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EGeneva
IGeneva sisixeko sesibini ngobukhulu kwilizwe laseSwitzerland. YiZürich kuphela enkulu kunaso. IGeneva sesona sixeko sikhulu eRomandy (indawo yabantu abantetho isisiFrentshi eSwitzerland).
Sizinze kanye apho kukho umlambo iRhône iLake yaseGeneva (isiFrench iLac Léman) kwaye sikwangundlunkulu iRepublic nesixeko saseGeneva.
Mininzi imibutho yehlabathi eGeneva, kunye noondlunkulu babathunywa bezizwe ezimanyeneyo neyoMnqamlezo Obomvu.[1] Kuphando lwango-2007 kwafumaniseka okokuba iGeneva sisixeko sesibini esikumgangatho ophakamileyo ngokwentlalo nangendlela ekuphilwa ngayo kwihlabathi jikelele (isogqithwa ngokucacileyo yiZürich kuphela).[2]
Ngokwezizwe, iGeneva yayanyaniswa ngokumandla nezivumelwano zaseGeneva.
Imbali[tshintsha | edit source]
Kwaqalwa ukubhalwa ngeGeneva mhla kwakuthethwa ngomda wayo wedolophu, nowawenzelwe ukukhusela ubukumkani bamaRoma ukuze ingahlaselwa yiHelvetii. AmaRoma asithabathela kuso esi sixeko ngo-120 B.C. Ngo-A.D. 443 soxuthwa yiBurgundy, yaza yawela ezandleni zeFranks ngo-534. Ngo-888 le dolophu yaba yinxalenye yobuKumkani 1000 baseBurgundy, yaza yathi yakuba lapha yathatyathwa ngo-1033 bubuKumakani baseJamani.
Ukusukela ngo-1154 oobhishobhu baseGeneva babamba isikhundla sokuba ziinkosi zobuKumkani baseRoma engwele okokoko kwango-1154, kodwa iinkosi zaseGeneva kwaza kamva kwaziinkosi zaseSavoy babe"ngabameli", basoloko belungele ukuluthathela kuye ulawulo looBhishobhu. Ngo-1290 iinkosi zaseSavoy zafumana ilungelo lokuchonga isekela-ntloko(isandla sentloko elawulayo) yolawulo, isihloko esithi iVidame yaseGeneva sathi sanikezelwa kusapho lenkosi uFrançois de Candie weChambéry-Le-Vieux inkosikasi elawula eSavoy. Isekela-ntloko linobunganga obuthile kule dolophu.
- ↑ "36 Hours in Geneva". The New York Times. http://travel.nytimes.com/2007/09/16/travel/16hours.html?scp=1&sq=Geneva+Switzerland&st=nyt. Retrieved 2008-02-02.
- ↑ Mercer Human Resource Consulting World-wide quality of living survey. London, 2 April 2007. Retrieved 13 January 2008.

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Masingen' enkomeni, singaphozisi maseko.
Ubuchule bokwenza iWikipedia ekhonza uluntu kwihlabathi jikelele iyasikhuthaza ukuba sizame ukuphuhlisa ulwimi lwesiXhosa ngokwakha iXhosapedia. Uluntu oluthetha isiXhosa luthe saa kwihlabathi liphela nangona uninzi lwethu luqukene eMzantsi-Afrika, ikakhulu kwiPhondo iMpuma-Kapa. Siyanimema nonke, mawethu, thathani inxaxheba ekwakheni isiXhosa kwelinxiwa siliphiwa kulo mqulu iWikipedia. Ukwenza njalo kuyakukhuthaza uluntu kwihlabathi jikelele ukuba lufunde ulwimi lwesiXhosa, nto leyo eyakukhuthaza udlelwano nezizwe ngezizwe rhwelele. Lonto ithetha ukuba inkqubela yoMzantsi-Afrika ixhomekeke kwimigudu esiyenzayo ukukhusela iilwimi zabantu abamnyama ukuze zityenziswe banzi kwezo rhwebo nombangazwe nakwamanye amaphulo. Ngamafutshane masithi lo singawo umba apha ume ngoluhlobo:
AmaXhosa ngabantu abayithandayo into entle, abantu abakholelwayo kukuhlalisana kakuhle nabanye abantu (bezinye iintlanga nezizwe). Isizwe samaXhosa njengazo zonke izizwe zaseAfrika zikholelwa kakhulu kwizinto zomoya, ubomi obuphilwa ngaba bantu busekelezelwe kwizinto zomoya. Umz: aba bantu bakholelwa ekuthini ukuze baphile ubomi obububo kufuneka bakholise uMdali wabo, uQamata.
Abukho ubomi obunokubasa empumelelweni eyiyo bengathanga banqule kuye uQamata abangamboniyo ngeliso lenyama. Kuthi kwakuvisiswana naye uQamata baphile ngokholo lokuba zonke izinto ziza kuhamba kutghg kakuhle, amathamsanqa aza kubalandela ze wona amashwa awagxothe uQamata phakathi kwabo. Eli candelo lisaphuhliswa. Ungatyhafi, uphinde ubuye kwamsinya. Ukuba unanto ithile ufuna ndikubekele apha, yithumele kum nge-email uyenze ibe yi-word attachment. mna ndiza kuyibhala apha ngolo hlobo uyithumele ngalo so ndiyakubongoza bhala kakuhle uyilungise imbalelwano yakho. I-email yam ithi: veech18@yahoo.com. Ifone yona ithi ( 27)73 911 6933. Mandishenxe okwangoku!
Ezi ke sithi bayibe ziziqingatha ekwakheni le Xhosapedia okwangoku, kodwa ke ziyatshintsha ekuhambeni kwexesha.
Malusasazwe ulwazi lokwakhiwa kwale Xhosapedia kuMzantsi-Afrika iphela, ikakhulu kubafundi kumabanga aphezulu. Lo ngumsebenzi wakhe wonke ubani ofuna ukuthath' inxaxheba. Masiphum' iphulo, Mzi kaPhalo, sibiz' iinzululwazi zesiXhosa zize kusixhasa ukwenza ukuba imigudu yethu ihlonipheke kubasebenzisi bomMnathazwe (internet). Ukwenza njalo kukuphilisa inkululeko yesizwe, kukukhonza uluntu, yaye okuphambili kukuzimasa uluntu kwihlabathi liphela. AMANDLA! NGAWETHU!
IMBALI EMFUTSHANE (EBHALWE NGESIXHOSA)YABABHALI BEELWIMI ZESINTU
Benedict Wallet Vilakazi
Walter Benson Rubusana


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Itshesi
Itshesi (chess) ngumdlalo othi udlalwe ngabantu ababini, odlalelwa kwibhodi enebhokisi ezingamashumi anesithandathu anesine. Itshesi ngowona mdlalo uxatyisiweyo ngakumbi ngabantu abadala ngokweminyaka. Umdlali ngamnye xa eqala ukudlala uqala afumane amaxhoba okudlala angamashumi anesithandthu: Inkosi enye, Inkosazana enye, Omongamelin ababini, Amajoni asibhozo kunye namahashe amabini.
Onke lamaxhobo ahamba/dlalwa ngendlela eyahlukaneyo. Lamxhoba asetyenziswa ngokuhlasela okanye ukukhusela awakho amaxhoba. Xa umdlali omnye ephmelele uye akhwaze athi, "checkmate". Xa umdlali esithi checkmate sube evalele inkosi yomnye umndlali.
Iindawo edlalwa kuzo itshesi[tshintsha | Yenza izilungiso kokubhaliweyo]
- Ezikolweni
- Emakhayeni
Imithetho[1][tshintsha | Yenza izilungiso kokubhaliweyo]
- Umdlali akangxoli xa edlala itshesi.
- Amaxhoba amhlophe ngawo ahamba kuqala.
- Umdlali akadlali kabini, udlala atsho alinde omnye umdlali adlale.


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IChelsea
iqela lebhola ekhatywayo iChelsea F.C.[1] liqela lebhola ekhatywayo laseNgilane elidlala eNgilane, neyaqala ngo-1905. eli qela lidlala kwiPremier League, kwaye badlala ekwibala lemidlalo iStamford Bridge eLondon.
Umnikazi weChelsea sisinhanha sas[e[Russia]] esinezigidi-gidi uRoman Abramovich. IChelsea ibe yeyesithandathu kw iPremier League (kolona didi luphezulu) kumaxesha onyaka eminyaka yoo-2011–12, kodwa yaphumelela ubuntshatsheli beqela laseYurophu, i-UEFA Champions League, kwangelo xesha linye lonyaka.
Imbali[tshintsha | edit source]
IChelsea yaaqala ngo-1905 yaza yadlalela udidi lwesibini lwe"league". Baaphumelela imbasa yabo yokuqala ngo-1955, xa kanye babeqala ukufumana intshinga yabo kudidi lokuqala. Baaphumelela iFA Cup ngo-1970, no-1997, no-2000 nango 2007. Baaphumelela indebe yeleague ngo-1965, no-1998, no-2005nango-2007. Ngeminyaka yoo-1970 iChelsea ayizange ikwazi ukugcina isikhundla sayo sodidi lokuqala, ngenxa yokunqongophala kwemali. Ngeminyaka yoo-1990 balwela itayitile yePremier League. Bababusondela kodwa abazange bade bayiphumelele de kwangunyaka- 2005 no-2006.
Ngo-2003 isinhanha sezigidi-gidi saserussia, uRoman Abramovich, wathenga iChelsea waza wonga inkunzi eninzi kakhulu ukuze akwazi ukuqesha abadlali bebhola ekhatywayo abatsha. Waaqesha noLuiz Felipe Scolari, njengomaneja weqela. U-Abramovich waaqesha noPeter Kenyon kwisikhundla esiphezulu ukuze ajongane neendlela zokusetyenziswa kwemali yeqela. Oku kwayitha amandla iChelsea nangaphezulu, baza baphumelela iPremier League kwiminyaka elandelelanayo. Eyesithathu neyayingqale ngqo itayitile yeFA Premier League yaphoncuka phakathi kweminwe yeChelsea emva kokuba bewe phantsi ekoyiseni i- Arsenal kumabala aseEmirates oko kuthetha okokuba iManchester United yaaphumelela itayitile yabo ye-thoba kwileague kumalinge alishumi alinesihlanu.
KweyoMsintsi ngomhla wama-20, ngo-2007, oyena manejala owayengophumeleleyo nguJosé Mourinho walishiya iqela "ngokusayina isivumelwano". Oku kuphuma kwakhe kwafika kanye emva kweehlazo ludlala kakubi kakhulu apho bakhutshwa khona bengamajacu ngamanqaku alinganayo macala ngo-1-1 kumdlalo weChampions League apho babebambene khona necala lamaNorweji eRosenborg B.K.. Emva kokuphuma kukaMourinho, iChelsea yoonyula uMqondisi weBhola ekhatywayo [uAvram Grant]], nowayengumanejala wecala lamaSirayeli ukusuka ngo-2002 de kwango-2006, umongameli omtsha weqela, de kwayekaCanzibe ngo-2008. UGrant wathabathela kuye iChelsea ethatha apho ishiye khona i-Premier League "Itayitile yokhuphiswano" emva kweManchester United neArsenal, yaba ke iyakwazi ukuyigcina iChelsea iyigcinela ileague de kwangumdlalo wokugqibela kwixesha lonyaka. Wafumana iChelsea kukhuphiswano lwamagqibela kankqoyi okokuqala kunye namagqibela kankqoyi eCarling Cup, kodwa wadliwa lizembe kanye ekupheleni kwexesha lonyaka, kunye nomncedisi wakhe uHenk ten Cate. UGrant wakhunjwa emsebenzini wakhe emva kokuba oyisiwe kumagqibela kankqoyi ngo-5-6 kwipenalty ebethwa yi-Manchester United kwaza kwafakwa uLuiz Felipe Scolari endaweni yakhe, owayengumqeqeshi wePortugal mandulo, ngeyeThupha. Nangona kunjalo, emva komjikelo abathi benza kakubi ngawo uScolari waagxothwa ngeyoMdumba, ngo-2009. UGuus Hiddink wazithabathela kuye iintambozombutho de kwaphela elo xesha lonyaka. Ekuqalekeni kweyeSilimela baadlala kumagqibela kankqoyi endebe yeFA e-Everton[2], apho iChelsea yaaphumelela ngo-2-1, emva kokuba uFrank Lampard noDidier Drogba bewubhakuzelisile umnatha. Kuloo magqibela kankqoyi, uLouis Saha we Everton wafaka inqaku elalingamatshe ukukhawuleza kwimbali yendebe yeFA, ngemizuzwana engama-25. Kwiveki elandelayo, owasakuba ngumanejala Milan noCarlo Ancelotti wanikwa isikhundla sokuba ngumaneja weChelsea ngokupheleleyo.
- ↑ FC sisishunqulelo. FC umele u"Football Club".
- ↑ http://www.skysports.com/story/0,19528,11095_4908061,00.html


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Ronald Reagan
Ronald Wilson Reagan (6 Eyomdumba 1911 - Los Angeles, 5 Eyesilimela 2004) weqonga ekwangumpolitiki wase Melika. Wayekwang uMongameli we-Yunayithedi Steyitsi ukusuka kumnyaka ka-1981 ukuya ku-1989. WayeyeyiRhuluneli yaseCalifornia ukusuka ngomnyaka ka1967 ukuya ku-1975. U-Reagan wayekwangumongameli ngumdlali kumabonakude kwade kwakabini, ukusuka kumnyaka ka-1947 ukuya kunyaka ka-1952 waza waphinda kwakhona ngomnyaka ka-1959 ukuya kunyaka ka-1960.
U-Reagan wazalelwa e-Tampico, Illinois. U-Reagan wasifumana e- Hollywood isiphiwo nemfundo yakhe. Waqala ukuvela kwimidlalo yoomabonakude yangoo-1953 movies. Wazimanya ngeqhina lomtshato nenzwakazi eyayikwadlala lemidlalo yeqonga uJane Wyman ngo-1940. Baza bawuqhawula loo mtshato ngo-1949. Babenabantwana abathathu. U-Reagan waphinda watshata no-Nancy Davis ngo-1952. Banabantwana ababini. Umtshato wabo waqhuba de wasutywa kukufa u-Reagan ngo-2004.
Phambi kokuba aphumelele unyulo lokuba ngumongameli kngo-1980, U-Reagan waqhuba engumongameli izihlandlo ezimbini kungo-1968 nak ngo-1976. Wayengoyena mntu mdala ukonyulwa nje ngomongameli waseUnited States enama-69 eminyaka ubudala. Waziwa njenge’’sithethi esikhulu’’ kuba wayengumntu onobuchule bokuthetha kuluntu. U-Reagan wayesaziwa njengengo’’mongameli ongatshonelwa langa’’ kuba nasiphi na isenyeliso okanye isiqebheyi awayetyabekwa zona azizange zikwazi ukuchaphazela ukuthandwa kwakhe luluntu. nangoku, uReagan usengoyena mongameli othandwa kakhulu ngabantu kwmbali yaseMelika ngenxa yeliso lakhe lethemba ngelizwe laseMelika.


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AmaNgqina KaYehova—Singoobani?
Sineemvelaphi ezahlukahlukeneyo, kodwa sinosukelo olufanayo. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo sifuna ukungcwalisa uYehova, uThixo ekuthethwa ngaye eBhayibhileni nonguMdali wezinto zonke. Sizama ngamandla ethu onke ukuxelisa uYesu Kristu yaye sinelunda ngokuba ngamaKristu. Ngamnye kuthi usoloko echitha ixesha enceda abantu bafunde iBhayibhile nangoBukumkani bukaThixo. Ngenxa yokuba singqinela okanye sithetha ngoYehova uThixo nangoBukumkani bakhe, saziwa njengamaNgqina kaYehova.
Yiya kwiwebhsayithi yethu. Funda iBhayibhile kwi-intanethi. Funda okungakumbi ngathi nangezinto esizikholelwayo.


