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Ukudla kanye iziphuzo, Zokupheka
Yini wenze aphume iqanda ufulawa? ongakhetha kunokwenzeka
Yini wenze aphume Iqanda nofulawa? Impendulo yalo mbuzo ukupheka ungathola esihlokweni okuxoxwa ngayo.
Ukwenza ufulawa yasendlini noodle amaqanda
Yini wenze aphume iqanda ufulawa? Into yokuqala efika emqondweni ngemva kokuzwa umbuzo, kuyinto esihlwabusayo noodle ezenziwe ekhaya. Izosebenza njengenhlangano isinongo esihle kakhulu inkukhu noma yenkomo umhluzi.
Ukuze silungiselele ke ekhaya, sidinga zingxenye ezilandelayo:
- elikhulu amaqanda inkukhu - 1 pc.
- ukuphuza amanzi epholile - 3 nezinkezo ezinkulu;
- ithebula usawoti - ambalwa Eluma elincane;
- ufulawa kakolweni ulula - okuningi njengoba ukuthatha uketshezi.
Xova inhlama Iqanda
Yini wenze aphume iqanda ufulawa? Yiqiniso, okumnandi noodle ezenziwe ekhaya. Ukuze uthole inhlama ngokuqinile ukuxuba amaqanda Batter endishini ke kancane phehla ekuphambukeni yakhe evamile. Eceleni it is wathela amanzi kancane ukuphuza, futhi uthele ambalwa Eluma of baking soda. Ngokuphelele ukuxuba izithako, banezela ukudla ukukhanya.
Uxove inhlama kuyinto ukuba izandla isikhathi eside. Uma isizinda abushelelezi, futhi ngeke unamathele izintende, kuyahlanganiswa lesikwa futhi ukushiya ithebula ¼ ihora.
Indlela ukusika noodle, futhi kungakanani ukupheka inyama umhluzi?
Manje uyazi ukuthi ungakwazi ukupheka iqanda nofulawa. Ngemva inhlama ifikile, it is thinly kakhulu iphuma generously abafafazwe ufulawa kakolweni. Okulandelayo, okuholela umphetho nesibaya roll futhi uthathe ngommese obukhali.
Semi-siphelile noodle ezenziwe ekhaya ngelulela ibhodi washiya njengoba enjalo izinsuku ezimbalwa. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, inhlama kufanele kube omile kahle, okuzokwenza ukuthi kutholakale imikhiqizo agcinwe endaweni esitsheni uphawu isikhathi eside.
Bilisa noodle kokuqendwa inyama umhluzi kufanele ibe imizuzu abangeqile kwabathathu, kungenjalo ziyowa.
Yenza pancake okumnandi futhi aluhlaza nge kefir
Yogurt, amaqanda, ufulawa - ukuthi zingenziwa kulezi izithako? Abapheki ukuthi enye yalezi izingxenye etholakala pancake ezihlwabusayo kakhulu.
Ngakho, kudingeka silungiselele pancake aluhlaza:
- Amaqanda naphakathi - 2 PC.
- kefir fresh 3% - 400 ml;
- yokudlela soda - ½ spoon elincane;
- ushukela, usawoti - ukwengeza ukunambitheka;
- ufulawa kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo - ngokuzikhethela.
inhlama for pancake
amaqanda 2, ufulawa - ukuthi ingalungiswa kusukela lezi zingxenye? imikhiqizo enjalo avame ukusetshenziswa ukuxuba Pancake isisekelo. Amaqanda inkukhu kahle uphehle ngemfoloko, bese ufaka kubo usawoti kanye noshukela. Futhi ngokwehlukana iqeda nge baking soda in 3% kefir.
Ukuxuba uquqaba ezimbili ndawonye, kancane kancane engeza ufulawa. Ukuba ukungaguquguquki viscous, Pancake inhlama ishiywa ohlangothini (emahoreni ¼), bese uqhubekela phambili nokwelashwa kwayo ezishisayo.
Frying pan ekhaya oladushek
Yini ongayenza ngokuhlukile ukuze ube kusuka amaqanda nofulawa? Ukusebenzisa lezi izithako, ungakwazi kalula futhi ngokushesha enze pancake itiye.
Kokuqendwa inhlama kuma kefir Ketha up ngesipuni enkulu futhi ukusabalala on hot uyithose pan, kancane owagcoba. Lapho engxenyeni engenhla imbozwe izimbobo oladushek, okuhlanekezelwe zabo kanti olunye uhlangothi yalungiswa ngendlela efanayo.
Ngemva yokuwugazinga yonke imikhiqizo aluhlaza ku yogurt zabo ezigcotshwe ibhotela yangempela futhi wakhonza hot etafuleni ethulwa.
Indlela yokwenza crepes ekhaya?
Ufulawa, amaqanda, ubisi - ukuthi ingalungiswa kusukela lezi zingxenye? izithako ezinjalo ekahle ngokudala pancake mncane. Basuke elungiswe kahle ngendlela efanayo njengoba pancake futhi aluhlaza iresiphi odlule. ubisi kuphela kumele kusetshenziswe esikhundleni yogurt.
Ngakho, ngemva kwalokho izithako kafulawa, kufanele ube yini viscous, kodwa kunalokho Batter, okuyinto kufanele zisakazwa a hot uyithose pan ngosizo a ladle isobho.
Ukupheka okumnandi bhisikidi roulade ne apula ujamu
Yini wenze amaqanda, ufulawa, ushukela? imikhiqizo enjalo mihle ukusebenzisa inqubo bayobhaka bhisikidi imiqulu. Izingxenye ezilandelayo, kudingeka ukuqalisa le iresiphi:
- amaqanda amakhulu - 4 PC.
- soda - 2.5 g;
- ushukela isithombo sebhitrudi - 255 g;
- ufulawa Khanyisa - 255 g;
- kalamula - 5 ml (wasebenzisa angaqeda soda yokudlela);
- apula ujamu akuyona kakhulu uketshezi - mayelana 200;
- Imajarini - mayelana '15
Ukwenza inhlama bhisikidi
Bhisikidi inhlama wayixova roll ngokushesha okukhulu. Okokuqala, kumele bahlukanise abamhlophe izikhupha zezinto zalo ezihlukahlukene. Eceleni izikhupha ukuze ungeze i-sugar beet lisicole spoon esikhulu kakhulu kuze mass lishisa.
Kuyadingeka ukuba eceleni uphehle amaprotheni kancane chilled. Ngakho kubalulekile ukuthola Foam asishintshi neze. It is ukungezwa izikhupha amnandi, bese uqhubekela phambili yokuqothulwa baking soda. By the way, lona wamuva ezingenza ukuba axoshwe nje kuphela ngezinto kalamula, kodwa futhi nokusetshenziswa uviniga, yogurt noma ukhilimu omuncu.
Ngokuphelele ukuxuba izithako, kancane kancane engeza ufulawa ukukhanya. Kulesi test ukugxambukela njalo, ukuze is hhayi ixazululwe.
Indlela ukubhaka?
Bhaka bhisikidi isisekelo umqulu ukuba kwi aluminium pan ezinkulu. Yakhe kahle ukufuthelana kuhhavini, bese ezigcotshwe ucezu imajarini. Ngemuva kwaloko, bonkhe ishidi ukusabalala kusengaphambili wayixova inhlama okuyinto ke thermally ngayo.
Isikhathi siphephele of bhisikidi elisekela kuhhavini imizuzu 30-40. Ngalesi sikhathi, kufanele kube propechsya ngokugcwele futhi babe kuphekeke.
Inqubo ukwakha roll
Ifomu roll isipanji kufanele kube fast kakhulu, ngaphambi kokuthi kubande. Kuze kube yimanje, i-pan ne substrate isuswe kuhovini kancane ukunamathela ngixhumane onqenqemeni blade. Ngokulandelayo, phezu kobuso ezinhle smear apula ujamu. Ngemva kwalokhu ikhekhe is uvalwe kakhulu ukulimaza ibe umqulu. Ngakho-ke kufanele kube njengoba kushisa, ngaphandle kwalokho ikhekhe ufa.
Indlela ukwethula etafuleni?
Uma ikhekhe nge apula ujamu uzobe zihambisana umqulu, ibekwe ku ngoqwembe umphetho phansi. Ukulinda kuze kube yilapho ephelele Ukupholisa yokusaswidi ke ufafaze ushukela oluyimpuphu noma ushokoledi camera ungqimba. Kuleli fomu umkhiqizo kugcinwa abandayo cishe amahora amabili. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi isuswe, uthathe tincetu obukhulu 1.5 cm, futhi isinika etafuleni kanye inkomishi yetiye.
Kufinyeta
Njengoba ubona, izithako ezifana ufulawa, amaqanda, ushukela, yogurt ubisi asetshenziswa izindlela eziningi. Ngokusebenzisa le mikhiqizo, ungalungisa noodle hhayi kuphela ezenziwe ekhaya, pancake, crepes noma umqulu sponge, kodwa futhi nezinye izitsha eziningi. Ngokwesibonelo, enye yalezi izingxenye kuyinto kahle kulula nezitini Muffin okuzenzela, amakhukhi, amakhekhe kanye neminye imikhiqizo. Futhi kusukela amaqanda nofulawa, ungakwazi uxove inhlama for ravioli, amadombolo, chebureks, amakhekhe nokunye. D.
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Homeliness, Amathuluzi kanye nemishini
Izinzuzo kanye nencazelo kwamandla AD30 uchungechunge
Ukufakwa, unelungelo, AD30 amandla udizili isitshalo yakhelwe ukukhiqiza ezintathu okhombisa amandla kagesi ngesimo samanje, voltage sesifinyelele ezingeni Watts 400.
Lolu hlobo lwamandla more umthombo wamandla nganoma yisiphi amapulazi, nemizana ehlane, kungenzeka ukufaka lobuchwepheshe. System ukufakwa udizili amandla plant, ifakwe kabusha endaweni manual, ngakho-ke kufanele njalo kube khona onguchwepheshe oqeqeshiwe izimiso wokusebenza lokhu mshini.
Kungenzeka futhi ukusebenzisa njengoba ibhekhaphu amandla umthombo kagesi njalo abadinga izikhungo energy, njengebhange, isibhedlela, isikole. Kodwa ngaphezu operation manual njengoba kukhona okuhlukile nge generator diesel ifakwe automatics. Lolu hlobo isitshalo uyakwazi isebenze ngaphandle onguchwepheshe. Standard amandla imishini AD30:
1) injini diesel.
2) A power generator nge amandla 30 kW.
3) Uhlelo qeda nge lemifanekiso ngesimo emoyeni.
4) Exhaust uhlelo.
5) Built-in ethangini 90 amalitha.
6) Uhlelo ukupholisa ugcwele amanzi kanye echibini ukushisa.
7) Uhlelo uwoyela efomini yokuhlunga, futha kanye kurediyetha.
8) nge ukushaja generator.
9) Injini uhlelo stop Solenoid.
10) esikhululekile izingxenye ikhithi
11) edingekayo imibhalo elula.
12) Simple Control Systems lamadigri emithathu ezishintshayo elula. 13) kudivayisi lingatshajwa ejwayelekile kusukela inethiwekhi inani 220 V
14) E-heater.
Udizili kukagesi kanye nendinganiso Hogo 30 ikakhulukazi ifakwe kulezi izingxenye:
1) Engine. I udizili kwalolu phawu MEM D-246: elula mechanical Ukujikeleza imvamisa ukulawula, khona ezinkulu electromagnet
2) Amandla Standard Generator: zokuvumelanisa generator 284CSL elula esikhishwe Marathon Electric;
3) uhlelo lokulawula evamile:
1.Ruchnoe ukuphathwa ahlukahlukene:
Udizili ugesi, eyenza asakhelwanga umsebenzi, okuyinto has a degree lokuqala ezishintshayo standard, kanye elula manual control panel.
2. operation okuzenzakalelayo elula: ezizenzekelayo Udizili ginerator ngezinga yesibili ezishintshayo, kanye elawulwa kude automatic control elula eqondile. imishini engeziwe: Heater Webasto DBW 2016 manual noma zahlelwa ukuqala ukufakwa. Kanye iqoqo amabhethri ibhetri 6ST-90A, kanye isethi ephelele izintambo futhi ezenzakalelayo refueling uhlelo.
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UDABA: OkaDonga Gumbi
ISITHOMBE: Twitter
IGolden Arrows isithelekile ePrincess Magogo Stadium KwaMashu la kulindeleke ibhekane khona neKaizer Chiefs ngoLwesithathu kusihlwa.
Abafana Bes’thende bafake ividiyo ezinkundleni zayo zokuxhumana la ikhombisa abadlali babo bedilika ebhasini.
Sekuyinto eyaziwayo ukuthi iChiefs ayizihluphanga ngokusuka eGoli ize eThekwini kulo mdlalo njengoba ikhala ngokuxinwa yiCovid-19.
Nokho i-Arrows bekufanele ifike enkundleni ukuze igingqe bese isitapela amaphuzu kalula uma iChiefs igcina ngokungafiki.
IChiefs imemezele ngoLwesibili ntambama ukuthi yona ngeke ikwazi ukuya kulo mdlalo.
Uma igcina ingafikanga, kuzobe sekungokwesibili iChiefs ingayi emdlalweni ehlelelwe wona kwiDStv Premiership.
NangoMgqobelo ayiyanga emdlalweni wayo neCape Town City obekufanele ube seFNB Stadium.
ICity ifice kulenga izingidi emasangweni akule nkundla njengoba Amakhosi engazange azihluphe nangokusondela kuyo.
Bekuke kwaba nokungabaza ukuthi ngabe lo mdlao sewuhlehlisiwe yini njengoba iPSL iwubhale kanjali kwi-website yayio.
Kodwa kuyacaca ukuthi uma kunjalo lowo mlayezo awufikanga ku-Arrows njengoba iqhubekile yaya enkundleni.


text: Eqondiswa ukuqanjwa kabusha kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe, uRayson uhlala egxile ngaphandle futhi unamathela entuthukweni enhle ngesisekelo sokusungula izinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe. Umatilasi ophindwe kabili kanye ne-box spring Sithembisa ukuthi sinikeza ikhasimende ngalinye ngemikhiqizo yekhwalithi ephezulu ehlanganisa umatilasi ophindwe kabili ne-box spring kanye nezinsizakalo ezibanzi. Uma ufuna ukwazi imininingwane eyengeziwe, siyajabula ukukutshela.Izinga lika-Rayson double mattress kanye ne-box spring liqinisekisiwe. Ihlolwe ngokusebenza ngokunethezeka (isb. ukuhlolwa kokuphefumula), ukusebenza kokuvikela (isb. ukuhlolwa kokulwa namagciwane), nokusebenza okulula kokunakekela (isb. ukuhlolwa kokugeza nokugqokwa).


text:
UTau noZungu bathembisa ukudlulela kwi-last 16
MFANAFUTHI NDLOVU
UVUMA eyokuqhubeka kwesifo esidala esihlasele ibhola laseNingizimu Afrika uPercy Tau oyisilomo seBafana Bafana enomdlalo obucayi neMorocco wokusonga isigaba samaqoqo kwi-Africa Cup of Nations (Afcon) onamuhla ngoMsombuluko ngo-18h00 e-Al Salam Stadium, e-Egypt.
Komunye umdlalo waleli qoqo i-Ivory Coast ehlulwe yiMorocco ngoLwesihlanu, izobhekana neNamibia ngesikhathi esifanayo e-30 June Stadium.
