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Ngenxa yezinguquko ezimweni zezomnotho nezenhlalo ekhulwini le-XNUMX eNgilandi naseYurophu, ukuhlaziywa kwezihloko ezinjengokubaluleka nokusabalalisa kwaba nesithakazelo. Ababhali bangaleso sikhathi babebizwa nge-neoclassical, begxile ekusizeni. Funda kulesi sihloko konke mayelana isikole se-neoclassical, abagxeki babo, abacabangi nokunye.
Okuqukethwe
- 1 Escuela Neoclásica de la Umnotho
- 2 Origen
- 3 Izici
- 3.1 I-Methodological Individualism
- 3.2 I-Methodological Instrumentalism
- 3.3 Ibhalansi Yendlela
- 4 Ukugxekwa kwe-Neoclassicism
- 5 Intuthuko Kamuva
- 6 Ukugxekwa kwe-Contemporary Neoclassicism
- 7 Okuthunyelwe okuyinhloko kwe-neoclassical economics
- 8 Marshall General Reflection
esikoleni I-Neoclassical Economics
I-Neoclassical economics, eyaziwa nangokuthi isikole se-neoclassical noma ithiyori yezomnotho ye-neoclassical, umqondo osetshenziselwa ukubhekisela esikoleni sezomnotho. ukucabanga kwezomnotho, okuhloswe ngayo ukuhlanganisa ezinye izinkolelo-mbono ezivela ku-classical economics ku-marginalism.
Kusekelwe embonweni wokuthi ukubaluleka kwefa kuyikhwalithi yenzuzo noma ukwaneliseka abathengi abakunikezayo.
Umnotho noma isikole se-neoclassical satshalwa ngeminyaka yawo-1870 kanye nawo-1920, sizama ukuhlanganisa umcabango wezomnotho owaba khona ngaleso sikhathi, izimfundiso zangaleso sikhathi zazikhomba ukucacisa umnotho futhi ziwuhlobanise ngendlela yezibalo.
Leli gama lisetshenziswa ngaphansi kwemibono emibili, eyokuqala isekelwe ezehlakalweni ezenzeka emsuka wayo kanti eyesibili njengamanje ibhekisela ngokujulile emcabangweni wezomnotho ovamile.
Uthe u-E. Roy Weintraub:
"Sonke singama-neoclassical manje, ngisho nama-Keynesians, ngoba lokho okufundiswa abafundi, ukuthi yini umnotho ojwayelekile, i-neoclassical economics"
Isazi sezomnotho esiyinhloko se-neoclassical kwakungu-Alfred Marshall, owayengumsunguli wemfundiso yokulingana ngokwengxenye, esinye isitembu esikhulu kwakunguLeon Walras, umdali wethiyori yokulingana jikelele, okunye ukuqagela okuhle kakhulu.
Abanye osomnotho abavelele be-neoclassical yilaba:
- I-Knut Wicksell (imali)
- I-Inveng Fisher (imali)
- Arthur Pigou (Welfare Economics)
- Vilfredo Pareto (Well-being economics)
Isikole se-neoclassical sibe nomthelela omkhulu ezimfundisweni ezathuthukiswa kamuva emcabangweni wezomnotho kulo lonke ikhulu lama-XNUMX, njenge-classical Keynesian synthesis noma i-neo-Keynesianism, ngisho nakwezomnotho zamanje, ngokusebenzisa ama-classics amasha.
Le mibono ihlanganisa ukunaka ekuhlinzekeni kanye nesidingo ekunqumeni amanani, ukubaluleka kwenani emnothweni; ama-neoclassical athuthukise ucwaningo lwezomnotho kwezinye izici ezicatshangelwa abakudala kanye nababandlululi, okusho ukuthi bahlaziya imisebenzi yomthamo ophelele futhi ongaphelele (i-monopoly kanye ne-duopoly). I-neoclassicists iphinde yethula ukuhlaziywa kwama-aggregate.
Enye yezinto eziyinhloko ezihlukanisa isikole se-neoclassical kusukela kwesakudala yindlela ababeka ngayo amanani kanye namanani ayisithenjwa wezimpahla. Isikole sakudala sibeka inani lempahla ngezindleko zayo (ukunikezela); isikole se-neoclassical sisekela inani ngokuya ngosizo lwaso oluseceleni, okungukuthi, inani elinikezwa into yokugcina esetshenzisiwe (isidingo).
Ukukhathazeka okuyinhloko kwe-neoclassical kwakuwukubuyisela kanye nokumaketha okuphelele kwezinsiza zomphakathi. Basekela ngokuqinile ukuhwebelana kwamahhala njengendlela yokuthuthukisa umnotho kanye nendlela yokwenza inzuzo ngokuqhathanisa namazwe.
Origen
Isikole se-neoclassical sivela ekugxekeni kwababandlululi, abazama ukusebenzisa ukuqina kanye nendlela elingana nesayensi yemvelo, base bevele benza ukugxeka mayelana nezindlela nemiqondo esetshenziswa umnotho we-classical noma wezepolitiki.
I-diatribe eyakhayo yesikole se-neoclassical igxile emizamweni yokwenza kube semthethweni kanye nokwandisa umqondo wevelu evumelanayo, okuhlanganisa nendlela yomuntu ngamunye.
Baphinde bethula emfundisweni ucwaningo lwamasethi akho kokubili izimo zomnotho kanye nabantu ngabanye, njengamakilasi kodwa njengezilinganiso zezibalo nama-avareji.
Ama-neoclassical ayiziqinisekiso zokwenziwa ngokusemthethweni okunengqondo nezibalo, okuyisici okwamanje salokhu kuziphatha.
Igama elithi neoclassical ngokwalo lavela ngesikhathi sokugxekwa komhlaba wonke kukaThorstein Veblen, owayengumsunguli wesikole saseNyakatho Melika, wasebenzisa leli gama ukuze abhekisele kubantu, ngokombono wakhe, ababengahambisani nemibono yesayensi yesikole sakudala, ikakhulukazi. ukusetshenziswa kwethiyori yenani.
Kufaka phakathi inhloso yababeka eceleni ukuze esikhundleni salo kufakwe ithiyori yenani eliqondile, kanye nombono othi “okungcono kakhulu”. Lokhu kuhlanganisa labo abathathwa njengabanganaki.
Kamuva leli gama lasetshenziswa ngokujwayelekile ukuze libhekisele kubantu ababezwelana nezomnotho zaseMarshall.
I-Marshall synthesis ibonakala njengomzamo wokuhlela nokwenza ngokomthetho ezomnotho zakudala, okukubeka ngaphakathi kokugxeka kuka-Veblen.
Umbono kaMarshall kanye nabamzwelayo, abaqala ukwaziwa ngokuthi ama-marginists angamaNgisi noma ama-Marshallians, wehluke kakhulu kwabanye ababandlululi, okuvumela ukudala umbono naphezu kokuba nezimpande ezifanayo.
Ababhali be-marginalist abafana no-Wicksell no-Carl Menger baziwa njengabadali bezikole zase-Swedish nase-Austrian. Ukuba ngabasekeli abakhulu besikhathi.
Ukuhlaziywa kukaWaltas noFrancis Edgeworth ngokuvamile kufundwa kanye nezibalo zezomnotho futhi kuvame ukufaka uPatero, omele isikole saseLausanne.
Kuthathwa njengephutha ukukholelwa ukuthi uMarshall nabalandeli bakhe kuphela abangabashayi eceleni.
Lokhu kudale ukudideka; ochwepheshe benze umehluko phakathi kwama-marginalists kanye neoclassicists, nokho, iziphathimandla eziningi zifaka ababhali abaningi phakathi kwama-neoclassicists.
Ababhali bacabangele ama-neoclassical amakhulu nguMarshall, uPigou noWalras, nokho, ababhali abaningi bahlanganisa uPareto, uWicksell noFisher kuleli qembu. Ngakho-ke leli gama lingasetshenziselwa ukubhekisela ngokuyiqiniso kokubili kubabhali abakhulu kanye nalabo abaye bathonywa yibo ngokuqondile noma ngokungaqondile.
Ezincwadini zezomnotho ukusetshenziswa kwaleli gama kusetshenziswe ngomqondo ojwayelekile. Lokhu kuphinde kwadala eminye imibuzo, umthelela kaMarshall noWalras uyaqhubeka nokunwebeka kuze kube manje, ngisho nasezindabeni ze-methodological, kodwa ingabe bonke osomnotho kufanele bathathwe njenge-neoclassical?
Kwasungulwa izikole ezintathu ezinkulu ze-neoclassical:
- IsiNgisi: ephathelene noWilliam Stanley kanye no-Alfred Marshall, umholi wokuqala we-neoclassicism.
- Owase-Austria: ngokuhlanganyela no-Carl Menger, oveze izici zokuhlaziywa kwe-marginal.
- IsiFulentshi: lapho u-Leon Walras egqama khona, osebenzise ithiyori yokulingana evamile kanye nomqondo wokusetshenziswa kwe-marginal.
Izici
Leli gama lisetshenziswa kakhulu othisha nothisha, lokhu sekuholele ekutheni kube nokungabaza ukusetshenziswa kwalo ngokuziphatha, ngoba lingadukisa abafundi.
Isikhundla esamukelwe kakhulu ukuthi kukhona iqembu lezomnotho eliwela ngaphansi kwencazelo ye-neoclassical, ngenxa yokuthi babelana ngochungechunge lwemibono evamile.
NgokukaDavid Colander ekwamukelweni okuzuziwe kakhulu kwe-neoclassical, ethuthuka kusukela ngo-1870 kuya ku-1930, inezici ezilandelayo:
- Isekelwe ekulethweni kwezinsiza ngesikhathi esithile
- Kubhekiselwa ekukhethweni nasekusetshenzisweni kwezinsiza eziyivelakancane phakathi kwezinye izindlela ezingase zibe khona.
- Ivuma uhlobo oluthile lwe-utilitarianism, lokhu kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuqondeni ezomnotho
- Kuhlanganiswe kwezinye izindlela eziseceleni. Ibonisa okunye okuthakaselayo kanye noguquko oluseceleni, okuyinjongo yokubala
- Thola ubuhlakani besikhathi eside
- Kuvuma ubuntu be-methodological
- Yakhiwe ngaphansi komqondo wokulingana okuvamile emnothweni.
Kukhona labo abacabanga ukuthi isikole se-neoclassical singatholakala namuhla, uCristian Arnsperger no-Yanis Varufakis, ngendlela yabo bacabanga ukuthi ama-neoclassical ahlanganisa ama-meta-axioms amathathu:
I-Methodological Individualism
Izigigaba okufanele zicutshungulwe zigxile kakhulu kubantu ngabanye, (kubhekiselwa kubantu be-methodological noma ama-ejenti ezomnotho, abekho abantu abavamile).
“I-ejenti yezomnotho iyiyunithi eyisisekelo yokusebenza kumodeli. Ngokuvamile sibheka ukuthi i-ejenti yezomnotho ngumuntu ngamunye…. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izinhlobo zezomnotho, isizwe, umndeni noma uhulumeni uthathwa njenge-ejenti. Ngezinye izikhathi, "umuntu ngamunye" uchithwa eqoqweni lama-ejenti wezomnotho, ngamunye asebenza ezimweni ezihlukile futhi ngamunye athathwe njenge-ejenti yezomnotho.
I-neoclassical iphinda yethula ithiyori ukuhlaziywa kwamaqembu noma izigaba, zabantu ngabanye kanye nezigigaba, ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-aggregates.
I-Methodological Instrumentalism
Konke ukuziphatha kuqondiswe kokuthandwayo, okungukuthi, kuyasiza.
Inkinga yengqondo yezomnotho ishintshiwe ngenxa yalokhu. Abasekeli be-neoclassicism abavumi ukuthi abantu baphishekela ukuzicabangela bona kuphela, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kungani bephishekela umgomo ngokunengqondo.
Ibhalansi Yendlela
Ama-Neoclassical acabanga ukuthi ukuziphatha okuhlanganisiwe kuhamba endaweni yokulingana kwezomnotho.
Kwabanye ababandlululi abafana noCarl Menger, asikho isizathu sokuthi imakethe ihlale ilingana, kubo abantu bafuna ukukhulisa izinsiza nezinzuzo, hhayi ukulingana. Kunezihibe ekucabangeni kolwazi oluphelele.
Uma kwenziwa ukuhlaziya okujulile, umehluko omkhulu ungatholakala phakathi kwababhali be-neoclassical. Ukuze uthole ukuqonda okungcono, naphezu kobunzima bayo, ezinye izinhlobo ze-neoclassicism zinganqunywa. Kuyadingeka ukunaka ukuthi akubona bonke ababhali ababe neqhaza elikhethekile kule ndawo.
Izindlela Zokulinganisa:
Uhlukaniswe:
- Marshall izilinganiso: kubhekwa abaningi njengommeleli oyinhloko wemvelaphi ye-orthodox yomnotho wanamuhla.
UMarshall ufake emfundisweni ukusetshenziswa okusemthethweni kwamamodeli wezomnotho we-diaphragmatic kanye nomqondo, okusekelwe ezifundweni ezinengqondo, umqondo we-Caeteris paribus ungomunye wazo, ususa izibalo kuphela ukuze uthole imibukiso yamanothi nezithasiselo.
KuMarshall, isisekelo sezomnotho njengesayensi sasiwukuqeda ubumpofu. Kulo mbono uMarshall uliguqule leli gama Inzuzo enkulu, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Goodwill noma i-Marshall Surplus, eyakhiwe ngomkhiqizi kanye nezinsalela zabathengi.
NgokukaMarshall, ubudlelwano bokusebenzisa imali engenayo bomuntu buwumphumela wemisebenzi yensiza ezimele. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ziyanezela futhi amajika okunganaki abe afaneleka kakhulu, alahlekelwe ukuvelela insiza eseceleni ehlongozwe ababandlululi ngokusobala.
Ekugcineni u-Marshall wafaka imiqondo yokuhlinzeka kanye nesidingo kumbono wokulinganisa ingxenye. Le bhalansi igxile emakethe eyodwa, isebenzisa isifundo sokuhlinzeka kanye nesidingo njengomgomo wokuhlaziya ukusebenza, ukusebenza kahle kanye Ingozi yemakethe.
Ukulingana yisimo lapho izinjongo zabakhiqizi nabathengi zilingana noma zilingana ngokwemibandela yemali.
- Izilinganiso ze-Walras: kwabangela umbono ovelele onikezwa ezomnotho namuhla.
U-Walras wazama ukunikeza isiyalo izinga eliphakeme kakhulu lokunemba nokujwayelekile ngangokunokwenzeka, ngenxa yalokhu washiya noma yisiphi isabelomali sezimiso zokuziphatha, esekela konke ukufunda kwakhe kwizibalo.
Kusukela ekugomeni ukuthi inani lezimpahla alisekelwe entandweni yomthengisi noma umthengi, ngokuphambene nalokho, kusekelwe eqinisweni lokuthi izimpahla zezomnotho ziwusizo njengoba zilinganiselwe. Ku-Walras, lokhu okungenhla kubeka ubudlelwano obungahlaziywa njengesayensi yezibalo.
Lokhu kuvumela ukugomela ukuthi bonke abadlali bezomnotho bangabamukeli bamanani, ngakho-ke osungula umcabango wokuthi inani liyanikezwa futhi abalingisi benza ngokunengqondo.
Ukulinganisa okujwayelekile kusekelwe esimisweni sokuthi yonke into ekhiqizwayo iyathengiswa. Ngokucatshangelwa, uphakamise lokho okubizwa ngokuthi yi-Walras Law, esungula ukuthi uma kucatshangelwa imakethe ethile, njengoba zonke izimakethe zisekulinganisweni, leyo makethe kufanele futhi ibe nokulingana.
Okusho ukuthi uma umnotho unokuthile izinhlobo zemakethe futhi okungenani eyodwa yazo isesilinganisweni, kwanele ukuxazulula noma iyiphi i-equation ukuze kunqunywe izimo zemakethe engenalutho yazo zonke ezinye futhi ngenxa yalokho kunqunywe izimo zokulingana okuvamile njengezintengo, izinga lokukhiqiza...
Izinto ezingazodwana yilezo ezivumela ukubalwa kokulingana kwemakethe ngayinye ethile ngenqubo yesilingo ye-Walrasian.
NgokukaWalras, lesi simo singokwezimiso zokuziphatha kuphela, esikufunayo ukuzuza ukwaneliseka okukhulu kwezidingo, ngokuvumelana nezimo zangempela.
2. I-Las Izindlela Zezomnotho Zezenhlalakahle
Uzama ukuhlobanisa ukusebenza kahle komnotho kanye nenhlalakahle yomphakathi, equkethwe ezincwadini zikaPigou, Edgeworth kanye nePareto.
3. I-Las Izilinganiso zobudlelwano phakathi komnotho wangempela nemali
Ifakwe emsebenzini oyinhloko ka-Knut Wicksell no-Irving Fisher, abanikeze indawo yemali kanye nezomnotho wezezimali.
4. Izindlela ezisuselwe ekwandiseni ucwaningo ngale kokuhlaziya okujwayelekile
Kokubili ababandlululi kanye nakwakudala, ukubusa kanye nezimfanelo ezifanele ezicini zesimo esingaphelele. Kulezi zindlela, u-Edward Hastings Chamberlin kanye no-Wicksell bayagqama, bobabili abaphambili embonweni wokuncintisana kobubodwa, kanye no-Piero Sraffa no-Joan Robinson, abasunguli be-oligopoly theory.
Ukugxekwa kwe-Neoclassicism
Kunokugxeka okubili okuyinhloko komhlaba jikelele kwe-neoclassicism, lokhu i-Veblen's Critique (1900) kanye ne-Critique kaPiero Sraffa (1930).
Ukugxeka kukaVeblen
Ku-Veblen, ibhalansi inenzuzo esintwini nakubantu baso ngabanye, kuye kwakuwumqondo ovamile.
I-Veblen i-Teleological kanye ne-Pre-Darwin i-orthodox economics. I-Teleology iyakuvuma lokho inqubo umnotho uyakhula noma uhlala usesimweni esizinzile, lokhu okwaziwa ngokuthi ukulingana kwesikhathi eside, okungabonakali ngempela futhi okungasuki kunoma yikuphi ukuhlaziya, ngokuphambene nalokho kuthathwa njengenani elinikeziwe lanoma yikuphi ukutadisha noma ukubuka.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-Pre-Darwinian, ngokusho kukaVeblen, inqubo yezomnotho iwukuvela kukaDarwin, okwavela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngenxa yezimo ezihlukene nezihlukahlukayo, ezingenakho ukuklama nenjongo.
Isibuyekezo sikaSraffa
Usuqedile ukukhiqizwa kwezimpahla ngempahla.
Ithwebula isethi yezimpikiswano ezathuthukiswa kamuva abanye ababhali. USraffa wayengumcabango ojulile, ehola uLudwig Wittgenstein ukuthi ashintshe izikhundla zakhe zasekuqaleni.
Ukugxeka kuka-Sraffa kugxile embonweni ye-neoclassical yenani, esekelwe kumbono ophikisanayo kanye nengqondo eyiphutha.
Lo mbono wabangela ukuzalwa ekugcineni kwenkulumo-mpikiswano edumile yamaCambridges amabili kanye nesikhundla sikaSraffa esingafingqwa ngale ndlela: inkolelo-mbono yenani esunguliwe kufanele ibuyele emfundisweni yakudala, kucatshangelwa ukuthi kulokhu okubalulekile ekukhiqizeni ekupheleni kwenqubo kukhona insalela noma inani elingaphezulu.
Intuthuko Kamuva
Ngemuva kokugxeka kwe-Sraffa, ukunyakaza kukaMarshallian kwenqaba, inqubo ephinde yakhuthazwa ukugxeka kwe-Keynesian ezingeni lezomnotho omkhulu. Naphezu kwalokhu, indlela ye-Marshallian isaqhubeka ibonakala njengeqinile, ikakhulukazi lapho ibhekisela ekuziphatheni komnotho omkhulu.
Lokhu kudale imizamo yabanye ababhali, okuhlanganisa no-John Hicks, owafuna ukuvumelanisa la maphuzu amabili okubuka, okukhiqize ucwaningo lwakudala lwe-Keynesian.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi izikhundla zezomnotho zezenhlalakahle, ezingagcini nje ngokuphikelela futhi zahlala, kodwa futhi zihambisana nezikhundla zikaWalras, zandisa ukubaluleka kwayo. Kwenzeka okufanayo nangohlelo lwemali.
Konke lokhu okungenhla kwashiya ifa kumathemba ezomnotho kusukela ngeMpi Yezwe II. Lokhu kubonakala ezincwadini ezethulo zezifundo nasezifundweni ezithuthukile, lapho kucaca khona ukuthi izindlela zomnotho zisekelwe kwizibalo.
https://youtu.be/y_q_lac_BTA
E. Roy Weintraub wathi:
"Sonke singama-neoclassical manje, ngisho nama-Keynesians, ngoba lokho okufundiswa abafundi, ukuthi yini umnotho ojwayelekile, i-neoclassical economics"
Kufanele kucace ukuthi leli thonya alisho ukuthi kunesikole noma inhlangano enezisekelo ezisemthethweni ezimisiwe, lapho wonke umuntu anamathela kuzo ngokuqinile.
U-Weintraub ucabanga ukuthi i-neoclassicism kusukela ngo-1959 iyi-metatheory, okusho ukuthi, isethi yezinkambiso ezingacacile noma incwadi enganqumi mayelana nendlela yokudala amathiyori wezomnotho ayamukelekayo.
Lezi yizimiso ezintathu ezisungulwe ngu-Weintraub:
- Izifundo zinokukhethwa okunengqondo.
- Izifundo zandisa inzuzo kanye nezinzuzo zezinkampani.
- Abantu benza umuntu ngamunye, ngokusekelwe olwazini oluphelele nolufanele.
Ukunyakaza noma izikole ezisekela i-metatheory yilezi:
- I-classical Keynesian synthesis, neoclassical synthesis noma neo-Keynesianism.
- I-Monetaryism ne-Chicago School of Economics.
- Okwakudala okusha.
I-Neoclassical Synthesis
Ngisho nokugxeka kwe-Keynesian, okusekelwe ezicini ze-macroeconomic, kwafika ukubusa ukubandlulula.
Kodwa-ke, ukugxeka kwe-Keynesian, mayelana nezikhundla ze-macroeconomic, kwakubhekwa njengokubalulekile, umbono we-marginalist waqhubeka nendlela eqinile, ukuchaza ukuziphatha kwe-macroeconomic ezicini ezithile.
Ababhali abanjengoJohn Hicks bahlele umbono obanzi lapho behlanganisa khona imicabango ebalulekile mayelana nemibono emibili, lokhu kwabizwa ngokuthi i-neoclassical synthesis.
Phakathi nengxenye emaphakathi yekhulu lama-XNUMX kanye nochungechunge lwemibhalo yakudala ka-Allais, u-Hicks no-Samuelon, ngombono we-Pareto, umbono we-neoclassical wawukhona owahlukanisa, wahlanganisa futhi wahlanza ingxenye enkulu yomnikelo wamaphayona.
Chicago School of Economics
Ukufakwa kwezici eziningana ze-Keynesian emfundisweni, kwaholela ohlotsheni lwenqubomgomo yezomnotho yokungenelela eminyakeni ye-1950 ne-1973, eyagxekwa kakhulu izazi zezomnotho eziningana ze-neoclassical, kuhlanganise noGeorge Stifler, uRobert Lucas noMilton Friedman.
Lokhu kwenzeke ngesikhathi sokunwetshwa okuphezulu komnotho okwenzeke esintwini. Ngo-1973, kwavela isimo esisha ngenxa yenkinga kawoyela yango-1973 kanye nokusimama okwalandela e-US, okwazuza ukugxekwa kwezinqubomgomo ze-neo-Keynesian ezazisetshenziswa esikhathini esidlule.
Lokhu kwavuna umsuka wesikole samanje se-neoclassical, esibizwa nge-monetarism, esathonya iminotho eminingi yamazwe ngamazwe, i-macroeconomies ngonyaka we-1980.
Ai-classicism entsha
Ukugxeka okungenhla kusekelwe ekuntulekeni kokuqiniseka kokuhambisana komsebenzi womuntu, okwaphakanyiswa ama-neoclassicists.
Umsunguli we-rational expectations theory, uJohn Muth, ube nalokhu athi:
“Kwesinye isikhathi kuphikiswana ngokuthi ukucatshangelwa kokuhluzeka kwezomnotho kuholela emibonweni engahambelani noma enganele ukuchaza izinto ezibonwayo, ikakhulukazi izinguquko ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. I-hypothesis yethu isekelwe embonweni ophambene ncamashi: ukuthi amamodeli aguquguqukayo awakucabangi ukuhlakanipha okudingekayo”.
Ngokucabangela ukucabanga okuguquguqukayo, u-Muth waphawula lokhu okungenhla. Njengama-neoclassicists, basebenzisa ukuhluzeka kwengqondo ukuze bathole ukulingana okumile, okusho ukugcina izindleko, emgqeni wokugunyazwa wokuvinjelwa kwesabelomali kanye nejika lokunganaki.
I-Muth iphinde isebenzise ukuhluzeka kwengqondo ukuze kuzuzwe ukulingana okuguquguqukayo noma ukuhlela okuguquguqukayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo lapho abadlali ngabanye beshintsha izenzo zabo njengoba bethola ulwazi.
Asikho isizathu esicacile sokukholelwa ukuthi akunjalo. Bazoba semugqeni ophelele okuvumela ukuthi ucabangele futhi uhlele izinguquko kulokho okusebenzisayo nendlela oyisebenzisa ngayo.
Ngokuphambene nokuqagela kwasekuqaleni okugxekiwe, isistimu ayidingi ukuqonda noma ukuqonda okuphelele kwekusasa noma kwesistimu yabalingisi uqobo.
Lolu hlelo aludingi ukubikezela okungapheli noma okungapheli kwesikhathi eside. Lokhu kudinga kuphela ukuzimisela kwamalungu ukuzivumelanisa noshintsho ezimweni ngokubheka ulwazi olutholiwe.
Isiphakamiso sikaMuth saba ne-boom lapho sihlanganiswa nguRobert Lucas, ezifundweni zakhe ngesisekelo se-microeconomics, naphezu kokushicilelwa ngo-1961.
U-Lucas uthi imodeli yomnotho omkhulu kufanele isayinwe kusukela ekuhlanganisweni kwamamodeli wezomnotho omncane.
Lokhu kwakuhlobene nokugxekwa mayelana nohlobo lwenqubomgomo yezomnotho yokungenelela eyenziwa ngo-1950 no-1973, osomnotho be-neoclassical abafana noGeorge Stigler, uMilton Friedman noRobert Lucas.
Ukungenelela kwaphuma esiphakamisweni saseKeynesian esaholela esikhathini sokukhula komnotho okungakaze kubonwe ngaphambili.
Kwenzeke ngokuhambisana nenkinga kawoyela kanye nokwehla kwamandla emali okwalandela e-US, kwazuzisa ukugxekwa kwe-neo-Keynesian.
Lokhu kwavuna ukukhuphuka kwe-monetaryism, eyaqala ukuba nethonya elikhulu kuzinqubomgomo zezomnotho ezinkulu zamazwe ngamazwe.
Lokhu okungenhla kubangele ukudalwa komnotho omusha we-Keynesian, ongafani ne-neo-Keynesianism, odalwe ngabalingiswa abafana:
- Jordi Gali
- UPaul Krugman
- Nouriel Roubini
- UJoseph Stiglitz
- Phakathi kwabanye
Ukugxekwa kwe-Contemporary Neoclassicism
Lokhu ukugxeka okuyinhloko okwenziwe mayelana ne-contemporary neoclassicism:
UDavid Charles Cooler
Ucabanga ukuthi lo mqondo akufanele usetshenziswe, uColander uchaza osomnotho besimanje ngokuthi:
“Ukusetshenziswa kwegama elithi neoclassical ukuchaza ezomnotho okwenziwa kulezi zinsuku akusizi nje kuphela, kodwa empeleni kwenza kube nzima kubafundi kanye nomphakathi jikelele ukuqonda ukuthi iyini i-contemporary economics. Igama lingase libe nomsebenzi othile ekuqhathaniseni kwesikhathi, kodwa, uma lizosetshenziswa ngaleyo ndlela, kubaluleke nakakhulu ukuqeda inkathi ye-neoclassical ngesikhathi esithile. Ezomnotho zishintshe kakhulu kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1870 kuze kube manje, futhi zilokhu zishintsha njalo.»…»Impikiswano yami ngokumelene nokusebenzisa igama elithi neoclassical ukuchaza umnotho wesimanje ukuthi umnotho wesimanje awudingi ukubambelela kulezo zimfanelo eziyisithupha. I-eclectic kakhulu. Ukusuka kude ne-neoclassical economics kungalandelelwa emuva ku-1930s, lapho ingxenye enkulu ye-neoclassical economics yayishiywa osozinkolelo abathuthukile bezama ukwakha umnotho omusha.
Kuningi ukugxekwa komhlaba wonke kwe-contemporary neoclassicism.
Bernard Guerrien
Umsunguli wezomnotho ezibucayi, ukholelwa ukuthi:
“Ithiyori ye-Neoclassical icishe ifane nokuqagela kwe-Scholastics, izibalo zithatha indawo yesiLatini. Endabeni yakhe, ukuqagela kumayelana nokuziphatha kwabantu abacatshangelwayo kuphela (noma “ama-ejenti”), njengoba imingcele ebavezayo ayithathwa ekubonweni noma kudatha etholakalayo, abenza izinqumo “ezimakethe” ezicatshangwayo nakakhulu. . »
Hunt
Ucabanga ukuthi ukugxeka kukaVeblen kuyasebenza ku-neoclassicism yamanje:
"Ukugxeka kukaVeblen nge-neoclassical economics ukuthi yayinombono ophelele nolula wemvelo yomuntu kanye nezikhungo zomphakathi. Ngokuzama ukuchaza yonke into mayelana nokuziphatha okunengqondo, ubugovu, ukukhulisa ukuziphatha, i-neoclassical economics ayichazi lutho. "
UMurray Rothbard
Umbhali wase-Austrian, ucabanga ukuthi isikole se-neoclassical sinyamalele kulokho uSchumpeter akubiza ngokuthi umjikelezo oyindilinga:
“Njengoba umnotho wokulingana ngokwencazelo uwumjikelezo wokuziphatha kwerobhothi ngaphandle koshintsho futhi ongenasiphelo, wonke umuntu emakethe unolwazi oluphelele lwamanje nekusasa, futhi ukungaqiniseki okugcwele komhlaba wangempela kuyanyamalala endaweni yesehlakalo. Njengoba kungasekho ukungaqiniseki, inzuzo nokulahlekelwa kuyashabalala, futhi inkampani ngayinye ithola ukuthi amanani ayo alingana ncamashi nezindleko zayo zokukhiqiza” futhi “Akuyona ingozi ukuthi ukukhuphuka kokuvelela kwezomnotho wase-Walrasi kwaqondana nokubala okubonakalayo kwezibalo. isayensi yezenhlalo. Izibalo zinodumo 'njengesayensi yeqiniso', kodwa kunzima ukubala ukungaqiniseki okuyinkimbinkimbi nokuphithene kanye namaphutha angenakugwenywa esenzo somuntu wangempela. Kodwa-ke, uma izenzo ezinjalo nokungaqiniseki sekususiwe kulula ukusebenzisa i-algebra nama-tangents ejometri ukuze kuhlaziywe lokhu kulinganisa okungenangqondo kodwa okubalwe kalula.
Lee Boldman
Ngokombono wefilosofi yokuziphatha, u-Pineda uthi indlela ye-neoclassical iyinkolelo futhi iyisisekelo, igxile ekululameni okuqinile nokujwayelekile okuzama ukuguqula lokho abakubiza ngokuthi "okungcwele", njengokucabangela kwabadlali:
“Kuleli qophelo lapho kulula ukukhumbula ukuthi ukulawula ukuhaha kwethu okumelela ukunqoba okuyinhloko kwesiko phezu “kwesilwane”. Uma lokhu kunjalo, kuwukuhaha okuphinde kumelele enye yezinsongo eziyinhloko empucukweni yethu, ubufandamentali bezomnotho kuwumbono ozama ukuthethelela ukuhaha. Ikakhulukazi, ikhuthaza ubugovu nokuthanda izinto ezibonakalayo. Nokho, nakubantu abangakholwa, ukuzuza ingcebo namandla akusona isisekelo esanele sokuzichaza. Ngenxa yalokho, ubufandamentali bezomnotho buwusongo olukhulu empucukweni yethu. Ukusebenza kwayo ezinqumweni zomphakathi akunakuvumelana nokubaluleka kokuziphatha kwefa lethu lamasiko, nezisekelo zalo zobuKristu, umyalo walo wokuthanda uNkulunkulu nokuthanda umakhelwane wakho njengoba ezithanda yena. Futhi akunakuhlanganiswa namanye amasiko enkolo, kuhlanganise nobuBuddha, nokubiza kwabo ububele nokuhlukana. Ukuthatha into enhle—njengomcabango ohluzekile, noma ukuhlaziywa kwezomnotho, noma izimakethe, noma amalungelo abantu, noma inkululeko, noma umthetho, noma imali, noma ukusetshenziswa—futhi ukwenze kube ngokuphelele kuwumnyombo wokukhulekela izithombe okusha.” (op. cit. iziphetho).
I-Methodological Individualism
Ivuma isikole se-neoclassical futhi ibeka eceleni ngokuphelele isiko, i-psychology yezenhlalo kanye nokutholwe kwisayensi yokuqonda okwenziwa abacwaningi abaningana abaye bahlaziya ukuziphatha kwezomnotho, phakathi kwabo okukhona: UDaniel Kahnean, uDan Ariely no-Amos Tversky.
Kuhlanganisa nemibono kaHerbert Simon ngezinqumo ezenziwa abantu ngabanye.
Donald Gordon
iphakamisa:
"Ngicabanga ukuthi kuyamangalisa, uma kuqhathaniswa nesayensi yezemvelo, ukuthi umbono wezomnotho emhlabeni awushintshile kusukela ngekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalombili ... kuwukuhlonipha ukuphakama kwamandla obuhlakani be-positivist."
Francis G. Peabody
Uthi:
“Akukona nje kuphela okungavamile, kuyamangalisa. Umbono uGordon abhekisela kuwo umbono ka-Adam Smith wokuthi abantu bakhulisa abantu abahlanganyela emakethe ekhululekile uma kuqhathaniswa. Iqiniso lokuthi izazi zezomnotho zangaleso sikhathi bathola umhlaba namuhla ufana nalowo wangesikhathi sikaSmith, kunokuba uhloniphe umgomo wabo, kuyisibonelo sokuntula kwabo ukuxhumana neqiniso.
Paul Romer
Ngokuvumelana nababhali bangaphambilini, uthuthukisa ukugxeka okujulile kwesimo samanje se-macroeconomics, ababhali be-orthodox economics futhi ikakhulukazi izazi zezomnotho ze-neoclassical zamuva nje, ngaphandle kokuhlanganisa uMilton Friedman, ambheka njengochwepheshe kanye nabasebenzi bemodeli yezibalo, ephendulayo. eqinisweni lomnotho.
Ku-Romer, zikude nezimiso zendlela yesayensi, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi Umnotho wezenhlalakahle kuyisayensi.
Ngiyagxeka nalabo abasebenzisa lezi zinkolelo-mbono ezaziswa ngosomnotho omkhulu, osomabhange, osozimboni, ochwepheshe nosopolitiki.
USteve Ken
Ungomunye wosomnotho abambalwa abebelindele ukuwohloka okukhulu komnotho. U-Keen ugxeka ithiyori ye-neoclassical ye-macroeconomics, ngenxa yokuntuleka kwayo kwesisekelo esinamandla.
Ngokuka-Keen, izazi zezomnotho ze-neoclassical azikwazi ukunquma iziphazamiso ezidalwe yinkinga yezezimali kusukela ngo-2007 futhi okugcine ngokudangala okukhulu okuqinisekisa ukuthi ama-postulants esikole se-neoclassical awawona ngempela.
Cabanga ukuthi izazi zezomnotho ze-neoclassical zishiseka ngokweqile. Ku-Keen, ukweqa izimiso zethiyori yezomnotho yakudala, awukho ulayini wokuhlinzeka nesidingo, owenziwe ngamajika okunikezwayo ngamanye.
Ngokufanayo, umcabango wokwehla komkhiqizo oseceleni uyamangalisa.
Ngakho-ke, itiyori evamile yokusabalalisa ayikwazanga ukusebenza noma, ngokusho komnikelo we-marginal wezinto.
Amathonya kaKeen ngosomnotho:
- UHyman Minsky
- I-Irving Fisher
- John Maynard Keynes
- Piero Sraffa
- UJoseph Alois Schumpeter
- UFrançois Quesnay
Isikole se-neoclassical, naphezu kokugxekwa, yisona esisetshenziswa kakhulu emakilasini, ngoba sithathwa abaningi njengesisekelo esingavamile sokuhlaziya nokuxazulula izinkinga eziyisisekelo zomnotho.
Okuthunyelwe okuyinhloko kwe-neoclassical economics
Ama-neoclassical asekelwe ezifundweni zawo ekukhethweni kwezinhlobonhlobo eziningi nasekuguquleni okuseceleni njengomgomo wokubala nokulingana okuvamile.
Mayelana nokuziphatha kwabantu nezinkampani, isikole se-neoclassical sisekelwe emibonweni emithathu eyisisekelo:
- Kokubili umkhiqizi kanye nomthengi banengqondo.
- Abantu bafuna ukukhulisa ukusetshenziswa kanye nokwaneliseka lapho bethenga izimpahla namasevisi. Izinkampani.
- Abantu nezinkampani benza ngabodwana, begxile olwazini oluphelele nolufanele.
Ngokufanayo, kukhona ukungezwani ezifundweni zakhe mayelana nezakudala maqondana nethiyori yenani, ukudalwa kwamanani kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwemali engenayo.
ukubaluleka ithiyori
Kosomnotho bakudala inani lezimpahla namasevisi linqunywa izindleko zezinto.
Ngokuphambene nalokho, ama-neoclassicists anquma inani ngokusiza okuthengiswayo okulethwa kumakhasimende kanye nokushoda kwakho okungenzeka kube nakho.
Lapho amakhasimende ezinsiza eziphakeme ezimisele ukusebenzisa imali ethe xaxa, ngakolunye uhlangothi lapho insizakalo noma umkhiqizo indlala, inani lawo liphezulu.
Ukwakhiwa kwamanani kanye nokusabalalisa imali engenayo
Ngaphambi kokuba khona kosomnotho be-neoclassical, imali engenayo yezinto zokukhiqiza yayibhekwa njengenqunywa inqubo yomlando.
Isikole se-neoclassical sivuselele lolu cwaningo futhi sabheka ukuthi ukuhlinzekwa nokufunwa kwemidiya kusungula inani lazo. Ngakho, ukulingana emakethe yezindaba kuqinisekisa imali engenayo kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwayo phakathi kwama-ejenti wezomnotho abanikazi bezindlela zokukhiqiza.
Eminye imibono
Ngaphakathi kwesikole se-neoclassical, kukhona futhi le mibono:
ithiyori yabathengi
Abathengi be-Neoclassical batshala imali yabo ngendlela efinyelela kubo ukuze banelise izidingo eziningi ngangokunokwenzeka. Ukuze enze isinqumo sokuthi uzochitha ini, umthengi usebenzisa ukucabanga kwakhe.
ithiyori yomkhiqizi
Ngendlela efanayo naleyo umthengi, umkhiqizi afuna ngayo ukwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwakhe, umehluko wokuthi akanandaba nokuhlanganiswa kwemikhiqizo, izithakazelo zakhe zokuthola inzuzo enkulu yomkhiqizo ngendlela yokukhiqiza, abasebenzi kanye nezimali ngaphakathi. finyelela.
Ijika lokunganaki limelela umthengi ngokufana nejika le-isoproduct.
ithiyori yemakethe
Njengoba inani lomkhiqizo likhula, inani elifunekayo kulowo mkhiqizo nalo liyakhuphuka futhi liyakhuphuka uma inani lehla.
Ngakho-ke ijika lokufuna liyehla. Ijika lokunikezela liphezulu, ngoba uma inani liphezulu, inani elikhulu elinikezwayo, iphuzu lapho womabili amajika ahlangana khona yilokho okwaziwa ngokuthi ukulingana.
Ngaleso sikhathi umkhiqizi ukhiqiza inani lempahla elenyusa inzuzo futhi umthengi acele imikhiqizo ekhulisa ukusetshenziswa kwakhe.
Marshall General Reflection
Wayeyindoda enengqondo evulekile, enemfundo eqinile yezibalo, umlando, nefilosofi.
UMarshall wagcizelela ezifundweni zakhe ukuthi isayensi yezibalo yayingeyona into eyisisekelo ekuqondeni ezomnotho. Kuye izisekelo zezomnotho bekungadingeka ukuthi ziqondwe yinoma ngubani.
Yingakho abe manqikanqika ngokweqisa kokuthatha isayensi yezomnotho ephokophele kukho.
Ngenxa yalokhu unciphise ukuhumusha kwezibalo ngemibhalo yaphansi elula, ukuze angaphazamisi okuqukethwe kwesakhiwo.
Okuqukethwe yi-athikili kuhambisana nemigomo yethu yezimiso zokuziphatha zokuhlela. Okwamanje sisebenzela ukulungisa nokuthuthukisa okuqukethwe kwethu ngezinye izilimi.
Uma ungumhumushi ogunyaziwe ungasibhalela nokusebenza nathi. (isiJalimane, iSpanishi, isiFulentshi)
Ukuze ubike iphutha lokuhumusha noma ukuthuthukiswa, chofoza lapha.


