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Idea Transcript
imfundo UMnyango WezeMfundo IREPHABHULIKI YASENINGIZIMU AFRIKA
Isitatimende Sikazwelonke Sohlelo Lwezifundo AmaBanga-10–12 (UmGudu Wokufunda Jikelele)
IZILIMI ISIZULU ULIMI LOKUQALA LOKWENGEZA
UMnyango WezeMfundo Sol Plaatje House 123 Schoeman Street Private Bag X895 EPitoli 0001 ENingizimu Afrika Ucingo: +27 12 312-5911 Ifeksi: +27 12 321-6770 120 Plein Street Private Bag X9023 Cape Town 8000 ENingizimu Afrika Ucingo: +27 21 465-1701 Ifeksi: +27 21 461-8110 http://education.pwv.gov.za
© 2003 UmNyango WezeMfundo
ISBN 1-919975-37-3 Design and Layout by: Seriti Printing (Pty) Ltd
IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
INDLELA YOKUSEBENZISA LE NCWADI Lo mbhalo oyinqubomgomo wehlukaniswe izahluko ezine. Kubalulekile ukuthi umfundi awufunde abuye adidiyele ulwazi oluvela ezingxenyeni ezehlukene zalo mbhalo. Okuqukethwe kwaleso naleso sahluko kuchaziwe ngezansi.
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Isahluko 1 – Ukwethulwa kweSitatimende SikaZwelonke Sohlelo Lwezifundo Lesi sahluko sichaza imigomo kanye nesakhiwo nezimpawu zokuhlela ISitatimende SikaZwelonke Sohlelo lweziFundo amaBanga-10 – 12 (Umgudu wokuFunda Jikelele). Sinikeza isingeniso sohlelo lokufunda.
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Isahluko 2 – Ukwethulwa KweNkundla yokuFunda YeziLimi Lesi sahluko sichaza incazelo, inhloso, umklamo, ezemfundo nemikhakha yemisebenzi kanye nemiPhumela yokuFunda yeNkundla yokuFunda yeziLimi. Sinikeza indlela okuqhutshwa ngayo eNkundleni yokuFunda yeziLimi.
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Isahluko 3 – ImiPhumela yokuFunda, Amazinga okuHlola, OkuQukethwe Nezimo Lesi sahluko siqukethe Amazinga okuHlola alowo nalowo mphumela wokufunda nokuqukethwe nezimo zesifundo. Amazinga okuHlola ahlelwe ukuze elekelele umfundi waleli bhuku ukuthi abone intuthuko ehlosiwe ukusuka eBangeni- 1e -10 kuya kwele -12. Amazinga okuHlola abekwe ngendlela eyendlalekile emakhasini ahamba ngamabili. Ekugcineni kwesahluko kunezizathu zokusekela zokuqukethwe nezimo zokufundisa, zokufunda nokuzuza Amazinga okuHlola.
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Isahluko 4 – Ukuhlola Lesi sahluko siphathelene nendlela evamile yokuhlola. Ithebula lezincazelo zamakhono esifundweni linikeziwe ekugcineni kwesahluko. Ithebula liqukethe ikhodi, isilinganiso nezincazelo zamakhono zalelo nalelo banga. Izincazelo zamakhono zihlelwe ngendlela yokuthi ofundayo akwazi ukubona ukuthuthuka ukusuka eBangeni- le-10 kuya kwele-12.
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IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
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Izimpawu Izimpawu ezilandelayo zisetshenziselwa ukubonisa imiPhumela yokuFunda, Amazinga okuHlola, amaBanga, iKhodi, isiLinganiso, IziNcazelo zamaKhono, OkuQukethwe neSimo:
= UmPhumela wokuFunda
Z
= AmaZinga okuHlola
= IBanga
= IKhodi
L
= isiLinganiso
= IziNcazelo zamaKhono
= OkuQukethwe neSimo
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IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
OKUQUKETHWE INDLELA YOKUSEBENZISA LE NCWADI
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IZIFINYEZO/AMA-AKHRONIMI
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ISAHLUKO 1: UKWETHULWA KWESITATIMENDE SIKAZWELONKE SOHLELO LWEZIFUNDO
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IMIGOMO
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Ukuguqulwa kwezenhlalo yomphakathi
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Imfundo esekwe emiphumeleni
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Ulwazi olunzulu namakhono aphekeme
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Ukuhlanganisa nokusetshenziswa kwamakhono
3
Inqubekela phambili yolwazi
3
Ukuhambisana nokuthwaleka
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Amalungelo esintu, ukudidiyela, ubulungiswa bezemvelo nezenhlalo yomphakathi
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Ukwazisa izinhlelo zolwazi lwendabuko
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Ukukholakala, uhlonze nokuqeqesheka/negunya
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UHLOBO LOMFUNDI OLULINDELWE
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UHLOBO LUKATHISHA OLULINDELWE
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ISAKHIWO NEZIMPAWU ZOKUHLELA
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Isakhiwo seSitatimende Sikazwelonke Sohlelo Lwezifundo
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Okuqukethwe yiZitatimende zeziFundo eNkundleni yokuFunda yeziLimi
UMHLAHLANDLELA WEZINHLELO ZOKUFUNDA
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IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
ISAHLUKO 2: UKWETHULWA KWENKUNDLA YOKUFUNDA YEZILIMI INCAZELO
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INHLOSO
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UMKLAMO
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Ukudidiyela
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Amazinga olimi
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UKUXHUMANA KWEZEMFUNDO NEMIKHAKHA YEMISEBENZI
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IMIPHUMELA YOKUFUNDA
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Umphumela wokuFunda 1: Ukulalela nokukhuluma
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Umphumela wokuFunda 2: Ukufunda nokubukela
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Umphumela wokuFunda 3: Ukubhala nokwethula
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Umphumela wokuFunda 4: Uhlelo nokusetshenziswa kolimi
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ISAHLUKO 3: IMIPHUMELA YOKUFUNDA, AMAZINGA OKUHLOLA, OKUQUKETHWE NEZIMO
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Umphumela wokuFunda 1: Ukulalela nokukhuluma
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Umphumela wokuFunda 2: Ukufunda nokubukela
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Umphumela wokuFunda 3: Ukubhala nokwethula
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Umphumela wokuFunda 4: Uhlelo nokusetshenziswa kolimi
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OKUQUKETHWE KANYE NEZIMO EZIBONAKALISA UKUZUZWA KWAMAZINGA OKUHLOLA
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Ukusetshenziswa kwamathekisthi ekufundiseni kolimi
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Ukuqonda ukuthi amathekisthi akhiwe kanjani
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ISAHLUKO 4: UKUHLOLA
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9
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IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
ISINGENISO
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KUNGANI KUHLOLWA
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IZINHLOBO ZOKUHLOLA
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Ukuhlola okuyisisekelo
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Ukuhlola okuxilongayo
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Ukuhlola okwakhayo
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Ukuhlola okuqoqayo
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UKUHLOLA KUMELE KUBE NJANI FUTHI KWENZENI?
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KUHLOLWA KANJANI
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IZINDLELA ZOKUHLOLA
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Ukuzihlola komfundi
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Ukuhlolwa komfundi ngontanga
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Ukuhlolwa kweqembu
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IZINDLELA ZOKUQOQA UBUFAKAZI BOKUHLOLA
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Ukuhlola okwesekwe ekuqapheleni
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Ukuhlola okwesekwe esivivinyweni
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Ukuhlola okwesekwe emsebenzini
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UKUQOPHA NOKUBIKA
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Izindlela zokuqopha
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Ukubika ukusebenza nempumelelo
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IZINCAZELO ZAMAKHONO ESIFUNDWENI
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INQUBEKELA PHAMBILI
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INDLELA AMAKHADI OKUBIKA OKUMELE ABUKEKE NGAYO
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UKUHLOLWA KWABAFUNDI ABANEZINGQINAMBA EKUFUNDENI
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IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
IZINCAZELO ZAMAKHONO OLIMINI LWASEKHAYA
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IGLOSARI (UHLU LWEZINCAZELO ZAMAGANA)
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IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
IZIFINYEZO/AMA-AKHRONIMI HQ HQZ MQJ MQQ MQZNA MSP NZ SNZ SZHF ZLN
UkuHlola okuQhubekayo (CASS) UHlaka lweziQu lukaZwelonke (NQF) ImFundo nokuQeqesha Jikelele (GET) IMfundo nokuQeqesha okuQhubekayo (FET) UMkhandlu wokuQinisekisa iZiqu waseNingizimu Afrika (SAQA) ImFundo eSekwe emiPhumeleni (OBE) INgculaza (AIDS) ISandulela Ngculaza (HIV) ISitatimende sikaZwelonke soHlelo LweziFundo (NCS) IziNhlelo zoLwazi lweNdabuko (IKS)
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IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
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IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
ISAHLUKO 1 UKWETHULWA KWESITATIMENDE SIKAZWELONKE SOHLELO LWEZIFUNDO Ukwamukelwa koMthethosisekelo waseRephabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika (Umthetho we- 108 we- 1996) kwasinikeza isendlalelo sokuguqulwa nokwakhiwa kohlelo lokufunda eNingizimu Afrika. Isendlalelo soMthethosisekelo waseNingizimu Afrika sithi izinhloso zomthethosisekelo yilezi: ■ ukuqeda ubandlululo lwesikhathi esedlule nokwakha umphakathi onesisekelo samagugu entando yeningi ubulungiswa bezenhlalo nesisekelo samalungelo esintu; ■ ukuthuthukisa izinga lempilo lazo zonke izakhamuzi nokukhulula amakhono alowo nalowo muntu; ■ ukubeka isisekelo somphakathi wentando yeningi novulelekile lapho uhulumeni egxile entandweni yabantu nazo zonke izakhamuzi ezivikelwe ngumthetho ngokulinganayo; kanye ■ nokwakha iNingizimu Afrika ebumbene nekhululekile ekwazi ukuthatha indawo yayo eyifanele enguzibuse emndenini wezizwe. UMthethosisekelo uqhubeka nokuthi “wonke umuntu unelungelo… lokuqhubeka nemfundo okumele uMbuso uyenze ibe khona futhi itholakale ngokuqhubekayo, ngezindlela ezifanele.” ISitatimende Sikazwelonke Sohlelo Lwezifundo amaBanga-10 – 12 (Umgudu wokuFunda Jikelele) sibeka isisekelo sokuzuzwa kwalezi zinhloso ngokubeka imiPhumela yokuFunda naMazinga okuHlola nokuveza obala imigomo namagugu asekela uhlelo lwezifundo.
IMIGOMO ISitatimende Sikazwelonke Sohlelo Lwezifundo amaBanga-10 – 12 (Umgudu wokuFunda Jikelele) sesekwe emigomweni elandelayo: ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
ukuguqulwa kwezenhlalo yomphakathi; imfundo esekwe emiphumeleni; ulwazi oluphakeme namakhono aphakeme; ukuhlanganisa nokusetshenziswa kwamakhono; inqubekela phambili yolwazi; ukuhambisana nokuthwaleka; amalungelo esintu, ukudidiyela, ubulungiswa bezenhlalo yomphakathi; ukwazisa izinhlelo zolwazi lwendabuko; kanye nokukholeka, uhlonze nokuqeqesheka / negunya.
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IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
Ukuguqulwa kwezenhlalo yomphakathi UMthethosisekelo waseNingizimu Afrika (uMthetho we - 108 we-1996) wakha isisekelo sokuguqulwa kwezenhlalo emphakathini owawukhungethwe ubandlululo. Ukuphoqeleka kokuguqulwa komphakathi waseNingizimu Afrika ngezindlela ezahlukene kusukela emonakalweni owenziwa ubandlululo nhlangothi zonke zalokho okwenziwa abantu, ikakhulukazi kwezemfundo. Ukuguqulwa kwezenhlalo emfundweni kuhlose ukubhekelela ukungalingani kwezemfundo kwesikhathi esedlula, nokuthi amathuba emfundo alinganayo atholwa yizo zonke izingxenye zezizwe. Ukuze inguquko yezenhlalo iphumelele bonke abantu baseNingizimu Afrika kumele baqiniswe ngokwezemfundo ngokwazisa amandla abanawo nokususwa kwezithiyo mbumbulu ekuzuzeni ubungcweti bolwazi.
Imfundo esekwe emiphumeleni IMfundo eSekwe emiPhumeleni yakha isisekelo sohlelo lwezifundo eNingizimu Afrika. Ngokuhlela imiphumela okufanele izuzwe emva kwesikhathi, ImFundo eSekwe emiPhumeleni izama ukuthi bonke abafundi bakwazi ukuthola izinga eliphelele lokufunda kwabo ngokuhlela Amazinga okuHlola okumele izuzwe ekupheleni komgudu wemfundo. ImFundo eSekwe emiPhumeleni igqugquzela indlela egxile kumfundi nasekwenzeni kwakhe emfundweni. ISitatimende Sikazwelonke Sohlelo Lwezifundo amaBanga-10 – 12 (Umgudu wokuFunda Jikelele) Amazinga okuHlola aso amaBanga-10 – 12 (Umgudu wokuFunda Jikelele) emiPhumeleni esemQoka neThuthukisayo eyagqugquzelwa nguMthethosisekelo wathuthukiswa ngenqubo yentando yeningi. ImiPhumela eSemqoka idinga ukuba abafundi bakwazi uku: ■ bona baxazulule izinkinga, bakwazi nokwenza izinqumo besebenzisa ukucabanga ngokuhlaziya nangobuchule; ■ sebenza ngokuzinikela nabanye njengamalunga eqembu, lombuthano kanye nomphakathi; ■ zihlanganisa bangamele nemisebenzi yabo ngokuzinikela nangempumelelo; ■ qoqa, bahlaziye, bahlele bahlanganise bahlolisise ngokucubungula ulwazi; ■ xoxisana ngempumelelo besebenzisa izinto ezibukwayo, ukufanekisa ngezimpawu kanye namanye amakhono olimi ngezimo ezahlukene; ■ sebenzisa isayensi nobuchwepheshe ngempumelelo nangokuhlolisisa bekhombisa nokuzinikela kwezemvelo kanye nempilo yabanye; kanye ■ nokukhombisa ukuqondisisa umhlaba njengebandla lezinhlelo ezihlobene ngokubona ukuthi izimo zokuxazulula izinkinga azenzeki ngazodwana.
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IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
ImiPhumela eThuthukisayo idinga ukuba umfundi akwazi uku: ■ cabanga ngokuzindla aphinde ahlolisise izinhlobo zamasu okufunda ngokuyimpumelelo enkulu; ■ hlanganyela njengesakhamuzi esibophezelekile empilweni kuleyo ndawo ahlala kuyo esizweni nasemhlabeni wonke jikelele; ■ ba nozwela kumasiko nokwazisa ubuhle ezimweni ezahlukene zemiphakathi; ■ cubungula ngezemfundo namathuba emikhakha yemfundo; kanye ■ nokwenza amathuba amabhizinisi.
Ulwazi olunzulu namakhono aphakeme ISitatimende Sikazwelonke Sohlelo Lwezifundo amaBanga-10 – 12 (UmGudu wokuFunda Jikelele) sihlose ukuthuthukisa izinga eliphezulu lolwazi namakhono abafundi. Sihlela amathuba aphezulu angazuzwa abafundi baseNingizimu Afrika. Ubulungiswa bezenhlalo budinga ukuthi lezo zingxenye zabantu ababecindezelwe ngaphambilini ngenxa yokuswela ulwazi namakhono kumele banikwe amandla amakhono. ISitatimende Sikazwelonke Sohlelo Lwezifundo sikhombisa amazinga afanele olwazi namakhono okumele azuzwe kulelo nalelo banga sihlele namazinga alindelekile angatholwa kuzo zonke izifundo.
Ukuhlanganisa nokusetshenziswa kwamakhono Ukuhlanganisa kutholakala phakathi nakuzo zonke izifundo kanye nezinkundla zokufunda. Ukuhlanganisa ulwazi namakhono kuzo zonke izifundo nasezindaweni zokusebenzisa amakhono kubalulekile ekuzuzeni ikhono lokuzenzela njengoba lichazwe oHlakeni lweziQu lukaZwelonke. Ikhono lokuzenzela lihlose ukuhlanganisa izinhlobo ezintathu zamakhono-okuyikhono lokuzenzela, ikhono eliyisisekelo nelokucabanga ekwamukeleni ukuhlanganisa nekhono lokuzenzela. ISitatimende Sikazwelonke Sohlelo Lwezifundo amaBanga-10 – 12 (Umgudu wokuFunda Jikelele) sifuna ukugqugquzela ukuhlanganiswa kokufundwa kwethiyori, ukwenza, ukusebenzisa ulwazi nokucabanga osekwenziwe.
Inqubekela phambili yolwazi Inqubekela phambili ichaza inqubo yokuthuthukisa amakhono nolwazi oluseqophelweni eliphezulu nolunzima IZitatimende zeziFundo zikhombisa inqubekela phambili yolwazi kusuka ebangeni ukuya kwelilandelayo. UMphumela wokuFunda ngamunye ulandelwa isitatimende esicacisa ngokusobala ukuthi yiliphi izinga lokusebenza elilindelekile kulowo mphumela. Amazinga okuHlola ahlelwe ngesakhiwo esibonisa izinga elikhuphukayo lokulindelekile ebangeni ngalinye. Okuqukethwe nengqikithi yalelo nalelo banga kuzosikhombisa inqubekela phambili ukusuka kokulula ukuya kokunzima.
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IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
Ukuhambisana nokuthwaleka Ukuhambisana kwamabanga kuqondiswe ebudlelwaneni obukhona phakathi kweziqu emazingeni noma emikhakheni eyahlukene oHlakeni lweziQu lukaZwelonke ngezindlela ezigqugquzela ukufinyelela usuka kwesinye isiqu uya kwesinye. Lokhu kubalulekile kuziqu ezingena ngaphansi komgudu owodwa. Njengoba sazi ukuthi umKhakha wemFundo nokuQeqesha okuQhubekayo utholakala phakathi kwemikhakha yemFundo nokuQeqesha Jikelele nemFundo ePhakeme, kubalulekile ukuthi iSitifiketi semFundo nokuQeqesha okuQhubekayo (Umgudu wokuFunda Jikelele) sihambisane neSitifiketi semFundo nokuQeqesha Jikelele neziqu emigudwini efanayo yemFundo ePhakeme. Ukuze kuzuzwe lokhu kuhambisana ukubhalwa kwaleso Sitatimende sesiFundo kwahlanganisa ukuhlolisiswa kokulindelwe ezingeni lokuphuma eziZindeni zokuFunda emKhakheni wemFundo nokuQeqesha Jikelele, nalokho kokufundwayo okuthathwa njengokumele kube khona emazingeni okungena ezifundo zohlobo lunye emFundweni ePhakeme. Ukuthwaleka kuqondiswe ezingeni lapho ingxenye yesiqu (izifundo noma amaqophelo ezingxenye zesifundo) idluliselwa kwesinye isiqu semfundo emigudwini eyahlukene yokufunda yomkhakha ofanayo woHlaka lweZiqu lukaZwelonke. Ngezinhloso zokuthuthukisa ukuthwala izifundo ezitholakele emaBangeni-10 – 12, izindlela ezehlukene zokwenza lokhu ezibhekisisiwe ezifana nokuthatha isifundo njengamaphuzu engama-20 okuklomelisa amaqophelo ezingxenye zesifundo. Izifundo eziqukethwe yiSitatimende Sikazwelonke Sohlelo Lwezifundo amaBanga-10 – 12 (UmGudu wokuFunda Jikelele) ziqhathaniswa namaqophelo ezingxenye zesifundo ezifanele zibhaliswe ngaphansi koHlaka lweziQu lukaZwelonke ukuze kusekelwe kabanzi ukuthwaleka kwezifundo emkhakheni wemFundo nokuQeqesha okuQhubekayo.
Amalungelo esintu, ukudidiyela, ubulungiswa bezemvelo nezenhlalo yomphakathi ISitatimende Sikazwelonke Sohlelo Lwezifundo amaBanga 10 – 12 (UmGudu wokuFunda Jikelele) sifuna ukuthuthukisa amalungelo esintu, ukudidiyela nobulungiswa bezenhlalo nezemvelo. Zonke lezi Zitatimende zeziFundo ezintsha ezibalwe kulolu hlaka zihlanganiswe nemigomo namasu obulungiswa bezenhlalo nezemvelo kanye namalungelo esintu njengoba echaziwe kuMthethosisekelo waseNingizimu Afrika. Ikakhulu, ISitatimende Sikazwelonke Sohlelo Lwezifundo amaBanga-10 – 12 (UmGudu wokuFunda Jikelele) siyazwela ezindabeni zokwehluka njengobuphofu, ukungalingani, ubuzwe, ubulili, ulimi, ubudala nokukhubazeka nezinye izimo. ISitatimende Sikazwelonke Sohlelo Lwezifundo amaBanga-10 – 12 (UmGudu wokuFunda Jikelele) samukela indlela edidiyelayo ngokukhomba izidingo ezimbalwa zabafundi bonke. Imfundo yazisa ukuthi bonke abafundi kumele ukuba bakwazi ukuthuthuka ngokusemandleni abo uma nje bengakwazi ukuthola ukuxhaswa okudingekayo. Izidingo zomqondo, zenhlalonhle, zemizwa, ezomoya nezomzimba zabafundi zizokuqondiswa nokubhalwa kwezinhlelo zokufunda ezifanele nangokusebenzisa izikhali ezifanele zokuhlola.
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IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
Ukwazisa izinhlelo zolwazi lwendabuko Eminyakeni yawo 1960 ithiyori yezingqondo eziningi yaphoqelela abafundisi ukuba babone ukuthi ziningi izindlela zokuhlela ulwazi ukuze kuqondwe umhlaba nokuthi, umuntu bekufanele ukuba achaze kabusha ubuhlakani umuntu bekuyofanele athathe lezi zindlela ezahlukene ekuchazeni. Kuze kube ngaleyo nkathi izwe laseNtshonalanga lalisazisa ukuhleleka komqondo, ezezibalo, nokwazi amakhono olimi aqondile, lilinganisa abantu njengabantu “abakhaliphile” kuphela uma betshengisa la makhono. Manje abantu sebazisa izindlela zolwazi ezahlukene okungazo abantu abenza umqondo ngezwe abahlala kulona. Izinhlelo zolwazi lwendabuko endaweni yaseNingizimu Afrika zibhekiswe esilulwini solwazi esimbelwe ekucabangeni kwenzululwazi yaseAfrika nakwezenqubo yesimo senhlalo ezasunguleka eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane eyedlula. ISitatimende Sikazwelonke Sohlelo Lwezifundo amaBanga-10 – 12 (UmGudu wokuFunda Jikelele) singenisa umqondo wezinhlelo zolwazi lwendabuko eZitatimendeni zesiFundo ukwazisa ukunotha komlando namasiko aleli lizwe nomthelela okube nawo njengomsuka wenguquko ukusiza ekuguquleni amagugu abafundi. Ngokuletha izinhlobonhlobo zezindlela zokubona izinto ukusiza ekuxazululeni izinkinga kuzo zonke izimo.
Ukukholakala, uhlonze nokuqeqesheka/negunya ISitatimende Sikazwelonke Sohlelo Lwezifundo amaBanga-10 – 12 (UmGudu wokuFunda Jikelele) sihlose ukuzuza ukukholeka ngokulandela uhlelo lwezinguquko nangokuhlinzeka ngohlobo lwemfundo olungaqhathaniseka ngokwegunya, ubude nobubanzi naleyo yakwamanye amazwe. Ukuqinisekisa ngokwegunya kumele kuhanjiswe ngokwezidingo zomThetho womKhandlu weziQu waseNingizimu Afrika (uMthetho wama-58 we – 1995), imiThetho yokuQinisekisa uHlonze yemFundo nokuQeqesha, noMthetho wesiQinisekiso soHlonze wemFundo nokuQeqesha Jikelele kanye neQhubekayo (uMthetho wama-58 we—2001).
UHLOBO LOMFUNDI OLULINDELWE Okusemqoka ekuzakheni kwethu njengabantu amagugu lawa asinikeza incazelo ezinkambweni zethu zokomoya wengqondo nokucatshangwayo. The Manifesto on Values, Education and Democracy (Department of Education, 2001:9–10) isho lokhu okulandelayo mayelana nemfundo namagugu: Values and morality give meaning to our individual and social relationships They are the common currencies that help make life more meaningful than might otherwise have been. An education system does not exist to simply serve as a market, important as that may be for economic growth and material prosperity. Its primary purpose must be to enrich the individual, and by extension, the broader society. Uhlobo lomfundi olindelwe ilolo oluzothelelwa ngamagugu noluzokwenza konke kube sentandweni yomphakathi kugxiliswe ekuhlonipheni intando yeningi, ukulingana, ukuhlonipha isintu nobulungisa bezomphakathi njengoba kugqugquzelwa uMthethosisekelo.
Umfundi ophuma emkhakheni wemFundo nokuQeqesha okuQhubekayo kumele akhombise ukuthi useyizuzile
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IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
imiPhumela eSemqoka neThuthukisayo ebalwe ngasekuqaleni kwalo mbhalo. Izifundo ezitholakala emFundweni eyisiSekelo ngokuqoqekile zigqugquzela ukuzuzwa kwemiPhumela eSemqoka neThuthukisayo ngenkathi izifundo ezithile ezingaphansi kwengxenye ewuMongo neyokweNgeza ngayinye zigqugquzela ukuzuzwa kwemiphumela ethile eyisiSekelo neThuthukisayo. Ngaphezu kwalokhu abafundi abaphuma emkhakheni wemFundo nokuQeqesha okuQhubekayo kumele: ■ babe nelungelo lokuthola imfundo, babe nempumelelo emfundweni nokuqeqeshwa okuqhubekayo okunohlonze impilo yonke; ■ bakwazi ukutshengisa ikhono lokucabanga ngokuhleleka nangokuhlolisisa baphinde bacabange ngokuphelele nangendlela yokuxazulula inkinga ngokungayiqondi ngqo; baphinde ■ bakwazi ukudlulisela amakhono abanawo ezimweni ezijwayelekile nezingajwayelekile.
UHLOBO LUKATHISHA OLULINDELWE Bonke othisha nabafundisi nabanye abaphathi bezemfundo bangababambi qhaza abasemqoka ezinguqukweni zezemfundo eNingizimu Afrika. ISitatimende Sikazwelonke Sohlelo Lwezifundo amaBanga-10 – 12 (UmGudu wokuFunda Jikelele) sihlose ukuba nothisha abanolwazi, abanamakhono okwenza umsebenzi, abazinikelayo, nabanakekelayo. Bazokwazi ukufeza izinhlobo zemisebenzi ababhekene nayo njengoba ihlelwe emiThethweni nemiGomo yabaFundisi. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuba ngabaxhumanisi bokufunda, abahumushi nabahleli bezinhlelo nezinsiza kufunda nokufundisa, abaholi, abaphathi nezimenenja, izazi, abacwaningi nabafundi abafunda impilo yabo yonke, amalungu omphakathi, izakhamuzi nabelusi, abahloli, nochwepheshe bezifundo.
ISAKHIWO NEZIMPAWU ZOKUHLELA Isakhiwo seSitatimende SikaZwelonke soHlelo lweziFundo ISitatimende Sikazwelonke Sohlelo Lwezifundo amaBanga-10 – 12 (UmGudu wokuFunda Jikelele) siqukethe umBhalo oyiNcazelo jikelele, uHlaka lweNqubomgomo yeziQu nokuHlola kanye nomBhalo weZitatimende zesiFundo. Izifundo ezitholakala eSitatimendeni Sikazwelonke Sohlelo Lwezifundo amaBanga-10 – 12 (UmGudu wokuFunda Jikelele) zehlukaniswe ngeziNkundla zokuFunda.
Iyini iNkundla yokuFunda? Inkundla yokufunda iyingxenye esebenza njengesizinda sezifundo eziwuhlobo lunye, nekhuthaza ukwakhiwa kwemithetho yokudidiyela izifundo yeSitifiketi semFundo nokuQeqesha okuQhubekayo (UmGudu wokuFunda Jikelele). Ukuhlukaniswa kweziNkundla zokuFunda zamaBanga-10 – 12 kubhekela ukuhambisana
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IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
nemikhakha yemFundo nokuQeqesha Jikelele nemFundo ePhakeme, kanye nezindlela zokuhlela zakwamanye amazwe. Nakuba ukwakhiwa kweSitatimende SikaZwelonke soHlelo lweziFundo amaBanga-10 – 12 (UmGudu wokuFunda Jikelele) kusebenzise izinkundla zokuhlela eziyishuminambili uHlaka lweziQu lukaZwelonke njengomsuka waso, kumele kugcizelelwe ukuthi lezi zinkundla zokuhlela eziyishumi nambili akuzona iziNkundla zokuFunda noma ‘izinkundla zolwazi’ kodwa zixhunyaniswe ezinhlelweni zemisebenzi. Inhlanganisela yezifundo elandelayo ihlukaniswe ngeziNkundla zokuFunda ukuze isize abafundi ekudidiyeleni izifundo: ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
IziLimi (eziyisiSekelo) UbuCiko namaSiko; EzamaBhizinisi, ezoHwebo, iziFundo zeziNsizakalo nokuPhatha; EzokuKhiqiza, ezobuNjiniyela nezobuChwepheshe; Inzululwazi ngaBantu nezokuHlalisana kwaBantu, neziLimi; kanye Nenzululwazi yezeMvelo, eMethametiki, eKhompyutha, ezeMpilo nawezoLimo.
