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Impilo, Izifo nemibandela
Dystonia, izimpawu kanye nokwelashwa
Iziguli eziningi ukuzwa uphethwe "IRR", Angazi ukuthi yini lesi sifo futhi indlela yokuphatha kulo. Lapha sinikeza impendulo yalowo mbuzo futhi akuchazele ukuthi lokhu dystonia.
Izimpawu zayo kungaba efana izimpawu ezinye izifo. Kodwa IRR akusona isifo - a syndrome evelayo ngenxa yikuphi ukwephula nempilo yabantu, noma kungaba ukukhathala elula noma ukugula okungathí sina. Futhi indlela kuphela efanele ukwelapha dystonia - ukubona futhi uqede zonke izimbangela zokuhlupheka ivela khona.
Lokhu syndrome yisimo ukungasebenzi kwekhono autonomic nervous system elawula umzimba kuvumelana kwalo. Ngenxa yokwehluleka ANS ukusebenza umuntu ukushisa exchange ukuhlukumeza, wokugaya ukudla, kwegazi, umsebenzi zokuzala. Dystonia, izimpawu zazo thina uchaze ngezansi, ungase ubone umuntu nganoma isiphi yobudala. Kungaba ukuzibonakalisa unomphela noma ube umlingisi zezinhlekelele (yokufikelwa, ukushaywa uvalo ngaphandle kwesizathu, njll).
Ngakho safunda ukuthi vegetative dystonia, njll ukhulume izizathu nesenzakalo yayo kanye nokwelashwa.
Kungani IRR? Ziyini izimbangela eziyinhloko zalokhu we syndrome ukucindezeleka, nezifo zengqondo, izifo yomgogodla wesibeletho, imiphumela ukubheduka we ikhanda nentamo, endocrine neziyaluyalu, izifo ezithathelwanayo, komzimba, izinkinga esiqeshini gastro-emathunjini. izinhlelo eziningi futhi izitho ilawulwe autonomic nervous system uqale ukuba ungabe usasebenza kahle ngesikhathi zokugula ezifana dystonia.
Izimpawu IRR:
- Nezici ezithile ukuze ishayela phansi nomfutho wegazi ophezulu noma hypotension, okusheshayo noma.
- ukukhathala okungamahlalakhona, ukungabekezelelani emsebenzini ezinkulu noma isikhathi eside.
- Coldness noma ukushisa, kanye isifiso ukuzizwa obupholile, emikhawulweni abandayo, ngamanzi, ukwenyuka okuncane nje kwamazinga nezinga lokushisa komzimba.
- Ukwephula isisu namathumbu (kungaba ukuqunjelwa noma isifo sohudo, DZHVP, ubuhlungu spastic).
- iziyaluyalu Nervous - okuncane yokukhathala kwemizwa, ubuhlungu bekhanda, ukucasuka, isiyezi, unenkinga, ukungasebenzi ocansini.
- isikhumba Ukujuluka noma ezomile.
- uvalo, yokufikelwa, ukuquleka, vagoinsulyarnye, sympathadrenalic noma izinhlekelele eziyinkimbinkimbi.
Nge ukuphindaphinda njalo izimpawu ngenhla kufanele kudokotela abangakwazi ukwenza i ukusazi ngokunembile isifo esikuphethe futhi zibeka ukwelashwa.
Kodwa dystonia, izimpawu okuyizinto edidayo, hhayi nje itholiwe. Ukuze uqinisekise uphethwe kudinga luhlolo kanye nokubonisana ongoti ahlukahlukene: Umeluleki, ophthalmologist, udokotela wezinzwa, udokotela wezifo zabesifazane, endocrinology, wenhliziyo. Ugwema khona yokungenwa yizifo organic babelwa Ngokwalokhu kucwaninga izikhalazo lesiguli kanye nezimpawu. Isiguli kufanele kube ngokuningiliziwe elikhulu ukuchaza imizwa yami ngesikhathi kuhlasela, ukuze bakwazi ukwakha isithombe esinembile kakhulu lesi sifo. Uma uphethwe "VSD" futhi ukuvala amathuba khona udokotela isifo ukuphathwa kwabathintwayo sinquma ukwelashwa ngabanye.
Indlela esiphatha ngayo dystonia vegetative? Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuba sivumelanise indlela yabo yokuphila: ukwenza ezemidlalo imidlalo, ukuxazulula umsebenzi kanye nokuphumula, ngokuvamile ehamba emoyeni opholile, iya ku imvelo, ushawa Ngokuphambene, balandele yokudla, ukulala amahora ngosuku okungenani eyisishiyagalombili. Abantu nale syndrome Kunconywa ukwelashwa kulesi sibhedlela (izikhungo isiqondiso esithinta izinzwa) Umeluleki Active, Reflexology, aromatherapy massage, Physiotherapy. Lokhu kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokuphathwa, okuyinto, ngeshwa, iziguli eziningi ungathathi sina, okuholela esiya ngokuya siba sibi isimo sabo.
ukwelashwa izidakamizwa VSD siqukethe zinhlungu futhi antidepressant. Umuthi ezinqunyiwe ngamunye isiguli ngasinye kuye isithombe emtholampilo yokugula kwakhe.
Ekwelapheni VSD Futhi liye asebenzisa ngayo ngokuphumelelayo amakhambi nge sine nokuchayeka antidepressant okudambisa ukukhathazeka, ukushintshashintsha ukuzinza, ukuqeda ukuzikhandla ngokweqile engqondo.
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Bhekisiswa ontanga ukulinganisa umsebenzi okwenziwa ngumuntu oyedwa noma abaningi abanamakhono afanayo njengabakhiqizi bomsebenzi (ontanga). Isebenza njengendlela yokuzibamba ngamalungu afanelekile wezobuchwepheshe ngaphakathi kwalokhu ofanele field. Izindlela zokubuyekezwa kontanga zisetshenziselwa ukugcina izindinganiso zekhwalithi, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza, nokunikeza ukuthembeka. In Academia, ukubuyekezwa kontanga kwezazi isetshenziswa kaningi ukuthola i iphepha lokufundaUkufaneleka kokushicilelwa.Kusuka ku-Wikipedia, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peer_review
Izimpendulo kanye nokubuyekezwa kontanga
Umbhalo wesandla wokuqala unguqulo yombhali ye-athikili futhi imvamisa ihanjiswa kujenali ukuze ibuyekezwe ontanga. Ngokwesiko, ibhodi yokuhlela yejenali libhekele ukuhlanganiswa kwenqubo yokubuyekezwa.
Izinhlelo zokubuyekezwa kontanga zihluka phakathi kokungaziwa noma 'okungaboni', ukungaboni okubili nokungavuleki kontanga futhi kuncike ekutheni umbhali kanye nombuyekezi bayazi ngobunikazi bomunye nomunye noma cha futhi uma umbiko wokubuyekezwa utholakala esidlangalaleni noma kuphela ebhodini lokuhlela le iphephabhuku nombhali.
Namuhla, izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokubuyekezwa kontanga zikhona ezinye esizethula lapha. Abanye abalingani bethu ahlinzeke ngezinsizakalo ezifaka noma ezinikezela ngengqalasizinda yedijithali yokuchazwa kombhalo kanye nokubuyekezwa kontanga kombhalo wakho wesandla.
Ukwamukela noma ukunikeza impendulo kulungiselelwa okubanjelwe epulatifomu ye-KiaArXiv siphakamisa izinketho ezilandelayo:
Imibhalo yokubuyekezwa komphakathi ivuliwe Ukubuka kabusha
Umsebenzi wePrereview ukuletha ukwehluka okuningana ekubuyekezweni kontanga ngokwezifundo ngokusekela kanye nokunika amandla umphakathi wabaphenyi, ikakhulukazi labo abasezigabeni zokuqala zomsebenzi wabo (ama-ECR) ukubukeza okwandulelayo.
Ku-PREreview sikholelwa ukuthi bonke abacwaningi kufanele bavunyelwe ukusiza abanye ngokubukeza umsebenzi wontanga babo, inqobo nje uma kwenziwa ngokwakha.
Ukuqeqesha abacwaningi ukuthi banikeze impendulo eyakhayo
Ngokuyindida, ngenkathi ukubukeza kontanga kuyingxenye esemqoka yokusakazwa kwesayensi, bambalwa kakhulu ososayensi abathola noma yikuphi ukuqeqeshwa okusemthethweni kukho.
Funda kabanzi ku- okuqukethwe.prereview.org/about/
Thumela umbhalo wakho wesandla I-PeerCommunityIn
I-Peer Community ku… (PCI) yinhlangano yesayensi engenzi inzuzo esekelwe eFrance ehlose ukudala imiphakathi ethile yabaphenyi abukethayo futhi bayancomela, mahhala, ukubhala okungashicilelwe emkhakheni wabo.
I-PCI inikezela ngenqubo yokuncoma yamahhala yamalungiselelo wesayensi (kanye nemibhalo eshicilelwe) ngokususelwa ekubuyekezweni kontanga.
- Hambisa ilungelo le-PCI lokuyobuyekezwa (Kanjani).
- Abacebisi be-PCI banayo Izinsuku ezingama-20 zokuthatha isinqumo kulwandiso lwakho.
- Uma sekubanjwe umphathi, umnikazi wakho uzobuye abukezwe yontanga okungenani ababuyekezi ababili.
- Uyamukela obukezayo namazwana wokuphawula ukuze ulungiselele Isibuyekezo esibukeziwe se-Prerint yakho.
- I-PCI inikeza isifanekiso kumbhali ukulungiselela inguqulo yokugcina yombhalo ngama-logo we-PCI kanye nesethenjwa sesincomo.
- Ukuncoma nemibiko yokubuyekezwa kushicilelwe kuwebhusayithi yePCI. Uhlobo lwe-pdf lokunconywa kwe-PCI nemibiko yokubuyekezwa ingafakwa kungomlando womlobi njengoba izinto zokwengeza.
- Izincomo ze-PCI zommeli wokuqala zithola a I-Crossref DOI elixhumeke kwirekhodi lasekuqaleni le-inthanethi.
- Vuselela irekhodi lakho langaphambi kwepulatifomu ye-KiaArXiv kufaka phakathi isincomo se-PCI.
- Umbambiso onconyiwe usengathunyelwa kujenali. Funda kabanzi ku- peercommunityin.org/pci-friendly-journals.
Mbhalo wesandla ongaziwa Hypothes.is
Uhlelo lokusebenza le-browser kanye ne-bookmarklet Hypothes.is inika amandla ukuthatha-inothi kwamazinga noma imisho ngaphezulu kwezindaba, ama-blogi, izihloko zesayensi, izincwadi, imigomo yokusebenza, imizamo yokuvota, umthetho nokuningi.
Kwesinye isikhathi okubizwa ngokuthi 'ukubuyekezwa kontanga yomphakathi' ungafunda futhi ukhiphe imibhalo yesandla eyamukelwe kunoma yiliphi ipulatifomu lomlingani wethu osebenzisa iHypothes.is - uzenzele noma wenze izichasiselo zakho zibe sesidlangalaleni kwabanye abasebenzisi beHypothes.is.
Amaphrinta we-OSF okubala AfricArXiv / OSF nezinye izinsiza zokuphrinta komphakathi zihlangana nazo Hypothes.is ukwenza okuvelele komphakathi nezichasiselo kufundwe kunoma ngubani.
Funda kabanzi ku- usizo.osf.io/…Annotate-a-Preprint futhi web.hypothes.is/research/.
Bukeza esidlangalaleni noma iyiphi i-athikili IsayensiOpen
IsayensiOpen kuyipulatifomu etholakalayo enezici ezisebenzayo zezazi zokuthuthukisa ucwaningo lwazo obala, zinomthelela, futhi zithole udumo ngalo.
Nikeza noma uthole ukubuyekezwa kontanga okuhlelekile kunoma yiziphi izindatshana zocwaningo ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-60 namarekhodi akwi-inthanethi endaweni yesikhulumi seScienceOpen. Funda kabanzi ku- mayelana.scienceopen.com/peer-review-guidlines/.
Ngayo I-AfricaArXiv Preprints ukuqoqwa ku IsayensiOpen kungenzeka ukuthi ababhali bacele abanye abacwaningi ukuthi banikeze isibuyekezo sontanga esimisiwe ekhasini lokuqala lemibhalo ngqo epulatifomu leSayensiOpen. Funda kabanzi ku- scienceopen.com/collection/SOPreprints
Uma kwenzeka unemibuzo ekuhlolweni kokubuyekezwa kontanga okuqhutshwa ngumphakathi kwemibhalo yesandla eyakhiwe kuqala ungaxhumana nathi lapho info@africarxiv.org.

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Ukuvuka ekuseni akulula, kodwa abanye nzima nakakhulu ekuseni ukuya aphume eshaweni. Konke kuqala limnandi, uyayijabulela amanzi ashisayo, esigubuzele umzimba, bese uvala isikulufu esiqiniselwe ekugcineni kwethumbu, ukudansela isiginci sakhe emuva kwesihenqo futhi ibhoboze amakhaza! Kungani abandayo ngakho emva eshaweni? Impendulo ulula!
ukuhwamuka
Isizathu salokhu itholakala umqondo amanzi ukuhwamuka. Uma umuntu ephuma eshaweni, amathonsi asele amanzi esikhumbeni uqale shabalala. Ukuze ibe igesi, energy ezishisayo yamanzi adingekayo. Lokhu amandla elamukelayo lusuka imvelo. Ngenxa iconsi esikhumbeni kubonakale abandayo futhi iqhwa. Lo mphumela akusho ugqozi injabulo ebusika, kodwa ingaba mnandi ehlobo. Kuyinto efanayo ukuze isimiso nesenzakalo izithukuthuku, esebenza njengesikhali yemvelo Ukupholisa indlela. Sweat kungasizi phakathi kwezinsuku ezimanzi kuphela - ngesikhumba akusho shabalala, uhlushwa nokushisa kanye nomswakama. Kungenxa yezizathu ezifanayo nezethu, amanzi akusho shabalala kusukela isikhumba futhi inhliziyo - kukhona umoya onomswakama kakhulu. Kodwa ngaphandle emoyeni eshaweni gumbi kuyinto uya woma kakhulu, ukuze ukuhwamuka kwamanzi kungaphazamisi. Yingakho uzizwa ukuthi ngemva kokukhululwa kwe umphefumulo abandayo okukhulu, okubangela isifiso ngokushesha ukugoqa sengisekamu ithawula noma ingubo efudumele.


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Izimbangela, izimpawu, ukwelashwa kwe-lactic acidosis kushukela
Ngokwe-metabolism ejwayelekile, i-lactate (okuvela ku-lactic acid) ne-pyruvate (okuvela ku-nepruvic acid) empeleni zikhona egazini. Bahambelana 1:10. Ngomzimba ongasebenzi kahle, okuqukethwe kwe-lactate kukhulisa okuphindwe kathathu noma ngaphezulu, futhi kubangele i-metabolic acidosis, ekwandiswe yi-hypoxia. Indlela yegazi iguqukela ohlangothini lwe-acid, ekhulisa ukumelana kwe-insulin, okuthi nayo ithuthukise ukwakheka kwe-lactic acid. Kwakhiwa “umbuthano onobubi”.
Lesi simo sicaphukisa ukubola okusheshayo kwe-pyruvic acid ngenxa yokuntuleka kwe-insulin. Leli qiniso libamba iqhaza ekwakhekeni kwe-lactic acid eyedlulele, eyingozi kakhulu empilweni.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokwanda kwe-insulin, ama-hormone ama-contra-hormonal abhekene ne-carbohydrate metabolism aqala ukukhiqizwa ngentshiseko, okuhlanekezela imetabolism yamafutha futhi kukhuphule izinga lama-asidi wamahhala. Le nqubo ithinta kabi uhlelo lwangaphakathi lwezinzwa futhi ibangela nezimpawu ze-neuropsychiatric.
I-intoxication, i-acidosis kanye nokulahleka komswakama kuholela ekwakhiweni kwesifo sikashukela. I-intoxication ikhuliswa yi-metabolism engajwayelekile, enomthelela ekubonakala kwe-hyperazotemia (iphesenti elikhulayo lemikhiqizo ye-metabolic egazini).