UTau oqokwe njengomdlali ovelele iBafana ihlula iNamibia ngo-1-0 wegoli likaBongani “Ben 10” Zungu ngoLwesihlanu ebusu-ku e-Egypt, uthe nakuba bewuja-bulela lo mphumela kodwa baze-nzele phansi behlulwa yinqwaba yamathuba abawakhile.
Isifo sokushwetshwa kwamathuba yinto nabaqeqeshi bamakila-bhu agijima kwiPremier Soccer League (PSL) abahlale bekhala ngayo njengoba kungasajwayelekile ukuthi kube nomgadli ohlo-hla amagoli angaphezulu kwawu-20 ngesizini kwiPSL.
“Ngicabanga ukuthi sidlale kangcono kakhulu sibhekene neNamibia kunangesikhathi sihlulwa yi-Ivory Coast ngo-1-0.
“Okuhle wukuthi kwiNamibia sikwazile ukushaya igoli. Empeleni bekumele sinqobe ngamagoli amaningi kwazise sakhe amathuba amaningi kodwa sa-hluleka ukuwasebenzisa ngendlela,” kusho uTau.
Lo mdlali ugcizelele ukuthi basebenzela ukuqinisekisa ukuthi bathola umphumela abawudinga-yo emdlalweni neMorocco esivele seyingene ngomlenze owodwa esigabeni sika-last 16 salo mqhude-lwano.
Okumumisa isibindi uTau ngokudlulela esigabeni esilandelayo kweBafana wukuthi ukholwa wukuthi sebehlangene kahle.
Amazwi kaTau enanelwe nguZungu obukeka ebuya ngeshodi ekulimaleni. Uthi okumqoka kunakho konke ngamaphuzu.
“Ngethemba ukuthi sesizoqhubeka nokulokhu silenyuse njalo izinga ukuze sihambe iba-nga elide kulo mqhudelwano.
“Umdlalo neMorocco uzokuba nzima kakhulu. Nokho sizimisele ngokubuya nomphumela ozosiwe-lisela esigabeni somkhumulajezi,” kusho uZungu.


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I-Horoscope yomuntu siqu enezibikezelo zeminyaka engama-20 (2022-2042)
£62
Product Description
Thola ukufeza amathuba emisebenzi, ubudlelwano, ukuphathwa kwemali, amathiphu wokuba ngumzali, nokuningi ngosizo lwezinkanyezi.
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Umbiko wethu uzokunikeza imininingwane ngeshadi lakho lokuzalwa elinye ezinye izazi ezingeke lihlanganyele ekubonisaneni okufushane komuntu.
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Umbiko wethu ungabikezela ukubikezela kwakho Dasha 100% ngokunemba.
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Thola umbono onemininingwane womlingani wakho womshado.
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Thuthukisa zonke izingxenye zobuntu bakho futhi uphile impilo engcono.
- Uzothola incazelo ephelele yeMaha Dasha &; I-Antar Dasha yesikhathi sakho sonke. Ungaqinisekisa le miphumela yeDasha ngemicimbi yakho edlule, futhi uzomangaza ukwazi ubuqiniso besayensi yokufunda izinkanyezi ye-Vedic Astrology.
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Hlela impilo yakho ngeneminyaka engama-25,000 ubudala ukuhlakanipha kwasendulo kwasendulo ngekusasa lakho.
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? Ukuhlela i-2022 kulula kakhulu ngezibikezelo zanyangazokazi ezenziwa ngenyanga zezezimali zakho, ezempilo, ubudlelwano & umsebenzi. Thola amakhambi wamahhala wezinkanyezi & Izincomo ze-Gemstone ezifakiwe kulo mbiko. Inhloso yethu ukusabalalisa lolu lwazi lwakudala lwakudala oluneminyaka engu-25 000 lokufunda ngezinkanyezi lweVedic ASTICELY KULUNGILE kuwo wonke umuntu ngamanani ashibhile. Sithenjwa yizazi zezinkanyezi eziphezulu zamazwe omhlaba ukukhiqiza izinkanyezi zamakhasimende abo.
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✅Ukuphela kokulungiswa kwezinkanyezi okuwukudingayo.Uzokwazi ukuphendula imibuzo esebenzayo efana nokuthi “lapho ibhizinisi lami lizophumelela?” Futhi “Ngabe ngizolidla ifa lemali eminyakeni embalwa ezayo?”
✅Thola kalula amakhambi amahle kakhulu kuwe nakubathandekayo bakho.Khulula ukucindezelwa nokukhathazeka ngokusebenzisa amakhambi eLal Kitab, owaziwa nangokuthi “Book Book of Vedic Astrology”.
✅Thola okuningi empilweni yakho ngonyaka ka-2022:Yazi ukuthi yiziphi izinyanga eziyi-12 ezizayo ezizoletha nombiko wokuhlaziya we-Transit / Dasha wonyaka we-Dasha futhi wenze impilo yakho ibe yinde futhi ijabule ngangokunokwenzeka.
✅I-Vedic Astrology yenze lula.Misa ukuchitha amahora amaningi ekucwaningweni kokubikezela kokubikezela ngokubikezela awukwazi ukukuqonda ngoba sikwenzele ukusebenza kanzima!
✅Musa nje ukuhamba nokugeleza.Thola ukuthi kuzokwenzekani ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke! Thola ukubikezela kukaDasha kanye nalo lonke ulwazi mayelana ne-Nakshatra, Rashi, Bhava, Dasha & UDasha belikhulumi ngokuningiliziwe kanye namandla abo nobuthakathaka babo.
✅Thola umbiko wakho we-Numerology ufakiwe kulo mbiko.Yazi izinombolo zakho ze-Lucky, imibala enenhlanhla, i-auspicious & Izinsuku ezi-Inauspious & Iminyaka empilweni yakho, izinombolo zocingo, nezinombolo zemoto, ezikulethela ingcebo nokuchuma.
✅Thola izincomo ze-Gemstone ezifakiwe kulo mbiko.Umbiko wethu we-Horoscope ufaka incazelo eningilizayo yokuthi ungagqoka kanjani uhlobo ngalunye lwe-gem kahle, kanye nama-mantras noma iziteshi ezingasiza ukuthuthukisa amandla alo kakhulu!
✅Yonga isikhathi ngokwenza umbiko wakho owenzelwe umuntu kungakapheli amahora angama-24.Lo mbiko uza njengefayela le-PDF ongalifunda kunoma iyiphi idivaysi – ikhompyutha, ithebhulethi noma i-smartphone – ngokulula kwakho.
✅Izinsuku eziyi-7 isiqinisekiso sokubuyiselwa imali.Siyaqiniseka kakhulu kwisayensi yokufunda izinkanyezi – sinikeza isiqinisekiso semali esingemuva esiyi-100% uma uzwa sengathi lo mbiko awukutholanga nganoma iyiphi indlela.


text:
I-Kettle Moraine Cottage B&B Railroad Room
Umbungazi ovelele
Igumbi e-i-bed and breakfast ibungazwe ngu-Jerry
- Izivakashi ezingu- 2
- amakamelo okulala 2
- umbhede ongu-1
- Igumbi lokugeza langasese eliyi-1
U-Jerry Ungumbungazi ovelele
Ababungazi Abahamba Phambili banesipiliyoni, ababungazi bezinga eliphezulu abazinikele ekuphatheni izivakashi ngendlela ekhethekile.
Indawo enhle
Izivakashi ezingu-100% zakamuva zinikeze indawo isilinganiso sezinkanyezi ezingu-5.
Okokuzithokozisa kokungena okuhle kakhulu
Izivakashi ezingu-100% zakamuva zinikeze inqubo yokungena isilinganiso sezinkanyezi ezingu-5.
Konke ukubhukha kuhlanganisa isivikelo samahhala sokukhansela koMbungazi, ukunganembi kwemininingwane yendlu, nezinye izinkinga ezinjengobunzima bokungena.
Eminye imininingwane ihunyushwe ngokuzenzakalelayo.
Jabulela ukuhambahamba epharadesi langaphandle, ukugwedla ngesikebhe noma ukuhamba ngesikebhe, ukubhukuda, izinto zakudala nokuningi e-Southern Kettle Moraine, noma nje uphumule emphemeni noma ekamelweni lethu elithokomele. Qala usuku lwakho ngesidlo sasekuseni esishisayo, esinenhliziyo, futhi uphumule ngemva kokuvakasha kwakho kubhavu wakudala ogoqwayo. Itholakala eduze ne-E Eagle Springs Lake, i-Old World Wisconsin, izitolo eziyingqayizivele nezindawo zokudlela, nezinkulungwane zama-acre wehlathi lombuso. Ilungele abantu abashadile, abangane, noma abahambi abahamba bodwa.
Indawo
Ikamelo Lokuhamba Ngezitimela, elinombhede omkhulu ongu-1930, linegumbi lokugezela elinobhavu wakudala kanye nemihlobiso ehlukile yesitimela. Ikamelo ngalinye line-Wi-Fi yamahhala, i-TV yalo, kanye nefriji elincane. Indlu yokugezela inomshini wokomisa izinwele kanye nezinsipho ezenziwe ekhaya.
Ukungena kwesivakashi
Breakfast is served in the cozy Common Room, and the room is furnished with comfy furniture and a coffee counter, making it a great place to relax.
Indawo
Ikamelo Lokuhamba Ngezitimela, elinombhede omkhulu ongu-1930, linegumbi lokugezela elinobhavu wakudala kanye nemihlobiso ehlukile yesitimela. Ikamelo ngalinye line-Wi-Fi yamahhala, i-TV yalo, kanye nefriji elincane. Indlu yokugezela inomshini wokomisa izinwele kanye nezinsipho ezenziwe ekhaya.
Ukungena kwesivakashi
Breakfast is served in the cozy Common Room, and the room is furnished with comfy furniture and a coffee counter, making it a great place to relax.
Jabulela ukuhambahamba epharadesi langaphandle, ukugwedla ngesikebhe noma ukuhamba ngesikebhe, ukubhukuda, izinto zakudala nokuningi e-Southern Kettle Moraine, noma nje uphumule emphemeni noma ekamelweni lethu elithokomele. Qala usuku lwakho ngesidlo sasekuseni esishisayo, esinenhliziyo, futhi uphumule ngemva kokuvakasha kwakho kubhavu wakudala ogoqwayo. Itholakala eduze ne-E Eagle Springs Lake, i-Old World Wisconsi…
Amalungiselelo ezindawo zokulala
Ikamelo lokulala 1
Umbhede omkhulu ongu-1
Ikamelo lokulala 2
umbhede oyidabulu engu- 1
Amasevisi
Ukupaka mahhala ngaphakathi endaweni
I-Wifi
Isidlo sasekuseni
I-TV
Umshini womoya oqandisayo
Okusemqoka
I-Hair dryer
Ukushisisa
I-alamu yesimoko
I-alamu ye-carbon monoxide
4.95 out of 5 stars from 44 reviews
Inhlanzeko
Ukunemba
Ezokuxhumana
Indawo
Ngena
Inani
Indawo
Eagle, Wisconsin, i-United States
- Ukubukeza okungu-64
- Ubuwena buqinisekisiwe
- Umbungazi ovelele
UJerry Ungumbungazi ovelele
Ababungazi Abahamba Phambili banesipiliyoni, ababungazi bezinga eliphezulu abazinikele ekuphatheni izivakashi ngendlela ekhethekile.
- Izinga lokuphendula: 100%
- Isikhathi sokuphendula: kungakapheli ihora
Izinto okufanele uzazi
Ngena: 15:00 - 20:00
Isikhathi sokuphuma: 11:00
Akufaneleki ezinganeni nasezinsaneni
Akubhenywa
Izilwane ezifuywayo azivunyelwe
Ayikho imicimbi noma izenzakalo
Ezempilo & ukuphepha
Izinyathelo zokuphepha ze-COVID-19 ze-Airbnb ziyasebenza
Isiqwashisi se-carbon monoxide
Isiqwashisi sentuthu


text:
Lima, Nov 22 (EFE) .- INkantolo Yomthethosisekelo yasePeru inqabe umlobi we-habeas corpus owafaka ummeli kaMengameli wangaphambili u-Alejandro Toledo ngokumelene nomyalelo wokuboshwa nokuboshwa Kwaphela izinyanga ezingu-18 ngoFebhuwari ijaji njengengxenye yephenyo le-Odebrecht.
Esikhathini esiphethweni, eshicilelwe namhlanje, abahluleli bamemezela ukuthi isikhalazo asivumelekile emihlanu ukuvota ngokumelene nomunye futhi babheka ukuthi ukwephulwa kwamalungelo ayisisekelo kaToledo akuzange kuvunyelwe ngokufanelekile, okusolakala ukuthi uthole ama-dollar ayizigidi ezingu-20 izibhamu ezivela enkampanini yokwakha yaseBrazil.
Ummeli uHeriberto Jiménez, umvikeli womengameli wangaphambili, uthe uToledo uphelelwe ukuhlukunyezwa kwezimo eziningi noma iziqu, ngenxa inqubo, ukuzivikela kanye nokuvikelwa okusebenzayo, lapho uMkhandlu Wezobugebengu wamphikisa isikhalazo ngokumelene nokuthunjwa nokuvimbela ukuvimbela.
Lowo mbono wakhishwa ngoFebruwari ngumantji uRichard Concepción, oyinhloko yeCumbi LokuPhenya Kwamacala Okuqala we-National Criminal Chamber, okuzophenyelwa ngecala lokusolwa ngamacala obugebengu Ukuthintana nokukhishwa kwemali.
Ngokusho kwemibuzo eyenziwe yiHhovisi lika-Attorney General, uToledbrecht wavuma no-Odebrecht ngesifumbathiso ngemali engama-dollar ayizigidi ezingama-20 anikeze ukukhishwa kwe-Interoceanic Highway yaseNingizimu kuya enkampanini yaseBrazil, ewela insimu yasePeruvia kusukela ePacific Ocean kuze kube semngceleni wayo neBrazil.
Toledo njengamanje useCalifornia (e-United States), lapho ejwayele khona ukuhlala, ngaphandle kwegunya lokuboshwa emhlabeni wonke eliceliwe yiziphathimandla zasePeruvia ukuba zize zibe khona.
Icala i-Odebrecht ePeru igxile ekulandeleni amadola ayizigidi ezingu-29 ukuthi inkampani yokwakha yaseBrazil ivume e-US Ubulungiswa obukhokha izikhulu zasePeruvia phakathi kuka-2005 futhi ngo-2014 ukuze uthole izinkontileka zezigidi zemisebenzi yomphakathi.
Lesi sikhathi sihlanganisa izigunyazo zikaMongameli uToledo (2001-2006), u-Alan García (2006-2011), kufakwe phakathi Ukuphenya ngezipho zeLima Metro, no-Ollanta Humala (2011-2016), ababoshiwe ngezimali ezingekho emthethweni zeqembu lakhe.


