text:
UHlu Lwezincazelo Zamagama AseBhayibhelini
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V Z
A
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Abhi.
Yigama lenyanga ka-5 ekhalendeni elingcwele lamaJuda nelenyanga ka-11 ekhalendeni elivamile elavela ngemva kokudingiselwa eBhabhiloni. Yayiqala phakathi noJulayi iye maphakathi no-Agasti. Ayibiziwe ngegama eBhayibhelini; imane ibizwe ngokuthi “inyanga yesihlanu.” (Num 33:38; Ezr 7:9)—Bheka iSithasiselo B15.
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Abhibhi.
Igama lokuqala lenyanga yokuqala ekhalendeni elingcwele lamaJuda, inyanga yesikhombisa ekhalendeni elivamile. Lisho “iziKhwebu Eziluhlaza (zoKudla Okusanhlamvu)” futhi yayiqala phakathi noMashi iye maphakathi no-Ephreli. Ngemva kokubuya kwamaJuda eBhabhiloni, yabizwa ngokuthi uNisani. (Dut 16:1)—Bheka iSithasiselo B15.
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Adari.
Yigama lenyanga ka-12 ekhalendeni elingcwele lamaJuda nelenyanga ka-6 ekhalendeni elivamile elavela ngemva kokudingiselwa eBhabhiloni. Yayiqala phakathi noFebhuwari iye maphakathi noMashi. (Est 3:7)—Bheka iSithasiselo B15.
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isAga.
Amazwi anokuhlakanipha noma indatshana efundisa isifundo noma eveza iqiniso elibalulekile ngamazwi ambalwa kakhulu. Isaga seBhayibheli singase sibe yinkulumo ephicayo. Isaga siveza iqiniso ngolimi oluwubuciko, ngokuvamile ngokungathekisa. Ezinye izaga zagcina seziyinkulumo evamile yokwenza inhlekisa ngabantu abathile noma yokubadelela.—Shu 12:9; 2Pe 2:22.
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i-Akhaya.
EmiBhalweni YamaKristu YesiGreki, yisifundazwe saseRoma esiseningizimu yeGrisi, inhloko-dolobha yaso iseKorinte. I-Akhaya yayihlanganisa yonke iPeloponnese nendawo emaphakathi yezwe laseGrisi. (IzE 18:12)—Bheka iSithasiselo B13.
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i-Alabhaste.
Yigama lamabhodlela amakha amancane ekuqaleni ayenziwe ngetshe elalitholakala eduze kwase-Alabastron, eGibhithe. Lawo mabhodlela ayevame ukuba nentamo encane evalekayo ukuze kungabi namakha ayigugu aphumayo. Nalo leli tshe labe selaziwa ngaleli gama.—Mar 14:3.
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i-Alamoti.
Yigama lasemculweni elisho “iziNtombi,” cishe libhekisela kuyisoprano yezintombi. Cishe yayisetshenziselwa ukubonisa ukuthi iculo noma insimbi yomculo kwakumelwe iculelwe phezulu.—1Kr 15:20; Hu 46:Umbhalo ongenhla.
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u-Alfa no-Omega.
Amagama ezinhlamvu zokuqala nezokugcina kuma-alfabhethi esiGreki; asetshenziswe ndawonye kathathu encwadini yesAmbulo njengesiqu sikaNkulunkulu. Kula mavesi le nkulumo isho okufanayo nokuthi “owokuqala nowokugcina” nokuthi “isiqalo nesiphetho.”—IsA 1:8; 21:6; 22:13.
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i-Altare.
Indawo ephakeme noma ipulatifomu eyenziwe ngodaka, amadwala, itshe, noma ngokhuni olumbozwe ngensimbi okwakunikelwa kuyo imihlatshelo noma impepho yokukhulekela. Egunjini lokuqala letabernakele nelethempeli, kwakukhona “i-altare” elincane “legolide” okwakunikelwa kulo impepho. Lalenziwe ngokhuni oluhuqwe ngegolide. Ngaphandle egcekeni ‘kwakune-altare’ elikhulu “lethusi” okwakunikelwa kulo imihlatshelo eshiswayo. (Eks 27:1; 39:38, 39; Gen 8:20; 1Kh 6:20; 2Kr 4:1; Luk 1:11)—Bheka iSithasiselo B5 no-B8.
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Amen.
“Makube njalo,” noma “ngokuqinisekile.” Leli gama livela egameni lesiHebheru elithi ʼa·manʹ, elisho “ukwethembeka, ukwethenjelwa.” Elithi “Amen” lalishiwo lapho umuntu evumelana nesifungo, umthandazo noma inkulumo ethile. Encwadini yesAmbulo, lisetshenziswe njengesiqu sikaJesu.—Dut 27:26; 1Kr 16:36; IsA 3:14.
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isi-Aramu.
Ulimi lwamaSemite oluhlobene kakhulu nesiHebheru, lusebenzisa izinhlamvu ezifanayo. Lwaqale lwakhulunywa ama-Aramu, kodwa kamuva lwaba ulimi olukhulunywa emhlabeni wonke olusetshenziswa kwezohwebo nasekuxhumaneni embusweni wase-Asiriya nowaseBhabhiloni. Sasiwulimi olusemthethweni naseMbusweni WamaPheresiya. (Ezr 4:7) Izingxenye ezithile zencwadi ka-Ezra, kaJeremiya nekaDaniyeli zazibhalwe ngesi-Aramu.—Ezr 4:8–6:18; 7:12-26; Jer 10:11; Dan 2:4b–7:28.
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umAramu; ama-Aramu.
Yinzalo yendodana kaShemi, u-Aramu, eyayihlala ezindaweni Gen 25:20; Dut 26:5; Hos 12:12.ezazisuka eziNtabeni ZaseLebhanoni kuye eMesophothamiya, nezazisuka eziNtabeni ZaseTaurus enyakatho kwehle kuye eDamaseku kuze kuyofika ngale eningizimu. Le ndawo, ebizwa ngokuthi i-Aramu ngesiHebheru, kamuva yabizwa ngokuthi iSiriya, abantu bakhona babizwa ngokuthi amaSiriya.—
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i-Areyophagu.
Yigquma eliphakeme elise-Athene, enyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Acropolis. Yayiphinde ibe yigama lomkhandlu (inkantolo) owawubambela imihlangano khona. UPawulu walethwa e-Areyophagu yizazi zamaStoyiku nama-Epikhuru ukuze achaze izinkolelo zakhe.—IzE 17:19.
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i-Armagedoni.
Livela egameni lesiHebheru elithi Har Meghid·dohnʹ, elisho “iNtaba YaseMegido.” Leli gama lihlotshaniswa ‘nempi yosuku olukhulu lukaNkulunkulu uMninimandla Onke’ okuyobuthana kuyo ‘amakhosi omhlaba wonke owakhiwe’ ukuze alwe noJehova. (IsA 16:14, 16; 19:11-21)—Bheka USIZI OLUKHULU.
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i-Aselgeia.
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u-Ashitoreti.
Unkulunkulukazi wempi nenzalo wamaKhanani, umkaBhali.—1Sa 7:3.
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i-Asiya.
EmiBhalweni YamaKristu YesiGreki, iyigama lesifundazwe saseRoma esasihlanganisa ingxenye esentshonalanga yeTurkey yanamuhla, kanye nezinye zeziqhingi ezingasolwandle njengeSamo nePhatmose. Inhloko-dolobha kwakuyi-Efesu. (IzE 20:16; IsA 1:4)—Bheka iSithasiselo B13.
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u-Azazeli.
Yigama lesiHebheru cishe elisho “Imbuzi Enyamalalayo.” NgoSuku Lokuhlawulelwa, imbuzi eyayinikwe u-Azazeli yayiyiswa ehlane, ngokomfanekiso ithwale izono zesizwe zonyaka odlule.—Lev 16:8, 10.
B
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isiBambiso.
Impahla yomuntu obolekayo ayinikeza umbolekisi eqinisekisa ukuthi imali ebolekiwe izobuya. Sasibizwa nangokuthi isiqinisekiso. UMthetho KaMose wawunemiyalo ephathelene nezibambiso ukuze kuvikelwe abampofu namalungu esizwe angenamuntu ozowavikela.—Eks 22:26; Hez 18:7.
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iBandla.
Yiqembu labantu abahlangene ndawonye ngenjongo ethile noma ngomsebenzi othile. EmiBhalweni YesiHebheru, livame ukubhekisela esizweni sakwa-Israyeli. EmiBhalweni YamaKristu YesiGreki, libhekisela emabandleni amaKristu kodwa kaningi lisuke libhekisela ebandleni lobuKristu.—1Kh 8:22; IzE 9:31; Rom 16:5.
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ubuBanzi besandla.
Indlela yokukala elingana cishe nokusuka ekupheleni kwesithupha kuya ekupheleni kukacikicane lapho isandla sivuliwe. Uma sisusela engalweni engu-44,5 cm, ububanzi besandla bungaba ngu-22,2 cm ubude. (Eks 28:16; 1Sa 17:4)—Bheka iSithasiselo B14.
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ukuBeka izandla.
Izandla zazibekwa kumuntu ukuze amiselwe umsebenzi okhethekile noma isibusiso, elashwe, noma anikwe isipho somoya ongcwele. Ngezinye izikhathi izandla zazibekwa ezilwaneni ngaphambi kokuba zenziwe umhlatshelo.—Eks 29:15; Num 27:18; IzE 19:6; 1Ti 5:22.
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uBhali.
Unkulunkulu wamaKhanani obhekwa njengomnikazi wesibhakabhaka, onisa imvula nowenza abantu babe nenzalo. Elithi “Bhali” lalisetshenziswa nanjengesiqu sonkulunkulu abancane bendawo. Leli gama lesiHebheru lisho “Umnikazi; Inkosi.”—1Kh 18:21; Rom 11:4.
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umBhali.
Umkopishi wemiBhalo YesiHebheru. Ngesikhathi uJesu efika emhlabeni, leli gama lase lisho amadoda athile anolwazi loMthetho. Ababhali babemphikisa uJesu.—Ezr 7:6, umbhw.; Mar 12:38, 39; 14:1.
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umBhalo; imiBhalo.
Yimibhalo engcwele yeZwi likaNkulunkulu. Le nkulumo ivela kuphela emiBhalweni YamaKristu YesiGreki.—Luk 24:27; 2Ti 3:16.
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umBhalo ongenhla.
Isihloko esisekuqaleni kwehubo esichaza umbhali walo, sinikeze isizinda, sinikeze indlela okufanelwe liculwe ngayo, noma sichaze injongo yehubo noma ukuthi lisetshenziswa kuphi.—Bheka imibhalo engenhla yeHubo 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 30, 38, 60, 92, 102.
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uBhapathizo; Bhapathiza.
Lesi senzo sisho “ukucwilisa,” noma ukufaka ngaphansi kwamanzi. UJesu wenza ubhapathizo lwaba imfuneko kubalandeli bakhe. ImiBhalo ikhuluma nangobhapathizo lukaJohane, ubhapathizo lomoya ongcwele nobhapathizo lomlilo phakathi kokunye.—Mat 3:11, 16; 28:19; Joh 3:23; 1Pe 3:21.
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iBhathi.
Isikali sento ewuketshezi elinganiselwa ku-22 L, ngokwemivubukulo eyatholwa yezingcezu zikajeke onaleli gama. Izikali eziningi zezinto ezomile neziwuketshezi eBhayibhelini zikalwa ngokomthamo webhathi. (1Kh 7:38; Hez 45:14)—Bheka iSithasiselo B14.
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uBhelizebhubhe.
Yigama elibhekisela kuSathane, inkosi noma umbusi wamademoni. Cishe yigama elisuselwa kuBhali-zebhubhe, uBhali owayekhonzwa amaFilisti e-Ekroni.—2Kh 1:3; Mat 12:24.
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uBhoko.
Yinduku ende enensimbi ecijile phambili eyayisetshenziswa abelusi ukuze baqondise isilwane. Ubhoko luqhathaniswa namazwi omuntu ohlakaniphile enza umuntu olalele asebenzise iseluleko esihlakaniphile. “Ukukhahlela izimboko” kususelwa esenzweni senkunzi enenkani engafuni ukuqondiswa ngobhoko elukhahlelayo, okuyinto egcina iyilimaza.—IzE 26:14; Hlu 3:31.
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ukuBhula; Isibuya.
Ukubhula ukukhipha okusanhlamvu ezinhlangeni nasemakhobeni; isibuya yindawo okwakwenzelwa kuyo lo msebenzi. Kwakubhulwa ngesandla kusetshenziswa induku, noma uma kubhulwa into eningi, kusetshenziswe ithuluzi elikhethekile, njengesihlibhi sokubhula noma ithuluzi elinamasondo elidonswa yizilwane. Leli thuluzi lalihamba phezu kokusanhlamvu okwendlalwe esibuyeni, okwakuyindawo eqondile eyindilinga ngokuvamile eyayisendaweni ephakeme echayeke emoyeni.—Lev 26:5; Isay 41:15; Mat 3:12.
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umBikezeli wekusasa.
Umuntu othi ukwazi ukubikezela izinto ezingakenzeki. Abapristi abenza imilingo, izangoma, ababhula ngezinkanyezi, nabanye babizwa kanjalo eBhayibhelini.—Lev 19:31; Dut 18:11; IzE 16:16.
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umBoni.
Umuntu onikwe nguNkulunkulu amandla okuqonda intando yaKhe, umuntu owayevulwe amehlo ukuze abone noma aqonde izinto ezazingekho obala kwabanye abantu. Leli gama lesiHebheru lithathwe esiqwini segama elisho “ukubona,” kungaba ngokoqobo noma ngokomfanekiso. Umboni umuntu abanye ababeya kuye ukuze bathole iseluleko esihlakaniphile lapho bebhekana nezinkinga.—1Sa 9:9.
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umBonisi.
Indoda ngokuyinhloko enomthwalo wokuqapha nokwalusa ibandla. Umqondo oyisisekelo wegama lesiGreki elithi e·piʹsko·pos, ukuqapha ngenjongo yokuvikela. Amagama athi “umbonisi” nelithi “umdala” (pre·sbyʹte·ros) abhekisela emsebenzini ofanayo ebandleni lobuKristu. Elithi “umdala” libonisa ukuvuthwa kwalowo omisiwe, kanti elithi “umbonisi” liqokomisa imisebenzi ehambisana nalokho kumiswa.—IzE 20:28; 1Ti 3:2-7; 1Pe 5:2.
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Buli.
Igama lenyanga ka-8 yekhalenda lamaJuda elingcwele nenyanga yesibili yekhalenda elivamile. Livela egameni elisho ukuthi “veza; khiqiza,” yayiqala maphakathi no-Okthoba kuya maphakathi noNovemba. (1Kh 6:38)—Bheka iSithasiselo B15.
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umBumbi.
Umuntu owenza izimbiza, izindishi nezinye izitsha zobumba. Igama lesiHebheru elithi umbumbi ngokwezwi nezwi lisho “umenzi.” Igunya umbumbi analo obumbeni livame ukusetshenziselwa ukufanekisela ubukhosi bukaJehova phezu kwabantu ngabanye nezizwe.—Isay 64:8; Rom 9:21.
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umBusi wesifundazwe.
Undunankulu embusweni waseBhabhiloni nowasePheresiya. Umbusi wesifundazwe wayemiswa yinkosi ukuba abe umbusi oyinhloko.—Ezr 8:36; Dan 6:1.
C
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imiCengezi yomlilo.
Izinto ezazenziwe ngegolide, ngesiliva, noma ngethusi, zazisetshenziswa etabernakele nasethempelini ukuze kushiswe impepho futhi kukhishwe amalahle e-altare lomhlatshelo nezintambo zezibani ezishile ezintini zezibani zegolide. Yayibizwa nangokuthi izitsha zokushisa impepho.—Eks 37:23; 2Kr 26:19; Heb 9:4.
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iChibi lomlilo.
Yindawo engokomfanekiso ‘evutha umlilo nesibabule,’ ibuye ichazwe ngokuthi “ukufa kwesibili.” Izoni ezingaphenduki, uDeveli, ngisho nokufa neThuna (noma, iHayidesi) kuphonswa kuyo. Ukuhlanganiswa kwesidalwa somoya kanye nokufa neHayidesi, konke okuyizinto ezingenakushiswa umlilo, kubonisa ukuthi leli chibi lingokomfanekiso, akulona elokuhlushwa phakade, kodwa ngelokubhujiswa phakade.—IsA 19:20; 20:14, 15; 21:8.
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uChoko; umuntu onochoko.
Yisifo sesikhumba esibi kakhulu. EmiBhalweni, uchoko luhilela okungaphezu kwesifo esaziwa ngokuthi uchoko namuhla, ngoba asigcini ngokuhlasela abantu nje kuphela, kodwa nezingubo zokugqoka kanye nezindlu. Umuntu ophethwe isifo sochoko kuthiwa unochoko.—Lev 14:54; Luk 5:12.
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iCilongo.
Ithuluzi lensimbi elifuthwayo, elisetshenziselwa umculo noma ukunikeza abantu uphawu. NgokukaNumeri 10:2, uJehova wanikeza iziyalezo zokuba kwenziwe amacilongo amabili esiliva ayezosetshenziselwa ukunikeza uphawu lokubizela abantu ndawonye, lokuba kudilizwe amatende noma lokuba kumenyezelwe impi. Cishe lawa kwakungamacilongo aqondile, ngokungafani “nezimpondo” ezigwegwile ezazenziwe ngezimpondo zezilwane. Amacilongo ayenziwe ngendlela engachaziwe nawo ayephakathi kwezinsimbi zomculo ezazisethempelini. Ukukhala kwamacilongo okungokomfanekiso kuvame ukuhambisana nokumenyezelwa kwezahlulelo zikaJehova noma ezinye izenzakalo ezivela kuNkulunkulu.—2Kr 29:26; Ezr 3:10; 1Ko 15:52; IsA 8:7–11:15.
D
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uDagoni.
Unkulunkulu wamaFilisti. Umsuka waleli gama akuqinisekwa ngawo, kodwa ezinye izazi zilihlobanisa negama lesiHebheru elithi dagh (inhlanzi).—Hlu 16:23; 1Sa 5:4.
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umDala; Indoda endala.
Yindoda evuthiwe ekhulile ngeminyaka, kodwa emiBhalweni, ngokuyinhloko ingumuntu onegunya nesibopho emphakathini noma esizweni. Leli gama liphinde lisetshenziswe lapho kukhulunywa ngezidalwa zasezulwini encwadini yesAmbulo. Igama lesiGreki elithi pre·sbyʹte·ros lihunyushwe ngokuthi “umdala” lapho libhekisela kulabo abaholayo ebandleni.—Eks 4:29; IzA 31:23; 1Ti 5:17; IsA 4:4.
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iDarike.
Uhlamvu lwegolide lwasePheresiya olunesisindo esingu-8,4 g. (1Kr 29:7)—Bheka iSithasiselo B14.
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iDekapholi.
Yiqembu lamadolobha amaGreki, laqale lakhiwa amadolobha ayishumi (lisuselwa egameni lesiGreki elithi deʹka, elisho “ishumi,” nelithi poʹlis, elisho “idolobha”). Kwakuphinde kube yigama lesifunda esisempumalanga yoLwandle LwaseGalile noMfula iJordani, lapho kwakukhona khona amaningi ala madolobha. Ayeyizikhungo zesiko lamaGreki nezohwebo. UJesu wadabula kulesi sifunda, kodwa akukho okulotshiwe ngokuvakashela kwakhe elinye lala madolobha. (Mat 4:25; Mar 5:20)—Bheka iSithasiselo A7 no-B10.
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amaDemoni.
Izidalwa zomoya ezimbi ezingabonakali ezinamandla angaphezu kwawomuntu. Zibizwa ngokuthi “amadodana kaNkulunkulu weqiniso” kuGenesise 6:2 nangokuthi ‘izingelosi’ kuJude 6, azidalwanga zizimbi; kunalokho, zaziyizingelosi ezaziphendula zona izitha zikaNkulunkulu ngokungamlaleli ngosuku lukaNowa nangokuzihlanganisa noSathane zadlubulunda zamelana noJehova.—Dut 32:17; Luk 8:30; IzE 16:16; Jak 2:19.
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uDenariyu.
Uhlamvu lwemali lwesiliva lwamaRoma olwalunesisindo esingaba ngu-3,85 g, lwalunesithombe sikaKhesari kolunye uhlangothi. Lwaluwumholo wosuku wesisebenzi futhi ‘luyintela yekhanda’ eyayifunwa amaRoma kumaJuda. (Mat 22:17; Luk 20:24)—Bheka iSithasiselo B14.
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uDeveli.
Yigama elichaza uSathane emiBhalweni YamaKristu YesiGreki, elisho “uMnyundeli.” USathane waqanjwa igama elithi Develi ngenxa yokuthi ungumnyundeli omkhulu nowokuqala nommangaleli wamanga kaJehova, wezwi laKhe elihle, nowegama laKhe elingcwele.—Mat 4:1; Joh 8:44; IsA 12:9.
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ukuDingiswa.