Umphumela uba:
- ubuthakathaka
- ukucekelwa phansi kwemizwa
- ukwanda komsebenzi wezinzwa ophakeme.
Nge-lactic acidosis, umsebenzi wokuphefumula uyawohloka (ukuphefumula kweKussmaul)
Ngayinye yalezi zigameko ingadala ukufa.
I-Lactic acidosis yohlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela ivela, njengomthetho, ngokuhlanganiswa kwezinto eziningana, okubandakanya:
- ukukhiqizwa okwandayo kwe-lactic acid ngenxa yokusebenzisa ama-Biguanides (amaphilisi anciphisa ushukela wegazi), ukubulawa okunamandla kwesifo sikashukela, i-acidosis yomsuka ohlukile,
- ukuncipha kokuvunyelwa kwe-lactic acid ngotshwala, i-pathologies yesibindi,
- ukwehla ngasikhathi sinye kokuvunyelwa kwe-lactic acid ne-biguanides uma kwenzeka umsebenzi wokuphazamiseka wezinso noma ukuphathwa kwe-intravenous kwezinto ze-radiopaque,
- izicubu hypoxia njengokwehluleka kwenhliziyo, isifo senhliziyo, i-pathologies emithanjeni yethambo, izifo zohlelo lokuphefumula, i-anemia yezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene,
- isethi yezizathu ezidonsela ukunqwabelana kwe-lactic acid (ukuwohloka kwesimo esijwayelekile somzimba, i-neoplasms enobungozi, ukucindezeleka okukhulu, izinkinga zesifo sikashukela, iminyaka yobudala obungaphezulu kuka-60, ukulimala kanzima, izifo ezihambisanayo zemvelo yokutheleleka noma ukuvuvukala, ukopha, ingculaza, njll.),
- ukuntuleka kwe-thiamine emzimbeni (uvithamini B 1).
Ukukhulelwa nakho kuyimbangela ye-lactic acidosis kuhlobo 2 sikashukela
Akunakwenzeka ukubikezela ukuvela kwale nkimbinkimbi; zonke izimbangela zihlobene. Uma isiguli sisengozini, kuyadingeka ukuthatha i-metformin neminye eminye imithi ngokuqukethwe kwayo.
Izimpawu ze-lactic acidosis zivele ngokuzumayo, zikhule kungakapheli amahora ambalwa futhi ziholele emiphumeleni engenakuphikwa ngaphandle kokuthola usizo lwezokwelapha ngesikhathi. Kulesi simo, akukho zanduleli eziqashelwayo.
Okuwukuphela kwesibonakaliso sokuqala esiyingqayizivele kwe-lactic acidosis kubuhlungu bemisipha (myalgia), lapho kungekho mzamo omkhulu womzimba. Izimpawu ezisele ezikhulayo esigabeni sokuqala se-lactic acidosis zingase zibe ezilandelanayo ekuphazamisekeni kwezempilo okuhlukahlukene.
- ama-syndromes ebuhlungu esiswini,
- isifo sohudo, ukugabha, ukushisa kwenhliziyo,
- ukubambezeleka kokukhipha umchamo noma ukuqeda ngokuphelele,
- ukozela noma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuqwasha,
- ubuthakathaka
- ukuphefumula
- ukunganaki
- umuzwa wobunzima ngemuva kwe sternum.
Isikhumba esomile singakhombisa i-lactaciadosis
Amazinga we-lactate akhula ngokushesha, okuholela futhi:
- i-hyperventilation enconsisayo ngenxa ye-tishu hypoxia. Lokhu kuholela ekubonakaleni kokuphefumula okunomsindo, okungazwakala kukude ngamamitha ambalwa, kwezinye izimo kuphenduka ukububula (Ukuphefumula kukaKussmaul). Uma ukhipha, iphunga le-acetone alenzeki,
- ukwehluleka okukhulu kwenhliziyo, okungenakusetshenziswa ngezindlela ezijwayelekile. Kunokwehla okubukhali kwengcindezi yegazi. Isimo sikhulu ngesigqi senhliziyo esiphazamisekile, okungaholela ekuqhekekeni nasekuwohlokeni kwe-myocardial,
- ukungavikeleki kwemisipha okungahleliwe kuholela kumaqhubu,
- ukuntuleka komoya-mpilo kanye noshukela osebuchosheni kuholela ekubuthweni kwemizwa. Ukuvela kwe-excitability okwandayo (hyperkinesis) noma i-paresis kuyabonakala. Iqoqo lokunaka liyaphazamiseka. Isimo se-delirium sithathelwa indawo yi-stupor,
- i-intravascular coagulation (DIC). Lolu phawu luyingozi kakhulu. Ngisho nangemva kokumisa izimpawu ze-lactic acidosis, izingxenyana zegazi ziyaqhubeka nokuhamba ngohlelo lokujikeleza kwegazi, okungaholela ku-thrombosis (ukuqhuma kwemithambo yegazi). Lokhu kugqame ngokubonakala kwe-necrosis yeminwe yezitho nezitho zomzimba emadodeni. Lokhu kudalwa komoya kukhuthaza ubuthi, futhi nokukhishwa okulandelayo.
Isimo somtholampilo se-lactic acidosis sifana nezimpawu zemiphumela ye-pathological emzimbeni we-methanol, acetic acid, salicylates, kanye ne-ketoacidosis.
Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi usizo lokuqala lokutholakala kwezimpawu ze-lactic acidosis luqukethe ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo kwesiguli. Lapho kwenzeka ukuthi kubuhlungu izinhlungu zemisipha, kukalwa amazinga kashukela, futhi ngokuwohloka okubukhali empilweni, kubizwa i-ambulensi. Ukuzelapha ngokwakho ezinkingeni kuzoholela emiphumeleni emibi.
Ukuxilonga
Ukuxilongwa kwe-lactic acidosis kwenziwa kuphela esikhungweni sezokwelapha futhi kubandakanya:
- Umlando uthatha ngokuxoxisana nesiguli noma nabantu abahamba naye.
- Ukutadisha kwezimpawu zesimo se-pathological.
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okulinganisa izinga le-lactic acid, igebe le-anion, futhi kuhlole nesimo se-acid-base.
Nge-lactic acidosis, izinga le-lactic acid esegazini kufanele libe ngu-2.2-5.0 mmol / l, i-pH esegazini akufanele ibe ngaphezulu kuka-7.25. Ukuxilongwa kuqinisekiswa izinga elincishisiwe le-bicarbonate elingaphansi kwe-18 meq / l kanye nesikhathi sokukhula kwe-anionic (umehluko ekugxambeni phakathi kwe-sodium nenani le-chloride ne-bicarbonates) elingaphezu kwe-16 meq / l.
Futhi, isifo sikashukela se-lactic acidosis sihlukile nge:
- i-ketoacidosis, lapho iphunga ngayo i-acetone evela emgodleni womlomo kanye nokubonakala kwe-hyperketonemia ne ketonuria,
- i-uremic acidosis, ebonakala ngeleveli ekhuphukayo ye-creatinine egazini (ngaphezulu kwe-180 umol / l).
Ukuxilongwa kwe-lactic acidosis kufanele kwenziwe ezingeni lochwepheshe.
Esibhedlela, kubalulekile ukuqeda i-hypoxia ne-acidosis ngokushesha okukhulu.
Ukushintshwa kwe-pH esegazini kwenzeka ngokuphathwa kwe-sodium bicarbonate. Ngokuhambisana, okuqukethwe kwe-potassium egazini, kanye namanani we-pH ayaqashwa. Lesi sidakamizwa singadala imiphumela emibi, kuze kufike ku-edema yamakhemikhali. Ngalesi sizathu, le ndlela ibuyiselwa emuva lapho i-pH ingaphansi kuka-7.0, umthamo wesidakamizwa akufanele ube ngaphezu kwamalitha ama-2 ngosuku.
Ukuhoxisa isiguli ku-coma, kusetshenziswa izidakamizwa i-trisamine ne-methylene eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Ukuqedwa kwe-hypoxia kungenziwa kusetshenziswa i-oxygen therapy, kanye nomoya omncane wokuphefumula.
Ngokungeziwe ekwelashweni kwe-insulin kudingekile, kwenziwa kakhulu i-insulin.
Uma isiguli sisebenzisa ama-biguanides ngokushesha ngaphambi kokuqala kwenkinga, siyogeza isisu saso bese sikunikeza ama-enterosorbents (i-carbon eyenziwe isebenze, njll.). Kwezinye izimo, i-hemodialysis isetshenziselwa ukusheshisa ukuhoxiswa kwe-lactic acid.
Ngezinyathelo zokulwa nokuthuthumela, kusetshenziswa izixazululo eziguqula i-plasma kanye nama-adrenergic agonists (Dopamine, Norepinephrine, njll.).
Imithamo emincane ye-heparin iqeda i-DIC.
Izici ezingeziwe ezinomthelela we-lactic acidosis (izifo ezinzima, i-anemia, njll) nazo ziyaqedwa.
Ukuxhumana njalo nodokotela kunciphisa ingozi yezinkinga zesifo sikashukela
Izindlela zokuvimbela
Uhlobo lwesibili sikashukela yisifo esidinga ukubhekwa njalo kwempilo yakho:
- uhlolwa njalo ngudokotela,
- ungazenzisi. Yonke imithi kumele ithathwe kuphela ngokubonisana nodokotela. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ngokweqile kwabo, ukukhiqizwa ngokweqile kwe-lactic acid kungahle kubonwe,
- thatha izinyathelo ezidingekayo zokugwema izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane,
- qapha ushintsho esimweni sempilo lapho usebenzisa ama-biguanides,
- landela ukudla, ukwenza ngokomzimba kanye nokusebenza kwansuku zonke,
- lapho kuvela izimpawu eziphazamisayo, ngokushesha shayela i-ambulensi.
Kaningi, isiguli sifunda ngesifo sakhe sikashukela kuphela ngemuva kokuxilongwa kwe-lactic acidosis. Ukuhlolwa konyaka kuzosiza ukugwema isifo esiyingozi.
I-Lactic acidosis - iyini? Ungathola impendulo yombuzo ezintweni zokwakha ezikulo mbhalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imininingwane yokuthi yiziphi izimpawu zokuphambuka, izimbangela zokuvela kwayo nezindlela zokuphatha ezikhona zizokwethulwa ukunakwa kwakho.
Imininingwane ejwayelekile ngalesi sifo
Ngakho-ke, isihloko sengxoxo yethu yi-lactic acidosis. Kuyini futhi ukwelashwa kanjani? Lokhu kuphambuka lapho i-hyperlactacidemic coma icasukiswayo. Le nkinga isebenza kakhulu kwiziguli ezinesifo sikashukela. Ngemuva kwakho konke, ukunqwabelana kwe-lactic acid emzimbeni (esikhunjeni, ebuchosheni, emthanjeni wamathambo, njll.) Kungaqhubeka nokukhuthaza ukuthuthuka. Ngaphambi kokuqonda ukuthi ungakugwema kanjani ukunqwabelana okunjalo, kufanele ucabangele izimbangela eziningi zokuvela kwayo.
Izimbangela eziphambili
I-Lactic acidosis (izimpawu nokwelashwa kwalesi sifo kuzoxoxwa ngazo ngezansi) kungenzeka ngenxa yezimo ze-pathological ezifana:
- izifo ezithathelwanayo nezivuvukelayo,
- ukulimala kanzima emzimbeni
- ukwehluleka kwezinso
- uphuzo oludakayo,
- ukubekeka phansi kwe-myocardial,
- ukopha okukhulu
- isifo sesibindi.
Phakathi kokunye, phakathi kwezici ezibangela i-lactic acidosis, indawo ekhethekile ithathwa yi-biguanides. Ngakho-ke, izidakamizwa ezinciphisa ushukela, noma kumthamo omncane, zingavusa kalula le nkinga, ikakhulukazi ngokulimala kwesibindi noma kwezinso. Kufanele futhi kuqashelwe ukuthi i-pathology ebhekelwa kaningi yenzeka nge-skeletal misuli hypoxia, ekhula ngenxa yokuqina komzimba isikhathi eside. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imbangela yalesi sifo kwezinye izimo yi-leukemia kanye nezinye izinqubo ezithile zamathumbu. Lokhu kufaka futhi ukwehluleka kokuphefumula kanye nokushoda kwe-thiamine emzimbeni.
I-Lactic acidosis: Izimpawu zesifo
I-Pathology ikhula ngokushesha futhi ihlanganisa wonke umzimba emahoreni ambalwa. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngaphambi kokuqala kwenkambo yesifo esibuhlungu, isiguli ngokuvamile asinazimpawu. Yize kunezimpawu ezithile okungaqondakala ngazo ukuthi kukhona ngokweqile egazini, lezi zimpawu zihlanganisa:
- Ubuhlungu bemisipha
- ukunganaki
- Ubuhlungu emuva kwe-sternum,
- ukuphefumula ngokushesha
- ukuqwasha noma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukozela.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uphawu oluphambili lwalesi simo se-pathological lungabizwa ngokuthi ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo. Ngemuva kwakho konke, yilesi sifo esiyinkimbinkimbi ngenxa yokwanda kwe-acidity.
Izimpawu ze-lactic acidosis zivela kakhulu ngalesi sifo. Kulokhu, isiguli singazizwa sinomuzwa wokucanuzelelwa kwenhliziyo. Ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, ukuhlanza kubonwa ezigulini, okuthi izinhlungu ezinzima zesisu zijoyine kancane kancane. Uma kwenzeka ukuthi kulesi sigaba umuntu angalutholi usizo, isimo sakhe siba sibi kakhulu. Esimweni esinjalo, isiguli siyayeka ukubona okungokoqobo. Uqala ukuphendula kancane ezenzweni zabantu abaseduze kwakhe. Kwesinye isikhathi isiguli siba nokuvela kwemisipha ehlukahlukene ngokungakhethi, ngenxa yokuvela kokuqhekeka, khona-ke amandla okugibela imoto abekezelwa buthaka.
I-harbinger ye-hyperlactacidemic coma ukuphefumula ngezikhathi ezithile. Kulokhu, akukho phunga elivela ngaphandle eliqashelwayo (ngokwesibonelo, njengase-ketoacidosis). Ngemuva kwalokho umuntu umane alahlekelwe ukwazi.
I-Lactic acidosis: ukwelashwa kwalesi sifo
Ngesifo esinjalo, ukwelashwa kufanele kuhloswe ukuqeda ngokushesha i-hypoxia ne-acidosis. Ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo kufaka isixazululo se-intravenous (drip) se-sodium bicarbonate (4 noma 2,5%) kuze kufike kumalitha amabili ngosuku. Kulokhu, odokotela kufanele baqhubeke ngaphansi kokulawulwa okuqinile kwe-pH kanye namazinga e-potassium egazini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwelashwa kwe-insulin okunamandla noma i-monocomponent insulin therapy kuphoqelekile ku-lactic acidosis. Njengezidakamizwa ezengeziwe, odokotela basebenzisa ama-carboxylases ama-intravenous (idrip) ngesilinganiso sama-200 mg ngosuku. Ukwethulwa kwe-rheopolyglucin, i-plasma yegazi, kanye nemithamo emincane ye-heparin, enomthelela kulungiswa kwe-hemostasis, nakho kuyahambelana.
Ukuvikelwa kwezifo
Impendulo yombuzo: "I-Lactic acidosis - yini?" uyazi. Futhi ungazivikela kanjani izinkathazo ezinje? Izindlela zokuvimbela ukuvimbela ukuqala kwe-hyperlactacidemic coma ukuvimba kwe-hypoxia nokulawulwa kwesinxephezelo sikashukela. I-Lactic acidosis evela ekusetshenzisweni kwe-Biguanides idinga ukuqina okukhethekile ekuzimiseleni kwemithamo yomuthi ngamunye.