Siyini isifundo? Isifundo endulo sasichazwa njengesilulu ‘solwazi’ lwemfundo. Lolu lwazi lwesifundo lugcizelela ulwazi kunamakhono, amagugu nendlela yokuthatha/yokubheka izinto. Izifundo zazibukwa ngabanye njengeziyizinto ezimile ezingaguquki, futhi zazinemingcele elukhuni engaguquki. Ngokujwayeleke kakhulu, izifundo zazigcizelela kabanzi umthelela wolwazi lwaseNtshonalanga. Ohlelweni lwemfundo esekwe emiphumeleni njengeSitatimende SikaZwelonke Sohlelo lweziFundo amaBanga 10 – 12 (UmGudu wokuFunda Jikelele), imingcele isiyafiphala. Ulwazi luhlanganisa ithiyori, amakhono namagugu. Izifundo zibukeka njengeziguqukayo, okumele ukuba zamukele ulwazi olusha nolwahlukene zihlanganise nolwazi olwaluvame ukuba lungafakwa ohlelweni olusemthethweni lokufunda. Isifundo ohlelweni lwemfundo esekwe emiphumeleni sichazwa kabanzi ngemiPhumela yokuFunda, hhayi nje kuphela ngesilulu sokuqukethwe. Engqikithini yaseNingizimu Afrika, Amazinga okuHlola ngokuhleleka kumele iholele ekuzuzweni kwemiPhumela esemQoka neThuthukisayo. ImiPhumela yokuFunda ichazwa kabanzi futhi ikhululekile, ikwazi ukuvumela ukungenisa izinto ezenzeka emphakathini okuphilwa kuwona.
Uyini umPhumela wokuFunda? UmPhumela wokuFunda isitatimende somphumela ohlosiwe wokufunda nokufundisa, uchaza ulwazi, amakhono namagugu okumele umfundi awazuze ekupheleni komkhakha wemFundo nokuQeqesha okuQhubekayo. ImiPhumela yokuFunda yakha iqoqa lezifundo.
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IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
Liyini Izinga lokuHlola? Amazinga okuHlola izimpawu ezichaza lokho umfundi amele ukukwazi, akwazi nokukwenza ebangeni elithile. Ihlanganisa ulwazi, amakhono namagugu adingekayo ukuze kuzuzwe Amazinga okuHlola. Amazinga okuHlola ekhona kulowo nalowo mPhumela wokuFunda itshengisa ngokuhlanganyela ukuthi ukukhula komqondo kwenzeka kanjani ukusuka ebangeni ukuya kwelinye.
Okuqukethwe yiZitatimende zesiFundo eNkundleni yokuFunda yeziLimi Yileso naleso Sitatimende sesiFundo siqukethe izahluko ezine kanye nokuchazwa kwamagama/iglosari. ■ Isahluko- 1, Ukwethulwa kweSitatimende Sikazwelonke Sohlelo lweziFundo: Lesi sahluko esiqukethe konke sisethulela iSitatimende Sikazwelonke Sohlelo Lwezifundo amaBanga 10 – 12 (Umgudu wokuFunda Jikelele). ■ Isahluko- 2, Ukwethulwa KweNkundla Yokufunda YeziLimi: Lesi sahluko sisethulela izimpawu ezisemqoka zeNkundla yokuFunda yeziLimi. Siqukethe incazelo yenkundla yokufunda, inhloso, ububanzi, ezemfundo nemikhakha yemisebenzi, nemiPhumela yokuFunda. ■ Isahluko- 3, ImiPhumela yokuFunda, Amazinga okuHlola, okuQukethwe neZimo: Lesi sahluko siqukethe imiPhumela yokuFunda kanye naMazinga okuHlola ehambisana nayo, nokuQukethwe neZimo ezibonakalisa ukuzuzwa kwaMazinga okuHlola. ■ Isahluko- 4, Ukuhlola: Lesi sahluko sichaza inqubomgomo yokuhlola sinikeze nezizathu zokusekela zokuqopha nokubika ekuhloleni. Siphinde sinikeze uhlu lokuchazwa kokwazi ukwenza okuqondene ngqo nesifundo . ■ IGlosari: Lapho kufanele khona, uhlu lwamagama jikelele akhethiwe kanye naqondene ngqo nesifundo achaziwe ngamafuphi.
UMHLAHLANDLELA WEZINHLELO ZOKUFUNDA UHlelo lokuFunda luchaza ububanzi bokufunda nokuhlolwa kwamabanga amathathu omkhakha wemFundo nokuQeqesha okuQhubekayo. Luwuhlelo oluqinisekisa ukuthi umfundi uzuza Amazinga okuHlola njengoba kunqunyiwe Amazinga okuHlola akulelo banga. UmHlahlandlela weziNhlelo zokuFunda usiza othisha nabanye abaklami beziNhlelo zokuFunda ekuhleleni nasekwakheni izinhlelo zokufunda nokufundisa nokuhlola okunohlonze.
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IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
ISAHLUKO 2 UKWETHULWA KWENKUNDLA YOKUFUNDA YEZILIMI INCAZELO Ulimi isikhali sokuba abantu bakwazi ukuveza imicabango, bakwazi ukuxhumana. Ukuhlukana ngamasiko nobudlelwane bokuhlalisana bakhiwa buvezwe ngalo ulimi. Ukufunda ukusebenzisa ulimi ngempumelelo kusiza abafundi ukuba bakwazi ukucabanga nokuthola ulwazi, ukuze bakwazi ukuveza ubuzwe babo, imizwa nemicabango yabo, ukuze bakwazi ukuxhumana nokwazana nabanye kanye nokuphatha umhlaba wonke.
INHLOSO Ngokubona ukwahlukahlukana kwezilimi namasiko aseNingizimu Afrika, izakhamuzi zakhona kumele zikwazi ukuxhumana ngazo zonke izilimi ngokungahlangabezani nezingqinamba zolimi, baqinisekise ukuhlonipha nokuqonda amasiko nokuphathelene nezilimi. Ukwahlukahlukana kwezilimi kwamukelwa futhi kwenziwa igugu nguMthethosisekelo wezwe ngokuthi wenze izilimi eziyi-11 zibe semthethweni zihambisane neNqubomgomo yoLimi emFundweni yobuliminingi obengezayo. Abafundi baphoqelekile ukufunda okungenani izilimi ezimbili njengeziyisiSekelo kanti ezinye izilimi zingafundwa njengeziwuMongo kanye / noma ezokuziKhethela. EmKhakheni wemFundo nokuQeqesha Jikelele ukuthuthukiswa kakhulu kolwazi lolimi lwasekhaya lomfundi kuyagcizelelwa ukuze akwazi ukuba afunde nezinye izilimi zokwengeza. Ngesikhathi abafundi sebenza ibanga le-10, basuke sebeke bahlangabezana futhi bazizama izilimi zokwengeza, kungenzeka nokuthi sebeke basebenzisa ulimi lokwengeza ekufundeni uMkhakha wemFundo nokuQeqesha okuQhubekayo okunikeza abafundi amathuba okuqinisa nokuthuthukisa amakhono abo okusebenzisa izilimi eziningi. Ngesikhathi abafundi beqhubeka namabanga aphezulu balindeleke ukuba bakwazi ukusebenzisa ulimi ngokugeleza okukhulayo, ngobuchwepheshe nangokunembayo ezimweni ezinhlobonhlobo ezikhulayo. Balindeleke ukuba bazifundele futhi bazithuthukise ngokwabo ukuze bakwazi ukusebenzisa amakhono obuliminingi ezimweni ezehlukahlukene ezinzima neziphonsa inselelo. Uhlu lwezinhlobonhlobo zamakhono okufunda nokuloba oludingekayo ukuze umuntu akwazi ukubamba iqhaza ngempumelelo emphakathini nasemsebenzini nasemnothweni womhlaba wonke jikelele weminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amabili nanye selukhule ngaphezu kokulalela nokukhuluma, ukufunda, ukubhala nobuciko bomlomo selufaka amakhono anhlobonhlobo anjengokusakaza, umdwebo, ulwazi, amakhompyutha, amasiko, kanye nokufunda nokuloba ngokuhlaziya. Uhlelo lwemfundo yoLimi lulungiselela abafundi ngezinselelo abayobhekana nazo njengezakhamuzi zaseNingizimu Afrika nanjengamalungu omphakathi womhlaba wonke.
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IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
UMkhakha wemFundo nokuQeqesha okuQhubekayo lwenza abafundi bakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo eziningi zemiPhumela eSemqoka neThuthukisayo, kuhlanganisa nalokhu okulandelayo okuphokophelwe: ■ Ukuthuthukisa nokujulisa amazinga olimi abaluthole emkhakheni wemFundo nokuQeqesha Jikelele, lokhu kumbandakanya ukusebenzisa amakhono olimi ngokwengqondo adingeka ekufundeni kwabo ohlelweni lwemfundo yabo yonke, ukwazisa nokujabulela ubuhle bemibhalo, ukuze bakwazi ukulalela, ukukhuluma, ukufunda nokubhala ngokuzethemba nangenjabulo. Lo mqondo namakhono anjalo yikona okwenza umongo wokuthokozela imfundo yempilo yabo yonke. ■ Ukusebenzisa ulimi ngendlela efanele ezimweni zempilo bebhekelela izethameli, inhloso nendawo. ■ Ukuveza nokusekela imicabango / imibono kanye nemizwa yabo ngokuzethemba ukuze bakwazi ukuba abantu abazimele nabakwazi ukucabanga bajule. ■ Ukusebenzisa ulimi nemicabango yabo ukumela nokuhlola ulwazi lwabantu ngokusebenzisa amathekisthi anhlobonhlobo, abafundi bakwazi ukucabanga nokuhlaziya ngezimpilo nolwazi lwabo nokuba bakwazi ukubhekelela eminye imibono yomhlaba. ■ Ukusebenzisa ulimi ukufinyelela nokwengamela ulwazi lokufunda kulo lonke uhlobo lokufunda nakwezinye izimo ezinhlobonhlobo. Ulwazi lokufunda nokubhala luyikhono elibalulekile kakhulu ‘esikhathini solwazi’, lwakha isisekelo semfundo eqhubekayo. ■ Ukusebenzisa ulimi njengesikhali sokucabanga okunzulu nokunobuchule. Le nhloso iveza ukuthi ulwazi lwakhiwa ngendlela okuhlaliswana ngayo emphakathini ngobudlelwane phakathi kolimi nomcabango. ■ Ukuveza imibono ephusile ngezinto eziphathelene nokuziphatha namagugu. Ukuze bakwazi ukwakha izinto ezingamagugu kubo, abafundi kumele bazimbandakanye namathekisthi aphathelene namalungelo abantu nezibopho ezinjengamalungelo ezingane, abesimame, abakhubazekile, abadala nokunye okuxhumeke kwezobuzwe, amasiko, izinkolelo, izinga lempilo, ezenkolo, ubulili, iSandulelangculazi /neNgculazi, inkululeko yokukhuluma, ukucwaninga izici nezemvelo. ■ Ukusebenzisa amathekisthi anhlobonhlobo ngokuhlolisisa. Abafundi bazokwazi ukubona nokuphonsa inselele ngendlela yokubona izinto, amagugu, ubudlelwane bamandla obutholakala phakathi kwamathekisthi. ■ Ukubona ukungalingani ngamazinga ezilimi ezahlukene nezinhlobonhlobo zolimi. Abafundi bazokwazi ukuphonsa inselele ekucindezelweni kwanoma yiluphi ulimi noma uhlobo lolimi, bamele amalungelo olimi lwabo emphakathini okhuluma izilimi eziningi.
UMKLAMO Ukudidiyela Ukufundisa nokuhlola kumele kubhekelele ukudidiyela bonke abafundi kuphinde kutholakale namasu okubasiza ukuze bakwazi ukuthola noma bakhiqize amathekisthi olimi. Abanye abafundi abahlangabezana nezingqinamba angeke bakwazi ukuzuza eminye yala Mazinga okuHlola njengoba yethulwe eSitatimendeni SikaZwelonke soHlelo lweziFundo. Ngakho-ke lokhu okulandelayo kumele ukuba kubhekelwe: ■ Amathemu ‘chaza’, ‘phinda uchaze’, ‘xoxa’, ‘phinda uxoxe’, ‘beka ngawakho amazwi’,‘khuluma’, ‘isho’, ‘xoxa’ ‘bhunga’, ‘chaza’, ‘buza’ ‘nokuxoxisana’ kumele aqondwe njengokufaka zonke izinhlobo
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IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
zokuxhumana ngomlomo nokuxhumana okulotshwayo, kufakwa nokuxhumana ngezimpawu nezinsiza zokuxhumana. Ngokufanayo, igama elithi ‘okuxoxwa ngomlomo’ kuhlanganisa kufaka ukuxhumana ngezimpawu nezinye izinsiza zokuxhumana. ■ Amathemu ‘lalela’, ‘bheka’, ‘funda’ nokubukela ahlanganisa izindlela zokuxhumana ezinjengokufundwa kwezindebe zomlomo nokuqaphela ulimi lwezimpawu. ■ Abafundi abahlangabezana nezingqinamba ekuboneni bangadinga izinsiza noma izincwadi ezisezimweni ezinjenge-Breyili, isiqophamazwi sokulalela, umbhalo omkhulu, izinsiza ezizodinga ukuba basebenzise imizwa yokuthinta kanye nemidwebo. Umqondo othi ‘ukubona ngokwengqondo’ ungavezwa ngokusebenzisa amalunga omzimba. Okuphathelene negama ‘funda’ kufaka imithombo enjenge-Breyili namabhuku aqoshwe kuziqophamazwi.
Amazinga Olimi Ukufundwa koLimi emkhakheni wemFundo nokuQeqesha okuQhubekayo kumbandakanya zonke izilimi ezisemthethweni: IsiBhunu, IsiNgisi, IsiNdebele, IsiXhosa, IsiZulu, isiSuthu, isiPedi (isiSuthu sase-Lebowa), isiTswana, isiSwazi, isiVenda kanye nesiTsonga neBreyili noLimi lweziMpawu futhi kungangezwa ngezinye izilimi ezamukelwe yiBhodi yeziLimi yaseNingizimu Afrika. IZitatimende zeziFundo zoLimi LwaseKhaya, uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza kanye noLimi LwesiBili LokweNgeza zingahunyushelwa ezilimini okungezona ezoMbuso futhi lezi zilimi zingafundiswa njengeziNgxenye eziwuMongo noma ezokuzikhethela zoHlelo LweMfundo.
Zonke izilimi zingafundiswa kumazinga alandelayo: ■ ULimi LwaseKhaya: ULimi Lwasekhaya lomfundi kudingeka ukuba lwesekelwe futhi luthuthukiswe ukuze lunikeze isendlalelo esiqinileyo sokufunda izilimi zokwengeza. EmKhakheni wemFundo nokuQeqesha okuQhubekayo, zonke izilimi ezisemthethweni zaseNingizimu Afrika zinemiPhumela yokuFunda yoLimi LwaseKhaya esezingeni eliphakeme, engaqhathaniswa nezinga lomhlaba jikelele. Lokhu kuhambisana nezidingo zomthethosisekelo zokulingana kwezilimi ezisemthethweni. Izinga lolwazi lolimi lwasekhaya kufanele lube sezingeni elingenza ukuba lusetshenziswe njengolimi lokufunda nokufundisa. Amakhono okulalela nokukhuluma kumele kugqugquzelwe ukuba athuthukiswe, acolisiswe kodwa kuleli zinga makugcizelelwe ukuthuthukisa amakhono okufunda nokubhala omfundi.
■ ULimi LokuQala LokweNgeza: Ukufunda ulimi lokuqala lokwengeza kugqugquzela ulwazi lokukhuluma izilimi eziningi nokuhlangana ngezamasiko nokuxhumana. Imiphumela yoLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza inikeza amazinga obuchwepheshe olimi ahlangabezana nesiqalo samazinga adingekayo ekufundeni ngempumelelo ohlelweni lonke, njengoba abafundi bengafunda ngoLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza esimweni saseNingizimu Afrika. Lokhu kufaka amakhono olimi okucabanga nokufunda adingekayo ekucabangeni nasekufundeni. Lokhu kubhekiswe kuzo zonke izilimi ezisemthethweni. Kuzoba khona ukugcizelela okulinganayo kwamakhono okulalela, okukhuluma, okufunda nokubhala.
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IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
■ ULimi LwesiBili LokweNgeza: Ukufunda ulimi lwesibili lokwengeza kuqhubela phambili ulwazi lokukhuluma izilimi eziningi nokuxhumana ngokwamasiko. Nanoma amakhono okufunda nokubhala ezothuthukiswa, kuleli zinga kuzogcizelelwa ukuthuthukisa amakhono okukhuluma nokulalela. Izinga loLimi LwesiBili lokweNgeza kufanele libhekise ekuthuthukiseni ukuxhumana phakathi kwabantu. Engxenyeni eyiSisekelo yomkhakha wemFundo nokuQeqesha okuQhubekayo bonke abafundi mababe befunde izilimi ezimbili ezisemthethweni okungenani olulodwa LwaseKhaya nolulodwa oLimini LokuQala LokweNgeza noma ezingeni loLimi LwaseKhaya. Olulodwa lwalezi zilimi malube uLimi LokuFunda nokuFundisa. Ezingxenyeni zezifundo ezinguMongo nezeNgeziwe, izilimi ezisemthethweni zingafundwa ezingeni loLimi LwaseKhaya, uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza kanye/noma uLimi LwesiBili LokweNgeza ikakhulukazi kubafundi abanothando lwezilimi nokuthuthukisa ulwazi lwezilimi eziningi.
UKUXHUMANA KWEZEMFUNDO NEMIKHAKHA YEMISEBENZI EmKhakheni wemFundo nokuQeqesha Jikelele, izilimi zifundiswa esiZindeni sokuFunda seziLimi kanti esigabeni semFundo nokuQeqesha okuQhubekayo, iNkundla yeziLimi ixhumana nenkundla yokuhlela yokufunda: INkundla Yezokuxhumana nokufunda Ulimi yomKhandlu wokuQinisekisa iziQu waseNingizimu Afrika. Ukuqinisekisa inqubekela phambili izinqubomgomo zokuhlela ezifanayo zisetshenziswe njengasemKhakheni wemFundo nokuQeqesha Jikelele: ■ amakhono olimi okulalela, okukhuluma, okufunda nokubhala awumgogodla wokuthuthukisa Amazinga okuHlola; kanye ■ nokusetshenziswa kwezinhlobonhlobo zamathekisthi kusiza abafundi ukuba bakwazi ukuhlola izindaba eziphathelene nomuntu uqobo lwakhe, isizwe nomhlaba jikelele nokwakha ulwazi oluthuthukayo lomhlaba. Ukufunda izilimi kungaholela emikhakheni yezilimi njengobuntatheli, ukuhumusha, ukufundisa ulimi, ukukhangisa, ukuxhumanisa njalonjalo. Kepha, kuyabonakala ukuthi izilimi ziyisisekelo sakho konke ukufunda, hhayi kuphela empilweni yansuku zonke kodwa nasendaweni yokusebenza. Ukuthuthuka kohwebo kuncike ekhonweni lolimi lomfundi. Emhlabeni wobuchwepheshe obuncintisana ezingeni eliphakeme, ukungena komfundi kunqunywa ngekhono lokuxhumana lomfundi. Ulimi luyisifundo esiyisango okuthi uma sifundiswa kabana sivimbele kakhulu amagunya omfundi okukhetha umsebenzi. Ukwazi ukufunda nokuloba kuyisisekelo sokuqedelwa kwemisebenzi yansuku zonke kusiza emakhonweni umfundi azowasebenzisa impilo yakhe yonke ekubhekaneni nomhlaba. Ulimi luyisikhali esingenza lula ubudlelwane bomfundi nabantu abasemphakathini asondelene nawo nozwela ulimi olusetshenziswa ngalo lunquma impumelelo nokwahluleka kobudlelwane obuningi phakathi kwabantu.
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IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
IMIPHUMELA YOKUFUNDA Ububanzi nenhloso okukhulunywe ngakho ngenhla kuhlanganiswe kwafingqwa kwaba Amazinga okuHlola amane. Nakuba le miphumela ihlelwe ngokwehlukana kumele ifundiswe, ihlolwe ngokuhlanganiswa esifundweni.
UmPhumela wokuFunda 1: Ukulalela nokukhuluma Umfundi ukwazi ukulalela nokukhuluma kuhambisane nezinhloso, izethameli nezimo ezehlukahlukene. Abafundi bayaqonda ukuthi ukukhuluma nokulalela kuyimisebenzi yokuhlalisana kwabantu okwenzeka ezimweni ezithile kwenzelwa izinhloso nezethameli ezahlukene nokuthi ezethulwa ngomlomo kanye nesitayela esisetshenziswa esimweni esithize, siyehluka kanjalo. Babona basebenzise ngokufanele amathekitshi athulwa ngomlomo nolimi olusetshenziswa ngokwabalaleli, inhloso nezimo ezinqunyelwe imigomo nezinganqunyelwe migomo. Ukuxhumana nokulalela kuwumgogodla kuzo zonke izifundo. Ngokusebenzisa amasu ayimpumelelo okulalela nokuxhumana, abafundi baqoqa babuye bahlanganise ulwazi, bakhe ukwazi, baxazulule izinkinga nokweneka imicabango nemibono. Amakhono okulalela ngokuhlolisisa enza izingane zikwazi ukubona amagugu nezimo ezimbelwe emibhalweni nokuphonsa inselelo olimini olubandlululayo nolukhohlisayo.
UmPhumela wokuFunda 2: Ukufunda nokubukela Umfundi ukwazi ukufunda nokubukela ukuze aqonde aphinde acubungule ngokuhlolisisa aphendule ngezinhlobo zamathekisthi eziningi. Amakhono athuthukiswe kahle okufunda nokubukela awumgogodla ekufundeni okuyimpumelelo kulo lonke uhlelo lwezifundo nasekuzimbandakanyeni emphakathini nasemsebenzini. Abafundi bathuthukisa ubuchwepheshe ekufundeni nasekubukeleni uhlu olubanzi lwamathekisthi, ngisho namathekisthi abukelwayo ukuthola ulwazi. Abafundi babona ukuthi uhlobo lwamathekisthi nolimi olusetshenziswa ngokwenhloso, izethameli nesimo lubonisa kanjani inhloso, izethameli nesimo samathekisthi. Abafundi basebenzisa izinhlu ezahlukene zamasu okufunda nokubukela ancike enhlosweni yabo yokufunda kanye nohlobo lwamathekisthi. Abafundi bathola umqondo / umyalezo emathekisthini, babone amagugu naloko okucatshangwayo noma okuhlawumbeliswayo bese bephendula ngokuhlolisisa nangokucophelela. Ngokufunda nokubukela abafundi beveza ubudlelwane ekubeni khona kwabo kanye nabanye. Ukufunda amathekisthi kunikeza abafundi izibonelo zokubhala amathekisthi abo uqobo.
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IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
UmPhumela wokuFunda 3: Ukubhala nokwethula Umfundi ukwazi ukubhalela nokwethulela izinhloso nezethameli eziningi ezahlukahlukene esebenzisa izimiso zolimi nezakhiwo ezifanele, ezimweni ezahlukene. Ukubhala kuyisikhali esinamandla sokuxhumana esivumela abafundi ukuba bakhe baveze imicabango nemibono ngokubumbeneyo. Ukuzejwayeza ukubhala njalo, ngazo zonke izinhlobo zezimo, imisebenzi nemikhakha yezifundo kwenza abafundi baxhumane ngenhloso nangobuchule. Inhloso wukuveza ababhali abanekhono, abanengxubevange yolwazi abazokwazi ukusebenzisa amakhono abo okuthuthukisa amathekisthi alotshiwe afanele, abukelwayo nasebenzisa izindlela eziningi zokuxhumana ngokwezinhloso ezinhlobonhlobo.
UmPhumela wokuFunda 4: Uhlelo nokusetshenziswa kolimi Umfundi ukwazi ukusebenzisa izakhi nezimiso zolimi ngendlela efanele nangempumelelo. Ngokusebenza nezimo eziyingxubevange zamathekisthi, abafundi bakhulisa amakhono abo okusebenzisa ulimi nokusebenzisa ukuqonda kwabo izakhi zolimi ngendlela eyamukelekile. Baba nekhono lokuhlolisisa ukuthi amagugu nobudlelwane bamandla kuzimelele kanjani olimini nokuthi ulimi lungaba namthelela muni kwabanye.
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IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
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IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
ISAHLUKO 3 IMIPHUMELA YOKUFUNDA, AMAZINGA OKUHLOLA, OKUQUKETHWE NEZIMO
IBanga 10
UmPhumela wokuFunda 1
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AmaZinga okuHlola
Sikwazi lokhu uma umfundi ekwazi uku:
Ukulalela nokukhuluma Umfundi ukwazi ukulalela nokukhuluma kuhambisane nezinhloso, izethameli nezimo ezahlukahlukene.
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■ khombisa ulwazi lwezinhlobo ezahlukene zokuxhumana ngomlomo ukufeza izinhloso zokuxhumana nabanye abantu: • funda abuye abelane ngemibono, ekhombisa ukuqonda amagama aqukethe imicabango, ephawula ngokwake kwenzeka, avikele umbono wakhe akwazi ukwethula impendulo engalungiselelwe, axoxe indaba; • qala abuye aqhube ingxoxo ngokuthuthukisa izimiso ezifanele zokunikezelana amathuba, ukugcwalisa izikhala nokugqugquzela lapho kudingeka khona; • nikeza abuye alandele izinkombandlela nemiyalezo ngokunembayo; • bamba iqhaza ezingxoxweni zeqembu ngokuveza imicabango nemibono yakhe nokulalela nokuhlonipha leyo ebekwa abanye, lapho exoxisana ngezindaba ezinhlobonhlobo njengokudidiyela nobudlelwane bamandla, ezemvelo, izindlela zokuziphatha kwabantu, usikompilo nezenhlalo namalungelo esintu;
IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
IBanga 11
IBanga 12
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AmaZinga okuHlola
AmaZinga okuHlola
Sikwazi lokhu uma umfundi ekwazi uku:
Sikwazi lokhu uma umfundi ekwazi uku:
■ khombisa ulwazi lwezinhlobo ezahlukene zokuxhumana ngomlomo ukufeza izinhloso zokuxhumana nabanye abantu: • funda abuye abelane ngemibono, ekhombisa ukuqonda amagama aqukethe imicabango, ephawula ngalokho ake ahlangabezana nako, avikele umbono wakhe, akwazi ukwethula impendulo engalungiselelwe, exoxa indaba; • qala abuye aqhube ingxoxo ngokukhombisa izimiso ezifanele zokunikezelana amathuba, ukugcwalisa izikhala nokugqugquzela lapho kudingeka khona; • nikeza abuye alandele izinkombandlela nemiyaleza ngokunembayo; • sebenzisana nabanye ezingxoxweni zeqembu ngokuveza imicabango nemibono yakhe nokulalela nokuhlonipha leyo ebekwa eyabanye, lapho exoxisana ngezindaba ezinhlobonhlobo njengokudidiyela nobudlelwane bamandla, ezemvelo, izindlela zokuziphathwa kwabantu, usikompilo nezenhlalo namalungelo esintu;
■ khombisa ulwazi lwezinhlobo ezahlukene zokuxhumana ngomlomo ukufeza izinhloso zokuxhumana nomphakathi: • funda abuye abelane ngemibono, ekhombisa ukuqonda amagama aqukethe imicabango, ephawula ngalokho ake ahlangabezana nako, avikele umbono wakhe, akwazi ukwethula impendulo engalungiselelwe, axoxe indaba; • qala abuye aqhube ingxoxo ngokukhombisa izimiso ezifanele zokunikezelana amathuba, ukugcwalisa izikhala, nokugqugquzela lapho kudingeka khona; • nikeza abuye alandele izinkombandlela nemiyalezo ngokunembayo; • sebenzisana nabanye ngempumelelo ezingxoxweni zeqembu ngokuveza imicabango nemibono yakhe nokulalela nokuhlonipha leyo ebanye, lapho exoxisana ngezindaba ezinhlobonhlobo njengokudidiyela nobudlelwane bamandla, ezemvelo, izindlela zokuziphathwa kwabantu, usikompilo nezenhlalo namalungelo esintu;
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IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
IBanga 10
UmPhumela wokuFunda 1 Uyaqhutshwa
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AmaZinga okuHlola
Sikwazi lokhu uma umfundi ekwazi uku/ukwe/ukwa:
Ukulalela nokukhuluma •
bamba iqhaza ezingxoxweni, ezinkulumeni mpikiswano nasemihlanganweni ebekelwe imigomo elandela izinqubo ezamukelekile;
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thula isikhulumi ngokufanele aphinde anikeze amazwi okubonga;
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nza izingxoxo eziqondile zokuxoxisana nomuntu ngokubuza imibuzo aphinde ethule nombiko wophenyo lapho kudingeka khona.
