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Imibuzo ngokuphathelene nokucwaninga kwezenhlalakahle ngokuvamile iyanzima futhi iyinkimbinkimbi. Ukuze uthole indlela yokusekela okuyisisekelo esekelwe emagrafu ye-causal, bheka i- Pearl (2009) , nangendlela yokwenza isisekelo esekelwe kwimiphumela engase ibe khona, bheka u- Imbens and Rubin (2015) . Ukuze uqhathanise phakathi kwalezi zindlela ezimbili, bheka Morgan and Winship (2014) . Ukuze uthole indlela ehlelekile yokuchaza ukudideka, bheka u- VanderWeele and Shpitser (2013) .
Kulesi sahluko, ngidalile ukuthi kubonakala sengathi kuluhlaza phakathi kokukwazi kwethu ukwenza izilinganiso ze-causal kusuka kwedatha yokuhlola nokungahlolisi. Kodwa-ke, ngicabanga ukuthi, empeleni, umehluko ukhululekile kakhulu. Isibonelo, wonke umuntu uyavuma ukuthi ukubhema kubangelwa umdlavuza, yize kungenjalo ukuhlolwa okulawulwa ngokungahleliwe okuphoqa abantu ukuthi bashunqise kwenzeke. Ukuze uthole ukwelashwa Shadish, Cook, and Campbell (2001) yokuhlola ubone i- Rosenbaum (2002) , ( ??? ) , Shadish, Cook, and Campbell (2001) , Dunning (2012) .
Izigaba 1 no-2 ze- Freedman, Pisani, and Purves (2007) zinikeza isingeniso esicacile sokungafani phakathi kokuhlolwa, ukuhlolwa okulawulwayo, nokuhlolwa okulawulwa ngokungahleliwe.
Manzi (2012) inikeza isingeniso esithakazelisayo nesifundwayo ngaphansi kwezingqungquthela zefilosofi nezibalo zokuhlolwa okulawulwa ngokungahleliwe. Ibuye inikeze izibonelo ezithakazelisayo zomhlaba wangempela wamandla okuhlola ebhizinisini. Issenberg (2012) inikeza isingeniso esithakazelisayo ekusetshenzisweni kokuhlolwa emikhankaso yezombangazwe.
Box, Hunter, and Hunter (2005) , @ casella_statistical_2008, no- Athey and Imbens (2016b) banikeza izethulo ezinhle Athey and Imbens (2016b) zokuhlela nokuhlaziywa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezokwelapha ezinhle kakhulu zokusetshenziswa kwezivivinyo ezindaweni eziningi ezihlukene: ezomnotho (Bardsley et al. 2009) , ezomphakathi (Willer and Walker 2007; Jackson and Cox 2013) , i-psychology (Aronson et al. 1989) , isayensi yezombusazwe (Morton and Williams 2010) , kanye nenqubomgomo yomphakathi (Glennerster and Takavarasha 2013) .
Ukubaluleka kokuqashwa kwabahlanganyeli (isb., Isampuli) kuvame ukuhlolisiswa ekucwaningweni kokuhlola. Kodwa-ke, uma umphumela wokwelapha uyingqayizivele kubantu, isampuli siyadingeka. Longford (1999) yenza leli phuzu ngokucacile lapho ekhuthaza abacwaningi bacabange ngezivivinyo njengenhlolovo yabantu ngesampuli esingenasici.
Ngiphakamisile ukuthi kukhona ukuqhubeka phakathi kokuhlolwa kwelebhu namasimu, kanti abanye abacwaningi bahlongoze izintambo eziningi, ikakhulukazi ezihlukanisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zokuhlolwa kwensimu (Harrison and List 2004; Charness, Gneezy, and Kuhn 2013) .
Amaphepha ambalwa aqhathanise ama-laboratory kanye nokuhlolwa kwamasimu ku-abstract (Falk and Heckman 2009; Cialdini 2009) futhi ngokwemiphumela yezilinganiso ezithile ezenzweni zesayensi yezombusazwe (Coppock and Green 2015) , ukonga (Levitt and List 2007a, 2007b; Camerer 2011; Al-Ubaydli and List 2013) , kanye ne-psychology (Mitchell 2012) . Jerit, Barabas, and Clifford (2013) banikeza umklamo omuhle wokucwaninga ngokuqhathanisa imiphumela Jerit, Barabas, and Clifford (2013) namasimu. Parigi, Santana, and Cook (2017) ichaza ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwenkambu ye-intanethi ingahlanganisa kanjani ezinye zezici zokuhlolwa kwelebhu namasimu.
Ukukhathazeka mayelana nabahlanganyeli bashintsha ukuziphatha kwabo ngoba bayazi ukuthi babhekwa ngokucophelela ngezinye izikhathi kuthiwa yimiphumela yokufuna , futhi baye bafundiswa kwengqondo (Orne 1962) kanye (Zizzo 2010) . Nakuba iningi lihlotshaniswa nokuhlolwa kwebhu, lezi zinkinga ezifanayo zingabangela izinkinga zokuhlolwa kwensimu kanye. Eqinisweni, imiphumela yokufuna izikhathi ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi imiphumela ye-Hawthorne , igama elithola ukuhlolwa okudumile okukhanyisa okwaqala ngo-1924 kwi-Hawthorne Works ye-Western Electric Company (Adair 1984; Levitt and List 2011) . Zombili zifuna imiphumela kanye nemiphumela ye- Hawthorne ehlobene eduze nomqondo wokulinganisa okusebenzayo okukhulunywa ngakho esahlukweni 2 (bheka futhi Webb et al. (1966) ).
Ukuhlolwa kwamasimu kunomlando omude wezomnotho (Levitt and List 2009) , isayensi yezombangazwe (Green and Gerber 2003; Druckman et al. 2006; Druckman and Lupia 2012) , psychology (Shadish 2002) , kanye nenqubomgomo yomphakathi (Shadish and Cook 2009) . Indawo eyodwa yesayensi yezenhlalakahle lapho ukuhlolwa kwensimu ngokushesha kuvelele ukuthuthukiswa kwamazwe ngamazwe. Ukubukeza okuhle kwalowo msebenzi ngaphakathi kwezomnotho ubone Banerjee and Duflo (2009) , futhi ngokuhlolwa okubucayi bheka Deaton (2010) . Ukubukeza lo msebenzi ezenzweni zesayensi yezombusazwe ubone Humphreys and Weinstein (2009) . Okokugcina, izinselele zokuziphatha ezivela ezihlolweni zasensimini ziye zahlolwa ngokwesimo sezesayensi yezombusazwe (Humphreys 2015; Desposato 2016b) nokuthuthukiswa kocwaningo (Baele 2013) .
Kulesi sigaba, ngiphakamise ukuthi ulwazi lwangaphambi kokwelapha lungasetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa ukucacisa kwemiphumela yokwelashwa okulinganisiwe, kodwa kukhona impikiswano mayelana nale ndlela; bheka Freedman (2008) , W. Lin (2013) , Berk et al. (2013) , no- Bloniarz et al. (2016) ngolwazi oluthe xaxa.
Okokugcina, kunezinye izinhlobo ezimbili zokuhlolwa okwenziwe ososayensi bezenhlalakahle ezingahambelani kahle ngokubaluleka kwebhu lab-field: ukuhlolwa kocwaningo kanye nokuhlolwa kwezenhlalakahle. Uhlolo lokuhlola luyizingqinamba ezisebenzisa ingqalasizinda yezinhlolovo ezikhona futhi uqhathanise nezimpendulo kwezinye izinguqulo zemibuzo efanayo (okunye okuhlolwa kohlolo kuvezwe eSahlukweni 3); ukuze uthole okwengeziwe kokuhlolwa kocwaningo bheka Mutz (2011) . Ukuhlolwa kwezenhlalakahle yimizamo lapho ukwelashwa kungumgomo othile wezenhlalakahle ongasetshenziswa kuphela nguhulumeni. Ukuhlolwa kwezenhlalakahle kuhlobene kakhulu nokuhlolwa kohlelo. Ukuze uthole okwengeziwe mayelana nokuhlolwa kwenqubomgomo, bheka Heckman and Smith (1995) , i- Orr (1998) , no-glennerster_running_2013.
Ngikhethe ukugxila ezintweni ezintathu: ukuqinisekiswa, ukuphazamiseka kwemithi yokwelashwa nemiphumela. Lezi zincazelo zinamagama ahlukene emasimini ahlukene. Isibonelo, izazi zezokwelapha zivame ukuhambisa ngaphezu kokuhlolwa okulula ngokugxila kubaxhumanisi nabomengameli (Baron and Kenny 1986) . Umqondo wabaxhumanisi uthathwe yilokho engikubiza ngakho, futhi umqondo wabamengameli uthathwe yilokho engikubiza ngokusebenza kwangaphandle (isb., Ngabe imiphumela yokuhlolwa ingafani uma iqhutshwa ezimweni ezihlukene) kanye nokuphazamiseka kwemiphumela yokwelashwa ( isib, imiphumela ikhudlwana kwabanye abantu kunabanye).
Ukuhlolwa Schultz et al. (2007) ibonisa ukuthi imibono yezenhlalo ingasetshenziswa kanjani ukudala ukungenelela okuphumelelayo. Ukuze uthole ingxabano evamile mayelana nendima yombono ekudaleni ukungenelela okuphumelelayo, bheka i- Walton (2014) .
Imiqondo yokuqinisekisa kwangaphakathi nangaphandle yangeniswa kuqala Campbell (1957) . Bheka Shadish, Cook, and Campbell (2001) ukuze uthole umlando oningiliziwe kanye nokuqaphela ngokucophelela isiphetho sesibalo, ukuqinisekiswa kwangaphakathi, ukwakha ukuqinisekiswa, nokusebenza kwangaphandle.
Ukuze uthole ukubuyekezwa kwezindaba ezihlobene nesiphetho sesibalo esivumelekile ekuhlolweni bheka i- Gerber and Green (2012) (kusukela ekuboneni kwesayensi yezenhlalakahle) no- Imbens and Rubin (2015) (kusuka kumbono wezibalo). Ezinye izimpikiswano zesibalo sezibalo ezivela ngqo ekuhloleni kwenkambu ye-intanethi kufaka phakathi izinkinga ezifana nezindlela eziphumelelayo zokudala (Bakshy and Eckles 2013) nedatha esekelwe (Bakshy and Eckles 2013) .
Ukusebenza kwangaphakathi kungaba nzima ukuqiniseka ezinkingeni zensimu eziyinkimbinkimbi. Bheka, isibonelo, i- Gerber and Green (2000) , i- Imai (2005) , no- Gerber and Green (2005) ye-mpikiswano mayelana nokuqaliswa kokuhlolwa kwensimu eyinkimbinkimbi mayelana nokuvota. Kohavi et al. (2012) Kohavi et al. (2013) inikezela isingeniso ezinselele zokuqinisekisa ukuhamba kwesikhathi ezindaweni zokuhlola inthanethi.
Enye ingozi enkulu ekuqinisekiseni kwangaphakathi kungenzeka ukuthi i-randomization ehlulekile. Enye indlela engaba khona yokuthola izinkinga nge-randomization ukuqhathanisa amaqembu wokwelapha kanye nokulawula ezinkambisweni ezibonakalayo. Lolu hlobo lokuqhathaniswa lubizwa ngokuthi isheke lokulinganisela . Bheka Hansen and Bowers (2008) ngenqubo yokuhlola ukulinganisela nokuhlola i- Mutz and Pemantle (2015) ngokukhathazeka mayelana nokuhlola kwe-balance. Isibonelo, usebenzisa isheke lokulinganisela, u- Allcott (2011) uthole ubufakazi bokuthi ukungahleliwe akuzange kwenziwe ngendlela efanele ku-Three of Test experiments (bheka ithebula 2; amasayithi 2, 6, no-8). Ngezinye izindlela, bheka isahluko 21 sika- Imbens and Rubin (2015) .
Ezinye izikhathazo ezinkulu ezihlobene nokusebenza kwangaphakathi ziyizi: (1) ukungahambisani okuhlangene okukodwa, lapho kungabikho wonke umuntu eklinikweni yokwelapha okwenziwe ukwelashwa, (2) ukungabambisani okuhlangene, lapho kungabikho wonke umuntu eklasini yokwelashwa ethola ukwelashwa kanye nabanye abantu iqembu lokulawula lithola ukwelashwa, (3) umzila, lapho imiphumela engalinganiswanga khona kwabanye ababambiqhaza, kanye (4) nokuphazanyiswa, lapho ukwelashwa kuchitheka khona kubantu abasesimweni sokwelashwa kubantu abakhona esimweni sokulawula. Bheka izahluko 5, 6, 7, no-8 ze- Gerber and Green (2012) ukuze uthole okuningi kulezi zinkinga.
Ukuze uthole okwengeziwe ekuwakheni ukufaneleka, bheka i- Westen and Rosenthal (2003) , nokunye okwengeziwe ekwakheni ukufaneleka kwemithombo emikhulu yedatha, i- Lazer (2015) nesahluko 2 sale ncwadi.
Esinye isici sokusebenza kwangaphandle yisimiso lapho ukungenelela kuhlolwa khona. Allcott (2015) inikeza ukwelashwa ngokucophelela nokuqondisa kokukhethwa kwendawo yokukhetha indawo. Le nkinga iphinde ixoxwe Deaton (2010) . Esinye isici sokusebenza kwangaphandle ukuthi ngabe ukusebenza okuhlukile kokungenelela okufanayo kuzoba nemiphumela efanayo. Kulokhu, ukufaniswa phakathi Schultz et al. (2007) no- Allcott (2011) kubonisa ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwe-Opower kunomthelela ophansi wokuphathwa okwedlula ukwenziwa kokuqala kuka-Schultz nozakwabo (1.7% kuya kwe-5%). Allcott (2011) ucabange ukuthi ukuhlolwa okulandelwayo kwaba nomthelela omncane ngenxa yezindlela zokwelapha ezahluke ngayo: i-emoticon ngesandla ebhaliwe njengengxenye yocwaningo elixhaswe yinyuvesi, uma kuqhathaniswa ne-emoticon ephrintiwe njengengxenye ye-mass-produced umbiko kusuka enkampanini yamandla.
Ukuze uthole umbono obala kakhulu we-heterogeneity yemiphumela yokwelapha emayilini yokuhlola, bheka isahluko 12 se- Gerber and Green (2012) . Ukuze uthole izethulo zokungenwa kwemithi yokwelashwa ekuhlolweni kwezokwelapha, bheka Kent and Hayward (2007) , Longford (1999) , Kravitz, Duan, and Braslow (2004) . Ukucatshangelwa kwe-hterogeneity yemiphumela yokwelashwa ngokuvamile kugxile ekuhlukeni okususelwe kwizici zangaphambi kokwelashwa. Uma unesithakazelo ku-heterogeneity ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yokuthunyelwa kwezokuthutha, kuyadingeka izindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi, njenge-stratification eyinhloko (Frangakis and Rubin 2002) ; bheka Page et al. (2015) ukuze kubuyekezwe.
Abacwaningi abaningi bacatshangisa ukuthi ukuphathwa kwemithi yokwelashwa okungafani nokusebenzisa ukuguqulwa komzimba, kodwa izindlela ezintsha zithembele ekufundeni komshini; bheka, isibonelo, Green and Kern (2012) , u- Imai and Ratkovic (2013) , Taddy et al. (2016) , no- Athey and Imbens (2016a) .
Kukhona ukungabaza mayelana nokutholakala kwe-heterogeneity yemiphumela ngenxa yezinkinga eziningi zokuqhathanisa kanye "nokudoba." Kunezinhlobonhlobo zezindlela zezibalo ezingasiza ukubhekana nokukhathazeka ngokuqhathanisa okuningi (Fink, McConnell, and Vollmer 2014; List, Shaikh, and Xu 2016) . Enye indlela yokukhathazeka mayelana "nokudoba" i-pre-registration, okuyinto iyaba yinto evame kakhulu kwi-psychology (Nosek and Lakens 2014) , isayensi yezombangazwe (Humphreys, Sierra, and Windt 2013; Monogan 2013; Anderson 2013; Gelman 2013; Laitin 2013) , kanye nezomnotho (Olken 2015) .
Esifundweni Costa and Kahn (2013) cishe ingxenye yesigamu semindeni ekuhlolweni kungaxhunyaniswa nolwazi lwabantu. Abafundi abanesithakazelo kulemininingwane kufanele babheke iphepha lokuqala.
Izinqubo zibaluleke kakhulu, kodwa ziba nzima kakhulu ukutadisha. Ucwaningo mayelana nezinqubo luhlobene eduze nokucwaninga kwabaxhumanisi kwezokwelapha (kodwa bona futhi VanderWeele (2009) ukuze uqhathanise ngokucacile phakathi kwemibono emibili). Izindlela zesitatimende zokuthola izindlela, njengendlela eyenziwe Baron and Kenny (1986) , zivamile. Ngeshwa, kuvela ukuthi lezo zinqubo zixhomeke ekucabangeni okuqinile (Bullock, Green, and Ha 2010) futhi bahlupheka uma kunezinqubo eziningi, njengoba umuntu angalindela ezimweni eziningi (Imai and Yamamoto 2013; VanderWeele and Vansteelandt 2014) . Imai et al. (2011) no- Imai and Yamamoto (2013) banikeze izindlela ezithuthukisiwe zezibalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i- VanderWeele (2015) inikeza ukwelashwa ubude bezincwadi ngemiphumela eminingi ebalulekile, kuhlanganise nendlela ephelele yokuhlaziywa kobuzwe.
Indlela ehlukile igxile ekuhlolweni okuzama ukusebenzisa indlela ngokuqondile (isib., Ukunikeza abahamba nge-vitamin C). Ngeshwa, ezimisweni eziningi zesayensi yezenhlalakahle, ngokuvamile zikhona izindlela eziningi futhi kunzima ukuklama imithi eguqule eyodwa ngaphandle kokushintsha abanye. Ezinye izindlela ezisetshenziselwa ukushintsha izindlela ezichazwayo zichazwe ngu- Imai, Tingley, and Yamamoto (2013) , Ludwig, Kling, and Mullainathan (2011) , kanye Pirlott and MacKinnon (2016) .
Abacwaningi abaqhuba ukuhlola okusemthethweni okudingekayo kuzodingeka bakhathazeke ngokuhlolwa okuningi kwe-hypothesis; bheka Fink, McConnell, and Vollmer (2014) List, Shaikh, and Xu (2016) ukuthola ulwazi oluthe xaxa.
Okokugcina, izindlela zibuye zibe nemlando ende kufilosofi yesayensi njengoba kuchazwe Hedström and Ylikoski (2010) .
Ukuze uthole olunye ulwazi mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwezifundo zokuxhumana kanye nokuhlolwa kwamabhuku ukuhlola ukucwaswa, bheka Pager (2007) .
Indlela evamile kakhulu yokubamba iqhaza ekuhloliseni ukuthi uzakhela i-Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk). Ngenxa yokuthi i-MTurk ihlaziya izici zemizamo yendabuko-labakhokhelwayo yokuqedela imisebenzi abangayikuyenza kubaphenyi abakhululekile-basebenzile kakade basebenzisa ama-Turkers (abasebenzi ku-MTurk) njengabahlanganyeli bokuhlola, okubangela ukuqoqwa kwedatha okusheshayo nangabizi kangako okungaphumelela ekuhlolweni kwe-laboratory (Paolacci, Chandler, and Ipeirotis 2010; Horton, Rand, and Zeckhauser 2011; Mason and Suri 2012; Rand 2012; Berinsky, Huber, and Lenz 2012) .
Ngokuvamile, izinzuzo ezinkulu kakhulu zokusebenzisa abahlanganyeli abaqashiwe kusuka ku-MTurk ziyizinsiza. Nakuba ukuhlolwa kwelabhu kungathatha amasonto ukuqhuba nokuhlolwa kwensimu kungathatha izinyanga ukusetha, ukuhlolwa kwabahlanganyeli abaqashiwe kusuka ku-MTurk kungenziwa ngezinsuku. Isibonelo, Berinsky, Huber, and Lenz (2012) bakwazi ukuzuza izifundo ezingu-400 ngolunye usuku ukuze bahlanganyele ekuhlolweni okungamaminithi angu-8. Ngaphezu kwalokho, laba bahlanganyeli bangabhaliswa cishe nganoma iyiphi inhloso (kubandakanya ukuhlola nokubambisana okukhulu, njengoba kuxoxwa ngazo ezahlukweni 3 no-5). Lokhu kulula ukuqasha kusho ukuthi abacwaningi bangasebenzisa ukulandelana kwezivivinyo ezihlobene ngokulandelana okusheshayo.
Ngaphambi kokuqasha abahlanganyeli abavela ku-MTurk ngezivivinyo zakho, kunezinto ezine ezibalulekile okudingeka wazi. Okokuqala, abacwaningi abaningi banokungabaza okungafani kokuhlolwa okubandakanya iTurkers. Ngenxa yokuthi lokhu kungabazeki, akunzima ukuphikisana nobufakazi. Kodwa-ke, ngemva kweminyaka eminingi yokufunda esebenzisa abaTurkers, manje singaphetha ngokuthi lokhu kungabaza ngokungafanelekile. Kube nokucwaninga okuningi okuqhathaniswa nokwaziswa kwabantu baseTurkers nalabo abanye abantu kanye nezifundo eziningi eziqhathanisa imiphumela yokuhlolwa no-Turkers njengabo abavela kwabanye abantu. Njengoba sinikezwe wonke lo msebenzi, ngicabanga ukuthi indlela engcono kakhulu yokucabanga ngayo ukuthi abaTurkers bayisampula esivumelana kahle, kufana nabafundi kodwa abahlukahlukene kakhulu (Berinsky, Huber, and Lenz 2012) . Ngakho-ke, njengoba nje abafundi bengabantu abanengqondo kwabanye, kodwa hhayi bonke, ucwaninga, abaTurkers bangabantu abanengqondo kwabanye, kodwa hhayi bonke, ucwaningo. Uma uzosebenza noTurkers, kuwukuhlakanipha ukufunda eziningi zezifundo eziqhathaniswayo nokuqonda imiqondo yazo.
Okwesibili, abacwaningi baye bahlakulela imikhuba engcono yokwandisa ukuhlolwa kwangaphakathi kwe-MTurk, futhi kufanele ufunde futhi ulandele lezi zindlela ezinhle kakhulu (Horton, Rand, and Zeckhauser 2011; Mason and Suri 2012) . Isibonelo, abacwaningi abasebenzisa i-Turkers bayakhuthazwa ukuba basebenzise ama-screeners ukususa abahlanganyeli (Berinsky, Margolis, and Sances 2014, 2016) (kodwa bona no- DJ Hauser and Schwarz (2015b) no- DJ Hauser and Schwarz (2015a) ). Uma ungasusi abahlanganyeli abangenakulingisa, noma yikuphi umphumela wokwelashwa kungahlanzwa ngomsindo abawuthulayo, futhi ngokusemthethweni inani labahlanganyeli abangalindelekile lingaba lukhulu. Ekuhlolweni kukaHuber nozakwabo (2012) , abangaba ngu-30% wabahlanganyeli abahlulekile ukunakekelwa kwezicabangela eziyisisekelo. Ezinye izinkinga ezivame ukuvela lapho abantu baseTurkers besetshenziselwa abahlanganyeli abangenabanikazi (Chandler et al. 2015) kanye nomzila (Zhou and Fishbach 2016) .
Okwesibili, ngokuphathelene nezinye izinhlobo zokuhlolwa kwedijithali, ukuhlolwa kwe-MTurk akukwazi ukukala; Stewart et al. (2015) kulinganisa ukuthi kunoma yisiphi isikhathi esithile kunabantu abangaba ngu-7 000 kuphela ku-MTurk.
Okokugcina, kufanele wazi ukuthi uMaturk ungumphakathi onemithetho yawo kanye nemigomo (Mason and Suri 2012) . Ngendlela efanayo ukuthi uzama ukuthola ngayo isiko lezwe lapho uzobe uqhuba khona izivivinyo zakho, kufanele uzame ukuthola okwengeziwe mayelana namasiko kanye nemigomo yeTurkers (Salehi et al. 2015) . Futhi kufanele wazi ukuthi abaTurkers bazobe bekhuluma ngokuzama kwakho uma wenza okuthile okungalungile noma okungahambi kahle (Gray et al. 2016) .
I-MTurk iyindlela elula kakhulu yokubamba iqhaza ekuhloliseni kwakho, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-lab-like, njengekaHuber Huber, Hill, and Lenz (2012) , noma okunye okufana nendawo, njengekaMason Mason and Watts (2009) , Goldstein, McAfee, and Suri (2013) , i- Goldstein et al. (2014) , Horton and Zeckhauser (2016) , Mao et al. (2016) .
Uma ucabanga ngokuzama ukwenza umkhiqizo wakho, ngincoma ukuthi ufunde iseluleko esinikezwa iqembu le-MovieLens Harper and Konstan (2015) . Ukuqondisisa okuyisisekelo okuvela kulokho okuhlangenwe nakho kwabo ukuthi kwiprojekthi ngayinye ephumelelayo kunamaphuzu amaningi, amaningi. Isibonelo, iqembu le-MovieLens lenye iminye imikhiqizo, njengeGopherAnswers, eyayihluleka ngokuphelele (Harper and Konstan 2015) . Esinye isibonelo somcwaningi sihluleka ngenkathi ezama ukwenza umkhiqizo umzamo ka-Edward Castronova wokwakha umdlalo we-inthanethi obizwa nge-Arden. Naphezu kwamaRandi ayizigidi ezingama-250,000, lo msebenzi wawuyi-flop (Baker 2008) . Amaphrojekthi afana neGopherAnswers ne-Arden ngeshwa kakhulu kakhulu kunamaphrojekthi afana ne-MovieLens.
Ngizwile umbono we-Quadrant kaPasteur okukhulunywe ngazo njalo ezinkampanini zezobuchwepheshe, futhi kusiza ukuhlela imizamo yocwaningo e-Google (Spector, Norvig, and Petrov 2012) .
Ucwaningo lwama-Bond kanye nozakwethu (2012) luzama futhi ukuthola imiphumela yalezi zokwelashwa kubangane balabo ababazitholile. Ngenxa yokwakhiwa kokuhlolwa, lezi zinhlayiya kunzima ukubona ukuthi zihlanzekile; abafundi abanentshisekelo kufanele babone Bond et al. (2012) ukuze uthole ingxoxo egcwele. UJones kanye nosebenza nabo (2017) nabo baqhuba ukuhlolwa okufanayo ngesikhathi samakhetho ka-2012. Lezi zivivinyo ziyingxenye yenkambiso ende yokuhlolwa kwesayensi yezombangazwe emizamweni yokukhuthaza ukuvota (Green and Gerber 2015) . Lezi zivivinyo eziphuma ngaphandle kokuvota zivamile, ngokwengxenye ngoba zisemkhawulweni wePasteur. Okungukuthi, kunabantu abaningi abagqugquzelwa ukwandisa ukuvota nokuvota kungaba ukuziphatha okuthakazelisayo ukuhlola imibono eminingi jikelele mayelana nokuguquka kokuziphatha kanye nomthelela wezenhlalo.
Ukuze uthole iseluleko mayelana nokusebenza kokuhlolwa kwensimu nezinhlangano zomlingani ezifana namaqembu ezombangazwe, ama-NGO, namabhizinisi, bheka Loewen, Rubenson, and Wantchekon (2010) , i- JA List (2011) , Gueron (2002) . Ukuze uthole imibono mayelana nokuthi ukusebenzisana nezinhlangano kungathinta kanjani imiklamo yocwaningo, bheka i- King et al. (2007) Green, Calfano, and Aronow (2014) . Ukubambisana kungabangela nemibandela yokuziphatha, njengoba kuxoxwa yi- Humphreys (2015) Nickerson and Hyde (2016) .
Uma udala uhlelo lokuhlaziya ngaphambi kokusebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwakho, ngiphakamisa ukuthi uqale ngokufunda imihlahlandlela yokubika. I-CONSORT (Ukuhlanganiswa Kwemigomo Yemibiko Yesivivinyo) yenziwe ngemithi (Schulz et al. 2010) futhi iguqulelwe ukucwaninga kwezenhlalo (Mayo-Wilson et al. 2013) . Isitatimende esilandelayo semihlahlandlela sakhiwe ngabahleli be- Journal of Experimental Political Science (Gerber et al. 2014) (bheka futhi Mutz and Pemantle (2015) Gerber et al. (2015) ). Ekugcineni, imihlahlandlela yokubika iye yasungulwa kwengqondo (APA Working Group 2008) , futhi ubone Simmons, Nelson, and Simonsohn (2011) .
Uma udala uhlelo lokuhlaziya, kufanele ucabange ngaphambi kokubhalisa ngoba ukubhalisa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kuzokwandisa ukuzethemba abanye abakwenzayo emiphumeleni yakho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma usebenza nomlingani wakho, kuzomkhawuloza ikhono lomlingani wakho lokushintsha ukuhlaziywa ngemuva kokubona imiphumela. Ukubhalisa kwangaphambi kokubhalisa sekuya ngokuya ngokuvame kakhulu kwengqondo (Nosek and Lakens 2014) , isayensi yezombusazwe (Humphreys, Sierra, and Windt 2013; Monogan 2013; Anderson 2013; Gelman 2013; Laitin 2013) , kanye (Olken 2015) .
Iseluleko sokuklama ngokukhethekile ekuhlolweni kwendawo Konstan and Chen (2007) kukhonjiswe ku- Konstan and Chen (2007) Chen and Konstan (2015) .
Lokho engikubiza ngokuthi isu le-armada ngezinye izikhathi kuthiwa ucwaningo lwenqubo ; bheka Wilson, Aronson, and Carlsmith (2010) .
Ukuze uthole okwengeziwe kokuhlolwa kwe- Salganik, Dodds, and Watts (2006) , bheka i- Salganik, Dodds, and Watts (2006) , i- Salganik and Watts (2008) , i- Salganik and Watts (2009b) , i- Salganik and Watts (2009a) , ne- Salganik (2007) . Ukuze uthole okwengeziwe ezimakethe zokuwina, qaphela Frank and Cook (1996) . Ukuze uthole okwengeziwe mayelana nokukhishwa inhlanhla namakhono ngokwengeziwe, bheka Mauboussin (2012) , Watts (2012) , Frank (2016) .
Kukhona enye indlela yokuqeda izinkokhelo ezibandakanyekayo abacwaningi okufanele bazisebenzise ngokuqapha: ukubhalisa. Eziningi zokuhlola insimu ye-intanethi ngokuyinhloko zibhalwa ekuhlolweni futhi azizange zihlawuliswe. Izibonelo zalolu daba zibandakanya u-Restivo no-van de Rijt's (2012) ukuhlolwa kwemivuzo e-Wikipedia naseBond kanye no-colleague's (2012) ukuzama ukukhuthaza abantu ukuba bavote. Lezi zivivinyo azinazo izindleko eziguquguqukayo-kunalokho, zinezindleko eziguquguqukayo eziguquguqukayo kubacwaningi . Kulezi zivivinyo, ngisho noma izindleko zomhlanganyeli ngamunye zincane kakhulu, izindleko eziningi zingaba zikhulu kakhulu. Abacwaningi abaqhuba ukuhlolwa okukhulu kwe-intanethi kuvame ukufakazela ukubaluleka kwemiphumela encane yokwelashwa okubalinganiselwayo ngokuthi lemiphumela emincane ingaba ibalulekile uma isetshenziswa kubantu abaningi. Ukucabanga okufanayo okusebenzayo kubhekene nezindleko abacwaningi ababeka kubathintekayo. Uma ukuhlolwa kwakho kubangela abantu abayizigidi ezilodwa ukuba bachithe umzuzu owodwa, ukuhlolwa akulimazi kunoma yimuphi umuntu, kodwa ngokubanzi sekulahlekelwe cishe iminyaka emibili.
Enye indlela yokudala ukukhokhelwa kwezindleko eziguquguqukayo kubahlanganyeli ukusebenzisa i-lottery, indlela esetshenziselwe nokucwaninga kocwaningo (Halpern et al. 2011) . Ukuze uthole okwengeziwe mayelana nokuklama okuhlangenwe nakho okujabulisayo komsebenzisi, bheka Toomim et al. (2011) . Ukuze uthole okwengeziwe mayelana nokusebenzisa ibhu ukudala ukuhlolwa kwezindleko eziguquguqukayo bheka ( ??? ) .
Ama-R amathathu njengoba ahlongozwa Russell and Burch (1959) anjengoba:
"Ukubuyiselwa kushiwo esikhundleni abazi ophilayo izilwane ephakeme material insentient. Ukuncishiswa kusho ukuncipha izinombolo izilwane esetshenziswa ukuthola ulwazi of imali inikezwe nokunemba. Intuthuko kushiwo noma yimuphi ukwehla izigameko noma kobukhulu izinqubo ngonya nakilabo izilwane kusadingeka ukuba kusetshenziswe. "
Ama-R amathathu engiwaphakamisayo awafaki ngokweqile izimiso zokuziphatha ezichazwe esahlukweni 6. Kunalokho, yiyona inguqulo echazwe kabanzi enye yalezo zimiso-inzuzo-ngokukhethekile ekusetshenzisweni kokuhlolwa kwabantu.
Ngokwe-R yokuqala ("ukushintshwa"), uma kuqhathaniswa nokuzamazama kokucindezeleka ngokomzwelo (Kramer, Guillory, and Hancock 2014) kanye nokuzamazama kwemvelo ngokomzwelo (Lorenzo Coviello et al. 2014) inikeza izifundo eziningi mayelana nokuhweba okuhilelekile ekuhambeni kusuka ekuhlolweni kuya ekuhlolweni kwemvelo (nezinye izindlela ezifana nokulinganisa lokho okuzama ukulinganisa okulinganiselwe kwedatha engekho yokuhlola; bheka isahluko 2). Ngaphandle kwezinzuzo zokuziphatha, ukusukela ekuhlolweni kuya kwizifundo ezingekho kokuhlola kwenza abacwaningi bakwazi ukuhlola ukwelashwa abakwazi ukukwenza. Lezi zinzuzo zokuziphatha nezokungena ziza ngezindleko, noma kunjalo. Ngokuhlolwa kwemvelo abacwaningi banokulawulwa okuncane ezintweni ezifana nokuqashwa kwabahlanganyeli, ukungahleliwe, kanye nendlela yokwelapha. Isibonelo, umkhawulo owodwa wemvula njengendlela yokwelapha ukuthi kokubili ukwandisa ubuhle futhi kunciphise ukungabi nalutho. Esifundweni sokuhlola, noma kunjalo, i-Kramer kanye nozakwethu bakwazi ukulungisa ukubekezela nokungahambisani nokuzimela ngokuzimela. Indlela ethile esetshenziswa Lorenzo Coviello et al. (2014) laphinde lachazwa L. Coviello, Fowler, and Franceschetti (2014) . Ukuze uthole isingeniso ezinhlobonhlobo zezinsimbi, okuyinto indlela esetshenziswa ngayo Lorenzo Coviello et al. (2014) , bheka i- Angrist and Pischke (2009) ( Angrist, Imbens, and Rubin (1996) kakhulu) noma i- Angrist, Imbens, and Rubin (1996) (ehlelekile kakhulu). Ukuhlola okungaqondakali kwezinguquko zezinsimbi, bheka Deaton (2010) , kanye nokwethulwa kokuguquguquka kwezinsimbi nezinsimbi ezibuthakathaka (imvula iyisitsha esibuthakathaka), bheka u- Murray (2006) . Ngokuvamile, isingeniso esihle semilingo yemvelo sinikezwa Dunning (2012) , kuyilapho Rosenbaum (2002) , ( ??? ) , Shadish, Cook, and Campbell (2001) inikeza imibono emihle mayelana nokulinganisa imiphumela ye-causal ngaphandle kokuhlola.
Ngokwesibili R ("ukulungiswa"), kukhona ukuhweba kwezesayensi nezokungena lapho kucatshangelwa ukuguqula umklamo wokuThuthukiswa koMzwelo ukuvimbela okuthunyelwe ukukhulisa okuthunyelwe. Isibonelo, kungenzeka ukuthi ukuqaliswa kobuchwepheshe be-News Feed kwenza kube lula ukwenza okuvivinywa ukuthi yiziphi izithuba ezivinjiwe kunokuba zikhuthazwe (phawula ukuthi ukuhlolwa okubandakanya ukuvimba ukuthunyelwe kungaqaliswa njengendlela ungqimba phezu kwesistimu ye-News Feed ngaphandle kwesidingo sokushintsha kwesistimu engaphansi). Ngokwesayensi, noma kunjalo, inkolelo eqondiswe ukuhlolwa ayizange icacise ngokucacile ukuklama okukodwa kunomunye. Ngeshwa, angikwazi ukucwaninga okuphambili kokuphathelene nokufaneleka okuhambisana nokuvimbela nokwandisa okuqukethwe ku-News Feed. Futhi, angizange ngibone ucwaningo oluningi mayelana nokuhlanza ukwelashwa ukubenza bangabi nengozi kakhulu; Okunye okuhlukile ku- B. Jones and Feamster (2015) , okucabangela icala lokulinganiswa kwe-Inthanethi (isihloko engikhuluma ngaso esahlukweni 6 ngokuhambisana nesifundo se-Encore (Burnett and Feamster 2015; Narayanan and Zevenbergen 2015) ).
Ngokwesithathu R ("ukunciphisa"), izethulo ezinhle zokuhlaziywa kwamandla wendabuko zinikezwa Cohen (1988) (incwadi) Cohen (1992) (isihloko), kanti Gelman and Carlin (2014) banikeza umbono ohlukile. I-covariates yangaphambi kokwelapha ingafakwa ekuklanyweni nasekuhlaziyweni kwesigaba sokuhlola; isahluko 4 se- Gerber and Green (2012) sinikeza isingeniso esihle kuzo zonke izindlela, kanti Casella (2008) unikeza ukwelashwa okujulile. Amasu asebenzisa lolu lwazi lwe-pre-treatment ngendlela yokuhlelwa kwemvelo ngokuvamile abizwe ngokuthi i-designs yokuvivinya evinjiwe noma imiklamo yokuhlola ehlelekile (lesi sigama asisetshenziswanga njalo emiphakathini yonke); lezi zindlela zihlobene eduze namasu Higgins, Sävje, and Sekhon (2016) esahlukweni 3. Bheka Higgins, Sävje, and Sekhon (2016) ukuze uthole okuningi ngokusebenzisa lezi zakhiwo ekuhlolweni okukhulu. I-covariate yangaphambi kokwelashwa ingabuye ifakwe kwisigaba sokuhlaziywa. McKenzie (2012) uhlola indlela eyahlukana-ngokungafani ekuhlaziyeni ukuhlolwa kwensimu ngokuningiliziwe. Bheka Carneiro, Lee, and Wilhelm (2016) ukuze uthole okuningi mayelana nokuhwebelana phakathi kwezinyathelo ezahlukene zokwandisa ukucaca ekulinganisweni kwemiphumela yokwelashwa. Okokugcina, lapho unquma ukuthi uzama ukufaka ama-covariates wangaphambi kokwelashwa ekuklanyeni noma ekuhlaziyweni kwesigaba (noma kokubili), kunezici ezimbalwa okufanele uzicabangele. Esikhathini lapho abacwaningi befuna khona ukukhombisa ukuthi "abadobi" (Humphreys, Sierra, and Windt 2013) , ukusebenzisa ama-covariate wangaphambi kokwelashwa esigabeni sokuklama kungasiza (Higgins, Sävje, and Sekhon 2016) . Ezimweni lapho abahlanganyeli befika khona ngokulandelana, ikakhulukazi ukuhlolwa kwenkambu e-intanethi, ukusebenzisa ulwazi lwe-pre-treatment esiteji sokuklama kungase kube nzima kakhulu; bheka, isibonelo, i- Xie and Aurisset (2016) .
Kufanelekile ukufaka intuition encane yokuthi kungani ukuhlukahluka kokungafani-ndlela kungasebenza kakhulu kunomthelela-okushiwo oyedwa. Imiphumela eminingi ye-intanethi inehlukahluka kakhulu (bheka isib. RA Lewis and Rao (2015) Lamb et al. (2015) ) futhi zizinzile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kulokhu, ukuguqulwa kwesilinganiso kuzoba nokuhluka okuncane kakhulu, okwandisa amandla we-test statistics. Esinye sezizathu ukuthi le ndlela ayisebenzisi kaningi yilokho ngaphambi kweminyaka yobudala, kwakungavamile ukuba nemiphumela yokwelapha. Indlela ekhonakala kakhulu yokucabanga ngalokhu ukucabanga ukuzama ukukala ukuthi isimiso esithile sokuzivocavoca sibangela ukulahlekelwa isisindo. Uma uthola indlela ehlukile-in-means, ukulinganisela kwakho kuzoba nokushintshashintsha okuvela ekuhlukeni kwezilinganiso kubantu. Uma wenza umehluko-umahluko, noma kunjalo, lokho okwenzeka ngokwezifiso ezilinganisweni kususiwe, futhi ungakwazi ukuthola kalula umehluko obangelwa ukwelashwa.
Ekugcineni, ngicabanga ukuthi nginezela i-R yesine: "ukuphindaphinda". Okungukuthi, uma abacwaningi bethola ulwazi oluningi lokuhlola kunokuba badinga ukubhekana nombuzo wabo wokucwaninga wangempela, kufanele babuyekeze idatha ukuze babuze imibuzo emisha. Isibonelo, cabanga ukuthi i-Kramer kanye nozakwethu basebenzise umlinganisi wokuhlukana okungafaniyo futhi bathole ngokwedatha eyengeziwe kunalokho okudingekayo ukubhekana nombuzo wabo wocwaningo. Esikhundleni sokungasebenzisi idatha ngokugcwele, bebengase bafunde ubukhulu bomphumela njengendlela yokukhuluma kwangaphambi kokwelapha ngokomzwelo. Njengoba nje Schultz et al. (2007) wathola ukuthi umphumela wokwelashwa wawuhlukile kubasebenzisi abanobucayi nabakhulu, mhlawumbe imiphumela ye-News Feed yayingafani kubantu abavele bejwayele ukuthumela imilayezo ejabulisayo (noma ebuhlungu). Ukuphindaphinda kungabangela "ukudoba" (Humphreys, Sierra, and Windt 2013) "p-hacking" (Simmons, Nelson, and Simonsohn 2011) , kodwa lokhu kukhulunywa kakhulu ngokuhlanganisa ukuthembeka (Simmons, Nelson, and Simonsohn 2011) , ngaphambi kokubhalisa (Humphreys, Sierra, and Windt 2013) , nezindlela zokufunda zomshini ezizama ukugwema ukuphelelwa isikhathi.


