text:
Mayelana nesikhathi eside
Product
- Izibani Zomuthi Wesundu
Izibani ezingama-48W Palm Tree Up zilungele amakhaya, amahhotela, amakilabhu ezwe, izakhiwo zebhizinisi, amapaki futhi cishe zonke izicelo zokukhanyisa izihlahla zesundu. Ingasetshenziswa njengomuthi wesundu okhanyayo, ukukhanya okuphansi noma womabili ngasikhathi sinye. Izibani ezimise okwezindandatho ukukhanyisa izihlahla zesundu ebusuku, Khanyisa umhlaba wakho! Ngosayizi ohlukile wobubanzi nama-watts avela ku-12W-72W Palm Tree Up Lights Zonke izingxenye ziyi-aluminium futhi ngeke zigqwale zishiya isihlahla singalimele i-IP65 engenamanzi, ingilazi e-Tempered AC100-250V noma i-AC / DC 24V CREE 3030 i-LED Ngaphakathi Okumhlophe Okufudumele, Imvelo emhlophe, Epholile Okumhlophe, okubomvu, okuluhlaza okotshani, okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, okuphuzi, okusagolide, ukushintsha kwe-RGB, i-DMX512 8, 15, 30,60 ukukhanya kwe-beam angle kuyatholakala
- Izibani Zendandatho Yesundu
Izibani ezimise okwezindandatho zokukhanyisa izihlahla zesundu ebusuku, Izibani zePalm Tree Ring zilungele amakhaya, amahhotela, amakilabhu asezweni, izakhiwo zebhizinisi, amapaki cishe zonke izicelo zokukhanyisa izihlahla zesundu. Ingasetshenziswa njengomuthi wesundu okhanyayo, ukukhanya okukhanyayo noma womabili ngasikhathi sinye Ngosayizi wobubanzi ohlukile nama-watts kusuka ku-12W-72W Zonke izingxenye ziyi-aluminium futhi ngeke zigqwale zishiya isihlahla singalimele i-IP65 engenamanzi, ingilazi enomoya AC100-250V noma i-AC / I-DC 24V CREE 3030 I-LED Ngaphakathi Okumhlophe Okufudumele, Imvelo emhlophe, Okupholile Okumhlophe, Okubomvu, Okuluhlaza Okotshani, Okuphuzi, Okuphuzi, Okusagolide, Ukushintsha kwe-RGB, i-DMX512 8, 15, 30,60 engela yokukhanya etholakalayo iyatholakala
- Indandatho Yokukhanyisa Isihlahla Sesundu
Izibani ezimise okwezindandatho zokukhanyisa izihlahla zesundu ebusuku, amasongo wokukhanyisa izihlahla zePalm zilungele amakhaya, amahhotela, amakilabhu ezwe, izakhiwo zebhizinisi, amapaki futhi cishe zonke izicelo zokukhanyisa izihlahla zesundu. Ingasetshenziswa njengomuthi wesundu okhanyayo, ukukhanya okuphansi noma womabili ngasikhathi sinye Ngosayizi ohlukile wobubanzi nama-watts kusuka kwindandatho yokukhanyisa izihlahla ze-12W-72W Palm Zonke izinto ziyi-aluminium futhi ngeke zigqwale zishiya umuthi ungalimazi IP65 ingangeni manzi, ingilazi enomoya omnene i-AC100- I-250V noma i-AC / DC 24V CREE 3030 i-LED Ngaphakathi Okumhlophe Okufudumele, Imvelo emhlophe, Okupholile Okumhlophe, Okubomvu, Okuluhlaza Okotshani, Okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, Ophuzi, Osagolide, Okuguqukayo kwe-RGB, i-DMX512 8, 15, 30,60 ukukhanya kwe-beam angle kuyatholakala
- Ingadi Spike Light
Ukukhanya kwe-Spike Light, Uma ukukhanya kwe-landscape kupenda ngokukhanya, amalambu we-spike engadini ayimabhulashi. Amalambu ama-Spike asetshenziselwa ukugcizelela ekukhanyeni kwangaphandle - ukunaka izici ezithile zokwakha noma zokwakheka komhlaba. Ngokungafani nezibani zezikhukhula ezikhanyisa indawo ebanzi, izibani ezinemishayo emincane ukuze zikwazi ukugxila entweni eyodwa ngasikhathi.
- Uchungechunge lwe-Inground Uplight AS
I-Inground Uplight, i-LED Inground Lights ne-landscape i-LED yokukhanyisa ifektri e-China, ukwenziwa kwe-Outdoor LED Spotlight, i-LED Wall Washer, i-Fountain LED Lights
- Uchungechunge lwe-Inground Lights AR
I-Inground Lights AR Series ne-AR COB Series, i-AR ingakhetha kusuka ku-8 Degrees kuya ku-120 degrees beam angle. Kepha i-AR COB nge-120 degree engaguquguquki ebanzi ye-beam angle. Isebenzisela indawo ehlukile yokwakheka komhlaba.
- Izibani ze-LED Inground AE Series
Izibani ze-LED Inground & landscape imboni yokukhanyisa ye-LED eChina, ukwenziwa kwe-Outdoor LED Spotlight, i-LED Wall Washer, i-Fountain LED Lights
- Uchungechunge lwe-LED Lights In-ground
Ingights LED Lights & landscape LED lighting factory in China, manufacturing of Outdoor LED Spotlight, LED Wall Washer, Fountain LED Lights
- LED Wall Washers WW15 Series
I-LED Wall Washers WW15 Series isizukulwane esilandelayo sochungechunge lwe-washer chungechunge olwenziwe ngokusebenza okwandisiwe, ukusebenza kahle, ukukhishwa kokukhanya, nezinketho eziningi zokulawula. Uchungechunge lwe-WW15 lulungele ukusetshenziswa kwangaphandle kokuwashwa kodonga futhi lungalawulwa ngokuzimela ngaphandle kwesilawuli se-DMX ngemibala elula nemiphumela yokushintsha imibala. Ukulawulwa kwe-DMX kungakhethwa kokuhlelwa kokukhanyisa okuthuthukile nemibala ethile. Umshini usebenza kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ze-hardwire ze-DC24V, 120V noma 277V AC.
- I-Wall Washer LED WW10 Uchungechunge
I-Wall Washer LED WW10 Series isizukulwane esilandelayo sochungechunge lwe-washer chungechunge olwenziwe ngokusebenza okwandisiwe, ukusebenza kahle, ukukhishwa kokukhanya, nezinketho eziningi zokulawula. Uchungechunge lwe-WW10 lufanele izicelo zangaphandle zokuwashwa kodonga futhi lungalawulwa ngokuzimela ngaphandle kwesilawuli se-DMX ngemibala elula nemiphumela yokushintsha imibala. Ukulawulwa kwe-DMX kungakhethwa kokuhlelwa kokukhanyisa okuthuthukile nemibala ethile. Umshini usebenza kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ze-hardwire ze-DC24V, 120V noma 277V AC.
- Izibani Zewall Wall WW8 Series
Uchungechunge lwe-WW8 yisizukulwane esilandelayo sochungechunge lwe-washer chungechunge olwenziwe ngokusebenza okwandisiwe, ukusebenza kahle, ukukhishwa kokukhanya, nezinketho eziningi zokulawula. Uchungechunge lwe-WW8 lulungele ukusetshenziswa kwangaphandle kokuwashwa kodonga futhi lungalawulwa ngokuzimela ngaphandle kwesilawuli se-DMX ngemibala elula nemiphumela yokushintsha imibala. Ukulawulwa kwe-DMX kungakhethwa kokuhlelwa kokukhanyisa okuthuthukile nemibala ethile. Umshini usebenza kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ze-hardwire ze-DC24V, 120V noma 277V AC.
- LED Wall Washer WW7 Series
I-WW7 isizukulwane esilandelayo sochungechunge lwe-washer series olwenziwe ngokusebenza okwandisiwe, ukusebenza kahle, ukukhishwa kokukhanya, nezinketho eziningi zokulawula. Uchungechunge lwe-WW7 lufanele izicelo zangaphandle zokuwashwa kodonga futhi lungalawulwa ngokuzimela ngaphandle kwesilawuli se-DMX ngemibala elula nemiphumela yokushintsha imibala. Ukulawulwa kwe-DMX kungakhethwa kokuhlelwa kokukhanyisa okuthuthukile nemibala ethile. Umshini usebenza kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ze-hardwire ze-DC24V, 120V noma 277V AC.
- Izibani Zokubhukuda
Izibani zamachibi okubhukuda & ifektri yokukhanyisa ye-LED eChina, ukwenziwa kwe-Outdoor LED Spotlight, i-LED Wall Washer, i-Fountain LED Lights, Le nto ngentengo yokuncintisana kakhulu ne-6W, 9W, 12W, 15W, 18W kanye ne-24W Izibani zamachibi okubhukuda.
- Izibani Zephuli Langaphakathi
I-in-ground Pool Lights nefektri yokukhanyisa kwe-LED eChina, umkhiqizi we-Outdoor LED Spotlight, i-LED Wall Washer, amalambu okubhukuda
- I-Par56 LED Pool Lights
Sinezinhlobo ezi-3 zamalambu echibini le-Par56 LED anempahla ehlukile. Kungaba isilawuli kude kumbala wephupho le-RGB noma uyiyeke ishintshe umbala ngokuzenzakalela. Isikhathi eside kakhulu sempilo enewaranti yeminyaka emi-3
- Izibani ze-Pool ze-LED Uchungechunge
Izibani ze-Pool ze-LED ziyaziwa ngokusebenza kwazo kahle, Imibala ehlukahlukene ingakhiqizwa ngaphandle kokudinga ukusebenzisa okokuhlunga okwengeziwe. Izibani zamachibi e-LED zihlala isikhathi eside kakhulu futhi nenani lezikhathi lapho zicinywa khona futhi zivulwa, isenzo esivame kakhulu kwizibani zamanzi, asinamphumela empilweni yazo ewusizo. Singafinyelela noma imuphi umbala sisebenzisa ingxube yesilawuli se-DMX512.
- I-LED Flexible DRL Light Bar
I-LED Flexible DRL Light Bar into enelungelo lobunikazi. Kuyisitayela sokumila senyoka, i-Osram 5050 LED ngaphakathi. ingagoba lapho ufuna khona. Idizayini yokubukeka eyingqayizivele, idizayini iphefumulelwe "inyoka yobudlwangudlwangu" Ukufakwa okunamandla, isebenzisa umthombo wokukhanya wamandla we-LED ongenisiwe, i-lampshade isebenzisa i-lens ye-condenser ukuze kukhishwe ukukhanya okunamandla, idizayini eyingqayizivele, ingagotshwa ama-degree angama-360 ukufakwa ezinhlangothini ezahlukahlukene; Ububanzi obubanzi bufanele indawo eyinkimbinkimbi yokufakwa kwemoto; ingemuva ifakwe okunamathelayo okunamacala amabili kungenziwa kunamathiselwe, futhi izinhlangothi zombili zomzimba wesibani zifakwe izimbobo zesikulufa ukukhiya izikulufu. Umzimba wesibani uvaliwe futhi awunamanzi. Ibanga elingangenwa ngamanzi IP67
- Ibha yokukhanya ye-COB ye-LED
I-COB LED Light Bar, ama-Chips ebhodini le-aluminium, isikhathi eside kakhulu sokuphila nokuncipha kokukhanya okuphansi, i-luminescence ifana kakhulu, ivikela amehlo, futhi ayikhanyi
- I-240V ye-LED Neon Linear
I-240V ye-LED Neon Linear - Isikhanyisi esikhanyayo se-LED esikhanyayo sangaphandle sokukhanyisa okwenziwe ngobuningi obunokufana nobungenachashazi. Ubungcweti obulethwe yile mizila yokukhanya ebushelelezi engu-2 buvule iminyango emisha ekwakhiweni kokukhanyisa obekungatholakali kunoma yiziphi izibani emuva ngaleso sikhathi. Umugqa wethu we-neon we-LED uzuza ngokushesha ukuqashelwa kochwepheshe bokuklama ukukhanyisa kanye nochwepheshe benkambu - okuvame ukukopishwa, akukaze kulinganiswe.
