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U-R50 million otshaliwe kumakhono okuqashwa ubeka i-BCX kanye namanye amabhizinisi ahlakaniphe ngokufanayo phambili emnothweni wakusasa.
Ngonyaka ka-2011, Ifemu eluleka ngezokuphatha esezingeni lomhlaba iMcKinsey & Company yalinganisa ukuthi i-US izoshoda ngabasebenzi okungenani abangu- 200 000 abanamakhono ajulile kwezokuhlaziya ngonyaka ka-2018. Lo mbiko ofanayo uphinde waqagula ukuthi kuzoswelakala abaphathi kanye nabahlaziyi abangu- 1,5-million abazi ukuthi ulwazi olukhulu lusetshenziswa kanjani. Ngonyaka ka-2015, i-US yayinoluhla lwemisebenzi eyizigidi eziyisikhombisa olwaludinga amakhono okuhlela ukusebenza kwamakhompuyutha, kanti lo msebenzi ukhula ngamaphesenti angu-12 kakhulu kuneminye. Umhlaziyi wezimakethe zamafemu ezingeni lomhlaba, uGartener ukhulise isidingo sososayensi bolwazi izikhathi ezintathu kunaleso sabasebenza ngezinombolo (statistics) kanye nabahlaziyi bezobuhlakani kwezamabhizinisi.
Ngenkathi i-Explore Data Science Academy (EDSA) ivula iminyango yayo ngokuphela konyaka ka-2017, iNingizimu Afrika yayivele isisele emuva.
Lokhu kulinganiswa kokushoda kwamakhono kwezesayensi yolwazi lomhlaba wonke kwakuvele sekulinganiselwe emsebenzini eyizigidi ezimbili zemisebenzi. Lo mdonsiswano ka-R50 million, ungovunyelwe yi-BCX (okuyingxenye yenkampani esebenza ngaphansi kuka-Telkom), uzoxhasa abasebenzi abangu-300 eminyakeni emithathu. Amakhulu amathathu awazwakali njengenombolo ephezulu yabasebenzi uma uqhathanisa nalezo zabazoswelakala, kodwa-ke kuzokwenza umehluko omkhulu ukuthi kuhlelwe ukuqashwa kokuzayo.
Uma ubungazi ukuthi isayensi yezolwazi ibaluleke kangakanani emphakathini, ingxoxo engumdonsiswano kaFacebook yakamuva ikunike ulwazi kulo mkhakha. Ngenkathi inkampani yezokuhlaziya i-Cambridge Analytica ikwazi ukuthola imininingwane yabangu-50 million abasebenzisa uFacebook, kwathatha umsebenzi wokuzimisela wedlanzana labasebenzi besayensi yolwazi abazimisele ukuhlonza labo ababebahlosile, okwabe sekungaba lula ukuhlasela ngokusebenzisa amaqhinga athize, konke kwenziwa ukuqhuba phambili i-ajenda yomkhankaso kaTrump. Osopolitiki ababephikisa bakhishwa ngenye yezindlela zomshoshaphansi zokugwazelwa ezifana nokuthi, banake izindaba lapho zixoxwa khona ezinkundleni zokusebenza kobuchwepheshe (online). Ngokwezinga eliphansi, umkhankaso wawuzobe usuqondiswa kulabo abangabavoti abaziwayo ngemiyalezo ebhaliwe.
Kwathatha abantu abangu-270 000 ukuthi bekwazi ukuba yingxenye yalolu hlelo olubizwa nge-thisisyourdigitallife, futhi lolu hlelo lwaba yimpumelelo ngenxa yokubabuthaka bemithetho yokutholakala kolwazi.
“Akusalungile ngokwanele ukuthi umuntu ofundile athi: ‘Angizange ngicabange ngakho,’” kusho uFortunate umfundi we-EDSA. Wafika ohlelweni ngenxa yokuthi uneziqu kwezobunjiniyela bezimboni (industrial-engineering degree), enesipiliyoni sonyaka kwezezimboni kanye nonyaka wokufundisa isiNgisi e-Thailand. Umbono wakhe wawubheke olwazini lwezimboni, kanye nasekubeni qotho ngendlela ehlelekile okuhambelana nakho.
“Ngaphandle uma unemali yokuthi uzikhiphe inyumbazana uhlale esiqhingini, ungaphathi ismartfoni noma ube nama-akhawnti ezinkundleni zokuxhumana, angeke uvimbe uhulumeni wakho noma inkampani ukuthi iwuthole umkhondo wakho. Noma bengalazi igama lakho kanye nemininingwane yakho, banalo ulwazi ngomuntu onjengawe. Basangakwazi ukukuhlonza noma bengalazi igama lakho. Angicabangi ukuthi lokho kunempilo, nakuba isizathu esangiletha emkhakheni wezobunjiniyela bezimboni kanye nesayensi yolwazi kungukuthola kabanzi ukuthi imishini kanye nobuchwepheshe buhlobana kanjani nabantu. Izindaba eziningi zobuchwepheshe sezibe yizibonelo lapho omunye umuntu ongakaze abalwe esithombeni esikhulu sokwenzekayo. Manje usungakhela i-Cape Town okuthile futhi kungahamba kuze kufike endaweni engafika kwaKhathu, kodwa futhi ngokufanayo, abantu abaningi abenza leso sisombululo bangathi abakaze bacabange ukuthi kungafinyelela kulelo banga. Abacabangi ngabantu ababandanyekayo ekusebenziseni ubuchwepheshe.’’
Uphatha indawo yakwaKhathu ngqo, ngoba yilapho u-Andries adabuka khona. Indlela yakhe ye-EDSA iqale ngeziqu zokuba ngumasta kwezolwazi lwabantu (bioinformatics). “Sengisebenzile ngolwazi, kodwa ngendlela ehlukile, ngendlela yokwazi ngempilo (biological point of view), kodwa ulwazi ulwazi,’’ echaza ngokuhamba komkhakha wakhe. “Okwamanje, sisebenza emkhakheni ohluke kakhulu kunalokho engiqeqeshelwe khona.
“Ngiyathemba ukuthi ngomuso ngingabuyela kwezokusebenza nge-biology. Ngicabanga ukuthi la makhono avame ngendlela yokuthi ungaya noma ikuphi usebenzise ulwazi lwakho kuwona. Yingakho nami ngilapha. Ngicabanga ukuthi ugqozi lwami lukakhulu kwezobuchwepheshe bamakhompyutha – i-biology kwakuyinto emnandi nje engathuka ngiyenza,’’ echaza.
“Ngaqala ngeziqu kwezofuzo (genetics) ngoba kuyingxenye yokuhlela kweze-biology. Ugqozi lwami ngezobuchwepheshe bekhompyutha lwakhula lapho. Yayimincane imikhakha engangingakhetha kuyo ngenkathi ngiqala kodwa manje isiminingi imikhakha.’’
I-EDSA yabekwa ngokusemthethweni ku-Okthoba ka-2017 kanti iklasi lika-2018 alenzanga okuningi ukuphonsela inselelo imicabango yezobuchwepheshe eNingizimu Afrika (IT industry). Izivakashi kulesi sikhungo semfundo zizomangala ukuthola owesilisa omhlophe onogqozi kwezekhompyutha onganyakaziseki. I-BCX ibeke u-R50 million yenzela abafundi abangu-300 ukuthi baqedele izifundo zonyaka kanye nohlelo lokuyoqeqeshelwa umsebenzi ezinkampanini eminyakeni emithathu. Izibalo ezilula zithi iklasi lika-2018 liqine ngezinga lika-100. Abafundi abangamashumi ayisishiyagalombili nesithupha ngabamnyama, abangu-42 abesifazane, abangu-54 bangaphansi kweminyaka engu-25 kanye nabangu-42 abanezitifiketi zikamatikuletsheni.