text:
URaysonon wenzelwe ukuba ngumhlinzeki ochwepheshe kanye nomhlinzeki onokwethenjelwa wemikhiqizo esezingeni eliphakeme. Kuyo yonke inqubo yokukhiqiza, sisebenzisa ngokuqinile ukulawulwa kohlelo lokuphathwa kwekhwalithi ye-ISO. Kusukela kusunguliwe, ngaso sonke isikhathi sinamathela ekubuseni okuzimele, ukuphathwa kwesayensi, kanye nokwenza ngcono okuqhubekayo, futhi kunikeze izinsizakalo ezisezingeni eliphakeme ukuze zihlangane futhi zize zidlule nezidingo zamakhasimende. Siqinisekisa umkhiqizo wethu omusha amabhokisi angcono kakhulu azokulethela izinzuzo eziningi. Sihlala simi ukuze sithole uphenyo lwakho. Amabhokisi ahamba phambili amabhokisi aseRaySpring aneqembu labasebenzi benkonzo ababhekele ukuphendula imibuzo ephakanyiswe amakhasimende nge-Intanethi noma ngocingo, ukulandelela isimo seLogistics, kanye nokusiza amakhasimende ukuxazulula noma iyiphi inkinga. Ukuthi ungathanda ukuthola ulwazi oluthe xaxa kulokho, kungani futhi senza kanjani, zama umkhiqizo wethu omusha - amabhokisi amahle kakhulu, noma ungathanda ukubhekana nalo. . Bangukwenza iphethini yamaphepha, ukulungiselela indwangu (ukugeza kanye nokuphefumula), ukwelashwa kwendwangu (ukushwabana kanye nokumelana kwamagciwane), ukubekelwa phansi kwendwangu, ukwakheka kwendwangu nokuthunga.
Silandela ngokuqinile izinqubo zokulawula ezisezingeni eliphakeme ukuqinisekisa imikhiqizo yethu ihlangabezana noma idlule okulindelwe kwamakhasimende ethu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sinikezela ngezinsizakalo zangemva kokuthengisa zamakhasimende emhlabeni wonke.
Kusukela kusunguliwe, iRaysonn ihlose ukuhlinzeka ngezixazululo ezivelele nezihlaba umxhwele kumakhasimende ethu. Sisungule isikhungo sethu se-R & D sesakhiwo somkhiqizo kanye nokuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo.
Ngemuva kweminyaka yentuthuko, sisungule ubudlelwane besikhathi eside ngokubambisana namakhasimende ethu emhlabeni wonke. Sicela uqiniseke ukuthi sinelungelo lokuthumela imikhiqizo yethu futhi ngeke kube khona ukulimala okwenzeka ezimpahleni ezilethwe. Sikwamukela ngokweqiniso uphenyo lwakho nocingo.
Ungangisiza ekwenzeni umklamo wethu noma usebenzise ilogo yami emkhiqizweni?
Singenza umatilasi ngokusho komklamo wakho noma ukuhlinzeka insizakalo ye-OEM vele nje udinga ukuthi usinikeze ubuciko bakho bomkhiqizo noma izithombe ze-logo.
Ungawuphulwa kanjani umatilasi osongwe?
I-1.Place Carton egumbini elingaphansi egumbini lakho lokulala, donsa ngokucophelela umatilasi bese ubeka embhedeni wakho. 2. Ukusika ngesikhwama sangaphandle ngesikhafu okwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi ukungasiki omubi wepulasitiki ngaphakathi noma umatilasi, ungamanga ummese. 3.-0ngiselela umatilasi ovalwe uphawu embhedeni wakho ebetheni 4. Sika ngesikhwama sepulasitiki kanye nokubuka umatilasi ngaso leso sikhathi uqala ukubola, susa isikhwama sepulasitiki. I-5.Allow amahora angama-24 kumatilasi akho amasha ukunwebeka ngokuphelele.
Yiziphi izindlela zokukhokha owamukelayo?
I-LC ekuboneni / nge-TT, 30% I-Deposi futhi ibhalansi engu-70% imelene namakhophi okuthumela amadokhumenti ezinsuku zokufunda eziyi-7.


text:
ISEBENZA buthule iLiverpoool yase-England okuvela ukuthi kunabadlali ebagaqele njengoba imidlalo imisiwe ngenxa ye-coronavirus ehlasele emazweni ama-ningi emhlabeni.
Imidlalo ye-English Premiership imiswe iLiverpool iqhwakele ngamaphuzu angu-82 emidlalweni engu-29.
Le kilabhu sekuvele ukuthi ishela isinyenyela uMarcelo Brozovic waseCroatia ogijima kwi-Inter Milan yase-Italy. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, iLiverpool imataniswa noTimo Werner waseGermany odlala kwiRB Leipzig yakulona leliya lizwe.
IRB Leipzig kuthiwa izimisele ngokungena ezingxoxweni namakilabhu agaqele lo mdlali ngemuva kokudamba kwe-coronavirus. UWerner kuvela nokuthi ufunwa uthuli yiBayern Munich nayo yaseGermany. UJurgen Klopp waseGermany ongumqeqeshi weLiverpool, kuthiwa usenqume ukuzixoxela ngqo nalo mdlali ukuze ajoyine ezakhe. Kwenzeka lokhu nje, sekunesikhathi iLiverpool imataniswa noMilot Rashica waseKosovo odlala kwiWerder Bremen yaseGermany.
Imenenja yalo mdlali isanda kuphumela obala ngokuthi kukhona izingxoxo ezongena kuzona nekilabhu efuna lo mdlali. Kusolwa ukuthi ufuna ukumyisa kuyona iLiverpool.
IThe Reds kuvela ukuthi isembangweni owumshoshaphansi neLeicester City wokusayinisa uKostas Tsimikas waseGreece osemabhukwini e-Olympiakos yakulona leliya lizwe. I-Olympiakos iphethwe ngu-Evangelos Marinakis waseGreece ongesinye sezikhulu okuvele ukuthi zihaqwe yi-coronavirus. Lesi siqumama esinenqwaba yemikhumbi, siphinde sibe wu-mnikazi weNottingham Forest yase-England.


text:
Amanzi kashukela ayisithako esibalulekile sokusiza uqweqwe lwe-mooncake lube thambile, lube luhle futhi lube mnandi kakhulu. Ake siye ekhishini no-Nguyen Kim ukuze sifunde ngokushesha ukupheka amanzi ashukela ukwenza ama-mooncake “angahluliwe” kanye “asezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu” ekhaya!
Mục lục
- 1 Ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi ashukela ukwenza amaqebelengwane enyanga abhakiwe
- 2 Ungazilungiselela kanjani izithako zokupheka amanzi ashukela “okusezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu”
- 3 Iziqondiso zendlela yokupheka amanzi ashukela ukwenza ama-mooncake abe nombala ojwayelekile
- 4 Ezinye izinkinga lapho upheka amanzi ashukela ukwenza amaqebelengwane enyanga nendlela yokuwaxazulula
- 5 Eminye imibuzo lapho upheka amanzi ashukela ukwenza amaqebelengwane enyanga ekhaya
Ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi ashukela ukwenza amaqebelengwane enyanga abhakiwe
Amanzi kashukela we-mooncakes abhekwa njengesithako esibaluleke kakhulu kuqweqwe lwekhekhe. Ngoba amanzi ashukela awagcini nje ngokunquma ubumnandi be-mooncake crust, kodwa futhi ayasiza yenza i-mooncake crust inokuthamba, umbala odonsa amehlo nempilo ende yeshelufu yamakhekhe.
Ngokuvamile, abantu bavame ukwenza amanzi ashukela amaqebelengwane enyanga abhakiwe kusenesikhathi. Ngenxa yokuthi amanzi ashukela ashiywe isikhathi eside, azoba mnyama, aminyene futhi acebe. Ngakho-ke, amanzi ashukela ekhekhe lenyanga yesikhathi eside azosiza uqweqwe ukuba luthambile futhi lube nombala onsundu wegolide okhangayo.
Ungazilungiselela kanjani izithako zokupheka amanzi ashukela “okusezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu”
Izithako eziyisisekelo ezisetshenziselwa ukupheka amanzi ashukela yenza amaqebelengwane enyanga Iqukethe ushukela, amanzi kanye nolamula kuphela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungakwazi ukwengeza i-malt nejusi yomlotha ohlwini lwezithako zamanzi ashukela! Futhi nakhu okunye okuhlangenwe nakho okufanele ukwazi ekulungiseleleni izithako zokupheka ushukela wekhekhe “ongenakunqotshwa” kulesi senzakalo. Umkhosi Wamaphakathi Nekwindla lokhu.
1. Khetha umzila
Izithako zokwenza amanzi ashukela amaqebelengwane enyanga zihluke kakhulu. Ungasebenzisa ushukela omhlophe, ushukela onsundu noma ushukela ophuzi. Kodwa-ke, i-jaggery akufanele isetshenziswe ngoba ukunambitheka koshukela kuvame ukugxila kakhulu. Kwesinye isikhathi, i-jaggery izokweqa ukunambitheka kwama-mooncakes.
Uma ungenaso isikhathi esiningi, ushukela onsundu noma ushukela onsundu kuzoba yisinqumo esihle. Ngenxa yokuthi azosiza isiraphu kashukela ukuba ibe mnyama ngokushesha, ama-mooncake abhakiwe azoba nombala omuhle kakhulu wegolide onsundu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele ukhethe ukuthenga ushukela ocolile ngokuhlanzeka okuphezulu nokuhlanzeka, ngakho-ke lapho upheka, kuzonciphisa i-foam nokungcola okuyingozi empilweni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amanzi ashukela asetshenziselwa ukwenza amaqebelengwane enyanga azobe ecacile futhi emuhle kakhulu.
2. Ulamula
Ijusi kalamula noma uphayinaphu uzosiza ukulungisa isimo sikashukela. Okusho ukuthi, ushukela awufingqwa ube yizinhlayiya ezincane emanzini ashukela emva kwesikhathi ngasinye sokupheka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zithelo ezimbili zisiza futhi amanzi ashukela abe nokunambitheka okupholile. Ngakho-ke, igobolondo lekhekhe lenyanga libuye libe nephunga elimnandi, elimnandi kakhulu.
Ukuze uthole ulamula, ungasebenzisa ulamula ophuzi noma oluhlaza. Qaphela ukuthi ungakhami ijusi eduze kakhulu nekhasi, kuzokwenza amanzi ashukela abe ababa. Kodwa-ke, ukwenza amanzi ashukela abe mnandi futhi abe masha, kufanele ubeke kuqala ukusebenzisa ulamula ophuzi!.
3. I-Malt
I-malt esetshenziselwa ukwenza isiraphu kashukela we-mooncake iyi-malt emhlophe ekhanyayo noma ephuzi ephuzi, enoketshezi olubonakala kancane kanye nobumnandi obumaphakathi. Nakanjani ungasebenzisi i-malt yeswidi enamathelayo ephuzi ukupheka amanzi anoshukela ngoba ingabangela ukuthi ushukela ubuye.
I-malt isiza amanzi ashukela enze ama-mooncake athambe futhi abonakale. Nokho, ungakwazi futhi ukweqa lesi sithako uma ungakwazi ukusithola esilungile noma ungenaso ekhaya!
4. Amanzi e-lye
Amanzi omlotha wamaShayina asiza ukuthambisa amanzi anoshukela, ngakho asiza noqweqwe lwekhekhe lenyanga ukuthi luthambe futhi lube nombala onsundu osagolide. Emakethe, kunezinhlobo ezi-2 ezidumile zamanzi omlotha womkhumbi:
- Amanzi omlotha womkhumbi wemvelo: Ingxenye yomlotha emanzini iphekwe ngotshani bemvelo.
- Amanzi omlotha womkhumbi wezimboni: eyenziwe ngomlotha kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezinye izithako ezilondolozayo.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi omlotha wemikhumbi yezimboni kuzoba yingozi kakhulu empilweni yabasebenzisi. Futhi uma ungakwazi ukuthola umlotha wemvelo, ungakwazi ukweqa lesi sithako ngaphandle kokuthinta ikhwalithi yamanzi ashukela kanye nobuhle bekhekhe.
Iziqondiso zendlela yokupheka amanzi ashukela ukwenza ama-mooncake abe nombala ojwayelekile
Izithako: Iresiphi yokupheka kusuka ku-1 – 1.2kg wamanzi anoshukela:
- I-1kg kashukela enesilinganiso sika-50% ushukela omhlophe oyi-granulated: 50% ushukela onsundu.
- 1 ulamula ophuzi (unesisindo esingama-60g-70g).
- 600ml amanzi ahlungiwe.
- 20 ml we-malt (uma uthanda).
- 5ml amanzi omlotha wemvelo (uyazikhethela).
Izinyathelo ezinemininingwane ukupheka amanzi anoshukela
- Isinyathelo 1. Geza ilamula, uyinqume ngesigamu ngommese, susa imbewu bese ucindezela ijusi. Qaphela ukuthi ungawakhama ikhasi ukuze ugweme ijusi elibabayo futhi kufanele ugcine ikhasi lemon ngemva kokulicindezela.
- Isinyathelo sesi-2. Thela ushukela omhlophe noshukela onsundu epanini, uhlanganise kahle nesipuni. Letha amanzi emathunjini, vala ukushisa bese uthela la manzi abilayo epanini elinoshukela. Bese, sebenzisa i-spoon ukuze ugovuze ngobumnene, ngokulinganayo, kuze kube yilapho ushukela uhlakazeka.
- Isinyathelo sesi-3. Beka ibhodwe esitofini, uvule ukushisa ukuze uqhubeke ubilisa amanzi anoshukela. Lapho amanzi anoshukela eqala ukubila, yehlisa ukushisa okwanele ukuze amanzi abile. Uma ingaphezulu lamanzi anoshukela linegwebu, sebenzisa isihlungi samafutha ukuze ususe igwebu.
- Isinyathelo sesi-4. Engeza ijusi kalamula bese ucindezela i-lemon zest emanzini anoshukela. Qhubeka ubilisa ingxube yamanzi kashukela ekushiseni okuphansi imizuzu engu-50-65.
- Isinyathelo sesi-5. Lapho amanzi ashukela ephekwe cishe imizuzu engama-35-40, zama ukuhlola ukuthi amanzi ashukela afinyelele izinga noma cha. Uma amanzi anoshukela esemancane, qhubeka upheka, uma eshubile, engeza amanzi bese upheka kuze kube yilapho usuqedile.
- Isinyathelo sesi-6. Uma sekuvuthiwe, cisha ukushisa, sebenzisa i-rack ukukhipha ikhasi likalamula bese uvumela amanzi ashukela ukuthi aphole. Lapho amanzi ashukela ecishe esepholile, sebenzisa i-ladle ukukha isipuni ngasinye bese usifaka embizeni yengilazi.
- Isinyathelo sesi-7. Vumela amanzi ashukela embizeni yengilazi aphole ngokuphelele, bese uvala isivalo. Ngemva kweviki eli-1, ungasebenzisa leli nani lamanzi anoshukela.
Amanye amanothi okufanele uwakhumbule lapho upheka amanzi ashukela:
Ukupheka amanzi ashukela ukwenza amaqebelengwane enyanga ajwayelekile, udinga ukwazi kahle amanothi amancane alandelayo:
- Lapho ubeka ibhodwe lamanzi anoshukela esitofini, unganyakazi nhlobo (ngisho noma ufaka ulamula) ukuze ugweme isimo soshukela osele.
- Uma usebenzisa amanzi amaningi emalithi nomlotha ukupheka amanzi anoshukela, lezi zithako ezimbili kufanele zifakwe ebhodweni lamanzi anoshukela cishe imizuzu engu-30 ngemva kwesikhathi sokwengeza ulamula.
- Uma upheka, ungasebenzisa noma ungasebenzisi ithawula elihlanzekile ukuze usule izinhlayiya zikashukela ebhodweni. Uma uyisebenzisa, udinga ukuyisula ngokucophelela ukuze ugweme izinhlayiya zikashukela ezibuyela ebhodweni!.
- Uma ufaka amanzi ashukela embizeni yengilazi, ungawatheli ngoba izinhlayiya zikashukela odongeni lwebhodwe zizokhukhulela embizeni futhi zibangele ukuthi ushukela ubuye.
