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uDkt Magubane ufika eSoweto kade ehamba kwimigwaqo enguzigizeke. uPeter ubala amagquma ezikrebhe kanye nezindawo zokuqoqelwa kwamalahle okusebenza kuzo izingane ezisencane. Ubukhona bakhe benza indawo akuyo ibengeyakhe. Lona lolugqozi olwamholela ekutheni aveze isankahlo seminyaka yobandlululo lusamugqugquzela ukuba aveze izinkinga zalesisikhathi. uDkt Peter Magubane ushayela phakathi kwezikrebhuyadi zase Soweto.
Ithuna lokusansimbi. Kunemfucuza eningi esirasitile ezwakala emoyeni. uMagubane ubheka abafana abesebancane ngeminyaka abasebenza lapha. Bayasishiya isikole ukuze bakwazi ukuthi bahole okuncane ngisho amarandi amahlanu ngokuqokelela nokudayisa izikrebha. Abaningi babo badlala ukudoja isikole futhi abazi ukuthi imfundo ibaluleke kakngakanani,’ uyazama ukuchaza loludaba oluxakile. uMagubane uhlezi edlulela ngale kwe khamera ukusiza abantu abathwebulayo.
Ngokuhamba kweminyaka usesizile ukubuyisela abaningi abantwana abebebalekele amakhaya kubazali babo. Uyachaza ukuthi wayengaveli agxambukele kuze kube beza kuye ukuzocela usizo “Madala! Madala!" uma bemubiza “Ngifuna ukuya ekhaya” bahlanu kuphela kubantwana babafana namantombazane abangamashumi amathathu nanhlanu asebasizile abaphinde babuyela kwimpilo yasemgwaqeni.
Ufinyelela kwisitobhu sakhe esilandelayo. Singale komgwaqo wetiyela ongenela emalahlemi aseJabulani. Izintatshana zamaqoqwana amalahle zivimbela ukuba ubone indawo ezungezile. Izikwata zemikhukhu yezindlu zakhelwe phezu kovucu. Umama osemncane uneka izingubo ezigqamile elayinini, khona lapho umntwana womfana udlala kwixhaphozi lodaka.
Amakheji ezinkukhu ambondelene yonke indawo kukhona nezinkukhu ezimbalwa ezizulazulayo eziphunyukile, iphunga elimbi liphafuza emoyeni. liphuma ilanga ekuseni, abantu abasha bayaqala namafosholo ukulayisha amalahle asindayo ezinqoleni zezimbongolo ukuyothululwa ezindaweni zonke zase Soweto.
Ebusika imigqa yentuthu efuswa imililo yamalahle igcwala isibhakabhaka saleli lokishi. Kufudumele lapha futhi banayo indawo yokufihla ikhanda.
uMagubane uyajeqeza ebuka ewindini. Bayaxhashazwa kanti badla imbuya ngothi, ingxaki enkulu ebhekene nalezizingane namhlanje uyazizwela ukuthi ngale kokungabaza, imfundo. Ngaphandle kwemfundo ungenze lutho! indoda ecbukeka iyisidlakela iyamubona lomthwebulizithombe. ‘omunye wabafana bami lona’ kuchaza ngokumamatheka uMagubane. usesebenze lapha iminyaka.
‘kubuhlungu ukwazi ukuthi ummfana amuthwebula isithombe ngo 1970 nguye owamholela kwintsha yamanje esemalahleni. Usenabo abantu angaxhumana nabo ngakho uyawashiya lamaqele anezindunduma ukuya emigwaqeni eyithafa yase Zola, lapho amabhungu nanamatshitshi ehlobisa imigwaqo namapaki, udlula kancane ngakwesokhohlo owesifazane okhahlazekile oshayela inqola yesihlalo esihambayo


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KwakuyiSonto ekuseni uZahara wayedweba isithombe egumbini lakhe lokulala. Nqe nqe, kukhala insimbi yasemnyango ngaphambili. UZahara wagijima wayovula umnyango. Kwakuwugogo wakhe.
“Sawubona, Gogo,” kusho yena, emgona ugogo wakhe.
“Ngithenge inkukhu egazingiwe esuphamakethe,” kwasho uGogo. Inkukhu yayisephaketheni elimhlophe elikhulu futhi yayisafudumele ngenkathi uZahara eyithinta. Yayinuka kamnandi!
“Awu kwakuhle,” kusho unina kaZahara eza ngasemnyango. “Yibeke phezu kwekhawunta yasekhishini, sizoyidla ngesidlo sasemini.”
“Angisakwazi nokulinda size siyidle,” kwasho uZahara. “Inuka kamnandi bo.”
“Ake ngenze itiye,” kwasho uBaba esekhishini. “Nina nobathathu ningahlala kusofa ninethezeke. Yini ningabukeli umabonakude?
Ngaleso sikhathi uZahara wezwa kukhala umakhalekhukhwini kayise wabe esemuzwa ekhuluma ocingweni.
“Kudingeka ngiye emsebenzini,” kusho uBaba esebheke emnyango wangaphambili. “Ngizobuya emva kwesikhathi.”
UGogo noMama babebukele uhlelo lwabo oluyintandokazi kumabonakude.
“Uhambe kahle,” kusho uMama.
“Uhambe kahle,” kusho uGogo.
UZahara wayedweba. “Uhambe kahle, Baba,” kusho yena.
Masisha uhlelo lukaGogo noMama lwaphela kwabe sekuyisikhathi sesidlo sasemini. UMama waya ekhishini ukuyolanda isinkwa, isaladi nenkukhu egazingiwe. Wavula iphakethe, wakhipha inkukhu wayibeka epuletini. Hhayi bo! Amehlo kaMama avuleka aba makhulu wukwethuka. Kukhona okwakushoda! Umlenze owodwa wawungasekho.
“Zahara,” kubiza yena. “Woza la, manje nje.”
UZahara wayesazi ukuthi uma uMama embiza ngalelo zwi lakhe elithukuthele, kwakudingeka agijime. Ngokushesha, wabeka phansi ikhrayoni lakhe waphuthuma ekhishini. “Kwenzenjani, Mama?” kubuza yena.
“Uwena odle umlenze wenkukhu? Kukhona ovele wadephula umlenze wonke wenkukhu wawudla,” kusho uMama ekhomba inkukhu.
“Cha, Mama,” kusho uZahara. “Ngempela, akumina.”
“Uneqiniso lalokho?” kubuza uMama.
“Nginesiqiniseko ESIKHULU, Mama,” kusho uZahara ebukeka ekhathazekile.
UMama akabange esasho lutho olunye. Kunalokho, waphumela emnyango waya lapho uMalume uJoe wayelungisa khona imoto yakhe.
“Joe, uwena odle umlenze wenkukhu?” kubuza yena.
UMalume uJoe wayevulele umsakazo wakhe phezulu kakhulu. “Uthini?” kumemeza yena.
“UWENA NA ODLE UMLENZE WENKUKHU?” kumemeza uMama ezama ukugqiba umsakazo.
“Yebo, bandla, nami ngiyayicela inyama yenkukhu, nengilazi kadilinki futhi,” naye ememeza.
UMama wavele waphelelwa amandla. Waqonda esihlahleni sikamango esikhulu esasisekhoneni lengadi. Umfowabo kaZahara omncane, uDavid, nomngane wakhe omkhulu, uLebo, babedlala emagatsheni esihlahla.
“David,” kusho uMama, “uwena odle umlenze wenkukhu?”
“Hawu kwangcono, sekuyisikhathi sokudla?” kusho uDavid. “Silambe siyafa.”
“Uwena na odle umlenze wekhukhu?” kubuza uMama futhi ephinda.
“Cha, Mama,” kusho uDavid.
“Akazange,” kusho noLebo. “Thina selokhu sizidlalela la esihlahleni nje.”
UMama wabuyela endlini. UMama wayecasuke kakhulu. “Okusho ukuthi-ke akekho umuntu odle umlenze wenkukhu,” kusho yena. “Pho uphi?”
“Mhlawumbe usisi wasesuphamakethe uyena owuthathile,” kusho uZahara.
UMama washaya izandla. “Ngempela! Kwenzeke lokho! Usisi wasesuphamakethe odayisele uGogo le nkukhu kusho ukuthi uhlephule umlenze wawunikeza omunye umuntu.”
“Cha bo,” kwaphika uGogo. “Mina ngithe ngicela inkukhu ephelele egazingiwe. Ngikhokhele inkukhu ephelele egazingiwe, kodwa manje kukhona ayihlephulile. Manje asisenakho ukudla okwanele kwesidlo sasemini.” UGogo wavele wakhala.
UZahara kwamdabukisa ukubona uGogo ekhala naye wavele wakhala. NoMama wavele wakhala. Bobathathu bahlala phansi bakhala, bakhala.
UMama wafinya wesula amehlo akhe. “Ngeke nje kulunge!” kusho yena. “Amasuphamakethe awavunyelwe nje ukukwenza lokhu. Sizophindela khona esuphamakethe sibatshele ukuthi kufanele basinikeze enye inkukhu egazingiwe.”
Ngakho, uMama, uGogo noZahara baphikelela khona esuphamakethe, ngenkathi uMalume uJoe egade uDavid noLebo.
“Ngicela ukukhuluma nemenenja,” kusho uMama uma befika khona. Wayesekhuluma ngalelo lizwi lakhe lokuthukuthela, imenenja yafika isigijima.
“Ngingakusiza ngani, Nkosikazi?” kubuza yona.
“Kukhona othathe umlenze wenkukhu yethu!” kumemeza uMama, uGogo noZahara kanyekanye.
“Yisenzo esibi kabi leso,” kusho imenenja. “Ngizobiza usisi osebenza ekhawunteni yezinkukhu ezigazingiwe.” Wacosha umbhobho wokumemeza wasesitolo wathi, “Nkosazane Esebenza Ekhawunteni Yezinkukhu Ezigazingiwe, Nkosazane Esebenza Ekhawunteni Yezinkukhu Ezigazingiwe, ngicela uze ehhovisi lemenenja ngokushesha.”
UMama wayeshaya ngonyawo phansi elindile. Ngokushesha inkosazane esebenza ekhawunteni yezinkukhu ezigazingiwe yafika igijima. “Ngingakusiza?” kusho yona.
“Leli khasimende lithi uthathe umlenze wenkukhu yalo egazingiwe,” kusho imenenja.
“Cha bo, angizange,” kusho le nkosazane. “Ngifake inkukhu egazingiwe ephelele ephaketheni ngalinikeza uGogo.
“Cha, cha, cha, awuzange!” kusho uMama. “Mina ngithe uma ngivula isikhwama senkukhu efike ngaso ekhaya umlenze ubungasekho!”
Inkosazane le yaqhaqhazela yaphela. “Angizange ngiwuthathe, ngiqinisile. Angizange,” kusho yona.
Imenenja yayisithukuthele kakhulu. “Thathela laba bantu enye inkukhu egazingiwe manje nje,” yasho ngokubhavumula. “Gogo, ngizokunikeza enye inkukhu egazingiwe mahhala, nekhekhe likashololedi, ukuze ngikhombise ukuxolisa kwethu.”
Ngakho-ke, uMama, uGogo noZahara bagoduka nenkukhu egazingiwe ephelele esikhwameni esimhlophe, nekhekhe elikhulu likashokoledi lisebhokisini.
Uma befika ekhaya, uBaba wabe esebuyile emsebenzini. “Nivelaphi?” kubuza yena. “Kungani ningakasidli isidlo sasemini namanje?”
UZahara wamxoxela indaba yonke. Wamangala ukubona uBaba ebukeka ethukile.
“Hawe Ma,” kusho uBaba. “Ngaze ngayenza into embi. Yimina othathe umlenze wenkukhu ngenkathi ngihamba ngiya emsebenzini. Bengilambile, futhi nenkukhu beyinuka kamnandi.”
“Hawe,” kukhala uMama. “Ngifake loya muntu wabantu esuphamakethe enkingeni ngento engekho.”
“Futhi yimina engikunikeze lowo mcabango wokuthi uyena oyihlephulile,” kusho uZahara. “Hawu, bakithi!”
Ngakho-ke, uBaba, uMama, uGogo noZahara bapakisha inkukhu egazingiwe yesibili nekhekhe likashokoledi esikhwameni, bonke sebeqonde khona belu esuphamakethe. Uma befika khona, baqonda ehhovisi lemenenja.
Imenenja yakhathazeka uma iphinda ibabona – FUTHI! “Bakithi, sekwenzenjanike futhi manje?” yasho izicabangela yodwa. “Le nkosikazi izongithethisa futhi.”
Kodwa uMama akazange athethe.
“Siyaxolisa kakhulu,” kusho uMama, uGogo, uBaba noZahara.
“Bekuyiphutha lami,” kusho uBaba. “Bengilambile. Yimi othathe umlenze wenkukhu. Ngicela ubize usisi lo osebenza ekhawunteni yezinkukhu ezigazingiwe.”
Imenenja yacosha umbhobho wokubiza abasebenzi esitolo. “Nkosazane Esebenza Ekhawunteni Yezinkukhu Ezigazingiwe, Nkosazane Esebenza Ekhawunteni Yezinkukhu Ezigazingiwe, ngicela uze ehhovisi lemenenja ngokushesha.”
Inkosazane esebenza ekhawunteni yezinkukhu ezigazingiwe yabukeka yesaba lapho ibona uMama, uBaba, uGogo noZahara. “Ngiyacela bandla, ungangixoshi,” isho ibhekise kumenenja.
Kodwa uBaba wakhipha isikhwama sakhe semali wanikeza imenenja imali yenkukhu egazingiwe neyekhekhe likashokoledi. Wabe esenikeza inkosazane leyo isikhwama leso. “Mina, thatha,” kusho yena. “Ngiyaxolisa kakhulu ngokukufaka enkingeni. Ngicela uzithokozele lezi zinto.”
Inkosazane yajabula kakhulu ukuthola inkukhu nekhekhe kwesidlo sayo sasemini. Kodwa uZahara wajabha. “Umuphe lonke ikhekhe,” kusho yena.
Ngakho uBaba waphinde wakhipha isikhwama sakhe semali wathenga enye inkukhu egazingiwe nelinye ikhekhe likashokoledi.
Emva kwesidlo sasemini wonke umuntu wathola ucezu lwekhekhe – uMama, uBaba, uGogo, uMalume uJoe, uZahara, uDavid noLebo. Kodwa ucezu olukhulu kunazo zonke lwatholwa uZahara, ngoba phela uyena owayeyintombazane kaBaba yekhethelo

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Imvunulo yetshitshi
Njengoba ekuqaleni sibhunge ngokwembatha kwengane kanye namantombazane, njengamanje sesidlulela kwimvunulo yetshitshi. Itshitshi yintombazane esuke isiqala ukuhlosa iphuma amabele, esikhulile futhi esuke isithomba.
Itshitshi nalo njengentombazane limbatha umutsha kodwa-ke lona liwufaka nesigege umutsha. Isigege sithungwa ngobuhlalu sibe isibebana. Itshitshi umutsha liwubhinca phezukwe kweqweqwana elibizwa ngepensee. Ipense lona lakhiwa ngamagxolo esihlahla umthombe. Lamagxolo ayaxetshulwa emva kwalokho agxotshwe, mase ayachaywa lamagxolo ukuze abe izintambo. Kwesinye isikhathi kusetshenziswa unomndindi owakhiwa ngezindwangu zesimanje ezafika nabamhlophe.
Unomndindi nawo ogqokwa itshitshi, uyalukwa ngodakazane, uphinde uhlotshiswe ngamaqanda emphethweni. Amatshitshi nawo ahlukene, khona asejutshiwe nangokujutshwa, mase kuthi ke amapense lawa esesike sabhunga ngawo abawagqoka itshitshi elingakaphothi. Wonke amatshitshi ngokuhlukana kwawo ayawaveza amabele angawafihli ngalutho, ngoba ngokwesintu ukufihla amabele kusho ukuthi leyontombi izithwele noma ikhululelwe.
NgesiZulu umuntu onengane kuphela ongawavezi amabele, ngoba uma umuntu onengane eveze amabele usuke ezithele ngehlazo izintombi zendawo. Amabele abesithwa noma embathiswa isiphuku ukuwafihla.
Isiphuku lesi ingubo yakuqala eyayimbathwa, yayakhiwa ngesikhumba senkomo, esembuzi noma ngesikhumba sezinyamazane zasendle. Uma sakhiwa kubulawa leyonyamazane noma kuhlatshwe lesosilwane sasekhaya mase kushukwa isikhumba salesosilwane sisemanzi singakomi noma singakaqini sibe uqhotho.
Isiphuku lesi siyambathwa noma kubanda noma ke kunemikhosi yesintu ethile ebungazwayo. Esamakhosi siyahluka kwesabantukazana. Ezamakhosi zakhiwa ngesikhumba sezinyamazane ngenjebhubesi noma ingwe, mase kuthi ezawo wonke umuntu zona zakhiwa ngesikhumba sezimbuzi, izimvu kanye nezinkomo.
Konke lokhu kwakusetshenziswa njengezembatho ezazigqokwa izindwangu zingakafiki nabamhlophe futhi lezembatho namanje zisahlonishwa noma-ke seziyivela kancane ngoba izikhathi sezishintshile.
Brief overview
As one highlighted earlier in the previous articles, traditional attires differ based on age and life stages. This article looks at what young girls wear who are in their late adolescence. Itshitshi is a girl that is already at the adolescence stage, in which like a young girl she still wears umutsha which we have elaborated about earlier, but it is accompanied by isigege that has beads. Isigege is worn with another material called ipense which is made of the tree bark called umthombe. This tree bark is stamped with hard iron and made to be a rope which will be used on a girls waist.
The other additional material that was used is isiphuku, which is a cloth made up of cow or goat skin that has been processed just after that cow has been slaughtered and is still blood-soaked.
This cloth was also worn when it was cold as it was enough to shelter for the cold. One also has to highlight that the skin used for isiphuku for the ordinary people is different from the one the king wear. The one worn by the king is made of leopard and lion skin, whereas the general public wears the one made from domestic animals’ skin.
Siboniso Langa is a content generator, researcher and practising poet. His work focuses on Zulu oral and material culture, its promotion and preservation. He holds an Honours degree in Community and Development studies from the University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN).