Ukuxoshwa komuntu ezweni lakubo noma ekhaya lakhe, ngokuvamile okusuke kugunyazwe abanqobi. Yigama lesiHebheru elisho “ukuhamba.” Zimbili izikhathi lapho ama-Israyeli abhekana khona nokudingiswa okukhulu. Umbuso wezizwe eziyishumi wasenyakatho wathunjwa ama-Asiriya, kamuva umbuso wezizwe ezimbili waseningizimu wathunjwa abaseBhabhiloni. Abasele kuzo zombili lezi zigameko zokudingiswa babuyiselwa ezweni labo ngaphansi kokubusa kukaKoresi, umbusi wasePheresiya.—2Kh 17:6; 24:16; Ezr 6:21.
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izinDlawu zokucisha.
Amathuluzi ayenziwe ngegolide ayesetshenziswa etabernakele nasethempelini ukucisha ilangabi lezibani.—Eks 37:23.
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isiDlo SeNkosi Sakusihlwa.
Isidlo esiyisinkwa esingenamvubelo kanye newayini okuyizifanekiselo zomzimba kaKristu negazi lakhe; yisikhumbuzo sokufa kukaJesu. Njengoba lona kuwumkhosi osekelwe emBhalweni okudingeka amaKristu awugcine, ubizwa kufanele ngokuthi “iSikhumbuzo.”—1Ko 11:20, 23-26.
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amaDodana ka-Aroni.
Yisizukulwane somzukulu kaLevi u-Aroni, owakhethwa njengompristi ophakeme wokuqala ngaphansi koMthetho KaMose. Amadodana ka-Aroni ayenza imisebenzi yabapristi etabernakele nasethempelini.—1Kr 23:28.
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inDodana kaDavide.
Yinkulumo evame ukusetshenziswa kuJesu eqokomisa ukuthi uyiNdlalifa yesivumelwano soMbuso esasiyogcwaliswa othile oyinzalo kaDavide.—Mat 12:23; 21:9.
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inDodana yomuntu.
Yinkulumo etholakala izikhathi ezingu-80 emaVangelini. Isebenza esikuDaniyeli 7:13, 14. EmiBhalweni YesiHebheru le nkulumo yasetshenziswa kuHezekeli nakuDaniyeli, igcizelela umehluko phakathi kwalaba bakhulumeli abangabantu noMthombo waphezulu womyalezo wabo.—Hez 3:17; Dan 8:17; Mat 19:28; 20:28.kuJesu Kristu futhi ibonisa ukuthi ngokuzalwa kwakhe enomzimba wenyama, waba umuntu futhi wayengesona nje isidalwa somoya esizenze umuntu. Le nkulumo ibonisa nokuthi uJesu wayezogcwalisa isiprofetho
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amaDolobha esiphephelo.
Amadolobha amaLevi lapho umbulali obulale engahlosile ayengaphephela khona ebalekela umuntu ophindiselela umufi. Amadolobha anjalo ayeyisithupha, esakazeke kulo lonke iZwe Lesithembiso, amiswa uMose, kamuva amiswa uJoshuwa beqondiswa uJehova. Lapho umbaleki efika edolobheni lesiphephelo, wayebeka udaba lwakhe emadodeni amadala esangweni ledolobha futhi wayemukelwa kahle. Ukuze kugwenywe ukuba ababulala ngenhloso badlale ngaleli lungiselelo, umbaleki kwakudingeka ayoquliswa icala edolobheni ayebulale kulo ukuze kutholakale ukuthi umsulwa yini. Uma etholakala emsulwa, wayebuyiselwa edolobheni lesiphephelo, lapho kwakudingeka ahlale khona ukuphila kwakhe konke noma kuze kufe umpristi ophakeme.—Num 35:6, 11-15, 22-29; Jos 20:2-8.
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iDolobha LikaDavide.
Yigama elanikezwa idolobha lamaJebusi ngemva kokuba uDavide elinqobile wakha nesigodlo sakhe khona. Libizwa nangokuthi iZiyoni. Liyingxenye eseningizimu-mpumalanga yeJerusalema futhi yilona elidala kunawo wonke.—2Sa 5:7; 1Kr 11:4, 5.
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iDrakma.
EmiBhalweni YamaKristu YesiGreki, leli gama libhekisela ohlamvwini lwesiliva lwamaGreki, ngaleso sikhathi olwalunesisindo esingu-3,4 g. EmiBhalweni YesiHebheru, kukhulunywa ngedrakma legolide langenkathi yasePheresiya elifaniswa nedarike. (Neh 7:70; Mat 17:24)—Bheka iSithasiselo B14.
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iDuku lokushuqula.
Indwangu eshuqulwa ekhanda noma egqokwa njengeduku. Umpristi ophakeme wayefaka iduku lokushuqula lelineni elisezingeni eliphezulu, eliboshelwe ucwecwe lwegolide ngaphambili ngentambo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Inkosi yayifaka iduku lokushuqula ngaphansi komqhele wayo. UJobe wasebenzisa le nkulumo ngendlela engokomfanekiso lapho efanisa ubulungisa bakhe neduku lokushuqula.—Eks 28:36, 37; Hez 21:26.
E
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u-Edomi.
Elinye igama lika-Esawu, indodana ka-Isaka. Inzalo ka-Esawu (u-Edomi) yathatha indawo yaseSeyiri, isifunda esinezintaba esiphakathi koLwandle Olufile neTheku Lase-Aqaba. Yaziwa ngokuthi kukwa-Edomi. (Gen 25:30; 36:8)—Bheka iSithasiselo B3 no-B4.
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i-Efa.
Yisikali sezinto ezomile esiphinde sibe sabhasikidi, sasisetshenziselwa ukukala ukudla okusanhlamvu. Sasilingana nesikali sebhathi soketshezi, ngakho sasingu-22 L. (Eks 16:36; Hez 45:10)—Bheka iSithasiselo B14.
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i-Efodi.
Ingubo enjengephinifa eyayigqokwa abapristi. Umpristi ophakeme wayegqoka i-efodi elikhethekile, ngaphambili lalinesiqephu sesifuba esinamatshe ayigugu angu-12. (Eks 28:4, 6)—Bheka iSithasiselo B5.
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u-Efrayimi.
Yigama lendodana yesibili kaJosefa; kamuva lasebenza kwezinye zezizwe zakwa-Israyeli. Ngemva kokuhlukaniswa kuka-Israyeli, u-Efrayimi, njengesizwe esivelele kakhulu, wamelela wonke umbuso wezizwe eziyishumi.—Gen 41:52; Jer 7:15.
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Eluli.
Ngemva kokudingiselwa eBhabhiloni, iyigama lenyanga ka-6 ekhalendeni elingcwele lamaJuda, iyinyanga ka-12 ekhalendeni elivamile. Yayiqala phakathi no-Agasti iphele phakathi noSepthemba. (Neh 6:15)—Bheka iSithasiselo B15.
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Ethanimi.
Yigama lenyanga yesikhombisa ekhalendeni elingcwele lamaJuda, elenyanga yokuqala ekhalendeni elivamile. Yayiqala phakathi noSepthemba iphele phakathi no-Okthoba. Ngemva kokubuya kwamaJuda eBhabhiloni, yabizwa ngokuthi inyanga kaTishri. (1Kh 8:2)—Bheka iSithasiselo B15.
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i-Ewufrathe.
Umfula omude kunayo yonke nobaluleke kakhulu eningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Asiya, futhi ungomunye wemifula emikhulu eMesophothamiya. Kukhulunywa ngawo okokuqala kuGenesise 2:14 njengomunye wemifula emine yase-Edene. Uvame ukubizwa ngokuthi “uMfula.” (Gen 31:21) Wawuwumngcele wasenyakatho wendawo eyayinikwe u-Israyeli. (Gen 15:18; IsA 16:12)—Bheka iSithasiselo B2.
F
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ubuFakazi.
Elithi ‘ubuFakazi’ ngokuvamile libhekisela eMiyalweni Eyishumi eyayibhalwe ematsheni amabili ayizicaba ayenikwe uMose.—Eks 31:18.
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abaFarisi.
Iqembu lenkolo yobuJuda elalivelele ngekhulu lokuqala C.E. Babengeyona inzalo yabapristi, kodwa babewugcina ngokucophelela uMthetho ngisho nasezintweni ezincane, futhi bathatha nezimfundiso zamasiko adluliselwa ngomlomo bazibeka ezingeni elifana neloMthetho. (Mat 23:23) Babephikisa noma yiliphi ithonya lamasiko amaGreki, njengezazi zoMthetho namasiko babenegunya elikhulu phezu kwabantu. (Mat 23:2-6) Abanye babengamalungu eSanhedrini. Babevame ukuphikisa uJesu mayelana nokugcinwa kweSabatha, amasiko kanye nokuzihlanganisa nezoni nabaqoqi bentela. Abanye baba amaKristu, okuhlanganisa noSawulu waseTarsu.—Mat 9:11; 12:14; Mar 7:5; Luk 6:2; IzE 26:5.
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uFaro.
Isiqu okubizwa ngaso amakhosi aseGibhithe. Bahlanu ofaro ababizwa ngamagama eBhayibhelini (uShishaki, uSo, uThirahaka, uNekho noHofira), kodwa abanye awashiwongo amagama abo, okuhlanganisa nalabo abasebenzelana eduze no-Abrahama, uMose noJosefa.—Eks 15:4; Rom 9:17.
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iFathomu.
Uthi lokukala ukujula kwamanzi, lulingana no-1,8 m. (IzE 27:28)—Bheka iSithasiselo B14.
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isiFebe.
Umuntu oya ocansini engashadile noma nomuntu angashadile naye, ikakhulukazi ukuze athole imali. (Igama lesiGreki elisho “isifebe,” lithi porʹne, lisuselwa egameni elisho “ukuthengisa.”) Leli gama ngokuvamile libhekisela kumuntu wesifazane, nakuba eBhayibhelini kukhulunywa nangezifebe zesilisa. Ubufebe babungavunyelwe eMthethweni KaMose, futhi iholo lesifebe lalingamukeleki njengomnikelo endlini engcwele kaJehova, ngokungafani nomkhuba wamaqaba wokusebenzisa izifebe zasethempelini njengendlela yokungenisa imali. (Dut 23:17, 18; 1Kh 14:24) IBhayibheli libuye lisebenzise leli gama ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso, ukubhekisela kubantu, izizwe noma izinhlangano ezihileleke ohlotsheni oluthile lokukhonza izithixo kuyilapho zithi zikhulekela uNkulunkulu. Ngokwesibonelo, inhlangano yenkolo ebizwa ngokuthi “iBhabhiloni Elikhulu” ichazwa encwadini yesAmbulo ngokuthi isifebe, ngoba yakhe ubudlelwano nababusi balo mhlaba ukuze ithole igunya nengcebo.—IsA 17:1-5; 18:3; 1Kr 5:25.
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ubuFebe.
—Bheka UKUZIPHATHA KABI NGOKOCANSI.
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iFilistiya; amaFilisti.
Izwe elisogwini oluseningizimu yakwa-Israyeli elabizwa ngokuthi yiFilistiya. Abantu bokufika ababevela eKrethe abafike bahlala lapho babebizwa ngokuthi amaFilisti. UDavide wawanqoba amaFilisti kodwa aqhubeka ezibusa futhi eyizitha zika-Israyeli. (Eks 13:17; 1Sa 17:4; Amo 9:7)—Bheka iSithasiselo B4.
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isiFo esiwumshayabhuqe.
Yinoma yisiphi isifo esithelelwanayo esisakazeka ngokushesha, futhi esibulalayo. Sivame ukuhlotshaniswa nesahlulelo sikaNkulunkulu.—Num 14:12; Hez 38:22, 23; Amo 4:10.
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ukuFunga.
Ukusho amazwi aqinisekisa ukuthi into iyiqiniso, noma yisithembiso esiqinisekisa ukuthi umuntu uzoyenza into ethile noma ukuthi ngeke ayenze. Ngokuvamile, amazwi ayisifungo esenziwa kumuntu ophakeme ikakhulukazi kuNkulunkulu. UJehova waqinisekisa isivumelwano sakhe no-Abrahama ngokwenza isifungo.—Gen 14:22; Heb 6:16, 17.
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isiFungo.—
Isithembiso esiqotho esenziwa kuNkulunkulu sokwenza okuthile, sokunikela okuthile noma isipho, sokungenela inkonzo ethile noma ukuyeka ukwenza izinto ezithile ezinganqatshelwe umthetho.—Num 6:2; Shu 5:4; Mat 5:33.
G
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iGceke.
Indawo evulekile ebiyelwe ezungeze itabernakele, kamuva yaba enye yezindawo ezibiyelwe ezivulekile ezizungeze isakhiwo esiyinhloko sethempeli. I-altare lomnikelo oshiswayo lalisegcekeni letabernakele nasegcekeni elingaphakathi lethempeli. (Bheka iSithasiselo B5, B8, B11.) IBhayibheli liphinde likhulume ngamagceke ezindlu nawezigodlo.—Eks 8:13; 27:9; 1Kh 7:12; Est 4:11; Mat 26:3.
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Gcoba.
Yigama lesiHebheru elisho “ukugcoba ngoketshezi.” Amafutha ayegcotshwa kumuntu noma entweni ukuze kubonakaliswe ukuzinikela enkonzweni ekhethekile. EmiBhalweni YamaKristu YesiGreki, leli gama lisetshenziswa nasekuthululweni komoya ongcwele kulabo abakhethiwe abanethemba lasezulwini.—Eks 28:41; 1Sa 16:13; 2Ko 1:21.
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iGehena.
Yigama lesiGreki elisho iSigodi SikaHinomu esasiseningizimu naseningizimu-ntshonalanga eJerusalema lasendulo. (Jer 7:31) Kwaprofethwa ngalo njengendawo okuyolahlwa kuyo izidumbu. (Jer 7:32; 19:6) Abukho ubufakazi bokuthi izilwane noma abantu babephonswa eGehena ukuze bashiswe bephila noma bahlushwe khona. Ngakho le ndawo ayikwazi ukufanekisela indawo engabonakali lapho kuhlushwa khona imiphefumulo yabantu unomphela emlilweni ongokoqobo. Kunalokho, uJesu nabafundi bakhe basebenzisa elithi iGehena ukuze bafanekise ukujeziswa kwaphakade ‘ekufeni kwesibili,’ okuwukuthi, ukuqothulwa noma ukubhujiswa kwaphakade.—IsA 20:14; Mat 5:22; 10:28.
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iGera.
Isisindo esilingana no-0,57 g. Lalilingana no-1/20 weshekeli. (Lev 27:25)—Bheka iSithasiselo B14.
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iGileyadi.
Ngomqondo ophelele, yindawo evundile esempumalanga yoMfula iJordani eyayelulekela enyakatho naseningizimu yeSigodi SaseJabhoki. Ngezinye izikhathi lalisetshenziselwa lapho kubhekiselwa kuyo yonke indawo yama-Israyeli esempumalanga yeJordani lapho kwakuhlala khona izizwe zakwaRubeni, zakwaGadi, nohhafu wesizwe sakwaManase. (Num 32:1; Jos 12:2; 2Kh 10:33)—Bheka iSithasiselo B4.
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iGititi.
Yigama lasemculweni okungaqinisekwa ngencazelo yalo, nakuba kubonakala sengathi lisuselwa egameni lesiHebheru elithi gath. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi kungenzeka liyihubo elihlotshaniswa nezingoma ezihlobene nokwenza iwayini, njengoba elithi gath libhekisela esikhamweni sewayini.—Hu 81:0.
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isiGreki.
Ulimi olukhulunywa abantu baseGrisi.
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umGreki.
Umuntu ozalwe eGrisi noma umuntu onomndeni odabuka khona. EmiBhalweni YamaKristu YesiGreki, leli gama liphinde libe nomqondo obanzi, libhekisela kubo bonke abantu abangewona amaJuda noma kulabo abathonywa ulimi nesiko lamaGreki.—Jow 3:6; Joh 12:20.
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isiGubhu sewayini.
Isigubhu esenziwe ngesikhumba sesilwane, njengembuzi noma imvu futhi sasisetshenziselwa ukuphatha iwayini. Iwayini lalifakwa ezigujini zewayini ezintsha ngoba lapho libila, likhipha umoya oyisikhutha (carbon dioxide) ofutha isigubhu sesikhumba. Izikhumba ezintsha ziyanwebeka; ezindala eseziqinile ziyaqhuma lapho zifutheka.—Jos 9:4; Mat 9:17.
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isiGxobo.
Ugodo olume lwaqonda okwakubethelwa kulo isisulu. Kwezinye izizwe lwalusetshenziselwa ukubulala umuntu kanye/noma ukulengisa isidumbu ukuze kuxwayiswe abanye noma ukuze olengisiwe ahlazeke emphakathini. Abase-Asiriya, ababaziwa ngezimpi zabo ezinonya, babelengisa imizimba yezithunjwa phezu kwezigxobo ezicijile, babegwaza isisulu ngesigxobo, basifake esiswini size siphelele esifubeni. Nokho, ngokomthetho wamaJuda, labo ababenecala lokwenza izono ezimbi kakhulu njengokuhlambalaza noma ukukhonza izithixo, babeqale babulawe ngokushaywa ngamatshe noma ngenye indlela, ngemva kwalokho izidumbu zabo zilengiswe esigxotsheni noma esihlahleni ukuze kuxwayiswe abanye. (Dut 21:22, 23; 2Sa 21:6, 9) Ngezinye izikhathi amaRoma ayemane abophele isisulu esigxotsheni futhi sasingase silenge kuso izinsukwana sisaphila ngaphambi kokuba sibulawe izinhlungu, ukoma, indlala nokushiswa yilanga. Kwezinye izimo, njengalapho kubulawa uJesu, babebethela izandla nezinyawo zommangalelwa ngezipikili esigxotsheni. (Luk 24:20; Joh 19:14-16; 20:25; IzE 2:23, 36)—Bheka elithi ISIGXOBO SOKUHLUSHWA.
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isiGxobo esingcwele.
Igama lesiHebheru (ʼashe·rahʹ ) libhekisela (1) esigxotsheni esingcwele esimelela u-Ashera, unkulunkulukazi wenzalo waseKhanani, noma (2) umfanekiso kankulunkulukazi u-Ashera uqobo. Kubonakala sengathi lezi zigxobo zazima ziqonde futhi ngokwengxenye zazenziwe ngokhuni. Kungenzeka kwakuyizigxobo ezingabaziwe noma ngisho nezihlahla.—Dut 16:21; Hlu 6:26; 1Kh 15:13.
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isiGxobo sokuhlushwa.
Yigama elihunyushwe kwelesiGreki elithi stau·rosʹ, elisho isigxobo noma ugodo olumile, njengalolo okwabulawelwa kulo uJesu. Akukho bufakazi bokuthi leli gama lesiGreki lalisho isiphambano, njengaleso esasisetshenziswa yizizwe ezazikhonza abanye onkulunkulu njengophawu lwenkolo emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka ngaphambi kukaKristu. Elithi “isigxobo sokuhlushwa” lidlulisela incazelo egcwele yegama lokuqala, njengoba igama elithi stau·rosʹ lisetshenziselwa nokubonisa ukuhlushwa, ukuhlupheka nesihlamba abalandeli bakaJesu ababeyobhekana nakho. Mat 16:24; Heb 12:2)—Bheka elithi ISIGXOBO.(
H
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iHalananda.
Isithelo esimise okwe-apula, esinento esambali noma esamqhele esihlokweni saso. Siqinile ngaphandle, ngaphakathi sinezikhala ezincane ezigcwele uketshezi olumnandi, ngasinye sinezinhlamvu ezincane ezibomvana. Imihlobiso emise okwamahalananda kwakuhlotshiswe ngayo umphetho wejazi elingenamikhono eliluhlaza lompristi ophakeme kanye nezihloko zezinsika ezaziphambi kwethempeli, ezazibizwa ngokuthi uJakini noBhowazi.—Eks 28:34; Num 13:23; 1Kh 7:18.
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iHayidesi.
Yigama lesiGreki elihambisana negama lesiHebheru elithi “Shiyoli.” Lihunyushwe ngokuthi “iThuna” (elibhalwe ngosonhlamvukazi), ukuze lihlukaniswe njengoba lona liyithuna elivamile lesintu.—Bheka ITHUNA.
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umHebheru.
Leli gama laqala ukusebenza ku-Abrama (ku-Abrahama), lalimhlukanisa komakhelwane bakhe abangama-Amori. Ngemva kwalokho lasetshenziselwa ukubhekisela enzalweni ka-Abrahama ayithola ngomzukulu wakhe uJakobe.—Gen 14:13; Eks 5:3.
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isiHebheru.
Ulimi lwamaHebheru. Ngesikhathi sikaJesu, ulimi lwesiHebheru lwase lunezinkulumo eziningi zesi-Aramu futhi lwalukhulunywa uKristu nabafundi bakhe.—IzE 26:14.
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uHermesi.