- Izimbiza zengilazi kufanele zisetshenziselwe ukugcina amanzi anoshukela futhi kufanele zihlanzwe ngamanzi abilayo bese zikhanywa kahle ngaphambi kokufaka amanzi anoshukela. Lokhu kusiza amanzi anoshukela ukuthi angonakali uma eshiywe isikhathi eside kanjalo nokuqinisekisa ukuthi ephephile empilweni.
- Amanzi ashukela okupheka ajwayelekile azoba nombala omuhle omnyama ophuzi noma onsundu wamaphiko ephela. Futhi ufinyelele ukuvumelana okulungile, hhayi mncane kakhulu noma ugqinsi kakhulu.
Indlela yokubona amanzi ashukela ukwenza amaqebelengwane enyanga ajwayelekile
Nazi izindlela ezi-3 ezilula zokukusiza ukuthi ubone kalula ukuthi amanzi ashukela ajwayelekile noma cha:
- Indlela 1: Usebenzisa ipuleti eliyisicaba, khaza amanzi anoshukela bese ubeka amaconsi ambalwa ngaphezulu. Uma amanzi ashukela esakazeka ngokushesha, isikhathi sokupheka asanele, uma amanzi ashukela ekoma ngokushesha, kungenxa yokupheka isikhathi eside. Lapho amanzi ashukela ephekwe ngokwezinga, lapho econsa, amaconsi kashukela asazogcina isimo sawo esiyindilinga ngisho noma sisakazeka kancane emizuzwaneni yokuqala engu-1-2.
- Indlela 2: Lungisa 1 inkomishi encane yamanzi bese wengeza amaconsi ambalwa amanzi anoshukela enkomishini. Uma ushukela wehla ngokushesha futhi uhlakaze emanzini, ukupheka akwanele. Uma amaconsi kashukela eqoqa amabhola ayindilinga emanzini, kungenxa yokupheka isikhathi eside kakhulu. Amanzi aphekiwe anoshukela azocwila futhi asakazeke enze indilinga phansi kwenkomishi.
- Indlela 3: Ngokusekelwe esisindweni samanzi ashukela emva kokupheka. Qala ukale ibhodwe ngaphambi kokupheka nangemuva kokupheka. Bese, thatha isisindo sebhodwe lamanzi anoshukela emva kokupheka susa isisindo sokuqala uma kusele cishe u-1kg – 1.2kg.
Ezinye izinkinga lapho upheka amanzi ashukela ukwenza amaqebelengwane enyanga nendlela yokuwaxazulula
Ukupheka amanzi ashukela ukubhaka ama-mooncakes kusele noshukela
Amanzi ashukela anoshukela emuva angamanzi anoshukela anongqimba lwezinhlayiya zikashukela omhlophe phansi ebhodleleni ngendlela yama-granules amancane. Indlela yokuphatha amanzi anoshukela ngoshukela: Buyisela amanzi anoshukela ebhodweni. Faka amanzi kanye nejusi kalamula bese upheka futhi.
Amanzi ashukela emva kokupheka, ake apholile ukuze aqine
Lesi simo sivame ukwenzeka lapho amanzi ashukela ephekwe isikhathi eside kakhulu. Ungakwazi ukucwilisa imbiza yamanzi ashukela emanzini afudumele ukuze uvumele izinga lokushisa lincibilike futhi ukhulule ushukela ngaphakathi. Bese, engeza amanzi ashisayo amancane emanzini anoshukela bese uwathela epanini ukuze upheke futhi.
Ngethemba ngendlela yokupheka amanzi ashukela ukwenza ama-mooncake “angenakunqotshwa” esihlokweni esingenhla, kuzokusiza ukuthi udale ngempumelelo ama-batches amahle futhi amnandi ama-mooncakes khona kanye ekhaya!
Eminye imibuzo lapho upheka amanzi ashukela ukwenza amaqebelengwane enyanga ekhaya
Amanzi ashukela enza ama-mooncakes ahlala isikhathi esingakanani?
Sawubona, Uma ikhekhe libhakwa isikhathi eside, kuzoba ngcono ukwenza amaqebelengwane enyanga. Kodwa-ke, lapho uhlola, uma kunephunga elingavamile noma umbala, ukuze uphephe, kufanele ulahle futhi upheke elinye iqoqo lamanzi anoshukela!
Kufanele ngipheke isikhathi esingakanani ushukela ngaphambi kwesikhathi uma ngifuna ukwenza ama-mooncake ekhaya?
Sawubona, njengemiyalelo esihlokweni, ukupheka amanzi ashukela kulula futhi akuthathi isikhathi esiningi. Amanzi anoshukela aphekwe ekhaya ahlanzekile futhi amnandi, awekho ngaphansi kwamanzi ashukela atholakala ngokudayiswa.
Ingabe kufanele ngipheke amanzi anoshukela ekhaya noma ngisebenzise amanzi anoshukela athengiswayo?
Sawubona, abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi ukuze uthole amanzi ashukela angcono kakhulu, kufanele upheke amanzi ashukela kusukela ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kuya ngonyaka kusengaphambili. Kodwa uma ungenaso isikhathi esiningi esijwayelekile, usengasebenzisa amanzi ashukela asanda kuphekwa cishe izinsuku eziyi-10-14. Qinisekisa ukuthi la manzi kashukela wekhekhe asasiza uqweqwe lwe-mooncake ukuthi luthambile futhi lube nombala ofanele!


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Uma kuziwa ekuvikeleni amakhompyutha ethu omuntu siqu noma omsebenzi, ngokuqinisekile abaningi bethu bayakhetha vumela ukusetshenziswa okuvamile kwamaphasiwedi ukuqala i Ngena ngemvume. Kodwa-ke, uma sikhuluma ngamadivaysi eselula, sivame ukusebenzisa i indlela yokusebenzisa i-PIN ukuqala iseshini noma ukuwavula, ngoba, mhlawumbe, kukhululekile futhi kulula kunendlela yangaphambilini. Okungenzeka ukuthi kungani abaningi bevumela ukusetshenziswa kwama-PIN kumakhompyutha abo. Nokho, namuhla sizohlola njengo "susa i-PIN ku-Windows 10» Uma kunesidingo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i- ukusetshenziswa kwe-PIN ku Windows 10, inikezwa ngethuluzi elibizwa IWindows Windows. Futhi, ngakho-ke, sizobona nokuthi leli thuluzi limayelana nani.
Futhi, ngaphambi kokuqala isihloko sanamuhla, mayelana I-Windows Windows nokuthi ungayiphatha kanjani, ikakhulukazi ukuthi kanjani «susa i-PIN ku-Windows 10». Sincoma ezinye zethu okuthunyelwe kwangaphambilini okuhlobene ngokusho Isistimu yokusebenza:
Inkomba
- 1 Isifundo sobuchwepheshe: Susa iphinikhodi ku-Windows 10
- 2 Isifingqo
Isifundo sobuchwepheshe: Susa iphinikhodi ku-Windows 10
Iyini iWindows Hello?
Ngaphambi kokwazi nokufunda «susa i-PIN ku-Windows 10» ethuluzini elibizwa IWindows Windows, kuyadingeka ukuthi silazi kafushane ukuze sizibeke esimweni esihle sendlela yokuphatha ngendlela efanele.
Noma kunjalo IWindows Windows singasho ukuthi kuwumsebenzi, inketho noma ithuluzi lesoftware kufakwe ku Uhlelo Lokusebenza lweWindows 10, okuvumela abasebenzisi bekhompyutha, i qala iseshini yomsebenzisi kuwo wonke amadivayisi akho, izinhlelo zokusebenza, amasevisi aku-inthanethi, namanethiwekhi. Futhi, konke lokhu, usebenzisa eyakhe ubuso, iris, izigxivizo zeminwe noma ukusetshenziswa okwaziwayo Indlela ye-PIN.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi, ngaphandle kwendlela ye-PIN, Windows Hello lapho usebenza ngedatha ye-biometric, ithatha idatha kunzwa ye-iris yekhamera engaphambili noma isifundi sezigxivizo zeminwe, ukuze idale isethulo sedatha, noma igrafu, futhi ibhale ngemfihlo ngaphambi kwalokho. zigcinwe ocingweni. Futhi ethembisa lokho uthe idatha ayisoze yashiya idivayisi eshiwo ngokuphepha komsebenzisi.
Futhi ekugcineni, kuhle ukwenza kucace ukuthi ukufinyelela kuyo ngaphakathi Windows 10, kumele siye ku Iwindi lezilungiselelo zeWindows, bese ucindezela inkinobho Isigaba sama-akhawunti. Okulandelayo, sidinga ukukhetha ifayela Inketho yokungena ukuze ukwazi ukusebenzisa zonke izici zayo. Njengoba kubonakala ezithombeni ezilandelayo:
Ithini i-PIN yokufinyelela?
Nakuba, ngokuqinisekile, abaningi bayacaca ukuthi iyi-a Iphinikhodi yokungena, kubalulekile ukusho lokho ngoba Windows 10, lokhu kubhekisela ku-a ngena inombolo kamazisi yomuntu siqu (i-PIN) ngokusebenzisa Microsoft Windows Sawubona.
Ngakho-ke, kubhekwa njenge-a ikhodi yokungena kufanele kube njalo imfihlo futhi kulula ukuyikhumbula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu kuhloswe ukuba kube izinombolo ezine kuphela, kodwa ngaphandle kwenkinga, ingalungiswa ngaphansi kwe-a inhlanganisela yezinombolo, izinhlamvu nezinhlamvu ezikhethekile, enamadijithi amaningi. Futhi izinzuzo zokuyisebenzisa ziyi kalula kanye nesivinini sokusebenzisa, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo okukhethekile kudivayisi eyodwa kuphela.
Phatha iphinikhodi ku-Windows 10
Uma i-Windows Hello isifinyelelwe ngaphakathi Windows 10, manje sesingakwazi ukuphatha izinketho ezitholakalayo, njengokuthi, Windows Hello ubuso ukuqashelwa kwe-biometric ebusweni; I-Windows Hello Fingerprint ukuhlonza izigxivizo zeminwe ze-biometric; noma eyodwa Ukhiye wokuphepha ngokuqalisa nokuqinisekisa ngezindlela zangaphandle, ezinjengokhiye wokuqinisekisa ubunikazi nge-USB/NFC.
Qaphela ukuthi, ku-Windows, a ukhiye wokuphepha ibhekisela kudivayisi ephathekayo engasetshenziswa esikhundleni segama lomsebenzisi nephasiwedi ukuze kusayinwe ukungena. Futhi lokhu kungaba eyodwa Ukhiye we-USB lokho kugcina uchungechunge lokhiye, noma a Idivayisi ye-NFC efana ne-smartphone noma ikhadi lokufinyelela. Okuhle ngale ndlela ukuthi isetshenziswa ngokuhambisana nenye indlela, njengesigxivizo somunwe noma i-PIN. Ngendlela yokuthi ngisho noma othile ethola ukhiye wethu wokuqinisekisa ubunikazi, ngeke akwazi ukwethula iseshini yomsebenzisi ngaphandle kwe-PIN noma izigxivizo zeminwe ezimisiwe.
Futhi, singabona ku-Windows Hello izinketho zokufinyelela ngokuthi Contraseña ukusebenzisa indlela evamile yokuqinisekisa ngephasiwedi ehlotshaniswa nomsebenzisi. inketho ye Iphasiwedi yesithombe ukufinyelela isistimu yokusebenza ngokuhlonza isithombe esihleliwe. Futhi-ke inketho I-PIN ye-Windows Sawubona ukuze kulungiselelwe iphethini yezinombolo noma yamagama nezinombolo noma iphasiwedi ukuze ulawule ukufinyelela Kuhlelo.
Kuleli cala elishiwo ekugcineni, I-PIN ye-Windows Sawubona, okuyilona elisikhathazayo, inqubo yokusetshenziswa injalo elula futhi esheshayo njengoba kukhonjisiwe ngezansi ezithombeni ezilandelayo:
Nika amandla ukusetshenziswa kwephinikhodi ye-Windows Hello
Shintsha i-PIN yakho ye-Windows Hello
Susa i-PIN ye-Windows Hello
Futhi ekugcineni, kubalulekile ukusho lokho, uma ufuna ukwandisa ulwazi olunikezwa usebenzisa iWindows Hello en IWindows 10 noma iWindows 11 con Ulwazi olusemthethweni lwe-Microsoft Windows, ungachofoza okulandelayo isixhumanisi,nalokhu okunye isixhumanisi.
Isifingqo
Ngamafuphi, futhi njengoba kungabonwa, kunikwe amandla noma «susa i-PIN ku-Windows 10» Kuyinto elula ngempela futhi esheshayo ukuyenza. Futhi, masingakhohlwa ukuthi lokhu kusebenza kunikezwa ngethuluzi leWindows elibizwa IWindows Windows. okungesikho thina kuphela ivumela umsebenzisi ukuthi aqale iseshini kunoma iyiphi idivayisi, kodwa futhi ezinhlelweni zokusebenza, izinsiza eziku-inthanethi namanethiwekhi. Konke lokhu, ngokusebenzisa ubuso bethu, iris, izigxivizo zeminwe, kanye ne-PIN.
Futhi nakuba, ngokuqinisekile kwabaningi, ngoba ukuphepha kwekhompyutha, ubumfihlo kanye nezizathu zokungaziwa, lezi izinketho zokungena ze-biometric ngokusebenzisa IWindows Windows ngeke zibe mnandi noma zithembeke. IMicrosoft ithembisa abasebenzisi bayo ukuthi bangaqiniseka ngalolo lwazi olusetshenziselwa ukukhomba ubuso babasebenzisi, irises noma izigxivizo zeminwe abalokothi bashiye idivayisi lapho isetshenziswa khona.
Leyo I-Windows ayigcini le datha ye-biometric, hhayi kudivayisi nanoma yikuphi kwenye indawo. Ngakho-ke, kuzoba yindaba yomsebenzisi ngamunye, ukuthi uyamethemba noma cha Ukusebenzisa kwe-Microsoft idatha yakho yomuntu siqu.


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Ama-motor kagesi asebenza nezinhlobo ezahlukene zama-currents noma izigaba, ezizonquma ukusebenza kwazo namandla okusebenza. Kulesi sihloko uzofunda konke mayelana injini yezigaba ezintathu, ukuthi isebenza kanjani, izingxenye zayo nokunye okuningi.
Lawa ma-motor aklanyelwe ukusebenza ne-alternating current (AC) yezigaba ezintathu, yamanje eyayisetshenziswa ezinhlelweni eziningi zezimboni.
Izinjini zokungeniswa kwezigaba ezintathu zisebenza ngenxa yezenzakalo zokungeniswa kukagesi, ezixhumanisa ugesi nozibuthe. Yizona ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ezimbonini ngenxa yobulula bazo, ukuqina nokugcinwa kwazo kalula.
Ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nokusebenza kwayo, kuyadingeka ukuba kucace mayelana nemibono yesigaba sesithathu esishintshanayo insimu yamanje nekazibuthe.
I-Triphasic current
Ngokuphambene nezinhlelo zamanje ezishintshayo zesigaba esisodwa, ezisebenzisa isigaba kuphela nokungathathi hlangothi njengamakhondatha kagesi ukuze usatshalaliswe futhi usetshenziswe, amasistimu ezigaba ezintathu asebenzisa amakhondatha kagesi amathathu noma amane, izigaba ezintathu noma izigaba ezintathu kanye nokungathathi hlangothi.