Imvamisa, lesi sifo sitholakala kulezi ziguli ezazingazi ngesifo sikashukela, ngenxa yokuthi lesi sifo saqhubeka ngaphandle kokwelashwa okudingekayo. Ukuvimbela ukuvela kwe-lactic acidosis, yonke imiyalo kadokotela oholayo kufanele ibhekwe ngokuqinile. Kuyadingeka futhi ukuthi kuqashelwe ukuguquguquka kwalesi sifo, ukuhlolwa njalo kwezokwelapha okugcwele, ukuthatha zonke izivivinyo futhi uthathe ukwelashwa okufanele. Uma kwenzeka noma yikuphi ukusola kwe-lactic acidosis, kufanele uthintane nodokotela we-endocrinologist ngaphandle kokulibala. Kungale ndlela kuphela ongavikela ngayo imiphumela emibi bese ususa izimpawu ezingezinhle ezihambisana nalesi sifo.
I-lactate yi-lactic acid, i-acidosis iyi-algorithm yokwandisa i-acidity. Ngakho-ke, i-lactic acidosis yakhiwa njengoba i-lactic acid iqongelela emzimbeni womuntu. Lesi simo siyingozi kakhulu kushukela, ngoba singavusa izinkinga eziningi, ngokwesibonelo, i-hyperlactacidemic coma. Ngokunikezwe lokhu kanye nokunye ukuxilongwa, kunconywa kakhulu ukunaka izimbangela, izimpawu, nezimpawu zokwelashwa kwe-lactic acidosis kushukela.
Yiziphi izimbangela ze-lactic acidosis?
Isimo se-pathological esiveziwe singenziwa ngenxa yezici ezahlukahlukene, isibonelo, izifo zesimo sokuvuvukala nesokutheleleka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukopha okukhulu, ubukhona botshwala obungamahlalakhona kanye ne-infarction ye-myocardial acute kubalwa njengezinto ezingabalulekile kangako. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ochwepheshe badonsela ukunakekela eqinisweni lokuthi ngohlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela, kungaba nomthelela kulokhu:
- ukulimala kanzima emzimbeni
- ukuba khona kokwehluleka kwezinso,
- ama-pathologies angamahlalakhona ahambisana nesibindi.
Isici esiholayo esidala ukwenzeka kwe-lactic acidosis kufanele sibhekwe njengokusetshenziswa kwe-biguanides.Ngakho-ke, ngokuvamile abanesifo sikashukela basebenzisa iMetformin. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi esimweni esethuliwe, izimpawu zesifo zenziwa ngokuqondile ezigulini ezinjalo ezisebenzisa ngasikhathi sinye izidakamizwa ezithile. Lesi isigaba esinciphisa ushukela ngesakhi esiveziwe ekwakhekeni.
Lapho kukhona umonakalo ezinso noma esibindini, noma inani elincane lama-biguanides lingavusa i-lactic acidosis.
Isimo esiveziwe sihambisana nokuqongelelwa kwezidakamizwa emzimbeni womuntu.
Ukuze ukhombe i-lactic acidosis kushukela, kunconywa kakhulu ukuthi unake kakhulu izimpawu zokwenziwa kwayo.
Ukubonakaliswa kwe-lactic acidosis ku-diabetesics kungenzeka kungabikho ngokuphelele, futhi ukushintshwa kwesimo ngqo kwifomu elinamandla kungathatha amahora amabili kuya amathathu. Isifo sikashukela siphawula izinhlungu emisipha nakwezinye izimpawu ezingezinhle ezivela ngemuva kwe-sternum. I-Lactic acidosis ibonakala ngokubonakaliswa njengokunganaki, ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokuphefumula. Ukuvela kokuqwasha nobunzima kungenzeka.
Ukuvela kokuhluleka kwenhliziyo kungabizwa ngokuthi uphawu lwakudala lohlobo olunamandla lwe-acidosis. Kunconywa ngokuqinile ukuthi:
- ukwephulwa okunjalo kuhlotshaniswa ne-contractility, okuyisimo se-myocardium ngenkathi kusungulwa i-lactic acidosis,
- i-lactic acidosis eyengeziwe ingahle ihlotshaniswe nokuwohloka okulandelayo esimweni esivamile,
- kodwa-ke, uma kunikezwa ukwanda kwe-acidosis, kubuhlungu esiswini, kanye nokuhlanza, kuyakhonjwa.
Uma isimo esivamile se-diabetesic lactic acidosis (noma, njengoba abanye besho, i-lactic acidosis) sikhuphuka ngokuzayo, khona-ke izimpawu zingashiyana kakhulu. Asikwazi ukukhuluma nge-areflexia kuphela, kodwa futhi ne-paresis (ukukhubazeka kokukhubazeka okungapheli) noma i-hyperkinesis (ukunyakaza okungahleliwe kwemisipha ehlukahlukene).
Izimpawu zokukhishwa nge-lactic acidosis
Ngaphambi nje kokuqala kokwehla komthambo, okuhambisana nokuphelelwa yithemba, umuntu onesifo sikashukela angakhonjwa ngokuphefumula okunomsindo onemisindo engafani nalutho ngaphakathi kwenqubo yokuphefumula. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi iphunga lesici se-acetone alicunuli i-lactic acidosis. Ngokuvamile, ukuphefumula okunjalo kwakhiwa ngohlobo lwe-2 okuthiwa yi-metabolic. Ukunakwa kufanele futhi kukhokhwe ekuokomeni kolwelwesi lulonke nendawo yolimi, isibalo sesikhumba ikakhulukazi, okungakhombisa ukuqala kokwehla komzimba.
Izindlela zokuthola i-lactic acidosis kuma-diabetes
Izindlela zokuxilonga ze-lactic acidosis nazo zonke izinkomba eziveziwe zingaba nzima. Yingakho izimpawu ze-pathology zizocatshangelwa, kepha njenge-asizayo eguquguqukayo. Ngokunikezwe lokhu, kunconywa kakhulu ukuthi unake iqiniso lokuthi iyidatha ye-elebhu enokwethenjwa okwanelisayo, okususelwa ekuboneni kwezinkomba ze-lactic acid egazini.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ochwepheshe kufanele bakhombe izinkomba ezinjengokwehla kwenani le-bicarbonate egazini, izinga le-hyperglycemia elinganiselayo, kanye nokungabikho kwe-acetonuria.
Kungemva kwalokhu lapho kuzokwazi ukuqala inkambo yokulungiswa okugcwele ngokuphelele, futhi kunconywa ukuthi ngezikhathi ezithile kwenziwe amasheke aphindaphindwe ukuqapha isimo.
Izici zokwelapha
Ngezimpawu ze-pathology ne-lactic acidosis uqobo, ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo kuzobandakanya ukuphathwa kwe-intravenous kwesisombululo se-sodium bicarbonate (4% noma 2,5%). Amavolumu alindelekile kufanele abe ngamalitha amabili ngosuku. Kunconywa kakhulu ukuthi ngaso sonke isikhathi ubheke isilinganiso se-pH ne-potassium egazini.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, phambi kwe-lactic acidosis kanye nezimpawu zayo, ukwelashwa kwe-insulin kwethulwa njengesilinganiso sokutakula. Ekhuluma ngempatho, kunconywa kakhulu ukuthi unake iqiniso lokuthi:
- ingaba ngezinhlobo ezimbili, okungukuthi, i-algorithm ye-genetic eveza i-algorithm noma i-monocomponent therapy ngokusebenzisa "insulin" emfushane,
- ekwelashweni kwezimpawu ze-lactic acidosis kushukela, ukusetshenziswa kwe-carboxylase ngezindlela zokudonsa kuvunyelwe. Lokhu kuyiqiniso lapho kwethula cishe ama-200 mg ngamahora angama-24,
- Ukwelashwa kuzoba nokulawulwa okuphathelene ne-plasma yegazi nokusetshenziswa kwesilinganiso esincane se-heparin.
Konke lokhu kufanele ngokuzayo kube nomthelela kulungiswa kwe-hemostasis. . Ukuze isifo sikashukela i-lactic acidosis singahambelani nokukhula kwezinkinga futhi singakhuphi isimo sesifo sikashukela sisonke, kunconyelwa kakhulu ukubhekana nezindlela ezithile zokuthibela.
Yiziphi izindinganiso zokuvimbela isifo sikashukela lactic acidosis?
Umgomo oholayo wezinyathelo zokuvimbela izifo ezethulwe kufanele ubhekwe njengokubandlululwa kwamathuba okuba nesibindi. Kunconywa kakhulu ukuthi uvikele noma yini engahle ihlotshaniswe ne-hypoxia. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukucabanga kokulawula ngesikhathi sikashukela i-mellitus, noma ngabe kuluhlobo lokuqala noma lwesibili, akunikezwa ukubaluleka kohlaka lokuvikela.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi i-lactic acidosis, izimpawu eziphambili zazo, njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, zingavela lapho kusetshenziswa ama-biguanides, zidinga ukunquma kahle imithamo yazo. Lokhu kudingekile ikakhulu ngokukhanselwa okusheshayo uma kwenzeka kwenzeka ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo ezithinta umzimba, ngokwesibonelo, nge-pneumonia.
Ngakho-ke, i-lactic acidosis yisimo esingemnandi kakhulu se-pathological esingahambisana noshukela.
Imvamisa, it, kanye nazo zonke izibonakaliso, kuba ngokungazelelwe futhi ngokushesha, kuvuse inkanuko. Kungakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukunaka izimpawu zesimo ngesikhathi futhi unganaki ukwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi - konke lokhu kuzosusa ukuthuthukiswa kwezinkinga nemiphumela ebucayi.
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Ngabe igama elithi “isifo sikashukela” lisho ukuthini empeleni?
Yini i-hormone enganele isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1?
Yisiphi isibonakaliso esingesona esokudla ushukela?
Isiphi isizathu esiyinhloko sokuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2?
I-Lactic acidosis iyinkimbinkimbi eyingozi, ebangelwa ukuqokelelwa kwe-lactic acid emithanjeni yamathambo, isikhumba nobuchopho, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwe-metabolic acidosis. I-Lactic acidosis icasisa ukuthuthukiswa kwe-hyperlactacidemic coma, ngakho-ke lokhu kugula kuyasebenza phakathi kweziguli ezinesifo sikashukela mellitus, okufanele zazi izimbangela zesimo se-pathological.
I-lactic acidosis ikhula kanjani
Ukubandakanyeka okukhulu lapho i-lactate ingena ngokushesha egazini yi-acid acid. I-lactic acidosis yohlobo 2 sikashukela i-mellitus ingenzeka ngemuva kokusetshenziswa kwemithi enciphisa ushukela . Lokhu kusabela okucishe kufane kumalungiselelo ezinhlobonhlobo ze-Biguanide (Metformin, Bagomet, Siofor, Glyukofazh, Avandamet). Isimo sihlukaniswe izinhlobo ezimbili:
- Thayipha i-lactic acidosis - i-tishu hypoxia. Umzimba awunayo i-oksijini ezifweni ezibucayi: i-sepsis, ukushaqeka kwe-septic, izigaba ezinzima zesifo sesibindi noma ngemuva kokuzivocavoca kakhulu komzimba.
- Uhlobo B lactic acidosis aluhlangene ne-hypoxia yezicubu zomzimba. Kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokwelashwa ngezidakamizwa ezithile ezilwa nesifo sikashukela nokutheleleka nge-HIV. I-Milk acidosis yalolu hlobo ivame ukuzibonakalisa iphikisana nesizinda sotshwala noma izifo zesibindi ezingalapheki.
I-lactic acidosis yakhiwa ngenxa yokungasebenzi kahle kwezinqubo ze-metabolic zomzimba. Isimo se-pathological senzeka lapho:
- Thayipha isifo sikashukela sesi-2.
- I-overdose ye-Metformin (kukhona ukugcwala kwesidakamizwa emzimbeni ngenxa yomsebenzi we-renal okhubazekile).
- Indlala ye-oksijini (hypoxia) yemisipha ngemuva kokuxineka ngokomzimba . Lesi simo somzimba singesesikhashana futhi sidlula sodwa ngemuva kokuphumula.
- Ukuba khona kwama-tumor emzimbeni (malignant or benign).
- I-Cardiogenic noma i-hypovolemic shock.
- Ukushoda kwe-Thiamine (Vit B1).
- Umdlavuza wegazi (i-leukemia).
- Ukulimala okubabazekayo.
- I-Sepsis.
- Izifo ezithathelanayo nezivuvukelayo ze-etiologies ezahlukahlukene.
- Ukuba khona kotshwala,
- Ukopha kakhulu.
- Ukuhlonza amanxeba emzimbeni wesifo sikashukela.
- I-infraction ye-myocardial esebenzayo.
- Ukwehluleka kokuphefumula.
- Ukwehluleka kwangempela
- Isifo sesibindi esingamahlalakhona.
- Ukwelashwa ngemishanguzo yokutheleleka nge-HIV. Leli qembu lezidakamizwa linikeza umthwalo omkhulu emzimbeni, ngakho-ke kunzima kakhulu ukugcina izinga elijwayelekile le-lactic acid egazini.
Izimpawu ze-lactic acidosis
Ubisi lwe-Milk acidosis ngesivinini sombani, ngokoqobo emahoreni ambalwa. Izimpawu zokuqala ze-lactic acidosis zibandakanya:
- isimo sokunganaki
- Ubuhlungu emuva kwe-sternum kanye nemisipha yamathambo,
- ukudideka esikhaleni,
- ulwelwesi olomile nolusu,
- kuphuzi kwamehlo noma kwesikhumba,
- ukubonakala kokuphefumula ngokushesha,
- ukubonakala kokushona nokuqwasha.
Uhlobo olunzima lwe-lactic acidosis esigulini lubonakaliswa ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo. Ukwephulwa okunjalo kubangela ushintsho ekuqaphelekeni kwe-myocardium (inani lezinkinga zenhliziyo lenyuka). Ngaphezu kwalokho, isimo esijwayelekile somzimba womuntu siya ngokuya sikhula, izinhlungu esiswini, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, isifo sohudo kanye nokuntuleka kwesifiso sokudla. Ngemuva kwalokho kufakwa izimpawu ze-neurological ze-lactic acidosis:
- i-areflexia (ikhombisa eyodwa noma ngaphezulu ayikho),
- I-hyperkinesis (ukunyakaza kokuzenzela kokuzenzakalelayo kokukodwa noma kweqembu lemisipha),
- i-paresis (ukukhubazeka kokungapheleli).
Ngaphambi kokuqala kokusebenza komqondo we-hyperlactacidemic coma, kuvela izimpawu zokuphefumula okujulile futhi okunomsindo (imisindo ibonakala ngokusobala kude), ngosizo umzimba oluzama ukususa i-lactic acid emzimbeni, bese kuvela i-DIC - syndrome (intravascular coagulation). Bese kuba nezimpawu zokuwa: okokuqala, i-oliguria iba (ukuncipha kwenani lomchamo), bese kuba ne-anuria (akukho ukuchama). Imvamisa kuba khona ukubonakala kwe-hemorrhagic necrosis yeminwe yemikhawulo.
Ukwelashwa kwe-lactic acidosis
Lapho kuvela izimpawu ze-lactic acidosis, usizo lokuqala lomzimba womuntu luyadingeka, oluqukethe ukuphathwa kwe-intravenous (ngokusebenzisa i-dropper) ye-4% noma i-2,5% isodium bicarbonate solution (kufika ku-2000 ml ngosuku). Ukwelashwa, kusetshenziswa isikhathi eside i-insulin Therapy noma i-monocomponent therapy ene-insulin esebenza ngokubambisana. Esikhungweni sezokwelapha, amalungiselelo e-carboxylase asetshenziswa ngokungeziwe (i-intravenous drip - 200 mg ngosuku). Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhishwa isixazululo se-reopoliglyukin, i-plasma yegazi, i-heparin (kumithamo emincane).
I-Lactic acidosis iyinkimbinkimbi eyingozi, yize ingajwayelekile. Lesi sifo senzeka lapho okuqukethwe kwe-lactic acid esegazini kuqongelela, kudlula okujwayelekile.
Elinye igama lalesi sifo yi-lactic acidosis (ukuguquguquka kwezinga le-acidity). Ku-mellitus yesifo sikashukela, le nkinga iyingozi kakhulu, ngoba iholela ku-hyperlactacidemic coma.