- I-110V ye-LED Neon Linear
I-110V LED Neon Linear. Eminyakeni edlule, siqoqe okokufaka nemibono evela kubakhi bezibani, abakhi bezakhiwo, onjiniyela. sithuthukise Umbala weqiniso. Umbala weqiniso uyisikhanyiso se-LED usebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obusha be-polyurethane encapsulation obunikeza ukuvikelwa kwe-IP67 ingress kuhlanganiswe nokuhumusha okuhle kwe-spectrum ye-LED, okugwema noma yikuphi ukushintshwa kwe-CCT: Umbala Weqiniso. Itholakala ngezinhlobo ezi-2. I-Top View yokuqala ebizwa nge-Top View ithatha izinhlelo zokusebenza ezimbozwe ngumanduleli wayo we-2D egoba ngokuya endaweni ekhanyayo. Ukwahluka kwesibili kunweba imingcele yokwakhiwa kokukhanyisa ngokunikeza ulayini wokukhanya ofanayo ongasontwa noma ugoqwe ngobukhulu be-3 (3D) ukulandela noma yimaphi amajika akhona emiqondweni yesimanje yokwakha. Kokubili Okuphezulu
- Izibani Zomshini Womshini we-CNC
I-CNC Machine Work Lights iqinisekisa iminyaka yokusebenza ngaphandle kwesondlo ngezindleko ezincishisiwe, ukubonakala okuthuthukisiwe kokuhlolwa okubukwayo komuntu, futhi kuholele ekwenzeni ngcono ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo nokukhiqiza. Izibani ze-LED zithatha indawo yama-fluorescents kalula ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kwesiteshi somsebenzi futhi kunciphise ukushintshwa, ukulungiswa kanye nezindleko zamandla jikelele. Izibani Zomshini Womshini we-CNC, ukukhiqizwa kokukhanyisa kwezezimboni kanye nezicelo zamathuluzi omshini. Sifaka izibani zomshini wezimboni ze-LED ezilungele izindawo ezinzima zesitolo somshini. isitayela se-tubular, isitayela esishumekiwe esindayo semisebenzi yamalambu e-LED aqinile futhi alungele imishini yokuhlanza imishini - emelana namanzi, uwoyela, okokupholisa namanye amakhemikhali. Abakaki be-Universal mounting sliding bavumela ukufakwa kokukhanya okulula kokusebenza eziteshini zomsebenzi zomshini we-CNC. Uma ungayiboni i-CNC Machine Work Light leyo
- Amabili emaceleni CNC Machine Ukukhanyisa
Amabili asemaceleni we-CNC Machine Lighting aqinisekisa iminyaka yokusebenza ngaphandle kwesondlo ngezindleko ezincishisiwe, ukubonakala okuthuthukile kokuhlolwa okubukwayo komuntu, futhi kuholele ekwenzeni ngcono ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo nokukhiqiza. Izibani ze-LED zithatha indawo yama-fluorescents kalula ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kwesiteshi somsebenzi futhi kunciphise ukushintshwa, ukulungiswa kanye nezindleko zamandla jikelele. Amabili emaceleni we-CNC Machine Lighting, ukukhiqizwa kokukhanyisa kwezezimboni kanye nezicelo zamathuluzi omshini. Sifaka izibani zomshini wezimboni ze-LED ezilungele izindawo ezinzima zesitolo somshini. isitayela se-tubular, isitayela esishumekiwe esindayo semisebenzi yamalambu e-LED aqinile futhi alungele imishini yokuhlanza imishini - emelana namanzi, uwoyela, okokupholisa namanye amakhemikhali. Abakaki be-Universal mounting sliding bavumela ukufakwa kokukhanya okulula kokusebenza eziteshini zomsebenzi zomshini we-CNC. Uma ungaboni i-CNC Machine Work
- Izibani ze-Tube LED CNC Work Work
Izibani zomsebenzi we-Tube LED CNC ziqinisekisa iminyaka yokusebenza ngaphandle kwesondlo ngezindleko ezincishisiwe, ukubonakala okuthuthukile kokuhlolwa okubukwayo komuntu, futhi kuholele ekwenzeni ngcono ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo nokukhiqiza. Amalambu e-LED ashintsha kalula ama-fluorescents wokusebenza okuthuthukile kwesiteshi sokusebenza kanye nokwehlisa ukushintshwa, ukulungiswa kanye nezindleko zamandla jikelele. Izibani ze-Tube LED CNC Machine Work, ukukhiqizwa kokukhanyisa kwezezimboni kanye nezicelo zamathuluzi omshini. Sifaka izibani zomshini wezimboni ze-LED ezilungele izindawo ezinzima zesitolo somshini. isitayela se-tubular, isitayela esishumekiwe esindayo semisebenzi yamalambu e-LED aqinile futhi alungele imishini yokuhlanza imishini - emelana namanzi, uwoyela, okokupholisa namanye amakhemikhali. Abakaki be-Universal mounting sliding bavumela ukufakwa kokukhanya okulula kokusebenza eziteshini zomsebenzi zomshini we-CNC. Uma ungayiboni i-CNC
- Lamp LED Ukuze CNC Machine
Lamp LED Ukuze CNC Machine, B0012-22WL44 nge CE EMC isitifiketi. Ukuzinza okuthe xaxa, okungacwayizi komshini wamathuluzi we-CNC, i-CNC Machine LED Lamp iqinisekisa iminyaka yokusebenza ngaphandle kwesondlo ngezindleko ezincishisiwe, ukubonakala okuthuthukile kokuhlolwa okubukwayo komuntu, futhi kuholele ekwenzeni ngcono ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo nokukhiqiza. Amalambu e-LED ashintsha kalula ama-fluorescents wokusebenza okuthuthukile kwesiteshi sokusebenza kanye nokwehlisa ukushintshwa, ukulungiswa kanye nezindleko zamandla jikelele. Izibani zomsebenzi we-LED zemishini ye-CNC, ukukhiqizwa kokukhanyisa kwezezimboni kanye nezicelo zamathuluzi omshini. Sifaka izibani zomshini wezimboni ze-LED ezilungele izindawo ezinzima zesitolo somshini. isitayela se-tubular, isitayela esishumekiwe esindayo semisebenzi yamalambu e-LED aqinile futhi alungele imishini yokuhlanza imishini - emelana namanzi, uwoyela, okokupholisa namanye amakhemikhali. Ukuslayida okuvamile
Izindaba
- “IThuna” lesibani se-incandescent, umgwaqo oya emthonjeni omusha wokukhanya wamalambu e-LEDIdethi: 09 / 10 / 2021
Ngemuva kuka-Edison, owayengamele imakethe yenhlokodolobha, ama-bulbs akhiqizwa ngobuningi, ukusetshenziswa kwama-bulbs kwangena enkathini yenqubekela phambili esheshayo. Ngokuya ngemininingwane yocwaningo eshicilelwe nguFouquet noPearson, njengoba si ...
- Ukukhanya kwekusasa kuyi-Laser Lighting noma i-OLED Lighting?Idethi: 24 / 08 / 2018
Kukhona okwamanje izinhlobo ezimbili eziyisisekelo zamadivayisi okukhanyisa isimo esiqinile: i-LED, i-OLED. I-LED yamanje iyingqayizivele kakhulu (cishe i-millimeter eyodwa yesikwele) futhi ikhanya kakhulu. Njengoba ithuthukiswe mayelana ...
- Ukumenyezelwa kwegama leNkampani UkushintshaIdethi: 04 / 06 / 2018
Amakhasimende Athandekayo Ayigugu, Abahlinzeki, kanye nozakwethu bebhizinisi; Kusukela ngoJuni 2th 2018, siyajabula ukumemezela ukuthi siguqula igama lenkampani yethu libe yi: LongNor Optoelectronics Co, Limited Yethu ...
- Indlela eya esikhathini esizayo sama-Greener-tube LED ukukhanyaIdethi: 15 / 12 / 2016
Nakuba ukuthanda kwethu ukugesi kuqhubeka nokwanda, kanjalo nokuqaphela kwethu isidingo sokwandisa ukusebenza kwayo. Indawo eyodwa lapho yonke ibhizinisi lebhizinisi lalingakwazi ukuhlanganisa kuphela ...
- Ulwazi lokukhanyisa kwe-LEDIdethi: 15 / 12 / 2016
I-Light Emitting Diode (LED) iyisetshenziswa se-semiconductor esenza ugesi lube lula. Ukukhanyisa kwe-LED kuye kwaba khona kusukela ku-1960s, kodwa manje sekuqala ukuvela emakethe okuhlala ...
Solutions
I-LED Neon Flex ye-Casino ye-BingoI-LED Neon Flex yeBingo Casino ...


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U-Abierto uvule incwadi ebomvu ebomvu nomngcele oluhlaza-MYI008
Imininingwane yomkhiqizo
Amathegi womkhiqizo
UMKHIQIZO Isici:
Zonke izimpawu zethu zenziwe ngezinto ezinobungani ukuze kusizakale ukuvikela imvelo.Sebenzisa i-LED ehlala isikhathi eside ezohlinzeka ngamahora afinyelela ku-100,000.
1.Injection Isikhunta.
2.Imibala Ehlukahlukene Ehlanganisiwe Ebukiswayo.
3. Ukubonakala Okuhle Kakhulu, Ngisho Nasemini.
4. Voltage Ephansi Led.
5. Safe & Luhlala Isikhathi Eside.
6. Igobolondo lesikwele, liqinile ngokwengeziwe.
7. Isivivinyo esikhethekile kumakilabhu amabhizinisi aphezulu, amahhotela, amahhotela, imiphakathi.
- Yenza ngokwezifiso inhlanganisela yakho yemibala ebonakalayo ukuze ifane nomkhiqizo wakho, ilogo, uphawu lwesitolo noma umcimbi; ungaguqula imibala yomngcele & "Vula" ngawodwana
- Lawula nge-Remote Key Fob… setha isikhathi sokuvula noma ukucisha ngesilawuli se-fob key noma iphaneli engemuva
- 4 Function Fun… bamba ukunakwa ngokushesha, lolu phawu oluvulekile lwe-LED lunikeza i- “Static”, “Scroll”, “Colour-Scroll” & “Flash & Phase” - yokujaha umbala okunamandla nokukhanya
- Usuku olukhanyayo no Knight… ezinye izimpawu ezivulekile ze-LED zamabhizinisi azibonakali kalula emini, kepha lolu phawu oluvulekile olukhanyayo lukhanya kakhulu
- Izindleko eziphansi, Ukugcinwa okuphansi… ngokungafani nezimpawu ezivulekile ze-neon, ama-LED alungile futhi akhohlwa, futhi anamandla amancane okusetshenziswa; sebenzisa ngaphakathi, iza namaketanga nezingwegwe zokulungisa
- S ISIMPAWU SOKUVULA SE-HORIZONTAL NEON OPEN) - Lesi isibonakaliso se-neon OPEN esivundlile se-LED, iphethini lezimpawu elikhanyayo kakhulu elithi "Vula".
- (I-ULTRA BRIGHT & ENERGY EFFICIENT) - Lesi sibonakaliso esivulekile se-neon se-LED esinomugqa wokukhanya osezingeni eliphakeme sikhanyisa ngokukhanya okunamandla, singabonakala kalula kusuka ebangeni elingaphezu kwamamitha ayi-100, okwenza kube lula kumakhasimende ukubona isitolo sakho, ibha, ihhotela, noma ngaphambili kwewindi.
- ER IPHIMELA LOKWENZA LOKUPHAKATHI KWAKHULU (- Lenziwe ngezinto ezibonakalayo ze-PVC, lolu phawu oluvulekile lwe-neon luyamelana nelangabi futhi aligqoki. Izinto eziguqukayo ze-PVC ezinokukhanya okuphezulu kokukhanya kwenza ukukhanya kungene kunamandla nokukhanya kufane ngokwengeziwe.
- (KULULA UKUFAKA NOKUSEBENZISA) - Isibonakaliso esivulekile se-neon esivulekile se-LED siza nochungechunge lokulenga ne-adaptha yamandla. Mane nje uxhume bese ulenga uphawu lwakho olukhanyayo lwe-LED, bese uqala ukubona imiphumela.
- AP ISICELO SONKE) - Uphawu lwe-neon OPEN lubekwe kuhlaka oluqinile futhi lufanele udonga noma iwindi elenga. Ilungele amabhizinisi okuthengisa nezinsizakalo, izindawo zokudla, imigoqo, izitolo, amawindi, izindonga nokunye okuningi.

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West Oakland Master Bedroom in Renovated Old House
Ikamelo e-ikhaya eliyindawo yokuhlala ibungazwe ngu-Keith
Isivakashi esiyi- 1, ikamelo lokulala 1, umbhede ongu-1, Igumbi lokugeza elihlanganyelwayo eliyi-1
Ukuhlanza Okwenziwe Ngcono
Lo mbungazi uzibophezele enqubweni yokuhlanza ethuthukisiwe yezinyathelo ezingu-5 ye-Airbnb.
Umbungazi osemnkantsh'ubomvu
U-Keith unokuphawula okungu-571 kwezinye izindawo.
Lokho ozokuthola kule ndawo
Ikhishi
I-Wifi
I-TV
Ikhokhelwe umshini wokuwasha
Imahhala umshini wokomisa
I-Hair dryer
Indawo ebekelwe ukusebenza
Ukuhlala isikhathi eside kuvunyelwe
Amakhamera ezokuvikeleka endlini
ukubukeza okungu-2
Lapho uzobe ukhona
Oakland, California, i-United States
- Ukubukeza okungu-573
- Ubuwena buqinisekisiwe
I'm an experienced airbnb'r from both sides. I started hosting right when Airbnb started in 2009! When I travel I enjoy staying locally rather than a hotel and I love having the opportunity to host people from around the world from my hometown.
I'm an experienced airbnb'r from both sides. I started hosting right when Airbnb started in 2009! When I travel I enjoy staying locally rather than a hotel and I love having the op…
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text:
Inja isilwane sasekhaya esibaluleke kakhulu, ngoba igada ukuphepha ekhaya kanye nemfuyo ekugcina isifana nensila yasekhaya. Kunezinkolelo eziningi abantu abazibhekayo ezimayelana nenja noma nento eyenziwa inja ngesikhathi esithile ekhaya. Kuthiwa uma kunento ekhona ekhaya egcekeni ebusuku, kuzwakala ngenja ikhonkotha ingayeki ukuxwayisa abomuzi ngekubonayo baze baphume babheke.
Uma kunemimoya emibi noma isipoki izwakala inja isishaya umkhulungwane igcwale igceke lonke, bese bephuma abasekhaya bachele ngentelezi noma bashunqise inyamazane.
Uma kuzoba nesifo ekhaya inja ike ibonakale imba umgodi egcekeni, ishawe kodwa iqhubeke imbe kwenye indawo. Kwabaziyo ngalenkolelo abanye bayahamba baye kohlola isifo sinqandeke. Noma kungadlula lokho isengaphinda uma kuzoba khona omunye umuntu ozoshona emndenini.
Kuthiwa akufuneki ukuthi inja ishaye umkhulungwane uma sekungena isidumbu ekhaya ngoba ngemuva kokuthi kuthuniwe kwaqedwa lokho kuchaza ukuthi kuzolandela omunye umuntu emndenini.
Kuthiwa akufuneki uma ilahlekile inja kunganakwa ekhaya, abomndeni kufanele bayifuna ize itholakale bese igqitshwa egcekeni noma endaweni efihlekile lapho abenzi bokubi bengeke bayithole kalula khona. Kunenkolelo yokuthi njengoba isifana nensila yekhaya bayakwazi abathakathi ukuthi babhubhise ngayo umndeni.
Inja uma izalele endlini lokho kusho isichitho esikhulu kulowomndeni. Ngokwesintu inja ayizaleli kwakhona endlini, ngaphandle uma ibika lokho.
Ngesinye isikhathi kuthiwa isuke ibika ukuthi kunomuthi owagqitshwa kuleyondlu mhlawumbe isakhiwa. Uma bekulandela lokhu bayakwazi ukusizakala ngokuthi balande inyanga ezobasiza ukukhipha lowomuthi.
Uma kulahleke umdlwane ekhaya ongakaboni, nalokho kuyakwazi ukubhubhisa wonke umndeni.