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Isinguqunguqu ipolitiki yamazwe ngamazwe omhlaba
IYA ngokuguquka ipolitiki yamazwe ngamazwe lokhu kulandela izigameko zakamuva ezenzeke ezifundazweni ezehlukene. Lokhu kuguquka sekudale umcindiswano yize usengumshoshaphansi, phakathi kwamazwe nabaholi abehlukene. Ezwenikazi i-Europe kubonakala kushintsha izandla njengoba lowo obethwathwa ngomholi wamazwe ase-Europe uShansela u-Angela Merkel waseGermany esehlehlelwa zikhuni. Lo mholi ubaziwa ngokuthi kugcina izwi lakhe ezindabeni ezithinta amazwe akuleli lizwekazi. Lokhu kugqame kakhulu ngesikhathi epheka ngobhojwana iGreece eyabe isenkingeni yezimali. Imiphumela yokhetho lwaseGermany ibukeka imkhedamisile lo mholi ngoba kuphele izinyanga leliya lizwe lingenaye uhulumeni ngenxa yokungabi nokuvimelana phakathi kweqembu lakhe iChristian Democratic Union of Germany kanye namaSocial Democratic Party (SPD).
Kusuka lapho lo mholi osenehlandla lokugcina ube buthaka. Isikhundla sakhe sokuhola i-Europe kubukeka sizothathwa ngumholi waseFrance uMnu u-Emmanuel Macron njengoba amaNgisi nawo esaxakwe wutwayi lokuphuma ngaphansi kwe-European Union. Nakhona izinto zimapeketwane njengoba uNdunankulu uTerresa May ebukeka engenamandla njengoba iziphakamiso zakhe ePhalamende sezehlulwe amahlandla amabili okuyinto emenza abukeke ebuthaka. Olunye uguquko lubonakala odabeni oluthinta isivumelwano se-Iran kanye namazwe asentshonalanga ngonyaka we-2015. Lesi sivumelwane ngezikhali zenuzi sasayinwa ngesikhathi sokubusa kukaMnu u-Obama e-USA nokuthe angaphuma uMengameli omusha walibeka ngembaba ukuthi yena uzosichitha. Nokho kubukeka kungelula kangakho njengoba amazwe ayeyingxenye yalesi sivumelwane okuyiBritain, iFrance neGermany bethi bona basamile kulesi sivunelwano.
Lapha kakwaziwa ukuthi iyozala nkomoni njengoba uMengameli wase-USA encelisa amawele. Ngakolunye uhlangothi unesifiso sokuba nobuhlobo namazwe ase-Europe kanti ngakolunye uhlangothi ufuna ukuba muhle kubahlobo be-USA, i-Israel. Amazwe i-Israel ne-Iran yinkukhu nempaka. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uyanakwa ukwedlula abanye umholi wakwa-Israel uBenjamin Netanyahu wenze okungejwayelekile ngesokhathi ebiza abezindaba ebatshengisa lokho akubize “njengobufazi” bokuthi i-Iran yasenga ezomithiyo nxa ingena esivumelwaneni. Konke lokhu kubukeka kungalethanga mehluko ngoba amazwe enza isivumelwano ne-Iran ngaphandle kwe-USA azibophezele esivumelwaneni. Esitatimendeni esikhishwe yiHhovisi likaNdunankulu uMay la mazwe athe asamile kulokho avumelana ngakho. Ngokusho kwesitatimende uMay ushayele ucingo abaholi baseFrance naseGermany nayilapho bevumelene khona ukuthi isivumelwano sizoqhubeka kwengeze nokunye okungenzeka ukuthi kuyadingeka. Ne-USA izwakale isimathintanyawo ekutheni ayifuni ukuzwa lutho ngesivumelwane.
Ekhuluma esitimeleni sokungcebeleka eMiddle East ngesonto uMike Pompeo uthe iWashington izolulaxaza olwenuzi ngaphandle uma izingxoxo nabalingani base- Europe zisimama. “Sesihambe ibangana nabase-Europe,” ephawula. “Kusenomsebenzi okufanele wenziwe. Bathe, ‘Kuhle sizokweseka uma kutholakala ikhambi.” INorth Korea iguqule umdlalo Uguquko olukhulu lubonakale eNorth Korea lapho umholi wakhona uKim Jong Un obeliqaqa kuthangi namuhla esephenduke inoni kubaholi bamazwe kanye nabezidaba. UMengameli u-Un uqale into ebingalindelwe muntu, ukubuyisana phakathi kweNorth Korea kanye neSouth Korea. Lokhu kwenzeke emuva kwemizamo yomengameli nabaholi bamazwe ehlukene. Ephawula ngalokhu ungoti uTravis Jeppesen uveze ukuthi abaholi bala mazwe baqale into ekade kwasa beyifisa nathe sekulele ezakhamuzini ukuba zidonsa zibhekise ngalapho laba baholi belibangise khona, nokuwukuletha uxolo, ukuthula kanye nokusebenzisana kula mazwe womabili.
“Kufanele sikubonge ukuhlangana kwalaba baholi njengoba la mazwe abengabhekani kusuka ngowe-1945. Sifisa ukukushayela izandla lokhu ngethemba lokuthi zonke izingqinamba nezinkinga la mazwe abhekene nazo, kuzoshabalala kuqhutshekwe nempilo,” usho kanje uJeppesen. Okutuswa kakhulu yindlela uMengameli waseNorth Korea enze ngayo. Phezulu eqhulwini wukuba nomhlangano noMengameli waseSouth Korea nokugcine ngokuthi aphimise elokuthi impi phakathi kwala mazwe womabili isiphelile. Akagcinanga lapho kepha usondeze isikhondlakhondla esiyiChina eduze kwakhe ukuze athi lapho eyohlangana noTrump angabi lula. Lokhu kube wubuhlakani ngoba wazi kamhlophe ukuthi iSouth Korea ihambisana ne-USA neJapan. Omunye umhlobo azomvulela umnyango yiRussia nazi kahle ukuthi uma ephethe yona neChina uyobe enamalungu amqoka eNhlanganweni Yezizwe ikakhulukazi kuMkhandlu Wezokuphepha.
Yize uTrump engazigonya isifuba athi nguye owenze kube nezingxoxo iqiniso lithi ophumelele lapha nguMengameli waseNorth Korea okwazile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izwe lakhe liba setafuleni lezingxoxo okuyinto akade eyilangazelele. Umdonsiswano weRussia nawasenthsonalanga awukazi kuphela kepha uzokwenza amazwe omhlaba aphoqeleke ukuba akhethe izinhlangothi ngengoba kwakunajlo njengazekhathi zempi ayi yilwa buthule (cold war) nayilapho umhlaba wahlukana phakathi kukhona abaseka i-USA nalabo abaseka iRussia.


