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IJografi inamagatsha amaningi abalulekile afunda izici ezahlukahlukene zeplanethi yethu. Elinye lala magatsha i-cartography. Ukudweba amabalazwe yikona okusisiza ukuthi senze amamephu esijwayele ukujika kuwo ukuze sibone izindawo ngeso lengqondo. Nokho, abantu abaningi abazi yini i-cartography noma lesisiyalo siphetheni.
Ngakho-ke, sizonikezela lesi sihloko ukuze sikutshele konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana nokuthi i-cartography iyini nezici zayo.
Inkomba
Yini i-cartography
I-Cartography igatsha lezwe elibhekene nokumelwa okuyingcaca kwezindawo zezwe, ngokuvamile ngezinhlangothi ezimbili nangokwemibandela evamile. Ngamanye amazwi, ukudweba amabalazwe kuwubuciko nesayensi yokwenza, ukuhlaziya, ukutadisha, nokuqonda amamephu azo zonke izinhlobo. Ngokungeziwe, futhi isethi ekhona yamamephu namadokhumenti afanayo.
I-Cartography isayensi yasendulo nesimanje. Izama ukufeza isifiso somuntu sokumelela ubuso bomhlaba ngokubukeka, okunzima kakhulu ngoba kuyi-geoid.
Ukuze yenze lokhu, isayensi yaphendukela ohlelweni lokuqagela olwaluhloselwe ukusebenza njengento elinganayo phakathi kwendilinga nendiza. Ngakho-ke, wakha okulingana okubonakalayo kwe-geographic contours of the Earth, ukuguquguquka kwawo, ama-engeli awo, konke kungaphansi kwezilinganiso ezithile kanye nenqubo ye-priori yokukhetha ukuthi yiziphi izinto ezibalulekile nezingabalulekile.
Ukubaluleka kwemephu
Ukuthwebula amabalazwe kubalulekile namuhla. Kuyisidingo sayo yonke imisebenzi yokuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke, njengohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe kanye nokuhamba ngobuningi bamazwekazi, ngoba zidinga ulwazi oluncane lokuthi izinto zikuphi emhlabeni.
Njengoba ubukhulu boMhlaba bukhulu kangangokuthi akunakwenzeka ukukucabangela uwonke, ukudweba amabalazwe kuyisayensi esivumela ukuthi sithole ukuqagela okuseduze kakhulu.
amagatsha we-cartography
I-Cartography inamagatsha amabili: i-cartography evamile kanye ne-thematic cartography.
- I-cartography evamile. Lezi yizethulo zomhlaba ezibanzi, okungukuthi, zonke izethameli kanye nezinjongo zolwazi. Amamephu omhlaba, amamephu wamazwe, yonke imisebenzi yalo mnyango.
- I-thematic cartography. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, leli gatsha ligxile ekumeleleni kwalo ngokwendawo ezicini ezithile, ezihlokweni noma emithethweni ethile, efana nezomnotho, ezolimo, ezezempi, njll. Isibonelo, ibalazwe lomhlaba lokuthuthukiswa kwamabele liwela ngaphakathi kwaleli gatsha le-cartography.
Njengoba sishilo ekuqaleni, i-cartography inomsebenzi omuhle kakhulu: ukuchaza iplanethi yethu ngokuningiliziwe ngamazinga ahlukene okunemba, isikali nangezindlela ezahlukene. Kuphinde kusho ukucwaninga, ukuqhathanisa nokuhlaziywa kwalawa mamephu nezethulo ukuze kuxoxwe ngamandla awo, ubuthakathaka, ukuphikisa kanye nentuthuko engenzeka.
Phela, akukho lutho olungokwemvelo mayelana nemephu: kuyinto yokucaciswa kwezobuchwepheshe namasiko, ingxenye yentuthuko yomuntu ebangelwa ngokwengxenye endleleni esicabanga ngayo iplanethi yethu.
izici ze-cartographic
Uma sikhuluma kabanzi, i-cartography isekela umsebenzi wayo wokumelela kusethi yezakhi nemiqondo eyivumela ukuthi ihlele ngokunembile okuqukethwe okuhlukile kwemephu ngokuya ngokubuka okuthile nesikali. Lezi zici ze-cartographic yilezi:
- Isilinganiso: Njengoba umhlaba mkhulu kakhulu, ukuwumela ngokubonakalayo, sidinga ukwehlisa izinto ngendlela evamile ukuze sigcine izilinganiso. Kuye ngesilinganiso esisetshenzisiwe, amabanga avame ukukalwa ngamakhilomitha azokalwa ngamasentimitha noma amamilimitha, kutholwe izinga elilinganayo.
- Ukufana: Umhlaba uklanywe waba amasethi amabili emigqa, isethi yokuqala kube imigqa ehambisanayo. Uma umhlaba uhlukaniswe waba yizinkabazwe ezimbili kusukela enkabazwe, khona-ke ukuhambisana kuwumugqa ohambisana naleyo eksisi evundlile ecatshangelwayo, ehlukanisa umhlaba ube izindawo ezinesimo sezulu, kusukela kweminye imigqa emibili ebizwa ngokuthi izindawo ezishisayo (Umdlavuza kanye neCapricorn).
- Ama-meridians: Isethi yesibili yemigqa ehlukanisa imbulunga ngokohlelo, i-meridians perpendicular to the parallels, "i-eksisi" noma i-meridian emaphakathi edlula eRoyal Greenwich Observatory (eyaziwa ngokuthi "zero meridian" noma "Greenwich meridian"). ) ILondon, ngokwethiyori iqondana ne-eksisi yokujikeleza koMhlaba. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, umhlaba usuhlukene waba izingxenye ezimbili, wahlukaniswa njalo ngo-30° nge-meridian, uhlukanisa imbulunga yoMhlaba ibe uchungechunge lwezingxenye.
- Ukudidiyela: Ngokuhlanganisa ama-latitudes nama-meridians, uthola igridi kanye nesistimu yokuxhumanisa ekuvumela ukuthi unikeze i-latitude (enqunywa ngama-latitudes) kanye ne-longitude (enqunywa ama-meridians) kunoma iyiphi indawo ephansi. Ukusetshenziswa kwalo mbono ukuthi i-GPS isebenza kanjani.
- izimpawu ze-cartographic: Lawa mamephu anolimi lwawo futhi angabona izici ezithakaselwayo ngokuya ngezimiso ezithile. Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, ezinye izimpawu zinikezwa emadolobheni, ezinye ezinhloko-dolobha, ezinye emachwebeni nasezikhumulweni zezindiza, njll.
Imephu yedijithali
Selokhu kwavela uguquko lwedijithali ekupheleni kwekhulu lama-XNUMX, zimbalwa isayensi eye yaphunyuka esidingweni sokusebenzisa ikhompuyutha. Esimweni esinjalo, i-digital cartography ukusetshenziswa kwamasathelayithi kanye nokuboniswa kwedijithali lapho kwenziwa amamephu.
Ngakho-ke indlela endala yokudweba nokuphrinta ephepheni manje isiwudaba lomqoqi kanye nokuvuna. Ngisho nomakhalekhukhwini wanamuhla olula unokufinyelela ku-inthanethi futhi ngenxa yalokho namamephu edijithali. Kunenani elikhulu lolwazi olungabuyiswa olungafakwa, futhi lungasebenza ngokuhlanganyela.
Imephu yomphakathi iyindlela ehlangene yokwenza imephu ebambe iqhaza. Ifuna ukwephula ukuchema okujwayelekile nokwamasiko okuhambisana nokuthwebula amabalazwe okungokwesiko okusekelwe kumbandela wokucabangela mayelana nendawo yomhlaba, ukubaluleka kwesifunda kanye nezinye izindlela zezombusazwe ezifanayo.
Ngakho-ke, imephu yezenhlalo yavela embonweni wokuthi angeke kube khona umsebenzi wemephu ngaphandle kwemiphakathi, nokuthi ukwenza imephu kufanele kwenziwe ngokuvundlile ngangokunokwenzeka.
Umlando we-cartography
Ukudweba amabalazwe kwazalwa ngenxa yesifiso somuntu sokuhlola nokuba sengozini, okwenzeka ekuqaleni kakhulu emlandweni: amabalazwe okuqala emlandweni asukela ku-6000 BC. c., okuhlanganisa nezithombe eziqoshiwe ezivela edolobheni lasendulo lase-Anatolian lase-Çatal Hüyük. Isidingo sokwenza amabalazwe cishe sasibangelwa ukusungulwa kwemizila yezohwebo nezinhlelo zezempi zokunqoba, njengoba lalingekho izwe elalinendawo ngaleso sikhathi.
Imephu yokuqala yomhlaba, okungukuthi, imephu yokuqala yomhlaba wonke eyaziwa umphakathi waseNtshonalanga kusukela ngekhulu le-XNUMX AD, umsebenzi kaClaudius Ptolemy waseRoma, mhlawumbe ukwanelisa isifiso soMbuso WaseRoma oziqhenyayo wokuhlukanisa ubukhulu bawo. imingcele.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, phakathi neNkathi Ephakathi, Umdwebo wamabalazwe wama-Arabhu wawuthuthuke kakhulu emhlabeni, kanti iShayina nayo yaqala kusukela ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX AD Kulinganiselwa ukuthi cishe amamephu omhlaba ayi-1.100 asinda kusukela eNkathini Ephakathi.
Ukuqhuma kwangempela kwezithombe zamabalazwe zaseNtshonalanga kwenzeka ngokwanda kwemibuso yokuqala yaseYurophu phakathi kwekhulu leshumi nanhlanu neleshumi nesikhombisa. Ekuqaleni, abadwebi bamabalazwe baseYurophu babekopisha amabalazwe amadala futhi bawasebenzise njengesisekelo sawo, kwaze kwaba yilapho ukusungulwa kwekhampasi, isibonakude, nokuhlola kubenza balangazelele ukunemba okwengeziwe.
Ngakho, imbulunga endala yasemhlabeni, isithombe esidala kunazo zonke esisekhona esinezinhlangothi ezintathu ezibonwayo zomhlaba wesimanje, eyabhalwa ngo-1492, iyincwadi kaMartín Behaim. I-United States (ngaphansi kwalelo gama) yasungulwa e-United States ngo-1507, futhi ibalazwe lokuqala elinenkabazwe abathweswe iziqu lavela ngo-1527.
Endleleni, uhlobo lwefayela le-cartographic lushintshe kakhulu emvelweni. Amashadi esitezi sokuqala enziwe ngesandla ukuze azulazule kusetshenziswa izinkanyezi njengereferensi.
Kodwa zasheshe zadlulwa ukuvela kobuchwepheshe obusha bezithombe obunjengokunyathelisa kanye ne-lithography. Muva nje, ukufika kwezinto zikagesi kanye nekhompyutha kuyiguqule unomphela indlela amamephu enziwa ngayo. Isethelayithi namasistimu wokuma komhlaba wonke manje ahlinzeka ngezithombe ezinembe kakhulu Zomhlaba kunangaphambili.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi kuyini ukudwetshwa kwamabalazwe nezici zakhona.


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UDABA: OkaDonga Gumbi
ISITHOMBE: Twitter
UPitso Mosimane we-Al Ahly useveze isizathu esenze qembu lakhe labonakala liphelelwa ngamandla ngasekupheleni komdlalo walo ne-Esperance. La maqembu abegadulisana emdlalweni womlenze wokuqala womdlalo owandulela owamanqamu kwiCAF Champions League. Kunqoba ezikaMosimane ngo 1-0.
Nokho umdlalo uphele sezibambelele ngesidindi lezi zinkunzi zaseTunisia zisho ukumuka nayo. UMosimane uthi akabasoli abadlali bakhe ngokuphelelwa ngamandla ngasekupheleni komdlalo ngoba uyasazi futhi uyasiqonda isizathu salokho.
“Into eyenze kube nzima wukuthi iqembu beligcine ukudla kusasele amahora amathathu ngaphambi komdlalo. Umdlalo ube sewuhlehliswa ngehora, okwenzwe ngaba ngamahora amane okwenze saphelelwa wumdlandla emizuzwini yokugcina esiwombeni sesibili,” ucashunwe esho kanje uMosimane ngabeKingfut.
Into eyenze umdlalo uhlehliswe isikhathi esiyihora wukuthi kube nezidubedube ngaphambi kokuqala kwawo, amaphoyisa aze asebenzisa isisi esikhalisa unyembezi ukulawula abalandeli be-Esperance.
“Asizange sithi sizokwenza lokho kube yihhawu esivika ngalo. Bekumele sigxile emdlalweni, lokho angikusho ngoba nakhu sesiwinile. Ngibacelile abadlali ukuthi behlise umoya ngoba okwabo wukudlala ibhola, hhayi ukunaka okunye okwenzekayo,” kuchaza uMosimane.
“Sikhulumile nabadlali ngaphambi komdlalo sizama ukubafaka umdlandla. Lokhu kwenzeke ngosizo lukaMohamed El-Shennawy, Saad Samir noSayed Abdel-Hafiz.
“Akumina nje ngedwa, ngisebenza neqoqo labantu abazimisele. Ngihlale ngibatshela abadlali ukuthi siyiqembu elihlangene kahle eliqinile. Sengike ngayibona i-Al Ahly iwina kukhoba abadlali abamqoka abangekho.
“Akunandaba ukuthi kudlala bani. Ngike ngabanjwa yiCorona, angangaba khona emidlalweni kodwa iqembu lawina. U-El-Shennawy ubengekho sidlala owomkhaya baseCairo neZamalek kodwa iqembu lawina.
U-Afsha naye uke akangaba khona, sawina. Iqembu yilona elibalulekile okudlula abantu ngamunye,” kuchaza uMosimane. Sekusele i-Al Ahly iqedele umsebenzi ekhaya. Makhulu amathuba okuthi uMosimane aphinde abuye naleli qembu kuleli njengoba kungenzeka adlale owamanqamu neKaizer Chiefs.

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Inkampani ihlale ibeka ukukhiqizwa okuphephile, ikhwalithi yobunjiniyela nokuqedwa ngokwesikhathi sokwakha kwasekuqaleni. Ikhasimende lokuqala yisimiso esiyisisekelo senkampani. Ukwakha ubunjiniyela bekhwalithi yikhompiyutha yokwakha imakethe. Ukulandela lo mqondo, inkampani ithole ukusekelwa okuqinile nokuqashelwa kubantu abanokuqonda kuzo zonke izindlela zokuphila.
Selokhu kwasungulwa inkampani, amaphrojekthi wokwakha ubunjiniyela benkampani kanye nokwesekwa kwezobuchwepheshe kusabalale sonke isifundazwe kanye namazwe aseningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Uma sibheka ukuthuthukiswa kwenkampani isikhathi eside, ukwesekwa kwezobuchwepheshe nokwakhiwa kwamaphrojekthi, sizokwenza uhlelo lwesifunda olubanzi futhi sifune ukubambisana okwengeziwe nawo wonke amazwe ahambisana "neBelt and Road" njengomgogodla.
Idumela elihle lenkampani, ubunjiniyela obusezingeni eliphakeme kanye nensizakalo esezingeni eliphakeme zithole udumo olukhulu kuzo zonke izizinda zempilo futhi zakha isithombe esihle kakhulu senkampani.
Isisekelo sokukhiqiza senkampani:
Steel isakhiwo ipuleti futhi kwesigaba steel ukucutshungulwa elisekela: Tianjin futhi Yunnan, China
Inkampani Yezamabhizinisi
Ngokwanda kwebhizinisi, i-China Zhenyuan Steel Structure Engineering Co, Ltd iye yangena kancane kancane ekwakhiweni kwensimu. Eminyakeni emithathu eyedlule, iphrojekthi yokwakha esizeni ibingamamitha ayisikwele angama-90000, kanti ukwakhiwa komdwebo wangaphandle nokwesekwa kokuklama kungamamitha-skwele angama-260000.


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idliso locansi likhona Ka Makhosi +27731826876
idliso locansi yasizakala kuthi indoda eyezwa wena kamnandi phansi ngomnax ebanga nawe azomukohlwa, sekezwa wena kuphela noma imufonela akayingeni nendaba yayo azoba azwa ubmnandi bakho kuphela owakho kuphela
isibambelelo : ugcoba izandla bese uyamthinta usengowakho noze nihlukaniswe ukufa -izingcabo : izinhlanga zothando ubheka wena kuphela ucabanga wena kuphela -isigcobo : uhlanganisa nokugcobhayo uyashelwa nesithandwa sakho sikulandela njenge nyosi asisuki eduze kwakho uzothuka sesincamela ukukshada -iswasho : sisusa amathunzi esimnyama ; isichitho ; nokuphuphunyelwa whatsapp me ku 0731826876


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Jenna Ortega absolutely nailed the role of Wednesday Addams in Tim Burton’s Netflix series. Her performance was psychotic, deadpan and entirely Wednesday. Of course, one of...