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Ukusetshenziswa kwamaphampu embonini yamakhemikhali
Ngokuthuthuka kwemboni yaseChina, imboni yocwaningo lwamakhemikhali, njll., amabhizinisi aseShayina angakwazi ukuqhathanisa izinhlobonhlobo nesakhiwo samaphampu asetshenziswa embonini yokuphatha amakhemikhali, futhi angethula ulwazi oluningi lwezobuchwepheshe, ubuchwepheshe, ukusebenza kanye nekhwalithi yenkonzo yomkhiqizo kuye kwaba kakhulu. ngcono.Iphampu yengcindezi engeyinhle iyiphampu ye-micro vacuum.Ngenxa yokuthi inozzle owodwa wokukhipha kanye ne-exhaust nozzle owodwa, futhi ingaqhubeka yenze i-vacuum noma ingcindezi engeyinhle endaweni yokungena, kwakheka ingcindezi encane ephozithivu ku-exhaust nozzle.Iphampu ye-evaporator circulation iwukugeleza okukhulu, i-low head axial flow pump, esetshenziselwa ngokukhethekile ukujikeleza okuphoqelekile kwama-evaporator ku-ammonium phosphate, ukukhiqizwa kukasawoti we-phosphoric acid vacuum, i-alumina, i-caustic soda, imboni yokukhanya nezinye izimboni.Iphampu ye-Sanitary centrifugal ingenye yezingxenye ezilula zemishini.Inhloso yawo ukuguqula amandla abe isivinini noma amandla e-kinetic kanye nokucindezela koketshezi olumpontshwayo bese kuba injini noma injini kagesi.Njengamanje, bayanda abakhiqizi bamaphampu akhipha i-vacuum e-China, kodwa uma kuqhathaniswa nemikhiqizo esetshenziswa embonini yenkampani yamakhemikhali, zisekhona izikhala eziningi ezweni lethu.
1. Izidingo zamaphampu ohlelweni lokukhiqiza nokusebenza kwamakhemikhali okuphepha.Imidiya yokuthutha abafundi: Emkhiqizweni wemboni yamakhemikhali, amaphampu akhipha ivacuum asetshenziselwa ukuthutha imidiya ehlanzekile njengamanzi, uwoyela noma ezinye izinto ezingezona izinto.Kulezi zici ezimbili, kulula ukuhlaziya ngokuklama nokusetshenziswa.Kodwa izindaba zokusebenza ze-mechatronics ziyahlukahluka ngohlobo kanye nemvelo ye-chemical reaction medium ethuthwayo.Ezimweni eziningi, imidiya yamakhemikhali ibhekisela ekusetshenzisweni kwemithombo yezindaba eyingozi kakhulu emphakathini.Imidiya ehanjiswayo iyaguquguquka noma izinga lokushisa eliphansi, noma idla kakhulu.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, bahlangabezana nezidingo zokubekwa uphawu okuqinile futhi abavumeli ukuvuza.Ngoshintsho olukhulu esikhathini sokufunda nokuguga kwabantu, ukusebenza kwayo kokubeka uphawu kuzoshintsha, futhi ukuvuza kuzokwanda.Izinhlobonhlobo zemidiya yamakhemikhali ezidluliswayo zithola izinhlobonhlobo zezidingo zamaphampu okukhipha i-vacuum.
1. Izinguquko kudatha yepharamitha yenqubo yokwakha phakathi nemisebenzi yokukhiqiza amakhemikhali zidinga amaphampu ngaphandle kwanoma yiliphi ikhono lokulawula izindleko zenqubo ekukhiqizeni amakhemikhali nezinqubo zokuphila.Ngeke iqedwe ngenqubo ezinzile futhi engaguquki.Phakathi nenqubo, izinguquko ezimweni ezifana nesimo sezulu, izinto zokusetshenziswa, njll. zingathinta ukuzinza kwalo lonke uhlelo.Ukulawulwa kuyindlela yokukhiqiza amakhemikhali ukuze uthole iphuzu elilinganiselayo ekuzilawuleni okuqhubekayo ukuze kuzuzwe ukuzinza kwesistimu.Kuyo yonke inqubo yokufundisa yokulungisa, iphampu yokukhipha ivacuum ibalulekile.Enkambweni yokulungiswa, ipompo yokukhipha i-vacuum kufanele imelane nezidingo zemizamo eqhubekayo yokuguqula ukugeleza, ukucindezela, ububanzi bamanje kanye nezinga lokushisa, okwenza kube nesidingo sokufaka amadrayivu emoto kagesi aguquguqukayo ezindaweni ezibalulekile ekukhiqizeni.Ijika lesici lamaphampu akhipha ivacuum ahlukene alungisa isimo sokusebenza sepompo ukuze sihambisane nesidingo esiphakathi sokudlulisa esidingwa ileveli yobuchwepheshe, ukuze kuzuzwe isimo sokusebenza esizinzile sokulawula okuzenzakalelayo kwemingcele yokukhiqizwa kwamakhemikhali ngomphumela omuhle.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-22-2022