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Bheka i- izimvume zokutshala i-hemp yezimboni eSpain ziyizinyathelo zokuqala zokuthobela umthetho waseSpain. Kunabantu abaningi abanentshisekelo kulezi zinqubo zokutshala isitshalo ngendlela esemthethweni nephephile.
Su industrialización se debe a la gran cantidad de usos y beneficios que puede aportar para un buen negocio. No obstante, su similitud a la planta de la marihuana es lo que puede contraer diversas dificultades.
Kulabo bantu abanentshisekelo yokungena emakethe enkulu ye-Hemp, kuyanconywa ukuthi ufunde imininingwane elandelayo.
Okuqukethwe
- 1 Kuyini futhi yiziphi izimvume zokutshala i-hemp yezimboni eSpain?
- 2 Kungani ukhulisa i-hemp eSpain?
- 3 Izimvume zokukhulisa i-hemp yezimboni eSpain
- 4 Ungakhulisa kuphi i-hemp yezimboni eSpain?
Kuyini futhi yiziphi izimvume zokutshala i-hemp yezimboni eSpain?
Kungokuka- iqembu lezitshalo Cannabaceae futhi ibhekwa njengenye yezitshalo zokuqala ezitshalwe emlandweni. Isici sawo esiyinhloko amahlamvu aso aminyene okuthi uma uwabuka nje uwahlobanise nensangu.
ubudlelwano nensangu
Ubudlelwano babo kuphela yilokho ziyingxenye yezitshalo ezifanayo, ziyahlukahluka ngezakhiwo nokubukeka kwazo ngokujwayelekile. Nakuba bobabili babelana ngokufana ngokomzimba, kwanele ukubahlola ukuze ubone umehluko phakathi kwesitshalo esisodwa nesinye.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ezingxenyeni zayo zamakhemikhali, i-hemp igcina ukugxila okuphansi kakhulu kwe-THC. I-Cannabis isitshalo esicebile ngama-cannabinoids futhi okuvela kuyo yonke imiphumela yaso ye-psychotropic.
Zombili izitshalo ziyaphathwa izinjongo ezahlukene kakhulu, ngaphezu kokudinga izimo zokukhula ezihluke ngokuphelele. I-cannabis isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza isitshalo sensangu, ngakho-ke ukutshala kwayo kuyakhetha izitshalo zabesifazane.
I-Hemp yenziwe ngezimboni ngokusebenzisa i- ukukhula izitshalo zesilisa, ngakho ngeke kudingeke ukuba zikhiqize izimbali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zitshalwa ezimweni ezithuthukisa ukuphakama kwazo ukuze kwakhiwe iziqu eziqinile nezinde.
izinhlobo ze-hemp
Emakethe izinhlobo ezintathu ezinkulu zesitshalo ziyaphathwa, ezaziwa ngokuthi:
- I-Industrial Hemp: lokhu kunesibalo esingu-0,3% ku-THC, ngakho-ke akubhekwa njengokusebenza kwengqondo.
- ICannabis L: Inokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-THC futhi kungabangela imiphumela yokusebenza kwengqondo.
- I-Cannabis sativa var indica.
Kungani ukhulisa i-hemp eSpain?
Ukutshalwa kwezitshalo ze-hemp eSpain kwaqala emakhulwini eminyaka amaningi, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yesimo sezulu sayo. Kodwa okugqugquzela ukusetshenziswa kwayo kuze kube namuhla inani elimangalisayo lokusetshenziswa elikunikezayo kanye nezinsiza zalo.
Njengamanje ithola imakethe engaba khona futhi ngenxa ye izingxenye zokwelapha lokho kuyisici. Nakuba ukutshalwa kwayo imicu kungaselona ibhizinisi elihle kakhulu, maningi imikhiqizo ukuthi aqukethe CBD.
Kukhona umkhakha emphakathini ongumthengi wemikhiqizo eyenziwe nge-CBD, inhlanganisela ebizwa ngokuthi i-cannabidiol. I-Hemp inothile kule ngxenye ye-CBD futhi ingacutshungulwa ukuze yakhe ibhotela, uwoyela, nokunye.
Okubalulekile wukuphenya imvelo yalesi sitshalo uma ufuna ukuqala izitshalo zakho esifundeni saseSpain. Kepha okubaluleke kakhulu, wukuba nolwazi futhi uqale izinqubo zokuthola izimvume zokutshala i-hemp yezimboni eSpain.
Izimvume zokukhulisa i-hemp yezimboni eSpain
ISpain isebenza njengelungu le-European Union, eyanikeza izimvume zokukhulisa i-hemp yezimboni kusukela ngo-1999. Yilokhu lapho izinkampani ezifisa ukunikezela imisebenzi yazo emasimini alesi sitshalo kumele zicubungule izimvume ezithile zokutshala i-hemp yezimboni eSpain.
Cela ukugunyazwa
Isinyathelo sokuqala siwukuthobelana nokucela ukugunyazwa kwabakwa ukwelulekwa kwe ezolimo ikhishwe ngokomasipala ngamunye. Ukuqala lokhu, kungcono ukubonisana nesikhungo esiseduze esinekhono endaweni.
Thola imbewu eqinisekisiwe
I-European Union inikeza izibonelelo ezingafakwa ukuze uthenge kuze kufike Izinhlobo ezingama-25 zembewu ye-hemp ezahlukene. Lezi ziyahlukahluka ngentengo kodwa ziyafinyeleleka uma uthintana nemidiya eqinisekisiwe.
Thumela isitifiketi
Kubalulekile ukugcina wonke ama-invoyisi amanje nokunye ukuhlaziya okubonisa ukuthi yi- inzalo esemthethweni. Kufanele ihanjiswe ehhovisi lesifunda lendawo lezolimo, ngaphezu kwenkumbulo yokusetshenziswa kanye nesicelo sayo sokugcina.
Ukuhambisana nenkumbulo yokusetshenziswa kanye nokusetshenziswa kokugcina kwe-hemp kuphathelene ne indawo yokukhiqiza izitshalo. Ingabhaliselwa umsebenzi wendwangu noma njengesitshalo sikawoyela.
Ukuphakama kwezitshalo
Inqubo ebaluleke kakhulu ukubhalisa ipulazi ngokuya e- irejista jikelele yokukhiqiza ezolimo. Kuleli phuzu, inkumbulo yokusetshenziswa nendawo yayo noma uhlelo lokusebenza lokugcina kufanele kwethulwe futhi.
Ukulethwa kwememori yokusetshenziswa kungena futhi kusukela ngalokhu ungakwazi yenza ukuhlaziya ngezikhathi ezithile. Kufanele kuqinisekiswe ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi ukugcwala kwe-THC akudluli u-0,3% ovunyelwe ukugwema ukuphazamiseka.
Bika
Ukuya ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zamabharaki unogada womphakathi kanye ne-seprona yendawo, kubalulekile ukugcina lezi zinhlangano zinolwazi. Ukusetshenziswa kwalo mkhuba kungase kugweme ukuphazamiseka esikhathini esizayo ngeziphathimandla ezishiwo ngenhla.
Ungakhulisa kuphi i-hemp yezimboni eSpain?
La ukukhetha umhlaba yisici sokuqala esizonquma ukuqala kwesitshalo se-hemp. Nakuba ivumelana nezinhlobo eziningi zomhlaba, kunezinhlobonhlobo zalo mthombo futhi kunezindawo ezihlukene zokuphakama.
Uhlobo olungcono kakhulu lomhlaba ongakhetha kulo umhlabathi ovundile we-alluvial, okuhlobene kakhulu ne-hemp. Lesi sitshalo siyakwazi ukugcina ukuthuthuka okuhle kakhulu endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-1500 ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle, ukumelana nesithwathwa.
Kufanele vikela izitshalo emanzini amile, inhlabathi emile ifana ne-hemp ephenduka ibe phuzi. Esimeni esibi kakhulu bazomisa ukukhula kwabo futhi bangase bangaqinisekisi ikhwalithi engcono kakhulu emikhiqizweni.
Ngakho-ke, kuphakanyiswa inhlabathi evunde ngokuphelele ukuze kugwenywe ukubola futhi engazange iphathwe nge-herbicide. Esinye isincomo okufanele sicatshangelwe ukugwema inhlabathi emanzi, egcina i-a izinga lomswakama elihle.
Iphrothokholi ekahle iphakamisa inani lembewu elilingana nesibalo esisodwa sika 50kg ehektheleni Zomhlaba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingathathwa njengesithenjwa eSpain sokutshalwa kwe-hemp emhlabeni owawusetshenziselwa ibhali ngaphambili.
Okuqukethwe yi-athikili kuhambisana nemigomo yethu yezimiso zokuziphatha zokuhlela. Okwamanje sisebenzela ukulungisa nokuthuthukisa okuqukethwe kwethu ngezinye izilimi.
Uma ungumhumushi ogunyaziwe ungasibhalela nokusebenza nathi. (isiJalimane, iSpanishi, isiFulentshi)
Ukuze ubike iphutha lokuhumusha noma ukuthuthukiswa, chofoza lapha.