Njengoba isebenza ngezigaba ezintathu, ngaphezu kokungathathi hlangothi, ama-voltages angakhiqizwa ahlukile, kusukela ku-230 volts phakathi kokungathathi hlangothi - isigaba kuze kufike ku-400 volts phakathi kwesigaba - isigaba.
I-voltage phakathi kwezigaba ezimbili ihlala iyimpande ephakeme ngokuphindwe kathathu kunesigaba esingathathi hlangothi: 300/230= √3
Amandla kagesi aphezulu kakhulu asetshenziswa embonini nasezimotweni, aphansi kakhulu ukusetshenziswa komndeni nokukhanyisa. Le generator ekhiqiza amandla ezigaba ezintathu ibizwa ngokuthi i-alternator futhi ikwazi ukukhiqiza amandla amathathu e-electromotive (Emf= voltages) esigabeni ngasinye ngamavelu esikhashana:
e1= Isilinganiso esiphezulu esingu-X sinus Wt.
e2= I-Emaximum X sine (Wt-120°).
e3= I-Emaximum X sine (Wt-240°).
Lokhu kusho ukuthi amanani ama-voltage (3) «esinye sesigaba ngasinye» angaphandle komongo ngo-120° ngokuhlobene namanye okwamanje. Kwenzeka okufanayo kuwo womathathu amandla.
Izinzuzo
- Izinjini zamanje ezishintshana ngezigaba ezintathu zinenzuzo yokukwazi ukukhiqiza ama-voltage amabili ahlukene ngaphakathi kwenjini efanayo.
- Ama-Alternator, ama-transformer, namamotho e-AC ezigaba ezintathu asebenza kangcono, alula, futhi angabizi kakhulu.
Lokhu kubhekwa ngokuyisisekelo kuma-motor induction ezigaba ezintathu, asetshenziswa kakhulu engxenyeni yezimboni.
Phakathi kwezinhlobo eziphambili zezinjini ezikhona, kukhona i-single-phase motor, lezi yizo ezineziqalo ezimbili, eziyenza ibe namandla kakhulu, ngokukhulu. isici samandla ngakho-ke ukusebenza okuphezulu.
Lezi zinhlelo zezigaba ezintathu zithola ukudlulisa amandla kagesi anokonga okubalulekile ekuhlukaniseni ama-conductor.
Lezi zinzuzo zisho ukuthi okwamanje wonke amandla kagesi asatshalaliswa, adluliselwe, akhiqizwe futhi adliwe ngendlela yezigaba ezintathu ezishintshanayo.
Inkambu kazibuthe
Yindawo yendawo lapho kukhona amandla kazibuthe, amandla ahehayo noma axosha izinsimbi. Ngokufanayo, zingavezwa njengendawo lapho kukhona uzibuthe (amandla kazibuthe).
Uzibuthe unendawo ewuzungezile yokubeka noma iyiphi into eyinsimbi, ukhangwa uzibuthe. Inkambu ingenziwa samuntu ngemigqa eyaziwa ngokuthi imigqa yamagnetic field.
Amandla okukhangwa ngawo intokazibuthe uma ikhishelwa endaweni kazibuthe, azoncika emandleni uzibuthe nendawo esensimini lapho ibekwe khona. Amandla okukhanga eduze kukazibuthe ngeke afane nasemaphethelweni awo wendawo kazibuthe.
Insimu kazibuthe ayenziwa kuphela umazibuthe, kodwa futhi ngumqhubi owela manje, aphinde akhiqize insimu yamagnetic ezungezile, efana naleyo yamagnetic.
Uma umqhubi elimele ngendlela yekhoyili, inkambu kazibuthe izoba nkulu, lezi zihibe zizophinde zilimale, ngokulandelayo, zizungeze i-electromagnet, ngaleyo ndlela insimu kazibuthe izoba nkulu kakhulu. Lezi zinkundla kazibuthe zikhiqizwa ngogesi.
Amajeneretha e-magnetic field anezigxobo ezimbili, ezinhle nezimbi, uma singakwazi ukujoyina izindawo ezimbili ezifanayo zamagnetic kusukela esigxotsheni esifanayo, amasimu akhiqiza amandla aphikisayo, manje uma izigxobo zamasimu ziphambene, amandla okukhanga akhiqizwa phakathi kwabo. amasimu.
Ku-conductor ukuthi i-current cross cross, izigxobo zamasimu akhiqizwayo zizoxhomeka ekuqondeni lapho i-current ingena khona futhi ishiya umqhubi.
Kuzibuthe, izigxobo ezilinganayo ziyaxoshana futhi izigxobo eziphambene zidonselana, ngale migomo ecacile, kuyoba lula ukuqonda ukusebenza kwe-motor yezigaba ezintathu.
Umsebenzi
Ama-motor asynchronous ezigaba ezintathu anezingxenye zawo ezibalulekile:
stator
Iqukethe i-casing lapho kushunyekwa khona umqhele wamashidi ensimbi ye-silicon anikezwe ukusikeka.
Lokhu kuphenduka kwamakhoyili atholakala ekusikeni okushiwo okwakha izibuthe zikagesi ngokuya ngamasekhethi nezigaba eziqukethwe yinethiwekhi, lapho umshini uzoxhunywa khona. Injini enezigaba ezintathu zamakhoyili anesekhethi eyodwa ikhoyili ngayinye, ngakho iqukethe amasekhethi amaningana.
Ama-electromagnets akha i-stator yiwo azokwenza insimu yamagnetic ejikelezayo, yingakho ebizwa nangokuthi ama-inductors, ngoba azofaka umsinga kwenye ingxenye noma azokwenza ukujikeleza.
Ukujikeleza
Itholakala ngaphakathi kwe-stator, iyisikhungo samapuleti ensimbi e-silicon estakiwe ahlanganisa isilinda noma ikhoyili kagesi kuye ngohlobo lwe-rotor, i-squirrel cage rotor noma i-rotor yesilonda.
Iphinde ibizwa nge-armature, ngoba lapho ama-voltage, ama-currents kanye nokujikeleza kwe-motor kuyayengelwa. Lena ingxenye ehambayo yenjini.
i-rotor yekheji
Le rotor iyona esetshenziswa kakhulu, iyi-rotor enochungechunge lwe-aluminium noma imigoqo yethusi (ama-conductor) azungeze isifunda esifushane ngamasongo amabili ekugcineni kwawo. Kuyi-rotor enamakhoyili nxazonke.
Inkambu kazibuthe ejikelezayo ihlukanisa izinduku noma amapuleti asuka ku-motor, lapho amandla e-electromotive noma i-voltage izokwenziwa ukuthi, ngokuba i-short-circuited, ikhiqize ukubonga kwamanje kubo, yathi yamanje ikhiqiza insimu ezolandela i-stator, ijika. i-rotor.
okutholakele ngokomzimba
Ukuze kudalwe i-motor yezigaba ezintathu, ukwambulwa kwezazi ze-physics ezintathu kwakudingeka:
UFadaday
Uveze ukuthi i-conductor kagesi enyakazayo ngaphakathi kwendawo kazibuthe (umazibuthe) ikhiqiza i-voltage noma ukuhluka okungaba khona (ddp) emikhawulweni yayo yomibili.
Le voltage iyashukunyiswa futhi ibizwa nge-electromotive force (emf) hhayi i-voltage. Uma sibeka iziphetho ndawonye, njengakwisifunda esifushane noma nge-bulb, i-current ihamba ngomqhubi.
Phakathi naleso sikhathi, uma sihambisa umqhubi, sizosika imigqa yamagnetic field futhi amandla e-electromotive azogcinwa ekugcineni komqhubi, uma isifunda esifushane sivulekile. Uma sixhuma isibani kumqhubi, amandla e-electromotive akhiqiza i-current ngokusebenzisa umqhubi.
La mandla kagesi akhiqizwa ku-loop uma eshukunyiswa abizwa ngokuthi amandla e-electromotive induced (emf), kumane nje kuyi-voltage phakathi kwamaphoyinti amabili: Uma isifunda esifushane senzeka kumaluphu, kuzokhiqizwa i-current ebangelwa iluphu, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-short-circuit. okwamanje.
Nikola Tesla
U-Tesla uveze ukuthi ukushintshana kwamanje kwezigaba ezintathu ezihamba esigabeni ngasinye ngaphakathi kwekhoyili kumele kukhiqize isikhala sikazibuthe, wabe esephetha ngokuthi ukuhlangana kukazibuthe nekhoyili kuyalingana nozibuthe kagesi.
Uma i-current inenani lika-zero (0) ingekho inkambu kuleso sigaba, izokhula futhi kumjikelezo ngamunye wengxenye yegagasi inkambu ishintsha isiqondiso.
Izibonelo:
- Iphuzu elingu-N° 1: Kunezinkambu ezintathu ezakhiwe, ezimbili zinegethivu ezisungulwe yi-L2 ne-L3 kanye ne-positive L1 ukuthi, njengoba yamanje inenani eliphakeme kakhulu, izoba insimu enkulu kunazo zonke i-L1 engayisungula. Ukwenza isamba sevekhtha yezinkambu (3) kuzosinika ivekhtha yombala omnyama ngaphakathi kwenjini.
- Iphuzu elingu-N° 2: Kulokhu kuzoba ngu-L2 ozokwakha insimu enkulu kunayo yonke bese kuthi ababili abalandelayo kube abangemuhle. Uma sengeza okuthathu, umphumela uba i-vector kuleso simo. Uma ungaqinisekisa ukuthi iphenduke kanjani.
- Iphuzu elingu-N° 3: Inkambu enkulu kunazo zonke yakhiwa yi-L3 futhi okulandelayo okubili kuzoba negethivu. Qhubeka uzungezisa i-vector yasensimini kanye nenkundla.
Insimu kazibuthe ekhiqizwa ku-motor stator iyanyakaza futhi imigqa yamagnetic field izosika amashidi ensimbi (ama-conductors) we-squirrel-cage rotor, ikhiqize amandla e-electromotive induced (emf) phakathi kwawo, kodwa ibe i-short-circuited ukuthi kuzoba yini. okhiqizwayo kuzoba umsinga owenziwe ozohambisa amapuleti enjini.
I-Oersted
Wathola ukuthi uma ikhondukta okuhamba ngayo amandla kagesi ingaphakathi kwendawo kazibuthe futhi imigqa yayo ihlukanisa i-conductor, isuka iqonde endaweni kazibuthe futhi kwakheka amandla ku-conductor ayisiza ukuba ihambe.
Okusho ukuthi, umqhubi we-x wamanje + insimu kazibuthe = ukunyakaza komqhubi.
Ngempela, umsinga ohamba nge-conductor, lokho okwakha imvelo yayo inkambu kazibuthe, njengoba u-Oersted embule, futhi lapho zombili izinkambu zihlangana, ukujikeleza kuyakhiqizwa (njengokungathi zingozibuthe ababili).
Ungakhohlwa, omazibuthe ababili babhekene = amandla okukhanga noma ukunengwa.
Ngokusho kwesiqondiso samanje ngokusebenzisa umqhubi, faka noma ushiye, insimu eyakhiwe izoba ne-polarity eyodwa noma okuphambene, ngenxa yalesi sizathu, amasimu adonselana futhi axoshe omunye nomunye, okwenza umqhubi anyakaze ohlangothini olulodwa noma kwenye. ., lokhu kuzoncika ekuqondeni kwe-current ku-conductor.
Uma umqhubi bekuyiluphu, amabutho amabili aphikisanayo ayezokwakha kuwo, ngoba ngakolunye uhlangothi lweluphu, umsinga uzoba nesiqondiso esisodwa (ungena) futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi uzoba nokuphambene (amaqabunga) ngakolunye. ohlangothini lweluphu, iluphu, efaka iluphu ukuze ijikelezise. Amandla amabili akhiqiza isikhashana noma ezimbili ezikhiqiza ukuphenduka kweluphu.
Inductor
I-Passive element ye-Electric Circuit, leyo, ngenxa yesenzo sokuzingenisa, ikhiqize amandla njengenkundla kazibuthe.
Lezi zingxenye ze- passive kanye ne-linear zizokwazi ukugcina nokukhulula amandla ngokususelwe kuzimo ezihlobene nezinkundla kazibuthe, ngokuyisisekelo, yonke i-inductor iwukugeleza kwentambo yokuqhuba.
Lesi sici sikagesi sikhiqiza ukungeniswa, ngakho-ke senza insimu kazibuthe lapho i-current idlula kuyo, noma yimuphi umqhubi angasetshenziswa ukwenza ikhoyili.
Inkambu Yezibuthe Ezungezayo
Lo mkhakha uzibuthe uzungeza ngendlela efanele futhi ukhiqizwa umshini kagesi oshintshanayo. U-Nikola Tesla wayithola ngo-1885, kuyisimo lapho injini yamanje eshintshanayo isekelwe khona.
Ngokusebenzisa i-alternating current kumakhoyili e-inductor, kukhiqizwa inkambu kazibuthe ezungezayo noma ezungezayo, imvamisa yayo ifana neyamanje eshintshanayo, lapho injini izogcinwa khona.
Kungani Imoto Yezigaba Ezintathu Izungeza?
NgokukaTesla, i-motor ine-stator enensimu yamagnetic ejikelezayo, enesibopho sokusika ama-conductor noma amapuleti e-rotor futhi lokhu kukhiqiza i-voltage evuselelwe ebizwa ngokuthi (emf).
UFaraday uthi uma la makhondakta noma amapuleti ejikeleza kancane, ukunyakaza kwamanje okuvuselelwe kukhiqizwa yiwo futhi kwakheka insimu kazibuthe endaweni ezungezile.
I-current ihamba phakathi kwamapuleti ezimoto (ama-conductors), akhiwa kulezi zindawo ezinozibuthe ezivuselelwe, futhi lezi zindawo zenza amandla amabili ku-rotor.
Insimu yamagnetic eyenziwe ku-rotor izoxosha lowo ku-stator, kodwa ngeke ikwazi ukuyifinyelela, ngoba imigqa yensimu ye-stator ngeke inqume amapuleti e-rotor futhi i-current induced izokhiqizwa.
Yingakho zibizwa ngokuthi ama-asynchronous motors, isivinini se-rotor kanye nenkundla ye-stator ayivumelanisiwe.
Futhi, yaziwa ngokuthi i-induction motor, ngoba i-stator yenza i-current in rotor ukuthi isebenze, "I-Asynchronous Three-Phase Induction Motor".
Lokhu kwamanje kubangelwa amapuleti e-rotor, lokho abakwenzayo ngempela kuyinsimu yamagnetic ebazungezile, insimu ezohamba ngokuphenduka ukuze iqhubeke insimu ejikelezayo ye-stator yesigaba ezintathu. Kufana nokuba nozibuthe ababili.
Nakuba i-rotor yabonwa ngozibuthe, empeleni iyi-rotor ye-squirrel cage, kodwa njengoba sesibonile kakade, yakhiwe endaweni yamagnetic, nalokhu iba yizibuthe.
Lokhu sikuchaza njengokugudluzwa kwenjini engavumelanisi, njengokungafani kwalezi zivinini kuvezwe ngamaphesenti:
S= [(ns-n)/ns]x100
S= ukususwa ngephesenti %
ns= Isivinini esivumelanayo senkambu ye-Stator Magnetic.
n = Isivinini se-Rotor.
I-Three-Phase Asynchronous Motor ene-Short-Crcuit Rotor inesivinini esingu-3000 rpm.