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INKULUMO yesilungu ethi, ukuvaleka komunye umnyango ukuvuleka komunye, noma eyesiZulu ethi, izihlabathi ziyagqibana, yiqiniso elingephikiswe. Izolo kuqopheke umlando esizweni samaZulu nama-Afrika onkana. Umhla zintathu enyangeni kaZibandlela unyaka we-1971 uqoshwe njengosuku lapho inkosana kaZulu ebusayo yamiswa khona njengeNgonyama yamaZulu. Ngaleli langa iMbube yayibekwa esihlalweni sawoyise. Lolu suku lwalulukhulu kakhulu esizweni sikaPhunga noMageba.
Ngaleli langa amabandla ayephelele kumnyama amathafa wonke amabombo ebheke kwaNongoma, esigodlweni sakwaKhethomthandayo. Izibalo ezakhishwayo zaveza ukuthi abantu ababekhona babalelwa ezinkulungwaneni ezingamashumi amathathu, sisakhuluma ngabesilisa nje kuphela. Umnyakazo wawungekho kwaNongoma noma esifundazweni kuphela kodwa lalinyakaza lonke izwe, uZulu oseGoli, eMpumalanga, Zambia, Zimbabwe nasenkabazwe wawumemeza ngazwi liny uthi Bayede!
Akungabazisi ukuthi eNdlunkulu kaZulu nasesizweni sonke lolu suku kwakungelokusula izinyembezi. Phela lokhu kungenxa yokuthi nxa kubekwa enye iNgonyama kusuke kwedlule enye. NakuZulu-ke kwakusanda kukhothama iSilo sakwaKhethomthandayo eyayithi inyosi uMathambo Gwala nxa iseba ithi: Inkunzi elikhanda lubanzi yakoMathathela… ebuk’izinkomo yanyukubala yabuka’ amadoda yamomotheka, ubhusha obukhali, ubhush’ obhush’ amadoda. Uncwadi zaphum; emqulwini kunina okaMathathela…
Okwakubuhlungu ngukuthi iSilo sakwaKhethomthandayo sahamba sisincane kakhulu ngoba sesineminyaka engamashumi amane nane. Lokhu kwenza ukuthi othatha emva kwaso abe neminyaka emincane kakhulu, bheka nje ngoba iNgonyama ebusayo manje ngalowo nyaka mhla ithatha ismlalo yayineminyaka nje engamashumi amabili nantathu nje kuphela. Inyosi uNtulizempi Dlamini uyixoxa kangcono le ndaba ezibongweni zayo. Ngiyamthanda lapho ethi: uMthunduluka ovuthwe ngenala ngowoka thayiza Mdlokombana vuk’ume ngentaba udl’ amadoda.
Omunye uzothi Ie minyaka ibaluleke ngani? Umlando uyakuveza ukuthi eZingonyameni zikaZulu ngenxa yezizathu eziningana okubalwa izimpi, ukuhlukunyezwa ngohulumeni bengcindezelo njalo njalo eziningi kaziphilanga isikhathi eside. Nxa sibuka siyathola ukuthi iNgonyama eyaphila isikhathi eside endulo kwaba nguMsimude owavela ngesiluba phakathi kwamaNgisi namaQadasi, iNkonjane edukele ezulwini, unowela muva wawoShaka. Lena yiNgonyama uMpande kaSenzangakhona. INgonyama ekhona manje isibuse futhi yaphila isikhathi esedlula esoMsimude nokuyinto eyinqaba kutholwa. Kumqoka ukuqonda ukuthi ngisho ingabhekene nezimpi kepha nayo ebusayo idlule ezikhathini ezinzima futhi iphila esikhathini lapho isizwe sayo sibhekene nembedumehlwane yezifo, ububha nokuguquguqulca kwesimo sezulu.
Izalwe futhi yathatha isihlalo umbuso usezandleni zabacindezeli. Yaphinde yanenhlanhla yokuba khona mhla kubekwa umengameli wokuqala omnyama ngaphansi kwentando yabantu. Kepha iphila lapho abantu bayo bebhuqwa yingculazi, ububha nokunye. Lokho kwenza ibe nkulu ingcindezi kuso ukuba sihole abantu baso nokuyinto okubukeka sengathi iyayiqonda futhi ngezenzo iyabonakala isekhaleni lempi. Kulishwa ukuthi siphila esikhathini lapho okwethu kungaqhakanjiswa kepha okwezizwe kukukhulu.
Angingabazi ukuba lena yiNkosana yamaNgisi ngabe mkhulu umsindo okhona, kukhulunywa ngomlando nangalolu suku. Kodwa-ke …njengoba abazali bethu benza, noma ngabe kwenzekani, uZulu uyolala lapho kulala khona iNgonyama. Njengale ngosi, sithi khula Ntaba yezwe, khula Ndlovu edl’ezinye. Bayede!