robotstxt: allowed

filter: keep


text:
I-ZX TPED Alloy Steel High Pressure Cylinders
Imininingwane Yomkhiqizo
Omaka bomkhiqizo
Okujwayelekile: ISO 9809-1
Izinto: 34CrMo4
Uchungechunge: 17E/25E/M25X2
Ubuso: Ukupenda kombala nokunameka kuyatholakala
Imifanekiso: Imifanekiso namalogo atholakala kumalebula.
Ukuhlanza: Ukuhlanza kwangaphakathi nangaphandle kwebanga lokudla
Izesekeli: Amavalvu, izibambo namakepisi, njll.
Noma kunini kuphephile ukuthutha nokugcina amagesi acindezelwe ngamasilinda ensimbi e-ZX.Izinhlobonhlobo zomumo, osayizi nezisindo zibenza bakwazi ukubhekana nezimo eziningi.Izinto zethu ezisetshenziswayo zivivinywa ngokuqinile ngemishini ethuthukisiwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo.
Umshini wethu wokubumba othomathikhi uqinisekisa ukushelela kwesixhumi esibonakalayo sesilinda, ngaleyo ndlela andise izinga lokuphepha.Ukucubungula okuzenzakalelayo okusezingeni eliphezulu kanye nohlelo lokuhlanganisa kusenza sibe nakho kokubili amandla okukhiqiza nokusebenza kahle.