Ukubala kulabo bonke asebeshiwo nje singatomula uSharné, umfundi kamatikuletsheni wango-2017 ovela e-Mitchell’s Plain. “Ngangisenhlanganweni eyayifundisa amantombazane ukuqoqela ndawonye ulwazi, eyayibizwa ngokuthi i-Code for Cape Town. Ngakwenza lokho kusukela ebangeni lika-10,” echaza. “Uma bethola ngezinto ezinobuchwepheshe, batshela thina. Bangithumela ilinki ukuba ngifake isicelo futhi kwezwakala kuyinto engangithanda ukuyenza. Okokuqala kwakuthusa ngoba bonke abanye abantu babeneziqu kanye nokunye, kodwa manje sengiyaqonda.”
I-CODE4CT yinhlangano eyenza kahle esiza amantombazane ngokwethula amakhono okusebenza ngezobuchwepheshe bese ibasiza bathole namathuba ezimbonini ze-ICT (ubuchwepheshe bolwazi nokuxhumana) . Inhlangano ilungiselela ukuvula amathuba emisebenzi engu-75 000 ephathelene nokuqoqa ulwazi ngobuchwepheshe ukuthi itholakale ku-intanethi eNingizimu Afrika ngonyaka ka-2020, ngalo mthamo wale misebenzi okulinganiswa ukuthi ize ezweni elikhulelwa ngumnotho ngokushesha.
Isayensi yolwazi, isisusiwe ku-JavaScript uSharné abesejwayele ukuyisebenzisa ngoba esengumfundi eCODE4CT. Kodwa usenayo eyakhe endlini egcwele abantu abaneziqu ngenxa yolwazi lwakhe lokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe, isisekelo esiqinile somuntu ofundile osemusha olindele isikhala nje bese engena endaweni yokusebenza yesimanje. “Ngaphambi kokuba ngiye esikoleni sezinga eliphakeme, ngangazi ukuthi ngifuna ukwenza okuthile ngamakhompyutha, kodwa ngangingazi ukuthi ngenzeni. Uma ngifika emazingeni aphezulu emfundo, ngangifuna ukuba ngumsunguli wezinhlelo ezitholakala kwikhompyutha. Kodwa selokhu ngaba lapha, lapho wenza khona okungaphezulu kokusungula izinhlelo zokusebenza kwekhumpyutha, ngitholile ukuthi ziningi izingxenye kuyo. Ngiyathanda ukuxazulula izinkinga, kanti lo mkhakha ungisiza ukuqhamuka nesu bese ngizakhela ngokwami.’’
Okukhulu esidingweni esikhulayo sokuhlaziya ulwazi wukwanda kwezinto zamanje ze-intanethi (IoT). Ukukhishwa kwezinsiza kuletha ulwazi lapho lugcinwa khona bese lokho kudala ukuthi kube nolwazi oluningi oludinga ukuhlaziywa. Kodwa-ke abekho abantu abanele kulo mhlaba abafuna ukwenza lolu hlobo lomsebenzi onzima kangaka, ngakho-ke indima kasosayensi wolwazi ukujika ubuchwepheshe kanye nezinhlelo zabo ukuthi benze wona kanye lo msebenzi.
U-Andries udabuka endaweni ekhiqiza uwoyela eNyakatho yeKapa futhi uzizwa enethemba ngohlelo lobuchwepheshe ukuba luyofinyelela kwelakubo. “Sisendaweni enenhlanhla kakhulu emhlabeni njengamanje onakho konke ukuxhumana. IKhathu indawo enemayini, imayini kawoyela, ngakho-ke kuningi ukusetshenziswa kwesayensi yolwazi njengokugcinwa kwemigudu yokuhambisa uwoyela. Kodwa, ngokwenani elivamile, sekwandile ukusetshenziswa kukamakhalekhukhwini othuthukisiwe (amasmartfoni).
“Angazi noma umjwayele yini uStrava,’’ eqhuba. “Bakhipha amabalazwe minyaka yonke kuwona wonke umunu ophatha ismartfoni, wonke umuntu usethubeni lokuba ehlezi egadiwe sonke isikhathi futhi lokho kuza nenzuzo yokuthi ukwazi ukulandelela isimo sakho sezempilo.’’ Yilapho sibambelela khona. Manje sesingasungula uhlelo oluthile, olulawula ukuthi umuntu ulala kanjani noma inhliziyo yakhe isebenza kanjani sihlanganise lonke lolo lwazi ndawonye bese sisiza abantu.
“Akhona amanye amasu okufunda ngemishini angasetshenziswa, njengokuthi uthathe isithombe sakho isikhathi nesikhathi bese uthola umbono ngokwezempilo. Ngicabanga ukuthi asisekho lesi sithiyo manje lapho abahlali basedolobheni elincane elikude bengeke bakwazi ukuthola ubuchwepheshe. Okwenzeka kumuntu oseKapa nalokho okwenzeka kumuntu osemakhaya manje kuyafana.”
Umsebenzi wokuqala abafundi base-EDSA abawenza ukusiza uhulumeni waseNtshonalanga Kapa umelane nenkinga yokuswelakala kwamanzi edolobheni. Njengendima yangokwedlule eyadlalwa ngomakhenikhi abakhulu (Popular Mechanics), ingxenye enkulu yomyalezo we-COCT’s (City of Cape Town) kwakuyikhwalithi lolwazi lobufakazi. U-Fortunate ucacisa ngokuthi amaqembu ajutshiwe asebenza kanjani ngokuhlaziya: “Ngeprojekthi yokugcina esaba nayo neqembu elimelele izinkinga zamanzi eKapa sasixoxa ukuthi izikhungo zabelana kanjani ngolwazi olukhona. Abanye abantu babethi angeke ukwazi ukwenza lokho ngoba kunepolitiki eningi, kodwa njengoba izwe lithuthuka ngokuxhumana, inkampani nenkampani kanye nososayensi wolwazi banendima yokuthi baqonde kusho ukuthini ukuthi, ‘Lo mphakathi usebenzisa amanzi amaningi, ‘noma, lo muntu wenza lokhu.’’
Leyo projekthi isiphelile manje, futhi i-EDSA bekumele yethulelele iDolobha uhla lwalokho ekutholile njengoba leli bhuku lihambile layogaywa. Kulokho okutholiwe ukuthi iCOCT ayibiki kahle ulwazi lwayo futhi lokho kwayibuyisela emuva iprojekthi. Ukusebenza nolwazi oluningi lonyaka lwenze izinsolo eziningi. Kolunye uhlangohti oluthokozisayo, indlela yokusebenza ye COCT beyingenalo ithemba ngo-Day Zero, kusukela ngosuku lokuqala kulandela inyanga ngemuva kwezinsuku ezazimisiwe – lena inkundla enhle kakhulu eyenzelwe ukuhlela.
Iqembu lika-Andries (abafundi bahlukana baba amaqembu ajutshiwe ngalinye beyisishiyagalombili) lathola ukuthi amanzi awafinyeleli emadanyini ngokwanele okuholela ezinkingeni eziningi, okubala isomiso kanye nokusabalala kwezitshalo zokufika.
UFortunate wathola ukuthi kunezinombolo zokubika zolwazi ezishodayo, okungaba nomthelela omkhulu ekufundweni kwazo. Waneliswa ukuncipha kokuvuza nendlela idolobha elenyuse ngayo izinga lokwehlisa lokho kulahlekelwa kuze kufike kumaphesenti angu-20, kodwa ujabule kancane ukuthi amaphesenti angu-20 kuphela alahlekayo ngokuvuza okungamanzi angamalitha ayi-10 umuntu eyedwa osukwini.
“Ilolo hlobo lolwazi oluhlezi laphaya, ongeke waluthola ngaphandle kokuthi ube nala makhono esiwafundayo manje,’’ kusho uFortunate. “Ulwazi onalo ngaphandle kwalolo ukuthi indawo ohlala kuyo (suburb) isebenzisa amanzi angaka futhi kungenzeka lelo nani alisho lutho kuwena, kodwa kukho konke njengokulethwa kanye nokudingeka uma kuhlanganiswa, kusitshela indaba enkulu ephoqayo.”