Umuthi ubeka ukuxilongwa kwe- “lactic acidosis” uma ukugcwala kwe-lactic acid (MK) emzimbeni kudlula i-4 mmol / l.
Ngenkathi izinga elijwayelekile le-acid (elinganiswa ku-mEq / l) kwegazi le-venous lisuka ku-1.5 liye ku-2-2 kanti igazi elenzelwa wona lisuka ku-0,5 liya ku-1,6. Umzimba ophilile ukhiqiza i-MK ngenani elincane, bese isetshenziswa ngokushesha, yakha i-lactate.
I-Lactic acid inqwabelana esibindini futhi iphule phansi ibe yimanzi, i-carbon monoxide ne-glucose. Ngokuqongelela kwenani elikhulu le-lactate, ukuphuma kwayo kuyaphazamiseka - i-lactic acidosis noma ukuguquka okubukhali kwendawo ye-acidic kwenzeka.
Lokhu kukhuphuka kusukela i-insulin ingasebenzi. Ngemuva kwalokho, ukumelana ne-insulin kukhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwama-hormone akhethekile aphazamisa i-metabolism yamafutha. Umzimba ukhubazekile, ukudakwa kwawo kanye ne-acidosis kuyenzeka. Ngenxa yalokho, kwakheka i-hyperglycemic coma. Ukudakwa okujwayelekile kuyinkimbinkimbi nge-metabolism engafanele.
Inani elikhulu lemikhiqizo ye-metabolic buthelela egazini futhi isiguli sikhononda:
- ubuthakathaka obujwayelekile
- ukwehluleka ukuphefumula
- ukungapheleli kwemithambo
- ukudangala kohlelo oluphezulu lwezinzwa.
Lezi zimpawu zingadala ukufa.
ISymbomatology
Lesi sifo sizibonakalisa singazelele, sikhula ngokushesha okukhulu (amahora amaningi) futhi ngaphandle kokungenelela kwezokwelapha okufika ngesikhathi kuholela emiphumeleni engenakuphikwa. Ukuphela kwesimpawu esibonakalayo se-lactic acidosis Ubuhlungu bemisipha, yize isiguli besingenakho ukuzikhandla ngokomzimba. Ezinye izimpawu ezihambisana ne-lactic acidosis ku-mellitus yesifo sikashukela zingahle ziqhamuke kwezinye izifo.
Njengomthetho, i-lactic acidosis kushukela ihambisana nezimpawu ezilandelayo:
- isiyezi (ukulahleka kokuqwashisa okungenzeka),
- isicanucanu nokuhlafuna
- ikhanda elibuhlungu
- Ubuhlungu besisu
- ukwephulwa kokuxhumana
- ukuphefumula
- ukungazi kahle
- buthaka amakhono emoto
- ukuchama kancane, kuze kube yilapho kuyeka ngokuphelele.
I-lactate ikhuphuka ngokushesha futhi iholela ku-:
- ukuphefumula okunomsindo, kwesinye isikhathi kuphenduke ukububula,
- ukungasebenzi kwenhliziyo, okungaqedwa ngendlela ejwayelekile,
- ukwehlisa (ukubukhali) umfutho wegazi, ukuhluleka kwesigqi senhliziyo,
- ukungqubuzana kwemisipha yokuzithandela (iminyakazo),
- ukuphazamiseka kwegazi. Isifo esiyingozi kakhulu. Ngisho nangemva kokuba izimpawu zokuphela kwe-lactic acidosis zinyamalale, amahlwili egazi ayaqhubeka nokuhamba emithanjeni futhi angadala ukuchitheka kwegazi. Lokhu kuzodala i-necrosis yomunwe noma kuvuse i-gangren,
- indlala yomoya-mpilo yamangqamuzana obuchopho athuthukisa i-hyperkinesis (injabulo). Ukunakwa kwesiguli kuhlakazekile.
Kube sekwenzima ukhezo. Lesi yisigaba sokugcina ekwakhekeni kwalesi sifo. Umbono wesiguli uyancipha, izinga lokushisa lomzimba lehla laya kuma-35.3 degrees. Izici zobuso besiguli ziyalolwa, ukuchama kuyaphela, aphele amandla.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi izimpawu zokuqala zesifo zidinga ukulaliswa esibhedlela ngokushesha. Ngokushesha lapho kuqala ukuvela kwezinhlungu zemisipha, udinga ukukala ushukela bese ushayela i-ambulensi!
Amavidiyo ahlobene
Ungathola ukuthi isifo sikashukela esinezinkinga sibangelwa yini yile vidiyo:
Ukufaka isicelo sosizo lwezokwelashwa ngesikhathi, ungonga impilo yakho. I-Lactic acidosis iyinkinga edidayo engabekezeleleki emilenzeni. Isiqephu esinolwazi ngempumelelo lwe-lactic acidosis coma siyimpumelelo enhle isiguli. Kumele kwenziwe yonke imizamo ukuvimba ukuphinda kwesigameko. Le nkinga ibhekelelwa yi-endocrinologist. Udokotela kufanele abonane ngokushesha ngemuva kokuthola inani eliphakeme le-acidity ezicutshini.
Izithombe zemitholampilo
Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-lactic acidosis kushukela kwenzeka emahoreni ambalwa, futhi akukho ukubonakaliswa okusobala komtholampilo. Isiguli singazizwa ngokulandelayo:
- ukuphefumula ngokushesha
- ubuthakathaka
- ukunganaki
- ukozela noma ukuqwasha,
- Ubuhlungu emuva kwe-sternum
- Ubuhlungu bemisipha
- Izimpawu ze-dyspeptic (isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, ukushisa kwenhliziyo).
Mina.lezo zimpawu ezingabonakala ezigulini eziningi zikwenza kube nzima ukuthola ukuxilongwa.
Kungekudala, ngenxa yokwanda kwe-acidosis, izimpawu zokwehluleka kwenhliziyo ziqala ukwanda. Okwamanje, kwenziwa izinguquko ezihlelekile kwezicubu ze-myocardial, ezibonakaliswa ngokungahambisani nomsebenzi wakhe wesivumelwano.
Ngokuqhubeka kwenqubo ye-pathological, isimo esivamile sesiguli sihlupheka, kuvela izinhlungu esiswini. Izimpawu zemizwa ezingena ngokushesha zijoyina - i-areflexia ne-paresis, kuze kufike ku-hyperkinesis.
Isigaba sokugcina se-pathogenesis ye-lactic acidosis yi-coma. Isikhathi esedlule ngaphambi kokuthuthukiswa kokwehla komzimba sibonakaliswa ngokulandelayo:
- isikhumba esomile nezicubu zomzimba zesiguli,
- ukulahlekelwa ukwazi
- ukuphefumula okunomsindo okuzwakala kukude (Ukuphefumula kukaKussmaul).
Ngokuqina kokuqina kokwehla kwezimpawu, kuqubuka izimpawu zokuwohloka, nomsebenzi wokulimala we-renal (oligoanuria, olandelwe yi-anuria). Imvamisa lezi zinqubo zihambisana ne-DIC (intravascular coagulation), ekhonjiswa ku-intravascular thrombosis futhi kamuva iholele kwi-hemorrhagic necrosis emunweni wemikhawulo.
I-Lactic acidosis ingabonakala ngokuhlolwa kwegazi okubonisa okuqukethwe okweqile kwe-lactate, ukwehla kwezinga le-bicarbonates kanye ne-alkalinity yokubhuka.
Le nkinga yesifo sikashukela idinga ukunakekelwa ngokushesha kwezokwelapha. Amasu okuqala kufanele ahlose ukuqeda umbuthano onobubi owakhiwe, futhi kulokhu kuyadingeka:
- Ukulwa ne-hypoxia,
- Ukuqedwa kwe-acidosis.
Ukwenza i-pH yegazi iguquguquke ngokwejwayelekile futhi ivuse isenzo se-lactic acid, kuvame ukusetshenziswa isisombululo se-sodium bicarbonate (soda). Isixazululo sifakwa ngaphakathi, hhayi ngaphezulu kwamalitha ama-2 ngosuku, ngaphansi kokuqukethwe kwe-potassium esegazini kanye noshintsho lwe-pH. Ngemuva kwalokhu, ukwelashwa kwe-detoxification kwenziwa, okubandakanya okulandelayo:
- ukuphathwa kwe-plasma yegazi,
- ukwelashwa kwe-insulin
- i-carboxylase ye-intravenous
- reopoliglyukin,
- imithamo emincane ye-heparin yokuqeda i-DIC.


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Ubuciko kanye Ezokuzijabulisa, Umculo
Granovskaya Nadezhda: A Biography of the omncane omnyama "Viagra"
Abantu abaningi namuhla bakholelwa ukuthi kwanele unomzimba omuhle ukuba anqobe Olympus inkanyezi. Nokho, lokhu akunjalo, main namanje ithalente. Futhi uma usaziwayo has futhi ephelele idatha yangaphandle, khona-ke nakanjani impumelelo.
Granovskaya Hope biography okuyinto ufana bonke ajwayelekile Cinderella indaba - ubufakazi. Ordinary Ukrainian yesifundazwe, kokuya, ophoqelelwe ezinhliziyweni zabantu ezinzima sika Flutter, fade ajabulile. Owesifazane buthule baba nomona ngaye futhi intsha babelingana kuso.
Wazalelwa Granovskaya Hope biography iyathakazelisa eziningi abalandeli bakhe, April 10, 1982 edolobhaneni Zbruchivka (Khmelnytsky esifundeni, Ukraine). Uyise manzi té, ngakho umndeni wayempofu futhi ukubuyisa. Nokho, lokhu akubavimbeli yakhe ukuba abe nesithakazelo umculo we-classic, uwabuka kwi-TV ballet. Khona-ke lo mkhaya uthuthela Volochisk, lapho Nadia kuphothula esikoleni esiphakeme.
Nadezhda Granovskaya, biography nezwi egcwele imishwe emhlophe futhi omnyama, kwakunzima ukuthi amaphupho abo. Wafunda ngesikhathi Khmelnitsky Pedagogical College (Faculty of nobuciko bokusina nomculo imfundo), bese ekhatsi Kiev (College. Ushinsky).
Ajwayelane Valery Meladze, ngubani babuka e-Ukraine, kwenzeke Khmelnitsky: umculi wenziwa ethiyetha, lapho esebenza khona njengoba Nadia. Kusukela kuye yena Wathola ukuthi uConstantine wakha iqembu elisha bese ubamba ekusakazeni. Meyher ahlelwe amateur photo shoot wakhe bese uthumela ku umkhiqizi. Yashaya ukubukeka waweyisa Kostiuk Meladze, wona wammemela intombazane kusampula. Lena yindlela ingxenye yokuqala iqembu super othandwayo "VIA Gra", okuyinto, ngaphandle Nadi, kufakwe Alena SaseVinnitskaya. Lokhu duo, trio bese yanqoba hhayi kuphela Ukraine lwakubo, kodwa futhi Russia namanye amazwe CIS.
Granovskaya UNadezhda kabani biography buhlobene eduze leli qembu, kuye kwaba negalelo show ibhizinisi ukuhlukanisa, emisha, eshona singene umphefumulo, uqhathanisa kahle nezinye. ingoma yakhe yokuqala "VIA Gra" onesihloko esithi "Ukuzama №5" baba hit elingenakuphikwa. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, emva ukusebenza kanzima iqembu Nadia kwadingeka zihambe: wayekhulelwe. Nokho, labuyela ngenyanga ngemva kokubeletha, ekubuyiseleni ezakheke wangaphambili. Imfihlo sisuke sithi ngenxa iqhaza Meyher iqembu mncane kakhulu: ubuhle ke yafuna imihlatshelo.
Ithemba Meyher-Granovskaya, biography okujabulisa umuntu ngamunye wasebenza eqenjini iminyaka emihlanu, njengoba umhlanganyeli yayo unomphela. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukubunjwa "VIA Gra" washintsha ngokuphindaphindiwe. Kodwa ngo-2006, washiya, futhi Nadia - ngaphandle kokungabaza, amahlazo at esiqongweni ukuthandwa yayo. Kuye kwakushintsha isithombe, ezinikezela indodana yakhe yasekhaya, wazama isandla sakhe njengoba umethuli. Futhi ngo-2009, umdwebi ubuyela isikhalazo ubulili we trio.
Granovskaya Hope biography ibuyekezwa kulesi sihloko, ungowesifazane ekhuthele kakhulu. Wenza e musicals, kuyinto ethandwayo ye-TV show, wokukhulisa indodana yakhe hhayi kuphela, kodwa indodakazi. Sifisa impumelelo yakhe enkulu, ugqozi kanye nenhlalakahle, kanye injabulo zesifazane esikhulu, futhi babheke phambili imiklamo emisha, izingoma ezintsha, highs ezintsha.
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Wokuzilibazisa, Ngenalithi
Brick aluka: isinyathelo ngesinyathelo imiyalelo kanye nezeluleko mayelana nokwenziwa
ubuhlalu isitini ukwelukwa amasu ikuvumela ukudala imihlobiso yasekuqaleni umhlobiso elingaphakathi zangaphansi ukugqoka, elenga amasongo okhiye, nezinye izinsimbi. Ikakhulukazi isitayela ezifaneleke enze izakhi eziyinkimbinkimbi, ngamajamo weJiyomethri.
Umkhiqizo osuphelile libhekene ngokunemba, ukuminyana futhi ukumelana okuhle umonakalo lokukhanda. Kodwa ngisho ekukhiqizeni yalo Ukudalwa sidilike futhi uyowahluthula ngokuphelele, isb. E. Restored kuyoba lula.
Brick ukwelukwa Wabasaqalayo
Le nqubo yaqala izizwe zakwa amazwekazi aseNyakatho naseNingizimu Melika, wadala-product efanayo nalena, futhi ezwekazini lase-Afrika. Namuhla intandokazi phakathi kwabantu Europe kanye ubucwebe Russian okungokukaNkulunkulu isitayela yobuhlanga: namacici side, imigexo, ezinjengenyanga, namasongo bafaniswe.
Lokhu aluka is kuhlangene ngempumelelo namanye amasu, okuyinto kubonakala ngokukhethekile ekuhlobaneni izithombe imisebenzi adalwe amakhosi Ecuador. Ziyakwazi unamakhono kakhulu futhi yokuqala, ngakho abaningi inaliti abesifazane, yebo, ngingathanda ukwazi ukwenza lezi zinto bebodwa.
Izinzuzo nezingozi nebubi
Njenganoma iyiphi enye ubuchwepheshe, isitini aluka kunezinzuzo zako siqu kanye nobubi obuthile. On amaphuzu omuhle okukhulunywe ngaye ngaphambili kulesi sihloko. Ziyakwazi:
- lula ukwakha Amaphetheni arareneko nomumo ijamo okungajwayelekile;
- kulondolozwa line ukudoba ngenxa nokuwela ubuncane bunye buhlalu;
- eseqedile imihlobiso amandla.
Okumbi ezimbalwa kakhulu futhi Abut ukusetshenziswa okwandisiwe isikhathi imithombo:
- inqubo ukwelukwa kukhathaza ngaphezulu kuqhathaniswa inqubo amibalabala;
- asihambisani izihloko nokunwebeka;
- Kuthatha isikhathi esiningi Wabasaqalayo abangabhalisile ejwayele ukulandelana enjalo yezenzo.
mayelana izinto
Brick aluka ngokoqobo awukwazi ukubekezelela yekhwalithi ephansi ubuhlalu Chinese - umphumela isicelo yayo onganelisekile umuntu ngisho unprejudiced. ke Kuyancomeka ukuthenga imikhiqizo Czech noma Japanese, ngisho noma kuyabiza kancane ngaphezulu.
umsebenzi Sebenzisa Isivivinyo kuwufanele, hhayi lisidumaze umphumela, futhi Akazisoli isikhathi esichithwa ngeze. Emgqeni futhi akufanele kokulondoloza.
isitini Stitch
isidingo Isampula:
- ubuhlalu yemibala emibili (amnyama nokukhanya);
- Inalidi ekhethekile;
- mncane ukudoba line (170 cm), amandla ukudoba kungathatha;
- sikelo abukhali.