Unkulunkulu wamaGreki, indodana kaZeyusi. EListra, uPawulu wabizwa ngephutha ngokuthi uHermesi ngokuqondene nendima yalowo nkulunkulu yokuba isithunywa sonkulunkulu nonkulunkulu wenkulumo enobuciko.—IzE 14:12.
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uHerode, amalungu eqembu lakhe.
Baziwa nangokuthi abalandeli bakaHerode. Babeyiqembu lezizwe ezazisekela izinhloso zoHerode ekubuseni kwabo ngaphansi kwamaRoma. Cishe abanye kubaSadusi babekuleli qembu. Abalandeli bakaHerode bazihlanganisa nabaFarisi ukuze bamelane noJesu.—Mar 3:6.
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uHerode.
Yigama lomndeni wamakhosi ayebusa amaJuda ayebekwe eRoma. UHerode Omkhulu waduma ngokwakha kabusha ithempeli eJerusalema nangokugunyaza ukubulawa kwezingane ukuze abulale uJesu. (Mat 2:16; Luk 1:5) UHerode Arkelawu noHerode Antipase, amadodana kaHerode Omkhulu, abekwa ukuba engamele izindawo ezisembusweni kayise. (Mat 2:22) U-Antipase wayengumbusi wesifunda, wayevame ukubizwa ngokuthi “nkosi,” wabusa phakathi nenkonzo kaKristu iminyaka emithathu nohhafu nangenkathi ehamba ize ifike kuyizEnzo 12. (Mar 6:14-17; Luk 3:1, 19, 20; 13:31, 32; 23:6-15; IzE 4:27; 13:1) Ngemva kwalokho, uHerode Agripha I, umzukulu kaHerode Omkhulu, wabulawa yingelosi kaNkulunkulu ngemva kokubusa isikhashana. (IzE 12:1-6, 18-23) Indodana yakhe, uHerode Agripha II, yaba inkosi yabusa kwaze kwafika isikhathi amaJuda avukela ngaso iRoma.—IzE 23:35; 25:13, 22-27; 26:1, 2, 19-32.
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iHigayoni.
Yigama elisetshenziswa lapho kuqondiswa umculo. Njengoba lisetshenzisiwe kumaHubo 9:16, leli gama lingase lichaze ikhefu elihleliwe elihlanganisa ukuculela phansi noma ikhefu elihlelwe ngenjongo yokuzindla.
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iHini.
Yisikali sento ewuketshezi nesitsha sento yokukala. Lilingana no-3,67 L. (Eks 29:40)—Bheka iSithasiselo B14.
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iHisopi.
Isitshalo esinamagatsha amahle namaqabunga, sasisetshenziselwa ukufafaza igazi noma amanzi emikhosini yokuhlanza. Kungenzeka kwakuyi-marjoram (i-Origanum maru; i-Origanum syriacum). Ngokwendlela elisetshenziswe ngayo kuJohane 19:29, kungenzeka kwakuyi-marjoram efakwe egatsheni noma kuyi-durra, izinhlobonhlobo zamabele avamile (Amabele i-vulgare), njengoba lesi sitshalo kungenzeka sasinenduku ende ngokwanele ukuba ithwale isiponji esinewayini elimuncu isiyise emlonyeni kaJesu.—Eks 12:22; Hu 51:7.
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isiHlahla sokuphila.
Isihlahla esasisensimini yase-Edene. IBhayibheli alisho ukuthi izithelo zaso zazinika ukuphila; kunalokho, sasimelela isiqinisekiso sikaNkulunkulu sokuthi bazophila phakade labo ayeyobavumela ukuba badle izithelo zaso.—Gen 2:9; 3:22.
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isiHlahla sokwazi okuhle nokubi.
Isihlahla esasisensimini yase-Edene uNkulunkulu asisebenzisa njengophawu lwelungelo lakhe lokubekela abantu imithetho mayelana nokuthi yikuphi ‘okuhle’ nokuthi yikuphi ‘okubi.’—Gen 2:9, 17.
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uHlaka lokweluka.
Uhlaka olwalusetshenziselwa ukuphotha izintambo noma noma ukwenza indwangu.—Eks 39:27.
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isiHlalo sokwahlulela.
Kwakuvame ukuthi kube yindawo ephakeme engaphandle, okuyiwa kuyo ngezitebhisi, izikhulu zazihlala kuyo lapho zikhuluma nezixuku, zikhiphe nezinqumo zazo. Inkulumo ethi ‘isihlalo sokwahlulela sikaNkulunkulu’ nethi ‘isihlalo sokwahlulela sikaKristu’ zifanekisela ilungiselelo likaJehova lokwahlulela isintu.—Rom 14:10; 2Ko 5:10; Joh 19:13.
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umHlanga.
Igama elibhekisela ezitshalweni eziningana ezivame ukumila ezindaweni ezimanzi. Isitshalo okusuke kubhekiselwe kuso ezimweni eziningi yi-Arundo donax. (Job 8:11; Isay 42:3; Mat 27:29; IsA 11:1)—Bheka elithi UMHLANGA WOKUKALA.
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ukuHlanzeka.
EBhayibhelini, leli gama alibhekiseli nje kuphela ekuhlanzekeni emzimbeni, kodwa libhekisela nasekulondolozeni noma ekubuyiseleni into esimweni esingenasici, esimsulwa, nesingenalutho olungcolisayo, noma esonakalisayo ngokokuziphatha noma ngokomoya. Ngaphansi koMthetho KaMose, leli gama libhekisela ekuhlanzekeni ngokwesiko.—Lev 10:10; Hu 51:7; Mat 8:2; 1Ko 6:11.
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umHlatshelo.
Umnikelo olethwa kuNkulunkulu njengendlela yokubonisa ukubonga, ukuvuma isono noma ukubuyisela ubuhlobo obuhle naye. Kusukela ku-Abela, abantu bebelokhu benikela imihlatshelo ehlukahlukene ngokuzithandela, kuhlanganise neyezilwane, kwaze kwaba yilapho isivumelwano soMthetho KaMose sikwenza kube yimfuneko. Imihlatshelo yezilwane ayibange isadingeka ngemva kokuba uJesu enikele ngokuphila kwakhe kwaba umhlatshelo ophelele, nakuba amaKristu eqhubeka nokunikela imihlatshelo engokomoya kuNkulunkulu.—Gen 4:4; Heb 13:15, 16; 1Jo 4:10.
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ukuHlawulela.
—Bheka elithi ISIHLAWULELO.
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isiHlawulelo.
EmiBhalweni YesiHebheru, leli gama lihlobene nemihlatshelo eyayenziwa ukuze abantu bakwazi ukuya kuNkulunkulu bamkhonze. Ngaphansi koMthetho KaMose, kwakwenziwa imihlatshelo, ikakhulukazi ngoSuku Lokuhlawulelwa lwaminyaka yonke, ukuze kubuyiswane noNkulunkulu naphezu kwezono zabantu nezesizwe sonke. Leyo mihlatshelo yayimelela umhlatshelo kaJesu, owazihlawulela ngokuphelele izono zesintu kwaba kanye kuphela, wanikeza abantu ithuba lokubuyisana noJehova.—Lev 5:10; 23:28; Kol 1:20; Heb 9:12.
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iHlelo.
Iqembu labantu abanamathele emfundisweni ethile noma kumholi futhi abalandela izinkolelo zabo siqu. Leli gama lisetshenziselwa ukubhekisela emaqenjini amabili avelele obuJuda, elabaFarisi nelabaSadusi. Ababengewona amaKristu nabo babebiza amaKristu ngokuthi “ihlelo” noma ‘iqembu lenkolo lamaNazaretha,’ cishe bewabheka njengahlubuka enkolweni yobuJuda. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kwaba namahlelo nasebandleni lobuKristu; ‘iqembu lenkolo likaNikolawu’ kukhulunywa ngalo ngokuqondile encwadini yesAmbulo.—IzE 5:17; 15:5; 24:5; 28:22; IsA 2:6; 2Pe 2:1.
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isiHlengo.
Inani elikhokhwa ukuze kukhululwe umuntu ekuthunjweni, ekujezisweni, ekuhluphekeni, esonweni noma ngisho nasesibophweni. Leli nani kwakungabi yimali ngaso sonke isikhathi. (Isay 43:3) Isihlengo sasidingeka ezimweni ezihlukahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, amazibulo esilisa nawezilwane zeduna kwa-Israyeli ayengakaJehova, futhi kwakudingeka kukhokhwe isihlengo noma imali yokuwakhulula ukuze akhululwe ekusetshenzisweni enkonzweni kaJehova kuphela. (Num 3:45, 46; 18:15, 16) Uma inkunzi eyingozi eyayingagadiwe ibulala umuntu, umnikazi kwakumelwe akhokhe isihlengo ukuze akhululwe esigwebweni sokufa esasibekiwe. (Eks 21:29, 30) Nokho, akukho sihlengo esasamukelwa ngomuntu obulale ngenhloso. (Num 35:31) Okubaluleke kakhulu, iBhayibheli liqokomisa isihlengo esakhokhwa uKristu ngokufa kwakhe okuwumhlatshelo ukuze akhulule isintu esilalelayo esonweni nasekufeni.—Hu 49:7, 8; Mat 20:28; Efe 1:7.
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isiHloko.
Yingxenye engaphezulu ehlotshisiwe yensika. Izihloko ezinkulu zaziphezu kwezinsika ezifanayo uJakini noBhowazi, ezazimi phambi kwethempeli likaSolomoni. (1Kh 7:16)—Bheka iSithasiselo B8.
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umHlonyane.
Izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezihlahla ezibaba kakhulu nezinephunga elimnandi. EBhayibhelini umhlonyane usetshenziswa ngokomfanekiso ukuchaza imiphumela ebuhlungu yokuziphatha okubi, ubugqila, ukungabi nabulungisa nokuhlubuka. KusAmbulo 8:11, “umhlonyane” usho into ebabayo futhi enobuthi, ebizwa nangokuthi i-absinthe.—Dut 29:18; IzA 5:4; Jer 9:15; Amo 5:7.
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ukuHlubuka.
Leli gama lesiGreki (a·po·sta·siʹa) livela esenzweni ngokwezwi nezwi esisho “ukuma uqhele.” Ibizo linomqondo “wokushiya, ukulahla noma ukuvukela.” EmiBhalweni IzA 11:9; IzE 21:21; 2Th 2:3.YamaKristu YesiGreki, elithi “ukuhlubuka” lisetshenziswe ngokuyinhloko kulabo abashiya ukukhulekela kweqiniso.—
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abaHluleli.
Amadoda ayemiswe uJehova ukuze asindise abantu bakhe ngaphambi kokuba kube khona amakhosi angabantu kwa-Israyeli.—Hlu 2:16.
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iHomere.
Yisikali sezinto ezomile esilingana nekhora. Ngokwesilinganiso somthamo wesikali sebhathi, lalilingana no-220 L. (Lev 27:16)—Bheka iSithasiselo B14.
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iHorebe; INtaba iHorebe.
Yisifunda esinezintaba esizungeze iNtaba iSinayi. Yigama okubuye kubizwe ngalo iNtaba iSinayi. (Eks 3:1; Dut 5:2)—Bheka iSithasiselo B3.
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umHosha.
Isigodi noma umfudlana ovame ukoma, ngaphandle uma kuyinkathi yezimvula. Eminye imifudlana yayisuka eziphethwini ngakho yayingashi. Kwezinye izindawo umhosha kuthiwa “isigodi.”—Gen 26:19; Num 34:5; Dut 8:7; 1Kh 18:5; Job 6:15.
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iHubo.
Ingoma yokudumisa uNkulunkulu. AmaHubo ayehambisana nezinsimbi zomculo futhi eculwa abakhulekeli, kuhlanganise nokukhulekela kwasobala kukaJehova uNkulunkulu ethempelini lakhe eJerusalema.—Luk 20:42; IzE 13:33; Jak 5:13.
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i-Iliriku.
Yisifundazwe samaRoma esisenyakatho-ntshonalanga yeGrisi. UPawulu wahamba waze wafika khona enkonzweni yakhe, kodwa akushiwo ukuthi washumayela yini e-Iliriku. (Rom 15:19)—Bheka iSithasiselo B13.
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u-Israyeli.
Yigama uNkulunkulu alinika uJakobe. Labe selibhekisela kuyo yonke inzalo yakhe, nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Inzalo yamadodana kaJakobe angu-12 yayivame ukubizwa ngokuthi amadodana ka-Israyeli, indlu ka-Israyeli, isizwe (abantu) sakwa-Israyeli, noma ama-Israyeli. Elithi Israyeli libuye lisetshenziswe njengegama lezizwe eziyishumi zombuso osenyakatho ezasuka embusweni waseningizimu, kamuva laba yigama lamaKristu agcotshiwe, “u-Israyeli kaNkulunkulu.”—Gal 6:16; Gen 32:28; 2Sa 7:23; Rom 9:6.
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uJakobe.
Yindodana ka-Isaka noRebheka. Kamuva uNkulunkulu wamqamba ngokuthi u-Israyeli, waba inzalamizi yabantu bakwa-Israyeli (babuye babizwe ngama-Israyeli, kamuva amaJuda). Wayengubaba wamadodana angu-12 akha izizwe ezingu-12 esizweni sakwa-Israyeli kanye nenzalo yawo. Igama elithi Jakobe laqhubeka lisetshenziselwa isizwe noma abantu bakwa-Israyeli.—Gen 32:28; Mat 22:32.
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Jeduthuni.
Leli yigama okungaqinisekwa ngencazelo yalo elivela emibhalweni engenhla yamaHubo 39, 62, no-77. Le mibhalo engenhla ibonakala iyiziyalezo zokudlalwa kwamahubo, mhlawumbe yembula uhlobo lomculo noma insimbi yomculo. Kwakunomculi ongumLevi, igama lakhe kwakunguJeduthuni, ngakho kungenzeka lolu hlobo lomdlalo noma insimbi yomculo kwakuhlotshaniswa naye noma namadodana akhe.
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uJehova.
Yindlela evamile okuhunyushwa ngayo iTetragrammaton (izinhlamvu ezine zesiHebheru zegama likaNkulunkulu), elivela izikhathi ezingaphezu kuka-7 000 kuleli Bhayibheli.—Bheka iSithasiselo A4 no-A5.
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iJoka.
Ugodo olubekwa emahlombe omuntu okulenga kulo imithwalo ngapha nangapha noma ugodo olubekwa ezintanyeni zezilwane ezimbili eziboshelwe (ngokuvamile izinkomo) lapho zidonsa igeja lokulima noma inqola. Ngenxa yokuthi izigqila zazivame ukusebenzisa amajoka ukuze zithwale umthwalo osindayo, ijoka lalisetshenziselwa ukufanekisa ubugqila noma ukuba ngaphansi kwegunya lomunye umuntu kanye nokucindezelwa nokuhlupheka. Ukususa noma ukuphula ijoka kwakufanekisela ukukhululwa ekuboshweni, ekucindezelweni nasekuxhashazweni.—Lev 26:13; Mat 11:29, 30.
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iJubili.
Njalo ngonyaka ka-50, uma kubalwa kusukela ekungeneni kuka-Israyeli eZweni Lesithembiso. Izwe kwakungafanele lilinywe phakathi nonyaka weJubili, nezigqila ezingamaHebheru kwakumelwe zikhululwe. Amazwe angamafa ayedayisiwe ayebuyiselwa. Ngomqondo othile, iJubili laliwumkhosi wonyaka wonke, unyaka wenkululeko owabuyisela isizwe esimweni esasikuso ngesikhathi uNkulunkulu esimisa okokuqala.—Lev 25:10.
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umJuda.
Yigama elasetshenziswa kumuntu wesizwe sakwaJuda ngemva kokuwa kombuso wezizwe eziyishumi wakwa-Israyeli. (2Kh 16:6) Ngemva kokudingiselwa eBhabhiloni, lasetshenziswa kuma-Israyeli avela ezizweni ezihlukahlukene abuyela kwa-Israyeli. (Ezr 4:12) Kamuva, lasetshenziswa emhlabeni wonke ukuze kuhlukaniswe ama-Israyeli kubantu bezinye iZizwe. (Est 3:6) Leli gama libuye lisetshenziswe uPawulu ngokomfanekiso lapho ethi ubuzwe abubaluleke ngalutho ebandleni lobuKristu.—Rom 2:28, 29; Gal 3:28.
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uJuda.
Yindodana yesine kaJakobe ayizalelwa umkakhe uLeya. Esiprofethweni sakhe asisho esezokufa, uJakobe wabikezela ukuthi umbusi omkhulu noyohlala phakade wayeyovela ohlwini lomndeni kaJuda. UJesu, ngesikhathi ephila njengomuntu, wavela kuJuda. Igama elithi Juda libhekisela nasesizweni, kamuva libhekisele embusweni owaqanjwa ngoJuda. Njengoba achazwa njengombuso oseningizimu, uJuda wayakhiwa yizizwe zama-Israyeli akwaJuda nakwaBhenjamini, kuhlanganise nabapristi namaLevi. UJuda wayehlala engxenyeni yezwe eseningizimu eyayihlanganisa iJerusalema nethempeli.—Gen 29:35; 49:10; 1Kh 4:20; Heb 7:14.
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iKasiya.
Ivela egxolweni lesihlahla sekasiya (Cinnamomum cassia), sohlobo olufanayo nesihlahla sesinamoni. Ikasiya yayisetshenziswa njengesiqholo nanjengesithako samafutha angcwele okugcoba umuntu.—Eks 30:24; Hu 45:8; Hez 27:19.
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uKemoshi.
Unkulunkulu oyinhloko wabakwaMowabi.—1Kh 11:33.
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iKhabhu.
Isikali sezinto ezomile esingu-1,22 L esisekelwe esilinganisweni somthamo webhathi. (2Kh 6:25)—Bheka iSithasiselo B14.
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iKhalideya; amaKhaledi.
Ekuqaleni kwakuyizwe nabantu ababehlala ngasemifuleni iTigris ne-Ewufrathe; ngokuhamba kwesikhathi la magama asetshenziselwa ukubhekisela kulo lonke elaseBhabhiloni nabantu bakhona. Elithi “amaKhaledi” lalibhekisela nasesigabeni sabantu abafundile abafunda isayensi, umlando, izilimi, nesayensi yezinkanyezi kodwa ababenza imilingo bebhula nangezinkanyezi.—Ezr 5:12; Dan 4:7; IzE 7:4.
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isiKhamo sewayini.
Ngokuvamile kuba yimigodi emibili eqoshwe etsheni, omunye uphakeme kunomunye bese ihlanganiswa yimbobo encane. Njengoba amagilebhisi enyathelwa emgodini ongenhla, uketshezi lwalugelezela emgodini ongezansi. Leli gama lisetshenziselwa ukufanekisa isahlulelo sikaNkulunkulu.—Isay 5:2; IsA 19:15.
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uKhanani.
Umzukulu kaNowa futhi uyindodana yesine kaHamu. Izizwe ezingu-11 ezavela kuKhanani zagcina zihlala endaweni engasempumalanga yeMedithera phakathi kweGibhithe neSiriya. Leyo ndawo yabizwa ngokuthi ‘izwe laseKhanani.’ (Lev 18:3; Gen 9:18; IzE 13:19)—Bheka iSithasiselo B4.
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amaKherubi.
Izingelosi zesigaba esiphakeme ezinemisebenzi ekhethekile. Zihlukile kumaserafi.—Gen 3:24; Eks 25:20; Isay 37:16; Heb 9:5.
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uKhesari.
Igama lomndeni wamaRoma elaba isiqu sababusi abangamaRoma. U-Awugustu, uTiberiyu, noKlawudiyu babizwa ngamagama eBhayibhelini, futhi nakuba uNero engabizwanga ngegama, leli gama liyasebenza nakuye. Elithi “Khesari” liyasetshenziswa nasemiBhalweni YamaKristu YesiGreki ukuze limelele igunya likahumeni noma uMbuso.—Mar 12:17; IzE 25:12.
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iKhethini.
Yisiqephu sendwangu esihle okuthungelwe kuso imifanekiso yamakherubi esasihlukanisa iNgcwele neNgcwelengcwele etabernakele nasethempelini. (Eks 26:31; 2Kr 3:14; Mat 27:51; Heb 9:3)—Bheka iSithasiselo B5.
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Khisilevi.
Yigama lenyanga ka-9 ekhalendeni elingcwele lamaJuda nelenyanga yesithathu ekhalendeni elivamile elavela ngemva kokubuya kwamaJuda eBhabhiloni. Yayiqala phakathi noNovemba iye maphakathi noDisemba. (Neh 1:1; Zak 7:1)—Bheka iSithasiselo B15.
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amaKhoba.
Izimpephelezi ezihlukaniswa nengxenye edliwayo yokusanhlamvu ngesikhathi kubhulwa noma kweliwa. Amakhoba ayasetshenziwa lapho kukhulunywa, efanekisela into engelusizo lwalutho noma engafiseleki.—Hu 1:4; Mat 3:12.
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iKhora.
Isikali sento eyomile noma ewuketshezi. Lalilingana no-220 L, ngokomthamo wesikali sebhathi. (1Kh 5:11)—Bheka iSithasiselo B14.
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iKhorali.