text:
Uma ucabanga ezokugcebeleka eThekwini, ulwandle ngenye yezindawo ezihamba phambili. I-Indian Ocean yaziwa ngokuba nesifudumezi ngonyaka okwenza kubhukudeke kamnandi. Kepha lonyaka ubenezinkinga eziningi eziphazamise ezokuncebeleka (tourism) ngezindlela ezahlukene. Ukubheka nje ezinye zezinto eziphazamise ukusebenza kwamabhishi eThekwini (Durban beaches).
- Imigomo yeCovid 19 iholele ekuthi kuvalwe amabhishi ngenxa yokuzama ukuvikela ukuthelelana ngobhubhane. Kuke kwaba isikhathi izwe liku level 4 lapho ukubhukuda nokunye okuningi bekungavumelekile.
- Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu okungavamile KwaZulu Natali ngenyanga edlule (Agasti). Ukubanda okuyisimanga nokukhithika okubekhona kuyinto engavamile kakhulukazi ngenyanga ka- Agasti kulesi sifundazwe. Yize lokhu kukhithiza kungabanga isikhathi eside kodwa eThekwini indawo ejwayeleke ngokufudumala kuzwelile kakhulu.
- Ukuvalwa kwamabhishi agudla iNorth Coast yeTheku ngenxa yokudungeka noma ukungcola kolwandle ngemuva kokusha kwendawo yenkampani i- United Phosphorus Limited (UPL) eCornubia. Lendawo ebingcina amakhemikhali engadadulwanga, ukusha kwayo kwangcolisa nolwandle kwabulala ofishi kwavimba nokungcebeleka ebhishi.
Ezokungcebeleka (tourism) ziphazamisekile ngokungasebenzi kahle kwamabhishi ngenxa yezinqinamba ababhe ezingenhla. Amabhishi athathwa njengendawo yokungcebeleka ehamba phambili. Njengoba sekusondele ihlobo okuyisikhathini sezivakashi kungakuhle futhi kungasiza ukungabi nezinqinamba ezizophazamisa ukugcebeleka emabhishi.
Article Overview
Durban beaches are arguably the City’s top tourist attraction. But this year certain incidents have affected the beaches’ opening and the tourism industry. The lockdown regulations are one of factors that affected the operation of these site. The contamination from UPL has also affected the tourism as Umhlanga is one of the most popular tourism locations.
Zama Khoza is a Zulu content generator and media and communications researcher. She holds an Honours degree in Cultural and Media Studies from the University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN).


text:
OKADONGA GUMBI
Ukuvimba kahle kukaWashington Arubi weTshakhuma Tsha Madzivhandila ngesikhathi benza obekungacatshangwa muntu bewashisa iMamelodi Sundowns ijezi kwiNedbank Cup sekumphendule isilomo kuleli.
Lo nozinti oneminyaka engu-35 odabuka eZimbabwe ubenza izinangaliso evimba inqwaba yamabhola eBrazilians, washaya esokugcina isipikili ngokuvimba nephenathi kaHlompho Kekana.
Nokho uyakugcizelela ukuthi ukufika kowamanqamu kwiNedbank Cup akuzuba yinto abazoyikhumbula ngenjabulo uma bengakwazanga ukuvika izembe okuyikho okubaluleke kakhulu njengamanje.
“Asifuni ukudidiseka, sikhohlwe yiligi ngoba kumele sisinde, kodwa ke sonke sesiwujahile owamanqamu,” usho kanje ekhuluma nabePhakaaathi.
“Manje sekumele sigxile kule midlalo eyisishiyagalombili esele. Yonke le midlalo isizofana neyamanqamu kithi ukuze kufike usuku lowamanqamu kwiNedbank Cup sibe singakhathazeke ngalutho.
“Ukuwina indebe kuzoba yibhonasi kuwo wonke umuntu oseqenjini, kodwa akumele silibale ukuthi sisahlalelwe womkhulu umsebenzi,” kuchaza u-Arubi.
Useke wadlala emaqenjini ambalwa kusukela afika kuleli okubalwa kuwo AmaZulu neSuperSport United abekuyo ngesizini edlule. Uthi bekungamkhathazi ukubukela esebhentshini njalo kwazise uRonwen Williams ubegila izimanga emapalini ngesizini edlule.
“Wonke umuntu unezifiso empilweni… mina njengonozinti esami wukudlala njalo futhi uma iqembu lifika kowamanqamu kuvimba wena, kuyajabulisa ngoba kuyinkomba yokuthi kukhona okubonakalayo okwenzayo eqenjini.
“Uma uqhubeka nokuzikhandla, ungazenyezi bese ukuziba okubi… ekugcineni kumele umeseke osuke edlala ngoba sibeka impumelelo yeqembu phambili hhayi eyomuntu ngayedwana,” kusho yena.
ITshakhuma izomdinga ukuthi aphinde anqande ngisho impukane ezama ukudlula phambi kwakhe uma seyibhekene neCape Town City emdlalweni weDStv Premiership ngoMgqibelo ntambama.
Email: Editor@impempe.com
Twitter: @impempe_com
Facebook: Impempe SA


text:
Silapha Ukuzosiza.
I-COVID Support VT isiza abantu ukuthi babhekane nalolu bhubhane ngemfundo nokuxhumana nezinsiza zomphakathi ezikhuthaza ukukhuthazela, ukunika amandla kanye nokululama.
Izinsiza Zezindlu zaseVermont
Izinsiza zosizo lwezindlu kulo lonke elase-Vermont.
Izinsiza Zokudla zamaVermonters
Izinsiza zosizo lokudla kulo lonke elase-Vermont.
Ukuba Umzali Nge-COVID
Uhlu lwakho lwabazali lokunakekela izingane, imisebenzi, ukubuyela esikoleni, amathiphu awusizo nezinye izinsiza zomndeni.
Vermont Employment Resources
Izinsiza zokufaka isicelo sokungasebenzi, ulwazi olumayelana nezingxabano zasemsebenzini noma ukwephulwa komthetho, ukusesha umsebenzi, imfundo eqhubekayo, nokuthuthukiswa kwemisebenzi.
Amashabhu wokuthuthukisa impilo nokuphila kahle.
Funda amasu okuzinakekela ngezindlela zokuzijabulisa nezisebenzisanayo.
Ukuvuselelwa kweVermont neNational COVID
Umugqa Wombhalo Wenkinga
Ukwelulekwa ngokukhululeka okuyimfihlo, okuyimfihlo, 24/7
Ngaphakathi kombhalo wase-US "VT" oya ku-741741.
Vakashela le Umugqa Wombhalo Wenkinga ngezinketho ezingaphandle kwe-US
Uma lokhu kuyisimo esiphuthumayo kwezokwelapha, shayela u-9-1-1.
Sonke sikulokhu sindawonye.
Hlola isayithi lethu ukuze ufunde mayelana nezinto ezikubangela ukucindezeleka, indlela yokulawula ingcindezi, nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze uma wena noma othile omnakekelayo edinga ukusekelwa.
Ngabe udinga ukwesekwa noma imibono yokuthi ungakulawula kanjani ukucindezeleka kwakho?
Thatha isikhashana ucabange ngakho ngokuqala ukuqonda izingcindezi zakho.
Bheka izinsiza zethu:
Izinsiza ezisheshayo
I-SAMHSA: Ukuphathwa Kwezidakamizwa Nokuphathwa Kwezinsizakalo Zempilo Yengqondo
Ukubhekana Nokucindezeleka Ngesikhathi Sokuqhamuka Kwezifo Ezithathelwanayo | PDF
Misa, Phefumula futhi Ucabange Uhlelo Lokusebenza
Funda ukuzindla futhi ucabange ngokwengeziwe | Uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Apple | Uhlelo lokusebenza olusuka ku-Google Play


text:
Ama-Earbud Angenantambo Wesikhumba Ezemidlalo
Imininingwane Yomkhiqizo
Omaka bomkhiqizo
Indawo yokuthengisa:
Ihedisethi yezemidlalo ye-TWS ukuze inikeze ulwazi oluzinzile futhi olunethezekile, ubuchwepheshe be-tws bukhulula ngokuphelele izindlebe ezingakwesokunxele nesokudla enkingeni yezintambo, ama-headphone ngeke awe ngisho nalapho wenza ezemidlalo ngamandla, okukuvumela ukuba ujabulele isipiliyoni semidlalo engenantambo.
Idizayini yehuku elikhulu nelithambile
Isembozo sensimbi se-headset singamelana kahle nokungcola nemihuzuko, ama-sillcone amakhulu anobungani besikhumba athambile futhi anwebeka.
Izinhlobo ezimbili zama-Ear Capes okunikezwayo, amakepisi aphakathi nendawo endlebeni akunikeza ukuzizwisa okunethezekile ngisho noma uwagqoka isikhathi eside, amakepisi angaphakathi endlebeni anganqanda ukuvuza komsindo futhi alethe ama-bass aqinile kanye nomthelela ongcono wokuvala umsindo.
Isilinganiso esingangeni manzi se-IPX5 ukuze ujabulele ngokugcwele.
Impahla yesikhumba engenisiwe ukuze ilethe isipiliyoni esikhululekile nesiphathekayo, isikhwama sokushaja esingangeni manzi esenziwe ngesikhumba se-PU esingenisiwe sekhwalithi ephezulu sisebenzisa ukwakheka kwe-lychee texture futhi sifakwe intambo elengayo ephathekayo, ukunethezeka, ukuqina, ukuphatheka, kanye nobuntu kuvumelana nawe. .
Isiyalezo esilula
Ihedisethi ixhumeka ngokuzenzakalelayo ocingweni lwakho ngemizuzwana, lapho uvula ikhava, ihedisethi iyazikhanyisa ngokuzenzakalelayo, ixhuma i-earpieces yesokunxele nesokudla, bese ixhuma ocingweni lwakho ngobuhlakani, lapho uvala ikhava, i-headphone iyacisha. okushajwe kabusha,ungakwazi ukuthepha kabili ihedisethi ukuze ujabulele umculo futhi uphendule izingcingo kahle.
Uma kukhona ucingo olungenayo, ungathepha i-earpiece yesokunxele noma yesokudla ukuze uphendule ucingo noma uvale ucingo.Ungathepha i-earpiece engakwesokunxele ukuze uvuse isilekeleli sezwi, noma uthephe indlebe engakwesokudla ukuze udlale/umise umculo kancane.
Ukupakishwa komkhiqizo
Izinsiza: Ikhebula lokushaja+Amathiphu endlebe
Umbala ozikhethela: akunalutho, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, oluhlaza okotshani, opinki


text:
Alfred Ngubane
Izintatheli ziphathiswe okwezifika namthwalo kwiPrince Mangosuthu Legacy Cup Olundi ngempelasonto edlule nokwenze kwaba nzima kuzo ukwenza umsebenzi wazo ngendlela eyiyo.
Izinkinga ziqale ngokuthi enye yezintatheli icele ukuthathwa endaweni lapho ihlala khona kodwa abahleli bavele bayishaya indiva.
Kuphethe ngokuthi ihoxe kulo mqhudelwano. Izintatheli zihambe ekuseni zashiya imindeni yazo ziphuma zingadlile.
Zifike Olundi zahlala kungekho muntu ozemukelayo, zaphinda zadibana nengwadla yokunganakwa nangokuya ethunjini.
Kwenzeka konke lokhu nje bezimenyiwe, kwathiwa zizolungiselwa nemoto ezizohamba ngayo ukuya kulo mqhudelwano.
Kuthe sekumele ziye laph bezizolaliswa khona, zaphonswa endaweni ekude nalapho zifike zagqinqa emnyango isikhathi eside emakhazeni kwavela ukuthi bezingabhukhelwanga.
FUNDA NALA: Uzizwe ebalulekile uMotaung ehlonishwa yinyuvesi
Abahleli bathe izintatheli azivele zibuyele endaweni la bekunomcimbi wokubungaza le midlalo ngesidlo sakushihlwa kodwa zenqaba.
Ziphinde zabhekana nenye inkinga enkundleni zixoshwa ngesikhathi zibizelwa ukuthi ziyomaya, zagcina ngokuthi zingadli.
Lolu hambo lufana nohambo olumnyama ezintathelini ezinye zazo ebezisuswe eGoli, kodwa zahamba sezibabaza ubuhlathi nempakamo yabahleli.


text:
Imikhiqizo Okufakiwe
Mayelana NATHI
INingbo Ubetter Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd.yinkampani yezobuchwepheshe yezokwelapha neye-elekthronikhi, kufaka phakathi i-R & D, ukukhiqiza, ukumaketha nokuthengisa kabusha. Inkampani eyayiyinkampani yaseGerman Albert Group Sole-investment. I-Ningbo Ubetter inabasebenzi abangama-450, kufaka phakathi izikhungo ezimbili ze-R & D eziseNingbo naseShenzhen ezinonjiniyela abangama-30. Sinamalungelo obunikazi angaphezu kuka-100 nemikhiqizo ebhalisiwe engaphezu kuka-50 ye-FDA. UNingbo Ubetter ungumholi wemakethe ezimakethe eziningana ze-niche ..


text:
Kutholakale ughebhezi oluneminyaka eyizigidi ezimbili lomzala womuntu emgedeni ngaseGoli.
Lolu ghebhezi olunamazinyo amakhulu kakhulu nobuchopho obuncane, lutholwe ohlelweni lomgede i-Drimolen eduze nendawo yamagugu omhlaba e-Sterkfontein.
Lolu ghebhezi lendoda elicishe liphelele, luzosiza ososayensi baqonde ukuthi abantu bavela kanjani.
Luwuhlobo olwaziwa nge-hominin. Lakhiwe kabusha ngamathamba ayikhulu.
Okuthakazelisa kakhulu abacwaningi ukuthi, ama-hominin ayehamba ezungeza iNingizimu Afrika ngesikhathi esisodwa sama-Homo erectus, ukhokho wabo bonke abantu.
Izigidi zeminyaka eyedlule kwakukholakala ukuthi baningi kakhulu kunokhokho bethu.
Ukhokho womuntu wayenobuchopho obukhulu namazinyo amancane futhi wayemele ukuhlolwa kokuziphendukela kwemvelo.
Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi, ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kwaqeda izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane ezincelisayo, okubandakanya nezihlobo ezikude zabantu bakudala eNingizimu Afrika.
Indawo ezungeze i-Sterkfontein ingenye yezindawo ezibaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni yamathambo omuntu wokuqala emhlabeni kanye nezihlobo zakhe.