Umfundi ukwazi ukulalela nokukhuluma kuhambisane nezinhloso, izethameli nezimo ezahlukahlukene.
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IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
IBanga 11
IBanga 12
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AmaZinga okuHlola
Sikwazi lokhu uma umfundi ekwazi uku/ukwe/ukwa: •
• •
bamba iqhaza ezingxoxweni zesigungu, ezinkulumeni mpikiswano nasemihlanganweni ebekelwe imigomo, elandela izinqubo ezamukelekile; thula isikhulumi ngokufanele aphinde anikeze amazwi okubonga; sebenzisa amakhono okuxoxisana nomuntu ngokubuza imibuzo aphinde ethule nombiko wophenyo lapho kudingeka khona.
AmaZinga okuHlola
Sikwazi lokhu uma umfundi ekwazi uku/ukwe/ukwa: •
• •
bamba iqhaza ezingxoxweni zesigungu, ezinkulumeni mpikiswano nasemihlanganweni ebekelwe imigomo, elandela izinqubo ezamukelekile; thula isikhulumi ngokufanele aphinde anikeze amazwi okubonga; sebenzisa amakhono okuxoxisana nomuntu ngokubuza imibuzo aphinde ethule nombiko wophenyo lapho kudingeka khona.
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IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
IBanga 10
UmPhumela wokuFunda 1 Uyaqhutshwa
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AmaZinga okuHlola
Sikwazi lokhu uma umfundi ekwazi uku:
Ukulalela nokukhuluma Umfundi ukwazi ukulalela nokukhuluma kuhambisane nezinhloso, izethameli nezimo ezahlukahlukene.
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■ khombisa amakhono okuhlela nokucwaninga okuzokwethulwa ngomlomo: • cwaninga ngesihloko ngokuhlwaya emithombolwazini eyahlukene enikeziwe nefanele; • hlela ulwazi ngokuhambisana ngokukhetha imibono nemininingwane noma izibonelo ukuze asekele; • bona abuye akhethe izakhiwo, ulwazimagama, izakhi zolimi nezimiso; •
lungiselela izingeniso neziphetho ezanele;
•
sebenzisa izinsiza ezifanele ezibonwayo, ezilalelwayo nezilalelwa zibukelwe njengamashadi, amaphosta izithombe, amasilayidi, imifanekiso, umculo, umsindo nezinto zokuxhumana ezisebenzisa ugesi.
IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
IBanga 11
IBanga 12
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AmaZinga okuHlola
AmaZinga okuHlola
Sikwazi lokhu uma umfundi ekwazi uku:
Sikwazi lokhu uma umfundi ekwazi uku:
■ khombisa amakhono okuhlela nokucwaninga okuzokwethulwa ngomlomo: • cwaninga ngesihloko ngokuhlwaya emithombolwazini eyahlukene; • hlela ulwazi ngokuhambisana ngokukhetha imibono nemininingwane noma izibonelo ezimqoka ezifanele nezinembayo ukuze asekele; • bona abuye akhethe izakhiwo, ulwazimagama, izakhi, zolimi nezimiso ezifanele; • lungiselela izingeniso neziphetho ezanele;
■ khombisa amakhono okuhlela nokucwaninga okuzokwethulwa ngomlomo : • cwaninga ngesihloko ngokuhlwaya emithombolwazini eyahlukene; • hlela ulwazi ngokuhambisana ngokukhetha imibono nemininingwane noma izibonelo ezimqoka ezifanele nezinembayo ukuze asekele; • bona abuye akhethe izakhiwo ulwazimagama, izakhi zolimi nezimiso ezifanele; • lungiselela izingeniso neziphetho eziyimpumelelo; • sebenzisa izinsiza ezifanele ezibonwayo, ezilalelwayo nezilalelwa zibukelwe njengamashadi, amaphosta, izithombe, amasilayidi, imifanekiso, umculo, umsindo nezinto zokuxhumana ezisebenzisa ugesi.
•
sebenzisa izinsiza ezifanele ezibonwayo, ezilalelwayo nezilalelwa zibukelwe njengamashadi, amaphosta, izithombe, amasilayidi, imifanekiso, umculo, umsindo nezinto zokuxhumana ezisebenzisa ugesi.
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IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
IBanga 10
UmPhumela wokuFunda 1 Uyaqhutshwa
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AmaZinga okuHlola
Sikwazi lokhu uma umfundi ekwazi uku:
Ukulalela nokukhuluma Umfundi ukwazi ukulalela nokukhuluma kuhambisane nezinhloso, izethameli nezimo ezahlukahlukene.
■ khombisa amakhono okulalela nokwethula okwethulwa ngomlomo ngendlela eshelelayo nebonisa imizwa: • sebenzisa amasu obuciko bokukhuluma ajwayelekile njengemibuzombumbulu, ukuhlaba ikhefu, ukuphindaphinda; •
sebenzisa abuye ananele ngokufanele ephinjeni, ukuqina kwezwi, ukushesha nokunensa nokubuka amehlo ezethameli nokumiswa komzimba nezitho zokukhuluma;
•
phimisa amagama ngaphandle kokuguqula umqondo; khombisa ukuqonda amathekisthi ethulwa ngomlomo ngokuloba imicabango esemqoka kanye/noma imicabango esekelayo ngokubhala amanothi, izinhla zokubheka okukhona nokungekho, ukufingqa, ukulanda ngawakhe amazwi kanye/noma ukuphinda alande; lalela ngokuhlolisisa abuye ananele ngemibuzo ukuze athole ukucaciseleka.
•
•
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IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
IBanga 11
IBanga 12
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AmaZinga okuHlola
AmaZinga okuHlola
Sikwazi lokhu uma umfundi ekwazi uku:
Sikwazi lokhu uma umfundi ekwazi uku:
■ khombisa amakhono okulalela nokwethula okwethulwa ngomlomo ngendlela eshelelayo nebonisa imizwa: • sebenzisa amasu obuciko bokukhuluma ajwayelekile njengemibuzombumbulu, ukuhlaba ikhefu, ukuphindaphinda;
■ khombisa amakhono okulalela nokwethula okwethulwa ngomlomo ngendlela eshelelayo nebonisa imizwa: • sebenzisa abuye ahlolisise amasu obuciko bokukhuluma ajwayelekile njengemibuzombumbulu, ukuhlaba ikhefu, ukuphindaphinda; • sebenzisa abuye ananele ngempumelelo ephinjeni, ukuqina kwezwi, ukushesha nokunensa nokubuka amehlo ezethameli nokumiswa komzimba nezitho zokukhuluma; • phimisa amagama ngaphandle kokuguqula umqondo; • khombisa ukuqonda amathekisthi ethulwa ngomlomo ngokuloba imicabango esemqoka kanye/noma imicabango esekelayo ngokubhala amanothi, izinhla zokubheka okukhona nokungekho, ukufingqa, ukulanda ngawakhe amazwi kanye/noma ukuphinda alande kanye nokuchaza; • lalela ngokuhlalisisa abuye ananele ngemibuzo ukuze athole ukucaciseleka.
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• •
•
sebenzisa abuye ananele ngokufanele ephinjeni, ukuqina kwezwi, ukushesha nokunensa nokubuka amehlo ezethameli nokumiswa komzimba nezitho zokukhuluma; phimisa amagama ngaphandle kokuguqula umqondo; khombisa ukuqonda amathekisthi ethulwa ngomlomo ngokuloba imicabango esemqoka kanye/noma imicabango esekelayo ngokubhala amanothi, izinhla zokubheka okukhona nokungekho, ukufingqa, ukulanda ngawakhe amazwi kanye/noma ukuphinda alande kanye nokuchaza; lalela ngokuhlolisisa abuye ananele ngemibuzo ukuze athole ukucaciseleka.
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IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
IBanga 10
UmPhumela wokuFunda 1 Uyaqhutshwa
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AmaZinga okuHlola
Sikwazi lokhu uma umfundi ekwazi uku/ukwe/ukwa:
Ukulalela nokukhuluma Umfundi ukwazi ukulalela nokukhuluma kuhambisane nezinhloso, izethameli nezimo ezahlukahlukene.
■ khombisa ukuqaphela ngokuhlolisisa indlela ulimi olusebenza ngayo lapho kukhulunywa: • sebenzisa isitayela neregista ezifanele inhloso, izethameli nesimo; •
• •
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kha okucatshangelwayo nezinqumo abuye asekele;
•
hlola ukuthi umqondo ungahlanekezeka kanjani ngokwengeza noma ukushiya ulwazi ngamabomu; bona imiphumela yokusebenzisa izinhlobo zolimi njengolimi lobuchwepheshe, nejagoni;
•
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bona achaze izinhlobo ezahlukene zokusebenzisa ulimi ngokuqonda okuthuthukayo nokuzincoma; bona abuye asebenzise amanye amasu okuncenga ezimweni ezijwayelekile; hlukanisa phakathi kwamaqiniso nemibono;
•
bona ubudlelwane obukhona phakathi kolimi namasiko naphakathi kolimi namandla;
•
bona aphinde aphonse inselelo olimini olusobala oluvusa imizwa nolukhohlisayo, oluchemayo, oluthatha izinqumo ngaphambi kokuthola amaqiniso nolunenkolelo engaguquki njengasenkulumozeni (iphurophaganda) nasezikhangisini.
IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
IBanga 11
IBanga 12
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AmaZinga okuHlola
AmaZinga okuHlola
Sikwazi lokhu uma umfundi ekwazi uku/ukwe/ukwa:
Sikwazi lokhu uma umfundi ekwazi uku/ukwe/ukwa:
■ khombisa ukuqaphela ngokuhlolisisa indlela ulimi olusebenza ngayo lapho kukhulunywa: • sebenzisa izitayela neregista okufanele inhloso, izethameli nesimo;
■ khombisa ukuqaphela ngokuhlolisisa indlela ulimi olusebenza ngayo lapho kukhulunywa: • sebenzisa abuye ahlolisise izitayela neregista okufanele inhloso, izethameli nesimo;
•
bona, aqonde aphinde ancome izindlela ezahlukene zokusebenzisa ulimi;
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bona, aqonde aphinde ancome izindlela ezahlukene zokusebenzisa ulimi;
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bona abuye asebenzise amasu ahlukene okuncenga; hlukanisa phakathi kwamaqiniso nemibono abuye anikeze ubufakazi;
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•
kha ukuqonda okucatshangelwayo nezinqumo abuye asekele ngobufakazi;
•
•
chaza ukuthi umqondo ungahlanekezeka kanjani ngokwengeza noma ukushiya ulwazi ngamabomu; bona imiphumela yokusetshenziswa kwezinhlobo zolimi njengolimi lobuchwepheshe, nejagoni;
•
bona abuye asebenzise amasu ahlukene okuncenga; hlukanisa phakathi kwamaqiniso nemibono abuye anikeze ubufakazi ngisho noma kugudliselwa; kha ukuqonda okucatshangelwayo nezinqumo abuye asekele ngobufakazi obukholisayo; chaza ukuthi umqondo ungahlanekezeka kanjani ngokwengeza noma ukushiya ulwazi ngamabomu; bona abuye ahlolisise imiphumela yokusetshenziswa kwezinhlobo zolimi njengolimi lobuchwepheshe, nejagoni;
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bona ubudlelwane obukhona phakathi kolimi namasiko naphakathi kolimi namandla;
•
•
bona aphinde aphonse inselelo olimini oluvusa imizwa nolukhohlisayo, oluchemayo, oluthatha izinqumo ngaphambi kokuthola amaqiniso nolunenkolelo engaguquki njengasenkulumozeni (iphurophaganda) nasezikhangisini.
•
•
•
•
•
chaza ubudlelwane obukhona phakathi kolimi namasiko naphakathi kolimi namandla; bona aphinde aphonse inselelo olimini oluvusa imizwa nolukhohlisayo, oluchemayo, oluthatha izinqumo ngaphambi kokuthola amaqiniso nolunenkolelo engaguquki njengasenkulumozeni (phurophaganda) nasezikhangisini.
25
IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
IBanga 10
UmPhumela wokuFunda 2
Z
AmaZinga okuHlola
Sikwazi lokhu uma umfundi ekwazi uku:
Ukufunda nokubukela Umfundi ukwazi ukufunda nokubukela ukuze aqonde aphinde acubungule ngokuhlolisisa aphendule ngezinhlobo zamathekisthi eziningi.
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■ khombisa amasu anhlobonhlobo okufunda nokubukela ukuze akuqondisise aphinde akuncome: • buza imibuzo ukuveza ukubikezela okusobala; • funda ngokushesha amathekisthi ehlunga ukuze aveze umqondo osemqoka ngokufunda izihloko, izingeniso, imisho eyisingeniso yezigaba; • funda ngokushesha amathekisthi ekha phezulu ukuze athole imininingwane ebalulekile yokusekela; • funda ngokushelelayo nangokucophelela ngokwenhloso nangokomsebenzi awunikeziwe; • fingqa imiqondo esemqoka nesekelayo ngamaphuzu nangemisho; •
cabangela incazelo yamagama angajwayelekile noma imifanekiso ezimweni ezikhethiwe ngokusebenzisa ulwazi lohlelo lolimi, amakhono okuhlela ukufunda nokuphinyiswa kwamalunga amagama ngenkathi efunda, izinkomba zesimo, umsindo, umbala, isakhiwo, ukubekeka nokusebenzisa imizwa;
•
phinda afundisise, ebukisisa aphinde abuyekeze ukuthuthukisa ukuqonda.
IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
IBanga 11
IBanga 12
Z
Z
AmaZinga okuHlola
AmaZinga okuHlola
Sikwazi lokhu uma umfundi ekwazi uku:
Sikwazi lokhu uma umfundi ekwazi uku:
■ khombisa amasu anhlobonhlobo okufunda nokubukela ukuze akuqondisise aphinde akuncome: • buza imibuzo ukwenza ukubikezela;
■ khombisa amasu anhlobonhlobo okufunda nokubukela ukuze akuqondisise aphinde akuncome: • buza imibuzo ukwenza ukubikezela;
•
•
•
•
•
•
funda ngokushesha amathekisthi ehlunga ukuze aveze umqondo osemqoka ngokufunda izihloko, izingeniso, izigaba zokuqala nemisho eyisingeniso yezigaba; funda ngokushesha amathekisthi ekha phezulu ukuze athole imininingwane yokusekela; funda ngokushelelayo nangokucophelela ngokwenhloso nangokomsebenzi awunikeziwe; fingqa imiqondo esemqoka nesekelayo ngamaphuzu, ngemisho kanye / noma ngezigaba; cabangela incazelo yamagama angajwayelekile noma imifanekiso esezimweni ezijwayelekile ngokusebenzisa ulwazi lohlelo lolimi, amakhono okuhlela ukufunda nokuphinyiswa kwamalunga amagama ngenkathi efunda, izinkomba zesimo, umsindo, umbala, isakhiwo, ukubekeka kanye nokusebenzisa imizwa; phinda afundisise, abukisise aphinde abuyekeze ukuthuthukisa ukuqonda.
•
•
•
•
•
•
funda ngokushesha amatheksthi ehlunga ukuze aveze umqondo osemqoka ngokufunda izihloko, izingeniso, izigaba zokuqala nemisho eyisingeniso yezigaba; funda ngokushesha amathekisthi ekha ngaphezulu ukuze athole imininingwane yokusekela; funda ngokushelelayo nangokucophelela ngokwenhloso nangokomsebenzi awunikeziwe; fingqa imiqondo esemqoka nesekelayo ngamaphuzu, ngemisho nangezigaba; nikeza incazelo yamagama angajwayelekile noma imifanekiso esezimweni ezingajwayelekile ngokusebenzisa ulwazi lohlelo lolimi, amakhono okuhlela ukufunda nokuphinyiswa amalunga amagama ngenkathi efunda, izinkomba zesimo, umsindo, umbala, isakhiwo, ukubekeka kanye nokusebenzisa imizwa; phinda afundisise, abukisise aphinde abuyekeze ukuthuthukisa ukuqonda.
27
IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
IBanga 10
UmPhumela wokuFunda 2 (Uyaqhutshwa)
Z
AmaZinga okuHlola
Sikwazi lokhu uma umfundi ekwazi uku:
Ukufunda nokubukela Umfundi ukwazi ukufunda nokubukela ukuze aqonde aphinde acubungule ngokuhlolisisa aphendule ngezinhlobo zamathekisthi eziningi.
■ chaza izincazelo zezinhlobo eziningi zamathekisthi alotshiwe, abonwayo, alalelwayo nalalelwa abukelwe: • thola ulwazi nemininingwane emathekisthini; • bona ukuthi okukhethiwe nokususiwe kuyilolonga kanjani incazelo emathekisthini; • • •
• •
• • •
28
veza umahluko phakathi kweqiniso nombono, bese enikeza eyakhe impendulo; bona umahluko phakathi kwencazelo eqondile negudliselayo; bona umbono wombhali/womlandi/ womlingiswa anikeze ubufakazi bokusekela namaphuzu, obususelwa ematheksthini; bona imvelaphi yamatheksthi ephathelene nezenhlalo nezembusazwe nezamasiko; bona achaze ngomphumela wolimi olunezifenqo nolimi olunobuciko bokukhuluma namasu asetshenziswa emathekisthini njengesifaniso, iseqamagama, isenamisi, anakronizimu, isingathekiso, uphawu, uteku, isifenyiso, okzimoroni, ihaba, ukuqhathanisa, ukwenzasamuntu, ukwenzasisilwane, ukubhinqa ukubhuqa, isathaya, ubuqili, ukuphikisa, ukuqhathanisa okusobala, ukuhlanekezela, uvuthondaba, indida, ipholavuthondaba nelithothisi;
chaza ngezinqumo zombhali abuye aziqhathanise nezakhe; humusha imidwebo ejwayelekile ematheksthini; nikeza asekele izimpendulo zakhe ngakufundile emathekisthini.
IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
IBanga 11
IBanga 12
Z
Z
AmaZinga okuHlola
AmaZinga okuHlola
Sikwazi lokhu uma umfundi ekwazi uku:
Sikwazi lokhu uma umfundi ekwazi uku:
■ chaza izincazelo zezinhlobo eziningi zamathekisthi alotshiwe, abonwayo, alalelwayo nalalelwa abukelwe: • thola ulwazi nemininingwane emathekisthini; • bona ukuthi okukhethiwe nokususiwe emathekisthini kungayilolonga kanjani incazelo; • veza umahluko phakathi kweqiniso nombono, bese esekela impendulo yakhe; • bona umahluko phakathi kwencazelo eqondile negudliselayo; • chaza umbono wombhali/womlandi/ womlingiswa anikeze ubufakazi bokusekela amaphuzu nobususelwe ematheksthini; • bona imvelaphi yamatheksthi ephathelene nezenhlalo nezombusazwe nezamasiko; • bona achaze ngomphumela wolimi olunezifenqo nolimi olunobuciko bokukhuluma nomasu asetshenziswa ematheksthini njengesifaniso, iseqamagama, isenamisi, anakronizimu, isingathekiso, uphawu, uteku, isifenyiso, okzimoroni ihaba, ukuqhathanisa, ukwenzasamuntu ukwenzasisilwane, ukubhinqa, ukubhuqa, ubuqili, isathaya, ukuqhathanisa okusobala, ukuphikisa, ukuhlanekezela, uvuthondaba, indida, ipholavuthondaba nelithothisi nokuthi ziyilolonga kanjani incazelo yamatheksthi; • chaza ngezinqumo zombhali aziqhathanise nezakhe; • humusha aphinde ahlolisise imidwebo eyahlukene emathekisthini; • nikeza izimpendulo zakhe ngamathekisthi abuye azisekele.
■ chaza izincazelo zezinhlobo zamathekisthi alotshiwe, abonwayo, alalelwayo nalalelwa abukelwe: • thola ulwazi nemininingwane efanele emathekisthini; • bona ukuthi okukhethiwe nokususiwe emathekisthini kungayilolonga kanjani incazelo; • veza umahluko phakathi kweqiniso nombono, bese esekela impendulo yakhe; • chaza umahluko phakathi kwencazelo eqondile negudliselayo; • chaza umbono wombhali/womlandi/ womlingiswa anikeze ubufakazi bokusekela amaphuzu nobususelwe ethekisthini; • bona imvelaphi yamatheksthi ephathelene nezenhlalo nezombusazwe nezamasiko; • bona achaze ngomphumela wolimi olunezifenqo nolimi olunobuciko bokukhuluma namasu asetshenziswa ematheksthini njengesifaniso, iseqamagama, isenamisi, anakronizimu, isingathekiso, uphawu, uteku, isifenyiso, okzimoroni ihaba, ukuqhathanisa, ukwenzasamuntu ukwenzasisilwane, ukubhinqa, ukubhuqa, isathaya, ubuqili ukuphikisa ukuqhathanisa okusobala, ukuhlanekezela uvuthondada, indida ipholavuthondaba nelithothisi nokuthi ziyilolonga kanjani incazelo yamathekisthi; • • •
chaza okucatshangelwa ngumbhali nezinqumo zombhali aziqhathanise nezakhe; humusha aphinde ahlolisise imidwebo eminingi eyahlukene emathekisthini; nikeza izimpendulo zakhe ngamathekisthi abuye azisekele ngendlela ekholisayo.
29
IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
IBanga 10
UmPhumela wokuFunda 2 (Uyaqhutshwa)
Z
AmaZinga okuHlola
Sikwazi lokhu uma umfundi ekwazi uku:
Ukufunda nokubukela Umfundi ukwazi ukufunda nokubukela ukuze aqonde aphinde acubungule ngokuhlolisisa aphendule ngezinhlobo zamathekisthi eziningi.
30
■ bona ukuthi ulimi nemifanekiso lungabuyisa lulolonge kanjani amagugu nesimo sokubheka izinto emathekisthini: • bona amagugu osikomphilo namagugu ezombusazwe, indlela yokubheka/yokuthatha izinto, nezinkolelo njengesimo esiphathelene nezindaba ezithinta ubulili, amazinga okuhlupheka nobuzwili ubudala, ubudlelwane bamabandla, ezempilo, amalungelo esintu, nezemwelo ematheksthini; • bona isimo sokuchema, ukuthatha izinqumo ngaphambi kokuthola amaqiniso nokubandlulula.
IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
IBanga 11
IBanga 12
Z
Z
AmaZinga okuHlola
AmaZinga okuHlola
Sikwazi lokhu uma umfundi ekwazi uku:
Sikwazi lokhu uma umfundi ekwazi uku:
■ bona ukuthi ulimi nemifanekiso lungabuyisa lulolonge kanjani amagugu nesimo sokubheka izinto emathekisthini: • bona amagugu osikompilo namagugu ezombusazwe, indlela yokubheka izinto, nezinkolelo njengesimo esiphathelene nezindaba ezithinta ubulili, amazinga okuhlupheka nobugwili, ubudala, ubudlelwane bamandla, amalungelo esintu, ukudidiyela, nezemvelo; • bona abuye achaze isimo sokuchema, ukuthatha isinqumo ngaphambi kokuthola amaqiniso nokubandlulula.
■ hlola ukuthi ulimi lungabuyisa lulolonge kanjani amagugu nesimo sokubheka izinto emathekisthini: • chaza amagugu osikompilo namagugu ezombusazwe indlela yokubheka izinto, nezinkolelo njengesimo esiphathelene nezindaba ezithinta ubulili, amazinga okuhlupheka nobugwili, ubudala, ubudlelwane bamandla, amalungelo esintu, ukudidiyela, nezemvelo; • bona abuye achaze isimo sokuchema, ukuthatha isinqumo ngaphambi kokuthola amaqiniso nokubandlulula.
31
IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
IBanga 10
UmPhumela wokuFunda 2 (Uyaqhutshwa)
Z
AmaZinga okuHlola
Sikwazi lokhu uma umfundi ekwazi uku:
Ukufunda nokubukela Umfundi ukwazi ukufunda nokubukela ukuze aqonde aphinde acubungule ngokuhlolisisa aphendule ngezinhlobo zamathekisthi eziningi.
■ hlola abuye achaze izimpawu ezigqamileyo zeziqephu nokuthi ziholela kanjani kokuchazwayo (lezi zakhiwo azingafundiswa ngokuhlukaniswa namathekisthi): *
amathekisthi adlulisa imilayezo nawokuqanjwa: • bona achaze inhloso, isakhiwo nokusetshenziswa kolimi emathekisthini kulo lonke uhlelo lokufunda njengemibiko, izinqubo, ukuphinda ulande okufundiwe, ukunikeza izincazelo, ukufanekisa nokuchachisa; •
*
bona achaze ngokwelekelelwa amandla obuciko bokubhala njengokusebenzisa izinhlobo zefonti nobungako bamagama, izihloko nezihlokwana.
amathekisthi awumbhalo: inoveli, indaba emfushane, ubuciko bomlomo/izinganekwane, ama-eseyi amafushane: • chaza ngokuthuthukiswa kwesakihiwo, isakhiwana, udweshu, umlingiswa, nomsebenzi womlandi lapho kudingeka khona; • bona achaze imiyalezo nezindikimba, ezibhekise eziqeshini ezikhethiwe kuthekisthi yonke; • chaza ulwazi lwangaphambili nesizinda ukuthi kunabudlelwane buni nomlingiswa kanye/noma nendikimba; • chaza isimo, inkathi yezehlakalo nesiphetho.
32
IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
IBanga 11
IBanga 12
Z
Z
AmaZinga okuHlola
AmaZinga okuHlola
Sikwazi lokhu uma umfundi ekwazi uku:
Sikwazi lokhu uma umfundi ekwazi uku:
■ hlola abuye achaze izimpawu ezigqamileyo zamatheksthi nokuthi ziholela kanjani kokuchazwayo (lezi zakhiwo azingafundiswa ngokuhlukaniswa namatheksthi):
■ hlola abuye achaze izimpawu ezigqamileyo zamatheksthi nokuthi ziholela kanjani kokuchazwayo (lezi zakhiwo azingafundiswa ngokuhlukaniswa namatheksthi):
*
amathekisthi adlulisa imilayezo nawokuqanjwa: • bona achaze inhloso, isakhiwo nokusetshenziswa kolimi emathekisthini kulo lonke uhlelo lokufunda njengemibiko, izinqubo, ukuphinda ulande okufundiwe, ukunikeza izincazelo, ukufanekisa nokuchachisa; •
*
*
bona achaze amandla obuciko bokubhala njengokusebenzisa izinhlobo zefonti nobungako bamagama, izihloko nezihlokwana.
imibhalo
amatheksthi adlulisa imilayezo nawokuqanjwa: • bona achaze inhloso, isakhiwo nokusetshenziswa kolimi emathekisthini kulo lonke uhlelo lokufunda njengemibiko, izinqubo, ukuphinda ulande okufundiwe, ukunikeza izincazelo, ukufanekisa nokuchachisa; •
*
bona achaze amandla obuciko bokubhala njengokusebenzisa izinhlobo zefonti nobungako bamagama, izihloko nezihlokwana.
imibhalo
inoveli, ubuciko bomlomo/izinganekwane, indaba emfushane, ama-eseyi amafushane: • chaza ngokuthuthukiswa kwesakhiwo, isakhiwana, udweshu, umlingiswa nomsebenzi womlandi lapho kudingeka khona;
inoveli, ubuciko bomlomo/izinganekwane, indaba emfushane, ama-eseyi amafushane: • chaza ahumushe ngokuthuthukiswa kwesakhiwo, isakhiwana, udweshu, umlingiswa nomsebenzi womlandi lapho kudingeka khona;
•
•
•
•
bona achaze imiyalezo nezindikimba ezibhekise eziqeshini ezikhethwe kuthekisthi yonke; chaza ulwazi lwangaphambili nesizinda ukuthi kunabudlelwane buni nomlingiswa kanye/noma nedikimba; chaza isimo, uhidehide lwezehlakalo, ingwijikhwebu neziphetho.