USharné ukhomba indlela okwabikwa ngayo ezindaweni zokuhlala. “Kweminye iminyaka, idolobha laba nezindawo zokuhlalai eziningi ngokweqile futhi kwenza kubenzima ukuqhathanisa ulwazi lonyaka nonyaka, ngoba kwesinye isikhathi izindawo zokuhlala ziyabalwa embikweni kwesinye isikhathi zingabalwa.”
Abafundi bakhule ngokwanele ukuqonda ukujula kwezinto abazidalulayo. Bayazi ngalabo abanamakhono afanayo kanye nemiphumela yomonakalo ongenzeka uma kukhona omunye onezinhloso ezimbi owenza ucwaningo olufanayo.
“Sidinga ukuwuqonda umthwalo esinawo,” kusho uFortunate.
“Uhulumeni waseNtshonalanga yeKapa unomthwalo wokuthi abe novalo kakhulu, ngoba abantu babakhethile ukuba babheke okuyinzuzo yezwe futhi nalokho okungabathusa, kanti ileyo ndlela-ke yokwenza. Kodwa-ke, sekwenziwe lokho, badinga ukulandelela okuphelele okubonakalayo, njengokubhekwa kwamamitha, ngaphandle kwalokho kushabalalisa izindlela zokwethusa ngoba ungakwazi ukuthola izinombolo bese ungavumelani nabo. Abantu abanalo ulwazi, iqhaza okumele balidlale ukukhuluma nabantu ngendlela ekhombisa ukukhula”.
Lokho kungaba nomthelela omkhulu ekuthuthukiseni ikhono lokuhlaziya ulwazi: kungagqugquzela abantu abaningi ukuthi bahlaziye ulwazi ngobuchule. Ukuba nolwazi lwesimo yikhona ebesikudinga kakhulu njengabahlali, ngoba lolo lwazi luzosiza izinqumo esizithathayo. Ngaphandle kwalolo lwazi, uyisihambi nje endleleni, ulalela nje lokho otshelwa khona.
Enye yemibono i-EDSA eqhamuke nayo ngenkathi isebenza ngale phrojekthi ukuthi luqoqelwe ndawonye ulwazi “Uma, wena njengomnikazi wekhaya, ungazifundela wena amamitha akho bese uhambisa ohlelweni lobuchwepheshe (app) olusunguliwe, iDolobha lizobe seliba nolwazi olungcono ngokusetshenziswa kwamanzi bese kuba nesithombe esicacile ukuthi amanzi ashonaphi,” kuchaza uAndries.
Sesizwile ukuthi isizukulwane sanamuhla esisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe sizinaka kanjani kodwa ukuzinika isikhathi nabantu abasha baseNingizimu Afrika nokubaheha ekutheni behlulele ukuthi isizukulwane esidala sasizibuka kanjani izinto lokhu, kuveza intsha ecabanga ngokujulile.
“Kunzima ukuqhathanisa isizukulwane sanamuhla kanye nokuziphendulela kwaso kanye nalokho kwabazali bethu. Akuzwakali kahle, kodwa konikezwe amandla kulindeleke okungaphezulu. Izimpilo zethu zithembisa kakhulu kunalokho abazali kanye nokhokho bethu ababengakucabanga,” kusho u-Andries lapho ebuzwa ngokwahluleka kokhokho bakhe.
“Ngingangena kumakhelekhukhwini wami ngibone isiminyaminya emgwaqeni nokuthi kuzongithatha isikhathi eside ukushayela imoto kunokuhamba ngezinyawo. Lokho abazali bami babengakwazi ukukwenza.
“Ngokwami, ngizimisele ukukunxephezelela konke lokho. Kumele uqaphele ungakujabuleli ukuthi izikhathi ziyashintsha, ezikhathini zakudala, wawungakwazi ukuphuma kwakho engekho owayefuna ukukubulala; kuhluke kakhulu ukuthi ubulawele ukuba nendawo yakho. Sidinga ukushintsha indlela yokwenza manje.”
Ithimba le-EDSA liyiqembu labahlaziyi bolwazi bakudala, abahlela ukusebenza kobuchwepheshe kanye nabahlaziyi bamabhizinisi abafuna ukubuyisela emphakathini. UShaun Dippnall uyena msunguli osesikhundleli esikhulu, futhi ufike kwiphrojekthi ephuma eNyuvesi yaKwaZulu-Natali, lapho ayefundisa khona ukuhlaziya ulwazi, une-CV enhle ebala u-Old Mutual njengezinye izindawo aphatha khona isikhundla esiphezulu.
“Kuhamba ngendlela enobuhlakani. Siqale nabangu-100 babili kuphela asebehambile bathola imisebenzi emihle. Umfutho muhle kakhulu. Inkomba yethu yokusebenza okuyi-KPI (key performance indicator) yinani labantwana abaselebhu ngoLwesihlanu ebusuku; indlela enkulu yokuzimbandakanya. Futhi kuhlezi kugcwele njalo ngoLwesihlanu ngemuva kwehora lesi-5 ntambama,” kusho uShaun. “Iprojekthi yokubhekelela izinkinga zamanzi eKapa (Cape water crisis project) yalethwa futhi ibukeka kahle, nemiphumela emihle kanye nemihlahlandlela.”
Amathimba angamashumi amabili ethule ucwaningo lwawo ngephrojekthi yezinkinga zamanzi kanye nethimba labaphethe lahlanganisa lokho lenza isethulo esisodwa esizoyiswa eDolobheni. Inselelo elandelayo yabafundi ukuthi bahlale phezu kodaba ngokufunda imishini, bese beya ngqo oqeqeshweni lwephrojekthi yamasonto ayisithupha ekupheleni kukaJulayi. Ngemuva kwalokho uqeqesho lomsebenzi lwezinyanga ezintathu.
“Simatasa sikhuluma namabhizinisi aseNingizimu Afrika ukuthi baxhase iphrojekthi lapho bengathatha abafundi abayishumi baxazulule inkinga noma benze iphrojekthi endaweni yabo yokusebenza. Ngaleyo ndlela, kunethemba eliqinile lokuthi abafundi bangahlaba umxhwele bethole umsebenzi.”
Ingxenye eyindida ukuba nesiqiniseko samathuba okuqashwa akusasa amataniswa namakhono adingwa ngamabhizinisi aseNingizimu Afrika. Lokho iyona nkinga zonke izimboni ezikhulayo ezidinga ukukhuluma ngayo.
Kodwa lowo ngunyaka owodwa osuphelile. Unyaka wesibili uqala ukungena ngoJulayi kanti isifundo sezemishini sesiyasebenza kakhulu. “Sithola ama-imeyli njalo kubuzwa ukuthi zifakwa nini izicelo zonyaka ka-2019,” kusho uShaun. I-EDSA ilinganisa inani lezicelo ezingaphezu kuka-10 000 kanti umqondo abanawo ukuthola izinkampani eziningi ezizoxhasa abafundi babo abaningi, ngethemba lokuthola elinye ikhulu bakhulise uhlelo lokufunda naseGoli.
“Besilokhu siqinisa izinga futhi abantu abaningi bazizwele kungaphezu kokwenza,” echaza ngekharikhulamu. “Ngaphakathi kulokho bekumele sihlukanise amaqembu sibanike ukuhlela kokusebenza kobuchwepheshe kakhulu ngoba lokho kunzima. Kunabafundi abangu-20 abanikezwa abasebenzi bokubalekelela okungenani inyanga yonke. Olunye ushitsho kwakumele behlukanise izikhathi zibezinde ngamasonto amane esikhundleni samathathu, ukuze bengagcini sebekhathele kakhulu.”
I-EDSA iwuhlelo olusungulwe ngobuchule olunemiphumela ebonakalayo kwenye yezimakethe zomsebenzi ezinhle njengamanje. Kahle hle yikuphi abafundi abafuna kukuzuza khona, babona imisebenzi yabo ikuphi ngale kalokhu kuqeqeshwa?
