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P4.81 Umcimbi wangaphandle weRental yeVidiyo yeVidiyo ye-LED
1) Super slim, ukukhanya super, kulula ukuyiphatha, ukuthutha.
Ubungakanani beKhabhinethi: 500mm * 500mm * 50mm (P3, P4, P5)
Ubunzima beKhabhinethi: 8kg
2) Ukufa i-Aluminium: izinzile kakhulu, akukho deformation.
3) Ukuqaqamba: 1/8 scan, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-5000cd / m2
4) Akukho ngxolo: ngombane ongenamdla, ithule kakhulu.
5) Ukufakwa ngokukhawuleza: yindoda enye kuphela enokufaka iikhabhathi ezili-100 ngesandla ngaphakathi kweyure
6) Inkcazo ephezulu: 43234dots / sqm
Inzuzo nganye
1. Uyilo olugqwesileyo kufuneka kube lula ukuluqonda, imveliso iya kuzithethela, irhoxise isidingo sokucaciswa kweenkcukacha.
2. Ukuthungwa okungagungqiyo: Ngokuyilwa kwesinxibelelanisi esikhethekileyo kulula ukunciphisa izithuba ngelixa ufaka, ukwenza umboniso ogqibeleleyo.
3. Sebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokulwa nokungqubana kwamva nje, wenze ikhabhathi ezinzileyo ngakumbi ngexesha leziganeko zokurenta, wenze ubomi obude.
4.Ibhokisi yolawulo lwealuminium Magnesium aluminium, uziqhelanise nazo zonke iintlobo zemozulu.
5.Ukuyilwa kweArc okwenziwe ngokwezifiso: uyilo lwekhabhathi yomphetho ngokweemfuno zabathengi yenza ukuhlangana kwescreen seArc
6.Udibaniso olungenamthungo: phantsi kwe-0.1 mm umsantsa wokunyamezelana phakathi kwekhabhathi kunye nemodyuli, phantsi kwe-0.2mm umsantsa wokunyamezelana phakathi kweekhabhathi.
7. Inkonzo yangemva yenkxaso, kulula ukuyigcina.
Uqhagamshelo lwedatha ye-8: Ukuhanjiswa kwedatha kubalulekile ekusebenziseni irente. Ngenxa yoku, kukho unxibelelwano lwedatha ebuyiselweyo. Xa kukho nayiphi na ingxaki engalindelekanga, inokudluliselwa kwi-back-up kwangoko.
Ukuhlaziywa kwekhadi lokufumana: amakhadi okufumana e-NOVASTAR A5s EMC-Class B


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Elo libinzana elinokuthi lishwankathele isimilo somlinganiswa omtsha owenziwe nguArturo Pérez-Reverte. Lowo, okanye lowo umphathi wakhe, u-Admiral, uxelela ngobunye ubusuku xa embona enxibe iyunifomu: "Kulungile ukuba ubonakale uhloniphekile amaxesha ngamaxesha, ngotshintsho." Ngaphandle koko, yeyona nto inomtsalane, inhle, isebenza kakuhle kwaye iyingozi. E-Spain ngo-1936, owayesandul 'ukuphakama ngengalo, akukho namnye unjengaye owayekhwela inqanawa yamaKayin ezenze ngathi yinjongo. apho ilizwe laba khona.
Iyathengiswa ukusukela nge-19 ka-Okthobha ophelileyo, Ndiyifumene kwiintsuku ezine ezidlulileyo, nto leyo endithathileyo ndayifunda. Kwaye ibiya kuba lixesha elincinci ukuba umoya wam othile ujolise ngakumbi kulonwabo lokufunda. Nangeyiphi ndlela, Incwadana emfutshane pI-ero ayindonwabisanga kwaye ayindonwabisanga. Kwaye inemathiriyeli yazo zombini. Nangona ndiphinda phinda ukuba uninzi lolu luvo luthobekileyo lubangelwa ngumoya wam wangoku wokufunda. Okanye ukuba sele ndifunde ngokufanayo. Abo kuthi abathanda uReverte bahlala bonwabela indlela yakhe yokubalisa ngobomi, kodwa ngeli xesha bendifuna okungakumbi.
Malunga noLorenzo Falcó
Ndizifundile phantse zonke iinoveli zikaReverte, nangona kufuneka ndiyivume loo nto iminyaka embalwa ngoku ndikhetha ubukrwada bakhe, amathumbu kunye nokuziphatha njengomlobi wekholamu kunokuba abe ngumbhali. Ke ndiyamlandela ngakumbi kumaphephandaba kunye neyakhe Ilungelo lobunikazi le-corso nakwitheko elihlala lingenelela kwakhe kwi-Twitter. Kodwa ndizama ukufunda yonke inoveli entsha kunye nale Falco Ndibambe ingqalelo yam ngakumbi kunangaphambili.
Kwi-Falcó, amagama afana nelizwe, uthando okanye ikamva awanangqondo.
Nokuba lilizwe, okanye iflegi, nothando, imbeko, nehlazo. I-Falcó inomdla kuphela kubomi bokuphila ngeyona ndlela ibalaseleyo kunye neyona intle eminweni yakhe: ubunewunewu bazo zonke iintlobo kunye nabasetyhini abazama ukubenza iflegi. Owayesakuba ngumthengisi weengalo, iarhente yenkonzo yezobuntlola, nayo nayiphi na into eyenzekayo, okoko nje ibandakanya ukuzonwabisa kunye nokuzuza. Zonke zinokungqubana okuncinci okanye kungabikho kwaphela.
Ke, ekwindla lowe-1936, uFalcó wasebenzela iSNIO-uLwazi lweSizwe kunye neNkonzo yokuSebenza- kunye Bammisela umsebenzi obuthathaka: ukufumana ibanjwa elibaluleke kakhulu kwintolongo yaseAlicante. Ukwenza oku, uya kuba neqela le-Falangists (abancinci kunye nabagqibeleleyo) ekufuneka ebakhokele. Kodwa akukho nto kwaye akukho mntu uya kuba yile nto ibonakala ngathi. Mhlawumbi ngenxa yokuba ebomini, kwaye ngakumbi ebomini emfazweni, sonke singayeka ukuba singobani.
Ngamaxesha anje ngala, ukuba yingcuka yayikuphela kwesiqinisekiso. Kwaye hayi rhoqo. Kungenxa yoko le nto uboya obumdaka ngebala babuluncedo. yanceda ukusinda. Ukuhamba ungabonakali ubusuku bonke nenkungu.
Isitayile esingenakuphikwa
UPererez-Reverte Ubalisa ibali elimnyama kunye neentlola ezaziwa izihlandlo eziliwaka ngohlobo lwayo kunye nesimbo, esaziwa kakuhle kuthi kuthi abo basifundayo: izivakalisi ezifutshane zixutywe nezide kunye nezihlomelo ezichazayo; iingxoxo ezilungileyo kakhulu, ngakumbi ezo zika Falcó kunye nomphathi wakhe, iAdmiral, kum oyena mlinganiswa ubalaseleyo okanye lowo bendimthanda kakhulu; kunye nomxholo onesingqisho kunye nokujija onokulindela (okanye hayi). Kuyo yonke inkcazo isitampu esiqhelekileyo sombhali: ukuthanda kwakhe kunye nolwazi ngemeko yomntu.
Ukuchaza i-Falcó njengegorha okanye i-antihero kuyisidenge. Mthelekise nomlinganiswa ongxamisekileyo kaPérez-Reverte, uKapteni Alatriste. Umbhali waseCagagagena ngoku ukhetha ukususa owona mthwalo usindayo kwibhegi yakhe ebalulekileyo, apho kunjalo bambalwa kakhulu abelana kwinqanaba labo.
Iibhokhwe zam
Oko, umfundi oqhelekileyo wohlobo olumnyama omnyama, andiziva ukuba ndinento entsha ezandleni zam. Zininzi iinkohliso ezifana neFalcó, kwaye ibabonise kungquzulwano olungenabungozi njengeMfazwe yamakhaya yaseSpain, ayincedi nto nokuba yinto entsha. Sonke siyazi ukuba ii-scoundrels zawo onke amacala kunye nemibala zazingasweleki. Ukukhumbula, ngokoluvo lwam, akuyomfuneko kwaye kuyadinisa.
Ngokuphathelele ububi, ukunqongophala kokuziphatha nokuziphatha okubi ... Ewe, ke, sonke singathanda ukuzisusa ngandlela ithile kwaye uncwadi lusinika oko kunokwenzeka. Kodwa ngokuchanekileyo kuba wabonisa oonobumba abacace gca kwasekuqaleni, ayothusi into yokuba uFalcó ngunyana wenja. Ngenxa yoko, ayimangalisi into ayenzayo okanye ayenziyo, ingenguye nabanye abalinganiswa. Ngokombono wam, abazisi ngaphezulu komdla (othile) kwindlela abaza kudibana ngayo, ukungcatshwa okanye akunjalo kuya kwenziwa kwaye kuya kubasusa.
Kuhleli kuwe kuphela ukuba uthathe ithuba, kwakhona, ngesimbo sombhali, iprozi yakhe ebalaseleyo kunye nebalaseleyo kunye nembali yakhe enkulu kunye nenkcubeko ebalulekileyo, inyanisekileyo. Kodwa Ndidinge ngaphezulu: ukonwaba ngakumbi, umdla omkhulu, nefuthe elingaphezulu.
Akumangalisi ukuba uReverte ebefuna ukunika ukuqhubeka komlinganiswa. Iyaboleka ukuba iqhubeke nokukhupha ubhaka wobubi obonwayo kunye namava kakhulu. Kodwa, ngokoluvo lwam, okanye uyayiguqula indlela kwaye akwazi ukuyenza ibe nomtsalane ngakumbi kunokuba azimisele, okanye uFalcó uya kuhlala kuloo nto. Kwaye kulihlazo. Nangona kunjalo, la manqaku sele eqalile nje. Inokuthi-kwaye kufuneka-iyinike ubume ngakumbi.
Umhlobo oyingozi-Arturo Pérez-Reverte.

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Intonga ye-alumina ceramic ithelekiswa neemveliso ezifanayo kwimarike, ineenzuzo ezibalaseleyo ezingenakuthelekiswa nanto malunga nokusebenza, umgangatho, inkangeleko, njalo njalo, kwaye yonwabela igama elihle kwimarike.I-XTL ishwankathela iziphene zeemveliso ezidlulileyo, kwaye ngokuqhubekayo iziphucula. Ukucaciswa kwentonga ye-Alumina ceramic inokwenziwa ngokweemfuno zakho.
Intonga ye-alumina ceramic
Ubunjineli beCeramic baMazwe ngaMazwe benza iAlumina& I-Zirconia Rods njengemveliso eqhelekileyo ye-ceramic. IAlumina& I-Zirconia inokuthatha amaqondo obushushu ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1650 ° C, ibe nokuzinza okuphezulu kakhulu kweqondo lokushisa, ukuxhathisa ukubola kweekhemikhali, kunye nokunxiba okuphezulu kunye nokuxhathisa i-abrasion.