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Xhosa clan names
Xhosa clan names (isiduko (sing.), iziduko (pl.) in Xhosa) are family names that are considered more important than surnames among Xhosa people.[citation needed] Much like the clan system of Scotland, each Xhosa person can trace their family history back to a specific male ancestor or stock. Mentioning the clan name of someone is the highest form of respect, and it is considered polite to enquire after someone's clan name on meeting. The clan name is also sometimes used as an exclamation by members of that clan.[1]
When a woman marries, she may take her husband's surname, but she always keeps her own clan name and adds the prefix Ma- to it. A man and a woman who have the same clan name may not marry, as they are considered to be related.
Clan names[edit]
A few clan names of amaXhosa and related ethnic groups include: AmaNzotho, ooKhawuta kaGcaleka, ooMaphango, ooNgxale, ooNyelenzi, ooPhalo, ooTogu, ooTshiwo kaTswawe, kaMalangana (AmaXhosa omthonyama)
- AmaGiqwa: ooJikijwa, Mvaba, Meqo, Ncudwana, Nkosana, Mdeyama, Xhe, Bhaxa, Qhirama, Nonesi, Qobo, Ntshinga ay'khwazwa ikhwazwa ngabayazo.
- AmaZangwa: Khwalo, Mlanjana, Ncuthu, Sohobese, Chiliwe.
- Bhayi (Khetshe, Mkhumbeni, Msuthu, Gwaca, Camsholo, Nyokemnyama ecand'iziziba, Nkonjane ebhabh' emafini, Mkentane, Mevamhlophe, Vundle, Khayisa – they belong to the amaVundle people/group)
- Bhele Sikwethu;Makubalo; Mzozo; Nozulu; Mavuso; Notell; Nondela; Bharhodi; Nebhunda; Salaivha;Phei; Kaifur; Kuptar; Mbai; Bhungezi; safi; dez; Pheketha; Mbeko; Ndzikame; Madzikana; Cii; Ciya; Gume; gamle; Ngamlana; Qwiba; Ndizakazi; Ntulo; Siqenduka; Nduku; Mfunisa; Masela; Ndzeku; Lahilathi; Msomi; Mzaku; Ntamonde; Hasheki; Mishekwi; Senzo; Mbidaniso; Rhamente; Mzotho; Mandela; Msuku; Mthengana; mantambo; ntuli; Mthembu; Mtembu; Ntuka; Nteko; Ntoni; Ntonga; David; Favors; Fu; festile; February; Jonnas; Bele;Gqokoma; Gontsana; Fakude; Fezela; Gugushe; Gagashe; Mehlomade; Masengi; Nyembe; Maduna; Mqwathi, qwasana; Nxasana; Zwai; Bhala; Shezi; Mbekeni; mathole; mathambo; Mazwai; Fukutha;Gwara; Tshawe; Shumeka; Tamse; Luthuli; Magidela; Mgabadeli; Ntsele; Ndayi; Nqala; Ludeke; Madikizela; Ngutyana; Mtengwana; Ngcingwana; Khuluza; matumatu; Photshozwayo; Majeke; mtholesi; Nodada; Mfikeni; Mafikeni; Mofokeng; Twala; Thwasa; Mgoma; mMgeza; Mlaba; Jereka; Jere; Jele; Vhoni; Mfeka; Ka Mvumbi ka Ngigame Notha
- "uBhele, uLanga, uQunta, uMafu, uKhuboni, uNdabezitha, uNyathi, uMadibanandlela, uSilokazi, uMbutho, uMdluli, uNkomi'nala, uMbikazi, uNontandukuphakanyiswa",
- Bhukhwana (ooMbara, Mtshobo, Phaphulengonyama, Into ezingaphathwa mntu ngoba zizinkosi ngokwazo)
- Bhisha (AmaNtambo, Gaba, Xho'ndlovu, Mvundl'olubhelu, Gogoba, Gantsa, Zotsho, Bathi Nonyawana zincinane kanti zinkulu oku kwe Bhlayi letolofiya).
- Bhuku (Sinqasha, Nkamangane, Mbhamla, Mfazi obele lide oncancisela ngaphesheya komfula, iingonyama ezigqumela ngaphakathi ngokuthanda isizwe sama Xesibe).
- Cethe (ooChizama)OoBhurhuma, Ncenceza, Mlowa, Mbambozinomongo, Ootyinyamikrwada, mlanjana, njoloza, ngcoko
- Cirha (ooNcibane, Ntswentswe, Nojaholo, Qhanqolo, Sihlobo SikaPhalo, Hloml'phuthu lidala lineempondo, Ghabha ka ntsikana, Nyembezana, MGcaleka, ooMhlantla, khawuta, ntswayibane, nkosiyamntu, ooMhlath'endlovu, Noni, Mfuyo, Lindile thuthani Mdantsane; Mayinga nyevulwa inyashe ngonyawo zambath'iindela; zona zaphosa ub'khosi ngexa yePhuta; zona zibeleke ingasi yobukhosi) by AD
- Deyi (Ncume, Cume; Cum; Wei; Wayisi; Bhangushe; Bhengu; Cebisa; Deyiso; Dei; Deii; Gabisa; Manzini; Mdeyi; Mtame; Hlathi; Hlabe; Mjoli; Makhoba, Mako; Xolo, Meko; Ngcolosi; Sengwayo; Mthwakazi; Jabavu; Nonina; Dlakana; Ngilana; Ndleko; Vezi; Ndeki; Murr; Nkuna; Mbokazi; Wushe; Khusi; Khusher, Sinyali; Phakwe; Pepu; Mphephu; Babalo; Phaahla; Phoi; Hambashe; Ham; Herr; Nkatha; Nkhatha; Gwabini; Gqwaru; Ngoni; Ngozi; Fusana; Geda; Phephu; Ndudane; Farru; Fini; Finini; Mbelani; Bhekiswa; Bekiswa; Qhakaza; Bekiso; Mase; Manci; Mancini; Noconjo; Zikhali; Mzungulu; Zungulu; Mzungu; Mphafane; Kheswa; Mphafa; Qamata; Qubulashe; Gqigqigqi; Duur; Diya; Diko; Xhonti; Ntoyanto; Xarru; Xhakaza; Xakaza; Shwawu; Mshwawu; Zotsho; Somdeyi; Sukwini; Mahoyi; Motsa; Zungu; Velelo; Valela; Phaala; Mtebele; Lambatha ; Nduli; Mbovu; Xoi; Xarr; Sarru; Soreh; Soi and Noma-Ndzo-Ndzo ka Phika'ne'langa
- Mnka 2000 bane - Majeke, Mthwembotyi, Noqazo, Mayeye, Nduntsha, Nkomo zika Marhama, zika Ngxalenye, zika Khamanzana, unyawo zipinki noba zinentsente, uMthondwana, Mbuswana, Nywabelemntwini, mfaz'obele linye, Nkomo zakwa Ntleki, Mabandla ka Rhanjana, Mzilanto. Undlunkulu wamaNkabane use Dutywa kwisithili sase Taleni*"Lunga Mdunyelwa"
Debeza – OoDebeza, ngoJebe, Nonyanya, Nongoqo, Mbeka Ntshiyini Bathi uqumbile, Khonkcoshe Mbokodo engava mkwetsho (These are royalty in the Amampondomse group. Their main concentration is in the former Transkei, in Tsolo, Qumbu and Umthatha in the Eastern Cape.)
- Dikela' Mqwathi, Bhlangwe, Yongose, Noni, Mfuyo, Ntswayibane Lindile Thuthani Mdantsane
- Dlamini (Sibakhulu; Senzeni; Puten; Henkem; Gqibheto; Gilbet; Wiffen; Vudem; Lem; Luku; Lukha; mesizwaphe; Swakwam; Von; Simsun; Roijankan; Mankuthu; Paz; Robinson; Duke; Jones; Edmonds; Tetum; Blaire; Debesi; Vakasheli; Ndosile; Leki; Ndasuka; Mziyaso; Sokhanyile; Madinga; Susela; Ndosi; Mlotshwa; Ndabazabantu; Mpangazitha; Seku; Mabhida; Peleng; Sokhula; Shange; Nxasabe; Nkulukazi; Mkhiza; Mzizi; Sejamu; Sejadu; Jinineka; Mjele; Jaziya; Jali; Mawawa; Ngubengu; Sonci; Qhineba; Ndelekana; Nyathi; Ngwcabe; Ndasa; Fuleka; Sifumba; Ndlambe; Mjevu; Jevu; Jambasile; Ndalasi; Ntesi; Tyesi; Mbele; Ntume; Nibe; Mcube; Ngcobo; Gumede; Hoffman; Sesesako; Mbusiye; Hadebe; Sibaya; Williams; Buleki; Mtshengo; Nduna; Ntlanga; Mfolosa; Lefifi; Mpuluka; Zondi; Mjeleku; Sabani; Langasika;Khabazela; Nyuzwa; Fanana; Mbeko; Mbingwa; Ntokuza; Ledimo; Leremi; Manyathela; Mashile; Mashaba; Dhlamini; Ngonyama; Mkize; Nzimakhwe; Shenge; Ngwenya; Solomons; Khumalo; Sabelo; Kelso; Daniels; Mzimba; Mndzima; Msebendzi; Ntshona; Ndlovu; Mbeki ka Nkomo ka Vungwana
- Dodo yirha, mzondi, sambu ziyeka, thambo lenyoka lihlaba elimzondayo Dlomo (different lines, Thembu or Hlubi subgroups)
- Dontsa- oNoDlidlu, oNoDlabathi, oSwahla, oMntungwa uNdukuMkhonto, uShembe, bath' uDontsa akananyongo kant' abay'bon' uba igqunywe ngesbhadlalala so mhlehlo... (Hlubi clan)
- Dzana khatsini, Mkhuma omnandi njenge zambane, Ncwabe, Nomayeye, Nxgabalala 'simamkele nkushubana' (amabhaca)
- Dzanibe (Nqolo, Gaba kaThsayisa, Mntu wasemanzini, Ndzabedvolo, abakhibexonya-bengalaluki, ningayiqabi mpobovana nizawudlula nabadluli bendlela, Ndzathsane, Mahlambahlaletyeni, Nomvalo etc.
- Faku (Nyawuza, Thahla, Ndayeni, Ziqelekazi, Ngqungqushe, Dakhile, Mpondo, Hlamba ngobubend'amanz'ekhona)
- Gaba (Mgweba, Mngqosini, Mjobi, Thithiba, Cihoshe, Nozinga, Mnt'womlambo, Thikoloshe, Ndoko, Mbokodw'emnyama Kahili, Msuthu)
- Gadluma (Cekwana, Ndulini, Gando, Tshutsha, Tyhopho, Mbomb'emfene, Izinto ezadla igusha zabelungu zathi ziziduli zethafa)
- Gambu (Memela, Msuthu Nontuli, Ngwekazi - AmaHlubi)
- Gamede (or Gamedze) (Nogele, Skhutyana, Phosibe), Mzamani, Ngonyama, Silwa kaMasikani, Nomasi, Gele, Mphubani, Maqaqasi, Mbew'enkulu engahlungulwa, etc.
- Ganu
- Gatyeni (Mamali, ndondela, nkomo zibomvu, nywabe, indoda uyivumi nepokoto, ocubungu)
- Gcina, Helushe, Xhamela Ncancashe, Magwebulikhula, Malambedlile, Nokwindla, Thyopho (Bahamba bepheth'isali – ihashe bakulifuman'emlungwini. The Gcina clan is originally from Lady Frere in the Eastern Cape. The amaGcina are thought to be kings of Lady Frere as they are the dominant clan. OR Amagcina Amarhula (Xhamela Ncancashe, Nogawul'ikhula, Malambayendle elambel'inyama yenyamakazi, nokwindla, uthyopho, uhamba epheth'isali ihashe ulifumana emfengwini, izinto zabantu abazibi koko bayazigcina, bathi iigusha ziziduli zethafa, ibhokhwe ngumnqabaza wehlathi, Isizukulwana sika Nomagwayi, umbon'obomvu wase mbo.
- Gcuma, (Gcuma, Jola, Dzabela, Mayaba, Nonga yintombi, Malandelwa yintomb' ithi ndizeke.
- Mgebe (Ngobe, Ngaleka, Mkhasela Mduduma nje ngezulu)
- Godlwana (Nompunzi, Gcodi, Lusalu, Catala ka Qoyi, mbumbulu inye zingabambini ziyadubulana)
- Goqolo (Ntshintshi, Thanana, Tyebelangaphakathi, Mjoli, Sheya, Ganeka)
- Gqunu
- Gqwashu (with Khoikhoi ancestry)[2]
- Gqwarhu – Deyi, omhlophe, Khawu, ngoszi, Mtabasa ka Dingana, cebisa
- Gxarha, Cwerha, Vambane, Mahlahla, Siyoyo, Mlawu, Potwana (Mpodomise subgroup clan name)
- Hegebe
- Jali (juda, Mpemvu, Ntlotshane, Mvetshane, Jonas, Tshira, Mabhala, Gwatshu - AmaHlubi)
- Jola SingaMampondomse ngohlanga, ooJola, ooJoliNkomo, ooMphaNkomo, ooQengeba, OoNgwanya, nomakhala, njuza, sthukuthezi, sithandwa mhla kukubi, hoshode, hakaha, mfaz' obele 'nye omabele made, oncancisa naphesheya komlambo (The royalties of the Mondomise)[3][3]
- Jwarha (Vongwe, Mtika, Mazaleni, Jotela, Khatiti, Mnangwe, Mayarha, Tiyo, Soga, Mnguyane, Mbelu, Ndabase, Bantw'abahle noba bapheth' izikhali, Ntame'nemida njengeye nkunzi, mabujwe'bhidlika njengodaka)
- Khawuta
- Khiwa (Qwebeda) (Khonjwayo, Chithwayo, Ngcekula, Ndzondela, Hlaka, Ngetu, Phoswa, Silwanyana, Makalanyana, Sikhehlana a Pondo clan)
- AmaKhonjwayo Isizwe noMnombo (Tribe Genealogy): Sizakuwubeka ngokokuzalwa kwabo, sithatha nje iintloko zabo, uChithwayo uzala uKhonjwayo, uKhonjwayo azale uKhiwa, uKhiwa uzele amawele elokuqala nguNgcekula elesibini nguNtsikinyane kundlunkulu wakhe (Great house) uKhiwa ezele uNdanya ekunene, (amaNdanya akhokelwa nguNkosi uVelile Mkono)waza kwiQadi wazala uTshizi, indlu kaTshizi ikhokelwa nguSiqukwana.(Inkosi eyayiphethe ngexesha lakudala ihlonitshiwe nguNgcekula)uNgcekula (iwele lokuqala) uzele uNdzondela, uNdzondela wazala uHlaka, uHlaka wazala uNgetu, uNgetu wazala uPhoswa, uPhoswa wazala uSilwanyana, uSilwanyana wazala uMakalanyana, uMakalanyana wazala uSikhehlana, uSikhehlana yena uzala uTatana. Ngoku singena kwinzala yewele lesibini. UNtsikinyane iwele lesibini uzele uMakhanda, uMakhanda wazala uNogemane kwiGreat House, kwiRight house wazala uThungana. Masiqale kwindlu enkulu, uNogemane uzele uGwadiso (Dumile), uGwadiso wazala uGodloza, uGodloza yena wazala uNtenteni, uNtenteni wazala uGobizithwana (uZwelidumile) waza ke yena uGobizithwana wazala uDumisani inkosi enkulu ephethe isizwe samaKhonjwayo ngoku. Kanti ke uThungana yena wobunene buka Makhanda uzele uSithelo, uSithelo wazala uPhonyela, uPhonyela wazala uMakhizinyani, uMakhizinyani yena wazala uHlathikhulu, uHlathikhulu yena uzala uThulani.
- Khumalo (Mzilikazi kaMashobane - Hlubi clan name)
- Khwetshube (Xhanga, Ngcawukana, Thamse, Bipha, Bhongxa, kaXhanga; Mhlang'olal 'intake Kaz' utshile nje zolala phi! Ndlu kaYokazi. (Mabude, Ndelemane, Detshe, Njenjani) (Mpondo clan name)
- Kwayi (Ngconde, Togu, Ubulawi, Ngcond'oneentshaba, etc.)
- Madiba (the clan name of Nelson Mandela, a Thembu. Important rulers and chiefs include Mthikrakra, Ngangelizwe, Dalindyebo, Joyi, Jumba, Sabatha, Buyelekhaya)
- Maduna (Gubevu, Nokhala, Jiyana, Tiba, Matoetoe, Msuthu, Sjekula salakulandela, Umnt'abesi gejebe nkomo sekhona, malobola gesegadana, Umnt'owaw'edakeni kwathi nqa abantu - amaHlubi)
- Majola (see Jola)
- Mambi (Nxontsa ka Xesibe, uBhulingwe kuvele imamba, uNtabazikude zikuMganu, Mntshontsho uSabela uyabizwa emazibukweni)
- mhlwane (ozibula, amahlwane, omkhaliphi, oSigayela, omasabisa, tsiya, oshlahla somquma sigawulwa sisahluma, osthebe sibanzi sisikela amavilakazi)
- Manci (Mbali, Wabane 2000 , Tshitshis'intaba, Mdludla, Zinde Zinde Zinemiqala)
- Mahlangu/Hlanga (Hlanga, Nobetha, Mqiya, Mndlovu, Mntada, Xhinela, Maleku, Nxeko, Dlangamakhandlela, Yokhwe, Maphuza, Mgweleta, Zilenzi, uMfaz'obelenye phesheya komlanjana) Thembu clan
- Matshaya Mbathane
- Mbanjwa, Gebane, Mpethwane, Gubulundu, Nongoma, Ntimela, Mhlabeka, Mantiyantiyane
- Mbatha
- Mbongwe, Mbuyisa, Mvemnyama, Khoza, Sondisa, Mathobela, Nqalela, Ndimande ka qaqaqa, Sigudu sebhokhwe, Sandamela, Ndawonde, Madas'elangeni, Nkob'aziphekwa ngamavila ziphekwa zizikhuthali - AmaHlubi
- Mbotho Mbotho, Mazama, Mtshikilana, Myalo, Fulela mfaz' olivila kuyanetha, Sibasa manzini kuvuth' umlilo, Nyawo zibomvu nokuba zinentsente, Ntsindane, Malala nentombi ivuke ithi ndizeke, Sibasa Manzini kuvith’umlilo, Thoyane.
- Mdlane, Tutuse, Nomdimba, Qandashe, Mbomboyi, Ntlokwan'ibanzana, Ngubengcuka, Mtikrakra, mThembu
- Mdlangathi: Mome mome Sirhama Somntwana, Juta, Ngwenduna, Mencwa, ntshozina, Nobhedu, Ntaba ayikhonjwa ikhonjwa Ngamadlangathi odwa, Nyonyoza ka Nyinywa, Nyame'enja eyafel'emfuleni yeza ngokunuka elalini, Ntlangwane, Mkhobela, Bhalangile ka toto, mth'ugawlwe ngabangangaye ngamapilinya, u-hagu hagu ndibolek'umbombo ndiqebul'amafusi ndakuph'iingqweqwe mhla ndafula, nzipho zekati ziyi nkcalankcala zithul'ibhekile yetiki ixhonywe emahlantini ob'hlanti, mfaz'othakathayo ubonwa ngeempund'uxweba xa kbanda, ndakthum'ebhisdolophu walibala kusel'iti enempukane, mbembe ka mahlalela, u juba lalal'emthini ngokuzbonakalisa, nkunz'emnyana bakhuz'ukuhlaba ngoba zonk'izizwe ziyzwil'ukulila.
,
- Mfene Lisa, Jambase, Hlathi, Msuthu, Buswayo, Canzi, Sanzanza, Uzango'mva Eliweni, Uyibeka Elityeni Ityiwe Zimbovane.
- Mgiqwa, Magele, Thotywayo, Jikijwa, Mvaba, Nkosana, Tshobo, Ntshinga ka Khwaza, Ntiya, Bambani
- Mhaga (noSabe, Amawel'ukuzana, uQwetha no Gqubushe)
- Miya, Gcwanini, Munja, Sibewu, Sijekula, Salakulandelwa, Maguqa agalele njenge ngonyama
- Mjoli (Deyi, Shishi, Qubulashe, Wushe, Ngilana, Nonina, Bharhuzi, Fusani, Khusi, Bhedle, Mpulana, vebi, Zulu)
- Mkhwane -Mwelase, Sigasa, Ntukela, Mlalase, Cikilili, Ngwekazi, Mqingwana - AmaHlubi
- Mkhwemte Dabane Sgadi Meka Ntwentswe Fulashe Nojaholo Ncibane Qhanqolo Ntlokwenyathi Ngququ venge
- Mngxongo (oNtsundu, oYem-yem, oVelebem'bhentsele, oZondwa zintshaba zingazubenza nto, oSophitsho, oMadiba, oNgqolomsila, oDlomo, oMthikrakra (Descendants of the AbaThembu, see Madiba, Dlomo, Mmaya)
- Mmaya (oYem-yem, oSophitsho, oMagwa, oNgqolomsila, oBhomoyi)
- Mlambo (Hlubi, oMbinga, Onoxhaka, oDladla, oLubisi, oSenene, Mlambo ongawelwayo owelwa zinkonjane zodwa pho nazo ukuba zinempiko) siszalo sika Gxiva
- Mnganga (ooKrila, Thangane, Mbamba, Bhodl'inja, Ngcondozimhlophe, Mgquba)
- Mpangela, Mvinjwa, Rhoshana, Ndlazi, Dlomo, Sibetho, Magwala, Gwadzi elisilika bubuhle, Oogudlilwandle bade balifanela.
- Mpehle : Cabashe, Dikane, uVete, Notyedo, Goc' iNyonga, Masila, Nkomo z'bomvu (a Mpodomise clan name)
- Mpemvu : uJali, uJuda, uNtlotshane, Bumela, uNgciva (a Thembu clan name)
- Mpinga, Mawawa, Mbolokoqoshe, Ntu*mntwana, uSenzwa, Sineka, Mbetshane, Hlahla lamsik' umntu es*ndeni, ngceza, Sintila, Nyaw' zinoshukela, mzukulu kaSityulu, kheth 'omthandayo, Mawawa, yazi binobaya ifanelwe ngabafana): the clan of Enoch Sontonga, author of "Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika", part of National Anthem of Republic of South Africa.
- Mqwambi, Holomi, Khawuta, Tete, Tshanabe, Tshazibane, Gcaleka.
- Mtakwenda (Leta, Libele, Tyebelendle, Ngcwadi, Kwangeshe, Mentuko, Mboyi, Solizembe)
- Mthunzi (Nyukwana, Homposhe, Njifile, Ntibane, Pepepe, Nkayi, Thambo lihlab'elimzondayo, Qabel'eliweni, Mthwakazi)
- Mvulane (Ncilashe, Msuthu, Sizila, Marhula, Papashe, Gwadela - Separate from the amaVundle)
- Mweli (Jili, Msingawuthi, Ngqambela, Masengwa, Mchemane, Sibakhulu, Mkhont’ obomvu, Ntlangwini's enebatha yaseMakhuzeni)
- Myirha Mzondi Sampu Ziyeka (Ithambo lenyoka lihlaba elimzondayo)
- Nala (Ndokose, Mpembe, Nomgquma, nojakadelana, ozila zimkhonto zimangqangqase, inkomo enhle yaphiwa amaNala nobuhle bayo, osibhekuza baboNzima, bona abaphembela umlilo emanzini uvuthe, omakhanya ehlungwini kuhlwile : amaHlubi)
- Ncuthu, Mzangwa, Khwalo, Mlanjana, Songobese, Nkume
- Ncobeni (Mthunzi, Gema, Sibakhulu, Thabethe, Dlekedle, Tiba, Khuze)
- Ndaba (Tshibase, Bhadela, Mntungwa, Nonunu, Nomangcangca, Nogubel'egoduka, Nzipho zimnyama kukuqhwaya, Nkuluka, Dzujana, Choboka nje ngomkhuma woThukela, Nyawo zimhlophe noxa zinodaka, Ntombezintle nabayeni bazo, Bharuza, Manyuza, Njujane, Nothuli, Nomangcangca, Mvelase, Magutywa, Mgubo odliwa ngabahambi bendlela, Mntungwa ombulazi owadl'umntu emyenga ngeendaba, Nompundwana zincinane yanga zingongiwa linunu entle engadli mntu, Khand'iyeza etyeni, Ngabaphakela umyeni esithebeni kuba besonga amazimba, AmaHlubi)
- Ndala (Ndala ka Momamana, uMncotshe, Msunu Sdumbu, Thole, Ngxunga Smukumuku, Ndithinina)
- Ndlovu Mntungwa Gengesi Malunga Mancoba (zidlekhaya ngokuswela umalusi)
- Ndlela (sibhekuza, nodabekhula, nodada, nala, AmaHlubi Amahle)
- Nduli (Bhoma, Phutha, Mayoni, Nkcala, Umkhont'uyimesi, Umquli kodwa akakwaz'uhlanganisa)
- Ndungwane (Bhejula, Velabambentsele, Yem yem, Bukhali bentonga, Sophitsho, UKrali, uSoze, Ngibiselwano, Isagweba esavala iindonga kukubi, uSandla senkosi, uMsimelelo, uNgqolomsila, Buhle bendoda ziinkomo, Themba lamagwala.)
- Ndzaba (Msuthu, Bhili, Mancoba, Gase, Mwelase) into ezehla ezintabeni/ezinkahlambeni zishubele ngenqatha lehashe... amaHlubi
- Ngcitshane (Sigcongoma, Nkwenkwezana, Mev'amhlophe, Mal'iyavuza)
- Ngcwangule (Mpondo clan name, Tita, Phelwani, Nqashiya, Sikhuni somga nesomthole, mfazii obelelinye owaliphosa phesheya komlanjana bahlutha bonke abasemangcwaguleni, ntombi ziyamlilela zithi Bhuti usishiyela ntoni sikhuthanda nje, Ntombi zithi ndizeke Bhuti noba awunankomo, umntu awagwazumntu emasendeni
- Ngwane (Hlongwane, Ngwane kaNgodi, Masumpa, Masenga sileke, Nduku Zinobulongwe, Masobuza, nina besizwe sikaMatiwane, usozisela kaMasumpa noTshali)
- Ngxabani (Meyiwa, Rhibela, Bhabha nomhlehlo, uMdatshi, ubodi kaNcokazi, Nontwenja yinkongolo, bebal' iinkomo nje thina sibal'iinkwenkwezi)
- Ngwanya (see Jola)
- Nkomo (Mntungwa, Khumalo – amaMfengu. They are originally Ndebele from Natal and arrived as refugees in Thembuland in 1828 during the time of the Mfecane Wars - amaHlubi)
- Nkwali (Hlubi clan name: bhukula, Mkhwanazi, Nkwali ye Nkosi). The Nkwalis’s were born ebukhosini (kingdom) buka Ndwandwe and they were famous during the rule of Dlomo the Thembu king. Nkwali originate from Mkhwanazi ka Ndwandwe. Nkwali joined the amaHlubi tribe. Nkwali gave birth to Mlabatheki who gave birth to Bukula. Same as Bukula, Maphela also comes from Nkwali. Mapela (Xhosa name for cockroach) got the name because he was so wealthy that his wealth was all over like cockroaches.
- Abakwa Nkwali bazalwa ebukhosini, kunjalo nje baduma kakhulu ngolawulo likaDlomo. UMlabatheki wayengumfo wakwaNkwali; yena uzala uBukula, lo ufungwayo ngabo.
uBukula ngulo wamisela uNtsele kubukhulu bamaHlubi, gokusuka amkhelele amanzi ngophondo ukuba awase kuise-mkhulu uDlomo. AbakwaMaphela isekwa ngabakwaNkwali. Balifumana eli gama kuba ubutyebi 552 babo buska banyakasela ngokwamaphela, kwaba se kusithiwas ngabakwaMaphela. “Ngabakwa Nkwal’ enkosi, Enyon’ engadliwa ngabafokazana idliwa ngamakhosi. Ngabakwa Buz’ elikhul’ elagedl’ umhlanga, Kwavel’ amaBuz’ abuzwana. NgabakwaNongubo-ntloko. Abanye bazitetil’ abanye bazithwele. Inkwali yintak’ engcondo zibomvu Edla ikhethe lomfula”…” Source: IZiduko zama Hlubi, ngu Henry Masila Ndawo. Published by Lovedale Press, 1939. Found at Rhodes University Library. Last updated 12/03/2013 nguNkwali, uBukula, uThando wakwa Mjebeza kaNokuni ozalwaNgumsithi yena ozalwangu Mjebeza eGobozana eQonce.
- Nozulu (Deyi, Kheswa, Mpafane, Mchumane, Mpangazitha, Macocobela, Mzimkhulu, Ndokoma, Dosini, Thukela, amaHlubi) by AD
- Nqarhwane (ooZduli, ooHintsabe, ooMaqhula, ooHlabilawu)
- Ntlane (uNtlanga, uNqabane, uDingi, ooMpilo, ooMkhondwana, oobhal'esendeni ngonqaba kwephepha, ooGcuta, oSinje, oomthwa kaSihula, amawele ukwezana ancanciswa apha nangaphesheya)
- Ntshilibe (Bhanqo, Ndize, Langa, Mdumane, Bobese, Gawul'abathakathi, Nqambodada, Nyokony'elinyam'enyameni, Ntshontshololo, Mgcaleka, senior Counselors in the Xhosa Royal House, ama andina tata ndizeke ndingowakho".
- Nxasana, Thaba, Dunjane, Skhonza, Gazo, Mkhiwa, Totoba, Malilelwa zintombi zithi "Bhuti ndiz 1ff8 eke andina mama andina tata", Gqunu kaNomphakatshane, NoMbhekela, Malunguz' udonga andulukuwela
- Nxotwe (Gabazi, Qamkazi, Mfuza afulele okwelifu lemvula, Mpondomise)
- Nxuba (Mduma, Rhudulu)
- Nyase (uMduma, uBhobhoza kaMgqiwane, uNothintwa ongathintwayo ungamthinti lo mntwana uzakukuxaka, icala lenkomo emdaka, uNdzabela, uNtsebeza, umfaz'obelelinye oncancis'okungaphetsheya, uFenjana kafebana ogangathel'abanye bedl'ubomi, oonoshukumis'imivalo, oohombe...Found in Ntabankulu and Lusikisiki, petsheya kweThina, phetsheya kweTsitsa, phetsheya koMzimvubu [AmaMpondo]) ongathintwayo ungamthinti lo mntwana uzakukuxaka, icala lenkomo emdaka, uNzabela, uNtsebeza, umfaz'obelelinye oncancis'okungaphetsheya, ofenjana kafebana ogangathela abanye bedl'ubomi, onoshukumis'imivalo, ohombe .. Found in Ntabankulu eDumsi, eMacwerheni, Lusikisiki, phetsheya kwe Thina, phetsheya kweTsitsa, phetsheya koMzimvubu)
- Nyawuza (Faku, Mpondo ruling line, chiefs including Faku, Sigcau, Bokleni, Ndamase)
- Nzotho (Nyelezi, Maphongo)
- Mqadi Ngqwili Nondlobe, Ngcwina,
- Qhinebe – (clan of Wonga Guntu, born 6 June 1914) Gqugqugqu, Zithonga-zithathu, Haha, Mlunjwa, Mkhomanzi, Duka namahlathi, nkonjan' émnyama edlalémafini.
- Qocwa (Deyi, Zikhali, Mazembe, Jojo, Tiyeka, Butsolo Beentonga Mbizana, Mabombo, Ngcolosi)
- Qoma (Qomukuyitya, ooMvand'inyama, Nyohela, Nwaba ndikwenze, ooSigqo, Sisiqobo eso)
- Qithi (Ndinga, Nkomo ayizali izala ngokuzaliswa, Yem-yem, Sopitsho, Ngqolomsila, Velabembhentsele, Zondwa, Thembu)
- Qwathi – Iinkomo zikaXesibe, zikaJojo, zikaMtshutshumbe, ogqaz'indlel'ebhek'ebuNguni. (The amaQwathi are not a clan but an independent nation founded by Mtshutshumbe kaMthetho who split from the amaXesibe nation and settled in the Mqanduli area in Thembuland some 350 years ago. Later they settled in their present capital of Engcobo during the reign of King Dlomo of abaThembu, about 1680. This small but fiercely independent and anti-colonial nation divides into several clans: amaDikela, amaTshaba, ooSdindi, ooBhlangwe, ooBhose, amaNzolo, imiNcayi, amaNtondo, amaKhombayo, ooMkhondweni, amaVumbe, ooKhebesi, amaBangula, amaDumba, ooMhotho, ooCakeni, ooBhabha, amaMvala, amaDabisa, ooS'ximba, etc. Prominent chiefs include the anti-colonial Stokwe ka-Ndlela, Dalasile kaFubu, Fubu himself (who fought and killed both Rharhabe and his son Mlawu in 1782, defended his capital and defeated Madzikane of the Bhaca in 1824 and Matiwane of Ngwane in 1828 during the Mfecane wars triggered by Shaka, etc.), Zwelakhe (present chief))[4]
- Radebe SingamaNgelengele, sisi sizwe esizi mele. Asingo maXhosa, Sotho, nor Zulu. Sithi amakhosi kwisizwe sama Hlubi.
Ndambe; Fafa; Rhudulu; Teyise; Mfunguma; Goduka; Sandali; Thole; Ncayiyana; Thetho; Holomika; Jambase; Mthimkhulu; Ngqeleni; Mkhence; Mafahla; Joseph; January; Mphela; Ndumazi; Bhaziya; Ncuthu; Rheme; Jayiya; Zusana; Ngwana; Molomeka; Malema; Fandesi; Sethima; Sidima; Ngconde; mkhabela; Ncusamba; Mfikazwe; Masinga; Msiza; Yawa; Yaso; Ohoiwa; Qoqoba; Ntsunde; Bandezi; Mqikela; Mqhayi; Mkabani; Sonto; Mai; Vrekke; Damane;Jiyaso; Ntsima; Ndeze; Zenzile; Maphanga; Zuma; Jombose; Ndayisa; Ndila; ndzimande; Bhodlo; Mzimkhulu; Mbotho; Doseni; Dosini; mMqinase; Coko; Vilane; mzoyiyana; Mzozoyana; Tuni; Tau; Baloyi; Valoi; vabooi; Booi; Saliso; Mndima; Mdingi; Ndlobeni; Ndlovukazi; Ndaba; tshaziya; tshaka; lembe; Nemba; Lemba; Bhekuzulu; Bhekezulu; Mantantayise; Sesulu; Sisulu; Ngiba; Ngidi; Goreh; Ngcandana; Mtsamai; Bereng;Tsaitsai; Ncede;Zukulu; Mkhonde; Chitwayo; Ndengane; Feketha; Ndala; Bhubesi; Lamaani; Ndrishan; Drouze; Fulmake and Solika ka Ndebela Mande; Makubalo
- Rharha-(Rharh'orhalayo ongarhaleli nto yamntu, Nokhwel'thole, Vuyani, Ndulwini, Tshwentshwe, Mfaz'obele'linye phesheya komlanjana)
- Rhoyi (Ntanzi, Dedeza, Mhlambiso, Sakhele, Ndima, Ndzube, Nzimande, Masoka, Mzimkhulu - amaHlubi Amahle)
- Shweme, (Shweme, Limakhwe, Nolundi, Nogqagqa, Malilelwa Zintombi zisithi bhuti ndizeke, Zilamkhonto)
- Sithathu –means 'third', the third Khoi-khoi ancestry clan, the two other ones are Gqwashu and Sukwini– oChisana, Khopoyi, Ndebe, Hasa, Lawu]
- Skhosana (Skhosana, Novaphi, Mntungwa, phangele, hlubi, Ntuthwana, msikamhlanga, uNtuthu uyeaqhuma zonke izizwe zabikelana zathi ngabakwaSkhosana. Dunga) by Onesimo Langeni
- Skhoji (A group of Xhosa speaking people who mainly occupy the small town called Tsolo on the Tsitsa valley. They are the direct descendants of a Scottish man by the name of William Saunders who befriended a Xhosa girl and later had issue.)
- Shiya
- Sohobese
- Sonani, ntshiza, phokela, ntshantsha ka- mpisi, bhovula zime nkqo, into'ezawela umlambo nge peni, omazanenkungu, imvula lubabalo kuzo, umabuya, umhlab'ohlul' abafokazana, usndindindi, mfazi omabele made owancancisa amawele ngaphesheya komfula wase leng
- Sukude (Mkhondwane; Gxarh’eliphezulu; Mancam’iinkomo ethenga iyeza kuba ngugqirha wamaMpondo; Umfo olal’ebanjiwe kodwa avuke kusasa engenatyala; Sikhonza esikhonz’ufaz’obele linye phesheya komlanjana; Zika Hlambangobubende; Zika Mthwa ka Sihula; Zika Gxarha; Zika Gxarheliphezulu; Zika Sitshwili; UNontwemnandi; Izibaya zika Santsabe; Umthondo omhle ozala amakhosi; Mbokod’ebomvu yokusil’ucumsi; Rharh’orhalayo engarhalel’izityalo zabelungu (Mpondo clan name)).
- Sukwini (with Khoi-khoi ancestry) – [Deyi, Chwama, Lawu, Dibashe, Somda, Somchiza, Ndlela, Ndlakhwe, Lubisi, Nja-bomvu, Sandlala-ngca, Ithole loMthwakazi]
- Thangana (Krila, Mtengwana, Rhaso, M'bamba, Bodlinja, Gobingca)
- Thiyane (Zengele, Ngele-ngele, Mahlangabeza owahlangabeza iNkosi isiza ngobuso ezweni, Nonkosi, Zulu, Buhlungu Benyoka, Nomphumela, Mpundwana zincinci zingazingongiwa, amaHlubi)
- Thole (Gqagqane, Buzini, Ndlangisa, Mzimshe, Lwandle)
- Tiyana (Mbambalalana, Sigquma-Nkungwini kutsho kothuk'izindlwana, Nhanhi, Mpheke, Mlambokhwelintaba, Tshulasi, Nongqwangile) ubukhulu becala esi siduko sifumaneka eMqanduli nangakwicala lase mpuma kumlambo uMthatha (the Clan of Bonke Xakatha "Aah! Zwelobuntu".)
- Tolo (Hlubi clan name – Dlangamandla, Mchenge, Mabhanekazi, Zulu, Vumbalempongo liyanuka)
- Mngwevu (Zulu, Skhomo, Mhlatyana, Rhudulu, Tshangisa, Bhodlinyama, Snuka, Nxuba, Fak'inyama emlanjeni iphume ivuthiwe)
- Tshatshu (ooTubane, ooHoza, Inkomo ezibomvu zikaMphasala)
- Tshawe (the ruling house among all the Xhosa. Chiefs include Hintsa, Sigcawu, Sarhili, Xolilizwe, Xhosa, Malangana, Nkosi-Yamntu, Ngcqangu, Skhomo, Togu, Ngconde]]etc.)
- Tshezi (the ruling Bomvana clan of the Jalamba-Gambushe line, with European shipwreck ancestry)
- Tshomane (with shipwreck ancestry, split from the ruling Nyawuza clan of the Mpondo)
- Tyani (Mbulu, Mdumo, Noqobo, Nontshatsha, Manci, The clan of AmaZotsho)
- Tshonyane (The clan name of Chris Hani) -Aphuma kubelungu abatyekezwa yinqanawe) – Chungwa, Dikiza, Sawu, Sido, Saba Tota, Simnke, Khwane, Hani, Mth'uzimele, Gqunukhwebe, Nkomo z'bomvu[5]
- Thwane (Fulela wanetha, Mfazi olivila, Mpemvu, Sabelo, Wuwu)
- Xaba (ooNonkosi, ooNonxa asikhathali, ooNomjoli, ooLinda, ooMwelase, ooMlotywa, ooShwabada, owashwabadel'inkomo neempondo zazo, Apho kungavalwa ngamivalo kuvalwa ngamakhand'amadoda, aMahlubi amahle.)
- Xesibe (AmaXesibe are a nation made up of several clans and tribes but their history is not well documented. Common clan names are: Snama, Rhadu, Cwerha, Nune, Mayaba, Gcuma, Nxontsa, Bhuku, Mlatsheni, Ngqatyana, Nondzaba, Mbathane, Tshomela ka Matsho, Matshaya, Makhuma).
- Xhamela (They are also called amaGcina, found in Thembuland).
- Xoko (Mpinga, Mawawa, Ntomtwana, Ngceza...Mostly populated in Bizana and Surrounding areas)
- Zangwa (Khwalo, Ncuthu, Sohobese, oonkuma – amaMpondo).
- Zulu Ntombela, Tshaka, Lombeki, Mtungwa, Mhlehluwile, Sikamade, Mpungose, Mpundzima, Ndabakazi, Mbilingati, Sakhephi, Seme, Ndlovana, Ngwana, Lemba, Phungula, Zulu
- Zoko ( Chatha, Dlokovana, Mathathesuka njeNyamazane, Ngqambashe, Diya malandelwa yintombi ithi ngizeke noma awunkomo, mntomhle njenjomi, Bekwa, Mafumbatha, Kitana, Gojana, Maniza, Mbhantso, Makhawini, Mazwana, Matana, Mkhosana, Nduluka, Nyumbana, Tseku, Bhokomela)
Xhosa tribes all 12 remain as follows:
- AmaGqunukhweba
- AmaRigwa
- AmaHigwa
- AbaThwa - AmaSan and Khoi
- AmaMpondo
- AmaMpondomise
- AmaBomvana
- AmaFingo
- AmaXesibe
- AmaQadi
- AmaFingwa
In Terms temporals was Alikednth Not Xhoosa Was Laerthghyu
Ikumkanikazhii Kuxeshaa Nghamaxhoosa Emhilhonhi Kusekudhalhenhi
- Amagqhunhukhweba - Zhandholhoo Ndhimaa Ngqhamhakhwe Qaamaataa
- AmaMpomse - Nqabeki Sumhako Saandhandha Mbhetsholomee
- AmaMfenghuu - Ndhasii Ndhoa Ndelemi Ntsakamu Lithekaaa
- AmaGQadi - Quma Xarru Langmaan Xoi Sun Velelaa Xaam
- AmaMpondhoo - Gxizhaa Qaa Lalhefhii Qe Qaukaa Qawukelo
- AmaXesibe - Lejaais Nkoi D'Nkoi Nkoi Plaatoonhath Rhoi
- AmaBomvhanha - Lesjhaku Lhankumhaa Nhekwathi Selebhamthi Se
- AmaFinghwaa - Sondhomhaa Lhidhirhaa Rhazhiswamhee Rhaletshu
- AmaFinghoo - Solentsu Nghibhanghiso Lhamnghethuu Nghonhiii
- AbaThwaa - Ntselekiso Sabalelhii Hintsaa Selaamtshadhi Ncia Ciyaa Ncu Xaa
- AmaRigwa - Ntelekeso Selhuya Mpita Se Silanto Ntintalantsu Ntsola
- AmaHighwa - Nhikhwelase Siyhaselwase Mhikwase Lidhirhaswe Mhavhekisa Gwijhaa
- AmaNdambane -mvulotshe,Nohali,Ndlungwane,Maqolo,squngelo,ngubo nkulu Mayiwa
Amacwerha-Cwerha,Gxarha,Mlawu,Mahlahlana,Siyoyo
- Msuthu:Mtlokwa ,tsotetsi , sbilwana ,*msuthukazi or Females
References[edit]
- ^ African Voices
- ^ "Sharing Cultures: Personal Revelations: Ncedisa Mayeko". Archived from the original on 2013-10-03. Retrieved 4 July 2015.
- ^ a b Zenani, N.M.; Bhotomane, N.; Scheub, H. (2006). South African voices: The way we travelled : oral history and poetry. Parallel Press, University of Wisconsin-Madison Libraries. p. 22. ISBN 9781893311718. Retrieved 4 July 2015.
- ^ The origin of the Qwathi Archived 13 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine.
- ^ "Iziduko nezinqulo zamaXhosa jikelele (Xhosa clans) | Abongisocial's Blog". abongisocial.wordpress.com. Retrieved 4 July 2015.
TSHATSHU- ooTubane, ooHoza, Inkoma ezibomvu zikaMphasalala.
Sources[edit]
- Mlungisi Ndima (1988). A History of the Qwathi People from the Earliest Times to 1910. MA Thesis. Rhodes University.
- Kirsch et al. 2000 Clicking with Xhosa (2001). Cape Town: David Phillips Publishers. p. 22.
- Makuliwe, Mpumelelo T.A. Iziduko zabantu abathetha IsiXhosa: isikhokelo kwintetho yesintu.