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Ezikhathini eziningi, lapho bexoxa ngephuzu elithile elisha noma elikhona elivela embhalweni noFakazi KaJehova (i-JW), bangavuma ukuthi akunakusungulwa okuvela eBhayibhelini noma ukuthi akunangqondo ngokomBhalo. Ukulindela ukuthi i-JW okukhulunywa ngayo ingahle icabangele ukukhombisa kabusha noma ukuhlola kabusha izimfundiso zokholo. Esikhundleni salokho, impendulo evamile ithi: "Ngeke silindele ukuthi yonke into ilunge, kepha ngubani omunye owenza umsebenzi wokushumayela". Umbono ngukuthi ama-JWs kuphela enza umsebenzi wokushumayela kuwo wonke amahlelo obuKristu, nokuthi lolu uphawu olukhomba ubuKristu beqiniso.
Uma kuphakama iphuzu lokuthi emasontweni amaningi abantu bayaphuma bayoshumayela ezikhungweni zedolobha, noma ngamapheshana ezincwadi, njll. Impendulo kungenzeka ukuthi: “Kepha ubani umsebenzi wendlu ngendlu?”
Uma bephonselwa inselelo yokuthi kusho ukuthini lokhu, khona-ke incazelo akekho omunye owenza inkonzo "yendlu ngendlu". Lokhu sekube "wuphawu lokuhweba" lwama-JWs kusukela engxenyeni yesibili yama-20th ikhulu kuze kube manje.
Emhlabeni jikelele, ama-JWs anikezwe igunya (isichasiso esivame ukusetshenziswa, "siyakhuthazwa") ukuthi sihlanganyele kule ndlela yokushumayela. Isibonelo salokhu sinikezwa endabeni yokuphila elandelayo kaJacob Neufield ethathwe ku INqabayokulinda ka-September 1st, 2008, ikhasi 23:
"Kungekudala ngibhapathizwe, umndeni wami wanquma ukuthuthela eParaguay, eSouth America, futhi umama wanginxusa ukuba ngihambe. Nganqikaza ngoba ngidinga ukuqhutshelwa isifundo seBhayibheli nokuqeqeshwa. Lapho ngivakashele ihhovisi legatsha loFakazi BakaJehova eWiesbaden, ngahlangana no-August Peters. Ungikhumbuze ngesibopho sami sokunakekela umndeni wami. Unginikeze lo myalo: “Noma ngabe kwenzekani, ungalokothi ukhohlwe inkonzo yendlu ngendlu. Uma wenza kanjalo, uzoba njengamalungu enye nenye inkolo yeLobukholwa. ”Kuze kube namuhla, ngiyakubona ukubaluleka kwalelo seluleko nesidingo sokushumayela“ endlini ngendlu, ”noma endlini ngendlu. — 1 Joh.IzEnzo 20:20, 21" (okubhalwe ngokugqamile).
Ukushicilelwa kwakamuva okunesihloko UMbuso KaNkulunkulu Uyabusa! (2014) ithi kusesahluko 7 isigaba 22:
"Azikho izindlela esizisebenzisile ukufinyelela izithameli ezinkulu, njengamaphephandaba, i- “Photo-Drama,” izinhlelo zomsakazo kanye nengosi ye-Web, okwenzelwe ukuthi zingene esikhundleni sale inkonzo yendlu ngendlu. Kungani kungenjalo? Ngoba abantu bakaJehova bafunde esibonelweni esabekwa uJesu. Wenza okungaphezu kokushumayeza izixuku ezinkulu; wagxila ekusizeni abantu abathile. (ULuka 19: 1-5) UJesu wabuye waqeqesha abafundi bakhe ukuba benze okufanayo, futhi wabanikeza umyalezo wokuthi babasondeze. (Funda ULuka 10: 1, 8-11.) Njengoba kuxoxwe ngazo Isahluko 6, abaholayo ngaso sonke isikhathi baye bakhuthaza inceku ngayinye kaJehova ukuba ikhulume nabantu ubuso nobuso. ” -Izenzo 5: 42; 20: 20”(I-boldface ingeziwe).
Lezi zindima ezimbili zibonisa ukubaluleka okunikezwa enkonzweni “yendlu ngendlu”. Eqinisweni, lapho kuhlaziywa umzimba wezincwadi ze-JW, kuvame ukusho ukuthi kuwuphawu lobuKristu beqiniso. Ezigabeni ezimbili ezingenhla, kunamavesi amabili asemqoka asetshenziselwa ukusekela lo msebenzi, Izenzo 5: 42 ne-20: 20. Le ndatshana, kanye nalokhu ezimbili ezizolandela kuzohlaziya isisekelo esingokomBhalo salokhu kuqonda, kusicubungula kule mibono elandelayo:
- Ama-JW afika kanjani kule ncazelo evela eBhayibhelini;
- Okushiwo ngamagama esiGreki ahunyushwe ngokuthi “indlu ngendlu”;
- Ukuthi “indlu ngendlu” kuyafana yini “nomuzi nomuzi”;
- Ezinye izindawo emBhalweni lapho la magama zenzeka ngenhloso yokuqonda kangcono okushiwo yizo;
- Ukuhlolwa okusondele kakhulu kwabafundi beBhayibheli okukhulunywe ngakho ekusekeleni ukubukwa kweJW;
- Ukuthi incwadi yeBhayibheli, Izenzo Zabaphostoli, wembula amaKristu ekhulu lokuqala esebenzisa le ndlela yokushumayela.
Kulesi sihloko, INew World Translation of the Holy Scriptures 1984 Reference Edition (NWT) kanye ne I-Revised Study Bible ye2018 (RNWT) izosetshenziswa. Lawa maBhayibheli anemibhalo yaphansi efuna ukuchaza noma ukucacisa ukuhunyushwa kwe “endlini ngendlu”. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i IKingdom Interlinear Translation of the Greek Scriptures (I-KIT 1985) izosetshenziswa ukuqhathanisa ukunikezwa okusetshenzisiwe ekuhumusheni kokugcina. Zonke lezi zingafinyeleleka ku-inthanethi ku- I-JW Online LIbrary. [i]
Incazelo Eyingqayizivele Ye-JWs Yokuthi “Indlu Ngendlu”
Encwadini 'Ukunikeza Ubufakazi Obuphelele' NgoMbuso KaNkulunkulu (eshicilelwe yi-WTB & TS - Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania, 2009) ukuphawula kwevesi nevesi ngale ncwadi Izenzo Zabaphostoli ithi okulandelayo kumakhasi 169-170, izigaba 14-15:
“Phambi Kwendlu Nendlu” (Izenzo 20: 13-24)
14 UPaul neqembu lakhe basuka eTrowa baya e-Asos, badlulela eMitylene, eChios, eSamos naseMilethu. Inhloso kaPaul bekuwukufika eJerusalema ngesikhathi soMkhosi wePhentekhosti. Ukujaha kwakhe ukufika eJerusalema ngePhentekhosti kuyachaza ukuthi kungani akhetha umkhumbi owadlula e-Efesu kulolo hambo lokubuya. Njengoba uPawulu ayefuna ukukhuluma nabadala base-Efesu, wacela ukuthi bahlangane naye eMilethu. (Izenzo 20: 13-17) Lapho befika, uPawulu wathi kubo: “Nazi kahle ukuthi kusukela ngosuku lokuqala lokungena esifundeni sase-Asiya nganginani sonke isikhathi, ngisebenzela iNkosi ngokuzithoba okukhulu kakhulu kwengqondo nezinyembezi nezilingo ezangehlelayo ngamaqhinga amaJuda; kuyilapho angigodlanga ukukutshela noma yiziphi izinto ezazinenzuzo noma ukukufundisa obala nasendlini ngendlu. Kepha ngafakaza ngokuphelele kumaJuda nakumaGreki ngokuphenduka kuNkulunkulu nokukholwa kwiNkosi yethu uJesu. ”- Izenzo 20: 18-21.
15 Kunezindlela eziningi zokufinyelela abantu ngezindaba ezinhle namuhla. NjengoPaul, silwela ukuya lapho abantu bakhona, kungaba sezitobhini zamabhasi, emigwaqweni ephithizelayo, noma ezimakethe. Noma kunjalo, ukuya endlini ngendlu kuseyindlela eyinhloko esetshenziswa oFakazi BakaJehova. Ngani? Kokunye, ukushumayela endlini ngendlu kunikeza bonke ithuba elanele lokuzwa isigijimi soMbuso njalo, ngaleyo ndlela kubonisa ukungakhethi kukaNkulunkulu. Kuvumela futhi abanhliziyo ziqotho ukuthola usizo lomuntu siqu kuye ngezidingo zabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inkonzo yendlu ngendlu yakha ukholo nokukhuthazela kwalabo abahlanganyela kuyo. Ngempela, uphawu lwamaKristu eqiniso namuhla intshiseko yawo ekufakazeni “obala nasendlini ngendlu.” (I-Boldface ingeziwe)
Isigaba 15 sikubeka ngokusobala ukuthi indlela eyinhloko yokusebenza "indlu nendlu". Lokhu kususelwa ekufundweni kweZenzo 20: 18-21 lapho uPaul esebenzisa amagama athi “… ngikufundisa obala nasendlini ngendlu…” OFakazi bakuthatha lokhu njengobufakazi obugcwele bokuthi ukushumayela kwabo endlini ngendlu kwakuyindlela eyinhloko esetshenzisiwe ikhulu lokuqala. Uma kunjalo, kungani-ke ukushumayela “obala”, uPawule akhuluma ngakho ngaphambi “kwendlu ngendlu”, kungathathwa njengeyona ndlela eyinhloko, ngaleso sikhathi namanje?
Phambilini kuzEnzo 17: 17, ngenkathi uPawulu ese-Athene, uthi, "Ngakho-ke waqala ukubonisana esinagogeni namaJuda nabanye abantu ababekhonza uNkulunkulu futhi nsuku zonke emakethe nalabo ababekhona. ”
Kule ndaba, inkonzo kaPawulu isendaweni yomphakathi, esinagogeni kanye nasemakethe. Akushiwo ukuthi kushunyayelwa endlini ngendlu noma endlini ngendlu. (Engxenyeni 3 yalolu chungechunge lwezihloko, kuzoba nokuhlolwa okuphelele kwazo zonke izilungiselelo zenkonzo ezivela encwadini Izenzo Zabaphostoli.) Isigaba siqhubeka nokwenza ezinye izimangalo ezine.
Okokuqala, ukuthi "kubonisa ukungakhethi kukaNkulunkulu ” ngokunikeza bonke ithuba elanele lokuzwa umyalezo njalo. Lokhu kufinyelela ukuthi kukhona ukusatshalaliswa ngisho kwama-JWs emhlabeni wonke kususelwa kwizilinganiso zabantu. Lokhu akusilo neze njengoba kuboniswe ngisho nokuhlolwa okuvamile Incwadi Yonyaka ze-JWs[Ii]. Amazwe ahlukene anokulinganisa okuhluke kakhulu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abanye bangathola ithuba lokuzwa lo myalezo amahlandla ayisithupha ngonyaka, abanye kanye ngonyaka, kanti abanye abakaze bawuthole lowo myalezo. Kungenzeka kanjani ukuthi uNkulunkulu angakhethi ngale ndlela? Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu bavame ukucelwa ukuthi bathuthele endaweni enezidingo ezinkulu. Lokhu kukodwa kukhombisa ukuthi zonke izindawo azimboziwe ngokulinganayo. (Isidingo sokuthuthukisa umqondo wokuthi ukushunyayelwa kwama-JWs kuwukubonakaliswa kokungakhethi kukaJehova kuvela emfundisweni yokuthi bonke abangasabeli ekushumayeleni kwabo bayokufa ingunaphakade e-Armagedoni. Lokhu kungumphumela ongenakugwenywa wemfundiso engekho emiBhalweni maqondana nezinye izimvu kaJohane 10:16. Bheka uchungechunge olunezingxenye ezintathu “Kusondela iSikhumbuzo se2015"Ukuze uthole olunye ulwazi.)
Okwesibili, "Abanhliziyo ziqotho bathola usizo lomuntu siqu kuye ngezidingo zabo". Ukusetshenziswa kwethemu “Abanhliziyo ziqotho” ilayishwe kakhulu. Kusho ukuthi labo abalalelayo bathembekile ezinhliziyweni zabo kanti labo abangalaleli, banezinhliziyo ezingathembekile. Umuntu angahle abe nokuhlangenwe nakho okunzima okwamanje lapho ama-JW eqhamuka futhi angabi sesimweni esifanele sokulalela. Umuntu angaba nezinselelo zempilo yengqondo, izingqinamba zezomnotho nokunye. Zonke lezi zinto zingaba nomthelela ekungabikho esimeni esifanelekile ukulalela. Lokhu kuyikhombisa kanjani imfanelo yokwethembeka ezinhliziyweni zabo? Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenzeka ukuthi i-JW eza kumninikhaya inendlela engemnandi, noma inganaki isimo sayo esobala ngokungazi. Noma umuntu enquma ukulalela futhi aqale uhlelo lokufunda, kwenzekani lapho engatholi izimpendulo ezanelisayo zombuzo noma engavumelani nephuzu elithile bese ekhetha ukusivala isifundo? Ingabe lokho kusho ukuthi abathembekile? Ukusobala ukuthi kunzima ukukuxhasa, kulula kakhulu futhi ngaphandle kokusekelwa okungokomBhalo.
Okwesithathu, "inkonzo yendlu ngendlu yakha ukholo nokukhuthazela kwalabo abahlanganyela kuyo ”. Akukho ncazelo enikezwayo yokuthi lokhu kufezwa kanjani, futhi asikho isisekelo sombhalo esinikeziwe sesitatimende. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma umsebenzi wokushumayela ungowabantu ngabanye, imvamisa abantu bangase bangabi bikho ekhaya lapho ama-JWs ebabiza. Ukungqongqoza eminyango engenalutho kusiza kanjani ekwakheni ukholo nokukhuthazela? Ukholo lwakhiwe kuNkulunkulu naseNdodaneni yakhe, uJesu. Ngokuqondene nokukhuthazela, kuba khona lapho sibhekana ngokuphumelelayo nosizi noma ukuvivinywa ngempumelelo. (KwabaseRoma 5: 3)
Ekugcineni, "uphawu lwamaKristu eqiniso namuhla intshiseko yawo ekufakazeni esidlangalaleni nasendlini ngendlu. ” Akunakwenzeka ukuchaza lesi sitatimende ngokomBhalo futhi kugomela ngokuthi wuphawu lokuhweba lwamaKristu eqiniso kundiza phambi kwesisho sikaJesu kuJohane 13: 34-35 lapho uphawu olukhomba abafundi bakhe beqiniso luthando.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ku INqabayokulinda ka-July 15th, I-2008, amakhasi 3, 4 ngaphansi kwendatshana ebizwa ngokuthi yi-Article "Inkonzo Ngendlu Ngendlu — Kungani Ibalulekile Manje? ” sithola esinye isibonelo sokubaluleka okunamathiselwe kulenkonzo. Nazi izigaba 3 ne4 ngaphansi kwesihlokwana "Indlela Yabaphostoli":
3 Indlela yokushumayela endlini ngendlu isekelwe emiBhalweni. Lapho uJesu ethuma abaphostoli ukuba bayoshumayela, wabayala: “Kunoma yimuphi umuzi noma umzana eningena kuwo, funani ukuthi ngubani ofanelekayo kuwo.” Babezofuna kanjani abafanelekayo? UJesu wabatshela ukuba baye emizini yabantu, ethi: “Lapho ningena endlini, bingelelani abendlu; futhi uma indlu ifanele, ukuthula okufisela kona makufinyelele kuyo. ”Ingabe babezovakasha bengakasimisanga ngaphambili? Phawula amanye amazwi kaJesu: “Nomaphi lapho umuntu engakukhulumi futhi angawalaleli amazwi akho, lapho uphuma kuleyo ndlu noma kulowo muzi unya uthuli ezinyaweni zakho.” (Math. 10: 11-14) Le miyalo icacisa. ukuthi njengoba abaphostoli “bedabula insimu besiya emzaneni othile, bememezela izindaba ezinhle,” babefanele bathathe isinyathelo sokuhambela abantu emakhaya abo. — Luka 9: 6.
4 IBhayibheli likhuluma ngokuqondile ukuthi abaphostoli babeshumayela endlini ngendlu. Ngokwesibonelo, izEnzo 5:42 zithi ngabo: “Nsuku zonke ethempelini nasendlini ngendlu baqhubeka ngaphandle kokuyekethisa befundisa futhi bememezela izindaba ezinhle ngoKristu, uJesu.” Eminyakeni engaba ngu-20 kamuva, umphostoli uPawulu wakhumbuza amadoda amadala ebandla lase-Efesu: “Angigodlanga ukunitshela noma yini ezintweni eziyinzuzo nokunifundisa obala nasendlini ngendlu.” Ingabe uPawulu wabavakashela labo badala ngaphambi kokuba babe amakholwa? Ngokusobala kunjalo, ngoba phakathi kwezinye izinto wabafundisa “ngokuphenduka kuNkulunkulu nokholo eNkosini yethu uJesu.” (IzEnzo 20:20, 21) Ikhuluma ngeZenzo 20:20, i-Word Pictures in the New Testament kaRobertson ithi: “Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi lo mshumayeli omkhulu kunabo bonke wayeshumayela endlini ngendlu.”
Esigabeni 3, kusetshenziswa uMathewu 10: 11-14 ukusekela inkonzo yendlu ngendlu. Ake sifunde lesi sigaba ngokugcwele[Iii]. Ithi:
“Kunoma yimuphi umuzi noma umzana eningena kuwo, funani ukuthi ngubani ofanelekayo kulo, nihlale lapho nize nimuke. 12 Uma ungena endlini, bingelela abendlu. 13 Uma indlu ifanele, ukuthula okufisayo makube phezu kwayo; kodwa uma kungafanele, ukuthula okuvela kuwe makubuyele kini. 14 Nomaphi lapho umuntu enganamukeli, engalaleli amazwi enu, lapho niphuma kuleyo ndlu noma kulowo muzi, nivuthulule uthuli ezinyaweni zenu. ”
Kuvesi 11, isigaba sishiya amagama athi “… bese uhlala lapho uze uhambe.” Emphakathini wosuku lukaJesu, ukungenisa izihambi kwakubaluleke kakhulu. Lapha abaPhostoli babengabazi “edolobheni noma emzaneni” futhi babezofuna indawo yokuhlala. Bayaliwe ukuthi bathole le ndawo yokuhlala futhi bahlale bodwa, banganyakazi. Uma uFakazi efuna ngempela ukulandela iseluleko seBhayibheli futhi asebenzise umongo wamazwi kaJesu, wayengeke angene indlu ngendlu lapho esethole umuntu ofanelekayo olalelayo.
Esigabeni 4, Izenzo 5: 42 ne-20: 20, 21 bacashunwe ngokuchazwa kwencazelo. Kanye nalokhu, isicaphuna kusuka Izithombe ZikaRobertson eTestamenteni eNtsha kuhlinzekiwe. Manje sizohlola la mavesi amabili sisebenzisa i I-NWT Reference Bible 1984 kanye ne I-RNWT I-Study Edition 2018 futhi I-Kingdom Interlinear Translation of the Greek Greek 1985. Lapho sicubungula la maBhayibheli, kunemibhalo yaphansi equkethe izikhombo abahlaziyi beBhayibheli abahlukahlukene. Sizobheka abahlaziyi ngokwesimo futhi uthole isithombe esivelele ngokuchazwa kwe “ndlu ngendlu” ngama-JWs esihlokweni esilandelayo, Ingxenye 2.
Ukuqhathaniswa kwamagama esiGreki Ahunyushwe ngokuthi “Indlu Ngendlu”
Njengoba kuxoxwe phambilini kunamavesi amabili asetshenziswa yi-JW theology ukusekela inkonzo yendlu ngendlu, Izenzo 5: 42 kanye 20: 20. Igama elihunyushwe ngokuthi "indlu ngendlu" lithi katʼ oi'kon. Kumavesi amabili angenhla nakuZenzo 2:46, ukwakheka kohlelo kuyafana futhi kusetshenziswe nobunye obusolayo ngomqondo wokusabalalisa. Kumavesi amane asele lapho kwenzeka khona - KwabaseRoma 16: 5; 1 KwabaseKhorinte 16:19; KwabaseKolose 4:15; Filemoni 2 — leli gama liyasetshenziswa kodwa hhayi ekwakhiweni kohlelo olufanayo. Igama ligqanyisiwe futhi lathathwa ku-KIT (1985) eshicilelwe yi-WTB & TS futhi iboniswe ngezansi:
Izindawo ezintathu Kat oikon ihunyushwe ngomqondo ofanayo wokuhlukanisa.
Izenzo 20: 20
Izenzo 5: 42
Izenzo 2: 46
Umongo wokusetshenziswa kwamagama ngakunye kubalulekile. KuzEnzo 20:20, uPaul useMileto futhi Abadala base-Efesu beze ukuzomhlangabeza. UPawulu unikeza amazwi okuyala nokukhuthaza. Ukusuka kula mazwi nje, akunakwenzeka ukuthi sithi uPawulu waya endlini ngendlu emsebenzini wakhe wenkonzo. Indima ekuZenzo 19: 8-10 inikeza umlando oningiliziwe wenkonzo kaPawulu e-Efesu. Lithi:
Engena esinagogeni, okwezinyanga ezintathu wakhuluma ngesibindi, enikeza izinkulumo futhi ebonisana ngokukholisayo ngoMbuso kaNkulunkulu.9 Kodwa lapho abanye ngenkani benqaba ukukholwa, bekhuluma kabi ngeNdlela phambi kwezixuku, wasuka kubo wahlukanisa abafundi nabo, enikeza izinkulumo nsuku zonke ehholo lesikole laseTyrenasino. 10 Lokhu kwenzeka iminyaka emibili, ukuze bonke abahlala esifundeni sase-Asiya balizwe izwi leNkosi, amaJuda namaGreki. ”
Lapha kuchazwe ngokusobala ukuthi bonke abahlala esifundazweni bathole umyalezo ngezinkulumo zakhe zansuku zonke ehholo laseTirannus. Futhi, akukho lapho kushiwo ngenkonzo “yophawu lwentengiso” kaPawulu ehilela ukushumayela endlini ngendlu. Uma kukhona, "uphawu lwentengiso" olushiwo kufanele lube nemihlangano yansuku zonke noma ejwayelekile lapho abantu bengangena futhi balalele izinkulumo. E-Efesu, uPawulu waya emhlanganweni wamasonto onke eSynagogue wezinyanga ze-3 kwathi emva kweminyaka emibili waba sehholo lesikole laseTirannus. Akukho ukushiwo komsebenzi wendlu ngendlu kunikezwa kuzEnzo 19 phakathi nokuhlala kwakhe e-Efesu.
Ngiyacela funda iZenzo 5: 12-42. Ku-Izenzo 5: 42, uPeter nabanye abaphostoli basanda kukhululwa ngemuva kokuqulwa kwecala eSanhedrin. Babekade befundisa emphemeni kaSolomoni ethempelini. Ku-Izenzo 5: 12-16, uPeter nabanye abaphostoli babenza izibonakaliso eziningi nezimangaliso eziningi. Abantu bababambe kakhulu futhi amakholwa ayengezwa ezinombolweni zabo. Bonke abagulayo abalethe kubo baphiliswa. Akusho ukuthi abaPhostoli baya ezindlini zabantu, kodwa kunalokho ukuthi abantu beza noma balethwa kubo.
- Emavesini i-17-26, umpristi omkhulu, egcwele umhawu, wababopha wababopha. Badedelwa yingelosi futhi batshelwa ukuba bame ethempelini bakhulume nabantu. Lokhu bakwenza ngesikhathi sekhefu. Kuyamangaza ukuthi ingelosi ayibaceli ukuba bangene iminyango ngeminyango kodwa bahambe bayobanga ithempeli, indawo yomphakathi kakhulu. Ukaputeni wethempeli kanye nezikhulu zakhe abazilethanga ngenkani kepha bacela iSanhedrini.
- Emavesini 27-32, babuzwa ngumpristi ophakeme ukuthi kungani bewenza lo msebenzi ngenkathi ngaphambili bayalwa ukuba banga (bona iZenzo 4: 5-22). UPhetro nabaphostoli banikeza ubufakazi futhi bayachaza ukuthi kufanele bathobele uNkulunkulu hhayi abantu. Emavesini 33-40, umpristi omkhulu ufuna ukubabulala, kepha uGamaliyeli, umfundisi ohlonishwayo womthetho, weluleka ngale nkambo yokusebenza. ISanhedrini, yathatha leso seluleko, yashaya abaphostoli yabayala ukuba bangakhulumi ngegama likaJesu futhi yabakhulula.
- Emavesini 41-42, bayajabula ngehlazo elihlukumezekile, njengoba kunjalo nangegama likaJesu. Baqhubeka ethempelini futhi futhi nasendlini ngendlu. Ingabe babengqongqoza eminyango yabantu, noma babemenyelwa emakhaya lapho babezoshumayeza khona abangane nemindeni? Futhi, akunakutholakaliswa ukuthi babehambela indlu ngendlu. Ukugcizelelwa kusendleleni esesidlangalaleni yokushumayela nokufundisa ethempelini okuhambisana nezimpawu nokuphulukiswa.
KuZenzo 2: 46, umongo usuku wusuku lwePhentekhosti. UPeter wethule intshumayelo yokuqala eqoshiwe ngemuva kovuko kanye nokunyuka kukaJesu. Evesini 42, imisebenzi emine ahlanganyelwe wonke amakholwa iqoshwe njengo:
"Futhi baqhubeka (i-1) banikela ekufundiseni kwabaphostoli, (2) ukuzibandakanya ndawonye, (3) ekudleni ukudla, kanye (4) emithandazweni."
Le nhlangano ibiyokwenzeka emizini njengoba behlanganyela ukudla ngemuva kwalokho. Ngemuva kwalokho, ivesi 46 lithi:
"Futhi usuku nosuku babekhona ethempelini njalo ngenhloso ehlangeneyo, futhi babedla amakhaya abo ahlukahlukene futhi babelana ngokudla kwabo ngenhliziyo enkulu nangobuqotho benhliziyo, ”
Lokhu kunikeza amazwibela empilweni yokuqala kobuKristu nendlela yokushumayela. Bonke babengamaKristu angamaJuda ngalesi sigaba futhi ithempeli kwakuyindawo lapho abantu babevakashela khona ngezinto zokukhulekela. Yilapho bahlangana khona futhi ezahlukweni ezilandelayo kuzEnzo sibona imininingwane eyengeziwe. Kubukeka sengathi umyalezo wanikezwa eColonelade kaSolomoni kubo bonke abantu. Amagama esiGreki awasho ukuthi “umnyango nomuzi” njengoba lokho kungasho ukuthi badla “umnyango nomuzi”. Kuzosho ukuthi babehlangana emizini yamakholwa ahlukile.
Ngokusekelwe encwadini yeZenzo 2: 42, 46, kungenzeka kakhulu, ukuthi "indlu ngendlu" kwakusho ukuthi babuthana emizini yabo ukuze baxoxe ngezimfundiso zabaphostoli, bahlanganyele, badle ndawonye futhi bathandaze. Lesi siphetho sisekelwa futhi ngokubheka imibhalo yaphansi ku I-NWT Reference Bible 1984 kulamavesi amathathu angenhla. Imibhalo yaphansi isho ngokusobala ukuthi okunye ukuhumusha okungaba "ezindlini ezizimele" noma "nangokwezindlu".
Etafuleni elingezansi, kunezindawo ezintathu lapho amagama esiGreki katʼ oi'kon ukuvela. Ithebula lifaka ukuhumusha ku I-NWT Reference Bible 1984. Ukuze kuphelele, imibhalo yaphansi ehambisana nalokhu ifakiwe njengoba ihlinzeka ngokuhumusha okungase kube khona:
Kunezinye futhi izinto ezine ezavela ngo “Kat oikon” eTestamenteni eNtsha. Kuko konke lokhu okwenzeka, umongo ukhombisa ngokusobala ukuthi lokhu bekungamakhaya amakholwa, lapho ibandla lendawo (isonto lasekhaya) lalihlanganyela futhi futhi lidla nokudla njengoba sekuxoxiwe kuzEnzo.
Roma 16: 5
Korinte 1 16: 19
Kolose 4: 15
UFilemoni 1: 2
Isiphetho
Ngemuva kokuhlaziya le mibhalo ngokwesimo, singabhala ohlwini lokutholakele okuyinhloko:
- Ukuhlaziywa komongo wezEnzo 5:42 akusekeli imfundiso yenkolo yoFakazi BakaJehova yendlu ngendlu. Izinkomba ukuthi abaPhostoli bashumayela esidlangalaleni endaweni yethempeli, kuvulandi kaSolomoni, bese amakholwa ahlangana emakhaya ukuze aqhubekisele phambili ukufunda kwawo imiBhalo yesiHeberu nezimfundiso zabaPhostoli. Ingelosi ekhulule abaPhostoli ibayalela ukuba bame ethempelini futhi akukhulunywa ngokuya “endlini ngendlu”.
- Lapho iZenzo 20: i-20 ibhekwa ngomsebenzi kaPawulu e-Efesu ku-Izenzo 19: 8-10, kuyacaca ukuthi uPhawuli wayefundisa nsuku zonke iminyaka emibili ehholo laseTirannus. Le ndlela umyalezo owasakazwa ngayo kuwo wonke umuntu esifundazweni sase-Asia Minor. Lesi isitatimende esisobala emBhalweni esishiywa yiNhlangano ye-JW. Futhi, ukuhumusha kwabo ngemfundiso “yendlu ngendlu” akusimeme.
- Izenzo 2: I-46 ngokusobala ayikwazi ukuhunyushwa ngokuthi "indlu ngendlu" njengakuzo zonke izindlu, kodwa kuphela njengasemakhaya amakholwa. I-NWT uyihumusha kahle njengemizi hhayi njengendlu ngendlu. Ngokwenza lokhu, yamukela ukuthi amagama esiGreki angahunyushwa ngokuthi “amakhaya” kunokuba athi “indlu ngendlu”, njengoba enza ku-Izenzo 5: 42 kanye 20: 20.
- Okunye ukuvela kwe-4 kwamagama esiGreki eTestamenteni elisha konke kubhekise ngokusobala emihlanganweni yebandla emakhaya amakholwa.
Kuzo zonke lezi zinto ezingenhla, kusobala ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukudweba inkolelo yenkolo ye-JW yokuthi "indlu ngendlu" kusho "umnyango nomuzi". Eqinisweni, ngokususelwa kula mavesi, kubonakala sengathi ukushunyayelwa kwenziwa ezindaweni zomphakathi futhi ibandla lahlangana emizini ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukufunda kwabo imiBhalo nezimfundiso zabaphostoli.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, emaBhayibhelini abo okubhekiselwa kuwo nawafundwayo, kucashunwa abahlaziyi abahlukahlukene beBhayibheli. Engxenyeni ye-2 sizobheka le mithombo ngokwesimo, ukubona ukuthi ukuhunyushwa yilaba abahlaziyi kuyavumelana yini ne-JW theology mayelana nencazelo “yendlu ngendlu”.
Chofoza lapha ukubuka Ingxenye 2 yalolu chungechunge.
________________________________________
[i] Njengoba ama-JWs ethanda le nguqulo, sizobhekisa kulokhu ezingxoxweni ngaphandle kokuthi kuchazwe ngenye indlela.
[Ii] Kuze kube unyaka owedlule, i-WTB & TS ishicilele incwadi yonyaka yezindaba ezikhethiwe kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho okuvela onyakeni owedlule futhi inikezela ngemininingwane ngokuqhubeka komsebenzi emazweni ngamanye nasemhlabeni jikelele. Imininingwane ifaka inani labashicileli be-JW, amahora asetshenziswe ekushumayeleni, inani labantu abafundayo, inani lababhabhadiswayo, njll. Chofoza lapha ukufinyelela amaNcwadi Wonyaka kusuka ku-1970 kuya ku-2017.
[Iii] Kuyasiza ngaso sonke isikhathi ukufunda sonke leso sahluko ukuthola umqondo ogcwele womongo. Lapha uJesu uthumela abaphostoli abasanda kukhethwa be-12 ngemiyalo ecacile yokuthi bangayifeza kanjani inkonzo ngalolo suku. Ama-akhawunti afanayo atholakala kuMark 6: 7-13 nakuLuka 9: 1-6.