Yinto eqine njengetshe eyakhiwa amathambo ezilwane ezincane zasolwandle. Litholakala olwandle liyimibala ehlukahlukene, ehlanganisa obomvu, omhlophe nomnyama. Amakhorali ayetholakala ngobuningi oLwandle Olubomvu. Ngezikhathi zeBhayibheli, ikhorali elibomvu lalibiza kakhulu futhi kwakwenziwa ngalo imigexo neminye imihlobiso.—IzA 8:11.
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ukuKhothoza.
Ukubutha noma yini esale lapho kuvunwa, eshiywe abavuni ngenhloso noma ngokungenhloso. UMthetho KaMose wayala abantu ukuba bangavuni konke Rut 2:7.emaphethelweni amasimu abo futhi bangathathi zonke izithelo zomnqumo noma zamagilebhisi. Abantu abampofu, abahluphekayo, abayizifiki, izintandane nabafelokazi babelithole kuNkulunkulu ilungelo lokukhothoza okwakusele emasimini.—
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oKhululekile; okhululiwe.
Phakathi nokubusa kwamaRoma, umuntu “okhululekile” kwakungumuntu ozalwe ekhululekile, enawo wonke amalungelo okuba yisakhamuzi. Ngokuphambene nalokho, umuntu “okhululiwe” kwakungumuntu okhululwe ebugqilini. Ukukhululwa ngokusemthethweni kwakunikeza umuntu okhululiwe ilungelo lokuba yisakhamuzi saseRoma, kodwa wayengenalo ilungelo lokuthola isikhundla embusweni. Ukukhululwa okwenziwa ngasese kwakumkhulula umuntu ebugqilini, kodwa kwakungamniki wonke amalungelo okuba yisakhamuzi.—1Ko 7:22.
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isiKhumba okubhalwa kuso.
Isikhumba semvu, sembuzi noma senkonyane esishukiwe ukuze kubhalwe kuso. Sasihlala isikhathi eside kunephaphirasi futhi sasisetshenziselwa ukwenza imiqulu yeBhayibheli. Imiqulu yesikhumba uPawulu acela ukuba uThimothewu eze nayo cishe yayiyizingxenye zemiBhalo YesiHebheru. Eminye yeMiqulu YasoLwandle Olufile yayibhalwe esikhunjeni.—2Ti 4:13.
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imiKhumbi yaseTharishishi.
Ekuqaleni leli yigama elalibhekisela emikhunjini eyayiya eTharishishi yasendulo (iSpain yanamuhla). Kubonakala sengathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, leli gama labe selisho imikhumbi emikhulu ekwazi ukuhamba amabanga amade. USolomoni noJehoshafati basebenzisa le mikhumbi ngenjongo yezohwebo.—1Kh 9:26; 10:22; 22:48.
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isiKhunta.
Yinoma yisiphi isifo ezitshalweni eziningi eziphila ngezinye esibangelwa yisikhunta. Kucatshangwa ukuthi isikhunta okukhulunywa ngaso eBhayibhelini amabala amnyama awukugqwala asesiqwini noma emaqabungeni ezitshalo (Puccinia graminis).—1Kh 8:37.
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iKhwezi.
Linencazelo efanayo nelithi “inkanyezi yokusa.” Yinkanyezi yokugcina ephuma ekugcineni kwempumalanga ngaphambi kokuphuma kwelanga, ngakho ibonisa ukuthi sekusile, sekuwusuku olusha.—IsA 22:16; 2Pe 1:19.
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umKristu.
Yigama labalandeli bakaJesu Kristu abalinikwa uNkulunkulu.—IzE 11:26; 26:28.
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uKristu.
Yisiqu sikaJesu, sivela egameni lesiGreki elithi Khri·stosʹ, sisho okufanayo negama lesiHebheru elihunyushwe ngokuthi “Mesiya,” noma “oGcotshiwe.”—Mat 1:16; Joh 1:41.
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uKuba khona.
Ngezinye izikhathi emiBhalweni YamaKristu YesiGreki, le nkulumo isho ukuba khona kukaJesu Kristu njengenkosi kusukela esikhathini sokubekwa kwakhe okungabonakali njengeNkosi enguMesiya kuqhubeke kuze kube sezinsukwini zokugcina zalesi simiso sezinto. Ukuba khona kukaKristu akuyona nje indaba yokufika bese ehamba ngokushesha; kunalokho, kuthatha isikhathi esithile esibekiwe.—Mat 24:3.
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abaLandeli beqembu likaHerode.—
Bheka elithi UHERODE; ABALANDELI BEQEMBU LAKHE.
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kwaLasha.
Livela egameni lesiGreki elithi aʹbys·sos, elisho ukuthi “okujule ngokwedlulele” noma “okungenakulinganiswa, okungenamkhawulo.” EmiBhalweni YamaKristu YesiGreki libhekisela endaweni noma esimweni sokuvaleleka. Lihlanganisa nethuna kodwa lisho okungaphezu kwalo.—Luk 8:31; Rom 10:7; IsA 20:3.
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iLeptoni.
Ngenkathi yemiBhalo YamaKristu YesiGreki, kwakuwuhlamvu lwemali oluncane lwethusi lwamaJuda. Kwezinye izinguqulo zeBhayibheli lihunyushwe ngokuthi “imadlana.” (Mar 12:42; Luk 21:2; mbhw.)—Bheka iSithasiselo B14.
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uLevi; umLevi.
Indodana yesithathu kaJakobe ayizalelwa umkakhe uLeya; kuphinde kube isizwe esaqanjwa ngayo. Amadodana akhe amathathu asungula izizwe ezintathu eziyinhloko zamaLevi. Ngezinye izikhathi, igama elithi “amaLevi” libhekisela kuso sonke isizwe, kodwa ngokuvamile aliwuhlanganisi umndeni wobupristi ka-Aroni. Isizwe sikaLevi asisitholanga isabelo sezwe eZweni Lesithembiso, kodwa sanikwa amadolobha angu-48 phakathi kwemingcele yezwe elabelwe ezinye izizwe.—Dut 10:8; 1Kr 6:1; Heb 7:11.
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uLeviyathani.
Isilwane esivame ukuhlotshaniswa namanzi, ngokusobala uhlobo oluthile lwesidalwa sasemanzini. KuJobe 3:8 naku-41:1, kubonakala sengathi kukhulunywa ngengwenya noma ngesinye isidalwa sasemanzini esikhulu nesinamandla. KumaHubo 104:26, kungase kube uhlobo oluthile lomkhomo. Kwezinye izindawo lisetshenziswe ngokomfanekiso futhi alibhekiseli esilwaneni.—Hu 74:14; Isay 27:1.
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ukuLila.
Indlela yokuveza usizi lapho kushone othile noma kwenzeke enye inhlekelele. Ngezikhathi zeBhayibheli, kwakuyisiko ukulila isikhathi esithile. Ngaphandle kokukhala kakhulu, abalilayo babegqoka izingubo ezikhethekile, bathele umlotha emakhanda abo, badabule izingubo zabo, bazishaye isifuba. Ngezinye izikhathi abaqeqeshelwe ukulila babemenywa emingcwabeni.—Gen 23:2; Est 4:3; IsA 21:4.
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umLindi.
Umuntu oqapha ingozi engase isongele abantu noma isakhiwo, ngokuvamile ebusuku futhi ongase akhiphe isixwayiso lapho kubonakala ingozi. Abalindi babevame ukuma phezulu ezindongeni zedolobha noma emibhoshongweni ukuze basheshe bababone labo abezayo ngaphambi kokuba babe seduze. Umlindi ebuthweni lempi uvame ukubizwa ngokuthi unogada noma umqaphi. Abaprofethi babengabalindi abangokomfanekiso esizweni sakwa-Israyeli, bexwayisa ngembubhiso eyayisongela.—2Kh 9:20; Hez 3:17.
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iLogi.
Yisikali sento ewuketshezi esincane kunazo zonke okukhulunywa ngazo eBhayibhelini. KuyiTalmudi yamaJuda, kuthiwa lilingana no-1/12 wehini, ngakho uma usebenzisa lokho, ilogi lingamumatha u-0,31 L. (Lev 14:10)—Bheka iSithasiselo B14.
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ukuLunga.
EmiBhalweni, yilokho okulungile ngokwezindinganiso zikaNkulunkulu zokulungile nokungalungile.—Gen 15:6; Dut 6:25; IzA 11:4; Zef 2:3; Mat 6:33.
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ukuLungiselela.
Igama losuku olungaphambi kweSabatha, amaJuda ayelungiselela ngalo izinto ezidingekayo. Lolu suku lwaluphela ekushoneni kwelanga kosuku namuhla okuthiwa uLwesihlanu, okuyisikhathi okwakuqala ngaso iSabatha. Usuku lwamaJuda lwaluqala ekushoneni kwelanga luze luphele ekushoneni kwelanga ngosuku olulandelayo.—Mar 15:42; Luk 23:54.
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iMahalati.
Leli gama, ngokusobala elasemculweni, litholakala emibhalweni engenhla yamaHubo 53 no-88. Lingahlotshaniswa nesenzo sesiHebheru esisho “ukuba buthaka; ukugula,” ngaleyo ndlela lisikisela iphimbo elinosizi nelidabukile, okuhambisana nokudabukisa kwalezi ngoma ezimbili.
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iMakedoniya.
Yisifunda esisenyakatho yeGrisi esavelela kakhulu ngesikhathi kubusa u-Alexander Omkhulu, saqhubeka sizimele kwaze kwaba yilapho sinqotshwa amaRoma. IMakedoniya yayiyisifundazwe samaRoma lapho umphostoli uPawulu evakasha eYurophu okokuqala. UPawulu wavakasha izikhathi ezintathu kuleyo ndawo. (IzE 16:9)—Bheka iSithasiselo B13.
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uMalkamu.
Cishe lifana nelithi Moleki, unkulunkulu oyinhloko wama-Amoni. (Zef 1:5)—Bheka UMOLEKI.
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iMana.
Ukudla okuyinhloko okwakudliwa ama-Israyeli phakathi neminyaka engu-40 esehlane. Yayivela kuJehova. Yayivela ngokuyisimangaliso emhlabathini ngaphansi kwamazolo njalo ekuseni ngaphandle kwangosuku lweSabatha. Lapho ama-Israyeli eyibona okokuqala, athi, “Kuyini lokhu?” noma, ngesiHebheru athi, “man huʼ?” (Eks 16:13-15, 35) Kwezinye izindawo, uma kubhekiselwa kuyo kuthiwa “ukudla kwasezulwini” (Hu 78:24), “isinkwa esivela ezulwini” (Hu 78:24), kuphinde kuthiwe “ukudla kwabanamandla” (Hu 78:25). UJesu naye wakhuluma ngemana ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso.—Joh 6:49, 50.
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iziMangaliso; imisebenzi yamandla.
Izenzo noma izenzakalo ezingaphezu kwawo wonke amandla aziwa abantu nezibhekwa njengezinto ezingaphezu kwamandla avamile. Amagama afana nathi “isibonakaliso,” “ibika,” “isimangaliso,” ngezinye izikhathi asetshenziswa njengamagama anomqondo ofanayo eBhayibhelini.—Eks 4:21; IzE 4:22; Heb 2:4.
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iziMantshi.
Ngaphansi kukahulumeni waseBhabhiloni, izimantshi zaziyizikhulu ezifundeni zombuso, zazazi umthetho futhi zinegunya lokwahlulela elilinganiselwe. Kumakoloni amaRoma, izimantshi zaziqondisa embusweni. Imisebenzi yazo yayihlanganisa ukwenza kube nokuhleleka, ukuqondisa izimali, ukwahlulela izeqa-mthetho, nokukhipha isijeziso.—Dan 3:2; IzE 16:20.
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iMaskili.
Yigama lesiHebheru okungaqinisekwa ngencazelo yalo elivela emibhalweni engenhla yamahubo angu-13. Kungenzeka lisho “inkondlo yokuzindla.” Abanye bacabanga ukuthi igama elithi alifane nalo, elihunyushwe ngokuthi ‘ukukhonza ngokuqonda,’ kungenzeka linencazelo ehlobene nalo.—2Kr 30:22; Hu 32:0.
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iMayela.
Yisikali sebanga esivela kanye kuphela emibhalweni yokuqala yemiBhalo YamaKristu YesiGreki kuMathewu 5:41, kungenzeka sibhekisela emayelini lamaRoma elalilingana no-1 479,5 m. Kwezinye izindawo ezintathu okuvela kuzo elithi “imayela” kuLuka 24:13, kuJohane 6:19, nakuJohane 11:18 kusetshenziswe amastadiyu ashintshwe evela kwawasendulo emibhalo yokuqala.—Bheka iSithasiselo B14.
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izeMbatho zempi.
Izembatho eziyisivikelo ezazigqokwa amasosha, okuyisigqoko sokuzivikela, ijazi lensimbi, ibhande, izivikelo zemilenze nehawu.—1Sa 31:9; Efe 6:13-17.
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uMbuso KaNkulunkulu.
Le nkulumo ngokukhethekile isetshenziswe ebukhosini bukaNkulunkulu obumelelwa uhulumeni oqotho weNdodana yakhe, uKristu Jesu.—Mat 12:28; Luk 4:43; 1Ko 15:50.
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amaMede; iMediya.
Isizwe esavela endodaneni kaJafete uMadayi; sasihlala ezintabeni eziyizinkangala zase-Iran ezaba yizwe laseMediya. AmaMede ahlangana neBhabhiloni ukuze anqobe i-Asiriya. Ngaleso sikhathi, iPheresiya laliyisifundazwe esingaphansi kweMediya, kodwa uKoresi wavukela, iMediya lahlanganiswa nePheresiya ukuze kwakhiwe uMbuso WamaMede NamaPheresiya owanqoba uMbuso WaseBhabhiloni Elisha ngo-539 B.C.E. AmaMede ayekhona eJerusalema ngePhentekoste lika-33 C.E. (Dan 5:28, 31; IzE 2:9)—Bheka iSithasiselo B9.
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uMerodaki.
Unkulunkulu oyinhloko wedolobha laseBhabhiloni. Ngemva kokuba inkosi yaseBhabhiloni nomniki-mthetho uHammurabi benze iBhabhiloni laba yinhloko-dolobha, uMerodaki (noma uMarduk) waba unkulunkulu ohlonishwa nakakhulu, wagcina engena ezikhundleni zonkulunkulu abaningi bangaphambili futhi waba unkulunkulu oyinhloko konkulunkulu baseBhabhiloni. Kamuva, igama likaMerodaki (noma uMarduk) lathathelwa indawo yisiqu esithi “Belu” (“Umnikazi”), ngokuvamile uMerodaki kwase kubhekiselwa kuye ngokuthi uBheli.—Jer 50:2.
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uMesiya.
Yigama elisuselwe kwelesiHebheru elisho “ogcotshiwe.” Elithi “Kristu” yigama elifanayo elisuselwa esiGrekini.—Dan 9:25; Joh 1:41.
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iMfihlo engcwele.
Ingxenye ethile yenjongo kaNkulunkulu evela kuNkulunkulu, igcinwa iyimfihlo kuze kube yisikhathi sakhe, futhi yambulelwa kuphela labo akhetha ukubambulela yona.—Mar 4:11; Kol 1:26.
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uMhlanga wokukala.
Umhlanga wokukala wawuyizingalo eziyisithupha ubude. Ngokwengalo evamile ungu-2,67 m; ngokwengalo ende ungu-3,11 m. (Hez 40:3, 5; IsA 11:1)—Bheka iSithasiselo B14.
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iMiktamu.
Yigama lesiHebheru elisetshenziswe emibhalweni engenhla kumahubo ayisithupha (Hu 16; 56–60). Yigama okungaqinisekwa ngencazelo yalo, nakuba lingase lihlotshaniswe negama elithi “okuqoshiwe.”
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uMilkomu.
Unkulunkulu owayekhonzwa ama-Amoni, cishe uyafana nonkulunkulu okuthiwa uMoleki. (1Kh 11:5, 7) Ngasekupheleni kokubusa kwakhe, uSolomoni wakhela lo nkulunkulu wamanga izindawo eziphakeme.—Bheka UMOLEKI.
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oneMimoya.
Umuntu othi ukwazi ukukhuluma nabantu abafile.—Lev 20:27; Dut 18:10-12; 2Kh 21:6.
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uMina.
Ubizwa ngokuthi imane kuHezekeli. Yisilinganiso sesisindo nesemali. Ngenxa yobufakazi bemivubukulo bokuthi umina wawulingana namashekeli angu-50, nokuthi ishekeli lalinesisindo esingu-11,4 g, umina okukhulunywa ngawo emiBhalweni YesiHebheru wawunesisindo esingu-570 g. Kungenzeka futhi kwakunomina wasebukhosini njengoba kwakunjalo ngengalo (cubit). EmiBhalweni YamaKristu YesiGreki, umina wawulingana namadrakma angu-100. Wawunesisindo esingu-340 g. Omina abangu-60 babelingana nethalenta. (Ezr 2:69; Luk 19:13)—Bheka iSithasiselo B14.
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uMkhosi Wamadokodo.
Ubizwa nangokuthi uMkhosi WamaTabernakele noma uMkhosi Wokubutha. Wawugujwa ngo-Ethanimi 15-21. Kwakungowokubungaza isivuno sasekupheleni konyaka wezolimo kuma-Israyeli, futhi kwakuyisikhathi sokujabula nokubonga ngenxa yesibusiso sikaJehova esivunweni sawo. Phakathi nezinsuku zalo mkhosi, abantu babehlala emadokodweni noma ezindaweni ezinompheme, ukuze bakhumbule ukuFuduka kwabo bephuma eGibhithe. Wawungeminye yemikhosi emithathu okwakudingeka abesilisa baye kuyo eJerusalema ukuze bayowugubha.—Lev 23:34; Ezr 3:4.
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uMkhosi Wesinkwa Esingenamvubelo.
Umkhosi wokuqala kwemithathu emikhulu yaminyaka yonke kwa-Israyeli. Wawuqala ngoNisani 15, ngosuku olungemva kwePhasika, uqhubeke izinsuku eziyisikhombisa. Kwakudliwa isinkwa esingenamvubelo kuphela ukuze kukhunjulwe ukuFuduka eGibhithe.—Eks 23:15; Mar 14:1.
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uMkhosi Wesivuno; uMkhosi Wamasonto.—
Bheka IPHENTEKOSTE.
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uMkhosi Wokunikezela.
Usuku olwaluba khona minyaka yonke lokukhumbula ukuhlanzwa kwethempeli ngemva kokungcoliswa kwalo u-Antiochus Epiphanes. Lo mkhosi wawuqala ngoKhisilevi 25 udonse izinsuku ezingu-8.—Joh 10:22.
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uMlamuleli.
Umuntu oba phakathi kwamaqembu amabili ukuze awenze abuyisane. EmiBhalweni, uMose noJesu bangabalamuleli boMthetho wesivumelwano kanye nowesivumelwano esisha.—Gal 3:19; 1Ti 2:5.
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uMmeli Oyinhloko.
Yigama lesiGreki elisho “uMholi Oyinhloko.” Libhekisela endimeni ebalulekile kaJesu Kristu ekukhululeni abantu abathembekile emiphumeleni ebulalayo yesono nasekubaholeleni ekuphileni okuphakade.—IzE 3:15; 5:31; Heb 2:10; 12:2.
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uMoleki.
Unkulunkulu wama-Amoni; kungenzeka lifana nelithi Malkamu, Milkomu nelithi Moloki. Kungenzeka liyisiqu kunokuba libe yigama lonkulunkulu othile. UMthetho KaMose wawumnikeza isigwebo sokufa umuntu onikela ngezingane zakhe kuMoleki.—Lev 20:2; Jer 32:35; IzE 7:43.
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uMoloki.—
Bheka UMOLEKI.
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uMose, uMthetho KaMose.
NguMthetho uJehova awunika u-Israyeli esebenzisa uMose ehlane laseSinayi ngo-1513 B.C.E. Izincwadi ezinhlanu zokuqala eBhayibhelini kuvame ukubhekiselwa kuzo ngokuthi uMthetho.—Jos 23:6;Luk 24:44.
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uMoya.
Igama lesiHebheru elithi ruʹach nelesiGreki elithi pneuʹma, ngokuvamile ahunyushwa ngokuthi “umoya,” anezincazelo ezihlukahlukene. Wonke asho into engabonakali emehlweni omuntu futhi anikeza ubufakazi bamandla asebenzayo. La magama esiHebheru nelesiGreki asetshenziselwa ukusho (1) umoya ovunguzayo, (2) amandla okuphila asezidalweni zasemhlabeni, (3) amandla asenhliziyweni yomuntu engokomfanekiso ambangela ukuba asho noma enze izinto ngendlela ethile, (4) izinkulumo eziphefumulelwe ezivela emthonjeni ongabonakali, (5) abantu bomoya, kanye (6) namandla kaNkulunkulu noma umoya ongcwele.—Eks 35:21; Hu 104:29; Mat 12:43; Luk 11:13.
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uMoya ongcwele.
