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INQAKU ELIFUNDWAYO 16
Yimele Inyaniso Engokufa
“Le yindlela esiwaphawula ngayo amazwi aphefumlelweyo enyaniso namazwi aphefumlelweyo esiphoso.”—1 YOH. 4:6.
INGOMA 73 Sinike Isibindi
IZINTO ESIZA KUZIFUNDA *
1-2. (a) USathana uye wabaqhatha njani abantu? (b) Siza kuthetha ngantoni kweli nqaku?
USATHANA, ‘uyise wobuxoki,’ waqalisa ukuqhatha abantu ukususela kwixesha lika-Adam noEva. (Yoh. 8:44) Obu buxoki buquka iimfundiso zobuxoki ezingokufa nezingento eyenzekayo emntwini emva kokuba eswelekile. Kukho amasiko amaninzi ngenxa yezi mfundiso zobuxoki ezingokufa. Ngenxa yaloo nto, abazalwana noodadewethu abaninzi kuye kwafuneka ‘balulwele nzima ukholo’ xa kusweleke umntu entsatsheni okanye ekuhlaleni.—Yude 3.
2 Ukuba le nto iyenzeka nakuwe, yintoni enokukunceda ungagungqi kwinto ethethwa yiBhayibhile ngokufa? (Efe. 6:11) Ungamthuthuzela uze umkhuthaze njani umKristu onyanzelwa ukuba enze la masiko angafunwayo nguThixo? Eli nqaku liza kuthetha ngendlela uYehova asinceda ngayo. Okokuqala, makhe sijonge ukuba ithini iBhayibhile ngokufa.
INYANISO NGENTO EYENZEKAYO XA UMNTU ESWELEKILE
3. Yintoni eyenzekayo emva kokuba uSathana exokile?
3 UThixo wayengafuni ukuba abantu bafe. Kodwa ukuze uAdam noEva baphile ngonaphakade, kwakufuneka bathobele umyalelo kaYehova olula, othi: “Wona umthi wokwazi okulungileyo nokubi uze ungadli kuwo, kuba mhla uthe wadla kuwo uya kufa ngokuqinisekileyo.” (Gen. 2:16, 17) Emva koko, uSathana wabangela iingxaki. Wathetha noEva esebenzisa inyoka, wathi: “Ngokuqinisekileyo anisayi kufa.” Okubuhlungu kukuba uEva wabukholelwa obo buxoki waza wasitya isiqhamo. Emva koko, nomyeni wakhe wasitya eso siqhamo. (Gen. 3:4, 6) Ngale ndlela, abantu baba nesono baza bafa.—Roma 5:12.
4-5. Bobuphi obunye ubuxoki uSathana awabufundisayo ngokufa?
4 Yenzeka laa nto uThixo wayeyithethile. UAdam noEva bafa. Kodwa uSathana zange ayeke ukuxoka ngokufa. Ethubeni, wafundisa obunye ubuxoki ngokufa. Obunye ubuxoki awabufundisayo kukuba umzimba uyafa kodwa wona umphefumlo awufi, mhlawumbi uya kwelemimoya. Ukususela kudala ukuza kutsho kule mihla yethu abantu abaninzi baye balahlekiswa ziindlela ezahlukeneyo zobu buxoki.—1 Tim. 4:1.
5 Kutheni abantu abaninzi bebukholelwa ubuxoki bukaSathana? USathana uyazi ukuba abantu baziva njani ngokufa ibe usebenzisa obu buxoki ukuze abaqhathe. Sasidalelwe ukuphila ngonaphakade, yiloo nto singakufuni ukufa. (INtshu. 3:11) Ukufa sikujonga njengotshaba.—1 Kor. 15:26.
6-7. (a) Ngaba uSathana ukwazile ukuyifihla inyaniso ngokufa? Cacisa. (b) IBhayibhile isinceda njani singaboyiki abantu abaswelekileyo?
6 Nangona uSathana ezame kangangoko anako ukuxoka ngokufa inyaniso iye yavela. Abantu abaninzi ngoku bayazi ukuba iBhayibhile ithi kwenzeka ntoni xa umntu eswelekile, bayazi nokuba baza kuvuka ibe baxelela nabanye abantu. (INtshu. 9:5, 10; IZe. 24:15) Ezi nyaniso ziyasithuthuzela ibe zisinceda singoyiki size siqiniseke ngento eyenzekayo xa umntu eswelekile. Ngokomzekelo, asiboyiki abantu abaswelekileyo ibe asinaxhala lokuba kuza kwenzeka into embi kubo. Siyazi ukuba abasaphili ibe abanakubenzakalisa abantu. Bafana nomntu oleleyo. (Yoh. 11:11-14) Siyazi nokuba abantu abaswelekileyo abazi ukuba basweleke ixesha elingakanani. Ngoko eluvukweni, nabantu abasweleka kudala baza kucinga ukuba basandul’ ukufa.
7 Ngokuqinisekileyo uyavuma ukuba into echazwa yiBhayibhile ngabantu abaswelekileyo icacile, ilula ibe iyaqondakala. Yahluke kakhulu kubuxoki bukaSathana! Obu buxoki abulahlekisi abantu kuphela kodwa bungcolisa negama loMdali wethu. Ukuze siwuqonde kakuhle umonakalo owenziwe nguSathana, siza kuphendula le mibuzo: Ubuxoki bukaSathana bulingcolise njani igama likaYehova? Buye babenza njani abantu bacinga ukuba akubalulekanga ukukholelwa kwintlawulelo kaKristu? Bubabangele njani abantu basezintlungwini?
IINGXAKI EZIBANGELWE BUBUXOKI BUKASATHANA
8. Ngokutsho kukaYeremiya 19:5, ubuxoki bukaSathana ngokufa bulingcolisa njani igama likaYehova?
8 Ubuxoki bukaSathana ngokufa buyalingcolisa igama likaYehova. Obo buxoki buquka imfundiso yokuba abantu abaswelekileyo batshiswa esihogweni. Iimfundiso ezinjengezi ziyalingcolisa igama likaThixo! Njani? Ezi mfundiso zenza abantu bacinge ukuba uThixo oluthando ukhohlakele njengoSathana. (1 Yoh. 4:8) Le nto ikwenza uzive njani? Okubaluleke ngakumbi kukuba, imenza azive njani uYehova? Ngaphezu koko, akafuni ukuba abantu baphathwe kakubi nangayiphi na indlela.—Funda uYeremiya 19:5.
9. Ubuxoki ngokufa bubenze njani abantu bacinga ukuba akubalulekanga ukukholelwa kwintlawulelo kaKristu ekuthethwa ngayo kuYohane 3:16 naku15:13?
9 Ubuxoki obuthethwa nguSathana ngokufa buye benza abantu bacinga ukuba akubalulekanga ukukholelwa kwintlawulelo kaKristu. (Mat. 20:28) Enye into axoka ngayo uSathana kukuba abantu banomphefumlo ongafiyo. Ukuba bekunjalo, wonke umntu ebeza kuphila ngonaphakade. Bekungazi kuba yimfuneko ukuba uYesu asifele ukuze sifumane ubomi obungunaphakade. Khumbula ukuba idini lentlawulelo libonisa ukuba uYehova noYesu bayasithanda ibe akukho mntu unokusithanda ukodlula bona. (Funda uYohane 3:16; 15:13.) Khawufane ucinge indlela uYehova noNyana wakhe abaziva ngayo ngale mfundiso yenza intlawulelo ibonakale ngathi ayibalulekanga!
10. Ubuxoki bukaSathana bubabangele njani abantu basezintlungwini?
10 Ubuxoki bukaSathana bubangele abantu basezintlungwini. Abazali abasentlungwini yokuswelekelwa ngumntwana basenokuxelelwa ukuba uthathwe nguThixo, mhlawumbi ukuze abe yingelosi ezulwini. Ngaba obu buxoki bukaSathana buyabathuthuzela aba bazali okanye bubenza babe buhlungu ngakumbi? Imfundiso yobuxoki yokutshiswa esihogweni iye yasetyenziselwa ukohlwaya abantu. Le nto iye yenziwa ngokuthi batshiswe epalini abantu abaphikisana neemfundiso zecawa. Incwadi ethetha ngeNkundla yaseSpeyin ithi abantu ababephikisana necawa babetshiswa ukuze beve ukuba kunjani esihogweni nokuze baguquke ngaphambi kokuba bafe baze bangabi saya esihogweni. Kwiindawo ezininzi abantu baye bazive benyanzelekile ukuba babakhonze abantu abaswelekileyo, babahloniphe okanye bafune ukwenzelwa izinto ezintle ngabo. Abanye bayenza le nto ukuze bangonzakaliswa ngabantu abaswelekileyo. Okubuhlungu kukuba ukukholelwa obu buxoki bukaSathana akubathuthuzeli ngokwenene abantu. Endaweni yoko, bubenza babe nexhala okanye boyike.
SINGAYIMELA NJANI INYANISO ESEBHAYIBHILENI?
11. Abantu esizalana nabo okanye abahlobo basenokuzama njani ukusinyanzela ukuba senze amasiko angawafuniyo uThixo?
11 Ukuthanda uThixo neLizwi lakhe iBhayibhile, kusinceda sikwazi ukumthobela uYehova naxa abantu esizalana nabo okanye abahlobo bethu bezama ukusinyanzela ukuba senze amasiko angawafuniyo uThixo. Basenokuzama ukusihlaza, mhlawumbi ngokuthi besingamthandi okanye besingamhloniphi lowo uswelekileyo. Okanye basenokuthi xa singawenzi la masiko sisenokubangela abantu abaswelekileyo bonzakalise abaphilayo. Singayimela njani inyaniso eseBhayibhileni? Khawucinge ngendlela onokuyisebenzisa ngayo le migaqo yeBhayibhile siza kuthetha ngayo.
12. Ngawaphi amasiko angawafuniyo uThixo?
12 Zimisele ‘ukuzahlula’ kwiinkolelo nakumasiko angawafuniyo uThixo. (2 Kor. 6: 17) Abantu abaninzi kwiCaribbean bakholelwa ukuba xa umntu eswelekile uba sisiporho ibe usenokwenzakalisa abantu ababemphethe kakubi. Enye imbekiselo ithi esi “siporho sisenokubangela iingxaki ekuhlaleni.” Kwezinye iindawo eAfrika, xa kukho umntu oswelekileyo kuye kugqunywe izipili, neefoto ziyaguqulwa zize zijongiswe edongeni. Ngoba? Abanye bathi abantu abaswelekileyo akufuneki bazibone, enoba bazibona esipilini okanye kwiifoto zabo! Thina bakhonzi bakaYehova, asiwakholelwa ibe asiwenzi amasiko axhasa ubuxoki bukaSathana!—1 Kor. 10:21, 22.
13. Ngokutsho kukaYakobi 1:5, yintoni omele uyenze xa ungaqinisekanga ngesiko elithile?
13 Ukuba awuqinisekanga ngesiko elithile, thandaza kuYehova uze ucele ubulumko. (Funda uYakobi 1:5) Emva koko phanda kwiincwadi zethu. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, buza kubadala abakwibandla lakho. Abazukuchazela into omele uyenze kodwa baza kukubonisa imigaqo yeBhayibhile, njengale kuthethwa ngayo apha. Xa uzenza ezi zinto, uza kuqeqesha ‘amandla akho okuqonda’ ibe la mandla aza kukunceda ukwazi “ukwahlula okulungileyo nokubi.”—Heb. 5:14.
14. Ziintoni esimele sizenze ukuze singabakhubekisi abantu?
14 “Zonke izinto zenzeleni uzuko lukaThixo. Kuphepheni ukuba zizikhubekiso.” (1 Kor. 10:31, 32) Xa sigqiba ukuba silenze isiko elithile okanye singalenzi, simele sizicingele izazela zabanye ingakumbi amaKristu. Kaloku, asifuni kukhubekisa mntu! (Marko 9:42) Asifuni nokukhubekisa abantu abangengomaNgqina. Ngenxa yokuba sibathanda, siza kuthetha ngembeko nabo ibe loo nto izukisa uYehova. Asifuni kuxabana nabantu okanye sigxeke amasiko abo. Ungayilibali into yokuba uthando lunamandla! Xa sibathanda abantu, siza kubacingela size sibahloniphe ibe loo nto isenokwenza nabo basichasayo bayeke.
15-16. (a) Kunceda ngantoni ukuzichaza kwangaphambili ukuba uliNgqina LikaYehova? Yenza umzekelo. (b) EyabaseRoma 1:16 isinceda njani?
15 Bachazele ekuhlaleni ukuba uliNgqina LikaYehova. (Isa. 43:10) Ukuba uswelekelwe, abantu ozalana nabo nabamelwane basenokucaphuka kakhulu ukuba awulenzi isiko elithile. Kanti ukuba uzichaze kwangaphambili ukuba ukhonza uYehova, izinto zisenokungabi mbi kangako. UFrancisco ohlala eMozambique, uthi: “Xa mna nenkosikazi yam, uCarolina, safunda inyaniso, sachazela iintsapho zethu ukuba asizuphinda sikhonze abantu abaswelekileyo. Kwafuneka simele isigqibo sethu emva kokuba kusweleke usisi kaCarolina. Xa kusweleke umntu apha ekuhlaleni, kuye kwenziwe umcimbi wokuhlamba isidumbu. Emva koko, oyena mntu usondeleyo kulo mntu uswelekileyo umele alale kwindawo ekuchithwe kuyo amanzi ekuhlanjwe ngawo isidumbu kangangeentsuku ezintathu. La masiko enzelwe ukuxolisa abantu abaswelekileyo. Abantu bakuloCarolina babefuna alale kule ndawo kwakuchithwe kuyo amanzi.”
16 Wathini uFrancisco nenkosikazi yakhe? UFrancisco uthi: “Asizange sivume ukulenza eli siko kuba siyamthanda uYehova ibe sifuna ukumvuyisa. Bacaphuka kakhulu abantu bakuloCarolina. Bathi asibahloniphi abantu abaswelekileyo baza bathi abazuphinda baze kusibona okanye basincede. Ekubeni sasibachazele ukuba asibakhonzi abantu abaswelekileyo, zange sithethe ngale nto ngoxa babenomsindo. Abanye babo bade basithethelela besithi sasitshilo ukuba asizenzi ezi zinto. Ethubeni bayeka ukuba nomsindo ibe saphinda savana. Abanye babo beza endlini yethu ukuze bazokucela iincwadi ezifundisa ngeBhayibhile.” Singaze sibe neentloni zokuyithethelela inyaniso engokufa.—Funda eyabaseRoma 1:16.
BATHUTHUZELE UZE UBAXHASE ABANTU ABASENTLUNGWINI YOKUSWELEKELWA
17. Yintoni enokusinceda sithuthuzele abantu abaswelekelweyo?
17 Xa omnye umKristu eswelekelwe, simele sizame kangangoko sinako ukuba ‘liqabane lokwenyaniso. . . , umzalwana ozalelwe ixesha lokubandezeleka.’ (IMize. 17:17) Singalilo njani “iqabane lokwenyaniso,” ingakumbi xa umzalwana okanye udade osentlungwini yokuswelekelwa enyanzelwa ukuba enze isiko angalifuniyo uThixo? Khawucinge ngale migaqo mibini yeBhayibhile enokusinceda sithuthuzele abantu abaswelekelweyo.
18. Yintoni eyabangela uYesu alile, ibe sifunda ntoni kuye?
18 “Lilani kunye nabantu abalilayo.” (Roma 12:15) Sisenokungayazi eyona nto masiyithethe kumntu oswelekelweyo. Xa besibona silila baza kuqonda ukuba sibakhathalele nyhani. Xa umhlobo kaYesu, uLazaro waswelekayo, uMariya, uMarta nabanye bamlilela. Emva kweentsuku ezine uYesu wafika. Nangona wayesazi ukuba uza kumvusa uLazaro, “zasuka zathi waxa iinyembezi” kuye. (Yoh. 11:17, 33-35) Ukulila kukaYesu kusibonisa ukuba uYehova waba buhlungu xa kwasweleka uLazaro. Xa uMariya noMarta babona uYesu elila, ngokuqinisekileyo babona ukuba ubathanda nyhani ibe loo nto yabathuthuzela. Ngokufanayo, xa abazalwana bethu bebona ukuba siyabathanda batsho babone ukuba abekho bodwa kodwa banabahlobo ababakhathaleleyo.
19. Singayisebenzisa njani iNtshumayeli 3:7 xa sithuthuzela umKristu osentlungwini yokuswelekelwa?
19 “Ixesha lokuthi cwaka nexesha lokuthetha.” (INtshu. 3:7) Enye indlela yokuthuthuzela umKristu osentlungwini yokuswelekelwa kukummamela kakuhle. Mmamele njengoko echaza indlela aziva ngayo, ungakhubeki xa ‘amazwi akhe ekukubhuda.’ (Yobhi 6:2, 3) Mhlawumbi ukhathazekile kuba kukho izinto abantu azalana nabo abangengawo amaNgqina abafuna azenze. Ngoko, thandaza kunye naye. Mcele ‘umphulaphuli wemithandazo’ ukuba amnike amandla aze amncede akwazi ukucinga kakuhle. (INdu. 65:2) Fundani iBhayibhile kunye ukuba iimeko ziyavuma. Nisenokufunda nenqaku elikwiincwadi zethu elithetha ngentlungu yokuswelekelwa, njengebali lobomi elikhuthazayo.
20. Siza kuthetha ngantoni kwinqaku elilandelayo?
20 Isivuyisa nyhani into yokwazi inyaniso ngabantu abaswelekileyo, nokwazi ukuba kwixesha elizayo baza kuvuka! (Yoh. 5:28, 29) Simele sibonise ngendlela esithetha nesizenza ngayo izinto ukuba siyimela ngesibindi inyaniso ibe simele sichazele nabanye ngayo qho sifumana ithuba. Kwinqaku elilandelayo siza kuthetha ngenye indlela uSathana ayisebenzisayo ukuze enze abantu bangayazi inyaniso. Loo ndlela kukusebenzelana nemimoya. Siza kubona ukuba kutheni simele singazonwabisi okanye senze nantoni na enokwenza nokusebenzelana nemimoya.
INGOMA 24 Yiza Entabeni KaYehova
^ isiqe. 5 USathana needemon zakhe baqhatha abantu ngento eyenzekayo xa umntu eswelekile. Obu buxoki buye babangela abantu ukuba benze amasiko angafunwayo nguThixo. Eli nqaku liza kukunceda uhlale uthembekile kuYehova xa abanye abantu bezama ukukunyanzela ukuba wenze la masiko.
^ isiqe. 55 IMIFANEKISO: Umzalwana nenkosikazi yakhe bathuthuzela umntu abazalana naye oswelekelweyo.
^ isiqe. 57 IMIFANEKISO: Umzalwana uphanda ngamasiko enziwayo xa kungcwatywa aze emva koko acacisele abantu azalana nabo ukuba kutheni engazuwenza
^ isiqe. 59 IMIFANEKISO: Abadala bathuthuzela umzalwana oswelekelweyo