Ubunyulu: 50%, 75%, 85%, 95%, 99% Al2O3
Umbala: omhlophe, opinki, otyheli okhanyayo
Indawo yeMvelaphi: iShenyang, eTshayina (ekuMmandla)
Ixesha lokuhambisa: 3-30days leyo ngokobungakanani
Eco-friendly: Ewe
MOQ: 5pcsz
Ixesha lorhwebo: FOB, EXW, CIF, CFR
Ixesha lentlawulo: T/T, Western Union, L/C
Isiqinisekiso: ISO,CQC ROHS
Ukwenza isampulu yexesha: lonke uhlobo kwisitokhwe
I-advanteji: umgangatho ophezulu kunye nokuchaneka okuphezulu kokulinganisa, impendulo ekhawulezayo yobushushu, amandla aphezulu omatshini, ixesha elide lenkonzo, uluhlu olubanzi lokulinganisa itemp -200-1500centigrade
Iimbonakalo
1) Izixhobo: 95% ialumina oxide, 99% i-alumina oxide
2) Isicelo: Isetyenziselwa zonke iintlobo zezixhobo zokufudumeza zombane kunye nezixhobo zombane, kunye noomatshini belaphu
3) Ulungile kakuhle kwaye unamandla aphezulu
4) Iintlobo ngeentlobo zengcaciso ekhoyo
5) I-OEM, i-ODM kunye ne-OBM zamkelwe
Ukusebenza kwi-Industrial Ceramic
Izixhobo: Sinomgca opheleleyo wemveliso kunye nezixhobo zokuvavanya, kuquka umgca wokuvelisa ngokuzenzekelayo.
Ifilosofi:Ngomgangatho obalaseleyo, inkonzo yodidi lokuqala, ishishini elinyanisekileyo
Umgangatho:Siphumelele i-IS0 9001:2005. umgangatho, uzinzile, uthembekile
Iqela: Sineqela lethu lokuphanda, ukuyila, ukuvelisa nokuthengisa.
FAQ
Kutheni thina?
* Umvelisi oqeqeshiweyo ukusukela ngo-1997.
* Ukulawulwa komgangatho ongqongqo kwinkqubo yemveliso kunye nokunyamezelana.
* Iisampuli zasimahla ziyafumaneka
* Imveliso eyenziwe ngokwezifiso ngokusekelwe kumzobo wakho okanye iinkcukacha
* Ukuhanjiswa ngexesha kunye nenkxaso kunye nenkonzo ethembekileyo
* Uluhlu lwezinto ezikhoyo ukuze zithunyelwe ngokukhawuleza
* Sigcina imfihlo yayo yonke imizobo kunye nolwazi lweshishini phakathi kwethu.
Ngaba uyinkampani yokurhweba okanye umenzi?
* Singumenzi.
Ungabonelela ngeesampulu zasimahla?
* Ewe, sinokunikezela ngesampulu yasimahla ukuba sinayo esitokhweni, kodwa umrhumo wekhuriya kufuneka uqokelelwe.
Ngaba uyayamkela imveliso elungiselelweyo ngokusekwe kwiinkcukacha zethu?
* Ewe, sinikezela ngenkonzo ye-OEM kunye ne-ODM. Sithumele nje umzobo wakho ukuba unayo. Ukuba awunawo umzobo, sixelele nje umbono wakho, siza kukwenzela umzobo.
Lithini ixesha lokuhambisa?
* Iintsuku ezi-7 zokusebenza kwiimveliso eziqhelekileyo iintsuku ezingama-30 kwiimveliso ezilungiselelwe.
Liling Xing Tai Long Special Special Ceramic Co., Ltd
Umnxeba: +86 13975373343
0086-0731-23253338
I-imeyile: admin@llxtl-china.com
WhatsApp: 0086-13975373343
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Shiya umyalezo
Ilungelo lokushicilela © 2022 Liling xing tai ende ekhethekileyo yeceramic co.,ltd Onke Amalungelo Agciniwe.


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Synthetic mica umgubo
Iinkcukacha Product
Iimpawu zemveliso
Iplastiki yeBanga leMicah Powder
Umsebenzi ophambili weMicrosoft Synthetic Mica
I-HUAJING imveliso yemicrosoft eyenziweyo yamkela umgaqo wokunyibilika kwe-crystallization kubushushu obuphezulu. Ngokwendlela yemichiza yendalo yokwakheka kunye nolwakhiwo lwangaphakathi, oluveliswe emva kobushushu be-electrolysis kunye nokunyibilika kubushushu obuphezulu, ukupholisa kunye ne-crystallization, emva koko i-mica yokwenziwa inokufunyanwa. Le mveliso inezibonelelo zokucoceka okuphezulu kobumhlophe kunye nokungaxutywanga, umxholo we-iron ophantsi kakhulu, akukho zimbi zinzima, ukumelana nobushushu, i-asidi enganyangekiyo, kwaye ikwanyamezela ukubola kwegesi enobungozi, ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kunye nokugquma okuhle.
Synthetic mica powder nayo inokusetyenziswa njengesongezo kwimveliso yeplastiki ekrwada yokwenza iiplastikhi zobunjineli banamhlanje ngamandla aphezulu, ukutyeba okuhle kunye nobunzima bokukhanya. Inokubonyusa ubunzima, ukunciphisa ukuvutha, ukunciphisa ukungalingani kokunyuka kwe-thermal, ukunciphisa ukunxiba kunye ne-asidi kunye ne-alkali ukumelana nezihlanganisi. Yeyona polima inokhuphiswano, enokusetyenziswa kwimoto, iinqwelomoya, umzi mveliso wokhuselo wesizwe kunye nezinye iinkalo ezibalulekileyo, kwaye inokutshintsha izinto zesinyithi.
I-Mica Synthetic yinto ye-hydrophilic non-metallic, ngenxa yoko ayinakho ukuhambelana kakuhle nezinto ezininzi eziphilayo, eziza kuthi zichaphazele ngokuthe ngqo umgangatho kunye nokusebenza kweemveliso ezinxulumene noko. Ke ngoko, kuhlala kufanelekile ukuguqula umphezulu we-mica yokwenziwa.
Ngokweenguqulelo ezahlukeneyo, ukuguqulwa komphezulu womgubo we-mica unokwahlulwa ube ngumphezulu wokuguqula umphezulu kunye nokuguqulwa komhlaba okungaphiliyo. Njengokugcwalisa kokugcwalisa, i-mica powder eyenziweyo eguqulweyo yomphezulu wezinto eziphilayo isetyenziswa kakhulu kwizinto zepolymer ezinje nge-polyolefin, i-polyamide kunye ne-polyester, ukwenzela ukuphucula ukuhambelana kwayo ne-matrix yepolymer kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kwayo. iiarhente ezisetyenziselwa ukudibanisa, ioyile yesilic kunye nezinye izinto eziguqula izinto eziphilayo. I-mica powder eyenziweyo eguqulweyo ngobuso obungaphiliyo isetyenziswa kakhulu kwicandelo lee-pearlescent zombala, injongo kukunika i-mica powder eyenziweyo ebonakalayo kunye nokubonakalayo, yenza imveliso ibenombala kwaye ibukeke, ukuze kuphuculwe ukusebenza kwesicelo se-mica. umgubo. I-Titanium oxide kunye neetyiwa zayo zihlala zisetyenziswa njengemodareyitha.


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Xem Nhanh nội dụng
- 1 1. I-Grapefruit yeRoi ezintlanu
- 2 2. I-Grapefruit enesikhumba esiluhlaza
- 3 3. INtamo Yengwamza IGrapefruit
- 4 4. Amagqabi eswekile e-Grapefruit e-orenji
- 5 5. Ezinye iintlobo zeGrapefruit
1. I-Grapefruit yeRoi ezintlanu
– Igama eliqhelekileyo: Grapefruit Nam Roi
Igama lenzululwazi: Citrus maxima (Burm) Merr
– Igama lesiNgesi: “Nam roi” pummelo
Olu luhlu olukhethekileyo lwephondo laseVinh Long, ngo-1920, olu didi lwaqalwa ngabalimi baseBinh Minh – Vinh Long kwaye lwaba ludumo ukususela ngoko (Vo Cong Thanh et al. 2005) . NgokukaMnu Bui Van Tuoc Thuan Tan Hamlet, uThuan An Commune, kwiSithili saseBinh Minh, kwiPhondo laseVinh Long, umthi wepomelo wawukhuliswe ekuqaleni kwimbewu.
iiPomelos
– Umthi oneminyaka eyi-10 ubude obumalunga ne-7-8m
– Imithi ephuma kumasebe okanye imithi emiliselweyo ikholisa ukungabi nameva okanye ambalwa
– Amagqabi amancinci aluhlaza okhanyayo, umphezulu ongaphezulu unoboya obuhle
– Amagqabi aqolileyo a-oval ukuya kwi-elliptical, isiseko singqukuva okanye simile ngokwentliziyo
– Amagqabi adityanisiwe amagqabi adityanisiweyo (akwindawo enye)
– Isigqubuthelo segqabi singqukuva kumacala omabini egqabi kunye namadlala e-oyile asasazekileyo.
– Umbala wegqabi eliphezulu uluhlaza obumnyama, i-blade i-ovate, igqabi liguqulelwe njengentliziyo.
I-Grapefruit ishiya izabhokhwe ezintlanu
Iintyatyambo zikhula ngokwamaqela kwii-axils zamagqabi, kwi-inflorescence nganye kunokubakho iintyatyambo ezininzi okanye intyatyambo enye kuphela, isiqu sentyatyambo sifutshane kwaye sinoboya. Iintyatyambo zinkulu kakhulu, zeyentyatyambo enento ezintlanu, ine-ovary enkulu kunye nestamens ezininzi ezincanyathiselweyo. Iintyatyambo zineendlela ezi-5 zeentyatyambo ezimhlophe kunye nevumba elimnandi
Zonke iintyatyambo ziyakwazi ukuvuthela kakuhle ukuze zenze iziqhamo, kodwa ukukhula okuqhelekileyo ngokwesithungu kushiyeka isiqhamo esi-1-3 kuphela.
Intyatyambo yeGrapefruit 5 izabhokhwe
– Ukumila kwepere xa sele livuthiwe, umbindi wesiqhamo unomgongxo kwaye umqolo utyheli, kwixolo kukho amadlala e-oyile akhulisiwe, nto leyo eyenza umphezulu wolusu lwesiqhamo ube rhabaxa.
– Amaxolo atyebileyo: 2.0-2.5cm (kwiminyaka yokuqala, isiqhamo sihlala sityebile, ngamanye amaxesha ukuya kwi-3-4cm).
– Ulusu oluphakathi lumhlophe, lunevumba elimnandi, i-shrimp iluhlaza tyheli, iqinile, kulula ukwahlula eludongeni lwecandelo kwaye inejusi eninzi, inyama ethambileyo, incasa emnandi kancinci kunye nemuncu (i-Brix degree 9-11%, isiqhamo sepulp ratio ukusuka kwi-60 ukuya ngaphezulu kwama-60%, iimbewu ezimbalwa okanye ezingenazo kwiigadi ezikhethekileyo.
– Ubunzima beziqhamo: 1.2kg – 1.4kg
– Isivuno esiphezulu se-280 – 300 yeziqhamo / umthi / ngonyaka (imithi edala kuneminyaka eyi-10 ubudala)
Isiqhamo sepomelo ehlutshiwe – Imilo yepere
– Umthi uyakhula kwaye ukhule kakuhle kumhlaba oswiti we-alluvial ecaleni komlambo
– Phantsi kweemeko zokhathalelo oluhle, umthi uvelisa iziqhamo emva kweminyaka eyi 2.5 ukuya kwi 3.0 emva kokutyala.