U-Corbin Bernsen ukwazile ukwenza ukukhishwa okubili kwesabelomali esibi kakhulu, okuqonde ngqo kuvidiyo ngesikhathi sabo. UDokotela wamazinyo nomdlalo olandelanayo waya ku-jugular nge...
Kungenzeka ukuthi uLwesithathu lusanda kufika ngesikhathi seholide Lokubonga, kodwa kakade, uchungechunge oluqondiswe ku-Tim Burton selufinyelele amarekhodi amakhulu okusakaza e-Netflix. I...
I-Aubrey Plaza kade yaba “yi-sea hag” eziqinisekisa yona. Ubuntu bakhe obumnyama kanye nekhono lakhe lokuhlekisa kudala kuyintandokazi yethu. Manje, naye...
Ifilimu elandelayo ka-M. Night Shyamalan isivele isendleleni. I-Knock esabekayo eKhabhini iyathakazelisa ngendlela emangalisayo, ikakhulukazi njengoba i-trailer yokuqala yanikeza ...
U-Elizabeth Banks unqume ukuqhakambisa amehlo ethu ngesinye sezihloko ezingachazeki, amaphosta kanye namazwibela efilimu kule minyaka eyishumi edlule. Yebo ngiyakhuluma...
I-Mean One ithatha i-The Grinch futhi ifake inqwaba yezigigaba nokwethuka esisekelweni sayo. Muva nje, amafilimu afana naleli kanye nelika-Winnie The Pooh...
NgoLwesithathu kwehle ngeholide Lokubonga futhi ibisenza zonke izinhlobo zamarekhodi eNetflix. Lo mbukiso uphela ku-cliffhanger ekhombisa ukuthi...
Enye yamafilimu athusayo aqine kakhulu kulo nyaka nokusebenza kahle kakhulu kuya ku-Mia Goth e-Pearl. Indima yakhe emangalisayo njengentombazane enengqondo futhi ephukile ...
Isiphetho sesizini esikhulu sika-Chucky siphendule uchungechunge lwaba ukhisimuzi othusayo. Unodoli obulalayo wagila i-chainsaw wehla...
I-Trick noma i-Treat Studios manje isinikeza imbuyiselo enhle ngobusuku begeyimu yebhodi yomndeni. I-Texas Chainsaw Massacre ibheke ngokusemthethweni emdlalweni omusha webhodi...
UFreddy Krueger ubuyile efilimini yakamuva yabalandeli, kaDylan's New Nightmare. Lokhu kungena okumangalisayo kubuyisa u-Dylan Porter we-New Nightmare (Miko Hughes) ...


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Okuqukethwe
- I-Diopter sight - incazelo
- Idivayisi kanye nesimiso sokusebenza kwe-diopter sight
- Amamodeli wokubona we-Diopter
- Umehluko omkhulu we-diopter sight
- Izinzuzo nezingozi ze-diopter sight
Ukuthi udubula kahle kangakanani nokuthi ushaya ithagethi akuxhomekile kuphela ekusebenzeni kwakho, uhlobo lwesikhali nezici zaso, kodwa futhi nakububanzi. Lokhu kuyisici esibalulekile sesibhamu, esifana nomgqomo nesitoko. I-diopter sight inokunemba okuphezulu futhi idumile kubathandi bokuzingela nabadubula ezemidlalo.
I-Diopter sight - incazelo
I-diopter sight isetshenziselwa i-pneumatic, ukuzingela, ukudubula ukulwa. Omunye ucabanga ukuthi lolu hlobo luphazamisa umbono omuhle futhi lulahlekelwe uma kuqhathaniswa nama-optics kanye nezinketho ezivulekile. Kodwa lapha kubalulekile ukwazi zonke izici zokusebenza kwalo mshini.
Kudingekile ukubeka isihlathi phambi kwesinqe ukuze iso lenzeka eduze nendawo engemuva. Ngakho-ke ungakwazi ukuqondisa kahle indawo yangaphambili ekuhlosweni futhi ucabangele imingcele yayo ecacile. Kubasebenzisi bale divayisi, iphutha elifanayo lijwayelekile: abantu baqala ukuqondanisa indawo yangaphambili ngokuhlobene nengemuva, iso elibonakala lincane. Kodwa lobu bukhulu banele ukudubula okuphumelelayo.
Izibhamu ezinezithombe ze-diopter zithandwa kakhulu abazingeli. Zinezinzuzo eziningi ngaphezu kwezinketho zesimanje ze-optical. I-diopter sight ikuvumela ukuthi uqondanise ngokushesha umbono wangaphambili futhi ufinyelele umgomo wakho.
I-diopter sight isetshenziswa ku-biathlon, ukudubula kwezemidlalo ngezibhamu zomoya nezincane. Ibizwa nangokuthi i-ring sight. Ngalolu hlobo, umuntu ubona impukane ngembobo ekhethekile (imbobo) futhi iqondanise isikhungo sayo nalokho okuhlosiwe.
Lo mbono ungcono ngezindlela eziningi kunomshini ovulekile. Ukuhlosisa kungenziwa ngokushesha okukhulu ngokwenza kube lula ukuvumelanisa indawo engaphambili nembobo. Ukudubula kuzobe kunembe kakhulu ngenxa yomugqa omkhulu wokubuka. Lezi zimfanelo zisiza ukudubula ngokunembe kakhulu ezimweni lapho ukukhanya kunganele.
Kuyathakazelisa! I-Optical sight ye-pneumatics: isilinganiso samamodeli angcono kakhulu namathiphu wokushuna.
Idivayisi kanye nesimiso sokusebenza kwe-diopter sight
Umgomo we-diopter sight usezicini zombono wethu. Phela, asikwazi ngesikhathi esifanayo ukugxila ezintweni eziqhelelene nomfundi, okungukuthi, asikwazi ukugxila kulokho okuhlosiwe, okuphambili nokubona kwangemuva ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ama-scopes athuthukiswa ukuze asuse ukubaluleka kokugxila ekuboneni okungemuva.
Umgomo wokusebenza ukuthi umdubuli ubheka ngasemva futhi unaka kuphela okungaphambili kanye nethagethi uqobo. Ithagethi izobonakala kahle endaweni ethile lapho kubonwa khona futhi, vele, izindlela zokuzidubula. Ngenxa yezici ezinjalo, kuvela ukudubula ngokunembe kakhulu, kunomuzwa wokuthi isibhamu ngokwaso siqondisa lapho futhi kanjani ukudubula.
Idivayisi yombono onjalo inombono wangaphambili we-classic kanye nenhloso yesakhiwo esikhethekile esine-disk eyindilinga, phakathi nendawo lapho kukhona i-peephole enobubanzi obufika ku-2 mm. Ibizwa ngokuthi "diopter". Le mbobo, noma imbobo, ingaba ngobukhulu obuhlukahlukene. Kokuncane kakhulu, ubukhali buphakeme, kodwa ukugeleza okukhanyayo kuba kuncane. Kodwa kungenxa yalokho lapho ungabona khona i-front front kanye nethagethi. Umbono ongemuva we-diopter sight uhlanganisa indawo yokukhanya futhi ngembobo kusiza ukugxila kuphela kuthagethi nesikhala esincane esisizungezile.
Izindlela ze-Diopter ziyizikophu ezisebenza kahle kakhulu lapho udinga ukudubula endaweni eqondile lapho kukhona ukukhanya okwanele. Baxhashazwa kuleyo micimbi yezemidlalo lapho izibhamu ezibonakalayo zingasetshenziswa khona.
Amamodeli esimanje alokhu okubonwayo akuvumela ukuthi ulungise ukuma okuqondile nokuvundlile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi zingafakwa kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwesikhali futhi zidutshulwe ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene. Futhi, kwezinye izinhlobo zokubuka, kungenzeka ukulungisa usayizi wembobo ngokuya ngendawo lapho ukudubula kwenziwa khona.
Amamodeli wokubona we-Diopter
Enye yezinto ezibonakala kahle ngemuva i-Scout folding sight, etholakala kusibhamu sika-Steyr. Lapho idalwa, uchwepheshe wezikhali odumile uJeff Cooper wahlomisa isibhamu ngombono ovulekile, owasiza uma i-optical main iphuka. Umshini womshini uqukethe umbono wangemuva olungisekayo kanye nokubonakala okumnyama okujwayelekile okungaphambili okusesimweni sikanxande. Umbono ongemuva utholakala endaweni yokunqamula yesimo esifiswayo, kodwa ufakwa kalula ukudubula okuhlosiwe ebangeni elifushane.
Ukubuka kwe-Diopter kufakwe kudivayisi yabakhiqizi bezikhali abadumile njengenkampani yaseMarlin.
Isikhathi esithile, i-Rigby diopter yangemuva yayithandwa kakhulu. Wasiza ukudubula okuhlosiwe ebangeni elingamamitha ayi-100 futhi angasuswa ngendlela yokuthi umgodi wakhe ungavalwanga ngamahlamvu noma amagatsha lapho ezingela. I-Rigby sight yakudala ivumela ukubonakala kwangemuva ukuthi kuphakanyiswe ngesondo elincane elifakwe ngemuva kwe-bolt tang. Umbono ongemuva utholakala ukuze ungaphazamisi ukufakwa kwama-optics.
Ukubona okulula ukukusebenzisa kwe-diopter bekukhona nezibhamu ze-American GARAND.
Okubonwayo kwe-Diopter manje akufakwanga kuphela ezimbanjeni, kodwa nakumavolovolo, ikakhulukazi kulawo mamodeli abandakanyeka ekudutshulweni kwezemidlalo futhi adinga ukuqondiswa ngokushesha lapho kuhloswe khona.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ungakhetha kanjani umbono obonakalayo we-carbine: ama-nuances we-optics, ukukala.
Umehluko omkhulu we-diopter sight
I-diopter sight iqinile kakhulu. Ingasetshenziswa kuzo zonke izimo zezulu, futhi isikhali esinaso silula futhi siyalawuleka. Ukuze udubule kahle ngesibhamu nge-diopter, udinga ukwazi umehluko othile kwezinye izitayela zokudubula.
Okokuqala udinga ukusondeza ukubona kwe-diopter eduze kweso futhi ubheke ngembobo. Ukuqonda kanjani ukuthi uhlose ngendlela efanele? I-front sight akufanele ihloswe ekuhlosweni ngokwayo, kodwa ngaphansi kwayo. Lena yindlela ongabona ngayo ngokucacile kokubili okuhlosiwe kanye nempukane. Lapho udubula, udinga ukubheka ngeso elingemuva, hhayi kulo.
I-diopter sight inika ukucija okuhle kakhulu ngenxa yesakhiwo somgodi. Uma incane, umgomo ubonakala ngokucacile. Izikhali ezinomshini onjalo zinhle kakhulu ekuzingeleni, njengoba kulula kakhulu ukudubula phansi isilwane esihambayo ebangeni elingaphezu kwamamitha ayi-100.
Ukuze uthole ukudubula okunembile, kunconywa ukuthi uthenge umbono ongemuva ngobubanzi obungu-4.8 mm. Izokuvumela ukuthi ufinyelele ilitshe ngisho nasezimeni ezingezinhle zokukhanya.
Amehlo ethu kufanele abe nombono wekhwalithi wangaphambili wekhwalithi, oza ngezinhlobonhlobo nemibala. Iyiphi ekufanele incike entweni kanye nesikhathi sosuku lokudubula kwakho. Uma emini, bese ukhetha impukane emthunzini omnyama kanye nesimo esiyindilinga, okwamanje esivame kakhulu.
Ungaba nombono onjalo cishe kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezibhamu nezibhamu zemishini. I-diopter sight ilungele ukusetshenziselwa ukudubula kude. Ngalesi sizathu, lezi zindlela zikhethwa ngabasubathi abadinga ukushaya ilitshe kude kakhulu nalo.
Abakhiqizi banikezela ngokufaka amadivayisi angeziwe esikhalini ukukusiza ukuthi uhlose ngokunembe kakhudlwana. Ungakwazi ngokuhlukana ukuthenga izinto ezingemuva, izinto zangaphambili, izinto ezibukwayo. Idivayisi ye-diopter ingathengwa esitolo sezibhamu futhi ayidingi imvume. Kubathandi bokuzingela kanye nabaqhudelana nabo abaqeqeshiwe, lokhu kuyindlela enhle.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ububanzi bokubona ebusuku bokuzingela: amamodeli edijithali angcono kakhulu.
Izinzuzo nezingozi ze-diopter sight
Ubuhle nobubi balo bubanzi kuzoxoxwa ngakho ngezansi.
Ukubuka kwe-Diopter kuvame ukusetshenziswa ngabasubathi emiqhudelwaneni yobungcweti. Mhlawumbe umehluko wayo omkhulu kwezinye izinto ezibukwayo ukuthi ayinawo amalensi akhulisa isithombe. Kodwa lapho umdubuli ebheka i-disk yokubona, ubukhulu bayo buseduze nobukhulu beso lomuntu, khona-ke kuba nomuzwa oqinile wokuthi ukudubula kuvela ngesibhamu esinamalensi.
Ububi obukhulu bedivayisi ukuthi ilinganiselwe ekusebenziseni. Ilungele ukuncintisana noma ukuzijwayeza ukudubula. Kwezinye izinhloso, ayifaneleki kakhulu, njengoba ingakuvumeli ukuthi uhlose into enkulu kunomgomo wezemidlalo.
Kodwa kwezemidlalo akanakho okulinganayo, njengoba ekuvumela ukuba uhlose ngokucophelela ukubona, ngoba umbono wangaphambili nombono wangemuva awufaki umbono. Kudingeka kuphela ukubeka isikhali ukuze umbuthano ohlosiwe ube phakathi nendawo yokuvula i-diopter sight.
Futhi, ukungalungi kuhlanganisa ukubuka okulinganiselwe okuzungezile, indawo encane yokukhanya, ukugqagqana kwethagethi, ngaphandle kwephuzu lomthelela.
Izinzuzo zama-diopters:
- ungakwazi ukugxila ngokunembe kakhulu ezintweni ezikude neziseduze zomlilo;
- kulula ukusebenza, okuthembekile futhi kuhlala isikhathi eside;
- intengo ethengekayo;
- umshini uhlangene futhi unesisindo esincane.
Okubonwayo kwe-Diopter kuyasebenza ekudubuleni kwezemidlalo. Ifanele ukuzingela futhi, kodwa hhayi njalo. Uma zisetshenziselwa ukudubula okuhlosiwe ebangeni elifushane, khona-ke lena inketho engcono kakhulu.
Uthanda kanjani isihloko?
Buza umbuzo
Umbono ovulekile uwumklamo olula futhi ovame kakhulu, ojwayelekile kumamodeli amaningi wezikhali ezincane zesimanje.
Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwamafutha anjalo utshwala obomile. Empeleni, le nto ayihlangene notshwala, kodwa igama selithathe izimpande. Okuyinhloko
amandla mechanical;
I-diopter sight ihlinzeka ngokunemba okuphezulu kwakho konke okubonwayo kwemishini, kodwa inokudlulisa ukukhanya okuncane kakhulu. Ekukhanyeni okuphansi nakusihlwa, ayisetshenziswa.
Ukuphemba umlilo
Izingubo ezikhethekile ziye zayeka kudala ukuba ingxenye yemishini yezempi yobungcweti. Ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa kwezimfanelo zayo, ibhulukwe eline-tactical libe yingxenye eyintandokazi yekhabethe labahambi, abadobi, abazingeli kanye nezinye izigaba zabantu abazisa induduzo, ukusebenziseka kanye nenkululeko yokuhamba. Ngenxa yokufakwa kabili kwendwangu ezindaweni ezisulwe kakhulu kanye nenani elikhulu lamaphakethe, lawa mabhulukwe angashintsha
I-rear sight disk isebenza njengesithiyo esivimba ngokuphelele ukugeleza kokukhanya lapho kuqondiswe khona, futhi imbobo yokuvula isebenza njenge-diaphragm. Ngayo, isithombe sokuqhathanisa sivezwa kulensi. Kulokhu, umdubuli uphoqeleka ukuthi amise umfundi ngqo emugqeni oqondiwe. Lesi ukuphela kwendawo engenzeka lapho izobonakala khona. Ukuhlosisa kuyaqondakala.
Amabhulukwe ahlakaniphile Impahla yendawo yonke yezempi, abazingeli nabadobi
Izinzuzo zokubuka okuvulekile:
kuthatha isikhathi eside ukuqeqesha amakhono.