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UDLIWANO-NDLEBE | NOBRETT SCHENCK
“Andilithandabuzi Elokuba Ubomi Badalwa NguThixo”
UBrett Schenck sisazinzulu esidla umhlala-phantsi kwelaseMerika. Wafunda ngonxibelelwano olukhoyo phakathi kwezityalo, izilwanyana kunye nayo yonke enye indalo. Kutheni ekholelwa ukuba kukho uMdali? UVukani! uye wadlan’ indlebe kunye naye ngezenzululwazi nangesizathu sokuba enokholo kuMdali.
Khawusibalisele ngemvelaphi yakho!
Utata wayengumakhenikhi. Wayesoloko encokola nam ngezibalo nangezenzulu-lwazi. Ndiseyinkwenkwe, ndandizithanda gqitha izityalo kunye nezilwanyana ezazikwimilambo namadama awayekufutshane nasekhaya, kwidolophu yaseNew Paris, kwiphondo laseOhio eMerika. Ngenxa yoko ndaya kufunda ngendalo kwiYunivesithi yasePurdue.
Ngaba wawunomdla kunqulo?
Ewe. Utata wandikhuthaza ukuba ndiphande ngeCawa yethu yamaLuthere. Ndafunda nolwimi lwesiGrike, olunye lweelwimi eyayibhalwe ngazo iBhayibhile ekuqaleni. Ndandiyihlonipha gqitha iBhayibhile.
Yayithini imbono yakho ngemfundiso yokuzivelela kwezinto?
Ecaweni yam kwakusithiwa yinyaniso leyo. Nabantu endandisebenza nabo babeyikholelwa. Ngoko nam andizange ndikhe ndiyithandabuze. Kodwa ke ndandikholelwa kubukho bukaThixo. Ndandizixelela ukuba ezi mfundiso zimbini ziyahambelana. Nangona ndandiyihlonipha iBhayibhile, ndandisithi ayiveli kuThixo.
Yintoni eyakwenza wakholelwa ukuba iBhayibhile ivela kuThixo?
Ngenye imini, mna nomfazi wam uDebbie satyelelwa ngamaNgqina kaYehova amabini, uSteve nomfazi wakhe uSandy. Basibonisa ukuba iBhayibhile ichanile xa ithetha ngezinto zenzululwazi nangona ingeyoncwadi yezenzululwazi. Ngokomzekelo, ithi ngoThixo: “Kukho Lowo uhlala phezu kwesazinge somhlaba.” (Isaya 40:22) Kwakhona ithi: “Ihlabathi ulixhoma kokungento.” (Yobhi 26:7) Ngelo xesha ndandifunda ngendalo ndisebenzisa iifoto ezazifotwe ngezibonakude, ngoko ndamangaliswa gqitha koko kuthethwa zezi zibhalo. Kaloku zabhalwa kudala ngaphambi kokuba abantu bakwazi ukufota umhlaba baze babone ukuba usisazinge yaye akukho nto uxhonywe kuyo. Njengoko mna nomkam sasifunda iBhayibhile, ndafunda ngeziprofeto ezazizalisekile, amacebiso aluncedo nezinye izinto ezandenza ndaneliseka. Ngoko ndaya ndikholelwa ukuba nyhani iBhayibhile liLizwi likaThixo.
Yintoni eyakwenza wakholelwa ukuba izinto eziphilayo zadalwa nguMdali?
USteve wandibonisa le vesi yeBhayibhile: “Wandula ke uYehova uThixo wabumba umntu ngothuli lomhlaba.” (Genesis 2:7) Sixelelwa ngokucacileyo ukuba umntu wokuqala wayevela phi. Le nto yandenza ndazibuza lo mbuzo: Ngaba iBhayibhile iyavumelana noko kuye kwafunyaniswa zezenzululwazi? USteve wandikhuthaza ukuba ndiphande ngalo mba, ibe ndenza kanye loo nto.
Wafunda ntoni ngokuzivelela kwezinto?
Izinto ezininzi. Makhe ndikuchazele ngenye yazo. Imfundiso yokuzivelela kwezinto izama ukuchaza imvelaphi yezinto eziphilayo. Imizimba yabantu neyezilwanyana ibunjwa ngamalungu asebenza ngendlela engummangaliso, njengentliziyo, amaphaphu namehlo. Kwakhona, xa uwapopola ngocoselelo la malungu, uya kufumanisa ukuba kukho neeseli ezenziwe ngendlela entsonkothileyo. Ngubani owenza ezi seli? Abantu ababambelele kuluvo lokuba izinto zabakho ngamabona-ndenzile bathi ezona seli zisebenza ngendlela egqwesileyo ziye zasinda ngenxa yokuba abantu nezinye izinto eziphilayo ezifumaneka kuzo ziye zakwazi ukumelana nezanzwili zexesha. Kodwa ke loo nto ayiwuphenduli lo mbuzo: Zivela phi ezo seli? Enye into endayifundayo kukuba izazinzulu ezininzi azikholelwa ukuba imfundiso yokuzivelela kwezinto iyawuphendula lo mbuzo. Omnye unjingalwazi wezifundo zezilwanyana wandixelela ngasese ukuba akakholelwa ukuba izinto zazivelela. Kodwa ke wathi akanakuze akhuphe nelimdaka kuba esoyika ukuphelelwa ngumsebenzi.
Ngaba ukufunda kwakho ngendlela esebenza ngayo indalo kukwenza ube nokholo nangakumbi?
Ewe! Kaloku umsebenzi wam wawufuna ndifunde ngendlela izinto eziphilayo ezixhomekeke ngayo enye kwenye. Emhlabeni zonke izinto eziphilayo zixhomekeke entweni ethile. Ngokomzekelo, makhe sithethe ngeentyatyambo neenyosi. Umbala, ivumba, incindi kunye nendlela ezikhula ngayo iintyatyambo izenza zibe nomtsalane kwiinyosi. Iinyosi zenziwe ngohlobo lokuba zifunxe incindi yezo ntyatyambo zize zihambe nembewu yazo ziyise kwezinye iintyatyambo ukuze kukhule ezingakumbi. Kuyacaca ukuba iintyatyambo neenyosi zenziwe ngohlobo lokuba zincedane ukuze ziqhubeke zikho.
‘Xa ndibona indlela obuqhubeka bukho ngayo ubomi emhlabeni, andithandabuzi ukuba badalwa nguThixo’
Xa sijonga indalo, sibona indlela emangalisayo izityalo nezilwanyana ezixhasana ngayo ukuze ziqhubeke zikho. Le ndalo sithetha ngayo ibunjwa ngamawakawaka eentlobo ezahlukahlukeneyo zezilwanyana, izityalo, iintsholongwane nezinye izinto. Zonke izilwanyana zitya izityalo yaye ziphefumla ioksijini, ukanti izityalo ezininzi zixhomekeke kwizilwanyana. Nangona yonke le nto intsonkothe ngeyona ndlela yaye nezinto eziphilayo eziyinxalenye yayo zibuthathaka, inokuqhubeka ikho kangangamawakawaka eminyaka. Naxa iye yonakaliswa lungcoliso lwendalo, xa loo nto ibibangela ungcoliso ingasekho, le nkqubo iyakwazi ukuphinda iqale phantsi kwakhona. Xa ndibona indlela obuqhubeka bukho ngayo ubomi emhlabeni, andithandabuzi ukuba badalwa nguThixo.
Kwakutheni ukuze ube liNgqina likaYehova?
Yayindikhathaza gqitha indlela abantu abayimosha ngayo indalo. Ndandisazi ukuba nangona ikwazi ukunyamezela ize iqhubeke ikho, kodwa inokutshatyalaliswa. AmaNgqina kaYehova andifundisa ukuba iZibhalo zithi uThixo uza ‘kubonakalisa abo bawonakalisayo umhlaba.’ (ISityhilelo 11:18) Loo mazwi ayebaluleke gqitha kum. Njengoko ndandiqhubeka ndifunda iBhayibhile, ndabona ukuba oko ithi kuza kwenzeka kuyinyaniso.
Ndiyakuthanda ukuxelela abanye ngezinto endizikholelwayo kwaye ndiye ndafundisa izazinzulu eziliqela iBhayibhile. Xa ndandineminyaka engama-55 ndathatha umhlala-phantsi nangona lalingekafiki ixesha, ukuze ndikwazi ukuchitha ixesha elingakumbi ndifundisa abantu ngoMdali wobomi nangeenjongo zakhe ngalo mhlaba wethu mhle kangaka.

robotstxt: allowed

filter: keep


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I-Ammeter
I-ammeter (ampere meter) sisixhobo sokwenza umlinganiselo nesisetyenziswa ukujonga ukuhamba okanye ukuletshe kombane oyi-electric current kwi- circuit. I-electric current ilinganiswa ngokwee- amperes; ngenxa yesi sizathu, abanye abantu bazibiza ii-ammeters ngee- ampmeters, oko bekwenza ngempazamo. Isenokujonga okokuba ibambelela okanye ihlala ixesha elingakanani na i-current, engakanani na amendu ayo i-current, ize ijonge namandla ayo (ii-units ezisetyenziswayo zii-ohms, ii-amperes, kunye nee-volts).
Amanye amaphepha azalana nala[tshintsha | Yenza izilungiso kokubhaliweyo]
- I-Voltmeter