USharné unamaqhinga ababili engqondweni yakhe uma eqeda e-EDSA. “Ukuthi ngiye enyuvesi ngiyofunda , noma ngisebenze njengososayensi wolwazi enkampanini. Kodwa lokho ngokwami ukuthi ngikucabange kulesi sikhathi, ngoba konke kuncike ekutheni iyiphi inkampani engingena kuyo, nokuthi ngobani. Ngifuna nokwakha izinto ngoba kuyabasiza kakhulu abantu. Ngangiyinxenye yephrojekthi iminyaka emibili eyedlule lokho kusizakale khona abantu abakhulelwe emphakathini ukuthi bathole ukuthi bazobeletha nini.”
U-Andries ubeke ihlo entweni ethize ethokozisayo: isikhundla ku-Google DeepMind. “Ngingathanda ukuya endaweni ekahle yokufunda imishini, ngenze imithetho yokuxazulula izinombolo (algorithms). Okwamanje, sisalapho siyisebenzisa khona siyiqonde, kodwa ngifuna ukuba kwenye ingxenye yayo ngiyisungule.”
UFortunate ufuna ukusiza ngokukhiqizwa kokudla kwabantu abaphila impilo ephansi kanye nokuthuthukisa umphakathi. Ithemba kulokhu, yikuthi yonke le mizamo izoveza izithelo nokuthi iNingizimu Afrika ingaba indawo yokusungula ososayensi bolwazi abaletha ushintsho.

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Uma sikhuluma ngempi yaseSandlwana kudingeka sazi ukuthi inhlosonqangi yabahlaseli kwakungukuqeda uMbuso woBukhosi bukaZulu owawusasele eNyakatho yoThukela noMzinyathi, ngaphansi kweNgonyama uCetshwayo eyaqala ukubusa kusukela ngowe-1872 kuya kowe-1879.
Ukuhlasela uMbuso wamaNgisi wakwenza ngokusebenzisa amasu kangqondongqondo wezempi eChina, uSun Tzu, oncwadi yakhe yashicilelwa ngowama-400 singakaFiki isiKhathi sikaKrestu [BCE]. Le ncwadi ethi: The Art of War yase ihunyushiwe yashicilelwa e-Europe ngowe-1772 sesiFikile isiKhathi sikaKrestu [ADE]. Kuyo uSun Tzu uthi: “one cannot have advantage of topography without the use of local guides.” okuwukuthi ‘ngeke uyinqobe impi ungazange usebenzise abantu obahlaselayo bendawo abazi nabazokuchushisa kuzo zonke izindawo eziyingozi ngenkathi uhlasela’. Ngakho-ke izinhloli zamaNgisi kwakungezamaZulu ezazi yonke imihosha, amawa, imigede namahlathi endawo. uSun Tzu uphinde athi: “those who reach and occupy the battleground early will have time to rest and wait for the enemy.” okuhumusheka ngokuthi ‘abafika kuqala lapho kuzolwelwa khona baba nethuba lokuphumula belinde isitha ukuze badumelane naso benomfutho’.
Lokhu kwenzeka eNcome, eNdondakusuka nakhona eSandlwana lapho impi kaZulu yafika ntambama mhla zingama-21 kuMasingana 1879, kuzoliwa ngakusasa ekuseni. Uyagcizelela uSun Tzu ukuthi ukuze kunqotshwe isitha umhlaseli kudingeka abe nolwazi olugcwele ngesimo sezempi sesitha asihlaselayo kodwa ululeka ngokuthi: “the fore knowledge cannot be elicited from spirits nor from the gods nor by inductive thinking; nor by deductive calculations. It can only be obtained from men who have knowledge on the enemy’s situation.” ulwazi lwesimo sezempi sesitha lungavela kuphela ngezinhloli zabantu bendawo abasaziyo isimo sendawo yabo.
Le mpi yaseSandlwana kudingeka siphinde sazi ukuthi yayilandela eyaseNdondakusuka yamhla zizi-2 kuZibandlela 1856, eyayihlelwe yiyo iNgilandi ngokuzama ukubeka uMntwana uMbuyazwe ukuba yiNgonyama nxa iSilo uMpande sesikhotheme kubangelwa ngukungamethembi uMntwana uCetshwayo owayefuna izinto zihanjiswe njengesikhathi kusabusa iNgonyama uShaka.
Ngakho-ke iNgilandi yayikwazi konke lokhu ngezinhloli zayo. Yanquma ukuthi kwesekwe uMbuyazwe. Lokhu kuzimbandakanya kweNgilandi ukubhuqa uMbuso kaZulu eNdondakusuka kuyavela nasezibongweni zayo iNgonyama uCetshwayo nxa kuthiwa: “uHlamvana bhul’ umlilo eNdulinde, ubaswe ngabamhlophe abelungui ubaswe nguMantshonga uJ. Walmsely benoGgelebana u-E.F. Rathbone.
Ingonyama uCetshwayo isibusa, njengaye uyise uMpande yabusa kuphela ingxenye yoMbuso kaZulu esuka eningizimu yeMaputo, kwaMabhudu, eseNyakatho yemifula uThukela noMzinyathi kusukela ngonyaka w- 1840 kuya kowe-1879. Ingxenye yoMbuso kaZulu eseningizimu yoThukela eyayize iyovinjwa nguMfula uMzimvubu kusabusa iziNgonyama oShaka noDingane yaqolwa ngamaBhunu ayengaphansi kuka-Andries Pretorius ngokwenza umfelandawonye noMntwana uMpande owaqembuka eNgonyameni uDingane ngonyaka we-1839, ngemuva kancane kwempi yaseNcome yamhla zili-16 kuZibandlela 1838 ngokunxenxwa yibo abelungu, hhayi ukuhlaselwa yimpi kaZulu lokho kuyimbudane, imfundisoze nokungahlaziyisisi umlando wethu.
Ngakho-ke amaBhunu aqhuba impi yoMntwana uMpande phambi kweyawo eMaqonqo ngoMasingana 1840, wona eza ngemuva ehlome ngezibhamu kodwa agcina engazisebenzisanga. Impi yonke nxa idumelana kwaba sengathi amaZulu aqedana wodwa kanti ongqondongqondo bamaBhunu bebevele behlose khona lokho, bagcina beqole yonke ingxenye yoMbuso kaZulu eningizimu yoThukela noMzinyathi bayiqamba kabusha bathi iyiRepublic of Natalia (1840-1843) okuligama elasungulwa ngabelungu ngesu lokucisha ikwaZulu bekhumbula ukudlula ogwini komPhutukezi uVasco da Gama mhla zingama-25 kuZibandlela 1497.
Nempela impi yaseMaqonqo yaliwa ngoNozishada kaMaqhoboza Nzuza woDlambedlu owagqama kakhulu kweyeNgonyama uDingane kuvikelwa uMbuso kaZulu noNongalaza Mnyandu owayehola eyoMntwana uMpande nabahlaseli bamaBhunu eyadla umhlanganiso isekelwe yizibhamu. UMntwana uMpande waklonyeliswa ngengxenye esenyakatho yoThukela ngamaBhunu ka-Andries Pretorius aphinde athi ayamgcoba njengeNgonyama. Ngakho-ke kwagcina iziNgonyama oShaka noDingane ukubusa eMbusweni kaZulu obumbene, ohlanganisa iningizimu nenyakatho yoThukela. Lokhu yiyona ngqikithi yokushiwo ngukuGqabuka kweGoda, ngokuqembuka koMntwana uMpande okwakungokokuqala ngqa selokhu sasuka eNkabazwe ngaphansi kweNgonyama uMnguni kaNtu.
iKoloni yamaNgisi aseNatali ngemuva kweminyaka emibili, 1841-1842, uMbuso wamaNgisi wawanqoba amaBhunu ayeqole ingxenye yoMbuso kaZulu eningizimu yoThukela ngowe-1843 kubangwa indawo kaZulu nokubusa phezu kwakhe, indawo ayibhabhadisa ngokuthi iyiKoloni yamaNgisi aseNatali. Zonke izizwe zamaZulu ezazikade zibuswa yiziNgonyama oShaka noDingane eningizimu yoThukela, uSir Theophilus Shepstone, uSomtsewu, uNobhala WeziNdaba ZaBantu, wancoma ukuthi zakhiswe imizi yazo emeveni, ezintabeni nasemigubaneni. Zakhiswa ezindaweni ezazingakulungele neze ukulinywa nemfuyo. Wonke amaZulu enqaba ukuya emeveni adliwa yinhlamvu kwathiwa aduve ngokungemthetho. Odwaladwala bamapulazi avundile nalungele imfuyo ayengamamogeni ayizi-3000 ipulazi lomlungu emunye anikezwa amaNgisi namaBhunu nengxenye yomhlaba kaZulu eyaqolwa yabizwa ngokuthi yindawo kaHulumeni.