Idivayisi yokubona evulekile - ukubona ngemuva nangaphambili kumugqa ofanayo. Kuya ngokuhluka, okubonwayo ngaphambili kuyahlukahluka ngomumo nokwakheka, futhi okungemuva kungase kube nebha egxilile noma engashintshi. Ukuze uqondise isikhali endaweni eqondiwe, umdubuli udinga ukuhlanganisa ngokubona indawo engemuva, ingaphambili kanye nethagethi ngokwayo ukuze zibe kulayini ofanayo, ncamashi maphakathi nendawo yokubona.
Zonke izikhali zokuzingela, ngaphandle kokukhetha, zifakwe ukuguqulwa okukodwa noma okunye kokubona kwemishini. Kungaphikiswana ngokuthi isibhamu esivamile siwumbono ongaphambili oyisilinda waseYurophu noma omise okwebhola laseMelika unojantshi noma ongenawo. Kodwa lokhu futhi kungenye yezinketho zombono ovulekile womshini, onembile kakhulu wokudubula isibhamu.
ukunemba okuphezulu;
nbsp I-Survival Kit iwucezu lwesisetshenziswa esibalulekile kumhambi onolwazi, isithandi sokuqwala izintaba okweqisayo noma okuthule, nanoma ubani ohamba uhambo olude noluvamile. Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu, ukuphuka noma ukulahlekelwa kwamathuluzi, ukwehluleka ekwehleni kanye nezinye i-force majeure kungaphazamisa izinhlelo. Kodwa-ke, ungethuki - kufanele uhlale uqoqwe futhi unegazi elibandayo. Ezikhathini ezinzima, isethi yezinto ezibalulekile zokusinda ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu izosiza.
Okufanayo ekuhambeni.
nbsp nbsp
Indondo Ebukhali Yokudubula Impisi
Amaphutha:
Amabhulukwe angenye yezinto ezithandwa kakhulu ku-wardrobe yawo wonke umuntu wesifazane. Abanye bancamela ukuthenga imikhiqizo eseyakhiwe, kanti abanye bayithunga ukuze bayi-ode. Kodwa kunoma yikuphi, izinto ezisetshenziswa ekuthungeni ibhulukwe zihlala ziyisici esinqumayo.
Idivayisi nomgomo wokusebenza
Ngemva kokulungisa ama-skis ahamba ngezinyawo ezinyaweni zakho, ungakwazi ngokuzethemba, ngaphandle kokucwila ekujuleni kweqhwa, unqobe umzila ohlosiwe noma uphishekele isilo sasendle. Into esemqoka ukunquma
Le ncwadi iwuhlobo lolwazi nobuciko lokuguqulwa kwamasiko abantu, isipiliyoni, izithelo zomcabango, umlando womlando wezenzakalo. idluliselwe ephepheni, esikhumbeni, ensimbi, ngogesi kanye nezinye izinhlobo zokushicilela. Le ncwadi iklanyelwe ukuzuza ulwazi futhi iyindlela ekhethekile yokuzilibazisa.
ukunemba okuhloswe okuphansi, okulinganiselwe amathuba okubona;
Ihlobo. Esikhathini esishisayo, wenqaba ukusebenzisa izinto zokwenziwa, njengoba zingasusi umswakama, ungavumeli isikhumba siphefumule. Kodwa ezemvelo zivumela umoya ukuba udlule, ukuvimbela ukushisa ngokweqile komzimba. nbsp
nbsp
Indondo Enembile Shot Hare
Izisetshenziswa ezibizayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi zinxeshezelwa ngethuba lokuthola ugesi wamahhala. Kubalulekile ukuthi ama-solar panel abe umthombo wamandla ohambisana nemvelo. Eminyakeni yamuva, izintengo zamaphaneli e-photovoltaic ziye zehla izikhathi eziningi futhi ziyaqhubeka nokwehla,
ukubumbana kanye nesisindo esincane;
Incwadi ye-nbsp iyisithelo sempucuko, isiko layo elifakwe emakhasini ombhalo kanye nangaphandle kwemifanekiso, enokuxhumana okujwayelekile kanye nesembozo sokuzivikela. Incwadi inababhali ababhali, izichasiselo, izincomo,
Idivayisi nomgomo wokusebenza
Izinzuzo eziyinhloko:
Namuhla, cishe wonke umuntu angakwazi ukuqoqa futhi athole onawo umthombo wabo ozimele kagesi kumabhethri elanga ezincwadini zesayensi, abizwa ngokuthi amaphaneli e-photovoltaic.
Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zokufana kwe-nbsp emhlabeni.
Izinhlobo zikaphethiloli owomile
Vula ukubona
Izinhlobo
Ukusebenza kokudubula akuxhomekile kuphela ekwakhiweni, izici zobuchwepheshe zesikhali noma izinga lokuqeqeshwa komdubuli, kodwa futhi nasekubonweni okusetshenzisiwe. Iyingxenye ebalulekile yesibhamu, ebaluleke kakhulu njengombhobho, isibhamu noma isitokisi.
Abanqobi abanamava bezindawo zasebusika bathi izicathulo zeqhwa zokuzingela, ihlathi noma ukuhamba ezintabeni aziyona into ebaluleke kakhulu kunesikhwama sokulala noma ikhithi yosizo lokuqala. Futhi ukujiya kwesembozo seqhwa ekuqaleni kohambo akusho lutho, asikho isiqinisekiso sokuthi imvula yaminyaka yonke ngeke ine emahoreni ambalwa.
Amamodeli awo wonke amafomu ethulwa emakethe, kodwa ngokomthamo, amatende yi-2, 3, 4-seater, kanye nalabo okuthiwa iqembu noma umndeni lapho inani elikhulu labantu lihlela ukuhlala etendeni elilodwa. Kodwa uma ngokwesibonelo itende lingelabantu abathathu, lokhu akusho ukuthi kunezindawo zabantu abangu-3 kuphela, futhi akekho omunye ongampintsha. imithwalo lapho noma umeme ezinye izivakashi ezimbalwa . Cabanga ukuthi yiliphi itende
Amaphutha:
ubulula, ukwethembeka, amandla emishini;
I-Medal Accurate Shot Goose
Inhloso eyinhloko yento enjalo njengebhande lokuphepha, i-pistol leash noma ijazi lomsele ukukhweza isikhali. Intambo yokuphepha ixhunywe esikhalini ngokusebenzisa i-carbine futhi ivumela umnikazi wesikhali ukuthi agweme ingozi yokulahlekelwa kwayo ngengozi. Intambo yesibhamu iyakwazi ukwelula, ngenxa yalokho ayibangeli ukungahambi kahle lapho igqoke. Intambo evunguzayo iyakwazi ukwelula isuka ku-13.5 cm iye ku-115 cm futhi ibuyele kalula esimweni sayo sokuqala. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inamandla okwenza
ukwethembeka;
ubulula bomklamo;
Naphezu kwenqubekelaphambili ebalulekile ezindleleni zokwenza i-nbsp fire nbsp phakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule kanye nokuba khona emakethe yemishini yokukhempa ehlukahlukene, kusukela kwezilula ezivamile kuya ku-nbsp nbsp imililo kanye nabashisi bamakhemikhali, ukufana kusalokhu kuyithuluzi elithandwa kakhulu. ukubasa imililo ye-nbsp ohambweni lokukhempa, amapikiniki neminye imisebenzi yangaphandle.
Isicelo Naphezu kwawo wonke amaphutha, izindawo ezivulekile zisetshenziswa kaningi kunabanye. Afakwe cishe kuwo wonke amasampula ezempi, isevisi kanye nezikhali ezincane ezivamile, zombili ezihlotshiswe ngezibhamu kanye ne-smoothbore. Lokhu kungenxa yokwethembeka kwawo okungavamile nokuba lula.
ukubumbana kanye nesisindo esincane.
Izinto zokwakha ze
Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kakhulu kwezikhali, kunesidingo sokuvuselelwa kwazo ngezikhathi ezithile. Ngokunembile, ukushintshwa kwezingxenye, ikakhulukazi uma zenziwe ngepulasitiki. Futhi, ungakhohlwa mayelana nokunakekelwa okufanele kwesikhali, ngenxa yokuthi ungakwazi ukunweba impilo yaso yesevisi. Abadubuli abanolwazi bayazi ukuthi iyini indima yezesekeli ezikhethwe kahle - zenza kube nokwenzeka ukuthuthukisa ukudubula, ukwenza kube mnandi futhi kukhululeke.
Isitholi sebanga i-nbsp iyithuluzi eliklanyelwe ukunquma ibanga ukusuka kusibukeli ukuya entweni. Isetshenziswa ku-geodesy, ngokugxila ezithombeni, ekubonweni kwezikhali, izinhlelo zokuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu kanye ne-nbsp, njll.
ukukhanya njalo
lula ukugcinwa, maintainability;
Ukubasa umlilo kungenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu umuntu okudingeka azenze uma efuna ukusinda emakhazeni, abaleke izilwane ezidla ezinye ezilambile futhi aziphekele ukudla. Yilapho umthombo onokwethenjelwa uba yinto yokuqala ebalulekile yokusinda ukuze ube nawe ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Isicelo Inkambu eyinhloko yokusetshenziswa kwezindawo ze-diopter ukudubula kwezemidlalo. Emifundeni yezinhlamvu zama-Olympic - amamitha ayi-10 we-pneumatics kanye nesibhamu esincane samamitha angama-50, izinto ezibonwayo ze-diopter ziyasetshenziswa, futhi izinto ezibonwayo azivunyelwe yimithetho.
I-Geodesy nbsp igatsha lemboni elihlobene nezilinganiso eziphansi. Kuyingxenye ebalulekile yomsebenzi wokwakha. Ngosizo lwe-geodesy, amaphrojekthi wezakhiwo nezakhiwo zidluliselwa ephepheni ziye emvelweni ngokunemba kwe-millimeter, izilinganiso zibalwa.
Ukubona kwe-Diopter
Ukubona kwe-diopter ( ring or aperture ), nakuba kungokwemishini, inembe kakhulu kunesivuliwe. Kulula ukuyisebenzisa ngoba umdubuli udinga umzamo omncane ukuze ahlose, kulula ukuthola indawo efanele yamehlo, umzimba kanye nomgqomo wesikhali.
ukudluliswa kokukhanya okuphansi.
Ijakhethi yamaqhinga ijazi eliklanyelwe isimo sezulu esibandayo sasebusika noma isizini yokuphumula yasentwasahlobo/ekwindla. Ngenxa yentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe esetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni kwayo, leli bhantshi linikeza isivikelo emoyeni, emvuleni naseqhweni, futhi lidala umbuso wokushisa onethezeke kakhulu womzimba. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuklanywa kwento enjalo kwathuthukiswa kucatshangelwa ukusetshenziswa kwayo ekulweni noma emisebenzini yangaphandle. Ijazi alivimbeli ukunyakaza futhi likuvumela ukuthi ufinyelele ngokushesha izikhali noma imishini.
incredible luminous flux
Indondo Isibhamu Esinembile u-Capercaillie
Umkhawulo wesikhathi we -LED okhanya ngokwedlulele futhi onamandla
Iphrofayela ye-True Shot Bear
Kutuswa ukuthi okungenani ube nezindlela ezintathu zokuqala umlilo kukhithi yokusinda: umentshisi, okolula, kanye nensimbi. Kufanele zithwalwe ezitsheni ezingangeni manzi.
Ithoshi elihlakaniphile - i-nbsp ithoshi elisetshenziswa nezikhali zokukhanyisa okuhlosiwe. Ungakwazi futhi ukuphuphuthekisa isitha okwesikhashana noma udidekise isitha ezimeni ezesabekayo ezihlukahlukene. Amathoshi ahlakaniphile anezici ezihlukahlukene eziwenza akhululeke ukuwasebenzisa futhi aphephe. Imibandela ebaluleke kakhulu
Ngaphezu kwezinto ezibonwayo ezinomzila wesitimela ogudlukayo noma ogoqwayo, ngezinye izikhathi kunezinketho ezinombono wangaphambili olungisekayo. Muva nje, izinto ezibonwa ngaphambili ze-fiber optic ezikhanyiswa nge-LED eluhlaza noma ebomvu bezidumile. Lokhu kwenza umsebenzi womdubuli ube lula kancane lapho kuhwalala, kodwa akwenzi ukubona ngokwakho kunembe kakhudlwana.
indawo yokubuka ewumngcingo;
Kanye nezikhali ezisuke kuma-muskets amadala nama-arquebus zaya ezimbanjeni zesimanje, izibhamu ezingontuluntulu namavolovolo, ukubona nakho sekushintshile. Ekuqaleni kwakuwumbono wangaphambili kuphela, ngekhulu le-16 kwavela umbono wangemuva, futhi kamuva kwaba nombono we-annular orthooptic - i-prototype yombono wesimanje wokuvula. Izinto zokubona zaqala ukusetshenziswa kamuva, kuphela ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19.
Phakathi nanoma yiluphi uhambo ngesikhathi sokuma, kuyadingeka ukunikeza iqembu le-nbsp ngokudla okushisayo. Ensimini, ungenza umlilo, kodwa hhayi yonke indawo ongayenza. Ngakho-ke, ezinye izindlela, noma kunalokho izinhlobo zikaphethiloli, zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukushisa ukudla. Ngokuvamile, izivakashi zikhetha uphethiloli owomile.
izindleko eziphansi;
Idizayini ye-diopter sight iyinhlanganisela yempukane ye-annular noma evamile ye-hemp enengqikithi ekhethekile, okuyi-disk enembobo encane enobubanzi obungu-0.5-1 mm. Le mbobo ngokwesayensi ibizwa ngokuthi i-diopter noma i-aperture.
ububanzi bokushisa bokusebenza obungenamkhawulo.
emabangeni amade, indawo engaphambili ibheka okuhlosiwe;
Ukubona ngemuva kusebangeni elincane ukusuka esweni ukuze ukwazi ukubona umphumela we-Ghost-ring (Ghost-ring) - isithunzi esiyindilinga esincanyana phambi kweso eliphambili, lapho ingaphambili ligxile khona. Kulolu hlobo lokubona, isithombe esiqondile esihlosiwe sigxile kulokho okuhlosiwe kanye nokungaboni ngaso linye ngaphambili, okugxile eringini. Ngenxa yomqondo wokulinganisa iso, umbono ongaphambili ubekwe phakathi nendawo ebonakalayo ngaphandle komzamo owengeziwe. Ukukhanya okungalingani kwezingxenye zethagethi, kanye nezakhi zengemuva ngemuva kwethagethi ezihluka ngokukhanya nombala, zinomthelela omncane ekuboneni okulungile, njengoba indawo ebonakalayo inkulu kakhulu uma iqhathaniswa nokubona okuvulekile.
I-Diffraction isenzeko sokuchezuka kokukhanya ukusuka ohlangothini lwe-rectilinear lokusakazeka lapho udlula eduze nezithiyo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma kwenzeka i-diffraction, iphethini eqondiwe noma ingxenye yayo iqala ukufiphala.
Kuvaliwe - zombili izinhlobo
Izinto ezibonwa ngomshini ezikhali ziyizakhi zesakhiwo, inhlanganisela yazo eyakha umugqa wokubuka. Lezi zingaba imigoqo eyisicaba, izimbobo kanye nezimbobo zokubunjwa okuhlukahlukene njengombono wangemuva (ukubona), kanye nezimbobo, izintambo, izinduku, izinaliti, imiphongolo njengombono wangaphambili (umbono wangaphambili).