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Ngomhla we-9 th ka-Oktobha, siye kwamanye amazwe oomatshini amabini kuluhlu bokwakha eVietnam. Ezi ncwadi isongwayo ukwakha oomatshini ezimbini post sisebenzisa uchebe flying ukwenza non-ukuzilimaza, ngempumelelo leyo ukukhawulezisa isantya ukusebenza nokuphucula ukusebenza yemveliso. Ngaphandle njengokuba ubona, sonke nqwelo zentsimbi wakubeka olu bambiswano gearbox okuqhuba ukuqinisekisa roll umatshini wethu ukwakha kunokuba kuzinza, ukumelana eliphezulu-ngqo xa usebenza ngesantya nje ngokukhawuleza. Olu hlobo uqwalaselo unako 100% ukwenza engama-20 ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza ubomi.
Quality Italian, yaseYurophu Emva-intengiso Service, IsiTshayina Factory Price. kwiminyaka 5 iwaranti umgangatho, kwiminyaka engama-20 yokusebenza.
Thumela umyalezo wakho kuthi:
ixesha Post: Oct-19-2018


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UBOMI BAMAKRISTU NOMSEBENZI WOKUSHUMAYELA–INCWADI YENTLANGANISO Matshi 2017
Iintshayelelo Onokuzisebenzisa
Iintshayelelo onokuzisebenzisa zeMboniselo nezokufundisa inyaniso ngoBukumkani bukaThixo. Sebenzisa amacebiso akweli nqaku ukuze uzenzele ezakho iintshumayelo.
UBUTYEBI OBUPHUMA ELIZWINI LIKATHIXO
“Ndinawe Ukuba Ndikuhlangule”
Xa uYehova uThixo wakhetha uYeremiya njengomprofeti, waziva engasifanelekeli eso sabelo. UYehova wamqinisekisa njani?
UBUTYEBI OBUPHUMA ELIZWINI LIKATHIXO
Bayeka Ukwenza Ukuthanda KukaThixo
AmaSirayeli ayecinga ukuba imibingelelo yawo engcwele yayiza kuthethelela ihambo yawo egwenxa. Ngesibindi uYeremiya wazibhenca izono nokuhanahanisa kwamaSirayeli.
INDLELA YOKUPHILA YAMAKRISTU
Indlela Yokusebenzisa Incwadana Ethi, Ngoobani Abenza Ukuthanda KukaYehova Namhlanje?
Sebenzisa le ncwadana ukuze ufundise abantu obafundela iBhayibhile ngamaNgqina KaYehova, ngemisebenzi esiyenzayo nangentlangano yethu.
UBUTYEBI OBUPHUMA ELIZWINI LIKATHIXO
Abantu Banokuphumelela Kuphela Ukuba Bakhokelwa NguYehova
KuSirayeli wamandulo abo babelandela ulwalathiso lukaYehova uThixo babeseluxolweni, bonwabile ibe bephumelela.
INDLELA YOKUPHILA YAMAKRISTU
Indlela Yokusebenzisa Incwadana Ethi, Phulaphula UThixo Uze Uphile Ngonaphakade
Sebenzisa imifanekiso nezibhalo ukuze ufundise inyaniso kubantu abasokolayo ukufunda.
UBUTYEBI OBUPHUMA ELIZWINI LIKATHIXO
AmaSirayeli Amlibala UYehova
Yintoni eyayifundiswa nguYehova uThixo xa waxelela uYeremiya ukuba athabathe uhambo oluziimayile eziyi-300 ukuya kufihla ibhanti lelinen?
INDLELA YOKUPHILA YAMAKRISTU
Nceda Intsapho Yakho Ingamlibali UYehova
Unqulo lweNtsapho olwakhayo nolwenziwa rhoqo lunokunceda intsapho yakho ingamlibali uYehova. Ninokuzoyisa njani iingxaki ezinokwenza lungabikho unqulo lwentsapho?


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I-Grepsr iyinqamlezo elinqabileyo nelinen elula, apho abasebenzisi banokuqokelela nokuhlela idatha evela kumnatha. Ijolise kubasebenzisi abangenalo lobugcisa abazimisele ukuhlawula i-premium ukwenzela ukuba idatha yabo idityaniswe kwaye ihlelwe ngendlela ehlelwe kakuhle. Isixhobo sokukhutshwa kwewebhu sinika izibonelelo ezilandelayo kubasebenzisi balo:
Gcina ixesha kunye namandla
Abasebenzisi banokukhipha inamba yedatha kumaphepha ahlukeneyo ewebhu ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ubunzima zixhobo ze software. Bamele baqulunqe ikhalenda yabo rhoqo ukuba benze imisebenzi. Inkqubo elula yokwenza isofthiwe kunye ne-user-friendly interface eqondakalayo kubasebenzisi bezobugcisa. Namhlanje abathengi abaninzi basebenzisa eli qonga ukwenza iziphumo ezintle kwiinkampani zabo - how to become an aircraft appraiser. I-Grepsr iqinisekisiwe ukuba iwanike idatha efanelekileyo naluphi na ayidingayo.
Sebenzisa izixhobo ezisebenzayo kunye nemisebenzi ezenzekelayo
iGripsr isebenzisa izixhobo ezithile ezimangalisayo, kunye nenkxaso enkulu kunye nokudibanisa. Ngenxa yoko, inikeza iplati elula kubasebenzisi bayo, abafuna ukusebenzisa izixhobo ezikhethekileyo ukuba bakhiphe phantse nayiphi na into evela kumnatha. Ngokomzekelo, le projekthi isebenza ngeenkcukacha zeB2B, njengamaxabiso emveliso, uluhlu lwamasheya, amagama, kwakunye noqhagamshelwano loshishino.
Ukunikezela ngabasebenzisi ngeqela elixhasayo elimangalisayo
Akusoloko kuyinto elula kubaphandi bewebhu ukususa yonke idatha abayifunayo. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba bazama ukuqokelela amanani eesitokethi ezithile kumakhasi ewebhu kunye newebhusayithi iguqula isakhiwo sayo, ukusekwa kwabo kweso sithuba kufuna ukuhlaziya. Lo ngumsebenzi onokwenziwa yiengcali zeGrespr ezingenayo imali eyongezelelweyo.
Ngubani osebenzisa le nkqubo ye-Software Scraping Software
Kukho inani leenkampani kwiimarike ezifuna ukufumana nokuhlela idatha yabo yewebhu, njengama-arhente amakhulu kunye nabathengisi. Bobabini bafuna idatha yokukhuphisana rhoqo kunye neengcali ze-Grepsr zingabancedisa. Ngaphezu koko, iifom ezincinci zingaphinda zifune uncedo ukukopisha nokunamathisela idatha kwiwebhu ngokuzenzekelayo.
Yenza iiprojekthi nge Grepsr
Xa abasebenzisi benza iprojekthi ethile, esi siqendu sesicatshulwa sibuye sibuye sibuyele kubasebenzisi isicatshulwa esikhethekileyo (intengo). Emva kokuba ixabiso lisetyenziswe, i-extractor yedatha iyadalwa, kwaye inkqubo yokuqokelela idatha iqala. Abaphandi bewebhu baziswa ngabachwephezi be-Grepsr ngezaziso ze-app okanye i-imeyile.
Esi siqalo sesisitoreji sesisitoreji sisebenzisa ukubetha kwebakala, ngoko abasebenzisi banokuqiniseka ukuba yonke inkcazelo yabo iphephile. Ngaphezu koko, kufuneka baqonde ukuba nayiphi na ixesha abayifunayo, banokulawula ngokupheleleyo idatha yabo.


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Lixhelekile usapho lakwaMatanga kwilali yaseVananda eNgqamakhwe emva kokuba kuthe kwadutyulwa ilungu lalo losapho lidutyulwa yindoda engaziwayo.
Ongasekhoyo uNomathamsanqa Matanga, 64, udutyulwe wabhubha kwangoko esemzini wakhe ngethuba ephandle.
Ngokwengxelo ephuma kwiSithethi samaPolisa aseGcuwa uCaptain Jackson Manatha, ixhoba beliziphumela phandle lishiya abazukulwana balo ngaphakathi endlwini.
UManatha uthi abazukulwana beve ngezithonga zompu, xa bephuma phandle bekroba, bafika uninakhulu wabo ethe natya phantsi kwaye sele ebhubhile.
Umrhanelwa khange abonwe mntu nekukholelwa ukuba udubule ixhoba akugqiba wazimela. Oku kwenzeke ngomhla wokuqala emva kwentsimbi yesixhenxe ngorhatya.
Amapolisa aseNgqamakhwe abongoza nabanina onokuthi abe nolwazi malunga noku atsalele amapolisa ku08600 10111.
INkumanda kumaPolisa aseGcuwa uBrigadier Ngangema Xakavu usikhalimele esi sehlo sokubulawa komntu omdala. Kusenjalo, ivele kwinkundla yamatyala akuCentane ngoMvulo indoda exabele yabulala umfazi wayo.
Le ndoda, 36, ixabele ngesikhali esinobungozi kumzimba ongasentla inkosikazi yayo enamashumi amathathu anesine kwikhaya labo eQoboqobo kuCentane.
UManatha uthi isizathu sokuba indoda ibulale inkosikazi yayo asikacaci. Oku kwenzeke ngempelaveki esisuka kuyo.
Ingxelo iqhuba ithi ixhoba libhubhele kwindlela eya kwisibhedlele saseGcuwa. Igama lexhoba nguNondumiso Nombasa Sigodoyi.


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Ikomkhulu LamaNgqina Liza Kufuduka
NgoJulayi 2009, amaNgqina kaYehova athenga umhlaba okumantla eNew York apho aza kufudusela khona ikomkhulu lawo lehlabathi. Lo mhlaba uziihektare ezili-102-hectare (253 a.) ukumgama oziikhilomitha ezimalunga nama-80 (50 mi) kumntla-ntshona wezakhiwo zaseBrooklyn eNew York, izakhiwo zamaNgqina ebezikho ukususela ngowe-1909.
Kwesi sakhiwo sitsha siza kuba neeofisi, izakhiwo zeminye imisebenzi yaseBheteli kunye nezakhiwo ezine zokuhlala apho kuza kuhlala amaNgqina amalunga nama-800. Kucetywa nokwakhiwa imyuziyam yala maxesha eza kubonisa imbali yamaNgqina kaYehova.
Kulo mhlaba uthengiweyo, izakhiwo ziya kuba kumhlaba oziihektare ezili-18 (45 a.), ngaphandle kwehlathi eliwujikelezileyo neendawo zawo ezifumileyo. Umhlaba ongenazakhiwo awuzukuba nengca eninzi. Kunoko, uya kuhambelana kakuhle neendawo ezenziwe ngamaplanga.
Iingcali zokwakha ziye zenza iplani yezakhiwo eziza konga umbane neziza kuhlala ithuba elide, nto leyo eya kubangela ukuba kungasetyenziswa mali ininzi. Ngokomzekelo, uphahla lwezi zakhiwo luza kwenzelwa ukuba amanzi emvula angahlali nokuba zihlale zifudumele. Iiofisi zakhiwe kwindawo enelanga. Enye yezinto eziphambili kwezi zakhiwo ziindlela zokulondoloza amanzi.
Yintoni ebangele ukuba kufuneke le mfuduko? Ngoku kuprintwa iiBhayibhile neencwadi ezithetha ngeBhayibhile nakwezinye iiofisi zamasebe amaNgqina kaYehova ezikwamanye amazwe, nto leyo eyayisenziwa eBrooklyn kuphela. Ngowama-2004, umsebenzi wokuprinta nokuthumela iincwadi owawusenziwa eUnited States wafuduselwa eWallkill, New York, ekumgama omalunga neekhilomitha ezili-145 (90 mi) kumntla-ntshona weBrooklyn.
Nale imfuduko ayizange ibize mali ininzi. Kubiza imali eninzi ukwakha nokugcina izakhiwo zintle eBrooklyn. Xa amaNgqina efudukela kwindawo encinane, anokuyisebenzisa kakuhle kakhulu iminikelo yokuxhasa umsebenzi wawo wokufundisa ngeBhayibhile.
Kufuneka kuhlolisiswe kakuhle yonke into ngaphambi kokuba kuqaliswe umsebenzi. Ukuba konke kubonwe kufanelekile, ngowama-2013 kuza kuqaliswa ukwakha okuya kuthatha iminyaka emine.
Ngaphandle kwesakhiwo esikhulu sokushicilela esiseWallkill, eNew York, amaNgqina kaYehova aneziko lemfundo elisePatterson, eNew York. Le ntlangano ineeofisi zamasebe ezikumazwe amaninzi. AmaNgqina kaYehova asehlabathini lonke angaphezu kwezigidi ezisixhenxe.