text:
Integrity Helpline
Ungahlola imo yengxelo yakho okanye umbuzo usebenzisa inombolo yokungena nephaswedi oyiyile ngoxa ubufaka ingxelo okanye umbuzo.
Ukuba ukhetha ukuthetha nomntu bucala, sifowunele yaye omnye wabameli bethu angakuvuyela ukukunceda.
select local number below
Ukuba ufowunela inombolo yehlabathi khetha indawo ohlala kuyo ngokusuka kuluhlu olungezantsi ukuze ufumane inombolo yokufowuna eyabelwe ilizwe lakho. Ukuba ilizwe lakho alikho kuluhlu cofa apha ukuze ufumane imiyalelo eyongezelelekileyo.
Nceda uphawule ukuba le ayiyonkonzo yongxamiseko. Qhagamshelana nabaphathi basekuhlaleni ukuba lo mba uphakathi kokufa nokuphila.
Imiyalelo yokufowunela eyehlabathi
Lo ayingomnxeba wongxamiseko. Ukuba unikela ingxelo yongxamiseko, nceda uqhagamshele inkonzo efanelekileyo yongxamiseko okanye ingalo yomthetho ekwingingqi okanye ilizwe lakho
If your country is not listed, use the following number for a collect call/reverse charge call. Operator assistance may be required and local charges may apply:+1-720-514-4400
Xa ufowunela eyehlabathi nceda uqiniseke ukuba usebenzisa indlela efanelekileyo yokuphuma neekhowudi zelizwe ezithile zalapho uhlala khona nezalapho ufowunela khona.
Lo ayingomnxeba wongxamiseko. Ukuba unikela ingxelo yongxamiseko, nceda uqhagamshele inkonzo efanelekileyo yongxamiseko okanye ingalo yomthetho ekwingingqi okanye ilizwe lakho