– Imithi ihlala inika iziqhamo ezisasazeke unyaka wonke kodwa uninzi lwazo lugxile ukusuka ku-Agasti ukuya kuNovemba dl
– Ixesha ukusuka ekudubuleni ukuya ekuvuneni limalunga neentsuku ezingama-210-220. Vuna xa ubona ukuba imidumba ijika ibe tyheli-luhlaza
Ukongeza kwiphondo laseVinh Long, iipomelos zikhuliswe kwiindawo ezininzi ezinje: Hau Giang, Soc Trang, Dong Thap, Tien Giang kunye namanye amaphondo akumazantsi mpuma.
2. I-Grapefruit enesikhumba esiluhlaza
– Igama eliqhelekileyo: Ipomelo yesikhumba eluhlaza
Igama lenzululwazi: Citrus maxima (Burm) Merr
– Igama lesiNgesi: “Isikhumba esiluhlaza” Pummelo
Umthi wokuqala sisityalo esikhule ngokusuka kwimbewu, efunyenwe eThanh Tan commune, kwisithili saseMo Cay, kwiphondo laseBen Tre. Igama elithi “isikhumba esiluhlaza” livela kwimpawu yesiqhamo xa sivuthiwe, i-rind ihlala iluhlaza.
I-pomelo yesikhumba esiluhlaza ihlelwe njengomthi weziqhamo ezikhethekileyo zephondo laseBen Tre kunye nommandla waseMekong Delta ukususela ekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1990. Olu hlobo lunombala weziqhamo ezintle kunye nomgangatho omnandi.
Amagqabi amancinci aluhlaza okhanyayo kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe ajika abe luhlaza mnyama xa amagqabi evuthiwe, umphezulu wamagqabi uluhlaza bumnyama, amagqabi amile okwentliziyo, umda wegqabi uqatshelwe njengeendlebe zedada, iblade yegqabi iguqulwe i-ovate. , i-blade i-ovate, amagqabi abekwe phezu kwamagqabi, nto leyo ibonakalisa kakhulu uhlobo lweentlobo.
IGrapefruit ishiya ulusu oluluhlaza
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Iintyatyambo zeGrapefruit ezinesikhumba esiluhlaza
I-Inflorescences ikhula ngokwamaqela kwii-axils zamagqabi okanye kwiincam zamasebe, i-inflorescence nganye inokuthwala intyatyambo enye okanye isiqhu seentyatyambo, i-calyx inombala otyheli-luhlaza, amagqabi amhlophe kwaye amise okwephenyane, xa iintyatyambo ziyaqhakaza. unevumba elibi kakhulu. Zonke iintyatyambo ziyakwazi ukuvunguza kakuhle ukuze zenze iziqhamo, kodwa inkqubo yophuhliso kwiqela ngalinye kushiyeka isiqhamo esi-1-2 kuphela.
Iintyatyambo zeGrapefruit ezinesikhumba esiluhlaza
Isiqhamo sikhulu kakhulu, sinobunzima obuyi 1.6-2.0 kg, singqukuva, xa sele sivuthiwe, ulusu luluhlaza kodwa ngamanye amaxesha lujike lube luhlaza okomthubi, umbindi wesiqhamo uvulekile, uqweqwe lumalunga ne-17mm ubukhulu. ulusu lwesiqhamo oluphakathi lupinki.
Isiqhamo sinamacandelo angama-13-14, inyama i-crispy (xa kuthelekiswa ne-Nam Roi pomelo, i-peel iqhekeza kakuhle, i-shrimp i-pink eqinile, ikhutshwe, ipesenti yenyama ingaphezulu kwe-60%, i-flavour sweet, i-brix 9, i-7 – 10.4%, pH= 4.62, hayi krakra, hayi krakra, iimbewu ezimbalwa ngaphandle kwembewu kwimeko apho olu didi lukhuliswe kakhulu.
Igrapefruit enesikhumba esiluhlaza
Umbala we-shrimp
Isityalo sikhula kakuhle kumhlaba oswiti we-alluvial, onamanzi awoneleyo okunkcenkceshela unyaka wonke
– Phantsi kweemeko zokhathalelo oluhle, umthi uvelisa iziqhamo emva kweminyaka eyi 2.5 ukuya kwi 3.0 emva kokutyala.
– Umthi udla ngokunika iziqhamo unyaka wonke, kodwa uninzi lwazo luxutywa ukusuka kuAgasti ukuya kuNovemba dl
– Ixesha ukusuka kwintyatyambo ukuya ekuvuneni malunga neenyanga ezi-7-7.5. Isivuno siphezulu kakhulu, malunga ne-120-150 kg/umthi/ngonyaka (umthi oneminyaka eli-10 ubudala).
Ukongeza kwiPhondo leBen Tre, i-pomelo yesikhumba eluhlaza ikhulile kwiindawo ezininzi eTien Giang, Vinh Long, Soc Trang, Dong Thap, kunye namanye amaphondo akumazantsi-mpuma.
3. INtamo Yengwamza IGrapefruit
– Igama eliqhelekileyo: Ipomelo yeenwele zeNgwamza
– Igama lezenzululwazi: Citrus maxima (Burm) Merr – igama lesiNgesi: “Long co co” pummelo
Iindidi zePomelo zeLong zivela kwizityalo zembewu kwidolophu yaseThai Dong, kwisithili saseCai Be, kwiphondo laseTien Giang. Ngenxa yeempawu zeentlobo ngeenwele ezintle kumahlumela amancinci, amagqabi kunye neepods, ibizwa ngokuba yi-Long pomelo kwaye ivela e-Co Co (i-An Thai Dong commune). Olu hlobo lukhuliswe kwizithili ezininzi zaseCai Be, Cai Lay, Chau Thanh kunye neMy Tho City (Tien Giang).
I-canopy ivame ukuphakama phezulu, amasebe ahanjiswa ngokulinganayo. Umthi oneminyaka emi-5 unobude obuyi-6-7m. Amagqabi agqunywe buboya obucolekileyo, aluhlaza luhlaza xa esemancinci kwaye aluhlaza obumnyama xa evuthiwe. Amagqabi amile okwentliziyo, ulusu lwegqabi alimaza kangako, umsila wegqabi utsolo, iblade yegqabi i-oval, isigqumathelo esincinci okanye asikho.
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Intyatyambo yePomelo eneentsiba zengwamza
Iintyatyambo zihlala zikhula kwi-axils yamagqabi kwiintyatyambo ze-3-11 zentyatyambo, i-calyx iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, isithuba seentyatyambo simhlophe, i-stamen emile okwestamen imfutshane kune-pistil.
Intyatyambo yePomelo eneentsiba zengwamza
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Iintsiba zengwamza zeGrapefruit
I-Long Co ingwamza ipomelo imile okwepere, isiqhamo sidayamitha eyi-13.1-14.6cm, ubude besiqhamo bu-10.3-18.7cm. Isingxobo se-oyile esibalulekileyo kumphezulu wexolo lesiqhamo sicace gca xa isiqhamo singena kwinkqubo yokuvuthwa, ingxowa iyakhula kwaye ukuxinana kungqindilili kunoko kwesiqhamo esincinci, isiqhamo siyatshintsha ukusuka kokungunda okuluhlaza ukuya kuluhlaza okhanyayo, iinwele igudile, isagquma isiqhamo.
INgcamza Entanyeni yeGrapefruit
I-peel i-1.58cm ubukhulu, ulusu oluphakathi lumhlophe olupinki, isiqhamo ngasinye sinamacandelo angama-14 ngokomyinge, iindawo azilingani, ukukwazi ukuqinisa i-shrimp kuphakathi, i-shrimp inzima ukuyikhupha eludongeni. I-Shrimp inombala opinki obomvu, amanzi amaninzi, incasa eswiti nemuncu (ibrix 7.4-10.7%, pH=3.8) ayikrakra, ayikrakra.
I-Pomelo iindidi zengwamza i-Long Co ikhula kwaye ikhule kakuhle kwiimeko zomhlaba oswiti we-alluvial ecaleni komlambo, ukunkcenkceshelwa okwaneleyo… Umthi ukhula ngamandla xa uthelekisa nezinye iintlobo ze-citrus phantsi kweemeko ezifanayo zokulima, olu hlobo lunokusetyenziswa njengengcambu yezinye. iintlobo zepomelo.
Ukusuka kwiintyatyambo ukuya ekuvuneni iinyanga ezi-7.0-7.5, imithi yeziqhamo emva kweminyaka emi-2 yokutyala, imithi yeziqhamo ithe saa unyaka wonke, kodwa ininzi igxininise ukusuka ku-Agasti ukuya kwi-12dl, isivuno esikhulu malunga ne-200-250kg/ngonyaka/umthi (umthi weminyaka eyi-10). Ukuvuna kwiiveki ezingama-32-33 emva kokuba iintyatyambo zidubula kwaye zingagcinwa kwi-80C kangangeeveki ezilishumi.
Olu luhlobo lwediliya olukhula lula, olukhula ngamandla, oluvelisa isivuno esikhulu nokwazi ukuvelisa iziqhamo unyaka wonke.
4. Amagqabi eswekile e-Grapefruit e-orenji
– Igama eliqhelekileyo: igqabi le-orenji leswekile yepomelo
– Igama lezenzululwazi: Citrus maxima (Burm) Merr – igama lesiNgesi: “iOrenji leswekile” pummelo
Olu didi lukhule kakhulu kwingingqi ekuMazantsi-mpuma, lugxile kwiindawo ezisecaleni komlambo i-Dong Nai.
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Amagqabi eGrapefruit, amagqabi eswekile eorenji
Amagqabi alolu hlobo mancinci, aphantse afane namagqabi e-orenji, ngoko ke abizwa ngokuba yishukela e-orenji.
I-canopy ithanda ukukhula ngokuthe tye, imithi eneminyaka eyi-10 inobude obuphakathi kwe-4.0-4.5m. Amagqabi amancinci aluhlaza okhanyayo, xa ekhulile, amaqabunga aluhlaza mnyama, amagqabi abunjwe yintliziyo, isigqubuthelo se-serrated, umsila weqabunga ukhonjiwe, iqabunga leqabunga li-lanceolate, aligubungeli iqabunga.
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Iintyatyambo kunye namagqabi eswekile e-grapefruit e-orenji
Iintyatyambo zihlala zikhula kwii-axils zamagqabi okanye kwiincam zamasebe, zikhula ngokwamaqela.
Isiqhamo simile okweperile, sinobunzima obuyi 1154g/isiqhamo, ulusu lunobunzima obuyi 1.58cm, lutyheli-luhlaza xa luvuthiwe, ulusu oluphakathi lumhlophe, amacandelo atyheli, ishrimps zixobuka kakhulu xa zixotyulwa eludongeni. kunye, incasa eswiti, muncu kancinci, 10.5% brix, pH=4.4, hayi krakra, hayi krakra
Umthi unika iziqhamo emva kweminyaka eyi-3-4 yokutyala, ixesha lokuvuna lisasazwa unyaka wonke, kodwa eyona nto igxininiswe ngoJulayi-Agasti dl, ukusuka ekudubuleni ukuya ekuvuneni iinyanga ezi-7.0-7.5. Lomthi unesivuno esikhulu esingange 400kg/umthi/ngonyaka
Grapefruit iswekile amagqabi orenji
5. Ezinye iintlobo zeGrapefruit
5.1. Iswekile Pomelo
+ Isiqhamo esimile okwepere.
+ Ubunzima obuyi-avareji 1.2-2.5 kg/isiqhamo, ulusu olugudileyo, lutyheli oluluhlaza ukuya kumthubi xa luvuthiwe, kulula ukuxobuka kunye nobungqingqwa obuphakathi (16-19mm).