Lolu hlobo lokubona ngemuva aluvaliwe, ngakho-ke alunazo izakhiwo zokusika ingxenye yemisebe, ngakho-ke akuthinti ukugqama kwesithombe esibonwayo noma ukujula kwensimu. Ububanzi bembobo yangemuva buthinta usayizi phakathi kodonga oluseceleni lwesikhala kanye nohlangothi lwangaphambili, okuvumela ukuma okunembe kakhudlwana noma ukubanjwa ngokushesha kwempukane esikhaleni. Lapho i-slot iba banzi, kuba lula ukuthola impukane ngokushesha, kodwa kulapho iphutha liphakama khona ekumeni kwayo. Kakade i-slot - kunzima kakhulu ukuthola ngokushesha impukane, kodwa ukubeka endaweni kunembe kakhulu. Ngendlela, umbono ongaphambili we-AK103, ocindezelwe eduze kolunye lwezindonga zombono ongemuva, uholela iqembu ohlangothini ngamasentimitha angu-12-15 ngamamitha angu-50, kanye nombono ongaphambili, ucindezelwe "ngezansi" kwe-slot. , yehlisa iqembu ngamasentimitha angaphezu kuka-50 ebangeni elifanayo. Futhi, i-diffraction iqala ukudlala, okuthi, nge-slot emincane kakhulu, iqale ukuyenza ihlukaniseke kahle, njengoba i-slot ihlangana. Usayizi omncane we-slot, lapho usabonakala ngokucacile, ubizwa ngokuthi i-optimal. Kuncike ezicini eziningi, okuyinhloko kithina izici zomuntu ngamunye zombono womdubuli.
i-parallax
UGeorgy Gubich owaziwa ngelikaZhora Nefteskvazhinsky
I-Ghost-ring evaliwe (enobubanzi obukhulu bendandatho - 3-5 mm)
Uma uqhathanisa, i-AK12 yangaphambili, icindezelwe eduze nodonga lwendandatho evamile, ihola iqembu ngendlela ehambisanayo ngamasentimitha angu-6-8 ngamamitha angu-50. , kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ikuphi. Ngiyaqaphela ukuthi ukwandisa ububanzi bomfundi ngenkathi kugcinwa ububanzi bokuvuleka kombono kwandisa ukucindezelwa kwe-parallax nakakhulu. Okusho ukuthi, kumfundi owandisiwe, ungashintsha ukubona nakakhulu, kodwa lokhu ngeke kuholele ekuhoxisweni okwengeziwe kwe-STP. Yilo mphumela osetshenziselwa izibhamu zokudubula i-biathlon kanye nezinhlamvu - "i-pancake" enkulu ifakwe emehlweni angemuva, okunciphisa ukukhanya kweso, ngenxa yokuthi umfundi uyakhula. Ngendlela, mayelana nokucindezelwa kwe-parallax, izinto ezibonwayo ze-diopter zingcono kunezinye izinto ze-collimator ne-holographic.
4. Qalisa ukucubungula ngokulawula ukugcina ukunemba kwesithombe esihlosiwe kanye nokuqondanisa kwaso nephuzu elikuqondiwe ngaphambi kokuthi kudutshulwa.
Muva nje, abantu bebelokhu bephikisana ngezinhlobo zezinto ezibukwayo - okungcono - imbobo noma imbobo, imbobo enkulu noma encane. Futhi phakathi nengxabano, kuyacaca ukuthi abaphikisi bayazi indaba yokuxoxisana kuphela ngenzwabethi, noma, okungcono kakhulu, ngemva kokujwayelana okungavamile. Isifiso sokucacisa nokuqonda kahle udaba kwakuyisizathu sokubhala lo mbhalo.
1. Ukususwa kwezikhali emgqeni wokuphokophela
ubulula bokuklama kanye nobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza
I-master-slave eye switching effect kumadiamitha amancane endandatho namabanga amafushane
Lolu hlobo lokubona ngemuva luvaliwe, ngakho-ke lunezici zokunqamula ingxenye yemisebe yokukhanya okudlulisiwe, okusho ukuthi kuthinta ukugqama kwesithombe esibonwayo. Ngakho, imbobo encane yobubanzi ayikuvumeli ukusetshenziswa kwalolu hlobo lokubona kusihlwa nasebusuku. Isikhala esingemuva sokuvula sithinta isivinini nokunemba. Isikhala esikhulu sokuvula - ukwakheka kwesithombe esiqondiwe ngokushesha, kodwa ukunemba okuphansi. Ububanzi obuncane - ukwakheka kancane kwesithombe esibonayo, kodwa ukunemba kuphezulu. Ngenxa yomphumela wokucindezelwa kwe-parallax kulolu hlobo lokubona, iphutha uma kuhloswe alinakwa. Kusho ukuthini lokhu ngokwenza? Uma nje ububanzi be-diaphragm buncane kunobubanzi bomfundi, ngisho nendawo engaphelele yombono wangaphambili phakathi nendandatho cishe ayiholeli ku-STP - umphumela we-parallax ucishe ucindezelwe ngokuphelele.
Ngakho-ke, njengesisekelo, ngathatha izinto ezibekwe ezikhalini zempi kanye nokuphuma kwazo, angicabangi ngokuqaphela amamodeli okuzingela.
Umbono ovulekile uwumbono wangemuva onesikhala esingunxande / isikwele / esimise u-U, njll. (isibonelo, umbono wangemuva we-AK wakudala).
Ububi obuncane balolu hlobo lokubona ukuthi ngaphezu kwendawo engaphambili kunengxenye yeringi yangemuva evala amehlo. Kodwa, uma kubhekwa ubukhulu bendawo ebonakalayo eringini, le nkinga ikude kakhulu. Kodwa kunenzuzo, ngokungafani nendawo evulekile - kunesikhala esibonakalayo esingezansi phezulu kwamehlo angaphambili.
Ukujula kwenkambu noma Ukujula Kwenkambu (i-DOF) ibanga elihambisana ne-eksisi yokubona emkhathini lapho izinto zikhonjiswa khona ngokucijile. Ukujula okwengeziwe kwensimu - indawo eyengeziwe igxile, okungukuthi, ibonakala kakhulu kithi. Ungakwazi ukwandisa ukujula kwenkundla ngokuvula (ukunciphisa ububanzi bokuvuleka) kwesistimu ye-optical, lokhu kuzocindezela umphumela wokuphambuka futhi kwenze izinto zibe bukhali. Isibonelo esilula. Yelula isandla sakho phambi kwakho welule umunwe wakho - lokhu kuzoba cishe uhhafu wemitha ukusuka esweni. Gxila emunweni wakho. Konke okungaphezu kwayo - imitha elilodwa ukusuka esweni nangale kwalokho, kuzoba lufifi. Kodwa uma ubheka umunwe wakho ngembobo engu-2mm (isibonelo, indawo yokuvula iringi), izinto ezingemuva kwawo ziba bukhali kakhulu. Lo mphumela usebenza lapho ububanzi be-diaphragm buncane kunobubanzi bomfundi.
Ukubona okuvaliwe
akukho mphumela wokushintsha iso eliyisigqila se-master-slave
Imbobo ye-diaphragm iyisithiyo noma ifreyimu yeyodwa yamalensi ebeka umkhawulo emisebe yemisebe evela emaphoyintini ento etholakala eksisini yokubona futhi edlula ohlelweni lwe-optical. Esimweni sethu, lolu luhlaka noma into enembobo, okuwumbono ongemuva ovaliwe.
I-Aberration - iphutha ohlelweni lwe-optical, ukwephulwa kokugxila kwemishayo yokukhanya ezindaweni eziyindilinga zamalensi, okubangelwa amazinga ahlukene okuphikisa. Esimweni sethu, ukufiphala kwezinto ezibonwayo, ikakhulukazi lezo ezingagxilile. Uma kuncipha kancane, isithombe siyacaca.
Izinhlobo zezinto ezibukwayo nezici zazo
Okunye okungalungile kwalolu hlobo lokubona ukuthi kunzima ukuyisebenzisa ezindaweni ezikhanyisiwe ezinombono wangaphambili wokuqina okujwayelekile, iqala ukulahleka ngenxa yokukhanya - uma lolu hlobo lokubona lulukhulu. eyodwa, kufanelekile ukuzama ukubeka umbono wangaphambili oshubile.
Lolu hlobo lokubona ngemuva luvaliwe, kodwa ngenxa yobukhulu bomgodi akuthinti ukukhanya kwesithombe esibonakalayo phakathi namahora asemini - i-pupil yeso izoba mncane kakhulu kunobubanzi bokuvula. Kodwa, lokhu futhi kunciphisa umphumela wokucindezelwa kwe-parallax - futhi amaphutha azoba mkhulu, futhi akukho mphumela wokwandisa ukujula kwensimu. Ukuze uqhathanise, umbono ongaphambili ocindezelwe eduze kodonga lwendandatho enobubanzi obungu-4.5 mm uhola iqembu ngendlela ehambisanayo ngamasentimitha angama-20 ngamamitha angama-50, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ikuphi. Ngakho-ke, kuba yinkinga kakhulu ukuqhuba umlilo onembile oqinisekisiwe endaweni eqondiwe engusayizi wethagethi engu-4 ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-100. Kodwa ubukhulu bomgodi buvumela ukusetshenziswa kwalolu hlobo lokubona lapho kuhwalala ngisho nasebusuku obukhanyiswa yinyanga, futhi kusezimweni ezinjalo lapho umbukwane weso ukhula ube ngamanani angama-8 mm, okusho ukuthi iba nkulu kunobubanzi bokuvula - futhi ukujula kwensimu kuyanda futhi futhi i-parallax iyacindezelwa. Kunjalo, inqobo nje uma okuqondiwe kubonakala.
Izinzuzo zokusebenza ngalolu hlobo lokubona zihlanganisa isivinini sokwenza isithombe esihlosiwe, isivinini sokudlulisa kanye nokuba lula kokusebenza ekuqondisweni okuhambayo. Uma kubhekwa ukusebenza kwebanga elifushane, asikho isidingo sokugxila noma usondele endaweni engaphambili - ungakwazi ukulawula ngokugcwele futhi ugcine okuqondiwe kugxilile.
I-Diopter sight - umbono wangemuva onembobo eyindilinga, eyisikwele noma emise okwedayimane (umbono we-M4 noma i-AK12).
Ukukubeka kalula, ekuboneni kwendandatho encane yobubanzi, asikho isidingo sokugxila endaweni ekahle yokubuka phambili kwendandatho. Kungcono ukuchitha lesi sikhathi endaweni eqondile yangaphambili ekuhlosweni.
Kunengqondo ukuthi izinga eliphezulu lekhono lokuhlosa livumela ukunciphisa umehluko ngesikhathi phakathi kokwakhiwa kwesithombe esihlosiwe kanye nokusesha okuhlosiwe, kanye nokudluliswa komlilo. Kodwa ikhono alikwazi ukunxephezela ukwanda kokujula kwenkundla, njengoba nje lingeke likuvumele ukuthi ubone umbono ongaphambili endaweni evulekile yangemuva ekuhwebeni okujulile.
Ngokwesibonelo. Ngobubanzi be-diaphragm obungu-2.0 mm, kucatshangelwa ukude kwami nombono ofanele, ngibona inhloso ebangeni elingamamitha angama-200, ngibona kahle isikhala ku-+ -100 amamitha ngokujula komugqa wokuphokophela. Ngalolu hlobo lokubona, kulula ukuchezuka ezimisweni eziyisisekelo zokukhomba umlilo wenhlamvu uma ukudubula kungenziwanga ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele zokudubula. Ngigxila kude kancane kunombono ongaphambili, cishe amamitha angu-0.5-1.5. Nesikhala esibonakala emehlweni sikhulise ukucija. Ngokusika ingxenye yemishayo, ukungaboni ngaso linye esweni kuyacindezelwa, futhi isithombe esibonwa emehlweni siba bukhali kunangaphandle kokubona. Le khwalithi ibaluleke kakhulu uma kudingeka ukulawula okuhlosiwe okuningana, noma ukusebenza ngezinto ezihlosiwe ezingaqhathanisi. Ukwanda kokujula kwensimu kunciphisa inani lendawo yokuhlala, okunciphisa amathayi emisipha yamehlo.
khulisa ukujula kwenkambu
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Inzuzo yalolu hlobo lokubona ukuthi azikho izinto ezingaphezulu kwendawo engaphambili ezivimbela ukubuka. Kodwa futhi kukhona ukuhlehla - umbono ongemuva oneso langaphambili ufihla yonke into engaphansi kwethagethi engaphansi kwezinga eliphezulu le-front sight. Lapho udlulisa isikhali ukusuka kwelitshe kuya kwelitshe, umbono uyafana kuwo womabili amehlo, esimweni sokudluliselwa ohlangothini lweso eliqhutshwayo, okuhlosiwe okusha kuqala kungena emkhakheni wayo wokubuka.
Ukunemba kokuma kwesikhali - ukungabikho kokuvinjwa - kuhlolwa ngokuma kokubuka okungaphambili, kodwa emabangeni amafushane lokhu akunawo umthelela obalulekile ekunembeni.
Imiphumela yokudubula incike ekukhetheni okulungile kohlobo kanye nokucushwa okulungile kwemishini yokubona.
Kunemibono eyiphutha yokuthi ukubona indandatho kujwayele ukwehluleka ngenxa yokungcola/iqhwa/ukungena kwamanzi. Idizayini ekhethwe kahle yeringi kanye nobubanzi bembobo kunethuba elifanayo lokuvaleka njengesikhala sombono ongemuva ovulekile. Futhi lapha kukhona ezimbili ongakhetha. Noma lokhu kuvinjelwa kulula ngokwanele ukukususa ngokufutha ukubona / ukunyakazisa isikhali. Noma ukuvaleka okufanayo kwenzeka ngokubona okungaphambili ku-rim eyisivikelo, okunzima kakhulu ukuyihlanza ngaphandle kwezindlela ezithuthukisiwe kunanoma yikuphi ukubona kwangemuva.
Futhi elinye iphutha elivamile labaqalayo umzamo wokungahlosi ngempukane, kodwa "ngezimpondo" zokuzivikela, i.e. umdubuli uqala ukuqondanisa indandatho noma "izimfoloko" zonogada bangaphambili eringini yangemuva - lena inqubo engalungile. Le ndlela ingasetshenziswa kuma-ghost-ring scopes nalapho kudutshulwa ezindaweni ezisondelene kakhulu. Ukuzijwayeza kulula kakhulu - udinga ukukhumbula ukuthi ukuvikelwa kwamehlo angaphambili kuwukuvikela nje kwangaphambili, hhayi ingxenye yesistimu yokuhlonza.
ukucindezelwa kwe-parallax
Umbono ongemuva usebangeni elincane ukusuka esweni ukuze ububanzi besikhala esibonwa ngembobo bube bukhulu, futhi amandla angokwemvelo wesistimu ye-optical enjalo ayabonakala - ukwandisa ukujula kwensimu. Kulolu hlobo lokubona, umugqa wokubona olungile uwukuhambisana kwendiza engenhla yendawo engaphambili nendawo ephakathi kwendandatho yangemuva, nendawo yokubuka phambili kwendandatho ukuze kube nezikhala phakathi kokubuka okungaphambili nendandatho. izindonga zendandatho ziyafana. Ngenxa yomqondo onembile wokulinganisa iso, umbono wangaphambili ubekwe phakathi nendawo ebonakalayo ngaphandle komzamo owengeziwe. Ukukhanya okuhlukile kwezingxenye eziqondiwe, ukukhanya okuhlukile nemibala yangemuva kunomphumela omncane ekuboneni okulungile kwesithombe esihlosiwe, njengoba indawo ebonakalayo inkulu kakhulu uma iqhathaniswa nokubona okuvulekile.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuyadingeka ukuqonda kahle ukuthi ukwanda kobude bomugqa wokukhomba, okwenzeka lapho usebenzisa umbono ovaliwe, onesimo esiqhubekayo sokubuka phambili, kuyisimo esidingekayo sokwandisa ukujula kwensimu. Lapho umugqa wokuphokophela uba mfishane, kuyancipha ukujula kwenkambu. Lapho indandatho yokubona ikude kakhulu ukusuka esweni, ukujula kwensimu kuyancipha. Ibanga elifanele lingu-4-8 cm - iphutha elivamile ukubeka indandatho yokubona ngemuva kude neso. Lokhu, ngendlela, kungenye yezizathu ezenza ngihlale ngikhetha ukudubula ngobude obufushane kakhulu besitoko okungenzeka ngesimo.
Vula ukubona
isidingo sokuphinda ugxilise ingqondo kusukela ekubonweni okuphambili kuya kokuqondiwe ukuze ulawule ukushaya I-
annular evaliwe (enobubanzi bendandatho encane - ngaphansi kuka-3 mm)I-irradiation ekhanyayo - ukwanda okubonakalayo kobukhulu bezibalo ezikhanyayo kungemuva elimnyama. Lokhu kusho ukuthi isibalo esikhanyayo esingemuva esimnyama sibonakala simnyama kakhulu, sinosayizi wangempela ofanayo. Lo mphumela ubonakala ikakhulukazi uma kukhona ingemuva elikhanyayo ohlangothini olulodwa lwangaphambili kanye nethagethi, kanye nengemuva elimnyama kolunye.
ukufakwa eduze neso akwenzeki kuso sonke isikhali
Ukuze ngingabhekiseli unomphela kumatemu nezincazelo ngokuqhubekayo embhalweni, ngizozibhala kusengaphambili futhi ngizichaze.
I-Parallax iwushintsho endaweni ebonakalayo yento ehlobene nengemuva elikude, kuye ngendawo yombukeli. Kithina, lokhu kuzozwakala njengethonya lesimo sombono ongaphambili ekuboneni ngokunemba kokushaya. Uma i-parallax iphezulu, amahithi azoshintsha kakhulu ngokuhamba kancane kokubuka okungaphambili ngemuva.