text:
Ezemidlalo
Ezemidlalo ziquka yonke into esebenzisa amandla ethi yenziwe ngokudlala ethi yenziwe ngokungahoywa okanye ngocwangco injongo ikuku lolonga umzimba nokunika ulonwabo kwabo babandakanyekayo.
Ezemidlalo zisenokunzwelwa ukuphiswano, apho lowo uphumeleleyo athi abonakale ngomvuzo lento iye idinge ubuchwepheshe ingakumbimbi kumabuquka naleyo idlalwa ngabantu nganye nganye, ukuya kutsho kuleyo idlalwa ngamakhulu abantu ngaxeshanye, benagamaqela okanye bezimele ngenqayi elangeni. Eminye engasebenzisi mangla enjenge midlalo yebhodi kunye neenkasi nayo nbanga aphezulu.
Iindidi zemidlalo ekhoyo ingamakhulu ngamakhulu, kuquka naleyo idlalwa ngabantu nganye nganye, ukuya kutsho kuleyo idlalwa ngamakhulu abantu ngaxes yebhodi kunye neenkasi nayo nbanga aphezulu. Iindidi zemidlalo ekhoyo ingamakhulu ngamakhulu, kuquka naleyo idlalwa ngabantu nganye nganye, ukuya kutsho kuleyo idlalwa ngamakhulu abantu ngaxeshanye, benagamaqela okanye bezimele ngenqayi elangeni.
Eminye engasebenzisi mangla enjenge midlalo yebhodi kunye neenkasi nayo nye amaxhesha kuthiwa zezemidlalo, kodwa imidlalo yaziwa ngokusebenzisa amandla nangokubuchwepheshe bomzimba.