Zonke izizwe zaMakhosi eningizimu yoThukela noMzinyathi zaphoqwa ukukhanda ojantshi bezitimela, ukutshala amahlathi, nokukhanda imigwaqo ngaphansi kohlelo lwempoqo olwalwaziwa ngokuthi yiSibhalo. Bonke ababebhalisa abantu ohlelweni IweSibhalo banikezwa ilungelo lokubiza ilobolo lezinkomo ezili-15 nxa amadodakazi abo egana.
Impi yaseSandlwana, zingama-22 kuMasingana ngowe-1879
Impi yaseSandlwana eyalwa mhla zingama 22 kuMasingana ngonyaka we-1879 kudingeka sibe nalesi sithombe ezingqondweni zamaZulu nxa siyixoxa. Yalwa iziwombe ezine ezibalulekile: eSandlwana, eShiyane, kwaKhambula naseHlobane, eGingindlovu nasoNdini (mhla zizi-4 kuNtulikazi 1879). Yaqopha umlando, hhayi nje kuphela eNingizimu Afrika, kodwa emhlabeni jikelele kwazise iNgilandi ngenkathi ihlasela yasebenzisa amasotsha amazwe amaningi ayengamaKoloni ayo ukuzolekelela ukunqoba uMbuso kaZulu. Kwakunamasotsha avela eCanada, eNew Zealand, e-India. Kodwa ingxenye enkulu yamasotsha amaNgisi kwaba ngamabutho kaZulu ezizwe zamaZulu ezazakhe eKoloni yaseNatali eningizimu yoThukela aphoqwa kungekho ayengakwenza ukwenqaba ukuba alwe nabafowawo engasohlangathini lwamaNgisi ngenxa yokuthi ayefana nezigqila zawo amaNgisi aseningizimu yoThukela.
La maZulu ezizwe zaMakhosi aseningizimu yoThukela ayembandakanya amakholwa amaZulu aseDriefontein ngaseMnambithi, e-Edendale, eNdaleni, Rookdale nesizwe sonke sabaTlokwa, esasizinze kwaNobamba okungabeSuthu ababeholwa yiNkosi uHlubi abanikezwa elaseNquthu njengomklomelo ngemuva kwempi yaseSandlwana. Babengabazukulu bakaMantantise owazala uSigonyela bekade bezinze ngaseNtabazwe bazozinziswa kwaNobamba ukuze kuhlaselwe ngabo onke lawo makhosi nezizwe zawo ayesolwa ngamaNgisi ngokuthi awethembekile eMbusweni wawo. Ngakho-ke uMbuso wamaNgisi weKoloni yaseNatali wabalandela ukuzogadla ngabo ngokubahlomisa ngezibhamu ukuhlasela wonke amakhosi amaZulu, ayethathwa njengezephulamthetho, njengesizwe sakwaHadebe esasiholwa yiNkosi uLangalibalele ngowe-1873.
INgilandi yemukela nengxenye yamaBhunu uMengameli wawo uPaul Kruger owaqala ngokunikeza izeluleko zokuthi kusetshenziswe inqaba yezinqola njengoba wona enza mhla zili-16 kuZibandlela 1838 eNcome ehlasela impi kaZulu yeSilo uDingane. Ukusebenzisa inqaba yezinqola njengaseNcome iNgilandi yakuchitha ngephuzu lokuthi yona yayizosebenzisa izikhali ezaziyisimanje manje njengerapid firing needle guns ezazingefani neMartini Henrys eyayisetshenziswa ngamaBhunu eNcome. Iphuzu lesibili lokwenqaba iseluleko labangelwa ngubuningi bempi yawo amaNgisi eyayimbandakanya amabutho kaZulu eNyakatho yoThukela noMzinyathi kanye namaZulu ayezibiza ngamakholwa. Ngakho-ke empeleni nguZulu owayebhekene noZulu kanye naBatlokwa. Leli phuzu osomlando babelungu bayaligodla ukuze kudideke umlando wethu. Empeleni iNgilandi yayazi ngezinhloli zayo ukuthi amaZulu noma amanye awo ayezosebenzisa izibhamu kodwa iningi lamabutho awo lalithembele ezihlangwini, amawisa nemikhonto.
Ngakho-ke abaphathi bezempi yamaNgisi bathi bona bafuna indawo evulekile efanana nayo yaseSandlwana ukuze bazolalisa uyaca emabuthweni kaZulu nxa uZulu esedumelana yedwa amaNgisi ebukela. Kuyasicacela-ke ukuthi iNgilandi yayinamabutho angaphezulu kude kwaweNgonyama uCetshwayo eyayethembele kuphela kuZulu osenyakatho yoThukela noMzinyathi nowayengambandakanyi izizwe zaseManyiseni, kwaNyawo, kwaMtembe nakwaMngomezulu zonke ezingazange zilwe eSandlwana ngoba impi yabahlaseli yaqhamuka njengesinyenyela kwazise kwakukade kunoMkhosi woKweshwama waminyaka yonke eqala ngasekupheleni kukaZibandlela uze uphethwe ngasekupheleni kukaMasingana. Phela iNgilandi yase izocoboshisa okwase kukuphela koMbuso wabaMnyama eNingizimu Afrika owawuzimele gelekeqe ubuswa ngokuphelele ngabantu abamnyama kuyo yonke imikhakha yempilo ngonyaka we-1879. Ngakho-ke amabutho oMbuso kaZulu alwa njengabantu abase bephakathi kwembokodo nesisekelo ukuvikela izwe labo okwase kukuphela kwalo elalisasele.
Amalungiselelo okubhekana nabahlaseli
Ingakadumelani impi kaZulu nabahlaseli bamaNgisi, kwenziwa amalungiselo amaningi uZulu ayewenza nxa kuphuma impi. Njengoba kusukela endulo uMbuso kaZulu wawunezinhloli ezikhaliphe isimangaliso esingabala kuzo uNongila Mabaso, iNgonyama uCetshwayo yase yazi konke ngabahlaseli ngenkathi iNgilandi iphaka amabutho ayo ngemikhakha emithathu: ingxenye eyayizogudla ulwandle iyodlula eGingindlovu ize iyofika oNdini, ingxenye yamasotsha yayizoba phakathi nendawo iyodlula eSandlwana kanye neyesithathu eyayizoqhamuka ngaseHlobane wonke amasotsha agcine ehlangane koMkhulu IweNgonyama uCetshwayo oNdini.