Sibonga ngokukhethekile ku-D*** kanye no-R***** ngokuhlela
Akukho nokukodwa okulungile kokubona ngomshini. Zonke zinezinzuzo kanye nokubi. Kodwa singasho nakanjani ukuthi ububanzi obungcono kakhulu yilowo owaziyo ukuthi usetshenziswa kanjani.
Izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zokubonwa kwezingalo ezincane ezinemigqomo emide ezibanjwa ngesandla zivuliwe futhi zivaliwe (imbobo noma indandatho).
Ngokusho kwe-GOST 28653-2018, kufanele zibizwe ngokuthi zivulekile ne-diopter, ngokulandelana.
ikhono lokubona imininingwane emincane (ukuhlola kabusha) esithombeni esibonayo ngokwandisa ubukhali nokujula kwenkambu
Njengoba umbono ongemuva uqhelelene neso, ikakhulukazi uma ukulungiswa kwezinhlangothi kwethulwa ngokunyakazisa ingemuva, kungase kuthathe isikhathi ngemva kwesinyathelo 1 ukuthola indawo elungile yekhanda ukuze uthole umbono ongaphambili ungene endaweni yokubuka (isinyathelo 2). ). Ngemva kwalokho, isikhali siqondiswe kulokho okuhlosiwe ngokuqondanisa isithombe esihlosiwe nendawo edingekayo yokukhomba endaweni ehlosiwe (isiteji sesi-3). Kulesi sigaba, ukuphokophela okulungile kuthonywa kakhulu ukukhanya nokukhanya kwezinhlangothi zombono wangaphambili kanye nonqenqema olungaphezulu lombono ongemuva nowangaphambili, kanye nengemuva, ukufana kwawo kanye nokugqama kwethagethi ngokumelene nesizinda. ingemuva - ukukhanya okukhanyayo kusebenza ngokumelene nathi. Phakathi nesigaba sesi-4, kubalulekile ukulawula njalo hhayi kuphela indawo yombono wangaphambili ekuhlosweni, kodwa futhi nokuma kombono wangaphambili endaweni yokubuka yangemuva. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma kudingekile ukulawula ukushaya kwesiteji sesi-5, kubalulekile ukugudluzela ukugxila kulokho okuhlosiwe,
ubunkimbinkimbi bokuklama kanye nobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza
Vula
2. Ukuqondanisa umugqa wokukhomba ne-eksisi yokubuka yeso
Imigomo nezincazelo
zesidingo sokugcizelela njalo ekulawuleni ukubona okungaphambili ngemuva
Njengoba umbono ongemuva useduze kakhulu neso, esiteji 1 iso, ngekhono elifanele, ngokushesha lithola imbobo yangemuva. Futhi phakathi nesigaba sesibili, ubuye abeke intuitively impukane maphakathi nendandatho. Ngasikhathi sinye, akunangqondo ukulawula indawo yayo ukuze izimise kahle endandeni, uma singakhulumi ngokudubula kwe-sniper. Ngesikhathi sesiteji sesi-3, kugcizelelwa ukuhlosisa indawo yangaphambili lapho kuhloswe khona, asikho isidingo sokulawula ngokungeziwe indawo yangemuva. Phakathi nesiteji sesi-4, konke ukulawula kuphezu kwendawo yokubuka ngaphambili endaweni elungile lapho kuqondiwe khona, hhayi indawo yangemuva nethagethi. Uma ngemuva kwesiteji sesi-4 kuba nesidingo sokulawula ukushaya (isigaba sesi-5), khona-ke okuhlosiwe, njengomthetho, kusendaweni yokugxila ngenxa yokwanda kokujula kwensimu - futhi asikho isidingo sendawo yokuhlala eyengeziwe.
Indawo efanele yesikhali - ukungabikho kokuvinjwa - ihlolwa ngokuzimele ngomkhathizwe wobuso obungaphezulu bombono ongemuva.
Inqubo yokudubula
I-nuance elandelayo yokusebenza nalolu hlobo lokubona, oluvela ezintweni ezingavamile noma, kunalokho, ukushiyeka kwesakhiwo sesistimu ye-optical yeso lomuntu, ukungakwazi ukuqaphela ngesikhathi esisodwa izinto ezikude. Ngesikhathi esifanayo sibona ngokucacile okungemuva, noma okuphambili, noma okuqondiwe. Ake ngikukhumbuze ukuthi ekudutshulweni kwamachashazi okudala, kugxilwa ekubonweni okungaphambili, futhi ukubona kwangemuva nethagethi kufiphele. Konke kucacile ngakho konke, kodwa yini okufanele uyenze ngethagethi uma lezi kungezona izimo ezikahle zokudubula, lapho ukukhanya kufana, okuhlosiwe kumile futhi kuphambene? Kungazelelwe ihlangana nengemuva, inyakaze, noma ingakhanyi ngokulinganayo? Lapha kufanele ulokhu ushintsha ukugxilisa ingqondo (ukwamukela) usuke endaweni engaphambili uye lapho uqondiswe khona, noma udele nobukhali bokubona ngaphambili.
Umbono ongemuva uqhelelene neso ukuze ukwakheka kwe-slot kanye nonqenqema olungaphezulu kucace ngangokunokwenzeka, inqobo nje uma ukugxila AKUKHO ekubonweni kwangemuva. Kulolu hlobo lokubona, umugqa wokubona olungile uwukuhambisana kwendiza ephezulu yangaphambili nendiza yangemuva, nendawo yokubuka yangaphambili ku-slot ukuze kube nezikhala phakathi kokubuka okungaphambili nezinhlangothi. we slot ziyafana. Kuleli qophelo, esinye sezitha ezimbi kakhulu zokuhlosa ngendlela efanele ukukhanya kokukhanya. Ukukhanya okungalingani kwezingxenye zethagethi, kanye nama-elementi angemuva ahluka ngokukhanya nombala ngemuva kwethagethi, kuthinta kabi umbono olungile wezikhala ezinhlangothini zokubuka okungaphambili.
ikhono lokufaka cishe kunoma yisiphi isikhali phakathi nendawo yesakhiwo
5. Ukulawula ukushaya / ukuqondisa ukuqondanisa kwesithombe sokudubula kwesibili / ukudluliswa kwezikhali ngokusesha okuhlosiwe.
Ukugxila kwesistimu yokubona indawo lapho imishayo ehambisanayo ihlangana khona (“ukugxila”) ngemva kokudlula ohlelweni lokuqoqa. Esimweni sethu, uma sibona into ebukhali, khona-ke kuba kude lapho iso lethu ligxile khona, noma "into igxile" .
Indawo yokuhlala - ikhono leso lokushintsha ubude bokugxila ngenxa yokufinyela kwemisipha nokuphumula. Okusho ukuthi, ikhono lokudlulisa ukugxila ezintweni ezitholakala ebangeni elihlukile.
cishe ukungabikho okuphelele komkhuba wokukhanya kwemisebe
Imbobo yinani elibonisa ukudluliswa kokukhanya kwesistimu yokubona. Ngokomongo wethu, isithombe simnyama kangakanani uma sibhekwa kububanzi nangaphandle kwaso. Imbobo ephansi iholela ekubeni mnyama kwenkundla yokubuka emehlweni. Isebenza ezindaweni ezivaliwe kuphela.
ukwenzeka kwe-light irradiation
Uma senza lula inqubo yokukhiqiza isibhamu esihlosiwe ngosizo lwemishini yokukhomba ngangokunokwenzeka, khona-ke ingachazwa ngezinyathelo ezilandelayo:
akukho mphumela ekukhanyeni kwesithombe esihlosiwe
Okulandelayo izinzuzo zokusebenza nalolu hlobo. ukubona, okuvela ezicini zezinhlelo ze-optical. Lapho i-diaphragming (okungukuthi, ukunciphisa ububanzi bendandatho), ukujula kwensimu kuyanda, okusho ukuthi kuba nokwenzeka ngasikhathi sinye ukubheka izinto ngokucijile ezindaweni ezikude.
Izinto ezibonwa ngomshini
Ngizozama ukusho izinzuzo nezinkinga zalezi zinhlobo zokubuka, ngokusekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho kwami komuntu siqu futhi, ngokwengxenye, izinto ezihlanganisiwe ezivela kunethiwekhi, nazo zadlula kwisihlungi sokuhlangenwe nakho kwami. Okuhlangenwe nakho okwamanje kucishe kufane - ngaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingama-60 isibhamu esivela ezikhalini ezinombono ovulekile futhi ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingama-85 ezivaliwe.
Enye yezingqinamba eziyinhloko kanye nogibe lwabadubuli abangenalwazi ukuthi ezindaweni ezinobubanzi obuncane bokuvula, lapho isikhali sidluliswa ngokushesha sisuka ekuhlosweni siye kuso lapho siqondiswe khona ebangeni eliseduze, ukubuka kwamehlo aholayo naqhutshwayo kuhlukile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ubuchopho ngokungazi buqala ukushintsha iziteshi ezibukwayo lapho buthola khona ukwaziswa. Futhi iso eliholayo liba eliqhutshwayo, okuholela ekuhlolweni okungalungile kwesithombe esihlosiwe kanye nokuhloswe okungalungile kwesikhali. Kodwa ngiyaphinda, lo mphumela ujwayelekile kuphela kububanzi obuncane be-diaphragm - 2.2 mm noma ngaphansi, ezimweni zokudluliswa kwesivinini esiphezulu ebangeni eliseduze kuze kufike kumamitha angu-50, kuphela okuhlosiwe okuncane, nokuntuleka kwekhono elifanele.
Isiphetho
3. Ukuqondanisa kwesithombe esihlosiwe nendawo edingekayo yokukhomba (TP)
asikho isidingo sokuqondanisa okuphelele kwendawo yangaphambili eyindandatho engemuva
. Eyesithathu i-diffraction, ethi, enobubanzi bendandatho encane kakhulu, iqale “ fiphaza” isithombe. I-periphery "ifiphele" ikakhulukazi ngenxa yesimo sokungalungi. Usayizi we-diaphragm, lapho i-diffraction ingakacaci kangako, ibizwa ngokuthi i-optimal. Kuncike ezicini eziningi, okuyinhloko kithina izici zomuntu ngamunye zombono womdubuli.
Isici esilandelayo ukuvuleka. Iringi elincane, isithombe siba mnyama. Umehluko ekugqameni kwesithombe ngokubona nangaphandle kwawo awubonakali uma ububanzi bomfundi bulingana noma bungaphansi kobubanzi bembobo yokubona.
ithonya ekukhanyeni kwesithombe esihlosiwe - indawo encane yokungena endaweni encane yokuvula
Manje ake sidlule ezinhlotsheni zokubuka ngencazelo yenqubo yokusebenza nazo kulokhu kulandelana kwezenzo.


text:
Isicabha sokushelela esingangenisi esibhedlela segumbi lokuhlinzela
Imininingwane Yomkhiqizo
FAQ
Omaka bomkhiqizo
Isici somnyango oshelelayo ongangeni moya wasesibhedlela
Umzila wesitimela wenziwa nge-aluminium alloy enamandla amakhulu, futhi uhlaka lomnyango lungavulwa ukuze lulungiswe kalula.
Uhlaka lomnyango luhlanganiswe nesondo lebhalansi, elihamba kahle futhi elinomoya omuhle oqinile.
Umnyango ozenzakalelayo ungahlonyiswa ngokusebenza kwebhande langaphakathi elicwilayo, ukucinana komoya okungcono.
Isibambo seqabunga lomnyango esakhiwe ngokuzimela, esingenamthungo ngephaneli engenawo ama-engeli afile, kulula ukusihlanza.
I-Hermetic Door Paramenters
I-Hospital Hermetic Door Advantage
Umnyango Wesibhedlela kanye Nomnyango Wegumbi Lokuhlanza I-FAQ
Imininingwane
Sikunikeza isisombululo esiphelele sazo zonke izinhlobo zeminyango yegumbi ehlanzekile enezinto ezihlukahlukene, njengomnyango wensimbi, umnyango we-HPL, umnyango wensimbi, umnyango wengilazi, umnyango wensimbi, umnyango wefreyimu ye-aluminium, umnyango omkhulu wokungena, umnyango wokungena, umnyango wokuphuma, u-swing. umnyango, ibhukwana lomnyango oshelelayo noma othomathikhi.
Uchungechunge lomkhiqizo lwamakamelo ahlanzekile nezibhedlela zayo yonke indawo ebalulekile, njengeminyango, amagumbi ezimo eziphuthumayo, ukuhlukaniswa kwamahholo, amagumbi okuzihlukanisa, amagumbi okusebenza, amagumbi e-ICU, amagumbi e-CUU, njll.
Isicabha sensimbi sasesibhedlela
Iwindi legumbi elihlanzekile
Umnyango wemithi
Umnyango welebhu
Umnyango we-HPL
Umnyango wensimbi we-ICU
Isicabha se-ICU
Umnyango oshelelayo we-ICU
Manual X-ray umnyango
Isicabha esinomugqa womthofu
Isicabha esingangeni moya esizenzakalelayo segumbi lokuhlinzela
Automatic glass sliding door
Iwindi lombono
Iwindi elicwebezelayo kabili
I-Ceiling air diffuser yegumbi lokusebenza
Hlanza iyunithi yesihlungi sabalandeli begumbi(FFU)
Iyunithi yekhanda lombhede wasesibhedlela
Amaphrofayili e-aluminium okwakhiwa kwegumbi elihlanzekile nokwakhiwa kwesibhedlela
Siyakwamukela ukuxhumana nathi ngentengo evumayo noma imikhiqizo eyenziwe ngokwezifiso !!!


text:
UMama Joy Chauke, umlandeli owaziwayo we-Orlando Pirates akaneme neze ngokuthi yena nabalandeli bakhe be-Bucs ngeke babe se-Orlando Stadium ukuzobuka i-derby yase-Soweto lapho izimbangi ezimbili zase-Soweto zibhekene ngeSonto.
La maqembu agcina ukudlala ngesizini yowezi-2014/2015 kanti umdlalo uphele zibambene ngegoli elilodwa kwelilodwa kwathi uLehlohonolo Majoro washayela i-Pirates igoli kwathi uSiyabonga Nomvete washayela i-Swallows igoli.
Ngemuva kwalokho, ukwehla kwe-Swallows kwenze ikilabhu yehlelwe yizembe amahlandla amathathu elandelana. Usihlalo uPanyaza Lesufi uqale ukuvuselelwa kweSwallows kuligi engezansi ngaphansi kwegama elisha i-Swallows FC.
Ukubuya kwe-Swallows kwamukelwe umphakathi webhola ngesikhathi bethenga isikhundla sabo se-GladAfrica Championship (i-NFD) ku-Maccabi FC. Iqembu lithole ukukhuphuka okuzenzakalelayo libuyela ebholeni eliphezulu ngesizini edlule.
Umlandeli we-Pirates, uMama Joy uthe: “Bekungaba kuhle ukwamukela i-Swallows ku-PSL nabanye abalandeli enkundleni. Ngiphatheke kabi ukuthi ngeke ngikwazi ukuwubukela bukhoma umdlalo.”
Ukhuthaze abalandeli ukuthi babuke umdlalo kumabonakude.
“Siyaqonda ukuthi i-Covid-19 isekhona futhi kumele silandele imigomo,” uyasho.
Uthe abalandeli bebhola bangalindela amagoli amaningi.
“Siyazi ukuthi i-Swallows iyadlala kodwa sizoyishaya e-Orlando Stadium. Ngibona amagoli amathathu kithi,” kusho uJoy Chauke.
I-Swallows esefomini futhi iyazethemba futhi iza kulo mdlalo nerekhodi lokungahlulwa kanti i-Pirates ifuna ukubuya kulandela ukuhlulwa ngo ngegoli elilodwa eqandeni yi-Mamelodi Sundowns emdlalweni wokuqala wonyaka. Isihlabani se-Pirates, uVincent Pule uzophuthelwa kulo mdlalo kanjalo noZaphaniah Mbokoma we-Sundowns.
Ukunqoba kwe-Dube Birds kungayihambisa esicongweni setafula le-DStv Premiership kuya ngokuthi i-Sundowns idlala kanjani ne-Baroka ngoMgqibelo ntambama.
Umdlalo we-Orlando Pirates ne-Swallows FC uhlelelwe ukudlala ngo-15: 30, ngeSonto ntambama e-Orlando Stadium.