English Summary
These are beliefs that are associated with a dog. Beside the fact that dogs guard and protect families they are also taken as part of a family in a sense that certain dog behaviours people see them as warnings to their daily lives. Below is a list of those beliefs:
When a dog howls in the middle of the night it is believed that there are bad spirits around the yard, family members will use traditional medicine to sprinkle inside and outside of the house and burn some if a need arises.
A dog can also sense if someone is going to die, it can be found digging holes around the yard. It is said that this act can be reversed by consulting with a traditional healer.
If there is death in family and when the coffin enters the yard, if the dog howl that means another member of the family will die.
If it happens that a dog disappears or is found dead, family members should take it and bury it in a place where bad people will not be to have access on it. Because it is said they can use bad umuthi that can have negative effects to the family.
In Zulu culture a dog must not give birth inside the house, this is bad luck for the family. Another meaning will be that the dog symbolises a bad umuthi that was buried under the house when it was built. This can be undone by consulting a traditional healer.
By: Nelisiwe Hlongwane


text:
AbakwaMazibuko
AbakwaMazibuko bangaBaMbo Nguni, bayinzalo kaNtsele njengabantu bakwaZwane . Bazibiza ngenkosi yabo uMungwe, yingakho baziwa ngokuthi bangaMangwe noma abaseMangweni.Umlando uveza ukuthi abakwaMazibuko bahlobene eduze nabakwaZwane futhi kufanele ngabe abaganiselani ngoba ngokomlando bangabandawonye. Kunenkolelo yokuthi isibongo sakwaMazibuko saqhamuka ngemuva kwesiga sokulalana kwezingane zandawonye. Abaningi nokho bakwaMazibuko bayakuphika lokhu. Umlando wezibongo eziningi nokho uveza ukuthi kwakuyisiga esivamile lesi, futhi umphumela wawuvame ukuba wukuvela kwezibongo ezintsha emuva kwesiga leso.Umlando wokuzalana kwamakhosi esizwe sakwaMazibuko uyaphenyeka kuze kufike kuNtsele, owazala uMafu, yena owazala uNzima, owazala uLanga, owazala uMzila. UMzila yena kukholakala ukuthi wazala uNkobeni owaba namadodanaamabili uMashoba noMabuza.
Womabili la madodana aba nabantu abaholayo. UMashoba wazala uShoba noPhuthini.UMabuza wazala uKhondlo.AbakwaMazibuko babehlala eNgcaka endaweni engalapho osekuseVryheid manje, ngeminyaka ye-1800. Abadala bakwaMazibuko bathi bona kuleyo ndawo basuswa ngukuthi base beqhelukiswa, sekufanele kwakhe uMkabayi kaJama lapha okunguye okuthiwa wetha yonke leyo ndawo igama elithi kuseBaqulusini. Kukhona abathi uMashoba wayakhe eNquthu lapho basuswa khona impi yenkosi uShaka ngesikhathi seMfecane ngowe-1820, babaleka badonsa njalo baze bawela uThukela bafika eMangweni, bakha. EMangweni indawo ephansi kwezintaba zoKhahlamba, inkosi uPhuthini ayiqamba ngegama lenkosi endala uMangweni. Isizwe naso sabizwa ngegama lenkosi uMangweni kwathiwa aMangwe. AMangwe ahlukene kabili kukhona asePhasiwe bese kuba khona naseSandlwana. Kumanje kunenkosi yakwaZwane eyakhe khona eMangweni ngoba bezazi ukuthi bangaMangwe nabo. Abadala bakwaMazibuko bathi ubukhosi bukaPhuthini obafika eMangweni. UPhuthini wabe enomuzi phansi kwentaba iPhasiwe. Sengathi inkosi uPhuthini nguyena othanda ukugqama kakhudlwana emlandweni wamakhosi esibongo sakwaMazibuko.
Ziningi izindawo uPhuthini ahlala kuzo, walihamba kakhulu izwe elihlola futhi ebalekela izimpi zenkosi uShaka. Lokho kwakwenzeka kakhulu ngesikhathi inkosi uShaka ihlasela futhi inqoba ngenhloso yokwakha isizwe esikhulu samaZulu.Bukhona nobufakazi bokuthi kwaqhubeka lokhu nasemuva kokukhothama kweLembe sekubusa amakhosi oDingane noMpande. Kuthiwa uPhuthini esezohamba wavalelisa kumfowabo uKhondlo, owabe esemnika umphako wendlela owawuyinkunzi yenkomo egama layo kwakunguGwagwagwilika.Inkosi uPhuthini waba nomlando wokuba nyamanambana emakhosini akwaZulu ngoba wayengomunye walabo ababe nenyoni kayiphumuli, eyayithandwa kakhulu ebukhosini bakwaZulu. Kuthiwa inkosi uShaka wayeseke wazama kaningana ukumephuca lezi nkomo ngaphambi kokukhothama ngowe-1828. Lokhu kwaqhubeka kwaze kwaba isikhathisokubusa kwenkosi uDingane ngowe-1830, yena ongachithanga sikhathi, owavele wayihlasela inkosi uPhuthini.UGwagwalagwilika wamhola njalo uPhuthini emphephisa emabuthweni amakhosi akwaZulu, uShaka, noDingane noMpande. Inkosi uPhuthini yakhothama ngonyaka we-1860 khona eMangweni. Idlinza layo likhona phansikwentaba iPhasiwe.
uGwagwagwilika::
Kwabe kuyinkunzi eyabe iyisipho senkosi uPhuthini esasivela kumfowabo uKhondlo. Kuthiwa le nkunzi yayibhilwe ngemithi okwenza ukuthi igcine seyifana nesangoma. Abadala bakwaMazibuko bathi yayiluphawu lwesizwe sabakwaMazibuko ababebona ngayo uma bezohlaselwa. Phela yayivele ibhonge iphume esibayeni, bese beyilandela babaleke bathuthe kuleyo ndawo. Ngokubhonga kwayo yayisuke ibika ukuthi impi isisondele. Impi yezitha ebizohlasela yayifika sekukhala ibhungane, bese idubela emaqhugwaneni iwashise. Kwakuthi lapho uGwagwagwilika efike walala khona phansi abakwaMazibuko bafike bakhe kuleyo ndawo. UGwagwagwilika wayicaba njalo indlela kaPhuthini, waphunyuka njalo ekuhlaselweni nasekuphucweni izinkomo zakhe.
UMabuza ::
Umfowabo kaMashoba uMabuza yena wazala uKhondlo wezimanga. UKhondlo wayemdala kakhulu kuPhuthini. Phela uKhondlo lo kwakuyinyanga enkulu yeSilo sakwaNodwengu, uMpande ngeminyaka ephakathi kowe-1840 nowe-1850.UKhondlo nguyena owayethaka adidiyele izintelezi ezazisetshenziswa amabutho ngezikhathi zempi. Wayedume kakhulu ngamakhubalo nangemilingo ayekusebenzisa namathambo lapho ebhula. Kuthiwa uKhondlo wayelapha ngokugwilizisa umuntu esizibeni sakhe esasibizwa ngesiziba sikaKhondlo, esinamanzi ayaluzayo. Umuntu onokuphithana kwekhanda noma ukugula kwanhloboni wayephuma esephile qingqo.
Izigemegeme ZikaKhondlo::
Njengoba sesiphawulile, esizibeni sikaKhondlo umuntu wayephuma esephilile noma ngabe ubenakufa kuni. Kuthiwa uKhondlo wayenganqeni ukwendlala isicephu phezu kwamanzi esiziba, singadudulwa amanzi, sivele sime singanyakazi,uKhondlo aguqe kuso bese ephonsa amathambo phezu kwaso abhule, kodwa angacwili. UKhondlo wayeke angene esizibeni nesikhuni sivutha ahlale izinsuku, aphume sisavutha. Le migilingwane akungatshazwa ukuthi hleze yayethusa inkosi uMpande, yabona kungcono ukuba ithumele kuKhondlo ukuba afike kuyo ngokushesha.
Phela inkosi uMpande yayinesiqiniseko sokuthi ngeke uKhondlo awelele ngale komfula kwazise wawudla izindwane. Ngokuphazima kwesowatheleka uKhondlo njengokusho kwenkosi uMpande ngoba lalingaweli phansi izwi lenkosi. Inkosi uMpande yambuza ukuthi uwele kanjani. Ngaleso senzo uKhondlo wabe esethola izibongo ezithi:
“Wena owawela ngezihlenga zomfula“
Ongawelanga ngamazibuko ngoba umfula
ugcwele”.
AbakwaMazibuko base bethola izithakazelo ezintsha ngaleyo ndlela.
Ukwehlukana Kobukhosi BasePhasiwe NobaseSandlwana::
Inkosi uPhuthini wabusa eside isikhathi futhi enamadodana amaningi, UMphikeleli uyena okwakufanele abuse ngemuva kukaPhuthini kodwa akabange esabusa ngoba wayesegugile ngenxa yakho njalo ukuthi uyise wayephile iminyaka eminingi futhi wabusa isikhathi eside. UMphikeleli waba namadodana amabili angamawele uManzezulu noGadeleni. Inkosi eyalandela ngokubusa kwaba uManzezulu. UMphikeleli wayemyalile uManzezulu ukuthi uma esebuse iminyakana ethize adlulisele kumfowabo izintambo zobukhosi ngoba bamuntu munye. UManzezulu akayenzanga intando kayise yokuba ashiyele umfowabo uGadeleni ubukhosi kodwa yena wabushiyela uLukazi owabe eyindodana yakhe. Ngenxa yalokhu kwabe sekuqala uthuthuva nombango phakathi kwamawele. Kwaba ukuphuma kukaGadeleni ePhasiwe, ehamba nabalandeli bakhe baze bazinza phansi kwentaba iSandlwana bude buduze nalapho okusenedolobha laseNquthu. Lokhu kwenzeka ngonyaka we-1882.
Ubukhosi BaseSandlwana:
UGadeleni wafikela enkosini yakwaNgobese, uSihayo okunguyena owahamba wayomkhonzela enkosini uCetshwayo. Inkosi uCetshwayo yamsikela indawo ebhekile impela nje ngoba nakhu phela ephuma ebukhosini benkosi uPhuthini. Ngonyaka we-1906 uGadeleni wabe eseyinkosi ezimele. Waqamba isizwe sakhe wathi Amangwe-Buthanani ngoba abantu bakwaMazibuko base behlakazekile, efuna babuye futhi bahlangane. UGadeleni wakhothama ngonyaka we-1916. Ngalesi sikhathi abantu bakwaMazibuko base besabalele izwe lonke kungakho kwaba nesidingo sokwanda kwamakhosi akwaMazibuko njengoba etholakala ezifundeni ezahlukene.Inkosi eyalandela kwaba uMampunga owabekwa esihlalweni sobukhosi ngonyaka we-1918. Njengokhokho wakhe uPhuthini, wabusa iminyaka eminingi impela nje ngoba waze wakhothama ngonyaka we-1954. UNdabakade yena wathatha izintambo zombuso waMangwe- Buthanani ngokukhothama kwenkosi uMampunga kwaze kwaba unyaka we-1956. Emuva kukaNdabakade kwabamba uNgqova isikhashana, kwathi emuva kwakhe kwabe sekubamba uMashisimpi kusukelangonyaka we-1964 kuya kowe-1993. Inkosi eyalandela kwaba uMbhekiseni Petros Mbangomuni Mazibuko owagcotshwangowezi-2009 kuZibandlela ziyishumi nesishiya galolunye, esifundeni saseMzinyathi.
Ondlunkulu bakwaMazibuko::
Njengoba bese siphawulile, ubukhosi bakwaMazibuko buhlukene kabili, kukhona obusePhasiwe nalobo obuseSandlwana.Njengoba kujwayelekile ukuba ebukhosini kube nesiqhoqho sondlunkulu, nasebukhosini bakwaMazibuko kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kuvamile ukuba amakhosi athathe ondlunkulu abaningana impela nje. Ebukhosini baseSandlwana, eNquthu inkosiuGadeleni yayinondlunkulu abayisikhombisa: uMaMsibi, uMaZulu, uMaHadebe, uMaMbhele, uMaMbhele, uMaZulu,noMaSingila. Ngeshwa akusakhumbuleki kahle ukwelamana kwabo ngokokwendela lapha ebukhosini bakwaMazibuko.Inkosi uMampunga yona yayiganwe ondlunkulu abane: uMaSgudu, uMaNgcobo, uMaNtshingila noMaMdakane. Inkosi uNdabakade yona yayinondlunkulu oyedwa, uMaButhelezi.Inkosi uMbhekiseni obusayo manje inondlunkulu oyedwa uMaNdwandwe.
Okuphawulekayo-ke ngondlunkulu basebukhosini bakwaMazibuko ukuthi izindlu azicacisiwe ngokuthi kuhlukaniswe indlunkulu, ikhohlwa neqadi njengoba bese sikesaphawula ukuthi abaningi bakwaMazibuko abasakhumbuli kahle ukuthi belamana kanjani ondlunkulu bamakhosi akhona.Ebukhosini basePhasiwe, eMangweni inkosi uPhuthini wayenondlunkulu abayisishiyagalombili kodwa azisakhunjulwaizibongo zabo. UManzezulu yena wayenondlunkulu oyedwa osibongo sakhe asisakhunjulwa. ULukazi wayenondlunkulu oyedwa, uMaShabalala. UMjwayeli waganwa uMaMbanjwa kuphela.Inkosi esanda kukhothama uSiphiwe waba nondlunkulu abayisithupha. Lapha bahlelwe ngokwelamana kwabo: MaZwane,MaMnculwane, MaKhuzwayo, MaMnculwane, MaBiyela noMaNdlela.
Amagama ezigodlo zakwaMazibuko::
Umuzi wenkosi ubizwa ngesigodlo futhi uqanjwa igama. Kuvamile ukuba kube nesizathu noma umlando ngokuqanjwa kwesigodlo ngegama elithile. Kwesinye isikhathi kuyenzeka isigodlo siqanjwe inkosi uqobo noma siqanjwe ngabantungalokho okujwayele ukwenzeka kulowo muzi.