text:
Ngabe Umsebenzi KaNkulunkulu Ulula Njengoba Umuntu Ecabanga?
Njengomuntu okholwa kuNkulunkulu, kufanele uqonde ukuthi, namhlanje, ekutholeni umsebenzi kaNkulunkulu ezinsukwini zokugcina nawo wonke umsebenzi wohlelo lukaNkulunkulu kuwe, uthole ngempela ukuphakanyiswa nensindiso enkulu okuvela kuNkulunkulu. Yonke imisebenzi kaNkulunkulu emhlabeni wonke jikelele igxile kuleli qembu labantu. Unikele wonke amandla Akhe kini wakudela konke ngenxa yenu; uphinde wabuyisa yonke imisebenzi kaMoya emhlabeni wonke wayinikeza nina. Kungakho ngithi, ninenhlanhla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ususe inkazimulo Yakhe ku-Israyeli, abantu Bakhe abakhethile, wayiletha kini, ukuze afeze inhloso yohlelo Lwakhe ngokugcwele ngani qembu labantu. Ngakho-ke, niyilabo abazothola ifa likaNkulunkulu, futhi ngaphezulu niyizindlalifa zenkazimulo kaNkulunkulu. Mhlawumbe niyawakhumbula nonke la mazwi: “Ngokuba usizi lwethu olulula, olungolwesikhashana, lusisebenzela isilinganiso esiphezulu kakhulu senkazimulo yaphakade.” Esikhathini esedlule, nisizwile nonke lesi sisho, kodwa akekho owayiqonda incazelo eyiqiniso yala mazwi. Namhlanje, nazi kahle ukubaluleka kwalokhu akushoyo. Lawa mazwi ayilokhu uNkulunkulu azokufeza ngezinsuku zokugcina. Futhi azogcwaliseka kulabo abahlushwe ngonya ngukadrako omkhulu obomvu kulelo zwe lapho ekhona. Udrako omkhulu obomvu uhlupha uNkulunkulu futhi uyisitha sikaNkulunkulu, ngakho kuleli zwe, labo abakholwa kuNkulunkulu bazithola behlazeka futhi behlushwa. Kungakho la mazwi ezoba yiqiniso kini qembu labantu. Njengoba umsebenzi wenziwa ezweni eliphikisa uNkulunkulu, wonke umsebenzi Wakhe uhlangabezane nokuvinjelwa okukhulu futhi amazwi Akhe amaningi awakwazi ukugcwaliseka ngesikhathi esifanele; ngakho abantu balungisiwe ngenxa yamazwi kaNkulunkulu. Lokhu futhi kuyingxenye yokuhlupheka. Kunzima kakhulu kuNkulunkulu ukwenza umsebenzi Wakhe ezweni likadrako omkhulu obomvu, kodwa kungenxa yobunzima obunjalo lapho uNkulunkulu enza izigaba zomsebenzi Wakhe ziveze ubuhlakani Bakhe nemisebenzi emangalisayo. UNkulunkulu uthatha leli thuba ukuphelelisa leli qembu labantu. Ngenxa yokuhlupheka kwabantu, izinga labo, nesimo sabantu esinobusathane kulo mhlaba ongahlanzekile, uNkulunkulu wenza umsebenzi Wakhe wokuhlanza nokunqoba ukuze kulokhu azuze inkazimulo azuze nalabo abafakaza ngezenzo Zakhe. Lokhu kungukubaluleka kwakho konke ukuzidela kukaNkulunkulu ngenxa yaleli qembu labantu. Okusho ukuthi, uNkulunkulu wenza umsebenzi wokunqoba ngalabo abamphikisayo. Ukwenza kanjena kuphela okugqamisa amandla amakhulu kaNkulunkulu. Ngamanye amazwi, yilabo abasezweni elingcolile kuphela abafanele ukuthola ifa lenkazimulo kaNkulunkulu, yilokhu kuphela okunganikeza ukugqama kwamandla amakhulu kaNkulunkulu. Yingakho ngithi inkazimulo kaNkulunkulu itholwa ezweni elingcolile nakulabo abahlala kulona. Le yintando kaNkulunkulu. Lokhu kufana nje nasesigabeni somsebenzi kaJesu; wayengakhazimuliswa kuphela phakathi kwalabo baFarisi ababemhlupha. Uma kwakungekhona ukuhlushwa nokukhashelwa nguJudasi, uJesu wayengasoze abe yinhlekisa noma athukwe, ngisho nokubethelwa imbala, futhi ngabe akazange athole inkazimulo. Lapho uNkulunkulu asebenza khona esikhathini ngasinye nalapho enza khona umsebenzi Wakhe wenyama, uthola udumo khona lapho azuze labo ahlose ukubazuza. Lolu uhlelo lomsebenzi kaNkulunkulu, futhi lokhu ukuphatha Kwakhe.
Ohlelweni lukaNkulunkulu lweminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezimbalwa, umsebenzi owenziwe enyameni unezingxenye ezimbili: Ingxenye yokuqala ngumsebenzi wokubethelwa, lapho ayidunyiselwayo; enye ngumsebenzi wokunqoba nowokupheleliswa ezinsukwini zokugcina, azothola ngawo inkazimulo. Lokhu ukuphatha kukaNkulunkulu. Ngakho, ungawuthathi ngokuthi ulula kakhulu umsebenzi kaNkulunkulu noma ukuthunywa kwakho nguNkulunkulu. Nonke niyizindlalifa zenkazimulo yaphakade kaNkulunkulu enesisindo esikhulu kakhulu, lokhu kwagcotshwa nguNkulunkulu ngokukhethekile. Kulezi zingxenye ezimbili zenkazimulo Yakhe, enye yambuliwe kini, ukuphelela kwenye ingxenye yenkazimulo kaNkulunkulu kunikezwe nina ukuze kube yifa lenu. Lokhu ukuphakanyiswa okuvela kuNkulunkulu nohlelo Lwakhe olwahlelwa kudala. Ukubona ubukhulu bomsebenzi owenziwe nguNkulunkulu ezweni lapho udrako omkhulu obomvu ahlala khona, lowo msebenzi uma uyiswa kwenye indawo, ngabe kade wathela izithelo ezinkulu futhi ngabe wamukelwe kalula ngabantu. Umsebenzi onjalo ubungaba lula kakhulu kulabo befundisi baseNtshonalanga abakholwa kuNkulunkulu, ngoba isigaba somsebenzi kaJesu sisebenza njengesandulelo. Yingakho engakwazi ukuzuza lesi sigaba somsebenzi wokudunyiswa kwenye indawo; okusho ukuthi lapho kunokusekwa okuvela kubo bonke abantu nokubonga okuvela kuzo zonke izizwe, ayikho indawo inkazimulo kaNkulunkulu engaphumula kuyo. Futhi lokhu kuwukubaluleka okungavamile impela lesi isigaba somsebenzi esinakho kuleli zwe. Phakathi kwenu, akukho namunye umuntu othola ukuvikelwa komthetho; kodwa niyajeziswa ngumthetho, kanti ubunzima obukhulu ukuthi akekho umuntu oniqondayo, kungaba yizihlobo zenu, abazali benu abangane benu noma ozakwenu emsebenzini. Akekho oniqondayo. Uma uNkulunkulu ekulahla, ayikho indlela ongaqhubeka uphile ngayo emhlabeni. Kodwa-ke, noma kunjalo abantu angeke bakwazi ukushiya uNkulunkulu; lokhu ukubaluleka kokunqotshelwa kwabantu nguNkulunkuku, kanti lokhu kuyinkazimulo kaNkulunkulu. Lokho okuthole njengefa namuhla kwedlula okwabapostoli nabaphrofethi bakudala bonke futhi kukhulu kunalokho okukaMose noPetru. Izibusiso azisoze zitholwe ngelanga noma amabili, kufanele zizuzwe ngokuzidela okukhulu. Okusho ukuthi ufanele ube nothando oluhlanzekile, ukholo olukhulu, namaqiniso amaningi lawo uNkulunkulu akucela ukuba ube nawo; phezu kwalokho, ufanele ukuba ubhekise ubuso bakho kubulungisa ungaze uzigogobeze noma uzibeke phansi, futhi ufanele ukuba nothando olungaguquki futhi olunganciphi kuNkulunkulu. Kudingeka wenze isinqumo, njengoba kunoguquko esimweni sempilo yakho; inkohlakalo yakho kufanele yelashwe, kufanele wamukele konke ukuhlela kuNkulunkulu ngaphandle kokukhononda, futhi ulalele kuze kube sekufeni. Yilokhu okufanele ukuzuze. Lokhu yinhloso yokugcina yomsebenzi kaNkulunkulu, nokudingwa uNkulunkulu kuleli qembu labantu. Njengoba ekunikeza, Naye ke kufanele acele kuwe ukuze akunike lokhu okudingayo nawe. Ngakho-ke, yonke imisebenzi kaNkulunkulu inezizathu, futhi kulokhu kuyabonakala ukuthi kungani uNkulunkulu njalo enza umsebenzi osezingeni eliphakeme nonezidingo eziqinile. Yingakho kufanele ugcwaliswe ngokholo kuNkulunkulu. Ngamafuphi, wonke umsebenzi kaNkulunkulu wenziwe ngenxa yakho ukuze ufanele ukuthola ifa Lakhe. Lokhu akukona kangako ukuthi uNkulunkulu athole inkazimulo kodwa kungenxa yosindiso lwakho nokuphelelisa leli qembu labantu abahlupheke kakhulu ezweni elingahlanzekile. Kufanele uqonde intando kaNkulunkulu. Ngakho ngishumayeza abaningi abantu abangenalwazi abangenambono noma umqondo: Ungalingi uNkulunkulu futhi unganqabi. uNkulunkulu usekumele konke ukuhlupheka lokho umuntu angakadluli kukona, kanti kudala wahlushwa kakhulu endaweni yomuntu. Yini enye ongeke uhlukane nayo? Yini engabaluleka kakhulu ukwedlula intando kaNkulunkulu? Yini engadlula uthando lukaNkulunkulu? Kuwumsebenzi ongumshikashika ophindiwe kaNkulunkulu ukuba awenze kule lizwe elingahlanzekile. Uma umuntu ona, azi futhi ehlosile, umsebenzi kaNkulunkulu uzofanela ukwelulwa. Vele, lokhu akubi ukuzuza komunye, futhi akuhlomuli muntu. UNkulunkulu akavinjelwa yisikhathi; umsebenzi Wakhe nenkazimulo Yakhe ziza kuqala. Ngakho-ke, noma ngabe kuthatha isikhathi eside kangakanani, angeke ashiye noma ngabe yikuphi ukuzidela uma ngabe kungumsebenzi Wakhe. Lesi yisimo sikaNkulunkulu: Angeke aphumule kuze kufezwe umsebenzi Wakhe. Uma isikhathi sifika kulapho ethola ingxenye yesibili yenkazimulo Yakhe ukuze umsebenzi Wakhe ucishe ufezwe. Uma uNkulunkulu engeqede umsebenzi Wakhe wengxenye yesibili yenkazimulo Yakhe, usuku Lwakhe ngeke lufike, isandla Sakhe angeke sisuke kulabo abakhethile, inkazimulo Yakhe ayisoze yafika ku-Israyeli, kanti uhlelo Lwakhe angeke lwafezwa. Ufanele ukubona intando kaNkulunkulu futhi ubone ukuthi umsebenzi kaNkulunkulu awulula njengokudalwa kwezulu nomhlaba nazo zonke izinto. Umsebenzi wanamuhla ukuguqula labo abonakalisiwe, abandikindiki ngokwedlulele, ukuhlanza labo abadaliwe kodwa bathathwa nguSathane. Akuwona owokudala u-Adamu noma u-Eva, hhayi nokwenza ukukhanya noma ukudala zonke izinhlobo zezithombo nezilwane. Umsebenzi Wakhe manje ukuhlanza bonke labo abonakalisiwe nguSathane ukuze bazuzwe kabusha babe ngabantu Bakhe babe inkazimulo Yakhe. Umsebenzi onjalo awulula njengoba umuntu ecabanga ngokudalwa kwezulu nomhlaba nezinto zonke ezikhona, futhi akufani nomsebenzi wokuqalekisela uSathane emgodini ongenamkhawulo njengoba umuntu ecabanga. Kodwa, ukuguqula umuntu, ukuguqula lokho okungekuhle kube okuhle nokuthatha lokho okungekona okwakhe kube okwakhe. Le indaba yangaphakathi yaleli banga lomsebenzi kaNkulunkulu. Ufanele uyazi, futhi ungenzi lula kakhulu izinto. Umsebenzi kaNkulunkulu awufani nanoma yiwuphi umsebenzi ojwayelekile. Ubukhulu bawo abuqondakali emqondweni womuntu, kanti ubuhlakani bawo angeke baziwe wumuntu. Kulesi sigaba somsebenzi Wakhe, uNkulunkulu akadali zonke izinto kanti futhi akazibhidlizi. Kodwa, uguqula yonke indalo Yakhe ahlanze zonke izinto ezoniwe uSathane. Ngakho-ke uNkulunkulu uzoqala umsebenzi omkhulu kanti lokhu kuwukubaluleka komsebenzi kaNkulunkulu. Ngemva kokufunda la mazwi, uyakholwa ukuthi umsebenzi kaNkulunkulu ulula kangaka?