+ Ijusi ininzi kakhulu, incasa ayimuncu, ivumba elimnandi liyanuka.
+ Kukho ngaphezu kwe-50 imbewu/isiqhamo.
Igrapefruit enesikhumba esigudileyo
5.2. Doan Hung pomelo
Luhlobo olumnandi lwepomelo olukhule ixesha elide eDoan Hung-Phu Tho. Izityalo zikhula zomelele, ubude obuyi-4-5 m; umyinge we-canopy ububanzi 4-6m; amagqabi aluhlaza atyheli. Iintyatyambo ngoFebruwari-Matshi, iziqhamo zivuthwa ngo-Oktobha – 11. Isiqhamo sijikelezileyo, ubunzima obuphakathi 0.8 – 1.2 kg / isiqhamo. Ulusu lwesiqhamo lubhityile xa luvuthiwe, lutyheli, umthubi utyheli, uswiti kwaye unevumba elimnandi.
Doan Hung pomelo
5.3. Grapefruit Hue Thanh Tra
I-Grapefruit ikhuliswa ikakhulu kumhlaba we-alluvial ecaleni koMlambo iPerfume, uMlambo iBo, kunye noMlambo i-O Lau kunye nommandla ongaphezulu kweehektare ezili-1,000 kwiphondo liphela, kodwa kwiwadi ye-Thuy Bieu, ithathwa njengeyona imnandi kakhulu. umbala kunye nencasa yesiqhamo.Ibha yeti ityebile kunezinye iindawo.
I-Thanh Tra pomelo inobunzima obumalunga ne-1kg, imilo yepere, ulusu olutyheli olunelanga.
I-Thanh Tra pomelo yahlukile kwezinye iipomelo ukusuka kwimilo ukuya kwincasa.
Ulusu lwe-tea bar alukho luhlaza, kodwa ilanga liphuzi. Ubungakanani besiqhamo buncinci kunolo hlobo olufanayo, alukho ngqukuva, kodwa lukhudlwana ngokuthe ngcembe.
I-Thanh Tra grapefruit imnandi kakhulu, incasa eswiti ihlala ixesha elide emlonyeni emva kokonwaba. I-Thanh Tra ayivumba nje kuphela emathunjini esiqhamo, kodwa iphinda ibe nevumba elimnandi kwi-peel, amagqabi, kunye neentyatyambo …
Grapefruit Hue Thanh Tra
5.4. Phuc Trach Grapefruit
Ukhule ixesha elide kwisithili saseHuong Khe – Ha Tinh. Umthi unamandla kwaye unamandla, ubude obuphakathi kwe-3 – 5 m; i-avareji yekhenopi idayamitha 4-6 m.
Iintyatyambo ngoFebruwari-Matshi, iziqhamo zivuthwa ngoSeptemba-Okthobha.
Isiqhamo esingqukuva sithe tyaba kancinci, sinobunzima obuphakathi kwe 1.0 – 1.5 kg/isiqhamo.
Ulusu lwesiqhamo lubhityile xa luvuthiwe, lutyheli, umthubi utyheli, womile, uswiti kwaye unevumba elimnandi ekutyeni.
Umbala wenyama kunye ne-shrimp i-pinkish, i-pulp i-crispy kwaye kulula ukuhlukana, kwaye i-taste inomuncu omuncu. Isidanga seBrix 12-14%
Phuc Trach Grapefruit
Iintyatyambo kunye namacandelo eziqhamo (Phuc Trach Grapefruit)
5.5 Ukusebenza kweGrapefruit
Ithathwe kuhlobo olumnandi lwepomelo iDoan Hung, ekhule ixesha elide kwiPhu Dien commune-Tu Liem-Hanoi, kodwa ivuthwe kamva, isiqhamo sihle ngakumbi kwaye siba yinto ekhethekileyo yasekhaya.
Ukwenza iGrapefruit
Izityalo zikhula zomelele, ubude obuyi-3-5m; umyinge we-canopy ububanzi 4-6 m; Amagqabi atyheli-luhlaza, isinqe simile okwentliziyo, kwaye i-apex icacile ngokucacileyo. Iintyatyambo ngoFebruwari-Matshi, iziqhamo zivuthwa ngoNovemba-Disemba.
I-Grapefruit inolusu olubhityileyo xa ivuthiwe, umbala otyheli okhanyayo, i-grapefruit eshinyeneyo, i-succulent, i-pulp emthubi, incasa eswiti.
Dien pomelo iziqhamo
Umthombo: IKharityhulam yokuLima iSitrasi-uMphathiswa wezoLimo noPhuhliso lwamaPhandle


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Los ukutshintsha iimoto zepetroli Zikwinqanaba lezithuthi ezinobungozi kokusingqongileyo kuba zisebenzisa izibaso ezibini. Kukho iinguqulelo ezininzi, eziqhelekileyo zixhaphakile ipetroli kunye neethanol kuxutywe kulo naliphi na inani.
Kukwakho nezithuthi ezisebenzisayo imethane kunye neethanol. Ngokumalunga ne-19 yezigidi ze-mafutha ezijikelezayo ziyajikeleza kwihlabathi, iBrazil lilizwe eliye laphuhlisa kwaye lakhuthaza olu hlobo lwezothutho kakhulu. Phantse iipesenti ezingama-90 zezithuthi ezenziweyo kweli lizwe zizibaso eziguqukayo.
I-United States, Canada, Sweden kunye namanye amazwe e-European Union nawo ayayisebenzisa, kodwa kumanqanaba asezantsi kakhulu kuba i-ethanol ayifumaneki lula njengase-Brazil, engumvelisi omkhulu wale mafutha.
Uncedo lolu hlobo lwesithuthi kukuba alungcolisi kangako kuneemoto eziqhelekileyo kuba kuthintela ukukhutshwa CO2 nokusebenza kwayo kuyafana nezithuthi eziqhelekileyo.
Iimoto zishiya umzi-mveliso kunye nohlengahlengiso lobuchwephesha ukuze isebenze ngokufanelekileyo. Iinkampani ezininzi zeemoto zizenza njengePeugeot, Renault, Chevrolet, Honda, Ford phakathi kwezinye iimveliso. Le nkqubo ye-fuel fuel ikwasebenza nakwizithuthuthu.
Umthengi lukhetho oluphakathi, olulungele abo bangakwaziyo ukufumana imoto yombane okanye i-hybrid yeendleko kodwa bafuna ukuba imoto yabo ingangcolisi kangako.
Ukusetyenziswa Olunye uhlobo lwezibaso kwizithuthi zabucala kuyinyani kunye nemfuno yabathengi abachaphazelekayo ngendalo esingqongileyo.
Ke umzi mveliso weemoto uhlengahlengisa ngokukhawuleza uxinzelelo oluvela eluntwini kodwa nakwamazwe afuna ukunciphisa kakhulu ungcoliseko oluveliswa ziimoto.
Abenzi bezithuthi abenza utyalomali kwitekhnoloji engeyongozi ngileyo kodwa oko kuqinisekisa iimfuno zothutho lwabantu.
Iinqwelo mafutha zeFlex zinokunceda ukunciphisa ungcoliseko, ke ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwabo kufuna ukuzibophelela kukarhulumente wabucala ukuze uphumelele.


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Yintoni entsha
Ilinen emhlophe yokuKhanya okuKhanyayo kunye neAiry Sheer Amakhethini amasebe omnquma ipholiyesta 8638 yoshicilelo
Ingcaciso yeMveliso
Iinkcukacha:
I-sheer yethu yokuprinta ilingana neefestile ezininzi kwaye kulula ukuyifaka kwimizuzwana.Le semi-sheer ilingana nazo naziphi na iintlobo zokuhombisa eziqaqambisa amagumbi ngokuKhanya okutofotofo kunye neklasikhi. Uyilo lokuhombisa i-Classy Leaf kunye nelaphu yaso yangasemva ecocekileyo inika ikhethini ukuba libukeke ngobuhle nangoku.
Thobisa ukukhanya okuza ngelixa unika ubumfihlo kwaye uzise ubushushu ekhaya.
Iinkcukacha ngokukhawuleza:
Amakhethini anokubonelela ngenkangeleko yesitayile kunye nexesha langoku, elinganiki bucala kuphela kwaye livumela ukukhanya kwelanga okuthambileyo ukuba kungene kamnandi kwigumbi, uhombiso olugqibeleleyo lwasekhaya, iihotele kunye neeresityu, njl njl. imisebenzi emininzi ngokwaneleyo kulo naliphi na igumbi.
Inkcazelo:
Ilaphu LOMGANGATHO WOKUQALA
ILANGA LOKUMELANA NEENYANYA NOKUQINILE LOKUTHANDA IVOILE
WENZIWE KAKUHLE
OOMATSHINI BAYAHLAMBEKA
Izicelo:
Umatshini Wokuhlamba Ingqele, uMjikelo oMnene, ngokwahlukeneyo. Sukuyiblitsha. Tumble Dry Low, Susa ngokukhawuleza, Musa ukwenza i-Iron.
iinkcukacha:
IPHEPHA LOKUQALA: 100% Ipholiyesta esemgangathweni. Inani eligqibeleleyo lokuLungiswa kweThenda linika iSoft to Skin Touch. Zijongeka zintle kwaye zintle, zizinto ezisisiseko ezingenamakhethini amakhethini, kanye le nto uyifunayo. Amakhethini eefashoni-athambile kwaye anobuhlobo kokusingqongileyo anendawo yendalo kubo - hayi eqinileyo. Inkulu ngokubeka.
Ithuba elihle lokhuphiswano :
Umgangatho ophezulu kunye nenkonzo enkulu yabathengi. Iimveliso zethu ziza nomgangatho ophezulu kakhulu kunye ne-100% yokwaneliseka kwabathengi


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News Popular
Inkqubo ye-20 ye-Oil Heating Brew ye-COFF
Omnye umthengi we-Janpanese brewery usanda kugqiba isivumelwano sokuthenga kunye ne-COFF malunga ne-200L ye-Oil Heating Brew System. Ngama-20th Iinkqubo zolu hlobo ukususela kwinkqubo yokuqala ye-100L yathengiswa ngo-2017. Njengemveliso ye-patent ye-COFF, inkqubo yokufudumeza i-oyile iphuculwe ngokumalunga netheknoloji, ukusebenza kunye nobuntu kwizizukulwana ezi-4.
Ngokumalunga nomyalelo womthengi ovela eNagano, iCOFF iye yaphucula kwaye yahlengahlengiswa kuyilo olusekwe kwiimeko zesiza kunye nomthengi.'s imfuno ethile. Vumela's ilindele umthengi'uncumo kwiinyanga ezintathu !!!
NguJessie Min
Jessie@nbcoff.com
Previous: Umgangatho uthatha isigqibo sokubakho, ukuPhuhlisa kunye noDumo lweShishini
Okulandelayo: Inkqubo yeCOFF Brewhouse


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Uyilo lwangoku olwahlukileyo: Umzimba we-Inox + inkangeleko yeglasi etofotofo, ifanelekile kuwo onke amakhitshi avulekileyo okanye akudala.
Ngentambo yentsimbi ye-2m adjustable;
Izinga lokutsalwa okuninzi khetha ngesandi esisezantsi soxinzelelo lwesandi ngesantya esi-3 sokuLawula.
Ulawulo olukude lwe-infrared olukhethwayo lunokulawulwa ngaphakathi kweemitha ezi-5.
Icala elinye okanye amabini icala lePhaneli yokusebenza yoLawulo lweTouch ihlangabezana neemfuno zabantu ezahlukeneyo.