Isithombe: Sihlinzekiwe


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Iqiniso Langaphakathi Lomsebenzi Wokunqoba (1)
Isintu esonakaliswe kakhulu uSathane, asigcini nje ngokwazi ukuthi kunoNkulunkulu kodwa siyekile ukukhonza uNkulunkulu. Ekuqaleni, lapho kudalwa u-Adamu no-Eva, inkazimulo kaJehova nobufakazi Bakhe kwakuhlale kukhona. Kodwa ngemva kokonakaliswa, umuntu yamlahlekela inkazimulo kanye nobufakazi ngenxa yokuthi wonke umuntu wahlubuka kuNkulunkulu futhi wayeka nokumhlonipha. Umsebenzi wanamuhla wokunqoba uwukubuyisa bonke ubufakazi nayo yonke inkazimulo, nokuthi bonke abantu bakhonze uNkulunkulu, ukuze kube nobufakazi phakathi kwezidalwa. Yilokho okudingeka kwenziwe kulesi sigaba somsebenzi. Siyonqotshwa kanjani ngempela isintu? Siyonqotshwa kusetshenziswa umsebenzi wamazwi ukuze umuntu aqinisekiswe ngokugcwele; ngokusebenzisa isambulo, isahlulelo, isijeziso, nesiqalekiso esinonya ukuze anqotshwe ngokugcwele; nangokuveza ukuhlubuka komuntu nokwahlulela ukuphikisa kwakhe ukuze azi ngokungalungi kwesintu nokungcola, okuzosetshenziswa ukuze kuvezwe isimo sikaNkulunkulu sokulunga. Ngokuyinhloko, ukusetshenziswa kwala mazwi okuyonqoba umuntu futhi kumqinisekise ngokugcwele. Amazwi ayindlela isintu esiyogcina sinqotshwe ngayo, bonke abamukela ukunqoba kumele bamukele nokuhlaselwa kanye nokwahlulela kwamazwi. Inqubo yamanje yokukhuluma iyinqubo yokunqoba. Kufanele babambisane kanjani ngempela abantu? Ngokudla futhi baphuze la mazwi ngempumelelo nokuwaqonda. Abantu ngeke bazinqobe. Kumele, ngokudla nokuphuza la mazwi, ukwazi ukukhohlakala kanye nokungcola kwakho, ukuhlubuka nokungalungi kwakho, uwe phambi kukaNkulunkulu. Uma ungakwazi ukuqonda intando kaNkulunkulu bese uyenza, uphinde ube nombono, futhi uma ungawalalela ngokugcwele la mazwi, ungenzi noma yini ezintweni ozikhethayo, khona-ke uyobe unqotshiwe. Futhi uyobe unqotshwe yila mazwi. Kungani isintu silahlekelwe ubufakazi? Kungoba akasekho nhlobo onokholo kuNkulunkulu noma onoNkulunkulu enhliziyweni yakhe. Ukunqoba isintu kusho ukuba nabantu abaningi ababuyisa lolu kholo. Abantu bahlale bethanda izwe, beba namathemba amaningi, ikusasa labo belifunela okuningi ngokwedlulele, futhi befuna izinto eziningi ezibizayo. Bahlale becabanga futhi behlelela inyama yabo futhi abanandaba nokufuna indlela yokukholwa kuNkulunkulu. Izinhliziyo zabo zithunjwe uSathane, abasamhloniphi uNkulunkulu, banikela izinhliziyo zabo kuSathane. Kodwa umuntu wadalwa uNkulunkulu. Ngakho umuntu walahlekelwa ubufakazi, okusho ukuthi walahlekelwa inkazimulo kaNkulunkulu. Inhloso yokunqoba isintu ukubuyisa inkazimulo yokuhlonipha komuntu uNkulunkulu. Kungabekwa ngale ndlela: Kunabantu abaningi abangaphishekeli ukuphila; ngisho noma kunabathile, inani labo lincane kakhulu. Abantu bakhathazeka kakhulu ngekusasa labo futhi abakunaki noma yikuphi ukuphila. Abanye abantu bayahlubuka futhi bamelane noNkulunkulu, bamsole futhi bangalenzi iqiniso. Okwamanje angibanaki laba labantu futhi okwamanje lesi sigaba samadodana okuhlubuka angisithatheli sinyathelo. Esikhathini esizayo uzophila ebumnyameni, okunokukhala nokugedla kwamazinyo. Awukuzwa ukuba yigugu kokukhaya uma uphila kuko, kodwa uzokuqaphela ukuba yigugu kwako lapho usuphila ebusuku obumnyama. Uzokuzwa ubuhlungu ngaleso sikhathi. Uzizwa ukahle okwamanje, kodwa usuku luzofika lapho uzokuzwa khona ubuhlungu. Lapho lolo suku lufika futhi kwehla ubumnyama nokukhanya kuyobe kungasekho, ukuzisola kwakho kuyobe sekwephuze kakhulu. Kungenxa yokuthi awukawuqondi umsebenzi wamanje ukuthi uyehluleka ukwazisa isikhathi sakho manje. Lapho umsebenzi wendawo yonke uqala, okuchaza ukuthi lapho yonke into engiyisho namuhla seyenzeka ngempela, abantu abaningi bazophakamisa amakhanda abo ngokukhala okunomunyu. Ingabe lokho akusikhona ukuwela ebumnyameni ngokukhala nokugedla kwamazinyo? Bonke abantu abaphishekela ngempela ukuphila nabenziwe baphelela bazoba nokusetshenziswa, ngesikhathi onke amadodana okuhlubuka angafaneleki ukusetshenziswa ezowela ebumnyameni, engawutholi noma yimuphi umsebenzi woMoya oNgcwele futhi ahlale engakwazi ukwenza mqondo kunoma yini. Ngakho azokwehlela ekujezisweni okunokukhala nokubangalaza. Uma uhlome ngokwanele kulesi sigaba somsebenzi futhi ukuphila kwakho sekuvuthiwe, khona-ke ungumuntu olungele ukusetshenziswa. Uma ungahlomile kahle, ngisho noma usetshenziswa esigabeni esilandelayo somsebenzi ngeke ufaneleke. Ngaleso sikhathi, ngisho noma ufuna ukuzihlomisa, ithuba liyobe selidlulile. UNkulunkulu uzobe esehambile; uzokuya kuphi-ke ukuze uthole lolu hlobo lwethuba eliphambi kwakho manje, futhi uzoyaphi ukuze uyothola ukuqeqeshwa okunikezwa uNkulunkulu maphutha? Ngaleso sikhathi, ngeke kube uNkulunkulu mathupha okhulumayo noma ekhuluma izwi Lakhe. Uzokwazi ukufunda kuphela lokhu okushiwo namuhla; uzokwazi kanjani ukuthi ukuqonde kalula? Ukuphila okulandelayo kuzokwazi kanjani ukuthi kulingane nokwanamuhla? Ngaleso sikhathi, ingabe ngeke yini ukukhala nokugedla amazinyo kwakho kube ukuzwa ukuhlupheka kokufa uphila? Isibusiso sinikezwa wena manje kodwa awukwazi ukusijabulela; uphila ekubusisekeni, kodwa awukuboni lokho. Lokhu kuwubufakazi bokuthi nakanjani uyohlala uhlupheka! Okwamanje abanye abantu bayenqaba, abanye bayahlubuka, abanye benza lokhu noma lokhuya. Ngimane angikunaki; ungacabangi ukuthi angiyiboni leyo misebenzi yenu. Ingabe angisiqondi isimo senu? Kungani niqhubeka nimelana Nami? Anikholwa kuNkulunkulu ukuze niphishekele ukuphila nesibusiso zenu? Ingabe akuyona inzuzo yenu ukuba nibe nokholo? Njengamanje ngenza nje umsebenzi wokunqoba ngamazwi Ami. Lapho lo msebenzi wokunqoba usuqediwe, isiphetho senu sizoba sobala. Ingabe kudingeka ukuba ngizicacise ngokwengeziwe?
Umsebenzi wamanje wokunqoba umsebenzi ohloselwe ukucacisa ukuthi isiphetho somuntu siyoba yini. Kungani ngithi ukusola nokwahlulela kwanamuhla kuyisahlulelo esiphambi kwesihlalo esikhulu sobukhosi sezinsuku zokugcina? Anikuboni lokhu? Kungani umsebenzi wokunqoba uyisigaba sokugcina? Awukhona yini ukuvezwa kwesigaba ngasinye umuntu ayophelela kuso? Awukhona yini ukuvumela wonke umuntu, enkambweni yomsebenzi wokunqoba wokusola nokwahlulela, ukuvezwa kobunjalo bangempela kanye nokuhlelwa ngokwezinhlobo kamuva? Kunokuthi lokhu ukunqoba isintu, kungaba ngcono ukuthi lokhu kuveza ukuthi isigaba ngasinye somuntu siyophelelaphi. Lokho kusho ukuthi, lokhu kuwukwahlulela izono zabo nokuveza izigaba ezihlukahlukene zabantu, kunqunywe ngaleyo ndlela ukuthi babi noma balungile. Ngemva komsebenzi wokunqoba kulandela umsebenzi wokuklomelisa abalungile nokujezisa ababi: Abantu abalalela ngokugcwele, okusho ukuthi abanqotshwe ngokugcwele, bayobekwa esigabeni esilandelayo sokusakaza umsebenzi endaweni yonke; abanganqotshiwe bayobekwa ebumnyameni futhi bayobhekana nenhlekelele. Ngakho abantu bayohlukaniswa ngokohlobo lwabo, abenzi bokubi bayokwenziwa iqembu lezikhohlakali, bangaphinde futhi babone ukukhanya kwelanga, nabenzi bokuhle bayokwenziwa iqembu labalungile, ukuze bathole ukukhanya futhi baphile phakade ekukhanyeni. Ukuphela kwazo zonke izinto sekuseduze, ukuphela komuntu kucaciswe kwakhanya bha emehlweni akhe, futhi zonke izinto ziyobekwa ngezinhlobo zazo. Ngakho abantu bangakwazi kanjani ukuphunyuka kulokhu? Ukwembulwa kokuphela kwesigaba ngasinye somuntu kuphela lapho ukuphela kwazo zonke izinto sekuseduze, futhi kuphela phakathi nomsebenzi wokunqoba indawo yonke (okubandakanya wonke umsebenzi wokunqoba oqala ngomsebenzi wamanje). Lokhu kwembulwa kokuphela kwaso sonke isintu kwenziwa phambi kwesihlalo sokwahlulela, ngendlela yokusola, nangendlela yomsebenzi wokunqoba wezinsuku zokugcina. Ukwehlukanisa abantu ngohlobo lwabo akukhona ukubuyisela abantu ezigabeni zabo zokuqala. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lapho kwenziwa umuntu ekudalweni komhlaba, kwakunohlobo olulodwa kuphela lwabantu, okuyindoda nomfazi. Kwakungekho izinhlobo ezahlukene eziningi. Kwaba kuphela ngemva kwezinkulungwane eziningi zeminyaka yokonakaliswa lapho izigaba ezahlukene zabantu zaqala khona ukuvela, abanye bavela ngaphansi kokubuswa odeveli abangcolile, abanye ngaphansi kokubuswa odeveli ababi, futhi abanye, abaphishekela indlela yokuphila, ngaphansi kokubuswa uSomandla. Kungale ndlela kuphela lapho izigaba zaqala khona ukuba khona kancane kancane phakathi kwabantu futhi abantu behlukana ngokwezigaba phakathi komndeni wesintu omkhulu. Bonke abantu baba “nobaba” abehlukene; akukhona ukuthi wonke umuntu ungaphansi kokubuswa uSomandla ngokuphelele, ngoba ukuhlubuka kwabantu kukhulu kakhulu. Isahlulelo esilungile sembula ubuntu bangempela bohlobo ngalunye lomuntu, singashiyi lutho olufihlakele. Wonke umuntu ubonisa isimo sakhe sangempela ekukhanyeni. Ngalesi sikhathi, umuntu akaseyona indlela abeyiyo ekuqaleni futhi umfanekiso wangempela wokhokho bakhe kade washabalala, ngoba izizukulwane ezingenakubalwa zika-Adamu no-Eva sekukade zathunjwa uSathane, ngeke zisaphinde zilazi ilanga lasezulwini, futhi ngenxa yokuthi abantu bagcwaliswe ngazo zonke izinhlobo zobuthi bukaSathane. Ngakho, abantu baneziphetho zabo ezibafanele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bahlukaniswa ngokohlobo lobuthi babo obungafani, okusho ukuthi bahlukaniswa ngokwezinga abanqotshwa ngalo namuhla. Ukuphela komuntu akuyona into eyanqunywa phambilini kusukela ekudalweni kwezwe. Lokho kungenxa yokuthi ekuqaleni kwakunesigaba esisodwa kuphela, esasibizwa ngokuthi “isintu,” futhi umuntu akonakaliswanga uSathane ekuqaleni, futhi bonke babephila ekukhanyeni, kungekho bumnyama obabubehlela. Kodwa ngemva kokuba umuntu onakaliswe uSathane, zonke izinhlobo zabantu zasakazeka kuwo wonke umhlaba—zonke izinhlobo zabantu ezivela emndenini obizwa ngokuthi “isintu” owawakhiwa owesilisa nowesifazane. Zonke zaziholwa okhokho bazo ukuze ziphambuke kokhokho bazo abadala—isintu esasakhiwa abesilisa nabesifazane (okusho ukuthi, u-Adamu wokuqala no-Eva, okhokho bazo abadala). Ngaleso sikhathi, okwakuwukuphela kwabantu ababeholwa uJehova ukuze baphile emhlabeni kwakungama-Israyeli. Izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zabantu ezaqembuka kuma-Israyeli (okusho ukuthi ozalweni lomndeni lwangempela) zalahlekelwa ubuholi bukaJehova. La bantu basendulo, babezishaya indiva izinto ezimayelana nezwe lesintu, bahamba bayophila nokhokho babo emazweni abawathandayo, kuze kube namuhla. Ngakho, basesebumnyameni mayelana nokuthi baphambuka kanjani kuJehova, nokuthi bonakaliswa kanjani kuze kube namuhla yizo zonke izinhlobo zokungcola kukadeveli nemimoya emibi. Labo okuyibo abonakaliswe kakhulu manje, okuwukuthi abangeke basindiswe ekugcineni, bayolandela okhokho babo—odeveli abangcolile ababonakalisa. Labo abayosindiswa ekugcineni bayoya endaweni efanele yesintu, okusho lokho ukuphela okukubekele abantu abasindisiwe nabanqotshiwe. Kuyokwenziwa yonke into ukuze kusindiswe bonke abangasindiswa, kodwa labo abangazweli, abangelapheki, okuwukuphela kwento abangayikhetha kuyoba ukulandela okhokho babo emgodini ongenamkhawulo wesijeziso. Ungacabangi ukuthi isiphetho sakho sanqunywa phambilini ekuqaleni nokuthi sembulwa manje. Uma ucabanga ngaleyo ndlela, ingabe usukhohliwe ukuthi ngesikhathi isintu siqala ukudalwa, sasingekho esinye isigaba sikaSathane esadalwa? Ingabe usukhohliwe ukuthi kwadalwa isintu esisodwa kuphela esakhiwa u-Adamu no-Eva (okusho ukuthi kwadalwa owesilisa nowesifazane kuphela)? Uma ubulokhu uyinzalo kaSathane kusukela ekuqaleni, ingabe lokho ngeke kusho ukuthi ngesikhathi uJehova edala umuntu wadala neqembu likaSathane? Ingabe wayengayenza into efana naleyo? Wadala umuntu ngenxa yobufakazi Bakhe; wadala umuntu ngenxa yenkazimulo Yakhe. Wayengasidalelani ngenhloso isigaba sikaSathane ukuze simphike ngamabomu? Ingabe uJehova wayengakwenza lokhu? Uma kunjalo, ubani obengakwazi ukuthi unguNkulunkulu olungile? Lapho ngithi abanye kini bayohamba noSathane ekugcineni, akusho ukuthi ekuqaleni wawunoSathane; kunalokho kusho ukuthi seningene najula ngezinga lokuthi ngisho noma uNkulunkulu ezama ukunisindisa, nehlulekile ukuthola leyo nsindiso. Ayikho enye indlela ngaphandle kokukubeka esigabeni sikaSathane. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi awutakuleki, akukhona ngenxa yokuthi uNkulunkulu akalungile kuwe, okusho ukuthi akukhona ukuthi uNkulunkulu unqume umphumela wakho phambilini ukuthi uyolingisa uSathane bese uba sesigabeni sikaSathane njengokungathi ubevele ehlose ukuthi uhlupheke. Lelo akulona iqiniso langaphakathi lomsebenzi wokunqoba. Uma ukholelwa kulokho, khona-ke uqonda uhlangothi olulodwa kuphela! Isigaba sokugcina sokunqoba sihloselwe ukusindisa abantu nokwambula isiphetho sabantu. Siwukuveza ukonakala ngokwedlulele kwabantu ngokubahlulela nokubenza baphenduke, bavuke, bazabalazele impilo nendlela efanele yokuphila komuntu. Siwukuvusa izinhliziyo zabandikindiki nabanezinhliziyo ezilukhuni nokuveza ukuhlubuka kwabo kwangaphakathi ngokwahlulela. Nokho, uma abantu bengakakwazi ukuphenduka, bengakakwazi ukuhamba endleleni efanele empilweni yomuntu futhi bengakakwazi ukushiya inkohlakalo, khona-ke ngeke batakulwe, uSathane uyobagwinya. Lokhu ukubaluleka kokunqoba—ukusindisa abantu nokwembula iziphetho zabo. Iziphetho ezinhle, iziphetho ezimbi—zonke zembulwe emsebenzini wokunqoba. Ukuthi abantu bayosindiswa noma bayoqalekiswa kwembulwa phakathi nomsebenzi wokunqoba.