Kuyini ukuhanjiswa kwe-rotor yomthwalo ogcwele uma kulinganiswa ne-tachometer, isivinini esingu-2850 rpm?
S= [3000-2850/3000]=5%
I-stator ye-asynchronous motor enezigaba ezintathu iphakanyiswa ngendlela yokuthi ama-windings amathathu abekwe asuswe ngu-120 °.
Ngayinye yazo ihlanganiswe nesigaba ngasinye sesistimu yezigaba ezintathu, yingakho imisinga esheshayo i1, i2 kanye ne-i3 izohamba ngayinye.
Njengoba umthwalo ku-motor rotor ukhula, ijubane le-rotor liyancipha futhi ukufuduka kuyanda. Lokhu kuvuselela i-stator flux ukunqamula imigoqo ye-rotor ngesivinini esigcwele, bese kwandisa okwamanje ku-rotor kanye nama-motor womabili ukunqoba kokubili ukuphikiswa komthwalo.
Yilokhu okuvamile ukwenzeka ekuqaleni kwabanye izinhlobo zezinjini zikagesi, efinyelela ukuqina okukhulu okumuncwa injini ngokuphindwe kasikhombisa kunalapho injini isebenza.
Ijubane le-motor alincishisiwe ngomthwalo owandayo, ukufuduka kwama-motor ezigaba ezintathu akukhulu kakhulu.
Isivinini sokuvumelanisa senkundla ejikelezayo sizoncika ezigxotsheni lapho ama-winding enziwa khona ku-stator kanye nemvamisa yayo kunethiwekhi exhunyiwe (i-Spain 50Hz eMelika 60Hz).
ns= (60xf)/p.
ns= Isivinini Esivumelanayo Senkambu Ezungezayo ye-Stator.
F= Imvamisa Yenethiwekhi Yezigaba Ezintathu e-Hertzies.
P= Inombolo Yamapheya e-Stator Pole. Inombolo yipheya yesigxobo esi-1 (eNyakatho-Ningizimu).
Isibonelo: Uma unomshini onezigxobo (izigxobo ezimbili) usebenza ngo-3000rpm ku-50Hz, namapheya amabili ezigxobo (izigxobo ezine) uzozungeza ku-1500 rpm, ukube unamapheya amathathu ezigxobo ngabe 1000rpm futhi ukube bekuyizigxobo ezine bekuzoba ngu-750rpm.
Imvamisa ukwazi ijubane lemoto, itholakala epuleti lezimpawu, sizokwazi inani lezigxobo zenjini.
Amandla athathwe yi-motor (igama) angatholakala ku-nameplate, i-Torque = √3xVnxInxCoseFi, lawa mandla awadluliselwe ngokugcwele ku-motor shaft, ngenxa yokuthi ama-motor anokulahlekelwa. Ukulahlekelwa okukhulu yizi:
- Ukulahlekelwa kwethusi: lezi zibangelwa ukumelana nama-windings.
- Ilahlekile ku-iron: lezi zibangelwa i-hysteresis kanye nama-eddy currents noma i-Fauconlt.
- Ukulahleka kwemishini: lokhu kungenxa yezakhi ezijikelezayo ngenxa yokungqubuzana.
Ukusebenza kahle (n) kwemoto yilokhu:
n= (Putil/Pasorbide)x100; ngamaphesenti.
Amandla awusizo, uma sibeka ukusebenza ngenombolo, hhayi ngephesenti. Isibonelo: Isivuno esingu-0,87 esikhundleni sika-87%, lokhu kuzoba:
Pu= nx Passorbid = nx√3xVnxInxCoseFi
Ungakhohlwa 1CV = 736w ezinkingeni eziningi amandla avezwa ngamandla ehhashi.
Umthwalo Wenjini, Ukusheshisa kanye Nokuqala
Lapho i-motor isuka e-idling iye ekudonseni umthwalo wemishini, i-rotor iyancipha, ngenxa ye-torque ekhiqizwa umthwalo ophambene nokujikeleza kwe-rotor.
Lokhu kubangela ukuzungeza okuhlobene kwendawo kazibuthe ezungezayo ngokuphathelene nama-conductor we-rotor ukwanda, okukhiqiza ukwanda kwe-emf kanye namandla amanje ama-motor conductors noma amapuleti.
I-torque ekhuphuka ku-rotor, i-torque yama-motor, incike kulokhu okwamanje, ukwanda kwe-torque eshiwo kukhiqizwa okulinganisa i-torque yokumelana ne-torque ye-motor.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi njengoba umthwalo wemoto ukhula, ukushelela kwe-motor kanye ne-torque nakho kuzokhuphuka. I-torque eyenziwa yi-induction motor ihlobene eduze nesivinini se-motor.
Ngenxa yokuthi ubudlelwano bayo bezibalo buyinkimbinkimbi ngandlela thize, ngokuvamile, ubudlelwano obushiwo buvezwa ngokucacile ngokusebenzisa ijika elithile le-torque-speed.
Le jika ye-torque-speed motor icacisa umsebenzi wayo. Isibonelo: ijika lenjini enetorque (Mm) kanye netorque engazweli (Mi) njengomsebenzi wejubane layo (n).
Ukusebenza okulinganiselwe
Ukunyakaza kwemoto ezimweni zomsebenzi wemvelo eyenzelwe yona. I-Torque Elinganiselwe, Ikalwe Okwamanje, Isivinini Esilinganiselwe, lezi zizoba khona njengamavelu ngaleso sikhathi.
Izinjini ekuqaleni zinezici ezihlukile zokuqalisa zize zibambe futhi zisebenze esimweni sazo esijwayelekile noma esilinganiselwe. I-torque yegama isinika amandla okuzisholo kanye namandla okuzisholo noma okuphambene nalokho.
I-Nominal Torque= Mn= Pu/w, amandla awusizo ahlukaniswe isivinini se-angular ngama-radians/isekhondi.
W= (2π/60)x Isivinini esilinganiselwe ku-rpm(n)
Mn= (Pux60)/(2πxn)= Newton x Amamitha.
Uma sikwazile ukwenza injini ithwale umthwalo nge-resist torque (Mi), injini izojwayela isivinini sayo ize ithole ukwenyuka kwe-torque ye-motor (Mn) ekwazi ukudonsa umthwalo oyimishini. Lokhu kubhekwa ngesivinini esibizwa ngokuthi (n).
Uma kusetshenziswa i-torque ephakeme kakhulu, ijubane lizoncipha kuze kube yilapho kufinyelelwa ibhalansi phakathi kwetorque yemoto kanye netorque emelana. Uma i-torque emelana inkulu kunesilinganiso esiphezulu esingakhuphuka injini, izoma (isibonelo: Mmax = 2,5Mn).
Ukuzivocavoca:
I-Asynchronous Motor enezigaba Ezintathu inezici ezilandelayo: Amandla kagesi amuncwa ku-8Km Network; 400V, 50Hz, Cos Fi 0.85, Ukusebenza Kahle 93%, Stator Winding Pole Pairs 2, Isiliphu Somthwalo Ogcwele 4%. Bala i-torque ye-rotor.
Ingaba yini i-torque yokuqala kanye ne-torque ephezulu yale motor uma isici sayo sokusebenza sinjengoba kukhonjisiwe esithombeni esingezansi?
Umlingiswa wama-motor kagesi uboniswa ku-nameplate yemoto ngokwayo, ikakhulukazi, njengama-voltages, amandla, imvamisa, isivinini, izinga lamandla, isigaba sokufakelwa, isici samandla, uhlobo lwenkonzo, phakathi kwabanye.
Ukuqina kwenjini kungafinyelelwa kumandla okuzisholo noma amuncwa.
I-Pn= √3xnxVnxInx CosFi, lapho n ingukusebenza kahle kwenjini lapho ilayisha ngokugcwele.
Ukuzivocavoca:
Uma ufisa ukuxhuma injini yokungenisa engu-400/230V, 400Hz, 50Kw elinganiselwe amandla ezigaba ezintathu, 22% (91,7) ukusebenza kahle kokulayisha, 0,917 factor kanye nesivinini esingu-0,88 rpm ku-2,945V Three-Phase Network. Izodonsa kangakanani kulayini?
Isixazululo: 39,35A
Uma ufuna ukuthola enye idatha, njengokuziphatha enkonzweni ezimisweni ezihlukene zokulayisha, kuzodingeka ukuthi uye ezicini ezinikezwe kulwazi lobuchwepheshe lwesilinganiso samamotho athengiswayo ezigaba ezintathu ze-asynchronous anama-rotor ajikelezayo wepheya. Izigxobo kanye ne-50Hz.
Lapha sishiya isheke ukuze sibone ukuthi idatha yokuqina ilungile yini.
Uxhumano Olusongayo
Lapho isigaba ngasinye se-motor yezigaba ezintathu sixhunywe khona kukhona amakhoyili, akha i-stator winding ye-asynchronous motor. Lolu hlelo luhlukaniswa ngamaqembu amathathu, ahlanganiswe phakathi nendawo ye-stator.
Ikhoyili ngayinye ye-stator, kunezintathu, inamahhafu amabili abekwe ezindaweni eziphambene ngokuphathelene ne-stator. Ingxenye ngayinye izokwenza isigxobo sensimu kazibuthe (eNyakatho-Ningizimu). Amakhoyili angu-120 ° ngaphandle kwesigaba namanye.
Isivivinyo sokuvala amakhoyili, lapho okwamanje idlula kubo, insimu yamagnetic ibangelwa i-rotor. Kulokhu, ikhoyili ngayinye inezigxobo ezimbili, ngakho-ke injini izoba yi-bipolar.
Amakhoyili axhunywe esigabeni esifanayo (konke), axhunywe ngokulandelana enza i-winging eyodwa enesiqalo nesiphetho. Igcina izigaba ezintathu, izimiso ezintathu kanye neziphetho ezintathu, sekukonke kuneziphetho eziyisithupha, amatheminali noma amatheminali okufanele axhunywe.
Noma ngabe amakhoyili esigaba esisodwa axhumene uma kuqhathaniswa (ngezinye izikhathi angaba) usengathola isiqalo esithathu neziphetho ezintathu.
Kukhona ama-winding of the pole pair motor ezimbili bese kuba inkanyezi kanye ne-delta yokuxhumana kwama-winding.
Amatheminali nawo ajwayele ukubizwa ngo-U1-V1-W1 ekuqaleni kwama-windings kanye no-U2-V2-W2 ekugcineni.
Ukuvunguza kwe-Motors yezigaba ezintathu
Kulokhu okuthunyelwe, okuningi kwalokhu kuphikisana ngeke kudalulwe, ngoba kuyisici esakhayo nesingathandeki. Sizoshiya isithombe sokuthi i-36 stator ibukeka kanjani ekuvuleni ngakunye njengoba ikhoyili eyodwa ingashintsha futhi amakhoyili azoshintsha ndawonye ngokuvumelana nokumelwa.
Inombolo yezigxobo ingaba ngamapheya amabili noma izigxobo ezine seziphelele. Kunezindlela ezimbili ezihlukene zokuhlanganisa noma zokuxhuma iziphetho zamakhoyili e-stator ezibizwa ngokuthi inkanyezi uxhumano kanye noxhumano lwe-delta.
Ukungalingani kukagesi phakathi kwalokhu okubili:
- I-Voltage yeSigaba: Ingugesi phakathi kwesigaba nokungathathi hlangothi.
- I-Line Voltage: I-voltage ekhona phakathi kwezigaba ezimbili. I-LV= √3xVF. Uma isigaba singama-230, ulayini ungu-400V
Hlanganisa i-Delta Motor Windings
Lapha amakhoyili ahlala exhaswe yi-voltage yenethiwekhi yokuphakela amandla. Uma ukunikezwa kwamandla kwezigaba ezintathu kunethiwekhi kungu-400V (Vline), amakhoyili azohlala egqilazwe amandla kagesi awo angu-400V.
Fuse i-Windings ye-Star Motor
Ngokuba nephuzu elingathathi hlangothi kumongo elihlanganisa zonke iziphetho zamakhoyili, ahlala egqilazwe amandla kagesi ngokwawo aphakathi nesigaba nokungathathi hlangothi kwenethiwekhi, VF= VL/√3, okuthi uma i-VF I-400V ihlala isigqila ku-230V.
I-voltage yokuhlinzeka kufanele icatshangelwe ukuze ixube enkanyezini noma e-delta.
Nazi ezinye izibonelo zokusebenza kwamakhoyili kumotho, njengesiqalo senkanyezi:
Injini amakhoyili wayo asebenza ku-400V ekuhambeni kwayo okujwayelekile (okuvamile), uma ufuna ukuhlanganisa ugesi wezigaba ezintathu ongu-400V, singakwenza ku-delta.
Futhi enkanyezini, kodwa bazosebenza ku-voltage ephansi kunaleyo ehambisanayo, amakhoyili azosebenza ku-230V.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma kuyinjini esebenza ngamakhoyili angu-230V, uma sifuna ukuyihlanganisa nogesi ongu-400V, singakwenza kuphela enkanyezini, uma sikwenza ngonxantathu, amakhoyili ayancibilika.
I-coil working voltage: i-voltage ingatholakala epuleti lezimpawu. Futhi kuvame ukubonakaliswa ngale ndlela elandelayo:
I-200V/400 lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi ingahlanganiswa nenkanyezi ku-400V, ku-delta ingaba ku-220V. Ukusebenza kwemvelo kanye ne-voltage ephezulu esekelwa amakhoyili kuhlale kuyilowo okhonjiswe kunxantathu, kulokhu kungu-200V. Asikwazi neze ukweqa le voltage kuma-motor windings.
Uma sivumela le moto ukuthi ihlangane nenethiwekhi yezigaba ezintathu engu-400V phakathi nezigaba.
Njengoba ngizokwenza? Ngokwemvelo enkanyezini, endaweni eyi-delta amakhoyili ayeyoncibilika, ngoba ayezohlala ku-400V.
Kubalulekile ukubheka ukuxhumana kwamakhoyili ngaphambi kokuqala injini enezigaba ezintathu.
Ngokuvamile ama-motor avame ukuba ngu-400V/690V, ngenxa yokuthi amanethiwekhi ezigaba ezintathu angama-400V, yingakho ekwazi ukuhlanganisa izigaba ezintathu kunxantathu nasenkanyezini, noma kunjalo, kulokhu amakhoyili ahlala ku-230V. ukusebenza nge-voltage ephansi kunokujwayelekile.
Singaphetha ngala maphuzu alandelayo:
- 220/380V, ingahlanganiswa ibe yinethiwekhi engunxantathu oqondile ongu-220V. Inkanyezi kuphela kunethiwekhi ephakeme kuno-380V, ayilokothi ibe ku-delta kunethiwekhi engu-380V.
- 380/660V, ingahlanganiswa ibe i-delta engu-380V kanye nenethiwekhi yenkanyezi engu-660V. Uma siyihlanganisa enkanyezini kunethiwekhi engu-380V, amakhoyili azohlala ku-230V.
- 400/690V, ingahlanganiswa ne-delta engu-400V kanye nenkanyezi engu-690V. Uma siyihlanganisa enkanyezini, kunethiwekhi engu-400V amakhoyili azohlala esebenza ku-230V.
Ebhokisini letheminali, amamotho ahlukahlukene aphuma amatheminali ayisithupha afanele amawindi amathathu enjini, kanye netheminali yaphansi. Ukuthambekela kwamatheminali kwenziwa njalo ngendlela efanayo, ngokulandela imithetho yamazwe ngamazwe.