Ukonga amandla ukukhanya kwe-LED strip.
Iindlela zokungenisa umoya kuphela eziphinda zijikelezwe ezifuna ukufakela ngezihluzi zekhabhoni (zingabandakanywa)


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בסדד
Izifundiswa - 2014
“Kuthe kusenjalo kuvuka umntu, azive engabantu, ahambe;
UMichael Abraham
Ukuba kukho iikibbutzim ezingayaziyo ukuba yintoni na iYom Kippur, abazi ukuba yintoni iShabbat kwaye abazi ukuba yintoni ithemba. Imivundla neehagu ziyakhuliswa. Ingaba banobudlelwane notata wabo?… Array? I-Array yinto engcwele? Bazinqumle kulo lonke ixesha lethu elidlulileyo kwaye bacela iTorah entsha. Ukuba akukho Sabatha kwaye akukho Yom Kippur, ngoko uyintoni na umYuda?
(Intetho kaRabbi Shach yeMivundla, Yad Eliyahu, 1990)
Eli nqaku labhalwa kanye ngeentsuku apho iingxoxo ezininzi ziqhuma phakathi kwethu kunye namaPalestina, kodwa ngeli xesha imibuzo yesazisi eyakhokelela kuyo isondele kakhulu kumphezulu. Esona sizathu siphambili sogqabhuko-dubulo luka-Israyeli yayiyimfuno yokuqaphela iLizwe lakwaSirayeli njengelizwe lamaYuda. Le mfuno ifezekisiwe, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ngeengxoxo zePalestina kunye nezinye izinto, ezifuna ukuba kuqala sichaze ukuba yintoni kwaye ngubani ongumYuda emehlweni ethu ngaphambi kokuba siyifune kwabanye. Kulo mxholo, abanye basibonisa njengenzala yamaKhazars, ngaloo ndlela bejongela phantsi ubunyani bembali yengxelo yamaYuda, oko kukuthi, ngokwenene siqhubeka ngokwendalo yamaYuda amandulo ahlala apha kwiLizwe lakwaSirayeli. Kwelinye icala, amaPalestine abonisa imbali yesizwe (esiyinkohliso ethile) njengesiseko seengxoxo zabo. Ndifumene umzekelo ohlekisayo kakhulu kwinqaku lika-Eldad Beck, elichaza incoko phakathi koMphathiswa uTzipi Livni, ophethe uthethathethwano namaPalestina egameni likarhulumente wakwaSirayeli, kunye noSaib Erekat, ophethe uthethathethwano kwicala lasePalestina. :[1]
Amalungu egqiza elikhulu lakwaSirayeli kwinkomfa yokhuseleko eMunich bothukile phezolo, xa ilungu leqela leengxoxo zasePalestina, uSaeb Erekat, waqhwaba uLivni ukuba yena nosapho lwakhe babengamaKanan kwaye bahlala eYeriko iminyaka engama-3,000 (!?) Ngaphambili Ukufika kwisixeko sakwaSirayeli sikhokelwa nguJoshua Ben Nun. Ngexesha lengxoxo ngenkqubo yoxolo kuMbindi Mpuma apho bobabini bathathe inxaxheba, u-Erekat waqala ukuthetha malunga neengxelo ezahlukeneyo zembali zamacala omabini, i-Israel kunye nePalestina, kwaye yabonisa ukuba amaPalestina kunye nommeli wakhe ngokwenene bayinzala yamaKanan kwaye ngoko baye bafumanisa ukuba abantu basePalestina kunye nommeli wakhe bayinzala yamaKanan. amalungelo amaninzi kumhlaba wasePalestina kunamaYuda. U-Livni waphendula wathi u-Israyeli kunye namaPalestina akufuneki babuze ukuba yeyiphi ibali enobulungisa, kodwa indlela yokwakha ikamva. “Andijongi ilungiselelo loxolo ngendlela yothando. I-Cynicism ayikho ingozi engaphantsi kune-naivety. "USirayeli ufuna uxolo kuba unomdla wakhe."
Ngaphaya kwengxoxo esebenzayo, kukho uluvo lokuba uLivni uzama ukuyinqanda le ngxoxo ilihlazo kuba ucinga ukuba isazisi sesizwe luhlobo olubalisayo, kwaye ke ingxoxo malunga nayo ayinamsebenzi. Akukho nto ilungileyo okanye iphosakeleyo apha, kuba njengoko kulisiko namhlanje ukucinga ukuba naluphi na uhlanga luzimele geqe yaye akukho mntu wumbi uvumelekileyo ukuba akwenzele oko. Abaninzi baya kuthi nakwisazisi samaYuda kukho imingxuma ezaliswe ngamabali ahlukeneyo (nangona idosi ihluke kakhulu kumzekelo wasePalestina). Amabango kaGolda, uBen-Zion Netanyahu kunye nabanye abaninzi, ukuba akukho nto ifana nePalestina, ivakala kakhulu kwaye i-archaic namhlanje. Akunjalo ngenxa yazo naziphi na iziphumo zembali, kodwa ngenxa yokuba abantu kunye nobuzwe yimiba echazwe kuphela yi-facto.
Imibuzo yesazisi, imbali kunye nenkcubeko, yala ukusiyeka. Bema ngobude baze basihlasele ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Kubonakala ngathi phantse akukho ndawo ehlabathini imibuzo yesazisi sesizwe exakekisa abantu njengobukho njengaphakathi kwamaJuda, kwaye kunjalo nakwaSirayeli. Iingxabano mhlawumbi zinokufunyanwa malunga nokuba unyanisekile eBelgian okanye hayi, kodwa ubukhulu becala njengesixhobo sokubetha abachasi, okanye njengenxalenye yothando lombutho wesizwe-kazwelonke. Kunzima nokuba nomfanekiso-ngqondweni weqela okanye umntu osokolayo ngokukhoyo ngombuzo wokuba ngumBelgian, okanye waseLibya, wokwenyani kwaye uyinyani.
Sithatha njengomzekelo ubuni bethu, akukho namnye kuthi ongenzanga sigqibo malunga nokuba ndinguMikayeli wokwenyani uAbraham, kwaye eneneni ndiyintoni na uMikayeli Abraham? Ithini inkcazo kaMichael Abraham, kwaye ndiyayiphendula? Isazisi somntu siyabonakala kwaye asidingi nkcazelo. Kukwanjalo ke nangokuphathelele ubuntu bentsapho. Wonke umntu ongowendlu ka-Abraham unjalo, yaye kunjalo. Imibuzo malunga nemilinganiselo kunye neenkcazo kule mixholo ibonakala ngathi i-angle. Ndifumana ingcamango yokuba kumazwe amaninzi oku kukwanjalo ngokuphathelele kwisazisi sesizwe. Ukhona nje, yiloo nto ke. Ke yintoni le malunga naye, kwisazisi sobuJuda, ehlala isikhathaza ngokukhoyo? Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba kubekho ingxubusho eyakhayo nesengqiqweni ngalo mbandela?
Kweli nqaku ndiya kuzama ukuchaza iingxaki methodological inxaxheba kwingxoxo yesazisi yamaYuda, kwaye ubonise uhlalutyo ingqiqo kunye nohlalutyo priori kwelinye icala, lo mba kunye neentsingiselo zawo. Ngoko ke andiyi kungena kwiinkcukacha kunye neengqungquthela ukuze ndingalahlekelwa ngumfanekiso omkhulu, kwaye ndivumele ukuba ndisebenzise i-generalizations ebonakala inengqiqo kum ngaphandle kwesidingo semithombo ethile, iTorah okanye ingcamango jikelele. Isidingo sam sesihloko, kwaye ngokukodwa kwezopolitiko zongquzulwano lwase-Israel-Palestine, ayenziwanga apha ngeenjongo zokugxeka kodwa ukubonisa amabango aya kuza ngamazwi am. Andibonakalisi sikhundla apha malunga nongquzulwano ngokwalo nokuba lusonjululwa njani.
Ingxoxo yenkcubeko-ifilosofi kunye nengxoxo ye-halakhic-Torah
Ingcinga ephambili kwisihloko sengxoxo, ubuni bamaJuda, ayicacanga. Ingxoxo malunga nayo inokuthatyathwa ubuncinane kumacala amabini: a. Ubuzwe bamaYuda ngokwembono yefilosofi-yobuhlanga-yenkcubeko. B. Isazisi samaYuda kwingqondo yeTorah-halakhic (abaninzi abayi kuyamkela into yokuba ezi ziingxoxo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo). Oku ngokuqinisekileyo kunxibelelana nombuzo (oludlolo ngokoluvo lwam) ukuba ubuJuda yinkolo okanye sisizwe, endingayi kuyichukumisa nalapha. Ezi ayizizo iingxoxo ezimbini nje ezahlukeneyo, kodwa zivakalisa iindlela ezimbini ezahlukeneyo zengxoxo: nokuba ngaba kuqhutywa ingxoxo ngokwenkqubo yengqiqo ngokubanzi okanye kwinkqubo ye-halakhic-Torah.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, iimpawu zenkolo kulula ukuzichaza kunezazisi zesizwe. Oku kungenxa yokuba iimpawu zenkolo zisekelwe kwimilinganiselo ekwabelwana ngayo kunye nezithethe, kwaye ngokukodwa kwizenzo ezizibolileyo kunye neenkolelo (nangona zineendlela ezahlukeneyo zokutolika. Akukho nto ebomini ilula ngolo hlobo).[2] Ngokwahlukileyo koko, isazisi sesizwe singqikelelo esine-amorphous ngakumbi, kwaye sisekelwe kwimbali, ummandla, inkcubeko, inkolo, ulwimi, iimpawu ezithile zomlinganiswa nokunye, okanye eminye imixube yazo zonke ezi. Ngokwesiqhelo ubuni besizwe abuhambelani nemigaqo yengqondo okanye esebenzayo, kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo hayi kwimigaqo eyodwa kubantu abathile. Kodwa inkcubeko, ulwimi, iimpawu zengqondo zolunye uhlobo okanye olunye, ziyaguquguquka kwaye azicaci, kwaye kwiimeko ezininzi zinokwabelwana ngazo nezinye izizwe. Ngaphezu koko, ezinye zezi mpawu ziyahluka, kwaye umntu okanye inkampani inokwamkela okanye izishiye ezinye zazo. Ngoko ke yeyiphi kwezi engumlinganiselo oyimfuneko wesazisi sesizwe?
Oku kunjalo nakwimeko yamaYuda. Kulula kakhulu ukuchaza ubuYuda bonqulo. Abo banyanzelekileyo ukuba bagcine i-mitzvos banesazisi samaYuda. Zingaphi iimitzvos ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe? Lo ngumbuzo ontsokothileyo, kwaye uya usiba nzima ngakumbi kwisizukulwana sethu esintsokothileyo, kodwa ngumbuzo wesibini. Ukuzibophelela ngokomgaqo kwi-mitzvos yinkcazo eyaneleyo yeemfuno zethu.[3] Ngaphezu koko, kwimeko ye-halakhic umbuzo wesazisi, kunye nenkolo, ayibalulekanga. Kukho inkcazo ecacileyo ye-halakhic malunga nazo zonke iintlobo zeemfanelo zonqulo, ezibhekiswa kuye kwaye zibopheleleke kuye. Imibuzo yesazisi senkolo ayiveli ngokuthe ngqo kwihlabathi leengqikelelo zeTorah-halakhic.