text:
Ukuthengisa okushisayo kwezingane kombhede wokuthekelisa kusuka e-china fatory
Imininingwane yomkhiqizo
Zonke izinhlaka ezisemaceleni zenziwe ngokhuni ngaphakathi, izinto zokwenziwa ezinamagwebu futhi zimbozwe ngesikhumba somgunyathi.
Umklamo womumo ogobile wamapaneli ohlangothini namabhodi amakhulu, uletha ukuphepha nokunethezeka okwengeziwe ezinganeni.
Umbala weNavy upholile kakhulu kubafana. ukuphrinta kungashintshwa ngombono wakho.
Ama-slats ama-Polywood njengokusekelwa kukamatilasi, anele ngokwanele.
Cover impahla: PVC
Umbala: ukuphrinta design
Akuphoqelekile nge-PVC, i-PU, i-Linen, i-Velvet noma enye impahla
Itheku lokulayisha: SHENZHEN
Iphaneli eseceleni esikiwe yenza usayizi webhokisi ube mncane kakhulu. ilungele imakethe eku-inthanethi.
Isigaba: Ifenisha yezingane, ifenisha yezingane zokulala, isethi yefenisha yezingane, imibhede yezingane.
Singadlulisa zonke izinhlobo zamazinga wokuhlola emazweni ahlukene. Sicela uxhumane nathi ukuthola ingxoxo eyengeziwe.
Usayizi womkhiqizo: 204 * 107 * 84.5 cm
Usayizi webhokisi: 113 * 85 * 17.5 cm
Ukulayisha isitsha:
I-20'FT: Ama-168 ama-PC
40'GP: 324 ama-PC
40'HQ: ama-400 ama-PC
Isitifiketi: SMETA / EN71 / ASTM / TB117-2013
Iminyaka yobudala: Ngaphezu kweminyaka emithathu
MOQ: 50pcs ngombala ngamunye
Isicelo: igumbi lezingane, igumbi lokuhlala


text:
Isaphulelo se-Amazon Prime student sizosiza abasebenzisi ukuthi bathole izinsizakalo ze-premium ngamanani aphansi. I-Amazon isitolo esikhulu kunazo zonke ku-intanethi. Bathathe umhlaba ngesiphepho ngezinsizakalo zabo.Isimo semvelo sinamandla amakhulu. I-Amazon ihlala ikhulisa izinketho abazinikeza amakhasimende abo. Ubulungu obuyinhloko buyadingeka kubantu abathanda ukuthenga ku-inthanethi. Isipiliyoni se-Amazon Prime ukukunikeza ukwaneliseka okwengeziwe. Abafundi badinga i-amazon ngezinsiza ezahlukahlukene, ezokuzijabulisa nezincwadi.
Uhlelo lokucabangela izitshudeni olucabangelayo lusiza ukuthi ujabulele isivivinyo samahhala sezinyanga eziyisithupha. Kukhona nezinye izici ezingeziwe futhi. Sizobhala yonke imininingwane mayelana nesaphulelo kulokhu kubhalwa. Funda ukuze wazi kabanzi.
Inqubo yokubhalisela isaphulelo sabafundi iqonde ngqo. Noma ngubani obhaliswe ekolishi njengamanje angajabulela lesi saphulelo. Uzogcina usebenzisa imali encane kakhulu isikhathi eside. Isaphulelo sabafundi sizokusiza kakhulu ekunciphiseni izindleko zokuthenga. Kuyindlela enhle yokuba nomnotho owehlayo. Abafundi abaningi babhekene nezinkinga zokugcina izimali zabo. Isaphulelo sabafundi sizosiza ukwenza isimo sibe ngcono kancane. Nazi izinyathelo okudingeka uzilandele ukuze ubhalisele amadili kaNdunankulu.
Voila! Ubhalisele ngempumelelo isaphulelo sabafundi base-Amazon usebenzisa lezi zinyathelo. Manje usungajabulela zonke izinzuzo ze-premium eziza nensizakalo yazo. Sincoma wonke umfundi osemusha ukuthi azame lesi sivumelwano. Izinyanga eziyisithupha zezinsizakalo zamahhala ze-Amazon zingakusiza wonge imali eningi.
I-Amazon inkampani eyizigidigidi enesisekelo esikhulu sabasebenzisi. Abafundi kanye nabantu abadala abasebasha bakha ingxenye enkulu yamakhasimende abo aku-inthanethi. Isaphulelo se-Prime student siyindlela yokubuyisela kubathengi babo. Manje ungajabulela izinsizakalo zabo ze-premium mahhala ngale nsizakalo. Awudingi ukukhokha ngisho isenti elilodwa kuze kube yilapho icala lezinyanga eziyisithupha lingakapheli. Basebenzisane ne-Telecom giant Sprint ukwenza lokhu kube yiqiniso. I-Sprint ingumhlinzeki wesevisi ohamba phambili kuyo yonke i-USA. Ubhadane lwe-coronavirus lwenze izimo zaba yinselelo kuwo wonke umuntu. Sincoma ukuthi uzame isaphulelo somfundi ukuze uthole izinzuzo ezithile.
Isaphulelo sabafundi okwamanje sitholakala kuphela esifundeni sase-USA. Izinhlelo ezifanayo zisebenza emhlabeni wonke. I-Amazon yethule uhlelo lwentsha eNdiya, okuyindawo yayo yesibili ngobukhulu emakethe. Noma ngubani ongumfundi osebenzayo eyunivesithi ebhalisiwe yase-US angazuza izinzuzo. I-Amazon izokuqinisekisa ukubhaliswa kwakho futhi ikunikeze izinzuzo ngokushesha. Abasebenzisi badinga ukuba ne-akhawunti ye-imeyili yamachashazi futhi. Kuyimfuneko ebalulekile ngaphambi kokubhalisa.
I-Amazon ihlose ukunikeza abafundi izinzuzo ezinkulu phakathi nalesi simo sobhadane. Umnotho okhubazekile awulona usizo, kepha lesi sivumelwano sengeza ulwelwesi lwesiliva. Nazi ezinye izinzuzo zokusebenzisa izaphulelo zabafundi.
Izinsizakalo eziphambili ze-Amazon manje sezitholakala nge $ 6.49 kubafundi. Imvamisa, izindleko zitholakala cishe ku- $ 15 ngenyanga. Intengo incane kakhulu ngesaphulelo. Abafundi bathola nezinyanga eziyisithupha mahhala kulokhu kubhalisa. Kungokunye kwamadili angcono kakhulu ongawathola ku-inthanethi. Sekukonke uzokonga amathani emali ekuthengeni online.
Akekho othanda ukukhokha imali eyengeziwe ngokuthunyelwa. I-Amazon izama ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ungonga imali ethe xaxa. Isivivinyo samahhala sizokusiza ukuthi ulondoloze amathani wezindleko zokulethwa. Manje ungathola zonke izimpahla zakho zilethwe ngale nkundla. Sincoma ukuthi uzame amasevisi wokulethwa okusheshayo kokubalulekile. Baziwa ngokunaka okwengeziwe izibonelelo zabafundi.
I-Amazon prime music iyilabhulali enkulu yezingoma ezinhle. Abasebenzisi besaphulelo sabafundi bangathola okubhaliselwe okungaphansi kokungu- $ 1 ngenyanga.Kuyisivumelwano esimnandi kuwo wonke amakhanda we-bass ekhampasi. Jabulela umculo wekhwalithi ephezulu nge-Amazon ngohlelo lwakho oluhlanganisiwe.
Uthola isaziso sokuqala kumadili wakamuva ku-elekthronikhi, izincwadi, ukudla okulula, izembatho, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, nezinye izinsiza.
Indlela yokuphila yabafundi idinga ukuthi utshale imali kwimikhiqizo eminingi. Lezi zipesheli zabafundi zingeza kakhulu kumxube.
Abafundi bathola nokuzijabulisa kwe-premium endaweni yesikhulumi.Ungajabulela izinsizakalo ze-Prime Video nezokufunda okuphambili ngalokhu okubhalisile. I-Prime Video inelabhulali enkulu yokuqukethwe kwekhwalithi. Umbukiso owaziwa kakhulu emsamo nguTom Clancy, uJack Ryan. U-Prime reukukhangisa kukunika ukufinyelela ezincwadini eziningi mahhala ngokuphelele.
Lezi zonke izici ezinhle ongaba nazo ngokuvumelana okukodwa okubandakanya konke. Uthola lezi zinsizakalo mahhala phakathi nezinyanga eziyisithupha zokuqala.
Isaphulelo se-Amazon prime student isinyathelo esihle kakhulu ngebhizinisi eliku-inthanethi. Kulo mhlahlandlela, besithemba ukusula konke ukungabaza kwakho maqondana nokubhaliselwe. Jabulela ukuthenga ku-inthanethi ngamanani aphansi.
Funda futhi:


text:
Imihlangano Yebandla YoFakazi BakaJehova
Funda ngemihlangano yethu. Thola indawo yomhlangano eseduze nawe.
Isaziso Esiphathelene Ne-Coronavirus (COVID-19): Ngenxa yalolu bhubhane lwesifo olubhebhethekayo, imihlangano yethu siyiqhuba ngokuxhumana ngamavidiyo. Ukuze uthole ukuthi ungangena kanjani kule mihlangano, sicela ubuze omunye woFakazi BakaJehova noma uchofoze lapha ngezansi.
Kwenzekani Emihlanganweni Yethu?
OFakazi BakaJehova baba nemihlangano kabili ngesonto. (Hebheru 10:24, 25) Kule mihlangano, eyamukela wonke umuntu, sihlola lokho iBhayibheli elikushoyo nokuthi singakusebenzisa kanjani ekuphileni kwethu.
Imihlangano yethu inezingxenye eziyingxoxo nezilaleli, ezicishe zifane nengxoxo yasekilasini esikoleni. Imihlangano ivulwa futhi iphethwe ngengoma nomthandazo.
Akudingeki ukuba ube ngomunye woFakazi BakaJehova ukuze uze emihlanganweni yethu. Simema wonke umuntu ukuba eze. Kungenwa mahhala. Akuthathwa nkongozelo.


