text:
uMbhalo kwelakithi – izolo nanamuhla: Biblia Zuluensis 1996 …
nguBheni wakwaKhumalo eBaQulusini
weViyo leziKhuthali oBanjiswaneni lokuHumusha
nokuBhala kabusha iBhaybheli ngesiZulu – Biblia Zuluensis
0. Isingeniso
1. Sihlushwe yini? (1832 – …)
2. Wasuka-ke umshikashika (1996 – …)
3. Ukuziphatha nokuziphathela
4. Yilowo nalowo unendima embhekile
5. Kuyahlakuliswana kuyacathuliswana
6. Kuqeqeshwana kusetshenzwa
7. Phansi phezulu – ekhaya, ezincwadini nasendleleni
8. Welela neno nomcebo lowo!
9. Ubuhle nobunmandi bombhalo
10. “zimnandi ngokuphindwa”
Umtapo wolwazi
Sekungowamashumi amabili (20) lo nyaka silokhu siphikelele isigungu sezikhuthali ezithile eNingizimu-Afrika1 ukufundisisa nokuhumusha nokubhala kabusha “iBhaybheli” silithatha ezilwimini zalo zendabuko – isiHebheru, isiAramu nesiGrikhi – silihumushela olwimini lwakubo, isiZulu, okuwulwimi olukhulunywa ngokuvame ukuzedlula zonke ezinye kwelaseMzansi-Afrika namuhla2. Umphumela walolu banjiswano kuzoba yincwadi entsha – iBhaybheli ngesiZulu -, ezothi ifundeka izwakala kahle kwabayifunda nabayifundelwa namuhla, ibe ishaya emhlolweni, iwubambisisile umkhondo walapho iqhamuka khona.
Kuhloswe ukuthi le nqolobane yezibonelo nezeluleko nolwazi etholakala kule ncwadikazi, kwayona equkethe izincwadi eziningi ezahlukene, yethulwe ngokucacileyo, kuthi nonobunzima ekuzifundeleni okubhaliwe, azizwele kanye aqonde ngalezi zingxoxo ngabathile nangezigigaba zasemandulo nasemazweni akude namasiko ehlukile kwawelakithi. Lo mtapo wolwazi kuzanywa ukuthi kufinyeleleke kalula kuwo – ulandwe, ulethwe kwelakithi3. Ingxenye yawo isisezandleni; isiyasetshenziswa4.
Sihlushwe yini? (1832 – …)
Izaba zokuqala zokulubhala phansi ulwimi lwesiZulu zazanywa eminyakeni ephambili – esondele kowenkulungwane namakhulu ayisishiyagalombili namashumi amathathu nambili (1832)5 – kwelekelelana abomdabu nabokufika, besebenzisa izinhlamvu zokubhala zolwimi lwesiLathini ezisetshenziswa kwelaseYurophu naseMelika nakwelakithi nanamuhla lokhu, bethatha amagama nemisho nezingxoxo ezithile emabhaybhelini esiNgisi okwakufikwe nawo kuvelwa phesheya, bewafaka esiZulwini ukuze kuxoxwe kushunyayelwe ngawo. Kwahamba kwahamba kuzanywa lapha nalaphaya ngezindlela ezehlukene, bagcina abathile sebecishe balihumusha lonke ibhaybheli, belihumushela kolwakithi – isicishe igamenxe inkathi yenkulungwane namakhulu ayisishiyagalolunye (+ 1845). Liqhamuka lapho-ke leli elisetshenziswa namuhla, “iBhayibheli elingcwele”, elashicilelwa ngowenkulungwane namakhulu ayisishiyagalolunye namashumi amahlanu nesishiyagalolunye (1959)6. Selulude-ke nokho uhlu lwemiqulu nezincwadi nezincwajana ezibhalwé ngesiZulu eminyakeni eyikhulu namashumi ayisishiyagalombili (180) eyedlule7
Noma-ke leli “elingcwele”8 lituseka kakhulu ngezinga elilubeka ngalo ulwimi lwakithi ezingxoxweni nasemizekelisweni yasemandulo nasemazweni akude anemikhuba namasiko ehlukile kwawakithi – izibulo kuyo yonke imibhalo ekhona ngolwakithi, aligculisisi kahle hle ngoba udaba aliluthathi emsukeni walo, olwimini lwalo lwendabuko, ulwimi lwesiHebheru, lwesiAramu noma lwesiGrikhi, njengoba kufanele nanjengoba onke amabhaybheli ahunyushwe ngokuyikho enza, iluhlangabeza endleleni, iluthathela esiNgisini nakwezinye izilwimi nazo ezazilandele ngokwazo emthonjeni. Lingaqhubeka ukusetshenziswa nokusebenziseka leli “elingcwele” kuze kuphumeleleke ukuzihumushelela mathupha, njengoba isiGungu seziKhuthali zeBiblia Zuluensis seziqalile-nje eminyakeni ephambili [1996], kusukwa emthonjeni kuqondwe esiZulwini ngendlela okuqhutshwa ngayo nakwezinye izilwimi emhlabeni wonke jikelele namuhla.
Wasuka-ke umshikashika (1996 – …)
Ngangizifundela-nje ngilungiselela inkulumo enganginxuswe ukuthi ngiyoyethula eNyuvesi ngesihloko esasisematheni ngaleyo minyaka, isihloko esithi “UBulili-bunye neSonto (Homosexuality and Church)” 9 lapho ngethuka ngithola amaphutha amaningi nezikhala ezingaqedwa ebhaybhelini “elingcwele” ekuliqhathaniseni kwami namabhaybheli oluthathelwa kuwo lolu daba lobukholwa, elesiHebheru iBiblia Hebraica nelesiGrikhi iNovum Testamentum Graece (Nestle-Aland), okwangikhuthaza ukuthi ngiqhubeke ngihlolisise ngokuqhathanisa, ngakhe uhlu lwakho konke engikutholayo ukuze ngibonisane nabanye, sicebisane. Yilapho kwavela khona umbono wokuthi kutholakale indlela yokuwalungisa la maphutha nokugcwalisa lezi zikhala esizitholile kuleli “iBhayibheli elingcwele” [1959] elisetshenziswa kwelakithi ngokuthi senze njengabo bonke abanye – sisukume, siziyele mathupha emthonjeni, silulande khona udaba siluqondise ngqo kolwakithi. Ngazilungiselela-ke ukusuka nalo phansi lolo banjiswano, ngilwakhe, ngiluqhube ngokusemandleni.
Emva kokubonisana neNhlangano yeBhaybheli yaseNingizimu Afrika (Bible Society of South Africa) eKibhithawini ngaqala ukuxhumana nabathile ngamunye ngamunye, savumelana ukulusungula uBanjiswano lweziKhuthali, siqale sihumushe elesiHebheru, iBiblia Hebraica, okuyincwadi yabokholo lwesiJuda eyaziwa ngokuthi yithestamente elidala. Ithestamente elisha savumelana ngokuthi singabe sisalihumusha ngoba base belihumushé ngokuncomekayo ozakwethu ababekade behambé phambili, baqeda ngowe-1986, besebenzisa yona le ndlela nathi esivumelene ngayo10. Sekungadingeka-nje ukuthi uma sesiqedile ngethestamente elidala, sibonisane nabo ngendlela yokuzihlanganisa lezi zaba zombili, ziphume zincwadi-nye – iBhaybheli ngesiZulu.
Sabonisana savumelana ngesibalo esidingekayo ukuze umsebenzi uqhubeke nangezindlela esifisa ukubambisana ngazo. Sasisazibiza ngokuthi singuBiblia 2000; sasicabanga ukuthi sidinga iminyaka-nje emine ukuwuyiphetha le ndima esiziqokele yona, kanti asibuzanga elangeni!
Akuthathanga sikhathi, kwacaca ukuthi kufanele sihlole sibukeze indlela okubhalwa ngayo isiZulu, sibonisane nabanye ukuthi ingalungiswa kanjani ukuze ihambisane nendlela ulwimi oseluthuthuké ngayo nanangendlela olusetshenziswa ngayo emphakathini okusetshenziswa kuwo izilwimi eziningi ezahlukene ngokulinganayo njengakwelakithi muva-nje. Sagcina sivumelene ngendlela esiyaziwa ngokuthi yi-“Bhanjekhu”, okungukuthi “Bhala njengoba ukhuluma”11. Emva kokukhononda nokunqikaza okwavela kwabathile, kwagcina kuvunyelwene ukuthi kuzanywe kuqhutshekwe ngeBhanjekhu12.
Uma siphelele, silishumi nesithupha (16), noma ke-nje yishumi nambili (12) – abesilisa nabesifazane ngokulinganayo abaseminyakeni engamashumi amabili (20) kuya kwengamashumi ayisithupha (60) nangaphezudlwana abatholwé ngumholi weViyo leziKhuthali ngokucophelela ukuthi babekhona ngokulinganayo abangaphansi nabangaphezulu kweminyaka engamashumi amathathu (30) yobudala kanye nabakufundela esikoleni kanye nabazifundela ngokwabo ukufunda nokubhala kanye nabanolwazi nemfundo ephakeme (imfundo yaseNyuvesi ngoLwazi kwezeNkolo, iTheology, asebeyisebenzise ngokwaziwayo emphakathini iminyaka eminingi); kanye-ke nesimilo nokwaziseka nokubasekhaya olwimini lwesiZulu13.
OKUSEMQOKA: Ubanjiswano lwethu alunasikhwama; izindleko ezivelayo yilowo nalowo uyazithwalela noma-ke sihlanganise, sithwalisane. Asikho isikhuthali esibheké ukukhokhelwa; sisebenzisana ngesihle nangokubonelelana. Imiphumela evelayo ngeyezikhwepha zethu sonke; iphuma ngegama lethu.
Ukuziphatha nokuziphathela
Ekukhethelweni kwami ukuluhola lolu banjiswano ngenxa yentshisekelo enginayo kanye nemfundo nolwazi njengokudingekileyo, ngavuma ukuxhumana nokuhlala ngithintene nozakwethu bonke ngokwehlukana kwabo nangezindima esibhekene nazo kwezoLwazi kwezeNkolo, iTheology, kwelakithi nakwamanye amazwe; sithi sishikashikana nokuhumusha-nje, sibe siqhubeka sichathazelelana ulwazi nabasesimweni esifanayo. Ukuthuthuka ngolwazi kanye nokuxhumana nabangasinika umdlandla sethemba ukukuthola ngaleyo ndlela yokuphumela eshashalazini, sixoxisane nabo bonke esethuka sithintana nabo – njengoba abadala besho, bethi injobo enhle ithungelwa ebandla.
Sizikhulumela isiZulu-nje. Emihlanganweni yonke sinikana ithuba lokubhala ‘amaminithi’, amaphuzu asemqoka kobekuxoxwa ngakho, kanye nemibiko ngezingxoxo eziqukethe ulwazi, siyibeke eshashalazini lasemoyeni (internet) ukuze itholakale kalula kwabafisa ukwazi ngesikwenzayo, kubelula nakwabafisa ukungena bazoselekelela14.
Yilowo nalowo unendima embhekile
Ubona ngakho ukuthi kuyasetshenzwa: Yincwadi ngapha, yimpensela ngapha. Yilowo nalowo kulaba abayishumi nesithupha (16) abaseViyweni leziKhuthali unomunye noma nabanye kubo noma ngakubo abonisana naye kwakwenzayo; ngaleyo ndlela lolu banjiswano lokuhumusha ludedela nabaningi abayoba ngabafundi bomphumela walo msebenzi ukuthi babambe iqhaza – nabo babe yingxenye yeviyo lezikhuthali, leli kube yibhaybheli labo lisasuka phansi!
Kungaba yiphutha elikhulu kabi emshikashikeni onjengalo, uma kukhohlakala ukuxhumana nabathile kanye nezinhlangano namabandla asebenza nanganoma yiyiphi inhlobo-nje ngebhaybheli: INhlangano yeBhayibheli yaseNingizimu Afrika, amaSonto onke namaBandla awo kanye nabathile emphakathini abafundisa ezikoleni, ababhala emaphephandabeni nabasakaza kwezomoya nabashumayeli nabakhokheli ngothi lwabo. Izimemo nemibiko yonke ekhishwayo bayayithola, nòma iningi labo lingaphenduli. Kule minyaka eyishumi nesithupha (16) esiyedlule sisebenza, siyabona ukuthi liqhubeka kahle iViyo ezindimeni elibhekene nazo uma lingalokhu lenqene ukuthi lezi zaba zingathikaziseka zigcine ziphelelé ezeni ngenxa yokuthi kukhona abathile asebengenwe umona, bethukuthelela ukungathi bona abanakiwe emkhankasweni abawazi kungowabo. Usuke eneso nengqondo ekhaliphile umholi oyikhuthalelayo le nkonzo yokuthuthukisa umoya wokuzwana nokwazisana, nabangenalo ithuba lokubamba iqhaza ngokubonakalayo, abasondeze, abemukele.
Kuyahlakuliswana kuyacathuliswana
Indima yokuqala elibhekana nayo iViyo umholi uyithatha ebhaybhelini lesiHebheru, iBiblia Hebraica, – ake sithi nje-ke encwadini yokuqala, uGenesisi, esahlukweni sokuqala, umusho wokuqala. Wenza nje-ke: Yilolo nalolo luhlamvu emshweni wokuqala uyaluthatha aluhumushele esiZulwini. Kuthi ohlamvini olunezincazelo ezimbili noma ezintathu esiZulwini, azibhale-nje zonke, angishiyi lutho. Usesuka-ke lapho usewedlulisela eViyweni lo musho wokuqala ukuze lowo nalowo azame ukwakha umusho ozwakalayo ngesiZulu ethathela lapho. Umusho wokuqala encwadini yokuqala ebhaybhelini – uGenesisi, isahluko sokuqala, umusho wokuqala / ivesi lokuqala (Gen 1,1) – lingama kanje:
Ekuqaleni\Emandulo-wadala\wasungula\wakha\waphemba- (usibanibani/othile-izibhakabhaka\amazulu-nezwe\nomhlaba\nenhlabathi.
Lowo nalowo useyawunamatha-ke lo musho, ephethe impensela adweba abhale masinya ngayo lapho enombuzo khona nòma lapho enomunye umbono khona, ahlole, acabangisise ukuthi angakha umusho othini ngalezi zinhlamvu eziphambi kwakhe. Angabonisana nomelekeleli wakhe; akuvumelekile ukuthi abonisane nozakwabo eViyweni kuleli banga ngoba kusazanywa ukuthi kuvezwe imisho eyahlukene kangangoba kukwazeka – mhlawumbe eyishumi nesithupha (16) – ngezinhlamvu ezifanayo.
Imibono yonke eyishumi nanhlanu (15) ibuyela kumholi ngokushesha. Uyayihlola, eyiqhathanisa, abuye ayoqhathanisa nendlela lo musho obekwé ngayo kwelesiHebheru, bese akha umusho awubona ushayisisa kahle emhlolweni, awedlulisele kulowo nalowo eViyweni, alinde izimpendulo. Usuke futhi umshikashika ngokunjalo … Kuyothi-ke emva kokubonisana nokuphendulana kathathu noma kane noma kaningi uma kungasekho mibuzo nazinkinga, ume-ke lo musho njengomphumela wobanjiswano. Mhlawumbe ungabe ufundeka kanje: “Endulo uMvelingqangi wadala izulu, wadala nomhlaba.“ Sekwedlulelwa kolandelayo-ke kuze kuphethwe isahluko sokuqala, kuphethwe incwadi yokuqala – kusukwe ku-“Adam noEva“ kwedlulelwe ku-“Khayini noAbela”.
Kuqeqeshwana kusetshenzwa
Lithi iViyo liqhubeka lisebenza, kube kuvela imibuzo edinga ukuhlalelwa phansi, icutshungulwe kunesikhathi. Isibonelo: Lezi zigigaba okuxoxwa ngazo lapha ebhaybhelini, ngaphambi kokuba zibhalwe phansi okokuqala ngqa, zazaziwa ngokuxoxelwana ngezindlela ezehlukene, zaze zagcina sezibhalwé njengoba sizithola ebhaybhelini lesiHebheru esithathela kulo njengoba sihumusha. Nasi-nje esinye sazo kuxoxwa ngaso encwadini kaEksodusi, kuthiwa: “Waphendukela ngapha nangapha (uMosi); esebonile ukuthi akukho-muntu, wambulala owaseGibhithe, …” (uEksodusi 2,12). Iviyo lithi uma libheka kwelesiHebheru, lisithole sibekwé kanje lesi sigigaba: „Wayyipen koh waakoh wayyare’ ki `eyn `iys wayyk et-hammiseriy.“15, okungukuthi “Wayesephendukela-ngapha-nangapha, ekuboneni-ukuthi-akukhomuntu-wayeseshaya umGibhithe…”.
Ngokuqhathanisa indlela lo musho obekwa ngayo emabhaybhelini ehlukene asetshenziswa namuhla – njengalana esiJalimane athi „…wandte-sich hierhin und-dorthin“, „… schaute er sich nach allen Seiten um16“, „… sah … sich nach allen Seiten um17 …“ kuyamcacela ofundayo ukuthi lo musho kukaningi uxoxwa ngomlomo ngezindlela ezehlukene ngaphambi kokuba ulotshwe phansi ngale ndlela esiwuthola uyiyo kwelesiHebheru esithathela kulo sonke ekuhumusheni kwethu; uthi ufunda, kuze kube sengathi usuyambona oxoxayo, eselinganisa nangezandla ethi “ngapha nangapha”. Ekuwulolongeni lo musho kuvela izindlela eziningi, njengokuthi „… wathi thala thala …“, „… wathi qala qala …“ oder „… wathi ngqa ngqa …“ – okuyizindlela ezithathelwa esenzweni esithi „thalaza“/„qalaza“ izindlela isiZulu esikwazi ngazo ukuthatha umsindo noma ukunyakaza sikubeke ngamazwi – iSenzakuthi.
