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Rafael Correa
U-Rafael Vicente Correa Delgado (UngumSpanish owazalwa ngomhla we-6 ka-April ngomnyaka ka-1963), ngumntu obaluleke kakhulu eMzantsi Melika. Lo mfo ungumongameli weRephablikhi yase-Ecuador, wayekhe wangumongameli wemanyano yeezizwe ezimanyeneyo zaseMzantsi Melika. Lo mfo uyingcaphephe kwezoqoqosho, kwaye izifundo zakhe kweli candelo wazinxonxothela kwase-Ecuador, e-Belgium nase-United States. Kwathi xa umnyaka ka-2006 usiya ekupheleni, wonyulwa wabangumongameli. Yhiyo le nto waqalisa kwi-ofisi yakhe njengomongameli ngeyoMqungu okanye ke singathi ngoJanyuwari ka-2007. Kwathi kweyomnga ka-2008, u-Correa wadiza okokuba kukho ityala le-bond elavulwa ngobuqhophololo nokunyoluka elilinganiselwa kwinkuntyula yemali engange-Ş3. Kwakusithiwa ke elo tyala lenziwa noorhulumente bangaphambili.
Rafael Correa (1963)

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Ibhokhwe
Elona gama lesiNguni esibizwa ngaso esi silwanyana "yimbuzi". Abantu abaninzi bayakuthi eli gama lelesiZulu. Kanti hayi khona, belisayakusetyenziswa ngabo bonke abantu abantetho yabo isisiNguni. Kwathi ke ngenxa yefuthe lolwimi lwesiBhulu kumaXhosa, kwasetyenziswa eli gama lithi 'Ibhokhwe'
Ibhokhwe nenkomo zizilwanyana zasekhaya ezibaluleke kakhulu kubantu bemveli baseMzantsi Afrika. Bekuhlalwa kusenziwa ngazo imicimbi enje ngamasiko ekuhlaleni. Ubuyakusoloko usiva kuthethwa ngebhokhwe xa kusenziwa imicimbi yekhaya emincinane. Kanti ke yona inkomo ibibaluleke nangaphezulu kuba kaloku ibixhelwa xa kukho imicimbi emikhulu. Iigusha ezi ziyafika zize nabelungu yiyo le nto kuthiwa ngamadlagusha.
Mandulo phaya umntu omnyama wayengayifaki kowakhe umlomo igusha, eyicekisa, kuba kaloku wayengayazi. Nditsho nehagu le iyafika kweli lizwe, yayingekho mandulo. Yibhokhwe negusha ezona zilwanyana bezixhelwa, zityiwe.


text:
South African Voices: Created in Olden Times (2006)
NONGENILE MASITHATHU ZENANI: AUTOBIOGRAPHY, VERSION TWO
In this version of Masithathu Zenani's autobiography, she again provides considerable detail regarding her marriage. "The black head coverings were removed and placed on the ground. We kept our heads low; we bowed reverentially toward the people that day. Yes, I bowed my head, being a young woman who was perfect in her home. My sister too was fine; she had a good complexion, even better than mine. So we were on our knees, facing the men, and the men burst out and said, 'Yho yho yho yho yho!' There was even a man who went further, who said, 'My daughter-in-law, we loved her even before we saw her!'"
Ke...yena ke uMasithathu ngenqubo[990] yakhe...ekuboneni apho imvela yakhe uthe ke mhla aya kwendiswa emzini wakhe...behamba ke beluduli olo...iintombi zimbini...enye intombi yayingudadewabo omalekelayo...yayinguye udadewabo lowo umalekelayo kunye nayo enye intombi yelali...amankazana emabini amadoda emabini ilikhehle kunye nenye indoda esentsha noko...iyinkazana endala kunye nenye inkazana esentsha nok' esebhetelana...kuthe ke ekuhambeni apho nxana kwakuphunywa emlanjeni owawuligama li--- kuthiwa kuseQwaninga kuloo mlambo...kuhanjwa ngeyo[991] indlela eyayiyiyo[992] indlela yinqwelo...kuhanjiwe ke ngabantu abo basemzini belolo ndwendwe luya kwendisa e--- kuNkanga apho kwakusiyiwa khona engqaqini isibonda uMabala...apho ke kuthe nxa kuqatyelwa nje ngandlela...okokuba iindlela ezi ziye zithi nxa zifumana idrayi[993] ngedrayi kubekho indlela enqumlayo engeyindlela yeenyawo...kwahanjwa ngeyeenyawo ukusukwa kundlela yenqwelo...kusingiselwe ukuya kuwelwa entlanjaneni noko yona iyintlambo nje ingenamanzi...nxa behamba ke babeqhu---qhuba inkomo ekuthiwa igama layo yimpothulo ngesiko lesiXhosa...into leyo ekuthiwa iqhutywa yintombi xa iya kwenda emzini...ukuze kulo mzi ithi yakufika ibe yinkomo eza kuxhelwa ekuseni kuba kufike uduli ngephezolo...ithe ke inkomo leyo loo nkabi babeyiqhuba[994] ilubhelu igama layo inguSelani...yaze yanokubaleka kuba iyiyo inkomo eqhutywa phambili ize usapho loduli lona lube ngemva...ngoko ke iqhutywa yona yile ndoda ke yesibini apha eludulini yaqalisa inkomo enguSelani...yaqhabalaka yabudlokova[995] yaze yathi ukuba ixesha eli kwakuxa kuratyelayo...yaduka ngenxa yokwena kwelizwe elo kuba ilizwe lona linemithi...linamatyholo linengca ende...lineendonga ngeendonga ezenza ukuthi into nxa kuratyeleyo ibe nokusitha-sithela yaqala ke indoda leyo iyisukela inkomo iyizisa endleleni ayabi nakubonana nayo yalahleka inkomo ijikile indoda yeza kuqela eli layo ihamba nalo...ithe yakufika yathi ahee! andiyiboni le nkomo...mhlayimbi le nkomo ijikile...ayiyazi le ndawo siya kuyo ibe ke inkomo le yinkabi endala le nto ke iyinkomo ayifuni ukuqhutywa yodwa...kungqinelwene ngaloo nto yiloo mfumba yabantu boduli besithi ewe iya kuthi ngale nto yokuba ihamba yodwa...ithi kanti ngoku ngokuphela kwamehlo kuba kumnyama ithi kant' ijikile...iyokuthi[996] kanti ke ngoku ibheke kwa sekhayeni emva...kumiwe ke luduli kusithiwa kuza kuthiwani ke...nxa ngonje ingekhoyo le nkomo...kuboniswene ngokokuba makuhanjwe kuba uduli alinakujika ndleleni kufuneka lona luhambile ukuze luthi lakufika kumzi eliya kuwo...kuhanjwe ekuseni ngoonozakuzaku abo boduli baphindele emakhayeni ukuya kukhangela okokuba le nkomo ayikho na...ukuze ke iphoswe lolu suku ibiza kuxhelwa ngalo ixhelwe ke ngoku kusuku lesibini...kuthe ke kwakuba kuboniswana ngolo hlobo kwahanjwa ke...indlela leyo...eya apho 'be kusiyiwa...kuthe kwakuba kuqatyelwe kunduli indulana yokuqala ekuthiwa igama layo nguNqangana...kwaye kukho ikwali[997] ebucala njengoko behamba isekhohlo kubo bafike baphumla apho kuthe kwakuba kuhleliwe apho kwatshaywa iinqawa nga batshayayo kuloo ndawo yaye ke 'se kuratyele kakhulu ke ngoku...kuhanjiwe ke ngexesha kwathiwa hayi masihambe kwahanjwa...inyusiwe ke indlela idraya inyuka kwalile nxa kumalunga nomzi ekuyiwa kuwo luduli olo...kwabonakala okokuba isiphambuka sokujika kuyiwe kulo mzi akukho isiqondayo...kodwa ke mna mtshakazi uyayo kulo mzi ndiyasazi kwakho umbuzo othi kunkazana endala ungasiyeka na wena ngenxa yokokuba kuya kwendiswa wena ungasixeleli indlela...sibe sinyubatya ebusuku kukhona wod'[998] ujike na ngaloo nto ndihleli tu ke mna ndiya kwendiswa andithethanga...kwahanjwa ke kodwa ke ndibona mna okuba ayiyondlela le kuhanjwa ngayo ngoku kuya kuqatyelwa evenkileni...ivenkile leyo yayiyiyo[999] ivenkile yakuNkanga ingaphezulu yona ivenkile leyo e--- kundawo esisibhene uthi nxa uqabele noko uncwase ngathi uyehla nxa uya apho evenkileni...igama lomlungu wevenkile ngezo mini kulo minyaka yokokwenda kwam kude ke kudala yayinguBen ngoko umlungu waloo venkile kuthiwa igama lakhe nguBen Blaudin...ngoko ke yathi yonke le mfumba ndayibona kuba isingisela evenkileni kwaye kwakukho ngoko umzi owawuphezu kwevenkile ngaphandle entla kwayo...lo mzi igama lawo kwakukwaGomomo[1000] emaQwambini...ngonje bathi ke aba bantu nxa bakudrayi uba beza kuqabela kuNkanga beme bathi hayi noko ngathi lo mzi awukho ngapha...bathi abanye asinguwo nalo usentla kwevenkile...kuvele omnye wathi hayi ingathi lo mzi ulapha ngaphantsi...kuba lo mzi mkhulu waye ungumzi oneenqwelo ufuyile ngazo[1001] mini yayingumzi owawumkhulu[1002] ...kuvele omnye wathi nganijike[1003] noko nganikhe niqabele...kuqatyelwe endleleni yenqwelo ongathi xa uyibona ngala maxesha sithetha ngawo kuba ngoku 'se ilo lunye uhlobo...kanti ngoko yayingenjalo...ngoku inomhlaba ombiweyo ofumbileyo yenziwa ubukwali ngala maxesha ke la wangoku 'se eneetektar'[1004] ...zazingekho ke ezo 'nto ngezo mini zokokwam ukwenda kwakungekabikho nto injalo kwakusathiwa nxa kwenziwa indlela eza kuhamba imoto...kuqeshwe amadoda embe indlela ngeepeki[1005] esenza ingoma athabathe kunye ukuphakamisa iingalo esithi imigcobo yokuvuma ingoma eswabulukileyo bangazixhesh' besithi
wayilenga ndingayilenga[1006]
le ngalo yam nka!