text:
Kumiswa, Indaba
"Gneisenau '(yempi) izici kanye nencazelo isakhiwo
Adume German Navy yempi "Gneisenau" wafakwa ukusebenza ngo-1938 ngosuku olwandulela seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili. Umklamo kulomkhumbi isibe omunye ambitious kakhulu ngesikhathi sayo. I yempi wayekhonze kuze 1943, lapho impi elilandelayo bekulimele sina. Wathunywa iyokhandwa, kodwa ekugcineni wanquma ukulondoloza. Ngo-1945, ngaphambi nje kokuba kokunqotshwa eJalimane, umkhumbi waze wethuka. Emlandweni kwaba odumile kungasho neze kuphela Izenzo zakhe izikhali, kodwa futhi ukusebenza oluvelele.
History of the isakhiwo
yempi German "Gneisenau" - Ungomunye wemikhumbi edume kakhulu iMpi Yezwe II. Umlando walo kwaqala ngo-1933, lapho-Third Reich linqume ukwakha eminye emibili imikhumbi uhlobo olusha "Scharnhorst". Le phrojekthi waqalwa ekusithekeni Imininingwane. Ngokusemthethweni, yempi "Gneisenau" eyakhishwa esinye isitsha we "Deutschland". Nokho, phakathi eqanjiwe umphakathi futhi lokhu umkhumbi wawususukile umehluko okukhulu.
"Gneisenau" kwahluka mass omkhulu amathani 19.000, futhi umthamo wayo ozimele yayiba 161.000 amahhashi. yempi nezisebenzi lalinabashumayeli amasosha 1669. Ukuze zonke izici zayo, umkhumbi uJesu wazalwa izikhali grand - German lasolwandle pearl. Futhi yingakho nje kungazange kumangaze, ngoba kobuholi-Third Reich bathandile ukuqalisa amaphrojekthi emangalisayo futhi kuyabiza, enye yazo, akungabazeki, kwaba "Gneisenau". Battleship sidalwe njengempendulo Royal Navy kanye isiFulentshi (ikakhulukazi French umkhumbi "EDunkerque" uhlobo). umehluko Its main kusuka kweminye imihlobo yintuthuko ephawulekayo e ukubhuka nezikhali.
Ngo-1935, umkhumbi ngisho kwadingeka kabusha isibambiso ngenxa ukuvela entsha, kwakwakhiwa nakakhulu mayelana design, iphrojekthi. Ukwethulwa senziwa ngoDisemba 8, 1936-th. Ngalolo suku, omunye emaketangeni ekuqhumeni yenethiwekhi, ngenxa yalokho umkhumbi bahlakazeka yabantu yagijimela ogwini. umonakalo Trouble waphenduka emkhunjini.
izibhamu
Lo mkhumbi "Gneisenau" (Battleship) yaqanjwa idume phakathi neMpi Yezwe I impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu armored okuqondene isigaba Admiral Spee. Ngena ngemvume abakhethiwe akwenzekanga ngephutha. "Gneisenau" waba ngowokuqala yempi we Navy isiJalimane, eyakhelwe esikhathini interwar. Iminyaka Engu fojisa unswinyo ezalandela iSivumelwano SaseVersailles iphelile. Kodwa ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi imikhumbi-German wahlala anda ibuthaka, obekumele ukwenza, "Gneisenau" umkhumbi, yenzelwe kuphela kuphangwa neminyaka engu-30. Ngo-Third Reich isitsha esisha elinde impumelelo, ezifana nalezo okuyinto eyandulela abadumile eponymous.
Esikhathini esiyiminyaka interwar, ukukhiqizwa kwanoma 283-mm izibhamu waqala e-Germany, ekhiqizwa ngokuqondile i "Gneisenau". Battleship got isibhamu, efana omisiwe "Dunkirk". Ngaphezu kwalokho, izakhi ukuzivikela futhi zihlasela emkhunjini German nje yahlolwa iso olulindelekile standoff izitsha French yalolu hlobo. 283-mm izibhamu ziphumelela kangcono nokobana "Deutschland". ububanzi kwabo umlilo kanye firepower ngoba osezingeni yayo ayemakhulu kakhulu. Impumelelo izikhali entsha ayikwazanga kubangele ukwamukelwa Berlin.
Ukuze ukulawula umlilo emkhunjini "Gneisenau" wathola iqoqo lezinsimbi zomculo, wayeseyitholile efakazelwe ngohlobo "Bismarck" yempi futhi "hipper" uhlobo Cruisers. Artogon ezilungisiwe kusuka emaposini elise yayinemibhoshongo ngemuva nangaphambili abaqondisi. Yapha ngezibonakude esetshenziswa izikhulu obhekene kokudubula, Gunners. Pinnacle uhlaliseke ngumuntu gyroscope.
Ngesikhathi okuthunyelwe imishini yesimanje esikhathini esiningi. Ngokwesibonelo, isivinini computer ballistic fixed, ebizwa, izinguquko ibanga elitsheni ngisho acabangele sezulu. izibalo eziyinkimbinkimbi lwenziwa emabhuloki nge mishini ekhethekile. wezikhali ukulawula umlilo uhlelo ezilungisiwe kwemibhoshongo ezintathu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo babekwazi nomlilo akhatshana amaningana (noma ukugxila sinye siyafanana).
izinhlamvu
On the "Gneisenau" amaJalimane wasebenzisa izinhlobo eziningana amagobolondo. Okokuqala, udibi ukubhoboza. Ukusebenzisa kwabo ngokumelene Okuqondiwe kahle futhi uvikeleke. Wawuzoba fuse phansi futhi inkokhelo encane alufakwa. Okwesibili, kwaba amagobolondo polubroneboynye. Ngokusho ngezigaba British, nazo ngokuvamile ebizwa ngokuthi "Common". Bafika kancane alufakwa futhi abe nokwehlukaniswa nemphumela lomkhulu. Zazisetshenziswa ngokumelene Okuqondiwe nge zempi hhayi obukhulu khulu.
Ekugcineni, okwesithathu, "Gneisenau" babe amagobolondo ephezulu alufakwa. Babefanele fuse ikhanda zasetshenziselwa ukuhlasela Okuqondiwe unarmored (abachithi, anti-aircraft izibhamu, zokukhanyisa, nezisebenzi olungavikelekile kanye nokunye. D.). Le mithetho amagobolondo awushintshanga lemikhumbi yempi German phakathi nempi. Polubroneboynye neziqhumane alufakwa unayo i velocity kokuqala 900 amamitha ngesekhondi futhi ezahlukene isisindo ephansi (ngokuhlukahluka okuthile kweminye nesisindo kg phezu 100). Babekwe icala drive okhethekile wokubacindezela.
amagobolondo Okokuqala bondliwa grippers futhi komzila okwesikhashana. Khona-ke, amatafula indandatho roller bangena lift. amacala Basic kuhluke zethusi imikhono. Ukuze ezokuthutha emathileyi ekhethekile zanikezwa. amagobolondo Secondary fed ngesandla. Ammunition Vehicle lalinabashumayeli amacala 1800 (1350 ezinkulu nezincane 450).
ukubukeka
Iningi "Gneisenau" like umfowabo ayiwele naye "Scharnhorst". Nokho abanye umehluko zangaphandle phakathi kwazo ayekhona. amahange ezahlukene sebetholakele, anti-aircraft izibhamu kanye mainmast. Ngemva ukwakhiwa we "Gneisenau" ababethi ukukhanya grey umbala. Okuwukuphela nezimagqabhagqabha lubonakale babe amajazi izikhali ukuboniswa nhlangothi zombili stem.
Ngo-February 1940, icala, kwanqunywa ukubeka izikwele ebomvu nge swastika abamnyama. Lokhu kwakwenzelwa ukubona kusukela emoyeni. Inkinga yayiwukuthi i-Luftwaffe kwakunebandla elilodwa kuphela kwenyanga eyodwa ngephutha yacwila abachithi ezimbili German. Ekwindla ka-1940, phakathi nezikhathi ezinzima post-wokulungisa aseBaltic Sea "Gneisenau" kwaba sifihle Umbala.
ukufuduka
Ngokuhamba design izifundo, kwaba sobala ukuthi abaklami ngeke bakwazi ukuhlangabezana displacement 26.000 amathani. Ekuqaleni kwathiwa kucatshangwa ukuthi ngabe athobele lezi zibalo, "Gneisenau". Nokho, Battleship, weza okukhulu ngokwengeziwe ukuthi ngo-1936 wayibonisa ngokucacile control isisindo. Ngesikhathi wokwakha igceke lemikhumbi, bahlabe umkhosi. Ochwepheshe kwesatshwa ukuthi umkhumbi kuyoba esingaphansi uqinile, kanye nokwehla yayo seaworthiness. Ngaphezu kwalokho, baphoqeleka ukuba babe ukunciphisa ukuphakama freeboard. Design Lokhu iqhinga uye ayisesemikhulu uhla ukuzinza.
Inkinga ukufuduka anda wathola ngesikhathi lapho kwase kwephuzile ukushintsha izici eziyisisekelo "Gneisenau" kakade. Battleship, ogama design kwaba legumbi wonke umsebenzi ukulondolozwa ngokwandisa ububanzi emzimbeni. Ngenxa yalokho, displacement anda emathanini ayizinkulungwane 33.
amandla isitshalo
izingxabano abaningi okuye kwabangela ngayo abakhi amandla plant. Kwakuwusuku isici impikiswano kakhulu kunabo bonke iphrojekthi "Gneisenau". Battleship, izimfanelo okuyinto kwahluka engakaze ibonwe lokuqala izibalo kwenziwa amaphutha. Nge zonke ukuthi akekho kulabo obhekene akafunanga ngokuphindaphindiwe ukubambezela yonke ukwakhiwa bomkhumbi.
Ngesikhathi besanda kuqala design njengendlela amayunithi amandla plant ekhethiwe turbozubchatye. Ngosizo lwabo, baceba ukubabulala izinyoni ezimbili ngetshe elilodwa: ukuqinisekisa high speed bomkhumbi futhi ukusheshisa isikhathi kwezidingo zayo. Iyunithi usebenza ku ambalwa. Udizili yasala dengwane, ngoba i-komkhumbi omkhulu onjalo futhi wayengekho injini yalolu hlobo. ukukhetha okuyingozi esenziwa Admiral Erich Raeder. Waqaphela ukuthi dalnohodnost umkhumbi kuyoba ephansi kakhulu kunalokho uma usebenzisa udizili. Nokho, Navy akazange abe nesikhathi ukulinda zentuthuko yawo kanye ukukhiqizwa.
izindlu
Ezezindlu yempi kwadingeka umklamo longitudinal. It is ezenziwe ngensimbi. Kwanqunywa ukuba zisebenzisa ukukhanya Alloys - ngakho wakwazi ukunciphisa isisindo. I keel eyinhloko umkhumbi wawususukile amanzi angangeni. Lonke Umzimba wawuhlukaniswe waba 21 gumbi engangikulo. 7 wabo bekwi amandla plant.
Kuyinto ukwazi ukuthi ekwakhiweni ezinkulu umkhumbi arc Welding okokuqala ku esigabeni ngasinye zokukhiqiza yasetshenziselwa ngokunembile endabeni le "Gneisenau". Battleship, ukudalulwa kwalo okungahle design kuyinto lesikhumbuzo ukwazi inkathi, yikona okungcono hhayi kuphela izici zawo, kodwa futhi inqubo yokukhiqiza.
Ashiselwe steel izindlu ukuba ungene esikhundleni izindlu. Nale yokukhiqiza indlela entsha ke yayigubha. Imiphumela walo kwakunamafasitela amaphutha amaningi ehambisana 'nemizamo umbhalo ongaphansi. " Ngo-June 1940, "Gneisenau" wathola ukulimala kwezinto, eyabonisa ukuthi ochwepheshe abaningi kuyodingeka smash ikhanda lakhe phezu indlela yokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi welds. Ayehlukile sengozini sokuqhuma kwamabhomu nokungabi torpedo hits. Futhi, nokho, ukusetshenziswa Welding abe intuthuko sina, setha indlela yokuthuthuka lonke umkhakha.
Omunye izici eziphawulekayo kakhulu hulls yempi babe ozimele acinene, izici ukuwohloka encane. Ngesikhathi esifanayo wahlala amahange bendabuko. Bakhandwa elise Clusaz - omunye usohlangothini uhlangothi lomkhumbi lwesandla sokudla, ezimbili ngakwesokunxele. Kuqhathaniswa onobuhle angaphandle, freeboard lalilincane, kodwa ngokuhamba ekupheleni kanye redrawing yephrojekthi kwaba ngisho ezincane. Ngezinye izikhathi isici design kwaholela ekubeni ukuthi izilwandle kwamiswa spray enamandla, ngenxa okuye kwadingeka kuphela usebenze isitsha kusukela embhoshongweni conning.
Ikhala futhi ingxenye ebhodini
Adume yempi "Gneisenau", isithombe eyabonakala ngokuvamile ngokulinganayo kwemibiko isitha intelligence amaphephandaba aseJalimane, usebhekene ukulungiswa eziningana ukuba "ubuso" yayo - umnsalo. Ngemva kwempi ngokumelene "Rawalpindi" zisusiwe ebhodini esiqinile. kudivayisi Mooring efakwe phezulu stem.
Kwesinye isigameko enkonzweni yenze ezinye izinguquko ekwakhiweni le "Gneisenau" ngo-December 1940. Battleship, Kharkteristika kabani main kwamsiza impi, babe engenamsebenzi phakathi nesiphepho. Ngo-December 1940, kwaba nesivunguvungu eNorth Sea yabangela umonakalo ezinzima emkhunjini. Ngemva kwalokho, "Gneisenau" isiqephu waba njalo nakakhulu foredeck nezindonga ezivimba amanzi. Akumangalisi ukuthi ezintsha avele ngesikhathi ukusebenza ngokushesha emva kuphakama izinkinga esilandelayo. Nokho, Elinye ikhambi design kwakungeke kuxazulule ngokuphelele inkinga ka "isikhwehlela" onezitezi, encishisiwe nobukhulu bayo ukuba umkhawulo eyamukelekayo.
Kwakukhona omunye icala esiphawulekayo, othinta yempi "Scharnhorst", "Gneisenau". ezimbili Le mikhumbi yohlobo olufanayo kwahluka ikufanelekela ukuhamba olwandle engabalulekile. Isixazululo kungaba ukwanda ukuphakama bead. Nokho, ukushintsha okunjalo kwakuyohlanganisa kuholele ukwanda isisindo zempi, okwakuyindawo engeke asebenze. AmaJalimane kulo ukusebenza kokubili imikhumbi laleli ecishe ifane - bawahlabela seaworthiness.
zempi
Ngu isiko, wonke yempi enkulu German possessed zempi esindayo. Mina yayiphumula futhi "Gneisenau". Battleship, ukudalulwa kwalo okungahle yisibonelo esibuthakathaka kahle futhi uvikeleke, kwakusakazwa ngendlela ekhethekile kakhulu yezembatho zethu mpo futhi enezingqimba. Basiza nomunye ukuvikela yempi ekulimaleni izingxenye ezibalulekile zomzimba. Uma le shot hits ebhodini, kuyadingeka ukuhlangabezana bronepalubu ethuthukisiwe.
Abaningi izixazululo asetshenziswe project, ziye wazama okokuqala. Lesi sici futhi ugcizelela ukuthi ezintsha futhi eliyingqayizivele "Gneisenau" (Battleship). IMpi Yezwe Yokuqala wanikeza abaklami German ingcebo yolwazi. Zibancishe umsebenzi iminyaka Weimar Republic, benomfutho omusha, bathatha umsebenzi wabo wokwakha ngoxhaxha sokubusa kwamaNazi.
ukuzinza
Lomgomo umkhumbi ku linezingxenye wazimisa ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. Wabuye isetshenzisiwe ekuklanyweni "Gneisenau". Battleship, impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu futhi yimuphi omunye umkhumbi yayibaluleke abanye kuphela kuze kube umzuzu kucwila. Ngakho-ke, inkinga ukuzinza ukugcina umkhumbi untanta njalo emi phambi ochwepheshe German kwenye yezindawo zokuqala.
Ukwakhiwa "Gneisenau" lwenzelwe ukuze esikhukhulayo linezingxenye ezimbili eduze angabangela izikhukhula emphemeni. Ababhali yephrojekthi imikhawulo imibono ebalulekile kanye nama-practical eziningana. Ngakho, bonke linezingxenye, ngaphandle emincane futhi sise ithiphu, zahlukaniswa izikhala ezimbalwa amanzi angangeni.
Kuqhathaniswa ezazingaphambi kwayo, kanye "Scharnhorst" futhi "Gneisenau" izici eziningana olukhudlwana ka transverse kanye bulkheads longitudinal. Baqala ukusebenzisa elinye Dreadnought. Kuyinto ngenxa lezi izingxenye ngisho izimpi ezinzima kunazo wakwazi ukugcina zewayini, enecala futhi engine- futhi kubhayela amakamelo. Ngakho, kwehlisa kakhulu ingozi heeling yingozi.
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Uhlelo lwesithupha lwe-Open Back Blade Mens Razor Shaving 8105
Imininingwane yomkhiqizo
Amathegi womkhiqizo
Umugqa wokugcobisa onethezekile uphela ube mhlophe lapho ungasashefi kahle. Umugqa wenjoloba ophansi, omile kahle ezentshebe futhi usiza ukukunika ukushefa okusondele futhi okumnandi. Ama-blade ayi-6 asiza ukunciphisa ingcindezi nokucasuka, okwenza kube lula.
Ama-blade enziwe ngensimbi engagqwali yaseSweden, eyenza ubulukhuni obuhle nobukhali.
Ukwakhiwa okuvuleke kahle okwenziwe ngemuva kwe-blade cartridge kwenza ukuhlanza ama-blade kusheshe futhi kube lula.
Amasistimu e-jing wangaphambili
Ikhanda elizulazulayo lihamba kalula futhi ngokushelela eceleni kobuso bakho.
Uhlelo lokudonsa oluvamile
Uma ufuna ukuzama izindwani ezahlukahlukene ebangeni lethu, ungashintsha ama-cartridge wakho wokugcwalisa noma kunini lapho ufuna khona.
Uhlelo lwethu olujwayelekile lokubeka umkhumbi lusho ukuthi noma imaphi ama-blade cartridges ethu azolingana nesibambo sakho sezinsingo.
Ipharamitha yomkhiqizo
Amapharamitha wokufaka