Lo musho kaEksodusi 2,12 kwelesiHebheru othi „Wayyipen koh waakoh wayyare’ ki `eyn `iys wayyk et-hammiseriy“ sesingawubeka ngesiZulu sithi: „Wathi qala qala, wamjuma/wamzuma!“.
Phansi phezulu – ekhaya, ezincwadini nasendleleni
Ukuze iViyo lithi liqhubeka nezindima elibhekene nazo, libe lithuthuka nangolwazi ngomsuka nangomlando wamabala elishikashikana nawo, umholi uxhumana ephindelela nozakwabo nabanye osolwazi, bechathazelelana abakwaziyo, bekhumbuzana nangezincwadi ezichaza kabanzana. Umtapo wezincwadi ekhaya nasekuhambeni ulusizo olukhulu. Kanti-ke kuké kwenzeke kuvele isu elingcono, lizivelele kuphunyulwe-nje nòma umuntu esaziphumele-nje, elula amadolo.
Osekusizé kakhulu muva-nje yimibiko iViyo eliyibhalayo emva kokubonisana ngokuthile bese liyichoma eshashalazini lasemoyeni (internet); ifundwa ngabaningi. Eminye yayo yilena:
- „Umlando wokwenanwa kwezincwadi zethestamente elidala (ThD)“ 18
- „Ngubani owabhala yiphi incwadi?“ 19
- „iThestamente elidala lisalifundelwani?“ 20
- „Sifundisana ukufunda isiHebheru“ 21
- „Sihlola ngokuqhathanisa“ 22
- „uHlu lwamagama namabizo (lusaqhutshwa)“ 23
- „ISICHASISO: iBhaybheli“ 24
- „uMlando kaIzrayeli“ 25
Elinye isu iViyo elilithokozelayo, lavela-nje esikhaleni, sekudideké amakhanda: Umholi weViyo nguye yedwa-nje owakhé kude, phesheya nezilwandle, okungamlungeli ukuthi avuke nsukuzonke ayohlangana nabanye; sewasizwa yiposi, muva-nje nayiposi lonyazi (eMail) ukuhlala ethintene ephendulana nozakwabo eviyweni. Lokho sekwenzé ukuthi uMhlangano woNyaka, okuyiwona okuqhutshekwa kuwo ngezihloko zolwazi ezidinga isikhathi nesineke kungajahwe ndawo, sewamiselwa impelasonto yesibili kuSebthemba – okwaziwa nangabaningi abanye abalithakaselayo ithuba lokuzozethamelela nokuzobamba iqhaza bezedlulela.26 Kusebenzeka kahle uma kuhlelwé kanje, nòma-ke sekuyothatha isikhathi esijana ukuluphothula umkhankaso.27
Welela neno nomcebo lowo!
IViyo lavumelana ngendlela yokuhumusha eyasungulwa eminyakeni ephambili (1969, isungulwa kusetshenzwa emazweni athile eAfrika.28 UMholi wayethula, wayichaza; yilowo nalowo useyazi ngokufanayo, usengabachazela naye abanye ngayo:
Igebe elikhulu eliphakathi kolwimi lwamaJuda, isiHebheru, nolwakithi, isiZulu, nomahluko phakathi kwesikhathi okwenzeka ngakho lokhu okulotshiweyo nesikhathi izikhuthali namuhla eziphila kuso – singasasithinti isimo okwakuphilwa kuso nesimo okuphilwa kuso namuhla – yiyo yonke imimango lelo nalelo chashaza eledlula kulo uma lisuswa kolwesiHebheru, lifakwa kolwesiZulu.
Amagama nezigigaba zasemazweni akude emandulo kudinga kekubhekwe-nje ngokwakho, kuqondisiswe kahle, ngaphambi kokuba kuzanywe ukukuhumushela kolunye ulwimi. Yingakho-ke iViyo lifunda lifundisisa, libuze libuzisisa, kuboniswane kuphindelelwa. Phakathi kwelendabuko yale ncwadi nakwelakithi kunebanga elikhulu! IViyo lakwaBiblia Zuluensis lesi simo lisifanisa nokwahlukana kwengxenye yelakithi engenhla nengezansi komfulakazi uThukela:
Ufinyelela kanjani umcebo uphelele, uphephile, ngaphesheya koThukela? Ifika kanjani inqolobane yeBiblia Hebraica kwelakwaZulu – iphelele, iphephile?
Le ndlela yokuhumusha esayisungulelwa ngoNida noTaber29, ebizwa ngokuthi yifunctional equivalent method (esizibizela yona thina ngokuthi yiFem) ichazeka kanje:
IViyo leziKhuthali lifana neqembu lamavulandlela elaziyo ukuthi akukho zibuko – akukho bhuloho – okungaweleleka ngalo ukuthuthezela umcebo ngaphesheya koThukela lapho ulindelwe khona. Ngenxa yokuthi lapho uThukela lungenela khona olwandle maningi kakhulu amanzi, kujulile, iqembu kufanele lewuse umfula, lihambe ligudla ogwini lomfula lize lifike enhla, lapho amanzi engesemaningi kakhulu, kungasajulile kakhulu, lapho laphaya nalaphaya mhlawumbe kubonakala khona amatshe okungacaceka kuwo, kuwelelekele ngaphesheya.
Umcebo lo iqembu liwucana, liwenze imithwadlana emincane ephatheka ngesandla, liphathisane, liwelisane. Kungenzeka-ke ukuthi lolu dledle kusukwa esingenelweni somfula olwandle, kwewukwa kuyiwa emazibukweni enhla nomfula, luphindaphindwe kaningi uze uphelele wonke lo mcebo othuthezelwayo. Kungavela nokuningi okungabambezela nokungathikazisa endleleni – ukuphendula kwezulu, ukukhathala, izigebengu!
Isineke neso elibanzi nokwazisana kusemqoka kulolu banjiswano lwamavulandlela eweza umcebo, ewuwezela kwelakubo izibuko lapho ulindelwe khona. Ngaphesheya ngokufanayo: Imithwadlana iyaphathiswana, ithuthezelwe iyonqwatshelwa ngasesingenelweni njengangaphesheya – iphelele, iphephile! IViyo leziKhuthali selinalo ngalinye ngalinye ichashazana neganyana nendatshana eliyidingela ukuyethula kwabo. Usungaqhubeka-ke umsebenzi wokuhumusha nokulolonga:
Izinhlamvu namagama angaqondakalisisi noma ahlanekezelwe ngamabomu kanye nezaga kuyaxazululwa, kuhlaziywe, kucutshungulwe, kuthi lapho kudingeka khona kunandiswe kuhlotshiswe kuvumelane nemimango namagquma akwaZulu ngaphandle kokuguqula umqondo nomongo wawo. Kungenzeka-ke iViyo liyigweme ngamabomu-nje indlela obekwe ngayo umusho othile ngesiHebheru, lizitholele esiZulwini eliyibona ishaya kangcono emhlolweni kanti futhi izwakala kangcono. Isibonelo:
USawuli kuthiwa ungena emgedeni ukuze “embese izinyawo zakhe” kule ngxoxo uDavida, owayekade emzingela, agcina emkhombisé khona ngokumnika umphetho wengubo yakhe ayezisikele khona lapho emgedeni uSawuli enganakile – emkhombisa-ke ukuthi ubengamjuma, ambulale-nje uma ubethanda. Lelibala emshweni wesithathu encwadini yokuqala kaSamweli, isahluko samashumi amabili nane (1. Sam 24,3) lichazeka kanjena ngokujiya kolwimi lwesiHebheru: “ukwembesa” (= ukuhloniphisa, ukufihla, ukugcika, ukufeza), “izinyawo” (= isici, ubuze, ububha, ihlazo, amanyala, amahloni).30
“ukufihla amanyala” njengoba kushiwo kuleli bala, ziningi izindlela zenhlonipho udaba olubekwa ngazo esiZulwini zizwakale ngaphandle kokuba kukhulunywe kugqakazwe, kuhlanjalazwe. UkuHlonipha31 nokuhloniphisa kwaziswa kakhulu esiZulwini.
Kanjalo-ke kutholakala kaningi ukuthi kukhona ukuhlobana kanti futhi kukhona umehluko phakathi kwesiHebheru nesiZulu – ezinhlamvini zenkulumo, ekwakhiweni kwemisho, ekuhlanekezeleni umqondo nasekwakheni izaga neziphicaphico.
Isibonelo: NgesiZulu sithi “wakhuluma“. NgesiNgisi sithi “She/He spoke“. NgesiHebheru sithi “wayyo’mer“ – umusho obhalwé njengegama elilodwa-nje, okusetshenziswa iziphongozo nezijobelelo ukuguqula izwi, nenani, nesikhathi ngokunjalo. Mayelana nokuhlonipha kuningi lapho zihlobene kanti futhi zehlukene kakhulu lezi zilwimi zombili. Isibonelo:
Uma ngesiHebheru kuthiwa “w’ho’odom yoda´ei-hawwo ischeto wattahar’“ (okungukuthi “Umuntu-ke\wamazi\umkakhe\wakhulelwa”)32 kuhumusheka kubekeke lokhu ngezindlela eziningi – enye yazo yile: “UAdamu walala noEva, wamkhulelisa”33. IViyo leziKhuthali lakwaBiblia Zuluensis liligwema ngamabomu elesiZulu elimqondo-munye no “yoda” wesiHebheru (“yoda” = “ukwazi noma ukwazana ngokocansi”) ebekungathi “wamlala”, livumelane ngamanye nawo ashaya emhlolweni kodwa elubeka udaba ngokuluhloniphisa okwaziwayo – njengalana: „wazisondeza ku …“ „wamthinta“ „wamthinta kwamancane“ noma kuvele kusetshenziwe lona leli eselaziwa, elingasadingi kuchazwa, elithi „wamazi“.
Yiyo yonke imininingwane lowo nalowo kulolu banjiswano okufanele ayiqaphelisise ukuze udaba luthi lungena esiZulwini lube lungawulahli umongo nomqondo walo wasesisuseni salo.
Iqembu lamavulandlela seligciné seliyisigungu sochwepheshe, osolwazi. Njengoba bebethuthezela amachashaza, namagama nezaga nezingxoxo, balingisa ukuthuthezela okwenziwa ngonyazi (electronic) – ziqale zihlahlwe, zicanwe izitho (bytes) bese zithubeleza ngogesi emkhathini, zithi zingafika phambili, zinqwatshele ndawonye, zixhunywe ukuze zifike zifundeke ngokuzwakalayo – njengoba lenza neqembu lamavulandlela ekuwezeni umcebo, liwuwezela ngaphesheya koThukela.
Ubuhle nobunmandi bombhalo
Njengoba zizihle zizwakala kahle kanje eziningi izingxoxo ebhaybhelini lesiHebheru esithathela kulo ekuhumusheleni ezilwimini zonke ezinye, lokho kuwumphumela wezaba nemizamo engaqedwa, kuphindelelwa – njengoba nangesiZulu kunamazinga amaningi ehlukene okubeka nokunandisa udaba. Okusemqoka kukho konke yingqondo – umbiko oqukethwe umbhalo. Siyichaza kanjena eyobuhle nobumnandi bombhalo:
Kufana-nje nenhlwathi uma izilambele, icothele ukujuma inyamazane: Iyayibuka, isondele ngokunyenya, iyilalele esikhaleni – lapho engathi uma yethuka, ibalekele ngakhona. Njengoba inhlwathi iyizingela-nje le nyamazane, isihlelé kahle engqondweni yayo, yabona ukuthi le nyamazane ilingana namandla ayo; iyabona futhi ukuthi yinyamazane edlekayo – nayo futhi efisayo ukuthi iyidle, okungathi uma iyidla-nje, seneliseke nesidingo sokuqeda indlala nokuthola okwanele okwakha
umzimba.
Ukuthi le nyamazane imisé ngezimpondo zakwanokusho, icothoza ngezinselo ezinhle kanjani, icwayiza kanjani ngamehlo uma ihlalwa yimpukane ebusweni, … konke lokho akubalulekile kangako kule nhlwathi ezifunela inyama yokuqeda indlala nokwakha umzimba ngokwempilo.
Izothi-ke inyamazane uma isibona le nhlwathi, yethuka, izithele kufeleba, ayibambe ngqi, ayithandele ngomzimba nangomsila wakhe, ingabe isakwazi ukubaleka. Uyasuka lapho uyibophisisa impela uyaqinisa, iyabhocobala iba umphotho ifuza umnyaba wezinkuni, ivumela ukuthi ikwazeke ukumimiliteka ngobude bayo, igwinyeke iphelele, kungalahleki namlenzana naphonjwana-nje. Sekudinga-nje ukuthi inhlwathi iyikhothe, iyikhothe, mimilitiyane!
Nansi-ke inhlwathi isisuthi inyamazane; isizingelé yaphumelela! Umzimba
wayo-ke manje usuzobhekana nokuncela nokwemukela onke amanoni nomnkantsha nobubende nemvomve nakho konke okutholakala kule nyamazane.
Kunjalo-ke ukuthatha ulwazi ulususa olwimini lwezizwe ululetha kini. Akungabi ubugagu kuphela lolu lwazi olubekwa ngabo kwelakubo, akube yilo ulwazi uqobo lwalo ofika nalo kithi uma usihumushela!
Uma kuqhubeka kahle, lezi zingxoxo nezigameko zigcina sezejwayelekile-nje sengathi ngezendabuko, kanti kwajulukwa kuphindelelwa kuzanywa ukuzifaka: “Wahamba ijuba likaNowa” okuyisaga esishiwo uma ‘eseshayé utshani’, engasabuyi obekulindelwe ukuthi uzohamba, abuye.34 Baningi namuhla abangasazi ukuthi lesi nezinye izaga ezinjalo zangena ngebhaybheli esiZulwini.
Njengoba bese sishilo: Kufanele-ke kukwazi ukufundeka ngendlebe lokhu okuhunyushiwe. Iso lofundayo kanye nolimi lwakhe kufanele luzigijimile-nje, luzishelelele-nje kalula phezu kwezinhlamvu ezibhaliweyo ukuze nezwi lehle lenyuka, ligcizelele njengoba kwenziwa uma kukhulunywa, kuxoxwa noma kwethiwa izinganekwane. Yingakho-ke iViyo lidamane lihlola ukuthi abanye bona benze njani, leboleke nakubo uma kukhona okungasebenziseka ekulobeni ngendlela ehambisana nalo mgomo35.
Ubugagu ekuxoxeni buluphendula lube yinqolobane yomlando namakhono ehlukile ulwimi lwesiZulu, olunezinkondlo ezihaywayo nezithenyelezwayo ngokwehluka kwazo36. Kunenqubo namasiko alusizo kwabahumushayo – njengokwethiwa kwamabizo nezidlaliso nezibongo.37
“zimnandi ngokuphindwa”
Kanye ngonyaka iViyo likhipha incwajana eliyibiza ngokuthi ngu-“zimnandi ngokuphindwa“, equkethe ezimbalwa kwezihunyushiwe, ezilotshwé njengengxoxo-nje emfushane, kunxuswe ofundayo – emakhaya, ezikoleni, emabandleni amasonto nanoma kuphi nje-ke emphakathini – ukuthi abeke imibono, anike nezeluleko lapho ebona kudingeka khona. Baningi abayikhuthalele le nkundla; lo mshikashika uphenduka ube yindaba yomphakathi wonke njengokwesifiso seziKhuthali eViyweni loBanjiswano. Ezinye zalezi esezicutshungulwé ngale ndlela yilezi:
- iviki lokuqala ngqa (uGenesisi 1) 38
- umuntu ngumuntu-ngabantu (uGenesisi 2)39
- vulekiyane amehlo! (uGenesisi 3)40
- kwachitheka igazi (uGenesisi 4)41
- uzamcolo nejuba likaNowa (uGenesisi 7)42
- uthingo lwenkosazana (uGenesisi 8)43
- kwabheda ulwimi eBhabhela (uGenesisi 11)44
- amadodakazi kaSelofehadi (uJoshwa 17; uNumeri 27; uNumeri 36)45
Uzoqhubeka u-“zimnandi ngokuphindwa” uluphelekezele uhlelo, zaziwe zidingidwe zonke eziphakathi zizi zigcine zivelé encwadini eyoba umphumela – iBhaybheli ngesiZulu, ezinye zezingxenye zazo esezingatholakala eshashalazini elisomoyeni46.
>> Lo mbiko usaqhubeka <<
nguBheni kaMkhulunyelwa noMaZungu wakwaKhumalo eBaQulusini
weViyo leziKhuthali oBanjiswaneni lokuHumusha nokuBhala kabusha
iBhaybheli ngesiZulu – Biblia Zuluensis
http://www.benkhumalo-seegelken.de/texte-ibhaybheli.html
30.12.2011
UMtapo woLwazi:
1. Imiqulu
Bibel in gerechter Sprache, hg. von Ulrike Bail, Frank Crüsemann, Marlene Crüsemann, Erhard Domay, Jürgen Ebach, Claudia Janssen, Hanne Köhler, Helga Kuhlmann, Martin Letzsch und Luise Schottroff, Gütersloh 2006.
Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, hg. von Karl Elliger/Wilhelm Rudolph, Stuttgart 1979.
Das KAIROS Dokument: Herausforderung an die Kirche. Ein theologischer Kommentar zur politischen Krise in Südafrika, EWM-Informationen Nr. 64, Hamburg 1985.
Die Bybel. Nuwe Vertaling (met herformulerings). Teks, Woordelys en Teksverwysings, Kapstadt 1983.
Die Lexikon-Bibel. Gute Nachricht. Übersetzung mit Erklärungen und Bildern. Ohne die Spätschriften des Alten Testaments, Stuttgart 2003.