text:
Kwiminyaka engama-20 iApple eyakhelwe ngaphakathi eMac
iwotshi ye-menubar ihlale ilolu hlobo.
Indawo enkulu yokuthengiswa kwezindlu kunye nomhlaba kodwa ngelishwa, oku kungentla kuko konke okwenzayo
Abantu bafuna okungaphezulu Clock Mac, kunjalo ...
iClock
Imisela iwotshi ye-Apple yakudala ngolawulo lwexesha langoku lomhla / ulawulo lomhla, izixhobo zemveliso?
iClock lixesha, umhla, ii-alamu, iikhalenda, izigaba zenyanga, ukubala, isitophuwatshi, ii-chimes, iiwotshi ezihamba emanzini, amaxesha okubhala e-pomodoro, imenyu yokufaka isicelo, i-BigCal, iTinyCal, i-othomathikhi yemodi emnyama / ekhanyayo, ishedyuli yehlabathi, ixesha lehlabathi, ialam ye-laptop kunye nokunye okuninzi.
Yindlela elula ukuyisebenzisa kunokuba uyichaza.
Lazi ukuhamba kwexesha
Nge-iClock izinto eziyimfuneko ezandleni zakho
Iimbonakalo
✓ isebenza kakuhle ngeNdlela eMnyama kwiMac OS Mojave (10.14)
I-Apple okanye ikhalenda yakho kaGoogle ifumaneke ngoko nangoko kwimenyu
Iintlobo ezi-2 zeekhalenda (ezincinci okanye ezinkulu iikhalenda) ezifikelelekayo kumamenyu kunye nobungakanani obutsalayo bokukunceda ubone kwaye uhlele ngokulula ishedyuli yakho kunye neziganeko
✓ Ukusuka kwimenyu yokubhalwa kwemenyu cofa ixesha ukuze ubone ixesha lendawo kunye nolwazi olubalulekileyo kuzo naziphi na izixeko ezisehlabathini kwimenyu esebenzayo. Elona xesha lililo lehlabathi okanye iwotshi yehlabathi kwiMac.
'Thatha i-5' lixesha lekhefu okanye i-pomadoro timer ukukhumbuza abasebenzi baseofisini ukuba bathathe imizuzu embalwa yokuvuka nangaphezulu bejikeleze okanye benze umthambo wezempilo.
✓ Yiba nomhla, umhla kunye nexesha kwifonti ezahlukeneyo kunye nemibala kwibala leemenyu
Schedule Ishedyuli yeHlabathi: ikunceda ucwangcise amaxesha eentlanganiso zamazwe ngamazwe ukuze zilungele ucwangciso lomntu wonke
✓ Seta iialamu ngoko nangoko kwimenyu yokuphekela amaqanda, ukwenza iintlanganiso, iindawo ezithile okanye iindawo ezithile
✓ Isibali-xesha esisezantsi, isitophuwatshi, kunye neewotshi zokudada kwi desktop yakho
S Iiwotshi ezityhutyha inokuba yi-analog okanye yidijithali. I-Analog ineewotshi ezininzi
✓ Kuzo zonke ezi zinto zincinci zokusebenza ulungelelanisa ixesha / umhla kuzo zonke iindlela iiwotshi ze-Apple ezingenakukwazi
✓ Yongeza imenyu yesicelo kwimenyu yemenyu (njengakwi-OS 9) ukuvumela ukubona zonke iinkqubo zokusebenza nokutshintshela kuzo
Alarm Inketho yealarm yealaptop. Yenza i alarm yeelaptop kwaye ixhotyiswe zizandi ezithile ezinamandla xa isandi sakho somandla sicinyiwe.
Yenza umbala omkhulu weBigCal, ubungakanani, njl.nokuthanda kwakho ukongeza umfanekiso wakho owuthandayo kwaye uprinte ikhalenda yenyanga enye ukuya kwi-1 eludongeni okanye kubahlobo bakho
Zonke iinketho ezingasentla zinokuvulwa okanye zicinywe kwaye zibekwe ngendlela ngeendlela zokwenza iimfuno zakho
IClock imalunga nemveliso kodwa hayi malunga neshishini! Nandipha izigaba zenyanga, iimeyile ezineesandi ezifana neBig Ben okanye iwotshi ye-cockoo. Kumnandi ukuyisebenzisa.
iClock ibonelela
Zama Simahla
Okanye Thenga
iClockNgexesha lobomi bakho
-
I-24 / 7 / 365 ekhoyo
-
Iyafumaneka kuzo zonke iiMacs zakho
-
Iminyaka emi-2 yohlaziyo nenkxaso
iClock yinto ebaluleke kakhulu endaweni yeApple yakudala
Iwotshi ye-menubar eneempawu ezinamandla ngakumbi zemveliso iseti.
Ewe kunjalo ine-alamu yokukhupha amandla e-laptop xa use-Starbucks okanye kwisikhululo seenqwelomoya.


text:
Bekukudala ngokoMabuda
Zandila iinqwelo zka mozisi
Lwatshaba utshaba neembandezelo Kwavelukukhanya kwintsunguzi yobumnyama
Aqhawka amatyathanga latelephula ihashe lam kwimigqomo ezanezandi ezitalatweni
Ndiybon indlela eya empumelelweni, ndiqinisuphondo ndisiqabi bhotolo isiphiwo Sam
Emva kwethubelide ndizulisa ndibheka bheka ndisenza okuphambebeyo nentliziyo yam
Mali soze, xakunamhla isakhono Sam ndosenz intloko yenyoka ndoodudula ngaso lookati kweloziko
Ndivumeleni ndidyushe ndibhomboloze phezukwezandi ndixolise umphefumlo wam
Ndibalise okuviwe ziindlebe zam, ndinabise ngokubonwe ngamehlo am, Ndizobe imifanekiso ngendlela ehanjwe ziinyawo zam
Onendlebe yokumamela uyakuzuza nto, ze izaphuselane ezibhidwe ngumkhondo zibuye ziwulande kwakhona
.
Ngoba kaloku esi ayisosiqalo yinqubela phambili yendlela eyasekwa kwamhla mnene. Uyeke nje ukuba ndaaphulukana nethemba ngenxa yokungabi namqolo
Ukuphungu phunguza ukhangela indlela lula wokusondez ipeni suke, kuphuncuke kwaleyo igoso uzibone sowuyi muna muna
Asiloqhinga indlela emfutshane kuba okuze lula kakade kufumbatha umzuzwana
Ndiqinisekile uLadux uziqika qika kunene esakubona iindlela zam, umoya wakhe awufumani zinzo usakugilana nezenzo zam
Lifikile ithuba mandibuyele enkomeni ngokwenene ndizibonile iziphoso zam
Eli asilobali sisifungo senguquko kwanele, itshuphinda ntokaNzotho ibibubuyatha ukucinga ndinganako ukuyibukela isemka nomsinga intokazi yam
Nangona lingabonakali ngeso lenyama kodwa imisebenzi yalo isenzumahluko kwiingcinga zoontloko lukhuni nezilumko
Mandiyihlangule ndibuye ndinike abantu ukutya kwabo, kungenjalo andisayikuxola de ndilishiye elimiyo ndingasi fezekisanga isethembiso Sam
Andaleli bani, onomdla makakhwele siye apho kungenje. nangona singazi esodibana nako, ikakade amangomso asesihogweni sobona phambili
Thwaluhadi lwakho Hlalutye sakuthi sokufuman umthunzi ulungombe ndoontyiloza phezukwalo
Ndiyafunga okude kufuphi naloongxolo akanongasondeli, somnika ngaphezukoko
Nangoku, esi ayisosiqalo yinqubela phambili yendlela eyasekwa kwamhla mnene
Kungani ke ukungabaza nje ukuphumelela kwemigudu eyasungulwa kwakude kdala ngalamakhwenkwe?
Sivumeleni simphakamise undlunkulu noko kudala ezolile ethozamile, ebukele nizenzela
Sondelani yeyele ayingangathi xayinje
Andibanjwanga andizothetha de ndiziqhawululwimi, mandihlale phantsi ndophakama futhi ndisakuphumza imixhadi
Ikakade nesi ibisisithembiso ndinithembisa ukuninika ithemba kuba ndinethemba lokuba nondiniki themba nisakuthembela kum
Ndaabeva besithamade ngawetyala amafutshane ngawothando, kuba ke ndinithanda seninonke mandiwenze mafutshane nalana
Ngoba andinabudlelwane neengxoxo zamatyala ndandisuxolo, masgudlane sisulelane ngothando
Sibambane sabelane ngezondlo zomphefumlo


text:
INKCAZO-JIKELELE NGEEMFANELO ZOLUNTU
ISINGENISO
Njengoko iimfanelo zesidima soluntu semvelo kunye neemfanelo zoluntu-jikelele olungenakunikelwa olusisisekelo senkululeko, ubulungisa noxolo emhlabeni.
Njengoko ukungananzi nokudelelwa kweemfanelo zoluntu ezingunobangela weziphumo zobukrwada ezithi zibangele ingcwangu kwisazela soluntu, kunye nesiqalo nokufika kwelizwe apho uluntu luza kuxhamla ukuthetha ngokukhululekileyo, inkolo nenkululeko engenaloyiko kunye neemfuno ezazisiweyo njengeminqweno yoluntu-jikelele.
Kwananjalo kubalulekile ke ngoko, ukuba umntu anganyanzeliswa ukufumana uncedo, okwetyeli lokugqibela, ukuchasa ubundlobongela nengcindezelo, kuba iimfanelo zesidima sobuntu mazikhuselwe ngolawulo lomthetho.
Njengokuba kubalulekile ukukhuthaza kokwandiswa kobuhlobo nemvisiswano phakathi kwezizwe.
Njengoko uluntu Lwezizwe Ezimanyeneyo luthe lwaqinisekisa kukubaluleka kweemfanelo zesidima soluntu, oku kuxabiseka kwesidima nokuxabiseka koluntu nakwiimfanelo zamadoda namakhosikazi, bathe bazimisela ukukhuthaza inkqubela yezentlalo nomgangatho obhetele kwimpilo yoluntu ekhululekileyo.
Njengoko amalungu obuRhulumente kunye nawezizwe ezimanyeneyo azimisele ukukhuthaza intlonipho yoluntu-jikelele nokuqatshelwa kweemfanelo zoluntu nokubaluleka kwenkululeko.
Njengoko iimvisiswano zesidima soluntu nenkululeko yoluntu zibalulekile ukuze kuzuzwe esi sithembiso,
NGOKU-KE NGENXA YOKO,
Intlanganiso-jikelele
Yazisa ngale nkcazo-jikelele engeemfanelo zoluntu ezikumgangatho oqhelekileyo wokuphumeza abantu bonke kunye nezizwe zonke, kude kube sekugqibeleni nokuba wonke ubani nakunye nemibutho yoluntu, ekufuneka igcine le nkcazelo, izame ukufundisa nokuqeqesha ukukhuthaza intlonipho yezomfanelo zoluntu nenkululeko, neendlela zenkqubela phambili, kwisizwe sonke nakumazwe angaphesheya ukuze kukhuseleke ummiselo-jikelele nokuqapheleka, uqwalaselo, phakathi koluntu lwamalungu oburhulumente ngokwawo, kunye nabantu bezizwe ezibaphetheyo.
Inqaku loku-1
Bonke abantu bazalwa bekhululekile belingana ngesidima nangokweemfanelo. Bonke abantu banesiphiwo sesazela nesizathu sokwenza isenzo ongathanda ukuba senziwe kumzalwane wakho.
Inqaku lesi-2
Wonke umntu unamalungelo kwiimfanelo nenkululeko eziqulathwe kule nkcazelo, ngaphandle kokwahlulwa ngobuhlanga, ibala, ubuni, ulwimi, inkolo, ezopolitiko nezinye izimvo, ezesizwe okanye ezentlalo, ezokuzalwa okanye namanye amawonga.
Ngaphezu koko, akukho mahluko unokwenziwa usekelwe kwezopolitiko, ulawulo lwezobulungisa okanye amawonga ezizwe nezizwana okanye ummandla apho umntu akhoyo, nokuba uzimele, ukuthembeka, urhulumente ongazimelanga okanye nokuba zeziphi indlela zokunciphisa ulawulo lobukumkani.
Inqaku lesi-3
Wonke umntu unelungelo lokuphila, inkululeko kunye nokhuseleko.
Inqaku lesi-4
Akukho namnye oya kugcinwa ebukhobokeni nakukhuselo lomnye umntu, kanti urhwebo ngamakhoboka aluvumelekanga nangayiphina indlela.
Inqaku lesi-5
Akukho namnye oyakuphathwa gadalala, ngenkohlakalo, ngokungenabuntu okanye ngempatho eluhlazo okanye isohlwayo.
Inqaku lesi-6
Wonke umntu unelungelo lokwamkelwa yonke indawo njengomntu phambi komthetho.
Inqaku lesi-7
Bonke abantu bayalingana phambi komthetho kwaye benamalungelo ngaphandle kocalu-calulo ngokulinganayo kukhuseleko lomthetho. Bonke abantu banelungelo lokhuselo olulinganayo oluchasene naluphina ucalu-calulo olwaphula le nkcazelo, nangokuchasene neendlela zothelekiso kucalu-calulo.
Inqaku lesi-8
Wonke umntu unelungelo loncedo lwesiphumo sobuchule benkundla yamatyala esizwe ngokomthetho owaphula iimfanelo ezibalulekileyo ezinikelwa ngumthetho wolawulo.
Inqaku le-9
Akukho namnye oza kubanjwa ngendlela engaqondakaliyo, abe libanjwa okanye abe selubhacweni.
Inqaku le-10
Wonke umntu unelungelo elipheleleyo elilinganayo nelilungileyo nokuxoxwa kwetyala esidlangalaleni yinkundla ezimeleyo okanye inkundla zamatyala ezingakhethi cala ekumisweni kwamalungelo nemfanelo zoluntu kunye naluphi na ulwaphulo mthetho amangalelwe ngalo.
Inqaku le-11
- Wonke umntu omangalelwe kuba enetyala, unelungelo lokubonwa engenatyala ade abe ufunyenwe enetyala ngokwasemthethweni kwinkundla yamatyala apho ebe nesiqiniseko esifanelekileyo sokhuseleko.
- Akukho namnye oya kufunyanwa enesohlwayo setyala ngenxa yomthetho okanye ukushiya isenzo esingamisa isohlwayo setyala, ngaphantsi kwamatyala esizwe nawezizwe-jikelele, nangexesha lokwenzeka kwetyala. Nakuba kubekwe isigwebo esinzima kunesiya esasisetyenziswa ngexesha lokwenzeka kwetyala.
Inqaku le-12
Akukho namnye oya kuphazanyiswa kubomi obubobakhe, kusapho lwakhe, kwikhaya lakhe okanye ngokwembalelwano, nokuba kukuhlaselwa okuhlisa isidima nodumo lomntu. Wonke umntu kufanelekile ukuba akhuselwe ngumthetho ekuphazanyisweni okanye kuhlaselo.
Inqaku le-13
- Wonke umntu unelungelo lokuhamba nokuhlala phakathi kwemida yasebuRhulumenteni.
- Wonke umntu unelungelo lokushiya nokuba leliphi ilizwe nelakhe ngokunjalo kwaye aphinde abuyele kwelakhe ilizwe.
Inqaku le-14
- Wonke umntu unelungelo lokucela aze axhamle indawo yokhuseleko elubhacweni kwamanye amazwe.
- Eli lungelo alinakukhuselwa wakumangalelwa ngenyaniso engenamvelaphi, ulwaphulo-mthetho olungenazipolitiki okanye kumthetho ochasene neenjongo zomthetho-siseko zeZizwe ezimanyeneyo.
Inqaku-15
- Wonke umntu unelungelo lobuhlanga.
- Akukho namnye oya kuhluthwa ubuhlanga bakhe okanye ahluthwe ilungelo lokutshintsha ubuzwe bakhe.
Inqaku le-16
- Amadoda namakhosikazi aselekhulile, ngaphandle kokuthintelwa ngenxa yobuhlanga, ubuzwe okanye inkolo, banelungelo lokutshata babe nosapho. Banamalungelo alinganayo emtshatweni naxa sewuqhawukile.
- Kuya kutshatwa ngokukhululekileyo nangokupheleleyo ngemvume yabo baza kuba ngumyeni nenkosikazi.
- Usapho lusisisekelo esibalulekileyo sendalo kuluntu kwaye lunelungelo lokhuseleko oluvela kuluntu nakuRhulumente.
Inqaku le-17
- Wonke umntu unelungelo lokuba nezinto ezizezakhe yedwa kunye nezo azidibanele nabanye.
- Akukho namnye oyakuhluthwa athathelwe izinto zakhe.
Inqaku le-18
Wonke umntu unelungelo leengcinga ezikhululekileyo isazela nokholo, eli lungelo liquka inkululeko yokutshintsha ukholo lwakho okanye ukukholwa nenkululeko yoko unokukwenza wedwa okanye nobudlelwane nabanye nokuba kusesidlangalaleni okanye emfihlakalweni, ukucacisa inkolo yakho okanye ukukholelwa kwimfundiso, ukwenza unqulo nokugcina izithethe.
Inqaku le-19
Wonke umntu unelungelo lokucinga nokuthetha ngokukhululekileyo, eli lungelo liquka inkululeko yokuveza uluvo lwakhe ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka nokuzama ufumana ukuze udlulise ulwazi neengcinga nangaziphi na iintlobo zosasazo nokuba kukweyiphi na imida.
Inqaku la-20
- Wonke umntu unelungelo lenkululeko yeendibano zoxolo kunye neentlanganiso zoxolo.
- Akukho namnye oya kunyanzeliswa ukuba abe lilungu lentlangano.
Inqaku la-21
- Wonke umntu unelungelo lokuthabatha inxaxheba kwezobuRhulumente belizwe lakhe ngqo okanye ngokusetyenziswa kwamalungu akhethiweyo.
- Wonke umntu unethuba elilinganayo lokusebenzela uRhulumente welizwe lakhe.
- Intando yoluntu iya kuba sisisekelo sempatho kaRhulumente; le ntando iyakubonakaliswa ngamaxesha athile nangobunyani belungelo lovoto eya kwenziwa ngokufihlakeleyo okanye ngendlela elinganayo yokuvota ngenkululeko.
Inqaku la-22
Wonke umntu njengelungu lombutho woluntu, unelungelo lokhuseleko lombutho woluntu kwaye enelungelo lokuphumeza, ngeenzame zobuzwe nangemvisiswano zamazwe nangokuvumelana nemibutho namacebo obuRhulumente ngokwezoqoqosho, ezentlalo namalungelo amasiko neemfanelo zesidima nenkululeko engenkqubela-phambili yobuntu bakhe.
Inqaku la-23
- Wonke umntu unelungelo lokusebenza, ukuzikhethela umsebenzi ngokukhululekileyo, ubulungisa neemfuneko ezifanelekileyo zomsebenzi, kunye nokukhuseleka okuchasene nokungabinamsebenzi.
- Wonke umntu ngaphandle komkhethe, unelungelo lomvuzo olinganayo ngomsebenzi olinganayo.
- Wonke umntu osebenzayo unelungelo lobulungisa bokukhetha intlawulo ukuqinisekisa ukuba yena nosapho lwakhe baphila impilo enexabiso nesidima sobuntu, eya kuthi yongezwe kwakuba nemfuneko, ngezinye iindlela zokukhusela intlalo yoluntu.
- Wonke umntu unelungelo lokubumba okanye abe lilungu lweemanyano zorhwebo, ukukhusela iimfanelo zakhe.
Inqaku la-24
Wonke umntu unelungelo lokuphumla nokuba nexesha lokuphola, kunye namaxesha avumelekileyo okusebenza namaxesha eholide ezuza umvuzo.
Inqaku la-25
- Wonke umntu unelungelo lentlalo esemgangathweni ngokuphila impilo efanelekileyo kunye nosapho lwakhe, kunye nokutya, impahla, indawo yokuhlala, unyango kunye neenkonzo ezibalulekileyo zentlalo, kwanelungelo lokhuseleko wakungasebenzi, wakugula, wakuba ngumlwelwe, ngumhlolokazi, ngumdli-mhlalaphansi okanye wakuswela impilo ngokungalawulekiyo.
- Ubunina nobuntwana bulungelwe yinkathalelo ebalulekileyo kunye noncedo olukhethekileyo. Bonke abantwana nakuba bengazalwa emtshatweni mabaxhamle ukhuseleko lwentlalo ngokulinganayo.
Inqaku la-26
- Wonke umntu unelungelo lemfundo. Kuza kuba nomfundaze kwabaqalayo nakwimigangatho ebalulekileyo. Imfundo yabaqalayo iya kunyanzeliswa. Imfundo ngezobugcisa kunye nokufundela umsebenzi kuya kwenziwa ukuba kufumaneke kanti imfundo ephakamileyo nayo iya kwenziwa ukuba ifumaneke ngokulinganayo kuluntu lonke njengesiseko sempumelelo.
- Imfundo iza kujoliswa ngqo kwinkqubela phambili epheleleyo yoluntu nokomelezwa kwentlonipho yamalungelo oluntu nokubaluleka kwenkululeko. Iza kuxhasa imvisiswano, ukunyamezelana nobuhlobo phakathi kwezizwe, ubuzwe, namaqela eenkolo eyakuthi iphuhlise umsebenzi wamazwe jikelele ukuze kugcinwe uxolo.
- Abazali banelungelo elibalulekileyo lokukhetha uhlobo lwemfundo eyakuthi ifundiswe abantwana babo.
Inqaku la-27
- Wonke umntu unelungelo lokuthabatha inxaxheba ngokukhululekileyo kwinkqubela yelizwe lakhe, onwabele inkcubeko kunye nesabelo senkqubela phambili yenzululwazi kunye noncedo lwezo zinto.
- Wonke umntu unelungelo lokhuseleko, lwempatho kunye nezo zinto athi azithande ezithi zibe ziziphumo zezayo nayiphina inkqubela, ubuchule bokufunda nokubhala okanye ubugcisa bemveliso yombhali.
Inqaku la-28
Wonke umntu unelungelo lentlalo yoluntu kunye neyezizwe-jikelele apho amalungelo nenkuleleko alenkcazo-jikelele athi amkeleke khona.
Inqaku la-29
- Wonke umntu kufuneka asebenzele uluntu aphila phakathi kwalo, apho inkululeko nenkqubela-phambili epheleleyo neyamkelekileyo yoluntu ithi ifumaneke khona.
- Ekusebenziseni amalungelo nenkululeko, wonke umntu uya kuba phantsi kwempembelelo ezimiselwe ngumthetho ngezizathu zokuqinisekisa ulwamkeleko ngentlonipho yamalungelo nenkululeko yabanye, ukuhlanganiswa kweemfuneko yokuziphatha kakuhle, esidlangaleni nentlalo-ntle ngokolawulo lwedemokrasi.
- La malungelo neenkululeko zoluntu mawangasetyenziswa ngendlela ephikisana neenjongo nemithetho yamazwe abumbeneyo.
Inqaku la-30
Le nkcazo-jikelele mayingatolikwa ngenjongo yokuba imele ezobuRhulumente, iqela okanye umntu owenza isithembiso okanye osenzo sineenjongo ezingatshabalalisa nokuba ngowuphi na umqathango wamalungelo kunye neenkululeko zoluntu ekuthethwa ngazo apha.