loo nto ke iipeki zihambe ngolo hlobo 'ba[1007] besenje[1008] njalo...ngoko ke kungekabikho yonke le nyakanyaka ibonakala phambi koba sibona ke xa kungoku...ngoko yayizimotwana ezingenje ngezi sizibonayo sisithi ukuyibiza loo nto wakuyibona ngebhaqo sithi yimotokali[1009] ...kuba into eyayise ixhaphake ngelo xesha yayiyikali[1010] ibotshw' amahashi[1011] amabini...sithe ke nxa sihleli ke ngakulo mhlaba ukhoyo ngoku wawungekho ngoko...uyingca kuloo ndawo...kwakho umlilo okhanyayo waye lo mlilo ukhanya ku--- kudana kuthi kusuke ke kwathiwa kulo mfana ungunozakuzaku...makaye kulaa mzi ukhanyayo akhe abize umnyatheli[1012] khona umnyatheli ke ngumntu ngesiXhosa...akh' abuze kuye okokuba lo mzi siya kuwo undawoni na...uyile ke lowo uyindodana waya kulo mzi sahlala phantsi sonke ufikile apho wanqonqoza khona kwathiwa ke makangene wathi yena vela ndingumhambi ndifuna ukubuza...kuvele umfana apho emnyango ogama linguNgodwana...wathi kuye u--- ungumntu ovela phi na...uthe yena unozakuzaku lo ndingmuntu ovela kude ke kodwa apha ndifuna umzi endihambela kuwo...watsho wathi lo mfana uphi lo mzi...wathi lo ukuphendula ukweli lizwe lakuNkanga emaNtlaneni...wathi lo mfana oo ngaba ke nilolu ndwendwe silulindileyo...ke nangu lo mzi ngapheshey' apha...njengoko ke 'se kusebusuku obutsha kodwa uratya olukhulu...la maxesha kutyiwayo nga bakhawulezisa ukutya...awubonakali[1013] kuba inyanga itshonile...wathi ukufitshane noko nangoku ndingathi nxa ndinokuthetha ngamandla...bangeva kodwa kwakuba kude ke kuwe wen' ulundwendwe baphi na ke abanye ohamba nabo...uthe umfana hayi bakhona endihamba nabo naba ngaphezulu phaya endithe ma'khe bahlale ndibuze...watsho ke wathi masiye kubo ndinikhaphe...uhambile ke lo mfana encokola nonozakuzaku lowo waseludulini...esithi nilundwendwe lakowethu kulo mzi niya kuwo kukwakowethu ngumzi mnye lowo...e--- lo mtshakazi nimsayo uya kumkhuluwa wam...mna ndingumninawa wakhe...singamaNtlane ke noko ndiza kunikhapha ndonifikisa[1014] ...ufikile ke sihleli njalo unozakuzaku ehamba nalo mntu saye sisiva nangoku bezayo ukuba bayancokola kuyolile loo nto ke ngesiXhosa kumandi...bayahleka...bafike ke wathi unozakuzaku oo phakamani ke nithwale...yaye ke ezi mpahla zithwelweyo oozimbiza oozibhekile oozitya oozintoni yonke into ngalo maxesha ke kokwam ukwenda kwakungekabikho bhokis'[1015] ...ekuthi kubekho ityesi[1016] yayisithi[1017] impahla yonke ifakwe koomagxa nasezi-emeleni enye isongelwe emakukhweni enye ithwalwe ngeeqhiya...kuhanjiwe ke kwahanjwa ke ngoku 'se kuhanjwa nalo mfana...kwaye kwakujikelwa indlela kuba yayibetha phantsi koNkanga kwajikelwa phantsi koNkanga lowo kwawelwa ntlanjana kwaphinda kwawelwa ntlanjana ubuntlanjana nanje bokwakheka komhlaba ingasiyo imilambo...ukungaphesheya akuxelwa phesheya kwamlambo kuthiwe pheshey' apha kuxelwa ukufothoka komhlab'...kuthe ukuba kwakuse kumnyama yanga loo nto kuza kwenzakalwa kwaqalisiwa ukuba njengoko sihamba ngathi thina sihamba emaweni ndaye mna ndambethe iblankethe[1018] entsha...ekuthe leya 'be ndiyambathiswe kwasekhaya...yiyo le ndisambethe yona nangoku...loo nto ke...sihambile ke apho sahamba sisithi ke nxa sikhwezayo kwala khona okokuba kube kufitshane kulo mzi ndisiwa kuwo kwaye kukho amatyholo amatyhol' omthi umthi oyimimbongisa kwaye kukho imisenge kwaye kukho amatyholo la matyholo ayixhagile indlela...athi la angentla amatyholo anemithi[1019] imipesika[1020] ...abathe nxa 'se sihleli ngoku yaba yiyo igadi[1021] yalo mzi wam yokuqala eyayingekabawo[1022] sihambile ke apho si--- 'se sithantaswa thina mantombazana kuba apha eludulini le nto ingumnt' oya kwenda nguyen' ugcinwayo ukuba angakhubeki ukuze awe abe nesiphako indawo eyenzakeleyo kugcinwe yena ikakhulu...'se kumane ke ngoku kusondelwa kum ndibanjwe uba ndingenzakali...sihambe kulo mzi sahla entla komzi...safika sahlala entla komzi apho kuphume izinja zakhonkotha zaye zikhonkotha lo mfana ub'esikhapha ungowasemaNtlaneni ethe yena sakuhlala wahamba wabheka endlini kuba kukwakowabo kanti phaya endlini uchaze okokuba ndiza nolaa ndwendwe...ngoko ke izinja zaye izinja zizizinja ezinintshi kulo mzi zikhonkotha le nto yale mfumba ihleli entla komzi kuphume apha endlini intombazana e'se yendile eyiyo inkazana ngegama lesiko lesiXhosa ukuba intombi nxa ikowayo noba isuka emzini wayo kuthiwa yinkazana yasekhay' apha...yesuka ke le nkazana iphuma endlini yeza yafika yabuza ukuba ningabanyatheli abavela phi na kuthiwe ukuthethwa kwathiwa kuvelwa phesheya koMbashe kuyiwa eNciba ke apha ukwenjenje oku noko kukutshonelwa lilanga ibe ke kwakhona sinaye umntana ongaphilanga...ke noko sicela indawo iqhakathisile inkazana kuba lo mthetho ulisiko kwenjiwa[1023] njalo xa kuthethwayo esaziwa nje umnyatheli lo...yathi ke kaloku ke ngumzi lo oniwuyila[1024] phi na[1025] ...lo nicela indawo kuwo...kwathiwa ukuphendulwa hayi noko asenzelanga naloo nto senzela nje ukuba kuleli xesha abe ke nempilo yakhe lo mntana ibuhlungu kuba uyaqhwalela ukuqhwalela ke kunzima ukuhamba emnyameni...yabe ke nakuloo mnyama angamawa la kudala uyasisinda kuba siyambeleka...watsho ke lowo uyinkazana wathi oo hayi ke ndisaya kuxela endlini utsho wemka...umke umzuzu...sihleli ke thina apho...mna ke ndigqumathele ngeblankethe...ingubo entsha...eqalisa ukwambathwa...saye ke sigqumathele nxa sisonke neentombi ezi zingabakhaphi...ngudadewethu enye yalekela mna e--- nayo zindixhagile usecalu kwam enye yenye ilali i--- eze ngokongeza nayo igqumathele sihleli njalo apho...kuthe kulo mzuzu yabonakala iphinda isiza laa nkazana...yafika yathi mm phakamani ke kuthiwa yiyani kulaa ndlu...sisukumile ke apho gubhu yonke loo mfumba kwayiwa ke kuloo ndlu sithe sakungena kule ndlu safika kundlu ekhutshwe impahla le ndlu isindiwe le ndlu isindwe ngobulongwe benkomo le ndlu kukho iinkuni ezibekwe egumbini ngasemnyango...ezinye zicandiwe ezinye azicandwanga kube nokuba kuphenjiwe kwayiyo le nkazana apha eziko ngoku ke sifike ke apho kwandlalwa ke...sahlala kwabotshelelwa umraji wenye indoda kumadoda asihamba nawo...kwenziwa iraladiya ngawo sahlala thina ngaphaya kwalo mraji...kuthe nxa kumzuzwana kancinane kwanqonqozwa kwathi kwakuba kunqonqoziwe kwathiwa kuziswa into etyiwayo yaye kuphakwe ukutya okugama lakho lingumngqusho ogalelwe iimbotyi...kubekwe ke ezo zitya kwaba ke kuyatyiwa ke apha endlini...ube ke igama lomfo lo ungunozakuzaku elithi ke sinomyalelo...esilahlekelwe yinto e'be siyiphethe ke loo nto sinesicelwana soba iya 'ba[1026] yiyo into eya kwenza unozakuzaku...unozakuzaku aphume ekuseni akh' emke akhe ayokufika ekhayeni ngokuqonda ukulahleka kwaloo nto noko 'be sihamba siyiphethe...loo nto ke itshoyo bathetha ngalaa nkomo ilahleke esibheneni sokuphambuka endleleni yenqwelo...ukuba kusukwa eQwaninga...ngoko ke kwakukho gama apho imizi eyayikho kweso sithuba yayinamagama wawo...enanamhlanje ke isekho eminye...ngoku kuthe nxa kuyiloo nto kwavunywa loo nto ke wahamba waya kuyichaza loo nto oyinkazana endlIni yaba ke yinto elindwe ngolo hlobo kodwa nabant' aba basemzini...benayo ingqondo yokokuba le nt' inalo myalelo 'fan' ukuba yimpothulo...le nt' ibalahlekeleyo...ide bazoyiyaleza nje 'fan' ukuba bacinga ukuba kaloku lijongiwe ixesha layo...yazama kuthi ke loo nto kwahlaliwa ke e--- kulindiwe njalo kwalile kwangoko kungekalalwa njalo kwafika omnye ekhaya apho wathi nkqo kwathiwa apha edulini[1027] ngaphakathi...wafika kwabuzwa uyathetha ke umnyatheli wasemzini...uthe lowo ewe ndiyathetha e--- ndithunywa phaya endlini...ke kuthiwa ma'khe kuphume enye indoda apha ikhe izokufanisa kuba kukho into esingayaziyo singazi ke phofu noba ngaba yile 'be nisith' ilahlekile na nihamba...kuba asiyazi naleyo yen' ilahlekileyo ukuba ib' injani na kodwa ke ikhona into esifunisana ngayo efike yona apha...kungekabi mnyama ifike yona ngongcwaz'[1028] ...ku--- nxa kugqityw' ukuvalelwa yafika...khanikhangele...kuthe kwa oko waphakama umnyatheli waseludulini watsho lo umtsha umfo wagxilana[1029] nexhego laseludulini ukuya kukhangela...nxa beyokukhangela bafike iyilaa nkomo 'be beyiqhuba igama linguSelani inkabi elubhelu yafika yamangalisa kubo loo nto nxa kanti ngoku bafikayo apha kudala yona yaba lapha...bathe yiyo le yile 'be sithetha ngayo kuthiwe ke apho emaNtlaneni kudala le nkomo ilapha nifika nje ilapha ifike nxa kuvalelwayo yafika yona yalala phakathi kwesibaya phambi kwesango y--- yajongisa esangweni ebuhlanti...loo nto ke ilele phakathi kwamasango...siyijonge kuqala ngokokuba 'fan' ukuba yinkomo nje kuba umzi lo wawunempahla kakhul' uneenkomo unamahashi uneegusha uneenqwelo uneento zonke ngezo mini...ithi into nxa ikhoyo ungananzwa kakhulu ngelinye ixesha iphinde ifanise kwaneza lapha kungekho nto iqhwalaselwe ngokokuba ingeyaphi[1030] na...kuhleliwe ke babuya abantu phandle bathi heee simanga le nkomo ithe kanti yona njengoko silahleka thina siya kuqabela kuNkanga sifun' ukubhek' evenkileni kanti yona iya kwazi ekhay' apha ukubonakala okokuba ngokuya ib' isishiya ngapha kuNdlambe ib' isishiyela le nto yokokuba siza kuyilahla sihambe siyiqhubel' aph' ingayikhona yona yasishiya yathi mayizohlala yona 'ze sidubaze sedwa yahlekwa loo nto eludulini gqith' iman' ihlal' ihlekwe yayincoko kwade kwakusasa kanti ke ngexesha las' ekuba kuza kusa kusondela ukuseni uza kuphakama ke unozakuzaku acele abekhaya bamncedise kuxhelwe loo nkomo kusithiwa ke igama layo yimpothulo kanene ke yayityebile ngoku ngummangaliso asingommangaliso wam ngummangaliso wokutyeba kwayo yayigqithisile ukutyeba amafuth' ezalise iibhekile...ngoko ke ithe loo nto yakuba injalo kwafika amaxesha onke okwenziwa yonke into yenziwe ngeemfanelo zayo...ne--- izinto ezingumthula-ntaben' amanz' amaduli i--- zonke kwaye kusilwa umgidi...umgidi ke ukusilwa kwawo kusilwa utywala obukhulu obu tywala ke bukhulu bubutywala okuza kuthathwa umbona asiwe kundlu yoduli kungeniswe amatye kugraywe ukuze ku--- kudidiyelwe ukuze kuphindwe kuthuthwe iintlama...ntombi ezi zizo ezisilayo apha eludulini...kusila mna kunye nabaxhagi bam kule ndlu yoduli...ukuze intlama yona ithuthwe yile ndodana yalapha eludulini...sakugqiba ukusila iyithuthela endlini ngokuhlwa ke kwakulalwa kunqonqoza kwa inkazana...ngenye[1031] indlela ibe ngumfazana oya kuthi ibe ngumfazana omncinci ath' akunqonqoza kuthiwe ngaphakathi...kubuzwe kuye imvela athi ndizokuboleka abantwenyana abantwenyana ke kuxelwa mna kunye neentombi ezindixhagileyo ngesiko lesixhosa umyeni naye uxhagiwe kokwabo kuthathwe amadoda amabini waze wathi umyeni lo wam naye wafaniswa nam...kuba enye indoda yayingumNtlane imxhagile...enye indoda inguDala nanjengoba mna intombi enye yayingudadewethu enye iye yelali...yanjalo le nto nasemyenini wam yanga idaliwe kwaze ngoku kwesukwa ke kwathiwa ke kulo uthi uzokuboleka abantwenyana...kwathiwa asinakuba thina sikhuphe abantwenyana asinalo isiko elinjalo bathi bengekabonwa babe behamba behamba beya kulala namadoda...yathi ukuba le nto ililo isiko kwa yona kwa lesiXhosa kwafuneka yenzekile...ke kufuneka unozakuzaku ephume nokhuko yena ahambe neentombi ezi ezisa kundlu eza kuba nabayeni...apho ke kwakuba kufikiwe umyeni ulala nomkakhe kolakh' ukhuko abakhaphi balala kwa wabo amakhuko okokuba kuthe kwasemini belele apho ukuba semini ke kukuthi kukhanye kakhulu kufuneka nxa kumpondo zankomo ekuseni...baphume abantwenyana abatshakazi bahambe bazokungena kundlu yoduli ukuze unozakuzaku aphume babe benee-emere bayokuvasa umzimba babuye bahlale...ke okokuba kuthe baselwa ayenzeka loo nto abavuka la--- ba--- baliphangele ixesha kuza kudliwa abayeni barole iimali zokokuba belele nabantu abangekabaphiwa kwade kwagqitha ixesha...le nto ke inomyalelo kuba inomdla kunozakuzaku unozakuzaku ukuba bathe abantwenyana bavuka emini unemali ayifumanayo yokudliwa kwabayeni loo mali ngeyakhe[1032] ...ngoku ke kuthiwe ke xa sihambayo 'ze nivuk' emini...ningamane nisithi hayi siyahamba thina kufuneka nilale[1033] ...lo nozakuzaku lo uya kumk' engenamali...sihambe ke...ke ngokuya sihlala phaya...mna ke nomyeni lo wam asikhathazani sihlala nje...abakhaphi aba njengoba bona bengabakhaphi bayaxokozelisana 'ba[1034] bona bayaxhwitha-xhwithana kuba kungumncwaso kukubo omnye uthi kwek'! le ntombi ingase ingagoduk' ibe ngeyam[1035] ...loo nto ke ibe yingxolo aph' endlini...aman' ukuthi ke umyeni lo hayi 'san'[1036] ukufundekela...loo nto ke yahlala ke iqhubile ke loo nto kwade kwafika iigem'[1037] zayo...bade ngenye imini saselwa sathi sakuselwa saye kodwa thina nomyeni wam sihleli aba bona balele 'ba[1038] kaloku bona bayagezelana...ngonje ke ubusuku buhambe koko kugezelana kwabo kud' es'ke ke ngonje kuthi kwakulalwa kube kanti 'se kusisa ngoku nxa ndithi kumyeni wam hayi masihambe ba--- bavuse abanye uthi umyeni wam khawuyeke