EMangweni, ePhasiwe inkosi uPhuthini wayenezigodlo eziyisishiyagalombili, ngeshwa kodwa awasaziwa amagama azo.Kungokufanayo futhi nangezigodlo zamakhosi anjengoManzezulu, Lukazi, Mjwayeli, njalo njalo, awasakhunjulwa amagama ezigodlo zawo. USibhamu yena isigodlo sakhe kwakuthiwa iseMkhwaba. Okuqaphelekayo ngenkosi uSiphiwe ukuthi yize ondlunkulu babeyisithupha kodwa izigodlo zakhe zazintathu: eBhekizitha, eZwelinjani nakwaPhumuphele.ESandlwana inkosi uGadeleni wakha isigodlo sabizwa ngokuthi kuseNkungwini. Kusobala ukuthi ekuphumeni kwakhe ePhasiwe umqondo wakhe wawudidekile usenkungwini engazi nokuthi uyaphi, esakuleyo nkungu wazibona eseseSandlwana lapho afukanyelwa khona inkosi uSihayo. Kakumangalisi-ke uma esesikelwa indawo qede akhe isigodloathi iseNkungwini ngoba esakhe esadidekile ngokwakumehlele.IsiZulu siyasho ukuthi uma sekuzokusa kuba mnyama kakhulu. NakuGadeleni kubukeka sengathi kwaba yileso. Abanye banomqondo wokuthi igama elithi eNkungwini lavela ngenxa yokusolwa kukaGadeleni ngokufuna ukubusa naye. Ngenxayesenzo sakhe sokufuna ukubusa, isizwe saqembukelana phakathi. Phela bakhona labo ababethi akufanele abuse uGadeleni kanti abanye babethi uyena okufanele abuse.Inkosi uMampunga isigodlo sakhe sasibizwa ngokuthi kus`Osizini kodwa akuveli ukuthi kungani lesi sigodlo saqanjwakanje. Inkosi ekhotheme uNdabakade yayingasiqambanga isigodlo sayo.
Izindlu zobukhosi bakwaMazibuko::
Umlando wezindlu zobukhosi bakwaMazibuko usuka ebukhosini bamakhosi oMafu, Ntsele, Mangweni, Nzima, njalo njalo.Lapha sizothi qaphu qaphu nje ngezindlu zobukhosi bakwaMazibuko ukuze kuvele isithombe sokuthi busuka kuphi ubukhosi bakwaMazibuko.
UMangweni:
Inkosi uMangweni yaba nenhlanhla yokuba igama layo kuqanjwe ngalo isizwe sakwaMazibuko nesakwaZwane. Phela zombili lezi zizwe zazi ukuthi zingaMangwe. Indawo enkulu okugeleza kuyo umfula obizwa ngokuthi iNjisuthi ngaseMtshezi nayo yaqanjwa ngoMangweni kwathiwa kuseMangweni. Kuna nomtholampilo othololakala kule ndawo yaseMangweni obizwa ngokuthi iNjisuthi oqanjwe ngawo umfula……….Ngaphezu kwalokho kunesikole iMangweni naso esaqanjwa ngenhloso yokuhlonipha nokugcina umlando waMangwe.Kukholakala ukuthi iyona ndlu le eyinzalabantu yabantu bakwaZwane nabakwaMazibuko. Lezi zizwe zaziyingxenye yabantu abangabaMbo-Nguni. UMangweni, uNtsele, uMafu noNzima bake bahlala endaweni ebizwa ngokuthi kuseNgcaka.Nanamuhla busekhona ubukhosi nezizwe zakwaZwane noMazibuko kule ndawo. Kukhona ukuhlobana okukhulu phakathikwabantu bakwaMazibuko nabakwaZwane, lokhu kufakazelwa nayizithakazelo zakwaZwane lapho kuthiwa:
”Zikode kaNdaba
Wena kaMafu awalingani
Ngaphansi nangaphezulu.””
UMzila::
UMzila wayezalwa uLanga wasendlini kaMangweni. UMzila wazala uNkobeni owabusa emuva kwakhe. Ngalesi sikhathi bonke babehlala eNgcaka ngasoPhongolo. UNkobeni waqhubeka nokubusa isizwe sakwaMazibuko khona eNgcaka, waba namadodana amabili uMashoba noMabuza. Akuveli kahle ukubusa kwabo kodwa nabo baba neqhaza elikhulu ekwakheni nasekubusweni kwesizwe sakwaMazibuko.
UPhuthini::
Uyise kaPhuthini uMashoba akazange akuthole ukuthula nokunethezeka ngoba ukubusa kwakhe kwaqondana nokubusa kweLembe, inkosi uShaka. Umbuso kaMashoba wasuswa impi yenkosi uShaka eNgcaka, badonsa njalo baze bafika eNquthu. Nakhona abahlalanga kakhulu baqembukelana phakathi, abanye basala eNquthu abanye badlula ngenhloso yokucinga indawo engcono nephephile.
Abanye bagcina sebeseSwazini bazibiza ngokuthi bangabakwaMafu. Abanye bemuka noMzilikazi kaMashobana wakwaKhumalo balibhekisa eZimbabwe . Abaningi bathi ubukhosi bukaMashoba basala le eNgcaka. Ngemuva kokubusa kwenkosi uMashoba kugqama ikhono lokubusa nokwandisaisizwe sikaPhuthini.Phela naye njengoyise akazange akuthole ukuzelula wayehlale esendleleni. Isizwe sakhe wasiqamba ngegama lenkosi endala uMangweni wathi aMangwe. Ubuye avele njengenkosi ethanda ubuhlobo. Lokhu kufakazelwa ubuhlobo abakhaphakathi kwabakwaHadebe nabakwaMazibuko. UPhuthini wabe enodadewabo ababili uMtambose noMamose. Ekusukeni kwabo oPhongolo uPhuthini wabe enobungani obuhle noMthimkhulu. UPhuthini waganisa udadewabo uMamosek uMthimkhulu, uMamose wanqaba kodwa uMtambose wavuma ukuyogana uMthimkhulu. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho uPhuthini athola khona izibongo ezithi:
”Ugaxise ubuhlalu obungalingananga koMamose
Kodwa koMtambose balingana.”
Wagana–ke uMtambose kwaMthimkhulu eNgcaka, kwazalwa uLangalibalele ezalwa uKaMazibuko uMtambose ngonyakawe-1818. ULangalibalele uye owagcina eyinkosi yamaHlubi. UPhuthini wabe enamakhosikazi ayisishiyagalombili, isigodi nesigodi sasinomuzi kaPhuthini. Inkosana kaPhuthini yokuqala uSiwela, beseseNgcaka wafuna incwadi yediphu uyise esaphila. Phela wayefuna indawo azokwakha kuyo ukuze abuse kahle ngokuthula kwazise uPhuthini wabusa isikhathi eside kakhulu. USiwela waphoqa uyise ukuba amnike indawo nezinkomo. Ingxenye yendawo eyayifunwa uSiwela kwakungeyakwaMthimkhulu njengoba babakhelene.ULangalibalele wayingena le ndaba ngoba ezwelana noninalume wakhe uPhuthini futhi engahambisani nokwakushiwo uSiwela. Le ndaba yangenwa nayinkosi uDingane, okukhomba khona ukuthi kwakuwudaba olushubile, olunohlalwana lolu.USiwela wabaleka wangena emgodini wentibane. Ngakusasa wabaleka kanti ubalekela ekhweni likaLangalibalele, lapho-kebavele bahlaba umkhosi, wabanjwa, wabulawa. Wafa kanjalo-ke uSiwela.Ekusukeni kwabo eNgcaka uPhuthini wahamba waze wafika eMajuba, la osekuyiNyukhasela khona manje. Nakhona akahlalanga isikhathi eside, waqhubeka njalo waya eHarrismith naseMnambithi waze wayophelela ePhasiwe. Zonkeizindawo anyathela kuzo uPhuthini sakheka isizwe sakwaMazibuko, bazithola nezindawo zokuhlala, ukulima nokutshala.Besuswe amakhaza eHarrismith behlela eMnambithi nakhona bahebezwa ngamaBhunu ngoba izindawo eziningikwakutshaliwe kuzo. Baqhubekela phezu koThukela eNtabamnyama, eMampemvini bafike bahlala. AmaBhunu aphetha ngokumbeka phansi kwezintaba zoKhahlamba ukuze akhe umngcele phakathi kwawo naBathwa ababedume kakhulu ngokuntshontsha imfuyo nezitshalo zamabhunu
Bakhona abantu bakwaMazibuko ababesala endleleni ngenkathi uPhuthini nabanye bedlula beya ePhasiwe. Abanye lendawo sebeyibiza ngokuthi kuseMgangeni. Idlinza lenkosi uPhuthini likhona kule ndawo.
Izibongo zikaPhuthini::
Untam’ingasiwula
Untam’inqang’umsenge
Wemuka nomoya
Untam’ ingasanuse sisandakubheda
Umgabh`ukhalima
Abekwe ngimethuka
Utobinqekulalatole
Belihlakula ngemishada
Inqindi egide phakathi komhlaba nezulu
Ubusika nehlobo kwahlukana
Ugaxise ubuhlalu obungalingananga koMamose
Kodwa koMtambose balingana.
IBinda nkosi !
UMbalo::
UMbalo wayengomunye wamadodana kaPhuthini, abanye bathi wayeyisishoshovu kwezombusazwe. Njengoba uPhuthini wabusa waze wamdala kakhulu wayezidinga izinyawo ezisheshayo: lokho kwasusa ingxabano nokungathembani phakathi kwamadodana kaPhuthini. Yileso sizathu esadala uMbalo ahilizisane nabafowabo mayelana nokufa komunye umfowabo waphetha ngokuba ibamba nakuba kungaqondakali ukuthi wayebambele bani.UColenso (1874) encwadini yakhe lapho ekhuluma khona ngamaHlubi ngesikhathi uLangalibalele evukela umbusowamaBhunu uveza uMbalo njengenkosi yesizwe sikaPhuthini. Abaningi bakwaMazibuko bayakufakazela lokhu umabevuma ukuthi uMbalo wayeyibamba ngesikhathi sokuboshwa kwenkosi yamaHlubi uLangalibalele. Wayesenqabile uLangalibalele ukuphoqa abantu bakhe ukuba bahambise imihlambi yezinkomo kuhulumeni waseMtshezi kanye nokukhokha intela eyayifuniwe. Phela amaBhunu ayesole ukuthi uLangalibalele wayenqabe ukukhokhela abantu bakhe intela yezinja. UHulumeni nabamhlophe bakubona lokhu njengokuvukela umbuso nendelelo, base bembizela enkantolo yaseMgungundlovu. ULangalibalele akabange esatholakala, izinhloli zikaHulumeni zafuna zakhathala.UHulumeni wathumela kuMbalo ukuba akhiphe uLangalibalele lapho ecashe khona phela ubuhlobo phakathi kwamaHlubi naMangwe kwakuyinto engathandabuzwa. UMbalo wabalandulela. Bamtshela ukuthi ukufihla kwakhe uLangalibalele kungafaka isizwe sakhe naye uqobo engcupheni. Kwaba yileso sizathu esadala ukuba uMbalo atshele uLangalibalele ukubaazinikele kuHulumeni kodwa uLangalibalele akazange akwenze lokho. AmaBhunu abe esemthatha njengocashe endaweni kaMbalo, adinwa afa, ahlasela isizwe sikaMbalo nesizwe samaHlubi. Lokhu kuhlasela kwaba lula kakhulu kwazise lezi zizwe zazakhelene.AmaBhunu athatha zonke izinkomo nezimbuzi zabo, ashisa amaqhugwana nezinqolobane ezazigcwele ukudla. Ngaphezukwalokho kwahlukunyezwa abantu beshaywa behlaliswa emvuleni. Abantu abasebasha abaningi baphoqwa ukuba babeyizisebenzi emapulazini abamhlophe. Kuleso sehlakakalo baningi ababulawa ngoba benqaba ukwehlukana nezinkomo nemindeni yabo.AMangwe abe esefaka icala emangalela amaBhunu ngokulimaza impahla yesizwe saMangwe. UMbalo wayeyisishoshovu esiphambili kuleli cala. AmaBhunu ayekholwa ukuthi uLangalibalele wayecashiswe isizwe sikaMbalo. Lelo cala laholela ekuboshweni kukaLangalibalele kanye noMbalo nabanye eMgungundlovu. Okwaphawuleka ukuthi uMbalo akabuyanga ejele waze wafela khona.
AMangwe namaHlubi::
UPhuthini wabamba elikhulu iqhaza ekutshaleni ubuhlobo nobungani bokuganiselana phakathi kwalezi zizwe. Besesikushilo ukuthi uPhuthini wayenguninalume kaLangalibalele. AMangwe namaHlubi ayeba umfelandawonye ezintweni eziningi ezaziwathinta ngokufanayo ezikhathini ezahlukahlukene. Lezi zizwe zazelekelelana nangezikhathi zezimpi.UColenso uthi isizwe sikaPhuthini sasiluthola usizo lukaLangalibalele uma siludinga. Ubukhosi baMahlubi naMangwe bakhula banamandla okwehlula izizwana ezazikhona.Umlando wesizwe saMangwe uncike kakhulu emlandweni wesizwe samaHlubi futhi zombili lezi zizwe zazizimele kungekhoesikhonze kwesinye. UColenso (1874:2) uyakugcizelela ukuthi uPhuthini noLangalibalele balishiya kanyekanye izwelakwaZulu bawelela esilungwini eNatali. Ukubaleka kwabo kwaZulu kwadalwa uvalo lokwesabela impilo yabo.ULangalibalele Hadebe wayedunyazwe ukubulawa komfowabo uDlomo owabe eyinkosi. UPhuthini wama ngazo zombili izinyawo ekuqinisekisa ukuthi ubukhosi bamaHlubi buthathwa uLangalibalele.Imbangela ngqangi yokubaleka kwabo kwaba yilapho inkosi uMpande ethumela amabutho ngenhloso yokubulala uPhuthini bese bedla zonke izinkomo zikaPhuthini kwazise wayenenyonikayiphumuli.