text:
IsiNgesi
isiNgesi lulwimi lwaseNtshona-Jamani olwathethwa okokuqala yiAnglo-Saxon eNgilani ngeminyaka yokuqala yeMiddle Ages. Sithetha nje lelona lwimi lusetyenziswa kakhulu kwihlabathi jikelele. [1]
Luthethwa kumazwe ngamazwe ehlabathi lonke jikelele. Lulwimi lokuqala lwaseUnited Kingdom, eUnited States, eCanada, eAustralia, eIreland, eNew Zealand namazwe amaninzi eCaribbean. Bamalunga na-375 ezigidi abantu abasithetha isingesi nje ngolwimi lweenkobe (abantu abantetho yabo isisiNgesi),[2] nto leyo esibeka kwindawo yesibini isiNgesi njengolona lwimi luthethwayo kwihlabathi. Bamalunga nama-220 ezigidi zabanye abantu abasithetha njengolwimi olongezelelwa kwiilwimi zabo zeenkobe, kwaye kusekho izigidi-gidi zabantu abasafunda ukusithetha.
Sitshintshile ke isiNgesi, kunjalo nje besisoloko sitshintshwa ngenxa yefuthe lezinye iilwimi. [3] Kuba phantse ama-60% entetho isuka kwisiLatini, maxa wambi isiNgesi sithathwa ngokuba lolona lwimi lunesiLatini kwiilwimi zesiJa 47F mani. [4]
Imbali[tshintsha | Yenza izilungiso kokubhaliweyo]
IsiNgesi saaqala eNgilane. Iintlanga zamaJamani (amaSaxons, amaAngles, kunye namaJutes) eeza eBritane malunga phaya ngoo-449 AD. Bafika mazenzela ikhaya emzantsi nasempuma yesi siqithi, bethyalela ngaphandle amaBritane aluhlobo lwamaCeltic ababefike kuqala kunabo, babenza ukuba bathethe ulwimi lwesingesi endaweni yolwimi lwabo lwakudala ulwimi lwesiCeltic.
Unanamhla oku zisekho iilwimi zesiCeltic ezisathethwayo, ingakumbi eWales, apho isiWelsh ilulwimi lokuqala kwinxalenye yabantu abahlala kumaphandle. Inani labantetho isisiGaelic eScotland lincinane, kwaye phantse bonke bakwinaseziqithini. Ulwimi olubizwa ngokuba s"iScots" lona lululwimi oluyinzalelwane yesiNgesi. isiGaelic eIreland nase[Isle of Man]] sithethwa ngabantu abambalwa kakhulu.
Iilwimi ezizalana nesiJamani zezi ntlanga zaba sisiNgesi samandul. Igama elithi English lisuka kwigama likaAngles: uEnglas. IsiNgesi sakudala asivakali njengesiNgesi esisithethayo ngoku. Ukuba abantu abantetho isisiNgesi ngoku bangamamela okanye bafunde umhlathi obhalwe ngesiNgesi sakudala, ambalwa kakhulu amagama abangawaqonda ukuba athetha ukuthini.
Olona lwimi lusondele esiNgesini esisesasetyenziswayo namhlanje sisiFrisian, sithethwa ngabantu abangama-500,000 nabahlala eNetherlands, eGermany naseDenmark. Ngaphezu kokuba olu lwimi lubufana nesiNgesi, abantu abathetha ezi lwimi zimbini abavani kakuhle into abayithethayo. Kodwa nangona kunjalo, abantu abambalwa bathi olona lwimi lusondeleyo esiNgesini lulwimi lwesiDatshi.
Abanye abantu abaninzi beeza eNgilane kamva ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo, bethetha iilwimi ezahlukeneyo, kwaye ezi lwimi zathi zongeza amanye amagama amaninzi kwatsho kwadaleka esi siNgesi sithethwayo kungoku nje.
Nanku umzekelo, kwiminyaka yoo800 AD, amaDanish namaNorse kunye namapirates, nababizwa ngamaVikings, beza kweli lizwe saza isiNgesi samkela amagama emboleko amaNorse amaninzi. Iilwimi zabo zazizezamaJamani, njengesiNgesi samaNdulo.
Emva koloyiso lukaWilliam wayithabathela kuye iNgilane ngo1066 AD kunye nomlhosi wakhe waza wabayikumkani, weza nabantu bakhe abahloniphekileyo, ababentetho yabo isisiNorman, ulwimi olwaluzalana kakhulu nesiFrentshi, ukuba lubekho kurhulumente omtsha. Baasivala isiNgesi ixesha elide ukuba sifundiswe ezikolweni, lwaza ulwimi lwatshintsha kakhulu, kuba sasithethwa ubukhulu becala endaweni yokokuba sibhalwe, isithuba esingangeminyaka engama-300. IsiNgesi saaboleka amagama amaninzi kwisiNorman ngexesha esasinokubizwa ngokuba lulwimi olwahlukileyo, iMiddle English. U-Geoffrey Chaucer ngumbhali owaziwayo wesiNgesi ekuthiwa yiMiddle English. Emva kwezandi ezininzi ezathi zatshintsha, isiNgesi iMiddle English sabasisiNgesi esiphuculweyo. Nangona umsebenzi kaShakespeare ungabonakala umdala kakhulu, kodwa ibizwa ngokuba iphucukile.
Saaqhubela phambili isiNgesi ngokuthatha amagama amatsha kwezinye iilwimi, umzekelo, ingakumbi kwisiFrentshi (malunga nama-30% ukuya kuma-40% amagama aso), kodwa nakwisiTshyayina, isiHindi nesiUrdu, isiJapanese, isiSpanishi kunye nesiPhuthukezi. Kwathi kuba iingcali ezininzi ezazisuka kumazwe ahlukeneyo kwakufuneka zincokole zikwazi ukuthetha omnye komnye, baachonga amagama ezinto ayakuthi asetyenziswe kwezophando kwaye loo magama achongwa kwiilwimi ababezazi bebonke: isiGrike kunye nesiLatini. Laa magama eza nasesiNgesini kananjalo, umzekelo, umfanekiso ofotiweyo ("ifoto-" ithetha "ukukhanya" "kwaye "-igrafu" ithetha "umfanekiso" okanye "umbhalo", kwisiGrike. Umfanekiso ofotiweto ngumfanekiso owenziwe ngokusebenzisa ukukhanya), okanye ifowuni. Lilonke ke, isiNgesi senziwe ngesiNgesi samaNdulo (esizalana kakhulu nesiJamani kunye ne|siDatshi), isiNorse, kunye nesiFrench, kwaye sitshintshwe nasisiLatini, isiGrike, isiTshayina, isiHindi, isiJaphane, kunye nesiPanishi, namanye amagama amaninzi avela kwezinye iilwimi.
Imbali yobuKumkani baseBritane bufake isandla ekwandeni kolwimi lwesiNgesi. Kunamhlanje nje, isingesi lolona lwimi lubaluleke kakhulu kwiindawo ezininzi, ezifana neAustreliya, iKhanada, iHong Kong, kwRhiphabhlikhi yaseIndia nasePakistan, eMzantsi Afrika, nakwizizwe ezimanyeneyo zaseMelika, Isingesi lolona lwimi. Kuba ubuKumkani bezizwe eziManyeneyo (ilizwe apho iNgilane ikhoyo) kunye nezizwe zaseMelika ezimanyeneyo zibe zizizwe ngokwembali ebezisoloko zinamandla ekwenzeni imali naseburhulumenteni, abantu abaninzi babona iluncedo ukufunda isiNgesi ukuze bakwazi ukuthetha kumaziko ezophando, ezoshishino, nakwezozakuzelwano. Esi sifundo ke kuthiwa IsiNgesi njengolwimi olongezelelweyo, isiNgesi ngengolwimi lwesiBini (ESL) okanye isiNgesi njengolwimi oluvela ngaphandle (EFL).
Amabali nemidlalo edumileyo neyaziwa kakhulu. uShakespeare waye engumbhali wemibongo nemidlalo yeqonga yesiNgesi edume kakhulu. Sithetha nje, iingoma kunye nemovie (imiboniso yeefilim)zonke zisebenzisa ulwimi lwesiNgesi.
Umahluko kupelo lwamagama[tshintsha | Yenza izilungiso kokubhaliweyo]
IsiNgesi sisebenzisa upelo magama olungaqhelekanga xa sibhalwa. Izandi zoonobumba kunye nendibaniselwano yazo ibonakala ngathi iyafana kodwa yahluke kakhulu. Nanku umzekelo igama elithi "ough" lahlukile kwelithi through (threw), rough (ruff), dough (doe) okanye cough (coff). Le nto ke yenza okokuba ibe lulwimi olunzima kakhulu ukuba lufundwe.[5] Kumazwe amaninzi abantu abantetho isisiNgesi bawapela ngokwahlukileyo amagama. Kukho umahluko phakathi kopelo-magama lwaseMelika kwelinye icala naseUnited Kingdom kwaye amanye amazwe amaninzi (afana nalawo akwingqungquthela yaseBritane) apho isiNgesi ilolona lwimi lusetyenziswayo kwelinye icala. Ezi ndlela zokupela zahlukeneyo ngamanye amaxesha kuthiwa s"isiNgesi saseMelika ne "siNgesi saseBritane". Umzekelo igama elithi "colour" lipelwa ngolu hlobo "color" eMelika, negama elithi "programme" lipelwa ngolu hlobo "program" eMelika. Negama elithi "spelled" lipelwa ngenye indlela kwisiNgesi saseBritane, apho lipelwa njengo "spelt". Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokusasazwa kwendlela ekwenziwa ngayo izinto, usasazo (okanye olunwenwela kwihlabathi jikelele), nasekunwenweni kwamasiko aseMelika ngomabonakude nangeenkqubo zeekhompyutha zaseMelika, abanye abemi baseBritane basebenzisa amagama esiNgesi aseMelika.
Intetho[tshintsha | Yenza izilungiso kokubhaliweyo]
Phantse ngama-60% entetho yolwimi lwesiNgesi ivela kwisiLatini nakwiilimi zeNeo-Latin (ingakumbi kwisiFrentshi):
- Langue d'oïl (isiFrentshi): 29.3%
- isiLatini, siquka isiLatini esiphuculweyo sanamhlanje nekusesophando nobuchwepheshe: 28.7%
- iilwimi zesiJamani – zithathwe kwisiNgesi samaNdulo, esisuka kwisiJamani samandulo, okanye kumagama asandakubolekwa kulwimi lwesiJamani olufana nelweNorse yamandulo; aluquki magama esiJamani abolekwe kulwimi lwesiRoma, i.e., avela kulwimilwesiJamani in Frentshi, isiLatini okanye ezinye iilwimi zesiroma: ezingama-24%
- isiGrike: ama-5.32%
- isiTaliyani, isiPanishi kunye nesiPhuthukezi: 4.03%
- Ulwimi olusuka kumagama abantu nawezinto zendalo: 3.28%
- Olusuka kuzo zonke ezinye iilwimi: zingaphantsi kwe-1%
Nangona kunjalo, kwawona magama akhe axhaphaka, awesiJamani ngawona alinani eliphezulu.
- ↑ Mydans, Seth (14 May 2007) "Across cultures, English is the word" New York Times. Retrieved 21 September 2011
- ↑ Curtis, Andy. Color, race, and English language teaching: shades of meaning. 2006, page 192.
- ↑ Baugh, Albert C. & Cable, Thomas 2012. A history of the English language. 6th ed, London: Routledge. ISBN 0-41-565596-X
- ↑ Comparison between English, German and Dutch (in Italian)
- ↑ Smith, Bridie 2009 "It's offishal - English iz darned hard to learn" (in English) The Age