Ukuba ngokubhekiselele kwisazisi senkolo akukho kubaluleka kwe-halakhic kumbuzo, ngoko kulula kunye nezinto eziphathekayo malunga nombuzo wesazisi sesizwe. Sisiphi isiphumo se-halakhic sokuzimisela ukuba iqela libe nesazisi sesizwe samaYuda? Kwi-halakhah, umbuzo wokuba ngubani ogcina okanye ongayigciniyo i-mitzvos inentsingiselo, kwaye ngakumbi umbuzo wokuba ngubani omele okanye angayigcini. Umbuzo wesazisi awunayo impendulo ecacileyo ye-halakhic, kwaye ayinayo impembelelo ye-halakhic ngqo ngokwayo.
Ukusuka kwimbono ye-halakhic, umYuda ngumntu ozelwe ngumama ongumYuda okanye oguqulwe ngokuchanekileyo.[4] Esi sisazisi sakhe kwingqiqo ye-halakhic, kwaye akunandaba nokuba wenza ntoni, kwaye ngokukodwa ukuba ugcina okanye akayigcini i-mitzvos. Halachically ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka ahlale kubo, kwaye kunokwenzeka ukuxoxa ukuba lowo ungenzi njalo usisaphuli-mthetho kwaye kufuneka kwenziwe ntoni kuye. Kodwa umbuzo wokuba ngubani awukhathali. Amabinzana afana nelithi "waphuma kuSirayeli wonke" ubukhulu becala angumzekeliso, kwaye akanantsingiselo yokwenyani kwihalakhah. Kwaye nokuba zinentsingiselo ethile, i-halakhah ichaza ngokweendlela zayo zobugcisa.
Isazisi seSizwe: Umahluko phakathi kweziVumelwano kunye nezinto ezinokwenzeka
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku siye sajongana nemibuzo yesazisi kwimbono ye-halakhic-inkolo. Ngokwembono yentanda-bulumko ngokubanzi, eyona nto iphambili kumdla ikubuntu bobuzwe kungekhona kunqulo. Sele ndiyichazile into yokuba ubuwena besizwe ngokubanzi yinto engacacanga nenzima ukuyichaza. Apha ndiya kugxininisa kakhulu kwiipali ezimbini ezigqithisileyo ngokumalunga nenkcazo yesazisi sesizwe: indlela yokuvuma (i-conventionalist) kunye neyona nto ibalulekileyo (i-essentialist).
Umbuzo wobuzwe kunye nesazisi sesizwe ngumbuzo omtsha kwaye ngokusisiseko wale mihla. Mandulo, ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukahlukeneyo, abantu bebengafane bazibuze ukuba ubuzwe babo buyintoni na nendlela yokubuchaza. Ihlabathi lalizinza ngakumbi, abantu zange benze utshintsho oluninzi kubomi babo, kwaye kwakunganyanzelekanga ukuba bajongane nezazisi zabo kunye nezazisi ezikhuphisanayo. Kuyathandabuzeka ukuba ngaba bekukho uluvo olwahlukileyo lwesazisi sesizwe ezingqondweni zabo, kwaye nokuba bekukho utshintsho kweso sazisi zifike ngokuzenzekela nangokwendalo nangokungazi. Ubuni besizwe bemvelo, bufana nobuntu kunye nosapho olukhankanywe ngasentla. Imvelaphi yonqulo nayo yaba negalelo kumdla, njengoko inkoliso yabantu yayineempawu zonqulo. Kwihlabathi langaphambili kwakukho imbono yokuba ubukumkani sisipho esivela kuThixo kwabo bazalelwe ukuba babe ngookumkani, kwaye ngoko bubuzwe bethu kunye nonqulo lwethu kunye nokunxulumana nabo. Zonke ezi zadalwa kunye nehlabathi ngeentsuku ezintandathu zeGenesis, kwaye zathatyathwa njengesiqhelo kwaye zathatyathwa njengesiqhelo.
Kwixesha langoku, ngokunyuka kobuzwe eYurophu nakwihlabathi ngokubanzi, umbuzo waqala ukudada ngamandla. Ubunzima bokuchaza ubuni besizwe buvelise iimpendulo ezithi ubukhulu becala ziphakathi kweepali ezimbini: eyokuqala yipali yesiqhelo ebona ubuni besizwe njengento esekelwe kwisivumelwano esiphantse sibe ngqongqo. Xa iqela lizibona lingabantu, noko ukuba lihlala ixesha elithile, kuba lingabantu. Imbongi u-Amir Gilboa, ngo-1953, emva kokusekwa kombuso, wayichaza ngolu hlobo: "Ngokukhawuleza umntu uvuka ekuseni kwaye uvakalelwa kukuba ungumntu, kwaye uqala ukuhamba." Enye ipali ziimbono ezibambekayo ezibona isazisi sesizwe njengento yendalo kunye neyakhiwe, kanye njengesazisi somntu. Xa umntu ezibuza ngakumbi malunga nobume bento "yendalo" engathandekiyo, ubuzwe, ukuthandana ngamanye amaxesha kuza kwimetaphysics. Ngokwezi ndlela, ubuzwe bunobukho bemetaphysical ngandlel 'ithile, into efana nombono kaPlato, kwaye abantu abenza isizwe babandakanyiwe kweli qumrhu ngenxa yonxibelelwano lwabo lwemetaphysical kulo. Ihashe ngalinye leleqela lamahashe ngaphandle kwemfuneko yokuchaza ngokucacileyo ukuba yintoni ihashe. Ulihashe nje, yiloo nto ke. Ngokunjalo, wonke umntu waseBelgium ukwiqela laseBelgian ngaphandle kokuzibophelela kuzo naziphi na iinkcazo. Akunjalo nje ngokuba kunzima ukucebisa iinkcazo, kodwa ngenxa yokuba akukho mfuneko. Isazisi sesizwe yingcamango yendalo kanye njengesazisi somntu kunye nosapho.
Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba amazwi ka-Amir Gilboa achaza ukuvuswa kwesizwe ayenokuthi abhalwe ngaphakathi kwesakhelo se-substantive-metaphysical conception, kodwa apha iya kuba kukuvuka kwamava, apho inyani efanayo yemetaphysical eyayikade ilele ngaphambili ingena kwiingqondo zabantu. . Ivuselela kubo kwaye bafuna ukuyiqonda ngokusebenza, kwiimvakalelo eziphathekayo zezopolitiko nezentlalo. Ngokukhawuleza umntu uyaphakama aze azive inyani yemetaphysical (eye yahlala iyinyani) yokuba ungabantu, kwaye uqala ukuhamba. Kwezothando indoda yokuvuswa kwesizwe yavuka ngengqiqo yokuvuka kwi-coma, ngokuchaseneyo nombono ovumelanayo apho wavuka khona utolikwa njengokunyuka ukusuka emhlabeni ukuqalisa ukuhamba. Ingxoxo-mpikiswano imalunga nokuba ukusekwa kukuvuswa okanye ukusekwa.
Isazisi sesizwe: indlela yokuvumelana kunye nenkcazo yayo
Kwicala ekuvunyelwene ngalo lemephu kume abantu abacingayo abafana noBenedict Anderson, kwincwadi yakhe enefuthe Uluntu lwentelekelelo (1983), nabanye abaninzi balandela. Ezi ziyabukhanyela ubukho bomxholo obalulekileyo weengqikelelo ezifana nobuzwe kunye nesazisi sesizwe. Abo banale ndlela babona ubuzwe njengoluhlobo lweentsomi ezingeyomfuneko ezidalwe kwaye ziqaqambise kwiingqondo zamaqela athile kuyo yonke imbali yabo (edla ngokukwabelwana ngayo). Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba oku akuthethi ukuba oku kuvuswa akuvumelekanga, okanye ukuba iimfuno kunye namabango anokujongelwa phantsi. ngokuqinisekileyo akunjalo. Ubuni besizwe bukhona njengenyaniso yezengqondo kwaye ibalulekile ebantwini, kwaye ngenxa yoko abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba ifanelwe intlonipho. Kodwa ngokwenene yinto engafanelekanga. Ukulola intsingiselo yale ndlela, umfundi uya kundixolela ukuba ndinikela iziqendu ezimbalwa kwimicimbi yangoku apha.
Umzekelo ocacileyo wenkqubo yesikolo esivumeleneyo ngumbono kaProf Shlomo Zand. UZand ngumbhali-mbali osuka kwiYunivesithi yaseTel Aviv, owayefudula ekwizangqa zeCompass kwaye engowesangqa sasekhohlo kwaSirayeli. Kwincwadi yakhe ephikisanayo Bayilwa nini yaye njani abantu abangamaYuda? (Wrestling, 2008), uZand ukhethe ukuhlalutya umzekelo ocela umngeni ngokukodwa ithisisi kaBenedict Anderson. Uzama ukubonisa apho ukuba abantu bamaYuda luluntu lwentelekelelo. Lo msebenzi unebhongo ngokukodwa, kuba naluphi na uluvo lwethu malunga nesikhundla sikaAnderson, ukuba kukho umzekelo kwihlabathi (laseNtshona) elihluke kakhulu kwithisisi yakhe ngabantu bamaYuda. Enyanisweni, ngokombono wam (kunye noluvo lwabanye abaninzi) incwadi kaZand inika igama elibi kuphando lwembali, kwaye ngokukodwa iyayijongela phantsi loo mahluko asisiseko kunye nobalulekileyo phakathi kweengcinga kunye nophando lwezemfundo.[5] Kodwa into emvumelayo ukuba enze konke oku kukungacaci kakuhle kwengcamango yesazisi sesizwe.
Ukuba siqhubeka neziganeko zangoku, umzekelo ocacileyo ngokukodwa ovela kwelinye ipali, lowo uqinisekisa kakuhle umbono kaAnderson, ngabantu basePalestina. AmaPalestine ngabantu abasekelwe ngokucacileyo kwisazisi sentelekelelo (ethi ngamanye amaxesha ibandakanye iimbono ezingeyonyani, ezinje ngokuba ngamaFilisti okanye amaKanan ebhayibhile, okanye nakwiminyaka yangaphambili)[6], Idalwe phantse ngaphandle kwanto ngokwemigaqo yembali.
Kunengqiqo ukukhomba apha intsingiselo eqhelekileyo yokuqulunqwa kwemvumelwano. Ekuqaleni kwencwadi yakhe, uZand unikezela le ncwadi: "Esikhumbuzweni sabahlali base-al-Sheikh Mu'anis abaye basuswa kwiindawo ezikude ukusuka apho ndihlala khona kwaye ndisebenza ngoku." Ithoni iyachaza kwaye izolile, kwaye ebusweni bayo ibonakala ingayiboni njengengxaki. Ukuba ubuni besizwe buyinto yentelekelelo ngendalo, ngoko enye ingqikelelo yesazisi ityhala enye. Iza kwaye iyanyamalala. Le yindlela yehlabathi. Ngokutsho kwakhe, ezi zizibakala zengqondo kwaye hayi amaxabiso metaphysical okanye iinyaniso, hayi neenyaniso zembali. Eli lelinye icala lemali yesiqhelo ebona izazisi zesizwe njengentelekelelo.
Isigqibo sesokuba, ukuba ubuni besizwe ngenene sisivumelwano esingenamkhethe, ngoko ke kunokwenziwa izigqibo ezibini (nangona kungeyomfuneko) (nangona kungabi njalo): 1. Amaqumrhu anjalo akanamalungelo okwenene. Izizwe zizidalwa ezingenamqolo, ezingenabomi ngaphandle kweengcinga zabantu. 2. Isazisi sesizwe siyinxalenye yesazisi sabantu abaninzi kwaye enyanisweni akukho nto yimbi yesazisi sesizwe (esiyinyani ngokwenene), ke into yokuba isazisi esicingelwayo ayithethi ukuba amabango kunye namabango amaqumrhu anjalo anokuthi ijongelwe phantsi.