Izinyathelo inqubo:
- Ukuze string buhlalu lobubili, kusale obuphelele mahhala line ukudoba-10 cm. Kumele ubambe ngokusebenzisa ubuhlalu okwesibili ukulungisa.
- Dayela buhlalu, egijima ekupheleni komugqa (ngenaliti) ukuba adabule imbobo isici eduze iye etulu naphasi - ngokungeza intambo sibekwa izingqimba ezimbili.
- Phinda izinyathelo nje isibalo test ucosha obuphelele oyifunayo.
- Ukuze uqonde kangcono isitini aluka (aluka umdwebo kukhonjisiwe ngezansi), esigabeni esilandelayo liyadingeka ukuthatha ubuhlalu ka lowehlukile.
- Nalapha uthayiphe buhlalu lobubili, egijima ekupheleni komugqa weqa ngaphansi iluphu engenhla, yokuxhuma ngamunye emgqeni wokuqala.
- Stronger silingo ubuhlalu ukuhoxisa intambo upwardly ngembobo zokugcina ahlukaniswe.
- Lonke uchungechunge okwalandela kuthiwa weaved ngalendlela. Lapho isivivinyo ucezu usulungile, udinga ukwakha eyodwa ngaphezulu ukuya isinyathelo esilandelayo.
I webs uxhumano
Lesi senzo eyenziwa efana ihlanganisa uchungechunge entsha futhi ngandlela-thile afana crosslinking phakathi indwangu. Lesi sinyathelo kuthatha isikhathi esincane, ngoba abanayo ukudayela ubuhlalu kunoma iyiphi ukuvuleka livikeleke izinto lula kakhulu. Lapho beqeda ukuphela egijima we line ukudoba kuyodingeka ukuhlanganisa.
Brick ukwelukwa (a Umdwebo olotshiwe ikhombisa ukwelukwa lokuxhumana) inika obukhulu kakhulu futhi enamandla kakhulu ngentambo ukungezwani ayikwazi insaliwe. Ngakho-ke, ukwenza namasongo imigexo kufanele usebenzise impahla enamandla nokunwebeka noma ezinye nokunwebeka.
amathiphu
Ngisho abanolwazi master izincomo akusoze engadingekile. Beginners njengoba zidinga kabili.
- Ukuze unciphise onqenqemeni webs ekuqaleni ochungechungeni ukuthola bead eyodwa kuphela. Uma ufuna ukunciphisa umugqa phakathi, buhlalu propletayut izihibe amabili ahlanganisa bead aphansi. Ngakho, kunjengokungathi phakathi kwabo, futhi kuvela indentation kusukela ekuqaleni yochungechunge.
- Ukuze kwandiswe onqenqemeni lendwangu ukuthola buhlalu lobubili ngaphezulu futhi eyodwa dopletayut, ubanjwe on ubude ophumile of line ukudoba. Ukuze kwandiswe isibalo ngaphakathi inetha, kwelinye iluphu zilandelana wanezela izakhi eziningana.
- Ukuze aqinisekise ekupheleni line ukudoba, udabula ubuhlalu nganoma yikuphi ukuhleleka, kodwa kuyinkimbinkimbi nakakhulu - ngcono. Ingxenye elandelayo yaleli ntambo anqunywe, izingxenye ungaboshwa. Lokhu ngekulandzelana kwetintfo letenteka iyaphindwa uma fibre uphela ngesikhatsi kokuhlinzwa. New line ukudoba badabula ngaleyo ndlela ezinqumela ubuhlalu ukulungiswa.
Brick aluka has a lot of abalandeli, njengoba ungathola eziningi video tutorials ekutshela indlela ukudala izimbali kanye netintfo letingemadayimenshini lamatsatfu e ubuchwepheshe unikezwa. Ngakho-ke, akekho noyedwa kulabo abafisa ukufunda Yiqiniso, akusho izohlala sintula.
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Dear customer, please note that any orders placed on or after 20 December 2019 will only be dispatched from the 13th of January 2020.
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Izehlakalo zezinga eliphezulu ze-CAPS kanye nokobana itlolwe batloli ababosolwazi.; Imifanekiso esezingeni eliphezulu kanye nemisebenzi ukwenza ngcono imiphumela kanye nokukhuthaza abafundi.; Isekelo elisezingeni eliphezulu likatitjhere ukonga isikhathi n
Izehlakalo zezinga eliphezulu ze-CAPS kanye nokobana itlolwe batloli ababosolwazi. Imifanekiso esezingeni eliphezulu kanye nemisebenzi ukwenza ngcono imiphumela kanye nokukhuthaza abafundi.
Izehlakalo zezinga eliphezulu ze-CAPS kanye nokobana itlolwe batloli ababosolwazi. Imifanekiso esezingeni eliphezulu kanye nemisebenzi ukwenza ngcono imiphumela kanye nokukhuthaza abafundi.
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Ultrasonic Sample Ukulungiselela for Analysis THC
- Isizinda se-ultrasonic iyindlela eqinisekisiwe yokukhiqizwa kwe-THC, kodwa ingasetshenziselwa izinhloso zokuhlaziya, futhi.
- I-ultrasonication iyindlela ejwayelekile yesandulela se-prep esetshenziselwa ukuhlaziywa kokuqukethwe okuphelele kwe-THC kwimikhiqizo ye-cannabis.
- Isizinda se-ultrasonic sisetshenziselwa amasampuli ngaphambi kokuhlaziywa kwe-TLC, GC ne-HPLC.
Ultrasonic THC Extraction
I-THC, noma i-tetrahydrocannabinol (i-delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol), iyimithi yamakhemikhali ebangela iningi lomphumela wengqondo yengane. Ngezinhlobo ze-cannabis, zingaba nezinkinga ezingaphezu kuka-400 ezahlukahlukene. Kuye ngokuthi uhlobo oluthile lwe-cannabis, i-cannabis ingaba no-0.3 wt% THC. Kwezinye izinkinga, okuqukethwe kwe-THC kungafinyelela ku-20 wt%.
Futhi imikhiqizo ehlukene ye-cannabis ihlukahluka kakhulu: Ngakho ihlukanisa ukuhlushwa kwe-THC emanzini phakathi kuka-1 kuya ku-5%; ku-hashish, okuqukethwe kwe-THC kuphakathi kuka-5 kuya kwezingu-15%, futhi kumafutha we-hashish, okuyi-20%. I-THC ekudleni kokungcola kwe-insangu iyashintsha kakhulu futhi yehlisa okuqukethwe kwe-THC emanzini, lapho umsebenzisi engadliwa khona ukuze ahlangabezane nemiphumela oyifunayo.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ultrasound (owaziwa nangokuthi sonification) iyithuluzi eliqinisekisiwe lokukhipha izithako ezisebenzayo ezivela emthini wesitshalo. I-THC kanye nezinye izingxenye ezisebenzayo ezifana ne-cannabinoids kanye ne-terpenes zingadluliswa ngempumelelo nge-sonication. Chofoza lapha ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nesithwathwa se-ultrasonic.
Ukulungiswa kwesampula ye-Ultrasonic kusetshenziselwa ukuhlaziya okuqukethwe kwe-THC
- ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi yemikhiqizo ye-THC yokuzijabulisa,
- ukuzimisela ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo ye-THC yemithi,
- ukuhlukaniswa kwezidakamizwa-hemp kanye ne-fiber-hemp.
Ukuhlaziywa kwe-THC, izindlela ezilandelayo ze-chromatographic zivame ukusetshenziswa: I-Layer Chromatography (TLC), i-Gesi Chromatography (GC), ne-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)
I-Ultrasonic Sample Prep Protocol ye-TLC Analysis
Ukulungiswa kwesampula: Ukulungiselela ama-sampuli, izinto ezitshaliwe zezitshalo kufanele zifakwe emanzini futhi zigalelwe i-powder ehambisanayo. Isizinda se-ultrasonic, i-500mg ye-cannabis plant powder kanye ne-5mL methanol-chloroform ingxube (isilinganiso se-9: 1) ixutshwe kwi-vial. I-Sonication ingasetshenziswa ngokusebenzisa i-an I-Ultrasonicator ngephuzu elincane, i I-VialTweeter noma i-ultrasonic CupHorn. Isikhathi sonication kuthatha approx. 5 iminithi. Ngemuva kwalokho, vumela isampula ukuphumula okungenani ama-5 min. Nciphisa i-supernatant ecacile ngxube le-extraction (v / v: 1: 10). I-THC yamahhala: 1uL kwi-TLC-plate
I-Decarboxylation: i-100uL ye-extract ikhuphuka ibe yomile. Okusele kushisa ngo-180 ℃ ngamaminithi angu-4. Engeza i-500uL ye-methanol-chloroform (v / v 9: 1). Sonicate for 5 min. Nciphisa i-supernatant ecacile ngxube le-extraction (v / v: 1: 10).
Ukulinganisa: 20ng, 60ng, 100ng, 140ng
I-HPTLC:
I-TLC ye-silica gel F-254, i-Merck 5729
I-TLC scanner II, i-software CATS3, i-Camag Muttenz Eluens:
I-Ethylacetat: Tolol: Chloroform = 3: 17: 0,25 (v / v / v)
I-derivatisation ye-Postchromatographic: I-Blue Blue Salt Salt 0,1% ku-0,1 M NaOH
I-densitometry ku-550 nm
I-Ultrasonic Sample Prep Protocol ye-GC Analysis
Ukulungiselela isampula: Izinto ezitshaliwe ezitshaliwe ziyi-macerated futhi zigalelwe i-powder ehambisanayo. Ngokwesikhumba, i-500mg ye-cannabis plant powder kanye ne-10mL methanol-hexan ingxube (isilinganiso se-9: 1) ixutshwe kwi-vial. I-Sonication ingasetshenziswa ngokusebenzisa i-a i-probe-uhlobo lwe-ultrasonic device ngephuzu elincane, i I-VialTweeter noma i-ultrasonic CupHorn. Khombisa isampula ngemaminithi angu-15-20. Shake isampula bese uyivumela ukuthi iphumule okungenani ama-5 min. Nciphisa i-supernatant ecacile nenhlanganisela yesikhumba (v / v 1: 20).
I-Decarboxyliation: kufakwa
Injector temperatur 250 ℃
Ukulinganisa: 5 ng / uL kuya kuma 250 ng / uL
I-GC: HP 6890 nge-5973 MSD no-7683 i-autosampler injection: 1uL, isikhathi esingenasici: 2 iminithi.
Ikholomu: HP-5 MS, 30m, ububanzi 250 um, ubukhulu befilimu 0,25 um
Igesi lensiza: Yena, 35 psi, ukugeleza okuqhubekayo: 4 mL / min.
Ihhavini: 100 ℃ for 1min ;; izinga lokushisa lokushisa lika-15 ℃ / iminithi. kuya ku-280 ℃; 280 ℃ ngamaminithi angu-5. I-MSD: SCAN: m / e 35 – 550
I-Ultrasonic Sample Prep Protocol ye-HPLC Analysis
Ukulungiswa kwesampula (okufana ne-GC prep): Izinto ezitshaliwe zitshalo zifakwe futhi zigayeke nge-powder ehambisanayo. Ngokwesikhumba, i-500mg ye-cannabis plant powder kanye ne-10mL methanol-hexan ingxube (isilinganiso se-9: 1) ixutshwe kwi-vial. I-Sonication ingasetshenziswa ngokusebenzisa i-a I-Probe-type ultrasonicator ngephuzu elincane, i I-VialTweeter noma i-ultrasonic CupHorn. Khombisa isampula ngemaminithi angu-15-20. Shake isampula bese uyivumela ukuthi iphumule okungenani ama-5 min. Nciphisa i-supernatant ecacile nenhlanganisela yesikhumba (v / v 1: 20).
I-HPLC-DAD: Amanzi ama-2695 ahlukaniswe modul / 2996 i-PAD injection: 10uL
I-Precolumn: LiChrospher 60, RP-Khetha B, 5um (Merck 50963)
Ikholomu: LiChroCart 125-4, Lichrospher 60, RP-Khetha B, 5 um (Merck 50829)
Eluent: isokratic 36% TEAP 25 mmol / L, 64% ye-acetonitrile quantification e-210nm
Ukulinganisa: 0,001 – 0, 10 ug / uL
Ukulinganisa: 0,01 - 0,50 ug / uL
Isikhathi sokugcina: i-CBD: amaminithi angu-6,2; i-CBN: 8,0 min .; I-THC: 9,4 iminithi; I-THC-A: 11,0 iminithi
I-LOD: i-CBD 0,5%, i- CBN 0,5%, i-THC 0,15%, i-THC-A 1%
Izincwadi / Izinkomba
- Werner Bernhard, uFranziska Penitschka, u-Alain Broillet, u-Prisma Regenscheit (2006): Lalela Funda Kudivayisi kuphela Kwengeziwe Buka Kufakiwe Forensisch chemische Analysen von THC haltigem Hanfkraut. I-Von der DC nge-GC zur HPLC-Methode. I-Applica 2006.
Amaqiniso Okufanele Ukwazi
I-Marijuana liqukethe izimbali ezomile namaqabunga ahlambalazayo neziqu zesitshalo se-Cannabis sesifazane. Leli fomu elidliwe kakhulu futhi liqukethe cishe. 3% kuya ku-20% ye-THC. Okucacile, izinhlobo ezibhekwe kakhulu zensangu zifinyelela okuqukethwe kwe-THC okungaphezu kwama-30%. I-Marijuana ingumthombo wemithombo yonke iminye imikhiqizo ye-THC equkethe umkhiqizo we-cannabis. Ukuguqula i-cannabinoid egcwele kakhulu, i-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA), ibe yi-THC engokomsebenzi, inqubo ye-decarboylation kumele iqaliswe. Ngakho-ke, i-cannabis kanye neziqhumane zayo kufanele zishiswe noma zichithe amandla emzimbeni ukuze zenze i-decarboxylation.
Kief ibhekisela ku-powder, ecebile nge-trichomes, ehlanjululwa emagqabeni nasezintabeni ze-cannabis. Iqotshwe ngesimo se powder noma icindezelekile futhi isetshenziswe kumaqebelengwane angama-hashish.
Hashishi noma i-hash i-resin ikhekhe noma i-ball ekhishwe yi-kief eshicilelwe noma ephuma ku-resin ekhishwa ebusweni besitshalo futhi ihanjiswe ngamabhola. Iyenzeka ngemibala ehlukahlukene kusuka emnyama kuya enhlabathini ensundu kuye ngokuthi kuhlanzekile nomthombo. Kungadliwa ngomlomo noma ngokubhema, isib. Kuphayiphu, hookah, bong, bubbler, vaporizer, besebenzisa ummese oshisayo, ukubhema ngamalunga, okuxubene namafihleki kagciwane noma ugwayi, ukubhema njengebhokisi lebhokisi noma lisetshenziswe njengesithako ekudleni.
I-Cannabis Tincture ibhekisela ekukhishwe kwamagciwane okuphuza utshwala. Ama-cannabinoids akhishwa esitshalweni se-cannabis besebenzisa imimoya ephezulu (ikakhulukazi okusanhlamvu utshwala) ukudala i-tincture.
Hash amafutha i-matrix ehlaziyekayo ye-cannabinoid eyenziwa yi-solvent extraction, eyakhiwe yaba yinto enzima noma enesisindo. I-hush yamahhashi ingenye yemikhiqizo eningi kakhulu ye-cannabis ngenxa yezinga eliphezulu layo lokuhlanganiswa kwengqondo. Ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha ase-hash okwenziwe i-butane kanye ne-carbon dioxide engaphezu kwesikhashana kuye kwanda ukuthandwa.
I-infusions bhekani ezinhlobonhlobo ze-influence ezingenayo i-cannabis ezihlukile komunye nomunye ngezinhlobonhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-solvents ezingezona ezithandekayo ezingasetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza ukumnika ukukhishwa kwe-cannabis. Ukulungiselela ukumnika okunjalo, indaba ye-cannabis ixubene ne-solvent bese icindezelwa futhi ihlungiwe ukuhambisa amafutha avela esitshalweni ibe yi-solvent. Ibhotela le-cocoa, ibhotela lebisi, amafutha okupheka, i-glycerine, kanye nama-moisturizers esikhumba ngokuvamile asetshenziselwa izivolumu.