unozakuzaku uya kuyifumana phi na imali...ndithi mna oo hayi ke kulungile...kanti naxa atshoyo eyona mali iza 'ba[1039] nkulu ngeyomyeni[1040] kanti umyeni yen' akenzanga nto...ufikile unozakuzaku wanqonqoza emnyango wathi akungena wathi heke! zatsho khona...niphiwe ngubani ezi ntombi...kwathiwa khupululu khupululu...yho! hayi uxolo uxolo uxolo noko wathi 'se nditshilo galela galela galela esithi makugalelwe imali esandleni bathandazile abayeni bethandaza nge[1041] likakuba hayi noko iza kufunyanwa sakubheka endlini ke kuyiwe ke endlini apho ngoko asavasa loo mini esithe sakungena eludulini kwathiwa ngunozakuzaku heke ntombi zam 'yabona[1042] ke namhlanje 'se niphinde nangokuhlwa ee--- yabe ke ijongiwe imali ifikile ke[1043] ...ifikile ke imali yathi ke eyabakhaphi yayi-half-gorweni[1044] i-half-gorweni...yathi eyomyeni yazisheleni[1045] ezintandathu...ngoko ke kwahlaliwa ke iyimali kanozakuzaku leyo engathethiyo nje yona esipajini[1046] sakhe...esazonda yena uba makuphinde kubekho enye kuhambile ke eso sithuba kuyiloo nto kuthe waba[1047] umgidi wona uqhuba wavuthwa umgidi kwafuneka ke namhlanje uduli luphume phandle lokubonwa[1048] hee! umoy' angako wethu suka ngaloo mini umoya e--- umoya wamaNtlane kuba ngoku 'se ndibona ndingowakhona 'se ndiwuqonda oo wathi kanti umoya wamaNtlane...noko ke wamhle kuba kaloku wawungenazulu kungadudumi...hayi konke tu into efana nendudumo[1049] yangumoya lisile nka kwaze kwathiwa kulo mzi kujongiwe kwathathw' amaselwa...amaselw' akhangeliswa ngasemoyeni kwa--- kwavingcwa apho...kwathi kwakujongwa kwahletywa kuduli kwathiwa yho!' lo moy' uyaziwa kweli lizwe...kwok'! uyabona k' ukwenziwa amaselwa ajongisw' emoyeni...kwahamba ke ukubheka ebuhlanti 'se kumane kufika umntu othunywa endlini othi...luya kuphuma nini na uduli...hayi hayi hayi hayi 'se silapha 'se silapha...qho! le nto aphind' afik' umntu...luthe luyaphuma nje olu duli ekh' apha lo mfazi ngowenu na ningavumi simbone...hayi hayi hayi hayi 'se silapha mhlekazi nkosi abuy' umva lo mnyatheli...yaye ke loo nto ikuko ukuvasa umzimba wonke ube-clean[1050] loo nto ikuko ukukama[1051] iinwele zilale kufakwe amanquma enkawu entloko into leyo elukiweyo eyenziwe ngentambo...ngenye indlela zibe ntathu phakathi ngenye indlela zibe nelow' ufuna okokuba awakhe atyhileke enze ngohlobo lakhe...loo nto emqaleni ngamayila into echolwa elwandle icholwe le nto elwandle ilolwe ematyeni yenzelwe iintambo ezimbini...ize inxitywe emqaleni ijingiselwe i-chain[1052] ngaphambili elakuthi[1053] lihle esifubeni khon' uze afaneleke amayila...loo nto sisidanga intsimbi eluhlaza abathi ngenye indlela yintsimbi e--- elihobe...ize le ntsimbi ihlohlwe ibe sisikhinci nje esi sikhinci esiroliweyo[1054] isikhinci eside esakuthi[1055] sibe nogaba oluma emathangeni umntu x' aye egaqe ngamadolo...ithiwe gatya ke loo ntsimbi leyo ukuze intombi ingancebeti ingajikeli ibe yiyo int' eza kuma nje ze kolaa thango ibhinqe umtishana omncinci noba ngonjani na kuba iza kuphuma igqumathele ngeqhiya econjululweyo yabekwa nje entloko ukuze le qhiya ibanjwe yiblankethe yona iza kuthi iblankethe ithiwe gatya ngaphezulu kwamagxa ize iyibambe ngaphambili ize ihlalise loo qhiy' ub' ingemki nomoya...wethu kwakuyiloo nto ke ngezo mini zokwenda kwam ngoko ke kuthe kwakubona ukuba kunjalo kwaye ke ngonje ke unozakuzaku ke uza kuba phambili laa ndodana ke ingeyiyo[1056] ixhego apha eludulini...ibe yiyo indoda ephambili ifike ke ilandelwe yinkazana ngemva yona...ib' ize inkazana le i--- imane ithi ngeliny' ixesha ndum apha kunozakuzaku i--- yakuthi krwaqu kancinci ibon' uba ikhon' int' efuna ukulungiswa kuba njengoko thina singabo abagqumatheleyo sobathathu ndifakwe phakathi...ndifakwe phakathi ngudadewethu phambi kwam yintombi ye--- ezokongeza[1057] emva kwam...loo nto ke siza kuthi ke ngoku sihambayo ezi ngubo ziruqa phantsi siza kuzinyathela...kufuneke okokuba sime kwakuma[1058] ke inkazana ephambili...ime ithi yakuma ajike ke e--- ngoku alungise noba ngunozakuzaku noba yiyo ilungise ezi ngubo izitsala apha elunyawen' izivuthulule izibhekisa phaya kancinci ibe nokusebeza yakuphakama ithi hayi zitshixizane[1059] nan' iinyawo 'san'[1060] use[1061] nigawule nje...yini sabe[1062] silungisa...yenziwa yintoni yenziwa kuba akuviwa liqela eliya lona ib--- yona into eyithethayo apha kuthi iyithethela phantsi ukuze abantu abaya bona bayathuka into abayenzayo...kungokuya ingabafazi ngasesibayeni amadoda asenkundleni kuza kwala nxa nibhakadekileyo enkundleni nibe abayeni bona bechozile nabo ukuphuma endlini...bekwabathathu njalo umyeni lowo wam nay' efakwe phakathi ndathi ndakubona ngoku ndayibon' uba le nto ifaniselene kwa naye ekhokelelwe ngumNtlane elandelwa kwa ngunolali...ekuphakathini kwakhe ngokwenziwa uduli...loo nto ke[1063] ...loo nto ke bafika ke bahlale ebuhlanti bahlale ngakucala lasekunene akuhlalwa nje noba kundawoni na nokuhlala oku kusesikweni lesiXhosa...kufuneka bakungena bajike kucala lasekunene bahlale kulo...onke amadoda ekhaya ahlale kwelo cala lasekunene apho ke ngoko silungiswayo iingubo silungiswa nantoni sihamba kancinci into leyo ongathi nxa uyijongileyo ude ube nesithukuthezi kuyananjuzwa akuhanjwa kunyathelwa ndaweninye kokufikwa[1064] kudala kundawo ekuyiwa kuyo loo nto lo nozakuzaku uthukwa ngaphezulu ke nkazana inkazana hayi noko kwenziwa nje nto ithuka kakhulu ngabafazi kuthiwa kunozakuzaku ubona nj' utsho ngeentsula nje sukuba sitha abantwana ub' ubagolozela mkrolokoqondini asifuni wena siya kubona njengokub' untwabaza nj' utsho ngentsente...khawuhambe nabo bantwana...kade sisibhanxa esasibonwe ngantoni na esi injalo nje le nto is'k' yangathi nguNonyondla-khona ngoku unozakuzakw' angakhathali athi ukuba usisindwebi as'[1065] ajonge kubo ngelinye ixesh' angongoz' ub' uyathanda kuba le nto ayikhathazi...ayi--- ayiwarishi[1066] mntu le nto ilisiko ukuba makathukwe kwenziwa isiko nxa kusenje njwalo[1067] lakwaXhosa ngoku ke kud' ese ke kude kuyokufikwa ebuhlant' eluthangweni lenkomo...apho ke unozakuzaku ehamb' esusa namalongwe esithini nalapho uza kuthukwa ngamadoda esithi hamba hamba mfanandini yintoni na le nto uya[1068] kufika nini pha' us'k' ub'[1069] udlisela nje ungahle uba ntondin' akunaye namfazi...uzokudlisel' apha phambi kwaba bafazi...yinkazan' 'akho nale uman' uyiqhwalasela atsho amadoda kodwa angakhathali unozakuzaku kud' es'ke kuthi ke nxa kusesililini sothango phakathi ezazulwini eluthango un--- kungafane kuhlalwe nje nokuba kundawoni na apho ke kufike ke kwandlale ke ngoku unozakuzaku elungisile kakuhle okokuba 'se sihlale kakuhle...agqume ke unozakuzaku ejingis' izidla ngakuthi e--- thina nemiphakathwana yakhe eduntsuza iintsula zijong' ebanyatheleni nemisintsila loo nto ke enkalatyisile ingub' eyinyathele ngeenyawo phants' engxabalazile egqume okokuba thina sibe ngaphakathi kuye loo nto sihlaliswe yinkazana le yona isigaqise ngamadolo...sithathwe iingubo...zibekwe phezu kwamathanga uveliswe wonke umhlaba uya kuma ngenkaba kufuneka ungaphandle loo nto ubonwe kakuhle namabele wakho wonk' ukuma komzimba ongentla...zisuswe ezo qhiya zimnyama zisentloko zibekwe phantsi...sabathokombisela ke abantu ngaloo mini ewe ndaye ndithokombisile noko ndiyintombi enobom ngexesha layo...e--- enobom kakhulu udadewethu elubhelu ngaphezulu kum nangebala ngoko sathi ukugaqa sijongile emadodeni adwanduluka amadoda athi yhu yhu yhu yhu yhu kwade kwakho ndoda iqabelisa ukuthi umolokazana wam 'be simthande singekamboni...uduluse ke unozakuzaku lowo ujingise la masende kuthi ke wa--- wa--- wa--- wacika wathi akucika wathukwa kwathiwa phinda uvelise akaphindanga ku--- konke emadodeni...baye abayeni nabo bedibile kuthi kuba nabo okwabo bafake amanquma bafaka izidanga...bafaka amayila bambatha iiblankethe kwa bayeni abo bahamba ngeentloko ke bona kuba thina sigqumathele ngeeqhiya ezimnyama...ezantsi phaya ezinyaweni emaqatheni phaya ukuphela kweziquluba ukungena kukaxhong' elunyaweni sifake iibhutsi[1070] i--- into ekuthiwa ngamaso amnyama...imingqi emnyama ibe phakathi ithi emhlophe ibe semacaleni...loo nto ke kuthiwa yintsimbi efakwa ngumtshakazi osemncinci ngexesha e--- elo lokwenda kwam yayifakwa ngumtshakazi tot[1071] uba ade aluthule ugungxo efake iibhutsi zakhe ad' ese othule nobopho efake iibhutsi zakhe ad' es'ke abe nguye umfazana zithi ukunqena kwazo zinqene 'se engumfazi wotywala eze kanti naxa 'se engumfazi wotywala ozithanday' umfazi olihomba wayebonwa ngokuba neebhutsi ukuze ibe ngama-chain ngezantsi kunye neento zonke ke ezinxitywa ngokwentando yomntu...kweli ke sinalo ixesha ngoku ayikho loo nto yayekwa kwathi ngoku zifakwe ngaloo mini uzigqibelisile mhla wabonwa akasobe aphinde afake ziibhutsi...injalo indima yokwenda kwam ukususela phaya ebuntwaneni kuze kule ndima ndikuyo ngoku ke akuba na siphumile ke apho emadodeni sibheke ebafazini kuthukelwa njalo kulo nozakuzaku...ebafazini apho nxa 'be sishiye isheleni kundawo e'be ndihleli kuyo ebuhlanti...kusaphethwe isheleni esaza kushiywa phantsi kwam nasebafazini...ngonje ke ebafazini siza kuguqa kwa ngolaa hlobo lasebuhlanti kuduluduluswe siphinde sityhilwe siphinde sihanjiswe ze sigaqe ngoku senje nj' ukujonga ebafazini ize atyhile ke unozakuzaku athi akutyhila kuthiwe yho yho yho wamhle bethu kwo kwo batsho ke baphox' abaphoxayo banyanis' abanyanisayo...ngonje ke asuke ke unozakuzaku sigqunywe ngoku sisukunyiswe kuba sibheka endlini kuthiwe ke ngabafazi imilenze ningathi kanti nisizisela isiqhwala...sijikwe ngoku sijonge empumalanga silungiswa njalo ngunozakuzaku isuke ke ngonje inkazana nonozakuzaku bancedisane ngokutyhila imilenze ityhilelwa abafazi inyuswe ingubo...yho yho yho yho hayi ke ibe yinto ke ngonj' eboniweyo ley' ub' akukho siqhwala...kanti naxa 'be besitsho 'be bebona ub' akukho siqhwala kwa leyo into bayithethayo ikwalilo isiko lokokuba kutyhilwe ngentla kutyhilwe ngezantsi...ngoko ke sakuhamba[1072] ke kancinci kanjalo noko ke ngoku 'se kubhekwa endlini...kufikwe ke endlini sithi sakufika ke endlin' 'oduli[1073] sikhulule izikhaka ke 'se zilapha siza kubhinqa ke ngoku izikhaka...sizibhinqe izikhaka sibhinqa nje izikhaka amankazan' alapha neentombi zawo ayiko kugeza yimbali kuziwe apha namakhuba nee-emele kwangugolokoqo loo nto leyo kufike ath' amankazana ekhay' apha kuyalinywa kuxatyelwe phantsi ekh' apha kukhiw' amanzi abanye bagawule ekh' apha kuyathezwa kwenziwe yonk' into kunyakazeliswa kuyangxolw' ekh' aph' emnyango aphum' unozakuzaku athathe intambo athathe ibhekile ahlale phambi kwab' achophe ayifake phakathi kwamathang' ibhekile athi tyoyiyo tyo tyo tyo tyo tyo tyo aseng' angqumz' angqumz' angqumze exel' okokuba phambi kokuba 'ze ekh' apha kwenziwe loo nto nakukhupha iinkomo nathi sisenge silime sithini...loo nto ke yonke iyinkqubo yesiko lokwenzeka kwayo le ndima kuhanjwe ke kumkiwe ize sibhinqe ke thina izikhaka siqale ke ngoku sincebeth' incebetha...oomankazana bakhulul' iincebetha zawo sincebethe...sithi ngoku sigungxe iqhiya iqhinwe phantsi kwesilevu...sibe ngaloo mabokoboko ngathi zintsikizi[1074] ...ngonje kubhekw' emlanjeni...nako sisiy' emlanjeni sidwelile si--- sixakathile sibuye ke apho sizibeke ke ii-emele ngomcwezo ekuhanjelwa entla komzi loo nto ke emva koko kube kukho okokuba kuyatshatwa ziyatsha nozakuzaku 'se zitshile unozakuzaku ke uyaphuma kubekwe umvalo ebuhlanti esangweni uyayibeka imali apho ukususa umvalo ize kanti ngoku akuwususa umvalo ayihlatywa inkomo kufunwa umkhonto kwa kuye uyayibeka imali yomkhonto ihlinzwe ke loo nkomo ekuthiwa ke ngonje kutshatelwa mna ba'[1075] besithi batshatela mna ngenkomo uba ndingumfazi wasekh' aph'...satya ke loo nyama iza kubheka ekhaya eyasekhaya isiya ngeemali zayo...ngoku ke kuthi emva koko kusuke kuthiwe ndityiswa amasi kule nkomo yehl' apho ke i--- inyakanyaka ku--- kolam uduli mhla ndenda uze ndibe ngumfazi...kwathiwa kowethu ngaba kowethu so'[1076] kube asoze[1077] ithi inkomo yomtshato ehambayo egqib' ilizwe...kuthiwe ndityiswe ngayo amasi...ndakutyiswa[1078] amasi odwa qha ngebhokhwe yona iza 'ba[1079] ilivumile isiko akho[1080] lisenkomeni inkomo ngumgidi...kwok'! bathi baqhel' ub' enje[1081] njal' abanye...hayi kwathiwa ke ngaba kuthi niqhel' eTsomo...lo uya kukh' atyisw' amasi la...uya kuyekw' ukwenziw' umdud' ngumdudu lo asikokutyiswa masi...yade ke indoda yam yayincama ibhokhwe yayo inkab' 'ebhokhwe[1082] ndawatyiswa ke amasi 'se iphelile leyo ndatyiswa amasi kweziwa nentambo kunye nethunga linamasi kwafika ke ka--- kojiwa umbengo kwanyiwa intambo emasini...kwanyiwa i--- ilungu ndamunciswa intambo ndanikwa elo lungu lenyama lithiwe nxu emasini into enezothe kunene yath' kuba ilisik' ilungile ndaginya loo nto...sayitya ke inyama ya--- yasiwa ke eyasekhaya esiwayo...le nto ke...ukwenziwa