Amabutho azidla zonke njengokusho kwenkosi uMpande aze adla nezamaHlubi. Lokhu kwaba ngaphezu kwamandla kuLangalibalele. Lesi senzo senza ukuba uPhuthini noLangalibalele babalekele ezintabeni, bahlala khona eside isikhathi.Ngesikhathi somkhosi wokweshwama, uMpande wathumela amanye amabutho ayeholwa induna uDangazela, eyafika kubo yabahlasela babaleka baze bawela uThukela bangena kwelaseNatali. Induna uDangazela wabulawa uMpande ngobaehlulekile ukunqoba la makhosi. UPhuthini noLangalibalele banqoba okwesikhashana kodwa babelokhu benokwesaba ukuthi bangahlaselwa noma nini, baphoqwe ukuba babengaphansi kobukhosi bukaMpande. Kuthiwa uLangalibalele noPhuthini nabantu babo bawela umfula iBhafalo.
Ukuzinza kwaMangwe namaHlubi eNatali:::
AMangwe namaHlubi angena eNatali ngowe-1848 ngesikhathi sokubusa kwenkosi uMpande afike akha azinza. Basebenzakanzima belima futhi befuyile nanxa izinkomo zabo zase zinciphile njengoba bese sike saphawula. Ukudla kwagcwalaizinqolobane imihlambi yabulala inyoka emzileni. Ngeminyaka ye-1879 lezi zizwe zabe sezinengcebo. UColenso uthi kwakungekhona okokuqala ukufika kwalezi zizwe eNatali, eziningi zazisuswe izimpi zenkosi uShaka zeMfecane. Lezi zizwe zasebenza kakhulu ngendlela eyadala umona kwabaMhlophe base besungula intela yezindlu. Inhloso yentela kwaba ukubalezi zizwe ziphucwe ingcebo yazo. Le ntela yayisho ukuthi iqhugwane neqhugwane kumele likhokhelwe isamba esithile ngobukhona balo. AbaMhlophe noHulumeni babenganqeni ukuthumela izikhonzi ebukhosini bezizwe ezimpisholo bafune imihlambi yezinkomo ngenkani. Kwenye inkathi babethathelwa izinkomo ngoba kuthiwa bajeziselwa ukungayikhokhi intela.Zaze zaphela izinkomo kwabanye, uLangalibalele wala waphetha ukuthumela imihlambi yezinkomo, imali nezibhamu kuHulumeni. Umoya wokuphikisa ingcindezelo wagcina ngokuqubula umbhikisho kaLangalibalele ngonyaka we-1889.Isizwe sikaPhuthini sathelwa amachaphazelo ngenxa yokuthi lezi zizwe zazakhelene kakhulu futhi bengamadlelandawonye.Impi yabamhlophe yahlasela zombili lezi zizwe yadla zonke izinkomo, yaduna abantu, yathungela amaqhugwane ngomlilo kwaduma isililo kuzo zonke izinkalo. AMangwe namaHlubi ahlakazeka agcwala izinkalo zonke.
UMjwayeli::
UMjwayeli wamukelwa umndeni nakuba babekhona ababeshaya amakhala. Wabekwa waba inkosi yaMangwe, ePhasiwe.Inkosi uMjwayeli wabusa waze wakhothama ngonyaka we-1972. UMjwayeli waba namadodana amabili uVimba noSiphiwesamangwe. UVimba akabusanga waboshelwa uzungu wabulawa kanti nomkakhe wayenganayo ingane. USiphiwe wayezalwa indlovukazi uMaMbanjwa owayengundlunkulu wenkosi uMjwayeli. Kwaba ukubusa kukaSiphiwe-ke njalo noma kwakunenkonondo kodwa isizwe safela phakathi okwebutho likaZulu. Indaba yalanyulwa ukungenela kukaHulumeni wakwaZulu wangaleso sikhathi.Wabekwa ngokusemthethweni uSiphiwe ngowe-1984, eneminyaka eyi-18 ubudala. Abadala kwaMazibuko bamlekelela babambisana naye kwazise wayesemncane kakhulu. USiphiwe waganwa, waba nondlunkulu abayisithupha ababusiswa ngabantwana bonke ngaphandle kukaMaNdlela owagcina engabatholanga abantwana. USiphiwe wabusa isizwe saMangwe kwaze kwaba uyakhothama ngowezi-2007 mhla zingamashumi amathathu nanye ku-Agasti.
USphiwe::
USphiwe ekuganweni kwakhe wathola amadodana ayishumi nanye kondlunkulu abahlanu. Imizi yakhe wayiqamba amagama. Ukubusa isizwe akubanga into elula nemnandi kuSphiwe, wazithola izimpama nezibhakela zempilo njengawo wonke amakhosi. Lokho kufakazelwa amagama awasebenzisa ukuqamba izingane kanye nemizi yakhe.Waganwa undlunkulu wokuqala uMaZwane unina kaXolani.Undlunkulu wesibili uMaMnculwane waba nezinsizwa eziyisithupha, lapha zihlelwe ngokwelamana kwazo: Phikeleli, Funizwi,Kusukakwendaba, Sakhumuzi, Zwelabo noVumani.Bobabili ondlunkulu babehlala emzini wenkosi ogama lawo kukwaBhekizitha.Undlunkulu uMaKhuzwayo yena wathola uzinyobulala uScelo kanti uMaMnculwane wesibili wathola umfana oyedwa uThulani behlala bonke emzini wenkosi kwaZwelinjani.Undlunkulu uMaBiyela waba nezinsizwa ezimbili uMlamuli noSiphukuthula, bahlala emzini omusha wenkosi kwaPhumuphele osesigodini saseNkomokazini, phansi kwePhasiwe, eMangweni.
Ukukhothama kwenkosi kwashiya uMaNdlela engasagonanga mntwana. Ku nyaka wezi-2011 sekubekwe iNkosi uXolani ukuhola isizwe sakwaMazibuko ePhasiwe.
Ukuqhakanjiswa kwamakhosi akwaMazibuko:
Maningi amagama ezikole aqanjwa kususelwa emagameni amakhosi akwaMazibuko. Singabala kuwo iMafu, iZikode,iGadeleni, iPhuthini, iMangweni, iMampunga neMjwayeli . Lokhu kunguphawu lokuthi abantu abakhele lezi zindawo zamakhosi bayakubona ukubaluleka kwamakhosi abo njengoba baze baqamba amagama ezikole ngamakhosi abo. La magama amakhosi okuqanjwe ngawo amagama ezikole aqukuthe umlando oyigugu lesizwesakwaMazibuko.
Njengakuzo zonke izizwe, esizweni saMangwe kunentuthuko nenqubekela phambili. Kunezikhungo ezakhiwezokuthuthukisa umphakathi eziqanjwe ngamagama amakhosi esizwe. Ezinye zalezi zikhungo izikole ezakhele indawoyaseMangweni. Isibonelo izikole iMjwayeli naMangwe. Lokhu kunomthelela omuhle ekugcineni umlando nemvelaphiyesizwe. Kwenza abadala nabancane bazigqaje ngobubona, bakwazi nokukhomba uphawu lwezimpande zemvelaphi yabo.Inkosi uMbekiseni uzisekela kakhulu izinhlelo zokuqeda ukungazi, ukwakha isizwe, ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono entshenikanye nenkuthalo..
Izithakazelo zakwaMazibuko:::
MazibukoNzimaMzila,
Zikode Ntsele
Khondlo
Mwelase
Wena ongawelenga ngamazibuko ngoba umfula ugcwele
Bathi abanye bewela ngamazibuko
Wen` ubuwela ngesihlenga somfula
Shumpu laqhasha lashumpuka
Phuthini
Ogaxise ubuhlalu obungalingananga koMamose
Kodwa balingana koMtambose
Mgabhi
Ogabh` amafu angalingani phansi naphezulu
Awubuhanguhangu
Njingili ngokufulathela
Nina bakaMashoba kaNkobeni eNgcaka
Nina bakaPhuthini kaMangweni ePhasiwe
Nina bakaGadeleni kaMphikeleli eSandlwana
Nina baseMangweni!
Amakhono abantu bakwaMazibuko::
Abantu bakwaMazibuko babedume ngokuthanda ukubuthela abantu ndawonye kuxokozelwe. Okwakubalulekile ukuduma nokwaziwa. Iningi lalikhonze ingoma, ukuphisa utshwala nokulima. Okunye ababedume ngakho ukwelapha nokwenza imilingo. Kuthiwa babebukhali ekusebenziseni izimpande, okusho ukuthi bayawazi umuthi. Lokhu kufakazelwa izimanga ezazenziwa izinyanga zodumo zakwaMazibuko uKhondlo noMhlahlo.Njalo ngonyaka isizwe sakwaMazibuko sasivakashela esizibeni sikaKhondlo lapho kwakufike kwenzeke izimanga. Lokhu kwaba umkhuba wezizukulwane ngezizukulwane zakwaMazibuko. Badume ngokuba amasoka yingakho imvamisa benamakhosikazi amaningi. Baziwa ngengcebo, inkani, ukushaya. Ngenkathi abeSuthu naBathwa bentshontsha izinkomo nezitshalo zakwaMazibuko, babebathela ngenduku qede abeSuthu babagingqe amatshe. Banezinhliziyo ezincane bashaya manje, banesikhwele futhi bayayazisa into yabo. Bacebile, ukulunga yinto yabo, kwenye inkathi balunga kakhulu.
Izintombi zakhona zinenkani, zifike zilawule nasemzini, zifune ukuba zodwa endodeni, uma kungenjalo ziyabuya emendweni.
Usiko nemikhuba yakwaMazibuko:
Isizwe nesizwe sinendlela yaso esixhumana ngayo nezinyanya zaso.Inkalankala ensundu yasemfuleni iyona abakhuluma ngayo abakwaMazibuko abangasekho emindenini yabo esaphila.Usiko lwabo luncike enkalankaleni ngoba iluphawu lwesibusiso noma ukuxhumana nabangasekho futhi abasebenzisi nomaiyiphi nje inkalankala, basebenzisa ensundu yasemfuleni yasezintabeni. Ukufakazela lokhu abakwaMazibuko basebenzisaudaka lwenkalankala ukuphuzisa umntwana ozelwe ngenhloso yokuqinisekisa ukuthi lowo mntwana owakhona. Banendlelaababona ngayo udaka oluphuzwa umfana noluphuzwa intombazane. Kokunye bathatha umzanyana ngemuva kokubelethabayowubeka maqondana nomgodi wenkalankala. Uma ingane kungeyakwaMazibuko umzanyana uzodonswa inkalankala iwudle kodwa uma kungeyona izowuyeka ingawudli. Kuze kube namhlanje abakwaMazibuko basakholelwa kuleli sikolokusebenzisa inkalankala njengo mxhumanisi wabo nabangasekho.Uma umfana eke wayiphika intombazane, abadala baye bacele ukuba uma intombi isibelethile, umzanyana uthathwe ulethwe kubo. Bona bayobe sebewuyisa emfuleni, uma kungeyakhona ingane izinkalankala zizowuthatha. Ingane uma izelwe iphuziswa, ichathwe ngodaka lwenkalankala nethombonkala. Uma kukhona ingane okungesiyona eyakwaMazibuko,izingane zonke zibizelwa esibayeni ziphiwe amaswidi, okungeyona eyakhona ayiphumi ifela lapho, ezakhona ziyaphuma.Kwesinye isikhathi uma ingane ifika emhlabeni isalukazi sithatha inongwana yayo, siyoyibeka emgodini wenkalankala.Kokunye kuthathwe udaka lwenkalankala lugcotshwe enkabeni yengane. Inongwana yengane iyabhibha uma kungesiyoeyakwaMazibuko. Lokho kugcwalisa ukuthi umakoti weqe umthangala noma uthezile. Lolu siko kwezinye izindawo abasalugcini ngoba luholela ekufeni kwezingane nasekuxoshweni kwamakhosikazi.Uma ingane isizelwe kwaMazibuko, uyise uyenzela isiko elaziwa ngembeleko. Lapha kuhlatshwa imbuzi kugaywenotshwala, ingane ibikwe emsamo kwabadala bakwaMazibuko ngempepho. Nakoninalume ingane iyenzelwa kakhulukaziuma kungeyokuqala. Umakoti uya nayo kubo ihlatshelwe nakhona. Isikhumba sembuzi yakoninalume sibuya kanyenenyama size kubo kwengane. Sivamise ukushukwa senziwe ukhukho.
Ukuthethwa kwedlozi:::
KwaMazibuko imbuzi isilwane esiyingqikithi yokwenza umsebenzi, bese inkomo ilandela njengesilwane esibungazaumndeni nezihlobo. Imbuzi ibaluleke ngoba iyakhala lapho ibulawa lokho kuwuphawu lokuxhumana phakathi kwabaphilayonabangasekho. Umuntu wakwaMazibuko uma esehamba emhlabeni kuba khona imbuzi yokumbika emadlozini ukuthi useyahamba uza kubo, futhi ingumthandazo wokumcelela abahlangabezi nendlela enhle. Inkomo ehlatshwa ngosukulomngcwabo iwukudla, umphako wendlela nayofika awudle phambili. Izinyongo zalezi izilwane ziyaye zigcotshweemzimbeni walowo oseshonile ngaphambi kokuba asongwe ngendlela yosiko. Isikhumba senkomo sembesa ibhokisi kulaboabangcwaba ngebhokisi kanti abanye basonga ngaso isidumbu. Ingubo ebikade imbese ibhokisi imbeswa ingane yomfanaencane yendodana endala. Uma bethetha idlozi babesebenzisa impepho etholakala emaxhaphozini noma ezindaweniezinamanzi. Impepho eshiswayo yileyo enuka kakhulu hhayi lena enganuki. Ngokuntuleka kwayo abanye sebeshisaisithimulane.
Ihubo lomndeni:::
Imindeni eminingi inamahubo ayaye ahutshwe uma kukhishwa umnumazane ekhaya eyongcwatshwa noma uma kugcagcaintombi. KwaMazibuko kunamahubo amabili omndeni. Kukhona ihubo lokukhipha intombi uma iya kogcagca kanye nelihutshwa uma kukhishwa insizwa uma iya koyisemkhulu noma uma kungcwatshwa umnumzane. Leli hubo lilokhu lihutshwa aze angene endlini yakhe yokugcina.Ihubo lokukhipha insizwa lithi:
‘Wayihlasela wayibiz’obhukwini
Kusho amakhosi akwaMjantshi
Kusho amakhosi amakhulu.’
Mabili amahubo okukhipha intombi. Elokuqala lithi:
‘Ayihlome izwe lonke
Mgabhi uthweleni?’