Inyosi yezokwelapha ibhekisela ekusetshenzisweni kwesitshalo se-Cannabis njengendlela yokwelashwa okunconywa odokotela kanye ne-synthetic THC kanye namagciwane. Lokhu ukusetshenziswa ngokuvamile kudinga imithi, futhi ukusatshalaliswa ngokuvamile kwenziwa ngaphakathi kohlaka oluchazwe imithetho yendawo. Ucwaningo oluthile luye lwabonisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-cannabis noma okutholakala kwayo kusebenza ngokumelene nesifo sokukhwabanisa esibangwa yi-chemotherapy-ukukhushulwa nokuhlanza, ubuhlungu be-neuropathic, ne-multiple sclerosis.


text:
Damselfish
Igama lomndenazo elijayelekileko
Damselfish
Ezinye zakwabo
Garibaldis, Gregories, Sergeant-majors, Chromis, Night-sergeants.
Igama lesayensi
Pomacentridae
Ubukhulu
Ingakhula beyibe masenthimitha amatjhumi amathathu, nokho zijayeleke ngokuba masenthimitha alitjhumi.
Ikambiso Yokufanisa
Inomzimba obumbeke njengeqanda. Inesikhumba esakhiwe macephe aliphepha anghwarako. Umsila ethayangawo ubumbeke njenge sikotlelo begodu wakheke njengeforogo. Imibalazo ihluka ukusuka konzima nomhlophe ukuya kosarulana okukhanyako, o-orentji kanye nowandileko ohlaza sasibhakabhaka.
Ilwazi Elivamileko
Umndeni we-Pomacentridae wakhiwa mikhakhawo ematjhumi amabili nobunane kanye nemihlobo emakhulu amathathu namatjhumi amabili nanye. Zitholakala ngobunengi phezu kweemilo zangemanzini. Zibhaqa hlangana nazo nofana phakathi kwamaphadlhuko nakuza ingozi. Ezinye zemihlobazo zivikela khulu isifunda sokubusa. Eziduna zakha isidleke ematjeni kuthi ezisikazi zibekelele amaqanda kizo, amaqanda lawo asuke anothiswe ngeziduna. Eziduna ngizo ezilusa isidleke amalanga bekabe likhomba.
Ukudla Kwazo
Ukudla kwazo kuhluka ngokuya ngekhaya nofana iinkhundla zazo, kesinye isikhathi zidla iimilo zangemanzini ezibizwa ngama-algae, plankton, coral kanye neenlwanyana ezihlala phasi esithomeni samanzi.
Ukusabalala Kwazo
Zitholakala kiyo yoke imihlobo yamalwandle womhlaba wezinga elifuthumeleko kanye nelipholileko.
Imihlobazo ejayelekileko


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iNkulumo-ncazelo ka Andy Napier exoxa no Dr David Stevens osewathatha umhlala phansi kade eyisikhulu esiphakeme CEO eNhlanganweni yezobuDokotela bama Krestu emhlabeni jikelele.
uDkt Stevens osemnkantshubomvu ngokusebenza kwakhe kulomkhakha eminyaka eminingi yengxenye yesiKhwama soMsamria lapho wayekade esebenzela emazweni anjenge Somalia,Sudan,Ke…Funda kakhulu
Ingqinamba yomgudu wokuphefumula; kuqala ngokukhwehlela kulandele ukuvevezela nokugodola lishisa ilanga. Omunye angacinana kube nokuncwininiza nxa umuntu ephefumula. Lezimpawu,zingaxhakelana bese uba nesifo sokuvimbana esilawulwa ngamakhaza emaphashini (Pneumonia). Osengenwe waxhakathiswa nangukubhozonyelwa yileligciwane, uxakwa zinkinga eziwuchungechunge zokuphefumula. Okungukuthi uswela . . .
Ingqinamba yomgudu wokuphefumula; kuqala ngokukhwehlela kulandele ukuvevezela nokugodola lishisa ilanga. Omunye angacinana kube nokuncwininiza nxa umuntu ephefumula. Lezimpawu,zingaxhakelana bese uba nesifo sokuvimbana esilawulwa ngamakhaza emaphashini (Pneumonia). Osengenwe waxhakathiswa nangukubhozonyelwa yileligciwane, uxakwa zinkinga eziwuchungechunge zokuphefumula. Okungukuthi uswela . . .
Ukusayinela i-imeyili
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Abakhokheli bamabandla abumba uhulumende womanyano bakhangelelwe ukuba sembuthanweni ngoLwesithathu wokuthakazelela ukuvunyelwa kwe Zimbabwe ukuthi iqalise ukuthengisa amadayimana eMarange.
Umsekeli kaMongameli, uMnu. John Nkomo, ukhangelelwe ukwethula umbiko kaMongameli Mugabe yena ose China okwamanje.
Inhloko kahulumende uMnu. Morgan Tsvangirai lomsekeli wakhe, uMnu. Arthur Mutambara bakhangelelwe ukuthi babe khona emkhosini lo kanye labaphathintambo bakahulumende labathenga amadayimana.
Abaqondisi be Zimbabwe Mining Development Corporation (ZMDC) labaqondisi bamankampani emba amadayimana eMarange abadla ngoluphakathi bazabe bemele ukuzwa ukuthi uhlelo lokuthengisa amadayimana luzaqhutshwa njani ngolweSithathu le nyanga ezilandelayo.
Umphathintambo wogatsha lukahulumende olubona ngezemigodi, uMnu. Obert Mpofu, utshele uGibbs Dube we Studio 7 ukuthi kukhangelelwe ukuthi inkampani kahulumende ye ZMDC ibambe okwesikhatshana inzuzo ezatholakala ekuthengisweni kwamadayimana la.
Abakhokheli Bamabandla Abusayo Bazaya eDilini Lokuthengisa Amadayimana
- Gibbs Dube
Abakhokheli bamabandla abumba uhulumende womanyano bakhangelelwe ukuba sembuthanweni ngoLwesithathu wokuthakazelela ukuvunyelwa kwe Zimbabwe ukuthi iqalise ukuthengisa amadayimana eMarange.


text:
Isahluko 4 Amaqiniso Omsebenzi KaNkulunkulu Wezinsuku Zokugcina
1. Ukubaluleka Komsebenzi KaNkulunkulu Wamazwi
Amazwi KaNkulunkulu Abalulekile:
ENkathini Yombuso, uNkulunkulu usebenzisa izwi ukungenisa inkathi entsha, ukuguquka izindlela zomsebenzi Wakhe, nokwenza umsebenzi waso sonke isikhathi. Lesi yisimiso uNkulunkulu asebenza ngaso eNkathini Yezwi. be yinyama womuntu ukuze akhulume ngezindlela ezahlukene, ehlomisa umuntu ukuthi abone uNkulunkulu ngeqiniso, oyiZwi elivela enyameni, nangobuhlakani nezimangaliso Zakhe. Umsebenzi onjalo wenzelwe ukufinyelela kangcono emigomweni yokunqoba umuntu, yokumphelelisa, neyokumsusa. Lokhu kuwumqondo wangempela wokusebenzisa izwi ukuthi lisebenze ngeNkathi Yezwi. Ngezwi, umuntu ufinyelela ekwazini umsebenzi kaNkulunkulu, isimo siNkulunkulu, ingqikithi yomuntu nalokho umuntu afanele ukungena kukhona. Ngezwi, yonke imisebenzi uNkulunkulu afisa ukuyenza ngeNkathi Yezwi iyafezeka. Ngezwi, umuntu uyembulwa, uyasuswa abuye alingwe. Umuntu ulibonile izwi, walizwa, wabona nokuba khona kwezwi. Ngenxa yalokho, umuntu uyakholwa wubukhona bukaNkulunkulu; umuntu ukholwa ukuba namandla onke nobuhlakani bukaNkulunkulu, kanye nasenhliziyweni yothando lukaNkulunkulu kumuntu nesifiso Sakhe sokusindisa umuntu. Yize igama elithi “izwi” lisobala futhi livamile, izwi elivela emlonyeni kaNkulunkulu obe yinyama linyakazisa lonke izulu nomhlaba; izwi Lakhe liguqula inhliziyo yomuntu, imicabango nesimo sakhe esidala nokubukeka kwakudala komhlaba wonke. Kuyo yonke iminyaka, nguNkulunkulu wanamuhla kuphela osebenza ngale ndlela, futhi NguYe kuphela okhuluma futhi asindise umuntu ngale ndlela. Emva kwalokho, umuntu uhlala ngaphansi kokuqondiswa yizwi, eluswa futhi ehlinzekwa yizwi; bahlala emhlabeni wezwi, baphila phakathi kweziqalekiso nezibusiso zezwi likaNkulunkulu, ngaphezu kwalokho bahlala phansi kokwahlulela nokusola kwezwi. La mazwi nalo msebenzi kwenzelwe nje insindiso yomuntu, ukufezwa kwentando kaNkulunkulu, nokuguqula isimo semvelo somhlaba wendalo endala. UNkulunkulu wadala umhlaba ngezwi, uhola abantu emhlabeni wonke ngalo izwi, uyanqoba abuye abasindise ngezwi. Ekugcineni, uzosebenzisa izwi ukuqeda wonke umhlaba omdala. Kungaleso sikhathi-ke lapho uhlelo lokuphatha lizophelela khona. Kuyo yonke INkathi Yombuso, uNkulunkulu usebenzisa izwi ukwenza umsebenzi Wakhe nokuthola imiphumela Yomsebenzi Wakhe; akenzi imimangaliso noma enze imilingo, wenza nje umsebenzi Wakhe ngezwi. Ngenxa yezwi, umuntu wondlekile wahlinzekwa; ngenxa yezwi umuntu uzuza ulwazi nokwazi. Umuntu eNkathini Yezwi uthole izibusiso ezikhethekile. Umuntu akezwa buhlungu enyameni kanti ujabulela ukuhlinzekwa okwanele ngezwi likaNkulunkulu; akufanele bafune noma bahambe baye phambili, bese uma sebezothile babone isimo sikaNkulunkulu, bamuzwe ekhuluma ngoKwakhe; bathole ukuhlinzeka Kwakhe, bambone siqu Sakhe enza umsebenzi Wakhe. Umuntu enkathini edlule ubengakwazi ukujabulela izinto ezifana nalezo nokuthi lezi yizibusiso abebengeke bazithole.
Kucashunwe “INkathi Yombuso YiNkathi Yezwi” encwadini ethi Izwi Livela Lisenyameni
Ngaleso sikhathi, uJesu wenza umsebenzi omningi owawungaqondakali kubafundi Bakhe, futhi washo okuningi abantu abangakuqondanga. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi, ngaleso sikhathi, wayenganiki ncazelo. Ngalokho, eminyakeni eminingi emva kokuhamba Kwakhe, uMathewu wakha uhlu lozalo Lwakhe, nabanye futhi benza umsebenzi omningi owentando yomuntu. UJesu akazelanga ukuzophelelisa nokuzuza umuntu kodwa ukuzokwenza isigaba esisodwa somsebenzi: wokuzoletha ivangeli lombuso wasezulwini nokuqedela umsebenzi wokubethelwa—futhi lapho uJesu esebethelwe, umsebenzi Wakhe wafika ekugcineni. Kodwa kulesi sigaba—umsebenzi wokunqoba—maningi amazwi okumele akhulunywe, mningi umsebenzi okumele wenziwe futhi kumele kube nezinqubo eziningi. Kulindeleke okufanayo ngezimfihlakalo zomsebenzi kaJesu noJehova okumele zembulwe, ukuze bonke abantu babe nokuqonda nokucacelwa ekukholweni kwabo, ngoba lona umsebenzi wezinsuku zokugcina futhi izinsuku zokugcina ziwukuphela komsebenzi kaNkulunkulu, isikhathi sokuphela kwalo msebenzi. Lesi sigaba somsebenzi sizokukhanyisela umthetho kaJehova kanye nokuhlenga kukaJesu, futhi sibalulekile ukuze uqonde wonke umsebenzi kaNkulunkulu wohlelo lokuphatha lweminyaka eyizinkulungwane eziyisithupha, nokuthi wazise konke ukubaluleka kanye nengqikithi yale minyaka eyizinkulungwane eziyisithupha yohlelo lokuphatha ukuze futhi uqonde inhloso yawo wonke umsebenzi owenziwa nguJesu kanye namazwi awakhuluma, kanye ngisho nokukholwa kwakho nokuthanda kwakho iBhayibheli. Konke lokhu kuzokwenza ukuba ubone. Uzowuqonda umsebenzi owenziwe uJesu kanye nomsebenzi kaNkulunkulu namuhla; uzoliqonda futhi ulazi lonke iqiniso, ukuphila nendlela. Esigabeni somsebenzi owenziwa uJesu, kungani uJesu ahamba ngaphandle kokuqeda umsebenzi kaNkulunkulu? Kungenxa yokuthi isigaba somsebenzi kaJesu sasingewona umsebenzi wesiphetho. Lapho ebethelwa esiphambanweni, amazwi Akhe nawo afika ekugcineni; ngemva kokubethelwa Kwakhe, umsebenzi Wakhe wawusuqedwe ngokuphelele. Isigaba esikuso manje sihlukile: Kuyoba kuphela ngemva kokuba amazwi esekhulunywe kwaze kwaba sekugcineni nomsebenzi wonke kaNkulunkulu usuphothuliwe, lapho umsebenzi Wakhe uyoqedwa khona. Phakathi nesigaba sikaJesu somsebenzi, maningi amazwi agcina engashiwongo noma angaphiniyiswanga ngokugcwele. Kodwa uJesu akakhathazekanga ngalokho akusho noma angakushongo, ngoba inkonzo Yakhe kwakungeyona inkonzo yamazwi ngakho ngemva kokubethelwa esiphambanweni wahamba. Leso sigaba somsebenzi ikakhulu sasingenxa yokubethelwa, futhi asifani nhlobo nesigaba sanamuhla. Lesi sigaba somsebenzi ikakhulu simayelana nokuqedwa, ukucaciswa kanye nokufinyelelisa wonke umsebenzi esiphethweni. Uma amazwi engakhulunywanga kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kwawo, ngeke ibe khona indlela yokuphetha lo msebenzi ngoba kulesi sigaba somsebenzi wonke umsebenzi ufikiswa ekugcineni futhi ufezwa ngokusebenzisa amazwi. Ngaleso sikhathi, uJesu wenza umsebenzi omningi ongaqondakali kumuntu. Wahamba ngokuthula futhi namuhla baningi abangawaqondi amazwi Akhe, labo abanokuqonda okuyiphutha kodwa ababesakholwa ukuthi baneqiniso, abangazi ukuthi baphambukile. Ekugcineni, lesi sigaba sanamuhla sizofikisa umsebenzi kaNkulunkulu ekugcineni okuphelele, futhi silethe isiphetho sawo. Bonke bayoluqonda futhi balwazi kahle uhlelo lukaNkulunkulu lokuphatha. Imibono ekumuntu, izinhloso zakhe, ukuqonda kwakhe okuyiphutha, imicabango yakhe ngomsebenzi kaJehova noJesu, imibono yakhe ngokuqondene nabeZizwe, nakho konke okunye ukuphambuka namaphutha akhe kuyolungiswa. Umuntu uyoziqonda zonke izindlela ezifanele zokuphila nawo wonke umsebenzi owenziwe nguNkulunkulu nalo lonke iqiniso. Lapho lokhu kwenzeka, lesi sigaba somsebenzi sizophela.