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Iinkcukacha zeNkampani
ZHEJIANG FIZZ NEW ENERGY CO.,LTD
Light Source: LED Lamp
Light Type: Solar
Usage: Garden, Street, Other
Certification: CE, RoHS, Other
Lamp Body Material: Aluminum Alloy
Color Temperature: Pure White
Power: Other
Technics: Other
Illumination Time: Other
Cell Type: Ni-MH Battery
Charging Time (H): Other
IP Rating: IP65
Voltage: Other
With Light Source: With Light Source
Packaging: Iikononta okanye amatyala
Imveliso: Sufficient
Ibhanti: FIZZ
Zothutho: Ocean,Land,Air
Indawo yokuQala: KwiChina
Amandla okubonelela: Sufficient
Sekiso: CE-EMC.CE-LVD.FCC.ROHS
HS Code: 8513109000
Port: Ningbo Port,Shanghai Port,China Port
Amandla alanga yinto engapheliyo, ecocekileyo, engahlambulukanga kunye nomthombo onamandla ohlaziyekileyo wendalo. Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla alanga, inzuzo engalinganiyo yococeko, ukhuseleko oluphezulu, ububanzi obuhambelana nolwazi kunye nokwanela kwamandla, ubomi obude kunye nokugcinwa kweminye imithombo yamandla eqhelekileyo. Amandla ombane ibonwa njengowona mthombo obalulekileyo kakhulu wamandla kwiphondo lama-21. Izibane zesitalato zaseSola azidingeki ukuba zibeke iiculo, akukho mfuneko yokunikezelwa kwamandla kagesi, kwaye akukho mrhumo wombane; Ukufumana amandla kunye nokulawulwa kwe-DC; Iinzuzo zokuzinzi kakuhle, ubomi obude, ukukhanya okuphezulu, ukufakela nokugcinwa okulula, ukukhuseleko okuphezulu, ukugcinwa kwamandla kunye nokukhuselwa kokusingqongileyo, kunye noqoqosho nokusebenza. Isithanga selanga sisetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwisitalato sedolophu .Kunokuba njalo Ukuveliswa kwamandla oMbane okanye iMfuneko yoLondolozo lweMpahla okanye iNkqubo yoLawulo lweNkcukachaukukhanyisa .
Iikhathalo zomkhiqizo : Ukukhanya kwelanga > Ukukhanya kweSitet Street


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Isitshayina abafazi ingaba beautiful, kodwa zabo isibheno uyaya kakuhle ngaphaya kwaloo. Ezininzi Entshona abantu bamele attracted ukuba Isitshayina abafazi ngenxa yabo zobuntlola, ubabalo, loyalty kwaye nezinye ezininzi emangalisayo qualities. Ngokwenene, intlanganiso umfazi kwi-China, ingakumbi kuba umntu ophilayo kwi-U. S. okanye kwenye indawo Entshona ihlabathi, unako k ubonakala ngathi njenge umngeni, kodwa ke ngokwenene i-lula. Isitshayina abafazi ingaba irresistible amadoda evela zonke phezu kwehlabathi. Forming a ubudlelwane kunye Isitshayina umfazi kusenokuba intsonkothile, nangona kunjalo – ingakumbi ukuba wena musa ohlala kuyo China okanye athethe Mandarin. Ngethamsanqa, sibe apha ukunceda. Kunye kancinci ulwazi yokulungiselela, yakho amava kunye Isitshayina romance iya kuba ngempumelelo kwaye rewarding. Ungathi nkqu ukufumana inyaniso uthando. I-intanethi yi best indlela ukuba xa kuqaliswayo kuhlangana Isitshayina abafazi, ingakumbi ukuba uhlala kwi-Western lizwe. Ufuna ukuhlala kude jikelele dating zephondo, ezifana Ne okanye eHarmony. Kodwa, yakho chances kuba ingxowa-a kubalulekile ukuphucula ubudlelwane lotshintsho ukuba usebenzisa i-ndawo apho caters ngokukodwa ukuba Asian abafazi abo bamele ukujonga kuhlangana Western abantu. Eyaziwa ngalo Isitshayina Uthando Amakhonkco, lento omnye ethandwa kakhulu khetho. Le ndawo ngu-qhuba yi-Cupid Media womnatha ka-dating zephondo. Thina anayithathela wayenempembelelo enkulu impumelelo kunye nezinye zephondo sebenzisa yi-Cupid Media, kuquka i-Afro Isihloko kwaye Brazil Cupid. China Uthando Cupid ngu ngesingesi kwaye focused kwi-Western abantu ukujonga kuhlangana ukuthelekisa abafazi nabo bahlala kwi-China. Kule ndawo sele phezu enye yezigidi amalungu kwaye inikezela incoko, i-imeyili, ividiyo kwaye imiyalezo ekhawulezayo. Udibanisa ababonisi base abasebenzisi unako khangela iincwadi zabo iyahambelana for free. Oku oyena dating site kwi-China. Waseka kwi nge-i-i-shanghai journalism lwabafundi, namhlanje Jajuan lelona ethandwa kakhulu dating site kwi-China, kwaye enye busiest zephondo kwi yonke le web. Jajuan kwathiwa kwi-Isitshayina. Ukuba ufuna kuphela ukuthetha isingesi, ungasebenzisa kwakhona i kule ndawo, kodwa kuza kufuneka usebenzise umguquleli lwenkqubo abanye khetha. Uninzi web browsers uza guqulela site kuba nawe, kwaye baninzi free iinkqubo ungasebenzisa ukuguqulela private imiyalezo. Oku omnye ethandwa kakhulu kule ndawo, kunye plenty ka-free iinketho ukuphonononga. Qaphela ukuba le ndawo ngu-focused kwi lonke lizwekazi ka-e-Asia. Ukuba ukhe ubene ikhangela Isitshayina abafazi exclusively, uza kuba lokulungiswa: izicwangciso. Nkqu ke, mhlawumbi kuba ukukhangela ngokusebenzisa profiles apho uza kuba akukho inzala. Ngexesha imbono apha elide, intimate budlelwane, ke, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba hayi rush kwi na ubuso ubuso iintlanganiso. China ngu notoriously kunzima kuba nkqu experienced travelers. Kukho yenkcubeko, bureaucratic kwaye nkqu indawo imiqobo apho travelers kufuneka zilungiswe ukuze lawula. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, sicebisa kufuneka bakhulise aqinileyo, substantive budlelwane-intanethi phambi kwenu phambili nayo nayiphi na ukuhamba. Xa wonke umntu elinye nganye nganye, kukho abathile yenkcubeko neeyantlukwano kufuneka lumkela. Ngaphandle i-ukuqonda njani a Isitshayina umfazi ngu ezisuka zande umthetho ngendlela ethile kwiimeko, unxibelelwano kusenokuba hampered. Ngoko ke, kunye caveat ukuba ezi traits uphumelele ukuba isicelo wonke umntu, apha ke amavandlakanya abanye ngokufanayo qualities enxulumene ne-Isitshayina abafazi. Practicality – Ezininzi Isitshayina abafazi ingaba kakhulu frugal. I-stereotype ukuba Isitshayina abafazi ngabo kuphela anomdla i-Western umntu ke imali ngokulula untrue. Uzaku kusenokwenzeka ukuba abe omnye abo baya ukhlala kwi-nicer hotels kwaye kudla ngomhla fancier restaurants. Abaninzi Isitshayina abantu kuba uninzi lwabo imali kulondolozo, hayi imathiriyali izinto. Lento ngokuqinisekileyo, akuthethi ukuba zithetha Isitshayina abafazi ngabo kuphela ukuba attracted Ikomishini abantu abathe kakhulu imali. Kodwa, oko kuthetha ukuba Isitshayina abafazi aren khange ingakumbi ethambileyo kunye abahlala kakhulu lavish ukuzonwabisa. Nkqu ukuba ukhe ubene eyindoda modest kuthetha usakwazi fumana omkhulu impumelelo kwi-ubudlelwane Isitshayina abafazi. Loyal – Isitshayina abafazi ingaba traditionally kakhulu loyal ukuba abayeni babo kwaye boyfriends. Ukuba ukhe ubene hayi ngobukho oku, kunokwenzeka kancinci surprising. Yakho Isitshayina companion babe fawn phezu kwenu, adjusting iingubo zakho, fixing yakho iinwele kwaye ngenye indlela engaging kwi-routine isondlo. Ngokongezelelweyo, musa kuba surprised ukuba yakho Isitshayina girlfriend uza spontaneously ndinenza a meal okanye kunizisa a basele. Ekuphekeni ngu big inxalenye Isitshayina inkcubeko, kwaye traditionally i-basetyhini kwenza elininzi kuyo. Abakwa – Isitshayina abafazi ndinomsebenzi omkhulu uluvo humor, kodwa yinto eyahlukileyo ukusuka lohlobo Western umfazi. Isitshayina abafazi kusenokuba kakhulu blunt. Zabo, uluvo humor ngu ngokuqhelekileyo kakhulu omile kwaye understated. Kuba lokuqala iintlanganiso, kunokubonakala njengoko ukuba nawuphi na jokes ufuna ukwenza ingaba falling cambalala. Ngowe inyaniso, Isitshayina abafazi kusenokuba kakhulu agciniwe, ingakumbi xa oko iza laughing kwaye joking jikelele. Musa worry – oko unako k ubonakala ngathi njenge standoffishness iqhele nje ukuba neentloni, ngakumbi demure personality. Uninzi Isitshayina abafazi kuba ngaphezulu ngaphandle-ndihamba jikelele kuwe njengoko baya get ukwazi wena ngcono. Zininzi jikelele info rich malunga yintoni Isitshayina abafazi ingaba ikhangela kwi-Western umntu. Kuqala kwaye foremost, baya ufuna umntu olilungu mnandi kwaye abo baya siphathe kwabo kakuhle. Yodidi intliziyo ingaba kubalulekile ngakumbi kunokuba ikhangeleka okanye mali impumelelo. Olandelayo, Isitshayina abafazi jonga usapho umntu. Oku akuthethi ukuba necessarily zithetha kufuneka isicwangciso kwi ekubeni abantwana, kodwa uninzi Isitshayina abafazi ingaba kulungile anomdla iqala usapho. Kanjalo, Isitshayina abafazi bakholisa ukuba gravitate ngakulo usapho jikelele. Ukuba unengxaki enkulu eyandisiweyo usapho, abaninzi Isitshayina abafazi uya kufumanisa ukuba ethambileyo kwaye abantu abaqhelekileyo. Ekugqibeleni, Isitshayina abafazi onomdla kuso umntu olilungu financially kwaye socially noxanduva. Njengoko igqunywe ngasentla, oku akuthethi ukuba zithetha ukuthini le ndoda ukuba ibe multimillionaire. Kodwa, Isitshayina abafazi nje ufuna umntu nge steady ingeniso abo akuthethi ukuba enze foolish-mali izigqibo. Socially, baya ufuna umntu olilungu esebenzayo yakhe yokuhlala. Ingingqi yakho ezopolitiko affiliations aren khange ingakumbi ebalulekileyo, nje ukuba ukhe ubene a charitable, reasonably esebenzayo ilungu yakho yokuhlala. Enxulumene oku, kufuneka pretty engamandla ukuphepha ngokuxoxa ezopolitiko imiba jikelele, kwaye Isitshayina urhulumente kokuthile. Kukho ngenene akukho siqinisekiso yakho ekwi-intanethi communications, nkqu nge a dating site, aren khange ekubeni esweni kwezinye fashion yi-government. Ke eyona ukuba nje uphephe na nkqu vaguely ezopolitiko izihloko. Xa uthatha kancinci ixesha ukufunda malunga Isitshayina inkcubeko, kwaye Isitshayina abafazi, ungafumana omkhulu impumelelo siphuhlisa a romanticcomment budlelwane. Kodwa musa worry kakhulu kakhulu. Isitshayina abafazi abo bamele ukujonga kuhlangana Western ngokuqinisekileyo abantu baqonde ukuba kukho izakuba abanye yenkcubeko nempixano, ingakumbi ngexesha lokuqala. Xa uqala kuhlangana umfazi kwi-intanethi, thabathani nihamba kwaye nje kuba ngokwakho. Ndonwabe phambi kwexesha ngomhla ofuna buza imibuzo malunga ntoni umfazi ifuna ngaphandle ubomi. Ingaba yena anomdla iqala usapho? Ingaba yena vula ukuba malunga nenkqubo yolawulo olumanyanisiweyo imfuza of kwelinye ilizwe? Yintoni khetha ka-traits ingaba yena jonga kuba ngawo umntu, kwaye yintoni yakhe amaxabiso jikelele? Isizathu sokuba ucela ezi ntlobo imibuzo ngu kuba ufuna ngokukhawuleza ukuseka abanye mutual amaxabiso kwaye iinjongo, okanye kungenjalo nisolko kunye nje wasting ixesha lakho. China, ngokuqinisekileyo, elikhulu kakhulu kweli lizwe kwaye kwezo meko dating echibini ka-Isitshayina abafazi ngu baninzi. Nge-i-intanethi dating inkonzo, uyakwazi okunokwenzeka kuhlangana kakhulu samakhosikazi omfutshane ngokwe xesha. Kunjalo, eyona ndlela ukufumana ithelekiswa iqabane lakho ukuba ingaba ecacileyo ukuqonda oko ufuna. Ungafuna ngqo hlala phantsi kwaye yenza uluhlu.
Indlela kamsinya ingaba ufuna enye? Yintoni personality traits ingaba ungathanda ngendlela iqabane lakho, kwaye yintoni traits ufuna ukuphepha. Ezininzi Entshona abantu kufuneka ifunyenwe emangalisayo Isitshayina brides, kwaye uyakwazi, kakhulu. Isitshayina abafazi ingaba intelligent, loyal, ekhawulezayo-witted kwaye elimnandi. Nkqu ngcono, baninzi, abafazi abaninzi kwi-China abo bafuna ukuya kuhlangana, umhla kwaye ukuwa ngothando kunye Western umntu. Kunye nje kancinci yokulungiselela, uyakwazi bahlangana Isitshayina kubekho inkqubela yakho amaphupha. Kukho emine engundoqo yenkcubeko imiba apho kufuneka idilesi msinyane kangangoko unako. Ezi iya kuba lohlobo imiqobo apho kufuneka zilungiswe ukuze ibandakanye. Ezi aren ukuba ngenene subjecting kufuneka azise phezulu xa kuqaliswayo. Kodwa, aba ngabo izihloko ukuxoxa kanye romance uqalile ukuphuhlisa, emva kunye nawe kwaye yena kuba ngokomgaqo-unqwenela ukumsukela a budlelwane.
Ezine imiba ingaba
Uza yakhe abazali vumela yakhe enye kuwe? Baya yamkela wena njengelungu zabo usapho? Isitshayina abavela kumazwe angaphandle kuba varying opinions ka-foreigners. Ezinye iintsapho uza uyala ngayo outright. Abanye baya kuba akukho ngxaki. Kukho ngenene akukho ethile, umthetho apha – ngenene kuxhomekeke umntu usapho. (Ngu Mandarin ilizwi awathi kuthetha foreigner. Xa ke hardcore afunge ilizwi, likwakwazi ukwahlula ngokuqhelekileyo asetyenziswa polite incoko. Zama ukunqanda usebenzisa ilizwi ngokwakho, ingakumbi kunye bolunye uhlanga.). Ingaba yena anomdla eshiya China kwaye abahlala kwelinye ilizwe? I-chances kuni ekubeni nako ukusa ku-China ingaba incredibly ekude, ukususela China akuthethi ukuba bathabathe ngeendlela ezininzi immigrants. Ukuze ngokwenene kuba elide, kubalulekile budlelwane, uza kuba kuphela cinga abafazi abathandayo ukuhamba kuwe. Ingaba wakhe abazali ngoku ukuzama hlenga-hlengisa i-mtshato kuba yakhe? Oku kusenokuba ngokufanayo kwi-China kwaye oku kuthetha inani izinto. Ukuba umfazi sele arranged ukuba abe watshata, mhlawumbi akunayo kangako nethuba kunye naye. Kukho kusenokuba abanye kwiimeko apho uza kuba nako ukubonelela ngcono ubomi kunokuba ngoku nakwixesha elizayo umyeni, kwaye usapho babe khetha kuwe endaweni. Ukuba abazali bamele ukuzama hlenga-hlengisa i-mtshato, kodwa akhange na zifunyenweyo a ezilungele umgqatswa, nibe nokuba kwi comment. Yakho suitability emehlweni abo uza mhlawumbi zixhomekeke kakhulu kwi imbono yabo ka-foreigners marrying kwi-usapho lwabo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba usapho likes kuwe, ukuqulunqa a budlelwane kubaluleke kakhulu lula. Yintoni yakhe ubomi njongo? Ukulungele ukuhlasela surprised. Ngokokuba kufutshane kwayo Western abafazi, nisolko ukuza kuthi ga ngoku ngakumbi sifuna ukuva ukuba Isitshayina umfazi ubani imbono yokufumana watshata. Nokuba, ufuna ukwazi yakhe kwinto yonke ubomi iinjongo, ngoko uyakwazi ukubona ukuba babe. ithelekiswa kunye ezizezenu. Kukho zonke ihlela ka-ezongezelelweyo imibuzo uyakwazi buza njengoko nisolko siphuhlisa a budlelwane. I-intanethi unxibelelwano ngu enkulu, indlela get ukwazi umntu. Kunye imiyalezo, ungacinga into ofuna ukuyitsho ezingaphambili. Kanye intuthuzelo inqanaba lusekiwe, nibe khetha imiyalezo yevidiyo okanye incoko. Abaninzi dating iinkonzo kunikela zontathu iifomu ka-unxibelelwano. Musa ukuba neentloni kuba ukuba buza kuba ezongezelelweyo iifoto. Kuba wary na iifoto apho kubonakala Photoshopped okanye ngenye indlela jonga kancinci kakhulu olugqibeleleyo. Kunjalo, kufuneka uzimisele ukuthabatha reciprocate kunye iifoto zakho ngabakhe. Cela into yakhe yena likes ukwenza yayo kubasindisa ixesha. Ithetha ntoni yena ingaba ngempelaveki kunye abahlobo bakhe? Yintoni yakhe hometown ngathi? Ukutya unako kuba ethandwa kakhulu isihloko, kakhulu. Buza wakhe into iintlobo ukutya yena enjoys ekuphekeni kuba herself, kwaye yintoni foods yena enjoys ekuphekeni kuba abanye. (Oku kuza rhoqo ezimbini ezahluka-hlukileyo iimpendulo.) Ekugqibeleni, buza yakhe malunga yakhe amava dating foreigners. Ingaba yena ebhalwe umntu esuka Entshona ilizwe phambi? Ngexesha ngokuqinisekileyo yakhe ezidlulileyo ingaba wakhe ushishino, unako luncedo ukwazi yakhe kwinto yonke amava kunye nezinye cultures. Dating a Isitshayina umfazi kusenokuba ngumsebenzi lumangalisayo. Namhlanje, iteknoloji ivumela abantu ukusuka zonke phezu kwehlabathi ukuba badibane nabo. Ukuba ukhe ubene anomdla intlanganiso a Isitshayina umfazi, akunyanzelekanga ukuba ube bhanyabhanya inkwenkwezi ikhangeleka okanye omkhulu bank i-akhawunti. Ngaba ngokulula kufuneka ibe eshushu, genuine umntu nge ukukuthakazelela ukufunda malunga Isitshayina inkcubeko. Ngezi-goci iincam, ungaya-intanethi namhlanje kwaye ukuqala kwentlanganiso abafazi kamsinya. Uthando abe nje cofa kude. Kakhulu Flirt imisebenzi impartial reviews ka-dating zephondo ukusuka jikelele web. Nazi okulungileyo ukususela engalunganga, ukufumana olugqibeleleyo dating site. Thina uvavanyo kwabo bonke, ngoko ke akunyanzelekanga