text:
Study & Master Incindi Yolwimi LwesiXhosa Ifayile Katitshala Ibanga le-10
Home Language
Paperback
Jan 1 2011
By
Jacqueline Nondumiso Mdekazi and Tommy Ndzima Kabanyane
This product is not available.
I-Study & Master Incindi Yolwimi LwesiXhosa ibhalwe liqela lababhali abanamava ukuqinisekisa umoya. Imithetho-siseko nomxholo wenkcazelo yePolisi kaZwelonke yeKharikhyulamu nokuHlola (CAPS) ezitolikiweyo kwaye ezikhoyo kwincwadi yomfundi nakwisikhokelo sikatitshala. Isikhokelo Sikatitshala * Isikhokelo Sikatitshala esibanzi nesinezinto ezintsha. * Kule sikhokelo kufakwe iNkcazelo yePolisi kaZwelonke yeKharikhyulamu nokuHlola yamaBanga 10-12. * Kunikwe iingcebiso zokufundisa umsebenzi ngamnye okwincwadi yomfundi. * Yonke imibuzo ebuzwe kwincwadi yomfundi iphendulwe kule sikhokelo. * Le sikhokelo sikwaqulathe nezakhono nolwazi ekufuneka zifundisiwe kweli banga. * Kukho noluhlu lwezixhobo onokuzisebenzisa xa ufundisa. * Isigama esifakwe kule sikhokelo seso sikwiPolisi.
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Product Details
- Format
- Paperback
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press
- Publication date
- Jan 1 2011
- Language
- Xhosa
- Pages
- 194
- ISBN-13
- 9781107603387
- ISBN-10
- 1107603382
- Weight
- 670g
- Dimensions
- 210.0mm x 297.0mm


text:
UbuKumkani bamaBritane
UbuKumkani bamaBritane babungamandla amakhulu. Buneengingqi eziphantsi kolwawulo lobuKumkani obumanyeneyo. Obu buKumkani bobona bakhe babukhulu ezimbalini.
Kwincakami yayo, ilawula umhlaba obukhulu bungama-23%. Bangaphezulu kwezigidi ezingama-458 abantu abathi babekwa phantsi kolawulo lobuKumkani baseBritane. Obu buKumkani babusaziwa ngokokuba bobona bukumkani bobukoloni bakhe babukhulu ezimbalini. (abanye abantu bacinga okokuba ubuKumkani bamaMongol bobona bukhulu. Namhlanje, uninzi lwamalungu abo akwikwiBhunga lezizwe zonke. Eyona ndawo eyayisaziwa kakhulu kubuKumkani bamaBritane yinkampani ekuthiwa yi-British East India Company iNkampani yorhwebelwano lwaseEast India]]. Le nkampani yaqala njengeshishini elincinane njengokuba sele siyibona inkulu kangaka nje namhlanje, kunjalo nje abantu abaninzi baxhomekeke kuyo. Ngelo xesha iBritane yayisesona sizwe sakhe sanamandla kwihlabathi lonke jikelele.
I-Ngilane yaza yaqalisa eyayo indlela eya kubukumkani behlabathi. Kwinkulungwane ye-17 yeminyaka, yaqala ukwenza amazwe ase-Mntla-Melika amakoloni kunye ne-India. Oku kwakhokelela kudushe apho yoyiswa khona i-Netherlands ne-France eyayikhuphisana nazo emva kokuba koyiswe i-Spain. Emva kwemfazwe yamaNgesi namaDatshi nasemva kwemiNyaka yeMfazwe esiXhenxe, I-Britane yawathabathela kuyo phantse onke amazwe amabini, iDatshi neFrance iwathabathela kwihlabathi elitsha naseAsia. Nangona amazwe awathathwa ngobukoloni baseMelika athi afumana inkululeko ngo-1776, akuzange kubonakalise futhe kubuKumkani. Ngo-1919, emva koloyiso lweBritane kwiMfazwe yokuQala kwiHlabathi, yafika kanye kwixesha layo lempumelelo. Abantu ababekho kwinkulungwane ye-19 bathi "UbuKumkani bamaBritane abutshonelwa langa kodwa emva kweMfazwe yesibini kwiHlabathi, bawa ubuKumkani bamaBritane.
UbukumKani baseBritane babubonwa ngamanye amazwe nje ngobukumakani obungumzekelo, ingakumbi amaJamani awaziwayo. I-Jamani yona yasuka yathi gqolo ngomkhwa wokuqhwaya imfazwe e-Yurophu. Esinye sezizathu zoko yayikukufuna ubukumkani obufana nobaseBritane.
Emva kweMfazwe yesibini kwiHlabathi, yaqala iBritane yabuyisela amazwe eyayiwathimbile kubaniniwo, kwathiwa ke oko bubukoloni. I-Britane yagqiba kwelokokuba ibuyisele laa mazwe kuba iMfazwe yesibini kwihlabathi yayishiya ingentanto, ihluphekile. Kananjalo, abantu abaninzi ababephantsi kolawulo lobuKumkani babeqhankqalazela ukuwalawula ngokwabo amazwe abo.
Enye yeendawo zokugqibela kubuKumkani bamaBritane kwabayiHong-Kong. I-Hong Kong yaabuyiselwa e-China ngo-1997. I-Britane yasigcina isikhundla sayo nje'ngeNgangalala' ngo-1982 ngeMfazwe yaseFalklands, imfazwe eyayiphakathi kwayo ne-Argentina bebanga isiqithi sase-Falkland.
Zilishumi elinesine iindawo ezimi ngaphandle kweziqithi zase-Britane nezisephantsi kotshutshiso lwase Britane. Ngo-2002 ezi ndawo zili-14 zabizwa ngokuba ziziphaluka zaseBritane eziphesheya kweelwandle.


text:
Ulwandle olumnyama
Ulwandle olumnyama lulwandle oluse-Eurasia phakathi kweYurophu, iCaucasus, kunye neAnatolia. Imilambo emikhulu emininzi iqhagamshelana nolwandle olumnyama, enje ngemilambo Don, iDanube, kunye neDnieper.
Luqhakamshelana kulwandle iAtlantic ngolwandle imediternean, ulwandle iAegean, nakwimizila yamanzi emininzi. I90% yonke yolwandle ayinaOksijin. Amanzi ngaman'anetyuwa kodwa ubutyuwa bawo bunganeno kunobo bolwandle. Kwiminyaka yokuphungulwa kobushushu emhlabeni -ice age, ulwandle olumnyama lwalusisidibi samanzi ahlaziyekileyo.
Imbali[tshintsha | edit source]
Kwiintsomi zesiGrike, iiArgonaut zikhenketha elwandle. AmaGrike abeka amakoloni ukuze ajikeleze ulwandle kuba kwakubalulekile ukuthengiselana namazwe amaninzi kwimbali k 1000 wiimbali zakudala. iphulo leGallipoli ngemfazwe yoku-1 yayikukulwela ukungena kuLwandle olumNyama. Lwalubalulekile kwiMfazwe yesi-11 kwiHlabathi.


text:
IJamani
IJamani lelinye lamazwe aseYurophu.
i-Jamani ngokwasesikweni lilizwe leengqokolela zamaphondo eRiphabhlikhi azilawula phantsi kwekomkhulu iJamani (IsiJamani: Bundesrepublik Deutschland, libizwa ngolu hlobo ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant), yipalamente yeriphabhlikhi ezimeleyo kumbindi-ntshona waseYurophu. eli "lizwe" linamazwana ali-16 ize ikomkhulu lalo nesona sixeko sikhulu ibe yi-Berlin. I-Jamani ithathe umhlaba ongangama-357,021 eekhilomitha (137,847 sq mi) kwaye imozulu itshintsha qho. Linabahlali abazizigidi ezingama-80.6, nto leyo yenza okokuba libe lelona lizwe laziwayo kwiManyano yaseYurophu. I-Jamani yongamele ngamandla kwezoqoqosho nakwezopolitiko lwelizwekazi laseYurophu kwaye yinkokheli kwezembali kumasiko amanizni, ulwazi, nakwimiba yobuchwepheshe.
Intlanga-ngeentlanga zamaJamani zizinze kwindawo kungoku nje ebizwa ngokuba yiJamani esemaNtla kunye nomzantsi Scandinavia ukususela kwiminyaka yakudala-dala. Ingingqi ekuthiwa yi-Jamaniya yaashicilelwa ngamaRoma phambi ko-AD 100. Ngexesha lokuFuduka elathi langqamana ukuphela kobuKumkani bamaRomanokuphela kobuKumkani bamaRoma]], iintlanga zamaJamani zathi zanda ngakumazantsi de azifumanela izikumkani kwiindawo ezininzi eYurophu. Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-10, iingingqi zaseJamani zenza iziko lobukumkani bamaRoma aNgcwele. [16] Ngenkulungwane ye-16, iingqi zasentshona Jamani zaba l[[iziko labaqhankqalazela ukwakhiwa ngokutsha kobuKristu. Uzinzo kwiminyaka yeeMfazwe zikaNapoleon, ukuvela kwe-''Pan-Germanism'' ngaphakathi kuManyano lwamaJamani kwaba ngunozala womanyano lwamazwe amaninzi aseJamani kubuKumkani bamaJamani ngo-1871, phantsi kolawulo lwase-Prussia.
Emva koVukelo-mBuso lwaseJamani ngo-1918–1919 nangokunikezela komkhosi okwakulandelelana kwiMfazwe yoku-1 yeHlabathi, ubuKumkani basuswa kwafakwa ipalamente yeriphabhlikhi kaWeimer ngo-1918 yaza yalahlekelwa yinxalenye yeengingqi zayo kwisivumelwano soxolelwaniso saseVersailles. Nangona ngeli xesha yayitshila phambili kwimibandela yophando nakweyamasiko, iJamani yathi yathwaxwa kanobom kukugungqa kwezoqoqosho nakwezopolitiko kwathi kona ngexesha lembandezelo eNkulu kwanga kuthelwe ityuwa enxebeni. Ukufumaneka kwesiZwe sesiThathu okanye koburhulumente baseNazi]] ngo-1933 ekugqibeleni kwakhokelela kwiMfazwe yesi-2 yeHlabathi nakwi''Holocaust''. emva ko-1945, iJamani yahlulwa-hlulwa yaza yahlalwa zizizwe zeMvisiswano kumazwe amabini, Kwimpuma-Jamani nakwiNtshona-Jamani. Ngo-1990, ilizwe laphinda lamanyana.
I-Jamani ililizwe lesi-ne ngoqoqosho oluphezulu ngokwe-nominal GDP kwihlabathi lonke liphela ize iphinde ibelilizwe lesihlanu elinamandla okuthenga athe chatha. Njengentshali yehlabathi kwiinkampani zemveliso nezeteknoloji]] lilizwe lesibini ubukhulu ekuthumeleni iimpahla kwamanye amazwe iphinde ibe lelesithathu ubukhulu ilizwe elirhweba impahla kwamanye amazwe lize nayo ekhaya. Lilizwe eliphuhlileyo kunjalo umgangatho wentlalo yakhona uxhomile, uneempawu zokhuseleko lwentalo oluluqilima olubandakanya inkqubo ejongene nezempilo nekuyinkqubo yakudala yehlabathi lonke jikelele. Laziwa ngokutyeba kwezamasiko nakwezembali yezopolitiko, iJamani ibisakuba likhaya leengcali ezinefuthe, abadidiyeli beengoma, abaphandi, kunye nabayili. I-Jamani yayililungu labaphandi ekuhlaleni kwaseYurophu ngo- 1000 1957, apho yaba yi-EU ngo-1993. Ikwayinxalenye yengingqi [iSchengen|yaseSchengen]], kwaye ibe ililungu le-eurozone ukususela ngo-1999. I-Jamani ingamandla amakhulu, ikwalilungu leziZwe eziManyeneyo, le-NATO, le-G8, le-G20, e-OECD kunye nososiba waseYurophu.
Imfundo ngemvelaphi yamagama nokutshintsha-tshintsha kwentsingiselo ywo ngokuhamba kweminyaka[tshintsha | edit source]
Igama elibhalwe ngesiNgesi elithi Germany lisuka kwigama lesiLatini elithi Germania, gama elo elaqala ukusetyenziswa emva kokuba uJulius Ceasar wathi waliphakamisela abantu basempuma yeRhine.[17] Eyona icacileyo, yoyokokuba ngu-Gauls owaqalayo ukubiza abantu ukuba bawele impuma yeRhine Germani (neyathi yasetyenziswa ngamaRoma) njengoko uhlanga lwemveli lwamaJamani lwalungazibizi ngamaGermanus okanye amaGermani. Ngoko ke eli gama lasetyenziswa kuphela kumhlaba wamaRoma kwaye lanika intsingiselo ethe chatha kubantu ababeyixhasa impuma yeRhine kunye/okanye umntla weDanube. [18] Igama lesiJamani elithi Deutschland (ngokwemveli diutisciu land, "umhlaba wamaDatshi") lisuka kwisiDatshi, isizukulwana esisuka kuluntu lwamaDatshi akudala olwaziwayo(i.e. bengamaDiot okanye "amaDiota"), lisetyenziselwa ukwahlula ulwimi lwabantu nje kwisilatini nakwisizukulwana samaRoma. Kwakhona kusukwa kuluntu lwama-Proto-Germanic *þiudiskaz (jonga nakwindlela yesiLatini i-Theodiscus), isuka kuhlanga lwamaYurophu olungama-Proto-Indo, abantetho isisiProto-Indo-European.
Imbali[tshintsha | edit source]
Elona phepha: Imbali yaseJamani
Iintlanga zaseJamani nezasebukumkanini bamaFranki[tshintsha | edit source]
Awona maphepha: Ixesha lokufuduka kwamaJamaniya Kwinkulungwane yesibini - kweyesihlanu kufudukwa eYurophu
I-Jamani yathi yabaluleka yaziwa ngokokuba bubuKukumkani babaRoma aNgcwele kwisiZwe samaJamani, yaba ke 'isisizwe' sokuqala, igama elithi 'isizwe' sihlandlo lithetha 'ubuKumkani'. Laqalwa ngumfo ka-Charlemagne nowaba yiKumkani yokuqala yamaRoma aNgcwele kwiminyaka engama-800 yandulukayo iNkosi (800 AD), lagcinwa ke de kwayiminyaka engama-1806, elo ke lixesha leeMfazwe zikaNapoliyoni.
UbuKumkani besibini baqala ngesivumelwano soxolo esasingo-1871 e-Versailles.[13] elona lizwe likhulu kubuKumkani bamaJamani obutsha kwaba yi-Prussia. IiKumkani zasePrussia nazo zazikwaz"iziKumkani zamaJamani", kodwa ke zona zazingazibizi ngee"Kumkani zas"eJamani". Babubuninzi obunye ubukumkani, obamaDyoki, nobamaRhiphabhliki, bungekho se-Austria. IJamani yabubamba ubukumkani kwade kwayiminyaka engaphaya kwama-50.
Isivumelwano somanyano senziwa emva kokuba iJamani iphumelele kwiMfazwe eyayiphakathi kwe-Fransi ne-Prussia ngo-1871. KwiMfazwe yokuQala kwiHlabathi, iJamani yajoyina i-Austriya-ne-Hungari, nazo zathi makuliwe ne-France.[13] Imfazwe yayihamba okonyawo lonwabu ngakwicala lasentshona kunjalo nje uqhutywa ngokwembiwa kwemisele ukuze oyele khona amaqela ekwakusiliwa nawo, amajoni ayezikhusela ngokumba imingxuma apha emhlabeni. Abamaninzi amadoda awawayo macala omabini. Empuma amajoni ayesilwa amadabi awo namaRussia aza amaJamani aluphumelela elo dabi lwasemntla emva kokuba amaRussia enikezele. Imfazwe yaphela ngo-918 kuba iJamani yayingenakuyiphumelela imfazwe entshona ngoko ke yayingafuni ukusoloko ithumela amajoni ayo ukuba aye kufa, baza ke ubuKumkani baseJamani banikezela ngamandla abo. [13] IJamani yabanemiqathango eqatha ngakumbi, yaza ke ngoko iFransi yayithabathela kuyo i-Alsace iyixutha kwi-Jamani. Emva koqhankqalazo novukelo, ubuKumkani besibini baphela kwabe sele kuqalisa iRhiphabhlikhi yorhulumente wesininzi yase-Weimar.
Emva kweMfazwe, zabaninzi iingxaki zemali eJamani ngenxa yesivumelwano soxolelwaniso lwase-Versailles (xolelwaniso olo olwenza okokuba iJamani ihlawule iindleko zeMfazwe yokuQala kwiHlabathi) kunye nesoxinzelelo olukhulu lweHlabathi.
Obesithathu ubuKumkani yaba bobombutho waseJamani iNazi; owathatha iminyaka eli-12, ukusukela ngomyaka ka-1933 ukuya kumnyaka ka-1945.[15] Baqala emva kokuba uHitler wathi wabekwa njengentloko kaRhulumente. Ngomhla wama-23 kuMatshi ngo-1933, ipalamente (eyayibizwa ngokuba yi-Reichstag) yamisa umthetho ekwakusithiwa yi-Enabling Act, yile mithetho eyenza okokuba urhulumente kaHitler enze imithetho yayo ngokwayo ngaphandle kkokonganyelwa yi-Reichstag. Oku kwamenza okokuba abenegunya lolawulo lolupheleleyo lwalo rhulumente. [16]singatsho ngokupheleleyo okokuba uHitler wabanguzwilakhe kulawulo lwakhe.
UHitler wafuna ukuwamanya onke amazwe aseJamani abesisizwe esinye, wakwenza oku kuzo zonke iindawo ezihlala amaJamani, ezifana ne-Austria kunye ne-Czechoslovakia, enye yeendawo zeRhipublikhi zase Jamani; kwakhona nanko uUHitler efuna umhlaba wasePoland Poland, umhlaba owawukhe waphantsi kolawulo lwaseJamani phambi ko-1918. Yala i-Poland ukuwuuyisela kuye umhlaba. Ukuhlaselwa kwePoland kwaqala kwimfazwe yesBini eyaba ngomhla woku-1 kweyoMsintsi ngowe-1939. Ukuqala kweMfazwe, Yayibonakalisa impumelelo iJamani. Yakwazi ukuthabathela kuyo uninzi lomhlaba osemantla nasentshona Yurophu. Kodwa ke, iJaamani yathi yahlasela ibhunga elimanyeneyo laseSoviet ngo-1941 kwaza, emva kwedabi laseKursk, iwela ekumntla Jamani laqala lachul'ukunyathela de kwaba iya esiphelweni imfazwe. Ngomhla we-8 kuCanzib 1000 e ngo-1945,iJamani yanikezela emva kokuba iBerlin yathi yafunyanwa, kwiveki engambi koko uHitler wazibulala. ngenxa yeMfazwe, iJamani yaphulukana noninzi lomhlaba wayo osempuma kumgca omdala oseNeiße, waza wathi kwiminyaka engama-45, iJamani yahlukana kubini kwabakho iJamani eseNtshona neJamani eseMpuma.
Ngo-1999 kwabakho inkqubo yokwenziwa ngokutsha kumntla Jamani, neyathi yakhokhelela ekubeni kuvulwe indawo eyayibizwa ngokuba luDonga lwaseBerlin nasekupheleni komthetho wentlalo eJamani. Ezi ziganeko zaziwa ngokokuba lutshintsho olukhawulezileyo lwe Wende okanye iFriedliche (utshintsho olungoxolo)eJamani. Emva koko, umNtla-Jamani waamanyana neNtshona Jamani ngo-[17] Ijamani entsha yinxalenye yombutho waseYurophu.
- REDIRECT eJamani