Amandla angabonakali uNkulunkulu awasebenzisayo ukuze afeze intando yakhe. Ungcwele ngenxa yokuthi uvela kuJehova, ohlanzekile nolunge ngezinga eliphakeme kakhulu, nangenxa yokuthi uyindlela kaNkulunkulu yokufeza okungcwele.—Luk 1:35; IzE 1:8.
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iMpango.
Impahla yomuntu noma yasendlini, imfuyo noma ezinye izinto zenani elikhulu ezithathwa yisitha salowo onqotshiwe.—Jos 7:21; 22:8; Heb 7:4.
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iMpepho.
Ingxube yenhlaka enephunga elimnandi namabhalsamu asha kancane kancane, akhiphe iphunga elimnandi. Kwakwenziwa impepho ekhethekile enezithako ezine ezosetshenziswa etabernakele nasethempelini. Yayishiswa ekuseni nasebusuku e-altare lempepho eNgcwele, ngoSuku Lokuhlawulelwa yayishiswa ngaphakathi eNgcwelengcwele. Lokhu kwakuwuphawu lokwamukelwa kwemithandazo yezinceku zikaNkulunkulu ezithembekile. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo kwakungeyona imfuneko kumaKristu.—Eks 30:34, 35; Lev 16:13; IsA 5:8.
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iziMpondo ze-altare.
Okuthile okumise okwezimpondo okwelulekela ngaphandle kusuka emakhoneni amane ama-altare athile. (Lev 8:15; 1Kh 2:28)—Bheka iSithasiselo B5 no-B8.
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uMthetho.
Uma libhalwe ngosonhlamvukazi, leli gama libhekisela eMthethweni KaMose noma ezincwadini ezinhlanu zokuqala zeBhayibheli. Uma libhalwe ngamagama amancane, lingase libhekisele emithethweni ethile eseMthethweni KaMose noma esimisweni somthetho.—Num 15:16; Dut 4:8; Mat 7:12; Gal 3:24.
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oMubi.
Indlela okubizwa ngayo uSathane uDeveli, ophikisana noNkulunkulu nezimfuneko zakhe ezilungile.—Mat 6:13; 1Jo 5:19.
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iMure.
Inomfi enuka kamnandi etholakala ezinhlotsheni ezihlukahlukene zezihlahla zameva noma zezihlahla ezincane zohlobo lwe-Commiphora. Imure yayingesinye sezithako zamafutha okugcoba angcwele. Yayisetshenziselwa ukunukisa kamnandi izinto ezinjengezingubo noma imibhede, yayifakwa nasemafutheni okubhucunga umzimba nasezintweni zokugcoba. Imure yayiphinde isetshenziswe nasezidunjini ezilungiselelwa ukungcwatshwa.—Eks 30:23; IzA 7:17; Joh 19:39.
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uMusa omkhulu.
Igama lesiGreki elinomqondo wento eyamukelekayo nenhle. Leli gama livame ukusetshenziselwa isipho somusa noma ukupha ngomusa. Lapho libhekisela emseni omkhulu kaNkulunkulu, leli gama lichaza isipho samahhala uNkulunkulu 2Ko 6:1; Efe 1:7.asinikeza ngesandla esivulekile engalindele kubuyiselwa ngalutho. Ngakho, libonisa ukupha kukaNkulunkulu ngesandla esivulekile nothando olukhulu nomusa awubonisa abantu. Leli gama lesiGreki libuye lihunyushwe ngokuthi “umusa” nokuthi “isipho somusa.” Umuntu uwuthola engawusebenzelanga noma ungamfanele, uboniswa ngenxa nje yesandla esivulekile salowo owubonisayo.—
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iMuthi-labheni.
Yigama elisembhalweni ongenhla weHubo 9. Ngokwemvelaphi yalo, lalisho ukuthi “mayelana nokufa kwendodana.” Abanye basikisela ukuthi kwakuyigama noma amazwi okuvula engoma ejwayelekile okwakumelwe isetshenziswe lapho kuculwa leli hubo.
N
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iNadi.
Amafutha abizayo anuka kamnandi anombala obomvana, akhishwa esitshalweni okuthiwa isipikenadi (Nardostachys jatamansi ). Ngenxa yokuthi yayibiza, inadi yayivame ukuxutshwa namafutha ezinga eliphansi futhi ngezinye izikhathi kwakuba inadi lomgunyathi. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi bobabili uMarku noJohane bathi “inadi loqobo” elasetshenziswa kuJesu.—Mar 14:3; Joh 12:3.
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umNazaretha.
Igama uJesu ayebizwa ngalo njengoba ayevela edolobhaneni okuthiwa yiNazaretha. Cishe lihlobene negama lesiHebheru elisetshenziswe ku-Isaya 11:1 elithi “ihlumela.” Nabalandeli bakaJesu babizwa ngalo kamuva.—Mat 2:23; IzE 24:5.
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umNaziri.
Yigama lolimi lwesiHebheru elisho “Okhethiwe,” “Onikelwe,” “Ohlukanisiwe.” Kwakunezigaba ezimbili zamaNaziri: yilawo ayezikhethele nalawo ayekhethwe nguNkulunkulu. Owesilisa noma owesifazane wayengenza isifungo esikhethekile kuJehova sokuphila njengomNaziri okwesikhathi esithile. Labo ababezikhethela ukwenza lesi sifungo babenemibandela emithathu eyinhloko ababebekelwe yona: kwakungafanele baphuze utshwala noma badle noma yini eyenziwe ngamagilebhisi, kwakungafanele bagunde izinwele zabo futhi kwakungafanele bathinte isidumbu. Labo ababekhethwa uNkulunkulu ukuba babe amaNaziri, babeba yiwo ukuphila kwabo konke futhi uJehova wayebabekela izimfuneko.—Num 6:2-7; Hlu 13:5.
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iNceku ekhonzayo.
Indlela okuhunyushwe ngayo igama lesiGreki elithi di·aʹko·nos, elivame ukuhunyushwa ngokuthi “isikhonzi” noma “inceku.” Elithi “inceku ekhonzayo” libhekisela kumuntu okhonza njengomsizi wendikimba yabadala ebandleni. Kumelwe ahlangabezane nezindinganiso zeBhayibheli ukuze afanelekele leli lungelo lenkonzo.—1Ti 3:8-10, 12.
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isaNcinza.
Inkosikazi yesibili ngokuvamile eyayiyisigqila.—Eks 21:8; 2Sa 5:13; 1Kh 11:3.
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iziNdaba ezinhle.
EmiBhalweni YamaKristu YesiGreki, yizindaba ezinhle zoMbuso kaNkulunkulu nezensindiso etholakala ngokuba nokholo kuJesu Kristu.—Luk 4:18, 43; IzE 5:42; IsA 14:6.
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iNdandatho yophawu.
Uhlobo lophawu olwalufakwa emunweni noma lufakwe entanjeni mhlawumbe ilengiswe entanyeni. Ibizwa nangokuthi indandatho yesigxivizo, yayiwuphawu lwegunya lombusi noma isikhulu. (Gen 41:42)—Bheka elithi UPHAWU.
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iNdawo ephakeme.
Yindawo yokukhulekela evame ukuba sesiqongweni sentaba, segquma, noma epulatifomu elenziwe umuntu. Nakuba izindawo eziphakeme ngezinye izikhathi zazisetshenziselwa ukukhonza uNkulunkulu, izikhathi eziningi zivame ukuhlotshaniswa nokukhonza onkulunkulu bamanga.—Num 33:52; 1Kh 3:2; Jer 19:5.
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uNdi lweziNtaba ZaseLebhanoni.
Enye yezintaba ezimbili eziwukhahlamba ezakha izintaba zezwe laseLebhanoni. Undi lwaseLebhanoni lusentshonalanga, undi lwe-Amana lusempumalanga. Lezi zintaba ezimbili eziwukhahlamba zihlukaniswe yisigodi eside esivundile. Cishe ukuphakama kondi lwaseLebhanoni kusuka ogwini lweMedithera, ukuphakama kwalo kulinganiselwa kumamitha aphakathi kuka-1 800 no-2 100. Endulo, iLebhanoni yayihaqwe izihlahla ezinkulu zomsedari ezaziyigugu kakhulu ezizweni ezizungezile. (Dut 1:7; Hu 29:6; 92:12)—Bheka iSithasiselo B7.
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iNdlela.
Inkulumo esetshenziswa ngokomfanekiso emiBhalweni ukubhekisela endleleni yokwenza noma yokuziphatha evunyelwa noma eyenqatshelwa uJehova. Labo ababa abalandeli bakaJesu Kristu kwakuthiwa bangabaleyo “Ndlela,” okuwukuthi, babelondoloza indlela yokuphila egxile okholweni kuJesu Kristu, belandela isibonelo sakhe.—IzE 19:9.
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iNdlovukazi Yezulu.
Isiqu sikankulunkulukazi owayekhonzwa ama-Israyeli ayizihlubuki ezinsukwini zikaJeremiya. Abanye bathi sibhekisela kunkulunkulukazi waseBhabhiloni u-Ishtar (u-Astarte). Igama likazakwabo wangaphambili waseSamariya, u-Inanna lisho ukuthi “iNdlovukazi Yezulu.” Nakuba ehlotshaniswa namazulu, wayengunkulunkulukazi wenzalo. U-Astarte ubizwa nangokuthi “iNkosazana Yezulu” embhalweni oqoshiwe waseGibhithe.—Jer 44:19.
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iNdlu engcwele.
Ngokuvamile, yindawo esetshenziselwa ukukhulekela, indawo engcwele. Nokho, izikhathi eziningi lisho itabernakele noma ithempeli eliseJerusalema. Leli gama lisetshenziselwa nokubhekisela endaweni uNkulunkulu ahlala kuyo emazulwini.—Eks 25:8, 9; 2Kh 10:25; 1Kr 28:10; IsA 11:19.
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iNduna.
Isikhulu esisesigabeni esingaphansi kwesombusi wesifunda embusweni waseBhabhiloni. EBhayibhelini, izinduna zazinegunya phezu kwamadoda ahlakaniphile esigodlweni saseBhabhiloni. Izinduna kuyakhulunywa ngazo nangesikhathi sokubusa kweNkosi uDariyu umMede.—Dan 2:48; 6:7.
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iNdunduma.
NgesiHebheru leli gama lithi “Millo” livela egameni elithi “ukugcwala.” I-Septuagint ilihumusha ngokuthi “inqaba.” Cishe kwakuwukwakheka kwendawo eseDolobheni LikaDavide kodwa akwaziwa ngokuthe ngqo ukuthi yavela kanjani.—2Sa 5:9; 1Kh 11:27.
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iNdwangu yesaka.
Indwangu eqinile eyayisetshenziselwa ukwenza amasaka, noma izikhwama, njengalezo okwakufakwa kuzo ukudla okusanhlamvu. Ngokuvamile yayelukwa ngoboya obumnyama bezimbuzi futhi kwakuyingubo esetshenziselwa ukulila.—Gen 37:34; Luk 10:13.
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iNdwayimane.
Umchilo wesikhumba noma ibhande elelukiwe lomsipha wesilwane, lekhwane noma loboya. Phakathi nendawo kwakunendawana ebanzi yokufaka okuzojikijelwa, ngokuvamile itshe. Omunye umucu wendwayimane wawuthandelwa esandleni noma esihlakaleni, bese omunye ubanjwa ngesandla futhi udedelwe lapho umuntu eshwiba indwayimane. Emabuthweni ezizwe zasendulo kwakuba nabasebenzisa izindwayimane.—Hlu 20:16; 1Sa 17:50.
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amaNefili.
Amadodana anodlame ayingxube ayezalwa amadodakazi abantu kanye nezingelosi ezazizenze abantu ngaphambi kukaZamcolo.—Gen 6:4.
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iNehiloti.
Yigama okungaqinisekwa ngencazelo yalo, elivela embhalweni ongenhla weHubo 5. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi libhekisela ensimbini yomculo efuthwayo, belihlobanisa negama lesiHebheru elihlobana ne-cha·lilʹ (umtshingo). Nokho, kungenzeka lisho ingoma.
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amaNethini.
Izinceku noma izikhonzi zasethempelini ezazingewona ama-Israyeli. Igama lesiHebheru ngokwezwi nezwi lisho “Abanikelwe,” okusho ukuthi babenikelelwe inkonzo yasethempelini. Cishe iningi lamaNethini laliyinzalo yabaseGibheyoni, uJoshuwa ayebanike umsebenzi “wokutheza izinkuni nowokukha amanzi enhlangano nawe-altare likaJehova.”—Jos 9:23, 27; 1Kr 9:2; Ezr 8:17.
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iNgalo.
Isikali esithi asilingane nobude obusuka endololwaneni kuya esihlokweni somunwe ophakathi nendawo. Ama-Israyeli ayevame ukusebenzisa ingalo ecishe ibe ngu-44,5 cm, kodwa ayesebenzisa nengalo enkulu eyayilingana nobubanzi besandla ubude, ecishe ibe ngu-51,8 cm. (Gen 6:15; Luk 12:25)—Bheka iSithasiselo B14.
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ukuNgcola.
Kungasho ukungahlanzeki emzimbeni noma ukwephula imithetho yokuziphatha. Nokho, eBhayibhelini leli gama livame ukusho into engamukeleki noma engahlanzekile ngokoMthetho KaMose. (Lev 5:2; 13:45; Mat 10:1; IzE 10:14; Efe 5:5)—Bheka elithi UKUHLANZEKA.
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Ngcwele; ubungcwele.
Yimfanelo etholakala kuJehova; yisimo sokuhlanzeka ngokuphelele ngokokuziphatha nobungcwele. (Eks 28:36; 1Sa 2:2; IzA 9:10; Isay 6:3) Lapho libhekisela kubantu (Eks 19:6; 2Kh 4:9), izilwane (Num 18:17), izinto (Eks 28:38; 30:25; Lev 27:14), izindawo (Eks 3:5; Isay 27:13), izinkathi (Eks 16:23; Lev 25:12), nemisebenzi (Eks 36:4), igama lokuqala lesiHebheru lidlulisela umqondo wokuba ohlukanisiwe, okhethekile, noma ukungcweliselwa uNkulunkulu ongcwele; isimo sokuhlukaniselwa inkonzo kaJehova. EmiBhalweni YamaKristu YesiGreki, amagama ahunyushwe ngokuthi “ngcwele” nangokuthi “ubungcwele” nawo adlulisa umqondo wokuhlukaniselwa uNkulunkulu. La magama aphinde asetshenziswe lapho kubhekiselwa ekubeni msulwa endleleni umuntu aziphatha ngayo.—Mar 6:20; 2Ko 7:1; 1Pe 1:15, 16.
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iNgcwele.
Yigumbi lokuqala nelikhulu letabernakele noma lethempeli, njengoba lihlukaniswa egunjini elingaphakathi iNgcwelengcwele. Etabernakele, iNgcwele yayinothi lwesibani lwegolide, i-altare legolide lempepho, itafula lesinkwa sokubukwa kanye nezinto zegolide; ethempelini laline-altare legolide, izinti zezibani zegolile eziyishumi namatafula esinkwa sokubukwa ayishumi. (Eks 26:33; Heb 9:2)—Bheka iSithasiselo B5 no-B8.
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iNgcwelengcwele.
Yigumbi elingaphakathi letabernakele nethempeli, lapho kwakugcinwa khona umphongolo wesivumelwano. NgokoMthetho KaMose, ngumpristi ophakeme kuphela owayevumeleke ukungena eNgcwelengcwele, futhi wayengangena kuphela uma kuwuSuku Lokuhlawulelwa lwaminyaka yonke.—Eks 26:33; Lev 16:2, 17; 1Kh 6:16; Heb 9:3.
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iziNgelosi.
Lisuselwa egameni lesiHebheru elithi mal·ʼakhʹ nelesiGreki elithi agʹge·los. Womabili la magama ngokwezwi nezwi asho “isithunywa” kodwa ahunyushwe ngokuthi “ingelosi” lapho ebhekisela ezithunyweni zomoya. (Gen 16:7; 32:3; Jak 2:25; IsA 22:8) Izingelosi ziyizidalwa zomoya ezinamandla ezadalwa uNkulunkulu kusasele isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuba adale isintu. EBhayibhelini zibizwa nangokuthi “amashumi ezinkulungwane ezingcwele,” “amadodana kaNkulunkulu,” nangokuthi “izinkanyezi zasekuseni.” (Dut 33:2; Job 1:6; 38:7) Azidalwanga zikwazi ukuzala uhlobo lwazo kodwa zadalwa ngayinye ngayinye. Zingaphezu kwezigidi eziyikhulu. (Dan 7:10) IBhayibheli libonisa ukuthi zinamagama nobuntu obuzenza zehluke kwenye nenye, noma kunjalo ngokuthobeka ziyenqaba ukukhonzwa, zize zenqabe ngisho nokwembula amagama azo. (Gen 32:29; Luk 1:26; IsA 22:8, 9) Zinezigaba ezingafani futhi zinezindima ezihlukahlukene, ezihlanganisa ukukhonza phambi kwesihlalo sobukhosi sikaJehova, ukudlulisa imiyalezo yakhe, ukungenela zisize izinceku zikaJehova ezisemhlabeni, ukukhipha izahlulelo zikaNkulunkulu nokusiza ekushunyayelweni kwezindaba ezinhle. (2Kh 19:35; Hu 34:7; Luk 1:30, 31; IsA 5:11; 14:6) Esikhathini esizayo ziyosekela uJesu lapho elwa impi i-Armagedoni.—IsA 19:14, 15.
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iNgelosi eyinhloko.
Lisho ukuthi “isikhulu sezingelosi.” Igama elithi “eyinhloko” lisho “isikhulu” noma “ophethe.” Le ncazelo, kanye neqiniso lokuthi inkulumo ethi “ingelosi eyinhloko” eBhayibhelini isetshenziswa isebunyeni kuphela, ibonisa ukuthi kunengelosi eyodwa kuphela eyinhloko. IBhayibheli liyalisho igama lale ngelosi eyinhloko, liyibiza ngokuthi uMikayeli.—Dan 12:1; Jud 9; IsA 12:7.
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ukuNgena komuntu umkamfowabo.
Isiko, kamuva elafakwa eMthethweni KaMose, lokuba indoda ishade umkamfowabo owashona engenayo indodana ukuze imzalise izingane ezizoqhubekisela phambili inzalo yomfowabo.—Gen 38:8; Dut 25:5.
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iNgoma yokulila.
Umculo ohlanganisiwe, onezosha eziveza usizi olujulile njengosizi lokushonelwa umngane noma umuntu omthandayo; isililo.—2Sa 1:17; Hu 7:0.
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iNgoma Yokwenyuka.
Umbhalo ongenhla wamaHubo 120-134. Nakuba kunemibono ehlukahlukene mayelana nencazelo yala mazwi, abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi la mahubo angu-15 ayeculwa abakhulekeli bakwa-Israyeli ababejabule njengoba ‘benyukela’ eJerusalema, elaliphezulu ezintabeni zakwaJuda beya emikhosini emithathu emikhulu yaminyaka yonke.
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iNhlaka yempepho.
Inomfi ephuma ezihlahleni noma esihlahleni sohlobo oluthile lwe-Boswellia. Lapho ishiswa, ikhipha iphunga elimnandi. Yayiyisithako sempepho engcwele eyayisetshenziswa etabernakele nasethempelini. Yayiphinde ihambisane nomnikelo wokudla okusanhlamvu futhi yayibekwa eqoqweni ngalinye lesinkwa sokubukwa esasiseNgcwele.—Eks 30:34-36; Lev 2:1; 24:7; Mat 2:11.
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iNhlangano.
Iqembu labantu elihlangene ndawonye ngenjongo ethile. EmiBhalweni YesiHebheru, leli gama livame ukubhekisela emihlanganweni yabantu bakwa-Israyeli emikhosini yenkolo noma ezenzakalweni zezwe ezinkulu ezibalulekile.—Dut 16:8; 1Kh 8:5.
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ukuziNikela kuNkulunkulu.
Ukuhlonipha, ukukhonza, nokukhulekela uJehova uNkulunkulu, lokho ukwenze ngobuqotho ngaphansi kobukhosi bakhe bendawo yonke.—1Ti 4:8; 2Ti 3:12.
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umNikelo ohlanganyelwayo.
Umhlatshelo oyiswa kuJehova oyisicelo sokuba nokuthula naye. Umuntu owunikelayo nomndeni wakhe, nompristi owawulethwa kuye nabapristi ababenza izinkonzo, bonke babewudla. Ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso, uJehova Lev 7:29, 32; Dut 27:7.wayemukela iphunga elimnandi lamafutha ashiswayo. Igazi, elimelela ukuphila, nalo lalinikwa yena. Kwakunjengokungathi abapristi nabaletha umnikelo bahlezi ndawonye noJehova bayadla, okwakubonisa ubuhlobo obunokuthula.—
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umNikelo ophuzwayo.
Umnikelo wewayini owawuthululelwa e-altare bese ulethwa kanye neminye iminikelo. UPawulu wayisebenzisa ngokomfanekiso le nkulumo ukuze aveze ukuthi wayezimisele ukuzikhandla ngenxa yamanye amaKristu.—Num 15:5, 7; Flp 2:17.