Gute Nachricht Bibel. Altes und Neues Testament. Mit den Spätschriften des Alten Testaments (Deuterokanonische Schriften/Apokryphen), Stuttgart 1997.
IBhayibheli eliNgcwele, The Bible in Zulu, B.F.B.S. 1959, INhlangano yeBhayibheli yaseNingizimu neAfrika, SBN 564-00773-0 (amakhasi: 1186).
IBaible eli iNgcwele. Eli neTestamente eliDala, neliTya. Ku Kutywa Kuzo Izilimi Zokuqla. Ukuhlelwa kokuqala 1893. Ukuhlelwa kokuqala kwaseNingizimu neAfrika © 1974. Inhlangano yeBhayibheli yaseNingizimu neAfrika 1974.
IThestamente eliSha namaHubo, Indaba emnandi kaJesu Kristu iNkosi yethu, Isihumusho sika-1986, ukuhlelwa kokuqala 1986, ukushicilelwa kwesithathu, 1992. INhlangano yeBhayibheli yaseNingizimu neAfrika 1986.
Novum Testamentum Graece. Apparatum criticum recensuerunt et editionem novis curis elaboraverunt Kurt Aland et Barbara Aland una cum instituto studiorum textus Novi Testamenti Monasternsi (Westphalia), hg. von Kurt Aland/Eberhard Nestle/Erwin Nestle, Stuttgart 1979.
Steurer, Rita Maria 21989, Das Alte Testament: Interlinearübersetzung Hebräisch-Deutsch; hebräischer Text nach der Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, Bd. 1: Genesis-Deuteronomium, Neuhausen-Stuttgart.
Dies. 21993, Das Alte Testament: Interlinearübersetzung Hebräisch-Deutsch; hebräischer Text nach der Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, Bd. 2: Josua – Könige, Neuhausen-Stuttgart.
Dies. 21996, Das Alte Testament: Interlinearübersetzung Hebräisch-Deutsch; hebräischer Text nach der Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, Bd. 3: Jesaja – Jeremia – Ezechiel, Neuhausen-Stuttgart.
Dies. 21999, Das Alte Testament: Interlinearübersetzung Hebräisch-Deutsch; hebräischer Text nach der Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, Bd. 4: Die 12 kleinen Propheten – Hiob – Psalmen, Neuhausen-Stuttgart.
Dies. 22003, Das Alte Testament: Interlinearübersetzung Hebräisch-Deutsch; hebräischer Text nach der Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, Bd. 5: Sprichwörter – Ruth – Das Hohelied – Prediger – Klagelieder – Esther – Daniel – Esra – Nehemia – 1. Chronik – 2. Chronik, Neuhausen-Stuttgart.
The Holy Bible (1611). Self-pronouncing Edition. Revised Standard Version. Containing the Old and New Testaments. Translated from the Original Tongues being the version set forth A.D. 1611, revised A.D. 1881-1885 and A.D. 1901, compared with the most ancient authorities and revised A.D. 1946-1952, Cleveland-New York 1962.
The New Testament in Modern English. JB Phillips Revised Edition, London 1960/1972.
2. Izincwadi nezincwajana
Bryant, A.T. 1949, The Zulu People. As They Were Before the White Man Came, Pietermaritzburg.
Callaway, Henry 1970 (1870), The Religious System of the AmaZulu, Wynberg (Faksimile-Reprint).
De Waard, J./Nida, E.A. 1986, From One Language to Another. Functional Equivalence in Bible Translating, Nashville.
Finkelstein, Israel/Silberman, Neil A. 2002, Keine Posaunen vor Jericho. Die archäologische Wahrheit über die Bibel, München.
Gross, Walter (Hg.) 2001, Bibelübersetzung heute – Geschichtliche Entwicklungen und aktuelle Anforderungen. Stuttgarter Symposion 2000 (Arbeiten zur Geschichte und Wirkung der Bibel 2), Stuttgart.
Hermanson, E.A. 1991, The transliteration of New Testament Proper Nouns into Zulu, Pretoria (unveröffentlichte Masterarbeit).
Khumalo-Seegelken, Ben 1999-2008, „zimnandi ngokuphindwa“. uBheni wakwaKhumalo usixoxela kabusha ezikhethiweyo kwezingasoze zabuna, Huntlosen (unveröffentlicht), Occasional papers No. 1-7, http://www.benkhumalo-seegelken.de/texte-ibhaybheli.html, Stand: 30.12.2011.
Ders. 2007, Thina Kwelakithi iZolo naNamuhla. Umzila wolwazi nomlando welakwaZulu namaphethelo ngelaka ngangekhono labalobi nabasunguli kusukela emandulo kuze kube namuhla (übersetzte und aktualisierte Fassung von: Cope, T. 1974, The Zulu People. A Select Biography, Durban, unveröffentlicht).
Ders. 2008, Gemeinschaft der Verschiedenen, Berlin, http://www.benkhumalo-seegelken.de/dokumente/LSVD_Gemeinschaft-der-Verschiedenen.pdf, Stand: 30.12.2011.
Meinhold, Arndt 2000, Kriterien wissenschaftlichen Bibelübersetzens an Beispielen alttestamentlicher Kommentare, in: Walter Groß (Hg.) 2001, Bibelübersetzung heute – Geschichtliche Entwicklungen und aktuelle Anforderungen. Stuttgarter Symposium 2000 (Arbeiten zur Geschichte und Wirkung der Bibel 2), Stuttgart.
Nida, E.A./Taber, C.R. 1969, The Theory and Practice of Translation, Leiden.
Nxumalo, S.S. 1979, iFonethiksi nokuhlelwa kwesiZulu, Midrand.
Nyembezi, Sibusiso C.L. 1973, Uhlelo lwesiZulu, Pietermaritzburg.
Ders. 1954, Zulu Proverbs, Johannesburg.
Prinsloo, Mastin/Breier, Mignonne 1996, The social uses of literacy: theory and practice in contemporary South Africa, Philadelphia.
Roberts, C. 1900, A Zulu Manual or Vade-Mecum, being a Companion Volume to „The Zulu-Kafir Language“ and the „English-Zulu Dictionary“, London.
Ders. 31902 (1874), The Zulu-Kafir Language, simplified for beginners (erweiterte Auflage), London.
Schlosser, Katesa 1977, Die Bantubibel des Blitzzauberers Laduma Madela. Schöpfungsgeschichte der Zulu. Mit Illustrationen von Laduma Madela, Muziwezixhwala Tabete und Jabulani Ntuli, Kiel.
Vilakazi, Absolom 1965, Zulu Transformations. A study of the dynamics of social change, Pietermaritzburg.
Quellen
- Lesi sigungu sesaziwa ngokuthi siyiViyo leziKhuthali oBanjisweni lokuHumusha nokuBhala kabusha iBhaybheli ngesiZulu (Team of Volunteers: Biblia Zuluensis – iBhaybheli ngesiZulu). Sizobe sihlangene ngokulandelayo maduze-nje. Bheka: http://www.benkhumalo-seegelken.de/dokumente/team-toiling-20th-year.doc 06.01.2015
- Ezilwimini ezlishumi nanye (11) kwelaseNingizimu-Afrika isiZulu sikhulunywa ngokuvamile ukuzedlula zonke ezinye. Uqhathaniso ngokwengxenye yekhulu (100%): isiZulu 23,8%; isiXhosa 17,6%; isiBhunu 13,3%; Sesotho sa Leboa 9,4%; isiNgisi 8,2%; seTswana 8,2%; seSotho 7,9%; xiTsonga 4,4%; siSwati 2,7%; tshiVenda 2,3%; isiNdebele 1,6%; ezinye izilwimi 0,5% ( South Africa Yearbook 2006/07, www.safrica.info).
- Sikhulunywa kulo lonke elaseMzansi-Afrika isiZulu, ikakhulukazi esifundazweni esiphakathi neziNtaba zoKhahlamba nolwandlekazi olusempumalanga, ngenhla nangezansi koMfula uThukela, esaziwa namuhla ngokuthi isifundazwe sakwaZulu-Natali >> http://www.benkhumalo-seegelken.de/dokumente/Isifundazwe-saKwaZulu.doc 30.12.2011
- Bheka lapha: http://www.benkhumalo-seegelken.de/dokumente/IBHAYBHELI_NGESIZULU.pdf 30.12.2011
- Ngesikhathi sombuso weNkosi uDingane kaSenzangakhona kaJama (1828-1840) okwaqhubeka, kwanda eminyakeni eyalandela lapho – ngesikhathi sombuso weNkosi uMpande kaSenzangakhona kaJama (1840- …)
- IBhayibheli eliNgcwele, The Bible in Zulu, B.F.B.S. 1959, INhlangano yeBhayibheli yaseNingizimu neAfrika, SBN 564-00773-0 (amakhasi: 1186).
- Iningi lazo zikulolu hlu esalwakhelwa nguTrevor Cope ngowe-1974. Bheka lapha: Thina Kwelakithi – The Zulu People 1974, http://www.benkhumalo-seegelken.de/dokumente/Thina-Kwelakithi-Izolo-Nanamuhla__.doc 30.12.2012
- IBhayibheli eliNgcwele 1959.
- Ngangifundisisa ngiqhathanisa la mavesi okujwayelwe ukuthi avulwe uma kuzanywa kuphindelelwa kwehlulelwa kuqalekiswa ababulili-bunye nezocansi eziphathene nabo, kuzanywa ukubakhipha inyumbazana nokubagciwaza – la mavesi: uGenesisi 19,4-11; uLevithikhu 18,22; uLevithikhu 20,13; abeHluleli 19,22-25; abaseRoma 1,27; iNcwadi yokuQala yabaseKhorinte 6,9; iNcwadi yokuQala kaThimothi 1,10. (Bheka futhi: Khumalo-Seegelken 2008).
- IThestamente eliSha namaHubo, Indaba emnandi kaJesu Kristu iNkosi yethu, Isihumusho sika-1986, ukuhlelwa kokuqala 1986, ukushicilelwa kwesithathu, 1992. INhlangano yeBhayibheli yaseNingizimu neAfrika 1986 ISBN 0-7982-0657-8 (amakhasi: 659).
- iBhanjekhu. Bheka lapha: http://www.benkhumalo-seegelken.de/dokumente/iBHANJEKHU.pdf 30.12.2011
- INhlangano yabaLobi beziNcwadi okuFundwa ngazo eziKoleni ingenye yababanesasasa lokuzwisisa ukuthi kungahlolwa kulungiswe kanjani, abanye bayo begcizelela bethi: “Kufanele nakanjani sazisise, sibambisane. Okubhalwé ebhaybhelini phela kuyobe sekubhalwe kubhaliwe; izincwadi zezikole esizibhalayo azingasileli emuva!” – kusho uSolwazi uDBZ Ntuli emhlanganweni wabo engangimenyelwé kuwo eThekwini ngowe-1997.
- Kukhona abaluncelayo kanye nabalufundiswa nabazifundela ulwimi lwesiZulu abaqhamuka kuwo onke amagumbi akwelakithi nakude – asikhethé bala lamuntu!
- Isibonelo: http://www.benkhumalo-seegelken.de/dokumente/bibilia-zuluensis_AMAMINITHI-2010.doc 30.12.2011.
- Steurer 1989, 329.
- Bheka: Die Lexikon-Bibel, 96.
- Bheka: Bibel in gerechter Sprache, 118.
- http://www.benkhumalo-seegelken.de/dokumente/umlando-wokwenanwa-kwezincwadi-zethestamente-elidala-TD.pdf, 30.12.2011.
- http://www.benkhumalo-seegelken.de/dokumente/Ngubani-owabhala-yiphi-incwadi-TSh.pdf, 30.12.2011.
- http://www.benkhumalo-seegelken.de/dokumente/ithestamente-elidala-lisalifundelwani.pdf, 30.12.2011.
- http://www.benkhumalo-seegelken.de/dokumente/sifundisana-ukufunda-isiHebheru.doc, 30.12.2011.
- http://www.benkhumalo-seegelken.de/dokumente/SIHLOLA-NGOKUQHATHANISA.pdf, 30.12.2011.
- http://www.benkhumalo-seegelken.de/dokumente/uhlu-lwamagama-namabizo.pdf, 30.12.2011.
- http://www.benkhumalo-seegelken.de/dokumente/ISICHASISO_iBhaybheli.pdf, Stand: 16.12.2011.
- http://www.benkhumalo-seegelken.de/dokumente/Umlando-kalzrayeli.doc, Stand: 16.12.2011.
- Isikhumbuzo ngomhlangano olandelayo sesiphumile-nje: http://www.benkhumalo-seegelken.de/dokumente/team-toiling-16th-year.doc, 30.12.2011.
- Kusazothatha ikhulu namashumi ayisishiyagalombili (180) eminyaka uma kuqhutshwa ngale ndlela. Okungasiza ukusifinyeza lesi sikhathi kungaba ukusungula amaViyo eziKhuthali amane asebenza kanyekanye ezindimeni ezehlukene, bese egcina ngokuzihlanganisa, azilolonge, zivumelane.
- Nida/Taber 1969.
- Le ndlela esisebenza ngayo uma sihumusha izingxoxo nemizekeliso siyisusa ezincwadini zayo zendabuko siyifaka olwimini lwakithi, siyibiza ngokuthi „yifemu“, okuyisifinyezo sebizo lesilungu elithi functional equivalent method (fem). Le ndlela sazebolekela yona kwabanye abahumushi bamabhaybheli baphesheya nakwamanye amazwe eAfrika asebesebenzé kade, bakhipha imiphumela encomekayo ngayo.
IFemu yindlela yokuhumusha elandela umbiko oqukethwe yilo mbhalo ohunyushwayo. Umbiko yiwona phela okuzanywa ukuthi wedluliselwe kwabakhuluma ulwimi lwakithi njengoba kuhunyushwa-nje. Ubuhle neciko nobugagu obungabakhona olwimini esuswa kuyo ingxoxo akudingeki buphoqelelwe ukufakwa olwimini lwakithi okungaze kugcine sekuphunyuké kwalahleka lolu daba esifisa ukuluhumusha. (Qhathanisa noNida/Taber 1969).
- Uma sihumushela esiZulwini silandela u Steurer 1989, 553
- Ngokunjalo akuhluphi esiZulwini ukumazi ngamagama amaningi lo oPhezukonke okuthiwa konke lokhu okukhona kwavezwa nguye – owayaziwa ngamagama amaningi, amanye awo alotshwé phansi ebhaybhelini lesiHebheru okuyilona sonke siluthathela khona lolu daba, kuthiwa unguAdonayi, unguEl Shadayi, nathi esimbiza ngokuthi nguMdali, nguMvelingqangi, nguSmakade, oPhezukonke, yiNkosi, yiNkosi yamaKhosi,.
- uGenesisi 4,1.
- Die Lexikon-Bibel, 33 (sizihumushele).
- Okulandela le ngxoxo ngoNowa okuthiwa kwathi uzamcolo sekubonakala sengathi usudambile, “wathuma ijuba; alabe lisabuya”. (uGenesisi 8,12)
- La mabhaybheli esiJalimane, i-Die Lexikon-Bibel, ne-Bibel in gerechter Sprache, kanye ne-BasisBibel ayisibonelo esihle kakhulu obanjiswaneni lweBiblia Zuluensis.
- Isibonelo esaziwayo yizibongo zeNkosi uShaka kaSenzangakhona (1787-1828), okuthi nanamuhla uma zihaywa kucace ukuthi kuqalwa phansi kukhunjuzwana ngezigigaba nezingqinamba emlandweni njengoba kwenziwa nasezingxoxweni zasebhaybhelini uma kuze kuthiwa “ngesikhathi senkosi u … …”
- Kuyasiza ukuthi wonke umuntu ekuzalweni kwakhe wethiwa amagama amaningi abafikele engqondweni abazali bakhe esalindelwe, okuthi ngokukhula kwakhe elinye lawo kube ngabizwa ngalo ngunina, nguyise, ngabanewabo nodadewabo, ngontanga ngokwehlukana; kuze kungene nezidlaliso, namantelo nezibongo ezinye ezingemnandi-nje kuphela. UVelabahleke, uBahlanganisile, uMahlekehlathini ngamanye amagama namantelo nezibongo aseya ngokushabalala, ayekade elusizo ekugcineni ulwazi ngezenzakalo nezigigaba ezithile ezifana nomlando kulabo abedlula kuzo – kolwesiZulu nakolwesiHebheru ngokunjalo.
- http://www.benkhumalo-seegelken.de/dokumente/iviki-lokuqala-ngqa.pdf 30.12.2011.
- http://www.benkhumalo-seegelken.de/dokumente/umuntu-ngumuntu-ngabantu.pdf 30.12.2011.
- http://www.benkhumalo-seegelken.de/dokumente/vulekiyane-amehlo.pdf 30.12.2011.
- http://www.benkhumalo-seegelken.de/dokumente/kwachitheka-igazi.pdf 30.12.2011.
- http://www.benkhumalo-seegelken.de/dokumente/uzamcolo-nejuba-likaNowa.pdf 30.12.2011.
- http://www.benkhumalo-seegelken.de/dokumente/uthingo-lwenkosazana.pdf 30.12.2011.
- http://www.benkhumalo-seegelken.de/dokumente/kwabheda-ulwimi-eBhabhela.pdf 30.12.2011.
- http://www.benkhumalo-seegelken.de/dokumente/biblia-zuluensis_amadodakazi-kaSelofehadi.pdf 30.12.2011
- Bheka lapha: http://www.benkhumalo-seegelken.de/dokumente/IBHAYBHELI_NGESIZULU.pdf 30.12.2011.