Ukuze uthole uxhumano lwenkanyezi, vele uhlanganise ama-jumpers okugcina e-ZXY ndawonye. Ukuxhumana kwe-delta kufinyelelwa ngohlelo ngokujoyina ama-terminal jumpers (VZ), (VX), (WY).
Ukuze uguqule isiqondiso sokujikeleza kwemoto, kufanele uguqule ukwakheka kwesinye sezigaba.
Ama-asynchronous motors aqala ngokungasizwa, kodwa kudinga ukuhlola amandla ogesi akhiqizwa ku-rotor ekuqaleni ngoba angenziwa.
Ibhokisi leTheminali
Iklanywe ngendlela yokuthi ukuvikelwa kwabaqhubi besigaba ngokumelene nokulimala kwe-dielectric ngaphakathi kwebhokisi kuqinisekiswa ngokuyinhloko ngokuhlukana okuqinile.
Izingxenye Eziyisisekelo Eziningi ze-Electric Motor
Njengemishini eminingi kagesi, i-motor kagesi yenziwa yi-Magnetic Circuit kanye nezimbili zikagesi, eyodwa etholakala engxenyeni esunguliwe (stator) kanti enye engxenyeni ehambayo (rotor).
Ukuqala injini
Uma i-motor ixhunywe ku-Mains, idonsa i-current enamandla kusukela emugqeni ngesikhathi iqalwa, okungase kuphazamise ukuqina kwemishini yokuxhuma, kuhlanganise nolayini ohlinzeka ngogesi.
Lawa misinga enamandla alayisha ngokweqile imigqa yokusabalalisa, ukuze akwazi ukukhiqiza i-voltage ephansi kanye nokushisa ngokweqile kumakhondakta ahlukene emigqa eshiwo.
Kungakho i-REBT (Electronic Low Voltage Regulation) idala imithetho yokwehlisa isiqalo samanje sibe ngamavelu anengqondo.
Emiyalweni yezobuchwepheshe, isilinganiso esiphezulu sivulwa phakathi kwamanje kokuqala kanye nomthwalo ogcwele wezigaba ezintathu ezishintshayo zamanje.
Imvamisa, ukuze kuncishiswe lokhu kumanje kokuqala kwenjini, kwenziwa ngokunciphisa i-voltage yayo. Kufanele kucatshangelwe ukuthi ukuncishiswa kwe-motor voltage yezigaba ezintathu nakho kunciphisa i-torque yayo.
Kunezindlela eziningana zokunciphisa ukuqala kwamanje ngokunciphisa i-voltage ye-motor yezigaba ezintathu:
- I-Star-delta iqala.
- Ukuqala ngama-stator resistors.
- Qala nge-autotransformer.
- I-Static boot
Bheka amajika angawodwana emotho enezigaba ezintathu kanye namandla adonswa injini ngesikhathi ngasinye. Leli ijika ngalinye lokuqala le-asynchronous ezintathu-phase motor:
IA= Ukuqala Amandla.
IN= Amandla Okuzisholo Ephuzwini Lomsebenzi.
MA: Iqala iTorque.
MB= I-Acceleration Torque (MmXML).
MK= Inani eliphakeme kakhulu le-torque.
MI = Layisha iTorque.
MM: I-Motor Torque (Indawo Yokusebenzela).
MN: I-Torque Yokulayisha Okuyigama.
n: Isivinini (inani lamanje).
nN: Isivinini Sokuzisholo endaweni Yokusebenzela.
nS: Isivinini sokuvumelanisa. (nS-nN= Isivinini Sokushelela).
Izinhlobo ze-Boot
Enye yamaphuzu abaluleke kakhulu we-motor kagesi yesigaba ezintathu ukuqala, okungeyona into ehlukile kubo bonke futhi kuye ngokuthi uhlobo lokuqala, amandla ayo kanye nokusebenza kunqunywa.
Ukuqala Okuqondile
Yiyo ezibonakalisa ngesikhathi sokuhlinzeka nge-voltage yayo yegama ngqo kumotho: ivunyelwe kuphela kumamotho anamandla alinganiselwe, i-4 noma i-5 CV kanye nesilinganiso sawo se-Istart/Inominal sifana noma ngaphansi kuka-4,5.
Ama-motor analolu hlobo lokuqala adweba inani eliphakeme lamanje ngesikhathi sokuqala, ukwakheka kwezikhathi ezi-4,5 kuye kweziyi-7 amandla okuzisholo futhi lokhu kukhiqiza i-torque yokuqala ekwakhekeni kwe-torque eyi-1,5 noma izikhathi ezi-2, lokhu kuzovumela lezi motors ukuthi iqalwe ngomthwalo ogcwele.
Lokhu kuqalisa kuzosetshenziswa kunkanyezi noma ku-delta, ngokuya ngamavelu we-voltage yama-mains kanye ne-voltage elinganiselwe yemoto kumodeli yokuxhuma ngayinye. Lokhu kuxhumana kwenkanyezi noma kwe-delta kwenziwa kuMotor ebhodini layo letheminali efanayo.
Ekumeleleni amandla nokulawula ukuqala okuqondile kwe-asynchronous motor enezigaba ezintathu ezine-rotor emfushane.
Ukucindezela i-S2 kuvula ikhoyili ye-contactor ye-KM1 bese kubangela ukuthi injini yezigaba ezintathu ivaleke.
Futhi ukuxhumana okuvulekile kwe-KM1:23-14 kuyavala futhi noma i-S2 icindezelwe, ikhoyili ihlala ixhaswe othintana naye osuka kuyo (impendulo noma i-latching).
Ngokuvamile, lesi sifanekiso sithuthukiswa ngezinto ezivikelayo ezifana neswishi yokuvikela imoto noma i-magneto-thermal switch ukuze kuvikelwe injini kumaza namasekhethi amafushane kanye nokudluliswa kwe-thermal ukuze kuphinde kuvikelwe injini ekushiseni ngokweqile.
I-Magneto-thermal Switch noma Ukhiye Oshisayo
Kuyindlela efanelekile yokumisa amandla kagesi a simulator yesifunda ugesi uma udlula amanani athile aphezulu. Isekelwe emiphumeleni emibili ebangelwa ukuhamba kwamandla kumjikelezo: I-magnetic kanye ne-thermal.
Umphumela wamagnetic
Eyaziwa nangokuthi amandla noma uzibuthe, akuyona into engaphezu kwesenzakalo semvelo, esingaba khona kumaminerali amaningi noma izinto ezibonakalayo, ikakhulukazi kumagnethi, ezenziwe nge-cobalt, insimbi ne-nickel, konke okwakha insimu kazibuthe.
umphumela oshisayo
Lapho i-current ihamba ngohlelo, iyashisa, kuye ngamandla kanye nesikhathi samanje esidlula ukumelana.
Umshini, ngakho-ke, wakhiwe izingxenye ezimbili, i-electromagnetic sheet kanye neshidi le-bimetallic, ekuxhumekeni okulandelanayo futhi lapho imanje eqondiswe kumthwalo idlula khona. Lezi zifana namafuse kanye i-transformer yezigaba ezintathu, Banomthwalo wemfanelo wokuvikela ukufakwa ekulayisheni ngokweqile kanye namasekethe amafushane.
Ukusebenza
Ukuze uqonde ukusebenza kwe-circuit breaker, kuyadingeka ukuqonda inqubo eyenzeka engxenyeni ngayinye yayo.
Isifunda esifushane
Okwamanje lapho i-current ihamba nge-electromagnet, i-voltage ikhiqizwa evula othintana naye, ngokusebenzisa idivayisi, lokhu kungavulwa kuphela uma i-current ehambayo inkulu kunomkhawulo obekiwe.
Isethi yokungenelela ephezulu ingenziwa izikhathi ezingu-30, inikeze incwadi ezingeni ngalinye lokuqina ngaphakathi kokushintsha, isenzo sayo siyingxenye yesine yomzuzwana, ngakho ukusabela kuyashesha kakhulu.
Umsebenzi wale ngxenye, njengoba negama layo lisho, ukunikeza isivikelo uma kwenzeka isifunda esifushane noma enyes izingozi zikagesi, Ngokuqondile kule ndawo lapho kunokwanda okusheshayo kokujikeleza kukagesi.
Isifunda esifushane senzeka lapho isigaba nokungathathi hlangothi kuhlangana ngephutha noma iphutha, okwandisa amandla amanje ngokushesha okukhulu.
Gcwalisa ngokweqile
Le ngxenye ibonakala ngokuba bomvu ngaphakathi kwesishintshi, lapho idlula izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, ikhubaza, ishintsha indawo, okuzokwenza ukuthi othintana naye avuleke ngomshini ohambisanayo. Lokhu kuqamba kwenziwa ngento eyaziwa ngokuthi ishidi le-bimetal.
Izinga lokulayisha ngokweqile, naphezu kokudlula amaleveli avunyelwe, ngingashintsha, asengaphansi kwezinga lokungenela.
Umsebenzi wesistimu yokulayisha ngokweqile ukuvikela i-motor yezigaba ezintathu uma kukhona ukwanda kwesidingo sikagesi lapho amadivaysi amaningi exhunyiwe ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Idivayisi eshisayo nekazibuthe isebenza ndawonye ukuze ivikele isistimu ekukhuphukeni kwamanje okungalimaza idivayisi.
Nqamula ngesandla
Idivayisi inomsebenzi wokunqamula othomathikhi, nokho, uma leli phutha likhona ithuba lokusika ukugeleza kwamanje ngesandla, ngaphezu kokuhlomisa kabusha idivayisi, nokho-ke lo msebenzi ngeke ube nomthelela uma ukunqanyulwa kukude kakhulu ngesikhathi sokulayisha ngokweqile noma kufushane. isifunda.
I-othomathikhi kangangokuthi idivayisi iyakwazi ukukhulula i-lever, ngisho noma ikhiyiwe ngesandla, lokhu kungenxa yekhono layo elizenzakalelayo lokukhulula i-lever futhi linqume okwamanje.
Ubumbano
Kukhona amadivaysi e-single-pole kanye nezigaba ezintathu ze-circuit breaker zokuvikelwa kwamanje, zonke zisebenza ngesimiso esifanayo, nakuba ezinye zinqamula ukunikezwa kwamanje okukodwa kanti ezinye zivala zonke izinto ezifakiwe.
Uma i-magneto-thermal switch inqamula zonke izinto ezikhona manje ezigabeni kanye nokungathathi hlangothi, kubizwa ngokuthi i-omnipolar switch.
Izici
Okuchaza uhlobo lokushintsha izici ezifana nenani lamaza nama-amps, amandla ohambo kanye nejika elisikiwe.
I-Star-Delta iyaqala
Lena yindlela esetshenziswa kakhulu futhi eyaziwayo kunazo zonke. Isetshenziselwa ukuqalisa izinjini ezinamandla kagesi angaphansi kuka-11Kw.
Uma senza uxhumano lwenkanyezi, amakhoyili ahlala esebenza ngaphansi kwe-voltage yezimpande engaphansi ngokuphindwe kathathu kunase-delta.
Ukuqala kwe-Delta kudinga amandla aphindwe kathathu kunakuqala kwenkanyezi, ku-voltage yamapayipi amakhulu. Uma uyixhuma i-star-delta, yamanje iphindwe kathathu kuneyenjini eqala injini ngenkanyezi.
Ebengakwenza kumamotho anezigaba ezintathu ukuwaqala enkanyezini futhi ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, ayimise ku-delta (imizuzwana emi-3 noma emi-4). Ibizwa ngokuthi unxantathu wenkanyezi.
Isekelwe ekuqaleni kwenjini, siyaqhubeka nokuthwebula ama-revolutions kancane, ngephethini yenkanyezi futhi ngemva kwesikhathi esithile iqhubekela egiyeni lemvelo kunxantathu.
Bheka amagrafu noma amajika alolu hlobo lwebhuthi.
Ukuqala kuyodingeka kwenze uxhumano ku-contactor K1 kanye ne-K3: (inkanyezi) ngemva kwemizuzwana embalwa bazokwazi ukuxhuma ku-delta nge-K1 futhi i-K2 ibizwa ngokuthi i-circuit yamandla (okukhiphayo).
Yilokhu okufanekiselwa isilawuli noma isifunda somyalo sibukeka.
Ukushintsha nje okushisayo okumisa injini uma izinga lokushisa liphezulu kakhulu. I-S1 izoba inkinobho yokuqala futhi i-S2 ibe inkinobho yokumisa.
Ikhoyili ye-KA1 iyireyi futhi ihlanganiswa ngesikhathi sokunqanyulwa lapho ikhoyili ye-KA1 ikhoyili ishintshashintsha ngokuma (i-KM3 iyekisiwe futhi i-KM2 icushiwe).
Lo othintana naye wenza umehluko ukusuka kunkanyezi kuye ku-delta. Isixhumi se-KM1 sisebenza ngaso sonke isikhathi noma sinquma injini nge-S2 noma uhambo oludluliswayo olushisayo.
Amandla kagesi
Amandla kagesi achazwa njengengxenye yamandla ehlangabezana nendlela kagesi yesikhathi. Ngemva kokuqonda amafomula, ungangena endabeni.
Lena indlela yokubala i- amandla kagesi angaba khona:
Ugesi: amandla nokumelana
Kuthiwa: Amandla alingana namandla ahlukaniswa yisikhathi. P=V*I.
Akhiwe ngamagama: Amandla(P) alingana ne-voltage (V) ephindaphindwa yamanje (I).
Yakhelwe ngamagama: I-Watt (w) ilingana ne-voltage (V) ephindaphindwa yamanje (I).
I-Star-Delta Eqala Ngokuhlehliswa Kokuzungezisa
I-motor ingasebenza ngokwewashi noma ngokuphambene newashi, lokhu kuzoncika emiyalweni enikezwe ama-pushbutton. Singaqala inkanyezi-delta ngokwewashi futhi siqale i-delta ngokuphikisana newashi.
I-Stator Resistance Pickup
Inesibopho sokunciphisa i-voltage ekhiqizwa yizici ezixhunywe ngokulandelana ochungechungeni nge-stator.
Njengoba isochungechungeni lwazo zonke izihluthulelo ezintsha kanye nalezo ezingaphakathi kwenjini, i-voltage entsha kanye nezangaphakathi, i-voltage ihlukaniswa phakathi kwama-resistors amasha nalawo enjini esebenza ku-voltage encane kunethiwekhi yokuqala.
Ngemva kwemizuzwana emihlanu, iphuzu lokumelana livela lapho injini iqala, ifakwa esimweni esivamile sokusebenza.
Ama-resistors aqondaniswe ukuze athole ukwehla ngo-70% ku-nominal voltage (Vn). Lolu hlobo lwesiqalisi lusetshenziswa kumamotho angama-25 Hp.
I-VMotor Winding Resistance= VF.
Ama-resistors amasha ngokulandelana.
Singakwazi nokubeka ama-resistors amabili kuma-series emoteni, esigabeni sokuqala iyancipha amanye bese kwesesibili izikhonya zombili. Ukubhutha kwenziwa ngezinyathelo ezintathu.
Ama-resistors aguquguqukayo angafakwa ngisho nakuma-resistor noma inani lawo lingashintshwa lize lehle libe ngu-0 ohms.
Le nqubo inenkinga yokuthi iyakwazi ukunciphisa okwamanje ngokulandelana, kusukela ekwehleni kwe-voltage ekhiqizwa kuma-resistors.
Nakuba isinyathelo sizohlala sincishisiwe ngesikwele sokwehla kwamandla kagesi, kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwaso kumamotho ngezikhathi zokuqalisa ukumelana kukhawulelwe.