kwayo e--- isikhumba sokutshata siso isikhumba sikanozakuzaku ziyabiwa ezi 'nto azi--- ayizonto nje zifan' ube zibekwa nje nanjani na e--- zizi--- ziyabiwa endlin' apha njengoko zizile zinamalungelo wazo unozakuzaku ke yile ndodana ithunywa iinto zonke kule ndlu yoduli ithunywa endlini...sahlala ke apho kwabizwa ke ngoku iimali zamankazana zonke iimali zamakhaya...kuduli lam akukho mal' ingazange iphume kwabonakal' uba i--- imele kuba ingade igoduke kuba kaloku utata yena wayeligqoboka[1083] ...wase wasuka wathatha ishumi leponti[1084] lineepont' ezimbini wathi kufuneka kwenziwe le mali ngamagama wayo ukuze iphelele engayazi noba iya kuphelela kanjani na eyamankazana izimele igama layo lilodwa kuthiwa yimali yamankazana qha ukubizwa kanti ke loo mali yeyeentombi zalo mzi wam...azidibananga namntu ziyabelana zodwa ngaloo mali kwezo ponti zontathu...ezi zimfitshane iimali kwabelwana ngazo ngabafazi...abo ke bakhoyo kulo mzi nangohlobo abeme ngalo umolokazana akananto emcimbini kooninazala...into enelungelo lokwabelwa izinto apho emalini ngumkhuluwa nomninawa...konke ke ukuya koodadobawo[1085] nontoni na ngaphandle komolokazana...loo nto ke iqhube ngolo hlobo ke laba ke uduli luyaphela ukuphela kwalo uduli kuyagodukwa kuba kuphunyiwe ke ngoku ndasiwa endlini nempahla yonke uya[1086] kubheka endlini yakokwethu ukuphuma kuloo ndlu yondwendwe yaye indlu le yakokwethu ndingenabawo ndingenamazala ndingenamkhuluwa into ekhoyo apha ingumkamkhuluwa kuphela esikhundleni sabazali ngoko ke yafika ke loo nto yahlala ke ilungiswa nguye eyilungiselela laze ke uduli ke ngoku laphuma phandle emadodeni laba nokuhamba ke neenkomo ezine kuba ezintandathu zazise zimkile ukudibanisa ishumi ekhazini ngoku ke bakuba bemkile ndahlala ke kulo mzi ndanguye umfazi...ndahlala kakuhle ndiphethwe kakuhle ngumkamkhuluwa wam nam ndimhloniphile tot ubom naxa ke ngoku 'se wafayo kodwa naxa wafayo 'zange silanyulwe sinqandwe sithetha nto na--- nakuthuka nakubethwa nakuthini inguye umnt' endithe naxa ngoku 'se ndimdadlana nxa ndikulisu lesithathu kwabonakal' okokuba ngoku mandakhe owam umzi mna mninawa wakhe yayimvume kuye loo nto kanti ebekade engavumi ixesh' eli xa lilonke...wade wavuma waba nako ukukhupha into yokokuba 'ze ndibe ndihlale kakuhle ndingaboleki nto mntwini kuba wakhupha ilitye lokusila lakhe wandinika ukuba ndibe nelitye ndingasili mizini...wakhupha unopotana wakhe okokuba ndi--- ndipheke ndingafuni nto mzini...loo nto ke yayikukuvisisana[1087] kuba ndandizithobe phantsi kwakhe kakhulu 'se ede wanomolokazana[1088] ekanti nomntana lowo wakhe walukele kum wade wanomolokazana wade nomolokazana wazala...ndingekawuphumi mna owam umzi kuthe ke njalo nxa ndikuloo mzi wam kwavela ukugula okukukufa okumhlophe ekuthe n--- kwandihla ngeendlela ezi--- zingombilini ndanombilini ndavaleka andaya egemini[1089] yesintu itshintshi[1090] ndayinto enjalo ndasisimamalala nje yaba nokuxakana nam indoda yam ngolo hlobo...ndayinto enjalo yath' uba 'be ndinguye umnyathel' oyithanday' indoda gqith' oyifuna ngamandla andayifuna...yaxaka loo nto...ngonje ke kwabonakal' uba hayi le nto iyamxaka ngenene...ndase ke ngoku andatya ndase ke ngoku ndanalo mbilini ndase ke ngoku ndanezi[1091] ndawo zivalekileyo zingazange zivaleke emntwini yaqala ke indoda...yemka nam ngobusuku...ngobusuku ihamb' indiphumza ngokundibeleka kuba ndinqatyelwe kukuhamba umbilini uthi xa ukhoyo wenze iphika umzimba lo ibu--- iwuhlahle uthambe ungakwaz' ukuhamba...saba nokunyuka iqhina esalihlala kane...sade sakuqabela[1092] kumzi onegqira elidala e'be likho ikade...elingasekhoyo nalo ngoku iminyaka mithathu lifile elo ngonje ndaxilongwa apho ukuxilongwa ligqira okokuba libone esi sifo sikum ukuba sisifo sini na lachaza igqira okokuba lilo igqira eli 'nge 'se[1093] kukudala liligqira...int' ekhoyo kukuba kungekho mntu waziyo indlela amele kukuvulwa ngayo...ukhathazwa yiloo nto lo mzimba zonke nezi 'nto zivalekileyo kuye bu--- zivalwa bubugqira...zingathi uze zihambe ngendlela...anyangwe ke ngamayeza afanele yena unguye umntu omhlophe...yathi ke indoda yenyuka nengalo[1094] kuba yona 'se idikiwe yile nto int' ekhoyo ayithethi umthetho lo wendalo ise iman' indisa kundawo ngendawo ibe yona 'fan' uba le nt' iza kwenzeka ise[1095] ingenzeki...yathi ke indoda hayi ke ndiyamshiya umnyange ndimnikela kuwe ngoku...libuzile igqira kuye uba uya kuyigcakamela na into yokokuba umnt' onyangwayo onje akufunekanga okokuba izilawulo zibe zinintshi zimxhage kufuneka abe nesilawulo esinye...uya kuyigcakamela na loo nto yathi indoda ukuphendula hayi ndiya kuyigcakamela loo nto leyo kuba noko ndidiniwe yile nto kudala lo mfazi ndivela kumsa kumnyathel' ongapha eMboya...saba ngathi sihamb' indawo ndandixakwe yile nt' as'[1096] aqhinek' abe nje...ngoko ke phofu lo mntu wayixela le nto int' enayo 'zange ndinyuke nangalo ndimshiye kuye kuba ndandicaphukela kub' ekude kakhul' ekhayeni...ndimele ukuze ndibe ndakuyithobela loo nto...uthe ke akugqiba ukutsho ke e--- lathi ke igqira ukukhanda yiponti...okuba ndikhande ngoku...warola ke ishum' uba kukhandwe ngok' uya 'be ayirole enye ngonje yandishiya ke indoda apho ndanyangwa ke ligqira elo lindenza zonke izinto lindifaka iyeza emzimbeni iyez' elirawuzela ngokuyintsomi...eli yeza lirawuzelayo ndilifake ukutshona kwelanga...ndiphinde ndilifak' ekuseni iphinde ngoku ngokuhlw' ibe yintlombe...iphind' ekuseni ibe leli yeza iz' ibe yintlombe oko landityayo ndajaduka ndayiloo nto ndaye ndigajiswa ndaye ndisela ibhotile[1097] yam ilapha...kuthi ngelinye ixesha kusuke kukhandwe...kukhandwe iyeza silitye sibanintshi ke ngoku nam 'se ndijongile kuqela elilapha kuba kweli lizwe lasegqira kuqhutywa olu hlobo uya kufika kukho a'se ingaba lapho a'se[1098] beqhelile uman' ujonga kubo izinto ezenziwayo...ngoku ke ndahlala apha kwaze ndaze ngoku kwathi nxa kukho abantu abazokuxilongwa njengam nam ndandixilongiwe...kwathiwa mandiye kanene mhla ndaze ndaxilonga ndandiselizweni laseMfunweni apho kwakufunwe igqira lam...kundawo ekuthiwa kukuMathumbu kuphesheya kweQwaninga ngezantsi sawela apho sisiya kuloo Mfuno kwafika umntu oza egqireni...ozise omnye obuhlungu...kuthe uba apho kusuka umnt' aphathe intonga emnyama ayoxilonga kwase kwasuka kwathiwa kum...Masithathu nab' abanyatheli...hamboxilonga[1099] ...ndesuka apho 'se ndisiva nam kuba ubugqira buyavakala uyev' aph' emzimbeni ngok' ezayo umnt' uva ngeendlela zakho ke ngoku e'sa[1100] kuthi ke nawe ukuba zivuliwe kuwe uve ngazo akukuva[1101] ngam...ngonje ke ndathi ndakufika apho ndamxilonga umnyatheli lowo ndamgqiba ndamchaza wandinika imali yengxilongo ndingene nayo endlini ndanentloni ukuyibeka phantsi ndase ndenyuka ndakuyibek'[1102] entla ndayibeka ngapha kwengxowa yombona...ndakuhlala[1103] phantsi kuba mna ndisa--- ndisoyika...ndisoyika le nto kungathi ndiza kuhlekwa...kuba ndenze le nto ndaxilonga lo mntu...ndihleli apho phantsi saye sinentombi yaseNgcobo enguMaMpondo e--- nayo inyangwa apha kodwa yona 'se iqhelile...iqale yafika kum 'se inonyaka o--- endishiya ngawo yathi le ntombazana emzuzwini Masithathu uyibeke phi na laa mali...ndathula ndathi tu...ingqondo yam isithi ndakuthi[1104] xa iphumileyo uMaMpondo ndiphume ndimxelel' indaw' endiyibeke kuyo andifun' ukuphendula kukhw' iqela...kuthethe omnye umkhwetha ekwa mtsha naye kodwa ebhetele[1105] kunam nxa igqira libona kungena abaa bantu 'be ndibaxilongile bahlala egumbini kubuzwa bavela phi bathi bona bebethe bafuna ibhotile yeyeza...kwelaa gqira 'be libaxilonga banyelise...lithi ke igqira lam igqira lam ngumfo wasemaNqabeni umThembu...igama lakhe ngumThembu nguNgedelele...lithi 'be bexilongwa ngubani aba bantu...kuthiwe ngabany' aba 'be bephume noMasithathu...lithi ke kum Masithathu ndithi mna gqira...kutheni le nto uthi wakuxilonga abantu imali ungayibek' eziko...landima elo gama kuba andazi mna ndenziwa kukoyika ndise ndakuyibek'[1106] entla ndiyoyika...iphi loo mali ndathi mna ndiyibeke phaya emva kwalaa ngxowa isentla...langxola igqira lathi thatha loo mali...itheni uyibek' emboneni nje yeyenkinqa ndayithatha le mali ndayibeka eziko kwathiwa ke ndithe ndakufika aph' eziko kuba ndiyazibona iimal' ezibekwayo uba zigalelwa uthuthu ndathath' uthuthu ndayigalela...linjalo ke isiko likabugqira nendlela endithe ndalilo[1107] ngalo mna Masithathu...ngoku ke kwakuba kuqhuba loo nto...kwaphinda kwafika abanye abazokuvumisa beentonga...bafika bahlala ngasebuhlanti...ngoku nxa behleliyo ngasebuhlanti aba beentonga kuyanyhilwana ngulow' uthi makuyiwe ngulow' uthi makuyiwe kuba apha ebugqireni nina ninyangwayo bath' uba ngabant' abafike bahlala ngasebuhlanti kufunek' uba wena uzokunyangwa igama lakho kuthiwa ungumkhweth' ungumphehlelelwa umkhwetha ing--- umphehlelelwa...kufuneka ke usuke ke wena mkhweth' ungumphehlelelwa uye kubo phaya phandle ngasebuhlanti ufike ke uthethe nabo apho uze uthi wakoyiswa ubuye uz' endlini uthi ndoyisiwe okokuba ubagqibile ubagqib' uze nemali...wakugqib' ukuza nemali ke...ufike ke unikwe imali encinci i-six-penny uyokuthenga intsimbi ngalo six-penny iqhinwe ke kuwe yaba njalo eyam yathi eyokuqala yaqhinwa ebucotsheni umngqi ezinweleni...wathi owesibini umngqi ukuqala kwam ukuba ndifunda ebugqireni njalo wokugula[1108] ...ndaze ndanxitywa emqaleni qho ke ndanxitywa emqaleni kwahamba kwahamba ndaya kunxitywa ezantsi emanqineni...kwabonakala ukuba ngoku oo banintshi ngoku abantu abeza ngoku 'se bendazi bekholwa yintetho yam nencaza bathi bakufika bathi sifun' uMasithathu...oo hayi lathi igqira hayi Masithathu ndiyakuboleka ilitye ukuba ube sekhaya mntan' 'am ilitye ube nalo ekhaya...ilitye ke laya kuthathwa eQwaninga emlanjeni lam laze ke apho ke wathi ke eli 'tye ke ndikubolek' uba uyolibeka endlini yakho ukwazi ke ngonje ukukhanda ngaphandle kwetyala uthi umnt' omkhandelayo aphile kuba akuyibanga le nto uphuma nayo kum ezandleni...aphilele kuwe umntu ngenye indlela ndimbone 's'[1109] ephilile...yahamba ke loo nto ngolo hlobo loo mali leyo ithi yakufika ithi yakuba ikukuphila komntu nokuva komntu ndiyise egqireni lam elindenze ndaligqira[1110] ndifike apho ndithi camagu gqira ndizise le mali...kukho abant' a'be befikile...abezele into enje enje enje enje baze bafuna iyeza ndabanika waze waphila lo wandinika ukhozo...enye camagu gqira...kukho umvumisa e'b' ifikile enje enje yaphinda yafika enye yanje ndithi ukuba ndiyisebenzisile imali ingayanga egqireni kwakho[1111] ingxaki ndaze[1112] ndayithatha ndayisebenzisa ndiyichaze phay' egqireni imali e'b' ifikile eyimali e--- enga i--- imal' ethile...ndifike ndayisebenzisa ngengxaki ethile ndiyayixela ke loo mali licamagushe ke igqira into yasegqireni ayenzelwa bumenemene...akufuneki uyibe akubiwa egqireni into oyithathileyo kufuneka uyichaze ngohlobo oyithathe ngalo ukuze lona likolule ngentetho uze ube nethamsanqa...ngoko ke...'qhube[1113] ndaqhuba ke imigangatho ke yobugqira...kwabonakala okokuba ngoku inkqubo--- inkqubo yam ihambela phambili...ekuboneni nasemehlweni neseza--- nezenzo zobugqira...kwafuneka ndiyokufukanyiswa yenye into leyo yasebugqireni...ndokufukanyiswa ke ngoku ekhaya...ekhaya ke ndakufanyiswa...kudala ndafukanyiswa ekhaya ndaphinda ndanxitywa intambo ekhaya kudala...intambo eyayisilelwe[1114] utywala yaze yaphekelwa iinkobe zamazimba intambo yebhokhw' emhlophe yaxhwithwa yaze yalukwa yabubulunga[1115] ecamagusha oko kufa kumhlophe eyathi yona leyo intambo ngokukhathazana nendoda ndase ndafuna ukuba mandiguquke ndihamb' icawe ndesuka ndakuyijaca[1116] ndayilahla kutyholwana ekuthiwa linguNdincazele ezantsi komzi wam...noboo bulunga ndabudaphul' apho nalo mingqi ndayilahla...ngoku ke apho ke kwasiso k' isiqingatha sokufun' ukuvuswa ingena kundenza nt' kuba yenziwa sokufun' us'k' ivuse ngenye indlela...ngonje ke kwabonakal' uba ndifikile k' egemini yokokuba ndinganxiba iinto zobugqira...ndiligqira ngoku...ndafaka ke ngonje...imibhaco esifali kude le...yagqatyazwa ke ngeenyamakazi iinyamakazi apho zinyhwagi...ezo nyamakazi zilapho...zinyhwagi kunye negqwalashu...iingqabaza[1117] ...yee kuthe emva koko kwalo mibhaco kwabonakal' ub' ubugq--- ubugqir' obu bam bukhulu buyaqabela bi--- ndi--- kusixeko sam akukho ungangam nobugqira kwabonakal' uba ke ngoku mandifake ngoku imithika engange yelaa gqira lale--- lalindenzile...yafakwa ke likho njalo salingana ke ngoku yafakwa...e--- inyamakaz' ezibhinqwayo nxa suba[1118] ke ngonj' ndixhents' iintlombe zobugqira...ubugqira ke 'nyanga[1119] k' abantu abagulayo bonke nonantoni na ke nomnye ofun' ukuba ligqira naye ndimbone ub' ufun' uba ligqira ndimnyange abelilo igqira naye...loo nto ke nogula indawo andoyise ke ngokwasentandweni kaThixo ndiselilo ke nanamhlanje unongangela wegqira iyaphel' eso siqendu apho kuloo ndawo.