c: text/html

text:
Lapho siqala ukulungisa i-aquarium ukuze izilwane zethu ezifuywayo ezincane zihlale ezimweni ezinhle, kudingeka sazi inani ...
Uma sine-aquarium yomphakathi, enye yezinkinga ezinkulu zezempilo ezivame ukuthinta izinhlanzi ...
Akukhona okokuqala sibona inhlanzi ibheke phansi. Cha, lokhu esikushoyo akukhona ...
Yize sibona izinhlanzi zethu e-aquarium, zivikelwe ngokuvamile, kude nabenzeli bangaphandle, izidalwa ezingenzeka, njll. Nakho…
Ukucasulwa kwama-cysts esikhumbeni senhlanzi nengaphakathi layo yilokho esikwaziyo njenge-nodulosis, ...
Isikhumba sokubhukuda siyilungu lomzimba elenziwe ngesaka, elisenhla kwezitho eziningi ...
I-Hexamite yi-protozzo ethinta ikakhulukazi izinhlanzi ze-discus. I-hexamite isebenzisa ithuba lokuthi inhlanzi ...
I-pathologies ebaluleke kakhulu izinhlanzi ze-tetra ezingaphathwa yizinambuzane. Ikakhulukazi i-parasite eyaziwa ngokuthi yi-Pleistophora ...
Ezinhlanzini eziningi esinazo e-aquarium, ungabona ukuthi igula ngokumane ...
I-betta yinhlanzi ethambekele kakhulu ezifweni noma ezigulini ezingabeka impilo ye ...
Kunezifo eziningi namagciwane ama-guppies angawathola, kepha kunezinqubo eziningana, okuvame kakhulu ...

robotstxt: allowed

filter: keep


text:
Kusebusuku obandulela ukhetho luka-2008 futhi angikabi nentshisekelo ngezinqumo zakusasa. Angikwazi ukuzibamba kodwa ngizibuze ukuthi ngabe uBarack Obama umane nje wenza kabusha iVista:
- Isabelomali esikhulu sokumaketha.
- Ihlonyiselwe ushintsho.
- Izethembiso zokuzinza okukhulu.
- Ukuphepha okuthuthukisiwe.
- Qedela ukuhambisana.
- Kubiza kancane.
Abezindaba nochwepheshe bakubiza ngokuwina kuka-Obama. Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa, ngiyazibuza ukuthi ngabe iMelika izobe ifisa ukuthola i- downgrade, noma ngisho nethuba lokushintshela kufayela le- Mac. (UMcCain, lokho).


text:
Injini: Rolex Caliber 2836. I-ETA 2836 3200-task Swiss movement iyindlela yesikhathi enokwethenjelwa kakhulu emhlabeni, ephakeme kunokunyakaza okujwayelekile kwemishini ekuthuthukiseni ukunemba kwamawashi.
I-Bezel Material: I-Ceramics Bezel. I-Bezel impahla isakhiwo esiyingqayizivele esenza kube ukukhetha okuhle kakhulu kwamawashi. Impahla ingamelana nokuklwebheka, imihuzuko nokuhlehla. Le nto ye-bezel imelana kakhulu nokushisa nokubanda kuzo zonke izinto ezisetshenziswa ekwenzeni amawashi.
I-Luminiscence: Izandla Nezimpawu. Njengoba ubona ezithombeni ezingenhla, ukukhanya kwewashi yizandla nomaka. Kwenza iwashi lakho libukeke lihlekisa futhi lisebenza kahle.
I-Clap: Goqa Ngaphezulu kwe-Clasp. I-fold over clasp isetshenziswa lapha ukwenza kube lula futhi kusheshe kumsebenzisi ukuthi avule futhi asonge ikesi lewashi ukuze aligcine livikelekile.
Icala lokubuka: 316L. Iwashi lethu lewashi lenziwe ngo-316L, ingxenye yokuminyana iseduze nensimbi, futhi ngokuvamile ayiwuthinti umzimba womuntu. Le nto ivame ukusetshenziswa ezindongeni zamawashi aseSwitzerland.
Izimpawu zokudayela: Ichashazi. Ngokocwaningo, iso lomuntu liyazwela lapho likhomba, ukukhomba ukuthi yisikhathi sini.
Icala Emuva: Liqinile. Ikhava eqinile engezansi izoba namandla okumelana namanzi kangcono kunokungena ngaphansi. Indandatho yokuvala engangeni manzi yengezwa ewashini elisuka ngezansi, okwenza kube nzima ukuvala.
Ukugcinwa kwamandla: Amahora angu-40. Ungangabazi ukuthenga iwashi kithi, sisebenzisa amahora angu-40 wokugcinwa kwamandla, okuhlala isikhathi eside futhi okubekezelelekayo.
I-Crystal: I-Sapphire Crystal. Izinto zewashi ziyikristalu ecwebezelayo futhi esobala, evamise ukusetshenziselwa izinsimbi zokubona ezinembayo.
Ukumelana namanzi: amamitha ayi-100. Mayelana newashi, ukujula okungangeni manzi kungamamitha ayi-100, okufana newashi langempela. (I-Automatic movement evamile ayingeni manzi nsuku zonke, idinga ukuthenga isevisi eyengeziwe engangeni manzi efinyelela kumamitha ayi-100.)


text:
Iqembu lami le-NEO limemezela isivumelwano samasu ne-Crypto Expo Milan (CEM), umcimbi onikezelwe ku-Blockchain, i-Crypto, i-Ecosystems De.fi, i-NFT, i-Metaverse ne-Web 3.0, ezokwenzeka eMilan kusukela ku-23 kuya ku-26 Juni 2022. I-CEM ithuthukisa ulwazi lwe-internaNonal Crypto Community futhi ihlanganisa izingqondo ezihlakaniphile, izinhlobo ezinkulu, abashintshi begeyimu, abadali, abatshalizimali ...
Ibhange langempela ngqo ku-smartphone yakho
I-Digital Banking Yenziwe Yalula
Ukubhenka Komuntu Siqu Nebhizinisi, kutholakale kalula
Safe & Umsindo
Safe & Umsindo
10 imizuzu
10 imizuzu
MasterCard
MasterCard
Mahhala
Mahhala
Beka imali ezandleni zakho
Landelela imali yakho yonke endaweni eyodwa futhi wenze ukusebenzisa kwakho kwansuku zonke kungabi nazihibe.
Uhlobo olusha lwebhange
Hlola amandla okubhanga okulula nokuhlakaniphile ku-inthanethi.
Khetha Ikhadi
Ukushintshaniswa kwemali okusheshayo
Kulula njengakuqala!
Indlela uqalise
Qonda indlela osebenzisa ngayo imali kangcono
Ukwesekwa okumangalisayo nokunobungane
Cha, iSilicon Valley - izimbungulu azizona izici. Xhumana nenkinga yezobuchwepheshe, yabelana ngempendulo yakho noma usibuze ngendawo yethu yokudla kwasemini esiyintandokazi e-Miami. Sikhona noma kuthiwani.
Abantu bayasithanda!
Bheka izindaba zempumelelo zamakhasimende ethu
Ihlathi ngenkathi uthenga!
Ku-akhawunti yasebhange ngayinye evuliwe, BancaNEO utshala isihlahla
Guqula konke okwenziwayo wenze isenzo esihle
Sisebenza nozakwethu abaphambili bokutshalwa kabusha kwamahlathi emhlabeni jikelele
BancaNEO sebenzisana ne-Tree-Nation eyikhaya lamaphrojekthi wokutshala angama-90 avela emazweni angama-33 ahlukene.
Izinsiza zokukugcina unolwazi
Sithi izinkokhelo ze-biometric. Unyaka ka-2021 uletha izinguquko ezibalulekile ezinsizeni zezezimali ngokuya ngedijithali. Amakhasimende aya ngokuya ancika kumasevisi aku-inthanethi nakubuchwepheshe obuqondene nomuntu siqu, okusiza amabhizinisi ukuthi andise izethameli eziqondiswe kubo futhi akhule ngokushesha. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, imakethe yezinsizakalo zezezimali izofinyelela ku- $ 26.5 trillion ngo-2022.
Usomabhizinisi osemusha ongumFulentshi uMickael Mosse uhola inhlangano yesimanje esiza abantulayo kanye nokuhlinzeka ngezinsizakusebenza zezezimali ezihlukile kumabhizinisi. “Besingazimisele ngokwakha ibhange. Sizimisele ukwakha umhlaba ongcono. Lokho kungasho imali eningi ephaketheni lakho - namandla engeziwe okwenza okuhle ezandleni zakho ”…
Thuthukela kuzilinganiso eziguquguqukayo kanye nendlela ehambisanayo, ngokusekelwe enanini nemvamisa yemisebenzi yakho. Jabulela ukuncintisana okukhulu kwamanani ngenxa yobudlelwano bethu nabahlinzeki abaningi. Izinhlobo zemali esisekela ukudluliswa kwezimali eziningi okwenziwe kwaba lula I-IBAN yemali eningi exhunywe ku-akhawunti yakho ye-Satchel ikuvumela ukuthi wenze imali kwamanye amazwe ngezinhlobo zemali ezingama-38, ngaphandle kokuvula ngokwehlukana ...
ABABAMBI BETHU NOKUHLANGANISA
IFIKE KU-40% IMBUZO YEMALI
Joyina i-NEO CIRCLE
Qala uhambo lwakho oluya enkululekweni yezezimali namuhla.


text:
Kusolwa amaphoyisa endawo ngokunyathela lolu daba
MTHOBISI SITHOLE
KUGASELWE sekuhanjwa nanamaphoyisa aqhamuka kwezinye izindawo, kwashaqwa utshwala okuthiwa bebudayiswa isinyenyela, eDundee njengoba kukhishwe umyalelo wokuba kuvalwe zonke izindawo ezidayisa izinyembezi zikaFaro njengoba kugonqwe izinsuku eziwu-21 ukunqanda ukusabalala kweCovid-19.
Lokhu kwenzeke izolo ngeSonto eDundee. UNgqongqoshe wezoku-Thuthukiswa koMnotho nezokuVakasha KwaZulu-Natal, uNkk Nomusa Dube-Ncube, utheleke namaphoyisa akwezinye izindawo kule ndawo ebisadayisa utshwala emuva kokuba kuzwakale izindaba zokuthi amaphoyisa aseNdumeni ayalwazi lolu daba kodwa kawazithathi izinyathelo.
Kunezinsolo eziqinile zokuthi amaphoyisa aseNdumeni anobudlelwano obuqinile nomnikazi wale ndawo ethengisa utshwala. Ngokuthola kweLANGA, lesi sigameko sibikwe ngusihlalo wekomidi lezemfundo oyilungu lesishayamthetho KwaZulu-Natal, uMnu Jomo Sibiya, esiteshini samaphoyisa okwenze afika esephethe bonke ubufakazi bokuthi kule ndawo kuyachanaswa, kakuvaliwe.
UMnu Sibiya uthi ukudayiswa kotshwala kule ndawo yaseTaye Side, eDundee, bekufihleke kakhulu ngoba abantu bebefika sengathi bazosebenzisa ikhompyutha (internet cafe), kanti bukhishwa ngemuva utshwala.
Uthi abanye bebefika nezikhwama bezobulanda. Utshele leli phephandaba ukuthi okwenze walusukumela phezulu lolu daba wukuthi nguyena ogadiswe le ndawo yi-ANC.
“Ngize ngazifikela mathupha ngabatshela ukuthi le nto abayenzayo kayemukelekile ngoba babulala isizwe sakithi. Kabazange bangilalele, bathe mangihambe ngiyofa yini, engizoyenza,” kusho uMnu Sibiya.
Uthi okuqaphelekile wukuthi umnikazi wesitolo unolwazi lonke ngokusebenza kwamaphoyisa ngoba ubehlola isimo ngaphakathi esiteshini samaphoyisa, bese efonela kwakhe ukuthi makudayiswe.
Uveze nokuthi lolu daba akagcinanga ngokulubika esifundazweni, kodwa ulwedlulisele ngisho kuzwelonke kuNgqongqoshe wezamaPhoyisa, uMnu Bheki Cele.
Kuthathwe nemishini yemali kusona lesi sitolo kuyophenywa ukuthi ukudayisa utshwala kuqale nini emuva kwesimemezelo sikaMengameli Cyril Ramaphosa sokuthi makuvalwe yonke into.
UNkk Dube-Ncube uthe bashaqekile ukuthi kungaba khona abantu abenza into efana nalena ekubeni izwe lisenkingeni.
“Sizoqinisekisa ukuthi amaphoyisa ayawenza umsebenzi wawo ngendlela efanele. Ngicela imeya yaseNdumeni namaphoyisa akule ndawo ukuba abambisane nomengameli wezwe njengoba kulwiwa nobhubhane lwalesi sifo.
“Makungavunyelwa abantu abenza lokhu ekubeni isimo sinzima kangaka,” kusho uNkk Dube-Ncube.
Uhambele nezitolo zakule ndawo ehlola intengo yokudla njengoba kunezinsolo zokuthi kunezidulisa izimpahla ngokweqile. UNkk Dube-Ncube uthi akathokozile ngendlela okubiza ngayo ukudla eNdumeni.
mthobisis@ilanganews.co.za


text: Zulu version.....Ngwenya, Mntimande, Bambolunye, zingaba mbili, zifuze konina, ekhabonina, mabuya, bengasabuyi,baye babuya emangwaneni ,nungunde, wakhothe, bayosala beziloyanisa, mabhodla ' manzi amantu kazana bebhodla utshwala, vusumuzi ngokuvus'okaMandonsela. Shongwe ,Mshweshwe, Ngwane !Ezibhalwe ngokunzimaZihlaziywe u -Jabulani Ngwenya, emzini wase-Gugwini e- New castle 0761419277 sms onlySwazi version.....Mabuya, Mntimandze, Bhambolunye, tingaba timbili ufute ekhabonina, Guliwe elimhlophe, mabhodla emanti bantfukatana babhodla tjwala, nkomonene, wena ung'vusimuzi ngoba wavusa umuzi kaMadonsela.