Mayelana namalungiselelo oMbuso kaZulu, okokuqala kwakhishwa isimemezelo ngemuva kokuba iSilo uCetshwayo nesigungu saso sesinaso sonke isiqiniseko sokuthi abahlaseli babecionde oNdini bezohlasela izwe. Isimemezelo senziwa yizinceku ezaziholwa nguBhejane kaNomageje Khoza, abazukulu bakhe nampaya esizweni sakwaKhoza eNseleni. Isimemezelo sasithi: “iNgonyama ithi mayihlome!” Okwesibili, amabutho esefikile oNdini, iNgonyama yafisa ukwazi inani labantu ababenezibhamu. Isibonile ukuthi isibalo sasisincane, yancoma ukuthi kukhishwe izinkomo ukuze uJohn Dunn azothengela amabutho kaZulu izibhamu zokulwa. Yena wayezithenga kumaPhutukezi eMozambique. Lokho akwenzekanga ngoba uJohn Dunn noma iSilo uCetshwayo sasikade simnikeze amanxiwa eMangethe kwaMathaba, eMoyeni kwaNzuza nakwaQhwayinduku eMazimeleni kwathi nxa kuhlaselwa uZulu waqembukela kwabanye abelungu wabanika yonke imininingwane yoMbuso kaZulu ayeyazi.
Okwesithathu, kwaba ngamalungiselelo okuqinisa impi ngezintelezi okwakumbandakanya ukubamba inkunzi emnyama ibulawe ngezandla, ukuqiniswa ngentelezi kwamabutho, ukuphothula emfuleni, ukushunqiselwa kanye nokuchelwa ngazo. Okwesine ukuya eMakhosini nokuhlaba izinkomo zomzimu ezaziqondana namathongo eziNgonyama ezilele eMakhosini nokubongela amakhosi, ukuwazisa ngokuhlaselwa kwezwe lawo. Ebusuku amabutho ayehuba amahubo amadala azo zonke izingonyama zakwaZulu kusuke usinga.
Izinduna nezikhulu ezazibongela eMakhosini ngoMnyamana Buthelezi owayenguNdunankulu weSilo uCetshwayo, Mahlathini kaSojaba Nkwanyana, Ntshingwayo kaMahole Khoza owadidiyela yonke impi eSandlwana. Nguye uMahole owayeluse izinkomo noMntwana uSenzangakhona mhla ehlangana noNandi emadlangaleni kanti sekuzozalwa iLembe, uMbopha kaWolizibi Hlabisa, naziya izizukulwane zakhe kwaHlabisa, uMfusi kaManyala Mdletshe, ukhokho weNkosi uBonga Mdletshe kwaHlabisa, uHhemulana kaMbhangazeli Sibiya, owaphinde wahola eyakwaNdunu sekubusa uDinuzulu, uMvubu kaNgqengelele Buthelezi, uSekethwayo kaNhlaka Mdlalose, ukhokho kaDkt uFrank Mdlalose, uNtuzwa kaNhlaka Mdlalose, uSitshaluza kaMamba Ntshangase, (umfowabo kaMasiphula kaMamba owayenguNdunankulu kaMpande), uSihayo kaXhongo Ngobese, uMpandamana kaNdlela Ntuli, uPhalane kaMdinwa Mkhwanazi, uSigcwelegcwele kaMhlekehleke Ngema, uSomopho kaSikhala Mthembu nabanye.
Ukuxoxa impi
Okwesihlanu kwaba ukuxoxa impi lapho amabutho ayeklolodelana khona ngayezokwenza uma esebhekene nesitha isinyathela awabantwana. INgonyama uCetshwayo yaqala yathi makuxoxe uKhandampemvu neNgobamakhosi. Induna enkulu yeNgobamakhosi kwakunguSigcwelegcwele Mngadi okunguyena owaqala wagiya bamhasha ngezihasho zakhe bethi: “uJi! uJi!” efunga ukuthi iNgobamakhosi iyofika kuqala esitheni uKhandampemvu okunduna yalo kwakunguMkhosana kaMvundlana kaMenziwa Biyela lungakafiki. Naziya izizukulwane zakhe oBuka ngaphansi kweNkosi uChakide. Nezinye izinsizwa zoKhandampemvu zazifunga ngodadewabo ukuthi ziyofinyelela kuqala esitheni. Emaqhaweni nezingwazi ezindala kwakwenzeka zingakaphumeli obala iNgonyama ikhiphe isandla izixhawule ngokuzethemba ukuthi ziyoncamela ukusala enkundleni kunokudedela isitha sithathe izwe IakwaZulu. Nxa kuxoxwa impi ngisho umuntu owone kangakanani wayengabulawa ngoba lokho kwakungeke kuzwakale kahle emathongeni aMakhosi eMakhosini. Ukuxoxa impi kwakungumthandazo ngokwako.
Amahubo ayehutshwa ayenza ngisho igwala lifise ukuthi ngabe isitha sesifikile. Uma amabutho eseshunqiselwe achelwa nangezintelezi ayengavunyelwa ukuphindela emakhaya. Ngaso leso sikhathi abafazi emakhaya babephendulela izidwaba, baphebeze emoyeni ngemishanyelo ngenkolelo yokuthi lokho kwakuzokwenza amabutho abuye engavelelwanga mashwa empini, kusho ukuzila. Sekubikiwe emathongeni ezingonyama eMakhosini impi kaZulu yaphikelela eSandlwana iholwa nguNtshingwayo Khoza okwakunguyena owayezoyiphaka engumdidiyeli wayo omkhulu. Kwakuhutshwa amahubo amaningi empi kuphikelelwe eSandlwana mhla zingama-21 kuMasingana 1879. Elinye lalithi: Oqalayo: ‘Wosuka sihambe! s’hambe! Unosuka s’ hambe! Sihambe![uyaphindaphinda] Abavumayo: Hhe! Hhe! Kush’ uMngwempisi! Hhe! Hhe!Kush’ uMngwempisi!’ [kuyaphindaphindwa] Elinye ihubo layo iNgonyama uCetshwayo elaliqanjwe ngempi yaseNdondakusuka nalo lahutshwa kuyiwa eSandlwana, lalithi: Oqalayo: ‘Wo! Sinik’ abafo!’ [uyaphindaphinda] Abavumayo: ‘Im’khonto, Wena weNdlov’enamandla’ Oqalayo: ‘Ngonyama sinik’ impi! Im’khonto, wena weNdlov’ enamandla’.
Elinye ihubo lempi lalihutshwa ngesikhathi seSilo uDingane, nalo lahutshwa kuphikelelwe eSandlwana. Lalithi: Oqalayo: ‘Woza langa lashona!’ Abavumayo: ‘Lashona!’ Oqalayo: ‘Woza langa lashona!’ Abavumayo: ‘Lashona kuleziya ntaba!’ [kuyaphindwa phindwa]. Wonke amabutho ayeholwa yizinduna zawo namasekela azo. Izinhloli zazihamba phambili zingamakhilomitha alinganiselwa kwali-18. Zaziqeqeshiwe futhi zihlome ziphelele zazi ukuthi nxa kuqhamuka isitha kwakudingeke zikhwele zidilike ezinye ziyobikela impi enkulu emuva. Empini enkulu kwakukhona nezindibi ezazithwalele amaqhawe iziphuku zawo ukhotha nokunye. Zona zazima kude zibukele nxa impi isitholene phezulu kuthi nxa ezimthwalele esala enkundleni, zishiye yonke imithwalo yakhe lapho zazihleli khona. Nxa sekuphindelwa emakhaya kwakubonakala ngokufika kwazo zingasaphethe zimpahla ukuthi abezibathwalele basale empini, bese kwenziwa amalungiselelo okulandwa kwabo. Ngakho-ke amatshe amaningi abekwe phezu kwamathambo eSandlwana ngawabaTlokwa namaZulu ayephoqiwe ukuchema neNgilandi.