Elesibili ihubo lithi:
‘Salihamb’izwe
Ngelabafokazane.’
Izibongo ezihlobene nabakwaMazibuko:::
Zwane
Mwelase
Mgabhi
Ntsele
Mafu
Muna
Mzila
Shoba
Zikode
Phuthini
Cebekhulu
Ulimi lakwaMazibuko kanye namagama ahlonishwayo:
Ulimi lakwaMazibuko luthekele kakhulu olimini lwezigodi. Ngenxa yomlando wabo njengoba beqhamuka eMbo bahlala eduzane naMaSwazi bagcina sebetekela nabo. Uma bekhuluma ngento ekude
bathi –
”iselakude’
Uma bethi abantu bakwethu
bathi –
‘bakethu’,
Uma bethi
umama wakho
babiza ngokuthi–
‘umamakho’
Isizwe sakwaMazibuko siyayihlonipha inkalakala, ayibizwa ngegama kuthiwa igudlamfula noma umkhulu. Akukhulunywa nganoma iyiphi nje inkalankala, kodwa bahlonipha lena ensundu. Amagama amakhosi nawabanumzane ayahlonishwa ngabesifazane njengoba siyaye sibone nje nakweminye imindeni noma ezinye izizwe ezinsundu kwelikaMthaniya.Ngenxa yegama lenkosi uManzezulu – amanzi abizwa ngokuthi amakweta, amandambi, amayiwane. Ukuhlonipha inkosi uNkobeni – izinkobe zibizwa ngegama elithi izimpothulo noma izimfaba.
Kungani amadoda akwaMazibuko ebizwa ngoMuna?:
Abantu besilisa bakwaMazibuko bazibiza ngoMuna ngenxa yezizathu eziningi ezahlukene. Abadala bakwaMazibuko bathi inkosi uPhuthini wabizwa ngegama Muna okokuqala enkantolo ngenkathi efakaza ukuthi ubukhosi bamaHlubi kufanele buthathwe uLangalibalele, umshana wakhe. Ngenkathi ethula ubufakazi bakhe wabe etolikelwa insizwa yomSuthu eyayilokhu imbiza ngokuthi
mona….okusho ukuthi ndoda. Okwathi lapho eqeda ukufakaza yabe isithi, “Washo–ke mona wayibeka indaba yezwakala”
UPhuthini uthe lapho efika ekhaya wabethulela ngohambo lwakhe. Akakhohlwanga ukubatshelangegama lakhe elisha afike wabizwa ngalo enkantolo elithi
Muna,
kwasukela ngalelo langa wabizwa ngo Muna.
Abanyebathi abakwaMazibuko leli gama balisusela ebaSuthwini ngoba bakhelane nabo
Ukuthi Muna akusona isithakazelo kusho ukuthi ‘ndoda’ ngesiZulu. Abanye abantu bakwaMazibuko basebenzisa igama Muna ukuqamba izingane zabo.Ukwenza isibonelo ubaba kaMandla Mazibuko waseLoskop nguMuna Mzwakhe Mazibuko


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Kulokhu bekugiya omengameli, ondunankulu nababusi
UMfowakwaNomajalimane ungungoti wepolitiki nepolitiki yezomnotho. UnguMhleli Omkhulu noMshicileli weBayede.
Emdlalweni wepolitiki kunezinto ezamukelekile okungathi uma uya kweminye imidlalo noma imikhakha kungamukeleki. Isibonelo nje, usopolitiki kanqeni ukufika emzini angawazi afike aphathe. Kuthi kushoniwe ezwe nje ukuthi lo olele yilungu leqembu lakhe bese ebona kungewona amahloni ukuthi ngosuku lomngcwabo bese kuba nguye osethula inkulumo yosuku noma ehlonipha umufi lo angamazi. Uma kungenjalo ubone sekunguye ohleli nomndeni eduze komfelokazi emduduza, engamazi njalo umufi. Nangalesi sikhathi sokhuvethe (COVID-19) kuthe kukubi kepha kwakhona okuyithuba eliyingqayizivele kwabanye abaholi bamazwe. Lokhu kuqale ngokuthi omengameli bamazwe nondunankulu bagunyazwe yimithetho yamazwe abo ukuba bamise konke ukusebenza nokunyakaza ezweni ngaphansi kwemizamo yokunqanda ukubhebhetheka kokhuvethe. Lokhu bakwenze ngaphansi kwemithetho yezwe kanti neningi labantu likwamukele ngoba phela ukufa lokhu bekubona noma ngubani ukuthi nxa kuyekwa kungaqotha imbokodo nesisekelo.
Nokho njengokwejwayelekile osopolitiki babone ithuba kulokhu. Bazile ukuthi abezindaba okungaba ngamaphephandaba, amathelevishini kanye nezokuxhumana balambele izindaba ngalesi sikhathi kunganyakazi lutho ezweni. Lokhu kwenzeke kanjani na?
Abezindaba basebenza ngezindlela ezimbili lapho bedlulisa okwepolitiki okuqhamuka ngaphandle kwezizinda zabezindaba noma badlulise imibiko yezepolitiki esuka ezintathelini. Osopolitiki basebenzisa abezindaba ukuze badlulise imibiko yabo kulabo abafuna ifinyelele kubona. Izinhlelo zezepolitiki, izitatimende zenqubomgomo, amaqembu agqugquzelayo nemikhankaso konke kungokwepolitiki futhi kungadluliswa ngendlela enomthelela. Okwenza ukuthi bonke abaxhumanisa ezepolitiki kufanele bathole abezindaba. Kusemqoka ukwamukela ukuthi inhloso yakho konke lokhu kuxhumana ukunxenxa. Okuqondiswe kubo ngalokhu kunxenxa izethameli okuyizakhamuzi. Kubuye kube semqoka ukuqaphela ukuthi izethameli zohlobo oluthile lokuxhumana ngokwepolitiki kungaba banzi njengokhetho lukazwelonke lapho inhloso kuwukunxenxa isizwe sonke noma kuwukhetho lohulumeni bezindawo lapho kunxenxwa izakhamuzi zendawo.
Kupolitiki yanamuhla, amaxhama alokhu andiswa phakathi kwedemokhrasi, kwezomhlaba jikelele nakwabezindaba ngokubanzi. Sekwamukelekile ukuthi abezindaba bayikhonco elisemqoka ekuqhubeni idemokhrasi. Kuthathwa ngokuthi ukuze idemokhrasi isebenze, izakhamuzi zidinga ukuthola ulwazi ukuze zikhethe ziqonda okwenzakalayo. Kanjalo nosopolitiki badinga abezindaba ukuze babone ukuthi umphakathi ukusiphi isimo, bethule imibono yabo babuye baxhumane nomphakathi.
Ungoti kwezokuxhumana eNyuvesi iStirling uthe; “Mihlanu imisebenzi yabezindaba emphakathini onedemokhrasi ‘wohlobo olulindelekile’, yilena:
- Okokuqala, kufanele bazise izakhamuzi ngokwenzakayo okubazungezile (okwaziwa ngemisebenzi yabezindaba ‘yokuqapha’ noma ‘yokulawula’).
- Okwesibili, kufanele bafundise ngokuqukethwe nangobumqoka ‘bamaqiniso’ (ubumqoka balo msebenzi uchaza ubucayi izintatheli ezivikela ngabo inhloso yazo, ngoba ukuba ngabafundisayo kwazo kuyagudluka kulokho kokuhlaziya izindaba).
- Okwesithathu, abezindaba kufanele babe nesithangami lapho umphakathi uxoxa khona ngezepolitiki, bakwazi ukugqugquzela ukwakheka ‘kombono womphakathi’ futhi babuye kakwazi ukuwuphindisela lowo mbono emphakathini obuvele uqhamuke kuwo. Lokhu kufanele kukwazi ukuhlinzeka isikhala sezikhalo ngoba ngaphandle kwaso idemokhrasi iyize leze.
- Owesine umsebenzi wabezindaba ukunikeza uhulumeni nabezepolitiki kubuka noma ubani iqhaza ‘lokuqapha’ lobuntatheli, isibonelo ukuveza obala ukungcola okwenzeka kwezepolitiki.
- Okokugcina, abezindaba emiphakathini enedemokhrasi baba wumgudu wezincomo zemibono yepolitiki. Amaqembu adinga uhlaka lokuveza inqubomgomo nezinhlelo zawo ukuze kufinyelele kubantu, ngakho-ke abezindaba kufanele bawamukele.
Ngalesi sikhathi sobunzima omengameli, ondunankulu nababusi bazile ukuthi izigidigidi zabantu emhlabeni zomele ulwazi mayelana nalokho okumele kwenziwe ukugwema ukusabalala kwesifo. Kanti futhi bazile ukuthi umthetho uyabavumela njengoba ezweni elifana neNingizimu Afrika umthetho ububeka ngokusobala ukuthi kulicala ukusabalalisa izindaba ezingamawuwa ngalesi sikhathi. Esimweni esinjena uma uyintatheli noma iziko lezindaba umthombo wolwazi obungacabanga ukuthi wethembekile yiwo uHulumeni. Ngalesi sikhathi iminyango kaHulumeni kayidinganga nokuthi ithenge izikhangisi kwezinye izindawo ngoba bekwaziwa ukuthi abakushilo kuzongena kwabezindaba njengoba kunjalo.
Kanti elinye ithuba elisetshenziswe ngosopolitiki ngelezikhathi ezimqoka lapho iningi labantu liqoqene khona. Ngalezi zikhathi bekuphuma isaziso sokuthi uMengameli, undunankulu noma ungqongqoshe uzobikela isizwe okuthile mayelana nesifo. Lapha obekumqoka yizikathi. Lapha eNingizimu Afrika isikhathi ebesiyinoni sikaMengameli yilapho seligamenxe elesi-8 kusihlwa (20:30). Ngokwezibalo abantu baseNingizimu Afrika kusuka ngelama-20:00 kuya kwelama-21:30 basuke bethe njo bebuka imidlalo eluchungechunge efana neGenerations The Legacy, Isibaya, Uzalo, uMuvhango neminye. Ukubiza abantu ngalezi zikhathi usuke uneqiniso ukuthi nakanjani uzobathola.
Yize abanye abaholi belisebenzise kahle ithuba lokuthola abantu ngesikhathi esimqoka, abanye basoliwe ngokusebenzisa leli thuba ukuzakhela udumo noma ukwenza udaba lube ngabo. Lapha eNingizimu Afrika utusiwe uMengameli uRamaphosa kanye noDkt uMkhize ngokukwazi ukusebenzisa leli thuba ukunikeza ngolwazi olumqoka. E-United States of America (USA) kube nokushayisana kwemibono ekutheni ngabe uMengameli uTrump wenze ngakhona yini.
ENingizimu Afrika uMengameli uRamaphosa ubeba nezinsuku ezithile akhuluma ngazo nesizwe, kanti e-USA uMengameli uTrump yena ubeba nezithangami nsukuzaphuma. Lokhu abanye bakuhumushe ngokuthi akasenzi lokhu athe uzokwenza kepha usesebenzisa ithuba ukuthi azigqamise yena. Lokhu bekusho beqhathanisa nendlela abenza ngayo ezithangamini lapho ebengagcini ngokukhuluma ngesifo kepha ehlasela izintatheli nabanye abangahambisani naye.
UMnu uTim O’ Brien obeyintatheli yeNew York Times nombhali kuBloomberg Opinion ephawula ngesenzo sikaTrump uthe: “UTrump uphumelele ukuthi enze izithangami zabezindaba zibe ngaye wenza izithangami lezi umhlabahloso. Awukwazi ukuvumela umuntu okhuluma naye kube nguyena olawula ukuthi kuzothiwani kodwa yena uphumelele ukukwenza lokho.” Yize izinombolo zingakaphumi kepha izinkomba zithi ngokuvela nsukuzonke kuthelevishini kanye nemibiko ngaye nsukuzonke emaphephandabeni kwenze waduma futhi watshaleka emqondweni wabavoti.
ENingizimu Afrika, ekuqaleni konyaka bekunezinkulumo zokuthi uRamaphosa uphelelwa wugazi kubantu ngenxa yokungenzeki kwezinto kuHulumeni wakhe. Abanye babahlaziyi nongoti baze balikhipha elokuthi ungumholi ongenamandla. Lokhu kukhuluma sekuwumlando njengoba iningi lamukela uholo lwakhe futhi limtusa ngokukhuluma kwakhe okwakhayo nokunika ithemba. Kulokhu uRamaphosa angabonga ukhuvethe ngoba ukuvela kwakhe ephindelela kutshale isithombe esithile kubantu.