Kucashunwe “Umbono Womsebenzi KaNkulunkulu (2)” encwadini ethi Izwi Livela Lisenyameni
Kulesi sigaba sokugcina somsebenzi, imiphumela itholakala ngezwi. Ngezwi, umuntu uyakwazi ukuqonda izimfihlakalo eziningi nomsebenzi kaNkulunkulu kuzo zonke izizukulwane ezedlule; ngezwi umuntu ukhanyiselwa nguMoya oNgcwele; ngezwi umuntu uqonda izimfihlakalo ezingakaze ngaphambili zisombululwe yizizukulwane zakudala kanye nomsebenzi wabaphrofethi nabaphostoli basendulo kanye nezimiso ababesebenza ngazo; ngezwi umuntu ubuye aqonde isimo sikaNkulunkulu uqobo, kanye nokuvukela nokuphikisa komuntu futhi akwazi ukuziqonda ingqikithi yakhe. Ngazo zonke lezi zigaba zomsebenzi nawo wonke amazwi akhulunyiwe, umuntu useyawazi umsebenzi woMoya, umsebenzi kaNkulunkulu osenyameni futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, sonke isimo sikaNkulunkulu. Ulwazi lwenu lomsebenzi kaNkulunkulu wokuphatha kukaNkulunkulu weminyaka eyizinkulungwane eziyisithupha lwatholakala ngezwi. Ingabe akulona ulwazi lwakho lwemicabango yakho yangaphambili kanye nokuphumelela ukuyiyeka okwatholakala ngezwi? Esigabeni esedlule, uJesu wenza izibonakaliso nezimangaliso, kodwa akunjalo kulesi sigaba. Ingabe ukuqonda kwakho kokuthi kungani angenzi kanjalo nakho akuzuzwanga ngezwi? Ngakho, amazwi akhulunywe kulesi sigaba ayawedlula umsebenzi owenziwa ngabaphostoli nabaphrofethi bezizukulwane ezedlule. Ngisho neziphrofetho ezenziwa ngabaphrofethi zazingeke zibe nemiphumela enjena.
Kucashunwe “Imfihlakalo Yokuba Senyameni (4)” encwadini ethi Izwi Livela Lisenyameni
Ngezinsuku zokugcina, uNkulunkulu ufike ikakhulukazi ukuze akhulume amazwi akhe. Ukhuluma ngokweso likaMoya, ngokweso lomuntu, futhi nangokweso lomuntu wesithathu; Ukhuluma ngezindlela ezehlukene, esebenzisa indlela eyodwa ngesikhathi esithile, futhi asebenzise ezinye izindlela zokukhuluma ukuguquka imicabango yomuntu kanye nokususa umfanekiso kaNkulunkulu ongacacile enhliziyweni yomuntu. Lokhu iwona umsebenzi osemqoka owenziwa nguNkulunkulu. Ngenxa yokuthi umuntu ukholwa ukuthi uNkulunkulu ufike ukuzosindisa abagulayo, ukukhipha amadimoni, ukwenza izimangaliso, kanye nokuletha izibusiso eziphathekayo kumuntu, uNkulunkulu wenza lesi sigaba somsebenzi—umsebenzi wokusola nokwahlulela—ukuze asuse izinto ezinjalo emicabangweni yomuntu, ukuze umuntu azi ubunjalo kanye nokujwayeleka kukaNkulunkulu, futhi ukuze umfanekiso kaJesu ususwe enhliziyweni yakhe futhi indawo yawo ithathwe umfanekiso omusha kaNkulunkulu. Ngokushesha uma umfanekiso kaNkulunkulu kumuntu uba mdala, uphenduka isithixo. Ngesikhathi uJesu efika futhi enza leso sigaba somsebenzi, wayengamele ukuphelela kukaNkulunkulu. Wenza izimpawu nezimangaliso ezithile, wakhuluma amazwi athile, futhi wagcina ngokubethelwa, futhi wamela ingxenye eyodwa kaNkulunkulu. Wayengeke amele konke okungokukaNkulunkulu, kodwa wamela uNkulunkulu ngokwenza ingxenye eyodwa yomsebenzi kaNkulunkulu. Lokhu yingoba uNkulunkulu mukhulu kakhulu, futhi uyamangalisa kakhulu, futhi akaqondakali, futhi ngoba uNkulunkulu wenza ingxenye eyodwa yomsebenzi wakhe enkathini ngayinye. Umsebenzi owenziwa nguNkulunkulu kule nkathi owokuhlinzeka ikakhulukazi amazwi empilo yomuntu, ukuvezwa ingqikithi yemvelo yomuntu kanye nesimo esonakalisiwe somuntu, ukususa kwemicabango yezenkolo, ukucabanga kwasemandulo, ukucabanga osekuphelelwe isikhathi, kanye nolwazi namasiko omuntu. Konke lokhu kufanele kunekwe obala futhi kuhlanzwe ngamazwi kaNkulunkulu. Ezinsukwini zokugcina, uNkulunkulu usebenzisa amazwi, hhayi izimpawu nezimangaliso, ukuphelelisa umuntu. Usebenzisa amazwi akhe ukudalula umuntu, ukwehlulela umuntu, ukusola umuntu futhi nokuphelelisa umuntu, ukuze emazwini kaNkulunkulu, umuntu aze abone ukuhlakanipha nobuhle bukaNkulunkulu, futhi aze abone isimo sikaNkulunkulu, ukuze ngamazwi kaNkulunkulu, umuntu abone izenzo zikaNkulunkulu.
Kucashunwe “Ukwazi Umsebenzi kaNkulunkulu Namhlanje” encwadini ethi Izwi Livela Lisenyameni
Ezinsukwini zokugcina, uNkulunkulu ikakhulu usebenzisa izwi ukuphelelisa umuntu. Akasebenzisi izimpawu nezimangaliso ukucindezela abantu, noma ukubathonya; lokhu ngeke kucacise amandla kaNkulunkulu. Uma uNkulunkulu ekhombisa izizimpawu nezimangaliso kuphela, kusho ukuthi kuzoba nzima ukucacisa iqiniso likaNkulunkulu, ngakho-ke kube nzima ukuphelelisa umuntu. UNkulunkulu akamphelelisi ngezimpawu nangezimangaliso umuntu, kodwa usebenzisa izwi ukunisela nokwelusa umuntu, ngemva kwalokho abantu bakwazi ukulalela nokwazi uNkulunkulu. Lena yinhloso yomsebenzi awenzayo namazwi awakhulumayo. UNkulunkulu akasebenzisi indlela yokukhombisa izimpawu nezimangaliso ukuphelelisa umuntu—usebenzisa amazwi, futhi usebenzisa izindlela eziningi ezehlukene zokusebenza ukuphelelisa umuntu. Noma ngabe ukucwengwa, ukusebenzelana, ukuthenwa, noma ukunikezwa amazwi, uNkulunkulu ukhuluma ngezindlela eziningi ukuze aphelelise umuntu, futhi anike umuntu ulwazi olukhulu ngomsebenzi, ubuhlakani nokumangalisa kukaNkulunkulu.
Kucashunwe “Konke Kuyafezeka Ngezwi LikaNkulunkulu” encwadini ethi Izwi Livela Lisenyameni
Ngezinsuku zokugcina, uma uNkulunkulu eba yinyama wasebenzisa izwi kakhulu ukukwenza konke nokukwenza kucace. Kusemazwini Akhe kuphela lapho ungabona khona ukuthi uyini Yena; kusemazwini Akhe kuphela lapho ungabona khona ukuthi unguNkulunkulu uqobo Lwakhe. Ngesikhathi uNkulunkulu osesimweni somuntu eza emhlabeni, akenzi omunye umsebenzi ngaphandle kokukhuluma amazwi—ngakho-ke asikho isidingo samaqiniso; amazwi anele. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi uzele ikakhulu ukuzokwenza lo msebenzi, ukuvumela abantu babone amandla Akhe nobukhulu bamazwi Akhe, ukuvumela abantu babone emazwini Akhe ukuthi uzifihla kanjani ngokuthobeka, nokuvumela abantu bazi ukuphelela Kwakhe emazwini Akhe. Konke lokhu anakho nayikho kusemazwini Akhe, ubuhlakani nokumangalisa Kwakhe kusemazwini Akhe. Kulokhu wenziwa ukuthi ukwazi ukubona izindlela eziningi uNkulunkulu akhuluma ngazo amazwi Akhe. Umsebenzi omningi kaNkulunkulu sonke lesi sikhathi bekungukunikeza ukwambula nokusebenza kumuntu. Akamqalekisi kancane umuntu, noma ngabe uyakwenza, ukwenza ngezwi. Ngalokho-ke, kule nkathi uNkulunkulu eba yinyama, ungazami ukubona uNkulunkulu ephilisa futhi ekhipha amadimoni futhi, ungazami ukuhlala ubona izimpawu—asikho isidingo! Lezo zimpawu ngeke zimphelelise umuntu! Ukukhuluma ngokusobala nje: Namuhla, uNkulunkulu wenyama wangempela uqobo Lwakhe uyakhuluma kuphela, akenzi. Leli yiqiniso! Usebenzisa amazwi ukuze akuphelelise, asebenzise amazwi ukukondla nokukuphuzisa. Uphinde asebenzise amazwi ukusebenza, futhi usebenzisa amazwi endaweni yamaqiniso ukwenza wena wazi iqiniso. Uma ukwazi ukubona lolu hlobo lomsebenzi kaNkulunkulu, kusho ukuthi kunzima ukungenzi lutho. Endaweni yokugxila ezintweni ezimbi, kumele ugxile kokuhle—okungukuthi, noma ngabe amazwi kaNkulunkulu agcwalisekile noma cha, noma akhona amaqiniso noma awekho, uNkulunkulu wenza abantu bazuze ukuphila emazwini Akhe, kanti lolu yilona phawu olukhulu kunazo zonke, futhi phezu kwalokho, kuyiqiniso elingephikwe. Lobu ubufakazi obukhulu ongaba nolwazi ngoNkulunkulu ngabo, futhi kuwuphawu olukhulu kunezinye izimpawu. Yila mazwi kuphela angaphelelisa umuntu.
Kucashunwe “Konke Kuyafezeka Ngezwi LikaNkulunkulu” encwadini ethi Izwi Livela Lisenyameni
Nakuba amazwi Ami eqinile, akhulunyelwa insindiso yabantu, njengoba ngikhuluma amazwi futhi ngingajezisi inyama yabantu. La mazwi enza abantu baphile ekukhanyeni, ukuba nazi ukuthi ukukhanya kukhona, ukuba nazi ukuthi ukukhanya kuyigugu, ikakhulu nazi inzuzo yala mazwi kubantu, nokwazi ukuthi uNkulunkulu uyinsindiso. Nakuba sengiwakhulumile amazwi amaningi okusola nesahlulelo, akenzelwanga nina. Ngize ukuzokwenza umsebenzi Wami, nokukhuluma amazwi Ami, nakuba amazwi Ami eqinile, akhulunywa ukuze ahlulele inkohlakalo yenu nokuhlubuka kwenu. Inhloso Yami yokwenza lokhu kusangukusindisa abantu, inhloso Yami akusiko ukulimaza abantu ngamazwi Ami. Amazwi Ami aqinile ukuze kube khona imiphumela efezwa umsebenzi Wami. Kungokusebenza ngale ndlela kuphela lapho abantu bengakwazi khona ukuzazi futhi behlukane nesimo sabo sokuhlubuka. Okubaluleke kakhulu ngalo msebenzi wamazwi ukuvumela abantu ukuthi benze iqiniso ngemva kokuliqondisisa, banze izinguquko esimweni sabo, futhi bazuze ulwazi ngabo uqobo nomsebenzi kaNkulunkulu. Ukusebenza ngokukhuluma kuphela okungenza ukuxhumana phakathi kukaNkulunkulu nomuntu, amazwi kuphela angakwazi ukuchaza iqiniso. Ukusebenza ngale ndlela kuyindlela elunge kakhulu ekunqobeni abantu; ngaphandle kwamazwi. Ayikho enye indlela yokunikeza abantu ukuqonda kweqiniso okucace kangconywana nonsebenzi kaNkulunkulu, ngakho-ke esigabeni Sakhe sokugcina somsebenzi, uNkulunkulu ukhuluma kubantu ukuze avulele umuntu wonke amaqiniso nezimfihlakalo abangaziqondi, ubavumela ukuthi bazuze indlela eyiqiniso nempilo evela kuNkulunkulu, nokwanelisa intando kaNkulunkulu.
Kucashunwe “Kufanele Ubeke Eceleni Izibusisio Zesimo Futhi Uqonde Intando KaNkulunkulu Yensindiso Yomuntu” encwadini ethi Izwi Livela Lisenyameni
Kule minyaka, uNkulunkulu uzokwenza kube yiqiniso kinina ukuthi wonke umuntu aphile izwi likaNkulunkulu, akwazi ukusebenzisa iqiniso, athande uNkulunkulu ngobuqotho; ukuthi bonke abantu basebenzise izwi likaNkulunkulu njengesisekelo neqiniso labo babe nezinhliziyo ezihlonipha uNkulunkulu; nokuthi, ngokwenza izwi likaNkulunkulu, umuntu-ke angabusa kanye noNkulunkulu. Yilo msebenzi uNkulunkulu azowufeza. Ungaphila ngaphandle kokufunda izwi likaNkulunkulu? Baningi manje abazizwa sengathi angeke bakwazi ukuhlala ngisho usuku olulodwa nje noma ezimbili ngaphandle kokufunda izwi likaNkulunkulu. Kufanele bafunde izwi Lakhe nsuku zonke, kanti uma isikhathi singavumi, ukulalela nje izwi Lakhe kwanele. Lo umuzwa umuntu awunikezwa uMoya ONgcwele nendlela oqala ngayo ukunyakazisa umuntu. Kusho ukuthi, ubusa umuntu ngamazwi ukuze umuntu angene eqinisweni lezwi likaNkulunkulu. Uma uzwa ubumnyama nokoma ngemva nje kosuku olulodwa ungadlile futhi ungaphuzile izwi likaNkulunkulu, ukuthole kungemukelekile, lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi usunyakazisiwe uMoya oNgcwele, kanti futhi akakufulathelanga. Uyilowo okulo mfudlana. Nokho, uma ungenakho ukuqonda noma ungezwa koma ngemva kosuku noma ezimbili ngaphandle kokuphuza izwi likaNkulunkulu, futhi awuzizwa unyakaziseka, lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi uMoya oNgcwele ukufulathele. Lokhu kusho ukuthi-ke isimo ngaphakathi kwakho asilungile; awukangeni eNkathini Yezwi, futhi nguwena osalele emuva. UNkulunkulu usebenzisa izwi ukubusa umuntu; uzizwa kamnandi uma udla futhi uphuza izwi likaNkulunkulu, kodwa uma ungakwenzi lokho, ngeke ube nayo indlela yokulandela. Izwi likaNkulunkulu liba ukudla komuntu namandla amqhubayo. IBhayibheli lithi “Akusinkwa sodwa umuntu angaphila ngaso kodwa ngamazwi onke aphuma emlonyeni kaNkulunkulu.” Lo umsebenzi uNkulunkulu azowufeza namuhla. Uzofeza leli qiniso kinina. Bekwenzeka kanjani ukuthi mandulo abantu bahlale izinsuku eziningi ngaphandle kokufunda izwi likaNkulunkulu kodwa baqhubeke badle futhi basebenze? Kungani kungenjalo manje? Kulesi sikhathi, uNkulunkulu usebenzisa kakhulu izwi ukubusa bonke. Ngezwi likaNkulunkulu, umuntu uyahlulelwa futhi apheleliswe, ekugcineni athathwe ayiswe embusweni. Izwi likaNkulunkulu kuphela elinganikeza umuntu ukuphila, futhi izwi likaNkulunkulu kuphela elinganikeza umuntu ukukhanya nendlela yokulenza, ikakhulu eNkathini Yombuso. Uma nje usalokhu udla futhi uphuza izwi Lakhe nsuku zonke ungaphumi eqinisweni lezwi likaNkulunkulu, uNkulunkulu uzokuphelelisa.
Kucashunwe “INkathi Yombuso YiNkathi Yezwi” encwadini ethi Izwi Livela Lisenyameni


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Umphakeli Uthumele 25izingcaphuno kubathengi ngo zokugcina ezingu-30.