Ngokumangalisayo, uninzi lwabanini bale ndlela bavumela ukuba bayisebenzise ukugxeka isazisi esinye (kwimeko kaZand, umYuda-wamaYuda) kwaye babatyhola ngokufihla indibano yentlalontle engafanelekanga necingelwayo, ukuze sizazi, kwaye Kwangelo xesha linye ukusuka kulo mbono kanye.Olunye uphawu lokucinga (iPalestine, kumzekelo weZand). Ubungenangqondo bugqithiswa ngakumbi kukuba abantu bamaYuda ngokukodwa bangumzekelo ongaphantsi kokuphumelela kwaye abantu basePalestina bangumzekelo ocacileyo wobuzwe obucingelwayo. Ndiya kuphinda kwaye ndigxininise ukuba andizimisele apha ukuxoxa malunga nobudlelwane obufanelekileyo kwibango loluntu olunjalo lokwamkelwa kwezopolitiko, njengoko lo ngumbuzo we-normative-value-political question. Apha ndijongana kuphela nenkcazo yembali-yenkcubeko kunye nokugxeka ukungahambisani kwingxoxo.
Isazisi seSizwe: Indlela eBalulekileyo
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku ndiye ndema kwisiqhelo kunye nemeko eyingxaki yayo. Mhlawumbi kanye ngenxa yobu bunzima, abanye bathatha ingcamango yesazisi sesizwe kwiindawo zemetaphysics. Ukuvuswa kwesizwe eYurophu, kunye nokuvuswa kwesizwe samaYuda okwabonakaliswa kwintshukumo yeZionist kwaye kwaphenjelelwa kakhulu yi-romanticism yesizwe yaseYurophu. Ezi ntshukumo zihlala zivakalisa imo yokuba ubuzwe busekwe kwinto ethile yemetaphysical (abantu, isizwe). Ukubonakaliswa okugqithiseleyo kwale mbono kubonakala kumagama obufasi (kwiJamani kaHitler, iBismarck, namanye amaninzi ngaphambi kwawo, kwanakwiItali yaseGaribaldi nezinye). Ezi zimo zengqondo zabonakaliswa kwingcamango yeTorah ngoRabbi Kook nabafundi bakhe. Ezi zamkela le ngcamango yemetaphysical, zaza zayijika yaba ngundoqo wokholo lwamaYuda. Intlantsi yamaJuda, imfiliba, ifihliwe, iphikwa kwaye icinezelwe, nokuba inokuba yintoni na, yiyo echaza ubuYuda bomntu. Isidima sikaSirayeli kunye nokwahluka kwemvelo kunye nemfuza yawo wonke umYuda, kwaba phantse umlinganiselo okhethekileyo kubuYuda, ngakumbi xa zonke iimpawu zemveli (ukugcinwa) zathi shwaka, okanye zayeka ukuba yidinomineyitha ekuvunyelwene ngayo. "I-Knesset yakwaSirayeli" ijikile isuka kwizafobe ibe yintetho ye-ontological yembono yamaYuda yemetaphysical.
Ndibonisa apha indlela ebambekayo ekuphenduleni enye, kodwa kwi-axis yembali kuyacaca ukuba i-substantive (nangona ingasoloko i-metaphysical) i-conception yandulela ukuqhelekileyo. Ngokwembali, ibiziindlela eziqhelekileyo eziye zavela ukuphendula kwiindlela ezibambekayo. Ukuba indlela ebaluleke kakhulu ichongiwe kunye ne-modernism kunye nokuvuswa kobuzwe, ngoko i-conventionalism yinxalenye ye-post-national "i-critique entsha" echongwa kunye nesikhundla esibizwa ngokuba yi-postmodernism.
I-paradox esisiseko
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku ndichaze iimbono ezimbini ezichaseneyo. Zingqubana phi? Nguwuphi umahluko phakathi kwabo? Ndicinga ukuba kweli nqanaba sikwimeko emangalisayo. Iprayori abo banendlela yesibini, ezona zibalulekileyo, bakhululekile ekufuneni iinkcazo zobuzwe. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, ngokutsho kwabo, nabani na onobudlelwane nombono we-metaphysical (Knesset of Israel) ungumYuda. Nangona kwimpikiswano yokuguqulwa siva ngokuphindaphindiweyo malunga nengxabano "yeMbewu kaSirayeli" njengesiseko sokufuna ukuququzelela inkqubo yokuguqulwa, kwaye akumangalisi ukuba ivela ikakhulu kwizangqa ezikufutshane noRabbi Kook. Yimetaphysics esichaza njengamaYuda, kwaye ke ngoko sikhululekile kwimfuno yeenkcazo zenkqubo. Kwi-metaphysical romantics, isazisi somJuda sisinyani esinamandla esingaxhomekekanga kumxholo, ixabiso, okanye nayiphi na enye inqobo. Kambe ke, abo banesimo sengqondo esinjalo banokukholelwa ukuba wonke umYuda umele agcine imilinganiselo nemithetho yeTorah, kodwa oku akunanto yakwenza nengcaciso yakhe njengomYuda nesazisi sakhe.
Kakade ke, ngokutsho kwengcamango yezinto eziphathekayo-ye-metaphysical, iimpawu ezahlukeneyo zesazisi sesizwe samaYuda zinokuphakanyiswa, kodwa ngokwembono yazo ezi ziimpawu ezihambelanayo, oko kukuthi, azibalulekanga ngenjongo yokuchaza uhlanga. Kwanabo bangazijongiyo bangamaYuda ngenxa yokuba bekwingcamango yamaYuda yemetaphysical. Njengoko kungalindelekanga, umbuzo wesazisi ungaphandle kwingcinga yemveli.
Kwelinye icala, abo banendlela eqhelekileyo, abo bangakholelwayo kwi-metaphysical romance, bafuna iinkcazo ezininzi, iikhrayitheriya kunye neempawu abanokuthi bagwebe ngazo ukuba ngubani na ongowalo le identity yesizwe kwaye ngubani na. Yiyo loo nto bezibuza ukuba kutheni singamaYuda nje. Ukuba ayisiyiyo imetaphysics, yintoni ke? Kodwa abaxhamli besiqhelo abayifumani ingcaciso enjalo ebambekayo, kwaye ke bafika kwiimbono zesazisi esicingelwayo. Uninzi lwazo lwamkela ingcaciso engabonakali ngathi kukuqhubekeka kwendalo kobuntu bamaYuda njengoko kwakubonwa kumawaka eminyaka ngaphambi kwethu. Ukufunda iincwadi zika-Amos Oz, ukuthetha isiHebhere, ukukhonza emkhosini kunye nokuhlawula irhafu efanelekileyo kurhulumente, ukutshutshiswa ngokuBulawa Kwabantu Ngenkohlakalo, kwaye mhlawumbi nokuphefumlelwa yimithombo yeTorah, ziimpawu zobuYuda namhlanje. Kule nto kufuneka kongezwe imbali efanayo kunye nomlibo wokuzalwa. Yinyani kwaye yiyo kuphela eyona nto ibonakalisa amaYuda kwixesha lethu (nangona ingengawo onke). Ukuba kunjalo, ngokombono wabo ubunikazi besizwe bukwaluhlobo lwenyani, kanye njengokuba kwindlela ye-metaphysical, ngaphandle kokuba apha yinyaniso yezengqondo-zembali kwaye kungekhona inyaniso ye-metaphysical.
Imibuzo emibini iphakama ngokunxulumene nendlela yesiqhelo:
- Kungayiphi ingqiqo esenza ukuba oku kuchazwa kobuzwe kuqhubekele phambili nokubonakala kwayo kwangaphambili? Ukuba kuphela isazisi esicingelwayo sisisiseko sokuqhubekeka, ngoko akwanelanga. Kufuneka siqale sichaze iqela kwaye emva koko sinokubuza ukuba zeziphi iimpawu zalo. Kodwa okoko nje iimpawu zingekho singalichaza njani iqela? Lo ngumbuzo ohleli ngaphandle kwesisombululo esanelisayo, kwaye akunakubakho isisombululo esanelisayo kuwo kumfanekiso ovumelanayo. Njengoko kuchaziwe, nabo babambe isikhundla esibalulekileyo abanaso isisombululo kulo mbuzo, ngaphandle nje kokuba abakhathazwa kwaphela yiyo.
- Ngaba ezi ngcaciso ngokwenene "ziyawenza umsebenzi"? Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, ezi nkcazo azikwazi ukumelana nalo naluphi na uvavanyo olubalulekileyo. Cinga ngoseto olucetyiswe ngasentla. Ukuthetha ngolwimi lwesiHebhere ngokuqinisekileyo akuthethi ukuba amaYuda awazi umahluko phakathi, yaye kwelinye icala kukho amaYuda amaninzi angakwaziyo ukuthetha isiHebhere. Nokuba unxibelelwano neBhayibhile alufani naloo nto (ubuKristu buqhagamshelwe ngokunzulu ngakumbi kuyo, kwaye uninzi lwamaYuda aluqhagamshelwanga kuko konke konke). Ukuhlawulwa kweerhafu kunye nenkonzo yasemkhosini ngokuqinisekileyo ayifani namaYuda (amaDruze, ama-Arabhu, abasebenzi abafudukayo kunye nabanye abemi abangengomaYuda benza oku ngokufanelekileyo). Ngokwahlukileyo koko, kukho iqaqobana lamaYuda alungileyo angakwenziyo oko, yaye akukho namnye ubuthandabuzayo ubuYuda bawo. UAmos Oz kunye neBhayibhile zifundwa emhlabeni wonke, nokuba azikho ngolwimi lwantlandlolo. Kwelinye icala, ngaba uncwadi olubhalwe ePoland lunxulumene neBhayibhile lukwanobuYuda? Ngoko ke yintoni eseleyo?
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela apha ukuba ngokuqinisekileyo kukho iimpawu zomlingiswa wamaYuda, njengoko kunokutshiwo ngophawu oluhlangeneyo lwabanye abantu abaninzi. Kodwa iimpawu zomlinganiswa azifani ngokwesizwe. Ngaphezu koko, ukuze sithethe ngophawu lomlinganiswa kufuneka aqale achaze iqela elinikwe lona. Emva koko, kukho abantu abaninzi ehlabathini abanikwe umlingiswa onokuwela phantsi kwenkcazo yomlingiswa wamaYuda, kodwa akukho mntu uya kuthi angamaYuda. Kuphela emva kokuba sazi ukuba ngubani na umYuda, sinokujonga iqela lamaYuda kwaye sibuze ukuba kukho naziphi na iimpawu zomlingiswa ezibabonakalisayo. Kukwakho nembali yamaYuda kunye nemvelaphi efanayo, kodwa ezi zizibakala nje. Kunzima ukubona ixabiso kuzo zonke ezi zinto, kwaye akucaci ukuba kutheni konke oku kubonwa njengengxaki ekhoyo kwaye njengento efuna ukuchazwa. Kuyinyani ukuba uninzi lwamaYuda anemvelaphi efanayo kunye nembali ngandlela ithile. Ke ngoku? Ngaba ikho indawo yebango elivela kumntu ukuba abe ngumYuda, ngokwengqiqo yomlibo wokuzalwa kunye nembali? Ukuba unjalo ngoko unjalo, kwaye ukuba akunjalo, akunjalo.