Notes
[990] ngenqubo: ngenkqubo.
[991] ngeyo: the Hlubi form. Xhosa: yeyo.
[992] eyayiyiyo: yabeiyiyo.
[993] idrayi: from Afrikaans draai, "turn."
[994] babeyiqhuba: babebeyiqhuba.
[995] yabudlokova: yababudlokova.
[996] iyokuthi: iyakuthi.
[997] ikwali: from English "quarry."
[998] wod': uyakude.
[999] yayiyiyo: yabeiyiyo.
[1000] kwakukwaGomomo: kwabekukwaGomomo.
[1001] ngazo: ngezo.
[1002] owawumkhulu: owabemkhulu.
[1003] nganijike: khanijike.
[1004] eneetektar': itektari, from English "tractor."
[1005] ngeepeki: ipeki, from English "pick."
[1006] She sings these words.
[1007] 'ba: kuba.
[1008] besenje: besenze.
[1009] imoto (motorcar), imotwana (little motorcar), and imotokali (motorcar) are all from English.
[1010] yayiyikali: yabeiyikali, ikali, from English "cart."
[1011] amahashi: amahashe.
[1012] umnyatheli: a hlonipha word for umntu?
[1013] awubonakali (umzi).
[1014] ndonifikisa: ndiyekunifikisa.
[1015] ibhokisi: from English "box."
[1016] ityesi: from Afrikaans kis, "chest."
[1017] yayisithi: yabeisithi.
[1018] iblankethe: from English "blanket."
[1019] anemithi: abanemithi.
[1020] imipesika: from Afrikaans perske, "peach."
[1021] igadi: from English "garden."
[1022] eyayingekabawo: eyabeingekabawo, the Hlubi form. Xhosa: eyabeiyekabawo.
[1023] kwenjiwa: kwenziwa.
[1024] oniwuyila: a member of the audience comments, Okukuhloniphakwakhoyintsomi?
[1025] A brief pause.
[1026] 'ba: kuba.
[1027] edulini: eludulini.
[1028] ngongcwaz': ngongcwalazi.
[1029] wagxilana: wagilana.
[1030] ingeyaphi: the Hlubi form. Xhosa: iyeyaphi.
[1031] ngenye: she says, ngelinye, possibly thinking of ixesha.
[1032] ngeyakhe: Hlubi form. Xhosa: yeyakhe.
[1033] ningamanenisithihayisiyahambathinakufunekanilale: she whispers these words.
[1034] 'ba: kuba.
[1035] ngeyam: Hlubi form. Xhosa: yeyam.
[1036] 'san': musani.
[1037] iigem': from English "game, to take one's turn in a game."
[1038] 'ba: kuba.
[1039] 'ba: kuba.
[1040] ngeyomyeni: Hlubi form. Xhosa: yeyomyeni.
[1041] nge: ngegama.
[1042] 'yabona: niyabona.
[1043] A brief pause.
[1044] yayi-half-gorweni: yabayi-half-gorweni; from English "half crown."
[1045] yazisheleni: yabazisheleni; from English "shilling."
[1046] esipajini: isipaji, from Afrikaans?
[1047] waba: wakuba.
[1048] lokubonwa: luyekubonwa.
[1049] nendudumo: or, nokukuduma. It is not clear which of the two forms she uses, but each has the same meaning.
[1050] ube-clean: she uses the English word "clean."
[1051] ukukama: from Afrikaans kam, "comb."
[1052] i-chain: she uses the English word "chain."
[1053] elakuthi: eliyakuthi.
[1054] esiroliweyo: from English "roll."
[1055] esakuthi: esiyakuthi.
[1056] ingeyiyo: ingelilo.
[1057] ezokongeza: ezekongeza.
[1058] kwakuma: kuyakuma.
[1059] zitshixizane: zitshixizeni.
[1060] 'san': musani.
[1061] use: ukuse.
[1062] sabe: siyakube.
[1063] A brief pause.
[1064] kokufikwa: kuyekufikwa.
[1065] as': asuke.
[1066] ayiwarishi: -warishi, from English "worry."
[1067] kusenjenjwalo: kusenziwanjalo.
[1068] uya: uyakuya.
[1069] pha'us'k'ub': phayausukeukuba.
[1070] iibhutsi: from English boots.
[1071] tot: from Afrikaans tot, "until."
[1072] sakuhamba: siyakuhamba.
[1073] endlin''oduli: endliniyoduli.
[1074] zintsikizi: siziintsikizi.
[1075] ba': babe.
[1076] so': soze, akusayikuze.
[1077] asoze: akusayikuze.
[1078] ndakutyiswa: ndiyakutyiswa.
[1079] 'ba: kuba.
[1080] akho: akukho (isiko).
[1081] ub'enje: ukubaenza.
[1082] inkab''ebhokhwe: inkabiyebhokhwe.
[1083] wayeligqoboka: wabeeligqoboka.
[1084] leponti: iponti, from English "pound" (sterling).
[1085] koodadobawo: koodadebobawo.
[1086] uya: ukuya.
[1087] yayikukuvisisana: yabeikukuvisisana.
[1088] wanomolokazana: wabanomolokazana.
[1089] egemini: from English "game."
[1090] itshintshi: from English "change."
[1091] ndanezi: ndabanezi.
[1092] sakuqabela: sayakuqabela.
[1093] 'nge'se: kungekuse.
[1094] yenyukanengalo: "going up with the arm"; an idiom, meaning to ask a doctor for more treatment, to go up to the next stage of treatment.
[1095] ise: isuke.
[1096] as': asuke.
[1097] ibhotile: from English "bottle."
[1098] a'se: abase.
[1099] hamboxilonga: hambauyekuxilonga.
[1100] e'sa: ekusa.
[1101] akukuva: akuyikuva.
[1102] ndakuyibek': ndayakuyibeka.
[1103] ndakuhlala: ndayakuhlala.
[1104] ndakuthi: ndiyakuthi.
[1105] ebhetele: from English "better."
[1106] ndakuyibek': ndayakuyibeka.
[1107] ndalilo: ndabalilo.
[1108] njalowokugula: njalo (umngqi) wokugula.
[1109] 's': ese.
[1110] ndaligqira: ndabaligqira.
[1111] kwakho: kwabakho.
[1112] ndaze: she says laze.
[1113] 'qhube: ndiqhube.
[1114] yayisilelwe: yabeisilelwe.
[1115] yabubulunga: yababubulunga.
[1116] ndakuyijaca: ndiyakuyijaca.
[1117] A brief pause, during which Masithathu Zenani says, Yiyolenangoku, referring to the skin skirt.
[1118] suba: sukuba.
[1119] 'nyanga: ndinyanga.
Text copyright © 2006 by the Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System.
Photographs copyright © 2006 by Harold Scheub. Used with permission.
Those interested in using these materials for any purpose not covered under Fair Use must seek the permission of the University of Wisconsin-Madison Libraries and/or Harold Scheub.


text:
UbuKumkani bamaBritane
UbuKumkani bamaBritane babungamandla amakhulu. Buneengingqi eziphantsi kolwawulo lobuKumkani obumanyeneyo. Obu buKumkani bobona bakhe babukhulu ezimbalini.
Kwincakami yayo, ilawula umhlaba obukhulu bungama-23%. Bangaphezulu kwezigidi ezingama-458 abantu abathi babekwa phantsi kolawulo lobuKumkani baseBritane. Obu buKumkani babusaziwa ngokokuba bobona bukumkani bobukoloni bakhe babukhulu ezimbalini. (abanye abantu bacinga okokuba ubuKumkani bamaMongol bobona bukhulu. Namhlanje, uninzi lwamalungu abo akwikwiBhunga lezizwe zonke. Eyona ndawo eyayisaziwa kakhulu kubuKumkani bamaBritane yinkampani ekuthiwa yi-British East India Company iNkampani yorhwebelwano lwaseEast India]]. Le nkampani yaqala njengeshishini elincinane njengokuba sele siyibona inkulu kangaka nje namhlanje, kunjalo nje abantu abaninzi baxhomekeke kuyo. Ngelo xesha iBritane yayisesona sizwe sakhe sanamandla kwihlabathi lonke jikelele.
I-Ngilane yaza yaqalisa eyayo indlela eya kubukumkani behlabathi. Kwinkulungwane ye-17 yeminyaka, yaqala ukwenza amazwe ase-Mntla-Melika amakoloni kunye ne-India. Oku kwakhokelela kudushe apho yoyiswa khona i-Netherlands ne-France eyayikhuphisana nazo emva kokuba koyiswe i-Spain. Emva kwemfazwe yamaNgesi namaDatshi nasemva kwemiNyaka yeMfazwe esiXhenxe, I-Britane yawathabathela kuyo phantse onke amazwe amabini, iDatshi neFrance iwathabathela kwihlabathi elitsha naseAsia. Nangona amazwe awathathwa ngobukoloni baseMelika athi afumana inkululeko ngo-1776, akuzange kubonakalise futhe kubuKumkani. Ngo-1919, emva koloyiso lweBritane kwiMfazwe yokuQala kwiHlabathi, yafika kanye kwixesha layo lempumelelo. Abantu ababekho kwinkulungwane ye-19 bathi "UbuKumkani bamaBritane abutshonelwa langa kodwa emva kweMfazwe yesibini kwiHlabathi, bawa ubuKumkani bamaBritane.
UbukumKani baseBritane babubonwa ngamanye amazwe nje ngobukumakani obungumzekelo, ingakumbi amaJamani awaziwayo. I-Jamani yona yasuka yathi gqolo ngomkhwa wokuqhwaya imfazwe e-Yurophu. Esinye sezizathu zoko yayikukufuna ubukumkani obufana nobaseBritane.
Emva kweMfazwe yesibini kwiHlabathi, yaqala iBritane yabuyisela amazwe eyayiwathimbile kubaniniwo, kwathiwa ke oko bubukoloni. I-Britane yagqiba kwelokokuba ibuyisele laa mazwe kuba iMfazwe yesibini kwihlabathi yayishiya ingentanto, ihluphekile. Kananjalo, abantu abaninzi ababephantsi kolawulo lobuKumkani babeqhankqalazela ukuwalawula ngokwabo amazwe abo.
Enye yeendawo zokugqibela kubuKumkani bamaBritane kwabayiHong-Kong. I-Hong Kong yaabuyiselwa e-China ngo-1997. I-Britane yasigcina isikhundla sayo nje'ngeNgangalala' ngo-1982 ngeMfazwe yaseFalklands, imfazwe eyayiphakathi kwayo ne-Argentina bebanga isiqithi sase-Falkland.
Zilishumi elinesine iindawo ezimi ngaphandle kweziqithi zase-Britane nezisephantsi kotshutshiso lwase Britane. Ngo-2002 ezi ndawo zili-14 zabizwa ngokuba ziziphaluka zaseBritane eziphesheya kweelwandle.