text: I-Super long after-glow luminescent powder inokukhanya okugqamile futhi iba ne-super long after-glow, ngokusebenza okuhle kakhulu nesilinganiso sezindleko e-china, Imikhiqizo ayiqukethe noma yiziphi izinto ezifaka imisebe futhi ingasakazeka ngokulinganayo njengesengezo phakathi kwama-ejenti asobala njengokuhlanganiswa , uyinki, upende, upulasitiki, okusanhlamvu, ingilazi, i-fiber ukwenza kusebenze imisebenzi yama-ejenti.Umbala wohlobo uthatha umbala wayo wemvelo ezindaweni ezigqamile futhi ukhipha imibala ehlukene yamalambu ebumnyameni.


text: Kubhala u-Ernest Iko Nxasana Abantu baNgozo kusengabantu bakwaMaseko ngoba umlando oxoxwayo uthi enye indoda yakwaMaseko yadla ingudwane leli okuthiwa yingozo. Yase isibizwa ke ngokuthiwa uNgozo. Noma ke kungacaci kahle ukuthi basala kanjani kwaZulu kwaNongoma nxashana isizwe sakwaMaseko sesizinze enhla neSwazini noma befika kanjani emfolozi emnyama, kodwa kugqame kakhulu lapho sebeshakaziswa izimpi zikaShaka. Lesizwe safudukela eSwazini ngezimpi zomfecane sihamba sonke ndawonye silibutho. Safikela lena eBhunya nasenxenye yesifunda saseMpumalanga namuhla. Kwaba nendoda eyodwa eyaxebuka kulesix... qhubeka ufunde »


text:
Lapho ubuza kuwebhu mayelana "nezincwadi zikaJavier Reverte", imiphumela eyinhloko iqondiswa kabusha kufayela le- I-Africa Trilogy. Le saga ingenye yemisebenzi eyaziwa kakhulu yaseSpain; kuyo usikhombisa umbono wakhe waleli zwekazi eliyindida. UReverte wayengumhambi onothando futhi onelukuluku owayekwazi ukubamba ngosiba lwakhe olunembile amabhulogi akhe amaningi emhlabeni jikelele.
Ngenkathi ehamba ezindaweni ezinesithunzi, wabhala izincazelo ezinembile zezwe nabantu abaziyo. Kula manothi, ubonakalise imizwa nemibono yakhe, kamuva ayenezela ngemininingwane yomlando. Ukulandisa kwakhe okunothile kwamvumela ukuthi athole amakhulu ezinkulungwane zabafundi abakwazisayo ukukwazi ukuhamba njalo lapho bevakashela izincwadi zakhe..
Inkomba
- 1 Izincwadi ezihamba phambili zikaJavier Reverte
- 2 Sobre el autor
Izincwadi ezihamba phambili zikaJavier Reverte
Iphupho le-Afrika (1996)
Yincwadi yezokuvakasha lapho umbhali echaza ngohambo lwakhe olunqamula eMpumalanga Afrika futhi aqala khona isaga I-Africa Trilogy. Uhambo olwenziwe njengendilinga luqala eKampala (e-Uganda), luqhubekele eDar es Salaam (eTanzania) luphele eKenya. Umsebenzi ukhombisa umlando omningi walesi sifunda, ukwenziwa kwamakoloni ngabaseYurophu kanye nokuwa kwamakhosi ase-Afrika.
UReverte ulandisa ngokuningiliziwe ngohambo lwakhe lwasendaweni yemilingo egcwele impilo, enezimpawu zombili ezidabukisayo nezijabulisayo. Futhi, umbhali udalula izibopho zobungane azakhile nabomdabu abahlukahlukene abelana nabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, phakathi kwemigqa ibhekisa kwabanye ababhali ababalulekile abavakashele futhi babhala ngaleli zwekazi, phakathi kwabo: IHemingway, iHaggard neRice Burroughs.
Ulysses Inhliziyo (1999)
Kulesi senzakalo, abaseSpain badabula empumalanga yeMedithera futhi ichaza ukuhambela kwakhe emazweni amathathu: iGrisi, iTurkey neGibhithe. I-Reverte ikuvumela ukuthi ubone imizwa ehlukahlukene ebangelwa ukuhlangana namasiko amaningi, isiko nemibhalo. Ngesikhathi sithuthukiswa, ezinye izindawo zalezi zizwe ezintathu zinemininingwane, futhi ukulandisa kugcwaliswa nezinganekwane ngezinganekwane zamaGrikhi neminye imicimbi efanelekile yomlando.
Ngenkathi ukuthuthukiswa kombhalo kuqhubeka abanye abantu - bangempela nabamanga - abameleli bezikhathi zasendulo bahlanganisiwe. Lokhu kufaka phakathi: uHomer, u-Ulysses, uHelen waseTroy no-Alexander the Great. Kuwo wonke uhambo, uReverte ugcizelela nezindawo ezibalulekile, njengogu lwaseTurkey, iPeloponnese, iRhodes, i-Ithaca, iPergamum, iKorinte, i-Athene, isiQhingi saseKastellorizon, ne-Alexandria.
Umfula wencithakalo. Uhambo oludabula i-Amazon (2004)
Kulesi senzakalo, isihambi sicwiliswa emfuleni wamandla amakhulu, sigcwele izinganekwane nezigemegeme: i-Amazon. Njengoba ingena emanzini ase-Amazonia, ukubuyela emuva kulandisa izingcezu zezindaba zomdabu. Uhambo luqala ngoJuni 2002 edolobheni lase-Arequipa, eningizimu yePeru. Umgomo wokugcina ukufika lapho kuzalwa khona umfudlana omkhulu kangaka: iNevado del Mismi.
Endleleni, ngaphezu kokwazi amanye amadolobha namadolobhana, iReverte ibuye ihlanganyele nabakhileyo osebeni lomfula wasenganekwaneni. Indlela ivumela ukugibela izikebhe zabagibeli, izikebhe ngisho nendiza izikhawu ezimbalwa. Yize egula umalaleveva, umbhali ukwazile ukululama futhi aqedele uhambo lwakhe e-Atlantic yaseBrazil.
Isikhathi samaqhawe (2013)
Kuyinoveli ekhuluma ngempilo kaJenene Juan Modesto, owayekhonza njengo umholi wamabutho amakhomanisi empini yombango yaseSpain. Indaba iqala ngoMashi 1939, ngezinsuku zokugcina zempi. AmaRephabliki alungiselela ukushiya amandla kanti amaFrancoist aqhubekela phambili ngokunqoba kwakamuva. Ngaleso sikhathi, uModesto - kanye namanye amasosha - bahlela ukuphuma kukahulumeni.
Isakhiwo sichaza izici zempilo yomuntu jikelele, njengezinkumbulo zobuntwana bakhe nezicucu ezincane zempilo yakhe yothando. Khonamanjalo kulandiswa izimpi azilwa nokuthi amasosha alunqoba kanjani uvalo lwawo. Ukwethembeka nobungani, kwagcwalisa amasosha ngama-gallantry ukunqoba izikhathi ezinzima kakhulu.
Sobre el autor
UJavier Martínez Reverte Wazalwa ngoLwesihlanu, ngoJulayi 14, 1944 eMadrid. Abazali bakhe kwakungu: UJosefina Reverte Ferro nentatheli uJesús Martínez Tessier. Kusukela esemncane wayekhangwa ngumsebenzi kababa wakhe, into eyayingabonakala othandweni lwakhe lokubhala. Hhayi ngeze uthathe isinqumo sokuqhuba izifundo zaseyunivesithi ePhilosophy and Journalism.
Ngemuva kokuphothula iziqu, Usebenze iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amathathu eyintatheli emithonjeni eyahlukene yaseSpain. Okuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe emsebenzini kufaka phakathi iminyaka yakhe eyi-8 (1971-1978) njengombhali wezindaba emadolobheni afana neLondon, iParis neLisbon. Kuwo wonke umsebenzi wakhe wasebenza neminye imisebenzi ehambisana nomsebenzi wakhe, njenge: intatheli, umlandeli wezepolitiki, umbhali wokuhlela, kanye nomhleli oyinhloko.
Literatura
Izinyathelo zakhe zokuqala njengombhali zazisebenzisa imibhalo yezinhlelo zomsakazo nezethelevishini. Ngasekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-70 wagxila ezintweni ezimbili azithandayo: izincwadi nokuhamba.. Ngo-1973 wangena ngokusemthethweni enkundleni enezincwadi Ukuzijabulisa kwe-Ulysses, asebenze lapho athola khona okunye kokuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe njenge-globetrotter.
Ngama-80 'wangena kwezinye izinhlobo: ukulandisa kanye nezinkondlo. Kwaqala ngokushicilelwa kwamanoveli: Usuku olulandelayo oluya ekugcineni (1981) futhi Ukufa ngaphambi kwesikhathi (1982), futhi kamuva ukuqoqwa kwezinkondlo Idolobha elikhulu (1982). Uqhubeke nezincwadi zokuhamba kwathi ngo-1986 wethula isaga sakhe sokuqala: I-Central America Trilogy. Lokhu kwenziwa ngamanoveli amathathu lapho echaza khona iminyaka enzima yesifunda ngaleso sikhathi.
UReverte wakhe iphothifoliyo ebanzi futhi engenakubekwa obala, enemibhalo engama-24 isiyonke evela ekuhambeni kwakhe emhlabeni jikelele, amanoveli ayi-13, izinkondlo ezi-4 nendaba emfushane. Phakathi kwemisebenzi yakhe evelele kakhulu kukhona: Iphupho le-Afrika (1996, i-Africa Trilogy), Ulysses Inhliziyo (1999), Imikhondo ye-Stowaway (2005), Umfula wokukhanya. Uhambo oludabula i-Alaska neCanada (2009) nomsebenzi wakhe ngemuva kokufa: Umuntu ukuchelela (2021).
Imiklomelo
Ngesikhathi somsebenzi wakhe wokubhala waklonyeliswa amahlandla amathathu. Owokuqala, ku 1992 ngomklomelo wenoveli yeMadrid Book Fair ye Indoda yempi. Ngemuva kwalokho ku 2001 ithole iNovel City yaseTorrevieja ye- Ubusuku bema (2000). Ukuqashelwa kwakhe kokugcina kwangena 2010, noFernando Lara de Novela we Umakhelwane weZero.
Ukufa
UJavier Reverte washona kwelakubo, ngo-Okthoba 31, 2020. Lokhu, umkhiqizo wokuhlushwa umdlavuza wesibindi.
Isebenza nguJavier Reverte
Izincwadi zokuhamba
- Ukuzijabulisa kwe-Ulysses (1973)
- I-Central America Trilogy:
- Onkulunkulu emvuleni. ENicaragua (1986)
- Iphunga leCopal. IGuatemala (1989)
- Indoda yempi. IHonduras (1992)
- Wamukelekile esihogweni. Izinsuku zeSarajevo (1994)
- I-Africa Trilogy
- Iphupho le-Afrika (1996)
- IVagabond e-afrika (1998)
- Imigwaqo elahlekile yase-Afrika (2002)
- Inhliziyo yama-Ulysses. IGrisi, iTurkey neGibhithe (1999)
- Ithikithi lendlela eyodwa (2000)
- Iso lomzwelo (2003)
- Umfula wencithakalo. Uhambo oludabula i-Amazon (2004)
- I-adventure yokuhamba (2006)
- Ingoma kaMbama (2007)
- Umfula wokukhanya. Uhambo oludabula i-Alaska neCanada (2009)
- Ezilwandle zasendle. Uhambo oluya e-Arctic (2011)
- Amagquma avuthayo, amachibi omlilo (2012)
- Namathafa emhlabeni (2013)
- Cula i-Ireland (2014)
- Ekwindla yamaRoma (2014)
- Ihlobo lamaShayina (2015)
- New York, New York (2016)
- Kuyalinganiswa (2018)
- Indawo yase-Italy (2020)
Novelas
- Usuku olulandelayo oluya ekugcineni (1981)
- Ukufa ngaphambi kwesikhathi (1982)
- Amasimu we-Strawberry unomphela (1986)
- Intokazi yakwalasha (1988)
- Wonke amaphupho emhlabeni (1999)
- Ubusuku bema (2000)
- Udokotela ka-Ifni (2005)
- Umbuso wakho mawuze (2008)
- Nkosi Paco (1985)
- Umakhelwane Zero (2010)
- Isikhathi Samaqhawe (2013)
- Amafulegi ku-Mist (2017)
- Umuntu Ngaphezulu (2021)
Izinkondlo
- Idolobha elikhulu (1982)
- Intaba-mlilo elimele (1985)
- Imikhondo ye-Stowaway (2005)
- Izinkondlo zase-Afrika (2011)


text:
Uzulu uthi kumele kubotshwe iziphathamandla zikahulumende ezetheswa icala lokuntshontsha imali eyayimele iphiwe abantu abadubekayo ngesikhathi seCovid-19 nyakenye.
Ihofisi kaAuditor General yethule ugwalo oluveza ukuthi imali ephezu kweZ$89 million eyayimele iphiwe abantu laba kanye lamankampani ayesethwele nzima ngenxa yokuvalwa kwelizwe ayikhanyi ukuthi yaya ngaphi.
Lolugwalo luthi iziphathamandla zikahulumende ezingaqanjwanga ngamagama zantshontsha limali ngokubhalisa ukuthi ziyabele abantu thize zona zizifakele ezikhwaneni.
Imali edlula iZ$180 million eyayikhangelane lokulungisa ama-isolation centers layo akwaziwa ukuthi yaya ngaphi.
Ineni lithi uhulumende kumele aveze amagama eziphathamandla lezi njalo azixotshe umsebenzi.
Owayengumphathintambo wezempilakahle uMnu Obadiah Moyo uxotshwe umsebenzi nyakenye ngemva kokwetheswa icala lenkohlakalo alasukela ekuthengweni kwezinto zokuvikela umkhuhlane weCovid-19.
Sixoxe lolwela amalungelo oluntu njalo engumkhokheli wenhlanganiso yeIbhetshu likaZulu uMnu Mbuso Fuzwayo.