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umNikelo oshiswayo.
Umhlatshelo wesilwane owawushiswa e-altare njengomnikelo ophelele oya kuNkulunkulu; ayikho ingxenye yesilwane (inkunzi, inqama, imbuzi yeduna, ihobhe noma iphuphu lejuba) eyayigcinwa umuntu owenza inkonzo.—Eks 29:18; Lev 6:9.
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umNikelo ozuliswayo.
Lapho kwenziwa lo mnikelo umpristi wayebeka izandla zakhe ngaphansi kwezandla zomkhulekeli owayebambe umhlatshelo owawuzonikelwa aziyise le nale; noma umpristi ngokwakhe wayewuzulisa umnikelo. Lesi senzo sasimelela ukunikelwa kweminikelo eyimihlatshelo eya kuJehova.—Lev 7:30.
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umNikelo wecala.
Umhlatshelo wezono zomuntu. Wawuhlukile kancane kweminye iminikelo yesono ngomqondo wokuthi wona kwakungowokubuyisa amalungelo athile esivumelwano ayelahlekele umenzi wobubi ophendukayo ngenxa yesono ayesenzile futhi wawumkhulula esijezisweni.—Lev 7:37; 19:22; Isay 53:10.
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umNikelo wesifungo.
Umnikelo wokuzithandela ohambisana nezifungo ezithile.—Lev 23:38; 1Sa 1:21.
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umNikelo wesono.
Umhlatshelo owawunikelwa ngenxa yesono esenziwe kungahlosiwe ngenxa yobuthakathaka benyama enesono. Kwakusetshenziswa izilwane ezihlukahlukene zemihlatshelo, kusukela enkunzini kuya ejubeni, kuye ngesikhundla noma izimo zomuntu owayehlawulelwa isono.—Lev 4:27, 29; Heb 10:8.
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umNikelo wokubonga.
Umnikelo ohlanganyelwayo ohloselwe ukudumisa uNkulunkulu ngenxa yamalungiselelo akhe nothando lwakhe oluqotho. Kwakudliwa inyama yomnikelo wesilwane kanye nesinkwa esinemvubelo nesingenamvubelo. Leyo nyama kwakumelwe idliwe ngosuku ehlatshwe ngalo.—2Kr 29:31.
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ukuziNikezela, uphawu olungcwele lwako.
Ucwecwe olucwebezelayo lwegolide elihlanzekile okuqoshwe kulo amagama athi ngesiHebheru, “Ubungcwele bungobukaJehova.” Lwalufakwa ngaphambi kweduku lokushuqula lompristi ophakeme. (Eks 39:30)—Bheka iSithasiselo B5.
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Nisani.
Ngemva kokudingiselwa eBhabhiloni, leli kwaba yigama elisha lika-Abhibhi, inyanga yokuqala yekhalenda elingcwele lamaJuda nenyanga yesikhombisa yekhalenda elivamile. Yayiqala phakathi noMashi iphele phakathi no-Ephreli. (Neh 2:1)—Bheka iSithasiselo B15.
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iNkanyezi yokusa.—
Bheka IKHWEZI.
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iNkatho.
Amatshe amancane noma izinti ezincane okwakusetshenziselwa ukwenza izinqumo. Kwakufakwa emphethweni wengubo noma esitsheni bese kuxukuzwa. Kwakukhethwa inkatho eyayiphuma lapho noma eyayikhishwa. Ngokuvamile kwakuthandazwa lapho kwenziwa lokhu. Igama elithi “inkatho” lisetshenziswe ngokoqobo nangokomfanekiso, lingasho “ukwaba” noma “isabelo.”—Jos 14:2; Hu 16:5; IzA 16:33; Mat 27:35.
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iNkokhiso.
Yinkokhelo eyayikhokhwa uMbuso noma umbusi komunye umbusi njengophawu lokuzithoba, ukuze agcine ukuthula noma athole isivikelo. (2Kh 3:4; 18:14-16; 2Kr 17:11) Leli gama liyasebenza nasemalini yentela ekhokhwa abantu ngabanye.—Neh 5:4; Rom 13:7.
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iNkonzo engcwele.
Inkonzo noma umsebenzi ongcwele, ohlobene ngokuqondile nokukhonza komuntu uNkulunkulu.—Rom 12:1; IsA 7:15.
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uNkulunkulu weqiniso.
Indlela yokuhumusha igama lesiHebheru elithi “uNkulunkulu.” Ezimweni eziningi, lokhu kusetshenziswa kwesiqalo sesiHebheru kusiza ekuhlukaniseni uJehova njengowukuphela kukaNkulunkulu weqiniso kwabanye onkulunkulu bamanga. Ukuhumusha inkulumo ethi “uNkulunkulu weqiniso” ngokucophelela kuyayilondoloza incazelo egcwele yenkulumo yesiHebheru ezimweni ezinjengalezi.—Gen 5:22, 24; 46:3; Dut 4:39.
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isiNkwa esingenamvubelo.
Kushiwo isinkwa esingafakiwe imvubelo.—Dut 16:3; Mar 14:12; 1Ko 5:8.
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isiNkwa sokubukwa.
Izinkwa eziyishumi nambili ezazibekwa zibe izitaki ezimbili, zibe yisithupha ngapha nangapha etafuleni endaweni eNgcwele yetabarnakele neyethempeli. 2Kr 2:4; Mat 12:4; Eks 25:30; Lev 24:5-9; Heb 9:2)—Bheka iSithasiselo B5.Zazibizwa nangokuthi “izinkwa ezitakelene.” Lo mnikelo oya kuNkulunkulu wawukhishwa iSabatha ngalinye kufakwe isinkwa esisanda kubhakwa. Isinkwa esasisuswa ngokuvamile sasidliwa abapristi kuphela. (
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iNqola.
Inamasondo amabili, idonswa amahhashi, isetshenziswa empini ngokuyinhloko.—Eks 14:23; Hlu 4:13; IzE 8:28.
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iNsika.
Into emile yokusekela isakhiwo noma into emise okwesigxobo sokuphasa. Ezinye zazimiswa ukuze kukhunjulwe izenzo noma izigameko ezingokomlando. Izinsika sokusekela isakhiwo zasetshenziswa ethempelini nakwezinye izakhiwo zasebukhosini ezazakhiwe uSolomoni. Izizwe ezazikhonza onkulunkulu bamanga zazimisa izinsika ezingcwele ezihlobene nenkolo yazo yamanga, ngezinye izikhathi nama-Israyeli ayezenza lezi zinto. (Hlu 16:29; 1Kh 7:21; 14:23)—Bheka elithi ISIHLOKO.
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iNsika engcwele.
Insika emile, ngokuvamile eyenziwe ngetshe futhi ngokungangabazeki eyisitho sobulili sowesilisa emelela uBhali noma abanye onkulunkulu bamanga.—Eks 23:24.
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iziNsuku zokugcina.
Le nkulumo kanye nezinye ezifana nayo, njengethi “ingxenye yokugcina yezinsuku,” zisetshenziswa esiprofethweni seBhayibheli ukuze kubhekiselwe esikhathini lapho izenzakalo zomlando ziyofinyelela khona kuvuthondaba. (Hez 38:16; Dan 10:14; IzE 2:17) Kuye ngesiprofetho, lena kungase kube yinkathi eyiminyaka embalwa noma eminingi. Ngokuphawulekayo, iBhayibheli lisebenzisa le nkulumo ngokuphathelene ‘nezinsuku zokugcina’ zale nkathi yezwe, phakathi nokuba khona kukaJesu okungabonakali.—2Ti 3:1; Jak 5:3; 2Pe 3:3.
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iNtambo yokweluka eqondile.
Izintambo eziningi eziya ohlangothini olulodwa lapho kwelukwa indwangu. Izintambo ezinqamula ngaphansi nangaphezulu ezilukwa kanye nalezi kuthiwa izintambo zokweluka ezivundlile.—Hlu 16:13.
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iziNtambo zokweluka ezivundlile.
Izintambo eziningi ezivundlayo lapho kwelukwa indwangu. Lezi zazelukwa ngokushintshana zingena ngaphansi nangaphezulu kwezintambo eziqondile, ezaziya ohlangothini lobude bendwangu.—Lev 13:59.
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iziNtethe.
Izinhlobonhlobo zezintethe ezifuduka ziyiqulu elikhulu. EMthethweni KaMose zazibhekwa njengezihlanzekile ezikufanelekelayo ukudliwa. Izinkumbi ezinkulu ezidla kwasani ezihlangana nalo, ezibangela imbubhiso enkulu, zazibhekwa njengenhlupho.—Eks 10:14; Mat 3:4.
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iziNto zokucisha umlilo.
Amathuluzi ayesetshenziswa etabernakele nasethempelini, ayenziwe ngegolide noma ngethusi. Kungenzeka ayefana nezikelo zokusika izintambo zezibani.—2Kh 25:14.
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iNtonga.
Yisiqwayi noma induku ephathwa umbusi ewuphawu lwegunya lasebukhosini.—Gen 49:10; Heb 1:8.
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umuNtu obhula ngezinkanyezi.
Umuntu ofunda ukunyakaza kwelanga, inyanga nezinkanyezi ukuze abikezele izenzakalo ezizayo.—Dan 2:27; Mat 2:1.
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i-Omere.
Isilinganiso sokukala izinto ezomile ezifana nempuphu esilingana no-2,2 L noma no-1/10 we-efa. (Eks 16:16, 18)—Bheka iSithasiselo B14.
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i-Onikisi.
Itshe elithi alibe yigugu, uhlobo oluqinile lwe-agate, noma uhlobo olumibalabala lwe-chalcedony. I-onikisi linamaleya amhlophe ashintshana namnyama, ansundu, abomvu, ampunga noma aluhlaza. Lalisetshenziswa ezingutsheni ezikhethekile zompristi ophakeme.—Eks 28:9, 12; 1Kr 29:2; Job 28:16.
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isiPelite.
Ukolweni wohlobo olusezingeni eliphansi (Triticum spelta), onezinhlamvu ezingahlukaniseki kalula namakhoba.—Eks 9:32.
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ukuPhambuka; isiphambeko.
Ukweqa umthetho obekiwe; isenzo sokweqa umthetho. Liyafana nelithi “isono” eBhayibhelini.—Hu 51:3; Rom 5:14.
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iPhaphirasi.
Isitshalo esimila emanzini esinjengomhlanga esisetshenziselwa ukwenza izinto ezinjengobhasikidi, izitsha zokugcina okuthile nezikebhe. Yayisetshenziselwa nokwenza izinto okwakubhalwa kuzo ezifana nephepha. Imiqulu eminingi yayenziwe ngayo.—Eks 2:3.
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iPharadesi.
Ipaki enhle, noma ingadi enjengepaki. Indawo enjalo yokuqala kwakuyi-Edene, eyenziwa uJehova eyenzela abantu ababili bokuqala. Lapho ekhuluma nesigebengu esasiseduze kwakhe esigxotsheni Kweyesi-2 Korinte 12:4, ngokusobala leli gama lisho ipharadesi elizayo kanti embhalweni wesAmbulo 2:7 lisho ipharadesi lasezulwini.—Hla 4:13; Luk 23:43.sokuhlushwa, uJesu wabonisa ukuthi umhlaba wawuyoba ipharadesi.
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iPhasika.
Umkhosi waminyaka yonke owawugujwa ngosuku luka-14 lwenyanga ka-Abhibhi (kamuva eyabizwa ngokuthi uNisani) ukuze kukhunjulwe ukukhululwa kwama-Israyeli eGibhithe. Wawugujwa ngokuhlaba nangokosa imvu (noma imbuzi), eyayibe isidliwa nemifino ebabayo nesinkwa esingenamvubelo.—Eks 12:27; Joh 6:4; 1Ko 5:7.
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ukuziPhatha kabi ngokocansi.
Yinkulumo esuselwa egameni lesiGreki elithi por·neiʹa, elisho zonke izinhlobo zokuya ocansini okungemthetho. Kuhlanganisa ukuphinga, ukuthengisa ngomzimba, ukuya ocansini kwabantu abangashadile, ukuya ocansini nomuntu wobulili obufanayo kanye nokuya ocansini nesilwane. Isetshenziswa ngokomfanekiso encwadini yesAmbulo ngokuphathelene nesifebe esingokwenkolo esibizwa ngokuthi “iBhabhiloni Elikhulu” ukuze kuchazwe ukuzihlanganisa kwalo nababusi baleli zwe ukuze lithole amandla nengcebo. (IsA 14:8; 17:2; 18:3; Mat 5:32; IzE 15:29; Gal 5:19)—Bheka elithi ISIFEBE.
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ukuziPhatha kabi okuhambisana nendelelo.
Livela egameni lesiGreki elithi a·selʹgei·a, inkulumo ephathelene nezenzo ezephula imithetho kaNkulunkulu ingcaca nezibonisa isimo sokwedelela nokungabi namahloni; umoya obonisa ukungabi nanhlonipho noma ngisho ukwedelela igunya, imithetho kanye nezindinganiso. Le nkulumo ayibhekiseli ezonweni ezincane eziwukuziphatha okubi.—Gal 5:19; 2Pe 2:7.
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umPhathi-sifundazwe.
Umbusi oyinhloko wesifundazwe esasiphethwe yiSigele SaseRoma. Wayenegunya ekuqulweni kwamacala nakwezempi, futhi nakuba izenzo zakhe zazingase zibukezwe yiSigele, wayenegunya eliphakeme kunabo bonke esifundazweni.—IzE 13:7; 18:12.
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uPhawu.
Into esetshenziselwa ukwenza isigxivizo (ngokuvamile obumbeni noma kuyingcina) esibonisa ubunikazi, ukuqiniseka kwento noma isivumelwano. Izinto zokubeka uphawu zasendulo zaziba nento eqinile (itshe, uphondo lwendlovu noma ukhuni) eqoshwe izinhlamvu zamagama nemidwebo okuphendukezelwe. Uphawu lusetshenziselwa ukufanekisela into eqinisekisiwe noma njengophawu lobunikazi noma into efihliwe noma eyimfihlo.—Eks 28:11; Neh 9:38; IsA 5:1; 9:4.
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uPhawu (Isibonakaliso).
Yinto, isenzo, isimo noma isibonakaliso esiphawulekayo esiyinkomba yento ethile, yamanje noma yesikhathi esizayo.—Gen 9:12, 13; 2Kh 20:9; Mat 24:3; IsA 1:1.
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umPhefumulo.
Lena yindlela obekulokhu kuhunyushwa ngayo igama lesiHebheru elithi neʹphesh negama lesiGreki elithi psy·kheʹ. Lapho kuhlolwa indlela la magama asetshenziswe ngayo eBhayibhelini, kuyacaca ukuthi ngokuyinhloko asho (1) abantu, (2) izilwane noma (3) ukuphila komuntu noma kwesilwane. (Gen 1:20; 2:7; Num 31:28; 1Pe 3:20; kanye nemibhalo yaphansi) Ngokuphambene nendlela igama elithi “umphefumulo” elisetshenziswa ngayo ezinkolweni eziningi, iBhayibheli libonisa ukuthi igama elithi neʹphesh nelithi psy·kheʹ, lapho esetshenziswa ezidalweni zasemhlabeni asho into ebonakalayo, ethintekayo nefayo. Kule nguqulo, ezikhathini eziningi la magama ezilimi zokuqala aye ahunyushwa ngokwencazelo yawo emongweni ngamunye, kusetshenziswa igama elinjengelithi “ukuphila,” “isidalwa,” “umuntu,” “umuntu uqobo lwakhe,” noma isabizwana (ngokwesibonelo, “mina” esikhundleni sokuthi “umphefumulo wami”). Ezimweni eziningi, imibhalo yaphansi inikeza indlela yokuhumusha ethi “umphefumulo.” Lapho kutshenziswe igama elithi “umphefumulo,” kungaba sendabeni noma emibhalweni yaphansi, kufanele liqondwe ngokuvumelana nale ncazelo engenhla. Lapho kubhekiselwa ekwenzeni into ngomphefumulo wonke, kushiwo ukuyenza ngokuzinikela okuphelele, ngenhliziyo yonke noma ngokuphila konke. (Dut 6:5; Mat 22:37) Kwezinye izimo, la magama olimi lokuqala angasetshenziselwa ukusho isifiso noma ukulangazela kwesidalwa esiphilayo. Angase abhekisele nakumuntu ofile noma isidumbu.—Num 6:6; IzA 23:2; Isay 56:11; Hag 2:13.
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isiPhelo sesimiso sezinto.
Inkathi eholela ekupheleni kwesimiso sezinto, noma isimo sezwe esibuswa uSathane. Ihambisana nokuba khona kukaKristu. Ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukaJesu, izingelosi ‘ziyohlukanisa ababi kwabalungile,’ zibabhubhise. (Mat 13:40-42, 49) Abafundi bakaJesu babefuna ukwazi ukuthi siyoba khona nini leso “siphelo.” (Mat 24:3) Ngaphambi kokuba abuyele ezulwini, wathembisa abalandeli bakhe ukuthi wayeyoba nabo kuze kube yileso sikhathi.—Mat 28:20.
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umPheme KaSolomoni.
Ethempelini ngosuku lukaJesu, kwakuyindlela yokuhamba efulelwe esempumalanga yegceke elingaphandle, abaningi babekholelwa ukuthi kwakuyingxenye esele yethempeli likaSolomoni. UJesu wahamba lapho ‘ngesikhathi sasebusika,’ namaKristu okuqala ayehlangana lapho ukuze akhulekele. (Joh 10:22, 23; IzE 5:12)—Bheka iSithasiselo B11.
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ukuPhenduka.
Ngokwendlela elisetshenziswe ngayo eBhayibhelini, leli gama lisho ukushintsha umqondo okuhambisana nokuzisola okusuka enhliziyweni ngenxa yokuziphatha komuntu kwangaphambili, izenzo ezingalungile noma lokho umuntu ahluleke ukukwenza. Ukuphenduka kweqiniso kuveza izithelo, ushintsho endleleni yokwenza.–Mat 3:8; IzE 3:19; 2Pe 3:9.
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iPhentekoste.
Umkhosi wesibili kwemithathu emikhulu, bonke abesilisa abangamaJuda okwakudingeka bayigubhe eJerusalema. Igama elithi iPhentekoste, okusho ukuthi “(uSuku) Lwamashumi Amahlanu,” yigama elisetshenziswa emiBhalweni YamaKristu YesiGreki uma kukhulunywa ngalokho okubizwa ngokuthi uMkhosi Wesivuno noma Wamasonto emiBhalweni YesiHebheru. Laligujwa ngosuku luka-50 uma kubalwa kusukela ngoNisani 16.—Eks 23:16; 34:22; IzE 2:1.
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iPheresiya; amaPheresiya.
Izwe nesizwe okuvame ukukhulunywa ngaso kanye namaMede futhi ngokusobala esihlobene nawo. Ekuqaleni komlando wawo, amaPheresiya ayehlala engxenyeni eseningizimu-ntshonalanga yendawo engamathafa asezindaweni eziphakeme, e-Iran. Ngaphansi kukaKoresi Omkhulu (ngokwezazi-mlando ezithile zasendulo owayezalwa ngubaba ongumPheresiya nomama ongumMede), amaPheresiya ayebusa amaMede, nakuba le mibuso yaqhubeka ibambisene. UKoresi wanqoba uMbuso WaseBhabhiloni ngo-539 B.C.E. wabe esevumela amaJuda ayizithunjwa ukuba abuyele ezweni lawo. UMbuso WasePheresiya wawusuka eMfuleni i-Indus empumalanga uye oLwandle i-Aegean entshonalanga. AmaJuda ayengaphansi kokubusa kwamaPheresiya kwaze kwaba yilapho u-Alexander Omkhulu enqoba amaPheresiya ngo-331 B.C.E. UMbuso WasePheresiya wabonwa uDaniyeli embonweni ungakafiki, futhi kukhulunywa ngawo ezincwadini zeBhayibheli, kweka-Ezra, ekaNehemiya neka-Esteri. (Ezr 1:1; Dan 5:28)—Bheka iSithasiselo B9.
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umPhik’ ukristu.
Leli gama lesiGreki linencazelo ekabili. Libhekisela kulokho okuphikisana, noKristu. Lingabhekisela nakuKristu wamanga, othatha indawo kaKristu. Bonke abantu, izinhlangano noma amaqembu aqamba amanga athi amelela uKristu noma athi anguMesiya noma aphikisana noKristu nabafundi bakhe angabizwa kufanele ngokuthi abaphik’ ukristu.—1Jo 2:22.
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ukuPhinga.
Yilapho indoda noma owesifazane oshadile eya ocansini ngokuzithandela nomuntu angashadile naye.—Eks 20:14; Mat 5:27; 19:9.
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iziPho zesihe.
Yizipho ezazenziwa ukuze kusizwe umuntu oswele. Akukhulunywa ngazo ngokuqondile emiBhalweni YesiHebheru, kodwa uMthetho wawunikeza ama-Israyeli iziqondiso ezicacile mayelana nesibopho anaso ngabahluphekayo.—Mat 6:2.