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IJamani
IJamani lelinye lamazwe aseYurophu.
i-Jamani (Listeni/ˈdʒɜrməni/; i-Jamani: umhlaba wamaDatshi), ngokwasesikweni lilizwe leengqokolela zamaphondo eRiphabhlikhi azilawula phantsi kwekomkhulu iJamani (German: Bundesrepublik Deutschland, libizwa ngolu hlobo ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant (listen)),[15] yipalamente yeriphabhlikhi ezimeleyo kumbindi-ntshona waseYurophu. eli "lizwe" linamazwana ali-16 ize ikomkhulu lalo nesona sixeko sikhulu ibe yi-Berlin. I-Jamani ithathe umhlaba ongangama-357,021 eekhilomitha (137,847 sq mi) kwaye imozulu itshintsha qho. Linabahlali abazizigidi ezingama-80.6, nto leyo yenza okokuba libe lelona lizwe laziwayo kwiManyano yaseYurophu. I-Jamani yongamele ngamandla kwezoqoqosho nakwezopolitiko lwelizwekazi laseYurophu kwaye yinkokheli kwezembali kumasiko amanizni, ulwazi, nakwimiba yobuchwepheshe.
Intlanga-ngeentlanga zamaJamani zizinze kwindawo kungoku nje ebizwa ngokuba yiJamani esemaNtla kunye nomzantsi Scandinavia ukususela kwiminyaka yakudala-dala. Ingingqi ekuthiwa yi-Jamaniya yaashicilelwa ngamaRoma phambi ko-AD 100. Ngexesha lokuFuduka elathi langqamana ukuphela kobuKumkani bamaRomanokuphela kobuKumkani bamaRoma]], iintlanga zamaJamani zathi zanda ngakumazantsi de azifumanela izikumkani kwiindawo ezininzi eYurophu. Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-10, iingingqi zaseJamani zenza iziko lobukumkani bamaRoma aNgcwele. [16] Ngenkulungwane ye-16, iingqi zasentshona Jamani zaba l[[iziko labaqhankqalazela ukwakhiwa ngokutsha kobuKristu. Uzinzo kwiminyaka yeeMfazwe zikaNapoleon, ukuvela kwe-''Pan-Germanism'' ngaphakathi kuManyano lwamaJamani kwaba ngunozala womanyano lwamazwe amaninzi aseJamani kubuKumkani bamaJamani ngo-1871, phantsi kolawulo lwase-Prussia.
Emva koVukelo-mBuso lwaseJamani ngo-1918–1919 nangokunikezela komkhosi okwakulandelelana kwiMfazwe yoku-1 yeHlabathi, ubuKumkani basuswa kwafakwa ipalamente yeriphabhlikhi kaWeimer ngo-1918 yaza yalahlekelwa yinxalenye yeengingqi zayo kwisivumelwano soxolelwaniso saseVersailles. Nangona ngeli xesha yayitshila phambili kwimibandela yophando nakweyamasiko, iJamani yathi yathwaxwa kanobom kukugungqa kwezoqoqosho nakwezopolitiko kwathi kona ngexesha lembandezelo eNkulu kwanga kuthelwe ityuwa enxebeni. Ukufumaneka kwesiZwe sesiThathu okanye koburhulumente baseNazi]] ngo-1933 ekugqibeleni kwakhokelela kwiMfazwe yesi-2 yeHlabathi nakwi''Holocaust''. emva ko-1945, iJamani yahlulwa-hlulwa yaza yahlalwa zizizwe zeMvisiswano kumazwe amabini, Kwimpuma-Jamani nakwiNtshona-Jamani. Ngo-1990, ilizwe laphinda lamanyana.
I-Jamani ililizwe lesi-ne ngoqoqosho oluphezulu ngokwe-nominal GDP kwihlabathi lonke liphela ize iphinde ibelilizwe lesihlanu elinamandla okuthenga athe chatha. Njengentshali yehlabathi kwiinkampani zemveliso nezeteknoloji]] lilizwe lesibini ubukhulu ekuthumeleni iimpahla kwamanye amazwe iphinde ibe lelesithathu ubukhulu ilizwe elirhweba impahla kwamanye amazwe lize nayo ekhaya. Lilizwe eliphuhlileyo kunjalo umgangatho wentlalo yakhona uxhomile, uneempawu zokhuseleko lwentalo oluluqilima olubandakanya inkqubo ejongene nezempilo nekuyinkqubo yakudala yehlabathi lonke jikelele. Laziwa ngokutyeba kwezamasiko nakwezembali yezopolitiko, iJamani ibisakuba likhaya leengcali ezinefuthe, abadidiyeli beengoma, abaphandi, kunye nabayili. I-Jamani yayililungu labaphandi ekuhlaleni kwaseYurophu ngo-1957, apho yaba yi-EU ngo-1993. Ikwayinxalenye yengingqi [iSchengen|yaseSchengen]], kwaye ibe ililungu le-eurozone ukususela ngo-1999. I-Jamani ingamandla amakhulu, ikwalilungu leziZwe eziManyeneyo, le-NATO, le-G8, le-G20, e-OECD kunye nososiba waseYurophu.
Imfundo ngemvelaphi yamagama nokutshintsha-tshintsha kwentsingiselo ywo ngokuhamba kweminyaka[tshintsha | edit source]
Igama elibhalwe ngesiNgesi elithi Germany lisuka kwigama lesiLatini elithi Germania, gama elo elaqala ukusetyenziswa emva kokuba uJulius Ceasar wathi waliphakamisela abantu basempuma yeRhine.[17] Eyona icacileyo, yoyokokuba ngu-Gauls owaqalayo ukubiza abantu ukuba bawele impuma yeRhine Germani (neyathi yasetyenziswa ngamaRoma) njengoko uhlanga lwemveli lwamaJamani lwalungazibizi ngamaGermanus okanye amaGermani. Ngoko ke eli gama lasetyenziswa kuphela kumhlaba wamaRoma kwaye lanika intsingiselo ethe chatha kubantu ababeyixhasa impuma yeRhine kunye/okanye umntla weDanube. [18] Igama lesiJamani elithi Deutschland (ngokwemveli diutisciu land, "umhlaba wamaDatshi") lisuka kwisiDatshi, isizukulwana esisuka kuluntu lwamaDatshi akudala olwaziwayo(i.e. bengamaDiot okanye "amaDiota"), lisetyenziselwa ukwahlula ulwimi lwabantu nje kwisilatini nakwisizukulwana samaRoma. Kwakhona kusukwa kuluntu lwama-Proto-Germanic *þiudiskaz (jonga nakwindlela yesiLatini i-Theodiscus), isuka kuhlanga lwamaYurophu olungama-Proto-Indo, abantetho isisiProto-Indo-European- [19]
Imbali[tshintsha | edit source]
Elona phepha: Imbali yaseJamani
Iintlanga zaseJamani nezasebukumkanini bamaFranki[tshintsha | edit source]
Awona maphepha: Ixesha lokufuduka kwamaJamaniya Kwinkulungwane yesibini - kweyesihlanu kufudukwa eYurophu
I-Jamani yathi yabaluleka yaziwa ngokokuba bubuKukumkani babaRoma aNgcwele kwisiZwe samaJamani, yaba ke 'isisizwe' sokuqala, igama elithi 'isizwe' sihlandlo lithetha 'ubuKumkani'. Laqalwa ngumfo ka-Charlemagne nowaba yiKumkani yokuqala yamaRoma aNgcwele kwiminyaka engama-800 yandulukayo iNkosi (800 AD), lagcinwa ke de kwayiminyaka engama-1806, elo ke lixesha leeMfazwe zikaNapoliyoni. [12]
UbuKumkani besibini baqala ngesivumelwano soxolo esasingo-1871 e-Versailles.[13] elona lizwe likhulu kubuKumkani bamaJamani obutsha kwaba yi-Prussia. IiKumkani zasePrussia nazo zazikwaz"iziKumkani zamaJamani", kodwa ke zona zazingazibizi ngee"Kumkani zas"eJamani". Babubuninzi obunye ubukumkani, obamaDyoki, nobamaRhiphabhliki, bungekho se-Austria. IJamani yabubamba ubukumkani kwade kwayiminyaka engaphaya kwama-50.
Isivumelwano somanyano senziwa emva kokuba iJamani iphumelele kwiMfazwe eyayiphakathi kwe-Fransi ne-Prussia ngo-1871. KwiMfazwe yokuQala kwiHlabathi, iJamani yajoyina i-Austriya-ne-Hungari, nazo zathi makuliwe ne-France.[13] Imfazwe yayihamba okonyawo lonwabu ngakwicala lasentshona kunjalo nje uqhutywa ngokwembiwa kwemisele ukuze oyele khona amaqela ekwakusiliwa nawo, amajoni ayezikhusela ngokumba imingxuma apha emhlabeni. Abamaninzi amadoda awawayo macala omabini. Empuma amajoni ayesilwa amadabi awo namaRussia aza amaJamani aluphumelela elo dabi lwasemntla emva kokuba amaRussia enikezele. Imfazwe yaphela ngo-918 kuba iJamani yayingenakuyiphumelela imfazwe entshona ngoko ke yayingafuni ukusoloko ithumela amajoni ayo ukuba aye kufa, baza ke ubuKumkani baseJamani banikezela ngamandla abo. [13] IJamani yabanemiqathango eqatha ngakumbi, yaza ke ngoko iFransi yayithabathela kuyo i-Alsace iyixutha kwi-Jamani. Emva koqhankqalazo novukelo, ubuKumkani besibini baphela kwabe sele kuqalisa iRhiphabhlikhi yorhulumente wesininzi yase-Weimar.
Emva kweMfazwe, zabaninzi iingxaki zemali eJamani ngenxa yesivumelwano soxolelwaniso lwase-Versailles (xolelwaniso olo olwenza okokuba iJamani ihlawule iindleko zeMfazwe yokuQala kwiHlabathi) kunye nesoxinzelelo olukhulu lweHlabathi. [14]
Obesithathu ubuKumkani yaba bobombutho waseJamani iNazi; owathatha iminyaka eli-12, ukusukela ngomyaka ka-1933 ukuya kumnyaka ka-1945.[15] Baqala emva kokuba uHitler wathi wabekwa njengentloko kaRhulumente. Ngomhla wama-23 kuMatshi ngo-1933, ipalamente (eyayibizwa ngokuba yi-Reichstag) yamisa umthetho ekwakusithiwa yi-Enabling Act, yile mithetho eyenza okokuba urhulumente kaHitler enze imithetho yayo ngokwayo ngaphandle kkokonganyelwa yi-Reichstag. Oku kwamenza okokuba abenegunya lolawulo lolupheleleyo lwalo rhulumente. [16]singatsho ngokupheleleyo okokuba uHitler wabanguzwilakhe kulawulo lwakhe.
UHitler wafuna ukuwamanya onke amazwe aseJamani abesisizwe esinye, wakwenza oku kuzo zonke iindawo ezihlala amaJamani, ezifana ne-Austria kunye ne-Czechoslovakia, enye yeendawo zeRhipublikhi zase Jamani; kwakhona nanko uUHitler efuna umhlaba wasePoland Poland, umhlaba owawukhe waphantsi kolawulo lwaseJamani phambi ko-1918. Yala i-Poland ukuwuuyisela kuye umhlaba. Ukuhlaselwa kwePoland kwaqala kwimfazwe yesBini eyaba ngomhla woku-1 kweyoMsintsi ngowe-1939. Ukuqala kweMfazwe, Yayibonakalisa impumelelo iJamani. Yakwazi ukuthabathela kuyo uninzi lomhlaba osemantla nasentshona Yurophu. Kodwa ke, iJaamani yathi yahlasela ibhunga elimanyeneyo laseSoviet ngo-1941 kwaza, emva kwedabi laseKursk, iwela ekumntla Jamani laqala lachul'ukunyathela de kwaba iya esiphelweni imfazwe. Ngomhla we-8 kuCanzibe ngo-1945,iJamani yanikezela emva kokuba iBerlin yathi yafunyanwa, kwiveki engambi koko uHitler wazibulala. ngenxa yeMfazwe, iJamani yaphulukana noninzi lomhlaba wayo osempuma kumgca omdala oseNeiße, waza wathi kwiminyaka engama-45, iJamani yahlukana kubini kwabakho iJamani eseNtshona neJamani eseMpuma.
Ngo-1999 kwabakho inkqubo yokwenziwa ngokutsha kumntla Jamani, neyathi yakhokhelela ekubeni kuvulwe indawo eyayibizwa ngokuba luDonga lwaseBerlin nasekupheleni komthetho wentlalo eJamani. Ezi ziganeko zaziwa ngokokuba lutshintsho olukhawulezileyo lwe Wende okanye iFriedliche (utshintsho olungoxolo)eJamani. Emva koko, umNtla-Jamani waamanyana neNtshona Jamani ngo-[17] Ijamani entsha yinxalenye yombutho waseYurophu. [18]


text:
1:1 UPawulos, umpostile kaYesu Kristu ngokuthanda kukaThixo, noTimoti umzalwana,
1:2 ubhalela abaseKolose, abazalwana abangcwele abakholwayo kuKristu; uthi, Makube lubabalo kuni, noxolo oluvela kuThixo uBawo wethu, neNkosi yethu uYesu Kristu.
1:3 Sihlala sibulela kuye uThixo, uYise weNkosi yethu uYesu Kristu, xa sinithandazelayo,
1:4 sivile nje ngokukholwa kwenu kuKristu Yesu, nokubathanda kwenu bonke abangcwele,
1:5 ngenxa yethemba eli nalibekelwayo emazulwini; nalivayo ngenxa engaphambili ngalo ilizwi lenyaniso leendaba ezi zilungileyo;
1:6 zikhoyo kuni, njengoko zikhoyo nakulo lonke ihlabathi, zixakatha neziqhamo, kwanjengoko zixakathayo ngaphakathi kwenu, kususela kwimini enaluvayo, nalwazi, ubabalo lukaThixo ngenya, niso.
1:7 njengoko nafundayo nokufunda kuEpafra, ongumkhonzi oyintanda kunye nathi, engumlungiseleli othembekileyo kaKristu ngenxa yenu;
1:8 owasazisayo nokusazisa uthando lwenu lwaseMoyeni.
1:9 Ngenxa yoku, kususela kwimini esevayo, nathi asiphezi ukunithandazela nokunicelela, ukuze nizaliswe kukukwazi kakuhle ukuthanda kwakhe, ninokulumka nokuqonda konke okukokomoya;
1:10 ukuze nihambe ngokuyifaneleyo iNkosi, nise kuko konke ukukholisa, nixakathe isiqhamo kuwo wonke umsebenzi olungileyo, nikhulela ekumazini uThixo;
1:11 nisomelezwa ngokomelela konke, ngokokuqina kozuko lwakhe, nide nise kuko konke ukunyamezela, nokuzeka kade umsindo, kunye novuyo;
1:12 nibulela kuye uYise, owasenza sakulingana ukwahlulelwa ilifa labangcwele ekukhanyeni;
1:13 owasihlangulayo egunyeni lobumnyama, wasifudusela ebukumkanini boNyana wothando lwakhe,
1:14 esinayo kuye inkululeko ngokuhlawulelwa ngegazi lakhe, ukuxolelwa kwezono ke oko.