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Ihamba phambili
ngamanqaku amathandathu ngoku i-Orlando Pirates emva kokuba ibethe iFree State
Stars ngamagowuli amabini kwelinye (2-1) emdlalweni we-Absa Premier Soccer
League obubanjelwe e-Orlando Stadium ebusuku namhlanje. Amagowuli ancede
iPirates afakwe nguMusa Ntayama noJustin Shonga kwisigaba sesibini somdlalo. Elokubika
leFree State Stars lifakwe ngentloko nguEleazar Rodgers sekusondele ixesha
lokuphela komdlalo. Njengokuba amaqela asilwela indawo ephezulu kwiPSL –
iPirates liqela lokuqala elifikelele kumashumi amahlanu amanqaku kule isizini. Ukuphumelela
kweBucs umdlalo wayo wesithathu kwisithuba seentsuku ezilishumi kuyinika ithuba
elihle lokubambelela phezulu kwiPSL.
Kuyiwe kwixesha
lokuphumla kungekho gowuli ebhodini. Badlale umdlalo oncomekayo abadlali
beStars kwisigaba sokuqala ngoba bakwazile ukuyibamba iPirates engakhange
ikwazi nakanye ukukhabela unozinti. Izinto zijikile kekambe kwesesibini
isiqingatha. Kubekho ukufunquka kwesantya kwiPirates esikhokelele ekufumaneni
kwayo amagowuli ewafumeneyo. Iphantse yaphefumliswa ngoophayiphi kodwa iPirates
ekuzeni kuphela komdlali yiFree State Stars ebuqiqa ibuyelela emhlabeni kaWayne
Sandilans owenze umsebenzi omhle kakhulu. Ukubethwa kwalo iqela
kuthetha ukuthi lisahleli kwindawo yeshumi elinesihlanu – kodwa liza kudlala
Stadium – apho inokunyukela ngasentla ukuba ikwazile ukuphumelela. Komnye umdlalo, iSuperSport United ibambene ngeqanda nePolokwane City, iBlack Leopards ibambene neKaizer Chiefs ngo’1-1, iHighlands Park ibethe iMaritzburg United ngo’1-0 yona iBidvest Wits ibethe iChippa United ngo’1-0 izolo.


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Ubuqhetseba be-Intanethi ngenye yezona zilahleko ezilahlekileyo zemali kwi-Intanethi. IzingaUkuhamba nge-intanethi ngenxa ye-scams kuyinqanaba eliphazamisayo. I-United States ibhale ilahleko ezifikelela ngaphezu kwe-$ 525 yezigidi, umyinge we $ 1,813 nganyeIxhoba ngokweNational White Collar Crime Centre - humaine outil gestion planification. Ubuqhetseba be-intanethi eUnited States baba malunga neepesenti ezingama-90 zexabisoubuqhophololo kwi-intanethi kwihlabathi. Yisongelo efuna ingqalelo ngokukhawuleza.
Amasebe asePolisa asebenza kwi-cybercrime kwihlabathi jikelele kwi-investing systemsukulwa nobuqhetseba be-intanethi kwaye kuyacetyiswa ukuba amaxhoba angabika imali okanye nayiphi na enye inkohliso eyenzeka kwi-Intanethi. Nangona kunjalo,Abasebenzisi be-intanethi bangahlala beqaphele ngokufunda amanqaku kwi-intanethi ye-intanethi njengeBlogs Watch Watch phakathi kwezinye izinto. Naziiinketho ezininzi malunga nokukhwabanisa kwe-intanethi kunye ne-Federal Trade Commission (FTC) njengenye yeyona mibutho ethembekileyomsebenzi.
Amanyathelo alandelayo alandele ukukhwabanisa i-intanethi ayatholakala kwi-intanethi, kodwa kuqala aphaezinye iindlela eziqhelekileyo, ukusuka kwiingcali ezikhokelayo iSemalt ,UJason Adler, esetyenziswe ngabakhohlisi kwi-Intanethi.
I-Business Scam
Kukho ezininzi iintengiso kwi-intanethi ezikhanga abantu ukuba bajoyine amaqela. Shishiniizikhwabaniso ezenzelwe ukukhwabanisa i-intanethi zifuna imali emininzi ngokuthatha inxaxheba kunye nokwenza imisebenzi encinci ye-intanethi kodwa idinga ukusayina nokuthumelaimali yobulungu, uqeqesho, iifizi okanye ukufumana into ethile. Ekugqibeleni, ijika ibe yinto yokulala. Lumnka.
Ubume bokuba ukweba
Ngo-2004, ukwebiwa kwezazisi kubhalwa kwisikhalazo esiphezulu somthengi eUnitedStates. Ubungozi bebu buqhetseba be-intanethi bunzima kangangokuthi kunokukhokelela ekulahlekelweni ngokupheleleyo kwemali kwi-akhawunti yebhanki yexhoba. KuleKwimeko, abaqhophololo bafihla ubungqina babo ukuba bafikelele kwi-akhawunti yeekhredithi ze-victims. Amaxhoba kufuneka axelele iibhanki, i-credit bureau okanyeingxelo kwipolisa ngokukhawuleza.
I-Web Database I-Scam
Ulwazi lomntu siqu njengelayisenisi yokuqhuba kunye nepasipoti esetyenziswe zizibhedlele,iibhanki, kunye nemibutho karhulumente inokufumaneka rhoqo ngamaqhetseba kunye nokwenza uluntu kwi-intanethi. Ulwazi lufikelela kwi-Intanethiukuhlambalaza ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kunye nokukhethwa kwe-cherry. Ubuqhetseba be-intanethi obandakanya ukukhwabanisa kwedatha kufuneka kwaziswe kwiinjongo ezifana neGoogle, Yahoo,kunye ne-Bing ukuze ususwe.
Umphambukisi weNkohlakalo
Ubuqhetseba be-intanethi buya kuba ngethuba le-imeyli ecela uncedo lwemali. Iabaqhophololo badonsa i-akhawunti ye-imeyile yomhlobo wexhoba kwaye bacele uncedo lwezemali nge-Western Union. Kukho iingcebiso ezininziI-PCMag ukuphepha le fom ye-intanethi.
Ukuqhayisa umtshato
Ubuqhetseba be-intanethi buya kufana nefantasy. Kwakhona kuthiwa yi-catfish,Utshutshiso lomtshato lubandakanya umntu othi unothando kunye nexhoba. Umtshutshisi uyalalisa ixhoba ukuba abathumele imali yokuhamba okanye yezokwelaphaindleko. Musa ukuthumela izipho kubantu obaziyo.
Intengiso yabathengi kunye neenkampani zangaphandle
UNxibelelwano lwaBathengi bamazwe ngamazwe kunye noNxibelelwano loNxibelelwano lunenkquboejongene nobuqhetseba be-intanethi obandakanya ukuhlawulwa kwabanikezeli be-intanethi abanganikeli iimveliso. Xa umyalelo we-intanethi ungafikiumthengi, umntu kufuneka abike isiganeko ngoncedo.
Inkohliso ye-intanethi ye-Intanethi
Ugaxekile lunokubangela ukuhlaselwa. Qhagamshelana neKhomishana yoThutho kunye noTshintshisoxa uwa lixhoba logaxekile liphendukile.


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- Izithuba: 1
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umbuzo Xa ufaka intle HD ezifana KLAX, kubonakala eyoyikekayo
- svanarsdel
- isihloko Umbhali
- ngaphandle kweintanethi
- ilungu elitsha
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Xa ukufaka ubuhle photoreal ibukeka kubi ukuba engagqibekanga. Yintoni endiyenzayo mna engalunganga.
Ndiyacela Ngema or Dala i-akhawunti ukuzibandakanya incoko.
- archangelmj12
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- isivakashi
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Kukho izizathu ezimbalwa zeziphumo. Okokuqala ngumgangatho wemifanekiso, kunye nohlobo. Okwesibini, ikhompyutha yakho kufuneka ukwazi ukujongana nomthwalo wemifanekiso kunye nezinye iinkonzo zokunciphisa. Njengoko ufanele ukwazi ukuba i-MSFS yinkqubo yamandla enamandla kunayo yonke eyakhayo yendiza, kwaye nangona iprogram yokuqala yayiyi-dunk, into yokuba uBill Gates wavula amalungelo kwiprogram ye-2007 kunoma ubani okhethiweyo ukuba asebenze. Ngaphandle kwe-STEAM ngamakhulu amawaka okulandwayo unako ukudala i-youre yakho yendawo yonke. Ukuthetha ngokunyanisekileyo, kukho abadali abaninzi abangaphantsi kweminyaka yobudala be-20 kule nkqubo kwaye inyaniso ibona ingcono kwaye imibono engcono yeyiphi indiza iphela, ngaphezu kwe-ACE iqela elikhulu elibandakanyekayo kwinkqubo ye-MSFS. Ngoku ukuba ufuna into enokukugcina iminyaka yokuzama ukuqonda inkqubo kunye nokuyenza ihambe kakuhle, kukho imveliso emibini oyifunayo. Iyokuqala i-fs tweak ye-fps. Esi sixhobo esiyingqayizivele kwaye esiphawulekayo, esilula ukuyisebenzisa kwaye siya kukufundisa into ongaziyo nendlela yokuqonda inkqubo. Okwesibini yi-FSPS XTREME. Oku kuya kunqumla iisokisi zakho. Ndisebenzisa i-500 ye-7 ubudala ye-laptop ye-Toshiba.intel yengundoqo i5.i ibe neenqwelo ze-3850, ii-459 iintlobo zokongeza kunye kunye neenqwelo zeenqwelo-moya ze-45000 eziqhuba iishedyuli zee-lifelife, kwaye zineziqulatho. Iyakuthatha isondele kwiminyaka elishumi kulo nyaka ukwenzela ukuba ifikelele kwaye ihambe kwiikhomputha ze-5 kunye ne-15 reinstalls kunye nokucima izikrini ezimnyama, kwaye ndifumene ikopi yeskripthi kwenkqubo evela kwi-Microsoft. Ndafunda kwi-2007 kwi-microsoft ukuba kwakuya kubakho iiphoso kunye neziphambeko, kodwa nanamhlanje uluntu luya kusinda esiye sithatha inqubo ephakamileyo. Ndiyathemba ukuba oku kuye kunceda, nayiphi na imibuzo, ushiye umyalezo apha kwaye ugula ubuyele kuwe. Iimpawu ezininzi zezorhwebo, kwaye ngokukhawuleza uya kufunda. Ngaphandle koko, yakho kwindawo efanelekileyo kakhulu apha, ngoko ukwenza kwakho kuhle. Iingxaki ngeay? Nantoni na, ndixelele. I-MSFS yangaphambili. Ukuba andifumaneki ndiza kuyifumana.
Ndiyacela Ngema or Dala i-akhawunti ukuzibandakanya incoko.
- rikoooo
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- ngaphandle kweintanethi
- umlawuli
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Mholo,
Ndiyabulela i-archangelmj12 yakho impendulo enkulu.
Svanarsdel, siya kuba nokukulungele ukukunceda ukuba ungasithumela ezinye izikrini, ngoko sinokukuxelela into engalunganga.
Enkosi
UMlawuli Jikelele - - uErik wonwabe Soloko ukunceda
Ndiyacela Ngema or Dala i-akhawunti ukuzibandakanya incoko.
Forum Access
- Ayivumelekanga: ukwenza esitsha sihloko.
- Ayivumelekanga: ukuphendula.
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- Ayivumelekanga: ukuhlela umyalezo wakho.