text:
PP Izinkomishi/Izinkomishi zetiye zobisi
Imininingwane Yomkhiqizo
Omaka bomkhiqizo
Kwenziwe kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe besimanjemanje ngezinto ze-PP ezivumelana nemvelo nekhwalithi ngaphansi kokuqondisa okuqinile kochwepheshe bakho, lezi zinkomishi ezilahlwayo zisetshenziswa kakhulu ezindaweni zokudlela, izindawo zokudlela, izinkomfa, imisebenzi kanye nemihlangano.
Ngenxa yokwethembeka kwezokuthutha, lezi zinkomishi futhi zenza isixazululo esihle kakhulu sokugcina ukudla ngenxa yamandla azo kanye nokuqina.
500ml/500pcs/ctn/φ90*130mm
700ml/500pcs/ctn/φ90*175mm
Isivalos 1000pcs/ctn (faka ikepisi elibomvu)
Ivolumu yakudala
Ngomthamo odume kakhulu ongu-500ml no-700ml, inkomishi yethu ye-PP isetshenziswa kabanzi njengenkomishi yetiye yobisi eshisayo enesivalo.
Ubukhulu obufanele nobulukhuni;
Ukumelana nengcindezi - akukho ukuphuka kalula.
Khiqiza Ukudayiswa Okuqondile
ikhwalithi enhle kakhulu ngentengo ephansi, isikhathi esifushane sokulethwa ngenkonzo efike ngesikhathi.


text:
Inyama yenhloko yaziwa ngokuthi inyama yamadoda futhi abantu besifazane babengayithinti futhi bengayidli lengxenye yalenyama. Bekuthi uma kuhlatshiwe emzini othile, kuhlukaniswa izoso ngezigaba zazo. Bekuba khona inyama yabesifazane bodwa, lapho kuxutshwe nezingane ngoba phela zazidlalela ngasesifazaneni futhi kumele abazali lapho abesifazane benze isiqiniseko ukuthi izingane zidlile. Bese kuba khona eyezintombi zodwa, kube eyezinsizwa, bese kuba eyamadoda. Inhloko yodwa yayigcinwa kuze kuphele umsebenzi ihlanganiswe namanqina okuthi ngosuku olubekiwe amadoda nezinsizwa zendawo zibizwe ukuthi zizodla lenyama.
Phela eyezinsizwa yayiba nengosi phakathi ngoba izinsizwa zaziqhathwa zishayane kuthi lowo ohluliwe uma ebalekile wakhombisa ubugwala, bese edliswa inyama yangaphakathi eyayiyimbi okuthiwa ibhakubha, icwiliswe emanzini ngoba kuthiwa uyigwala. Lowo okhombise ubuqhawe yena ubenikwa ubhedu inyama yamaqhawe okuyinyama yekhethelo. Lwalosiwa kahle luxhonywe endukwini kuthi izingqwele zilugade kuthi loyo okhombise ubuqhawe ekulweni nezinsizwa ezazikhona lapho, kube uyena ozodla lenyama yekhethelo. Kuthi ke laphaya esidlangalaleni amadoda asashaya umbengo alinde nawo leyo eyekhethelo. Ngaleso sikhathi inhloko isihlahleliwe esebhodweni iyagxajiswa, kothi ingavuthwa, isondezwe ngogqoko ihambisana nedombolo noma ujeqe ukuze amadoda asine azibethele.
Inhloko iqukethe inyama eyikhethelo njengolimi lwenkomo okuyilona oluhamba phambili lapha namadoda ayithakasela kakhulu. Ngenxa yokushintsha kwezikhathi, abantu besifazane basola ukuthi lukhona lukhulu abancishwa lona kulenhloko yenkomo. Ngokushintsha kwezikhathi nokuguquka kwezinto, ukudla sekuthengwa kuphekiwe noma kuthiwe udla ukudla kwesintu uma usedolobheni, nayo ke inhloko yabaphunyuka kanjalo abantu besilisa. Yaqala yadayiswa emadeleni lapho abantu besifazane ababefuna ukuxosha ikati eziko ngoba obaba besebenza kude nasemakhaya baqala ukuzithengela bayidayisa ezindaweni eziseduze nalapho kuhlangana khona amadoda. Baqala beyidayisa ingaphekiwe kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi bayiphekela ezindaweni zabo zokudayisela okwaba nesasasa kakhulu kubantu besilisa.
Edolobheni laseThekwini endaweni eyaziwa ngokuthi yiseMakethe lapho kugitshelwa khona amatekisi ahambela izindawo esingaphandle kwedolobha, yilapho uthola khona abantu besifazane bedayisa lenyama. Usuku nosuku kukhona abadayisi bezinhloko abaziletha edolobheni ukuzozithengisela lababesifazane. Umsebenzi wabo uqala lapho bazihlahlele bakhethe abazoyipheka enye bayidayise ingaphekiwe. Lothi lingaphakama ilanga, isivuthiwe inyama yekhethelo, isiphonswe ezithebeni isilungele ukudayiswa. Uthola lonke uhlobo lwabantu luthenga lenyama yekhethelo. Abantu bayithenga ubuthaphuthaphu osomatekisi nalabo abageza amatekisi emarenki. Okuphawulekayo ukuthi nabantu besifazane bayabonakala beyithenga beyidla khona esidlangalaleni. Indlela lenyama ethakaselwa ngayo usuku nosuku bathenga inhloko bayidayise yonke.
Mbusiswa Zuma


text:
Ubunjiniyela
Sizibophezele kakhulu ocwaningweni, entuthukweni nasekuqambeni izinto ezintsha, siyazi ngokuguquguquka kwemboni kanye nesidingo sokwakha imikhiqizo emisha evumelaniswe nezidingo zebhizinisi eziqhubeka zifuneka.
Ubunjiniyela busenhliziyweni yebhizinisi lethu. Singakusiza ukuthi uzuze isisombululo sikazibuthe esenzelwe noma yisiphi isidingo, ngohlelo lokusebenza, ngezindleko, ngesikhathi sokulethwa, ngokuthembeka, noma ngokwakhiwa!
Ubunjiniyela obenzeka ngasikhathi sinye kusukela ekuqaleni kohlelo buhlala buveza imiphumela emihle kakhulu - yokusebenza kahle, ikhwalithi kanye nezindleko. Sisebenza namakhasimende ethu kusukela ekuqaleni kwezinhlelo ezinkulu zokuhamba ngesivinini esikhulu ukuya emakethe.
Ubunjiniyela Bokudizayina
• Omazibuthe Abangunaphakade - ukukhetha nokucaciswa
• I-Finite Element Analyzes - ukumodela ukusebenza kohlelo lukazibuthe
• Magnetic Assemblies - idizayini yokwenza izinto, ukwakheka kubize, ukuthuthukiswa kokuhlolwa kokwamukela
• Imishini kagesi - ngobuchwepheshe bethu obuhlanganisiwe singakwazi ukuklanywa kokucaciswa okusebenzayo imishini ephelele kagesi
• Idizayini yokukhiqiza
• Idizayini yokubiza
• CNC Machining futhi Ukugaya uHlelo
• Machining tooling futhi lwemidlalo
• Ukuhlanganisa amathuluzi nokulungisa izinto
• Ithuluzi lokuhlola
• Ukulinganisa i-Go / No-Go
• Ukulawulwa kwe-BOM ne-Router
• Ukuhlelwa kwekhwalithi esezingeni eliphakeme
• Ukubalwa kwe-MTBF ne-MTBR
• Ukusungula imikhawulo nezinhlelo zokulawula
• Kopisha izindlela eziqondile zamashidi
• Ama-In-Process Gates ukuqinisekisa ukuthi akukho zinkinga
• Ukuthuthukiswa Kwenqubo Yokuhlolwa Kokwamukelwa
• Ukuhlolwa kukasawoti, ukwethuka, inkungu, umswakama kanye nokudlidliza
• Iphutha, imbangela kanye nokuhlaziywa kwesenzo sokulungisa
• Izinhlelo eziqhubekayo zokwenza ngcono


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Izinambuzane Abamectin 1.8% EC 50gl EC 36gl EC CAS 71751-41-2
Imininingwane yomkhiqizo
Amathegi womkhiqizo
Ukuboniswa komkhiqizo
Imininingwane
Isicelo
Isitoreji: Kuboshwe ngokuqinile futhi kugcinwe kude nokukhanya endaweni epholile neyomile.
Umkhiqizo yi-ejenti elwa namagciwane, elisebenza ukulwa nama-nematode, izinambuzane, izibungu nokunye okunjalo.
Umjovo ne-tablet eyenziwe ngomkhiqizo kukhonjisiwe ekwelapheni ama-nematodes emathunjini, i-hyproderma bovis,
i-hyproderma lineatum, i-sheep nose bot, i-psoroptes ovis, ama-sarcoptes scabiei var suis, ama-sarcoptes ovis nokunye okunjalo.
Isikali esinconyiwe: 0.2-0.3mg / kg bw avermectin.
Umkhiqizo ungakhiwa njengesibulala-zinambuzane nokubulala izinhlungu okusetshenziswa kwezolimo, okusebenza kahle ngokumelene nezibungu, i-diamondback
isibungu, common cabbage worm, leafminers, psylla, nematodes nokunye okunjalo.


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Esinye sezizathu esenza i-ejensi yethu ingesona isitolo sokuqukethwe kungenxa yokuthi inhloso yokumaketha okuku-inthanethi akuyona ukukhiqiza okuqukethwe, ukukhulisa ibhizinisi lakho. Sikhiqiza okuqukethwe (ikakhulukazi i-infographics namaphepha amhlophe) yamakhasimende, kepha ukuchofoza ukushicilela kuyisinyathelo esisodwa kucebo elikhulu kakhulu. Ukuqonda ukuthi ubhalela bani nokuthi hlobo luni lokuqukethwe abakufunayo kufanele kwenzeke ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Futhi uma usushicilele okuqukethwe, lapho-ke kuzodingeka uqiniseke ukuthi kuhlanganisiwe futhi kuthuthukiswa kahle ukukhulisa ukufinyelela kwakho.
Kuyini ukugenca kokukhula?
Kunomgoqo ophansi wokungena wokwenza umkhiqizo wewebhu… kepha ukukhipha igama kungabiza kakhulu. Ukuqala kwesigaba sokuqala ngaphandle kwemali yokukhangisa noma yokwazisa ngemikhiqizo yabo kungaqhamuka namasu wokumaketha angajwayelekile ukuthola amakhasimende amasha ngobuningi. Lokhu kwaziwa njenge ukuqhuma ukukhula futhi ifake i-SEO, Ukuhlolwa kwe-A / B kanye Nokumaketha Okuqukethwe.
Uma ufuna ukuthi ibhulogi yakho ikhule, ungahle uthande ukufunda into noma ezimbili kusuka ku-hacker wokuqukethwe. Ukhathazeke kakhulu ngezimoto futhi akagxile kokunye ngaphandle kokukhula. Le infographic izokunikeza ukubuka ngaphakathi kwengqondo yabo yangaphakathi futhi ikusize ukuthi ube yi-hacker yakho yokuqukethwe.
Le infographic evela kubantu e CoSchedule, ikhalenda elihle kakhulu lokuhlela imithombo yezokuxhumana yeWordPress enezici eziningi. QAPHELA: I-infographics isu elihle lokugenca ukukhula!


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Ubuciko kanye Ezokuzijabulisa, Amahlaya
Biography of Maksima Galkina: indlela eya phezulu
Ngubani Maxim Galkin? Manje wonke umuntu kusuka impesheni ukuba abafundi abasebasha, ukuphendula lo mbuzo. Actor, sijwayeleke, nosomahlaya, umculi - zonke Maxim Galkin. Biography lokuzalwa ngonyaka izingcingo: Diva umyeni yesihlanu wazalwa ngo-June 18, 1976-dolobha.
Okuncane izimpande kanye ebuntwaneni
Maxim wazalwa ngo i, umndeni bokusungula ihlonishwe. Akumangazi, ngoba uyise wayengumGreki amabutho uLieutenant General armored ke wasebenza abasezikhundleni eziphezulu ku eMnyango Wezokuvikela, kwaba iphini Duma State. Talented guy unina owayenguFakazi abaphezulu ucwaningo nabo futhi -PhD. Kunengqondo ukuphetha ngokuthi Galkin umndeni ngaso sonke isikhathi sokuhamba ngenxa isahluko umsebenzi. Wayehlala iminyaka eminingi e-Germany, bese - e-Odessa. Kwaba kukhona ukuthi Maxim Galkin (biography ibikwe) esikoleni sabaqalayo. Umndeni waphila Transbaikalia. Kodwa-ke konke wabuyela enhloko-dolobha. Ngakho uthi biography of Maksima Galkina. Kusobala ukuthi ukudluliselwa ezinjalo ayikwazanga ibe nethonya phezu umphefumulo zokudala of Man.
Ukuphi amathalenta ezifana
Maksima Galkina biography lisitshela ukuthi esiteji ke Owokuqala waphuma emuva enkulisa. Umfana edlala indima inkukhu. Ngisho nangaleso sikhathi kwakunokwenzeka ukugubha ithalente lakhe undoubted. Eminyakeni esikoleni wonke ukusebenza abangu ehlotshiswe charm Maxim. Lowo wake kuphela kwaba khona enkundleni: Ostap Bender, Earl Nikulin, inja, noma indoda endala, wotshwala. Umfana nazo zonke lezi izindima ngokuthi "omuhle kakhulu". Futhi uma unabangane besimthanda abanye lokho wenza kuvezwa bese elingisa: wonke umuntu, abafundi basekilasini ziphethe uthishanhloko. Lokho kukhona kuphela yokuthi recital umfana zayo zokuqala esisichitha sitadisha ebangeni 6. Futhi eminyakeni engaba ngu-13, ngemuva kokubona ku ukusebenza ithelevishini Gennadiya Hazanova nge ukubayisigebengu we umongameli wokuqala wase-USSR waqaphela ukuthi akusizi sibi kakhulu. Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, Biography Maksima Galkina ukuthi njengoba ingane wayengafuni ukuba abe umculi.
Indlela eya stardom
Lapho wenza DEBUT yakhe phezu qophelo Maxim Galkin? Biography ibika ukuthi kwenzeka ngo-1994. MSU umfundi yaseshashalazini yaba indawo yezimpi Maxim aseqala njengoba parodist. Khona-ke wathatha ingxenye okwamanje kwelinye ukusebenza, kutilolonga posing nabezombusazwe. Khona-ke umsebenzi humorist sathandwa phezulu ngesivinini kakhulu. Wamenywa ukuba aye Theatre Estrada Borisom Brunovym. Bese mayelana nengxenye uhambo ngonyaka ne humorist abadumile Mihailom Zadornovym. Nguye ngokuthi Galkin ngumnikazi "owalandela".
Okulandelayo, a guy abanamakhono uthola okuningi imiklomelo kanye nemiklomelo at imikhosi ehlukahlukene. Kodwa kancane kancane waqala ukubambisana Ingxubevange Pugachevoy. Futhi manje, eqinisweni, asikho leso simiso ukuzijabulisa akuyona ngaphandle iqhaza layo. Futhi Maxim siyaqhubeka ngobuhlakani akhule kuze kube yilolu suku.
Biography of Maksima Galkina - sibonelo esigqamile indlela eyodwa kufanele afune bebodwa, ngeke esachitha ithalente lakhe futhi ukungasinaki nomona.
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Izingane kazisitholi isibonelelo sikahulumeni ngenxa yokuswela izitifiketi
TSEPO MOLEFE
SIVUKWA yisibibithwane uma sichaza ngosizi loku-khulisa ngemali yempe-sheni abazukulu abawu-5 abazalwa ngamadodana aso angasekho emhlabeni – esithi safuhlelwa ngabo ngonina banga-shiya ngisho izitifiketi zabo zokuzalwa, isalukazi saseNtembeni, phakathi koMgungundlovu
neRichmond.
UNkk Dumephi Msomi (71), uthi ubonga uNkulunkulu ngokuthi asekhona amandla okutotoba ayotheza ehlathini, athi kuyamsiza ukubeka ibhodwe eziko ngoba inyanda yezinkuni uyidayisela abantu ngo-R30 endaweni, ngoba imali yempesheni ithatha izinsu-ku eziwu-15 ikhona bese iyaphela.
Uthe okumkhathaza kakhulu wukuthi uma engadlula emhlabe-ni, akazi ukuthi lezi zingane ziyosala nobani.
“Ngibhekene nenkinga engingazi ukuthi iyoxazululwa ngubani ngoba kuyacaca ukuthi nosonhlalakahle esengiye emahhovisini abo KwaVulindlela, eMgungundlovu, bayahluleka. Lezi zingane zafika zincane, zingenazo nezitifiketi.
“Zashiywa ngonina ngoba bethi zingivakashele ukuchitha isizungu emuva kokushiywa emhlabeni ngamadodana ami amabili angoyi-se balezi zingane.
“Kwaba wukuhamba kwabo kaba-phindanga babuya bezolanda izi-ngane. Eyokuqala engumfana, ineminyaka ewu-21 ubudala, eyesibili inewu-13, eyesithathu inewu-12 bese kuba ngamawele wona aneyi-shumi. Zonke kazisiholi isibonelelo sikahulumeni, ziphila ngempe-sheni yami.
“Nasesikoleni zangena ngomusa wothishanhloko nezigungu zezi-kole ngoba kangizazi nezinsuku zokuzalwa kwazo. Inkinga esengi-nayo ngeyokwenzela lona oseneminyaka ewu-21 ubudala umazisi ngoba zima emthumeni eMnya-ngweni wezaseKhaya, kufunwa amaphepha aveza ukuthi uzalwa ngubani.
“Nasesikoleni wagcina ephaza-miseka ukuphasa uGrade 12 ngenxa yokungazi ukuthi uma ephasa, uzongena kanjani ezikhu-ngweni zemfundo ephakeme engenawo umazisi.
“Sekuphele iminyaka ewu-6 ngigqigqa kosonhlalakahle ngizama ukulungisela lezi zingane izitifiketi kodwa kakulungi lutho,” kusho uNkk Msomi.
Ubalisa nangokuthi indlu ahlala kuyona nabazukulu bakhe kayikho esimeni esihle. Uthe akakhelwa-nga indlu yomxhaso eyayakhiwa ngabeVulindlela Development Association (VDA).
“Ngasala ngedwa endaweni ngangakhelwa indlu, bonke omakhelwane banazo. Kwagcina kusele ukhonkolo (slab) wodwa, osekuphele iminyaka ewu-5 indlu ingabonwa.
“Kasikho nesizathu esiphatheka-yo engatshelwa sona ngokubhu-ntsha kwendlu naphezu kokuba kwathiwa isicelo sami saphumelela,” kusho uNkk Msomi.
UNkz Gqushu Ngcobo oyikha-nsela lakwa-ward 6 kuMasipala waseMsunduzi – lapho iNtembeni ikhona – uthembise ukungenelela ukuze kusizakale umzukulu kaNkk Msomi ngomazisi, kubhekwe nokuthi kwenzekani ngendlu yakhe egcine ingakhiwanga.
“Kwaba nobuhixihixi ngesikha-thi inkontileka eyayinikezwe umsebenzi wezindlu seyisemaphe-thelweni. Zikhona izikhalo esazi-thola zabantu abangakhelwanga izindlu okwasala izilebhu zodwa.
“Sizoxhumana naboMnyango wezokuHlaliswa kwaBantu KwaZulu-Natal, sizwe ukuthi ba-ngasihlangabeza kanjani ekuqede-leni lezi zindlu ezasala nezingafakiwe uphahla,” kusho uNkz Ngcobo.
UMnu Mbulelo Baloyi okhulu-mela uMnyango wezokuHlaliswa kwaBantu KwaZulu-Natal, uthe umnyango unalo ulwazi ngezindlu ezagcina zingakhiwanga KwaVuli-ndlela, ngakho uphezu kohlelo lokuziqedela.
“Sathola ukuthi ezinye izindlu kwaphambana izinombolo zazo kwase kuphazamiseka ukwakhiwa. Njengoba sesaphela isikhathi esasinikwe inkontileka eyayiza-kha, sekusele emnyangweni ukuqedela ezasala,” kusho yena.
Okhulumela uMnyango wezoku-Thuthukiswa koMphakathi KwaZulu-Natal, uMnu Mhlaba Memela, ucele ILANGA limdlulisele imininingwane yokuxhumana noNkk Msomi ukuze umnyango wabo uthumele osonhlalakahle ukubheka ukuthi zingasizakala kanjani izingane ukuthola izitifiketi.
“Sizoluphuthumisa udaba lukagogo ukuze ekugcineni izingane zibe nezitifiketi, zithole nesibone-lelo sazo. Sizoxhumana nosonhlalakahle besifunda abazohamba namaphoyisa ukuze kwenziwe izitatimende ukusiza lo mndeni,” kusho uMnu Memela.
www.ilanganews.co.za