1:15 Ungumfanekiselo kaThixo ongenakubonwa, owamazibulo kwindalo yonke.
1:16 Ngokuba zadalelwa kuye zonke izinto, ezisemazulwini nezisemhlabeni, ezinokubonwa nezingenakubonwa, nokuba ziitrone, nokuba zibubukhosi, nokuba zizilawuli, nokuba ngamagunya; zonke izinto zidalwe nguye, zidalelwe yena.
1:17 Yena ke ungaphambi kweento zonke, nazo zonke izinto zima zimi kuye.
1:18 Yena ke uyintloko yomzimba, yebandla; oyingqalo, owamazibulo ukuvuka kwabafileyo, ukuze yena abe ngomkhulu ezintweni zonke.
1:19 Ngokuba kwakholeka ukuthi ukuzaliseka konke kuhlale kuye,
1:20 nokuthi ngaye azixolelanise naye zonke izinto, elwenzile uxolo ngalo igazi lomnqamlezo wakhe; ewe, ngaye, nokuba zizinto ezisemhlabeni, nokuba zezisemazulwini.
1:21 Nani, enibe nifudula ningazani noThixo, niziintshaba ngengqondo yenu emisebenzini yenu engendawo, kukalokunje unixolelanisile ngako ukufa emzimbeni wenyama yakhe,
1:22 ukuze animise ningcwele, ningenakubekwa bala, ningenakumangalelwa phambi kwakhe;
1:23 ukuba kaloku nihlala nihleli elukholweni, nisekelwe niqinile, ningashukunyiswa nimke ethembeni leendaba ezilungileyo ezi nazivayo, zona zashunyayelwayo kwindalo yonke ephantsi kwezulu; endaba ngumlungiseleli wazo, mna Pawulos.
1:24 Ngoku ndiyavuya ezintlungwini zam ngenxa yenu, ndikuzalisa kanye okusileleyo kwiimbandezelo zikaKristu, enyameni yam, ngenxa yomzimba wakhe olilo ibandla;
1:25 endaba ngumlungiseleli walo mna ngokokugosisa kukaThixo, awandigosisa ngako kuni, ukuba ndilizalise ilizwi likaThixo,
1:26 kwaimfihlelo, leyo ke ibifihliwe kwasemaphakadeni nasezizukulwaneni; kukalokunje ibonakalalisiweyo kubo abangcwele bakhe,
1:27 awathandayo uThixo ukubazisa bona into obuyiyo ubutyebi bozuko lwaloo mfihlelo phakathi kwazo iintlanga, obunguKristu phakathi kwenu, ithemba lozuko.
1:28 Sazisa yena ke thina, siluleka wonke umntu, sifundisa wonke umntu ngabo bonke ubulumko, ukuze simise wonke umntu egqibelele ekuKristu Yesu;
1:29 endibulalekela kona oko, ndizama ngokokusebenza kwakhe okusebenzayo kum ngamandla.
2:1 Kuba ndithanda ukuba nikwazi ukuba kukhulu kwako ukuzama endikuzamayo ngenxa yenu, nabo baseLawodike, nabo bonke abangabubonanga ubuso bam ngokwenyama;
2:2 ukuze zithuthuzelwe iintliziyo zabo, bebandakanyiwe ngothando, kusingise kuyo yonke indyebo yokuqonda okuqinisekileyo, kusingise ekwazini imfihlelo kaThixo uYise, nekaKristu,
2:3 ekufihlwe kuye bonke ubutyebi bobulumko nobokwazi.
2:4 Nditsho ke, ukuze kungabikho bani unilukuhlayo ngentetho egudileyo.
2:5 Kuba nangona ndingekhoyo ngenyama, khona ngomoya ndinani, ndivuya, ndibona ulungelelwano lwenu, nokuzimaseka kokukholwa kwenu kuKristu.
2:6 Njengokuba ngoko namamkelayo uKristu Yesu iNkosi, hambani kuye, nendele nakhelwe kuye,
2:7 naqiniswa ngokholo, njengoko nafundiswayo nafezeka kulo, ninombulelo.
2:8 Lumkani, kungabikho bani unithimbayo ngayo intanda-bulumko, nangokulukuhla okungento yanto, ngokwesithethe sabantu, ngokweziqalelo zehlabathi, kungengokukaKristu.
2:9 Ngokuba kuhleli kuye konke ukuzaliseka kobuThixo ngokomzimba;
2:10 kanjalo nigqibelele kuye, oyintloko yabo bonke ubulawuli negunya;
2:11 enathi kuye naluswa nokwaluswa ngolwaluko olungenakwenziwa ngazandla, ngako ukuhluba umzimba wenyama, ngalo ulwaluko lukaKristu;
2:12 ningcwatywe naye elubhaptizweni; enathi nikuye, navuswa nokuvuswa naye, ngokukholwa kwenu kukusebenza kukaThixo, owamvusa kubo abafileyo.
2:13 Nani, nifile nje ziziphoso nakukungaluki kwenyama yenu, unidlise ubomi ndawonye naye, enixolele zonke iziphoso.
2:14 Ewucimile umbhalo wesandla owalana nathi, owawumelene nathi ngayo imimiselo, uwususile ke kanye, ngokuwubethelela emnqamlezweni;
2:15 ebabhunyule obalawuli nomagunya, wabenza isibonelo ekuhleni, ememelela ngabo ekuwo umnqamlezo.
2:16 Makungabikho mntu ngoko unigwebayo ngento edliwayo, nangento eselwayo, nangendawo yomthendeleko, nangenyanga ethwasileyo, nangeesabatha;
2:17 ezisisithunzi sezinto eziza kuza; ke sona isiqu sesikaKristu.
2:18 Makungabikho namnye unilahlekanisa nomvuzo wenu, ethanda ukwenjenjalo ngokuthobeka kwentliziyo, nangokunqula izithunywa zezulu, engena ezintweni angazibonanga, efumana wakhukhumaliswa yiyo ingqiqo yenyama yakhe,
2:19 engabambe yona iNtloko, ekuphuma kuyo ukuthi umzimba wonke ukhule ngokukhulisa kukaThixo, uncedwa, ubandakanywa ngako konke ukuxhomekelelana kwamalungu nemisipha.
2:20 Ukuba ngoko nafa noKristu, nakhululeka kuzo iziqalelo zehlabathi, yini na ukuba ninge nisadla ubomi ngokwabehlabathi, nimiselwe imimiselo
2:21 (eyokuthi, Musa ukuphatha, musa ukungcamla, musa ukuchukumisa,
2:22 kanti zonke ezi zinto zezonakaliswa kukudliwa), nenze ngokwemithetho neemfundiso zabantu?
2:23 Okunene zizinto ezo ezidunyelwe bubulumko ngokunqula okuzithandelayo, nangokuthobeka kwentliziyo, nangokubandezela umzimba, kodwa kungengambeko yanelisa inyama.
3:1 Ukuba ngoko navuswa kunye noKristu, funani izinto zaphezulu, apho akhona uKristu, ehleli ngasekunene kukaThixo.
3:2 Nyamekelani izinto zaphezulu, zingabi zezasemhlabeni.
3:3 Kuba nafayo, baye ubomi benu bufihlakele ndawonye noKristu kuye uThixo.
3:4 Xa athe wabonakalaliswa uKristu, obubomi bethu, ngelo xesha niya kubonakalaliswa nani, ninaye ebuqaqawulini.
3:5 Bhubhisani ngoko amalungu enu asemhlabeni: umbulo, ukungcola, ukuthabatheka okuhlazisayo, inkanuko embi, nokubawa, okuyinkonzo yezithixo kona oko;
3:6 eza ngenxa yezo zinto ingqumbo kaThixo phezu kwabangevayo;
3:7 enanifudula nihamba phakathi kwazo nani, okuya nibe nisidla ubomi nikuzo.
3:8 Ke ngoku, nani aba, kulahleni oku konke: ingqumbo, umsindo, ulunya, ukunyelisa; ukuthetha amanyala kungabikho emlonyeni wenu.
3:9 Musani ukuxokisana, nizihlubile nje umntu omdala, kunye nezenzo zakhe,
3:10 nambatha lowo umtsha, uhlaziyelwa ekwazini okuhle, ngokomfanekiselo walowo wamdalayo;
3:11 apho kungekho mGrike namYuda, kwaluka nokungaluki, mbharbhari namSkitiya, khoboka namkhululeki; usuke uKristu waba zizinto zonke, waba kubo bonke.
3:12 Yambathani ngoko, njengabanyulwa bakaThixo, abangcwele, abathandiweyo, iimfesane zeemfefe, ububele, ukuthobeka kwentliziyo, ubulali, ukuzeka kade umsindo,
3:13 ninyamezelana, nixolelana, ukuba ubani uthi abe nokusola ngakubani; njengokuba naye uKristu wanixolelayo, yenjani njalo nani.
3:14 Ke, phezu kwazo zonke ezo zinto, yalekani uthando, oluyintambo yogqibelelo.
3:15 Uxolo lukaThixo, enabizelwa kwakulo mzimbeni mnye, malulawule ezintliziyweni zenu, nibe nokubulela.
3:16 Ilizwi likaKristu malihlale ngaphakathi kwenu ngokobutyebi; nifundisana, nilulekana ngabo bonke ubulumko; nithi, ngeendumiso neengoma nezango ezizezomoya, nivume kamnandi entliziyweni yenu kuyo iNkosi.
3:17 Nako konke enisukuba nikwenza ngelizwi, nokuba kungomsebenzi, yenzani izinto zonke egameni leNkosi uYesu, nibulela ngayo kuye uThixo uYise.
3:18 Nina bafazi, walulameleni awenu amadoda, njengoko kufanele abaseNkosini.
3:19 Nina madoda, bathandeni abafazi benu, ningabi bukhali kubo.
3:20 Nina bantwana, balulameleni abazali benu ezintweni zonke; kuba oko kukholekile kuyo iNkosi.
3:21 Nina boyise, musani ukubacaphukisa abantwana benu, ukuze bangafi iintliziyo.
3:22 Nina bakhonzi, balulameleni ezintweni zonke abaziinkosi zenu ngokwenyama; kungabi ngankonzo yamehlo, ngathi ningabakholisi-bantu; makube ngokwentliziyo engenakumbi, nisoyika uThixo.
3:23 Nako konke enisukuba nikwenza, kusebenzeni ngokwasemphefumlweni, kunge kukwiNkosi, akukhona kubantu;
3:24 nisazi nje ukuba niya kuyamkela eNkosini imbuyekezo yelifa; kuba nikhonza iNkosi uKristu.
3:25 Lowo umonayo omnye uya kukuthwala oko kona one ngako; kanjalo akukho kukhetha buso bamntu.
4:1 Nina baziinkosi, baphatheni ngokufanelekileyo nangokulungeleleneyo abanikhonzayo; nisazi nje ukuba nani ngokwenu nineNkosi emazulwini.
4:2 Zingisani ukuthandaza, niphaphamile kuko, ninombulelo;
4:3 kunye noko nisithandazela, ukuze uThixo asivulele umnyango welizwi, ukuba siyithethe imfihlelo kaKristu, endikhonkxwe ngenxa yayo;
4:4 ukuze ndiyibonakalalise, njengoko ndimelwe kukuthetha ngako.
4:5 Hambani ngobulumko ngakwabo bangaphandle, nilonga ixesha eli.
4:6 Ukuthetha kwenu makuhlale kumnandi, kuvakalisiwe ngetyuwa, ukuze nazi ukuba nimelwe kukuthini na ukuphendula bonke ngabanye.
4:7 Izinto zonke ezilunge nam wonazisa uTikiko, umzalwana oyintanda, umlungiseleli othembekileyo, ongumkhonzi kunye nam eNkosini;
4:8 endimthumele khona oku kuni, ukuze azazi iindawo ezingani, azithuthuzele iintliziyo zenu;
4:9 kunye no-Onesimo, umzalwana othembekileyo, oyintanda, ongomnye wenu. Bonazisa izinto zonke zalapha.
4:10 Uyanibulisa uAristarko, ongumbanjwa ndawonye nam, noMarko umtshana kaBharnabhas, enamkela imithetho ngaye; ukuba uthe weza kuni, mamkeleni;
4:11 noYesu, ekuthiwa nguYusto, kwabolwaluko; ngabo bodwa abasebenzisana nam ngenxa yobukumkani bukaThixo, abathe bona baba sisonwabiso kum.
4:12 Uyanibulisa uEpafra ongomnye wenu, umkhonzi kaKristu, ehlala ezama ngenxa yenu emithandazweni, ukuze nime nigqibelele, nizalisekile kuko konke ukuthanda kukaThixo.
4:13 Kuba ndiyamngqinela ukuba unenzondelelo enkulu ngenxa yenu, nabo baseLawodike, nabo baseHirapoli.
4:14 Uyanibulisa uLuka, igqirha eliyintanda, noDemas.
4:15 Bulisani kubazalwana abaseLawodike, nakuNimfa, nakulo ibandla elisendlwini yakhe.
4:16 Xa ke le ncwadi ithe yaleswa kuni, ize nenze ukuba ileswe nasebandleni eliseLawodike; nani niyilese leyo iphuma eLawodike.
4:17 Yithini kuArkipo, Lukhangele ulungiselelo owalwamkelayo lwaseNkosini, ukuze uluzalise.
4:18 Umbuliso lo ungesam isandla, mna Pawulos. Yikhumbuleni imixokelelwane yam. Ubabalo malube nani. Amen.


text:
INKCAZO-JIKELELE NGEEMFANELO ZOLUNTU
ISINGENISO
Njengoko iimfanelo zesidima soluntu semvelo kunye neemfanelo zoluntu-jikelele olungenakunikelwa olusisisekelo senkululeko, ubulungisa noxolo emhlabeni.
Njengoko ukungananzi nokudelelwa kweemfanelo zoluntu ezingunobangela weziphumo zobukrwada ezithi zibangele ingcwangu kwisazela soluntu, kunye nesiqalo nokufika kwelizwe apho uluntu luza kuxhamla ukuthetha ngokukhululekileyo, inkolo nenkululeko engenaloyiko kunye neemfuno ezazisiweyo njengeminqweno yoluntu-jikelele.