text:
3 Bedroom Condo — Laajavuori Outdoor Activity Area
I-ifulethi ephelele ibungazwe ngu-Tapio
- Izivakashi ezingu- 8
- amakamelo okulala 3
- imibhede engu-6
- Amagumbi okugeza angu-1.5
Izilwane ezifuywayo zamukelekile
Woza uzohlala nezilwane zakho ezifuywayo.
Konke ukubhukha kuhlanganisa isivikelo samahhala sokukhansela koMbungazi, ukunganembi kwemininingwane yendlu, nezinye izinkinga ezinjengobunzima bokungena.
Eminye imininingwane ihunyushwe ngokuzenzakalelayo.
Lapho uzolala khona
Ikhasi 1 kwangu-2
Lokho ozokuthola kule ndawo
Ukubukeka kweshashalazi lokungena endaweni
Ukubukeka kwepaki
Indlela yokufinyelela ichibi
Indawo yokushushuluza eqhweni – Ku-ski run
Ikhishi
I-Wifi
Ukupaka okungakhokhelwa emgwaqeni ongenayo emagcekeni – isikhala esiyi-1
Izilwane ezifuyiwe zivunyelwe
I-TV ene- Isevisi evamile ye-cable kamabonakude
Amakhamera ezokuvikeleka endlini
Izici zezidingo zabakhubazekile
Le mininingwane inikezwe uMbungazi futhi yabuyekezwa yi-Airbnb.
4.39 out of 5 stars from 338 reviews
Inhlanzeko
Ukunemba
Ezokuxhumana
Indawo
Ngena
Inani
Lapho uzobe ukhona
Jyväskylä, i-Finland
- Ukubukeza okungu-364
- Ubuwena buqinisekisiwe
Phakathi nokuhlala kwakho
We can communicate in English and in Finnish, also somehow in Russian, Swedish, Estonian and Chinese. In some cases we can drive you from the bus and train station to the place of accommodation. If any needs, please ask, we are friendly and helpful people. If any local needs, we can try to help.
We can communicate in English and in Finnish, also somehow in Russian, Swedish, Estonian and Chinese. In some cases we can drive you from the bus and train station to the place of…
- Izilimi: 中文 (简体), English, Suomi, Pycckий
- Izinga lokuphendula: 100%
- Isikhathi sokuphendula: kungakapheli ihora
Ukuze uvikele ukukhokha kwakho, ungalokothi uthumele imali noma uxhumane nabantu ngaphandle kwewebhusayithi ye-Airbnb noma i-app.
Izinto okufanele uzazi
Imithetho yendlu
Ngena: Ngemva kwalokho 13:00
Isikhathi sokuphuma: 12:00
Akubhenywa
Ayikho imicimbi noma izenzakalo
Izilwane ezifuywayo zivunyelwe
Ezempilo & ukuphepha
Izinyathelo zokuphepha ze-COVID-19 ze-Airbnb ziyasebenza
Ikhamera yokuphepha/idivayisi yokuqopha Veza okwengeziwe
Isiqwashisi se-carbon monoxide
Isiqwashisi sentuthu


text:
NgoJulayi 9, iGM izonyusa ukukhiqizwa kwezimoto zikagesi zakwaChevrolet Bolt ngo-20% ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nesidingo esingaphezu kwalokho obekulindelwe emakethe.I-GM ithe e-United States, eCanada naseNingizimu Korea, ukuthengiswa komhlaba wonke kwe-Bolt EV engxenyeni yokuqala ka-2018 kukhuphuke ngo-40% uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi esifanayo ngonyaka odlule.
Isikhulu sakwaGM uMary Barra uthe enkulumweni yakhe ngoMashi ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kweBolt EV kungase kuqhubeke kwanda.I-Chevrolet Bolt EV ikhiqizwa embonini yeLake Orion eMichigan, futhi ukuthengiswa kwayo ezimakethe bekuyindlala.UMary Barra uthe engqungqutheleni ebise-Houston, “Ngokusekelwe ekukhuleni kwesidingo somhlaba wonke se-Chevrolet Bolt EV, simemezele ukuthi sizokwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwama-Bolt EV ngasekupheleni kwalo nyaka.
I-Chevrolet Bolt EV
Engxenyeni yokuqala yonyaka, i-Bolt EV ithengise amayunithi angu-7,858 e-United States (i-GM yamemezela kuphela ukuthengiswa engxenyeni yokuqala neyesibili), futhi ukuthengiswa kwezimoto kukhuphuke ngo-3.5% kusukela engxenyeni yokuqala ka-2017. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-Bolt's imbangi enkulu kulesi sigaba nguNissan Leaf.Ngokombiko wakwaNissan, umthamo wokudayiswa kwemoto kagesi i-LEAF e-United States ubungu-6,659.
UKurt McNeil, iphini likamongameli webhizinisi lokuthengisa likaGM, esitatimendeni, “Okuphumayo okwengeziwe kwanele ukuhambisana nokukhula kokuthengiswa kweBolt EV emhlabeni jikelele.Ukwandisa i-inventory yayo emakethe yase-US kuzokwenza umbono wethu wokungabi nalutho olukhishwayo emhlabeni ube Isinyathelo esiseduze. "
Ngaphandle kokudayiswa okuqondile nokuqashiswayo kubathengi, iChevrolet Bolt EV isiphinde yaguqulwa yaba iCruise Automation autopilot.Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi iGM ithole i-Cruise Automation ngo-2016.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-20-2020


text:
Central Mount Studio with Pool
Umbungazi ovelele
I-indlu yeholidi ephelele ibungazwe ngu-Kristin From Time In A Place
- Izivakashi ezingu- 2
- ikamelo lokulala 1
- umbhede ongu-1
- Igumbi lokugezela elilodwa
Ukuzingenela
Zingenise ngebhokisi lesikhiye.
U-Kristin From Time In A Place Ungumbungazi ovelele
Ababungazi Abahamba Phambili banesipiliyoni, ababungazi bezinga eliphezulu abazinikele ekuphatheni izivakashi ngendlela ekhethekile.
Indawo enhle
Izivakashi ezingu-95% zakamuva zinikeze indawo isilinganiso sezinkanyezi ezingu-5.
Konke ukubhukha kuhlanganisa isivikelo samahhala sokukhansela koMbungazi, ukunganembi kwemininingwane yendlu, nezinye izinkinga ezinjengobunzima bokungena.
Eminye imininingwane ihunyushwe ngokuzenzakalelayo.
Lapho uzolala khona
Igumbi
Umbhede omkhulu ongu-1
Lokho ozokuthola kule ndawo
Ukungena ebhishi
Ikhishi
I-Wifi
Ukupaka mahhala ngaphakathi endaweni
Kwabiwe indawo yokubhukuda - kutholakala ngezinkathi ezithile zonyaka, vula amahora athile
Izilwane ezifuyiwe zivunyelwe
I-TV
Imahhala umshini wokuwasha
Umshini womoya oqandisayo
Ayitholakali: i- I-alamu ye-carbon monoxide
4.79 out of 5 stars from 42 reviews
Inhlanzeko
Ukunemba
Ezokuxhumana
Indawo
Ngena
Inani
Lapho uzobe ukhona
Mount Maunganui, Bay of Plenty, i-New Zealand
- Ukubukeza okungu-2,661
- Ubuwena buqinisekisiwe
- Umbungazi ovelele
Sawubona! Sinesikhathi sokuphathwa kwezindlu zeholide ze-Place. Singabantu bendawo yesikhathi eside base-Mt Maunganui nase-Papamoa futhi sizama ukwenza ukuhlala kwakho e-Bay of Plenty kube mnandi. Sikumema ukuthi uze futhi ujabulele amabhishi ethu amahle, amathilomu nezindawo zokudlela futhi siyakujabulela ukunikeza iseluleko ngemisebenzi emihle esinayo. Uzothola ukuthi zonke izindlu zethu zihlanzekile futhi zilungiselelwe kahle izidingo zakho zeholide.
Isikhathi sebhizinisi lethu Endaweni sithatha inkinga kude nabanikazi bamakhaya amaholide ngokunikeza ukuphathwa kwekhaya lamaholide okuhlanganisa ukulungiselela amakhaya okuvumela isikhashana, ukuphatha ukubhukha nokusiza izindlu phakathi nokuhlala.
Isikhathi sebhizinisi lethu Endaweni sithatha inkinga kude nabanikazi bamakhaya amaholide ngokunikeza ukuphathwa kwekhaya lamaholide okuhlanganisa ukulungiselela amakhaya okuvumela isikhashana, ukuphatha ukubhukha nokusiza izindlu phakathi nokuhlala.
Sawubona! Sinesikhathi sokuphathwa kwezindlu zeholide ze-Place. Singabantu bendawo yesikhathi eside base-Mt Maunganui nase-Papamoa futhi sizama ukwenza ukuhlala kwakho e-Bay of Ple…
Phakathi nokuhlala kwakho
I am available during your stay if required.
UKristin From Time In A Place Ungumbungazi ovelele
Ababungazi Abahamba Phambili banesipiliyoni, ababungazi bezinga eliphezulu abazinikele ekuphatheni izivakashi ngendlela ekhethekile.
- Izinga lokuphendula: 98%
- Isikhathi sokuphendula: kungakapheli ihora
Ukuze uvikele ukukhokha kwakho, ungalokothi uthumele imali noma uxhumane nabantu ngaphandle kwewebhusayithi ye-Airbnb noma i-app.
Izinto okufanele uzazi
Imithetho yendlu
Ngena: Ngemva kwalokho 15:00
Isikhathi sokuphuma: 10:00
Ukuzingenela nge ibhokisi lesikhiye
Akubhenywa
Ayikho imicimbi noma izenzakalo
Izilwane ezifuywayo zivunyelwe
Ezempilo & ukuphepha
Izinyathelo zokuphepha ze-COVID-19 ze-Airbnb ziyasebenza
Isiqwashisi see-carbon monoxide asidingeki Veza okwengeziwe
Isiqwashisi sentuthu


text:
U-Luigys Toro ubhale izindatshana ezingama-368 kusukela ngoNovemba 2015
- I-21 Mar IPlatzi: Ipulatifomu ecacile yokufunda ngobuchwepheshe (Isipiliyoni sami)
- I-14 Mar Ungayisetha kanjani i-Brother laser printers ku-linux
- I-01 Mar Ubuchwepheshe bamahhala bukhulisa umthelela wabo ekugembuleni nokubheja okuku-inthanethi
- 27 Feb Hlola amaphrojekthi wakho we-React ngeReactotron
- 20 Feb Umhlangano wabachwepheshe be-SUSE eBarcelona
- 14 Feb Ungayiphatha kanjani imoto yakho nge-Odoo?
- 12 Feb Ngabe i- "Blockchain" ingasenza kanjani sikhululeke ngokwengeziwe?
- UJan 30 Ungazithola kanjani izimali zazo zonke izinhlobo zeLinux Mint
- UJan 25 Ungawasebenzisa kanjani amadivayisi ahlelwe nge-ExFAT ku-Linux
- UJan 23 Ungayibona kanjani intengo yeBitcoin namanye ama-Cryptocurrensets avela esigungwini
- UJan 22 I-Anarchy Linux: Ivuselela i-Arch
- UJan 19 Ungayifaka kanjani i-League of Legends ku-Ubuntu / Debian (2018 Method) (Okuzenzakalelayo)
- UJan 17 Okumnyama: Ithuluzi Lokuhamba Ngezithombe
- UJan 15 Ungayandisa kanjani inzuzo nge-software yamahhala
- UJan 09 StartupEngine: I-CMS enhle yokuqalisa ama-startups
- UJan 05 Yiba nguchwepheshe wokugenca nokuvikela
- UJan 03 I-Fsociety: Iphakethe elihle kakhulu lamathuluzi wokugenca
- UJan 02 gydl: Isibonisi sokuqhafaza se-youtube-dl
- Dis 27 I-FacturaScript ihlelwe kabusha ngo-2018
- Dis 27 Skena, uphathe futhi ufake kungobo yomlando amadokhumenti nge-Open-paperless