•
•
chaza ahumushe imiyalezo nezindikimba ezibhekise eziqeshini ezikhethwe kuthekisthi yonke; humusha ulwazi lwangaphambili nesizinda ukuthi kunabudlelwane buni nomlingiswa kanye/noma nendikimba; humusha isimo, uhidehide lwezehlakalo, ingwijikhwebu neziphetho.
33
IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
IBanga 10
UmPhumela wokuFunda 2 (Uyaqhutshwa)
Z
AmaZinga okuHlola
Sikwazi lokhu uma umfundi ekwazi uku: inkondlo (kufakwa nezibongo) • bona ukuthi ukukhethwa kwamagama, imifanekiso mqondo, izifenqo namasu okusebenzisa umsindo kusilolonga kanjani isimo, umqondo nendikimba; • bona ukuthi izakhiwo zemugqa, zestanza, isigqi amanye amasu okuphindaphinda, izimpawu zokukhanyisa nezamakhefu kuwulolonga kanjani umqondo.
Ukufunda nokubukela Umfundi ukwazi ukufunda nokubukela ukuze aqonde aphinde acubungule ngokuhlolisisa aphendule ngezinhlobo zamathekisthi eziningi.
umdlalo nokufundwa kwefilimu: • bona ukuthi inkulumo mpendulwano nesenzeko kudlelana kanjani nomlingiswa kanye nendikimba; • chaza isakhiwo, isakhiwana, ukuvezwa kwabalingiswa, udweshu nenhloso yomdlalo;
•
*
34
bona ukusetshenziswa kwesakhiwo somdlalo neziyalo zokwenziwa komdlalo wesiteji.
amathekisthi abonwayo, alalelwayo, nasebenzisa izindlela eziningi zokuxhumana: ukufundwa kevifilimu umdlalo kamabonakude kanye nomdlalo osakazwayo: • bona achaze umyalezo nendikimba; • bona ukusetshenziswa kwamasu okubonwayo, okulalelwayo nokulalelwa kubukelwe njengamasu anjengokusetshenziswa izihlokwana, kombala, inkulumo mpendulwano, umculo, umsindo, ukukhanya, ukuhlela, uhlaka, indlela yokuthwebula, ukwakheka nokubukeka amasu okusetshenziswa kwezithwebuli, ukuhlelwa ngaphambili nangemuva.
IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
IBanga 11
IBanga 12
Z
Z
AmaZinga okuHlola
Sikwazi lokhu uma umfundi ekwazi uku:
Sikwazi lokhu uma umfundi ekwazi uku:
inkondlo (kufakwa nezibongo) • chaza ukuthi ukukhethwa kwamagama, izifenqo, imifanekiso mqondo, namasu okusebenzisa umsindo kuwulolonga kanjani umqondo; • bona ukuthi izakhiwo zemugqa, zestanza, zesigaba, imvumelwano, isigqi amanye amasu okuphindaphinda, izimpawu zokukhanyisa nezamakhefu ziwulolonga kanjani umqondo.
inkondlo (kufakwa nezibongo) • humusha ukuthi ukukhethwa kwamagama, izifenqo imifanekiso mqondo, namasu okusebenzisa umsindo kuwulolonga kanjani, umqondo; •
umdlalo nokufundwa kwefilimu: • bona achaze ukuthi inkulumo mpendulwano nesenzeko kudlelana kanjani nomlingiswa kanye nendikimba; • chaza isakhiwo, isakhiwana, ukuvezwa kwabalingiswa, udweshu nenhloso yomdlalo nolwazi oluthile izethameli ezinolo ngomlingiswa kodwa yena ebe engenalo; • chaza ukusetshenziswa kwesakhiwo somdlalo neziyalo zokwenziwa komdlalo wesiteji. *
amathekisthi abonwayo, alalelwayo, nasebenzisa izindlela eziningi zokuxhumana: ukufundwa kwefilimu, umabonakude kanye nomdlalo osakazwayo: • bona achaze umyalezo nendikimba; • chaza ukusetshenziswa kwamasu okubonwayo, okulalelwayo nokulalelwa kubukelwe njengokusetshenziswa kombala, izihlokwana, inkulumo mpendulwano, umculo, ukukhanya, ukuhlela, uhlaka, indlela yokuthwebula, amasu okusetshenziswa kwezithwebuli, ukuhlelwa ngaphambili nangemuva.
AmaZinga okuHlola
chaza ukuthi ukuthi izakhiwo zemugqa, zestanza, imvumelwano, isigqi, amanye amasu okuphindaphinda, izimpawu zokukhanyisa nezamakhefu ziwulolonga kanjani umqondo.
umdlalo nokufundwa kwefilimu: • bona chaza ukuthi inkulumo mpendulwano nesenzeko kudlelana kanjani nomlingiswa kanye nendikimba; • chaza abuye ahumushe isakhiwo, isakhiwana, ukuvezwa kwabalingiswa, udweshu nenhloso yomdlalo nolwazi oluthile izethameli ezinolo ngomlingiswa yomdlalo kodwa yena ebe engenalo; • chaza abuye ahumushe ukusetshenziswa kwesakhiwo somdlalo neziyalo zokwenziwa komdlalo wesiteji. *
amathekisthi abonwayo, alalelwayo, nasebenzisa izindlela eziningi zokuxhumana: ukufundwa kwefilimu, umabonakude kanye nomdlalo osakazwayo: • bona ahumushe umyalezo nendikimba; • chaza ukusebetshenziswa kwamasu okubonwayo, okulalelwayo nokulalelwa kubukelwe njengokusetshenziswa kombala, izihlokwana, inkulumo mpendulwano, umculo, ukukhanya, ukuhlela, uhlaka, indlela yokuthwebula, ukwakheka nokubukeka amasu okusetshenziswa kwezithwebuli, ukuhlelwa ngaphambili nangemuva.
35
IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
IBanga 10
UmPhumela wokuFunda 3
Z
AmaZinga okuHlola
Sikwazi lokhu uma umfundi ekwazi uku:
Ukubhala nokwethula Umfundi ukwazi ukubhalela nokwethulela izinhloso nezethameli eziningi ezahlukahlukene esebenzisa izimiso zolimi nezakhiwo ezifanele ezimweni ezahlukene.
36
■ khombisa amakhono okuhlela ekubhaleni ukufeza inhloso eqondiwe, izethameli nesimo: • chaza izidingo zohlu olwehlukene lwemisebenzi; • bona izethameli eziqondiwe nenhloso ethize njengokulanda, ukujabulisa, ukuncenga, indlela okubonwa ngayo izinto, ukuchaza, ukwazisa, ukufanekisa, nokukhohlisa; • bona achaze izinhlobo zamathekisthi okumele abhalwe njengawomcabango, anikeza ulwazi, aqanjiwe, adlulisa umyalezo kanye nasebenzisa izinhlobo eziningi zokuxhumana eziwuchungechunge; • thatha isinqumo esifanele mayelana nendlela yokubhala efanele, umbono kanye nesakhiwo samathekisthi; • qoqa ulwazi ngezihloko ezivela emithombolwazini ejwayelekile kanye nakwakutholiwe okubhaliwe; • beka endaweni, athole, ahlunge, ahlele aphinde ahlanganise ulwazi olufanele oluvela emithombolwazini ejwayelekile ngokwelekelelwa; • guqula ulwazi elususa kwesinye isimo eluyisa kwesinye isimo njengokulususa kugrafu eluyisa esigabeni;
IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
IBanga 11
IBanga 12
Z
Z
AmaZinga okuHlola
AmaZinga okuHlola
Sikwazi lokhu uma umfundi ekwazi uku:
Sikwazi lokhu uma umfundi ekwazi uku:
■ khombisa amakhono okuhlela ekubhaleni ukufeza inhloso eqondiwe, izethameli nesimo: • chaza izidingo zohlu olwehlukene lwemisebenzi ejwayelekile; • bona izethameli eziqondiwe nenhloso ethize njengokulanda, ukujabulisa, ukuncenga, indlela okubonwa ngayo izinto, ukuchaza, ukwazisa, ukufanekisa, nokukhohlisa; • bona achaze izinhlobo zamathekisthi okumele abhalwe njengawomcabango, anikeza ulwazi, aqanjiwe, adlulisa imiyalezo nasebenzisa izinhlobo eziningi zokuxhumana eziwuchungechunge; • thatha isinqumo esifanele mayelana nendlela yokubhala efanele, umbono kanye nesakhiwo samathekisthi; • qoqa ulwazi ngokwelekelelwa ngezihloko ezivela emithombolwazini eyahlukene kanye nakwakutholiwe okubhaliwe; • beka endaweni, athole, ahlunge, ahlele aphinde ahlanganise ulwazi olufanele oluvela emithombolwazini ejwayelekile ngokwelekelelwa; • guqula ulwazi elususa kwesinye isimo eluyisa kwesinye isimo njengokulususa kugrafu eluyisa esigabeni;
■ khombisa amakhono okuhlela ekubhaleni ukufeza inhloso eqondiwe, izethameli nesimo: • chaza izidingo zohlu olwehlukene lwemisebenzi; • bona izethameli eziqondiwe nenhloso ethize njengokulanda, ukujabulisa, ukuncenga, indlela okubonwa ngayo izinto, ukuchaza, ukwazisa, ukufanekisa, nokukhohlisa; • bona achaze izinhlobo zamathekisthi okumele abhalwe njengawomcabango, anikeza ulwazi, aqanjiwe, adlulisa imiyalezo nasebenzisa nezindlela izindlela eziningi zokuxhumana eziwuchungechunge; • thatha isinqumo esifanele mayelana nendlela yokubhala efanele, umbono kanye nesakhiwo samathekisthi; • qoqa ulwazi ngokwelekelelwa ngezihloko ezivela emithombolwazini eyahlukene kanye nakwakutholiwe okubhaliwe; • beka endaweni, athole, ahlunge, ahlele aphinde ahlanganise ulwazi olufanele oluvela emithombolwazini ejwayelekile ngokwelekelelwa; • guqula ulwazi elususa kwesinye isimo eluyisa kwesinye isimo njengokulususa kugrafu eluyisa ezigabeni;
37
IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
IBanga 10
UmPhumela wokuFunda 3 (Uyaqhutshwa)
Z
AmaZinga okuHlola
Sikwazi lokhu uma umfundi ekwazi uku:
Ukubhala nokwethula
•
Umfundi ukwazi ukubhalela nokwethulela izinhloso nezethameli eziningi ezahlukahlukene esebenzisa izimiso zolimi nezakhiwo ezifanele ezimweni ezahlukene.
•
38
thuthukisa imiqondo ehambelanayo abuye ayihlele ngokusebenzisa amasu anjengebalazwe lengqondo lokukhumbuza, imidwebo, uhlu lwamagama namafulowushadi; sebenzisa imisuka ebonwayo nedwetshiwe ngokufanele.
IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
IBanga 11
IBanga 12
Z
Z
AmaZinga okuHlola
Sikwazi lokhu uma umfundi ekwazi uku: •
•
thuthukisa imiqondo ehambisanayo abuye ayihlele ngokusebenzisa amasu anjengebalazwe lengqondo lokukhumbuza, imidwebo, uhlu lwamagama asemqoka namafulowushadi; sebenzisa imisuka ebonwayo nedwetshiwe ngokufanele.
AmaZinga okuHlola
Sikwazi lokhu uma umfundi ekwazi uku: •
•
thuthukisa imiqondo ehambisanayo abuye ayihlele ngokusebenzisa amasu anjengebalazwe lengqondo lokukhumbuza, imidwebo, uhlu lwamagama asemqoka, namafulowushadi; sebenzisa imisuka ebonwayo nedwetshiwe ngokufanele.
39
IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
IBanga 10
UmPhumela wokuFunda 3 (Uyaqhutshwa)
Z
AmaZinga okuHlola
Sikwazi lokhu uma umfundi ekwazi uku:
Ukubhala nokwethula Umfundi ukwazi ukubhalela nokwethulela izinhloso nezethameli eziningi ezahlukahlukene esebenzisa izimiso zolimi nezakhiwo ezifanele ezimweni ezahlukene.
40
■ khombisa ubuciko namasu okuloba ekubhaleni izinhlaka zokuqala: • sebenzisa imicabango esemqoka nesekelayo ngesikhathi sokuhlela; • linga isakhiwo nesitayela ngenhloso yokuveza ubuchule; • bona abuye asebenzise amasu okuveza izitayela nobuciko obukhethekile bokuveza ulwazi ngendlela ejabulisayo njengokukhetha amagama, ukucacisa, izwi nesitayela sakhe, iphimbo, uphawu, umbala, isakhiwo nomsindo; • sebenzisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zemisho, ubude nezakhiwo zayo ngokufanele; • sebenzisa izimiso zokwakha izigaba ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana kolwazi ngokusebenzisa imisho eyisihloko, isingeniso nesiphetho, ukuqhubekela phambili okubumbene kwezigaba okunomqondo, isisusa nemiphumela, ukuqhathanisa nokuhlukanisa; • sebenzisa izihlanganiso, izivumelwano, izabizwana nezandiso ukuqinisekisa ukuhlangana kwemicabango.
IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
IBanga 11
IBanga 12
Z
Z
AmaZinga okuHlola
AmaZinga okuHlola
Sikwazi lokhu uma umfundi ekwazi uku:
Sikwazi lokhu uma umfundi ekwazi uku:
■ khombisa ubuciko namasu okuloba ekubhaleni izinhlaka zokuqala: • sebenzisa ngempumelelo imicabango emqoka nesekelayo ngesikhathi sokuhlela; • linga isakhiwo nesitayela ukuveza ngenhloso yokuveza ubuchule; • bona abuye asebenzise amasu okuveza izitayela nobuciko obukhethekile bokuveza ulwazi ngendlela ejabulisayo njengokukhetha amagama, ukucacisa, izwi nendlela yokubhala yakhe uqobo, iphimbo, uphawu, umbala, isakhiwo nomsindo; • sebenzisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zemisho, ubude nezakhiwo zayo ngendlela efanele; • sebenzisa izimiso zezigaba ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana kolwazi ngokusebenzisa imisho eyisihloko, isingeniso nesiphetho, ukuqhubekela phambili okubumbene kwezigaba, isisusa nemiphumela, ukuqhathanisa nokuhlukanisa;
■ khombisa ubuciko namasu okuloba ekubhaleni izinhlaka zokuqala; • sebenzisa ngempumelelo imicabango emqoka nesekelayo ngesikhathi sokuhlela; • linga isakhiwo nesitayela ngenhloso yokuveza ubuchule; • bona abuye asebenzise amasu wokuveza izitayela nobuciko obukhethekile bokuveza ulwazi ngendlela ejabulisayo efanele njengokukhetha amagama, ukucacisa, izwi nendlela yokubhala yakhe uqobo, iphimbo, uphawu, umbala, isakhiwo nomsindo; • sebenzisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zemisho, ubude nezakhiwo ngempumelelo; • sebenzisa izimiso zezigaba ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana kolwazi ngokusebenzisa imisho eyisihloko, isingeniso nesiphetho, ukuqhubekela phambili okubumbene kwezigaba, isisusa nemiphumela, ukuqhathanisa nokuhlukanisa;
•
sebenzisa izihlanganiso, izivumelwano, izabizwana nezandiso ukuqinisekisa ukuhlangana kwemicabango.
•
esebenzisa izihlanganiso, izivumelwano, izabizwana nezandiso ukuqinisekisa ukuhlangana kwemicabango.
41
IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
IBanga 10
UmPhumela wokuFunda 3 (Uyaqhutshwa)
Z
AmaZinga okuHlola
Sikwazi lokhu uma umfundi ekwazi uku:
Ukubhala nokwethula Umfundi ukwazi ukubhalela nokwethulela izinhloso nezethameli eziningi ezahlukehlukene esebenzisa izimiso zolimi nezakhiwo ezifanele, ezimweni ezahlukene.
■ khombisa ukuzindla ahlaziye umsebenzi wakhe, eqaphela umbono wabanye aphinde ahlele kahle umsebenzi ethule umkhiqizo wokugcina: • sebenzisa izindlela ezihleliwe zokuhlola umsebenzi obhaliwe wakhe nowabanye ukuze wenziwe kangcono; • thuthukisa ukuhambisana nokuhlangana kwemiqondo nokwesakhiwo sonke; • bhekisisa ukuthi ingabe okuqukethwe, isitayela, iregista nemiphumela kulungele inhloso, izethameli nezimo alungise lapho kudingeka khona; • qinisa umbono/uhlangothi lwakhe neziphakamiso ngokuzethemba okuthuthukayo; •
colisisa ukukhethwa kwamagama nemisho nesakhiwo sezigaba asuse amaphutha asobala nolimi oluhlambalazayo;
•
bonisa uzwela kumalungelo abantu, ukuhlalisana kwabantu, amasiko, ezemvelo, neziphathelene nenkambo elungileyo njengobulili, ubuzwe, ukukhubazeka, ubudala, amazinga, ukuntula, izindlela zokuphila, imvelaphi yabantu, inkolo, iSandulelangculazi/iNgculazi, kanye nezinye izifo nomhlaba wonkana lapho ecolisisa; lungisa amathekisthi ukuze enze uhlaka lokugcina ngokucubungula amaphutha nokuhlela;
•
42
IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
IBanga 11
IBanga 12
Z
Z
AmaZinga okuHlola
AmaZinga okuHlola
Sikwazi lokhu uma umfundi ekwazi uku:
Sikwazi lokhu uma umfundi ekwazi uku:
■ khombisa ukuzindla ahlaziye umsebenzi wakhe, eqaphela umbono wabanye aphinde ahlele kahle umsebenzi ethule umkhiqizo wokugcina: • sebenzisa izindlela ezihleliwe zokuhlola umsebenzi obhaliwe wakhe nowabanye ukuze wenziwe kangcono; • thuthukisa ukuhambisana nokuhlangana kwemiqondo nokwesakhiwo sonko; • bhekisisa ukuthi ingabe okuqukethwe, isitayela, iregista nemiphumela kulungele inhloso, izethameli nesimo;
■ khombisa ukuzindla ahlaziye umsebenzi wakhe, eqaphela umbono wabanye aphinde ahlele kahle umsebenzi ethule umkhiqizo wokugcina: • sebenzisa izindlela ezihleliwe zokuhlola umsebenzi obhaliwe wakhe nowabanye ukuze wenziwe kangcono; • thuthukisa ukuhambisana nokuhlangana kwemiqondo nokwesakhiwo sonko; • bhekisisa ukuthi ingabe okuqukethwe, isitayela iregista nemiphumela kulungele inhloso, izethameli nesimo;
•
qinisa umbono/uhlangothi lwakhe neziphakamiso ngokuzethemba;
•
•
colisisa ukukhethwa kwamagama nemisho nesakhiwo sezigaba asuse amaphutha asobala, ulimi olungamukelekile, ulimi oluhlambalazayo, ijagoni engadingekile; bonisa uzwela kumalungelo esintu, ukuhlalisana kwabantu, amasiko, ezemvelo, neziphathelene nenkambo elungileyo njengobulili, ubuzwe, ukukhubazeka, ubudala, amazinga, ukuntula, izindlela zokuphila, imvelaphi yabantu, inkolo, iSandulelangculazi/iNgculazi, kanye nezinye izifo nomhlaba wonkana lapho ecolisisa; lungisa amathekisthi ukuze enze uhlaka lokugcina ngokucubungula amaphutha nokuhlela;
•
•
•
•
•
qinisa umbono/uhlangothi lwakhe neziphakamiso ngokuzethemba nangobungcweti ngokuphelele; colisisa ukukhethwa kwamagama nemisho nesakhiwo sezigaba asuse amaphutha asobala, ulimi olungamukelekile, ulimi oluhlambalazayo, ijagoni engadingekile; bonisa uzwela kumalungelo esintu, ukuhlalisana kwabantu, amasiko, ezemvelo, neziphathelene nenkambo elungileyo njengobulili, ubuzwe, ukukhubazeka, ubudala, amazinga, ukuntula, izindlela zokuphila, imvelaphi yabantu, inkolo, iSandulelangculazi/iNgculazi, kanye nezinye izifo nomhlaba wonkana lapho ecolisisa; lungisa amathekisthi ukuze enze uhlaka lokugcina ngokucubungula amaphutha nokuhlela;
43
IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
IBanga 10
UmPhumela wokuFunda 3 (Uyaqhutshwa)
Z
AmaZinga okuHlola
Sikwazi lokhu uma umfundi ekwazi uku:
Ukubhala nokwethula Umfundi ukwazi ukubhalela nokwethulela izinhloso nezethameli eziningi ezahlukehlukene esebenzisa izimiso zolimi nezakhiwo ezifanele, ezimweni ezahlukene.
44
•
thula umkhiqiso wokugcina ebhekelela isitayela sokwethula esifanele njengamathekisthi abhaleke ahleleka ngobunono bekati noma iphosta elithatha amehlo ngokwemibala.
IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
IBanga 11
IBanga 12
Z
Z
AmaZinga okuHlola
Sikwazi lokhu uma umfundi ekwazi uku: •
thula umkhiqizo wokugcina ebhekelela isitayela sokwethula esifanele njengamathekisthi abhaleke ahleleka ngobunono bekati noma iphosta elithatha amehlo ngokwemibala.
AmaZinga okuHlola
Sikwazi lokhu uma umfundi ekwazi uku: •
thula umkhiqizo wokugcina ebhekelela isitayela sokwethula esifanele njengamathekisthi abhaleke ahleleka ngobunono bekati noma iphosta elithatha amehlo ngokwemibala.
45
IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
IBanga 10
UmPhumela wokuFunda 4
Z
AmaZinga okuHlola
Sikwazi lokhu uma umfundi ekwazi uku:
Uhlelo nokusetshemziswa kolimi Umfundi ukwazi ukusebenzisa izakhi nezimiso zolimi ngendlela efanele nangempumelelo.
■ bona anikeze incazelo zamagama awasebenzise ngendlela efanele emathekisthini ahlukene: • sebenzisa ulwazi lwamaphethini avamile okupelwa kwamagama, nezimiso zamagama amasha akhe uhlu lwakhe lokupelwa kwamagama; • sebenzisa izifinyezo ezivamile namaakhronimi ngokwamukelekile; •
•
• • • •
•
46
sebenzisa izichazamazwi nethesorasi ngokwezinhloso ezahlukene njengokucubungula izincazelo nokuphimisa; sebenzisa ulwazi lweziqu, iziqalo, nezijobelelo ukuqonda incazelo yamagama amasha; sebenzisa ubulili, ubuningi nezinciphiso zosobizo ngendlela eyamukelekile; sebenzisa izikhuliso, izichasiso nezandiso ngokwamukelekile; bona ukuthi izilimi ziboleka kanjani amagama kwezinye izilimi; hlukanisa phakathi kwamagama adidanayo anemiqondo eminingi nomabizwafane nophimbohluka abadidanayo abuye awasebenzise ngokunemba okuthuthukayo; sebenzisa igama elilodwa elimele ibinza nohlu lwamagama anencazelo efanayo naphikisanayo ngokwamukelekile.
IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
IBanga 11
IBanga 12
Z
Z
AmaZinga okuHlola
AmaZinga okuHlola
Sikwazi lokhu uma umfundi ekwazi uku:
Sikwazi lokhu uma umfundi ekwazi uku:
■ bona anike incazelo yamagama awasebenzise ngendlela efanele emathekisthini ahlukene: • sebenzisa ulwazi lwamaphethini avamile okupelwa kwamagama, nezimiso zamagama amasha kanye/noma ambaxa akhe uhlu lwakhe lokupelwa kwamagama; • sebenzisa izifinyezo ezinye ezivamile namaakhronimi ngokwamukelekile;
■ bona anike incazelo yamagama awasebenzise ngendlela efanele emathekisthini ahlukene: • sebenzisa ulwazi lwamaphethini avamile okupelwa kwamagama, nezimiso zamagama amasha kanye/noma ambaxa akhe uhlu lwakhe lokupelwa kwamagama; • sebenzisa izifinyezo ezinye ezivamile ezikhethiwe nama-akhronimi ngokwamukelekile; • sebenzisa izichazamazwi nethesorasi ngokwezinhloso ezahlukene njengokucubungula izincazelo nokuphimisa; • sebenzisa ulwazi lweziqu, iziqalo, nezijobelelo ukuqonda incazelo yamagama amasha; • sebenzisa ubulili, ubuningi nezinciphiso zamagama ngendlela eyamukelekile; • sebenzisa izikhuliso, izichasiso nezandiso ngokwamukelekile; • bona ukuthi izilimi ziboleka kanjani amagama kwezinye izilimi; • hlukanisa phakathi kwamagama adidanayo anemiqondo eminingi nomabizwafane nophimbohluka abadidanayo abuye awasebenzise ngendlela eyamukelekile; • sebenzisa igama elilodwa elimele ibinzana nohlu lwamagama anencazelo efanayo naphikisanayo ngokwamukelekile.
•
•
• • • •
•
sebenzisa izichazamazwi nethesorasi ngokwezinhloso ezahlukene njengokucubungula izincazelo nokuphimisa; sebenzisa ulwazi lweziqu, iziqalo, nezijobelelo ukuqonda incazelo yamagama amasha; sebenzisa ubulili, ubuningi nezinciphiso zamagama ngendlela eyamukelekile; sebenzisa izikhuliso, izichasiso nezandiso ngokwamukelekile; bona ukuthi izilimi ziboleka kanjani amagama kwezinye izilimi; hlukanisa phakathi kwamagama adidanayo anemiqondo eminingi nomabizwafane nophimboluka abadidanayo abuye awasebenzise ngendlela eyamukelekile; sebenzisa igama elilodwa elimele ibinzana nohlu lwamagama anencazelo efanayo naphikisanayo ngokwamukelekile.
47
IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
IBanga 10
UmPhumela wokuFunda 4 (Uyaqhutshwa)
Z
AmaZinga okuHlola
Sikwazi lokhu uma umfundi ekwazi uku:
Uhlelo nokusetshemziswa kolimi Umfundi ukwazi ukusebenzisa izakhi nezimiso zolimi ngendlela efanele nangempumelelo.