text:
Levanda, a sunny and cozy studio for 1-3
5.0Umbungazi ovelele
I-i-loft ephelele ibungazwe ngu-Sofia
Izivakashi ezingu- 3, I-Studio, imibhede engu-3, Igumbi lokugezela elilodwa
Ikhaya lonke
I-loft izoba ngeyakho wedwa.
Ukuhlanza Okwenziwe Ngcono
Lo mbungazi uzibophezele enqubweni yokuhlanza ethuthukisiwe yezinyathelo ezingu-5 ye-Airbnb.
Indawo enhle
Izivakashi ezingu-100% zakamuva zinikeze indawo isilinganiso sezinkanyezi ezingu-5.
Okokuzithokozisa kokungena okuhle kakhulu
Izivakashi ezingu-100% zakamuva zinikeze inqubo yokungena isilinganiso sezinkanyezi ezingu-5.
Lapho uzolala khona
Isikhala esivamile
Imibhede elala umuntu oyedwa engu-2, 1 umbhede wosofa
Lokho ozokuthola kule ndawo
Ikhishi
I-Wifi
Ukupaka mahhala ngaphakathi endaweni
I-TV
Umshini womoya oqandisayo
I-Patio noma i-balcony
Igceke elingemuva
Ukwehliswa kwemithwalo kuvunyelwe
Ayitholakali: i- I-alamu ye-carbon monoxide
Ayitholakali: i- I-alamu yesimoko
5.0 out of 5 stars from 70 reviews
Inhlanzeko
Ukunemba
Ezokuxhumana
Indawo
Ngena
Inani
- Ukubukeza okungu-111
- Umbungazi ovelele
Hello! We are Sofia's daughters, Thalia and Mariloo and we are here for you :-)
Phakathi nokuhlala kwakho
Once you arrive we will show you the studio and guide you through all the facilities. We will also give you any advice you need on what to do, where to eat and how to take advantage of every single day on the island. We live next door and you can always feel free to contact us for anything you need!
Once you arrive we will show you the studio and guide you through all the facilities. We will also give you any advice you need on what to do, where to eat and how to take advantag…
USofia Ungumbungazi ovelele
Ababungazi Abahamba Phambili banesipiliyoni, ababungazi bezinga eliphezulu abazinikele ekuphatheni izivakashi ngendlela ekhethekile.
- Inombolo yepholisi: 00001282023
- Izilimi: English, Français, Eλλnvιkά, Italiano
- Izinga lokuphendula: 100%
- Isikhathi sokuphendula: kungakapheli ihora
Ukuze uvikele ukukhokha kwakho, ungalokothi uthumele imali noma uxhumane nabantu ngaphandle kwewebhusayithi ye-Airbnb noma i-app.
Izinto okufanele uzazi
Imithetho yendlu
Ngena: Ngemva kwalokho 14:00
Isikhathi sokuphuma: 10:00
Akufanelekile ezinsaneni (ezingaphansi kuka-2)
Izilwane ezifuywayo azivunyelwe
Ayikho imicimbi noma izenzakalo
Ukubhema kuvunyelwe
Ezempilo & ukuphepha
Uzibophezele enqubweni yokuhlanza ethuthukisiwe ye-Airbnb. Veza okwengeziwe
Iziqondiso ze-Airbnb zokuziqhelelanisa komphakathi kanye nezinye ezihlobene ne-COVID-19 ziyasebenza
Asikho isiqwashisi se-carbon monoxide
Asikho isiqwashisi sentuthu
Inqubomgomo yokukhansela
Hlola ezinye izinketho ezise- Sami namaphethelo
Ezinye izindawo zokuhlala e- Sami:


text:
Phezu kwenyanga edlule, "I-Firebird" i-RDBMS, owaziwayo Uhlelo lokulawulwa kwedatha oluhlobene umthombo ovulekile, ukhiphe ifayela le- inguqulo entsha 4.0 enezinhlobo ezintsha zedatha nokuthuthuka okuningi.
Futhi ukuze singaphuthelwa yizindaba, kule ncwadi sizohlolisisa kancane ngokushiwo I-RDBMS (Relational Database Management System) ngesiNgisi noma I-RDBMS (Relational database management system) ngeSpanishi.
Njengenjwayelo, kulabo abanentshisekelo yokujulisa isihloko ngemuva kokufunda le ncwadi, ngokushesha sizoshiya ngezansi ezinye okuthunyelwe kwangaphambilini okuhlobene ngesihloko ukuze bakwazi ukufinyelela kuzo kalula futhi bahambisane nokufundwayo:
"I-DBeaver yisoftware yomthombo ovulekile esebenza njengethuluzi ledatha lomhlaba wonke labathuthukisi be-database nabaphathi. Ine-interface yomsebenzisi edizayinwe kahle, futhi ivumela ukubhala ngezandiso eziningi, kanye nokuhambisana nanoma iyiphi i-database. Ngakho-ke, isekela yonke imininingwane ethandwa kakhulu njenge: MySQL, PostgreSQL, MariaDB, SQLite, Oracle, DB2, SQL Server, Sybase, MS Access, Teradata, Firebird, Derby, phakathi kwabanye." I-DBeaver: ithuluzi elihle kakhulu lokuphatha ama-DB ahlukile
Inkomba
I-Firebird RDBMS: Isistimu yokuphatha ehlobene nedatha
Yini i-Firebird?
Ngokuya ngonjiniyela bayo kufayela layo le- Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni, "Inyoni yomlilo" Kuchazwa ngale ndlela elandelayo:
"I-RDBMS enamandla futhi ephelele, engaphatha imininingwane evela kuma-KB ambalwa nje iye kumaGigabyte amaningi asebenza kahle kakhulu futhi engenaso nesondlo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inokusebenza okuhle kakhulu futhi kuyasabekayo, kusuka kumodeli ehlanganisiwe yomsebenzisi oyedwa kuya kunoma yikuphi ukusetshenziswa kwebhizinisi elinolwazi oluningi lwe-2Tb noma ngaphezulu, olusebenza namakhulu amaklayenti ahambisanayo."
Izici ezijwayelekile
Phakathi kwe izici eziyinhloko de "Inyoni yomlilo" okulandelayo kungashiwo:
- IFirebird isoftware ehambisana neWindows, Linux, MacOS, HP-UX, AIX, Solaris, phakathi kwabanye. Ngokuqondene ne-Hardware, isebenza ku-x386, x64 ne-PowerPC, Sparc, phakathi kwamanye amapulatifomu wehardware. Futhi, isekela indlela elula yokufuduka phakathi kwalezi zingxenyekazi.
- Imvamisa ifakwa kumakhosombe e-Linux Wokusabalalisa okulandelayo: Fedora, OpenSuse, CentOS, Mandriva, Ubuntu.
- Inokwakhiwa kwezizwe ngezizwe, okuvumela ukuthuthukiswa nokusekelwa kwezinhlelo ze-hybrid OLTP ne-OLAP. Lokhu kwenza ukuthi i-database ye-Firebird isebenze ngasikhathi sinye njengendawo yokugcina idatha yokuhlaziya nokusebenza, ngoba abafundi abavimbeli ababhali lapho bethola imininingwane efanayo ngaphansi kwezimo eziningi.
- Ixhasa izinqubo ezigciniwe nezimbangela, futhi inikeza ukusekelwa okubanzi kwe-SQL92. Lokhu kufaka izinzuzo ezifana nokuhambisana okuphezulu kwe-ANSI SQL, i-Common Table Expressions (CTE), i-Flexible Transaction Management, Izinqubo Ezigcinwe Ngokugcwele, Imibuzo Ye-Cross-Database, Umqondo Wamathebula Asebenzayo Nemicimbi, kanye Nemisebenzi Echazwe Umsebenzisi.
- Ukuthengiselana kwayo kungohlobo lwe-ACID (Isifinyezo se: Atomic, Consistent, Isolate, Durability), okusho ukuthi ukuthengiselana kuqinisekisiwe ngokuphepha.
- Kumahhala ukusetshenziselwa ukuhweba nokufundisa. Ngakho-ke, ayidingi ukusetshenziswa kwemali yelayisense, noma ukufakwa noma imikhawulo yokwenza kusebenze. Ilayisense ye-Firebird isuselwa kwiLayisensi Yomphakathi yaseMozilla (MPL).
Futhi phakathi kokunye okuningi, okulandelayo kungangezwa kafushane: Ine- ukusetshenziswa kwemithombo ephansi, idinga isidingo esincane noma asikho isidingo sama-DBA akhethekile, cishe akukho ukucushwa okudingekayo (faka futhi usebenzise cishe), futhi une- umphakathi omkhulu namasayithi amaningi lapho singathola khona ukwesekwa kwamahhala okuhle kakhulu.
Imininingwane engaphezulu mayelana "Inyoni yomlilo" kanye nabo izici nezinzuzo ingatholakala kulezi zixhumanisi ezilandelayo:
- Izici: NgesiNgisi
- Hlangana ne-Firebird ngemizuzu engu-2!: NgeSpanishi
Yini okusha kunguqulo 4.0
I- "Firebird" 4.0 Ukwethula izinhlobo ezintsha zedatha futhi inkatho ukuthuthuka ngaphandle kwezinguquko ezinkulu ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo noma ekusebenzeni. Phakathi kwe- 10 ebaluleke kakhulu Ukuze kugqanyiswe, okulandelayo kungashiwo:
- Ukuphindaphinda okunengqondo okwakhelwe ngaphakathi;
- Ubude obunwetshiwe bokuhlonza imethadatha (kufika ezinhlamvini ezingama-63);
- Izinhlobo ezintsha zedatha ye-INT128 ne-DECFLOAT, ukucacisa okuphezulu kwezinhlobo zedatha ye-NUMERIC / DECIMAL;
- Ukusekelwa kwezindawo zesikhathi zomhlaba wonke;
- Isikhathi sokulungiselela ukuxhumeka nezitatimende;
- Ukuqoqwa kokuxhumeka kwangaphandle;
- Ukusebenza kweqoqwana ku-API;
- Imisebenzi ehlanganisiwe yokubhala;
- I-ODS entsha (inguqulo 13) enesistimu entsha namatafula wokuqapha;
- Kukhuliswe usayizi omkhulu wekhasi ube ngu-32 KB
Ukumbona uhlu olugcwele lwezinguquko ungachofoza okulandelayo isixhumanisi.
"I-Firebird itholakala kukhodi yomthombo we-Interlandase ye-BorB ye-InterBase 6.0. Ungumthombo ovulekile futhi awunawo amalayisense amabili. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uyisebenzisela ukusetshenziswa komthombo wokuhweba noma ovulekile, kumahhala ngokuphelele! Ubuchwepheshe be-Firebird busetshenziswe iminyaka engama-20, benza ukuthi ibe ngumkhiqizo ozinzile futhi ovuthiwe." Hlangana ne-Firebird ngemizuzu engu-2!
Isifingqo
Siyethemba lokhu "okuthunyelwe okuwusizo okuncane" cishe
«Firebird RDBMS», okuyi- Uhlelo lokulawulwa kwedatha oluhlobene isoftware yomthombo ovulekile esetshenziswe kabanzi, esanda kukhipha ifayela le- inguqulo entsha 4.0 ukuthi inezinhlobo ezintsha zedatha nokuthuthuka okuningi; inentshisekelo enkulu futhi iyasiza, kuyo yonke
«Comunidad de Software Libre y Código Abierto» kanye negalelo elikhulu ekusabalalisweni kwemvelo emangalisayo, enkulu futhi ekhulayo yezicelo ze
«GNU/Linux».
Okwamanje, uma ukuthandile lokhu
publicación, Ungami yabelana ngayo nabanye, kumawebhusayithi wakho owathandayo, iziteshi, amaqembu noma imiphakathi yokuxhumana nabantu noma amasistimu wokuthumela imiyalezo, okungcono mahhala, okuvulekile kanye / noma okuphephe kakhulu njenge yocingo, Isignali, I-mastodon noma enye ye- I-Fediverse, okungcono.
Futhi khumbula ukuvakashela ikhasi lethu lasekhaya ku- «KusukaLinux» ukuhlola izindaba eziningi, kanye nokujoyina isiteshi sethu esisemthethweni se- Yocingo kusuka ku-DesdeLinux. Ngenkathi, ukuthola eminye imininingwane, ungavakashela noma yikuphi Umtapo wolwazi oku-inthanethi njengoba I-OpenLibra y JedIT, ukufinyelela nokufunda izincwadi zedijithali (ama-PDF) ngalesi sihloko noma ezinye.


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Adorable Maisonnette (grde terrasse, clim, wifi)
4.99Umbungazi ovelele
I-ikhaya eliyindawo yokuhlala ephelele ibungazwe ngu-Betty Et Bertrand
Izivakashi ezingu- 4, ikamelo lokulala 1, imibhede engu-2, Igumbi lokugezela elilodwa
Ikhaya lonke
Indlu izoba ngeyakho wedwa.
Ukuhlanza Okwenziwe Ngcono
Lo mbungazi uzibophezele enqubweni yokuhlanza ethuthukisiwe yezinyathelo ezingu-5 ye-Airbnb.
Ukuzingenela
Zingenise ngebhokisi lesikhiye.
Indawo enhle
Izivakashi ezingu-94% zakamuva zinikeze indawo isilinganiso sezinkanyezi ezingu-5.
Lapho uzolala khona
Igumbi
umbhede oyidabulu engu- 1
Ikamelo lokuphumula
1 umbhede wosofa
Lokho ozokuthola kule ndawo
Ukubuka ingadi
Ikhishi
I-Wifi
Ukupaka mahhala ngaphakathi endaweni
I-TV
Umshini wokuwasha
Umshini wokomisa
Umshini womoya oqandisayo
Uvulande Kuyimfihlo
Ayitholakali: i- I-alamu ye-carbon monoxide
4.99 out of 5 stars from 99 reviews
Inhlanzeko
Ukunemba
Ezokuxhumana
Indawo
Ngena
Inani
- Ukubukeza okungu-103
- Ubuwena buqinisekisiwe
- Umbungazi ovelele
Bonjour, Nous sommes un couple retraité, nous aimons recevoir, partagez nos expériences de voyage, nous balader au bord de la mer et faire découvrir notre région. Ce qui est important pour nous dans la vie, c'est la famille, les relations amicales. Nous aimons particulièrement découvrir de nouveaux restaurants, et profiter de la vie au moment présent. Au plaisir de vous rencontrer. Betty et Bertrand.
Bonjour, Nous sommes un couple retraité, nous aimons recevoir, partagez nos expériences de voyage, nous balader au bord de la mer et faire découvrir notre région. Ce qui est import…
UBetty Et Bertrand Ungumbungazi ovelele
Ababungazi Abahamba Phambili banesipiliyoni, ababungazi bezinga eliphezulu abazinikele ekuphatheni izivakashi ngendlela ekhethekile.
- Izinga lokuphendula: 100%
- Isikhathi sokuphendula: kungakapheli ihora
Ukuze uvikele ukukhokha kwakho, ungalokothi uthumele imali noma uxhumane nabantu ngaphandle kwewebhusayithi ye-Airbnb noma i-app.
Izinto okufanele uzazi
Imithetho yendlu
Ngena: 15:00 - 17:00
Isikhathi sokuphuma: 11:00
Ukuzingenela nge ibhokisi lesikhiye
Akubhenywa
Izilwane ezifuywayo azivunyelwe
Ayikho imicimbi noma izenzakalo
Ezempilo & ukuphepha
Uzibophezele enqubweni yokuhlanza ethuthukisiwe ye-Airbnb. Veza okwengeziwe
Iziqondiso ze-Airbnb zokuziqhelelanisa komphakathi kanye nezinye ezihlobene ne-COVID-19 ziyasebenza
Asikho isiqwashisi se-carbon monoxide
Isiqwashisi sentuthu
Idiphozithi Yesibambiso - uma ulimaza ikhaya, kungenzeka ukhokhiswe imali efikela ku-$116.
Inqubomgomo yokukhansela
Hlola ezinye izinketho ezise- Les Clouzeaux namaphethelo
Ezinye izindawo zokuhlala e- Les Clouzeaux:


text:
Izikulufo zisetshenziswa kabanzi. Izikulufo kungenye yezimpawu zethu ezivamile.Isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi kulezi zindawo ezine ezilandelayo:
1. Ipuleti yensimbi engenasici, ipuleti yensimbi, ipuleti yensimbi egxilile, ukufakwa kobunjiniyela.
2. Metal kwesihenqo sodonga sensimbi ekhanyayo nokunye ukufakwa kwangaphakathi nangaphandle.
3. Insimbi ye-Angle ejwayelekile, insimbi yesiteshi, ipuleti yensimbi nezinye izinto zensimbi ezihlanganisiwe.
4. Amaphrojekthi womhlangano wamabhokisi ezimoto, amabhokisi ezitolo, imboni yokwakha, imishini yokuqandeka, njll.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-28-2020


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Umongameli Emmerson Mnangagwa ngoMgqibelo ukhuthaze abalwa kumpi yenkululeko ukuthi beqalise ukukhankasela ibandla leZANU PF ukwenzela ukuthi linqobe kukhetho oluzayo ngo2023.
Ubekhuluma eHarare ngoMqibelo emhlanganweni lapho obekuthe gwaqa amalunga ekhomithi yalelibandla eye Central Committee.
Lokhu kusolwe kakhulu libandla le MDC Alliance elithi yikukhuthaza ukuthi kube lodlakela phambilini kokhetho.
Umongameli Mnangagwa, osanda ukuvula ngokusemthethweni ihlandla lesibili lohlelo lokuhlatshwa kwabantu ijekiseni yokwenqabela i-COVID 19, utshele lumhlangano ukuthi kuyathokozisa ukuthi usebenza lamabandla ezombusazwe aphikisayo ukulwisana laleligcikwane.