text:
Ividiyo ye-NR powder (23111-00-4)
I-Nicotinamide Riboside Chloride (NR) Siziqu
I-Nicotinamide Riboside Chloride
Umzimba womuntu uyisakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi esakhiwe ngamaseli, izicubu nezinhlelo zezitho zomzimba. Ukusebenza okufanele kwamaseli nezicubu emzimbeni kulawulwa futhi kusizwe ngamakhemikhali ahlukahlukene, ama-enzyme nezakhi zomzimba. Ezinye zazo umzimba ungazenza, kanti ezinye kufanele zisetshenziswe. Ngakho-ke, lezi zakhi zomzimba zisesimweni sokudla nezithasiselo. Enye yalezi zinto ezingasiza ekwelapheni nasekulawuleni umzimba ibizwa nge-nicotinamide riboside chloride (NR). Kuyasiza ukukhulisa inani le-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD +) emzimbeni.
Wenzani uNicotinamide Riboside Chloride?
INicotinamide Riboside Chloride, ebizwa nangokuthi i-NR, iyi-pyridine nucleoside kavithamini B3. Isebenza njengomanduleli we-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD +). Itholakala njengempuphu emhlophe ephuzi emhlophe. Ingenye yezandulela ze-NAD + ezifundwe kahle kakhulu njengoba inezinzuzo eziningi zezempilo.
I-NAD + ihlotshaniswe njengenye yezinto eziphambili ezisebenza kuzinqubo ezahlukahlukene ze-homeostasis emzimbeni. Kungasiza ekugcineni umzimba uphilile, kukhulise isikhathi sokuphila kwamaseli, kusize ekwenzeni imisebenzi ehlukahlukene yokwenziwa komzimba nokusiza ekwelapheni i-pathophysiologies ehlukahlukene emzimbeni.
I-NR powder ibonise ukusebenza kahle njengokwelashwa okukhulayo ezifweni ezahlukene. Emithamo ephezulu, i-NR ingaphatha izimo ezifana nezifo zenhliziyo, izifo ze-neurodegenerative, izifo zemisipha, kanye nokuphazamiseka komzimba. I-NR ikhonjisiwe futhi ukuthi ibambezela ukuguga kwamaseli futhi yandise impilo yawo. Kutholakala emikhiqizweni yokudla efana nenhlanzi, izinkukhu, amaqanda, ubisi nokusanhlamvu.
Wenzani uNicotinamide Riboside Chloride?
Ukuqonda okwenziwa yi-nicotinamide riboside chloride, kufanele siqale siqonde i-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide noma i-NAD +.
I-NAD + iyi-coenzyme ebalulekile emzimbeni womuntu. Isebenza ekwenzeni izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuhleleka komzimba. Ukuba khona kwayo emzimbeni kuyadingeka ekwelapheni izinhlobo eziningi zezifo. Kuyasiza nokukhiqiza amandla obuchopho, amaseli omzimba, kanye nemisipha.
Inani le-NAD + elingatholakala emithonjeni yokudla lincane kakhulu. Lokhu akwenele ukuthi amaseli amaningi omzimba awasebenzise. Ngakho-ke ukuze uwukhiqize, umzimba uhamba ezindleleni ezahlukahlukene. Kukhona izindlela ezintathu ezinkulu lapho i-NAD + ingahlanganiswa khona. Indlela ye-De novo synthesis, indlela ye-Preiss Handler, kanye nendlela ye-Salvage.
Umzila weSalvage uyinqubo evame kakhulu okwenziwa ngayo i-NAD + emzimbeni. Kule ndlela, i-NAD + ibhekana nokuphendula kwe-redox. Kubandakanya ukwehliswa ngama-elektroni amabili afanayo, lawo aguqulwa abe yifomu ebizwa ngokuthi i-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH). Njengoba ukwengezwa kokudla kunganele esidingweni somzimba se-NAD +, indlela ye-salvage isebenzisa iphinde isebenzise i-NAD + esivele isikhona nezinhlobo zayo ezihlukile.
Esinye sezenzo eziyinhloko ezenziwa yi-NAD + ukusebenzisa ama-sirtuin, iqembu lama-enzyme ayi-7, uSirt1 kuye kuSirt7. La ma-enzyme anomsebenzi wokulawula ukuguga nokuphila isikhathi eside kwamaseli. Ama-Sirtuin asebenza ngezinqubo eziningi ze-metabolic, njengokukhishwa kwe-insulin, ukugqugquzela ama-lipids, kanye nokuphendula kwengcindezi. Ingalawula ngisho nesikhathi sempilo. Ama-Sirtuin ayasebenza lapho amazinga e-NAD + enyuka.
I-NAD + futhi iyi-substrate yeqembu lamaprotheni abizwa nge-poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP). Inesibopho sokulungiswa kwe-DNA nokuzinza kuma-genomes futhi kungenzeka ukuthi ibhekele isikhathi eside sokuphila.
Amazinga we-NAD + ancipha ngobudala nokugula. Ezinye zezizathu zokwehla kwayo ukuvuvukala okungapheli, ukukhuphula ukusebenza kwamasosha omzimba, kanye nokwehla komsebenzi we-nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), okuholela ekukhiqizweni kwawo okunciphile. Njengoba umzimba womuntu uguga, izinga lokulimala kwe-DNA lenyuka ngamathuba amancane okulungiswa, kubangele ukuguga nomdlavuza.
Kunezindlela ezimbalwa zokwandisa amazinga wamazinga we-NAD + emzimbeni. Badla kancane futhi balawula inani lama-calories, ukuzila ukudla, nokuzivocavoca umzimba. Le misebenzi ingasiza futhi ukugcina umzimba uphilile futhi usebenza.
Amanye amasu okwandisa i-NAD + afaka phakathi ukusebenzisa i-tryptophan ne-niacin nokuthatha ama-NAD + boosters afana ne-nicotinamide riboside chloride ne-nicotinamide mononucleotide.
INicotinamide riboside chloride iyisandulela esingakhuphula amazinga eselula eNAD +. Futhi kungumthombo weVitamin B3. Kungumkhiqizo osebenza endleleni ye-salvage yokukhiqizwa kwe-NAD +. Ishintsha ibe yi-nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) ngosizo lwe-enzyme NR kinase Nrk1. Ngemuva kwalokho iphinda iguquke ibe yi-NAD +.
Ngemuva kokunikeza i-NR, amazinga e-NAD + akhula emzimbeni, bese usatshalaliswa ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene. Ayikwazi ukweqa umgoqo wobuchopho begazi, kepha iguqulwa ibe yi-nicotinamide bese ithuthelwa ebuchosheni nakwezinye izicubu lapho yakha khona i-NAD +.
Ulwazi oluningi mayelana nokusebenza kweNicotinamide Riboside chloride luvela ocwaningweni lwezilwane. Ucwaningo olwenziwe ngabantu lusanqunyelwe futhi luyadingeka kakhulu.
Izinzuzo zeNicotinamide Riboside Chloride
Kunemihlomulo eminingana yokusebenzisa i-Nicotinamide Riboside Chloride. Kunjalo:
Umphumela Wezifo Ze-Neuromuscular
Amandla kaNicotinamide riboside chloride okwandisa i-NAD + angathuthukisa imisebenzi ye-mitochondria. Lokhu kungasiza ekwelapheni i-mitochondrial myopathies [1]. I-NR powder nayo ikhonjisiwe ukuthi iyasebenza ekuthuthukiseni imisebenzi yama-dystrophies emisipha.
Imiphumela ezifweni zenhliziyo
Noma yiziphi izinkinga nge-NAD + metabolism zingadala izinkinga ngenhliziyo nangemithambo yegazi. Kungadala izimo ezinjengokwehluleka kwenhliziyo, ukucindezelwa ngokweqile, i-myocardial infarction, njll. I-NR supplementation ingaletha isilinganiso se-NAD + ne-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide + hydrogen (I-NADH) ejwayelekile futhi imise ukulungiswa okungathandeki kwezicubu zenhliziyo [2]. Kungaguqula futhi imiphumela yokuhluleka kwenhliziyo.
Imiphumela ezifweni ze-neurodegenerative
Izifo ze-Neurodegenerative zivame ukwenzeka ngokuguga. Zihlotshaniswa nengcindezi ye-oxidative engadala ukulimala ku-DNA. Imvamisa, kuzoba nezenzo ezingajwayelekile ze-mitochondria, okulandela ezinye izici lapho amaseli engeke akwazi ukusebenza kahle. I-NAD + incipha ngenani njengoba umzimba uguga, okuholela ekusebenzeni okungafanele kwe-mitochondria. Lokhu kungadala izifo ezahlukahlukene ze-neurodegenerative. Kungakhuphula namathuba wesifo i-Alzheimer's.
INicotinamide Riboside chloride inyusa inani le-NAD + emzimbeni, inciphisa ukucindezeleka okwenziwe nge-oxidative, futhi ingalungisa ne-DNA elimele. Kuyasiza futhi ekwelapheni isifo i-Alzheimer's kumagundane [3]. Kunganciphisa nokuvuvukala ebuchosheni, kusize ukuthuthukisa ukuqonda nokukhumbula [4]. Lokhu kungakwenza ngokunciphisa inani le-amyloid-B precursor protein nokuvimbela i-amyloidogenesis.
I-NR powder ingabuye imise ukuwohloka kwama-axon ezinhlobo ezingapheli zezifo ze-neurodegenerative ngokuguqula imetabolism ye-NR ku-axon [5]. Ukwehla kwama-ganglion neurons avunguza okungagcini amaseli ezinwele ezi-cochlear kungenzeka ngemuva kokuchayeka emisindweni eyeqile. I-NR ikhombisile ukuthi iyasebenza ekuvimbeleni ukulahleka kokuzwa okubangelwa umsindo. Lokhu ikwenza ngokusebenza kwi-sirtuin noma indlela encike ku-SIRT3 eyehlisa ukonakala kwe-neurite [6].
Umphumela kwabanesifo sikashukela
INicotinamide ribonucleoside chloride ikhombisile ukuthi iyasebenza ekwehliseni izimpawu zokuphazamiseka kwemetabolism njengohlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo II [7]. Kukhonjisiwe ukuthi kuthuthukisa ukubekezelelana kwe-glucose, kwehlise isisindo futhi kulaphe ukulimala kwesibindi kumagundane. Ngakho-ke kungasebenza ekwelapheni abantu futhi.
Umphumela empilweni yesibindi
Izimo zesibindi ezinjengesifo sesibindi esinamafutha angenalo utshwala zibonisiwe ukuthi zibangela ukuntuleka kwe-NAD +. Ngakho-ke, ukwengeza nge-NR powder kungasiza ekululameni okungcono kulezi zimo [8].
Umphumela Ekugugeni
I-NAD + nayo itholakale ukuthi inciphisa ukuguga kwamaseli nokuwavuselela. Kutholakale futhi ukuthi kuthuthukiswa imisebenzi ye-stem cell nayo esiza ukunciphisa ukuguga [9].
Usizo lweNicotinamide Riboside Chloride Ngaphezulu Kwamanye ama-NAD + Precursors
I-NR inokutholakala okungcono kwe-bioavailability futhi iphephe ukusetshenziswa uma iqhathaniswa nezinye izandulela. Kukhonjisiwe ukukhulisa amazinga we-NAD + ngaphezulu ekudleni ngomlomo kumagundane futhi kunikeze ne-NAD + eminingi emisipha uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye ezandulelayo. Ingalawula futhi amazinga e-lipid egazi kangcono futhi inyuse izinga le-NAD + enhliziyweni [10].
Imiphumela emibi yeNicotinamide Riboside Chloride
Ukudla ngomlomo kwe-nicotinamide riboside chloride ngamanani aphansi kuphephe kakhulu. Kungafaka eminye imiphumela emibi efana ne-
- I-nausea
- Ukuvimbela
- Edema
- Itching
- Ukukhathala
- Ukuphathwa yikhanda
- Uhudo
- Isihlungu esiswini
- Ukuzithoba
- Ukuvota
Ungayithenga Kanjani iNicotinamide Riboside Chloride?
Uma ufuna ukuthenga i-NR powder, kungcono ukuxhumana ngqo nefektri yabakhiqizi beNicotinamide Riboside Chloride. Kuqinisekisa ukuthi kusetshenziswa izinto ezinhle kakhulu ekukhiqizeni, ngaphansi kweso elibukhali lochwepheshe emkhakheni ohlobene. Le mikhiqizo yenziwa ngokulandela imihlahlandlela eqinile yokuphepha eqinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizo usezingeni eliphakeme, ngamandla amakhulu, futhi uhlanganiswe kahle. Ngokuya ngesidingo somsebenzisi, ama-oda angenziwa ngezifiso ukuze ahambisane nokunambitheka kwawo okuthile.
Uma umkhiqizo wenziwe, udinga ukugcinwa ezingeni lokushisa elibandayo lika-0 kuye ku-4C isikhathi esifushane no -20C esikhathini eside. Ukuyivimbela ukuthi ingonakali noma isabele ngamanye amakhemikhali asemvelweni.
Okubhekwayo
- I-Chi Y, i-Sauve AA. I-Nicotinamide riboside, isakhi somkhondo ekudleni, siyivithamini B3 elinemiphumela kumandla we-metabolism kanye ne-neuroprotection. UCrr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Ukunakekelwa. 2013 Nov; 16 (6): 657-61. doi: 10.1097 / MCO.0b013e32836510c0. Buyekeza. I-PubMed PMID: 24071780.
- I-Bogan KL, i-Brenner C. Nicotinic acid, i-nicotinamide, ne-nicotinamide riboside: ukuhlolwa kwamangqamuzana amavithamini e-NAD + angaphambili ekudleni kwabantu. Annu Rev Nutr. 2008; 28: 115-30. doi: 10.1146 / annurev.nutr.28.061807.155443. Buyekeza. I-PubMed PMID: 18429699.
- I-Ghanta S, i-Grossmann RE, i-Brenner C. Mitochondrial protein acetylation njenge-cell-intrinsic, driver of changesism of kwisitoreji samafutha: logic yamakhemikhali ne-metabolic yokuguqulwa kwe-acetyl-lysine. UCr Rev Rev Biochem Mol Biol. 2013 Nov-Dec; 48 (6): 561-74. doi: 10.3109 / 10409238.2013.838204. Buyekeza. I-PubMed PMID: 24050258; I-PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4113336.
- Konke okudingeka Ukwazi NgeNicotinamide Riboside Chloride


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Abafundi bezeMfundo bakhulume ngeService-Learning
Click here for English version
Abafundi abane bezeMfundo bethule inkulumo kwingosi yokuxhumana ngobuchwepheshe ye-Service-Learning Forum, ebihlelwe yi-Municipal Institue of Learning (i-MILE) kaMasipala waseThekwini ngaphansi kwesihloko esithi: Service-Learning for Social Transformation.
Uthisha osemnkantshubomvu noMholi wezeziFundo, uDkt Angela James ubewumeluleki wesethulo se-Community Engagement eSikoleni sezeMfundo.
UMnu Luthando Molefe, umfundi we-Onazi kwezeMfundo (eziFundweni zokuThuthukisa oThisha), uthe i-Service-Learning iwuhlelo lokufunda nokufundisa oluhlanganise ukusebenzela umphakathi nokufundiswa nokubonisa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ulwazi lokufunda, ukufundisa ukusebenzela umphakathi nokusimamisa imiphakathi.
‘Ubuhle be-Service-Learning wukuthi inikeza abafundi amandla okukwazi ukwenza izinto abazifunde ekilasini, ibe ibasiza ukuthi bathuthukise amakhono okuphilisana nabanye abantu njengokwenza ingosi yokukwazi ukusebenzisana nokuthola amakhono obuholi. Ngokwemfundo, yenza abafundi bakwazi ukucabanga bajule, bakhule ngokomqondo, bakwazi ukuxazulula izinkinga nokuthatha izinqumo,’ kusho yena.
UNks Jennifer Sheokarah, umfundi owenza iziqu zobudokotela (kwezeMfundo zoLimi lwesiNgisi), uthe: 'I-Service-Learning ididiyela izinto ezimbili okungukuCwaninga/ukuFunda nokuba wusizo emphakathini. Ngikholwa wukuthi kumqoka kakhulu ukuhlanganisa lezi zinto zombili njengoba zingagcini nje ngokukhulisa umuntu kepha futhi zikhulisa nabanye; kuhlomule wonke umuntu ngaleyo ndlela.’
Uthe ‘izinto ze-Servce-Learning ziyingxenye yezifundo zobudokotela engizenzayo, lapho ngihlomisa khona abafundi babaNtu ukusebenzisa izindlela ezintsha zokufundisa nezokufunda’.
UNks Lungelo Mdluli, umfundi we-Bachelor of Education, ukhulume ngokuthi i-Service-Learning isho ukuthini kothisha. ‘Othisha nabafundi isikhathi esiningi bahlala ndawonye ngesikhathi sesikole. Kodwa indlela othisha abaqonda ngayo ubudlelwano babo nabafundi nozakwabo yenziwa yisilabhasi ehleliwe. Sincane isikhathi sokuba nezingxoxo ngezinto ezenzeka emphakathini,’ kusho yena.
‘Nge-Service-Learning izifundiswa ziba ngumzimba owodwa osebenzisa indlela ehlelekile yokumba izindaba ezifihlekile kodwa ezivundululekayo ngesikhathi se-Service-Learning, lapho abantu bekhuluma iqiniso ngezinto asebeke bazibona noma zabehlela.’
Umfundi we-Onazi kwezeMfundo, uNks Caitlin Govender uxoxe ngomlando wakhe. ‘Ngenkathi ngithola umsebenzi, ngangivama ukwenza izinto ezinhle, ngibuye ngiqhube nempilo yami, ngangingawazi umsebenzi wami emphakathini kanti ngicabanga ukuthi loko kuyabakhathaza abafundi. Umbuzo okufanele siwubuzele abafundi bethu uthi ingabe bazoba naliphi iqhaza emiphakathini yangakubo ngomuso? Bangakwenzeli amamaki nje loku kuphela noma umsebenzi wabo wansuku zonke. Ukuzibuza uziphendule ngenye yezindlela ezimqoka zokushintsha ngoba ngale ngokubheka emuva, uzibuze uziphendule, kuba yimibuzo engatheni noma imicabango.'
Amagama: ngu-Melissa Mungroo
Isithombe: Sithunyelwe