48
■ sebenzisa izinhlobo zemisho eyehlukene enesakhiwo esizwakalayo ngendlela enomqondo nebonisa inhloso yokusebenzisa ulimi njengokuba lusetshenziswa ezimweni zansuku zonke: • bona abuye asebenzise ngendlela enomqondo izingcezu zenkulumo njengosobizo, isichasiso, isilandiso, isikhanyiso, isihlanganiso, isibabazo ngokunembayo nangokunamqondo; • sebenzisa izakhi zesenzo nezinsizasenzo ukuveza isikhathi nesimo ezimweni ezejwayelekile ngokunemba okuthuthukayo; • sebenzisa izakhi zokuphika ngendlela efanele; • sebenzisa umenzi/inhloko, umenziwa nesilandiso abuye achaze imisebenzi yakho; • sebenzisa imisho eqondile ngokufaneleyo nangokwamukelekile abuye akhe imisho engxube nembaxa ngokusebenzisa imisho ekhonzile, engamabinza nezihlanganiso; • bona abuye asebenzise izinhlobo zemisho ezehlukene njengemisho eyisitatimende, imibuzo, imiyalo neziyalo ngokunemba okuthuthukayo; • sebenzisa impambosi yokwenza neyokwenziwa ngokufanele; • sebenzisa inkulumo ekhulunyiwe newumbiko ngokwamukelekile;
IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
IBanga 11
IBanga 12
Z
Z
AmaZinga okuHlola
AmaZinga okuHlola
Sikwazi lokhu uma umfundi ekwazi uku:
Sikwazi lokhu uma umfundi ekwazi uku:
■ sebenzisa izakhi zemisho eyehlukene enesakhiwo esizwakalayo ngendlela enomqondo nebonisa inhloso yokusebenzisa ulimi njengokuba lusetshenziswa ezimweni zansuku zonke: • bona abuye asebenzise ngendlela enomqondo izingcezu zenkulumo njengosobizo, isichasiso, isilandiso, isikhanyiso, isihlanganiso, isibabazo ngokunembayo; • sebenzisa izakhi ezahlukene zesenzo nezinsizasenzo ukuveza isikhathi nesimo ngokunemba; • sebenzisa izakhi zokuphika ngendlela efanele; • sebenzisa umenzi/inhloko, umenziwa nesilandiso abuye achaze imisebenzi yakho; • sebenzisa imisho eqondile ngokufaneleyo nangokwamukelekile abuye akhe imisho engxube nembaxa ngokusebenzisa imisho ekhonzile, engamabinza nezihlanganiso; • bona abuye asebenzise izinhlobo zemisho ezehlukene njengemisho eyizitatimende, imibuzo, imiyalo neziyalo ngendlela eyamukelekile; • sebenzisa impambosi yokwenza neyokwenziwa ngokufanele; • sebenzisa inkulumo ekhulunyiwe newumbiko ngokwamukelekile;
■ sebenzisa izakhi zemisho eyehlukene esinesakhiwo esizwakalayo ngendlela enomqondo nebonisa inhloso yokusebenzisa ulimi njengokuba lusetshenziswa ezimweni zansuku zonke: • bona abuye asebenzise ngendlela enomqondo izingcezu zenkulumo njengosobizo, isichasiso, isilandiso, isikhanyiso, isihlanganiso, isibabazo ngokunembayo; • sebenzisa izakhi ezahlukene zesenzo nezinsizasenzo ukuveza isikhathi nesimo ngokunemba; • sebenzisa izakhi zokuphika ngendlela efanele; • sebenzisa umenzi/inhloko, umenziwa nesilandiso abuye achaze imisebenzi yakho; • sebenzisa imisho eqondile ngokufaneleyo nangokwamukelekile abuye akhe imisho engxube nembaxa ngokusebenzisa imisho ekhonzile, engamabinza nezihlanganiso; • bona abuye asebenzise izinhlobo zemisho ezehlukene njengemisho eyizitatimende, imibuzo, imiyalo neziyalo ngendlela eyamukelekile; • sebenzisa impambosi yokwenza neyokwenziwa ngokufanele; • sebenzisa inkulumo ekhulunyiwe newumbiko ngokwamukelekile;
49
IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
IBanga 10
UmPhumela wokuFunda 4 (Uyaqhutshwa)
Z
AmaZinga okuHlola
Sikwazi lokhu uma umfundi ekwazi uku:
Uhlelo nokusetshenziswa kolimi • Umfundi ukwazi ukusebenzisa izakhi nezimiso zolimi ngendlela efanele nangempumelelo. • •
•
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hlela amagama ngendlela efanele emishweni ngokunemba okuthuthukayo abuye azi ukuthi ukuhleleka kwamagama kunamthelela muni encazelweni; sebenzisa izivumelwano ngokunemba okuthuthukayo; sebenzisa izimpawu zokukhanyisa nezamakhefu ngokwamukelekile esikhathini esiningi nangokwezinhloso ezahlukene njengokucacisa incazelo, ukukhombisa ukubonisa ubudlelwane ohlelweni lolimi kanye nokwengeza ukugcizelela; sebenzisa izimo zokukhuluma ezahlukene njengezaga kanye nezisho ngendlela efanele ethuthukayo; humusha imisho emifushane yolimi oluqondiwe eyihumushela olimini lwasekhaya nangokuguquka.
IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
IBanga 11
IBanga 12
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AmaZinga okuHlola
Sikwazi lokhu uma umfundi ekwazi uku:
AmaZinga okuHlola
Sikwazi lokhu uma umfundi ekwazi uku:
hlela amagama ngendlela efanele emishweni ngokunemba okuthuthukayo abuye azi ukuthi ukulandelana kwamagama kunamtheleka muni encazelweni; sebenzisa izivumelwano ngokunemba okuthuthukayo; sebenzisa izimpawu zokukhanyisa nezamakhefu ngokwamukelekile nangokwezinhloso ezahlukene njengokucacisa incazelo, ukukhombisa ubudlelwane ohlelweni lolimi kanye nokwengeza ukugcizelela;
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sebenzisa izimo zokukhuluma njengezaga nezisho ngempumelelo;
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sebenzisa izimo zokukhuluma njengezaga nezisho ngempumelelo;
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humusha imisho emifushane yolimi oluqondiwe eyihumushela olimini lwasekhaya nangokuguquka.
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humusha imisho emifushane yolimi oluqondiwe eyihumushela olimini lwasekhaya nangokuguquka.
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hlela amagama ngendlela efanele emishweni ngokunemba okuthuthukayo abuye azi ukuthi ukulandelana kwamagama kunamtheleka muni encazelweni; sebenzisa izivumelwano ngendlela eyamukelekile; sebenzisa izimpawu zokukhanyisa nezamakhefu ngokwamukelekile nangokwezinhloso ezahlukene njengokucacisa incazelo, ukukhombisa ubudlelwane ohlelweni lolimi kanye nokwengeza ukugcizelela;
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IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
IBanga 10
UmPhumela wokuFunda 4 Uyaqhutshwa
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AmaZinga okuHlola
Sikwazi lokhu uma umfundi ekwazi uku:
Uhlelo nokusetshenziswa kolimi Umfundi ukwazi ukusebenzisa izakhi nezimiso zolimi ngendlela efanele nangempumelelo.
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■ qala ukuba nekhono lokuhlolisisa indlela ulimi olusetshenziswa ngayo: • bona amagama anezincazelo eziqondile nezigudliselayo; • hlola ukuthi imilayezo esobala necashile, amagugu nezimo zokubheka izinto kubonisa kanjani isimo sesikhulumi/umamukeli/ umfundi/umbukeli; • bona aphonse inselelo ekuboneni okusobala ngahlangothi lunye nasenkolelweni engaguquki, olimini oluvusa imizwa nolukhohlisayo.
IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
IBanga 11
IBanga 12
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AmaZinga okuHlola
AmaZinga okuHlola
Sikwazi lokhu uma umfundi ekwazi uku:
Sikwazi lokhu uma umfundi ekwazi uku:
■ qala ukuba nekhono lokuhlolisisa indlela ulimi olusetshenziswa ngayo: • chaza amagama anezincazelo eziqondile negudiselayo; • chaza ukuthi imilayezo esobala necashile, amagugu nezimo zokubheka izinto kubonisa kanjani isimo sesikhulumi/umamukeli/ umfundi/umbukeli; • bona aphonse inselelo ekuboneni ngahlangothi lunye nasenkolelweni engaguquki, olimini oluvusa imizwa nolukhohlisayo abuye alinge ezinye izindlela zokukhuluma.
■ qala ukuba nekhono lokuhlolisisa indlela ulimi olusetshenziswa ngayo: • chaza amagama anezincazelo eziqondile nezigudliselayo; • chaza abuye ahumushe ukuthi imilayezo esobola necashile, amagugu nezimo zokubheka izinto kubonisa kanjani isimo sesikhulumi/umamukeli/umfundi/umbukeli; • bona aphonse inselelo ekuboneni ngahlangothi lunye nasenkolelweni engaguquki, olimini oluvusa imizwa, oluvumisayo nolukhohlisayo abuye alinge ezinye izindlela zokukhuluma.
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IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
OKUQUKETHWE KANYE NEZIMO EZIBONAKALISA UKUZUZWA KWAMAZINGA YOKUHLOLA Kule ngxenye okuqukethwe nezimo kunikezwa ukusekela ukuzuzwa kwaMazinga okuHlola. Okuqukethwe okubonisiwe kudinga ukuba kusetshenziswe ngendlela yokuba isize umfundi ukuba aqhubekele phambili ekuzuzeni aMazinga okuHlola. Okuqukethwe kumele kwelekelele aMazinga okuHlola kungabi isiphetho ngokwakho. Izimo eziphakanyisiwe zizolekelela okuqukethwe ukuba kugxiliswe ezimweni ezijwayelekile kubafundi ziphinde zelekelele ukufunda nokufundisa. Umfundisi kumele aqonde abuye asebenzise izimo ezijwayelekile, makungabi ilezo ezisetshenziswe lapha kuphela, kepha kube nokuhambisana nalokho okwaziwa abafundi. Okuqukethwe nezimo uma kuqondaniswe nokuzuzwa kwamazinga okuhlola kunikeza uhlaka lokwakha izinHlelo zokuFunda. ImiHlahlandlela yezinHlelo zokuFunda inikeza imininingwane eminingi ngalokho.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamathekisthi ekufundiseni kolimi Uma igama elithi ‘ithekisthi’ lisetshenziswe eZitatimendeni zeziFundo zeziLimi lithuthukile, linomqondo obanzi, lifaka zonke izimo zokuxoxwayo okulotshwayo, okubukwayo, okulalelwayo, okulalelwa kubukelwe nalokho okusebenzisa izindlela eziningi zokuxhumana. Ekufundiseni zonke izilimi, amathekisthi angasetshenziswa njengomsuka bese kuthi nezinye izinhlobo ezithile zamathekisthi zikhiqizwe ekuhambeni kwesikhathi. Ngokusebenzisa nokukhiqizwa kwamathekisthi akhulayo ngobunzima ukusuka eBangeni-10 kuya eBangeni-12, amazinga okuHlola afanele ukubonisa ukuqhubekela phambili. Amathekisthi alula nanzima ayisisekelo sokuqhubekela phambili kuzo zonke izilimi. Amathekisthi ngakho-ke angumnyombo omqoka ‘wokuqukethwe nesimo’ ekuxhumaneni, ekudidiyeleni ukufunda nokufundisa ezilimini. Uhlu olugcwele lwamathekisthi asetshenziswayo nakhiqizwayo kufanele luveze umfundi: ■ ezimweni ezinothileyo nezifanele zokuhlalisana, zamasiko nezomlando ezithuthukisa ukuqonda amagugu olimi. ■ ezindikimbeni eziphonsa inselelo nezivuselelayo ezithuthukisa ukuqonda ngokuhlolisisa amagugu nokwaziswa kokubaluleka kokuhlalisana ngokwamasiko kanye nezindaba eziphathelene nokuziphatha kwabantu okuhambisana nempilo yabantu baseNingizimu Afrika. ■ ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zemibono. ■ ezibonelweni zolimi olulotshiwe nolukhulunywayo ezinezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukene zezakhiwo ukwelekelela umfundi ekuthuthukiseni ukusetshenziswa kolimi olwamukelekile nolufanele. ■ ekuhlaziyweni kwenkolelo engaguqukiyo, ukubuka luhlangothi lunye kanye nokuthatha izinto ngokuvamile ukuthuthukisa ukucabanga okuhlolisisayo. ■ olimini oluncengayo nolukhohlisayo. ■ ebudlelwaneni bamandla obuphakathi olimini nobuphakathi kwezilimi. ■ ekuthuthukiseni ukwazi izethameli, inhloso nengqikithi nesimo esifanele iphimbo namagama asetshenziswa ngokohlobo lwezithameli.
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■ emigomweni nasemisukeni yezinhlobo ezahlukene zamathekisthi elotshiwe nengalotshiwe. ■ emisukeni ebonwayo elalelwayo nelalelwa ibukelwe. ■ ezinhlotsheni zezindlela namacebo okuloba, njengezinhlobo ezahlukene zolimi olunothile nolunobuchule. Indlela esekwe emathekisthini nendlela yokufunda ulimi ngokulusebenzisa yeyeme ekusebenziseni nasekubhaleni okuqhubekayo kwamathekisthi. Indlela esekwe emathekisthini ihlola ukuthi amathekisthi asebenza kanjani. Inhloso yendlela esekwe amathekisthi ukwenza abafundi ukuba babe nekhono, bazethembe nokuba abafundi abaneso elihlolisisayo, abalobi, ababukeli nabaqambi bamathekisthi. Kubandakanya ukulalela, ukufunda, ukubukela nokuhlaziya amathekisthi ukuze baqonde ukuthi zakhiwa kanjani nokuthi iyini imiphumela yazo. Ngalokhu kusebenzisana, abafundi babe nekhono lokuhlolisisa amathekisthi. Indlela esekwe emathekisthini ibandakanya futhi ukusungulwa kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zamathekisthi eziqondene nenhloso ethile nezethameli. Le ndlela iphumeleliswa ukuqonda ukuthi amathekisthi akhiwa kanjani. Indlela yokufunda ulimi ngokulusebenzisa ichaza ukuthi ekufundeni ulimi, umfundi kumele abe semathubeni amaningi okulusebenzisa noma alubhale nokulukhuluma ukufeza izindaba zesimo senhlalo. Ukufunda ulimi kumele kuzenzakalele, ezimweni ezingaphoqelekile okumele zikaphakele nasendlini yokufundela lapho amakhono okwazi ukufunda/ukubukela nokubhala/ukwethula efundwa ngendlela evamile – abafundi bafunda ngokufunda kakhulu amathekisthi bafunde ukubhala ngokubhala imibhalo eminingi.
Ukuqonda ukuthi amathekisthi akhiwe kanjani Amathekisthi akhiwe esuselwa ezimweni ezithile ngenhloso nezethameli ezithile ezisengqondweni. Izigaba ezahlukene zamathekisthi zinemisebenzi eyahlukene zibuye zilandele imithetho ethile ngokwesakhiwo, indlela, uhlelo lolimi, ulwazimagama nokuqukethwe. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthiwa izinhlobo zamathekisthi. Abafundi kudingeka ukuba bakwazi ukuqonda nokusungula izinhlobonhlobo ezihlukene zokuxhumana ezinqunyelwe ukuba zifundiswe. Amathekisthi futhi abonisa izimo zosikompilo nezombusazwe eziqanjwe kuzo. Ulimi olusetshenziswe emathekisthini luqukethe imiyalezo ephathelene namagugu nezombusazwe nalokho abakumeleyo abantu abayilobile noma abayiqambile. Kanjalo amathekisthi aqondene nokuthile nqgo. Abafundi kudingeka ukuba bakwazi ukuhumusha banike imibono yabo ngamagugu nezimo emathekisthini. Kanjalo endleleni esekwe emathekisthini, ulimi luyahlolwa njalo, futhi luhlolwa maqondana nezimo zalo. Le ndlela ibandakanya ukuqaphela izindlela ezisemthethweni zolimi (uhlelo lolimi nolwazimagama) kodwa njengokukhethiweyo emathekisthini nangokwemiphumela yakho, kungabi ngokwendlela ehlukanisayo. Ukuze kukhulunywe ngamathekisthi, abafundi badinga ‘ulimi olusetshenziselwa ukuxoxa ngolunye ulimi’ noma ukuluhlaziya badinga amagama okufanekisa izimo ezihlukene zohlelo lolimi, ulwazimagama nendlela, nokukhuluma ngezinhlobo ezihlukene zamathekisthi ezinqunyelwe ukuba zifundiswe.
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IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
Amathekisthi angahlukaniswa ngamathekisthi asetshenziswayo namathekisthi akhiqizwayo. Lawa ahlelwe kabanzi kule zinhlu ezilandelayo. Lezi zinhlu kazikwazi ukufaka zonke izinhlobo zamathekisthi ezifanele-uthisha uvumelekile ukuba angeze amathekisthi angasetshenziswa ekuhlanganisweni kokufundisa ulimi. Inhloso yezinhlu ukunikeza uthisha inkululeko ebanzi ekukhetheni okungasetshenziswa noma kusungulwe. Imininingwane yokudingekayo mayelana nobunzima bamathekisthi naleyo ephathelene nohlobo lwerejista lunikeziwe emHlahlandleleni weziNhlelo zokuFunda.
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IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
AMATHEKISTHI ASETSHENZISWA EKUFUNDISWENI KOLIMI LOKUQALA LOKWENGEZA NGOKUHLANGANISA, AMABANGA-10 – 12 Amathekisthi emibhalo: Ama-eseyi Inoveli Izinkondlo Izindaba ezimfushane Ubuciko bomlomo Ucwaningo ngezamafilimu Umdlalo Umlando ngempilo yomuntu obhalwe ngomunye Umlando ngempilo yomuntu obhalwe nguye uqobo Ezinye izinhlobo zamathekisthi ezinqunyelwe ukuba zifundwe emaBangeni 10 kuya ku-12 zihlanganisa amathekisthi adlulisa imilayezo, anika ulwazi, asunguliwe nabonwayo, alalelwayo, alalelwa abukelwe nasebenzisa izindlela eziningi zokuxhumana. Amathekisthi ahlungwe ngokubanzi kufanele asetshenziswe ekufundiseni ngokuhlanganisa esikhathini esingangeminyaka emithathu. Amathekisthi adlulisa imilayezo: Amathelegramu Amamemorandamu Amaminithi nohlelo lomhlangano Amaphepha asakazwayo anikeza ulwazi ngokuthile (amaflaya) Amaphepha ezaziso/ izaziso Amaphamufulethi Amaphosta Imibiko (ebekelwe imigomo nengabekelwe migomo) Imiyalezo ye - imeyili Incwajana echazayo Izibuyekezo Izikhangisi Izihla zomhleli Izihlanzamagama / Ifeksi Izimemo Izincwadi ezibekelwe imigomo nezingabekelwe Izinkulumo mpendulwano (ezilotshiwe) Iziqeshana namakholumu abhalelwa amaphephandaba Iziqeshana namakholumu abhalelwa iphephabhuku Ukubhalwa kwedayari Ukuloba amaphuzu asemqoka Umlando ngomufi Ukugcwaliswa kwamafomu
Anikeza ulwazi: Incwadi equkethe izinhlu zezinombolo zocingo Incwadi yezifundo Isiqoqamazwi Isiqukathilwazi/ I-ensayiklophidiya Izichazamazwi Izinhlelo Izinkomba zomabonakude Uhlelonkathi Amathekisthi okuqanjwa: Amaculo namahubo esizwe Amahlaya Amathekisthi eziqanjwe abafundi Insomi, Inganeko, nensumansumane Izinkulumo Izinkulumo mpendulwano Ukubhalwa kwamadayari Iziphicaphicwano Ukuxoxa indaba nobuciko bomlomo Ukwenzasamdlalo Izinganekwane
Abonwayo, alalelwayo, alalelwa nasebenza izindlela eziningi zokuxhumana: Amagrafu /Imidwebo /Amathebuli Amahlaya ethulwa ngemifanekiso; imifanekiso senamisi Amakhathuni Amashadi namabalazwe Amasilayidi Ama-thranspharensi Amavidiyo omculo Imidlalo Izimpawu Izikhangisi Izinhlelo zikamabonakude nemibhalo yobufakazi Izinhlelo zomsakazo Izithombe Iziqubulo Okuqoshiwe Ukufundwa kwemidlalo, amanoveli noma izindaba ezimfishane Ukuboniswa kwamasilayidi Umdwebo / umbhalo oqoshiwe Umdwebo-zindonga
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AMATHEKISTHI AKHIQIZWA EKUFUNDISWENI KOLIMI LOKUQALA LOKWENGEZA, NGOKUHLANGANISA, AMABANGA-10 – 12 (Amathekisthi okumele kukhethwe kuwo ukuze umfundi abhale ngazo emabangeni e- 10 kuya kwe—12) Amathekisthi adlulisa imilayezo: Amakhadi esimemo Amamemorandamu Amaminithi nohlelo lomhlangano Amaphosikhadi Ezibhalelwa umhleli Imibiko (ebekelwe imigomo nengabekelwe migomo) Imiyalezo ye-imeyili Imiyalezo yezihlanzamagama/ yezikhahlamezi/ ifeksi Izincwadi ezinqunyelwe imigomo zokufaka isicelo, zokucela isikhundla, isikhalazo, zozwelo, isimemo, ukubonga, ukuhalalisela nencwadi yebhizinisi Izincwadi zombuso nezobuhlobo eziqondiswe emephaphandabeni Izibuyekezo Izikhangisi Izincwadi zobungani Izincwajana ezichazayo Izinkulumo mpendulwano Iziqeshana ezibhalelwa amaphephabhuku Iziqeshana ezibhalelwa amaphephandaba Ukugcwaliswa kwamafomu Umlando mpilo Umlando ngomufi
Umlayezo kamakhalekhukhwini Amathekisthi okuqanjwa: Indaba elandayo, echazayo, eningayo, enhlangothimbili, enikeza imibono yomlobi, neqophisanayo Ukuphawula ngemibhalo Amathekisthi aqukethe ulwazi: Ibalazwe lengqondo lokukhumbuza namafulowushadi lokukhumbula Imiyalo Iziyalelo Ucwaningo Ukufingqa Ukufinyeza ubeka ngamazwi akho Ukubhala amanothi Ukwakhiwa kwezichazamazwi (umfundi uzakhela uhla lokupela abuye anikeze nezincazelo.)
Amathekisthi athulwa ngomlomo, abonwayo nasebenzisa izindlela eziningi zokuxhumana: Amaphepha asakazwayo anika ulwazi ngokuthile (amaflaya) Amaphosikhadi Izikhangisi Izinkulumo ezibekelwe imigomo nezingabekelwe migomo Izethulo ngamagrafu / imiphumela yemisindo Izinkulumo mpendulwano Iziqubulo Ucwaningo Ukuxoxisana nomuntu ngokumbuza imibuzo
Amathekisthi angaphoqelelwe anothisayo: ukwenza samdlalo, ukuxoxa indaba, izindaba zomsakazo kanye nezikamabonakude, imidlalo yomsakazo nekamabonakude, izingxoxo zesigungu, izindaba ezimfushane zakhe/ izingxoxo/ izinkondlo / imidlalo, amakhathuni, amahlaya ethulwa ngemifanekiso, imicu, amahlaya, izimpawu, njll.
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ISAHLUKO 4 UKUHLOLA ISINGENISO Ukuhlola kuyingxenye enqala yeSitatimende sikaZwelonke soHlelo lweziFundo amaBanga-10 – 12 (UmGudu wokuFunda Jikelele). Ukuhlola kuyinqubo yokuqoqa nokuhumusha ubufakazi ukuze kutholwe inqubekela phambili yomfundi ekufundeni futhi kuthathwe isinqumo mayelana namakhono omfundi. Ubufakazi bungaqoqwa ezikhathini nasezindaweni ezehlukene, nangokusebenzisa izindlela ezehlukene, izinsiza ezingasetshenziswa inqubo nezindlela zokuxhumana ezinhlobonhlobo. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imiphumela yokuhlola ingatholakala ibuye isetshenziselwe izinhloso ezinhlobonhlobo esikhathini esizayo, imiphumela kufanele iqoshwe. Kunezinhlobonhlobo zezindlela zokuqopha ukusebenza kwabafundi. Ezinye zazo zibhekiwe kulesi sahluko. Ezinye zenziwe zaqondana ngqo kakhulu nesifundo emiHlahlandleleni yeziNhlelo zokuFunda. Abantu abaningi ababamba iqhaza banothando lokufuna ukwazi ukuthi abafundi basebenza kanjani emaBangeni-10 – 12. Lokhu kubandakanya abafundi uqobo lwabo, abazali, abalondolozi, abaxhasi, uMnyango weMfundo wesifunda, uMnyango weMfundo, iHhovisi likaNgqongqoshe weZemfundo, abaqashi, nezikole zemfundo nokuqeqesha okuphakeme. Ukuze kube lula ukuthola ukwenza kwabafundi jikelele nokucatshangwayo ngamakhono abafundi, imiphumela yokuhlola kumele ibikwe. Ziningi izindlela zokubika. ImiHlahlandlela yeziNhlelo zokuFunda ichaza izindlela zokuqopha nokubika ukuhlola okwenziwa ngaphakathi esikoleni nokuhlola kwangaphandle kanye nokunikeza izeluleko ngezinto eziphathelene nokuhlola eziqondene ngqo nesifundo.
KUNGANI KUHLOLWA Ngaphambi kokuba umfundisi ahlole abafundi, kubalulekile ukuthi izinhloso zokuhlola zibekwe zicace futhi zingadidi. Ukuqonda izinhloso zokuhlola kuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuhambisana okufanele kuyatholakala phakathi kwezinhloso nezindlela zokuhlola. Lokhu kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinqumo neziphetho ezigxile ekuhlolweni zibe ngezifanele leyo noma lezo zinhloso ezithile. Ziningi izizathu ezenza ukuthi ukusebenza kwabafundi kuhlolwe. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuhlola ngenhloso yokuqaphelisisa inqubekela phambili, nokunikeza okutholakele, ukuxilonga imbangela noma ukulungisa izingqinamba ekufundeni, ukukhetha, ukweluleka, ukwelekelela ukufunda, ukunikeza isitifiketi nokuqhubekela phambili.
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Kulolu hlelo lwemfundo, ukufunda nokuhlola kuxhumene kakhulu ngokungenakuhlukaniswa. Ukuhlola kusiza abafundi ukulinganisa ukubaluleka kokufunda kwabo. Kunikeza abafundi ulwazi ngenqubekela phambili yabo nokubanikeza amandla okuba bakwazi ukuziphathela nokuthatha izinqumo ngokufunda kwabo. Ngokwalo mqondo, ukuhlolwa kunikeza ulwazi ngokuthi ukufundisa nokufunda kuyaphumelela yini ukufinyelela emiPhumeleni yokuFunda ebekiwe. Nxa ukuhlola kutshengisa ukungabikho kwenqubekela phambili, amasu okufundisa nokufunda angaguqulwa ngokwesimo.
IZINHLOBO ZOKUHLOLA Le ngxenye ichaza lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo zokuhlola: ■ ■ ■ ■
ukuhlola okuyisisekelo; ukuhlola okuxilongayo; ukuhlola okwakhayo; kanye nokuhlola okuqoqayo.
Ukuhlola okuyisisekelo Ukuhlola okuyisisekelo kubalulekile ekuqaleni kwebanga, kodwa kungenzeka ekuqaleni kwanoma yisiphi isiyingi sokufunda. Kusetshenziselwa ukuthola osekwaziwa nokungenziwa ngabafundi. Kusiza ekulungiseleleni imisebenzi nasekwenzeni uhlelo lokufunda. Ukuqoshwa kokuhlolwa okuyisisekelo kuvame ukuqoshwa ngokunganqunyelwe mithetho.
Ukuhlola okuxilongayo Noma ikuphi ukuhlola kungasetshenziswa ngezinhloso zokuxilonga, okungukuthi ukuthola isisusa noma izisusa zengqinamba yokufunda noma zezingqinamba zokufunda. Ukuhlola okuxilongayo kwelekelela ekuthatheni izinqumo ngamasu okwelekelela noma ukubona isidingo sosizo lobuchwepheshe noma ukulungisa izingqinamba. Kusebenza njengomnyombo wokubheka okukhona nokungekho ukwelekelela ukucacisa kabusha okuphokophelwe ngohlelo lokufunda, noma ukuthola ukuthi yini abangakayifundi ukuze kwenziwe amasu okwelekelela.
Ukuhlola okwakhayo Noma yiluphi uhlobo lokuhlola olusetshenziswayo ukwethula umphumela kumfundi kugcwalisa inhloso yokwakha. Ukuhlola okwakhayo kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokufunda nokufundisa. Kuqaphelisisa kwelekelele kuxhase inqubo yokufunda. Bonke ababambe iqhaza basebenzisa lolu hlobo lokuhlola ukuzuza ulwazi ngenqubekela phambili yabafundi. Ukunikeza umphumela owakhayo kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokuhlola ukufeza izinhloso zokwakha.
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IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
Ukuhlola okuqoqayo Uma ukuhlola kusetshenziselwe ukuqopha isinqumo sekhono noma ukusebenza komfundi, kufeza inhloso yokuqoqa. Ukuhlola okuqoqayo kunikeza isithombe ngamakhono noma ngenqubekela phambili yomfundi nganoma yimuphi umzuzu esidingeka ngaso. Ukuhlola okuqoqayo kungenzeka ekupheleni komsebenzi, isimo sesilinganiso sokufunda, isiyingi sokufunda, ithemu, isimesta noma unyaka. Ukuhlola okuqoqayo kufanele kuhlelwe futhi kufanele kusetshenziswe nezinhlobonhlobo zezikhali zokuhlola kanye namasu okuhlola ukuze abafundi bakwazi ukukhombisa amakhono abo.
UKUHLOLA KUMELE KUBE NJANI FUTHI KWENZENI? Ukuhlola kumele: ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
kuqondwe umfundi nomphakathi wonke; kuqondiswe ngokucacile; kuhlanganiswe nokufunda kanye nokufundisa; kwesekwe ezicini okuzobonwa ngazo ezihlelwe ngaphambili zaMazinga okuHlola; kuvumele amathuba okukhula kwabafundi; kuhambisane nesivinini sokufunda komfundi kube ngokungabandlululi; futhi kuguquguquke; kusetshenziswe izikhali ezahlukene zokuhlola; kanye nokusebenzisa izindlela ezahlukene zokuhlola.