Ngakusasa mhla zingama-22 kuMasingana 1879, kwathi nxa amabutho esewabona amatende amasotsha amaNgisi aphikelela khona ekhuza: “uSuthu! uSuthu!” okuyisaga esasiqanjwe eNdondakusuka ngababesekela uMntwana uCetshwayo kodwa esase siyisaga soMbuso kaZulu eseyingonyama. Amasotsha amaNgisi ayevive ngemuva kwabaTlokwa namabutho amaZulu aseningizimu yoThukela noMzinyathi njengoba abelungu babekade benze njalo eMaqonqo naseNdondakusuka ukuze azobhekana noZulu kuqala abantu abamnyama baqedane bodwa. Nempela kwathi nxa impi yeNgonyama uCetshwayo ibona amambuka yawagwaza ngamaklwa agcwala iziganga izindimbane zawo zasala enkundleni kumbandakanya uGabangaye Mchunu namambuka amaningi ayesuka eKoloni yaseNatali amaNgisi ayengazange azihluphe ngisho ukubhala uhla lwamabutho awo emqulwini wamasotsha ayelwa lapho. Kwakuthi nxa insizwa igwaza ibulala isitha ikhumule izingubo zayo izibeke phezu kwesidumbu sesitha yona igqoke ezesitha. Lokhu kwenzeka nasezitheni zamasotsha abelungu ngoba kwabe kuyinkolelo kaZulu evimba ukuthi ogwaziwe angayilandeli.
Amanye amambuka aklonyeliswa nguMbuso wamaNgisi uNjengabantu Ngubane kaSobhuza Ngubane wasemaBomvini wasiza amasotsha amaNgisi amaningi wagcina enikezwe imendlela wanikezwa isikhundla sokuba nguSayitsheni eGreytown, amakholwa maningi oStephen Mini [Edendale] u-Elijah Khambule, uSimeon Khambule nawo aklonyeliswa ngezimendlela ngokudubula abantu bakubo.
Ngemuva kwesikhathi eside isiphelile impi yaseSandlwana kwaba nombango wesikhundla sobukhosi emaChunwini okwakudingeke sithathwe nguZimema kodwa uMbuso weKoloni yamaNgisi wathi makube yindlalifa kaGabanganye ukuze akhunjulwe ngokulwela kwakhe amaNgisi eSandlwana, uZimema wajukujelwa eMzimkhulu nedlanzana labalandeli.
Ngakho-ke uMbuso wamaNgisi awuzange uzihluphe ngisho ukugcina kahle uhla lwabamnyama ababesuka eKoloni yaseNatali ukuze kwaziwe kamhlophe ukuthi bangaki abasala enkundleni nanokuthi nje babengobani ngoba wawungagqizeqakala ngokuthi bayasinda noma bayafa na. Kwathatha isikhathi eside kakhulu nokuthi amathambo amambuka ayesakazeke sonke isiganga saseSandlwana ahlonishwe ngokubeka amatshe phezu kwawo, kwawona agcina ependwe nje ngopende omhlophe ngaphandle kokucacisela izizukulwane esezithatha ngokuthi ngamabutho eNgonyama uCetshwayo.
lngxenye yabaTlokwa eyasala kwababesele enkundleni eSandlwana baklonyeliswa ngendawo kaSihayo Ngobese noSekethwayo Mdlalose eNquthu ababesaphila kwazise babulawa oNdini ngesu lokubhuqa amaqhawe ayesale eSandlwana neSilo uCetshwayo esasisandukubuya ekudingisweni eKapa, mhla zingama-21 kuNtulikazi 1883. Inhloso yokubabeka lapho abaTlokwa kwakungukuqapha ukuthi oSihayo noSekethwayo bangafaki umoya wokuketula amaNgisi enyakatho yoThukela noMzinyathi.
Ngasohlangothini lwempi yeNgonyama uCetshwayo izinkubela eziningi izihlobo zazo zazilanda eSandlwana okungabalwa phakathi kwazo uMagudulwana Mthembu waseMahlabathini woKhandampemvu. Wagwaza abelungu abathathu ekuKhandampemvu isotsha lesithathu walijuqa naye esedubulekile emlenzeni, isidumbu sesotsha sawela phezu kwakhe. lzihlobo sezifika zizobheka izinkubela nezidumbu zezihlobo zazo watholakala esaphila uMagudulwana zamthwala wasiwa ekhaya wanikezwa imihlatshelo waphila.
Kubhekwana nabahlaseli bamasotsha amaNgisi ematendeni esegudluziwe abulawa amambuka, amabutho kaZulu aphikelela ematendeni lapho kwafinyelela khona kuqala uMbonambi ondukuzibomv’igazi, induna yawo enkulu okwakunguNtuzwa Mdlalose noMankulumana kaSomaphunga Ndwandwe owagcina enguNdunankulu weNgonyama uDinuzulu wayeyingxenye yeMbonambi. Amasotsha amaNgisi avulela ngemvula yezinhlamvu eziqondise kulo ibutho leMbonambi kodwa kwanhlanga zimuka nomoya, kuthiwa ‘uyadela wen’usulapho’ bebodwa abasho izibongo zeNgonyama uCetshwayo lagcina lifike qatha ematendeni.
Ngemuva kwalokho kwaphakwa uKhandampemvu olwaluholwa yinduna yalo uMkhosana Biyela, owagijima njengohlanya ephakamise isihlangu sakhe eqonde kubahlaseli. Amasotsha amaNgisi amthela phansi ngenhlamvu wasala enkundleni. Omunye owangena kuKhandampemvu ngoba esejahe ukufika qatha esitheni samaNgisi nguQethuka Magwaza owayeyinduna enkulu yohlangothi loThulwana kwazise isibaya esikhulu soThulwana sasingaphansi kukaMnyamana. Ngakho-ke wakhuzwa uQethuka kaManqondo ngoba kwakungakabi yithuba loThulwana kodwa wangena kuKhandampemvu ukuze abe lapho kwakushisa khona kushunqa intuthu kusetshenziswa izibhamu zohlobo oluphambili. Wagwaza amasotsha amaNgsi amaningi wabuya engenamyocu. Indodakazi yakhe okaQethuka yagcina ibe yiNkosikazi yeSilo uCetshwayo yazala uMntwana uManzolwandle ngemuva kancane kokudliswa ushevu kweSILO uCetshwayo ngamaNgisi ziyisi-8 kuNhlolanja 1884.
Ngemuva koKhandampemvu kwamemeza uSikhizane kaNomageje Buthelezi eqondise kuNgobamakhosi ethi: “Nilalelani phansi? Nathini kuKhandampemvu mhla kuxoxwa impi? Nalo uKhandampemvu luphikelele ematendeni?” iNgobamakhosi yase isibonile ukuthi nxa isibhamu silungiselelwa ukudubula kudingeka ilale phansi iphinde ivuke iphikelele phambili nxa nje siqeda ukudubula kwazise kwabe kunotshani obude eSandlwana.
Ngakho-ke amasotsha amaNgisi ematendeni agcina egwazwe abulawa ucaca kwathathwa nezibhamu zawo. Ngenxa yokuthi lwalukhona uhla Iwamasotsha abelungu, ngemuva nje kwempi yaseSandlwana iNgilandi yakhela amasotsha ayo ayesale enkundleni izakhiwo eziningi zezikhumbuzo zawo okubalwa nawo wonke ayeqhamuka eKoloni yaseNatali kwazise uZulu…
washaya ikhuhle emasotsheni amaNgisi eSandlwana. Okubi kakhulu ngukuthi amaZulu noma esesemandleni ombusazwe awuqikeleli ukuthi amaqhawe awo abekwe ngendlela ehloniphekile, njengokwakha isikhumbuzo esikhulu khona laphaya eSandlwana esithe qekelele sibhalwa phezulu uMkhosana Biyela nawo wonke amaqhawe asala enkundleni kuvikelwa izwe. AmaZulu angabazukulu bamaqhawe aseSandlwana asuke acabange ukuthi isitha singawasiza ukuhlonipha amaqhawe aso okuyinto engakaze yenzeke emhlabeni jikelele. Iningi lalawo masotsha amaNgisi azama ukubaleka aphikelele eShiyane avinjwa agwazwa ngamabutho oVe noNokhenke. USikhobobo Sibiya wayeyingxenye kaNokhenke. Idlanzana elafinyelela eShiyane lasizwa ngukwakha inqaba efana nezinqola zamaBhunu eziseNcome. Leyo nqaba ayakha ngamasaka kwathi nxa uZulu ezama ukucaca adubula amasotsha amaNgisi ecashe ngemuva kwayo. Yanqandwa kanjalo ekaZulu eShiyane.