text:
Isifo seCoronavirus 2019
Isifo seCoronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) yisifo esitholakala lapho umuntu onegciwane le-coronavirus (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) ethelela abanye abantu.[1] Umuntu, noma ngokuthinta izindawo ezihlangene negciwane bese uthinta amehlo, ikhala noma umlomo. Imvamisa, leli gciwane lisakazeka ngamaconsi okuphefumula adalwa lapho umuntu onegciwane ekhwehlela noma ethimula. Noma ngubani osondele ngokwanele (ngaphansi kwamamitha ayi-1,8) kumuntu othophayo noma okhophayo makhulu angatheleleka ngegciwane. Ngenye indlela umuntu angangenwa yileli gciwane ngokuthinta indawo ethelelekile bese ethinta amehlo akho, izindlebe noma ikhala ngaphandle kokubulala amagciwane izandla zakho.[2]
Imvelaphi[hlela | Hlela umthombo]
Lesi sifo saqala ukukhonjwa eWuhan, inhloko-dolobha yesifundazwe saseHubei eChina, ngasekupheleni kuka-2019. Kusukela lapho, lesi sifo sisakazekele emhlabeni wonke. Ngomhlaka 11 Mashi 2020, i-World Health Organisation yamemezela lesi sifo njengesifo. Ubhubhane yisifo esisakaze ezingxenyeni ezinkulu zomhlaba noma emhlabeni wonke. Amazwe athinteke kakhulu yileli gciwane athole amazinga okufa aphezulu nengcindezi enkulu ezinhlelweni zawo zezempilo. Umqondisi jikelele wenhlangano ebhekele ezempilo emhlabeni jikelele, uDkt Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, waveza ukuthi, "Lesi akusona isimo sezempilo esidlangalaleni nje, kunenkinga ezothinta yonke imikhakha - ngakho-ke wonke umkhakha nawo wonke umuntu kumele abambe iqhaza ekulweni.”
Iningizimu Afrika[hlela | Hlela umthombo]
Okwamanje kukhona (njengaku-30 Meyi 2020) abantu abayi-30 967 abahlole ngokuphelele i-coronavirus eNingizimu Afrika. Amakhulu ayisithupha namashumi amane nantathu abulewe yilesi sifo, kanti abantu abangama-16 116 sebethole ukwelulama ngokuphelele. Ngokusho koMnyango Kazwelonke Wezempilo, "ukuqagelwa kwamanje kulinganisela ukuthi leli gciwane lingathinta ama-60% abantu baseNingizimu Afrika ngasikhathi sinye, kodwa hhayi ngasikhathi sinye."[3] Ukuvikela ukusakazeka kwalesi sifo, izwe selibe ukuvalwa ngokusemthethweni kusukela ngomhlaka 27 Mashi 2020. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uMengameli uRamaphosa umemezele ngomhlaka 30 Mashi 2020 ukuthi abasebenzi bezempilo abayi-10 000 bahlanganisiwe ukuhambela amakhaya bayohlola abantu ukuthi bathola leli gciwane.
Izimpawu nokwelashwa[hlela | Hlela umthombo]
Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu zokutheleleka zibandakanya ukukhwehlela, umkhuhlane, ukukhathala kanye nokuphefumula. Ezinye izinkomba zingafaka izinhlungu zemisipha, ukukhiqizwa komphimbo, uhudo, umphimbo obuhlungu, ukulahleka kwephunga nobuhlungu besisu. Uma umuntu etheleleke nge-coronavirus, izimpawu zingavela ezinsukwini ezi-2 kuye kwezingu-14 ngemuva kokutheleleka, kepha iningi labantu lizokhombisa izimpawu ezinsukwini ezinhlanu ngemuva kokutheleleka.Abantu abaningi bazokhombisa kuphela izimpawu eziphambile. Ezimweni ezinzima, ukutheleleka kungaholela ebubini kanye nokuhluleka kwezitho. Izimpawu ezinkulu zidinga usizo oluphuthumayo lwezokwelapha.
Abantu bangangenwa yileli gciwane futhi bangakhombisi zimpawu. Lokhu kwaziwa ngokuthi yi-asymptomatic. Noma umuntu onegciwane engakhombisi zimpawu, uzothela abanye abantu ahlangana nabo. Lesi ngesinye sezizathu zokusabalala kwalesi sifo ngokushesha.
Odokotela bavivinya i-coronavirus ngokuthola i-swab yamakhala kumuntu okusolwa ukuthi unalesi sifo. Lokhu kwaziwa njenge swab yesosopharyngeal. Lesi sifo singatholakala nange-CT scan.
Uma umuntu ehlolelwa ukuthi unegciwane, uzolaliswa esibhedlela futhi ahlukaniswe nabantu abangenalo igciwane. Yize njengamanje lungekho ikhambi laleli gciwane, abantu abaningi bazosinda kulesi sifo uma bethola ukwelashwa okufanele.
Ukuvimbela[hlela | Hlela umthombo]
Ukusakazeka kwalesi sifo kuvinjelwa ikakhulukazi ngokugcina ibanga elingokomzimba kwabanye abantu nokugwema izixuku noma izikhala ezigcwele abantu. Lokhu kwaziwa njengokuqhelelana komphakathi. Lapho ukuthintana kungavinjelwa khona, kunconywa ukusebenzisa imaskhi yobuso (noma ukumboza ukukhwehlela nokuthimisa ngethishu noma ngendololondo yangaphakathi) kanye nokugqoka amagilavu we-latex kuyanconywa. Ngokwengeziwe abantu kufanele bageze izandla zabo njalo ngensipho noma nge-sanitizer esekwe utshwala okungenani imizuzwana engama-20. Ekugcineni abantu bayalwa ukuthi bangathinti ubuso babo ngezandla ezingagezwanga.
Izinkomba[hlela | Hlela umthombo]
- ↑ "Naming the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and the virus that causes it". www.who.int (in i-English). Kulandwe ngomhlaka 2020-04-06.
- ↑ CDC (2020-02-11). "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (in i-English). Kulandwe ngomhlaka 2020-04-06.
- ↑ "COVID-19 / Novel Coronavirus | South African Government". www.gov.za. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 2020-04-06.


text:
Luhunyushwe: nguSibongiseni Gumbi
Ngesikhathi uThami Mazibuko ebuyela ekhaya eZondi, eSoweto ngo-2015 kulandela ukuhlala edolobheni laseGoli iminyaka embalwa, washeshe wakuqaphela ukuthi azikho izitolo ezidayisa izincwadi kuleli lokishi – ayisaphathwa eyeziphethwe ngabantu abamnyama.
“Abantu basemalokishini nasezindaweni ezazicindezelekile phambilini abanayo indlela yokuthola izincwadi. Izincwadi ziyivela kancane kubo. Abekho abantu abamnyama abasebancane abanezitolo ezidayisa izincwadi eSoweto,” kusho uMazibuko.
Lena yiyona kanye indlela umcabango wokuvula iSoweto Book Café owavela ngayo. Waqala ngezincwadi ezingamashumi amathathu (30) ayeziqokelelele zona ngokwakhe. Abangani babe sebenikela ngezabo kwaba wukuqala kokukhula “kwesitolo” sakhe – kuke kwanesikhathi la bekunezincwadi ezehlukene eziyizinkulungwane eziyishumi (10 000) kule ndawo yakhe.
Kwabe sekuba nesikole esanikela ngazo zonke izincwadi zomtapo waso wolwazi okwakukhona kuzo izincwadi zezifundo ezikhethekile namanoveli esiXhosa, isiZulu, isiSuthu nezinye izilimi ezehlukene.
Kulapho ke uMazibuko abona khona ukuthi sekushaye isikhathi sokuthi angagcini ngokuqoqa izincwadi nje kuphela, kodwa kumele athole nendlela yokwabelana ngazo nabanye. Yilapho okwaqala khona ukuthi amalungu omphakathi efika athathe noma yiziphi izincwadi azidingayo mahhala. Wabe esezidlulisela ezikoleni ezehlukene eSoweto ezinye zezincwadi. Ukulangazelela izincwadi abazozifunda kwabantu baseZondi kusukela ezinganeni kuya kwabadala kwammangaza. UMazibuko wabe esesheshe ebona ukuthi lento ayiqalile ingagcina ingaphezulu kwesitolo nje njengokucabanga kwakhe.
Umcabango wokuthi asibize ngomtapo wolwazi waqhamuka nezingane ezazithutheleka ngobuningi kule ndawo yakhe. Bazisholo bona abantwana ukuthi abanawo umtapo wolwazi oseduze nala behlala khona kanti abawaziyo yilo eseMndeni noseMofolo eqhele ngamakhilomitha amahlanu kuya kwayishumi uma usuka eZondi.
“Wawuthola kuqhamuka umuntu osekhulile okuthandayo ukufunda kodwa ongenazo izincwadi ethi kuwe, ‘Oh kanti unezincwadi lapha, ngangikuthanda ukufunda, mhalwumbe sekumele ngibuyele kukho’,” kusho uMazibuko. Lezi zingxoxo ezinjena nendlela umphakathi owayamukela ngayo iSoweto Book Café yikho okumfaka umfutho wokuthi aqhubeke uMazibuko.
Ukwakha umphakathi
USindisiwe Zulu ufundela izingane izindaba ezincwadini futhi ungumbhali kanti unanenhlangano engezi nzuzo esebenzisana neSoweto Book Café. Le ntokazi igxile kakhulu ekuphuculeni amakhono okufunda nokubhala ezinganeni ezisencane eJabulani, eZondi naseMofolo. Ukusebenza kwakhe engxenyeni yezincwadi zezingane emtapweni wolwazi waseJabavu yikho okwamfaka umfutho wokuthi aqale isigungu sokufunda izincwadi ekhaya kubo. Kungaleso sikhathi aqaphela khona ukuthi ingane kadadewabo omdala yayinenkinga esikoleni. Kwathi uma eyibuza ukuthi inkinga ikuphi, le ngane yathi kuye, “IsiNgisi. Asikwazi ukusifunda. Kokunye siyasifunda kodwa singakuqondi esikufundayo.”
Kulapho ke umcabango wenhlangano yakhe owaqhamuka khona. Njengeshoshozela lokufunda, wabe esehlanganiswa noMazibuko neSoweto Book Café, okuyindawo eyavele yafana nekhaya kuye. Ubudlelwano balaba ‘bantu bezincwadi’ sekuzale izinhlezo eziningi ezehlukene zeSoweto Book Café, okukhona kuzo nezifundo zangeMigqibelo zezingane ezineminyaka emine kuya kwezineshumi nesithupha (16), ezethulwa nguZulu.
U-Anele Ndlovu oneminyaka eyishumi nane (14) wezwa ngomngani ngeSoweto Book Café, wabe esethatha udadewabo nabangani ababambalwa ukuya khona kanti manje sebengabantu bakhona. Usenanegama abiza ngalo uMazibuko njengoba embiza “ngoMalume Tee” kanti le ndawo seyiyinto enkulu ezimpilweni zezingane zasendaweni – kulapho bethola khona ukwelulekwa, ukwesekwa nosizo njengoba besafunda impilo elokishini.
“Ngiza lapha ukuzozichithela isikhathi, ngishaywe umoya bese ngiqaqa nengqondo uma ngizizwa nginokhwantalala. Ngifika lapha ngifunde incwadi ngokuthula… le ndawo ikwenza ukhululeke kanti noMalume Tee unomoya omuhle futhi uyasisiza ngezinto eziningi,” kusho uNdlovu.
Izincwadi zakha amabhuloho
UMondi “Mordecai” Loni unebhizinisi elincane lokushicilela izincwadi eSoweto kanti wahlanganiswa noMazibuko ngumngani wabo bobabili onesitolo sezincwadi eMaboneng phakathi edolobheni laseGoli.
Kunezincwadi eziyishumi emashalofini eSoweto Book Café ezishicilelwe nguLoni kule minyaka eyishumi enza lo msebenzi. Lokhu kuwubufakazi bomthelela weSoweto Book Café nokuthi iwavule kanjani amabhuloho awelela emathubeni amasha kubantu abasebasha abasendimeni yokushicilela.
“ISoweto Book Café isondeza abantu ezincwadini,” kusho uLoni.
KuJabulani Masimuli, ongumholi womphakathi nomeseki omkhulu wezinhlelo zeSoweto Book Café, le ndawo inika izingane zasendaweni indlela elula yokuthola ulwazi ukuze zazi ukuthi kwenzakalani emhlabeni.
“Into esishoda ngayo yizindlela zokwabelana ngolwazi… izingane ziyaqeda esikoleni bese zidinga ukuba nolwazi olwendlalekile lokwenza izinto, kanti nokuguquka kwezwe kusho ukuthi kumele sihlale sinolwazi ngokwenzekayo ngoba yonke into seyenziwa ngamakhompyutha,” kusho uMasimuli.
Omunye ofaka isandla nguSipho Ndlovu. Ukuxhumana kwakhe neSoweto Book Café kungenxa yenhlangano engenzi nzuzo angumphathi wayo. Bahlanganyele ezinhlelweni ezehlukene eziphethe ngokuthi babe nohambo oluya eGermany ngo-2019 ukuyohlangana nezinye izinhlangano ezinezinhloso ezifana nezabo.
Ngokubona kukaNdlovu, iSoweto Book Café “isiza ukususa izindonga ezihlukanise abantu, ihlanganise abantu abahlukene endaweni eyodwa, kusukela ezinganeni kuya kwabadala”, okuyinto engafani nezinye izindawo ezingenakho ukwemukela abantu okwenza zigcine zingenabo abantu abazihambelayo. Inhloso ehlanganisa inhlangano yakhe neSoweto Book Café ‘wukubuyisela izincwadi emfashinini’ futhi lokho kubukeka bekwenza uma ubheka okwenzeka nsukuzonke eSoweto Book Café.
Izinhlelo zekusasa zifaka nokuba nomcimbi omkhulu ozovulela ithuba abafundi, abashicileli nabathandi bezincwadi indawo yokuxhumana ukuvala isikhala esavuleka ngokuvalwa kwe-Abantu Book Festival, obekuwumcimbi obalulekile obewenziwa eSoweto kule minyaka embalwa edlule.
ISoweto Book Café seyiphenduke inqaba kayitshelwana kubantu baseZondi, eSoweto la betapa khona ulwazi njengoba kuyindawo abathola kuyo izincwadi, ubuciko obehlukene nokunye okuningi.