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uPhondo.
Libhekisela ezimpondweni zesilwane, ezazisetshenziswa njengezitsha zokuphuza, njengezitsha zamafutha, njengento yokufaka u-inki nezimonyo, nanjengezinsimbi zomculo nezinto zokwenza uphawu. (1Sa 16:1, 13; 1Kh 1:39; Hez 9:2) “Uphondo” luvame ukusetshenziswa ngokomfanekiso ukuze lumelele amandla, ukunqoba kanye nempumelelo.—Dut 33:17; Mik 4:13; Zak 1:19.
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umPhongolo wesivumelwano.
Yibhokisi elalakhiwe ngokhuni lomtholo lananyekwa ngegolide, lalihlala eNgcwelengcwele yetabernakele, kamuva lahlala eNgcwelengcwele yethempeli elakhiwa uSolomoni. Lalinesembozo segolide esiqinile esinamakherubi amabili abhekene. Izinto ezibalulekile ezaziphakathi kwakungamatshe amabili ayizicaba eMiyalo Eyishumi. (Dut 31:26; 1Kh 6:19; Heb 9:4)—Bheka iSithasiselo B5 no-B8.
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umPhostoli.
Umqondo owumgogodla waleli gama uwukuthi “othunyiwe,” lisetshenziswa kuJesu nakwabathile ababethunywe ngenjongo yokukhonza abanye. Izikhathi eziningi lisetshenziswa kubafundi uJesu abakhetha ngokuqondile baba iqembu labangu-12 abangabameleli abamisiwe.—Mar 3:14; IzE 14:14.
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iPhurimi.
Umkhosi waminyaka yonke owawugujwa ngomhla ka-14 no-15 ngenyanga ka-Adari. Kusuke kukhunjulwa ukukhululwa kwamaJuda ekuqothulweni ngesikhathi seNdlovukazi u-Esteri. Leli gama elithi pu·rimʹ okungelona elesiHebheru lisho “izinkatho.” UMkhosi WePhurimi noma uMkhosi Wezinkatho, waqanjwa ususelwa esenzweni sikaHamani sokwenza iPhure (iNkatho) ukuze anqume usuku ayezofeza ngalo itulo lakhe lokuqothula amaJuda.—Est 3:7; 9:26.
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iPimi.
Isisindo nenani amaFilisti ayelikhokhisa umuntu lapho emlolela amathuluzi ensimbi ahlukahlukene. Amatshe amaningana esisindo atholakala emivubukulweni kwa-Israyeli anezinhlamvu ezingongwaqa zesiHebheru sasendulo zegama elithi “ipimi”; isisindo sawo silinganiselwa ku-7,8 g, cishe okungaba yizingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zeshekeli.—1Sa 13:20, 21.
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i-Porneia.—
Bheka elithi UKUZIPHATHA KABI NGOKOCANSI.
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umPristi.
Umuntu owayemelela uNkulunkulu ngokusemthethweni kubantu ayebakhonza, ebafundisa ngoNkulunkulu nangemithetho yakhe. Abapristi babephinde bamelele abantu phambi kukaNkulunkulu, banikele imihlatshelo, bangenele futhi banxusele abantu. Ngaphambi kokuba kumiswe uMthetho KaMose, inhloko yomndeni yayiba ngumpristi womndeni wayo. Ngaphansi koMthetho KaMose, kwakhethwa abesilisa bomndeni ka-Aroni wesizwe samaLevi ukuba babe abapristi. Wonke amanye amaLevi esilisa ayengabasizi babo. Ekumisweni kwesivumelwano esisha, u-Israyeli ongokomoya waba yisizwe sabapristi, uJesu Kristu waba uMpristi Ophakeme.—Eks 28:41; Heb 9:24; IsA 5:10.
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umPristi omkhulu.
Elinye igama elisho “umpristi ophakeme” emiBhalweni YesiHebheru. EmiBhalweni YamaKristu YesiGreki, inkulumo ethi “abapristi abakhulu” yayibhekisela emadodeni ayinhloko ayengabapristi, cishe kuhlanganisa nanoma yibaphi abapristi abakhulu abehliswe esikhundleni nezinhloko zezigaba zabapristi ezingu-24.—2Kr 26:20; Ezr 7:5; Mat 2:4; Mar 8:31.
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umPristi ophakeme.
Ngaphansi koMthetho KaMose, ngumpristi oyinhloko owayemelela abantu phambi kukaNkulunkulu eqondisa nabanye abapristi. Ubuye abizwe ngokuthi “umpristi omkhulu.” (2Kr 26:20; Ezr 7:5) Nguye yedwa owayevumeleke ukungena eNgcwelengcwele, igumbi elingaphakathi etabernakele, kamuva ethempelini. Wayenza kanjalo kuphela uma kuwuSuku Lokuhlawulelwa lwaminyaka yonke. Inkulumo ethi “umpristi ophakeme” ibuye isetshenziswe nakuJesu Kristu.—Lev 16:2, 17; 21:10; Mat 26:3; Heb 4:14.
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umProfethi.
Umuntu uNkulunkulu abikezela ngaye izinjongo zaKhe. Abaprofethi babengabakhulumeli bakaNkulunkulu, bengagcini nje ngokudlulisela izibikezelo zokuzokwenzeka kodwa nezimfundiso zikaJehova, imiyalo nezahlulelo zakhe.—Amo 3:7; 2Pe 1:21.
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isiProfetho.
Umyalezo ophefumulelwe, kungaba isambulo mayelana nentando kaNkulunkulu noma ukumenyezelwa kwaso. Isiprofetho singaba yimfundiso ephefumulelwe mayelana nokuziphatha, amazwi awumyalo kaNkulunkulu noma isahlulelo noma isibikezelo sokuthile okuzokwenzeka.—Hez 37:9, 10; Dan 9:24; Mat 13:14; 2Pe 1:20, 21.
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umProselithe.
Umuntu oguqukele kwenye inkolo. EmiBhalweni, leli gama libhekisela kumuntu owamukele inkolo yobuJuda, okwakudingeka asokwe uma engowesilisa.—Mat 23:15; IzE 13:43.
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isiQalekiso.
Ukusongela noma ukusho inkulumo yokumfisela okubi umuntu noma okuthile. Akufanele kuphanjaniswe nenhlamba noma nolaka olukhulu. Ngokuvamile isiqalekiso siyisimemezelo esenziwayo noma ukubikezelwa kobubi, lapho senziwa uNkulunkulu noma umuntu onegunya siba njengesiprofetho futhi siba namandla.—Gen 12:3; Num 22:12; Gal 3:10.
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abaQaphi Bombusi.
Iqembu lamasosha aseRoma elamiswa ukuba libe onogada bombusi waseRoma. Leli qembu laba namandla kwezombusazwe ekusekeleni noma ekuketuleni umbusi.—Flp 1:13.
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isiQephu sesifuba.
Isiqephu esihlotshiswe ngobucwebe esasigqokwa umpristi ophakeme wakwa-Israyeli phezu kwenhliziyo yakhe noma nini lapho engena eNgcwele. Sasibizwa ngokuthi “isiqephu sesifuba sokwahlulela” ngoba sasine-Urimi neThumimi, okwakusetshenziselwa ukwembula izahlulelo zikaJehova. (Eks 28:15-30)—Bheka iSithasiselo B5.
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umQondisi.
Njengoba lisetshenziswe kumaHubo, leli gama lesiHebheru kubonakala libhekisela Hu 4:0; 5:0.kumuntu ngandlela thile owayehlela izingoma futhi eqondisa ukuculwa kwazo, owayeprakthizisa futhi eqeqesha abaculi abangamaLevi, aze ahole ngisho nalapho kuculwa ngokoqobo. Abanye abahumushi bahumusha leli gama ngokuthi “isikhulu kwezomculo” noma “umbhidi.”—
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umQulu.
Umdweshu omude wesikhumba noma wephaphirasi, obhalwe ohlangothini olulodwa, ngokuvamile owawugoqelwa endukwini. ImiBhalo yayibhalwa futhi ikopishelwa emiqulwini, okuwuhlobo lwencwadi yangesikhathi sokubhalwa kweBhayibheli.—Jer 36:4, 18, 23; Luk 4:17-20; 2Ti 4:13.
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uRahabi.
Igama elisetshenziswa ngokomfanekiso encwadini kaJobe, eyamaHubo neka-Isaya (akufanele liphanjaniswe noRahabi ongowesifazane osencwadini kaJoshuwa). Encwadini kaJobe, umongo wenza kukhanye ukuthi uRahabi okukhulunywa ngaye uyisilwane esikhulu sasolwandle; kanti kwezinye izindawo lesi silwane esikhulu sasolwandle sifanekisela iGibhithe.—Job 9:13; Hu 87:4; Isay 30:7; 51:9, 10.
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iSabatha.
Livela egameni lesiHebheru elisho “ukuphumula; ukuyeka.” Usuku lwesikhombisa lweviki lamaJuda (luqala ekushoneni kwelanga ngoLwesihlanu kuze kube sekushoneni kwelanga ngoMgqibelo). Ezinye izinsuku zemikhosi ethile phakathi nonyaka, kanye nonyaka wesikhombisa noka-50, nayo yayibizwa ngokuthi amasabatha. Ngosuku lweSabatha, kwakungafanele kwenziwe msebenzi ngaphandle kwenkonzo yabapristi endlini engcwele. NgamaSabatha eminyaka, kwakufanele kungalinywa ezweni futhi amaHebheru ayengacindezelwa ukuba akhokhe izikweletu. EMthethweni KaMose, imithetho enqabela izinto ezithile ngeSabatha yayicabangela, kodwa abaholi benkolo kancane kancane banezela kuleyo mithetho, kangangokuthi ngosuku lukaJesu kwase kunzima kubantu ukuba bayigcine.—Eks 20:8; Lev 25:4; Luk 13:14-16; Kol 2:16.
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abaSadusi.
Ihlelo elivelele lenkolo yobuJuda elalakhiwa abantu abayizikhulu abacebile nabapristi ababenegunya elikhulu ezintweni ezazenziwa ethempelini. Babewenqaba amasiko amaningi adluliselwa ngomlomo ayegcinwa abaFarisi kanye nezinye izinkolelo zabaFarisi. Babengakholelwa ovukweni noma ukuthi kunezingelosi. Babemphikisa uJesu.—Mat 16:1; IzE 23:8.
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amaSamariya.
Igama ekuqaleni elalibhekisela kuma-Israyeli ombuso osenyakatho wezizwe eziyishumi kodwa ngemva kokunqotshwa kweSamariya ngabase-Asiriya ngo-740 B.C.E., lahlanganisa nezifiki ezalethwa kule ndawo ngabase-Asiriya. Ngosuku lukaJesu, kunokuba leli gama libhekisele ohlangeni noma kwezombusazwe, ngokuvamile lalibhekisela kulabo ababengamalungu ehlelo lenkolo elaliseduze neShekemi yasendulo naseSamariya. Amalungu ale nkolo ayenezinkolelo ezithile ezazihluke kakhulu kwezobuJuda.—Joh 8:48.
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iSamariya.
Kwakuyinhloko-dolobha yombuso wakwa-Israyeli wezizwe eziyishumi zasenyakatho iminyaka engaba ngu-200, negama layo yonke indawo eyayingaphansi kwalo mbuso. Leli dolobha lalakhiwe entabeni enegama elifanayo. Ngesikhathi sikaJesu, iSamariya kwakuyigama lesifunda esasiphakathi kweGalile elisenyakatho neJudiya eliseningizimu. Ngokuvamile uJesu wayekugwema ukushumayela kule ndawo ohambweni lwakhe kodwa ngezinye izikhathi wayedlula khona akhulume nezakhamuzi zakhona. UPetru wasebenzisa isihluthulelo sesibili soMbuso esingokomfanekiso lapho amaSamariya amukela umoya ongcwele. (1Kh 16:24; Joh 4:7; IzE 8:14)—Bheka iSithasiselo B10.
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iSanhedrini.
Yinkantolo ephakeme yamaJuda eyayiseJerusalema. Ngosuku lukaJesu, yayinamalungu angu-71, kuhlanganise nompristi ophakeme nabanye abake baba sesikhundleni sokuba abapristi abaphakeme, amalungu emindeni okuvela kuyo abapristi abaphakeme, amadoda amadala, izinhloko zezizwe nezemindeni kanye nababhali.—Mar 15:1; IzE 5:34; 23:1, 6.
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uSathane.
Yigama lesiHebheru elisho “uMphikisi.” Lapho lisetshenziswe njengesiqu ezilimini zokuqala, libhekisela kuSathane uDeveli, iSitha sikaNkulunkulu esiyinhloko.—Job 1:6; Mat 4:10; IsA 12:9.
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ukuSebenzelana nemimoya.
Inkolelo yokuthi imimoya yabantu abafile ayifi lapho umuntu efa nokuthi ingakwazi ukuxhumana nabaphilayo futhi iyakwenza lokho, ikakhulukazi isebenzisa umuntu (osebenzelana nemimoya) owamukela ithonya layo. Igama lesiGreki elisho “ukusebenzelana nemimoya” lithi phar·ma·kiʹa, ngokwezwi nezwi Gal 5:20; IsA 21:8.okusho ukuthi “ukudakisa ngezidakamizwa.” Leli gama laqala ukuhlotshaniswa nokusebenzelana nemimoya ngenxa yokuthi endulo kwakusetshenziswa izidakamizwa lapho kucelwa amandla emademonini ukuze kwenziwe ubuthakathi.—
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Sela.
Yigama elisetshenziswa emculweni noma elivela ngokuphindaphindiwe kumaHubo nakuHabakuki. Lingase lisho ukuthi yima kancane lapho ucula noma lapho udlala izinsimbi zomculo, noma kokubili, ngenjongo yokuzindla buthule noma ukuze wenze okusanda kushiwo kugqame. Ku-Septuagint yesiGreki libekwe ngokuthi di·aʹpsal·ma, futhi lichazwa “njengekhefana lomculo.”—Hu 3:4; Hab 3:3.
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amaSerafi.
Yizidalwa zomoya ezizungeze isihlalo sobukhosi sikaJehova ezulwini. Igama lesiHebheru elithi sera·phimʹ ngokwegama negama lisho “abavuthayo.”—Isay 6:2, 6.
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iSeya.
Isitsha sokukala okomile. Uma siliqhathanisa nesilinganiso sebhati esikala uketshezi, lilingana no-7,33 L. (2Kh 7:1)—Bheka iSithasiselo B14.
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isiShayo.
EmiBhalweni YesiHebheru, leli gama livame ukubhekisela enhluphweni, esifweni noma enhlekeleleni eyisijeziso elethwa uJehova. EmiBhalweni YamaKristu YesiGreki, libhekisela ekushayeni noma ekubhaxabuleni ngesiswebhu esasinamafindo noma nameva ekugcineni.—Num 16:49; Joh 19:1.
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Shebhathi.
Yigama lenyanga ka-11 yekhalenda lamaJuda elingcwele ngemva kokudingiselwa eBhabhiloni, kanye nenyanga yesihlanu yekhalenda lamaJuda elivamile. Yayiqala phakathi noJanuwari ize iphele phakathi noFebhuwari. (Zak 1:7)—Bheka iSithasiselo B15.
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iShekeli.
Yisisindo sesiHebheru nenani lemali. Isisindo salo sasingu-11,4 g. Inkulumo ethi “ishekeli lendawo engcwele” kungenzeka yayisetshenziselwa ukugcizelela ukuthi isisindo kufanele sinembe noma sivumelane nesisindo esinqunyiwe esigcinwa etabernakele. Kungenzeka kwakuneshekeli lasebukhosini (elihlukile eshekelini elivamile) noma isisindo esinqunyiwe esigcinwa esigodlweni.—Eks 30:13.
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iSheminiti.
Igama elisebenza emculweni ngokwezwi nezwi elisho “okwesishiyagalombili” okungenzeka libhekisela emanothini omculo adlalela phansi. Ezinsimbini zomculo leli gama cishe lalibhekisela kulezo ezazikhipha umsindo webhesi. Ezingomeni cishe lalibhekisela emculweni oshayela phansi futhi kuculelwe phansi.—1Kr 15:21; Hu 6:0; 12:0.
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iShiyoli.
Yigama lesiHebheru elihambisana negama lesiGreki elithi “Hayidesi.” Lihunyushwe ngokuthi “iThuna” (ngosonhlamvukazi), ukuze kube nomahluko phakathi kwalo njengethuna elivamile lesintu nethuna lomuntu ngamunye.—Gen 37:35; Hu 16:10; IzE 2:31 (imibhalo yaphansi).
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okweShumi.
Ingxenye eyodwa kweziyishumi noma amaphesenti angu-10 anikezwa noma akhokhwa njengentela, ikakhulukazi ngenjongo engokwenkolo. Ukukunikela kubizwa ngokuthi ‘ukunikela okweshumi.’ (Mal 3:10; Dut 26:12; Mat 23:23) Ngaphansi koMthetho KaMose, okweshumi komkhiqizo wezwe nokweshumi komhlambi wezinkomo nowezimvu nowezimbuzi lapho wanda, kwakunikwa amaLevi unyaka nonyaka ukuze asekelwe. AmaLevi ayenikela okweshumi kwalokhu kweshumi kubapristi abayinzalo ka-Aroni ukuze abasekele. Kwakukhona nokunye okweshumi okwakunikelwa. Akuyona imfuneko kumaKristu ukuba anikele okweshumi.
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iSimiso sezinto.
Ukuhunyushwa kwegama lesiGreki elithi ai·onʹ lapho libhekisela endleleni izinto eziyiyo manje noma ezicini ezihlukanisa isikhathi esithile, inkathi noma iminyaka. IBhayibheli likhuluma “ngesimiso samanje sezinto,” lapho libhekisela endleleni izinto eziyiyo manje ezweni nasendleleni abantu abaphila ngayo. (2Ti 4:10) Esebenzisa isivumelwano soMthetho, uNkulunkulu waletha isimiso sezinto abanye abangase basibize ngokuthi inkathi yama-Israyeli noma yamaJuda. Ngomhlatshelo wakhe wesihlengo, uJesu Kristu wasetshenziswa uNkulunkulu ukuze alethe isimiso zezinto esihlukile, leso ngokuyinhloko esihlanganisa ibandla lamaKristu agcotshiwe. Lokhu kwaba yisiqalo senkathi entsha, ebonakala ngezinto ezingokoqobo ezazifanekiselwa yisivumelwano soMthetho. Lapho le nkulumo isebuningini, ibhekisela ezimisweni zezinto ezihlukahlukene, noma indlela izinto ebezilokhu ziyiyo noma ezizoba yiyo.—Mat 24:3; Mar 4:19; Rom 12:2; 1Ko 10:11.
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iSinagoge.
Yigama elisho “ukuhlangana ndawonye; umhlangano,” kodwa emibhalweni eminingi, lisho isakhiwo noma indawo amaJuda ayehlangana kuyo ukuze afunde imiBhalo, athole isiqondiso, ashumayele noma athandaze. Ngosuku lukaJesu, wonke amadolobhana Luk 4:16; IzE 13:14, 15.amakhulu kwa-Israyeli ayenesinagoge futhi emadolobheni amakhulu ayeba ngaphezu kwelilodwa.—
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iSiriya; AmaSiriya.—
Bheka elithi UMARAMU; AMA-ARAMU.
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iSirti.
Igama lamatheku amakhulu angajulile asogwini lwaseLibhiya, eNyakatho Afrika, ayesatshwa amatilosi asendulo ngenxa yokuthi ayenezihlabathi eziyingozi ezazilokhu zihlehla ngenxa yemisinga yamanzi. (IzE 27:17)—Bheka iSithasiselo B13.
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Sivani.
Ngemva kokudingiselwa eBhabhiloni leli kwaba yigama lenyanga yesithathu yekhalenda elingcwele lamaJuda nenyanga ka-9 yekhalenda elivamile. Yayiqala phakathi noMeyi iphele phakathi noJuni. (Est 8:9)—Bheka iSithasiselo B15.
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uSizi olukhulu.
Igama lesiGreki elithi “usizi” lidlulisa umqondo wokucindezeleka noma ukuhlupheka okubangelwa izimo ezicindezelayo. UJesu wakhuluma “ngosizi olukhulu” olungakaze lube khona olwaluzokwehlela iJerusalema, ikakhulu lolo kamuva olwaluzokwehlela sonke isintu ngokuqondene nokubuya kwakhe esikhathini esizayo ‘eza nenkazimulo.’ (Mat 24:21, 29-31) UPawulu wachaza lolu sizi njengesenzo sokulunga sikaNkulunkulu ngokumelene ‘nalabo abangamazi uNkulunkulu nalabo abangazilaleli izindaba ezinhle’ ezimayelana noJesu Kristu. IsAmbulo 19 sikhuluma ngoJesu njengalowo ohola ibutho lasezulwini ngokumelene ‘nesilo sasendle namakhosi omhlaba namabutho awo.’ (2Th 1:6-8; IsA 19:11-21) “Isixuku esikhulu” kukhulunywa ngaso njengesiyosinda kulolo sizi. (IsA 7:9, 14)—Bheka I-ARMAGEDONI.