text:
IsiXhosa
IsiXhosa lolunye lweelwimi zaseMzantsi Afrika ezingundoqo nezaziwayo. Sithethwa ngabantu abaqikelela kwi-7.6 sezigidi okanye i-18% lwabemi baseMzantsi Afrika luphela, ngakumbi kwiphondo leMpuma Koloni neleNtshona Koloni eMzantsi Afrika. Kwimbali yakwaXhosa sinamaqhawe ngamaqhawe kwimiba emininzi. Sinabo ababhali besiXhosa abathi baqaqamba ekunikeni imbali eyiyo ngoXhosa beyinika ngesiXhosa. Zininzi ke iingongoma abanyathela phezu kwazo aba babhali.
Njengazo zonke iilwimi zesiNtu, isiXhosa lulwimi oluhambisana kakhulu nezandi ezenziwa ngamagama. Oko kukuthi amagama abhalwa ngokufanayo nqwa angabizwa ngeendlela ezingafaniyo (ukuwa nokunyuka kwentsholo eyenziwayo xa kubizwa lo magama); namagama abhalwa ngokufanayo angaba neentsingiselo ezingafaniyo. Ngamanye amazwi isiXhosa sisebenzisa amaqabane kunye nezakhi ngokohlobo oluthile olwenza intsingiselo nemvakalo yamagama afanayo nqwa ingafani. Okona kubalulekileyo nangakumbi kulwimi lwesiXhosa kukuba lusebenzisa iziqhakancu, u-x, u-c, no-q.
Udumo lwesiXhosa lubonakala kumhobe wesizwe saseMzantsi Afrika, UNkosi sikelela iAfrika, owabhalwa nguEnoch Sontonga nowaye ngumXhosa ngokokuzalwa. Kwalona igama lolwimi lunesandi u-x. UMama uMiriam Makeba owayeyimvumi yaseMzantsi Afrika, walusasaza udumo lwengoma ethi "Igqirha lendlela" ebhalwe ngesiXhosa. Loo ngoma idume ngokuba nezandi/neziqhakancu u-q, u-gq no-ngq.
Lona ke ulwimi lubhala ngesiLatini, lunefonetiki nolwimi ulufundiswayo ezikolweni, koonokholeji nasezidyunivesithi.
Ulwimi lwesiXhosa kukuphela kolwimi lwesintu olufundiswa esikolweni eMpuma Koloni. Umzekelo: nangona amaMpondo ethetha isiMpondo, amaBhaca ethetha isiBhaca ngokuthi ayatshefula, nabanye abantu bethatha iilwimi zabo, kodwa xa kusiyiwa esikolweni, lunye ulwimi lwemveli olutitshwa ezikolweni, sisiXhosa. Zohluka-hlukene iintlanga zaseMpuma-Koloni. Kukho amaMpondo (utata uOliver Tambo uliMpondo, Kukho abaThembu (utata uMandela ungumThembu), amaBhaca, amaMpondomise, amaMfengu, amaRharhabe, amaGcaleka, amaNgqunukhwebe kunye nezinye izihlakani. Loo nto eye yadala ukubakho kwesiXhosa seengingqi.
Contents
Ababhali ababalulekileyo[tshintsha | Yenza izilungiso kokubhaliweyo]
UNontando Jabavu[tshintsha | Yenza izilungiso kokubhaliweyo]
Umbhali nentatheli uHelen Nontando (Noni) Jabavu wazalelwa kusapho lwezifundiswa eMpuma Koloni ngama-1919. Wathi akubaneminyaka elishumi elinesithathu, wafunda eNgilandi, waqhubekeka ehlala phaya iminyaka emininzi. Waba ngomnye wababhali neentatheli zase-Afrika ezingamanina.
Ngama-1955 uNoni Jabavu wabuyela eMzantsi Afrika wahlala iinyanga ezintathu. Watyelela uyise uNjingalwazi D.D.T. Jabavu waseForthare, nezizalwane eMpuma Koloni naseGoli. i’The Ochre People’ eyapapashwa okokuqala ngama-1963 yingxelo ecacileyo yohambo lwakhe nequlathe iinkumbulo ezicace gca neziqondakalayo zelizwe awayelithanda nabantu awadibana nabo.
“Ilizwi lombhali” kuDrawn in Colour nalo lingabangumdla:
“Ndingowamazwe amabini endinyaniseke kuwo: UMzantsi Afrika apho ndazalelwa khona neNgilandi apho ndafunda khona. Ndithe xa ndifumana intambo evela kutata, ndabhabha ndabuyela eMzantsi Afrika ukuze ndibephakathi kwaBantu bakuthi, ndishiya umyeni wam onguMngesi emva eLondon. Ekupheleni kwala nyaka, mna naye saya kuhlala eMpuma Afrika, ukusondelela udade ekukuphela kwakhe owayetshatele apho. Apha ndibalise nto ngemvelaphi neemeko endisuka kuzo. Le yingxelo yam ngamava neendlela zokubona izinto zomahluko phakathi kweMpuma noMzantsi Afrika ekungeniseni kwazo intlalo yaseNtshona.
UJabavu wasweleka nge-19 kweyeSilimela ngama-2008 eneminyaka engama-88. Lo mqolo ulandelayo obhalwe yimbongi uMakhosazana Xaba yimbeko efanelekileyo enokunikwa ngenxa yesakhono sakhe sokubhala nobuntatheli.
Isigqibo sam sokubhala ibali ngobomi bukaNoni Jabavu siqhutywe kukufuna ukwazi nokucaphuka okungazenzisiyo ngenxa yento ebibonakala kum njengokungaqatshelwa kwendima yakhe yokuqala njengombhali nentatheli. Ubani kufuneka afunde nje iincwadi zakhe ezimbini (uDrawn in Colour noThe Ochre People) ukuze abone ukuba wayenesiphiwo kangakanani njengombhali weziganeko zobomi. Iikholamu zomhleli zakhe zobuntathetheli zibonakalisa isimbo sokuchaza esakha umfanekiso-ngqonweni ebekufanele ukuba besingaqhelekanga ngexesha lakhe. Ngelixa bendinodliwano-ndlebe noWally Serote owayehlala eBotswana mgokuya uNoni wayehlala khona naye, ndifunde nto eqinisekise iingcinga zam zokuqala ngaye.
“Wayesithi thina madoda asikwazi ukunxulumana naye (uNoni). Wayelinina elaliphila ngaphaya kwamaxesha ethu.” Le nto ithetha lukhulu nangakumbi kuba uSerote yingcali yoncwadi nezenkcubeko yena kuqala.
UTiyo Soga[tshintsha | Yenza izilungiso kokubhaliweyo]
Umhlahlindlela wengqondi yeAfrika uTiyo Soga wazalelwa kwiphondo leMpuma Koloni ngonyaka we-1829. Unina yayinguNosuthu, uyise, uJotello Soga wayengumcebisi omkhulu weNkosi eyongameleyo yamaXhosa, iNkosi uNgqika.
USoga wahamba isikolo seemishinari apho uphawu lwakhe lobulunga lwaqatshelwa yimishinari, uWilliam Chalmers owamlungiselela ukuba abhale uviwo lokungena eTyhume kwisikolo sabafundisi ngonyaka we-1844.
Usoga kuviwo, wakhwankqiswa yingxaki yokuthabatha elula ebhodini. Nangona kunjalo, uChalmers waqinisekisa intloko yaseTyhume, uWilliam Govan amkele uSoga owathi ekuhambeni kwexesha wazibonakalisa, engomnye wabo bathathu babephumelele emagqabini phantse kuzo zonke izifundo zakhe.
Ngonyaka we-1846, “iMfazwe yeZembe” yehla ngakumda kwiphondo leMpuma Koloni, uSoga wazikhusela kunye nonina eFort Armstrong, waqhubeka nokufunda ebusuku ngomlilo. UWilliam Govon wagqiba kwelokubuyela eScotland kwaye wathathela uSoga kuye ukuqhubela phambili amathuba akhe.
USoga ekuthiwa waguqukela ngokugqibeleleyo kwinkolo yobuKrestu eseyinkwenkwana ngenxa yamava okholo awawafumana kwisikolo secawa, waye waphehlelelwa eScotland ngonyaka we-1848.Wabuyela kwiphondo leMpuma Koloni, ukusukela ngonyaka we-1849 wasebenza njengotitshala ngenkolo yobuKrisru nomvangeli phambi kokuba abuyele eScotland ayokufunda izifundo zobuThixo. USoga wathweswa isidanga kwizifundo zobuThixo kwiYunivesithi iGlascow enama-27 eminyaka, wabekwa njengomfundisi webandla i-United Presbyterian Church ngonyaka we-1856, umAfrika wokuqala ukuphumelela oku.
Ngonyaka we-1857, watshata nentokazi yaseScotland,uJanet Burniside. Babenabantwana abasixhenxe. Phambi kokuba abhubhe ngonyaka we-1871, wayalela abantwana bakhe,abanye ewayefuna bafumane imfundo eScotland, ingazange yabenzela ntloni into yokuba uyise wabo wayengum-Afrika. “Yiyo nayiphi na intwana elunge necwenge njengaleyo yehla kwimithambo yabazalwane bam abanyanisekileyo”, wabhala.
Wabiza abantwana bakhe ukonwabela inkumbulo ngomama wabo “njengonobulungisa, inkathalo noqoqosho, intokazi engumKrestu”. “Nakuhlala ninombulelo nokunxulumana kwenu nolumanyano nohlanga olumhlophe”, wabayalela. USoga wabonisa nokuqondana ngokobuzwe ngokubhekiselele kulwabelwano lohambo lwawo onke ama-Afrika, kuquka ukuthi saa kwamakholwa. Kuhambo lwakhe lokubuyela eMzantsi Afrika ngonyaka we-1857, wabhala into ngoku eyaziwa njengephephandaba lokuqala ukuveliswa ngumntu omnyama woMzantsi Afrika.
USoga wabhala iintsomi, amaqhalo, amavo, umlibo weenkosi nembali kwaye ekuthanda ukuqamba amaculo ecawa. Wasebenza ngokungadinwa, efundisa, eshumayela, ebhala- de impilo yakhe yaxhwaleka wosulelwa nasisifo sephepha ngonyaka we-1866.
Nangona kunjalo, waqhubeka wasebenza kuguqulo lwendumasiso lwenoveli yodidi engumzekeliso kaJohn Bunyan, Uhambo lomhambi,walenza ibali lahambelana namava amaXhosa kwaye walenza lwaba lolona ncwadi lubalulekileyo nolunempembelelo kwinkulungwane ye-19 kuMzantis Afrika emva kweBhayibhile. Emva kweminyaka emini, wonyulwa kwibhodi ukuhlaziya uguqulo lweBhayibhile yesiXhosa apho wabanegalelo elikhulu. Nangona, uSoga zange aphile ukuze abone ukupapashwa kwayo. Wasweleka ngenxa yesifo sephepha eThuthurha ngaseGcuwa ngonyaka we-1871 eneminyaka engama-42.
UNtsikana[tshintsha | Yenza izilungiso kokubhaliweyo]
UNtsikana wasungula umbutho wokuqala wamakrestu angam’Afrika pha ngeminyaka ye-1815. Wayekwangumbali wokuqala ngesixhosa obalaseleyo wamaculo ecawa, kwaye iculo lakhe elibalaseleyo liyavela kwiincwadi ezininzi zamaculo ecawa zalemihla. UNtsikane lo wazalwa pha ngeminyaka ye-1780 kwiziswe sikaNgqika owayongamele amaRharhabe, wabaliphakathi ngokomnombo. Wayekhona xeshikweni iwhite settlement ye Eastern Frontier isanda kwaye kukho ungquzulwano phakathi kwamaXhosa nalamasetilane matsha. Utata kaNtsikane, uGaba wayenesithembu njengenkoliso yamaXhosa phambi kokuba aguqulwe (Bokwe 1914,4). Umama wakhe uNonabe wayengumfazi wesibini. Umfazi wokuqala wayenesikhwele waza wathyola uNonabe ngobugqwirha, uNonabe wanyanzeleka ukuba abaleke asindise ubomi bakhe. Emveni kwenyanga ezimbalwa uNtsikana wazalwa. Utata kaNtsikana waya kumlanda xa wayeneminyaka elishuni elinesibini. Njengoko uGaba wayezele intombi kumfazi wokuqala, uNoyiki wamamkela njengonyana wakhe. UNtsikane ukhule esolusa umhlambi katata wakhe kwaye efunda nokuzingela. Xeshikweni elulutsha, uVan Der Kemp weLondon missionary society waza kulenginqgi ihlala uNtsikana. Ukusuka ngowe-1799 ukuya kowe-1801 lemissionary yazama ukushumayeza kodwa impumelelo yayo yabancinci. UNtsikane waqala ukuwuva kuye lomyalezo wobuKrestu. UVan Der Kemp wawushiya umhlaba kaNgqika waya kuhlala eGraaff-Reinet. Imfazwe yalandela kwi-eastern frontier phakathi kweenkosi eziitshatsheleyo zakwaRharhabe, uNgqika noNdlambe. Le mfazwe yaphela kwidabi lase-Amalinda apho uNgqika wohlulwa khona. Amajoni kaNdlambe ahlasele iGrahamstown ngowe1819 (kwi frontier war yesihlanu) kwaye umda wamiliselwa phakathi komlambo iKeiskamma ne Fish river. Zange kwafika missionary kwingingqi kaNtsikane de yabangowe-1816. Yayingumfundisi uJoseph Williams, owavula imissionary station ecaleni komlambo iKat.