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4. Ukuhlukanisa Phakathi Kwezindlela Zangempela Nezingamanga, Naphakathi Kwamabandla Angempela Nawamanga
Amazwi KaNkulunkulu Abalulekile:
Imuphi umyalo oyisisekelo ngempela ekufuneni indlela yeqiniso? Kufanele nibheke ukuthi ukhona yini umsebenzi kaMoya oNgcwele kule ndlela, ukuthi la mazwi ayiqiniso yini noma cha, ubani ongufakazi, nomphumela okungaba nawo kuwe. Ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwendlela yeqiniso neyamanga kudinga ulwazi oluningi oluyisisekelo, futhi okubaluleke nakakhulu ukwazi ukuthi ukhona yini umsebenzi kaMoya oNgcwele. Ngoba isiqu senkolelo yomuntu kuNkulunkulu siyinkolelo kaMoya oNgcwele. Ngisho nenkolelo kaNkulunkulu osesimweni somuntu ingenxa yokuthi inyama Yakhe iwumfuziselo kaMoya oNgcwele, okusho ukuthi leyo nkolelo isengekaMoya oNgcwele. Kunomehluko phakathi koMoya nenyama, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi le nyama ivela oMoyeni, futhi iZwi liphenduka inyama, ukholo lomuntu kuyo luseyisiqu sikaNkulunkulu. Ngakho ekwahlukaniseni ukuthi yindlela yeqiniso noma cha, kufanele nibheke ukuthi akuwona yini umsebenzi kaMoya oNgcwele, ngemva kwalokho nibheke ukuthi likhona yini iqiniso kuleyo ndlela. Leli qiniso liyisimo sokuphila ebuntwini obujwayelekile, okusho ukuthi, yilokho okwakudingeka kumuntu ngesikhathi edalwa uNkulunkulu, konke okobuntu obujwayelekile (okuhlanganisa ingqondo, ukuqonda, ukuhlakanipha, nolwazi oluyisisekelo lokuba umuntu). Lokho kusho ukuthi, kudingeka ubheke ukuthi le ndlela ingamngenisa yini umuntu ekuphileni kobuntu obujwayelekile noma cha, nokuthi iqiniso okukhulunywa ngalo liyadingeka ngokoqobo lobuntu obujwayelekile, ukuthi leli qiniso lingenzeka futhi ngelangempela, noma lihambisana nesikhathi noma cha. Uma kuneqiniso, khona-ke kungenzeka ukuthi umuntu aphile ngendlela ejwayelekile; ngaphezu kwalokho, umuntu oba ojwayelekile nakakhulu, ingqondo yomuntu iyaphelela nakakhulu, ukuphila komuntu enyameni nasemoyeni kuyahleleka, futhi imizwa yomuntu iba ejwayelekile. Lona umyalo wesibili. Kunomunye futhi umyalo, wokuthi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umuntu unolwazi oluningi yini ngoNkulunkulu, ukuthi uyawubona yini umsebenzi onjalo, nokuthi iqiniso liyakugqugquzela yini ukuthanda uNkulunkulu kuye, kumsondeze kakhudlwana kuNkulunkulu. Kulokhu kungalinganiswa ukuthi le ndlela yindlela yeqiniso yini noma cha. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi le ndlela inengqondo yini, nokuthi iyamnika yini umuntu ukuphila. Uma ivumelana nale miyalo, kungafinyelelwa esiphethweni sokuthi lena indlela yeqiniso. La mazwi angiwasho ngoba ngifuna namukele ezinye izindlela ezintweni enibhekana nazo kusasa, nangenhloso yokuqagela ukuthi kuyoba nomsebenzi esikhathini esizayo. Ngiwasho ukuze niqiniseke ngokuthi indlela yanamuhla ngeyeqiniso, ukuze ningayingabazi inkolelo yenu ngomsebenzi wanamuhla futhi ningahluleki ukuyiqonda. Kunabaningi futhi, okuthi ngaphandle kokuqiniseka, balandele imbudane; into engenawo umyalo, futhi kumele baqothulwe kungekudala. Ngisho nalabo abaphikelelayo endleleni abayilandelayo ngokwezinga elithile abaqiniseki, okutshengisa ukuthi abanasisekelo. Ngoba ubuqotho bakho buyantula futhi isisekelo sakho siyize, awuwuqondi umehluko. UNkulunkulu akawuphindi umsebenzi Wakhe, akawenzi umsebenzi ongenangqondo, akazenzi izimfuneko eziyihaba ngomuntu, akawenzi umsebenzi ongaphezu komqondo womuntu. Wonke umsebenzi awenzayo awukho ngaphezu komqondo womuntu, awubudluli ubuntu obujwayelekile, futhi umsebenzi Wakhe uvumelana nezimfuneko zomuntu. Uma kuwumsebenzi kaMoya oNgcwele, umuntu uba ngojwayelekile nakakhulu, futhi ubuntu bakhe buvama nakakhulu. Abantu bazuza ulwazi olukhulayo ngesimo sabo esonakele esinobusathane, nangesiqu somuntu, futhi ulilangazelela kakhulu iqiniso. Lokho kusho ukuthi, ukuphila komuntu kuyakhula, futhi isimo esonakele somuntu sibhekana nezinguquko eziningi—konke lokho kuyincazelo kaNkulunkulu eba ukuphila komuntu. Uma indlela ingakwazi ukwambula lezo zinto eziyisiqu somuntu, ayikwazi ukushintsha isimo somuntu, futhi ayikwazi ukuletha umuntu phambi kukaNkulunkulu noma ukumnika ukuqonda kweqiniso ngoNkulunkulu, ngisho nokwehlisa ubuntu bomuntu nokuphakamisa umqondo wakhe, khona-ke leyo ngeke kube indlela yeqiniso, kunalokho ingaba umsebenzi womoya omubi, noma indlela endala. Ngamafuphi, ayikwazi ukuba umsebenzi wamanje kaMoya oNgcwele.
Kucashunwe embhalweni othi “UNkulunkulu Anganeliswa Kuphela Yilabo Abamaziyo Nabazi Umsebenzi Wakhe” encwadini ethi Izwi Livela Lisenyameni
Esigabeni ngasinye somsebenzi kaNkulunkulu kukhona izidingo zomuntu ezihambisana nawo. Bonke labo abasemgudwini kaMoya oNgcwele baphethwe ubukhona kanye nokuqondisa kukaMoya oNgcwele, futhi labo abangekho ngaphakathi komgudu kaMoya oNgcwele bangaphansi kokulawula kukaSathane, futhi abanawo umsebenzi kaMoya oNgcwele. Abantu abasemgudwini kaMoya oNgcwele yilabo abamukela umsebenzi omusha kaNkulunkulu, labo ababambisanayo emsebenzini kaNkulunkulu omusha. Uma labo abangaphakathi kwale ndlela behlukeka ukwenza iqiniso elidingwa uNkulunkulu ngalesi sikhathi, bazoqondiswa izigwegwe, futhi okubi kakhulu ukuthi bazolahlwa uMoya oNgcwele. Labo abamukela umsebenzi omusha kaMoya oNgcwele, bazophila ngaphakathi komgudu kaMoya oNgcwele, bamukela ukunakekelwa nokuvikelwa uMoya oNgcwele. Labo abazimisele ngokwenza iqiniso bakhanyiselwa uMoya oNgcwele, futhi labo abangazimisele ngokwenza iqiniso bayaqondiswa uMoya oNgcwele, futhi bangaze bajeziswe. Ngisho noma umuntu unjani, kuncike ekutheni basemgudwini kaMoya oNgcwele, uNkulunkulu uzothwala ijoka labo bonke abamukela umsebenzi Wakhe omusha ngenxa yegama Lakhe. Labo abadumisa igama Lakhe futhi abazimisele ngokwenza amazwi Akhe bazokwamukela izibusiso Zakhe; labo abangamlaleli futhi abangawenzi amazwi Akhe bazokwamukela ukujeziswa Nguye. Abantu abasemgudwini kaMoya oNgcwele yilabo abamukela umsebenzi omusha, futhi njengoba bamukela umsebenzi omusha, kumele basebenzisane noNkulunkluu ngokufanele, futhi kumele bangaziphathisi okwabahlubuki abangawenzi umsebenzi wabo. Yilokhu kuphela okudingwa uNkulunkulu kumuntu. Akunjalo kubantu abangawamukeli umsebenzi omusha: Bangaphandle komgudu koMoya oNgcwele, futhi ukuqondiswa kanye nokukhalinywa uMoya oNgcwele akusebenzi kubo. Usuku lonke, laba bantu baphila enyameni, baphila phakathi kwemiqondo yabo, futhi abakwenzayo nje kususelwa ezifundisweni ezivela ngokucubungula nocwaningo lwemiqondo yabo. Akukhona lokho okudingwa umsebenzi omusha kaMoya oNgcwele, kube kungahambisani noNkulunkulu. Labo abangawamukeli umsebenzi kaNkulunkulu bancishiwe ubukhona bukaNkulunkulu, futhi, phezu kwalokho, bantula izibusiso nokuvikelwa uNkulunkulu. Amazwi abo amaningi kanye nezenzo kubamele ezidingweni zomsebenzi kaMoya oNgcwele; futhi kuyimfundiso, akulona iqiniso. Izimfundiso ezinje kanye nemithetho kwanele ukuba kufakazele ukuthi ukuhlangana kwalaba bantu kuyinkolo nje kuphela; akukhona okukhethiwe, noma injongo yomsebenzi kaNkulukulu. Ukuhlangana kwabo bonke labo abaphakathi kwabo kungabizwa ngokuthi ukuhlanganyela kwezenkolo kuphela, futhi kungebizwe ngokuthi ibandla. Lokhu kuyiqiniso elingaguquleki. Abanawo umsebenzi omusha kaMoya oNgcwele; abakwenzayo kubukeka kunephunga lenkolo, abakuphilayo kugcwele inkolo; abanabo ubukhona kanye nomsebenzi kaMoya oNgcwele, kanti abafanelekile nawukuqondiswa nokukhanyiswa uMoya oNgcwele. Laba bantu bayizidumbu ezingenampilo, futhi bayizimpethu ezingenamoya. Abanalwazi ngokuhlubuka nokuphikisa komuntu, abanalwazi ngezenzo ezimbi zonke zomuntu, bebe bengenalwazi nhlobo ngomsebenzi kaNkulunkulu kanye nentando kaNkulunkulu yamanje. Bonke abanalwazi, abantukazana, bawudoti ongafanele ukubizwa ngabantu abakholwayo! Akukho abakwenzayo okunegalelo ekuphatheni kukaNkulunkulu, kube kungelungise uhlelo lukaNkulunkulu. Amazwi abo kanye nezenzo kunyanyisa kakhulu, kuyadina, futhi akufanelekanga nawukuthi kuze kubalwe. Akukho okwenziwa yilabo abangekho emgudwini kaMoya ONgcwele abahlangene nomsebenzi omusha kaMoya oNgcwele. Ngenxa yalokhu, noma bengaba kuphi, abaqondiswanga uMoya oNgcwele, futhi, phezu kwakho konke, ngaphandle abakhanyiselwanga uMoya oNgcwele. Ngoba bonke bangabantu abangenalo uthando lweqiniso, futhi bayazondwa futhi bachithwe uMoya oNgcwele. Babizwa ngokuthi bangabenzi bobubi ngoba baphila enyameni, futhi benza noma yini ebathokozisayo ngaphansi kwegama likaNkulunkulu. Ngenkathi uNkulunkulu esebenza, abazisondezi Kuye ngamabomu, futhi bagijimela kwelinye icala elingahambisani Naye. Ukwehluleka komuntu ukusebenzisana noNkulunkulu kuwukuhlubuka kuNkulunkulu okukhulu ngokwakho, ngakho ngeke yini abaphikisana noNkulunkulu ngamabomu nakanjani bathole impindiselo ebafanele?
Kucashunwe embhalweni othi “Umsebenzi KaNkulunkulu Nokwenza Komuntu” encwadini ethi Izwi Livela Lisenyameni
Izingcaphuno Zezintshumayelo Nokuhlanganyela Okungabhekiswa Kuzo:
Uma wonke umphakathi wezenkolo ungenayo inzondo futhi ungaphikisani nayo, khona-ke le bekungeke kube indlela yangempela. Khumbula: Indlela yangempela kufanele iphikiswe abantu abaningi, ngisho umhlaba wonke. Ngenkathi iNkosi uJesu ifika okokuqala izosebenza futhi izoshumayela, ingabe amaJuda wonke awazange ayiphikise na? Njalo lapho uNkulunkulu eqala umsebenzi omusha, isintu esonakele siba nobunzima ukuba siwamukele, ngoba umsebenzi kaNkulunkulu uphikisana futhi uphambene nemicabango yabantu; abantu abanalo ikhono lokuqonda, futhi abakwazi ukungena endaweni yokomoya, futhi ukube bekungeve kungenxa yomsebenzi kaMoya oNgcwele, bebengeke bakwazi ukwamukela indlela yangempela. Uma kukholakala ukuthi ngumsebenzi kaNkulunkulu, kodwa kungaphikiswa umphakathi wezenkolo, futhi kungenakho ukuphikiswa nokuzonda yizwe, khona-ke lokhu kufakazela ukuthi lo msebenzi kaNkulunkulu ungamanga. Kungani isintu singenakukwazi ukwamukela iqiniso? Okokuqala, umuntu ungowenyama, futhi ubunjiwe. Izinto ezingokwenyama azikwazi ukungena endaweni yokomoya. Kusho ukuthini “ukungakwazi ukungena endaweni yokomoya”? Kusho ukungakwazi ukubona imimoya, imisebenzi yemimoya kanye nombuso wokomoya, ukungakwazi ukubona lokho uNkulunkulu akwenzayo nakushoyo. Abantu baba yizimpumputhe endaweni yokomoya. Uma uvala amehlo akho ezweni lenyama, awuboni lutho. Uma uwavula, yini oyibonayo? Izwe lenyama. Uyakwazi ukubona ukuthi yimuphi umoya owenza muphi umsebenzi kubantu? Uyakwazi ukubona ukuthi yini uMoya kaNkulunkulu ozele ukuyenza nokuyisho? Ngeke ukwazi. Ngezinye izikhathi ungase uzwe iphimbo Lakhe, futhi ufunde amazwi kaNkulunkulu elotshwe encwadini, kodwa nalapho awazi ukuthi uNkulunkulu wawakhuluma kanjani noma nini lawa mazwi. Ungalizwa iphimbo Lakhe, kodwa awazi ukuthi livelaphi; ubona amazwi kaNkulunkulu ebhalwe ekhasini, kodwa awazi ukuthi asho ukuthini. Abantu abakwazi ukungena endaweni yokomoya, noma baqonde umthombo wamazwi kaNkulunkulu, ngakho-ke badinga ukukhanyiselwa nokucacisa kukaMoya oNgcwele, nomsebenzi kaMoya oNgcwele, ukuze bafeze imiphumela. Okwesibili, isintu sikhohlakaliswe ngokujulile, futhi ingaphakathi lakhe seligcwaliswe ubuthi obunhlobonhlobo bukaSathane kanjalo nolwazi olunhlobonhlobo; uma ehlola yonke into esebenzisa amafilosofi nemicabango ehlukahlukene enobusathane, lapho-ke akasoze akwazi ukuthola ukuthi iqiniso liyini. Ngaphandle kokukhanyisela nokukhanyisa kukaMoya oNgcwele, umuntu esikhohlakele ngokwemvelo akunakwenzeka sikwazi ukungena ezweni lokomoya. Usegcwaliswe amafilosofi nolwazi lukaSathane, futhi akakwazi ukuhlonza iqiniso. Futhi ngaleyo ndlela indlela yangempela ngokuqinisekile ingaphansi kokushushiswa nokulahlwa umuntu. Kungani kulula kubantu ukwamukela ulwazi namafilosofi kaSathane? Okokuqala, kuhambisana nemicabango yabo kanye nezintshisekelo zabo zenyama, futhi kunenzuzo enyameni yabo. Bathi phakathi kwabo, “Ukwamukela ulwazi olunjengalokhu kuyangisiza: Kuzongithuthukisa, kuzongenza ngiphumelele, futhi kungivumele ukuba ngifeze izinto. Ngolwazi olunjengalolu bantu bazobukela kimina.” Qaphela ukuthi lokho okuzuzisa abantu kuhambisana kanjani nemibono yabo. … Njengoba sebekhohlakaliswe kangaka, futhi bengakwazi ukungena ezweni lokomoya, abantu into abakwazi ukuyenza ukumelana noNkulunkulu kuphela, ngakho-ke ukufika komsebenzi kaNkulunkulu kuye kuhlangane nokwenqatshwa, ukuphikiswa, nokulahlwa ngumuntu. Ingabe lokhu akufanele ngabe bekulindeleke? Ukube ukufika komsebenzi kaNkulunkulu akuzange kuhlangabezane nokujivazwa nokuphikiswa yizwe nesintu, khona-ke lokhu bekuzofakazela ukuthi akukona iqiniso. Ukube konke okwakhulunywa nguNkulunkulu bekuhambisana nemicabango yabantu, ingabe bebengakulahla? Ingabe bebeyokuphikisa? Ngeke neze.
kuvela encwadini ethi Ukuhlanganyela Okuvela Kongaphezulu
Ibandla lakhiwe yilabo abamiselwe ngaphambili ngokweqiniso futhi bakhethwa nguNkulunkulu—lenziwe yilabo abathanda iqiniso, abafuna iqiniso, futhi abanomsebenzi woMoya oNgcwele. Kulapho kuphela lapho laba bantu behlangana ukuze badle futhi baphuze izwi likaNkulunkulu, baphile impilo yebandla, bajabulele umsebenzi kaNkulunkulu, futhi benze umsebenzi wabo njengezidalwa zikaNkulunkulu lapho kungaba khona yibandla. Uma isixuku sithi ngempela siyakholwa kuNkulunkulu, kodwa asithandi noma asifuni iqiniso, futhi singenawo umsebenzi woMoya oNgcwele, futhi senza imikhosi yezenkolo, sithandaza, futhi sifunda amazwi kaNkulunkulu, leso sixuku asilona ibandla. Ngokuqondile nje, amabandla angenawo umsebenzi woMoya oNgcwele awawona amabandla; ayizindawo zezenkolo kuphela nabantu abenza imikhosi yezenkolo. Akubona abantu abalalela uNkulunkulu ngokweqiniso futhi bahlangabezane nomsebenzi kaNkulunkulu. …
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… Ibandla liwumbuthano wabantu abakholwa kuNkulunkulu ngokwangempela futhi bafune iqiniso, futhi alinabo neze ababi—ababona abasebandleni. Uma iqembu labantu abangazange bafune iqiniso futhi abangenzanga lutho ukusebenzisa iqiniso behlangane ndawonye, ngabe lokhu kungaba yibandla? Kungaba yini? Kungaba yindawo yezenkolo, noma isixuku. Ibandla kufanele lakhiwe ngabantu abakholwa kuNkulunkulu ngokwangempela futhi bafune iqiniso, abadla futhi baphuze amazwi kaNkulunkulu, futhi bakhonze uNkulunkulu, benze umsebenzi wabo, bathole umsebenzi kaNkulunkulu futhi bezwe umsebenzi woMoya oNgcwele. Yileli kuphela ibandla. Ngakho-ke, uma uhlaziya ibandla, kufanele uqale ubheke uhlobo lwabantu olukhona. Okwesibili, kufanele ubheke ukuthi ingabe banawo noma cha umsebenzi woMoya oNgcwele; uma ukuhlangana kwabo kungenawo umsebenzi woMoya oNgcwele, akulona ibandla, futhi uma kungekhona ukubuthana kwalabo abafuna iqiniso, khona-ke akulona ibandla. Uma ibandla lingenamuntu ofuna iqiniso ngokwangempela, futhi lingenawo nhlobo umsebenzi woMoya oNgcwele, khona-ke uma kukhona kulo umuntu ozimisele ukufuna iqiniso, futhi aqhubeke ahlale ebandleni elinjalo, lowo muntu angasindiswa? Ngeke akwazi, futhi kufanele basishiye leso sixuku bese efuna ibandla ngokushesha okunokwenzeka. Uma, ngaphakathi ebandleni, kunabantu abathathu noma abahlanu abafuna iqiniso, nabantu abangama-30 noma abangama-50 abayisixuku nje, khona-ke labo bantu abathathu noma abahlanu abakholwa ngokweqiniso kuNkulunkulu futhi abafuna iqiniso kufanele bahlangane; uma behlangana ndawonye ukuhlangana kwabo kusengabizwa ngebandla, ibandla elinamalungu ambalwa, kodwa elihlanzekile.
Kuvela “Kubalulekile Ukusebenza Ngokuhambisana Nezimiselo Eziyisihlanu Zomsebenzi Webandla” encwadini ethi Izintshumayelo Nokuhlanganyela VII
Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi abaholi bawo kanye nabefundisi abakapheleliswa futhi bakhiwe nguMoya oNgcwele ngenkathi bebona umsebenzi kaNkulunkulu, kodwa esikhundleni salokho baba ngabaholi nabefundisi emphakathini wezenkolo ngemva kokuphothula izifundo zabo ezikoleni bathola iziqu zemfundo. Abanawo umsebenzi nokuqinisekiswa koMoya oNgcwele, abanalo noluncane ulwazi lweqiniso ngoNkulunkulu, futhi imilomo yabo ayikwazi ukukhuluma lutho ngaphandle kolwazi lwezenkolo nemfundiso. Empeleni abakahlangabezani nalutho. Abantu abanjalo abafanelekile neze ukusetshenziswa uNkulunkulu; bangamholela kanjani umuntu phambi kukaNkulunkulu? Baphakamisa ngokuzikhukhumeza ukufunda kwabo njengobufakazi bokufaneleka kwabo, benza konke okusemandleni ukugabisa ngolwazi lwabo lweBhayibheli, banokuzikhukhumeza okungabekezeleleki—futhi ngenxa yalokhu, bayalahlwa nguNkulunkulu, bayenyanywa nguNkulunkulu, futhi balahlekelwe umsebenzi woMoya oNgcwele. Kulokhu akukho kungabaza. Ukuthi kungani umphakathi wezenkolo sewuphenduke isitha sikaKristu esiyingozi ngumbuzo olukhuni kakhulu. Yini ebonisa ukuthi, ngeNkathi Yomusa, inkolo yobuJuda yambethela esiphambanweni uJesu Kristu? NgeNkathi Yombuso wezinsuku zokugcina, umphakathi wenkolo ubumbene futhi wanikela wonke amandla wawo ekuphikiseni nasekwahluleleni umsebenzi kaNkulunkulu wezinsuku zokugcina, uyaphika futhi uyamlahla uKristu osesimweni somuntu wezinsuku zokugcina, uqambele amahemuhemu anhlobonhlobo, futhi wahlasela, wahlekisa futhi wahlambalaza uNkulunkulu ozelwe enyameni kanye nebandla likaNkulunkulu, futhi kade wabethela uJesu obuyile, uKristu wezinsuku zokugcina, esiphambanweni. Lokhu kufakazela ukuthi umphakathi wezenkolo kade waguquka waba ngamabutho kaSathane aphikisa navukela uNkulunkulu. Umphakathi wezenkolo awulawulwa nguNkulunkulu, angisayiphathi eyokubuswa yiqiniso; ulawulwa ngokuphelele ngabantu abakhohlakele, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, ngomphikukristu.
Lapho abantu bekholwa kuNkulunkulu endaweni yezenkolo enjengale—engekaSathane futhi ebuswa iphinde ilawulwe amadimoni nomphikukristu—bayokwazi kuphela ukuqonda izimfundiso zenkolo, bangakwazi kuphela ukulandela imikhosi yezenkolo kanye nezimiso zakhona, futhi abasoze baliqonda iqiniso, abasoze bezwa umsebenzi kaNkulunkulu, futhi abakwazi ngokuphelele ukusindiswa. Lokhu kuyisiqiniseko. Ngoba akukho lutho olungumsebenzi woMoya oNgcwele ezindaweni zezenkolo, futhi ziyizindawo ezimenyanyisayo uNkulunkulu, ezizondwayo nguNkulunkulu, futhi zilahlwe zaqalekiswa Nguye. UNkulunkulu akakaze akhombise ukuyazisa inkolo, engakaze futhi ayituse, futhi kusukela esikhathini sikaJesu umphakathi wenkolo walahlwa nguNkulunkulu. Ngakho-ke, uma ukholwa kuNkulunkulu kufanele uthole izindawo eziqukethe uMoya oNgcwele; yilawo kuphela amabandla eqiniso, futhi yisemabandleni eqiniso kuphela lapho uzokwazi ukuzwa iphimbo likaNkulunkulu, futhi uthole izinyathelo zomsebenzi kaNkulunkulu. Leyo yindlela uNkulunkulu afunwa ngayo.
kuvela encwadini ethi Ukuhlanganyela Okuvela Kongaphezulu