Izinsuku zokugcina yilapho zonke izinto ziyohlukaniswa khona ngokwezinhlobo ngokunqoba. Ukunqoba umsebenzi wezinsuku zokugcina; ngamanye amazwi, ukwahlulela isono somuntu ngamunye kuwumsebenzi wezinsuku zokugcina. Ngaphandle kwalokho, abantu bangahlukaniswa kanjani? Umsebenzi wokwahlukanisa owenziwa phakathi kwenu uyisiqalo salowo msebenzi kuyo yonke indawo. Ngemva kwalokhu, labo abawo wonke amazwe nazo zonke izizwe nabo bayowuzwa umsebenzi wokunqoba. Lokhu kusho ukuthi wonke umuntu endalweni uyohlukaniswa ngokohlobo lwakhe, eza phambi kwesihlalo sokwahlulelwa ukuze ahlulelwe. Akekho umuntu noma into engaphunyuka kulokhu kusolwa, futhi akekho ongagwema lokhu kuhlukaniswa ngezinhlobo; bonke bayobekwa ngokwezigaba zabo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi sekuseduze ukuba zonke izinto nawo wonke amazulu nomhlaba kufike ekupheleni kwakho. Umuntu angaphunyuka kanjani ekupheleni kokuba khona kwakhe? Ngakho, nizoqhubeka isikhathi eside kangakanani nezenzo zenu zokungalaleli? Ingabe aniboni yini ukuthi izinsuku zenu zokugcina sezisondele? Kungenzeka kanjani ukuthi labo abahlonipha uNkulunkulu nabamlangazelelayo babonakale bengaluboni usuku lokubonakala kokulunga kukaNkulunkulu? Kungenzeka kanjani ukuthi bangatholi umvuzo wokugcina wokulunga? Ingabe ungulowo owenza okuhle, noma ungulowo owenza okubi? Ingabe ungulowo owamukela ukwahlulela ngokulunga bese elalela, noma bese eqalekiswa? Ingabe ubuphila ekukhanyeni ngaphambi kwesihlalo sokwahlulela, noma ebumnyameni obusezweni elingaphansi komhlaba? Ingabe wena uqobo awuyena yini owazi ngokucace kakhulu ukuthi isiphetho sakho sizoba ngesomvuzo noma esesijeziso? Ingabe awuyena yini owazi ngokucace kakhulu noqonda ngokujule kakhulu ukuthi uNkulunkulu ulungile? Ngakho, empeleni, kunjani ukuziphatha kwakho futhi unaluphi uhlobo lwenhliziyo? Njengoba ngiqhubeka nokukunqoba namuhla, ingabe ukudinga ngempela ukuba Mina ngikutshele ukuthi ukuziphatha kwakho kubi noma kuhle? Kungakanani osukudelile Ngami? Ungikhulekela ngokujule kangakanani? Wena uqobo wazi ngokucace kakhulu ukuthi unjani Kimi—ingabe lokho akulona iqiniso? Kufanele wazi kangcono ukwedlula noma ubani ukuthi isiphetho sakho sizoba njani! Empeleni ngiyakutshela, ngadala kuphela isintu, futhi ngadala wena, kodwa angizange ngininikele kuSathane; futhi angizange ngenhloso nginenze ukuba nidlubulunde noma nimelane Nami futhi ngalokho nginijezise. Anizange yini nithole lezi zinhlekelele ngenxa yezinhliziyo zenu ezilukhuni kakhulu nangokuziphatha kwenu okunengeka kakhulu? Ngakho ingabe akulona yini iqiniso ukuthi ninganquma isiphetho senu? Ingabe akulona yini iqiniso ukuthi niyazi ezinhliziyweni zenu, ukwedlula noma ubani omunye, ukuthi sizoba njani isiphetho senu? Isizathu esenza nginqobe abantu ukuba ngibadalule, kanye nokuba ngiqinisekise insindiso yakho. Akusikho ukukwenza ukuba wenze okubi noma ukukwenza ngamabomu uye esihogweni sokubhujiswa. Lapho isikhathi sifika, konke ukuhluphela kwakho okukhulu, ukukhala kwakho nokugedla amazinyo—ingabe konke lokho akungenxa yezono zakho? Ngakho, ingabe akusikho ukulunga kwakho noma ububi bakho okukwahlulela kangcono? Ingabe lokho akubona yini ubufakazi obuqand’ ikhanda balokho isiphetho sakho esiyoba yikho?
Namuhla, ngisebenza kubantu bakaNkulunkulu abakhethiweyo eShayina ukuze ngembule zonke izimo zabo zokuhlubuka futhi ngembule bonke ububi babo, futhi lokhu kuhlinzeka ngesimo sokuthi ngisho konke engidinga ukukusho. Ngemva kwalokho ngizokwenza isigaba esilandelayo somsebenzi wokunqoba indawo yonke. Ngizosebenzisa ukunahlulela Kwami ukuze ngahlulele ukungalungi kwawo wonke umuntu endaweni yonke ngenxa yokuthi nina bantu nimelela ukuhlubuka kwesintu. Labo abangakwazi ukukhuphula amasokisi bayophenduka ize, kuyilapho labo abawakhuphulayo beyosetshenziswa. Kungani ngithi labo abangawakhuphuli bayophenduka ize? Ngenxa yokuthi amazwi nomsebenzi Wami wamanje kuyiqiniso enilifunayo nokuthi seniphenduke abameleli bezihlubuki eziphakathi kwaso sonke isintu. Kamuva la mazwi aninqobayo ngiyowahambisa kwamanye amazwe ngiwasebenzisele ukunqoba abantu khona, kodwa nina niyobe ningawazuzanga. Ingabe lokho ngeke kukwenze ungabi lutho? Izimo ezonakele zaso sonke isintu, ukuhlubuka komuntu, izithombe ezimbi nobuso babantu, konke kulotshiwe namuhla emazwini asetshenziselwe ukuninqoba. Ngiyobe sengisebenzisa la mazwi ukuze nginqobe abantu bazo zonke izizwe nayo yonke imibuso ngenxa yesibonelo senu. Kodwa angihlosile ukunishiya ngenhloso; uma nehluleka ukufuna izinto ezinhle futhi ningalufuni usizo, ngeke yini niphenduke ize? Ngake ngathi ukuhlakanipha Kwami kusetshenziswa ngokusekelwe kumaqhinga kaSathane. Kungani ngasho lokho? Ingabe lokho akulona iqiniso ngemva kwalokhu engikushoyo nengikwenzayo manje? Uma ungeke washeshisa, uma ungakapheleliswa kodwa kunalokho ujezisiwa, ubungeke yini ube yinto yokuqhathanisa? Mhlawumbe uhlupheke kakhulu esikhathini sakho, kodwa namanje usalokhu ungaqondi lutho; awazi lutho ngokuphila. Nakuba uye wasolwa futhi wahlulelwa, awukaguquki nhlobo futhi ekujuleni kwakho awukazuzi ukuphila. Lapho kufika isikhathi sokuvivinya umsebenzi wakho, uzobona isilingo sinonya njengomlilo futhi size sibe usizi olukhulu. Lo mlilo uzophendula bonke ubuwena bube umlotha. Njengomuntu ongenakho ukuphila, umuntu ongenalo nelincane igolide ngaphakathi, umuntu osalokhu enamathele esimweni sokonakala sakudala, futhi njengomuntu ongeke ngisho enze umsebenzi omuhle wokuba njengento yokuqhathanisa, kungenzeka kanjani ukuthi ungashabalaliswa? Umuntu onenani eliphansi kunopeni futhi ongenakho ukuphila, angabaluleka yini emsebenzini wokunqoba? Lapho leso sikhathi sifika, izinsuku zenu ziyoba nzima ukwedlula ezikaNowa nezaseSodoma! Imithandazo yenu ngeke inisize ngaleso sikhathi. Lapho umsebenzi wensindiso usuphelile, kungenzeka kanjani ukuba niphinde niqale phansi niphenduke? Lapho wonke umsebenzi wensindiso sewenziwe, ngeke kusaba khona umsebenzi wensindiso. Into eyoba khona ukuqala komsebenzi wokujezisa omubi. Uyamelana, uyahlubuka futhi wenza izinto owaziyo ukuthi zimbi. Ingabe awufanelwa yini isijeziso esinzima? Ngikutshela lokhu namuhla. Uma ukhetha ukungalaleli, lapho leyo nhlekelele ikwehlela kamuva, akuyobe sekwephuze kakhulu yini uma uqala ngaleso sikhathi ukuzisola bese uqala ukukholwa? Ngikunika ithuba lokuba uphenduke namuhla, kodwa awufuni. Ufuna ukulinda isikhathi eside kangakanani? Kuze kube usuku lolusolwa? Angizikhumbuli iziphambeko zakho ezedlule namuhla; ngikuthethelela ngokuphindaphindiwe, angibheki uhlangothi olubi lwakho ukuze ngibheke kuphela uhlangothi oluhle, ngoba onke amazwi Ami amanje kanye nomsebenzi wenzelwe ukusindisa wena futhi anginayo inhloso embi ngawe. Kodwa awufuni ukungena; awukwazi ukwehlukanisa okuhle kokubi futhi awukwazi ukuthi ungawazisa kanjani umusa. Ingabe lolu hlobo lomuntu alumane yini lulindele leso sijeziso kanye naleyo mbuyiselo elungile?
Ngenkathi uMose eshaya idwala, futhi amanzi anikezwe nguJehova ephuma, kwakungenxa yokholo lwakhe. Ngenkathi uDavide edlala ugubhu lokudumisa Mina, Jehova—ngenhliziyo yakhe egcwele injabulo kwakungenxa yokholo lwakhe. Ngenkathi uJobe elahlekelwa yimfuyo yakhe eyayigcwele ezintabeni, nomcebo omkhulu ngokungenakuchazwa, nomzimba wakhe wagcwala amathumba abuhlungu, bekungenxa yokholo lwakhe. Ngenkathi ezwa izwi Lami, Jehova, wabona inkazimulo Yami, Jehova, bekungenxa yokholo lwakhe. Ukuthi uPetru wayengalandela uJesu Kristu, kwakungokholo lwakhe. Ukuthi wayengabethelwa ngenxa yami esiphambanweni anikeze ubufakazi obukhazimulayo, nalapho kwakungenxa yokholo lwakhe. Ngenkathi uJohane ebona umfanekiso okhazimulayo weNdodana yomuntu, kwakungokholo lwakhe. Ngenkathi ebona umbono wezinsuku zokugcina, kwakuseyilona belu ukholo lwakhe. Isizathu sokuba lokhu okubizwa ngezihlwele zabantu bezizwe bethola isambulo Sami, bese bazi ukuthi ngibuye ngenyama ukuzokwenza umsebenzi Wami phakathi kwabantu, nalokho kungenxa yokholo lwabo. Ingabe Bonke labo abashaywe yngamazwi Ami anzima kodwa futhi baduduzwa yiwo, nabasindisiwe—abenziwe njalo ngenxa yokholo lwabo? Abantu bathole izinto eziningi ngokholo. Abakutholayo akusona isibusiso ngaso sonke isikhathi—ukuze uzwe uhlobo lwenjabulo nentokozo ayizwa uDavide, noma ukuze uthole amanzi anikezwa uJehova njengoba kwenza uMose. Ngokwesibonelo, uJobe wabusiswa nguJehova ngenxa yokholo lwakhe, kodwa futhi wehlelwa yinhlekelele. Kungakhathaleki ukuthi uthola isibusiso noma ubhekana nokuhlupheka, kokubili kuyizehlakalo ezibusisekile. Ngaphandle kokholo, ngeke ukwazi ukuthola lo msebenzi wokunqoba, futhi ngeke ubone izenzo zikaJehova zibonakaliswa ngaphambi kwamehlo akho namuhla. Ngeke ukwazi ukubona, futhi ngeke ukwazi ukwamukela. Lezi zinhlupheko, lezi zinhlekelele, kanye nakho konke ukwahlulelwa—uma lokhu kungakwehlelanga, ingabe ubungakwazi ukubona izenzo zikaJehova namuhla? Namuhla ukholo olukwenza unqotshwe, futhi ukunqotshwa okukwenza ukholelwe kuzo zonke izenzo zikaJehova. Ukholo kuphela olunenza nithole lolu hlobo lokusolwa nesahlulelo. Ngenxa yalokhu kusolwa nezahlulelo, ninqotshiwe futhi napheleliswa. Ngaphandle kwalolu hlobo lokusolwa nesahlulelo enisithola namuhla, ukholo lwenu beluba yize, ngenxa yokuthi animazi uNkulunkulu, akukhathaliseki ukuthi ukholelwa kangakanani Kuye, ukholo lwakho luyoba amazwi angasho lutho futhi angenasisekelo. Kulapho uthola lolu hlobo lomsebenzi wokunqoba kuphela, okuyilona oluyokwenza uqiniseke ngokugcwele ukuthi ukholo lwakho olweqiniso futhi lunokwethenjelwa, nenhliziyo yakho iphendukela kuNkulunkulu. Ngisho noma wahlulelwa noma uqalekiswa kakhulu ngenxa yaleli gama elithi “ukholo,” unokholo lweqiniso, futhi wamukela iqiniso langempela, elingokoqobo, nento eyigugu kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kungale nkambo yokwahlulela kuphela lapho nibona khona isiphetho sendalo kaNkulunkulu; yilokhu kwahlulela okunenza nibone ukuthi uMdali kufanele athandwe; ingalo kaNkulunkulu uyibona emsebenzini wokunqoba onjalo; ukunqoba okunjalo okunenze nakuqonda ngokugcwele ukuphila komuntu; yilokhu kunqoba okunenze nathola umgudu ofanele wokuphila komuntu futhi nathola incazelo yangempela yegama elithi “umuntu”; yilo msebenzi wokunqoba kuphela onenza nibone isimo sokulunga sikaSomandla nobuso Bakhe obuhle nobukhazimulayo; nifunda kulo msebenzi wokunqoba ngomsuka womuntu futhi niqonde wonke “umlando wesikhathi eside” ngesintu; yilokhu kunqoba okunenze naqonda okhokho besintu nomsuka wokukhohlakala kwesintu; yilokhu kunqoba okunenza nijabule futhi niduduzeke niphinde nithole nokusolwa okungapheli, isiyalo, namazwi okusola avela kuMdali owadala isintu; kulo msebenzi wokunqoba nithola izibusiso, nezinhlekelele umuntu okufanele azithole…. Ingabe konke lokhu akwenzeki ngenxa yokholo oluncane lwenu? Ngemva kokuthola zonke lezi zinto, alukhulanga yini ukholo lwenu? Ingabe anitholanga inala? Awukezwa nje kuphela izwi likaNkulunkulu futhi wabona ukuhlakanipha kukaNkulunkulu, kodwa futhi uzibonele mathupha isinyathelo ngasinye somsebenzi. Mhlawumbe uzothi ukube awuzange ube nokholo, ubungeke usolwe ngale ndlela noma wahlulelwe ngale ndlela. Kodwa kufanele wazi ukuthi ngaphandle kokholo, ngeke ugcine nje ngokuthola lolu hlobo lokusolwa noma lolu hlobo lokunakekelwa uSomandla, kodwa uyohlale ulahlekelwa ithuba lokubona uMdali. Awusobe wawazi umsuka wesintu futhi ngeke ukuqonde ukubaluleka kokuphila komuntu. Ngisho noma umzimba wakho ungafa umphefumulo wakho uhambe, ngeke uziqonde zonke izenzo zikaNkulunkulu. Okubi nakakhulu ukuthi ngeke wazi ukuthi uMdali owenza lowo msebenzi omkhulu emhlabeni ngemva kokudala isintu. Njengelungu lalesi sintu esidala, ingabe uzimisele ukuwela ebumnyameni nokuthola isijeziso saphakade ube untula ukuqonda? Uma nizihlukanisa ekusolweni nasesahlulelweni sanamuhla, niyohlangabezana nani? Ingabe nicabanga ukuthi uma senehlukene nesahlulelo samanje, niyokwazi ukuphunyuka kule mpilo enzima? Ingabe akulona iqiniso ukuthi uma nishiya “le ndawo,” niyohlangabezana nobuhlungu noma nilinyazwe udeveli ngesihluku? Ingabe ungaba nemini kanye nobusuku okungabekezeleleki? Ingabe ucabanga ukuthi ngenxa nje yokuthi uphunyuke kulokhu kwahlulela namuhla, ungaligwema ikusasa elibuhlungu? Yini eyoma endleleni yakho? Ingabe ngempela kungaba iShangri-La enilethembile? Ingabe nicabanga ukuthi ningaphunyuka ekusolweni kwaphakade okuzayo ngokumane nje nibalekele okungokoqobo njengoba nenza? Ngemva kwanamuhla, ingabe niyophinde nikwazi ukuthola lolu hlobo lwethuba nalolu hlobo lwezibusiso? Ingabe niyokwazi ukukuthola lapho nehlelwa izinhlekelele? Ingabe niyokwazi ukukuthola lapho sonke isintu singena ekuphumuleni? Ukuphila kwenu okujabulisayo kwamanje nemindeni yenu emincane enokuzwana—ingabe kungathatha isikhundla sekusasa laphakade? Uma ninokholo lweqiniso, futhi uma nizuza okuhle ngenxa yokholo lwenu, khona-ke konke lokho kuyizinto—isidalwa esidaliwe—okufanele sibe nazo. Lolu hlobo lokunqoba luzuzisa kakhulu okholweni lwenu nasempilweni yenu.