KUHLOLWA KANJANI Ukuhlolwa kwamakhono abafundi ngabafundisi makube ngokweqophelo eliphezulu lokwethembeka. Lokhu kuchaza ukuthi ukwahlulela amakhono abafundi ngothisha kufanele kube ngokuyiqiniso nokuvamileyo kuzo zonke izikhathi ezahlukene, kokuhlolwayo, nezimpawu. Ukwahlulela okwenziwe ngokuhlola kumele futhi kukhombise ubuqiniso; okuchaza ukuthi, izinqumo mazenziwe ezingxenyeni zokufunda ezihloliwe. Ngoba lokho nalokho kuhlola akukwazi ukuba neqiniso noma ukwethembeka ngokwako, izinqumo mayelana nokuqhubekela phambili komfundi makumiswe ngaphezu kokuhlolwa okukodwa. Lokhu kunguMgomo wokuHlola okuQhubekayo. Ukuhlola okuqhubekayo ilisu lokuhlola elimisa izinqumo ngokufunda ezinhlotsheni ezehlukene zemisebenzi yokuhlola nezehlakalo ezenzeka ngezikhathi ezehlukene enqubweni yokufunda yonke. Kuhlanganisa imisebenzi yokuhlola ehlelelwe unyaka wonke, kusetshenziswa izikhali nezindlela zokuhlola ezinhlobonhlobo, njengezivivinyo, ukuhlola, amaprojekthi nemisebenzi yophenyo. Ukuhlola okwethulwa ngomlomo, okulotshwayo, nokokwenza kumbandakanywa kulokhu okungenhla. Lezi zinhlobo ezehlukene zeziqeshana zobufakazi eziboniswa ngabafundi njengengxenye yokuhlola okuqhubekayo kungafakwa kuphothifoliyo. Izifundo ezehlukene zinezidingo ezehlukene zalokho okumele kufakwe kuphothifoliyo. Lezi zidingo zichazwe kabanzi ngumHlahlandlela weziNhlelo zokuFunda.
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IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
Ukuhlola okuqhubekayo kwenzeka endlini yokufundela nasesikoleni futhi kuqondise esimweni esiqhubekayo ngendlela ukuhlola okuhlanganiswe ngayo nenqubo yokufundisa nokufunda. Othisha bathola ithuba lokwazi abafundi babo ngokufundisa kwabo kwansuku zonke, ngokubuza imibuzo, ngokuqaphela, nangokusebenzisana nabafundi nangokubabuka besebenzisana. Ukuhlola okuqhubekayo kungasetshenziswa kulezo zingxenye ezimbili zohlelo lokufunda ezihlolwa ngezivivinyo nemisebenzi yophenyo nalezo ezihloleka kahle kakhulu ngezinye izindlela, njengokwenza, esebenzisa ubufakazi bokufunda bokwenziwayo noma obethulwa ngomlomo.
IZINDLELA ZOKUHLOLA Ukuzihlola komfundi Yonke imiPhumela yokuFunda naMazinga okuHlola ibonakala ngokucacile. Abafundi bayakwazi okulindelwe kubo. Ngalokho, abafundi bangabamba iqhaza elibalulekile ekuhloleni ngokuthi azihlole yena, ‘ekuhloleni kwangaphambili’ umsebenzi ngaphambi kokuthi uthisha enze ukuhlola kokugcina. Ukuninga ngokufunda’ kwakhe kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokufunda.
Ukuhlolwa komfundi ngontanga Ukuhlolwa untanga, esebenzisa uhlu lokubona okukhona nokungekho noma irubrikhi, lokwelekelela abafundi okuhlolwa umsebenzi wabo nalabo abahlolayo. Ukwabelana ngezici okubonwa ngazo kuthuthukisa abafundi ekuhloleni ukusebenza kwabo nokwabanye.
Ukuhlolwa kweqembu Ikhono lokusebenza ngempumelelo emaqenjini kungomunye wemiPhumela eSemqoka. Ukuhlola umsebenzi weqembu kufaka ukufuna ubufakazi bokuthi iqembu labafundi liyasebenzisana, bayelekelelana, bahlukaniselana umsebenzi, nokuhlanganisa iminikelo ibe wumkhiqizo owodwa oyingxubevange ohlolekayo. Ukuhlolwa kweqembu kubuka inqubo kanye nomkhiqizo. Kuphatha ukuhlola amakhono okuhlalisana , ukuphathwa kwesikhathi, ukuphathwa kwezinto zokusebenza nokwahlukana kweqembu, nemibono ekhishwa yiqembu.
IZINDLELA ZOKUQOQA UBUFAKAZI BOKUHLOLA Kunezindlela ezinhlobonhlobo zokuqoqa ubufakazi bokuhlola. Ezinye zazo zichaziwe ngezansi.
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IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
Ukuhlola okwesekwe ekuqapheleni Izindlela zokuhlola ezesekwe ekuhloleni ngokuqaphela zivame ukwakhiwa kafushane zibuye zivumele ukwakhiwa kwezinhlobo ezehlukene zobufakazi obuqoshiwe babafundi abahlukene ngezikhathi ezehlukene. Lolu hlobo lokuhlola luvamise ukugxila emisebenzini edinga ukuba abafundi basebenzisane ekufuneni isixazululo noma umkhiqizo abavumelana ngawo. Ukuqaphela kufanele kube nenhloso futhi kwenziwe ngosizo lwesikhali sokuqaphela esifanele.
Ukuhlola okwesekwe esivivinyweni Ukuhlola okwesekwe esivivinyweni kunesakhiwo esigqamayo ukuba abafundisi bakwazi ukuqoqa ubufakazi obufanayo babo bonke abafundi, ngendlela efanayo nangesikhathi esifanayo. Lolu hlobo lokuhlola lwakha ubufakazi bokufunda obufakazelwa amaphuzu athile. Uma zisetshenziswe ngendlela efanele, izivivinyo ziyingxenye ebalulekile yohlelo lokufunda ngoba zinikeza ubufakazi obuhle balokho osekufundiwe.
Ukuhlola okwesekwe emsebenzini Izindlela zokuhlola ezesekwe emsebenzini noma ekwenzeni zihlose ukubonisa ukuthi abafundi bayakwazi ukusebenzisa amakhono nolwazi abalufunde kuzingqikithi ezingajwayelekile noma izimo ezingaphandle kwendlu yokufundela. Ukuhlola ukusebenza kuphatha izingxenye zezifundo eziwumsebenzi wamakhono angenziwa ngokubhala kuphela , ngokubona ukuthi abafundi ithiyori bayisebenzisa kanjani. Izici okubonwa ngazo, imigomo noma imithetho okuzohlolwa ngayo umsebenzi, okuchazwe kumarubrikhi noma izinhlu zokubheka okukhona nokungekho zomsebenzi, zelekelela umfundisi ukusebenzisa izinqumo ezinobuchwepheshe ukuhlola ukusebenza kwabafundi.
UKUQOPHA NOKUBIKA Ukuqopha nokubika kudinga ukubhalwa kwemininingwane eqoqwe ngenkathi kuhlolwa ukuze ikwazi ukuhlaziywa nokuba yaziswe abantu bonke ngendlela enembayo nenomqondo.
Izindlela zokuqopha Kukhona izindlela ezehlukene zokuqopha. Kuvame ukuba kube lukhuni ukwahlukanisa izindlela zokuqopha ezindleleni zokuhlola ukusebenza kwabafundi. Lokhu okulandelayo yizibonelo zezinhlobo ezahlukene zezikhali zokuqopha: ■ izilinganiso zamazinga; ■ izinhlu zemisebenzi noma izinhlu zokubheka okukhona nokungekho; kanye ■ namarubrikhi. Isikhali ngasinye sichaziwe ngezansi.
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IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
Izilinganiso zamazinga Izilinganiso zamazinga ziyinoma yiluphi uhlelo lokubeka uphawu, lapho uphawu (njengo-A noma-B) noma amaphuzu (njengo 5/10 noma 50%) achazwa kabanzi ukuze kuxhunyaniswe amakhodi afingqiwe nokuchazwa kwamakhono adingekayo ukuzuza lawo maphuzu. Imininingwane ibaluleke kakhulu kunamaphuzu anikeziwe enqubeni yokufunda nokufundisa njengoba inikeza abafundi umqondo ocacile kakhulu walokho osekuzuziwe nokuthi yikuphi lapho ukufunda kwabo kungafinyelelanga emgomweni futhi yingani ukufunda kwabo kungafinyelelanga emgomweni. Ukumaka ngendlela endala bekuvame ukusebenzisa kakhulu izilinganiso zamazinga ezingenayo imininingwane echazayo, lokho kwenza kube nzima ukuba uthole isithombe salokho umfundi akwazi ukukwenza nalokho okumehlulayo ngokwemiphumela ehlosiwe. Isilinganiso samaphuzu ayisithupha sokuzuza sisetshenzisiwe eSitatimendeni sikaZwelonke soHlelo lweziFundo amaBanga-10 – 12 (Umgudu wokuFunda Jikelele).
Izinhlu zemisebenzi noma izinhlu zokubheka okukhona nokungekho Izinhlu zemisebenzi noma izinhlu zokubheka okukhona nokungekho ziqukethe izitatimende ezehlukene ezichasisa ukusebenza komfundi emsebenzini othize. Lapho isitatimende esithile (isici okubonwa ngaso) ohlwini lokubheka okukhona nokungekho sibonakala njengesifezwe umfundi ngenkathi enza umsebenzi, isitatimende sifakwa uphawu. Zonke izitatimende ezifakwe uphawu ohlwini (njengezici okubonwa ngazo ezifeziwe) zichaza ukusebenza komfundi. Lezi zinhlu zokubheka okukhona nokungekho ziwusizo kakhulu emisebenzini lapho umfundi ezihlola yena noma ehlolwa yiqembu.
Amarubrikhi Amarubrikhi adidiyela amakhodi okulinganisa nokuchazwa kwemigomo. Akhiwe ngokuhleleka ngobukhulu bemigomo enezilinganisa mazinga ezichaza umgomo osezingeni elamukelekile lokusebenza okwamukelekile kulelo nalelo zinga lamakhodi. Amarubrikhi adinga ukuba abafundisi bazi ngqo okuyikhona okudingwa umphumela. Amarubrikhi angaba aphelele eveza isithombe esiphelele somgomo odingekayo, noma ahlaziye, enikeza isithombe esicacile sezimpawu ezigqamile ezakha izici okubonwa ngazo, noma umfundisi angawahlanganisa womabili. UmHlahlandlela weziNhlelo zokuFunda unikeza izibonelo zamarubrikhi aqondene ngqo nesifundo. Ukwakha irubrikhi, umfundisi kumele aqonde okulandelayo: ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
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Yimiphi imiphumela ehlosiwe? Yimaphi Amazinga yokuHlola ehlosiwe ngomsebenzi? Yiluphi uhlobo lobufakazi okumele buqoqwe? Yiziphi izingxenye ezahlukene zokusebenza ezizohlolwa? Yiziphi izikhali zokuhlola ezizohambelana kahle kakhulu naleyo naleyo ngxenye yomsebenzi (njengenqubo nalokho azokwakha)?
IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
■ Yiluphi uhlobo lolwazi okufanele luvele obala? ■ Yimaphi amakhono okumele asetshenziswe noma yiziphi izinyathelo ezithathiwe? ■ Yimaphi amathuba okuneka imibono yomuntu, amagugu noma indlela abona ngayo izinto zisuselwa emsebenzini nokuthi yikuphi phakathi kwalokhu okumele kuhlolwe futhi kuhlolwe kanjani? ■ Ingabe irubrikhi eyodwa kumele iqondiswe kuyo yonke imiPhumela naMazinga okuHlola umsebenzi noma umsebenzi udinga amarubrikhi ahlukene? ■ Mangaki amarubrikhi empeleni, adingwa wumsebenzi? Kubalulekile njalo ukuba umfundisi abelane irubrikhi noma amarubrikhi nabafundi ngaphambi kokuba benze umsebenzi okulindeleke ukuba wenziwe. Irubrikhi icacisa ukufunda nokusebenza kokubili kumele kuqondise kuyo iphinde ibe yisikhali esinamandla sokuzihlola komfundi.
Ukubika ukusebenza nempumelelo Ukubika ukusebenza nokuzuziwe kwazisa bonke laba abazimbandakanye noma abashisekele inqubekela phambili yabafundi. Uma ubufakazi sebuqoqiwe bahunyushwa, abafundisi kudingeka baqophe konke umfundi akuzuzile. Ukuhlola okuqoqayo okwanele kudinga ukuba kwenziwe ukuze ukubika kwenze isitatimende mayelana nomgomo ozuzwe umfundi. ISitatimende sikaZwelonke Sohlelo Lwezifundo amaBanga-10 – 12 ( UMgudu wokuFunda Jikelele) samukela isilinganiso samaphuzu ayi-6 sempumelelo. Lesi silinganiso siboniswa ethebuleni-4.1. Ithebula-4.1 Isilinganiso sokuzuza seSitatimende sikaZwelonke soHlelo lweziFundo amaBanga-10 – 12 (UMgudu wokuFunda Jikelele)
Amakhodi
IziNcazelo zamaKhono
Amamaki ngamaphesenti %
6
Impumelelo yamalengiso
80-100
5
Impumelelo yeqophelo eliphezulu
60-79
4
Impumelelo yezinga elamukelekayo
50-59
3
Impumelelo ngokwanele
40-49
2
Impumelelo ngokuyingxenye
30-39
1
Impumelelo ngokungenele
0-29
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IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
IZINCAZELO ZAMAKHONO ESIFUNDWENI Ukwelekelela ngesilinganisa zinga okuzuziwe ngemiPhumela yokuFunda emaBangeni-10 – 12, amakhono esifundweni achaziwe ukuze kuhlukaniswe okulindeleke ebangeni ngalokho abafundi okumele bakwazi nokumele bakuzuze. Amazinga ayisithupha amakhono aleso naleso sifundo nalelo nalelo banga achaziwe. Lezi zincazelo zizosiza abafundisi ekuhloleni abafundi futhi babuye bababeke esilinganisweni esifanele. Izincazelo ziqoqa imiphumela yokuFunda aMazinga okuHlola bese inikeza izinkomba eziveza impumelelo yalelo zinga. Amazinga okuzuza ahlukene nemikhakha yezilinganiso ngamaphesenti ehambisana nawo anjengoba ekhonjisiwe ethebuleni – 4.1. Ngokuhambisana nenqubomgomo nokuhlola okwesekwe emiphumeleni konke ukuhlola okwenziwa esikoleni nangaphandle kufanele kwenziwe ngokwezici okungabonwa ngazo. Amamaki angasetshenziswa ekuhloleni imisebenzi ethize, kepha imisebenzi kumele ihlolwe ngokusebenzisa amarubrikhi esikhundleni sokuba kuboniswe ngophawu izimpendulo ezamukelekile nokunikeza amaphuzu / amamaki ngokwenani lezimpawu. Izitatimende zokwazi ukwenza zesifundo zichaza okuncane okulindelekile okufanele ukuba umfundi akubonise ngamakhono, ulwazi, indlela yokubheka/yokuthatha izinto kanye namagugu Lapho abafundisi / abahloli belungiselela umsebenzi noma umbuzo wokuhlola, kufanele baqinisekise ukuthi umsebenzi noma umbuzo uqondene nomphumela othize. Izinga noma Amazinga okuHlola efanele kumele isetshenziswe ukwakha irubrikhi lokuhlola umsebenzi/ umbuzo. Izincazelo zibonisa ngokucacileyo okuncane okulindeleke ukuba kuzuzwe kulelo nalelo zinga lesilinganiso. Ukuchazwa kokwazi ukwenza kwalesi sifundo kufakiwe ekugcineni kwalesi sahluko.
INQUBEKELA PHAMBILI Inqubekela phambili eBangeni le- 10 naseBangeni le- 11 izogxila ekuhloleni kwangaphakathi kuphela, kodwa kumele kwesekwe ezimisweni ezinjengalezo zeSitifiketi seMfundo nokuQeqesha okuQhubekayo. Izidingo, izimiselo, kanye nemithetho yokudidiyela izifundo, nokuqhubekela phambili ngokubonelelwa njengoba kubekwe ngokusobala ku-Qualifications and Assessment Policy Framework for Grade 10 – 12 (General)
INDLELA AMAKHADI OKUBIKA OKUMELE ABUKEKE NGAYO Kunezindlela eziningi zokwakha amakhadi okubika kodwa kuba ngcono uma elula, uma nje efake yonke imininingwane ebalulekile. Amakhadi okubika kumele afake imininingwane ngenqubekela phambili ephelele yomfundi, kuhlanganise nalokhu okulandelayo:
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■ ■ ■ ■
okuzuzwayo ekufundeni ngokwemiphumela; amandla omfundi ekufundeni; ukwelekelelwa okudingekayo noma okunikeziwe lapho kufanele khona; ukunikeza umbiko owakhayo ngomsebenzi owenziwe ngokubeka umbono ngokuphathelene nokusebenza komfundi kwangaphambilini nezidingo zesifundo; kanye ■ nenqubekela phambili ethuthukayo yomfundi ekwazini indlela afunda ngayo. Ukunezezela, amakhadi okuhlola kumele abe nale mininingwane elandelayo: ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
igama lesikole igama lomfundi; ibanga umfundi akulo; unyaka nethemu; isikhala sesiginesha yomzali noma umbheki womfundi; isiginesha kathisha nekathishanhloko; usuku; izinsuku zokuvalwa nokuvulwa kwezikole; isigxivizo sesikole / isitembu sesikole; kanye nephrofayili yokuba khona nokuphutha komfundi esikoleni.
UKUHLOLWA KWABAFUNDI ABANEZINGQINAMBA EKUFUNDENI Ukuhlolwa kwabafundi abanezinkinga, ekufundeni kuzoqhutshwa kuhambisane nesiphakamiso sezindlela zokuhlola ezingasetshenziswa ezindaweni ezithile kanye / noma ukuphendula uhlelo lokuhlola ukuze luhlangabezane nezidingo zomfundi njengoba kubekiwe ku-Qualification and Assessment Policy Framework for Grades 10 – 12 (General) njengoba kuhambisana nabafundi abahlangabezana nezingqinamba ekufundeni. Bhekisa ku-White Paper 6 on Special Needs Education: Building an Inclusive Education and Training System.
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IZINCAZELO ZAMAKHONO OLIMINI LOKUQALA LOKWENGEZA
IBanga 10
IKhodi 6
L
IsiLinganiso 80-100% Impumelelo yamalengiso
IziNcazelo zamaKhono Ekupheleni kwebanga le-10 umfundi ophumelele ngamalengiso anga: ■ khuluma abuye ethule amathekisthi ngokuzethemba ngokuhambisana nangokuhlangana kwemicabango; khombisa ukuqaphela nokusebenzisa ulimi eveza uzwela nokuhlonipha; lalela ngokuhlolisisa ukuze abone, ahumushe, ahlaziye abuye achaze ulwazi ukufeza izinhloso ezahlukene; sebenzisa ulimi ngokushelelayo ezimweni ezahlukene zokuxhumana ekhombisa izimpawu ezijabulisayo zokubonisa imizwa. ■ bona, ahumushe, ahlaziye abuye achaze amathekisthi ngempumelelo nangokuzethemba lapho efunda nalapho ebukela; khombisa ukuqonda okuhle aphinde aphikelele ngokucacile ekuvikeleni imibono yakhe; funda ngokuphakamisa ekhombisa ukushelela nokubonisa imizwa ngamalengiso; khombisa uzwela emibonweni eyehlukene nasezindabeni zamasiko ezehlukene. ■ bhala abuye ethule amatheksthi aziqambele wona, ngokuhambisana nangokuhlangana kwemicabango nangokunembayo; guqula kufanele izethameli, izinhloso, izimo nezakhiwo ezehlukene; hlela imicabango nemibono ngendlela eqinile ekholekayo ebonisa ubufakazi bobuchule, ebonisa nesitayela sakhe esithuthukayo; buyekeza abuye ahlele umbhalo ngaphandle kokulekelelwa ukuqinisekisa intuthuko.
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IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
IBanga 11
IziNcazelo zamaKhono
IBanga 12
IziNcazelo zamaKhono
Ekupheleni kwebanga le-11 umfundi ophumelele ngamalengiso anga:
Ekupheleni kwebanga le-12 umfundi ophumelele ngamalengiso anga:
■ khuluma abuye ethule amathekisthi ngendlela eqinile ngokuzethemba, ngokuhambisana nangokuhlangana kwemicabango; qaphela nokusebenzisa ulimi oluveza ngokusobala uzwela nokuhlonipha; lalela ngokuhlolisisa ukuze abone, ahumushe, ahlaziye, abuye ahlolisise ulwazi ukufeza izinhloso ezahlukene; sebenzisa ulimi ngokushelelayo ezimweni ezehlukene zokuxhumana abuye akhombise izimpawu ezicacile zokubonisa imizwa.
■ khuluma abuye ethule amathekisthi ngendlela eqinile neqhubekayo ngokuzethemba, ngokuhambisana nangokuhlangana kwemicabango; khombisa ukuqaphela okuthuthuke kahle nokusebenzisa ulimi oluveza uzwela nokuhlonipha; lalela ngokuhlolisisa ukuze abone, ahumushe, ahlaziye ngendlela eyamukelekile abuye ahlolisise ulwazi ukufeza izinhloso ezehlukene; sebenzisa ulimi ngokushelelayo nangokubonisa imizwa ezimweni ahlukene eziningi zokuxhumana. ■ humusha, ahlaziye, ahlolisise abuye achaze amathekisthi ngempumelelo enkulu nangokuzethemba lapho efunda nalapho ebukela; khombisa ukuqonda okuhle kakhulu aphinde aphikelele ngokucacile ekuvikeleni imibono yakhe; funda ngokuphakamisa izwi ngendlela ebonisa imizwa neshelelayo ngamalengiso; khombisa uzwela emibonweni eyehlukene eminingi nasezindabeni zamasiko ezehlukene eziningi. ■ bhala abuye ethule amathekisthi aziqambele wona, anokuhambisana nokuhlangana kwemicabango nokunemba; guqula ngempumelelo kufanele izethameli, izinhloso, izimo nezakhiwo ezehlukene; hlela imicabango nemibono ngendlela eqinile, ekholekayo nenobuchule, ekhombisa ubufakazi besitayela sakhe esithuthukayo; buyekeza aphinde ahlele umbhalo ngaphandle kokulekelelwa ukuqinisekisa umbhalo owakheke kahle.
■ humusha, ahlaziye, ahlolisise abuye achaze amathekisthi ngempumelelo nangokuzethemba lapho efunda nalapho ebukela; khombisa ukuqonda okuhle kakhulu aphinde aphikelele ngokucacile ekuvikeleni imibono yakhe; funda ngokuphakamisa izwi ngendlela ebonisa imizwa neshelelayo ngamalengiso; khombisa uzwela emibonweni eyehlukene nasezindabeni ezehlukene zamasiko. ■ bhala abuye ethule amathekisthi aziqambele wona anokuhambisana, nokuhlangana kwemicabango nokunemba; guqula ngempumelelo kufanele izethameli, izinhloso, izimo nezakhiwo ezehlukene; hlela imicabango nemibono ngendlela eqinile, nekholekayo ekhombisa ubufazaki bobuchule, ebonisa nesitayela sakhe esithuthukayo; buyekeza aphinde ahlele umbhalo ngaphandle kokulekelelwa ukuqinisekisa intuthuko enkulu.
69
IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
IBanga 10
IKhodi 6
70
L
IsiLinganiso
80-100% Impumelelo yamalengiso (Iyaqhutshwa)
IziNcazelo zamaKhono ■ sebenzisa nezimiso izakhi zolimi ngokuzethemba nangokunemba; bona, ahumushe, abuye achaze umehluko odidanayo emiqondweni nasemisebenzini yamagama nezakhiwo zegama; bona, achaze abuye asebenzise izakhi zemisho ezinhlonhlobo ukufeza izinhloso zokusebenzisa ulimi njengokuba lusetshenziswa ezimweni zansuku zonke nokufeza izinhloso zemiphumela yesitayela; khombisa ukwazi kokusebenzisa uhlelo lolimi nolwazimagama ngamalengiso.
IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
IBanga 11
IziNcazelo zamaKhono ■ qonda nokusebenzisa izakhi nezimiso zolimi ngokuzethemba nangokunemba; bona, ahumushe abuye achaze umehluko odidanayo emiqondweni nasemisebenzini yamagama nezakhiwo zamagama; bona, achaze, ahlolisise abuye asebenzise izakhi zemisho ezinhlobonhlobo ukufeza izinhloso zokusebenzisa ulimi njengokuba lusetshenziswa ezimweni zansuku zonke nokufeza izinhloso zemiphumela wesitayela; khombisa ukwazi kokusebenzisa uhlelo lolimi nolwazimagama ngamalengiso.
IBanga 12
IziNcazelo zamaKhono ■ qonda nokusebenzisa nezimiso izakhi zolimi ngokuzethemba nangokunemba; bona, ahumushe abuye achaze umehluko odidanayo emiqondweni nasemisebenzini yamagama nezakhiwo zamagama; bona, achaze, ahlolisise abuye asebenzise izakhi zemisho eziningi ezinhlobonhlobo ukufeza izinhloso zokusebenzisa ulimi njengokuba lusetshenziswa ezimweni zansuku zonke nokufeza izinhloso zemiphumela wesitayela; khombisa ukwazi nolwazimagama ukwazi kokusebenzisa uhlelo lolimi nolwazimagama ngamalengiso.
71
IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
IBanga 10
IKhodi 5
L
IsiLinganiso
60-79% Impumelelo yeqophelo eliphezulu
IziNcazelo zamaKhono Ekupheleni kwebanga le-10 umfundi ophumelele ngeqophelo eliphezulu anga: ■ khuluma abuye ethule amathekisthi, ngokuhambisana nangokuhlangana kwemicabango nangokuzethemba ezikhathini eziningi; khombisa ukuqaphela okuthuthukayo nokusebenzisa ulimi eveza, uzwela nokuhlonipha; lalela ngokuhlolisisa ukuze abone, abuye humushe ulwazi ukufeza izinhloso ezahlukene kodwa ebonisaukungabaza uma ehlaziya futhi echaza; sebenzisa ulimi ngokushelelayo ezikhathini eziningi ezimweni zokuxhumana ezehlukene. ■ humusha abuye abone amathekisthi ngokuzethemba ezikhathini eziningi lapho efunda nalapho ebukela kodwa akhombise ukungabaza ngenkathi ehlaziya nalapho echaza; khombisa uqonda okuhle abuye aphikelele abuye asekele imibono yakhe kahle; funda ngokuphakamisa izwi ngokushelelayo nangokubonisa imizwa ngendlela enhle; khombisa uzwela emibonweni eyehlukene nasezindabeni zamasiko ezehlukene. ■ bhala abuye ethule ezikhathini eziningi amatheksthi aziqambele wona anokuhambisana nokuhlangana kwemicabango kodwa anokunemba okunciphayo; guqula kufanele izethameli, izinhloso, izimo nezakhiwo ezehlukene; hlela imicabango nemibono ngendlela enemininingwane, eqinile, ekholekayo kwezinye izikhathi nangobuchule, ekhombisa isitayela sakhe esithuthukayo; buyekeza abuye ahlele umbhalo ngaphandle kokwelekelelwa ezikhathini eziningi ukuqinisekisa intuthuko.
72
IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
IBanga 11
IziNcazelo zamaKhono
IBanga 12
IziNcazelo zamaKhono
Ekupheleni kwebanga le-11 umfundi ophumelele ngeqophelo eliphezulu anga:
Ekupheleni kwebanga le-12 umfundi ophumelele ngeqophelo eliphezulu anga:
■ khuluma ezikhathini eziningi abuye ethule amathekisthi, ngokuhambisana nangokuhlangana kwemicabango nangokuzethemba; khombisa ukuqaphela okuthuthukayo nokusebenzisa ulimi eveza uzwela nokuhlonipha; lalela ngokuhlolisisa ukuze abone abuye ahumushe ulwazi ukufeza izinhloso ezehlukene kepha akhombise ukungabaza lapho ehlaziya nalapho ehlolisisa; sebenzisa ulimi ngokushelelayo ezikhathini eziningi ezimweni zokuxhumana ezehlukene.
■ khuluma abuye ethule amathekisthi, ngokuhambisana, nangokuhlangana kwemicabango nangokuzethemba; khombisa ukuqaphela okukhulayo nokusebenzisa ulimi eveza, uzwela nokuhlonipha; lalela ngokuhlolisisa ukuze abone, ahumushe abuye ahlaziye ulwazi ukufeza izinhloso ezehlukene kepha akhombise ukungabaza ngenkathi ehlolisisa; sebenzisa ulimi ngokushelelayo ezikhathini eziningi ezimweni zokuxhumana ezehlukene.