text:
Very clean 2-bedroom Apt. in St. Georges, Grenada
I-iyunithi yokuqasha ephelele ibungazwe ngu-Ritchie
- Izivakashi ezingu- 4
- amakamelo okulala 2
- imibhede engu-2
- Igumbi lokugezela elilodwa
Okokuzithokozisa kokungena okuhle kakhulu
Izivakashi ezingu-100% zakamuva zinikeze inqubo yokungena isilinganiso sezinkanyezi ezingu-5.
Umbungazi osemnkantsh'ubomvu
U-Ritchie unokuphawula okungu-29 kwezinye izindawo.
Ukukhansela kwamahhala amahora angu-48.
Konke ukubhukha kuhlanganisa isivikelo samahhala sokukhansela koMbungazi, ukunganembi kwemininingwane yendlu, nezinye izinkinga ezinjengobunzima bokungena.
Eminye imininingwane ihunyushwe ngokuzenzakalelayo.
Lokho ozokuthola kule ndawo
Ikhishi
I-Wifi
Ukupaka emugwaqweni kwamahhala
I-TV
Imahhala umshini wokuwasha – Kuyunithi
Umshini womoya oqandisayo
Isiqandisi
Ayitholakali: i- I-alamu ye-carbon monoxide
Ayitholakali: i- I-alamu yesimoko
4.33 out of 5 stars from 3 reviews
Inhlanzeko
Ukunemba
Ezokuxhumana
Indawo
Ngena
Inani
Lapho uzobe ukhona
Saint George's, Saint George, i-Grenada
- Ukubukeza okungu-32
- Ubuwena buqinisekisiwe
Sinikeza amayunithi ahlukene angu-7 e-Grenada
a. ifulethi elinekamelo lokulala elilodwa e-Sauteurs ogwini olusenyakatho ye-Grenada
b. ifulethi elinekamelo lokulala elilodwa e-Gouyave, ohlangothini olusentshonalanga
lwe-Grenada c. ifulethi elinamakamelo okulala amabili e-Gouyave, ohlangothini olusentshonalanga lwe-Grenada
d. indlu enamagumbi okulala amathathu e-Gouyave, ohlangothini olusentshonalanga lwe-Grenada.
mhlawumbe ifulethi ehlanzeke kakhulu elinekamelo lokulala eliyi-1 e-St. Georges
f. ifulethi ehlanzeke kakhulu lamakamelo okulala angu-2 e-St. Georges nase
g. ifulethi ehlanzeke kakhulu lamakamelo okulala angu-3 e-St. Georges
U-Andrea no-Andrea bangabanakekeli futhi bangazama ukwenza ukuhlala kwakho kube ntofontofo futhi kujabulise ngenkathi uhlala nathi. Singathanda ukukubungaza futhi ungathola ukubona ama-Sautuers eNyakatho ne-Gouyave ohlangothini lweNtshonalanga yesiqhingi ngokuhlukanisa izinsuku zakho uma isitholakala.
a. ifulethi elinekamelo lokulala elilodwa e-Sauteurs ogwini olusenyakatho ye-Grenada
b. ifulethi elinekamelo lokulala elilodwa e-Gouyave, ohlangothini olusentshonalanga
lwe-Grenada c. ifulethi elinamakamelo okulala amabili e-Gouyave, ohlangothini olusentshonalanga lwe-Grenada
d. indlu enamagumbi okulala amathathu e-Gouyave, ohlangothini olusentshonalanga lwe-Grenada.
mhlawumbe ifulethi ehlanzeke kakhulu elinekamelo lokulala eliyi-1 e-St. Georges
f. ifulethi ehlanzeke kakhulu lamakamelo okulala angu-2 e-St. Georges nase
g. ifulethi ehlanzeke kakhulu lamakamelo okulala angu-3 e-St. Georges
U-Andrea no-Andrea bangabanakekeli futhi bangazama ukwenza ukuhlala kwakho kube ntofontofo futhi kujabulise ngenkathi uhlala nathi. Singathanda ukukubungaza futhi ungathola ukubona ama-Sautuers eNyakatho ne-Gouyave ohlangothini lweNtshonalanga yesiqhingi ngokuhlukanisa izinsuku zakho uma isitholakala.
Sinikeza amayunithi ahlukene angu-7 e-Grenada
a. ifulethi elinekamelo lokulala elilodwa e-Sauteurs ogwini olusenyakatho ye-Grenada
b. ifulethi elinekamelo lokulala elilod…
a. ifulethi elinekamelo lokulala elilodwa e-Sauteurs ogwini olusenyakatho ye-Grenada
b. ifulethi elinekamelo lokulala elilod…
- Izinga lokuphendula: 100%
- Isikhathi sokuphendula: kungakapheli ihora
Ukuze uvikele ukukhokha kwakho, ungalokothi uthumele imali noma uxhumane nabantu ngaphandle kwewebhusayithi ye-Airbnb noma i-app.
Izinto okufanele uzazi
Imithetho yendlu
Ngena: 14:00 - 17:00
Isikhathi sokuphuma: 11:00
Akubhenywa
Izilwane ezifuywayo azivunyelwe
Ayikho imicimbi noma izenzakalo
Ezempilo & ukuphepha
Izinyathelo zokuphepha ze-COVID-19 ze-Airbnb ziyasebenza
Asikho isiqwashisi se-carbon monoxide
Asikho isiqwashisi sentuthu


text:
Incazelo Yezinhlelo Zokusebenza
I-rock saw, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-circular saw, yakhiwe nge-synthetic diamond saw blade kanye ne-saha blade guard. Yamukela ubuchwepheshe be-hydraulic obusezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu emhlabeni kanye nensimbi yekhwalithi ephezulu nesentwasahlobo, enezinzuzo ezinhle ekusikeni i-bluestone, i-basalt, i-iron sandstone namanye amatshe. Ukusika amatshe ngesaha kuyisimo esivamile ezinkwalini.
E-quarry, izingcezu ezinkulu zamatshe zinzima ukuthutha futhi azihlangabezani nezinga lokusetshenziswa, futhi zidinga ukucubungula okulandelayo. Amasaha e-rock adlala indima enkulu kulesi sikhathi. Ifakwe ku-excavator, futhi umshayeli we-excavator usebenzisa i-saw Blade ukuze ajikeleze ukusika amatshe amaningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho usika, kuyadingeka ukuhlela ukuthi abasebenzi baphuze i-saw blade ohlangothini ukuze bavimbele i-saw blade ekushiseni ngokweqile ngenxa yokungqubuzana okukhulu futhi kuthinte impilo yesevisi ye-saw blade. Ukusebenzisa le ndlela yokusika, ukusebenza kahle kuphezulu kakhulu, futhi umphumela wokusika nawo uhle kakhulu, udala inzuzo enkulu yefektri yamatshe.
Amashadi ashisayo: Ukusika Itshe nge-Rock Saw, Abakhi, Abahlinzeki, i-China, Imboni, Yenziwe e-China, CE, Ikhwalithi, Okuthuthukisiwe, Thenga, Intengo, Ikhotheshini


text: Sethula indebe yeSilicone!Njengomlingo, ingashuthwa kunoma iluphi uhlangothi futhi ingachitheki.Lezi nkomishi ze-silicone ziyi-silicone yebanga lokudla elingu-100%.Zonke izingxenye ziwumshini wokuwasha izitsha kanye ne-microwave ephephile. I-YUESICHUANG izinkomishi ze-silicone ezisebenziseka kabusha ezenza izinkomishi ziqine ngokwanele ukubamba, ngaphandle kokugoqeka.I-Silicone ithambile futhi ayinakonakala, okusho ukuthi akukho monakalo enkomishini, noma izitezi zakho uma kwenzeka ziphuma ezandleni zabo ezincane.Lokhu kuwubufakazi bezingane ezincane kakhulu. Le nkomishi engenamanzi ivumela ingane yakho ukuthi iphuze kunoma yiluphi uhlangothi lwesivalo!Idizayini ethambile, ye-silicone ithambile emazinyweni nasezinsinini.


text:
Ngokutshona kosuku lwayizolo, eleZimbabwe beselenelise ukuhlaba abantu abedlula izigidi ezintathu-3,183,314, ijekiseni yokuzivikela kuCovid 19, kodwa abayizigidi phose ezimbili lengxenye babo- 2,428,540 yibo asebehlatshiwe amajekiseni wonke womabili.
Kunje inani lasebehlolwe batholakala bele COVID-19, eZimbabwe, lokhu lolubhubhane lwaqhamukayo nyakenye, selikunkulungwane ezedlula ezilikhulu-132,016 okugoqela abantu asebegule basila kulumkhuhlane kunkulungwane ezedlula ikhulu-125,693 kwafa inkulungwane ezedlula ezine lengxenye- 4,645.
Abacubungula ezombusazwe bathi kuzakuba nzima ukususa ibandla leZanu PF embusweni njengoba kuyilo eliphethe ezokhetho, ibutho, amapholisa lezinye inhlangothi zikahulumende ezilakho ukuvimba ukuba kungene ibandla eliphikisayo embusweni.
Ukungahlaliseki kwesimo semali uma kuqhathaniswa idola leMelika kanye lama bond notes sekutshiye abaphila ngokuthengisa imphahla phandle kwelizwe behlaba umkhosi. Uhulumende uthatha ingxenye yenzuzo kulabo abathengisa phandle kwelizwe ngemali yaphandle kwelizwe, kodwa bona baphiwe imali yama bond notes.
Namuhla kuhlelo lwethu lapho esixoxa khona lezizalwane zeZimbabwe ezihlala emazweni silengxoxo lomgcinisihlalo webandla leMthwakazi Republic Party esigabeni se North America.
Abalandeli bomdlalo wenguqu bathi iqembu lesizwe lizaqhubekela phambili liqhuba gadalala nxa kungela nhlelo ezithuthukisa umdlalo kuzinga labasacathulayo. Iqembu le Zimbabwe liphelelwe ngumphako kumkhankaso walo owokudinga amaqembu azakuyadlala kumncintiswano wezizwe zomhlaba ngemva kokuthola umklomelo owodwa kuphela emidlalweni emine.
Ku Livetalk namhlanje kuhlelo “Diaspora Forum” sikhangela okwenziwa ngabadabuka eZimbabwe asebehlala kwamanye amazwe.
Nxa lifuna ukungena kulolu hlelo thumelani umlayezelo ku WhatsApp kunombolo ezithi - 001 202 465 0318.
Abafisa ukulalalela kumsakazo we Studio 7, lilakho ukusithola ngohalf past 7 ntambama kumagagase athi 909 am 4930; 6040, laku 15460 Kilohertz kuShort Wave nsuku zonke.
Lilakho njalo ukusithola ngohalf past 6 ekuseni kusukela ngoMvulo kusiya ngoLwesihlanu kumagagase athi - 909 am, 4930, 7270, laku 9885 Short Wave.


text:
UDABA: OkaDonga Gumbi
ISITHOMBE: Sithunyelwe
IKaizer Chiefs seyigcine ilethule ngokusemthethweni ijezi layo lesizini ezoqala maphakathi nale nyanga. Leli jezi leChiefs belivele selike laputshuka lavezwa ngaphambi kokuthi iqinisekise ukuthi yilona ngampela ezobe iligqoka kule sizini entsha.
Amakhosi aveze ukuthi ijezi ezoligqoka ekuhambeni kule sizini lakhiwe ngezigubhu zeplastiki esezisetshenzisiwe kodwa zabuyiselwa emuva ukuze zenze okunye.
Lokhu kuyinto enhle njengoba kuhambisana nemizamo yokongiwa kwemvelo nokungalahlwa budedengu izinto zepklastiki esezisebenzile.
Ijezi elisha leChiefs libukeka likhanga futhi abalandeli bakhombise ukulithakasela ezinkundleni zokuxhumana.
Omunye wabalandeli uthe elasekhaya limkhumbuza elaligqokwa yiqembu okwakudlala kulo uScara Ngebese eminyakeni edlule.
“Siyakujabulela ukufaka isandla ekongiweni kwemvelo,” kusho ophethe umkhakha wokukhangisa ngeqembu kwiChiefs, uJessica Motaung.
“Umzamo nomzamo kulokhu uyasiza futhi ubalulekile. Ngokusebenzisa uplastiki osusebenzile ukwakha izimpahla ezinhle kanjena sifuna ukugqugquzela wonke umuntu ukuba afake isandla ekongiweni kwemvelo.
FUNDA NALA: ISundowns seyilinde iPSL ngodaba lwenkanyeni yokuwina iligi amahlandla ayishumi
“Kuyasithokozisa ukuthi abadlali nabalandeli bethu bazoswenka ngaleli jezi eliyisimanga. Kuyamangaza ukusetshenziswa kokuchwepheshe besimanje ukuze kunikezwe iqembu lethu impahla yokusebenza enhle kanje,” kuqhuba uJessica.
IChiefs izoligqoka okokuqala leli jezi uma seyibhekene ne-Orlando Pirates emdlalweni weCarling Cup e-Orlando Stadium ngeSonto ngo 5 ntambama.
EMAIL: Editor@impempe.com | TWITTER: @impempe_com | FACEBOOK: Impempe SA


text:
Ingabe nina madoda nifuna indlela elula yokuzijabulisa okungenamkhawulo ukudlala imidlalo kuselula? Uma kunjalo, khona-ke silapha nomdlalo ongcono kakhulu otholakalayo kini nonke ukuze nijabule okungenamkhawulo. Thola i-Real Drag Simulator Indonesia futhi ujabulele umuzwa ongokoqobo wokudlala.
Njengoba wazi ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zemidlalo etholakalayo yabadlali begeyimu yeselula, noma ubani angayidlala kalula futhi ajabule ngayo. Ngakho-ke, uma uzimisele ukuzijabulisa okungenamkhawulo, udinga kuphela ukuhlala nathi futhi uhlole zonke izici ezimangalisayo zezinhlelo zokusebenza futhi ujabule.
Iyini i-Real Drag Simulator Indonesia Apk?
I-Real Drag Simulator Indonesia Game iwumdlalo Womjaho we-Android, ohlinzeka ngomdlalo ongcono kakhulu wokugijima wamabhayisikili ukuze abadlali babe nokuzijabulisa okungenamkhawulo. Isici esihle kakhulu segeyimu ukuhlinzeka ngomuzwa ongokoqobo wokudlala umdlalo ngezilawuli ezihlakaniphile.
Umjaho wamabhayisikili udume kakhulu emhlabeni wonke, futhi abantu bayakujabulela ukudlala nokuzijabulisa. Ungathola izinhlobo ezahlukene zemidlalo, abadlali abangayidlala kalula futhi bajabulele ukusebenzisa isikhathi sabo sekhwalithi. Kepha imidlalo eminingi ihlinzeka ngokudlala okungelona iqiniso kubadlali.
Ngakho-ke, silapha nomdlalo owodwa ongcono kakhulu wenu nonke, ohlinzeka ngamaqoqo angcono kakhulu wezinsizakalo zabasebenzisi. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zezici ezitholakalayo zabadlali, noma ubani angafinyelela kuzo kalula futhi azijabulele ezingenamkhawulo.
Uma ufuna ukuhlola zonke izici ezitholakalayo, udinga kuphela ukuhlala nathi futhi uhlole zonke. Sizokwabelana ngezici ezihamba phambili lapha nani nonke. Ngakho-ke, ungahlola futhi ube nokuzijabulisa okungenamkhawulo usebenzisa isikhathi sakho sekhwalithi.
Amamodeli emidlalo
Lapha uzothola ezinye zezindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokuqoqa, ongazidlala futhi ujabule ngazo. Ngakho-ke, uma uzimisele ukujabulela isikhathi sakho, bese uthola inketho engcono kakhulu yokuzijabulisa. Hlola ezinye zezindlela ohlwini oluhlinzekiwe ngezansi.
- yabadlali abaningi ku-inthanethi
- Isidlali esisodwa
- Patrice Mode
- Nokunye okuningi
Igeyimu isekela izinsizakalo zokudlala zabadlali abaningi zomdlali, lapho noma ubani angakwazi ukuzijabulisa. Ngakho-ke, ungathola abanye abadlali abavela kuwo wonke umhlaba bedlala lo mdlalo. Jabulela ukuchitha isikhathi sakho samahhala udlala lokhu okumangalisayo Umdlalo we-3D.
Shift
Enye yezinkinga ezivame kakhulu i-Gear Shifting System. Iningi lamageyimu linikeza izinsiza ze-Auto-Shifting zabadlali, kodwa awutholi isistimu eshintshashintshayo kumabhayisikili omjaho wangempela. Ngakho-ke, lapha uzothola uhlelo lokuguquguquka okwenziwa kulo mdlalo.
Umdlalo unikeza ezinye zezinhlelo ezihamba phambili zokushintsha ukuze abadlali babe nokuzijabulisa okungenamkhawulo. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zezici ezitholakalayo ukuze abadlali bazijabulele. Abadlali kufanele balawule uhlelo oluphelele lokushintsha futhi bajabulele ukudlala.
Kukhona izici ezifanayo ezengeziwe ezitholakalayo zabadlali, noma ubani angafinyelela kuzo futhi ajabule ngazo. Ngakho-ke, uma ufuna ukuhlola izici ezifanayo, udinga ukuhlala nathi kuphela. Kukhona izici ezengeziwe ezitholakalayo ongazihlola.
Uma ufuna ukudlala imidlalo eminingi efanayo, sizobe sineziphakamiso ezingcono kakhulu ezitholakalayo lapha kuwe. Ibhayisikili Tapper futhi Balap Hudula Umqambimanga Apk imidlalo etholakalayo ethandwa kakhulu, noma ubani angayidlala kalula futhi azijabulise ngokuchitha isikhathi nayo.
App Yokuxhumana
Izithombe-skrini zohlelo lokusebenza
Ungalanda kanjani i-Real Drag Simulator Indonesia Android?
Uma ufuna ukulanda ifayela le-Apk, udinga kuphela ukuthola inkinobho yokukhipha. Silapha ngenguqulo yakamuva yegeyimu, noma ubani angayilanda kalula kudivayisi ye-Android. Ngakho-ke, awudingi ukucinga ku-inthanethi futhi uchithe isikhathi sakho.
Ngakho-ke, udinga kuphela ukuchofoza inkinobho yokukhipha bese ulinda imizuzwana embalwa. Inqubo yokulanda izoqala ngokuzenzakalela ngemuva kokuthi ukuthepha sekwenziwe. Uma ube nenkinga ngenqubo yokulanda, zizwe ukhululekile ukuxhumana nathi.
Izici main
- Landa futhi Udlale Mahhala
- Khipha ku-internet Sports Game
- Jabulela 3D Bike Racing
- Izithombe Ezingokoqobo Zekhwalithi Ephakeme
- Kulula futhi kulula ukudlala
- Isikhombimsebenzisi esisebenziseka kalula
- Izindlela Eziningi Ziyatholakala
- Nokunye okuningi
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Singadlala Imodi Yabadlali abaningi?
Yebo, igeyimu isekela indlela yokudlala yabadlali abaningi.
Ingabe Igeyimu Iyadlaleka Ngokungaxhunyiwe Ku-inthanethi?
Yebo, ungadlala ungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi futhi ujabule.
Ungawavula Kanjani Amabhayisikili?
Win futhi uthole zemali, ngokusebenzisa whcih ungakwazi ukuvula amabhayisikili.
amazwi okugcina
I-Real Drag Simulator Indonesia Landa ku-Android yakho futhi ujabulele okungenamkhawulo. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zezici ezitholakalayo ukuze abadlali bazijabulele. Uma ufuna ukuthola imidlalo efana nalena, qhubeka usilandele futhi ujabule.