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1. Ukugoba noma ukungahambi kahle kwephayiphu lamanzi kuzodala ukuthi ipompo lamanzi lidlidlize futhi lidale ukushisa noma ukugqoka kokuthwala.
2. Ngenxa yokwanda kwe-axial thrust (ngokwesibonelo, lapho ibhalansi yediski nendandatho ebhalansi empompa yamanzi igqoke kakhulu), umthwalo we-axial on the bearing uyakhuphuka, okwenza ukuthwala kushise noma kulimale .
3. Inani lamafutha okugcoba (igrisi) ekuphakameni alanele noma ngokweqile, ikhwalithi ayiyinhle, futhi kukhona imfucumfucu, izikhonkwane zensimbi nezinye izinsalela: Ukuthwala okushelelayo kwesinye isikhathi akuphenduki ngenxa yomonakalo kawoyela, futhi ukuthwala akukwazi ukulethwa emafutheni ukwenza ukushisa kushise.
4. Imvume efanayo ehambisanayo ayihlangabezani nezimfuneko. Isibonelo, uma ukufana phakathi kwendandatho yangaphakathi ethwele ne-shaft pump shaft, iringi yangaphandle ethwele nomzimba ophetheyo kukhululeke kakhulu noma kuqinile, kungadala ukufudumala.
5. Ibhalansi emile ye-Rotor yepompo yamanzi ayisihle. Amandla e-radial wepompo yamanzi ayanda futhi umthwalo othwele uyanda, okwenza ukushisa kufudumale.
6. Ukudlidlizela kwepompo yamanzi lapho kusebenza ngaphansi kwezimo zamaphoyinti angadizayini nakho kuzodala ukuthi ipompo lamanzi lifudumale.
7. Ukuthwala kulimele, okuvame ukuba imbangela ejwayelekile yokushisa okushisa. Isibonelo, ukuthwala kwe-roller okungaguquki kuhlala kulimele, ibhola lensimbi lichoboza iringi yangaphakathi noma indandatho yangaphandle iyaphuka; ungqimba wengxubevange ethwele ngokuhambisa iyaxebuka bese iyawa. Kulokhu, umsindo lapho kufakwa khona akujwayelekile futhi umsindo unomsindo omkhulu, ngakho-ke ukuhambisa kufanele kuhlukaniswe ukuze kuhlolwe futhi kufakwe esinye isikhathi ngesikhathi.
Izindlela zokuqapha ngokushisa okushisa ngokweqile kwepompo yamanzi:
1. Naka ikhwalithi yokufaka.
2. Qinisa ukunakekelwa.
3. Amabhere kufanele akhethwe ngokuya ngemininingwane efanele.
Isikhathi Iposi: Oct-24-2020


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Four Bedroom Beachfront Villa
Contemporary resort villa on the beach
Izivakashi ezingu- 8, amakamelo okulala 4, imibhede engu-5, Amagumbi okugeza angu-4
Ukuhlanza Okwenziwe Ngcono
Lo mbungazi uzibophezele enqubweni yokuhlanza ethuthukisiwe yezinyathelo ezingu-5 ye-Airbnb.
Arrive to a driver, fresh fruits, and welcome cocktail at this remote South Caicos resort villa that feels like an undiscovered paradise. Take an espresso across the polished tile floors to your oceanfront infinity pool and make pit stops at the beach club and restaurant…
Ukwamukela izivakashi, ngabakwa-
Amalungiselelo ezindawo zokulala
Ikhasi 1 kwangu-2
Amakhaya ekhethelo anakho konke kwezinkanyezi ezingu-5
Alinasici futhi lakhiwe ngobuchwepheshe, ikhaya ngalinye le-Airbnb Luxe liza namasevisi okunethezeka, izinsiza nomhleli wohambo ozinikele.
Okuvelele
- Quiet lounge spaceRetreat to the interior courtyard where you can dine alfresco or admire the stars with a refreshing nightcap in hand.
- Private beach paradiseThe villa’s back deck meets the soft white sands of a secluded beach where you can walk to the resort bar or take a dip in the sea.
- Open, tropical designAiry interiors with minimalist furnishings give way to floor-to-ceiling glass walls that open to a back patio and swimming pool.
Okuphuma nale ndlu
Izinto ezisemqoka ongazilindela lapho ubhukha leli khaya.
Ukugcinwa kwendlu
Ukuthuthwa kusuka esikhungweni zezindiza
Izengezo zamasevisi
Ngemva kokubhukha leli khaya, umhleli wohambo angalungiselela noma yiziphi zalezi zengezo zamasevisi.
Ukuqashwa kwezimoto
Ukudla okushaya khona
Ukunakekela izingane
Umpheki
Isikhonzi Sekhaya
Umshayeli
Umsizi wendawo yokudlela
Amasevisi ase-spa
Izinsiza eziqashisayo
I-gear yomndeni
Amasevisi
Ngaphandle
Indawo yokubhukuda
Indawo yokudlela yabantu abangu- 8
Indawo yokuphumula
Ama-Sun lounger
Ngaphakathi
I-TV
Indawo yokugcina iwayini
Umshini odlala si-DVD
Ikhishi lompheki
Indawo yokudlela isidlo sasekuseni
Okusemqoka
Ikhishi
Umshini wekhofi
Izihlalo zasebhishi
I-Wifi
Umshini womoya oqandisayo
Isistimu yezokuphepha
Umehluko we-Airbnb Luxe
- Ukuhlelela uhambo kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kufike ekugcineniAbahleli bohambo bahlela ukufika kwakho, ukusuka, nakho konke okunye.
- Ukuhlolwa nokuhlaziywa kwamaphoyinti angu-300Lonke ikhaya le-Airbnb Luxe liqinisekiswe mathupha ukuthi libe sesimweni esivelele.
- Ukunakekelwa ohambweniUsizo lwephrimiyamu, olutholakalayo uma ludingeka kunoma imuphi umbuzo.
Indawo
South Caicos , Turks and Caicos, i-Turks ne-Caicos Islands
Isikhumulo sezindiza
South Caicos Airport
Imizuzu engu-12 uma ushayela
Izinto Ongazithanda
South Caicos
Imizuzu engu-7 uma ushayela
Cockburn Harbour
Imizuzu engu-12 uma ushayela
Izinto okufanele uzazi
Imithetho yendlu
Ngena: Ngemva kwalokho 15:00
Isikhathi sokuphuma: 11:00
Akubhenywa
Izilwane ezifuywayo azivunyelwe
Ezempilo & ukuphepha
Uzibophezele enqubweni yokuhlanza ethuthukisiwe ye-Airbnb. Funda kabanzi
Iziqondiso ze-Airbnb zokuziqhelelanisa komphakathi kanye nezinye ezihlobene ne-COVID-19 ziyasebenza
Indawo yokubhukuda/ubhavu wamanzi ashisisiwe ongenasango noma ongakhiywa
Ichibi eliseduze, umfula, enye indawo enamanzi amaningi
Isiqwashisi see-carbon monoxide asidingeki Funda kabanzi


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Kubo bonke abantu abathanda ukubuka isibhakabhaka ebusuku, isibonakude esihle kungumbono omuhle. Le divayisi yokubuka inezici ezahlukahlukene okufanele zilungiswe ngayinye. Kunezinkulungwane zezinhlobonhlobo okufanele zicatshangelwe futhi amamodeli amaningi ezimakethe ngamanani ahlukene. Ngakho-ke, lapha sizokufundisa ukuthi ungayikhetha kanjani isibonakude ukubhekelela zonke izici okufanele uzicabangele nenhloso enkulu oyisebenzisela zona.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ukuthi ungayikhetha kanjani isibonakude maqondana nekhwalithi nentengo oyidingayo.
Inkomba
- 1 Ungayikhetha kanjani isibonakude ngokwesabelomali sakho
- 2 Ungayikhetha kanjani isibonakude ngokwesikhathi sokubuka
- 3 Ungayikhetha kanjani isibonakude ngokuya ngokubona kwakho
Ungayikhetha kanjani isibonakude ngokwesabelomali sakho
Into yokuqala okufanele ibhekwe yisabelomali. Kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Akusizi ngalutho uma unolwazi oluningi ngokubheka isibhakabhaka, isayensi yezinkanyezi, njll. Uma ungenayo imali eyanele yokuthenga isibonakude esezingeni eliphezulu. Sizozama ukuhlukanisa izibonakude ezahlukahlukene ezingasisiza ngokwezabelomali ezahlukahlukene esingathembela kuzo.
Izibonakude ezingama-euro angama-200 noma ngaphansi
Akuvamile ukuthi singathola isibonakude esikahle ngaphansi kwale ntengo. Kufanele ucabange ukuthi uma sithenga isibonakude esiyisisekelo esinjalo bese sithola ukuthi uyayithanda inkanyezi, uzofuna ngokushesha ukuthenga okuthile okungcono futhi lawa ma-200 angabe esasebenziseka kancane. Esikhundleni salokho, uma wonga futhi uthenge okuthile okungcono, ungayisebenzisa ngokunenzuzo isikhathi eside futhi uthole okuningi ngokutshala kwakho imali.
Khumbula ukuthi le ntengo ayanele ukuba nesibonakude esihle esiphelele esine-tripod and mount. Imvamisa bane-optics ebampofu noma intaba engazinzile. Lezi yizici ezibalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukubonwa okuhle kwesibhakabhaka. Sincoma izibonakude ezinhle kodwa kuthatha isikhathi esithe xaxa ukuqala ukubona ezinye izinkanyezi ezibaluleke kakhulu.
Ama-telescopes afinyelela kuma-euro angama-500
Ukuphahlaza isabelomali esithe xaxa ngokwengeziwe. Yiqembu lesabelomali lelo Kungasinika injabulo kanye nokudumala okukhulu. Kulezi ziningi asikwazi ukuthola izinto ezinhle kakhulu nezinye izinto ezimbi kakhulu. Lesi yisizathu esenza ukuthi wazi ukuthi ungakhetha kanjani kahle. Kuleli banga lamanani singathola izibonakude ezifanele ukuqala esikhungweni sezinkanyezi ezizinzile futhi esinokuvula okukhulu. Imvamisa kulula ukuphatha, yize bengenayo imoto. Ayifanele i-astrophotography futhi inzima ngandlela thile.
Singathola futhi ezinye ezihloniphekile uma nje sibheja ezintabeni ze-azimuth nakwezibonakude ezisezingeni eliphezulu.
Ama-telescopes afinyelela kuma-euro angama-800
Ngenye yezabelomali ezilula kakhulu kulabo abasha kusayensi yezinkanyezi. Sihamba ngamanani entengo lapho singathola khona imishini eminingi esezingeni eliphakeme. Ngokunikezwa kokuhlukahluka okukhulayo kwamamodeli, isinqumo sizoncika kakhulu kokuthandwayo kwethu, izintshisekelo kanye nokuthandayo. Kuluhlu lwamanani olusengozini ngandlela thile lapho singathola khona okokusebenza okuhle kakhulu kepha okunye okungahambelani nalokho esikufunayo.
Ama-telescope avela kuma-euro angama-1000
Yilapho indawo yonke yamathuba ivuleka khona. Singathola ukukhweza kwekhwalithi ephezulu okusivumela ukuthi sibe nezibonakude eziningana esingazisebenzisa entabeni eyodwa. Ngisho nokukwazi ukuqala umhlaba we-astrophotography ngokunethezeka okukhulu.. Singathola futhi ezinye izibonakude ezingasetshenziswa ngeselula ezisishiye sivule imilomo.
Ungayikhetha kanjani isibonakude ngokwesikhathi sokubuka
Esinye sezici ezibalulekile zokufunda ukuthi ungayikhetha kanjani isibonakude yisikhathi ozokwazi ukusinikezela ekubhekeni isibhakabhaka. Uma uzokwenza ukubonwa okufishane nokungajwayelekile, akufanele ukubeka imali isikhathi esiningi. Ngokolunye uhlangothi, uma uzochitha ubusuku obude bokubheka uma kungcono ukuthi ube nesibonakude esihle. Ukuzimisela ukuchitha amahora amaningana ubuka akuyona into efanayo nokwenza ukubuka okusheshayo usuka ekhaya endaweni eseduze ukuze ubone izinkanyezi ezinkulu.
Ake sithi sinikela ngamahora amabili kulo msebenzi wokuzilibazisa. Akunangqondo ukuba nesibonakude esinezingxenye eziningi kakhulu ezine-mount equator noma ezithatha isikhathi eside ukuzijwayeza. Lezi zibonakude ziyinkimbinkimbi impela futhi zidinga ukufakwa esiteshini ngoba zinezingxenye eziningi. Ngakho-ke, sizothatha isikhathi eside ukuqaqa futhi siwaqaqe ngoba ekugcineni ngeke sikujabulele ngokwanele ukubonwa.
Uma sizogcina isikhathi esincane, kufanele siqale leso sikhathi ngokwengeziwe. Kungcono ukuba nesibonakude esiphathwayo esinentaba ye-altazimuth. Ngalo mqondo, uhlobo lweDobson yilona abawine kakhulu kule nkundla.
Ungayikhetha kanjani isibonakude ngokuya ngokubona kwakho
Gcina engqondweni uma uthanda ukubuka kwendabuko noma ubuchwepheshe bedijithali. Kukhona labo abathanda ukuhlala ngezinkanyezi ngendlela yesiko njengoba kwenza izazi zezinkanyezi zakudala. Kulokhu, ngesibonakude esenziwa ngesandla kanye namashadi asezulwini singachitha iminyaka sibuka isibhakabhaka. Abanye abantu bakhetha ukuthembela kubuchwepheshe futhi bakhetha umbono wokusebenzisa isibonakude kuselula futhi babuke izithombe ezikukhompyutha.
Singathola izinto esibhakabhakeni ngesandla noma wenze isibonakude senze wonke umsebenzi kithi. Inkinga ngobuchwepheshe ukuthi ingaba yinto ekhohlisayo. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo kungasenza sikhululeke ngokwengeziwe futhi kusenze singafundi isibhakabhaka noma singazi ukuthi singasiphatha kanjani isibonakude sisodwa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isibonakude semanuwali singenza izinto zibe nzima ngokwengeziwe ekuqaleni, kepha kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukuthola umthala weminyaka ekhanyayo uwedwa kuvame ukuletha injabulo enkulu nokuzazi.
Zombili izinhlanganisela zamukelwa kepha kunzima ukuzihlanganisa eqenjini elilodwa. Kuzofanele sikhethe eyodwa noma enye. Uma isabelomali esinaso singaphakeme kakhulu, akukho okunye esingakwenza ngaphandle kokusebenzisa isibonakude esisebenza ngesandla. Uma isabelomali sethu sikhulu, sesivele singakhetha ukunethezeka okwengeziwe.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi ungayikhetha kanjani isibonakude.