Ukuhlasela kwamaNgisi kwaKhambula naseHlobane kwaqondana nabaQulusi. Yonke indawo esuka eMahlabathini ize iyofinyelela eSimdlangentsha yayikade inikezwe uNgqengelele yiNgonyama uShaka. Ngakho-ke indlalifa yakhe uMnyamana wayenemizi eNgoje naseMahlabathini. Kwakuyinjwayelo kwaZulu ukuthi impi nxa ilwela endaweni yesikhulu seNgonyama kube yiso esiphaka impi lapho kwazise amabutho amaningi ayengaphansi koholo lwaso. Ngakho-ke impi kwaKhambula, ngaseNqabeni kaHawana, yaphakwa nguMnyamana kaNgqengelele. Ngaleso sikhathi amasotsha amaNgisi ayesevutha uphondo ngemuva kokwehlulwa kwawo eSandlwana. Ayesebulala abalimele eshisa imizi yabantu abafazi basale dengwane. Impi kaZulu yalwa ngokuzinikela okukhulu kwaKhambula naseHlobane kodwa izibhamu zadla umhlanganiso emahawini nasemikhontweni. Ngenyanga kaNdasa 1879, uMntwana uHhamu kaMpande wembukela emaNgisini nengxenye kaZulu eyayingabalandeli bakhe. Lokhu kwacaca ukuthi amaNgisi ayenomshoshaphansi wokunxenxela amaqhawe kaZulu ukuba azimbandakanye nawo.
Impi eyayiqhamuka eGingindlovu neyagcina ilwele eMfuleni iNyezane yatholana phezulu nekaZulu eyayiholwa nguPhalane Mkhwanazi, uSomopho kaSikhala Mthembu, uMavumengwana Ntuli noMajiya Nzuza. Yadumelana ngamawala eNyezane kwafa amasotsha amaNgisi amaningi. Kulapho futhi abaphathi bamasotsha amaNgisi bakhipha isinqumo sokuthi kudutshulwe kubulawe nabalimele okuyinto isivumelwano saseGeneva esiphambene nayo. Yehlulwa kanjalo ekaZulu.
Amasotsha amaNgisi agcina ekwazile ukuphikelela oNdini ukuze abambe iNgonyama uCetshwayo. Amabutho amaningi kaZulu azama ukuvimba amasotsha amaNgisi kodwa mhla zizi-4 kuNtulikazi 1879 agcine efinyelele oNdini afike alushisa ngomlilo. Ingonyama yayingasekho isibhaciswe eNgome emzini kaShoyisa Mbuyisa esizweni sakwaButhelezi. Nokho yagcina itholakele mhla zingama-31 kuNcwaba 1879 yaqhutshwa ngamabutho amaNgisi igqokiswe indwangu yetafula. Kwahanjwa kusukwa oNdini indlela yedlula lapho sekuyiNyuvesi yasoNgoye yedlula ngenhla kwedolobha laseSikhawini kwathi lapho okuthiwa kuseSikhawini Beach khona yathathwa ngumkhumbi wezempi yayiswa ekudingisweni e-Oude Moulen eKapa.
Isiphetho
Impi yaseSandlwana ibhalwe ngemfundisoze nangokubuka umlando ngeso laseNtshonalanga ngosomlando babelungu, yaphendukezelwa. Labo somlando bayakufihla ukuthi amabutho kaZulu avela eNatali nabaTlokwa yiwona ayengaphezulu kude kwaweSilo uCetshwayo enyakatho yoThukela noMzinyathi. Bayakufihla futhi ukuthi ukuba amabutho abaTlokwa namaZulu aseNatali ayenqobile, umbuso wamaNgisi wawungeke uzihluphe ngisho nangokudubula njengoba naseMaqonqo ngowe-1840 amabutho amaBhunu ayeholwa ngu-Andries Pretorius engazange adubule kodwa abukela amaZulu ebulalana wodwa wona eme le kude. NaseNdondakusuka ngowe-1856 amabutho amaNgisi ayeholwa nguJohn Dunn aze azimbandakanya nempi ngoba sekusobala ukuthi ekaMntwana uCetshwayo idla umhlanganiso. Ngakho-ke umlando wamaZulu kudingeka ubhalwe yiwo amaZulu ewubhalela amaZulu ngolimi lwesiZulu njengoba izizwe zenza emhlabeni jikelele.


text:
Iqembu le Afrosoul elihlanganise abantu abathathu okungu Sabelo Ngema oyindodana kaMbongeni Ngema,Surgent Malishe,kanye nentokazi yasoThongathi uThandeka Zulu odume kakhulu kumdlalo kamabonakude “Uzalo” bakhiphe ingoma ethi “inkomo yami”esiphenduke ukudla kwasekuseni nasemini nantambama eMsakazweni eyahlukahlukene kanjalo nasezinkundleni zokuxhumana, lengoma i-Afrosoul iyishaya ngokuhlanganyela nesihlabani sikaMaskandi uKhuzani “indlamlenze “Mpungose.
USabelo Ngema ekhuluma naleliphephandaba osukwini lwayizolo ucacisile ngale ngoma yabo “inkomo yami”nalapho eveze khona ukuthi intombi ifike ithandane nabafana abaningi ekugcineni isiyadideka ukuthi empeleni ubani lona oyikhulelisile isihamba zonke indawo ifuna inkomo yehlawulo”,lengoma mfethu icacisa ngokungaziphathi kahle kwentombi nayo egcina idideka ekutheni ubani oyonile,iqala kangcobo,iyekanxumalo manje ifika kumina nami futhi ngiyayiphika ngithi ayiye kozama kwezinye izindawo ngoba mina akukho engihlanganisa nakho mhlampe izogcina imtholile umfana omonile,”kusho uNgema.
UNgema uphinde wathi bakhethe uKhuzani Mpungose kulengoma ngoba bayazi ukuthi ungumuntu owuthandayo umsebenzi,uzimisele,kanti futhi nentsha eningi iyamlandela,”sihlangane ngo 2014 noKhuzani sajwayelana sihamba imicimbi eyahlukahlukene naye ,sibe sesimcela ukuthi khona ingoma esithanda ukuthi ayikhiphe nathi akacithanga sikhathi wasukumela phezulu njengoba wagibela ibhanoyi wafika la eThekwini,ingoma sayiqeda nje ngosuku olulodwa,”kusho uNgema.
Leliqembu le Afrosoul liphinde laqopha umlando kulonyaka liyomela iTheku kumcimbi omkhulu we Essence Festival phesheya kwezilwandle e-United State of America e-New Orleans,nalapho khona bafike bagila izimanga nokuhambo lolu uNgema aluchaze njengempumelelo yabo.
I-Afrosoul iphinde yaqinisekisa ukuthi Abathandi baleliqembu bazobhema bakholwe ngoDecember njengoba umcimbi oba minyaka yonke “Tongaat Beach Festival”nakulonyaka ozoba khona nalapho khona uNgema ewuchaze njengozoba sezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu,”kulonyaka sizoba nawo umcimbi “Tongaat Beach Festival”sisahlela zonke izinto abaxhasi abanye sesibatholile engabala Sport and Recreation, sisazama futhi abanye ukuthi bebe yingxenye,kanti ngaqinisekisa ukuthi kulonyaka abaculi esizoba nabo uDj Happy Gal,Naime kay,Khuzani Mpungose,Mbuso Khoza,kanti abanye abakaqinisekisi kodwa sisabazama,”kusho uNgema
Kulonyaka lomcimbi uzobe uhanjelwe uMazwi odl


text:
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Ihlolwe futhi Ukusebenza:
2019/02/22
Kugcine kithi, Sicela wabelane lesi sihloko, Clash Of Clans Hack And Cheats, uma leli thuluzi isebenzaAmathegi: Ukungqubuzana kwamaqembu Hack