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- Kuhle intengo, ukulethwa fast
- isipiliyoni Amasu ezahlukene imikhiqizo HVACR
- Excellent emva-ukudayiswa service Thina isiqiniseko unyaka 1 izinga isiqinisekiso singasebenzi. Uma imikhiqizo Sidayisa kuwe kukhona inkinga izinga ngonyaka owodwa, sithembisa esikhundleni sazo khulula futhi wenze compesation yakho
- OEM isevisi - Njalo umkhiqizo omusha zingenziwa olunembile by design yakho noma umdwebo


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Indlela mhlophe amazinyo usebenzisa ekhaya mhlophe indlela
Having pair elihle shiny amazinyo iphupho for everybody njengoba nje wazi indlela mhlophe amazinyo akho. Ungase futhi wenze amazinyo akho kugqama mhlophe nge amazinyo mhlophe kit noma yokwelapha wamazinyo. Nokho, mhlophe amazinyo elandelayo iyiphi yalezi zindlela ngokuvamile kubiza abawasebenzisayo ukuthi iningi labantu engeke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zindlela musa njalo the best futhi elamukelekile kakhulu. Ngaphandle nje kuka-the-counter amazinyo kits mhlophe kanye nokuhlinzwa ezibizayo yamazinyo, une inketho eyodwa ngaphezulu indlela mhlophe amazinyo akho esisiza uthola ibala-free, Pearly amazinyo amhlophe ngaphandle kokugqoka yimuphi umthwalo ngokwezimali kuwe. Uyokwazi ukwazi indlela mhlophe amazinyo akho usebenzisa ikhaya amazinyo mhlophe indlela. Home amazinyo mhlophe izindlela ngokuvamile ukusebenza ngempumelelo kuka nezinye izindlela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amasu emakhaya abiza kancane kakhulu ukuthi ungakwazi ngokuqinisekile kwenzeke. Ngezansi kukhona izindlela indlela mhlophe amazinyo akho e engambi eqolo.
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Baking soda iyatholakala ekhishini cishe zonke izindlu futhi usiza indlela mhlophe amazinyo akho. Abantu sebenzisa baking soda njengoba Tastemaker. Baking soda liyasetshenziswa ukuze ahlanze izinjongo. Isebenza ngempumelelo ukususa ngephunga okunoshukela imbala. Ungasebenzisa baking soda ukuze bahlanze amazinyo akho. Baking soda kuyinto athile emvelweni futhi lokhu sici sikusiza ukususa ibala ebusweni angaphandle amazinyo akho. Ngoba izinyo mhlophe, thatha spoon of soda, iconsi ambalwa amanzi bese isixubho esithambile-ezishaya eduze omanzi. Thatha soda asentendeni yesandla sakho bese wengeza amaconsi amanzi kuso ukwenza udaka of it. Manje agcobhoze isixubho singene unama ukuxubha amazinyo akho. Ungakwazi ukulandela le ndlela okuningi njengoba once njalo ngesonto.
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Kukhona ezinye izithelo ezisiza indlela mhlophe amazinyo akho; kodwa strawberry ukusebenza okungcono, ukuze zibe mhlophe amazinyo akho. It ingenye elula, ngempumelelo futhi engabizi ekhaya amazinyo mhlophe kits. Strawberry iqukethe malic acid njengenhlangano isithako. Lokhu isithako organic kusiza ku indlela mhlophe amazinyo akho ukuze athambise amabala ebusweni amazinyo. Ukuthola imiphumela emihle kakhulu, ungasebenzisa baking soda kanye strawberry. Sika omunye naphakathi nendawo sitrobheli ezivuthiwe zibe yizicucu amancane uthathe izingcezu endishini. Bese wengeza spoon nengxenye of soda ukuze izithelo bahlanganise ingxube ngemfoloko ukuze ubuyisele kahle kuze kube yilapho ukungaguquguquki pulpy. Manje zisebenza le ngxube on amazinyo akho nge isixubho kanye ulinde imizuzu embalwa. Bese hashaza kahle umlomo wakho ngamanzi plain. Ungenza lokhu ngoba once in masonto onke.
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Lokhu kungenye option ezinhle indlela mhlophe amazinyo akho ekhaya. In izindlu eziningi, isetshenziselwa zokukhipha igciwane ukusikeka kanye imihuzuko eziwubala. It ingasetshenziswa njengendlela enhle amazinyo whitener. toothpastes eqolo ziqukethe peroxide njengoba isakhi esiyinhloko. Ungakwazi ukuyisebenzisa njengeqhinga mouthwash futhi ibuye amazinyo whitener. Thatha indebe eyodwa nane peroxide emlonyeni wakho futhi gurgle eyodwa minute. Bese Hlambulula umlomo wakho kahle amanzi plain. Ukuxubha amazinyo akho ngemva kokusebenzisa peroxide ukuze uthole umphumela ongcono. Ungasebenzisa peroxide once in nsuku zonke ukuze uthole umphumela elindelekile kakhulu.


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Ukuba ngumfundi
Yiba ngumlandeli kaKrestu-Yenza abalandeli baKrestu.
Amagama asho okufanayo:
▪ Umlandeli, isitshudeni, umfundi, oqeqeshwayo.
▪ Yiba yisibonelo ngokuba ngumlandeli weqiniso kaKrestu.
▪ Fundisa amalungu ukulandela uJesu nokuba afane noJesu.
▪ Yakha isimilo esifana nesikaKrestu kuwo wonke amalungu.
Izincazelo ezimfishane:
“Ukuba ngumfundi kusho indlela yempilo yekholwa yokufunda, yokuqeqeshwa, yokudlondlobala kanye nokuthuthuka okwenzeka kungahleliwe noma ngokwenhloso, nokuyilapho ikholwa, ngokusebenza kukaMoya ONgcwele, liqhubeka nokuveza ubukhona bukaJesu Krestu empilweni yalo ngokweqiniso.”
“Umlandeli woqobo kaJesu Krestu ngenkathi esaphila.”
Amavesi Amqoka:
▪ NgokukaMatewu 28:19
▪ KwabaseKhorinte Boku-1, 11:1
▪ KwabaseGalathiya 4:19
▪ Izenzo 1:8
▪ KwabaseKhorinte Besi-2, 3:18
▪ KwabaseGalathiya 5:22
Ukuba ngumfundi soze kwahlukaniswa noMyalelo Omkhulu, nokwenza kube yinto ebaluleke kakhulu futhi okuyisu okugxilwe kulo eSwini Lethu Elilodwa Lokwenza Le-AFM. Amazwi kaJesu mawazwakale ezindlebeni zethu: “Ngakhoke, hambani nenze izizwe zonke abafundi…” (NgokukaMatewu 28:19). UMyalelo Omkhulu awugcini nje ngokushumayela iVangeli nokuphendula abantu. Labo bantu asebephendukile kumele benziwe abafundi. Uma kungenjalo, kusho ukuthi asikenzi lutho ngoMyalelo kaJesu.
Ukuba yibandla elisebenzela ukufeza injongo kaNkulunkulu ngokweqiniso kudinga abafundi beqiniso, nanjengoba ukuba namalungu ebandla angabafundi beqiniso nako kusho ukuba yibandla elisebenzela ukufeza injongo kaNkulunkulu. Ngaphandle kwalokhu okunye, ngeke kube khona nalokhu okunye.
Umuntu kumele abe ngumfundi yena kuqala ukuze akwazi ukwenza abanye babe ngabafundi. (KwabaseKhorinte Boku-1, 11:1) Lokhu kusho ukuthi lowo muntu usemamukele uJesu njengeNkosi noMsindisi. Baningi abamthandayo uJesu njengomuntu oyisibonelo esihle kakhulu nochaza ngokunothile ukuthi ngonjani umuntu ohlabahlosile (njengo- Mohandas Ghanddi), kodwa ungaba ngumfundi kaJesu kuphela uma esebe nguMsindisi/nguMhlengi wakho. Ukuba ngumfundi kuqala ngokuhlengwa.
Inhloso yokuba ngumfundi ngukuziphatha nokucabanga ngendlela uKrestu ayeziphatha ngayo kube ngokwemvelo yakho, ngamanye amazwi, ngukuveza kakhulu ubukhona bakhe, uthando lwakhe, ukuphila kwakhe kanye namandla akhe. (KwabaseGalathiya 4:19)
Ukuba ngumfundi kusho ukunikezwa amandla. Yingakho futhi asebephendukile kumele nakanjani babhabhadiswe ngokukaMoya ONgcwele. (Izenzo 1:8) Impilo eholwa nguMoya ikhiqiza izimpawu zokufana noKrestu ngaphandle kokukuhlela lokho. (KwabaseKhorinte Boku-1, 3:18) Lokhu kuyingxenye yezithelo zikaMoya. (KwabaseGalathiya 5:22)
Ukwehluleka ukukhiqiza abafundi beqiniso baKrestu, kungaba yisona sici esikhulu sebandla kanti kungenzeka kube yisona sizathu esidala ukuba izwe lethu libe namazinga obubi angemukelekile ngale ndlela kanye nokungabikhona kobulungiswa kwezokuhlalisana kwabantu, kweziphathelene nocansi kanye nobubi babantu nje ngabodwana – yize kunenani eliphezulu kangaka lamaKrestu. Baningi abazibiza ngamaKrestu kodwa bambalwa abangabafundi baKrestu.
Ibandla nemisebenzi yalo alikwazi ukusindisa abantu – nguNkulunkulu kuphela ongenza lokho. Kodwa sinikwe nguNkulunkulu ijoka lokukhiqiza abafundi, abangabalandeli boqobo baKristu, sibaholele ekukhuleni. (Kwabase-Efesu 4:12). Lokhu kwenzeka ngokushumayela nangokufundisa, ngempilo eyisibonelo kubaholi, ngokulolonga nangokuqeqesha okwenzeka ngokwengqikithi yobudlelwane beqiniso nobuqatha. Ukukhiqiza abafundi baJesu beqiniso kuyinselelo enkulu – kusukela emabandleni amancane kuya kwamakhulu.


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Ubuciko kanye Ezokuzijabulisa, Art
Kuyini conceptualism? Lokhu raztsionalizma zamagama nge empiricism
Ingabe uyazi ukuthi conceptualism? Lena ngenye yezindawo wefilosofi esikoleni. Ngokusho lokhu imfundiso ukubonakaliswa cognition iza kanye nakho, kodwa akuveli isipiliyoni. Conceptualism kungabuye umelwe synthesis rationalism futhi empiricism. Igama elithi livela egameni lesi Latin conceptus, okusho ukuthi umqondo, umqondo. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kule Yiqiniso zefilosofi, liphinde movement zamasiko ukuthi kwavela kwekhulu lama-20.
abameleli conceptualism
Peter Abelard, amabili John - Duns Scotus futhi Salisbury, John Duns, John Locke - zonke lezi zefilosofi ihlanganisa conceptualism. Lawa zefilosofi abakholelwa ukuthi imibono evame ukubuzwa yibo bonke, kwenzeka ngesikhathi yokufuna okuhlangenwe nakho ngamunye. Okungukuthi, kuze sibhekene nale noma lowo mkhuba, asiqondi ngokuyisisekelo lokhu noma lokhuya izinkinga jikelele. Ngokwesibonelo, ngenkathi siye singakazalwa nakuzalwa ukungabi nabulungisa, ngeke baqonde okushiwo ubulungisa. By endleleni, lo mbono kabanzi endaweni zokudala - conceptualism 'ubhedu kwezobuciko, ikakhulukazi imidwebo. Ecwebezelayo omele kakhulu lakhe liphakathi abaculi Dzhozef Koshut, futhi phakathi abaculi - Henry Flint.
art lomqondo
Dzhozef Koshut wakuchaza okushiwo lo mbono endaweni rethinking ephelele ukusebenza imisebenzi yobuciko namasiko jikelele bebonke. Wagomela ukuthi art ungamandla imibono, kodwa noma kunjalo hhayi yezinto ezibonakalayo. Ukwakheka lakhe! "Enye indoda nezihlalo ezintathu", okuyinto eqeda ngo-1965, waba isibonelo zakudala conceptualism. Umdwebo lomqondo libhekisela hhayi umbono engokomoya nengokomzwelo kwalokho okuvezwa nakubona ukukuqonda ngu intelligence. Ngo art lomqondo nomqondo imisebenzi yobuciko, noma kungaba umdwebo noma incwadi noma zomculo indalo, kubaluleke ngaphezu lubonakaliswa ngokomzimba. Lokhu kusho ukuthi injongo eyinhloko art amanga ngokungenaphutha ukudluliselwa imicabango nemibono. By the way, izinto lomqondo kungaba izinhlobo yesimanje imisebenzi, ezifana izithombe, ividiyo noma izinto alalelwayo, nokunye. D.
Conceptualism zobuciko
Njengoba sekuphawuliwe kakade, omunye abameleli ngemibono lokhu kuthambekela umculi Marsel Dyushan (France). Wayelethwa ukulungiselela isikhathi eside, "inhlabathi" ukuze umqondo ophathelene nokuthile ezimele, ukudala ngomumo mades. Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke kuzo wadalwa umculi ngo-1917, "Umthombo" -pissuar. By endleleni, it yethulwa embukisweni eyayihlelelwe Abaculi Independent e-New York. Yini wafuna ukubonisa umsebenzi wakhe Duchamp? Urinal - into evamile esetshenziswa izinjongo sanitary futhi ihlanzekile. Uma kwenziwa efektri, it is Yiqiniso, asikwazi ziyimisebenzi art. Nokho, uma indalo yayo kwaba umdali, umculi, le urinal eyeka ukuba izinto zasekhaya ezivamile, ngoba uhlukile, has ubuhle nezici umbono isetshenzisiwe ukwakha kuwo. Kafushane, conceptualism - ukunqoba imibono imizwelo. Lokhu kwenza a abalulekile umkhiqizo othize.
conceptualism Russian
Lokhu ukuhamba zefilosofi kwezobuciko kwenzeka ngo eRussia, ikakhulu eMoscow. Yaqala ubuciko olungekho emthethweni zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa ngasekuqaleni 70-yalolucwaningo kwekhulu elidlule. Nokho, le nkulumo eMoscow Conceptualism sekukhona kancane kamuva, ngo-1979, ngesandla ukukhanya Borisa Groysa, esanyatheliswa kumagazini i-"Kusukela A to Z," Esihlokweni esithi "zothando conceptualism eMoscow." It has amagatsha amabili: literaturotsentrichnuyu nokuhlaziya.
Izibonelo art lomqondo
Umsebenzi wokuqala omkhulu kule isiqondiso, embukisweni ngo-1953, umsebenzi 'kusulwe umdwebo Qing Robert Rauschenberg sika ". Vuma ke, igama ngajwayelekile for isici isampuli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, nawu umbuzo: ubani umbhali waleli umsebenzi - noma Qing Rauschenberg? Into wukuthi ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile ngemva kokudalwa kuka-lesi sibalo Willem de Kooning-om Robert Milton Ernest Rauschenberg kusulwe futhi okufakiwe ngomsebenzi wabo. Ingqikithi isinyathelo sakhe sasesisiliswa wabizela yisifiso inselelo umqondo art bendabuko. Wayengumuntu umsekeli ngomumo eyenziwe - imisinga kuNkhundla imidwebo, lapho akunandaba ukuthi ubani umbhali yokuqala ebalulekile umphumela wokugcina, okungukuthi umbono, okuyinto linamathele umkhiqizo wadala. Isibonelo ezisobala kakhulu collage ngomumo eyenziwe ababuthelwa kusukela izinsalela izingoma ezahlukene. Enye omele umsinga Iv Kleyn kwaba nombhali "hydrostatic Paris ebaziwe". Ukuze wenze lokhu, kwathatha 1001 Balloons wawabeka esibhakabhakeni phezu Paris. Lokhu kwakwenziwa ukukhangisa embukisweni at Le Weiden.
isiphetho
Ngakho, umsunguli wale nhlangano ubhekwa Marsel Dyushan. Nguye wasikisela ukuba incazelo yalokho kubalulekile zobuciko akuyona into, kodwa umbono. Akunandaba umphumela wokugcina, aesthetics zayo, kodwa kubalulekile ukuthi ubani umbhali kanye kwaba okushiwo imibono yakhe. Kafushane, conceptualism - kuba umkhuba imidwebo, izincwadi, umculo, ubuciko ngokuvamile, elisebenza kakhulu engaqondakali umbukeli, umfundi, umlaleli noma ziqondakala ngamunye ngendlela ekhethekile.
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