Kwananjalo kubalulekile ke ngoko, ukuba umntu anganyanzeliswa ukufumana uncedo, okwetyeli lokugqibela, ukuchasa ubundlobongela nengcindezelo, kuba iimfanelo zesidima sobuntu mazikhuselwe ngolawulo lomthetho.
Njengokuba kubalulekile ukukhuthaza kokwandiswa kobuhlobo nemvisiswano phakathi kwezizwe.
Njengoko uluntu Lwezizwe Ezimanyeneyo luthe lwaqinisekisa kukubaluleka kweemfanelo zesidima soluntu, oku kuxabiseka kwesidima nokuxabiseka koluntu nakwiimfanelo zamadoda namakhosikazi, bathe bazimisela ukukhuthaza inkqubela yezentlalo nomgangatho obhetele kwimpilo yoluntu ekhululekileyo.
Njengoko amalungu obuRhulumente kunye nawezizwe ezimanyeneyo azimisele ukukhuthaza intlonipho yoluntu-jikelele nokuqatshelwa kweemfanelo zoluntu nokubaluleka kwenkululeko.
Njengoko iimvisiswano zesidima soluntu nenkululeko yoluntu zibalulekile ukuze kuzuzwe esi sithembiso,
NGOKU-KE NGENXA YOKO,
Intlanganiso-jikelele
Yazisa ngale nkcazo-jikelele engeemfanelo zoluntu ezikumgangatho oqhelekileyo wokuphumeza abantu bonke kunye nezizwe zonke, kude kube sekugqibeleni nokuba wonke ubani nakunye nemibutho yoluntu, ekufuneka igcine le nkcazelo, izame ukufundisa nokuqeqesha ukukhuthaza intlonipho yezomfanelo zoluntu nenkululeko, neendlela zenkqubela phambili, kwisizwe sonke nakumazwe angaphesheya ukuze kukhuseleke ummiselo-jikelele nokuqapheleka, uqwalaselo, phakathi koluntu lwamalungu oburhulumente ngokwawo, kunye nabantu bezizwe ezibaphetheyo.
Inqaku loku-1
Bonke abantu bazalwa bekhululekile belingana ngesidima nangokweemfanelo. Bonke abantu banesiphiwo sesazela nesizathu sokwenza isenzo ongathanda ukuba senziwe kumzalwane wakho.
Inqaku lesi-2
Wonke umntu unamalungelo kwiimfanelo nenkululeko eziqulathwe kule nkcazelo, ngaphandle kokwahlulwa ngobuhlanga, ibala, ubuni, ulwimi, inkolo, ezopolitiko nezinye izimvo, ezesizwe okanye ezentlalo, ezokuzalwa okanye namanye amawonga.
Ngaphezu koko, akukho mahluko unokwenziwa usekelwe kwezopolitiko, ulawulo lwezobulungisa okanye amawonga ezizwe nezizwana okanye ummandla apho umntu akhoyo, nokuba uzimele, ukuthembeka, urhulumente ongazimelanga okanye nokuba zeziphi indlela zokunciphisa ulawulo lobukumkani.
Inqaku lesi-3
Wonke umntu unelungelo lokuphila, inkululeko kunye nokhuseleko.
Inqaku lesi-4
Akukho namnye oya kugcinwa ebukhobokeni nakukhuselo lomnye umntu, kanti urhwebo ngamakhoboka aluvumelekanga nangayiphina indlela.
Inqaku lesi-5
Akukho namnye oyakuphathwa gadalala, ngenkohlakalo, ngokungenabuntu okanye ngempatho eluhlazo okanye isohlwayo.
Inqaku lesi-6
Wonke umntu unelungelo lokwamkelwa yonke indawo njengomntu phambi komthetho.
Inqaku lesi-7
Bonke abantu bayalingana phambi komthetho kwaye benamalungelo ngaphandle kocalu-calulo ngokulinganayo kukhuseleko lomthetho. Bonke abantu banelungelo lokhuselo olulinganayo oluchasene naluphina ucalu-calulo olwaphula le nkcazelo, nangokuchasene neendlela zothelekiso kucalu-calulo.
Inqaku lesi-8
Wonke umntu unelungelo loncedo lwesiphumo sobuchule benkundla yamatyala esizwe ngokomthetho owaphula iimfanelo ezibalulekileyo ezinikelwa ngumthetho wolawulo.
Inqaku le-9
Akukho namnye oza kubanjwa ngendlela engaqondakaliyo, abe libanjwa okanye abe selubhacweni.
Inqaku le-10
Wonke umntu unelungelo elipheleleyo elilinganayo nelilungileyo nokuxoxwa kwetyala esidlangalaleni yinkundla ezimeleyo okanye inkundla zamatyala ezingakhethi cala ekumisweni kwamalungelo nemfanelo zoluntu kunye naluphi na ulwaphulo mthetho amangalelwe ngalo.
Inqaku le-11
- Wonke umntu omangalelwe kuba enetyala, unelungelo lokubonwa engenatyala ade abe ufunyenwe enetyala ngokwasemthethweni kwinkundla yamatyala apho ebe nesiqiniseko esifanelekileyo sokhuseleko.
- Akukho namnye oya kufunyanwa enesohlwayo setyala ngenxa yomthetho okanye ukushiya isenzo esingamisa isohlwayo setyala, ngaphantsi kwamatyala esizwe nawezizwe-jikelele, nangexesha lokwenzeka kwetyala. Nakuba kubekwe isigwebo esinzima kunesiya esasisetyenziswa ngexesha lokwenzeka kwetyala.
Inqaku le-12
Akukho namnye oya kuphazanyiswa kubomi obubobakhe, kusapho lwakhe, kwikhaya lakhe okanye ngokwembalelwano, nokuba kukuhlaselwa okuhlisa isidima nodumo lomntu. Wonke umntu kufanelekile ukuba akhuselwe ngumthetho ekuphazanyisweni okanye kuhlaselo.
Inqaku le-13
- Wonke umntu unelungelo lokuhamba nokuhlala phakathi kwemida yasebuRhulumenteni.
- Wonke umntu unelungelo lokushiya nokuba leliphi ilizwe nelakhe ngokunjalo kwaye aphinde abuyele kwelakhe ilizwe.
Inqaku le-14
- Wonke umntu unelungelo lokucela aze axhamle indawo yokhuseleko elubhacweni kwamanye amazwe.
- Eli lungelo alinakukhuselwa wakumangalelwa ngenyaniso engenamvelaphi, ulwaphulo-mthetho olungenazipolitiki okanye kumthetho ochasene neenjongo zomthetho-siseko zeZizwe ezimanyeneyo.
Inqaku-15
- Wonke umntu unelungelo lobuhlanga.
- Akukho namnye oya kuhluthwa ubuhlanga bakhe okanye ahluthwe ilungelo lokutshintsha ubuzwe bakhe.
Inqaku le-16
- Amadoda namakhosikazi aselekhulile, ngaphandle kokuthintelwa ngenxa yobuhlanga, ubuzwe okanye inkolo, banelungelo lokutshata babe nosapho. Banamalungelo alinganayo emtshatweni naxa sewuqhawukile.
- Kuya kutshatwa ngokukhululekileyo nangokupheleleyo ngemvume yabo baza kuba ngumyeni nenkosikazi.
- Usapho lusisisekelo esibalulekileyo sendalo kuluntu kwaye lunelungelo lokhuseleko oluvela kuluntu nakuRhulumente.
Inqaku le-17
- Wonke umntu unelungelo lokuba nezinto ezizezakhe yedwa kunye nezo azidibanele nabanye.
- Akukho namnye oyakuhluthwa athathelwe izinto zakhe.
Inqaku le-18
Wonke umntu unelungelo leengcinga ezikhululekileyo isazela nokholo, eli lungelo liquka inkululeko yokutshintsha ukholo lwakho okanye ukukholwa nenkululeko yoko unokukwenza wedwa okanye nobudlelwane nabanye nokuba kusesidlangalaleni okanye emfihlakalweni, ukucacisa inkolo yakho okanye ukukholelwa kwimfundiso, ukwenza unqulo nokugcina izithethe.
Inqaku le-19
Wonke umntu unelungelo lokucinga nokuthetha ngokukhululekileyo, eli lungelo liquka inkululeko yokuveza uluvo lwakhe ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka nokuzama ufumana ukuze udlulise ulwazi neengcinga nangaziphi na iintlobo zosasazo nokuba kukweyiphi na imida.
Inqaku la-20
- Wonke umntu unelungelo lenkululeko yeendibano zoxolo kunye neentlanganiso zoxolo.
- Akukho namnye oya kunyanzeliswa ukuba abe lilungu lentlangano.
Inqaku la-21
- Wonke umntu unelungelo lokuthabatha inxaxheba kwezobuRhulumente belizwe lakhe ngqo okanye ngokusetyenziswa kwamalungu akhethiweyo.
- Wonke umntu unethuba elilinganayo lokusebenzela uRhulumente welizwe lakhe.
- Intando yoluntu iya kuba sisisekelo sempatho kaRhulumente; le ntando iyakubonakaliswa ngamaxesha athile nangobunyani belungelo lovoto eya kwenziwa ngokufihlakeleyo okanye ngendlela elinganayo yokuvota ngenkululeko.
Inqaku la-22
Wonke umntu njengelungu lombutho woluntu, unelungelo lokhuseleko lombutho woluntu kwaye enelungelo lokuphumeza, ngeenzame zobuzwe nangemvisiswano zamazwe nangokuvumelana nemibutho namacebo obuRhulumente ngokwezoqoqosho, ezentlalo namalungelo amasiko neemfanelo zesidima nenkululeko engenkqubela-phambili yobuntu bakhe.
Inqaku la-23
- Wonke umntu unelungelo lokusebenza, ukuzikhethela umsebenzi ngokukhululekileyo, ubulungisa neemfuneko ezifanelekileyo zomsebenzi, kunye nokukhuseleka okuchasene nokungabinamsebenzi.
- Wonke umntu ngaphandle komkhethe, unelungelo lomvuzo olinganayo ngomsebenzi olinganayo.
- Wonke umntu osebenzayo unelungelo lobulungisa bokukhetha intlawulo ukuqinisekisa ukuba yena nosapho lwakhe baphila impilo enexabiso nesidima sobuntu, eya kuthi yongezwe kwakuba nemfuneko, ngezinye iindlela zokukhusela intlalo yoluntu.
- Wonke umntu unelungelo lokubumba okanye abe lilungu lweemanyano zorhwebo, ukukhusela iimfanelo zakhe.
Inqaku la-24
Wonke umntu unelungelo lokuphumla nokuba nexesha lokuphola, kunye namaxesha avumelekileyo okusebenza namaxesha eholide ezuza umvuzo.
Inqaku la-25
- Wonke umntu unelungelo lentlalo esemgangathweni ngokuphila impilo efanelekileyo kunye nosapho lwakhe, kunye nokutya, impahla, indawo yokuhlala, unyango kunye neenkonzo ezibalulekileyo zentlalo, kwanelungelo lokhuseleko wakungasebenzi, wakugula, wakuba ngumlwelwe, ngumhlolokazi, ngumdli-mhlalaphansi okanye wakuswela impilo ngokungalawulekiyo.
- Ubunina nobuntwana bulungelwe yinkathalelo ebalulekileyo kunye noncedo olukhethekileyo. Bonke abantwana nakuba bengazalwa emtshatweni mabaxhamle ukhuseleko lwentlalo ngokulinganayo.
Inqaku la-26
- Wonke umntu unelungelo lemfundo. Kuza kuba nomfundaze kwabaqalayo nakwimigangatho ebalulekileyo. Imfundo yabaqalayo iya kunyanzeliswa. Imfundo ngezobugcisa kunye nokufundela umsebenzi kuya kwenziwa ukuba kufumaneke kanti imfundo ephakamileyo nayo iya kwenziwa ukuba ifumaneke ngokulinganayo kuluntu lonke njengesiseko sempumelelo.
- Imfundo iza kujoliswa ngqo kwinkqubela phambili epheleleyo yoluntu nokomelezwa kwentlonipho yamalungelo oluntu nokubaluleka kwenkululeko. Iza kuxhasa imvisiswano, ukunyamezelana nobuhlobo phakathi kwezizwe, ubuzwe, namaqela eenkolo eyakuthi iphuhlise umsebenzi wamazwe jikelele ukuze kugcinwe uxolo.
- Abazali banelungelo elibalulekileyo lokukhetha uhlobo lwemfundo eyakuthi ifundiswe abantwana babo.
Inqaku la-27
- Wonke umntu unelungelo lokuthabatha inxaxheba ngokukhululekileyo kwinkqubela yelizwe lakhe, onwabele inkcubeko kunye nesabelo senkqubela phambili yenzululwazi kunye noncedo lwezo zinto.
- Wonke umntu unelungelo lokhuseleko, lwempatho kunye nezo zinto athi azithande ezithi zibe ziziphumo zezayo nayiphina inkqubela, ubuchule bokufunda nokubhala okanye ubugcisa bemveliso yombhali.
Inqaku la-28
Wonke umntu unelungelo lentlalo yoluntu kunye neyezizwe-jikelele apho amalungelo nenkuleleko alenkcazo-jikelele athi amkeleke khona.
Inqaku la-29
- Wonke umntu kufuneka asebenzele uluntu aphila phakathi kwalo, apho inkululeko nenkqubela-phambili epheleleyo neyamkelekileyo yoluntu ithi ifumaneke khona.
- Ekusebenziseni amalungelo nenkululeko, wonke umntu uya kuba phantsi kwempembelelo ezimiselwe ngumthetho ngezizathu zokuqinisekisa ulwamkeleko ngentlonipho yamalungelo nenkululeko yabanye, ukuhlanganiswa kweemfuneko yokuziphatha kakuhle, esidlangaleni nentlalo-ntle ngokolawulo lwedemokrasi.
- La malungelo neenkululeko zoluntu mawangasetyenziswa ngendlela ephikisana neenjongo nemithetho yamazwe abumbeneyo.
Inqaku la-30
Le nkcazo-jikelele mayingatolikwa ngenjongo yokuba imele ezobuRhulumente, iqela okanye umntu owenza isithembiso okanye osenzo sineenjongo ezingatshabalalisa nokuba ngowuphi na umqathango wamalungelo kunye neenkululeko zoluntu ekuthethwa ngazo apha.