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Izigaba
mayelanainkampani
I-Hebei Sunshow Group yasungulwa ngo-Septhemba 2013. Indlunkulu yenkampani itholakala esifundeni saseCongtai, eHandan City, esifundazweni sase-Hebei, eChina. Iqembu linezinhlangano ezifana neYongnian Factory, Jize Factory, Xingtai Factory, Yongnian Office, Xingtai Office, Handan Operation Center nezinye izinhlangano…
imikhiqizo
ithonyasikhethe
-
Okukhulu
-
Izinsiza kusebenza ezinkulu
-
Izidingo zokuthambisaUkumanziswa kwamagiya, ukuthwala, uhlelo lokunciphisa nohlelo lwe-hydraulic, ukuthambisa uhlaka olusebenzayo, shaft ehlangene yendawo yonke, idivaysi yokulinganisa, ukuhlangana, i-motor coiler, i-rolling roll bearing, njll ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, umthwalo osindayo, ingcindezi enkulu, i-antirust nokunye izidingo zokusebenza eziyinhloko.


text:
Izolo ngayizolo i-SVP yeSoftware Engineering, uCraig Federighi, usibonise ama-brushstrokes wezinto ezintsha kuzobonakala enguqulweni elandelayo ye-OS X. Ikakhulu, ibigxile kuzindlela ezintsha zokuphathwa kwewindi, ukusesha okubonakalayo kanye nokuthuthuka okuthile kokusebenza nge-Mac eyenziwe nge-"Metal" API. Kodwa-ke, kukhona okunye ukuthuthuka okungeziwe ku-OS X 10.11 okungazange kuxoxwe ngakho. kubalulekile ngombono wami.
Okubalulekile, le nguqulo entsha yohlelo izothuthukisa lokho okuvele kukhona ku-OS X Yosemite, okungukuthi, ngaphezu kwenguquko icabanga ukuvela kwezinto esaziyo futhi ngenxa yalokho ihlanganisa ukuthuthuka maqondana nalokho okukhona ngezinto ezintsha ezivelele, njengoba kwenzeka nge-iOS 9 kuqhathaniswa nohlobo 8, lapho izici eziningi zokuzinza nokuphepha zithuthukiswa ngaphezu kokungeza ezinye izici ezintsha. Ngaphandle kokuqhubeka kokunye, ake sibone lezo ukuthuthuka okuncane ku-OS X 10.11 lokho akubonanga ku-WWDC 2015.
Inkomba
Qalisa kabusha ikhophi lefayela
Esinye sezici ezimbi kunazo zonke esikhona ku-Finder yamanje ukukopishwa kwamafayela usuka kwenye indawo uye kwenye, okungukuthi, ekugcineni konke kugcina kuyikhophi ukuthi uma kwenzeka sinenkinga kwikhophi, kuzokhanselwa futhi kuzofanele siqale phansi. . Kuyafana futhi uma ukuxhumeka kudrayivu yokugcina kulahlekile noma uhlelo luye lulele phakathi kwekhophi.
Kodwa-ke manje ku-OS X El Capitan, ikhophi izogcinwa kunqolobane Njengoba iqhubeka ngakho uma sinalezi zinkinga uhlelo lungaqhubeka lapho lugcine khona esikhundleni sokuqala kusukela ekuqaleni, izindaba ezinhle impela.
Kopisha indlela yefayela / yefolda ku-Finder
Kungenzeka ukuthi kwesinye isikhathi udinga ukukopisha indlela yefayela noma ifolda ethile ku-Finder, kungaba ngoba udala iskripthi esithile noma udinga ukwazi ukuthi itholakala kuphi ngenxa yesinye isizathu, kuhle, kubonakala sengathi i-Apple isebenza kumenyu yomqondo ezokwenza le nketho ikwazi ukufinyelela ngokushesha imininingwane ngaphandle kokuyizungeza ize iyithole noma kufanele system ukuthola Lo msebenzi.
Disk Utility kabusha
Olunye lwezinhlelo eziyisisekelo kunoma iyiphi i-OS X bekulokhu kuyisetshenziswa sediski, noma kunjalo, le nsiza isivele ikhona ihlangabezane nemikhawulo ethile futhi i-Apple kuye kwadingeka ingeze izici ezintsha kusuka kusistimu yefayela le-OS X, okungukuthi, zombili ukubethela kanye nedrayivu enengqondo eyengeziwe evela ku-CoreStorage. Manje kufanele sibone insiza yediski entsha ngokuphelele, lokhu kufanele kusinike amathuluzi angcono okuphatha i-CoreStorage eshiwo ngenhla nokwenza ama-drive ethu.
Izandiso ezintsha
Nge-OS X Yosemite, i-Apple isebenzise i-interface interface evumela ukufinyelela kuzinsizakalo ezikhethekile ezinhlelweni ezingahambisani nazo. Manje ezinye izandiso zengezwa njengokuphathwa kwezixhumanisi ezabiwe, kanye nokwenzeka kokuhlelwa kwesithombe okusheshayo, izilungiselelo zombala nokuqhathanisa neminye imininingwane esheshayo ngaphambi kokuthumela noma ukulondoloza ingezwe kusandiso se-PDF esivele sikhona kumeyili.
Uma ungumsebenzisi ojwayelekile we-OS X uzokwazi ukuthi ngokuchofoza kufayela bese ucindezela u-Enter, kuzokuvumela ukuthi uhlele igama lalo noma ngokumane uchofoze igama lefayela kabili noma ubambe imizuzwana embalwa, thina ungakwenza futhi. Lokhu kubonakala sengathi ku-Apple akuyona enembile kakhulu ngakho izokwengeza inketho kumenyu yokuqukethwe njengenye inketho.
Uma ufaka isikrini esigcwele, i-OS X ifihla idokodo nebha yemenyu, noma kunjalo kudeskithophu noma ngenye indlela singenza okufanayo nge-Dock. Ku-OS X El Capitan futhi singafihla ibha yemenyu Yize kuthatha isikhala esincane, kuyisikhala esingeziwe esingasizakala ngaso.
I-AutoComplete Ethuthukisiwe
Lo msebenzi usetshenziswa kakhulu ngabasebenzisi abaningi kepha kunezikhathi lapho wenza khona amaphutha noma ungafaki lonke ulwazi esingalugcina futhi ngenxa yalesi sizathu ludinga ukuthi silungise amafomu ngaphambi kokuwathumela. Yize i-Apple ingakangeni ngokuningiliziwe ngalesi sici, kodwa kulindeleke ukuthi kusetshenziswe isheke eliphindwe kabili. Kodwa-ke, kuhle ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthatha isikhathi ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi yonke into ilungile, noma ngabe i-OS X ithola kanjani.
Isikhi sombala esisha
Ngokukhetha imibala yamafonti, ubujamo neminye imininingwane ku-OS X, uthola iphaneli elintantayo elincane eliqukethe imibala eminingana esethiwe noma inhlanganisela yokulungisa umbala owufunayo. Yize ilusizo, ngeshwa lesi sikhombimsebenzisi esibhalwe idethi esingahambisani kahle nama-tweaks esibuko sesimanjemanje se-OS X. Manje e-El Capitan, sizoba isikhi sombala esisha okulindelwe kufanele kunikeze izinketho ezifanayo, kepha ngesibonisi esenziwe lula futhi mhlawumbe esisebenziseka kangcono.


text:
Imithombo yezokuxhumana ibinethembiso elimangazayo njengendlela yokukhuthaza ubudlelwano phakathi kwekhasimende noma iklayenti nebhizinisi elihlinzeka ngemikhiqizo noma insizakalo. Izinkampani eziningi zigxumele khona manjalo ebhodini kodwa i-ROI ibilukhuni njengoba ibingavamisile ukuphela kwimali engenayo esheshayo noma eqondile.
Ngaphambi kokuthi usethe uhlelo lwakho lomphakathi lube yimpumelelo, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi yimiphi imisebenzi eshayela i-ROI kwezenhlalo. Ngabe ukumaketha kokuqukethwe, ukuqonda komphakathi, noma imizamo yokukhuthaza nokugcina okufana nokuhlinzekwa kwamakhasimende omphakathi? I-Salesforce ihlangene ne-Altimeter ku shicilela isifundo esigxile kulesi sihloko, i-ROI yokuphathwa kwemithombo yezokuxhumana.
Okutholakele ocwaningweni kubonisa ukuthi kunembuyiselo ekutshalweni kwemali emizamweni yezokuxhumana, kepha kusungulwa ngokusebenza kahle nangokuvuthwa. Ukusebenza kahle kuyadingeka ngoba ukusungula isu lezokuxhumana kudinga ukuhlanganiswa nokwenza okuzenzakalelayo ukuhlela, ukuphatha, ukuqapha nokuphendula imicimbi yezokuxhumana.
Ukuvuthwa kuyadingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi kukhona inqubo ephethwe yokwengeza ukuzibandakanya nabezindaba zakho zenhlalo okulandelayo futhi ulinganise ngokunembile umthelela wakho. Eqinisweni, i-ROI yemithombo yezokuxhumana, njengoba ilinganiswa yinkampani inani lokukhuthaza inani, iphindwe kabili ngokuvuthwa.
Bheka infographic yabo, I-ROI Yokuphathwa Kwemidiya Yezenhlalo, Ukuqonda ukuthi yimaphi amaqhinga omphakathi aqhuba i-ROI yomphakathi nokuthi yikuphi ukusebenza okudingayo endaweni yokuxhumana ukuze uphumelele.


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Ngifisa kesithi janti engozini ka reverse. Umbuzo uthi yini ingozi ka reverse? Ivame ukwenzeka kuphi, nini futhi?
Izimpendulo
Loluhlobo lwengozi luvame ukwenzeka ngezimpelasonto.
Loluhlobo lwengozi luvame ukwenzeka egcekeni/eyadini ngemigqibelo noma ngamasonto.
Luvame ukwenzeka kanje. Uya emcimbini umoya wakho ugcwele injabulo,ulungisela ukuphuma ekhaya ,imoto iyaduma, umculo emotweni uthe ukuba phezulu kunokwejwayelekile, ngesikhathi uyongena emotweni, ukhohlwe indaba ye K53 (ukuzungeza imoto ubheke nangaphansi kwayo) kanti u boy/girl ukucashele esondweni elingemuva ngenhloso yokudlala nawe, wena ungene uvale izicabha ufake eliya emuva ugibele phezu kwengane ishone, ngisho kukhona omemezayo kubenzima ukumuzwa ngenxa yomsindo we radio ophezulu. Lapho siyabondwa siyekwe kubekwe iphini ngaphezulu. Lapho angeke uphinde ukuthole ukuphumula.
Sixoxele nawe ngohlobo lwalengozi olwake lwenzeka ngakini.


text:
Khetha izwe lakho noma isifunda.
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- 297
incazelo
- NKK Ishintsha imiklamo, ikhiqiza futhi ithengise ukhetho olubanzi kakhulu lwemboni lwamashintshi e-electromechanical ukubeka izinga eliphakeme lekhwalithi, ukuzinza, nokuthembeka kumakhambi okushintsha. I-NKK inikeza izixazululo ezigcwele zezixazululo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ezibandakanya ukuklama, izinhlelo, nokusekelwa okwenziwe nge-value added ngokuhlanganisa ukuguquguquka, ubuchwepheshe, nokuzibophezela ekuphumeleleni kozakwethu.
Ukushintshwa kwe-NKK kuvula izigidi zemikhiqizo emhlabeni jikelele nsuku zonke ngokunikela ngaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-3.5 eziguquguqukayo ezihlukile, i-rocker, i-pushbutton, islayidi, ukushintshwa kokukhiya ukukhiya ukuze kukhanyiswe, kusetshenzwe isitifiketi, imfashini, ubuchwepheshe, ukuphakama kwendawo kanye namadivayisi wokushintsha. I-NKK inezinkulungwane zamamodeli we-3D CAD okulungisekayo atholakalayo atholakalayo ngokushesha mahhala. Nge-keystroke eyodwa, onjiniyela bangalanda amamodeli aqondene nenombolo ngqo kusuka kumakhasi omkhiqizo wewebhu weMicro-Semiconductor.com. Qala-qala imiklamo yakho namhlanje!