text:
Ibhodi Labaqondisi Be-Legal Services Corporation (LSC) lihlangane ngesonto eledlule eChicago futhi phakathi nomcimbi yethula i-Pro Bono Service Awards ku- Ijaji eselathatha umhlalaphansi uDavid Butler (isithombe esiphezulu) ngomsebenzi wakhe wokuzithandela ehhovisi le-PSLS eBloomington, kanye UDavid Black (isithombe esingezansi) ngomsebenzi wakhe wokuzithandela ehhovisi le-PSLS laseRockford.
Ijaji Butler usize amakhasimende angu-165 e-PSLS eminyakeni emithathu esebenza ngokuzithandela ku-PSLS. Ubuye waba nesandla ekudaleni ideski losizo lenkantolo yokuxoshwa kwe-PSLS eMcLean County Law & Justice Centre. Ngiyabonga, Jaji Butler!
Ummeli Omnyama ungummeli osewathatha umhlalaphansi owayeyivolontiya elisebenzayo futhi eyilungu lebhodi ye-PSLS phakathi neminyaka engu-35 esebenza njengommeli futhi lapho ethatha umhlalaphansi uyaqhubeka nokubhekana namacala e-pro bono. Usevale amacala angaphezu kuka-800 okuvala nokucishwa kwendlu egameni lamakhasimende ePSLS. Ngiyabonga, David!


text:
Ucwaningo lwezenhlalakahle zomphakathi luzobandakanya izimo lapho abantu abanengqondo, abanenhloso enhle bengavumelani ngokuziphatha.
Ukuze ugcine izinto eziphathekayo, ngizoqala ngezibonelo ezintathu zezifundo zedijithali-yobudala eziye zadala ukungqubuzana kokuziphatha. Ngizikhethele lezi zifundo ezithile ngezizathu ezimbili. Okokuqala, azikho izimpendulo ezilula nganoma iyiphi yazo. Lokhu kungukuthi, abantu abanengqondo, abanenhloso enhle bayavumelani ngokuthi ngabe lezi zifundo kufanele zenzeke nokuthi yiziphi izinguquko ezingase zithuthukise. Okwesibili, lezi zifundo zihlanganisa izimiso eziningi, izinhlaka, nezindawo zokuhlukunyezwa ezizolandela kamuva esahlukweni.


text:
Sizokutshela izici ze- Uhlobo lwaseSiberia Husky. Yadalwa njengenja efanelekayo yokuhambisana nokudonsa izihlibhi. Ubukhulu besilisa bungamasentimitha angama-53 kuye kwangama-60 kanti isisindo sabo singamakhilo angama-21 kuye kwangama-28. Usayizi wabesifazane ungama-50 kuya kuma-56 kilos kanti isisindo singu-15 kuye ku-23 kilos.
Umjaho umsuka wayo useSiberia ngaphakathi kwesifunda seBering Strait. Igama lenja livela esizweni sasendulo esasinegama lelo.
Lolu hlobo lubonakala ngokuba ukumelana nokukwazi ukumelana namahora amade okusebenza kanzima ngaphandle kwalokhu okumthintayo. Izinja zalolu hlobo zahlukaniswa iminyaka eminingi, kuphela phakathi nekhulu lama-XNUMX lapho zaduma khona ngabathengisi boboya abaqala ukuthatha amakhophi baya eNyakatho Melika, kusukela kulowo mzuzu baqala ngokwanda kulo lonke izwekazi.
Lezi zinja zine- umusa omkhulu futhi bathembekile kakhulu nabanikazi babo, ngaphezu kokuba nomlingiswa omuhle kakhulu. Bayizinja eziqaphelayo futhi abangahlanganyeli nabantu ongabazi, kepha abanolaka kwezinye izilwane.
Uhlobo lwaziwa ngalo lobubhalo kanye intelligence, umzimba wayo uyabiwa futhi unoboya obuningi. Lokhu kulungiselelwe ukusinda ezindaweni ezibandayo.
Kulolu hlobo kubalulekile hlala ezindaweni ezinkuluNgaphandle kwalokho kufanele sithathe ukuzibophezela kokumyisa nsuku zonke ngoba udinga izivivinyo eziningi.
Uma usuvele unayo i- USuskyan Husky, lapha sikukhombisa ifayili le- ukunakekelwa okuyisisekelo okufanele ube nakho nale nja.


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Siyaxolisa, ezinye izingxenye zewebhusayithi ye-Airbnb azisebenzi kahle ngaphandle kokuthi i-JavaScript ivunyelwe. I-Homesuite'(AS10)|Aeropod|Queen|WiFi|I-TV ye-inthanethi 4.84 · 199 okushiwo abanye · Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, i-Malaysia I-ifulethi ephelele ibungazwe ngu-Homesuite' II Izivakashi ezingu- 2 · · ikamelo lokulala 1 · · umbhede ongu-1 · · Igumbi lokugezela elilodwa
Ukuzingenela
Zingenise ngebhokisi lesikhiye.
Paka mahhala
Le ngenye yezindawo ezimbalwa endaweni enendawo yokupaka mahhala.
Ukuxhumana okuncomekayo
U-95% wezivakashi zakamuva unikeze u-Homesuite' II izinkanyezi ezingu-5 ekuxhumaneni.
Konke ukubhukha kuhlanganisa isivikelo samahhala sokukhansela koMbungazi, ukunganembi kwemininingwane yendlu, nezinye izinkinga ezinjengobunzima bokungena.
Funda okwengeziwe Eminye imininingwane ihunyushwe ngokuzenzakalelayo. Bonisa ulimi lokuqala [UKUHLANJWA OKUJULILE] Isimo samanje yisona esiza kuqala kithi ngalesi sikhathi. Senza ukuqapha okwengeziwe futhi senza konke esingakwenza ukuze siqinisekise ukuthi izivakashi zethu zihlala ziphephile ngokuhlanza ngokujulile futhi sibulale amagciwane ezindaweni ezithintwa njalo. [Le yunithi iphethwe i-HOMESUITE'] Le yunithi yesitudiyo itholakala eduze nesikhumulo sezindiza sase-Kota Kinabalu. Iyunithi iyimizuzu emi-5 ukusuka ogwini oludumile lweTanjung Aru. Iyunithi futhi iyimizuzu eyi-10 kuphela yokushayela ibanga ukuya enkabeni yedolobha lase-KK. Indawo [Isitudiyo (esinokubukwa kwengadi kuvulandi)] I-TV ye-inthanethi ene-Netflix, ibhodi le-Iron & Iron, i-WiFi, Iketela, Isiqandisi, umbhede ongu-1 weNdlovukazi olingana nosayizi, Ikhabhinethi evuliwe yokulenga izingubo. [Igumbi lokugezela] Isifudumezi samanzi, Ishampu yomzimba nezinwele, Isixubho kanye nomuthi wokuxubha, Amaroli ethoyilethi, Okomisa izinwele
Igumbi
Umbhede omkhulu ongu-1
Lokho ozokuthola kule ndawo
Indawo ebekelwe ukusebenza
Ukupaka mahhala ngaphakathi endaweni
I-TV ene- Isevisi evamile ye-cable kamabonakude
Umshini womoya oqandisayo
Ayitholakali: i- I-alamu ye-carbon monoxide I-alamu ye-carbon monoxide Bonisa wonke amasevisi angu- 26 ubusuku obungu-7 e- Kota Kinabalu
Nov 2, 2022 - Nov 9, 2022
4.84 · 199 okushiwo abanye
Isikhathi sokuphuma
11/9/2022
4.84 out of 5 stars from 199 reviews 4.84 · 199 okushiwo abanye Bonisa zonke izibuyekezo ezingu-199 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, i-Malaysia Cishe yonke into ingaphakathi kwebanga elifushane lokushayela: - Isikhumulo Sezindiza Samazwe Ngamazwe SaseKota Kinabalu (KKIA) 亚庇机场(imizuzu engu-5 ibanga lokushayela/ 5分钟车程) -Tanjung Aru Beach 丹绒亚路海滩 (imizuzu engu-5 ibanga lokushayela/ 5分种车程) - I-Imago Shopping Mall 购物商场 (imizuzu eyi-10-15 ibanga lokushayela/ 10-15分钟车程) - I-Waterfront 酒吧街(imizuzu eyi-10-15 ibanga lokushayela/ 10-15分钟车程) - Imakethe YasePhilippines 菲律宾市场 (imizuzu eyi-10-15 ibanga lokushayela/ 10-15分钟车程) - Wamukelekile Indawo yokudlela yokudla kwasolwandle 大茄來海鲜餐厅 (imizuzu eyi-10-15 ibanga lokushayela/ 10-15分钟车程) - 999 Bar 夜生活(imizuzu eyi-10-15 ibanga lokushayela/ 10-15分钟车程) - I-Durian Street 榴莲街(imizuzu eyi-10-15 ibanga lokushayela/ 10-15分钟车程) - I-Gaya Street 加雅街 (imizuzu eyi-10-15 ibanga lokushayela/ 10-15分钟车程) - I-Jesselton Point 码头(imizuzu eyi-10-15 ibanga lokushayela/ 10-15分钟车程) - Suria Sabah 曙光广场 (imizuzu eyi-10-15 ibanga lokushayela/ 10-15分钟车程) - I-Kota Kinabalu City Mosque 水上清真寺(imizuzu eyi-15-20 ibanga lokushayela/ 15-20分钟车程) - Inyuvesi Malaysia Sabah 沙巴大学(15-20 imizuzu yokushayela ibanga/ 15-20分钟车程) Ibungazwe ngu-Homesuite' II Homesuite is a lifestyle hotel and homestay operator. All units managed by Homesuite are carefully checked and thought through to ensure the comfort of our guests. Our aim is to provide our simple and honest hospitality. Please follow us on our Fbook page (Homesuite 好宿) and IG (homesuite_home). Homesuite is a lifestyle hotel and homestay operator. All units managed by Homesuite are carefully checked and thought through to ensure the comfort of our guests. Our aim is to pr… funda kabanzi Abasizi ATAP I Homesuite' Brianna | Homesuite Homesuite' Phakathi nokuhlala kwakho Ngicela ungithinte nge-Airbnb futhi ungazise uma kukhona engingakwenza ukuze ngikusize noma ngenze ukuhlala kwakho kukhululeke kakhudlwana. Izinga lokuphendula: 100% Isikhathi sokuphendula: kungakapheli ihora
Ukuze uvikele ukukhokha kwakho, ungalokothi uthumele imali noma uxhumane nabantu ngaphandle kwewebhusayithi ye-Airbnb noma i-app.
Imithetho yendlu Ngena: Ngemva kwalokho 15:00 Isikhathi sokuphuma: 12:00 Ukuzingenela nge ibhokisi lesikhiye Izilwane ezifuywayo azivunyelwe Ayikho imicimbi noma izenzakalo Ezempilo & ukuphepha Izinyathelo zokuphepha ze-COVID-19 ze-Airbnb ziyasebenza Hlola ezinye izinketho ezise- Kota Kinabalu namaphethelo Isigaba sonyaweni Khetha ulimi isiZulu Khetha uhlobo lwemali $ USD Khetha ulimi isiZulu Khetha uhlobo lwemali $ USD Khetha ulimi isiZulu Khetha uhlobo lwemali $ USD


text:
Ibhodi Lokusebenza Lomlilo Elikalwe ngeCalcium Silicate
Isilingi se-GDD esingashisi singafakwa ngaphansi kwesigxobo sensimbi kanye nesakhiwo esiyinhlanganisela ye-slab ukuze kuzuzwe uhlelo lokuvikela umlilo lwesakhiwo sensimbi.Uphahla lwe-Goldenpower GDD olungashi lusetshenziselwa ukudonsa amapayipi, izitebhisi zangaphambili amagumbi nesiphephelo saphansi, njll., kanye nokuxhuma imigudu yomoya, izintambo namanye amapayipi angabangela ukubhebhetheka komlilo.
Indawo yokuphuma ephephile ohlangothini olungezansi ihlukaniswe ngokuvundlile.
Isilingi se-GDD esingashisi singafakwa ngaphansi kwesakhiwo esihlanganisiwe sensimbi yensimbi kanye nesitezi esinephrofayili sepuleti lensimbi ukuze kuzuzwe uhlelo lokuvikela umlilo lwesakhiwo sensimbi.
Ukwengeza, uphahla oluvikela umlilo lwe-Goldenpower GDD lungasetshenziswa njengohlelo lophahla olungashi, njengemisebenzi ekhethekile kuma-partitions angashisi kakhulu, nama-partitions (njengamahhovisi, amagumbi emishini, njll.)
Uphahla olungashi.


text:
Microwave Corn Steamer Cooker Microwavable Quick 2 Corn Container Easy To Cook Corn Gadget Gadget
Imininingwane yomkhiqizo
Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa
Amathegi womkhiqizo
yamukela ngezifiso:Ngokuya ngefayela le-AI elinikezwe ikhasimende, singenza okufana kakhulu nencwadi ye-pantone.
I-BPA mahhala:Ungakhathazeki ngezingqinamba zekhwalithi nezisebenzayo, le mikhiqizo yonke ayikho mahhala nge-BPA.
Imibala ngokwezifiso emaphaketheni:Singenza okufakiwe ngokwezifiso okugqamile ngokwemiklamo yobuciko ukukhanyisa imikhiqizo.
Kulula ukuyisebenzisa, ukupheka okusheshayo:Kulula ukuqala, asikho isidingo sokuchitha isikhathi esiningi.
I-logo yangokwezifiso iyamukeleka:Phrinta uphawu ukuvumela amakhasimende ukuthi abone imikhiqizo.