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ukuSoka.
Ukusika ijwabu esithweni sangasese somuntu wesilisa. U-Abrahama nenzalo yakhe kwakumelwe basoke nakanjani, kodwa akuyona imfuneko kumaKristu. Leli gama libuye lisetshenziswe ngokomfanekiso ezindabeni ezihlukahlukene.—Gen 17:10; 1Ko 7:19; Flp 3:3.
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uSuku Lokuhlawulelwa.
Usuku olungcwele olubaluleke kunazo zonke kuma-Israyeli, lubizwa nangokuthi iYom Kippur (elisuselwa egameni lesiHebheru elithi yohm hak·kip·pu·rimʹ, “usuku lokwemboza”), olwaluba ngo-Ethanimi 10. Lolu kwakuwukuphela kosuku onyakeni umpristi ophakeme ayengena ngalo eNgcwelengcwele yetabernakele, kamuva ethempelini. Lapho wayefike anikele ngegazi lemihlatshelo ngenxa yezono zakhe, izono zamanye amaLevi kanye nezono zabanye abantu. Kwakuyisikhathi somhlangano ongcwele nesokuzila ukudla, kwakuphinde kube isabatha, isikhathi okwakungenziwa ngaso imisebenzi evamile.—Lev 23:27, 28.
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uSuku Lokwahlulela.
Usuku oluthile noma inkathi lapho amaqembu athile, izizwe, noma abantu beyolandisa khona kuNkulunkulu. Kungase kube yisikhathi okuyobulawa ngaso labo abahlulelwe njengabafanelwe ukufa, noma isahlulelo singase sivulele abanye ithuba lokuba basindiswe bathole nokuphila okuphakade. UJesu Kristu nabaphostoli bakhe bakhuluma “ngoSuku Lokwahlulela” oluzayo olungahlanganisi nje abaphilayo kuphela kodwa nalabo asebashona.—Mat 12:36.
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iTabernakele.
Itende lokukhulekela elithuthekayo elalisetshenziswa ama-Israyeli ngemva kokuFuduka esuka eGibhithe. Kwakuhlala kulo umphongolo wesivumelwano kaJehova, owawumelela ukuba khona kukaNkulunkulu futhi laliyindawo yokwenza imihlatshelo nokukhulekela. Ngezinye izikhathi libuye libizwe nangokuthi “itende lokuhlangana.” Laliwuhlaka lwamapulangwe lase limbozwa ngezembozo zelineni ezithungelwe umfanekiso wamakherubi. Lalinamagumbi amabili, elokuqala libizwa ngokuthi iNgcwele, bese kuthi elesibili libizwe ngokuthi iNgcwelengcwele. (Jos 18:1; Eks 25:9)—Bheka iSithasiselo B5.
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uTamuzi.
(1) Igama likankulunkulu wamanga owayekhalelwa abesifazane abangamaHebheru ayizihlubuki eJerusalema. Kuye kwathiwa uTamuzi wayeyinkosi eyenziwa unkulunkulu ngemva kokufa. Emibhalweni yamaSumer, uTamuzi ubizwa ngokuthi uDumuzi futhi ubhekwa njengomyeni noma isithandwa sikankulunkulukazi wenzalo u-Inanna (u-Ishtar waseBhabhiloni). (Hez 8:14) (2) Ngemva kokudingiselwa eBhabhiloni, leli kwaba yigama lenyanga yesine yamaJuda yekhalenda elingcwele noma inyanga yeshumi yekhalenda elivamile. Le nyanga yayiqala phakathi noJuni iphele phakathi noJulayi.—Bheka iSithasiselo B15.
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iTende lokuhlangana.
Inkulumo ebhekisela etendeni likaMose netabernakele elingcwele elamiswa okokuqala ehlane.—Eks 33:7; 39:32.
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ubuThakathi.
Ukusebenzisa amandla okuvunywayo ukuthi avela emimoyeni emibi.—2Kr 33:6.
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iThalenta.
Igama elisho isisindo sesiHebheru esikhulu kunazo zonke nenani lemali. Isisindo salo sasingu-34,2 kg. Ithalenta lesiGreki lalilincane, linesisindo cishe esingu-20,4 kg. (1Kr 22:14; Mat 18:24)—Bheka iSithasiselo B14.
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uThando oluqotho.
Le nkulumo ivame ukuhunyushwa isuselwa egameni lesiHebheru elithi cheʹsedh, elibhekisela othandweni olushukunyiswa isibopho, ukwethembeka, ubuqotho, nokunamathela ngokuqinile entweni. Ivame ukusetshenziswa ihlotshaniswa nothando lukaNkulunkulu ngabantu, kodwa iphinde ibe uthando abantu ababonisana lona.—Eks 34:6; Rut 3:10.
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isiThando somlilo.
Okuthile kokuncibilikisa itshe elinensimbi noma insimbi; sisetshenziselwa nokushisa izitsha zobumba nezinye izinto. Ngezikhathi zeBhayibheli, isithando somlilo sasenziwe ngezitini noma ngamatshe. Isithando somlilo sokushisa izitsha zobumba nezinto zobumba nomcako sibuye sibizwe ngokuthi uhhonela.—Gen 15:17; Dan 3:17; IsA 9:2.
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iThartharusi.
EmiBhalweni YamaKristu YesiGreki, leli gama lisho isimo esinjengejele lapho izingelosi ezazingalaleli ngosuku lukaNowa ezaphonswa khona. Kweyesi-2 Petru 2:4, ukusetshenziswa kwesenzo esithi tar·ta·roʹo (‘ukuphonsa eThartharusi’) asibonisi ukuthi “izingelosi ezona” zaphonswa eThartharusi lenganekwane yamaqaba (okuwukuthi, ijele elingaphansi komhlaba nendawo yobumnyama yonkulunkulu abaphansi). Kunalokho, sibonisa ukuthi uNkulunkulu wazehlisa endaweni yazo yasezulwini waziphuca namalungelo ezazinawo zase zehliselwa esimweni sobumnyama obukhulu bengqondo ngokuqondene nezinjongo zikaNkulunkulu ezikhazimulayo. Ubumnyama busho nesiphetho sazo, imiBhalo ebonisa ukuthi siwukubhujiswa phakade kanye nombusi wazo, uSathane uDeveli. Ngakho, iThartharusi lisho isimo esiphansi kakhulu ezehliselwa kuso lezo zingelosi eziyizihlubuki. Ayifani nendawo ‘yakwalasha’ okukhulunywa ngayo kusAmbulo 20:1-3.
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iThebeti.
Ngemva kokudingiselwa eBhabhiloni, leli kwaba yigama lenyanga yeshumi yekhalenda lamaJuda elingcwele nenyanga yesine yekhalenda elivamile. Yayiqala phakathi noDisemba iphele phakathi noJanuwari. Ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi nje ‘inyanga yeshumi.’ (Est 2:16)—Bheka iSithasiselo B15.
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iziThelo zokuqala.
Izithelo ezivunwa kuqala ngenkathi yokuvuna; isivuno sokuqala noma imikhiqizo yanoma yini. UJehova wayala isizwe sakwa-Israyeli ukuba sinikele ngezithelo zaso zokuqala kuye, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umuntu, isilwane, noma isithelo esivela emhlabathini. Isizwe sakwa-Israyeli sanikela ngezithelo zokuqala kuNkulunkulu ngoMkhosi Wesinkwa Esingenamvubelo nangePhentekoste. Inkulumo ethi “izithelo zokuqala” yayiphinde isetshenziswe ngokomfanekiso ibhekisela kuKristu nabalandeli bakhe abagcotshiwe.—1Ko 15:23; Num 15:21; IzA 3:9; IsA 14:4.
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iThempeli.
Isakhiwo esasiseJerusalema esathatha indawo yetabernakele elithuthekayo njengesikhungo esiyinhloko sokukhulekela sama-Israyeli. Ithempeli lokuqala lakhiwa uSolomoni futhi lacekelwa phansi abaseBhabhiloni. Elesibili lakhiwa uZerubhabhele ngemva kokubuya ekudingisweni eBhabhiloni futhi kamuva laphinde lakhiwa kabusha uHerode Omkhulu. EmiBhalweni, ithempeli lalivame ukubizwa nje ngokuthi “indlu kaJehova.” (Ezr 1:3; 6:14, 15; 1Kr 29:1; 2Kr 2:4; Mat 24:1)—Bheka iSithasiselo B8 no-B11.
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umThenwa.
Ngokwezwi nezwi, lisho owesilisa otheniwe. Amadoda anjalo ayevame ukumiswa esigodlweni njengabalindi noma abanakekeli bendlovukazi nezancinza. Leli gama liphinde libhekisele endodeni, eyayingeyena umthenwa ngomqondo ongokoqobo, kodwa isikhulu esasabelwe imisebenzi esigodlweni senkosi. Lisetshenziswe ngokomfanekiso libhekisela kwethi ‘umthenwa ngenxa yoMbuso,’ lowo ozithibayo ukuze azinikele ngokugcwele enkonzweni kaNkulunkulu.—Mat 19:12; Est 2:15; IzE 8:27.
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amaTherafi.
Onkulunkulu bomndeni noma izithixo, ngezinye izikhathi okwakufunwa kubo amabika. (Hez 21:21) Amanye ayelingana nomuntu futhi emise okwakhe, kanti amanye ayemancane kakhulu. (Gen 31:34; 1Sa 19:13, 16) Okutholakale emivubukulweni eMesophothamiya kubonisa ukuthi ukuba nezithombe zamatherafi yikho okwakunquma ukuthi ubani ozothola ifa lomndeni. (Lokhu kungaba yisizathu esenza uRaheli wathatha amatherafi kayise.) Akubonakali sengathi kwakwenziwa kanjalo kwa-Israyeli, nakuba babekhona ababekhonza izithombe zamatherafi ezinsukwini zabahluleli kanye nezamakhosi, futhi zazikhona phakathi kwezinto ezaqothulwa yiNkosi uJosiya.—Hlu 17:5; 2Kh 23:24; Hos 3:4.
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isiThixo; Ukukhonza izithixo.
Isithixo siwumfanekiso, singamelela noma yini engokoqobo noma ecatshangwayo abantu abangase bayikhonze. Ukukhonza izithixo kuwukukhothama, ukuthanda, ukukhulekela, noma ukuhlonipha isithixo.—Hu 115:4; IzE 17:16; 1Ko 10:14.
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iThuna.
Uma libhalwe ngamagama amancane, libhekisela ethuneni lomuntu; uma libhalwe ngosonhlamvukazi, libhekisela ethuneni elivamile lesintu, ngesiHebheru “okuyiShiyoli,” ngesiGreki “iHayidesi.” EBhayibhelini lichazwa njengendawo engokomfanekiso noma isimo lapho kushabalala khona yonke imisebenzi futhi ungasaphili.—Gen 47:30; Shu 9:10; IzE 2:31.
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iThuna (abasenkumbulweni kaNkulunkulu).
Indawo yokungcwaba okufakwa kuyo isidumbu somuntu. Leli gama lihunyushwe egameni lesiGreki elithi mne·meiʹon, elivela esenzweni esithi “khumbuza,” okudalula ukuthi umuntu oshonile uyakhunjulwa.—Joh 5:28, 29.
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ukweThwasa kwenyanga.
Usuku lokuqala lwenyanga ngayinye yekhalenda lamaJuda, olwalugcinwa njengosuku lokuhlangana ndawonye, kube nedili, kwenziwe nemihlatshelo ekhethekile. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lolu suku lwaba usuku lomkhosi obalulekile wesizwe futhi abantu babengasebenzi ngalo.—Num 10:10; 2Kr 8:13; Kol 2:16.
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Tishri.—
Bheka elithi ETHANIMI neSithasiselo B15.
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isiTokisi.
Ithuluzi lokubopha umuntu ukuze ajeziswe. Amanye ala mathuluzi ayebopha izinyawo kuphela kuyilapho amanye ayenza umzimba uhlale kabuhlungu, mhlawumbe abophe izinyawo, izandla nentamo.—Jer 20:2; IzE 16:24.
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iTopiya.
Isizwe sasendulo esasiseningizimu yeGibhithe. Kuso kwakunengxenye eseningizimu yeGibhithe lanamuhla nohhafu osenyakatho weSudan. Leli gama ngezinye izikhathi lisetshenziswa egameni lesiHebheru elithi “Kushe.”—Est 1:1.
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iTshe legumbi.
Yitshe elalibekwa ekhoneni lesakhiwo lapho kuhlangana khona izindonga ezimbili, lalibalulekile ekuzihlanganiseni. Itshe legumbi eliyinhloko yilo elaliyisisekelo; ngokuvamile kwakukhethwa eliqine kakhulu lapho kwakhiwa izakhiwo zomphakathi nezindonga zedolobha. Leli gama lisetshenziswe ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso lapho kukhulunywa ngesisekelo somhlaba, uJesu kukhulunywa ngaye ‘njengetshe legumbi eliyisisekelo’ lebandla lobuKristu, elifaniswa nendlu engokomoya.—Efe 2:20; Job 38:6.
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iTshe lokugaya.
Yitshe eliyindilinga elalibekwa phezu kwetshe elinjengalo nelalisetshenziselwa ukugaya ukudla okusanhlamvu ukuze kube ufulawa. Itshe elingaphezulu lalizungeza esikhonkwaneni esasifakwe phakathi nendawo etsheni elingezansi. Ngezikhathi zeBhayibheli, amatshe okugaya ayesetshenziswa abesifazane yiwona ayesebenza emakhaya amaningi. Njengoba emndenini ukutholakala kwesinkwa sosuku kwakuncike etsheni lokugaya, uMthetho KaMose wawukwenqabela ukuba lithathwe noma ukuba kubanjiswe ngengxenye yalo engaphezulu. Amatshe amakhulu ohlobo olufanayo ayephendulwa yizilwane.—Dut 24:6; Mar 9:42.
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i-Urimi neThumimi.
Izinto ezazisetshenziswa umpristi ophakeme ngendlela efanayo nokwakusetshenziswa ngayo inkatho ukuze kutholakale intando kaNkulunkulu lapho kudingeka impendulo evela kuJehova mayelana nemibuzo ebalulekile ethinta isizwe. I-Urimi neThumimi kwakufakwa esiqeshini sesifuba sompristi ophakeme lapho engena etabernakele. Kubonakala sengathi lezi zinto zayeka ukusetshenziswa lapho abaseBhabhiloni becekela phansi iJerusalema.—Eks 28:30; Neh 7:65.
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isiValo sesihlawulelo.
Isivalo somphongolo wesivumelwano, umpristi ophakeme ayefafaza phambi kwawo igazi lomnikelo wesono ngoSuku Lokuhlawulelwa. Leli gama lesiHebheru livela esenzweni esisho “ukumboza (isono)” noma mhlawumbe “ukwesula (isono).” Sasenziwe ngegolide kuphela, sinamakherubi amabili, ngalinye lisephethelweni ngalinye lesivalo. Ngezinye izikhathi sibizwa ngokuthi nje “isivalo.” (Eks 25:17-22; 1Kr 28:11; Heb 9:5)—Bheka iSithasiselo B5.
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imVubelo.
Yinto efakwa enhlameni noma kokuthile okuwuketshezi ukuze kukhukhumale Eks 12:20; Mat 13:33; Gal 5:9.noma kubile; ikakhulukazi engxenyeni yenhlama enemvubelo esale kuleyo ebisetshenziswa. EBhayibhelini livame ukusetshenziswa njengophawu lwesono nenkohlakalo, libuye lisetshenziselwe ukubonisa into ekhula ngasese, ibe nkulu.—
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uVuko.
Ukuvuka ekufeni. Igama lesiGreki elithi a·naʹsta·sis ngokwezwi nezwi lisho “ukuphakama; ukusukuma.” Kunezenzakalo zovuko ezingu-9 okukhulunywa ngazo eBhayibhelini, kuhlanganise nokuvuka kukaJesu evuswa uJehova uNkulunkulu. Nakuba okunye ukuvuswa kwabantu kwenziwa u-Eliya, u-Elisha, uJesu, uPetru noPawulu, ngokusobala lezi zimangaliso zenziwa ngamandla kaNkulunkulu. Uvuko lwasemhlabeni “lwabalungile nabangalungile” lusemqoka enjongweni kaNkulunkulu. (IzE 24:15) IBhayibheli likhuluma nangovuko lwasezulwini, olubizwa ngokuthi uvuko “lokuqala,” oluthinta abafowabo bakaJesu abagcotshwe ngomoya.—Flp 3:11; IsA 20:5, 6; Joh 5:28, 29; 11:25.
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isiVumelwano.
Isivumelwano esingokomthetho noma inkontileka phakathi kukaNkulunkulu nabantu noma phakathi kwamaqembu amabili abantu sokwenza into ethile noma sokungayenzi. Ngezinye izikhathi kwakuba yiqembu elilodwa kuphela elalinesibopho sokufeza imibandela (isivumelwano sohlangothi olulodwa, okwakuyisithembiso). Ngezinye izikhathi womabili amaqembu ayebeka imibandela yokufeza (isivumelwano sanhlangothi zombili). Ngaphandle kwezivumelwano ezazenziwa uNkulunkulu nabantu, iBhayibheli likhuluma ngezivumelwano eziphakathi kwabantu, izinhlanga, izizwe noma amaqembu abantu. Phakathi kwezivumelwano ezazibaluleke kakhulu kubalwa nalezo uNkulunkulu azenza no-Abrahama, uDavide, isizwe sakwa-Israyeli (isivumelwano soMthetho), no-Israyeli kaNkulunkululu (isivumelwano esisha).—Gen 9:11; 15:18; 21:27; Eks 24:7; 2Kr 21:7.
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iZazi zefilosofi ezingamaStoyiku.
Isikole samaGreki sezazi zefilosofi ezazikholelwa ukuthi injabulo incike ekuphileni ngokusebenzisa ingqondo nangokuvumelana nemvelo. Ngokombono wazo, umuntu ohlakaniphe ngempela wayengenandaba nobuhlungu noma nobumnandi.—IzE 17:18.
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uZeyusi.
Unkulunkulu ophakeme wamaGreki ayekhonza onkulunkulu abaningi. EListra, benza iphutha lokucabanga ukuthi uBarnaba unguZeyusi. Imibhalo eqoshiwe yasendulo eyatholakala eduze kwaseListra ikhuluma “ngabapristi bakaZeyusi” kanye “noZeyusi unkulunkulu welanga.” Umkhumbi uPawulu ayehamba ngawo esuka esiqhingini saseMelitha ngaphambili wawubhalwe ukuthi “amaDodana KaZeyusi,” okuwukuthi, amadodana angamawele uCastor noPollux.—IzE 14:12; 28:11.
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iZibulo.
Ngokuyinhloko, indodana yokuqala kababa (kunokuba kuthiwe indodana yokuqala kamama). Ngezikhathi zeBhayibheli, indodana yokuqala yayinesikhundla esihloniphekile emndenini futhi yayinikwa ilungelo lobunhloko emndenini lapho kushona uyise. Leli gama liphinde libhekisele esilwaneni sokuqala seduna esizelwe.—Eks 11:5; 13:12; Gen 25:33; Kol 1:15.
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ukuZila ukudla.
Ukugwema konke ukudla okwesikhathi esithile. Ama-Israyeli ayezila ukudla ngoSuku Lokuhlawulelwa, ngezikhathi zosizi, nalapho edinga isiqondiso saphezulu. AmaJuda asungula ukuba kuzilwe ukudla izikhathi ezine minyaka yonke ukuze kukhunjulwe izinhlekelele ezenzeka emlandweni wawo. Ukuzila ukudla akuyona imfuneko kumaKristu.—Ezr 8:21; Isay 58:6; Luk 18:12.
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Zivi.
Igama lokuqala lenyanga yesibili yekhalenda elingcwele lamaJuda nenyanga ka-8 yekhalenda elivamile. Yayiqala phakathi no-Ephreli iphele phakathi noMeyi. Ibizwa ngokuthi u-Iyari kuyi-Talmud lamaJuda nakweminye imibhalo yangemva kokudingiselwa eBhabhiloni. (1Kh 6:37)—Bheka iSithasiselo B15.
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iZiyoni; iNtaba iZiyoni.
Igama ledolobha lamaJebusi elinezivikelo laseJebusi elalisegqumeni eningizimu-mpumalanga yeJerusalema. Ngemva kokuba uDavide elinqobile, wakha isigodlo sakhe lapho esibizwa ngokuthi “iDolobha LikaDavide.” (2Sa 5:7, 9) IZiyoni yaba yintaba engcwele ngokukhethekile kuJehova lapho uDavide ethuthela uMphongolo kuleyo ndawo. Kamuva, leli gama lalihlanganisa nendawo yethempeli eseNtabeni iMoriya futhi ngezinye izikhathi lalisetshenziswa lapho kubhekiselwa kulo lonke idolobha laseJerusalema. Livame ukusetshenziswa ngokomfanekiso emiBhalweni YamaKristu YesiGreki.—Hu 2:6; 1Pe 2:6; IsA 14:1.