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Izindaba Zemboni
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Inqubo Yokukhiqiza Iphepha Le-Tissue White Futhi Sebenzisa iphepha lokukopisha, elibizwa nangokuthi iphepha laseSydney, iphepha elidinga amandla aphezulu nobumhlophe. Iningi lezigayo zamaphepha eChina zisebenzisa uginindela wokhuni ongenisiwe ukwenza iphepha lokukopisha, Phakathi kwazo, uginiga we-kraft softwood pulp ungcono kakhulu Ngaphezu kokungeniswa kwezinkuni ...Funda kabanzi »
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Ukusetshenziswa kwephepha lezicubu Ekhasini lethu le-Daily Life Tissue iphepha lenziwe ngawo wonke amapulangwe enkuni, bushelelezi obunamacala amabili, ukumelana okuphezulu okuphezulu, ukuqina okuhle, amandla amhlophe amhlophe, ukuzinza komfaniswano wombala wokuqina kombala, ukukhiqizwa kokhula oluqinile ngokhuni oluyi-100%, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo okuluhlaza, iyavuselelwa, ikhophi emhlophe ...Funda kabanzi »
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Iphepha lekhava esihlalweni sangasese futhi luhlobo lwezinsiza zamathuluzi asizayo ezisetshenziswa nendlu yangasese. Isetshenziswa kakhulu ezindaweni zomphakathi. Kodwa-ke, amanye amahhotela asezingeni eliphezulu akhetha ukusebenzisa lolu hlobo lwendlu yangasese. Kodwa-ke, singakhathazeka ngokuthi indlu yangasese ayihlanzekile kangako, ngakho-ke sikhetha ukukhetha iphedi lephepha langasese njenge ...Funda kabanzi »
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Iphepha lamathoyilethi luhlobo lwezindatshana esivame ukuzisebenzisa empilweni yethu yansuku zonke, kepha uyazi ukuthi yiziphi izimfihlo zempilo ezifihlwe ephepheni lasendlini yangasese? Abenzi bephepha lezindlu zangasese bazokutshela. 1. Uhlobo olufanayo lwephepha lokugcina, elibizayo noma elishibhile Izinhlobo ezimbili zephepha lasendlini yangasese ezinephakeji elifanayo, elilodwa ngu ...Funda kabanzi »
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Emakethe, kunezinhlobo ezimbili zephepha lekhava esihlalweni sendlu yangasese, elilodwa iphepha lokumboza isihlalo sangasese nge-virgin pulp kanye nephepha lekhava esihlalweni sangasese nge-recycle pulp, Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-virgin pulp kanye ne-recycle pulp? 1. Kusetshenziswa izinto zokusetshenziswa ezahlukahlukene. Njengoba impahla eluhlaza igcwele pu pu ...Funda kabanzi »
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Imikhiqizo yephepha le-Fengcheng Zhonghe ngumenzi oyingqayizivele wekhava yesihlalo yangasese, futhi uthole ngempumelelo isitifiketi Sesitifiketi Sokulawulwa Kwezokuphepha Emsebenzini eChina. Funda kabanzi »
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Ikhava entsha yesihlalo sendlu yangasese elwa namagciwane neyokulwa namagciwane seyethulwe ngempumelelo Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezingaphezu kwezine zocwaningo nentuthuko, inkampani yethu isungule uhlobo olusha lwephepha lokumboza isihlalo sendlu yangasese elwa namagciwane nephepha le-cushion yangasese. Ngokusebenzisa le ndlwana yangasese elahlwayo p ...Funda kabanzi »


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Itwetwe kuvalwa isikole e-Harding
Thembeka Mtolo
Isikole saseHarding, oGwini oluseningizimu nesifundazwe, iSehole Combined school isivalwe thaqa emumva kokutholakala komunye wothisha oyedwa osetheleleke nge ngegciwane leCorona Virus.
Abazali basale bebambe ongezansi emuva kokuthi abafundi balesi sikole engxenyeni yamabanga aphansi bebuye nezincwadi ezisho ukuthi sekutholakale uthisha osetheleleke ngegciwane leCovid-19.
Ngokwencwadi ekhishwe ilesi sikole esikude buduzane nedolobha lase Harding, okukhombisa ukuthi ikhishwe mhlaka 7 ku-Julayi 2020, iJournalism Iziko eliyibonile ithi, “sazisa abazali ngokutholakala komunye wothisha bethu ngokutheleleka kwakhe ngalesi sifo seCorona Virus.”
Kulencwadi, kuphinde kwagqugquzelwa abazali ukuthi mabagcine izingane zabo emakhaya izinsuku ezintathu kusuka kumhlaka-8 kuya kumhlaka-10 kuJulayi 2020. Ngokwencwadi ithi, “isikole sethu sithinteke kwi- Primary Section kuphela”
“Kumanje sigcwele uvalo amaphaphu aphezulu sisaba ngisho ukuya ezitolo ngoba sinokuthi igcwele iHarding lonke iCorona virus,” kusho uNkk Khosi Dlamini-Sikhosana okungumunye wabazali abathole lezindaba.
“Ngizizwa ngigcwele ukwesaba ngoba lothisha phambi kokuba afike esikoleni uhlangane nenqwaba yothisha abaye kwezinye izikole ezakhele iHarding namaphethelo,” Kusho uDlamini-Sikhosana, echaza ngokukhathazeka mayelana nokubhebhetheka okuthusayo kwaleli gciwane emphakathini. Uqhube wathi izikole zizoba nomthelela omningi ekubhebhethekeni kwalesifo.
“Njengomzali ngibona ukuthi kumele izikole zivalwe ukuze kunqandwe ukubhebhetheka kwalegciwane njengoba umphakathi waseHarding uqale ukuthola imibiko yeCovid-19 ngoba sekuvulwe izikole,” kuphetha uDlamini-Sikhosana
Isikole siphinde sacela abafundi ukuthi babuye babuyele emagumbini okufundela mhlaka 13 ku-Julayi kulonyaka njengoba kukholakala ukuthi isikole sizobe sesisesimeni sokwamukela othisha nabafundi.
Picture: clms.ukzn.ac.za


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Apt. Romance Lipno na Vltavou
I-iyunithi yokuqasha ephelele ibungazwe ngu-Hana
Izivakashi ezingu- 4, I-Studio, imibhede engu-4, Igumbi lokugezela elilodwa
Ikhaya lonke
Ifulethi izoba ngeyakho wedwa.
Ukuhlanza Okwenziwe Ngcono
Lo mbungazi uzibophezele enqubweni yokuhlanza ethuthukisiwe yezinyathelo ezingu-5 ye-Airbnb.
Ukuzingenela
Zingenise ngebhokisi lesikhiye.
I-Wifi
Izivakashi zivame ukusesha le sevisi ethandwayo
Lokho ozokuthola kule ndawo
Ikhishi
I-Wifi
Ukupaka mahhala ngaphakathi endaweni
I-TV
Ukuhlala isikhathi eside kuvunyelwe
Ayitholakali: i- I-alamu ye-carbon monoxide
Ayitholakali: i- I-alamu yesimoko
ukubukeza okungu-2
- Ukubukeza okungu-15
- Ubuwena buqinisekisiwe
Jsem přátelská, odpovědná, komunikativní. Mám ráda cestování v klidu, dostatek času na prohlídky zajímavých míst. Často jezdím do Francie za památkami i za výbornou kuchyní.
Phakathi nokuhlala kwakho
The keys are given by a lady who takes care of the apartment. She does not speak English but I am available by email and phone.
- Izilimi: Čeština, English, Français
Ukuze uvikele ukukhokha kwakho, ungalokothi uthumele imali noma uxhumane nabantu ngaphandle kwewebhusayithi ye-Airbnb noma i-app.
Izinto okufanele uzazi
Imithetho yendlu
Ngena: Ngemva kwalokho 15:00
Isikhathi sokuphuma: 10:00
Ukuzingenela nge ibhokisi lesikhiye
Ezempilo & ukuphepha
Uzibophezele enqubweni yokuhlanza ethuthukisiwe ye-Airbnb. Veza okwengeziwe
Iziqondiso ze-Airbnb zokuziqhelelanisa komphakathi kanye nezinye ezihlobene ne-COVID-19 ziyasebenza
I-alamu ye-carbon monoxide ayibikwangwa Veza okwengeziwe
I-alamu yesimoko ayibikwangwa Veza okwengeziwe
Idiphozithi Yesibambiso - uma ulimaza ikhaya, kungenzeka ukhokhiswe imali efikela ku-$114.


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Menzi Magubane
Umqeqeshi uMandla Ncikazi uzofuna amaphuzu aphezulu eqenjini lakhe leGolden Arrows ukuze ahambisane nezindaba ezimnandi abazithunyelelwe ngoMsombuluko.
Emidlalweni yabo eyisikhombisa yokugcina i-Arrows iqoqe amaphuzu ayi-16 ngokunqoba imidlalo emihlanu, badlala ngokulingana kowodwa baphinde bahlulwa kowodwa.
Abafana Bes’thende baqinisekiswe yi-Premier Soccer League njengabaphumelele ikota yesibili ye-DStv Premiership Q-innovation.
Bahambe nezigidi ezi-R1,5 okuzokhuthaza impela leli qembu elizinze eThekwini ukuthi liqhubeke nokwenza kahle kule sizini.
NgoLwesibili bazokwamukela iBlack Leopards esezansi kwetafula eSugar Ray Xulu Stadium e-Clermont ngehora le-5 ntambama.
I-Arrows izobe ithembele kumshayimagoli wayo ovelele uVelemseni Ndwandwe ngamagoli – lo mgadli useshaye amagoli amahlanu ngemuva kwemidlalo eyi-15.
Ukunqoba kwaBafana Bes’thende kuzobenza babambane endaweni yesibili neSuperSport United.
Ikhefu labo elide lizobasiza njengoba imidlalo iza ngobuningi futhi ngokushesha.
Emdlalweni wabo wokugcina esikhathini esingaphezu kwesonto eledlule banqobe ngamathathu kwelilodwa bebhekene neStellenbosch.
NgoMgqibelo iLidoda Duvha ihlulwe yiBaroka emdlalweni wase-Limpopo, okuwumdlalo wokuqala kaKostadin Papic njengomqeqeshi omusha weLeopards.
Lo mdlali wase-Serbia, oseqeqeshe amaqembu amaningi akuleli umenyezelwe ngoLwesine olwedlule njengomqeqeshi omusha weLeopards.
Esanda kuhlulwa kwi-derby, uPapic uzobhekana nomsebenzi omkhulu wokuzama ukutakula iLeopards ukuze ingehleli ezansi.
Umthombo wesithombe: @GoldenArrows


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Esikhathini esedlule, amazwekazi bekucatshangwa ukuthi ahlala engaguquki izigidi zeminyaka. Akukho okwakwaziwa ukuthi uqweqwe loMhlaba lwalwenziwe ngamacwecwe ahambisa imisinga ye-convection yengubo. Kodwa-ke, usosayensi u-Alfred Wegener waphakamisa umbono wokukhukhuleka kwezwekazi. Lo mbono wathi amazwekazi ayesehambe iminyaka eyizigidi futhi namanje asakwenza lokho.
Ngokwalokho okungalindelwa, lo mbono wawuyinguquko enkulu emhlabeni wesayensi nokwakheka komhlaba. Ngabe ufuna ukufunda konke mayelana nokukhukhuleka kwezwekazi futhi uthole izimfihlo zalo?
Inkomba
Umbono wokukhukhuleka kwezwekazi
Lo mbono ubhekisela ukunyakaza kwamanje kwamapuleti ezisekela amazwekazi futhi ezihamba ngaphezu kwezigidi zeminyaka. Kuwo wonke umlando wokuma komhlaba woMhlaba, amazwekazi abengakabi sendaweni efanayo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Kunochungechunge lobufakazi esizobubona kamuva obasiza u-Wegener ukuphikisa umbono wakhe.
Ukunyakaza kungenxa yokwakheka okuqhubekayo kwezinto ezintsha ezivela engutsheni. Lokhu kwaziswa kudalwe kuqweqwe lwasolwandle. Ngale ndlela, impahla entsha inamandla kule ekhona futhi ibangela ukuthi amazwekazi agudluke.
Uma ubhekisisa kahle ukwakheka kwawo wonke amazwekazi, kubukeka sengathi iMelika ne-Afrika bebumbene. Kulokhu isazi sefilosofi saqaphela UFrancis Bacon ngonyaka we-1620. Kodwa-ke, akazange aphakamise noma yimuphi umbono wokuthi lawa mazwekazi ayehlala ndawonye phambilini.
Lokhu kushiwo ngu-Antonio Snider, waseMelika owayehlala eParis. Ngo-1858 waphakamisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi amazwekazi angahamba.
Kwakungo-1915 lapho isazi sezulu saseJalimane u-Alfred Wegener sishicilela incwadi yaso ebizwa ngokuthi "Umsuka wamazwekazi nolwandle". Kuyo waveza yonke imfundiso yokuzulazula kwezwekazi. Ngakho-ke, u-Wegener uthathwa njengombhali wenkolelo-mbono.
Encwadini wachaza ukuthi iplanethi yethu ibisingathe kanjani uhlobo lwezwekazi lezwe. Lokho wukuthi, wonke amazwekazi esinawo namuhla ake aba ndawonye akha into eyodwa. Wabiza lelo zwekazi I-Pangea. Ngenxa yamandla angaphakathi oMhlaba, uPangea wayezokwephuka futhi asuke kancane kancane. Ngemuva kokudlula kwezigidi zeminyaka, amazwekazi azobe esesikhundleni abenza kuso namuhla.
Ubufakazi nobufakazi
Ngokwalo mbono, ngokuzayo, eminyakeni eyizigidi kusukela manje, amazwekazi azohlangana futhi. Yini eyenza ukuthi kubaluleke ukukhombisa lethiyori ngobufakazi nobufakazi.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-Paleomagnetic
Ubufakazi bokuqala obabenza bamkholwa kwakuyincazelo ye-paleo magnetism. Amandla kazibuthe omhlaba bekungahlali kusimo esifanayo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Njalo, amandla kazibuthe ahlehlisiwe. Yini manje isigxobo esiseningizimu esasibhekiswe enyakatho, futhi okuphambene nalokho. Lokhu kuyaziwa ngoba amatshe amaningi wokuqukethwe kwensimbi ephezulu athola ukuqondiswa kwesibalo samanje kazibuthe. Kutholakale amadwala kazibuthe okuthi ipolo lakhe lasenyakatho likhombe esigxotsheni esiseningizimu. Ngakho-ke, ezikhathini zasendulo, kufanele ukuthi kwakungolunye uhlangothi.
Le paleomagnetism ayikwazanga ukukalwa kwaze kwaba ngawo-1950. Yize kungenzeka ukukala, imiphumela ebuthakathaka kakhulu yathathwa. Noma kunjalo, ukuhlaziywa kwalezi zilinganiso kuphumelele ukunquma ukuthi amazwekazi akuphi. Ungasho lokhu ngokubheka ukuma nobudala bamatshe. Ngale ndlela, kungakhonjiswa ukuthi wonke amazwekazi ake aba munye.
Ukuhlolwa kwezinto eziphilayo
Olunye lwezivivinyo olwaxaka ngaphezu kokukodwa kwakuyizinto eziphilayo. Kokubili izinhlobo zezilwane nezitshalo zitholakala kumazwekazi ahlukahlukene. Kuyinto engacabangeki ukuthi izinhlobo zezinto ezingafuduki zingahamba zisuka kwelinye izwekazi ziye kwelinye. Okusikisela ukuthi ngesinye isikhathi babekuleli zwekazi elifanayo. Lezi zinhlobo zazihlakazeka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, njengoba amazwekazi ayehamba.
Futhi, entshonalanga ye-Afrika nasempumalanga yeNingizimu Melika ukwakheka kwamadwala kohlobo olufanayo nobudala kutholakala.