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Ukuqapha okungenantambo kwe-Wi-Fi
Izinzwa ezingenantambo ze-RLE ze-RLE ne-Wi-Fi zihlola izimo kunoma iyiphi indawo ebucayi
Izinzwa ze-WLE ezingenantambo ne-Wi-Fi ze-RLE kwakuyizona zithengisi ezinkulu zenkampani ku-Q2 2020. Izikhungo ezibucayi zemishini emhlabeni wonke zithembele ekuguquguqukeni kwe-WiNG, ukwethembeka, kanye nokusetha okulula ukuvikela izimpahla zabo ezibucayi. I-WIFI-TH iletha idatha yokushisa nomswakama ngamanethiwekhi akhona e-Wi-Fi futhi isekela ukubethela kwe-WPA ne-WPA2-PSK. Yize i-WiNG-MGR ingase ibe yodwa yokwaziswa kwe-alamu nokuthrendela, ingahlanganisa nebhizinisi i-DCIM noma i-BMS isebenzisa i-BACnet, i-MODbus, noma i-SNMP.
I-WiNG-MGR inolayini wama-900 MHz nama-868 MHz RF sensors kanye nama-transmitter wokuqapha izimo ezifana nokwehluka komoya, i-velocity yomoya, ukutholwa kokuvuza, okokufaka kwe-analog sensor (0 VDC kuya ku-5 VDC, 0 VDC kuya ku-10 VDC, kanye ne-4 mA kuya kuma-20 mA), okokufaka kwedijithali, i-10k2 thermistor, kanye nokufakwa kwe-RDT 1,000 Ω platinum kanye nokushisa nomswakama. I-wireless ye-RLE ye-RNG inebanga elihlukile kanye nempilo yebhethri engafika eminyakeni eyi-12 ukusiza ekuvikeleni okuqhubekayo nasekubukekeni kwezindawo ngezixazululo zaphakade noma zesikhashana zokuqapha.
I-wireless ye-WiNG isatshalaliswe ezindaweni ezinjengezindawo zokugcina imininingwane, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, izikole, amanyuvesi, izitshalo zezimboni, izakhiwo zezentengiselwano, izindawo zokugcina izimpahla, kanye nendawo yokugcina eshisayo / ebandayo / emanzi / eyomile / engcolile / ehlanzekile. I-WiNG-MGR (isango) neWiNG-RXT (i-range extender) ingadlulisa idatha ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-1 000 ukusuka emgqeni wokubona usebenzisa i-900 MHz / 868 MHz RF yokudluliselwa komsakazo. I-WiNG-TH namanye ama-sensors / transmitters we-WiNG axhumana kuze kube ngamamitha angu-600 ukusuka kwi-WiNG-MGR noma i-WiNG-RXT ngezinga lempumelelo lokulethwa kwephakethe lika-98% njalo ngemizuzwana eyi-10 kuye kwengu-20. I-WIFI-TH ihlelelwe ukulethwa kwedatha yesikhawu kusuka kumzuzu owodwa kuya kwengu-30. Impilo yebhethri yeminyaka engu-7 kungalindelwa ngezikhathi zokudlulisa zemizuzu emi-5 nempilo yebhethri ende yezikhala ezingabucayi kakhulu lapho ukwamukelwa kwedatha yeminithi elingu-10 + kwamukelekile.
Izindawo ze-IoT ne-Edge ezidinga idatha edidiyelwe ukuletha ukwenziwa kwe-BAS ne-IAQ kuqhuba isidingo sobuchwepheshe obungenantambo obungenantambo. I-RLE Technologies itholakala e-Fort Collins, CO futhi iyaziqhenya ngokwenza cishe yonke imikhiqizo e-USA.
Izici
- I-WiNG 900 MHz / 868 MHz impilo yebhethri ye-RF kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-12
- Ukuphila kwebhethri kwe-WIFI-TH kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-7 ngezikhathi zemizuzu emi-5
- Ama-transmitter e-WiNG axhumana kuze kufike ku-600 ft endlini ngqo ngqo
- I-WiNG-RXT ixhumana kuze kufike ku-1,000 ft ngqo-ukubona ngqo kwi-WiNG-MGR
- Ukunemba kokuhanjiswa kwephakethe okungu-98%
- I-compact footprint enezinketho ezijwayelekile zokufaka
- I-WiNG-T ne-WiNG-TH zifaka uzibuthe wokufaka okusheshayo nokulula
- Ihlanganisa i-BACnet, i-MODbus, ne-SNMP
- Ama-alamu namathrendi aphethwe kusixhumi esibonakalayo somsebenzisi sewebhu sesango elinikwe amandla le-IP (i-WiNG-MGR)
- Awekho amalayisense esoftware
Izicelo
- Ithempelesha, umswakama, nendawo yamazolo kubasunguli be-datacenters nasemakamelweni ezincingo we-MDF / IDF (WIFI-TH ne-WiNG-T / TH)
- I-WIFI ne-WING lokushisa nokuhlanganiswa komswakama ukwenza ngcono ukusebenza kwe-BAS futhi kunike amandla izidingo ze-IAQ nokubika kokuhambisana
- Ukutholwa kokuvuza ezindaweni ezibucayi zemishini kufaka phakathi zonke izinhlobo zokwakha (i-WiNG-LD)
- Linganisa ingcindezi yomoya ohlukile ezikhungweni zedatha, ezikoleni, ezentengiselweni, nasekunakekelweni kwezempilo ukuze unike amandla izidingo ze-IAQ (i-WiNG-DAP)
- Linganisa isivinini somoya ngokuvamile ngaphansi kwamaphansi aphakanyisiwe (i-WiNG-AIR)
- Linganisa ukumelana nokufakwa kwe-10k2 thermistor kokuqapha kwefriji / efrijini, ukunikezwa kwamanzi ashisayo / abandayo, nokubuyisa amazinga okushisa ngenzwa yebhande lepayipi, amapayipi we-duct ahlanganiswe ne-BAS yokwenza uhlelo lusebenze kahle (i-WiNG-THRM)
- Linganisa ukumelana kusuka ku-1,000 Ω platinum RTD inzwa yokuqapha efrijini / efrijini, ukunikezwa kwamanzi ashisayo / abandayo, nokubuyisa amazinga okushisa ngenzwa yebhande lepayipi, amapayipi we-duct ahlanganiswe nokwenza kahle kwe-BAS (i-WiNG-RTD)
- Ukuqapha ukuvalwa kokuxhumana kanye nama-alamu afana nama-alamu entuthu, ukutholwa kwegesi ye-hydrogen / methane, oxhumana nabo emnyango, ama-alamu wemishini yokulungisa, nokuningi (i-WiNG-DI)
- Xhuma okukhiphayo (0 VDC kuya ku-5 VDC, 0 VDC kuya ku-10 VDC, noma i-4 mA kuye kuma-20 mA) kusuka ku-3rd inzwa yephathi futhi idlulise lelo nani njalo kumasekhondi ayi-10 kuye kwangama-20 (i-WiNG-ANLG)
Ukuqapha okungenantambo kwe-Wi-Fi


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iTehran, Nov 23 (EFE). - I-European Union (EU) izimisele ngokuzibophezela ekuhwebeni ne-Iran futhi inzalo yezinkampani ayinakuphika, kodwa uhambo lokuhweba Izwe lasePheresiya lisaqhubeka nezinyawo zokuhola.
Oxhumana nabo babuyiselwe ngemuva kokusayina kwesivumelwano senyukliya ngo-2015 phakathi kwe-Iran namandla ayisithupha amakhulu, lapho ukudluliswa kuqalile imisebenzi eqhubekayo yokuhweba ukuhlola amathuba ebhizinisi wezwe eliboshiwe iminyaka yi-embargo international.
Eminyakeni emibili kamuva, izithunywa zilandela ukuza ezweni kanye nezinye izinkampani ziye zasungula futhi zasayina imemoranda yokuqonda noma izinkontileka, kodwa ngokuqapha, ikakhulukazi labo abanamabhizinisi ase-US.
Marina U-Villén
Izinsolo zivukile kusukela umongameli we-US, uDonald Trump, esongela kancane kancane inyanga eyedlule ukushiya isivumelwano se nyukliya uma kungashintshi futhi ucele iCongress ukuthi inqume ukuthi izobeka yini izigwebo eziphakanyisiwe.
Nokho, i-EU inikezele ukusekela kwayo ngokuqinile kwesivumelwano futhi abaholi bayo abaningi baye bavakashela ngoNovemba Iran, kuhlanganise unobhala-jikelele we-Community inkonzo zamanxusa, Helga Schmid, kanye uKhomishane waseYurophu u imiNyango yezoLimo eziFundazweni, Phil Hogan.
Schmid ngokuthi ngokubambisana okukhulu kanye I-Iran, futhi ngamandla e-nyukliya, noHogan "ngokujwayelekile ubudlelwane bezohwebo ne-Iran."
"Sifuna ukwenza ibhizinisi ne-Iran," kusho uKhomishana, owahola umkhankaso wezinga eliphakeme elinamabhizinisi angaphezu kuka-40 aseYurophu, futhi wembula ukuthi ukuhwebelana kwamanye amazwe kwafika ngonyaka wezigidi ezingu-10 000 zama euro.
Nokho, izinkampani zaseYurophu ziyesaba ukuhlawuliswa yizigwegwe zase-US eziqhubekayo zisebenza, naphezu kokusayina kwesivumelwane senuzi, noma yizo ezishaywa iWashington noma izinhlelo zokubamba.
"Ubunzima" noma ukuhoxiswa ekugcineni US inhlanganiso yenuzi "okuthile siyakucela uhlela ngaso sonke isikhathi," kusho uJoan Mir Piqueras, umqondisi-jikelele we-Spanish inkampani izithelo nemifino Anecoop, owayehamba nalo uKhomishane waseYurophu u-Iran.
"Yiqiniso kwesatshwa, kodwa kuze kube manje akukho ukuziphindiselela US. Ngaphezu kwalokho, senza ukhuluma unswinyo yezinto kanye manje konke ukusekelwa kwe-EU sizizwa siphephile, "utshele u-Efe.
Piqueras, njengabanye abashishini bebhizinisi, bahlolisise ngokuthi" ukuzibophezela okuqinile nokuqinile kwe-EU ", okulindelwe ukuvikela izinkampani zakho uma ngabe i-US ithatha izinyathelo ezinkulu.
Okwamanje, i-White House isiqinisekisile ukuthi ayihlose ukuvimba ukuhwebelana phakathi kwe-EU ne-Iran, nakuba waxwayisa ngokungenzi ibhizinisi nezinkampani ezixhunywe ne-Guardians of the Revolution, ezitholakala kakhulu emnothweni wase-Iranian kodwa zivunyelwe yi-US ngokuba "ukusekela kwabo ubuphekula. "
Ngokusho kwezindaba zase-Iranian, kuleli sonto uMgcinimafa wase-United States ubeke izigwegwe ezinkampanini ezimbili zase-Iranian ngenxa yezixhumanisi zokusolakala ukuthi zihlobene ne-Guardians, ngokuhamba okuhlanganisa amafemu amabili aseJalimane.
Izinkampani eziningi zaseYurophu ziyamesaba ukutshala izimali e-Iran ngenxa yalezi zigwebo zase-United States, nakuba eziningana ezinkulu, njenge-Airbus, Total kanye Siemens, sezivele zisayine izivumelwano zemali.
Isivumelwane seSonke, ingxenye yenhlangano ezofaka imali engaphezu kwezingu-4,200 million zama euro emkhakheni wegesi waseNingizimu South, ihlala emoyeni, njengoba inkampani French uwoyela ikhombisile ukuthi ngeke ubukeza ekushintsheni unswinyo umbuso.
Ngokusho umelele inkampani European based e-Iran, ukhethe ukungaziwa, izinkampani eziningi ziza "iphrofayili ephansi", ngaphandle kokukhangisa imisebenzi yakhe noma ukuhamba kwakhe ezweni lasePheresiya.
Kukhona isifiso "sokubheja ngaphezulu" emakethe ye-Iranian kodwa "ukungaqiniseki" kuyaqhubeka, kuchaza lo mthombo ku-Efe, okwakhulume ukwanda kwezingxoxo zokuhweba kodwa izimboni ezimbalwa ezibalulekile noma izimali ezinkulu.
Okuyinhloko izinkinga ukuxhasa ngemali yamaphrojekthi, njengoba uhulumeni wase-Iranian enganikezi iziqiniseko ezibusayo, kanye nokwehluleka kwamabhange amakhulu aseYurophu ukungena ebuhlotsheni I-Iran yezigwegwe zase-US.
Amazwe aseYurophu athunyelwa e-Iran afaka izingcezu zemishini, imishini yokuthutha nemikhiqizo yezokwelapha, phakathi kwabanye, ngenkathi umkhakha Ama-hydrocarboni anezinto eziningi ezingenzeka.
Noma kunjalo, ukuzinza nokubaluleka kokwenza ibhizinisi e-US kuyaqhubeka nokukala okuningi futhi, njengoba iSekela likaNgqongqoshe we-Iranian Foreign, Abás Araqchí, "ayikho izwe laseYurophu elizolahlekelwa imakethe yase-US ngenxa yesimo sayo emakethe yase-Iranian".


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Uzibona ezoba wusizo kwiBafana
MFANAFUTHI NDLOVU
UFUNA ukusebenzisa isipiliyoni asithole phe-sheya kwezilwandle nakwiKaizer Chiefs ukusiza iBafana Bafana ingene kwiNdebe yoMhlaba uKeagan Dolly (osesithombeni) oshaya ibuya kuleli qembu.
IBafana izogadulisana neZimbabwe kowokuhlungela iNdebe yoMhlaba namuhla ngoLwesine ngo-21h00, eFNB Stadium, eSoweto.
UDolly kulindeleke enze kahle kwiBafana njengoba esefomini emangalisayo kwiChiefs.
Usanda kuba sematheni eshaya amagoli amabili iChiefs yehlula ngo-2-1 omkhaya i-Orlando Pirates koweligi ngeledlule eFNB Stadium.
Lo mdlali ongowudabuka e-Eldorado Park, eGoli uthi uzizwa ejabule kakhulu ukuphinde abe yingxenye yeBafana.
“Selokhu kuqale isizini sengi-kwazile ukushaya amagoli amane, lokhu kukhombisa ukukhula ebholeni lami.
“Kodwa njengoba ngikwiBafana nje, inhloso wukusebenzisa isipiliyoni engisizuzile ukusiza leli qembu lingene emidlalweni yeNdebe yoMhlaba.
“Kuhle kakhulu ukushaya amagoli ngoba kunyusa nokuzithemba kumdlali nakakhulu ukuwashaya emdlalweni engangifisa kakhulu ukuba yingxenye yawo womkhaya.
“Kuningi engikuzuzayo njengoba ngidlala kwiChiefs kwazise abaqeqeshi engibaficile besazana nabo kuyona iBafana Bafana nokwenza isimo sibe lula.
“Ngiwumqemane, ngiqatha ngokwanele ngingamelana naso sonke isimo engibhekene naso,” kusho uDolly.
Uthi umqeqeshi weBafana uHugo Broos ubembizile emdlalweni wesihle ne-Uganda ngebhadi unkosikazi wakhe wayekade eyobeletha wasamukela lesi sizathu lo mqeqeshi.
Uthi lesi senzo siqinise kakhulu ubudlelwano bakhe nomqeqeshi.
“ Ngikholwa wukuthi lobu bu-dlelwano buzoqhubeka bubenomthelela omuhle kwiBafana Bafana singene kwiNdebe yoMhlaba. Ngizimisele ngokwenza kahle noma ngabe ungidlalisa kuyiphi indawo,” kusho uDolly.
UBenjamin “Benjani” Mwa-ruwari (43) oke waba yibamba lephini kuma-Urban Warriors ngaphambi kokunikwa kukaNorman Mapeza lo msebenzi uthi iBafana ibhekene nomqansa futhi kakufanele iyithathe kancane iZimbabwe kwazise ayi-lweli lutho kulo mdlalo.
Uthi abadlali beZimbabwe abasebancane bazolwela ukuzibeka emlandweni wokuthi ba-shaye iBafana. Uthi baningi abadlali babo abangeke babe yingxenye yalo mdlalo ngenxa yokulimala nezinye izizathu.


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Iphrofayela Yenkampani
I-Shenzhen Feimoshi Technology Co., Ltd. itholakala eLonggang, eShenzhen.Sesibe semakethe ye-carbon fibre iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi.Ngalesi sikhathi, siqoqe ulwazi olucebile ekukhiqizeni i-carbon fiber.Asikwazi nje ukuhlinzeka amakhasimende ngamashidi e-carbon fibre namashubhu e-carbon fibre, kodwa singakwazi futhi ukwenza ngokwezifiso izesekeli ze-carbon fibre ezimise okukhethekile ngokwemidwebo yamakhasimende, njenge-Carbon fibre canopy, ifenisha ye-carbon fibre, izinsimbi zomculo ze-carbon fibre nezinsimbi ze-RC, njll. .
Ibhodi le-Carbon fiber lenziwe ngendwangu ye-carbon fiber kanye ne-resin ngokusebenzisa izinga lokushisa eliphezulu nokucindezela okukhulu.Singakhiqiza amabhodi e-carbon fiber anobubanzi obuyi-1000mm nobude obungenamkhawulo.Okwamanje, singanikeza amamodeli amakhulu enziwe ngezifiso ngokusika kwe-CNC kuya ku-1000mm(ububanzi) × 3000mm(Ubude), namabhodi enziwe ngokwezifiso anobukhulu obuhlukahlukene.
Futhi kuyinzuzo yethu, njenge-8.0mm, 10.0mm, 15.0mm, 20.0mm, njll., ehlinzeka ngamathuba ahlukahlukene okufezeka kumakhasimende anemibono yokudala.Amashubhu enziwe nge-carbon fibre enziwa abe izitayela ezahlukene zamashubhu asongwe ngesikhunta, njengamashubhu ayindilinga, amashubhu anonxantathu, amashubhu ayisikwele, njalonjalo.Imikhiqizo ye-Carbon fiber ingasetshenziswa ezimbonini ezahlukene ezifana ne-drones, imithi, imboni, nezimoto.Njengoba i-carbon fiber isetshenziswa kakhulu ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke, abantu abaningi banolwazi olwengeziwe mayelana ne-carbon fiber, ukunamathela esisindweni sayo sokukhanya nokuqina okwanele, abantu abaningi bakhetha lolu hlobo lwezinto ezintsha ukuze basebenzise emikhakheni ehlukahlukene.Besilokhu siphikelela ekunikezeni amakhasimende ngemikhiqizo yekhwalithi ephezulu, ukwesekwa kobuchwepheshe obuchwepheshile kanye nethimba lesevisi yangemuva kokuthengisa.