text: I-N-Dodecyl-2-Pyrrolidone iwuketshezi olunegwebu eliphansi, nonionic olusetshenziswa ezihlanzini zasendlini, zezimboni kanye nezikhungo. Leli khemikhali liphinde libe yi-ejenti yokumanzisa esetshenziswa ekwenziweni kwamakhemikhali okunamathelayo kanye ne-sealant. I-N-Dodecyl-2-Pyrrolidone isebenzisana nama-anionic surfactants, yakhe ama-micelles axubile, okuphumela ekwehlisweni kokuqina kwe-synergistic surface kanye nokuthuthukisa ukumanzisa. I-N-Dodecyl-2-Pyrrolidone isetshenziswa embonini yezibulala-zinambuzane. Kuyaziwa futhi ukuthi isetshenziswa njenge-conditioner, i-foam stabilizer, o-inki, kanye nezingubo ezithwala amanzi.


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Kabelo Tlhabanelo
Ngesikhathi amadoda amabili engena ePosini lase-Bainsvlei e-Bloemfontein akekho osole ukuthi banezinhloso ezingezinhle.
Phela kwazise ukuthi, babephethe ibhokisi ababezoliposa.
Into abebengayazi abasebenzi bakuleliposi ukuthi la madoda abezenza amakhasimende aphethe ‘iphasela’ okuthe kamuva kwatholakala ukuthi beligcwele izitini eziningi.
Ngemuva kwemzuzwane, abasebenzi besifazane abane bahlulwe ngamandla yilaba besilisa abagcine betshontshe imali engaphezu kwezi-R100,000.
Izindaba zokubanjwa inkunzi okwenzeke ngoLwesibili zisabalale elokishini futhi zakhathaza abahlali bakule ndawo ebebezibuza ukuthi ngabe bazozithola yini izibonelelo zabo zakwa-Sassa.
UMathabo Mapesa oneminyaka engama-37, uthe kuzoba nzima kuye nezingane zakhe ezintathu uma lokho okwenzekile kuphazamisa ukukhishwa kwezibonelelo zakwa-Sassa.
Utshele abakwa-Scrolla.Africa ukuthi: “Iposi eliseduze likude nalapha futhi lidinga ukuthi umuntu agibele itekisi. Anginayo imali yokukhokhela mina kanye nezingane zami etekisini. Ngifisa nje ukuthi abaphangi bangahlala kude namaposi ngoba sonke siyazi ukuthi bakhokha izibonelelo eziningi zakwa-Sassa ezigidini zabantu. Lokhu ukwebela abampofu.”
UPiet van Rooi oneminyaka engama-72 ongumhlali wakule ndawo, utshele abakwa-Scrolla.Africa ukuthi: “Engikukhathalelayo imali yami yempesheni. Ngatshelwa ukuthi ngosuku lokuhola imali yesibonelelo, imali yami ngizoyithola iphelele.”
Okhulumela abakwa-Sassa, uMotshewa Maleka uthe: “Cha, ukubanjwa inkunzi akuthinti izibonelelo, abantu bakithi akufanele bakhathazeke.”
Okhulumela amaphoyisa uBrigadier Motantsi Makhele ukuqinisekisile ukubanjwa kwenkunzi wathi sekuqaliwe ukuthungathwa kwabasolwa ababili.
Umthombo ofisa ukungadalulwa uthe isamba semali eyizi-R118,000 sithathwe ngabasolwa.
“Abasebenzi bebethukile kodwa siyabonga ukuthi basaphila. Imali ibilungela ukuyothathwa ihanjiswe ebhange ngesikhathi kwenzeka lesi sigameko. Kube nokushaqeka ukubona izitini ngaphakathi kwebhokisi ‘lepasela’ elifike nabasolwa. Ngiyethemba ukuthi bazoboshwa ngaphambi kokuthi bazame ukuphanga futhi babulale umuntu.”
Noma ngubani ongaba nemininingwane mayelana nalesi sehlakalo uyacelwa ukuba ashayele uWarrant Officer uLebohang Abram Marema ku-082 466 7255, noma aye emaphoyiseni aseduzane.


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I-DT1320 iyibhande lensimbi yensimbi yesigaba esikabili.Inobuso obuqinile futhi obushelelezi kanye nongqimba lwe-oxide empunga, okuyenza ifaneleke kunoma yisiphi isicelo lapho kunobungozi obuncane bokugqwala.Izakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu ezishisayo zikwenza kube kuhle ukubhaka kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezifanayo.Ingashiselwa ngaphandle kokwelashwa okwengeziwe ngokushisa,Ikhabhoni ephansi yayo yenza kube nokwenzeka ukushisela ngaphandle kokushisela.
● Amandla amile amahle kakhulu
● Amandla amahle kakhulu okukhathala
● Izakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu ezishisayo
● Ukumelana nokugqoka okuhle kakhulu
● Ukulungiseka okuhle
● Iphaneli esekelwe ngokhuni
● Isithumeli
● njll.
● Ubude – yenza ngokwezifiso kuyatholakala
● Ububanzi – 200 ~ 3100 mm
● Ubukhulu – 1.2 / 1.4 / 1.5 mm
Amathiphu: Max.ububanzi bebhande elilodwa buyi-1200mm, osayizi abenziwe ngezifiso ngokusika noma ukushisela longitudinal ayatholakala.
I-Single Opening Press iqukethe ucezu lwebhande lensimbi eyi-cyclic kanye nesethi yokucindezela okukodwa okude.Ibhande lithwala umata bese lihamba kancane ngokucindezela ukuze libunjwe.Kuwuhlobo lobuchwepheshe bokucindezela umjikelezo we-stepwise.Ngaphandle kwe-DT1320, i-CT1300 ne-CT1100 nayo ingasetshenziswa embonini yephaneli esekwe ngokhuni I-Single Opening Press.Iyiphi imodeli engcono kakhulu yokukhetha, thintana noMingke, sizoncoma imodeli yebhande lensimbi elifanele ngokusho kwezimo zesicelo sekhasimende kanye nesabelomali.
Selokhu sasungulwa, uMingke unikeze amandla imboni yamaphaneli esekelwe ngokhuni, imboni yamakhemikhali, imboni yokudla, imboni yenjoloba, kanye nokusakazwa kwefilimu njll. Ngaphandle kwebhande lensimbi, uMingke angaphinde anikeze imishini yebhande lensimbi, njenge-Isobaric Double Belt Press, i-chemical flaker / i-pastilator, i-Conveyor, nesistimu yokulandelela ibhande lensimbi elihlukile ngezimo ezahlukene.


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Izindlela eziyi-10 zokulola amakhono akho nge-ExpertOption
Ingabe ufuna amathiphu ongakhetha kanambambili? Hhayi-ke, akukephuzi kakhulu ukufunda amakhono amasha. Kusuka kubathengisi abasha abasanda kuqala ukucabanga ngezinketho zokuhweba kulabo abaye bahweba ngempumelelo isikhathi esithile, kukhona njalo indawo yokuthuthukisa. Kanambambili inketho yokuhweba ithwala ingozi; iqhinga iwukuba wandise ithuba lokuwina.
Nakuba kuyindlela elula yokwenza imali, kudinga ukuzijwayeza okuningi, ukuqonda kanye nenani elithile lesibopho. Lokho kusho ukuthi kuyindlela enhle yokwenza imali eyengeziwe noma ukuphila isikhathi esigcwele uma usondela kuyo ngesimo sengqondo esifanele, ube namakhono amahle okuphatha imali kanye namasu afanele okuhweba.


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EThekwini kugujwa umkhosi we-25th Time of Writer oqale ngoMsombuluko, mhlaka 14 Mashi, uzovalwa mhlaka 21 Mashi 2022, ngoMsombuluko. Lo mkhosi ugujwa minyaka yonke eCentre for Creative Arts, eNyuvesi yaKwaZulu Natali lapho izinjulabuchopho zababhali zihlangene khona. Kulonyaka ababhali abangaphuzu kuka-100 bazoba ingxenye yalomgubho owethulwa ku-inthanethi okwesithathu ngemuva kokuqala kweCovid 19.
Umkhosi kulonyaka ugqugquzelwe (inspired) ingqalabutho eyawina i-Africa’s Nobel Peace Prize uDkt Chief Albert Luthuli. Isiqubulo salomkhosi salonyaka esithi Beyond Words: Memory, Imagination and Conscience, sizobungaza iqaza lika Dkt Luthuli nesikhumbuzo seminyaka ewu- 60 se-biography yakhe ethi Let My People Go, esakhishwa ngo-1962. Kulo mkhosi kuzobe kuhlanganyele nababhali ukudingida kabanzi ukuthi ngabe umbono kaLuthuli Ningizimu Afrika engcono uyenzeka noma cha.
Lo mkhosi uvulwe uDkt Nokuthula Mazibuko Msimang ongumbhali omkanjubovu ngaphansi kweze-film. Umbhali ofakiwe kulonyaka uMandla Langa injulabuchopho yombhali waseMzansi Afrika eyawina i-Commonwealth Writers Prize ngenoveli yakhe ethi Colours of the Chameleon ngo-2009. Ngomhlaka 21 Mashi, kuzokwethulwa uhlelo oluyisipesheli lwe-UNESCO’s International Poetry Day kanye noSuku Lwamlungelo Abantu eMzansi Afrika.
Article Overview
The 25th Time of the Writer was held between 14th – 21st March 2022. The festival take place every year at the Centre for Creative Arts, University of KwaZulu-Natal. More than 100 writers from South Africa and around the globe assembled for the festival that was presented online for the third consecutive year. This year’s festival was inspired by the Noble Peace Prize winner Chief Albert Luthuli. Dr Nokuthula Mazibuko Msimang was the keynote speaker and the featured author was Mandla Langa.
Zama Khoza is a Zulu content generator and media and communications researcher. She holds an Honours degree in Cultural and Media Studies from the University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN).