Emveni kobukhwetha nokungena ebudodeni, uNtsikana wathwalelwa abafazi ababini. uNontsonta owabangumama kaKobe, uNomamto owabangumama kaDukwana nabaninawa bakhe ababini. Ekuswelekeni kukatata wakhe, uNtsikana wafumana ilifa. Ngelixesha uNtsikane wayeneembono. Wayenenkunzi yenkomo awayeyithanda Kunene, yayilubhelu inamacokoza amhlobhe ineempondo ezinkulu igama layo inguHulushe. Ngenye intsasa wavukela ebuhlanti waya waphawula imitha yelanga ekhanya ukodlula eminye ikhanya kwicala lale nkunzi. Wakhangela imvelaphi yalemitha. Xa ebuza uKobe owayemi ecaleni kwakhe ukuba usibonile na esi sehlo, ukobe waphendula ngelithi hayi andibonanga nto. UNtsikana wamangaliswa sesisehlo. Kwenzeka omnye ummangaliso kwangaloomini emtshatweni. UNtsikana waya waguduka nosapho lwakhe, kwalapha endleleni waya wavasa imbola yakhe. Akekho owayekuqonda okwenzekileyo kuye. Ekuhambeni kweentsuku waqala wandumzela iculo elaphela iliculo lakhe lecawa. Waxelela abantu ukuba kumele bathandaze, waqala ngoko ukubamba inkonzo rhoqo. Wathi mabangalimameli ela xhwele uNxele. Oku yaba sisiqalo sebandla lakhe. UNtsikane akazange ahlale eMission kodwa wayemndwendwela umfundisi uWilliams, nasekuswelekeni kuka Williams waqhubekeka endwendwela umfundisi uBrownlee. Phambi kokuba asweleke ngonyaka we-1821 wayecinga nzulu ngokuyokuhlala kwimissioni iChumie (Hodgson 1981,6). UNtsikana wabhala amaculo ecawa amane, elona laziwayo leli lakhe. Onke asafumaneka kwiincwadi zale mihla zamaculo ecawa.
Albertina Nontsikelelo Sisulu[tshintsha | Yenza izilungiso kokubhaliweyo]
UNkosikazi Nontsikelelo Albertina Sisulu wayengomnye wabantu abafaka isandla ekulweni ingcinezelo, nokwangumhlolokazi wegqala lomzabalazo uMnumzana uWalter Sisulu. Umzabalazo weli loMzantsi Afrika udale iinkokheli ezibo0nakalise ukukhalipha nokuzimisela okubalaseleyo ekujongneni nenkohlakalo yentshutshiso.
U- Albertina Sisulu ube phambili kumzabalazo phantse isiqingatha sonke senkulungwane esilwa inkohlakalo nentshutshiso yenqala, eyeyibangelwa lulawulo ngokobuhlanga. Akabanga ngumzekelo ophilayo nje kumoya wentshukumo yenkululeko, kodwa kwindima ebalulekileyo edlalwa ngabafazi kuwo.
U- Albertina wabangomye woomama ababekhokele amawaka amanina awayesingisele kwiZakhiwo Zomanyano ePitoli, ngexesha le-Women’s March eyindumasi. UAlbertina wazalelwa Phesha-KweNciba ngomnyaka wama-1918. Kwimpilo kamama wakhe eyayingentle, uAlbertina owayeneminyaka elishumi elinanye wayalelwa nguyise owayesele elele kwikhuko lakhe lokufa ukuba aze ajonge abanakwabo kunye noodade bakhe.
U- Albertina wayenezicwangciso zokuba nguNongendi, kodwa endaweni yoko waphela egqiba ekubeni abe ngumongikazi ukuze ukubhatala izifundo zabantakwabo. Ngomnyaka wama- 1944 waye wazimanya ngeqhina lomtshato kunye noMnumzana uWalter Sisulu. Umyeni wakhe wamkhuthaza ekubeni azibandakanye nezopolitiko nasekuncedeni uluntu. Njengomongikazi wayila ucwangciso-ntsapho kummandla wase-Orlando.
Uthe ngomnayaka wama -1955 wazibandakanya nombutho we – A.N.C Women’s League. Ngomnyaka wama – 1956 u-Albetina ekunye noLilian Ngoyi, u-Helen Joseph kunye no-Amila Cachalia, bakhokela amawaka amanina ukusingisela ukusingisela kwiZakhiwo Zomanyano ePitoli ngexesha le Women’s March eyindumasi eyayichasene noluntu oluntsundu ekunyanzelisweni ukuba luphathe amapasi.
Wayengomnye wabaseki bombutho i- United Democratic Movement, I - U.D.M ngamafutshane. Mhla umyeni wakhe wonyulwa njengonobhala jikelele wokuqala weqela le -African National Congress, i - A.N.C ngamafutshane, u – Albertina waba ngumondli – ntsapho.Wayekwalilo neqhagamshela leenkokheli ze – A.N.C Kunye nezo zaziselubhacweni. Amapolisa okhuselo ayemnbandezela rhoqo, kwaye ethintelwa, agwetyelwe ukuhlala ngendlu okanye avalelwe entolongweni, maxesha wambi avalelwe yedwa.
Abakwa Sisulu balizwa ngabantwana abahlanu; u-Max, uLungi, uZwelakhe, uLindiwe kunye noNkululeko, nabantwana abathathu ababamnkela njengababo. Aba ke ngabantwana bodadeka – Walter; u- Gerald, u- Beryl kunye no- Samuel, udade kaWalter wakhula evana kakhulu noWalter ngexa wayeseluvalelweni eRobben Island.
Bonke abantwana babo bakhulele endlwini yabo eyayiseSoweto. Baye bafudukela endlwini entsha eyayise- Linden, eRhawutini kwiminyaka emine nje phambi kokusweleka kuka tata u- Walter, U- Albertina wayigqithisela kubantwana babo imbophelelo yakhe kumzabalazo. Unyana wabo omkhulu u- Max wabanjwa eneminyaka eli-17, waya elubhacweni emva kokubanjwa kukayise e- Rivonia ngomnyaka wama- 1963.
Umntakwabo uZwelakhe wabandakanyeka kupapasho lwe- New Nation eyayisele inyinwe izihlandlo eziliqela. Naye wakhe wabanjwa iminyaka emibini ngaphandle kwengxoxo yetyala lakhe. Sele iyiminyaka engamshumi amahlanu u- Albertina wazibophelela kwi- Albertina Sisulu Foundatione egxile kwimiceli-mngeni abantwana nabantu abadala abajongene nayo. Waye wahlonitshwa ngokuzinikela kwakhe kumzabalazo owawuchasene nocalu-calulo kunye nomsebenzi wentlalo-ntle phakathi kwamanina kunye nabantwana, mhla i- World Peace Council yase- Basel, e- Switzerland yamonyula njengo mongameli wayo.
Ngomnyaka wama-2002 umolokazana wakhe u-Ellinor Sisulu washicilela ibali ngobomi babazali bomyeni wakhe, eyathiywa ngesihloko esithi, “Walter & Albertina Sisulu – In Our Lifetime” apho achaza khona ibali lesi sibini sibalaseleyo. Umama uSisulu wasweleka ngequbuliso ekhayeni lakhe elise – Linden, eRhawutini eneminyaka engama- 92 ngomhla we – 2 KweyeSilimela ngomyaka wama- 2011.
UWellington Gqoba (1840-88)[tshintsha | Yenza izilungiso kokubhaliweyo]
UWilliam Wellington Gqoba (1840-88) wayedume kakhulu ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane yethoba, kwizifundiswa zaseAfrika, nezaziphuma kummandla weMpuma-Koloni yoMzantsi Afrika.
Ngokomsebenzi, wayengumakhi weenqwelo, engumshumayeli osesikweni weFree Church of Scotland, engutitshala, engumbhali wembali, eyimbongi, engumbalisi weembali, iintsomi namaqhalo, ekwanguye nomhleli. Ngokufutshane ngobomi bakhe, usebenze kwiizitishi zemishini njengomfundisi womthetho-siseko wenkolo yobuKhrestu, waze wayigqibezela inkqubela-phambili yobomi bakhe njengomhleli wephepha-ndaba laseLovedale, Isigidimi samaXhosa, apho athe wayila waze wancedisa ekubhaleni izibongo ezithetha phandle ngokubhukuqa nokugweba imfundo yaseNtshona, ukulawulwa kwabantu abamnyama ngabaseNtshona nocalu-calulo ababephantsi kwalo. Lo kaGqoba wayengumfanekiso wendoda yomXhosa efundileyo. Ngokungenakulinganiswa nabani na, ngexesha lakhe lohlobo loluhlu lokubhala kwakhe, ebengumbhali weeleta, amabali eembali ezimfutshane, iinkcazelo zamaqhina, iimbali nezibongo, kuquka izibongo ezimbini ezide ezikwintlobo yeengxoxo-mpikiswano nezabakho ngaphezu kweminyaka engamashumi amahlanu kulwimi lwesiXhosa.
Le ncwadi idibanisa, ikwaguqulela imibhalo ebonakala ngokucace gca kaWilliam Wellington Gqoba kulwimi lwesiNgesi. Le mibhalo iveza imbono yombhali ngoguquko lwesizwe se-Afrika, ekuziqhelelaniseni ngendlela enganelisiyo kumasiko nezithethe nobulungisa baseNtshona, sikhangele ukuqinisekisa ubuni baso ngokuqwalasela kwixesha laso elidlulileyo, sime kwinkcochoyi yokuhlanganisa inkcaso yokuphathwa ngabantu abamhlophe kunye nokwakha intlalo, inkululeko yepolitiki nenkolo yesithanga saseNtshona.
UNontsizi Mgqwetho[tshintsha | Yenza izilungiso kokubhaliweyo]
UNontsizi Mgqwetho ebehlala kwiGoldfields zaseWitwatersrand eMzantsi Afrika, kodwa akazange ayilibale imvela phi yakhe yasemaphandleni phesheya kwenciba, nakumaxesha angaphambili olonwabo apho ubukhosi bamaXhosa obuzimeleyo babukhululekile kwingcinezelo yabebala. Kwisithuba esingangeminyaka elishumi, ukususela ngo1920 ukuya ku1929, wabhala izibongo kwiphephandaba laseRhawutini Umthetheli wa Bantu, Nguye kuphela umntu wokuqala oyimbongi yasetyhini ukuvelisa umsebenzi onobutyebi kwisiXhosa.
Ngaphandle koku kuvelisiweyo kule mibhalo kuncinane kakhulu okwaziwayo ngobomi bakhe. Nge23 kaOkthobha 1920 wayevutha embokweni liqhayiya, umfutho emele izibongo zabasetyhini. Wayethumela imibongo rhoqo kweliphephandaba kwisithuba seminyaka emithathu ukusuka ku1924 ukuya ku1926. ukhe waphumla iminyaka emibini de imibongo yakhe emibini yokugqibela yaphuma ngoDisemba ka1928 nangoJanuwari ka1929. Waze wanyamalala kwisithukuthezi senzolo awayeqhamke kuyo.
Emva koko azange kuvakalento ngakwicala lakhe, kodwa ezi zibongo wazishiyayo zakhawuleza zamenza omnye wamagcisa amakhulu oncwadi akhe abhala isiXhosa. ulilizwi labasetyhini ababandezelekileyo omelana nolawulo ngamadoda, ukhokhelo olungahambeli ndawo, ukungazibandakanyi kwabantsundu, nomnqweno wokubukula nokohluka kwabebala, ukugxojwa kwezoqoqosho kunye nembali eyintlekele yenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba yokuhluthwa komhlaba nenkcubeko.
Amandla akhe uwafumana kunqulo olulolwakhe lwalowo unguThixo wamakrestu, nomama Afrika, nanjengempelesi yentsana zakhe, abo, agxininisa ukuba akudingeki baphendule kwizicelo zokubuya kwakhe njengokuba engazange ahambe, wayexhathise kubantu bakhe abamphoxayo.
Njengokuba imbongi kwakuhlala iyindoda, UNontsizi wayengavinjwa umboko wokubonga esidlangalaleni angakwazi ukunika intlonipho inkosi. Iphephandaba labeka izibongo zakhe ngokusesikweni laze lamnika itikiti lokungena kumphakathi owaphika isithethe. Wayekhululekile ukubonakali/ukuvelisa ilizwi lembongi, wathathe ilungelo lembongi lokugxeka iinkokheli. Njengembongi wayegxile kwimikhuba yoluntu, ejonge ukubumba indlela yokuziphatha kwabantu nokuhlanganisa izenzo zabo.