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IKHALENDA LENTELA
Leli khalenda lakhelwe ukuhlinzeka umhlahlandlela kubakhokhintela ngezinsuku ezingumnqamulajuqu zezigaba ezibalulekile kubakhokhintela.
Kubantu ngabodwana
- Umzuliswano Wentela – Isigaba Sentela sabantu ngabodwana sivame ukuqala kusukela ngoNtulikazi kuze kube ngoLwezi (kubakhokhintela abomelele), kuthi abakhokhintela besithutshana bazoba nesikhathi kuze kuphele uMasingana ukuba bafake okwabo nge-eFiling. Uma ukhohlwe igamamfihlo vakashela ikhasi lethu bese ushayela i-call centre yethu ukuze ufake elisha kalula nje.
- Intela Yesithutshana- Ukulethwa nokukhokhelwa kwentela yesithutshana yabantu (i-IRP6) kungo-31 kuNcwaba (Isithuba sokuqala), 28 kuNhlolanja (Isithuba sesibili) kanye no 30 kuMandulo (isithuba sesithathu)
Kubaqashi (i-PAYE)
Wonke amabhizinisi okudingeka ukuba azibhalisele i-PAYE, kumele alandele lolu hlaka olungezansi
- Nyanga zonke – i-EMP201 kumele ilethwe nyanga zonke –Ungakashayi umhla ka-7 wenyenga elandelayo kumbe uLwesihlanu lwangalelo langa uma umhla ka-7 ungena kwimpelasonto noma eholidini.
- Isithutshana (ngesikhathi sika1 kuNdasa kuya ku 31 kuNcwaba) – NgoMzuliswano Wokuthela wabaqashi beSikhashana lapho kulinganiswa i-EMP501 kusuka zingu-1 kuMandulo kuya ku-31 kuMfumfu
- Unyaka (ngesikhathi sika-1 kuNdasa kuya ku-28 kuNhlolanja) – Umzuliswano Wentela wonyaka wabaQashi usuka zingu-1 kuMbasa kuya ku-31 kuNhlaba.
Izinkampani
- Umzuliswano Wentela – Izinkampani, kuhlanganisa nezingama CC, Imifelandawonye, ama-Body Corporates, kudingekile ukuba alethe Imbuyiselo yengeniso: Izinkampnani neMifelandawonye (IT14) ezinyangeni ezili-12 kusukela ngosuku lokuphela konyaka wabo wezezimbali.
- Intela Yesithutshana – Ukufayela nokukhokha okwenziwa yizinkampani kwentela yesithutshana (i-IRP6) kuyizinyanga eziyi-6 ngemva kokuphela konyaka (Isikhathi sokuqala), Uma sekuphela unyaka wezimali (isikhathi sesibili) bese kuba yizinyanga eziyisithupha Ngemva kokuphela konyaka wezimali (isikhathi sesithathu)
Abadayisi
i-VAT (Intelantengo)
- Ngokuzenzela – ukulethwa nokukhokhelwa kwe-VAT201 kumele kwenziwe ngomhla wama-25 enyangeni. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuba umdayisi ngamunya kungenzeka abe sesiyingini esihlukile se-VAT.
- Nge-inthanethi (eFiling) –ukuletha nokukhokhela i-VAT201 kufanele kwenziwe ngosuku lokugcina lokuhweba ngenyanga
Amabhizinisi amancane
Amabhizinisi amancane angena ngaphansi kwesinye salezi zigaba (CC, Imifelandawonye) kufanele alandele loluhlaka olubaluliwe
- Intela Yomthamo Wenzuzo
Amabhizinisi amancane abhaliselwe Intela Yomthamo Wenzuzo kufanele alandele uhlaka olungezansi: Intela Yomthamo Wenzuzo izothelwa minyaka yonke onyakeni wokubuyekezwa oqala ekuqaleni kukaNdasa womunye unyaka kuya kuNhlolanja wonyaka olandelayo. Uzofaka phakathi nezinkokhelo zangenyanga-sithupha (zesikhashana). Sicela Uqaphele *Sicela uqaphele ukuthi uma usuku oluhlonziwe luba ngeholidi lomphakathi kumbe ngempelasonto, usuku oyokufeza ngalo lo mgomo kuyokuba lusuku lokugcina lokuhweba ngaphambi kwalolo suku olubekiwe.


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Chhatrapati Shivaji maharaj
UShivaji Bhonsale I (iphimbo lesiMarathi: c.19 February 1630 - 3 April 1680), obuye abizwe ngoChhatrapati Shivaji, wayengumbusi waseNdiya futhi eyilungu lomndeni wakwaBhonsle Maratha. U-Shivaji waqopha i-enclave kusukela ku-Adilshahi sultanate eyanciphayo yase-Bijapur eyakha i-genesis yoMbuso WaseMaratha. Ngo-1674, wathweswa umqhele ngokusemthethweni iChhatrapati yombuso wakhe eRaigad.
Phakathi nempilo yakhe, uShivaji wahlanganyela kukho kokubili imifelandawonye kanye nobutha noMbuso WaseMughal, iSultanate yaseGolkonda, iSultanate yaseBijapur kanye namandla angamakoloni aseYurophu. Amabutho ezempi kaShivaji andisa umkhakha wethonya laseMaratha, athumba futhi akha izinqaba, futhi enza ibutho lasolwandle laseMaratha. U-Shivaji usungule umthetho womphakathi onekhono futhi oqhubekayo onezinhlangano zokuphatha ezakhiwe kahle. Wavuselela amasiko ezepolitiki amaHindu asendulo, izingqungquthela zasenkantolo futhi wakhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwezilimi zesiMarathi nesiSanskrit, wafaka isiPheresiya enkantolo nokuphatha.
Ifa likaShivaji lalizohlukahluka ngombuki nesikhathi, kodwa cishe emakhulwini amabili eminyaka ngemva kokufa kwakhe, waqala ukuthatha ukubaluleka okwengeziwe ngokuvela kwenhlangano yenkululeko yamaNdiya, njengoba abaningi bezwe baseNdiya bamphakamisa njenge-proto-nationalist kanye neqhawe lamaHindu. .
Isiqalo sokuphila[hlela | Hlela umthombo]
UShivaji wazalelwa egqumeni laseShivneri, eduze nedolobha laseJunnar, manje osesifundeni sasePune. Izazi azivumelani ngosuku lwakhe lokuzalwa. Uhulumeni waseMaharashtra ubala umhlaka-19 Febhuwari njengeholide lokukhumbula ukuzalwa kukaShivaji (Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Jayanti). UShivaji wethiwa ngonkulunkulu wendawo, unkulunkulukazi uShivai.[18] Ubaba kaShivaji uShahaji Bhonsle wayengujenene waseMaratha owayesebenzela amaDeccan Sultanates. Umama wakhe kwakunguJijabai, indodakazi kaLakhuji Jadhavrao waseSindhkhed, isareda esiqondaniswe noMughal othi singowozalo lomndeni wasebukhosini waseYadav waseDevagiri.
UShivaji wayengowomndeni wakwaMaratha wakwaBhonsle. Umkhulu wakhe onguyise uMaloji (1552-1597) wayengujenene onethonya we-Ahmadnagar Sultanate, futhi waklonyeliswa ngendondo ethi "Raja". Wanikezwa amalungelo e-deshmukhi ePune, Supe, Chakan kanye ne-Indapur ngezindleko zempi. Waphinde wanikwa iFort Shivneri ukuze kuhlalwe kuyo umndeni wakhe (c. 1590).
Ngesikhathi sokuzalwa kuka-Shivaji, amandla e-Deccan ahlanganyelwa izinduna ezintathu zamaSulumane: i-Bijapur, i-Ahmednagar, ne-Golkonda. U-Shahaji wayevame ukushintsha ukwethembeka kwakhe phakathi kwe-Nizamshahi yase-Ahmadnagar, i-Adilshah yase-Bijapur kanye ne-Mughals, kodwa wayehlale egcina i-jagir (fiefdom) yakhe ePune nebutho lakhe elincane.
Ukufa nokulandelana[hlela | Hlela umthombo]
Umbuzo wokuthi indlalifa kaShivaji wawuyinkimbinkimbi. UShivaji wavalela indodana yakhe ePanhala ngo-1678, kwathi inkosana yabaleka nonkosikazi wayo futhi yaba nephutha kumaMughals unyaka. USambhaji wabe esebuyela ekhaya, engaphenduki, futhi waphinde wavalelwa ePanhala.
UShivaji ushone cishe zi-3-5 ku-Ephreli 1680 eneminyaka engama-50, ngobusuku bangaphambi kukaHanuman Jayanti. Imbangela yokushona kukaShivaji iyaphikiswa. Amarekhodi aseBrithani athi uShivaji wabulawa yi-blood flux egula izinsuku eziyi-12. Encwadini yangaleso sikhathi yesiPutukezi, i-Biblioteca Nacional de Lisboa, imbangela eqoshiwe yokufa kukaShivaji i-anthrax. Kodwa-ke, uKrishnaji Anant Sabhasad, umbhali weSabhasad Bakhar, umlando weShivaji ukhulume umkhuhlane njengembangela yokufa kukaChhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Archived 2022-02-19 at the Wayback Machine.. UPutalabai, omdala ongenabantwana kumakhosikazi aseShivaji ayesaphila wenza i-sati ngokugxumela endaweni yakhe yomngcwabo. Omunye umngane womshado owayesaphila, uSakwarbai, akazange avunyelwe ukulingisa ngoba wayenendodakazi encane. Kwakukhona nezinsolo, nakuba izazi zakamuva zangabaza, ukuthi umkakhe wesibili uSoyarabai wayemdlise ushevu ukuze abeke indodana yakhe eneminyaka engu-10 ubudala uRajaram esihlalweni sobukhosi.
Ngemva kokushona kukaShivaji, uSoyarabai wenza izinhlelo nongqongqoshe abahlukahlukene bokuphatha ukuthwesa indodana yakhe uRajaram umqhele esikhundleni sendodana yakhe yokutholwa uSambhaji. Ngomhla zingama-21 kuMbasa 1680, uRajaram oneminyaka eyishumi wabekwa esihlalweni sobukhosi. Kodwa-ke, uSambhaji wathatha iRaigad Fort ngemva kokubulala umkhuzi, kwathi ngoJuni 18 wathola ukulawula uRaigad, wathatha isihlalo sobukhosi ngokusemthethweni zingama-20 kuJulayi. URajaram, unkosikazi wakhe uJanki Bai, kanye nomama uSoyrabai baboshwa, kwathi uSoyrabai wabulawa ngamacala okwakha uzungu ngo-Okthoba.


text:
Ingabe amadivayisi wezokwelapha e-Class 1 angasetshenziselwa izinhloso zokunakekelwa kwezempilo kepha akufanele asetshenziswe ezimweni zokuhlinzwa noma ezinobungozi obukhulu, noma ezimeni ezinobungozi obukhulu lapho uthintana noketshezi noma izinto ezithathelwanayo.
Lawa ngamadivayisi ezokwelapha e-Class 1 futhi awekho ngaphansi kwezidingo zokubika ze-FDA 501 (k). Le mikhiqizo yenziwa ngabakhiqizi ababhaliswe yi-FDA
Amamaski enhlanzeko alahlwayo
Indwangu engu-3 yesendlalelo engalukiwe enokuhlunga okuhle nokuphefumula kahle
Kunethezeka ukugqoka isikhathi eside ngenkathi kukhulisa ukuvikelwa


text:
INYANGA edlule u-Ephreli izobalwa nezinye izikhathi ezimuncu eNingizimu Afrika, ikakhulu esifundazweni iKwaZulu-Natal, lokhu kungemva kokuhlasela kwezikhukhula ezidale umonakalo zabangela umunyu nosizi okujulile empilweni yabantu.
Angicabanganga kaningi uma kuvela ithuba lokushaywa wumoya ngikhohlwe ‘umzuzwana’ ngesimo esibhekene naso eKZN, ikakhulu eThekwini.
Ngicabange ngemva kwendaba sengiphakathi nohambo ukuthi njengoba ngivakashela enyakatho nesifundazwe, ngabe kuphephile yini ukuhamba emgwaqweni? Into ebiduma ekhanda lami ukuyoshaywa wumoya, ngiphole ngemva kokubhekana nesikhathi esinzima.
Amabombo abheke eHluhluwe ngibabele eNibela Lake Lodge eKwaNibela, lapho ngizohlala khona impelasonto.
Ngisuka eThekwini nje, nginovalo ngokuphepha emgwaqweni kepha kuhambeke kahle ngaze ngafika eHluhluwe, okuthathe amahora 3 nemizuzu ewu-30.
Ukufinyelela eNibela Lake Lodge, kwenzeka ngezindlela ezimbili - ufika eHluhluwe upake imoto endaweni ehleliwe nephephile ebese ukhwela esikebheni esizokubeka qathatha kule ndawo.
Enye indlela, wukuqhubeka ngemoto uze ufike khona okuthatha ihora 1 nemizuzu ewu-30 ngoba umgwaqo uwubhuqu. Uhambo lwesikebhe lona luyimizuzu engu-20.
Ngenxa yokuthi isikebhe sihamba ngezikhathi, ngiqhubekile nemoto ngoba bengingafuni ukushayela ngixhamazela. Ngibe nokuzisola kodwa sengihamba obhuqwini ihora lonke ngafika eNibela ngingasayithandi indaba.
Ngifike khona sengivele nginengwe wubude bendlela nokuthi ovule isango lokungena akacacisanga ukuthi kumele ushone kuphi noma upake kuphi uma usungenile, njengoba uhamba ibangana anduba ufinyelele lapho kwamukelwa khona izivakashi.
Ngikhonondile ngalokhu kowamukela izivakashi, waxolisa waze wangenzela nesiphuzo esizoyizayo wathi ufuna ngisuse uthuli ngaso. Kungichazile nokho ukuthi abasebenzi bayakwazi ukulalela izivakashi futhi baqhamuke namasu okuzijabulisa ngokushesha.
Ngabe ngenza iphutha uma ngingayiphathi eyendlela esuka lapho kupakwa khona izimoto uya endaweni yokwamukela izivakashi nasemagumbini okulala.
Iyibhuloho lamapulangwe elivinjwe ngamapulangwe emaceleni, lithe ukuphakama nokuyinkinga kubantu abangazwani nendawo ephakeme. Ngingene egumbini kwaphela konke ukunengeka ebenginakho, kwangena umuzwa okhethekile wokuthula nokuphola.
Uma usekamelweni ubona ubhazabhaza wechibi kanti lona igumbi likakwe yizihlahla nokwenza kube sengathi nguwena wedwa okule ndawo ngoba awabonakali amanye amagumbi.
Ngiqaphelile ukuthi amagumbi ngawabantu abafuna ukuthula nokuzopholisa ingqondo ngoba ayikho ithelevishini ngaphakathi kuwo. Anazo zonke izinto ongazilindela egumbini lezivakashi, ngaphandle kwethelevishini kanti kube yinkingana kimina njengomuntu osemkhakheni wezindaba.
Ngaphandle kokubikelwa ngenxa yebhuloho okumele ngihambe kulo uma ngiya endaweni yokudlela, lungihlabe umxhwele uhlu lwezidlo nezibiliboco (menu).
Ngimamatheke ngedwa uma ngibona ukuthi ufaka i-oda lokudla ngoba angikuthandisisi ukudla okufica sekulungisiwe (buffet).
Indawo yokudlela ibhekene nechibi elikhulu eliyingxenye yeSimangaliso.
Kukhona neSpa lapho okwazi ukuthi ubhucungwe umzimba, uphaphathe ubuso, wenze izinzipho nokunye okuvamise ukwenziwa kulezi zindawo. Ziningi nezinye izinto ezenziwa yizivakashi kule ndawo egabisa ngezinkanyezi ezine ngokukleliswa wumkhakha wezokuvakasha.
Uma ufuna ukupholisa ikhanda, ukuthula nokukhohlwa yisiphithiphithi sasemadolobheni, le ndawo ikufanele. Nami ngihambe kuyo sengifisa ukuthi bangihlele ukuhlala kuyo okungenani izinsuku ezine hhayi ezimbili.
* Ukuhlala impelasonto egumbini elilala abantu ababili kubiza kusuka kuR3 600 kuya kuR5000. Zikhona nezindlu ezifanele imindeni nabangani uma nibaningi.
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