■ humusha amathekisthi abuye awahlaziye ngokuzethemba ezikhathini eziningi lapho efunda nalapho ebukela kodwa akhombise ukungabaza lapho ehlolisisa nalapho echaza; khombisa ukuqonda okuhle abuye aphikelele abuye asekele imibono yakhe kahle; funda ngokuphakamisa izwi ngendlela eshelelayo nebonisa imizwa; khombisa uzwela emibonweni eyehlukene nasezindabeni zamasiko ezehlukene. ■ bhala abuye ethule ezikhathini eziningi amathekisthi aziqambele wona anokuhambisana nokuhlangana kwemicabango nokunemba; guqula kufanele izethameli, izinhloso, izimo nezakhiwo ezehlukene; hlela imicabango nemibono ezikhathini eziningi ngendlela eqinile, ekholekayo futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngobuchule, ekhombisa ubufakazi besitayela sakhe esithuthukayo; buyekeza ahlele umbhalo wakhe ngaphandle kokwelekelelwa ezikhathini eziningi ukuqinisekisa intuthuko. ■ qonda nokusebenzisa nezimiso izakhi zolimi
■ humusha amatheksthi abuye awahlaziye ngokuzethemba ezikhathini ezingi lapho efunda nalapho ebukela kodwa akhombise ukungabaza lapho ehlolisisa nalapho echaza; khombisa ukuqonda okuhle kakhulu abuye aphikelele abuye asekele imibono yakhe kahle; funda ngokuphakamisa izwi ngendlela eshelelayo nekhombisa ubugagu; khombisa uzwela emibonweni eyehlukene nasezindabeni zamasiko ezehlukene. ■ bhala abuye ethule ezikhathini eziningi amathekisthi aziqambele wona anokuhambisana nokuhlangana kwemicabango nokunemba; guqula kufanele izethameli, izinhloso, izimo nezakhiwo ezehlukene; hlela imicabango nemibono ezikhathini eziningi ngendlela enemininingwane, eqinile, ekholisayo ngezinye izikhathi ngobuchule; khombisa ubufakazi besitayela sakhe esithuthukayo; buyekeza ahlele umbhalo wakhe ngaphandle kokwelekelelwa ezikhathini eziningi ukuqinisekisa intuthuko.
73
IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
IBanga 10
IKhodi 5
74
L
IsiLinganiso
60-79% Impumelelo yeqophelo eliphezulu (Iyaqutshwa)
IziNcazelo zamaKhono ■ qonda nokuzisebenzisa izakhi nezimiso zolimi ezikhathini eziningi ngokunemba; bona ahumushe, ahlaziye, abuye achaze ezikhathini eziningi umehluko odidanayo phakathi kwemiqondo nemisebenzini yamagama nezakhiwo zamagama; bona, achaze abuye asebenzise izinhlobo zezakhi zemisho ezehlukene ukufeza izinhloso zokusebenzisa ulimi njengokuba lusetshenziswa ezimweni zansuku zonke ezikhathini eziningi nokufeza umphumela wesitayela ngezinye izikhathi kepha wenza amaphutha; khombisa ukwazi okuhle kokusebenzisa uhlelo lolimi nolwazimagama.
IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
IBanga 11
IziNcazelo zamaKhono ezikhathini eziningi zolimi ngokunemba okuthuthukayo; bona, ahumushe ahlaziye abuye achaze ezikhathini eziningi umehluko odidanayo emiqondweni nasemisebenzini yamagama nezakhiwo amagama; bona, achaze, ahlolisise abuye asebenzise izinhlobonhlobo zezakhi zomusho izinhloso ezehlukene ukufeza izinhloso zokusebenzisa ulimi njengokuba lusetshenziswa ezimweni zansuku zonke nokufeza izinhloso zomphumela wesitayela kodwa kwezinye izikhathi wenza amaphutha; khombisa ukwazi okuhle kakhulu kokusebenzisa uhlelo lolimi nolwazimagama.
IBanga 12
IziNcazelo zamaKhono ■ qonda nokusebenzisa zakhi nezimiso izolimi ezikhathini eziningi ngokunemba; bona, ahumushe abuye achaze ezikhathini eziningi umehluko odidanayo emiqondweni nasemisebenzini yamagama nezakhiwo amagama; bona, achaze, ahlolisise abuye asebenzise izinhlobonhlobo zezakhi zemisho ezehlukene ukufeza izinhloso zokusebenzisa ulimi njengokuba lusetshenziswa ezimweni zansuku zonke nokufeza izinhloso zomphumela wesitayela kodwa wenza amaphutha amancane; khombisa ukwazi okuhle kakhulu kokusebenzisa uhlelo lolimi nolwazimagama.
75
IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
IBanga 10
IKhodi 4
L
IsiLinganiso
50-59% Impumelelo ngezinga elamukelekayo
IziNcazelo zamaKhono kupheleni kwebanga le-10 umfundi ophumelele ngezinga elamukelekayo anga: ■ khuluma abuye ethule amathekisthi ngokuhambisana nangokuhlangana kwemicabango nangokuzethemba okwamukelekayo; khombisa ukuqaphela okwamukelekayo nokusebenzisa ulimi eveza uzwela, nokuhlonipha; lalela ngokuhlolisisa ukuze abone abuye ahumushe ulwazi ukufeza izinhloso ezehlukene kepha akhombise ukungabaza ngenkathi ehlaziya nalapho echaza; sebenzisa ulimi ngokushelelayo nangokubonisa imizwa okwamukelekayo ezimweni ezejwayelekile zokuxhumana. ■ bona abuye ahumushe amathekisthi ngokuzethemba okwamukelekayo lapho efunda nalapho ebukela kodwa udinga ukwelekelelwa lapho ehlaziya nalapho echaza; khombisa ukuqonda okwamukelekayo abuye kwezinye izikhathi aphikelele abuye asekele imibono yakhe; funda ngokuphakamisa izwi ngendlela eshelelayo nebonisa imizwa; khombisa uzwela olwamukelekayo emibonweni eyehlukene nasezindabeni zamasiko ezehlukene. ■ bhala abuye ethule amathekisthi anokuziqambela anokuhambisana nokuhlangana kwemicabango nangokunemba okwamukelekile; guqula ngokwamukelekile kufanele izethameli, izinhloso, izakhiwo nezimo ezehlukene; hlela ngokwelekelelwa imicabango nemibono ngendlela eyamukelekayo enemininingwane nokuqondisa kodwa umkhiqizo awubi nabo ubuchule nobufakazi besitayela sakhe; buyekeza abuye ahlele umbhalo ngokwelekelelwa ukuqinisekisa intuthuko.
76
IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
IBanga 11
IziNcazelo zamaKhono
IBanga 12
IziNcazelo zamaKhono
Ekupheleni kwebanga le-11 umfundi ophumelele ngezinga elamukelekayo anga:
Ekupheleni kwebanga le-12 umfundi ophumelele ngezinga elamukelekayo anga:
■ khuluma abuye ethule amathekisthi ngokuhambisana nangokuhlangana kwemicabango nangokuzethemba okwamukelekile; khombisa ukuqaphela okwamukelekile nokusetshenziswa kolimi eveza, uzwela nokuhlonipha; lalela ngokuhlolisisa ukuze abone abuye ahumushe ulwazi ukufeza izinhloso ezehlukene kodwa akhombise ukungabaza okuthile lapho ehlaziya nalapho ehlolisisa; sebenzisa ulimi ngokushelelayo nangokubonisa imizwa okwamukelekayo. ■ humusha abuye achaze amathekisthi ngokwamukelekile lapho efunda nalapho ebukela kepha udinga ukwelekelelwa lapho ehlaziya nalapho ehlolisisa; khombisa ukuqonda okwamukelekayo ngezinye izikhathi aphikelele abuye asekele imibono yakhe; funda ngokuphakamisa izwi ngendlela eshelelayo nebonisa imizwa; khombisa uzwela olwamukelekayo emibonweni eyahlukene nasezindabeni zamasiko. ■ bhala abuye ethule amathekisthi anokuziqambela anokuhambisana, nokuhlangana kwemicabango nokunemba okwamukelekayo; guqula ngokwamukelekayo kufanele izethameli, izinhloso, izimo nezakhiwo ezehlukene; hlela imicabango nezizathu zokusekela imibono ngokwelekelelwa ngendlela enemininingwane neqondile kepha ngezinye izikhathi umsebenzi awubinabo ubuchule kanye nobufakazi besitayela sakhe; buyekeza aphinde ahlele ngokwelekelelwa ukuqinisekisa intuthuko.
■ khuluma abuye ethule amathekisthi ngokuhambisana nangokuhlangana kwemicabango nangokuzethemba okwamukelekile; khombisa ukuqaphela okumukalekile nokusetshenziswa kolimi eveza, uzwela nokuhlonipha; lalela ngokuhlolisisa ukuze abone futhi ahumushe ulwazi ukufeza izinhloso ezahlukene kodwa akhombise ukungabaza okuthile lapho ehlolisisa nalapho ehlaziya; sebenzisa ulimi ngokushelelayo nangokubonisa imizwa okwamukelekayo. ■ humusha abuye achaze amathekisthi lapho efunda nalapho ebukela kepha udinga ukwelekelelwa lapho ehlaziya nalapho ehlolisisa; khombisa ukuqonda okwamukelekayo abuye aphikelele asekele imibono yakhe; funda ngokuphakamisa izwi ngendlela eshelelayo nebonisa imizwa; khombisa uzwela olwamukelekayo emibonweni eyehlukene nasezindabeni zamasiko ezehlukene. ■ bhala abuye ethule amathekisthi anokuziqambela, anokuhambisana nokuhlangana kwemicabango nokunemba okwamukelekayo; guqula ngokwamukelekayo kufanele izethameli, izinhloso, izimo nezakhiwo ezehlukene; hlela imicabango neziphakamiso ngobuchule ngokwelekelelwa okuthile ngendlela enemininingwane nokuqondisa ekhombisa ubufakazi obamukelekayo besitayela sakhe; buyekeza aphinde ahlele umbhalo ngokwelekelelwa ukuqinisekisa intuthuko.
77
IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
IBanga 10
IKhodi 4
78
L
IsiLinganiso
50-59% Impumelelo ngezinga elamukelekayo (Ziyaqhutshwa)
IziNcazelo zamaKhono ■ qonda abuye asebenzise izakhi nezimiso zolimi kodwa akanembi njalo; bona abuye ahumushe umehluko emiqondweni nasemisebenzini yamagama nezakhiwo zamagama ngokunemba okwamukelekile kepha ahlangabezane nobunzima lapho echaza umehluko odidanayo; bona nokusebenzisa izakhi zemisho ezehlukene ukufeza izinhloso zokusebenzisa ulimi njengokuba lusetshenziswa ezimweni zansuku zonke nokufeza izinhloso zomphumela wesitayela ngezinye izikhathi kodwa wenza amaphutha lapho echaza; khombisa ukwazi okwamukelekayo kokusebenzisa uhlelo lolimi nolwazimagama.
IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
IBanga 11
IziNcazelo zamaKhono ■ qonda abuye asebenzise izakhi nezimiso zolimi ngokunemba okwamukelekayo; bona abuye ahumushe umehluko emiqondweni nasemsebenzini yamagama nezakhiwo zamagama ngokunemba okwamukelekile kodwa ahlangabezane nobunzima lapho echaza umehluko odidanayo; bona abuye asebenzise izinhlobo zezakhi zemisho ezehlukene ukufeza izinhloso zokusebenzisa ulimi ezimweni zansuku zonke ngezinye izikhathi ukufeza izinhloso zomphumela wesitayela kodwa wenza amaphutha uma echaza nalapho ehlolisisa; khombisa ukwazi okwamukelekayo kokusebenzisa uhlelo lolimi nolwazimagama.
IBanga 12
IziNcazelo zamaKhono ■ qonda abuye asebenzise nezimiso izakhi zolimi ngokunemba okwamukelekayo abuye ahumushe umehluko emiqondweni nasemisebezini yamagama nezakhiwo zamagama ngokunemba okwamukelekile kepha ngezinye izikhathi ahlangabezane nobunzima lapho echaza umehluko odidanayo; bona, achaze, ahlolisise abuye asebenzise izinhlobo zezakhi zemisho ezehlukene ukufeza izinhloso zokusebenzisa ulimi njengokuba lusetshenziswa njengokuba lusetshenziswa ezimweni zansuku zonke futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukufeza izinhloso zomphumela wesitayela kodwa wenza amaphutha asobala; khombisa ukwazi okwamukelekayo kokusebenzisa uhlelo lolimi nolwazimagama.
79
IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
IBanga 10
IKhodi 3
L
IsiLinganiso 40-49% Iphumelele ngokwanele
IziNcazelo zamaKhono Ekupheleni kwebanga le-10 umfundi ophumelele ngokwanele anga: ■ khuluma abuye ethule amathekisthi ngokugqugquzelwa kodwa ngokungahambisani nangokungahlangani kwemicabango njalo; khombisa ukuqaphela okwanele nokusebenzisa ulimi eveza uzwela nenhlonipho; lalela ukuze abone abuye ahumushe ngokwanele ulwazi kodwa ahlangabezane nobunzima bokulalela ngokuhlolisisa nasekuhlaziyeni nasekuchazeni; sebenzisa ulimi ngokushelela okwanele ezimweni zokuxhumana ezijwayelekile kepha angabonisi imizwa. ■ bona abuye ahumushe ngokwanele amathekisthi ngokwelekelelwa lapho efunda nalapho ebukela kodwa ahlangabezane nobunzima ngisho elekelelwa lapho ehlaziya nalapho echaza; bonisa ukuqonda okwanele abuye anikeze nemibono yakhe futhi ngezinye izikhathi ayisekele; funda ngokuphakamisa izwi ngendlela eshelelayo nebonisa imizwa ngokwanele; khombisa ngokwaneleuzwela emibonweni eyehlukene nasezindabeni zamasiko ezehlukene. ■ qaphela ngokwanele okuziqambela, ukuhambisana nokuhlangana kwemicabango, nokunemba lapho ebhala nalapho ethula guqula ngokwanele kufanele izethameli, izinhloso, izimo nezakhiwo ezehlukene; kha imicabango neziphakamiso ezinemininingwane nokuqondisa okuncane futhi udinga usizo njalo; khombisa ngezinye izikhathi ubufakazi obanele besitayela sakhe; buyekeza abuye ahlele umbhalo ngokwelekelelwa ukuqinisekisa intuthuko eyanele.
80
IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
IBanga 11
IziNcazelo zamaKhono
IBanga 12
IziNcazelo zamaKhono
Ekupheleni kwebanga le-11 umfundi ophumelele ngokwanele anga:
Ekupheleni kwebanga le-12 umfundi ophumelele ngokwanele anga:
■ khuluma abuye ethule amathekisthi ngokugqugquzelwa kodwa ngokungahambisani nokungahlangani kwemicabango njalo; khombisa ukuqaphela okwanele nokusebenzisa ulimi eveza uzwela kanye nenhlonipho; lalela ngokuhlolisisa okwanele ukuze abone abuye ahumushe ulwazi kepha uhlangabezana nobunzima lapho ehlaziya nalapho ehlolisisa; sebenzisa ulimi ngokushelela nokubonisa imizwa ngokwanele ezimweni ezejwayelekile zokuxhumana. ■ humusha amathekisthi ngokwanele lapho efunda nalapho ebukela kepha ahlangabezane nobunzima lapho ehlaziya nalapho ehlolisisa nokuchaza ulwazi; khombisa ukuqonda okwanele abuye anikeze imibono yakhe abuye ayisekele; funda ngokuphakamisa izwi ngendlela eshelelayo nebonisa imizwa; khombisa uzwela olwanele emibonweni eyehlukene nasezindabeni zamasiko ezehlukene.
■ khuluma abuye ethule amathekisthi ngokuhambisana nangokuhlangana kwemicabango ngokuqhikanyezwa okuthile; khombisa ukuqaphela nokusebenzisa ulimi eveza, uzwela kanye nenhlonipho; lalela ngokuhlolisisa okwanele ukuze abone abuye ahumushe ulwazi kepha uhlangabezana nobunzima lapho ehlaziya nalapho ehlolisisa; sebenzisa ulimi ngokushelela okwanele ezimweni ezejwayelekile kodwa ngezinye izakhathi angabonisi imizwa. ■ humusha amathekisthi ngokwanele lapho efunda nalapho ebukela kepha ahlangabezane nobunzima ngisho elekelelwa lapho ehlaziya, ehlolisisa nalapho echaza ulwazi; khombisa ukuqonda okwanele abuye anikeze imibono yakhe futhi ngezinye izikhathi ayisekele; funda ngokuphakamisa izwi ngendlela eshelelayo nebonisa, imizwa; khombisa uzwela olwanele emibonweni eyehlukene nasezindabeni zamasiko ezehlukene. ■ qaphela ngokwanele ukuhambisana nokuhlangana kwemicabango, ukuziqambela, nokunemba; guqula ngokwanele kufanele izethameli, izinhloso, izimo nezakhiwo ezehlukene; kha imicabango neziphakamiso ezinemininingwane nokuqondisa okuthile futhi udinga ukwelekelelwa; khombisa ubufakazi obanele besitayela sakhe; buyekeza abuye ahlele umbhalo ngokwelekelelwa ukuqinisekisa intuthuko eyanele.
■ qaphela ngokwanele ukuziqambela ukuhambisana nokuhlangana kwemicabango, ukuziqambela, nokunemba; guqula ngokwanele kufanele izethameli, izinhloso, izimo nezakhiwo ezehlukene; kha ngokwanele imicabango neziphakamiso kodwa kube nemininingwane nokuqondisa okuncane futhi udinga ukwelekelelwa njalo; khombisa ubufakazi obanele besitayela sakhe; buyekeza abuye ahlele umbhalo ngokwelekelelwa ukuqinisekisa intuthuko eyanele.
81
IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
IBanga 10
IKhodi 3
82
L
IsiLinganiso
40-49% Impumelelo ngokwanele (Iyaqhutshwa)
IziNcazelo zamaKhono ■ qonda abuye asebenzise izakhi nezimiso zolimi ngokwanele kepha wenza amaphutha amaningi okunganakeleli; bona abuye ahumushe ngokwanele umehluko emiqondweni nasemisebenzini yamagama nezakhiwo zamagama ngokwanele kepha ahlangabezane nobunzima obukhulu uma echaza imisebenzi yemisuka yegama; bona, achaze abuye asebenzise izakhi zemisho ezehlukene ebonisa ngokwanele ukufeza izinhloso zokusebenzisa ulimi njengokuba lusetshenziswa ezimweni zansuku zonke kepha uvame ukwenza amaphutha amabi; khombisa ukwazi okwanele kokusebenzisa uhlelo lolimi nolwazimagama.
IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
IBanga 11
IziNcazelo zamaKhono ■ qonda abuye asebenzise izakhi nezimiso zolimi ngokwanele kepha wenza amaphutha okunganakekeli; bona abuye ahumushe ngokwanele umehluko emiqondweni nasemisebenzini yamagama nezakhiwo zamagama kepha ahlangabezane nobunzima obukhulu lapho echaza imisebenzi yemisuka yegama; bona, achaze ahlolisise, abuye asebenzise ngokwanele izakhi zemisho ukufeza izinhloso zokusebenzisa ulimi njengokuba lusetshenziswa ezimweni zansuku zonke kepha avame ukwenza amaphutha amabi; khombisa ukwazi okwanele kokusebenzisa uhlelo lolimi nolwazimagama.
IBanga 12
IziNcazelo zamaKhono ■ qonda abuye asebenzise izakhi nezimiso zolimi ngokwanele kepha akakwazi ukuzisebenzisa ngokunemba njalo; bona, abuye ahumushe ngokwanele ngokwanele umehluko emiqondweni nasemisebenzini yamagama nezakhiwo zegama kepha ahlangabezane nobunzima lapho echaza imisebenzi yemisuka yegama; bona, ahlolisise achaze abuye asebenzise ngokwanele izakhi zemisho ezehlukene ukufeza izinhloso zokusebenzisa ulimi njengokuba lusetshenziswa ezimweni zansuku zonke kepha wenza amaphutha asobala; khombisa ukwazi okwanele kokusebenzisa uhlelo lolimi nolwazimagama.
83
IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
IBanga 10
IKhodi 2
L
IsiLinganiso
30-39% Impumelelo ngokuyingxenye
IziNcazelo zamaKhono Ekupheleni kwebanga le-10 umfundi ophumelele ukuzuza ingxenye anga: ■ khuluma abuye ethule amathekisthi kodwa ngokungabaza okukhulu futhi akavami ukukwenza ngokuhambisana nangokuhlangana kwemicabango; thukela qaphela nokusebenzisa ulimi eveza uzwela nokuhlonipha; lalela hle angalaleli ngokuhlolisisa ukuze abone, ahumushe, ahlaziye noma achaze ulwazi; hle angasebenzisi ulimi ngokushelela noma ngokubonisa imizwa ezimweni ezijwayelekile zokuxhumana. ■ thukela ebona abuye ahumushe amathekisthi ngisho elekelelwa lapho efunda nalapho ebukela abuye ahlangabezane nobunzima obukhulu lapho ehlaziya nalapho echaza ulwazi; thukela ekhombisa ukuqonda noma ukunikeza imibono yakhe futhi angahle angasebenzisi ; funda ngokuphakamisa izwi ngokunqamuka, ngendlela eshelelayo nebonisa imizwa ngokungaphelele; thukela ekhombisa uzwela mibonweni eyehlukene nasezindabeni zamasiko ezehlukene. ■ bhala abuye ethule amathekisthi kepha angavamile ukubonisa ukuziqambela ukuhambisana nokuhlangana kwemicabango noma ukunemba; hle angaguquli kufanele izethameli, izinhloso, izimo nezakhiwo ezehlukene; kha imicabango neziphakamiso ngokungavamile ngisho elekelelwa njalo; khombisa kanzima ubufakazi besitayela sakhe; buyekeza ahlele umbhalo kepha akavami ukubona amaphutha futhi udinga ukwelekelelwa njalo.
84
IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
IBanga 11
IziNcazelo zamaKhono
IBanga 12
IziNcazelo zamaKhono
Ekupheleni kwebanga le-11 umfundi ophumelele ukuzuza ingxenye anga:
Ekupheleni kwebanga le-12 umfundi ophumelele ukuzuza ingxenye anga:
■ khuluma abuye ethule amathekisthi kodwa ngokungabaza futhi akavami ukukwenza ngokuhambisana nangokuhlangana kwemicabango; qaphela nokusebenzisa ulimi okungaphelele eveza uzwela nokuhlonipha; hle angalaleli lalela kanzima ngokuhlolisisa ukuze abone, ahumushe, ahlaziye noma ahlolisise ulwazi; thukela esebenzisa ulimi ngokushelelayo ezimweni zokuxhumana ezijwayelekile kepha angahle angabonisi kanzima ngokubonisa imizwa. ■ thukela ehumusha amathekisthi ngisho ngokwelekelelwa njalo lapho efunda nalapho ebukela kodwa uhlangabezana nobunzima obukhulu lapho ehlaziya, ehlolisisa nalapho echaza ulwazi; thukela ekhombisa ukuqonda okungaphelele unikeza imibono kanzima futhi ayisekele kanzima; funda ngokuphakamisa izwi ngokunqamuka futhi kanzima ngokubonisa imizwa nangokushelelayo; thukela ekhombisa uzwela emibonweni eyahlukene nasezindabeni zamasiko ezehlukene. ■ bhala ethule amathekisthi kepha angavamile ukubonisa ukuziqambela ukuhambisana, nokuhlangana kwemicabango, ukuba noma ukunembe; hle angaguquli kufanele izethameli, izinhloso, izimo nezakhiwo ezehlukene; kha kanzima imicabango neziphakamiso kodwa udinga ukwelekelelwa njalo; khombisa kanzima ubufakazi besitayela sakhe; buyekeza abuye ahlele umbhalo kuphela ngokwelekelelwa njalo.
■ khuluma abuye ethule amathekisthi kodwa ngokungabaza futhi akavami ukukwenza, ngokuhambisana nangokuhlangana kwemicabango; qaphela nokusebenzisa ulimi okungaphelele eveza uzwela nokuhlonipha; thukela elalela ngokuhlolisisa ukuze abone, ahumushe, ahlaziye noma ahlolisise ulwazi; thukela esebenzisa ulimi ngokushelelayo ezimweni zokuxhumana ezijwayelekile futhi ngokubonisa imizwa okungaphelele. ■ thukela ehumusha ngokwelekelelwa amathekisthi lapho efunda nalapho ebukela kodwa ahlangabezane nobunzima uma ehlaziya, ehlolisisa nalapho echaza ulwazi; khombisa ukuqonda okungaphelele futhi akavamile ukunikeza imibono nokuyisekela; funda ngokuphakamisa izwi ngokunqamuka kanzima ngokushelelayo nangokubonisa imizwa; ngendlela eshelelayo nekhombisa ubugagu kanzima; thukela ekhombisa uzwela emibonweni eyahlukene nasezindabeni zamasiko ezehlukene. ■ bhala abuye ethule amathekisthi kepha angavamile ukubonisa ukuziqambela ukuhambisana kwemicabango, nokuhlangana ukuba noma ukunemba; guqula ngokungavamile kufanele izethameli, izinhloso, izimo nezakhiwo ezehlukene; akha kanzima kuphela imicabango neziphakamiso futhi udinga ukwelekelelwa; khombisa kanzima ubufakazi besitayela sakhe; buyekeza abuye ahlele umbhalo kuphela ngokwelekelelwa.
85
IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
IBanga 10
IKhodi 2
86
L
IsiLinganiso
30-39% Impumelelo eyingxenye (Iyaqhutshwa)
IziNcazelo zamaKhono ■ hle angaziqonda izakhi nezimiso zolimi futhi uzisebenzisa ngokungemukelekile; thukela ebona ahumushe umehluko emiqondweni nasemisebenzini yamagama nezakhiwo zamagama kodwa uhlangabezana nobunzima obukhulu ekuchazeni imisebenzi yemisuka yegama; hle angaboni angachazi abuye angasebenzisi izakhi zemisho ezehlukene ngokwamukelekile ukufeza izinhloso zokusebenzisa ulimi njengokuba lusetshenziswa ezimweni zansuku zonke futhi uvame ukwenza amaphutha amaningi amabi; bonisa ukwazi okungaphelele kokusebenzisa uhlelo lolimi nolwazimagama.
IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
IBanga 11
IziNcazelo zamaKhono ■ hle angaziqondi kanzima izakhi nezimiso zolimi futhi uzisebenzisa izikhathi eziningi ngokungemukelekile; thukela ebona abuye ahumushe umehluko emiqondweni nasezakhiweni zamagama kodwa uvame ukuhlangabenzana nobunzima ekuchazeni imisebenzi yemisuka yamagama; hle angaboni angahlolisisi abuye angasebenzisi izakhi zemisho ezehlukene ukufeza izinhloso zokusebenzisa ulimi njengokuba lusetshenziswa ezimweni zansuku zonke futhi uvame ukwenza amaphutha amabi; khombisa ukwazi okungaphelele kokusebenzisa uhlelo lolimi nolwazimagama.
IBanga 12
IziNcazelo zamaKhono ■ hle angaziqondi nezimiso izakhi zolimi futhi ahlangabezane nobunzima ekuzisebenziseni ngokuwamukelekile; thukela ebona abuye ahumushe umehluko emiqondweni nasezakhiweni zegama abuye avame ukuhlangabezana nobunzima ekuchazeni imisebenzi yemisuka yamagama; bona, achaze abuye asebenzise ahlolisise ngokungavamile izakhi zemisho ezehlukene ukufeza izinhloso zokusebenzisa ulimi njengokuba lusetshenziswa ezimweni zansuku zonke futhi uvame ukwenza umaphutha amabi; khombisa ukwazi okungaphelele kokusebenzisa uhlelo lolimi nolwazimagama.