text:
Enkosi ngoncedo lwakho.
Isicelo sisebenza kakuhle. Isiseko sikulungile.
isishwankathelo
Iimbonakalo
Ukubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo
Iinkcukacha ezithe xaxe
Iimveliso enxulumene
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Ukubuyisela kwakhona # 1
izinga
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Ukufumana kwakhona ngaphezulu kwabaKhuphiswano bethu
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Umyinge weRhafu yokuBuyisa
Funda ngakumbi malunga nendlela DataNumen Access Repair utshaya ukhuphiswano
Ubungqina babathengi bethu
DataNumen Access Repair
Enkosi ngoncedo lwakho.
UMarcin K
e-automatyk
ul. ULeśna 17C, 62-006 iGruszczyn
Ngomhla wamashumi amathathu kuDisemba, ngo-23
DataNumen Access Repair
enkosi. Imveliso isebenze kakuhle.
U-Anthony Latos
ECalifonia, eUSA
DataNumen Access Repair
Ngapha koko ndisifumene isisombululo sakho kwimizuzu eli-10 yokuqala!
Ngapha koko nangona ekuqaleni bendicinga ukuba le yimali eninzi yokuchitha kwinkqubo encinci,
Ngapha koko ndisifumene isisombululo sakho kwimizuzu eli-10 yokuqala!
Ngapha koko nangona ekuqaleni bendicinga ukuba le yimali eninzi yokuchitha kwinkqubo encinci, DataNumen Access Repair siyifumene isiseko sedatha ke ngoku ndonwabile;)
UJames Murphy
Nantoni na ekwi-Intanethi
DataNumen Access Repair
Wow software yakho yabafana iyamangalisa ndikhuphele isoftware yesilingo kwaye ikwazile ukundibonisa zonke iitafile endinazo ngqo. Le sofware
Wow software yakho yabafana iyamangalisa ndikhuphele ngaphandle isoftware yesilingo kwaye ikwazile ukundibonisa zonke iitafile endinazo ngqo. Le sofware yamatye kwaye yandinceda kakhulu.
Inja eruff
DataNumen Access Repair
Enkosi ngokubuyela kum. Oko ndathenga isoftware kwaye ndafumana ikhonkco lokukhuphela isoftware kwangoko. Ndiyifakile kwaye iyasebenza
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Imibulelo emininzi
Kevin O'Leary
IFETAC
Dublin, Ireland
DataNumen Access Repair
Ndigcine iBacon yam! Enkosi!
UBrian
IAtlanta, iGeorgia, eMelika
DataNumen Access Repair
DataNumen Access Repair ifumana kwakhona idatha eninzi kunayo nayiphi na enye imveliso endiyisebenzisileyo. Indincede ndagcina uninzi lweedatha ezonakalisiweyo. ndinguye
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UMargaret Messick
Costume Izixhobo zoLuhlu
I-Davis, CA, e-USA
Juni 16, 2015
DataNumen Access Repair
Isixhobo sakho sesona silungileyo ndakwazi ukulungisa ifayile yokufikelela eyunivesithi ukuze isetyenziselwe umntu kwaye ndiyabonga
Umphathi wenethiwekhi kaRichard Fixsa
ISanto Domingo, kwiRiphabhlikhi yaseDominican
Ngomhla wamashumi amathathu kuDisemba, ngo-30
Unxibelelwano olulula kakhulu
Isisombululo sokulandela iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo ngenxa Ukufikelela kwiDatabase Urhwaphilizo
- Ifomathi yedatha engaziwayo
- Isiseko sedatha 'filename.mdb' kufuneka silungiswe okanye ayisiyo fayile yedatha.
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- Inkxaso yokulungisa ibhetshi yokufikelela kwi-mdb kunye neefayile ze-accdb.
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usebenzisa DataNumen Access Repair Ukufumana kwakhona iiDatha zokuFikelela kuRhwaphilizo
Xa ugcino lwedatha yakho yeMicrosoft Access (.mdb okanye .accdb iifayile) zonakele okanye zonakele kwaye awukwazi ukuzivula ngokwesiqhelo, ungasebenzisa DataNumen Access Repair ukuskena iifayile kunye nokufumana kwakhona idatha kubo kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
Start DataNumen Access Repair.
Qaphela: Ngaphambi kokufumana kwakhona nayiphi na ifayile eyonakeleyo okanye eyonakeleyo yokufikelela kwi-mdb / accdb nge DataNumen Access RepairNceda uvale iMicrosoft Access kunye nezinye iinkqubo ezinokuthi ziguqule ifayile ye-mdb / accdb.
Khetha ifayile yokufikelela eyonakeleyo okanye eyonakeleyo ye-mdb / accdb eza kulungiswa:
Ungafaka igama lefayile ye-mdb / accdb ngqo okanye ucofe i iqhosha lokukhangela kwaye ukhethe ifayile.
Ngokuzenzekela, DataNumen Access Repair izakugcina indawo yogcino lwedatha emiselweyo kwifayile entsha enegama elithi xxxx_fixed.mdb, apho i-xxxx ligama lefayile yomthombo mdb / accdb. Umzekelo, kwifayile eyiDamaged.mdb, igama elingagqibekanga lefayile emiselweyo iya kuba yiDamaged_fixed.mdb. Ukuba ufuna ukusebenzisa elinye igama, nceda ukhethe okanye usete ngokufanelekileyo:
Ungafaka igama lefayile esisigxina ngokuthe ngqo okanye ucofe i iqhosha lokukhangela kwaye ukhethe ifayile esisigxina.
nqakraza i iqhosha, kwaye DataNumen Access Repair Ndiza start ukuskena nokulungisa imvelaphi yefayile ye-mdb / accdb. Inkqubela phambili bar
iya kubonisa inkqubela phambili yokulungisa.
Emva kwenkqubo yokulungisa, ukuba umthombo we-mdb / accdb ungalungiswa ngempumelelo, uya kubona ibhokisi yemiyalezo ngolu hlobo:
Ngoku ungavula indawo emiselweyo ye-mdb / accdb eneMicrosoft Access okanye ezinye iinkqubo.
Iinkcukacha ezithe xaxe
DataNumen Access Repair 3.8 ikhutshwa nge-23 kaFebruwari, 2021
- Inkxaso yolwimi oluninzi kwi-GUI.
- Inkxaso yeSpanish, isiFrentshi, isiJamani, isiTaliyane, isiPhuthukezi, isiRashiya, isiJapan, isiKorea kunye nesiTshayina esenziwe lula.
- Lungisa ezinye iibugs ezincinci.
DataNumen Access Repair 3.3 ikhutshwa nge-10 kaDisemba, 2020
- Jonga ngokuzenzekelayo uhlaziyo lwemveliso.
- Ukuphucula ngokuzenzekelayo kuhlobo lwamva nje.
- Lungisa ezinye iibugs ezincinci.
DataNumen Access Repair 3.1 ikhutshwa nge-31 ka-Okthobha ka-2020
- Ukuphucula izinga lokubuyisela.
- Lungisa ezinye iibugs ezincinci.
DataNumen Access Repair 3.0 ikhutshwa nge-27 kaMeyi ka-2020
- Ukuphucula isantya sokubuyisela.
- Lungisa ezinye iibugs ezincinci.
DataNumen Access Repair 2.9 ikhutshwa nge-18 kaNovemba ngo-2019
- Ukuphucula izinga lokubuyisela.
- Lungisa ezinye iibugs ezincinci.
DataNumen Access Repair 2.8 ikhutshwa nge-5 ka-Agasti ka-2019
- Inkxaso yokufumana kwakhona imibuzo.
- Lungisa ezinye iibugs ezincinci.
DataNumen Access Repair 2.7 ikhutshwa nge-18 ka-Epreli 2019
- Uyile kwakhona injini yokulungisa ibhetshi.
- Inkxaso yokugcina ilog yokulungisa ibhetshi.
- Lungisa ezinye iibugs ezincinci.
DataNumen Access Repair 2.6 ikhutshwa nge-21 kaJanuwari, 2019
- Ukufikelela kwi-2019.
- Lungisa ezinye iibugs ezincinci.
DataNumen Access Repair 2.5 ikhutshwa nge-22 ka-Okthobha ka-2018
- Ukufikelela kwiNkxaso yeOfisi 365.
- Lungisa ezinye iibugs ezincinci.
DataNumen Access Repair 2.3 ikhutshwa nge-11 kaFebruwari, 2018
- Ukufikelela kwi-2016.
- Ukuphucula ukusebenza.
- Lungisa ezinye iibugs ezincinci.
DataNumen Access Repair 2.2 ikhutshwe nge-10 ka-Agasti ka-2013
- Ukuphucula ukuhambelana kwesicelo kunye ne-DAO kunye nokuFikelela.
- Lungisa ezinye iibugs ezincinci.
DataNumen Access Repair 2.1 ikhutshwa ngoMeyi 15, 2009
- Ukuphucula ukuhambelana kwe-GUI kwizisombululo ezahlukeneyo kunye neenkqubo zokusebenza.
- Lungisa ezinye iibugs ezincinci.
DataNumen Access Repair 2.0 ikhutshwa ngoJulayi 16, 2008
- Phinda ubhale isicelo sonke.
- Inkxaso ekufikeleleni koovimba beenkcukacha ngo-2007.
- Inkxaso yeWindows Vista.
- Lungisa ezinye iibhugi.
DataNumen Access Repair 1.2 ikhutshwa nge-19 kaNovemba ka-2006
- Ukuphucula injini yokulungisa.
- Inkxaso yokufumana nokukhetha iifayile ze-MDB eziza kulungiswa kwikhompyuter yendawo, ngokweendlela ezithile zokukhangela.
- Lungisa ezinye iibugs ezincinci.
DataNumen Access Repair 1.1 ikhutshwa nge-20 kaDisemba, 2005
- Inkxaso yokufumana kwakhona indawo ye-autonumber.
- Inkxaso yokufumana kwakhona ii-indexes.
- Inkxaso yokubuyisa ubudlelwane.
DataNumen Access Repair 1.0 ikhutshwa nge-18 kaJuni, 2004
- Inkxaso yokulungisa ukufikelela kwiMicrosoft 95, 97, 2000, XP kunye no-2003.
- Inkxaso yokufumana kwakhona ubume kunye neerekhodi zetheyibhile kulwazi lokufikelela.
- Inkxaso yokufumana kwakhona i-MEMO kunye ne-OLE.
- Inkxaso yokufumana kwakhona iitafile ezisusiweyo kunye neerekhodi kuLwazi lokufikelela
- Inkxaso yokulungisa ukufikelela kwiifayile ze-mdb kwimithombo yeendaba eyonakeleyo, ezinjengeediski zefloppy, Zip Iidiski, iiCDROM, njl.
- Inkxaso yokulungisa ibhetshi yokufikelela kwiifayile ze-mdb.
- Ukudityaniswa kwenkxaso kunye neWindows Explorer, ukuze ukwazi ukulungisa ifayile ye-mdb kunye nemenyu yokuma yeWindows Explorer ngokulula.
- Inkxaso yokudonsa kunye nokwehla komsebenzi.
- Umgca wenkxaso yomyalelo (i-DOS prompt) iiparitha.