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Inzuzo Yethu
1, Izisetshenziswa
Sinomugqa wokukhiqiza ophelele kanye nemishini yokuhlola, kufaka phakathi umugqa wokukhiqiza othomathikhi,
2, Iqembu
Sinethimba lethu elethu ukwenza ucwaningo, ukuklama, ukukhiqiza nokudayisa.
3. Ikhwalithi
Siphumelele i-IS0 9001:2005. ejwayelekile, uzinzile, uthembekile
4, Inani
Imikhiqizo yethu iqhathaniswa kahle nabanye abathengisi.
5, Umlando
Siyinkampani ehlanganiswe no-R&D, ukukhiqizwa nokuthengisa ngokuphelele,
6. Ifilosofi
Ngekhwalithi enhle kakhulu, isevisi yezinga lokuqala, ibhizinisi elithembekile
Inqubo ngokwezifiso
Ngemva kokuxoxisana nekhasimende, silungiselela ukwethula iphrojekthi entsha.
I-1, Uma ikhasimende linomdwebo, ohlanganisa ubukhulu, izinto zokwakha, izidingo ezikhethekile, khona-ke singenza isikhunta ngokusho komdwebo.
2, Uma ikhasimende lingenawo umdwebo, kodwa libe nesampula, khona-ke isampula idinga ukuthunyelwa kunjiniyela wethu, khona-ke sizokala ubukhulu, futhi senze umdwebo. Bese senza isikhunta ngokusho komdwebo.
Kwesinye isikhathi, ikhasimende lizokwenza isikhunta sesampula, esincane futhi esibiza kancane, Ukwenza amasampula nje. Kwesinye isikhathi, ikhasimende lenza isikhunta esikhulu ngqo, kukho kokubili ukwenza amasampula nokukhiqiza ngobuningi.
Ngemuva kokwenza isikhunta, sizohlola isikhunta, uma isikhunta silungile. Bese wenza amasampula, unjiniyela wethu uzokala amasayizi amasampula futhi ahlole ubulukhuni nokunye, ukuze aqiniseke ukuthi amasampula ayikhwalithi enhle. Bese sithumela amasampula kumakhasimende ethu ukuze ahlolwe.
Ngemuva kokuqinisekiswa kwamasampula, sizoqala ukukhiqiza ngobuningi. Ukugeleza kokukhiqiza kanjena:
Ukuhlolwa Kwento Engahluziwe→Nikeza→Ukuxuba Impahla→Impahla→Ukusika→Ikhambi Lokuqala→Ukuhlola Okungashayi →Ukuhlola Okuvamile→Ukusebenza KweBurr→100%Ukuhlola Amehlo→IPQC→Ukugeza noma Ukugaya→Ukwelapha Iposi→FQC→Ukupakisha
Ngemva kokukhiqizwa ngobuningi kanye ne-FQC, khona-ke sizopakisha imikhiqizo yekhwalithi .Yebo, uma udinga iphakheji eyenziwe ngokwezifiso, singakwazi futhi ukuyenza, kodwa sidinga imali eyengeziwe.
Bese sizothumela izimpahla zethu, inani elincane, ngokuvamile ngezokuthutha ezihamba phambili , njenge-FedEx , DHL, TNT, UPS, noma ngendiza. Uma isamba esikhulu, ngokuvamile ngomkhumbi noma ezokuthutha zomhlaba.
Ngemuva kokuthengisa
Wonke umkhiqizo unempilo yawo yeshelufu, uma kunezinkinga zekhwalithi phakathi nesikhathi seshelufu, sicela usithinte, sihlala sikhona ukuze sikusize. Asenzi ibhizinisi elilodwa nje, kodwa ukufuna ukubambisana kwesikhathi eside, ukufeza isimo sokuwina-win.
Inkokhelo:
Singakwazi ukukhokha nge-paypal, Western Union, Money Gram, T/T, L/C; Isikhathi sokuhola isampula sisezinsukwini eziyi-7-10, isikhathi sokuhola somthamo weMisa yizinsuku ezingama-25-30; Singakunikeza ukwesekwa kobuchwepheshe obuchwepheshile. Futhi imikhiqizo yethu izinga gurantee izinyanga 12.
Sitshala imali eningi ukuze sisungule eyethu ilabhorethri ukuze siqinisekise ukuthi singakwazi ukuqhamuka nezixazululo zamakhasimende ngokushesha nangempumelelo.
INQUBO YOKUQHUBEKA KOMKHIQIZO :
Okubalulekile→Ukugaya Ibhola→Ukucindezela Okubalulekile →Ukucwenga Kokuqala→Ukucwenga Okwesibili→Isitsha sobumba→Ukubumba Isandla →Ukubumba Okuzenzakalelayo →Ukomisa →Ukomisa →Ukufaka I-Sintering→Imikhiqizo Eqediwe→Ukupakisha Ikhathoni→Ukupakisha Ikesi Lokhuni
Inkonzo Yethu
● Amasampula Amahhala
Azikho izidingo ezikhethekile.Ungakhathazeki, ngemboni yangokwezifiso, sizoqoqa inani elikhulu lemisebenzi yekhwalithi ephezulu njengamasampula amahhala ereferensi yamakhasimende.
● INKONZO ye-OEM/ODM
Sinikeze isevisi ye-oem/odm iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-13 , futhi singenza umkhiqizo ngemidwebo yamakhasimende, futhi singakwazi ukupakisha ngokwezifiso ikhasimende.
Singakunikeza
Sikhetha izinto zokwakha ngokuya ngezidingo zokusetshenziswa komkhiqizo wakho.
Sinikeza amakhotheshini phakathi kwamahora angu-24 futhi sihlela ukuthunyelwa phakathi kwezinsuku ezingu-20-30.
Shiya umlayezo
Copyright © 2022 Liling xing tai long special ceramic co.,ltd Wonke Amalungelo Agodliwe.


text:
Utwayi lwabehluleli okukhalwa ngalo luya luvumbuka
UMfowakwaNomajalimane ungungoti wepolitiki nepolitiki yezomnotho. UnguMhleli Omkhulu noMshicileli weBayede.
Izinsolo zobuhlobo phakathi kwabehlulleli kanye nosopolitiki abathile zithunaza ezobulungiswa eNingizimu Afrika
Inyanga esikuyo imqoka emlandweni wepolitiki yakuleli. Nonyaka mhla zingama-27 kwephezulu izwe liqopha iminyaka engama-27 kwaba khona uhlelo lokuvota olubandakanya naboHlanga emuva kweminyaka bekhishwe ngenxa yemithetho yobandlululo. Ngandlela thize ngale nyanga izwe libungaza ukuvota okwazalwa yinqubo yedemokhrasi. Kule nqubo kukhona okwabe kumqoka, okuwukuguqula indlela yokubuswa kwezwe lisuka ekubusweni ngamandla ePhalamende kuya lapho izwi lokugcina livela eNkantolo yoMthethosisekelo.
Lolu kwaba wuguquko olunqala ngoba lasho ukuthi osopolitiki ePhalamende, okokuqala yonke imithetho abazoyishaya izobe yeluswa wuMthethosisekelo wezwe okwabe kuhlukile kuHulumeni wobandlululo lapho osopolitiki babekwazi ukushaya imithetho baphinde beluse ukusebenza kwayo, bengomagaya azidlele. Okwesibili sekuyiNkantolo YoMthethosisekelo esinamandla ukwedlula abashayimthetho. Konke lokhu kwenza injolozela ibe kule Nkantolo nakubehluleli ngokubanzi.
Lesi sinqumo sokuba kube zinkantolo ezigcinayo satuswa ngoba kwaba nethemba lokuthi wonke umuntu uyalingana phambi komthetho. Nokho izigameko zakamuva sezivuse imibuzo ekutheni uma kuwukuthi izinkantolo nabehluleli bangoheshe abaqaphe amatshwele okungosopolitiki nabantu jikelele, ngabe ngubani oqaphe uheshe?
Isethulo sakamuva nesenziwe nguMehluleli uMogoeng nayilapho edalule akubize ngesimanga esabehlelayo ngesikhathi lowo onguNgqongqoshe uMhlonishwa uGordhan ecela ukuhlangana naye ngasese. Kulokhu uMogoeng uthi wamangala ngoba kabazani noMhlonishwa kababona abangani kepha uthi izehlo zamehlela ngesikhathi uMhlonishwa esebuza ukuthi engabe ‘umngani’ wakhe izinto zimhambele kanjani.
Lo mngani okukhulunywa ngaye kwabe kunguMehluleli uDhayanithie “Dhaya” Pillay. Nguye uMehluleli uPillay owakhipha isinqumo esalahla owayenguMengameli uZuma odabeni oluthinta yena (uZuma) noMnu uDerrick Hanekom. Lesi sinqumo esalahla uZuma sahunyushwa ngabaningi kanye naye uZuma njengesicheme nabathile enhlanganweni ebusayo. UHanekom kulo mbango uyamaniswa noMhlonishwa uGordhan.
UMehluleli uPillay akakuphikanga ukuthi ungumngani noGordhan.
“Ngeshwa lobu wubungani engeke ngaziqhelalanisa nabo, sesibe ngabangani iminyaka.” Kule mpendulo umholi weqembu lesithathu kwaphikisayo, uMnu uMalema we-Econimc Freedom Fighters uthe: “Ngizokwethula lokhu emhlanganweni wabakhethiwe ukuthi awulutho ngaphandle kokuthi uyisishoshovu sepolitiki futhi asikufanele isikhundla esiphezulu. Uthatha uhlangathi futhi usuthathe uhlangathi lukaGordhan.”
Khona seziningi izigameko
Akukhona okokuqala kunombono nezinsolo zokuthi inkantolo thizeni noma umehluleli thizeni unokuxhumana nabaholi abathile ngaphandle kwenkantolo. Ngesikhathi salowo owayeyiSekela Mehluleli Omkhulu, uMehluleli uDikgang Moseneke wasolwa ngokuthi ucheme nowayenguMengameli uMbeki ngenxa yenkulumo ayethula emcibini eThekwini. Kule nkulumo uMoseneke waveza ukungabethembi ubuholi bukaZuma. Akugcinanga lapho njengoba ekhuluma emveni kokwehla esikhundleni uMoseneke wathi ngoZuma: “Sonke sibe ngamagwala asaze satshela lesi singuthunguthu ebesihleli laphaya, sizenza umengameli, (nimtshele) uyisilima, nibomtshela ukuthi akakwazi ukubhekana nemicabango ephezulu yokulwela inkululeko. Njengoba sihlulekile ukwenza lokho, eqinisweni sivumele ukuphalala okukhulu futhi abahlwempu bahaqwe ububha kakhulu.”
Abathile bamsola uMoseneke ngale nkulumo babuza ukuthi uma enemizwa enjena ngabe ukuhlala kakhe enkantolo akwenzanga yini “ukuchema” kwakhe kumenze athathe izinqumo ezingancikile emthethweni kepha emizweni yakhe. Omunye osolwayo nguMehluleli uZondo nosolwa “ngokudonswa ngekhala” yiqulu lalabo abalwela abelungu abangogombela kwesabo.
Bakhona nabasola uMehluleli uHlophe eWestern Cape ukuthi “ucheme” noZuma. Omunye okwaqala kuthiwa usekhikhini likaZuma nguMehluleli uMogoeng emuva kokuthi uMengameli uZuma eqoke yena kunoMoseneke. Oshicilelweni lwakamuva lweBAYEDE ngaphansi kwesihloko esithi: Ihlomela Ehlathini: Iyalolwa ezobhekiswa kubehluleli, omunye okwakhulunywa naye wathi ngabehluleli: “Bheka nje lapha eSifundankantolo saseGauteng ngaphansi kukaMehluleli uMlambo kwake kwakhona isikhathi uma nje amaqembu aphikisayo ikakhulu abeDemocartic Alliance befuna ukuphikisa izinqumo zikaHulumeni babeya khona. Uma sebenze njalo wase wazi ukuthi umphumela uzovuna abaphikisayo. Uma ungakukholwa lokho hamba uyobheka uhlu lwamacala uHulumeni adliwa kuwona ngaphansi kwalesiya Sifundankantolo.”
Enza isethulo ngesikhathi amalungu ePhalamende enanela inkulumongqangi kaMengameli yangomhla zili-11 kuNhlolanja, uMalema uthe ngabanye abehluleli kuleli: “Singeke siqhubeke sizibe izinsolo ezikhulayo futhi ezikholekayo manje zokuthi amanye amalungu aqavile kwezobulungiswa ayakhokhelwa yizakhiwo zogombela kwesakhe zabelungu.”
Waqhubeka wathi: “Abantu bazobavukela abehluleli asebengumthetho ngokwabo ababuye babe munye nosopolitiki. Nabehluleli nabo bangaphenywa. Abekho ngaphezu komthetho. Abezobulungiswa kufanele bazi ukuthi abawedluli uMthethosisekelo. Akukho okukhethekile okubanika amandla okucabanga ukuthi bangawuguqula uMthethosisekelo bese bethatha amalungelo abantu. Baziphikisa bona ekugwebeni kwabo ngoba becabanga ukuthi abathintwa bona.”
Lokhu kukhula kwezinsolo ngabehluleli abathile nezinkantolo kwenza izwe libe segcupheni yokungqubuzana kwezinkantolo nosopolitiki nokuyinto eyohlukumeza abantu ekugcineni.


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Inkampani yethu ibilokhu ihambisana nenqubomgomo yekhwalithi ethi "ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo iyisisekelo sokusinda kwebhizinisi, ukwaneliseka kwamakhasimende kuyisisekelo sebhizinisi, ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kuwukuphishekela kwaphakade kwabasebenzi" kanye nenhloso engaguquki "yedumela kuqala, ikhasimende kuqala" kuwo wonke amakhasimende ethu.Uma unentshisekelo kunoma yimiphi imikhiqizo yethu noma udinga ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nemikhiqizo yethu, sicela ukhululeke ngokuphelele ukuxhumana nathi.Ukuze siqhubeke sithuthukisa uhlelo lwethu lokuphatha, ngomthetho othi "ubuqotho, ukwethembeka kanye nekhwalithi kuyisisekelo sokuthuthukiswa kwebhizinisi", sithatha kabanzi ingqikithi yemikhiqizo ehlobene namazwe ngamazwe futhi sihlala sithuthukisa imikhiqizo emisha ukuhlangabezana nesidingo samakhasimende ethu sokusika izimoto. izingxenye ezisele.Sikholelwa ukuthi isevisi esheshayo nephrofeshinali ehlinzekwa ithilamu yethu yokuthengisa izojabulisa abathengi bethu.Sithemba ukuthi sizothola uphenyo lwakho futhi sisungule ubudlelwano besikhathi eside.
Samukela abathengi namabhizinisi ezentengiselwano avela emhlabeni wonke ukuthi axhumane nathi futhi afune ukubambisana ukuze bathole imivuzo efanayo.Umgomo wethu uwukuhlanganisa nokwenza ngcono ikhwalithi kanye nesevisi yezimpahla zethu ezikhona, kanye nokuthuthukisa imikhiqizo emisha ukuze ihlangabezane nezidingo ezihlukene zamakhasimende ahlukene wezingxenye eziyisipele ze-auto cutter.Inkampani yethu ihlale igxile ekuthuthukisweni kwezimakethe zamazwe ngamazwe.Sinamakhasimende amaningi eRussia, amazwe aseYurophu, USA, Middle East amazwe kanye namazwe ase-Afrika.Sihlala silandela ikhwalithi iyisisekelo futhi isevisi iyisiqinisekiso sokwanelisa wonke amakhasimende.
Ngezansi sabelana ngezinsimbi zethu eziyisipele ze-Lectra & Bullmer auto cutter:
Nganoma yiziphi ezinye izingxenye ozidingayo, zizwe ukhululekile ukusithumelela imibuzo ukuze uthole imininingwane eyengeziwe!
I-Bullmer Cutter Projektor 059091 / 064498 Spare Parts Esetshenziswa Emshinini we-D8002 7501
(I-Bullmer Cutter Projektor Engcono Kakhulu 059091 / 064498 Izingcezu Eziyisipele Ezisetshenziselwa I-D8002 7501 Umkhiqizi Womshini Nefekthri |Yimingda (yimingda-cutterparts.com))
I-Mounting Kit 064424 izingxenye eziyisipele ezisetshenziselwa umshini wokusika i-Bullmer D8002
(Ikhithi Yokukhweza Engcono Kakhulu 064424 Izingxenye Eziyisipele Ezisetshenziselwa Umkhiqizi Womshini Wokusika I-Bullmer D8002 Nefektri |Yimingda (yimingda-cutterparts.com))
100142 Steel Shaft Bullmer Auto Cutter Izingxenye Ezisetshenziselwe Umshini we-D8002
(Izingxenye ezihamba phambili ze-100142 Steel Shaft Bullmer Auto Cutter Spare ezisetshenziselwa Umkhiqizi Womshini kanye Nemboni ye-D8002 |Yimingda (yimingda-cutterparts.com))
I-130255 Cartridge Of Grease Cutter Parts Efanele I-Lectra Vector 2500 MH MX Cutter
(I-Cartridge engu-130255 Engcono Kakhulu Yezingxenye Zokusikwa Kwamafutha Ezifanele I-Lectra Vector 2500 MH MX Cutter Manufacturer kanye Nefekthri |Yimingda (yimingda-cutterparts.com))
137657 Izingxenye ze-Auto Cutter Steel Bolt Ezifanele Umshini Wokusika I-Lectra
(Izingxenye ezihamba phambili ze-137657 Auto Cutter Steel Bolt Ezifanele Umkhiqizi Womshini Wokusika we-Lectra kanye Nefekthri |Yimingda (yimingda-cutterparts.com))
Izinzuzo zeEyethuInkampani
1. Sineminyaka engaphezu kwengu-18 sabhekana nale mboni, futhi sinethimba lochwepheshe elizosiza ngazo zonke izidingo zamakhasimende ethu maduze.
2. Ukulethwa okusheshayo.Izimpahla zizolethwa phakathi kwamahora angu-2 nge-express international ngemva kokuthola inkokhelo.
3. Sihlinzeka ngezingxenye ezisele nezinto ezisetshenziswayo emazweni angaphezu kuka-120 nezinombolo zamabhizinisi.Ikhwalithi Yezingxenye Zethu iphezulu enconyiwe futhi inconywa amakhasimende ethu emhlabeni wonke
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-05-2022


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Qedela Uchungechunge Lwemikhiqizo
Njengomunye wabakhiqizi abahamba phambili be-valve e-China, i-COVNA ibilokhu igcizelela ku-R&D, ukuklama nokukhiqizwa kwama-valve kusukela ngo-2000, nokwandisa uchungechunge lomkhiqizo wayo ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zezimboni ezihlukahlukene futhi isize imboni ukuxazulula izixazululo zokulawula inqubo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, siphinde sinikeze uchungechunge olubanzi lwama-valve actuators ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zakho zokusebenza.Ama-actuator ahlukahlukene akusiza ukuthi ubone isilawuli kude futhi uthuthukise ukuthembeka kobunjiniyela.