87
IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
IBanga 10
IKhodi 1
L
IsiLinganiso
0-29% Impumelelo Ngokungenele
IziNcazelo zamaKhono Ekupheleni kwebanga le-10 umfundi ophumelele ngokunganelanga anga: ■ khuluma abuye ethule amathekisthi ngokungathandi okukhulu nokunqamuka izikhathi ezinde ngokungahambisani nangokungahlangani kwemicabango; hle angakhombisi kakhulu ukuqaphela nokusebenzisa ulimi eveza, uzwela nenhlonipho; hle angalaleli kakhulu ngokuhlolisisa ukuze abone, ahumushe, ahlaziye noma achaze ulwazi ngisho elekelelwa; sebenzisa kanzima kakhulu ulimi ngokushelelayo noma ngokubonisa imizwa ezimweni ezijwayelekile zokuxhumana. ■ bona, ahumushe, ahlaziye noma achaze amathekisthi kanzima kakhulu lapho efunda nalapho ebukela; hle angatshengisi kakhulu ukuqonda nokunikeza imibono noma ukuyisekela; funda ngokuphakamisa izwi kanzima kakhulu ngokushelelayo nangokubonisa imizwa; khombisa uzwela olungaphelele kakhulu emibonweni eyehlukene nasezindabeni zamasiko ezehlukene. ■ bhala abuye ethule kepha amathekisthi awanakho ukuziqambela, ukuhambisana, nokuhlangana kwemicabango noma ukunemba; khombisa ukungaqapheli izethameli izinhloso, izimo ngenxa yokungahumushi kahle nokusetshenziswa kolimi okusezingeni eliphansi; hle angakhi amathekisthi agcwele amaphutha amabi futhi angenamqondo; nezakhiwo ezehlukene; kha kanzinyana imicabango neziphakamiso ngisho nokusekela abuye angakhombisi nesincane isitayela sakhe; hluleka ukukhombisa ubufakazi bokuhlela noma bokubuyekeza ngisho elekelelwa kakhulu.
88
IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
IBanga 11
IziNcazelo zamaKhono
IBanga 12
IziNcazelo zamaKhono
Ekupheleni kwebanga le-11 umfundi ophumelele ngokungenele anga:
Ekupheleni kwebanga le-12 umfundi ophumelele ngokungenele anga:
■ khuluma abuye ethule amathekisthi ngokungathandi okukhulu nokunqamuka izikhathi eziningi, ngokungahambisani nangokungahlangani kwemicabango; hle angakhombisi kanzima kakhulu ukuqaphela nokusebenzisa ulimi eveza uzwela nenhlonipho; hle angalaleli kakhulu ngokuhlolisisa ukuze ahumushe, achaze, ahlaziye noma, ahlolisise ulwazi; hle angasebenzisi kakhulu ulimi ngokushelelayo noma ngokubonisa imizwa ezimweni ezijwayelekile zokuxhumana. ■ humusha kanzima kakhulu amathekisthi lapho efunda nalapho ebukela abuye ahlangabezane nobunzima obukhulu lapho ehlaziya, ehlolisisa noma echaza; hle angatshengisi kakhulu ukuqonda nokunikeza imibono noma ukuyisekela; funda ngokuphakamisa izwi kodwa kabi futhi angabonisi kakhulu imizwa nangokushelelayo; khombisa uzwela olungaphelele kakhulu emibonweni eyehlukene nasezindabeni zamasiko ezehlukene. ■ bhala abuye ethule amathekisthi kepha ngahle angakhombisi ukuziqambela ukuhambisana nokuhlangana kwemicabango noma ukunemba; khombisa ukungaqapheli izethameli izinhloso, izimo nezakhiwo; hle angakhi amathekisthi agcwele amaphutha amabi futhi cishe angabi namqondo ngenxa yokungahumushi kahle nokusetshenziswa kolimi okusezingeni eliphansi; hle angakhi kakhulu imicabango nokusekela abuye angakhombisi nesincane isitayela sakhe; hluleka ukukhombisa ubufakazi bokuhlela noma bokubuyekeza ngisho elekelelwa kakhulu;
■ khuluma nokwethula amathekisthi ngokungathandi okukhulu ngokungahambisani nangokungahlangani kwemicabango; hle angakhombisi kakhulu ukuqaphela nokusebenzisa ulimi eveza uzwela nenhlonipho; hle angalaleli kakhulu ngokuhlolisisa ukuze abone, ahumushe, ahlaziye noma ahlolisise ulwazi; hle angasebenzisi kakhulu ulimi ngokushelelayo noma ngokubonisa imizwa ezimweni ezijwayelekile zokuxhumana. ■ humusha kanzima kakhulu amathekisthi lapho efunda nalapho ebukela abuye ahlangabezane nobunzima obukhulu lapho ehlaziya, ehlolisisa noma echaza; hle angatshengisi kakhulu ukuqonda nokunikeza imibono noma ukuyisekela; funda ngokuphakamisa izwi kodwa kabi futhi angabonisi kakhulu imizwa nangokushelelayo; khombise uzwela olungaphelele kakhulu emibonweni eyahlukene nasezindabeni zamasiko ezehlukene. ■ bhala abuye ethule amathekisthi kepha ngahle angakhombisi ukuziqambela ukuhambisana nokungahlangana kwemicabango, noma ukunemba; khombisa ukungaqapheli izethameli izinhloso, izimo nezakhiwo zezokuxhumana; hle angakhi amathekisthi agcwele amaphutha amabi futhi cishe angabi namqondo ngenxa yokungahumushi kahle nokusetshenziswa kolimi okusezingeni eliphansi; hle angakhi kakhulu imicabango nokusekela abuye angakhombisi nesicane isitayela sakhe; hluleka ukukhombisa ubufakazi bokuhlela noma bokubuyekeza ngisho elekelelwa kakhulu;
89
IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
IBanga 10
IKhodi 1
90
L
IsiLinganiso
0-29% Impumelelo ngokungenele (Kuyaqhutshwa)
IziNcazelo zamaKhono ■ hle angaziqondi kakhulu izakhi nezimiso zolimi; bona, ahumushe abuye achaze kanzima kakhulu umehluko emiqondweni nasemisebenzini yamagama nasezakhiweni zamagama; khombisa kanzima kakhulu ukuqonda imisuka yegama; hle angakhombisi ukuhluleka ukwakha noma ukusebenzisa imisho ngokwamukelekile ebonisa ukusebenzisa ulimi njengokuba lusetshenziswa ezimweni zansuku zonke noma ukubonisa ukwazi ukusebenzisa uhlelo lolimi nolwazimagama.
IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
IBanga 11
IziNcazelo zamaKhono ■ hle angaziqondi kakhulu izakhi izimiso zolimi; bona, ahumushe, nokuchaza kanzima kakhulu umehluko emiqondweni nasemisebenzini yamagama nasezakhiweni zamagama; khombisa kanzima kakhulu ukuqonda imisebenzi yemisuka yegama; hle angakhombisi ukuhluleka ukwakha noma ukusebenzisa imisho ngendlela eyamukelekile ebonisa ukusebenzisa ulimi njengokuba lusetshenziswa ezimweni zansuku zonke noma ukukhombisa ukwazi ukusebenzisa uhlelo lolimi nolwazimagama.
IBanga 12
IziNcazelo zamaKhono ■ hle angaziqondi kakhulu izakhi nezimiso zolimi; bona, ahumushe nokuchaza kanzima angahumushi, angahlaziyi umehluko emiqondweni nasemisebenzini yamagama nasezakhiweni zamagama; khombisa ukuqonda okusezingeni eliphansi kakhulu imisebenzi yemisuka yegama; khombisa ukuhluleka ukwakha noma ukusebenzisa imisho ngendlela eyamukelekile ebonisa ukusebenzisa ulimi njengokuba lusetshenziswa ezimweni zansuku zonke noma ukukhombisa ukwazi ukusebenzisa uhlelo lolimi nolwazimagama.
91
IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
92
IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
IGLOSARI abafundi abanezingqinamba – abafundi abanezihibe ekufundeni ezingaholela ekuthini bangaphumbeleli ama-akhronimi/ amagamamfingqwa – izinhlamvu ezisetshenziswa ukufingqa lelo nalelo gama amafulowushadi – izithombe ezikhombisa ukulandelana komnyakazo amagama anezincazelo ezintsha – amagama asezuze incazelo entsha ngaphezu kwaleyo ncazelo anayo (Isib. ukukhipha: ukususa into endaweni yayo; ukuthatha umuntu umyise endaweni yokujabula) amagama asuselwe kwamanye – amagama anesiqalo esingefani abe nomsuka nesiqu esifanayo (Isib. umuntu; isi-ntu; ulu-ntu) amagama endabuko – amagama angasasetshenziswa asamelwa amanye amagama olimini (Isib. isigqiki, umthimba, ikhetho) amagugu esizwe – ilokhu okuwumgogodla okwaziswayo nokukhonzwe isizwe amarubrikhi – indlela elandelwayo uma kunikwa imiklomelo ngomsebenzi womfundi kulandelwa imigomo ethile amasu obuciko – amasu asetshenziswa isikhulumi ukubonisa noma ukukholisa izethameli (Isib. ukuhlaba ikhefu, ukuphindaphinda, ukuzeka indatshana eyake yavelela isikhulumi) amathekisthi – okwethulwa ngomlomo, okulotshiwe noma okubukelwayo kanye nolimi lwezimpawu olwedlulisa umyalezo ezethamelini noma kumfundi amaZinga okuHlola – avela emiPhumeleni esemQoka kanye neThuthukisayo abuye asho nokuthi yini abafundi abafanele ukuyazi futhi bakwazi ukuyenza ekupheleni kwesigaba noma ibanga amathekisthi adlulisa imilayezo – izincwadi, amaminithi, imibiko, idayari, umlando womufi i-asayinimenti (umsebenzi wophenyo) – umsebenzi owabelwe umfundi ukuba awenze ngesikhathi sakhe ibalazwe lengqondo lokukhumbula – ukubekwa kwendikimba noma kwesihloko lapho amagama nemibono esemqoka kuhlelwa ngokugqamileyo ibhuku lokubika malanga onke(idayari) – ibhuku okubhalwa kulo zonke izehlakalo nezinhlelo nsuku zonke ifanangwaqa – lisho ukuphinda ongwaqa abafanayo emgqeni ukuze kuvele isigqi (Isib. Zwilileka ngizwe lobuzwilili) ifanankamisa – lisho ukuphinda umsindo wonkamisa abafanayo (Isib. Yashosholoza intinginono ewuncondo)
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IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
ifuzamsindo – lapha kusetshenziswa igama elimsindo walo ufana nomsindo lowo osuke uchazwa. Lilingisa umsindo owenziwa yinto ethile ephilayo noma engaphili. Lowo umsindo ofuze umsindo owenziwa enye into (Isib. UMelusi wavuswa ubugodlogodlo besitimela) ijagoni – amatemu angavamile asetshenziswa emsebenzini noma eqenjini elithile (Isib. abasebenza ngamakhompyutha bakhuluma nge-“CPU”, “RAM”, njll.). Uma ijagoni isetshenziselwe ukubandlulula izethameli ekubambeni iqhaza kungakhubaza futhi kungaba yingozi ihaba – liwukwandisa lokho okukhulunywa ngakho kuzwakale sengathi kukhulu kakhulu kunalokho okuyikhona ngempela (Isib. Isigelekeqe sangibuka ngezimbokodwe zamehlo). ikhadi lokubika – ikhadi elinemininingwane yemiphumela yomfundi inkulumohlaya – umusho/ isaga noma umbono osusetshenziswe kaningi kangangoba usuze walahlekelwa umfutho ilithothisi – lapha kusetshenziswa amagama noma izakhi ezikhomba ukuphika ngaphambi kwegama elithize ukuze lelo gama liveze umqondo ovumayo. Inhloso yokusisebenzisa kungaba ukuhlekisa noma ukugcizelela umqondo ovumayo okukhulunywa ngawo (Isib. Yisedeleli esingesincane neze leso) imFundo ePhakeme – yimfundo eyenzeka emva kwebanga leshumi nambili njengaseyunivesithi, ethekhinikhoni imibhalo – okufundwayo ( Isib. amanoveli, imidlalo, ama-eseyi, ubuciko bomlomo, izindaba ezimfushane, izinkondlo) amazinga okuHlola – avela emiPhumeleni esemQoka kanye neThuthukisayo abuye asho nokuthi yini abafundi abafanele ukuyazi futhi bakwazi ukuyenza ekupheleni kwesigaba noma ibanga imiPhumela enqala – ihlangene nemiPhumela eThuthukisayo, imiphumela ebalulekile yesiTatimende soHlelo lweziFundo lukaZwelonke, esibukeziwe samaBanga-10 – 12 (UmGudu wokuFunda Jikelele) egqugquzelwa ngumThethosisekelo. Ibandakanyana amakhono empilo yabafundi, njengokuxhumana, ukucabanga ngokuhlolisisa, ukwenza kanye nokwazi ukuphatha umsebenzi weqembu kanye nowomphakathi, kanye nokuvivinywa kwamakhono imiPhumela eThuthukisayo – ihlangene nemiPhumela Sisekelo nemiphumela ebalulekile yesISitatimende Sikazwelonke Sohlelo Lwezifundo samabanga 10 – 12 (UmGudu wokuFunda Jikelele) ezigqugquzelwa nguMthetho-sisekelo zibandakanya ukwenza abafundi bakwazi ukufunda ngokuyimpumelelo, babe ngabenza okufanele, abazwelayo nezakhamuizi eziyizibonelo imithomboyolwazi – yilapho sithola khona ulwazi (Isib. Iziqukathilwazi, izichazamazwi) imvumelwano – imvumelwano ukuphindwa kwemisindo ethile ekuqaleni ngaphakathi nasekugcineni kwemigqa ebinzeni (Isib. Ezikhathini zakudala, Okhokho baBejabula….)
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IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
incazelo egudliselayo – incazelo etholakala kumathekisthi ibe ingabekiwe obala incazelo eqondile – incazelo etholakala kumathekisthi ebekwe obala indida – ukubeka inkulumo ngendlela ephicayo engqondweni ingqikithi – umongo walokho okuxhunyanwa ngakho inkolelo engaguqukiyo – ukubuka uhlobo oluthile lomuntu ongaguqukiyo novame ukuba nobandlululo (Isib. umuntu wesifazane, umuntu ovela kwelinye izwe, umfundisi webandla) i-okzimoroni – ukusetshenziswa kwamazwi ndawonye amqondo wawo uphikisanayo (Isib. UJabulani ukhathazwa ubugqili benkululeko) ipharonimi – amagama abolekiwe anesakhiwo esifanayo nesamagama ayimvelaphi yawo iphimbo – iphimbo ledlulisa umyalezo wamathekisthi. Ezithombeni zebhayisikobho iphimbo lingakhiwa ngomculo noma indlela umdlalo ohleleke ngayo esiteji iphothifoliyo (iqoqombhalo) – ubufakazi obubekiweyo bomsebenzi womfundi akade ewenza isikhathi esithile isakhiwo esincikile – eselekelelayo esigudlene nesakhiwo esikhulu isakhiwo senoveli / umdlalo – isingeniso, udweshu, isixakaxaka, uvuthondaba kanye nesiphetho nobudlelwano bakho konke lokhu isathaya – uhlobo lwamathekisthi lapho umlobi ezwakala sengathi uyancoma kanti uyabhuqa. Ngokuhlekisa ngalowo amgxekayo usuke eqonde ukuba ukuhlonipheka kwakhe kwehle kuvele obala kuthi loko kuhlonipheka kusekele emaphutheni kumbe ebulimeni. Isikhali esisemqoka sesathaya ukuhlekisa ngalowo ogxekwayo ngendlela yokubhuqa isenzukuthi – siyawuchaza umsindo, sibuye sikwazi ukuchaza izimo ezingaphathelene nomsindo (Isib. qwa, bhuqe: imibala, duklu, bhaxu: ukushaya) isidlalisi- magama – lesi sifenqo sisebenzisa igama elinemiqondo eminingi ngendlela yokuba kulowo musho liveze imiqondo yalo engaphezu kowodwa ( Isib. Waze wawathwala uZodwa amabele) isifaniso – lapha kuqhathaniswa izinto ezimbili ezingafani ngoba kukhona okuthile okunobudlelwane phakathi kwazo. Sandulelwa yizakhi zokufanisa o-njenga-, fana, kuhle, okwe-, -sa- ( UThuthukile muhle kuhle kwelanga liphuma) isifenyiso – sisebenza ngokuphikisana nehaba (Isib. Le ndoda inemadlana ngoba nakhu ikwazile ukuthenga amabhasi)
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IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
isifundo sokuzikhethela – isifundo umfundi azikhethela sona ngoba enothando lwaso isihlanganiso – igama elisetshenziswa ukuhlanganisa imisho (Isib. UNoxolo ungumdlali ovelele esikoleni futhi uzimisele nasezifundweni zakhe) isihlonipho – igama elisetshenziswa endaweni yelinye umuntu ohloniphayo (Isib. ukudakwa: ukusutha, ukuhlanza: ukubuyisa) isilinganisa – mazinga – sihlukanisa okulindeleke ukuba umfundi akwazi nokumele akuzuze ebangeni elithile isingathekiso – ukukhuluma ngokufanekisa izinto ezingafani ubiza into ngenye (Isib. USinenhlanhla uyimbali). isiqephu – sisho izinto eziqanjiwe ezibonwayo, ezilalewayo, ezilalelwa zibukelwe njengemibholo, umculo, izithombe, umdwebo, ifilumu iphosta, ikhadi, kanye nolimi lwezimpawu ezethula umyalezo ezethomelini noma umfundi uhlelomisho – isimiso sokuhlelwa kwamazwi (Isib. iqembu lamazwi, imishwana nemisho) isiqhathaniso – sethula amagama noma imiqondo emibili eqophisanayo, ngaleyo ndlela sigcizelele ukuqophisana kwayo (Isib. Likude izulu, siseduze isihogo) iSitatimende soHlelo lweziFundo – isiTatimende soHlelo lweziFundo ngasinye sibika Amazinga yokuHlola yalokho okuqukethwe kuleso naleso sifundo isizinda – indawo, isikhathi nesimo sezinto indaba eyenzeka ngaso izakhi zolimi – izinhlangothi zolimi (njengezimo zokukhuluma, izaga, izisho) isizinda sokufunda – izingxenye eziyisishiyagalombili zolwazi esiTatimendeni soHlelo iweziFundo sikaZwelonke somkhakha wemfundo nokuQeqesha Jikelele (Isib. IziBalo, iziLimi; UbuCiko kanye namaSiko) izakhi zemisho – izakhi ezakha umusho. (Isib. inhloko/umenzi, umenziwa njii. izethameli – umfundi, umlaleli, umbukeli oqondiwe wamathekisthi okuthize. Lapho kwenziwa uhlaka lwesiqeshana esilotshwayo izikhulumi / abalobi kumele bacabange ngenhloso nezethameli lapho bekhetha uhlobo lokubhalwayo izici okubonwa ngazo – izimiso noma imigomo okwahlulelwa kubhekiswe kuyo izifundo eziwumgogodla/ umongo – izifundo eziphathelene nomsebenzi ozofundelwa umfundi izifundo sisekelo – izifundo eziphoqelekile ukuba abafundi bazifunde IziNcazelo zamaKhono esifundo – amakhono okulindeleke ukuthi lowo nalowo mfundi abe nawo kulelo nalelo banga
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IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
izincwadi zobufakazi – izincwadi ezinikeza iqiniso ngobunjalo bomuntu izingcezu zenkulumo – usobizo: ibizo, isabizwana, isichasiso: isiphawulo, isibaluli, ongumnini, inani. isilandiso: isenzo, isibanjalo. isikhanyiso: isilandiso, isenzukuthi, isihlanganiso, isibabazo izinhlobo zamagama – amagama asetshenziswa ekufundiseni izingxenye zolimi (Isib. izingcezu zenkulumo, ngomqondofana, amagama aphikisanayo) izinhlobo zemisho – Imisho enhlobonhlobo imisho eqondile, embaxa, ekhonzile, emagatshagatsha njll izinkomba zomabonakude – okukhombisa izinhlelo noma okuzovela kumabonakude izinto ezibonakalayo – ezibonakalayo zokwedlulisa umyalezo (Isib. imifanekiso, izithombe, amakhathuni, imidwebo, imifanekiso) iziqukathilwazi – izincwadi ezisetshenziswa uma ufuna ulwazi oluthile kodwa ebe enqunyelwe isikhathi sokuwuqeda ofuzamqondo – amabizo ahlukene anomqondo ohambisanayo (Isib. amafutha- okugcobisa, okupheka, uphethilomu, u-oyela) okuzwakalayo – yilokho okunomqondo. Isigaba esinomqondo ngesinokukhula okucacile kwemibono, nesinemisho ehlangene noma elandelana ngokunomqondo ophimbohluka – amagama abhalwe ngokufanayo kepha ephinyiswa ngendlela engafani (Isib. ibele: isitho somzimba somuntu wesifazane; isitshalo) ubuliminingi obengezayo – nxa umuntu efunda ulimi noma izilimi ukwengeza olimini lwakhe lwasekhaya. Lolu limi aluthathi isikhundla solimi lwasekhaya kodwa lufundwa kanye nalo. Ohlelweni lwemfundo lokwazi izilimi ezimbili ulimi lwasekhaya luyagcinwa luxhaswe, kodwa ulimi lokufundisa lufundiswa kanye nalo. Uma ulimi lokufundisa luzothatha isikhundla solimi lwasekhaya lomfundi lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ubulimimbili obunciphisayo uchungechunge lokusakaza – ukuhlanganiswa kwezindlela eziningi ezingamathekisthi, okubonwayo, umsindo, ividiyo njll. Inkulumo elungiselelwe ngezinyoni ingaxhaswa ngokusetshenziswa kochungechunge lokusakaza(Isib. amavidiyo, imifanekiso enamatheliswe engilazini, imisindo) udweshu – ukungqubuzana noma ukwehlukana kwemibono endabeni uHlaka lweNqubomgomo yeziQu nokuHlola – umqulu oqukethe AmaZinga okuHlola ukubika – ukwazisa ikakhulukazi ngenqubekela phambili yomfundi kulabo abafanele
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IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
ukubikezela – lokhu kwenzeka lapho isakhiwo senza ukuba izethameli zibe nolwazi olubanzi ngokwenzekayo ukwedlula abalingiswa ukucevuza – ukwanda ngamazwi noma ukukhulumela futhi ukuchema – umkhuba wokuthanda into noma umbono ngaphezu komunye, lokho bese kuholela ekuthini umuntu angabe esakwazi ukuthatha isahlulelo esifanele ukuhambisana – kusho ukuhlangana kwakheke nobudlelwano ukuze leyo nto ibukeke iyodwa ukucwaninga – ukufunisisa, ukubhekisisa, ukuhlolisisa ngenhloso yokuthola ulwazi olujulile ngento ethile ukudidiyela – ukuxuba noma ukuhlanganisa izinto ngenhloso ethile ukudidiyela – lo umthetho wemfundo othi umuntu unelungelo lokufunda. Okuncane okudingekayo kubafundi bonke kucacisiwe ukuze labo abanezidingo ezingavamile, izidingo ngokwemizwa nangokomzimba balungiselelwe ukugxeka – ukubeka amazwi ngendlela ekhombisa ukungagculiseki ngenhloso yokulungisa lapho kungahambi kahle khona ukuhlaziya – ukuhlahlela noma ukuhlakaza ukuhlela izinto – ukubeka izinto ngononina ukuhlela – yisikhathi lapho kulungiswa uhlelo lolimi, ukusetshenziswa kolimi, iziphumuzi, ukupelwa kwamagama ukuqinisekisa okulotshiwe kucacile futhi kwamukelekile ukuhlola okuqhubekayo – ukuhlola okugqugquzela ukuhlanganiswa kokuhlola ekufundiseni kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwabafundi ngokusebenzisa ukubika nokulungiswa komsebenzi. ukuhlola okuqoqayo – kunikeza isithombe salokho okuzuzwe ngumfundi ekupheleni kwekwata, konyaka noma ekupheleni komsebenzi obuhlelelwe isikhathi esithile ukuhlola okuxilongayo – ukuthola izinkinga umfundi ahlangabezana nazo ukuze kwakhiwe amasu angasiza ekumelekeleleni ukuhlola okuyisisekelo – kusetshenziselwa ukuthola osekwaziwa nokungenziwa ngabafundi ukuhlola okwakhayo – kusetshenziselwa ukuthola ulwazi ngenqubekela phambili yomfundi ukuhambisana – kuphathelene nemicabango nezincazelo. Isigaba sinohambisana uma yonke imisho yaso ixhumene ngendlela enomqondo futhi yenze okunomqondo okuphelele
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IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
ukumisa komzimba – indlela umuntu ema noma aziphatha ngayo lapho ekhuluma ukumisa kwezitho zomzimba – ukusetshenziswa kwezitho zomzimba ngokugqamileyo ukuze kwedluliswe umyalezo ukunikezelana amathuba – izinqubo ezizimase ukunganqamuki kokuxhumana kwabantu ababili (Isib. ukuvumela abanye ukuba baveze imibono yabo, ukuphinda amazwi ukuze incazelo icace, ukungena nxa kusaxoxwa ukuze abuyise abadukayo, ukwenanela ngemibuzo ukuze athole ukucaciseleka) ukuphumelela ngokubonelela – ukudluliselwa phambili komfundi ongaphumelelanga ngokufanele ukuqaphela ngokuhlolisisa – ikhono lokwazi ukuchachisa, ukuhlela ngezigaba noma izinhlobo ezithile nokuhlaziya ukuqhathanisa – ukubona ukufana okukhona phakathi kwezinto ukuqinisa izwi, umbono – ukufaka umfutho ukuze lokho okwenzayo kuphumelele noma kuzwakale ukuqopha – ukubhala phansi inqubekela phambili yomfundi ngenhloso yokwazisa labo abafanele ukushovuza – ukusebenzisa amagama amaningi ngokungadingekile ukuthatha uhlangothi – inkulumo evunayo ukuxhasa – ukuxhasa ukuxhumana kusho ikhono lokwenza ukuthi ukuxhumana kuqhubeke kunganqamuki ukwazi ukwenza – ukuba nolwazi nendlela yokuthi into yenziwa kanjani futhi ukwazi ukuyenza ukwehlukanisa – ukuthola umahluko okhona phakathi kwezinto ukwenzasamuntu – into engaphili inikwa izimpawu zomuntu (Isib. Ilanga lanyonyoba laze layoshona kunina) ukwenzasasilwane – kufaniswa into ethile nesilwane (Isib. Ezibongweni zebhasi sithola umugqa othi: Hamba bhungane lendlela) ulimi lokufunda kanye nokufundisa – ulimi olusetshenziswa kaningi endaweni yokufunda nokufundisa. Abanye abafundi bahlangabezana nokukwazi ukufunda kanye nokufundisa oLimini LokweNgeza hhayi oLimini LwaseKhaya. ulimi lokwengeza – ulimi olufundwayo kwengezwa kolwasekhaya ulimi olukhohlisayo – ulimi olunamandla lokuthi umuntu akholwe futhi ebe engaboni ukuthi uyakhohliswa ulimi oluvumisayo – ulimi olunamandla okwenza umuntu akholwe noma avume lokho okushiwoyo
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IziLimi – IsiZulu uLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza
ulimi olungamukelekile – ulimi olungesona isiZulu soqobo njengesidolobha, isihumusha umabizwafane – eliphinyiswa libhalwe ngendlela efanayo kodwa libe linezincazelo ezingafani. umbhalomdwebo – umbhalo owethulwe ngemidwebo umbhalozithombe – umbhalo owethulwe ngezithombe umbhinqo – ukusebenzisa amazwi achaza okuthile kepha kube kuqondwe okuphambene nawo. Kusuke kusetshenziswe amazwi okuncoma kuqondwe ukugxeka (Isib. Kuyabonakala ukuthi bekuhlala inono kule ndlu yiko kungcolile: kuqondwe ukuthi bekuhlala inuku) umbuzombumbulu – wumbuzo osuke ungabuzelwa ukuthola impendulo, ngoba impendulo yawo ikhona kuwo umbuzo (Isib. Umbulali yena akayikufa yini?) umhlahlandlela – yilokho okwenzelwe ukwelekelela othisha noma abafundi ukuthi bezwe kangcono lokho okubhaliwe noma okukhulunywa ngakho (Isib. umHlahlandlela weziNhlelo zokuFunda) umqondofana – igama elinomqondo ofanayo nelinye umugqa womlando – kusitshela ngokulandelana kwezigameko nesikhathi ezenzeke ngaso uphawu – igama elithatha noma limela indawo yenye into (Isib. Inkondlo ingakhuluma ngesihlahla, ichaze ukuthi sikhula kanjani nokuthi ekugcineni siyagawulwa. Isihlahla singamela umuntu okhulayo ophetha ngokufa, imibala yefulegi laseNingizimu Afrika) upholavuthondaba – ibohlololo, ukwehla komfutho wendaba (Isib. Wasebenza kanzima, waceba, wawa) usikompilo – indlela isizwe esiphila ngayo uteku – sithola izimo nezinto ezethulwa ngendlela ehlekisayo noma ekitazayo uvuthondaba – izinga lapho indaba ingasakwazi ukuqhubeka nokuphakama, isuke isifike esiqongweni sesilindele ukuthi inkinga isombuluke uzwelomagama – amagama ashesha ukuthinta umoya ngenxa yosizi noma injabulo
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