text:
Ngosuku holide zobusika wonyana wenkosi 8 March at. 17:00 i “Allbergsdagen”, isiganeko rhoqo apho bayamenywa Holm ezinkulu nezincinane ukuya nokubuya sledding kunye tobogganing in Allbergsbacken. Kungenjalo, ukuzihlalela kwi nesoseji okanye ikomityi! Yiza Hamba, usele ikofu okanye ukosa.
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#ShepherdsHut inikeza hot nekofu! Ngoku kukho yokupaka eyenziwe ngasentla kwenduli nayo, kungenjalo, kulungile ukuthatha uhambo yokuhamba emlilweni. wamkelekile!
Umntu zoqhagamshelwano imibuzo
Marianne 076-114 07 07
PS. Ngaba uyazi ukuba HBU limele Izibane yombane Allbergsbacken woyenza namathambeka isebenza bonke abantwana kwisithili? Oku ngenxa ubulungu bakho, ungakwazi ukuxazulula le! 😉
Bona ndlela uphinde ufunde ngakumbi ngayo Allbergsbacken okanye ubukele imifanekiso ngaphambi Allbergsdagen.


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text:
Imoto/Inqwelo amfutha
Imoto ngumatshini wokuhambisa abantu nezinto nezinto
Imoto akusinto iphilayo. Ihashe lingamlayisha limhambise umntu kwanezinye izinto, kodwa aliyomoto.
Ezinye iinqwelo mafutha zihamba emhlabeni. Uninzi lwazo lunamavili.Imizekelo ziibhayisekile, iimoto, iimoto ezinamavili amathathu, kunye noololiwe.
ezinye iinqwelo mafutha zihamba emanzini. Imizekelo, zizikhephe, iinqanawa, kunye neesubmarines.
Iinqwelo mafutha ezihamba esibhakabhakeni zibizwa ngokuba ziinqwelo moya. Imizekelo, zaiinqwelo ntaka akunye neebhaluni.
Iinqwelo ntaka zisenokufumana i-propulsion power kumaziko ngamaziko.
- Ezezihlunu zomzimba wabantu. Imizekelo, ziibhayikekile kunye neskateboards.
- Iinjini. Imizekelo, zii-automobiles, iinqanawa, kunye neenqwelontaka.
- Imibane. Imizekelo, ngoololiwe
- Izilwanyana. imizekelo, ziicarts kunye neechariots.
- Umoya. Imizekelo zii-sailboats kunye nee-iceboats.
- Ezinye iinqwelo mafutha azinawo amandla e-propulsion. imizekelo, ziiglinders kunye neebhaluni.


text:
Usapho
Usapho liqela labantu abaye bathi, kwiimeko ezininzi, bahlale kunye. Babelana ngemali nangokutya kwabo kwaye bamelwe kukukhathalelana. Amalungu alo asenokuzalana ngokwegazi (njengomntu nomnakwabo okanye nodade wabo) okanye ngokubotshelelwa kwabo ngokomthetho, umzekelo ngokwasemtshatweni. Kumasiko amaninzi, amalungu osapho anefani
Usapho lubizwa ngokuba sisiseko sentlalo. Ubomi bosapho bungeemfihlelo zosapho kwaye ukuzalana kwamalungu alo kusondelelene kakhulu kunobomi bukawonke wonke. Kodwa ke kumazwe amaninzi kukho imithetho yako. Umzekelo, kukho imiqathango yokutshata apha kusapho kwaye kuyatshatyalaliswa ukwabelana ngesondo kwamalungu azalanayo, eingakumbi ebantwaneni.
Iintlobo zosapho[tshintsha | Yenza izilungiso kokubhaliweyo]
Zintathu iintlobo zeentsapho, nazi, : usapho lwe-nuclear , usapho lwabazali abangenabalingani kunye nosapho ngokuzalana.
- Usapho lwe-nuclear lunabazali kunye nabantwana usenokuba mnye nangaphezulu bonke behlala ndawonye.
- Usapho olumzali mnye lolo athi emnye nje abe enomntwana omnye okanye abantwana ababini nangaphezulu.
- Usapho ngokuphangaleleyo okanye iintsapho ngomnanyeneyo luthetha utata, umama, intombi, oonyana, umakhulu notat'omkhulu, umalume, u-anti, umzala, abatshana. Kumazwe amaninzi aquka iTshayina, iPakistan kunye ne-India, Lonke usapho ngokwanda kwalo luhlala ndawonye.
Zombini ezi ntsapho "olwabazali bobabini" nolo"lunomzali omnye" babizwa ngokuba ziintsapho "ezikufutshane".
Iintsapho zefoster ziintsapho apho umntwana akhuliswa khona ngabantu abangamzaliyo.
Ukusondelelana [tshintsha | Yenza izilungiso kokubhaliweyo]
Ezinye iintsapho zisondelelene ngokuzalana. Olu luhlu lulandelayo lunika imizekelo yokuzalana ngokwesiNgesi.
Ii-Notes:
Amanye amaphepha anxulumene neli[tshintsha | Yenza izilungiso kokubhaliweyo]
- I-Divorce uqhawulo mtshato
- Inkedama


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Iqakamba
Iqakamba ngumdlalo odlalwa ngamaqela amabini apho kugityiselwayo kubuye kubethwe. Iqela ngalinye linabadlali abalishumi elinanye odlalwa kwibala elimbhoxo. Elinye iqela liya betha, lizama ukufaka amanqaku kangangoko linako, ngoxa elinye lijula kwaye ligadile, lizama ukukhupha iqela elibethayo. Inqaku lifakwa xa imbethi ibethe ibhola ngophini ze ibaleke iyokufika kwelinye icala lebalana ze achike umgca ngaphandle kokukhutshwa. Lamaqela anikana ithuba lokugada nokubetha kube kukuphela kwamangeno.


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IKhemistri
Ikhemestri lelinye lamasebe enzululwazi elisebenza ngee-elements zekhemical nangee-compounds, ikwabonakalisa nendlela ezisebenza ngayo ezi zinto xa zidibene. Ikhemikhali ikwasisifundo ngezinto ezithile ezenza imizimba yethu ngangazo zonke izinto ezisingqongileyo nezilapha emhlabeni.
Contents
imbali[tshintsha | Yenza izilungiso kokubhaliweyo]
Phambi komnyaka we-1600, abantu baafunda ngezinto ukuze bakwazi ukuqonda okokuba zenziwa njani okanye zenzeka njani izinto ezinjengokujika i-lead ibe yigolide, kodwa akuzange kude kubekho mntu ukwaziyo ukukwenza oko. Kwaza ke ngoko kwabizwa ngokuba yi-alchemy. Nangona kunjalo, Ii-Alchemists (abantu abenza i-alchemy) bafumanisa okokuba kukho izinto ezibalulekileyo. Ezo zinto yi-Sulphuric acid kune ne-nitric acid izinto ezimbini abathi bazibhaqa. Zazimbalwa kakhulu ii-elements ezazisaziwa. Ezinye zazo zii-mercury, isilivere, igolide, ne-carbon.
Ikhemistri iqale njengenzululwazi ngeminyaka yee-1600s. Kungoko kanye ke apho bafumanisa ezona nto zakhe zalula neziqhelekileyo ekwenziwa ngazo zonke ezinye izinto. Ezi zinto ke zibizwa ngokuba zii-elements. Enye into abathi bayifunda yeyokokuba igolide ne-lead zii-elements ezahlukeneyo, ngoko ke awunakuzika nge-chemical reaction enye ibe yenye kuzo. I-element yokuqala eyabhaqwa emva komnyaka we-1600 ye-phosphorus, into nje engaqhelekanga eqinileyo nebengezelayo.
Ii-elements zaya zibhaqwa ngokubhaqwa ngokukhawuleza. Abantu bawahlula umoya waba ziintlobo-ntlobo baza bazahlula ii-noble gases kuwo. Kananjalo baaphonononga ii-minerals ezikhethekileyo nezibalulekileyo kumgodi wezimbiwa eSweden ukuze bafumane ii-rare earth metals. I-Radioactivity nayo yafumaneka. Kunamhlanje nje osokhemisti basafumene ii-elements ezahlukeneyo ezili-118. Ezinye zazo zixhaphakile, njenge-oxygen. Ezinye zinqabile kwaye ziphakamile ngexabiso, njengeplatinum. Ezinye azinakufumaneka apha emhlabeni, zingasuke zenziwe kwii-labs, njenge-rutherfordium.
Okoko kwange-1920s, ukwanda kolwazi nge-physics kwazitshintsha ii-theories zoosohhemist' ngokubhekiselele kwii-chemical reactions. ngeekhompyutha nje ezincinane nezikhawulezisayo, oosokhemisti bathi benza izixhobo ezikumgangatho ongentla ukuze ikwazi ukuphicotha izinto. Ezi zixhobo zazithunyelelwe ukuba zikwazi ukufunda nzulu iikhemicals ezikwiMars. Amapolisa akwasebenzisa ezi zixhobo ukuphanda nzulu ngobungqina obuvela kulwaphulo mthetho.
Iintlobo-ntlobo zekhemistri[tshintsha | Yenza izilungiso kokubhaliweyo]
Ziliqela iintlobo zekhemistri. I-Analytical khemistri iqwalasela ezo chemicals zikwizinto. Umzekelo, xa ujonga okokuba ingaba ingakanani na i-arsenic esekutyeni. I-Organic khemistri iqwalasela izinto ezine-carbon kuzo. Umzekelo, ukwenza i-acetylene. I-Inorganic khemistri ijonge kwizinto ezingena-carbon kuzo. Umzekelo omnye kukwenza i-integrated circuit.
Indawo inkulu kwikhemistri yi-polymer khemistri. Le ke ijongana nee-plastics. Umzekelo omnye kukwenza i-nylon. kuba ii-plastics zenziwe ngee-carbon, i-polymer khemistri yinxalenye ye-organic chemistry. Esinye isifundo sese-biochemistry. esi sifundo siqwalasela ikhemistri yezinto ezinobomi. Umzekelo ngowaxa unokubona okokuba i-arsenic iyityhefu njani ebantwini. I-Biochemistry nayo ikwayinxalenye ye-organic khemistri. akho namanye amasebe amaninzi e-khemistri.
Isigama sakwakhemistri[tshintsha | Yenza izilungiso kokubhaliweyo]
Isigama ekwakhelwa kuso[tshintsha | Yenza izilungiso kokubhaliweyo]
Eyona nto yakhelwa kuyo nesisiseko se-element ibizwa ngokuba yi-atom. I-atom sisiseko sokwakhela nesisesona sakhe sasincinane kangangokuba xa ufuna ukuyibona ungayisika i-element ungakhange ude ube uyayicukuceza (uyijike ibe yi-element ekhaphukhaphu, umzekelo ngenuclear fission okanye ngeradioactive decay). I-chemical compound yi-substance eyenziwe ngee-elements ezimbini nangaphezulu. Kwi-compound, ii-atoms ezimbini nangaphezulu zithi zimanyane zenze i-molecule. Intlantsana yothulu okanye intwana yeqabaza lento engamanzi eli libonwa ngamehlo lenziwe nezigidi ngezigidi okanye ngezigidigidi zezi molecules. Imixube ziisubstances apho ii-chemicals are zixutywe khona kodwa zibe zingenantshukumo ziyenzayo okanye ibonakalayo. Umzekelo ngowaxa kudityaniswa isanti netyuwa. Oku kunokujikwa kwakhona kwenziwe ityuwa nesanti ngokwahlukana kwazo. Ii-Chemical compounds zitshintshwa yi-chemical reaction. Umzekelo ingakukutshisa i-sodium bicarbonate, i-baking powder le siyaziyo. kugalelwa amanzi, i-carbon dioxide, kunye nesodium carbonate. Lo mxube awunakujikwa okanye ezi zinto azinakwahlukaniswa.
I-Mole[tshintsha | Yenza izilungiso kokubhaliweyo]
I-mole sisixa esikhulu kakhulu see-atoms (602,214,150,000,000,000,000,000 atoms). Ubunzima be-atom ye-element bungasetyenziswa ukujonga okokuba zingakanani na ii-elements ezenza i-mole. Umzekelo, ubunzima be-atom bumalunga nama-63.55. Oko kuthetha okokuba malunga nama 63.55 ee-grams ze-copper metal zine-mole yee-atoms. Ubunzima be-chlorine bumalunga nama-35.45. Oko kuthetha okokuba ama-35.45 ee-grams ze-chlorine ane-mole yee-atoms kuzo.
Kananjalo, Ii-Moles zingasetyenziselwa ukujonga okokuba zingaphi na ii-molecules kwii-chemical compounds. I-Copper(II) chloride ingumzekelo. i-CuCl2 yi-chemical formula yayo. inye i-copper atom (63.55) zimbini zona ii-chlorine atoms (35.45 · 2 = 70.90). Dibanisa bonke ubunzima be-molar obukwii-elements zidibene kunye nobunzima be-molar be-chemical compound buya busanda. (63.55 + 70.90 = 134.45) Oko kuthatha ukuthi ngee-grams ezingama-134.45 ze-copper(II) chloride, kukho i-mole enye yee-molecules ze-copper(II) chloride. Eli gama lisetyenziswa xa kubalwa okokuba zingaphi na ii-chemicals ezifuneka kwi-chemical reaction xa kungekho ntshukumo reaction (ii-chemicals ezi-reacted) ishiyekileyo. Ukuba kusetyenziswe i-reactant eninzi, kuzakuba ii-reactants ezishiyekileyo kwi-chemical reaction.
Ii-Acids nee-bases[tshintsha | Yenza izilungiso kokubhaliweyo]
Ii-Acids nee-bases ziichemicals ezixhaphakileyo. Ii-Acids zikhupha H+ i-ions xa zisemanzini, zikhuphe nee-bases OH− ions xa zisemanzini. Ii-Acids zinga-react with bases. The H+ ion is taken from the acid by the base. This makes water, H2O. A salt is also made when an acid and a base react together. An example would be reacting hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Hydrochloric acid releases H+ and Cl- ions in water. The base releases Na+ and OH- ions. The H+ and the OH- react to make water. There is a solution of sodium chloride (NaCl) left. Sodium chloride is a salt.
Umsebenzi obalulekileyo[tshintsha | Yenza izilungiso kokubhaliweyo]
Ikhemistri ibaluleke kakhulu kwintlalo yemihla ngemihla kwaye yenza isiseko samasebe amaninzi enzululwazi. Ii-objects ezininzi zenziwe zii-chemists (abantu abangoosoKhemistri). Oosokhemistri basebenza ngokungagungqiyo bezama ukufumana ii-substances ezintsha nezibalulekileyo. Oosokhemistri benza amachiza kunye nezinye izinto ezifana nee-paints esizisebenzisa yonke imihla.