Okunye okutholakele okwenze lokhu kuhlolwa kwaba ukutholakala kwezinsalela zomthofu ofanayo omuncu eSouth America, South Africa, Antarctica, India nase-Australia. Izinhlobo ezifanayo zika-fern zingavela kanjani ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene? Kwaqedwa ukuthi bahlala ndawonye ePangea. Izinsalela zezilwane ezihuquzelayo zaseLystrosaurus zitholakale naseNingizimu Afrika, eNdiya, nase-Antarctica, naseMesosaurus izinsalela eBrazil naseNingizimu Afrika.
Zombili izitshalo nezilwane kwakungezendawo ezifanayo eziye zakhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lapho ibanga phakathi kwamazwekazi lalilikhulu kakhulu, uhlobo ngalunye lwaluzivumelanisa nezimo ezintsha.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-Geological
Sekuvele kushiwo ukuthi imiphetho ye- amashalofu ezwekazi e-Afrika naseMelika ahlangana kahle. Futhi bake baba munye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abanaso nje kuphela isimo sephazili, kodwa ukuqhubeka kwezintaba zezwekazi laseNingizimu Melika kanye ne-Afrika. Namuhla i-Atlantic Ocean yiyo ephethe ukuhlukanisa lezi zintaba.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-Paleoclimatic
Isimo sezulu naso sisize ukuhunyushwa kwalo mbono. Ubufakazi bephethini efanayo yokuqhuma batholakala kumazwekazi ahlukene. Njengamanje, izwekazi ngalinye linombuso walo wemvula, umoya, izinga lokushisa, njll. Kodwa-ke, lapho wonke amazwekazi akha elinye, kwaba nesimo sezulu esihlangene.
Ngokwengeziwe, amadiphozi afanayo e-moraine atholakele eNingizimu Afrika, eNingizimu Melika, e-India nase-Australia.
Izigaba zokukhukhuka kwezwekazi
Ukuqhuma kwamazwekazi kuye kwenzeka kuwo wonke umlando weplanethi. Ngokwesimo samazwekazi emhlabeni, impilo yakhiwe ngandlela thile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukukhukhuleka kwezwekazi linezigaba eziphawuleka kakhulu ezikhomba ukuqala kokwakhiwa kwamazwekazi futhi, ngawo, kwe izindlela ezintsha zempilo. Siyakhumbula ukuthi izidalwa eziphilayo zidinga ukuzivumelanisa nemvelo futhi, ngokuya ngezimo zazo zesimo sezulu, ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kuphawulwa ngezimpawu ezahlukahlukene.
Sizohlaziya ukuthi iziphi izigaba eziyinhloko zokukhukhuka kwezwekazi:
- Cishe iminyaka eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-1100 edlule: ukwakheka kwezwekazi lokuqala okwenzeka emhlabeni kwenzeka eRodinia. Ngokuphikisana nenkolelo evamile, uPangea wayengeyena owokuqala. Noma kunjalo, ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi amanye amazwekazi adlule abekhona akunqatshiwe, yize bungekho ubufakazi obanele.
- Cishe iminyaka eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-600 edlule: URodinia uthathe cishe iminyaka eyizigidi eziyi-150 wahlukana futhi kwaqanjwa ibhande lezwekazi lesibili elibizwa ngokuthi iPannotia. Sinesikhathi esifushane, seminyaka eyizigidi ezingama-60 kuphela.
- Cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-540 edlule, IPannotia yahlukana yaba yiGondwana neProto-Laurasia.
- Cishe iminyaka eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-500 edlule: IProto-Laurasia yahlukaniswa yaba amazwekazi amathathu amasha abizwa ngeLaurentia, iSiberia, neBaltic. Ngale ndlela, lesi sigaba sakhiqiza izilwandle ezimbili ezintsha ezaziwa ngokuthi i-Iapetus neKhanty.
- Cishe iminyaka eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-485 edlule: I-Avalonia yehlukaniswe neGondwana (izwe elihambisana ne-United States, Nova Scotia ne-England. IBaltic, iLaurentia, ne-Avalonia zashayisana zakha i-Euramérica.
- Cishe iminyaka eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-300 edlule: kwakukhona amazwekazi amakhulu ama-2 kuphela. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, sinePangea. yayikhona cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-225 edlule. I-Pangea kwakuwukuba khona kwe-supercontinent eyodwa lapho zonke izinto eziphilayo zisakazeka khona. Uma sibheka isilinganiso sesikhathi sokwakheka komhlaba, siyabona ukuthi leli lizwekazi elikhulu lalikhona ngesikhathi sePermian. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, sineSiberia. Womabili la mazwekazi ayezungezwe i-Panthalassa Ocean, okuwukuphela kolwandle olwalukhona.
- Laurasia noGondwana: Ngenxa yokuhlukana kwePangea, kwasungulwa iLaurasia neGondwana. I-Antarctica nayo yaqala ukwakheka kuyo yonke inkathi yeTriassic. Kwenzeka eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-200 eyedlule futhi kwaqala ukwehluka kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo.
Ukusatshalaliswa kwamanje kwezinto eziphilayo
Yize lapho amazwekazi esehlukanisiwe uhlobo ngalunye lwathola igatsha elisha ekuziphendukeleni kwemvelo, kunezinhlobo ezinezici ezifanayo kumazwekazi ahlukene. Lokhu kuhlaziywa kufana nokufana kofuzo nezinhlobo ezivela kwamanye amazwekazi. Umehluko phakathi kwabo ukuthi baguquke ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngokuzitholela kuzilungiselelo ezintsha. Isibonelo salokhu umnenke wasengadini esitholakale eNyakatho Melika nase-Eurasia.
Ngabo bonke lobu bufakazi, uWegener wazama ukuvikela umbono wakhe. Zonke lezi zimpikiswano bezigculisa umphakathi wesayensi. Wayethole ngempela ukutholwa okukhulu obekuzovumela ukuqhamuka kwesayensi.


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KwakungoLwesibili futhi kungafundwa. Zonke izingane zazizohlanganela emtatsheni wezincwadi ngoba kwakuwusuku olukhethekile. KwakuwuSuku Lomhlaba Wonke Lokwazi Ukufunda Nokubhala kanti abantu emhlabeni wonke babezofunda, babhale, futhi balalele izindaba ngalo lona lolo suku.
UNeo wayegcwele injabulo. Umbhali wakhe amthandayo, uJoan Rankin, wayezoba khona emtatsheni wezincwadi ezofunda izincwadi azibhalile, futhi ubaba wakhe wayethembise indodakazi ukuthi uzoyihambisa iyombona. UNeo wayebhale incwadi ekhethekile ngaye, futhi wayengasakwazi ukulinda ukumnika yona.
Kodwa lapho uNeo evuka ngoLwesibili ekuseni, kwakukhona umsindo oxakile ophuma ekhishini. Wayobheka. Umshini wokuwasha wawenza umsindo okhehlezelayo, ofuze ukukhwehlela, kwakungathi uzoqhuma.
Ubaba kaNeo wazobheka. “Ohhe!” kusho yena. “Kungenzeka ukuthi kufe iphampu. Kuzobiza ukuyilungisa. Kungenzeka kudingeke ukuthi sithenge umshini wokuwasha omusha.”
“Angeke sikwazi ukuthenga umshini wokuwasha omusha,” kusho umama kaNeo. “Ngeke kodwa wawulungisa, bandla? Kumele ngiye emsebenzini, futhi kunezingubo eziningi ezingcolile.”
Ubaba wayengathandi ukubona umama kaNeo ephatheke kabi kangaka, ngakho wathi, “Ngizowulungisa. uNeo uzongisiza. Ngizothola isizindalwazi esizongikhombisa ukuthi ilungiswa kanjani imishini ephukile.”
“Kodwa Baba, ubungithembise ukuthi sizoya emtatsheni wezincwadi,” kusho uNeo.
“Kuzomele kume kancane lokho, Neo. Ubaluleke kakhulu umshini wokuwasha. Mhlawumbe angakuhambisa uGogo,” kusho uBaba.
“Ngiyaphuma nami namhlanje,” kusho uGogo, enikina ikhanda lakhe. “Ngiyaxolisa, Neo. Kuzomele uye ngesonto elizayo.”
UNeo waphatheka kabi kakhulu. “Kodwa, Baba, ubungithembisile ukuthi uzongisa emtatsheni wezincwadi,” kusho yena. “Kumele sihambe masinyane nje.”
UBaba walanda ibhokisi lakhe lamathuluzi wase ecinga ikhasi ku-google kumakhalekhukhwini wakhe lapho okuthi khona: “Ilungiswa kanjani iphampu yomshini wokuwasha”.
“Nanti,” esho kuNeo, emkhombisa ikhasi. “Lokhu akubukeki kunzima kakhulu.” Wabe esedonsa umshini wokuwasha, wase ewuphendula ukuze akwazi ukuwuvula ngemuva.
Kodwa ukulungisa umshini kwakunzima kunendlela okwakubukeka ngayo.
“Kunomdwebo lapha,” kukhonona uBaba, ebheke ucingo lwakhe. “Kodwa mncane kakhulu, angikwazi ukubona ukuthi yini engena kuphi.”
Kusenjalo uBaba wawisa esinye isikru esagingqika sayongena ngaphansi kwefriji, kwadingeka ukuthi asuse ifriji ukuze akhiphe isikru. UNeo wabuka iwashi. Kwase kugamenxe ihora lesishiyagalolunye. Kusele isigamu sehora ngaphambi kokuba kufike uJoan Rankin emtatsheni wezincwadi.
“Ngiyakucela bandla, Baba,” esho, egxuma ngalo omlenze abuye agxume ngomunye. “Ngicela, usheshise ukuze sikwazi ukuya emtatsheni wezincwadi. Kumele sihambe manje.”
“Ngimatasatasa la futhi awungisizi ngalutho, Neo!” UBaba wayebukeka ethukuthele.
UNeo wayephatheke kabi. Ubaba wakhe wayemthembise ukumhambisa, kodwa manje kwakungasahambi ngokohlelo.
“LUTHO, LUTHO, LUTHO,” kumemeza uBaba. “Angikukholwa lokhu!”
“Yini?” Kubuza uNeo ngezwi elincane.
“Seliyaphela ibhethri locingo lwami!” kumemeza uBaba. “Ngicela ungilandele ishaja.”
Kodwa kwathi kusenjalo kwathi nyampu ugesi.
“Ohhe,” kusho uNeo. “Sekuhambe nogesi.”
Ubaba wayebukeka ethukuthele kakhulu. “Lolu nguLwesibili olubi kunabo bonke. Bese ngiphakathi nokulungisa umshini kodwa manje angisakwazi ukufunda ukuthi yini elandelayo okumele ngiyenze.”
UNeo wanqekuzisa ikhanda. “Yebo, nguLwesibili olubi kunabo bonke. Awukwazi ukulungisa umshini, kanti nami ngizophuthelwa nguJoan Rankin,” kodwa akabange esaqhubeka ngoba wayebona ukuthi uBaba uthukuthele kakhulu. UNeo wazilahlela etafuleni lasekhishini wafihla ikhanda lakhe ngezingalo.
UBaba waqoqa amathuluzi akhe. “Akukho okutheni esingakwenza njengamanje,” kusho yena.
UNeo waphakamisa ikhanda lakhe kancane. Iwashi lalithi kusele imizuzu eyishumi ngaphambi kokushaya kwehora leshumi. Babesengakwazi ukufika emtatsheni wezincwadi – bazofika ngemva kwesikhathi, kodwa uzokwazi ukubona uJoan Rankin futhi uzokwazi ukumnikeza isipho sakhe. Waphenya amakhasi encwadi encane ayeyenzile. Wayebhale indaba futhi wadweba izithombe, kanti uGogo wayemsize ukuthi ayihlanganise kanye nangokwenza ikhava. UBaba wayezama ukwehlisa umoya. Wacosha incwadi kaNeo. “Yini le, Neo?” kubuza yena.
“Incwadi yami,” kusho uNeo ngezwi elincane, “bengizoyinikeza umbhali engimthandayo, e …” Akazange awuqede umusho.
“Woza,” kumemeza uBaba, ethatha izikhiya zakhe zemoto. “Kumele sihambe MANJE! Sisengakwazi ukufika ngesikhathi emtatsheni wezincwadi uma nje singasheshisa.”
UJoan Rankin wayeseqalile ukufundela izingane indaba yakhe ngesikhathi uNeo noBaba wakhe bengena emtatsheni wezincwadi begijima. UNeo wathola isihlalo emuva wase ehlala phansi ukuze alalele. Yayimnandi indaba kaJoan, kanjalo nezithombe zakhe. UNeo wayefisa sengathi angakwazi ukudweba njengaye ngelinye ilanga.
Kambe yini eyabanhle nakakhulu? Lapho eseqedile nangemva kokuba uNeo esemkhombise incwadi yakhe, wacabanga ukuthi iyisimanga.
“Ngabe yonke le ndaba ibhalwe nguwe wedwa ngempela?” kubuza yena.
“Yebo,” kusho uNeo. “Kanti ngidwebe nezithombe futhi. Yisipho sakho, Mama.”
UJoan Rankin wabe esevula isikhwama sakhe wase ekhipha enye yezincwadi zakhe. Ngaphakathi kwayo wabhala ukuthi, “EkaNeo, obhala izincwadi ezimnandi”, wase esayinda igama lakhe ngamagama amakhulu, wase emnikeza yona.
Yayichichima injabulo kaNeo. Wankonkoshela incwadi engafuni ukuyidedela.
Kuthe kusenjalo kweza uBaba. “Angeke ukukholwe lokhu,” kusho yena. “Ngithole incwadi emayelana nokuthi ikhandwa kanjani imishini yokuwasha, ake ubheke nje – imidwebo mikhulu futhi icacile. Kungani ungangitshelanga ukuthi umtapo wezincwadi unezincwadi ezifana nale, Neo?”
UBaba wawola uNeo. “Izincwadi zinhle kakhulu. Amabhethri azo awapheli, futhi ungazifunda noma kusahambe ugesi.”
UNeo wamamathekiswa yinjabulo wase enqekuzisa ikhanda. Kwakuyiqiniso elimsulwa lelo. Ungafunda incwadi noma yikuphi futhi noma yinini.


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