Inzuzo yayo ukuqedwa kokumelana okuhlukene, ekupheleni kokuqaliswa kwamandla kagesi we-Motor iqala ukukhawulelwa futhi izenzakalo zesikhashana.
Qala nge-Autotransformer
Kubandakanya ukuxhuma i-autotransformer yezigaba ezintathu ekunikezeni amandla enjini. Ukuze ngale ndlela kungenzeka ukunciphisa i-voltage kanye nesiqalo samanje.
I-torque yokuqala ihlala iyancipha ngokuvumelana okufanayo namanje, isikwele se-voltage ehlile. Le nqubo inikeza isici sokuqala, kodwa ine-drawback yezindleko eziphezulu.
isiqalisi se-elekthronikhi
Lokhu kusetshenziselwa ukuqala njalo ku-motor ye-asynchronous yezigaba ezintathu.
Njengamanje, ngenxa yobuchwepheshe obusha, amadivaysi e-semiconductor yamandla (thyristors) athuthukisiwe, asebenzayo ukulawula nokukhawulela amandla amanje kanye ne-torque ngesikhathi ngasinye sokuqalisa.
Amapheya amathathu e-SCR (thyristors) ku-"anti-parallel connection" asetshenziselwa ukuqalisa i-Motor. I-algorithm isetshenziselwa ukuqapha amashothi nge-microprocessor.
Nakuba kuneziqalisi ezithambile nezikrini, isikhungo sokusetha imingcele ngezinkinobho zedijithali.
Ngalawa madivayisi, ngaphezu kokukhawulela amandla amanje futhi abangele ukuthi i-motor ithuthukise i-torque ye-motor yamanje ekulayisheni komshini kungakhathaliseki isivinini ngenxa yesiguquli se-fickle frequency.
Ngale ndlela, uma ufuna ukusekela i-torque engaguquki, ufaka ireferensi eqhubekayo ye-voltage/frequency ku-motor.
Lokhu kuqalisa kwenziwa kusetshenziswa i-voltage ne-frequency ekhuphuka njalo isuka ku-0 iye kumanani awo avamile.
Lawa madivaysi aqashelwa njengeziqalisi ezithambile, ngakho kungenzeka ukulungisa amajika ahlukahlukene okuqala futhi ngaleyo ndlela aqonde imithwalo yohlobo oluguquguqukayo.
Ukuguqulwa Kokuzungezisa Kwemoto
Ukuze uguqule ukujikeleza kwe-motor, kuyadingeka futhi ukuguqula isiqondiso senkambu ejikelezayo.
Lokhu kufinyelelwa ngokuhlehlisa ukuxhunywa kwezigaba ezimbili zezimoto. Lokhu kusebenza ngokuvamile kwenziwa kusetshenziswa ezishintshayo ekuqaleni contactors.
I-Speed Regulation
I-motor induction motor enezigaba ezintathu ikakhulukazi iyijubane noma isivinini esiqhubekayo, ngakho-ke kuyinkimbinkimbi ukuqinisekisa isivinini sayo. Ukuhlolwa kwe-induction motor kwenziwa ngenxa yomthamo wokungeniswa kanye nesici samandla kagesi aphansi. Nakuba ngezinye izikhathi kuyadingeka ukuhlola isivinini.
Ungakhohlwa isivinini semoto:
nS= (60XF)/P
Uma sifuna ukushintsha isivinini semoto kufanele siguqule inombolo yezigxobo (n) noma siguqule imvamisa yokunikezwa kwamandla ayo. Uma ukwazi ukushintsha okukodwa kwalokhu okuguquguqukayo sizobe sikwazile ukuqinisekisa isivinini.
Nge-thyristors, imvamisa ephakela injini ingalawulwa. Lokhu kufezwa ngokushintshana phakathi kwemikhawulo emikhulu yejubane lenjini.
Injini yesivinini ezimbili
Le moto enesivinini esiphindwe kabili inezici zokwakha zemoto evamile, ihluke kuphela kuma-windings, kuyilapho i-motor evamile, ukujika ngakunye kungokwesigaba, ku-motor ye-Dahlander i-single phase winding ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili ezifanayo ngompompi ophakathi.
Njengoba sixhuma amakhoyili la sizazuza isivinini esinensayo noma esisheshayo. Okufinyelelwe empeleni ukushintsha inani lamapheya e-pole of the winding.
Esethulweni esilandelayo sinomjikelezo wamandla wenjini enezigaba ezintathu enezigxobo eziguquguqukayo zesivinini ezimbili ngokuxhuma kwe-Dahlander.
Ijubane eliphansi lifinyelelwa ngesikhathi se-contactor ye-KM1 futhi isebenze ngokuhambisana nezixhumi ze-KM2 ne-kM3.
Ukulawula Isivinini ngama-Windings Ahlukene noma Azimele
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenzeka ukufeza izivinini ezimbili ezihlukene zokuzungezisa ngokuphuma kokubili okukude. Ijika ngalinye linezigxobo eziningana ngokwejubane elilindelekile.
Kuye nge-accrual engaxhunywa, izofinyelela isivinini esisodwa noma esinye. Ngathi yizinjini ezimbili eziyisigamu.
Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ukuqala "ingxenye ye-motor" kuphela kucishwa ngokuqondile ku-voltage egcwele ku-mains, ehlukanisa isiqalo samanje kusuka ku-torque ngamabili noma ngaphansi.
Nakuba, i-torque inkulu kunaleyo engahlinzekwa ukuqala kwenkanyezi ye-squirrel-cage motor enezigaba ezintathu yamandla anjalo. Lapho kuqedwa ukuqalisa, ukujikajika okulandelayo kunamathela kunethiwekhi.
Lapho isiqongo samanje siphansi futhi sinokuqina okuncane, ngenxa yenjini engazange isuke kunethiwekhi yokuphakelwa kwamandla futhi ukufuduka kwayo kuba buthakathaka. Le nqubo isetshenziswa kancane eYurophu, kodwa emakethe yaseMelika ivame kakhulu.
I-Temporizador
Kuyidivayisi enekhono lokuqapha isekethe exhunyiwe noma enqanyuliwe. Lokhu kungaba ngumshini, owomoya, okagesi, owakhiwe ngamanzi noma ngogesi, phakathi kokunye.
Kuyini?
Le divayisi ingasetshenziswa kuzo zonke izinhlobo zokusetshenziswa. Ezintweni ezihlobene nobuchwepheshe, izinto zikagesi, ukusetshenziswa kwasekhaya, izilingisi ezinembayo zazo zonke izinhlobo, imisebenzi ehlobene neziqhumane kanye nesayensi yezinto eziphilayo.
Singakubona futhi kuma-timers, omakhalekhukhwini, imishini yasekhishini, izinto zikagesi zazo zonke izinhlobo, izilawuli kude ukuhlela nokuvala kwazo ngezikhathi ezithile, ekukhanyisweni kwamabhizinisi nasemakhaya, zisetshenziswa kuma-laboratories be-biological ukuthatha isikhathi ukuchayeka kwezinto ezisebenzayo kanye nasekuqhunyisweni kweziqhumane, nokwenza ukuhlaziya kuphelele.
Kusebenza kanjani
Noma ngabe iyisiphi isikhathi ngempela, zonke zibuswa yimbangela efanayo. Lapho uthatha i-pulse, ukushintshaniswa koxhumana nabo kwenziwa, okuthi ekupheleni kwesikhathi esihleliwe, ngokushesha kuzivuselele endaweni yayo yokuqala.
Izinhlobo Zesibali sikhathi
Isibali sikhathi singahlukaniswa ngezindlela ezimbili: sihlukanise ngendlela esisabela ngayo ekushayeni noma ngokomgomo wokusebenza kwaso.
Ngokusho kwe-Pulse Reaction zihlukaniswa kanje:
Ku-Timer
Ngokwamukela ukushaya kwenhliziyo okuvulayo, isikhathi esihleliwe siqala ukusebenza. Ekupheleni kwesikhathi, kuye ngohlobo lwesibali sikhathi, abathintwayo bayavula noma bavale.
Nqamula Isibali sikhathi
Lolu hlobo lwesibali-sikhathi lunokushaya kwenhliziyo okukhanya kancane kancane, ngakho ukumiswa kwalo kukhiqiza ukuphazamiseka njengesignali yokubuyela koxhumana nabo abavamile ekupheleni kokubala okushiwo.
I-Single Pulse Timer
Lesi sibali sikhathi sinamandla okuvulwa ukuze ulawule isikhathi esimisiwe ngokushaya kwesikhashana kobude obufushane kakhulu.
Ngokusho kwesimiso sokusebenza, zihlukaniswa kanje:
Isibali sikhathi seTire
Lolu hlobo lwedivayisi lusebenza ngokuhlanganiswa kokuthathu kodwa ngokomthetho lusebenza ngamandla omoya:
Ama-valve amabili, i-throttle eyodwa engabuyi, enye ene-spring return, idivayisi yomoya.
I-valve yokuminyanisa ilawula inani lomoya futhi lapho igcwaliswa, enye i-valve iyashintsha indawo yayo ukuze ithumele isignali futhi iqedele isibali sikhathi.
Isikhathi esine-synchronous Motor
Ukusebenza kwalesi sigaba sedivayisi kufana nalokho okusetshenziswa ekwenzeni amawashi, kodwa esikhundleni samandla emishini, lezi zinikezwa amandla kagesi ophuma ezinjini; ukuguqulwa kwesikhundla se-contactor kwenziwa nge-electromagnetic inference.
Isibali sikhathi esishisayo
Zenziwe ikhoyili exhunywe eshidini le-bimetallic. Ikhoyili yamukela amandla aqhubekayo ngendlela kagesi nge-transformer, ngaleyo ndlela ishidi liyashisa, lishintshe ukuma kwalo kanye nokugoba ngenxa yombala kuze kube yilapho lixhumeka noma lehliswe kukhoyili, liqala ukuphela kwesikhathi esimisiwe.
Isibali sikhathi sikagesi
Lolu hlobo lwesibali-sikhathi lusekelwe esimisweni sokushaja nokukhipha, kusetshenziswa ukumelana kukagesi okusetshenziswe ku-electrolytic capacitor ezokwamukela okwamanje uma isikhathi siqala ukubala, nalapho isikhathi esimisiwe siphela, abathintwayo benziwa kazibuthe.
Izingxenye Zesibali sikhathi
Izikhathi zenziwa izingxenye ezihlukene, zenziwa ngezindlela ezahlukene futhi zinezakhi zokusebenza ezifanayo.
Izibali sikhathi zikagesi zihlanganiswe neziphethu, amantongomane namagiya, kanti isibali sikhathi sikagesi sidinga ama-capacitor namasekhethi ahlanganisiwe.
Izingxenye ezijwayelekile abavame ukwabelana ngazo yilezi ezilandelayo:
- Entwasahlobo: ngayo, ukusekelwa kuhlangana nekhamera.
- Ukusekela: iwumkhakha ohlukanisa ikhamera entwasahlobo, inemibiko yenkomishi esakhiweni sayo.
- I-Cam: Ihlangana nosekelo ngemuva kokuvulwa yintwasahlobo, ivule ukubala kwesikhathi.
- I-eksisi: ukusekelwa okuqondile kwesakhiwo.
- Intwasahlobo yeNdebe: ingaphakathi kokusekelwa, ziyazwela futhi zicupha ukusebenza kwe-timer lapho ukusekelwa kwehliswa isenzo sentwasahlobo.
- Intwasahlobo yokucindezela: ibekwe ngakolunye uhlangothi kuya entwasahlobo eyenza isibali sikhathi sisebenze, lapho sithola khona ukucindezela komfutho okhiqizwayo lapho kuqaliswa isibali sikhathi.
- Othintana naye ngeselula: ngokwendawo yekhamera, ukusekelwa neziphethu, izonyakaza, ibale noma imise isibali sikhathi.
I-servomotor
Ziyimodeli yemoto ekhethekile, lezi zinikeza kalula ukulawula ukubekwa kwe-axis nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Yakhelwe ngaphansi komsebenzi wokunyakaza nokubeka endaweni ethile nokuhlala ugxilile kuyo.
Okubizwa ngokuthi ama-DC motors, lapho sithola khona kumathoyizi enza umsebenzi othile, lawa ma-motor azungeza angami, awakwazi ukujikeleza futhi ajikeleze futhi ahlale eqinile endaweni eyodwa, ama-DC motors angakwazi ukuzungeza njalo kuze kube yilapho ugesi unqanyulwa.
Ama-Servo motors yiwo asetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwamarobhothi, yilawa awanika amandla okunyakaza bese ehlala eqinile.
Izinhlobo
Ukusetshenziswa okunikezwa ama-servomotors kubanzi kakhulu, kusukela embonini, ngokusebenzisa imishini yokunyathelisa, amathoyizi, amarobhothi.
Lokhu kungahlukaniswa ngokuya ngokunyakaza kwayo:
Injini ye-servo eshintshayo elinganiselwe
Lezi zivame kakhulu, zizungeza kuphela ku-180 °, ngakho azikwazi ukujika ngokuphelele ku-eksisi yazo.
i-servomotor ejikelezayo eqhubekayo
Lawa ma-servomotor aphenduka ngokugcwele anamandla okujikeleza ku-axis yawo engu-360 °, naphezu kwalokhu ukusebenza kwawo kucishe kufane nokwemoto elula, kungumehluko ongakwazi ukulawula ukunyakaza, isivinini kanye nesimo.
izinhlelo zokusebenza zemoto kagesi
Akunakwenzeka ukubiza yonke imishini kanye nokusetshenziswa okunganikezwa injini kagesi enezigaba ezintathu, nasi isifinyezo sokushintshwa okuyinhloko kwalawa ma-motor:
- Ama-Compressors: le divayisi kagesi isetshenziselwa ukunciphisa umthamo woketshezi futhi ngenxa yalokho ikhulise ukucindezela kwayo, iguqule ibe yigesi.
- Amaphampu amanzi: ukulawula ingcindezi, ukungena noma ukugcwaliswa kwamanzi kunoma iyiphi indawo efana nethangi noma ichibi.
- Amakheshi kagesi noma kagesi, awaziwa nangokuthi amakheshi, okuthutha abantu noma izinto.
- Izitebhisi zikagesi noma zemishini, kufanele usebenze zidinga injini kagesi enezigaba ezintathu.
- I-air conditioning, izimboni kanye nomuntu ngamunye, zombili zisebenza nge-motor enezigaba ezintathu.
- Amasango, amarempu, umoya omncane.
Lokhu ukubuka okulula kuzo zonke izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezisebenzisa izinjini zikagesi, kanye nezimboni eziwadingayo, kusukela emakhaya, ezibhedlela, kuya ezimbonini ezinkulu zokukhiqiza nezokucubungula.
Ama-motor kagesi, ngaphezu kokuba namakhulu amabili, nawo anobukhulu obuhlukahlukene, kuye ngokusetshenziswa okuzonikezwa, yingakho inani labo lihluka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amandla adingekayo ocezu ngalunye lwemishini ahlukile, ngakho-ke kukhona injini kagesi enezigaba ezintathu yazo zonke izidingo.
Mayelana nobuso bokwakha, kubalulekile ukugqamisa ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezanele emakethe, eziningi zazo ezinezicelo ezithile. Kulokhu okuthunyelwe sibhekana kuphela nezisetshenziswa kakhulu, nemininingwane yokusebenza kwazo, ukusetshenziswa kanye nemininingwane.