Okwamanje udinga ukuqonda lokho uNkulunkulu akucela kulabo abanqotshwayo, ukuthi siyini isimo Sakhe sengqondo ngakulabo abapheleliswayo, nokuthi kuyini okufanele ungene kukho masinyane. Kwezinye izinto udinga kuphela ukuqonda okuncane. Ezinye izinkulumo ngezimfihlakalo akudingeki uzikhathaze ngokuziqonda. Azilona usizo olukhulu ekuphileni, futhi kwanele ukuba uzibheke. Ngokwesibonelo, udinga ukuthi uzibheke izimfihlakalo ezinjengalezo ezimayelana no-Adamu no-Eva. Konke lokho okwakumayelana no-Adamu no-Eva ngaleso sikhathi nomsebenzi uNkulunkulu afuna ukuwenza namuhla. Udinga ukuqonda ukuthi ekunqobeni nasekupheleliseni umuntu, uNkulunkulu ufuna ukubuyisela umuntu endleleni u-Adamu no-Eva ababeyiyo. Umuntu kufanele apheleliswe kanjani ukuze ahlangabezane nendinganiso kaNkulunkulu—kufanele ube nomqondo omuhle walokho bese usebenze kanzima ukufinyelela kukho. Lokho kumayelana nendlela yakho yokwenza futhi kuyinto okufanele uyiqonde. Udinga nje ukufuna ukungena ngokuvumelana namazwi amayelana nalezi zindaba. Lapho ufunda ukuthi “umlando wentuthuko yesintu usuka emashumini ezinkulungwane zeminyaka,” uthola isifiso sokufuna ukwazi, futhi ngalokho uzama ukukuqonda nabafowenu kanye nodadewenu. “UNkulunkulu uthi intuthuko yesintu isuka eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane eziyithupha, akunjalo? Kuyini lokhu mayelana neminyaka engamashumi ezinkulungwane?” Kusiza ngani ukuzama ukuqonda lokhu? Ukuthi uNkulunkulu uqobo ubesebenza amashumi ezinkulungwane eminyaka noma amakhulu ezigidi eminyaka—ingabe uyadinga ukuba ukuqonde lokhu? Lokhu akusiyo into wena njengomuntu odaliwe odinga ukwazi ngayo. Ungamane ubheke lolu hlobo lwenkulumo; ungazami ukuluqonda njengombono. Into odinga ukwazi ngayo yilokho okufanele ungene kukho futhi uthole incazelo ngakho manje. Zindla futhi ucacelwe yilokhu. Kungemva kwalokhu kuphela lapho uzothola khona ukunqotshwa. Ngemva kokufunda okungenhla, kufanele kube nokusabela okuvamile kuwe: UNkulunkulu ukhathazeke kakhulu. Ufuna ukusinqoba futhi azuze udumo kanye nobufakazi. Kufanele sibambisane kanjani Naye? Yini okufanele siyenze ukuze sinqotshwe ngokuphelele Nguye futhi sibe ofakazi Bakhe? Yini okufanele siyenze ukuze senze uNkulunkulu azuze udumo? Yini okufanele siyenze ukuze siphile ngaphansi kokubuswa uNkulunkulu futhi singabi ngaphansi kokubuswa uSathane? Yilokhu okufanele abantu bacabange ngakho. Nonke kufanele nicacelwe ukubaluleka kokunqoba. Yileso isibopho senu. Kungemva kokuthola lokhu kucaca nizoba nokungena, nizokwazi lesi sigaba somsebenzi, futhi nilalele ngokuphelele. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ngeke nithole ukulalela kwangempela.


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Isahluko 37
Kuwo wonke umlando, wonke umsebenzi engiwenzile—sonke isigaba salowo msebenzi – ubuqukethe izindlela Zami ezifanele zomsebenzi. Kungenxa yalokhu ukuthi abantu Bami abathandekayo sebebe msulwa kangcono, futhi sebefanele kangcono ukuthi ngingabasebenzisa. Kodwa ngenxa yalesi sizathu, into eyishwa ukuthi njengoba izindlela Zami zokusebenza zanda, inani labantu liyancipha, okubangela ukuthi abantu bajule ngomcabango. Yebo, umsebenzi Wami namuhla awhlukile kanti futhi abantu abaningi basabambeke ekucabangeni, ngakho ngenxa yezinguquko ezindleleni Zami, kukhona ingxenye yabantu abazohoxa. Kungachazwa ngale ndlela: Lokhu kwakuhlelwe Yimi ngaphambilini, kodwa akwenziwanga Yimi. Kusukela ngesikhathi sokudala kuze kube manje, baningi abawile futhi baningi abadukile ngenxa yezindlela zomsebenzi Wami, kodwa anginandaba nokuthi abantu banjani, noma ngabe bezwa sengathi angithandeki noma ngabe bezwa sengathi nginonya kakhulu, futhi noma ngabe lokhu abantu abakuqondayo kuyikho noma cha, ngiyakugwema ukuthi ngilokhu ngichaza. Masiqale sizwane ngamaphuzu abalulekile ale ngxoxo ukuze wonke umuntu abe nokuqonda okuphelele, ukubavimbela ekuthini bangaqondi ukuthi kungani behlupheka. Angeke ngiphoqe abantu ukuthi bafe buthule sengathi bayizimungulu. Kunalokho, ngizochaza yonke into ngokucacile ukuze abantu bengeke bakhalaze Kimi, kanti ngelinye ilanga abantu bayodumisa ngempela phakathi kokujeziswa Ngabe le ndlela iyavumelana nawe? Ngabe lokho kuyahlangabezana nezidingo zabantu?
Esandulelweni ukufikela enkathini yokujeziswa ngizoqala ngokutshela abantu ngencazelo ejwayelekile “yenkathi” ukuze banganginengi. Okungukuthi, ngizokwenza izinhlelo zomsebenzi Wami, ezingeke ziguqulwe muntu, futhi angeke ngiyeke kalula noma ubani oziguqulayo: Ngizobalahla. Nizokukhumbula lokho? Konke lokhu “kuyimigomo.” Ezindleleni ezintsha bonke abantu kufanele baqale baqonde ukuthi into yokuqala anokufanele bafinyelele kuyo ukuthi baqonde izimo zabo zangempela. Ngaphambi kokuzuza ukuqonda okuthile ngaye uqobo, akekho umuntu ozovunyelwa ukuthi akhulume ngokunganaki ebandleni, futhi ngiyobajezisa nakanjani labo abaphikisana nalokhu. Ukusukela kulolu suku ukuya phambili, bonke abaphostoli bazofakwa ohlwini emabandleni futhi bangavunyelwa ukuthi baye lapha nalaphaya ngokuthanda—lokho kuyothela izithelo ezincane. Bonke kwakusengathi bayawenza umsebenzi wabo kodwa ngokwempela babengikhohlisa. Ngale kokuthi isikhathi esedlule sasinjani, namuhla konke kuyedlula futhi akufanele kuphinde kukhulunywe ngakho. Emva kwalokhu, igama elithi “umphostoli” lizomiswa lingabe lisasetshenziswa, ukuze bonke abantu behle ezikhundleni zabo bazazi. Lokhu empeleni okwensindiso yabo. “Isikhundla” asiwona umqhele, siyigama nje obizwa ngalo. Ngabe incazelo Yami niyayiqonda? Labo abahola amabandla bazoqhubeka baphile impilo yasebandleni khona emabandleni abo, kanti futhi lokhu akuwona umthetho olukhuni. Uma kunesidingo bangavakasha emabandleni ngokusebenzisana nabanye abaphostoli bakudala. Okubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ubudlelwano bamabandla kufanele bunyuke ngaphandle uma engekho amalungu ebandla aphila impilo yebandla. Noma kunjalo, kufanele ngigcizelele ukuthi kufanele nonke nihlanganyele ekuzazini nihlubuke kudrako omkhulu obomvu. Lena inhloso Yami. Akubalulekile ukuthi abantu bakhuluma kangakanani, kodwa okubalulekile ukuthi abantu Bami bonke bakwazi ukuhlangana babe munye, okuyiyona ndlela yokuba nobufakazi bangempela. Esikhathini esedlule, bonke abantu babethi bazofinyelela ekuzazini, kodwa sengikhulume amagama amaningi—kodwa seniziqonda kangakanani? Uma umuntu esesikhundleni esiphezulu kakhulu, kuba nzima kuye ukuthi azibeke eceleni. Uma umuntu enamathemba amakhulu, uzohlupheka kakhulu ngesikhathi esolwa. Lena yinsindiso Yami yesintu—niyakuqonda lokhu? Ningakuthathi kancane lokhu. Ukwenza lokhu kuncane kakhulu futhi akubalulekile; ngabe niyayiqonda incazelo ekulokhu? Uma abantu ebandleni bekwazi ngempela ukuziqonda, lokhu kusho ukuthi lolu hlobo lomuntu luyangithanda ngempela. Okusho ukuthi, uma ungadlelani nabantu, ngeke ubuqonde ubunzima babo. Niwaqonda kanjani la mazwi? Ekugcineni, ngizokwenza ukuthi bonke abantu baziqonde ngesikhathi sokujeziswa ngibenze bacule bahleke ngesikhathi sokujeziswa. Ngabe niyoba nalo ngempela ukholo lokwenelisa Mina? Ngakho kufanele nenze njani ekwenzeni kwenu? Ukusukela manje kuya phambili, izindaba zebandla ngalinye zizophathwa abantu abafanele kulelo bandla, kanti abaphostoli bona bazophila nje impilo yebandla. Lokhu kuthiwa “ukuba nolwazi ngempilo.” Ngabe niyaqonda?
Ngaphambi kokuthi ukujeziswa kufike ngokusemthethweni esintwini, ngizoqala ngenze “umsebenzi wokubingelela” kubantu ukuze ekugcineni bonke bangenelise. Ngisho nalabo abazohoxa, kumele bahlupheke baqedele ubufakazi babo ngaphambi kokuthi bahambe, kungenjalo angeke ngibadedele kalula. Lokhu kukhombisa isimo Sami sokungakwazi ukubekezelela amacala abantu, futhi nesimo Sami sokufeza lokhu engikushoyo. Ngalokho, igcwalisa amazwi aphuma emlonyeni Wami “Ngisuke ngiqinisile ngalokhu engikushoyo, futhi lokhu engikuchazayo kuzofezeka, futhi lokhu engikufezayo kuzoba okwangunaphakade.” Uma amazwi Ami ephuma emlonyeni Wami, kanjalo noMoya Wami uyaqala wenze umsebenzi Wawo. Ubani ongalokotha adlale “ngethoyizi” elisezandleni zabo? Abantu kufanele bamukele ukujezisa Kwami ngenhlonipho, futhi ubani ongakubalekela? Ngabe ikhona enye indlela ngaphandle Kwami? Namuhla ngikuvumele ukuthi ube semhlabeni, futhi wethabile. Kusasa ngizokuvumela ungene ezulwini bese uyadumisa. Ngosuku olulandela lolo, uzoba ngaphansi komhlaba lapho uzojeziswa khona. Ngabe konke lokhu akuzona izidingo zomsebenzi Wami? Ubani ongahlangabezani nebhadi, futhi ubani ongazitholi izibusiso ngenxa yezidingo Zami? Ngabe ningaba imigwili/abehlukile kokwejwayelekile? Njengabantu Bami emhlabeni, yini eningayenzela izidingo Zami eningakwenzela intando Yami? Kungenzeka ukuthi nidumisa igama Lami elingcwele ngemilomo yenu kodwa ezinhliziyweni zenu niyangenyanya? Ukwenza umsebenzi Wami, ukwenelisa inhliziyo Yami, kanjalo nokuqonda ubuwena kanye nokuhlubuka udrako omkhulu obomvu akuwona umsebenzi omncane kanti futhi kufanele nikuhlawulele ukwenza lokho. Uma ngikhuluma “ngentengo” nicabanga ukuthi ngiqondeni? Angeke ngikuxoxe manje lokhu futhi ngeke nginikeze abantu izimpendulo eziqondile. Kunalokho, ngibanikeza bonke ithuba lokuthi bakucabangisise ngokwabo, bese emva kwalokho, basebenzise izenzo zabo okuziphatha ukuphendula imibuzo Yami. Niyakwazi ukwenza lokho?
uMbasa 27, 1992


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Isikhathi esiningi uzothola uPalesa ethe njo ocingweni lwakhe – ehlola ukuthi yiziphi ezihamba phambili kanye nokuthi kwenzakalani emhlabeni wezindaba zamanje.
UPalesa Motanyane oneminyaka engama-27 wase-Ennerdale eNingizimu neGoli uthi, uyajabula ukuthi uthole umthombo wezindaba zakwa-Scrolla.Africa.
UPalesa uwine lo mncintiswano ngoLwesine, ngokuqagela kahle ukuthi uAce Magashule uzoba yiNhlanzi Enkulu elandelayo ezotholakala inamacala obugebengu bokulawulwa kombuso.
“Kwakungeyona into enzima ukuyiqagela, ngesikhathi ngibona umncintiswano wakwa-Scrolla.Africa ngawungenela,” esho. “Ngiyazilandela izindaba zekhomishini [kaZondo]”.
“Kusukela ekuqaleni konyaka bengazi ukuthi izinsuku zikaAce Magashule zibaliwe ngoba abantu abaningi kwikhomishini bebemxhumanisa nemisebenzi yenkohlakalo. Bengazi ukuthi lo nyaka ngeke uphele ngaphambi kokumbona eboshwa.”
UPalesa uthi, umthombo wezindaba zakwa-Scrolla.Africa: “Unginikeza isifiso sokwazi ukuthi kwenzakalani emhlabeni wezindaba kuphinde kunginikeze izindaba ezikhuluma nami nabantu abaningi, abamnyama nabamhlophe beminyaka yonke futhi.”
UPalesa bekungeyena yedwa obecabanga ukuthi uMagashule uzolandela. Kumagama akhethwe ngokungahleliwe alabo abaqagele kahle, bekukhona uGladys Mosia oneminyaka engama-24 waseTembisa othole umklomelo wesibili we-airtime ka-R500 yakwa-MTN.
“Umthombo wezindaba zakwa-Scrolla.Africa ngawuthola kwi-MTN Ayoba App ekuqaleni konyaka,” kusho uGladys.
“Ithimba lakwa-Scrolla.Africa lisigcina sinolwazi lwakamuva nomndeni wami nge-Coronavirus kanye nezinye izindaba ezisematheni emhlabeni jikelele. Ngaphandle kokufunda kwi-MTN Ayoba App, ngiyabalandela emakhasini abo ezinkundleni zokuxhumana.”
Umklomelo wesithathu we-airtime ka-R250 uya kuDoda Buthelezi waseThekwini.
UDoda ucele iqembu lakwa-Scrolla.Africa ukuthi libhale kabanzi ngezemidlalo athanda ukuzifunda uma ehlaba ikhefu ekufundeni ngezepolitiki.
Siyakuzwa Doda. Isifiso sakho sisengenzeka.