Ukuba kunjalo, nokuba sivuleleka kakhulu kwaye sibhetyebhetye, kusenzima ukukhomba umnwe kwikhrayitheriya ebukhali yokuba ngubani na ongumYuda wesizwe ngokwexabiso kwindlela yokuvumelana. Mhlawumbi kufuneka samkele indlela eyamkelweyo kuxilongo lwezengqondo (kwaye ngamanye amaxesha nangonyango), ngokubhekiselele ekubeni ubukho bomlinganiselo othile weempawu kuluhlu olunikiweyo buya kwenza inkcazo eyanelisayo yesazisi samaYuda? Njengoko ndibonisile apha ngasentla, kunzima ukubona oku njengomlinganiselo owanelisayo. Ngaba ukho kuthi onokunikela uludwe olunjalo? Ngaba kukho nabani na kuthi onokuchaza ukuba kutheni isithandathu kolu luhlu lweempawu kufuneka, endaweni yesixhenxe okanye ezintlanu? Yaye ngaphezu kwako konke, ngaba lo mgaqo uya kuphumelela ngokwenene ukwahlula phakathi kwamaYuda nabangemaYuda ngendlela enokuthenjwa? Ngokucacileyo akunjalo (jonga imizekelo engentla).
Ngenxa yolu hlobo luyingxaki, uninzi lwabantu abaqhelekileyo babuyela apha kwiindawo ze-halakhic genetics, okuthetha ukuba nabo bafuna isazisi samaYuda kumama. Abanye baya kuyixhoma kwisazela somntu: umYuda ngulowo uzivayo aze avakalise ukuba ungumYuda.[7] Isetyhula eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi kunye nokungabi nanto yale nkcazo ayibakhathazi ngokwenene abantu abaqhelekileyo. Izivumelwano zikulungele ukwamkela nayiphi na indibano, nokuba isesetyhula okanye ayinantsingiselo nanini na. Ukuba semthethweni kwayo kungenxa yokuba bavumelana ngayo. Kodwa kulindeleke ukuba uluntu lwentelekelelo luya kuvuma ukuseka ubuni balo kwiikhrayitheriya zokucinga. Ngaphaya kwazo zonke ezi ngxoxo, isezinyani okanye iingxoxo ezingento, ezingayichaziyo ingxaki ekhoyo malunga nalo mba.
URabi uShach kwintetho yakhe ecatshulwe ngasentla uhlasela inkcazo yobuJuda, kwaye ukwenza oko ngokwemigaqo ye-halakhic. Ibonisa ngokusisiseko uhlobo lwendawo ebambekayo, kodwa hayi i-metaphysical (isazisi sesizwe malunga nokuzibophelela kumaxabiso athile). I-Wikipedia 'Intetho Yemivundla kunye neeHagu' ichaza indlela uRebbe waseLubavitch aphendule ngayo kwintetho yemivundla kaRabhi Shach ngolu hlobo:
ULubavitcher Rebbe', Indawo yePlugata KaRabhi uShaki iminyaka emininzi, waphendula intetho ngentetho yakhe, awayinikelayoiSabatha Emva koko kwi-beit midrash yakhe. URebbe wathi akukho mntu uvumelekileyo ukuba athethe kakubi ngabantu bamaYuda. Imbono yamaJuda yeyokuba “uSirayeli, nangona isono sikaSirayeli siseso,” abantwana bakwaSirayeli “bangonyana okuphela kwakhe” Zonke Nalowo uthetha ekugwetyweni, abe njengalowo uthetha umgwebo kaThixo; Wonke umYuda kufuneka ancediswe ukugcina yonke into Imiyalelo Unqulo, kodwa aluyihlaseli nangayiphi na indlela. URebbe wachaza abantu bexesha lakhe ngokuthi "iUdim igutyungelwe ngumlilo", kwaye "Iintsana ezithinjiweyo", Ukuba bangabi nakubekwa tyala ngolwazi lwabo nesimo sengqondo ngakumaYuda.
Lo ngumzekelo wokusabela kohlobo lwe-metaphysical. Kwelinye icala, owayesakuba ngumongameli ngelo xesha, uHaim Herzog, wavakalisa impendulo yesiqhelo kumazwi kaRabhi Shach, xa wayezibuza ukuba ubuYuda bee-kibbutzniks zeKubilnik kunye namabanjwa aseka urhulumente kwaye asebenza emkhosini ngokuzinikela okukhulu. wabuza. Ke uRabhi Shach ulungiselela ntoni? Akayamkeli i-metaphysics, kwaye akazimisele ukuba ngumntu oqhelekileyo. Ngaba kukho inketho yesithathu?
Ngaba iikhonsepthi ezingachazekiyo azikho?
Isigqibo esicacileyo sesokuba ingcamango yobuzwe bamaYuda ayinakuchazwa. Kuyenzeka ngokuqinisekileyo ukunika iinkcazo ezahlukeneyo, ngamnye ngokwenqanaba lakhe lokuyila, kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo akunakwenzeka ukuvumelana ngenkcazo, kwaye ubuncinci kumaqela amaninzi ababonakali bengabakhupheli ngaphandle abo bangahambelaniyo nenkcazo yabo. wonke uSirayeli (logama nje unina engumYuda). Ngaba oku kuthetha ukuba umntu onjalo yintelekelelo, nto leyo ethetha ukuba akakho ngokwenene umYuda? Ngaba ekuphela kwenketho yemetaphysics okanye ihalakhic formalism yingxelo? Andiqinisekanga.
Lo mbuzo usisa kwiindawo zefilosofi ukuba akukho ndawo yokungena apha, ngoko ke ndiza kuzama ukubamba nje ngokufutshane. Sisebenzisa amagama amaninzi angacacanga, njengobugcisa, ukuba nengqiqo, inzululwazi, idemokhrasi nokunye. Nangona kunjalo njengoko sisondela ekuchazeni ingcamango enjalo sidibana neengxaki ezifana nezi zichazwe apha. Abaninzi baphetha ngokusuka koku ukuba ezi ngcamango ziyintelekelelo, kwaye bade bakhe ngeenxa zonke kuyo ibhotwe elihle lasemva kwesimanje (uqhagamshelwano oluqikelelwayo kuRabhi Shagar alukho ngengozi). Umzekelo ocacileyo wale ncwadi kaGidiyon Ofrat, Inkcazo yobugcisa, Ngubani onikezela ngeenkcazo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zengcamango yobugcisa kwaye uyawagatya, ade ekugqibeleni afike kwisigqibo sokuba ubugcisa buyinto eboniswa kwimyuziyam (!). Kwelinye icala, uRobert M. Piersig, kwincwadi yakhe yonqulo Zen kunye nobugcisa bokugcina isithuthuthu, Ichaza uhambo olufuziselayo lukanjingalwazi we-rhetoric ogama linguPhydros, okwiphulo lokuchaza ingqikelelo yomgangatho. Ngaxa lithile ufumana ukukhanyiselwa, egqiba kwelokuba intanda-bulumko yamaGrike ibangele ukuba sicinge ukuba yonke ingcamango kufuneka ibe nenkcazo, kwaye ingcamango ngaphandle kwenkcazo ayikho (icingelwa). Kodwa ingcamango efana nomgangatho mhlawumbi ayinakuchazwa, kwaye nangona kunjalo uyala ukwamkela isigqibo sokuba ngumbono ongenawo umxholo wokwenyani. Indibano nje. Kucacile ukuba kukho unxibelelwano olusemgangathweni kwaye kukho abanye abangenalo. Ngomlinganiselo ofanayo, kukho imisebenzi yobugcisa kwaye kukho imisebenzi yexabiso eliphantsi lobugcisa. Isiphelo sesokuba iikhonsepthi ezinjengomgangatho, okanye ubugcisa, nangona kunzima kwaye mhlawumbi akunakwenzeka ukuchazwa, zisekhona. Akuyomfuneko ukuba zicingelwe.
Kubonakala ngathi ibango elifanayo linokwenziwa kwimeko yesazisi sesizwe. Umntu unokwamkela ithisisi ebalulekileyo yokuba kukho isazisi sesizwe ngaphandle kwesidingo semetaphysics. Isazisi sesizwe sineempawu ezahlukeneyo kwaye kunzima ukunika inkcazo ngayo, kwaye noko akuyomfuneko malunga neengcinga okanye iindibano, kwaye akukho mfuneko malunga nemetaphysics. Inokuba yingcamango yokwenyani ye-amorphous enzima okanye engenakwenzeka ukuyichaza. Kum kubonakala ngathi ingcaciso ebambekayo efanayo iphantsi kwengcamango kaRabhi Shach (nangona ephakamisa inkcazo ye-halakhic, kwaye engawamkeli ukwenzeka kwenkcazo yesizwe). Uxoxa ukuba kukho inkcazo ebalulekileyo yesazisi sobuJuda, kunye neemfuno zamabango abantu asekelwe kuwo. Kwelinye icala, akayiboni imetaphysics njengenye indlela eyanelisayo. Mna ke, andithandi ukucinga njalo. Ngaphandle kwemetaphysics andiboni ukuba umntu anokuthetha njani ngequmrhu lesizwe ngokwendlela ye-ontological. Kodwa kum kuyacaca ukuba abaninzi abavumelani nam kule nto.
Izigqibo
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku ifilosofi. Kodwa ngoku kuza umbuzo olandelayo: Kutheni le nto konke oku kubalulekile? Kutheni le nto sifanele sichaze, okanye side sizame ukuqonda, ubuYuda? Impendulo yam kukuba ayinamsebenzi kwaphela. Akukho ziphumo zichaphazela lo mbuzo, kwaye ubukhulu becala ngumba wohlalutyo lobukrelekrele (udla ngokuba ludlolo, kwaye mhlawumbi ungenanto yomxholo). Ukuba ndingona kwi-psychology yesitulo se-armchair, ukukhangela isazisi samaYuda yimbonakaliso yokuzinikela kwinkolo yamaYuda kunye nembali ngaphandle kokuzimisela ukuzisebenzisa. Abantu bajonge ezinye iindlela kwisazisi esasikade sinkolo, ukuze bazive bengamaYuda emva kokuchithwa kwesazisi kunye nokuzibophelela kwezenkolo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kuyilwa imibuzo emitsha kunye neengcamango ezintsha, kwaye kwenziwa umgudu omkhulu nolilize wokuziqondwa.
Ngokombono wam, akukho ndlela yokuxoxa ngengxoxo ehlakaniphile malunga nobunikazi bamaYuda, kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo ungafikeleli kwizigqibo malunga nayo, engabalulekanga ngokwenene. Ukuba yingqungquthela ngoko kutheni niphikisana ngezivumelwano. Ngamnye uya kusayina izivumelwano ezibonakala kuye. Ukuba yimetaphysics, andiboni ukuba ifikeleleka njani kwingxoxo-mpikiswano kunye nengxoxo. Kwaye nokuba siyayamkela ingqikelelo ebambekayo yesazisi sesizwe samaJuda (ngokuchasene ne-halakhic) yesazisi, oku kwakhona akufikeleleki kwiinkcazo, ukuxoxa, kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo ayisisigqibo esivunyelweneyo. Ezi ziziphakamiso ze-semantic, ezininzi zazo ezingenasiseko, kwaye ezinye zingenanto ngokupheleleyo kumxholo, okanye azilumeli uvavanyo lwako nakuphi na ukuba nengqiqo. Ngaphezu koko, njengoko ndibonisile, konke oku akunantsingiselo ebonakalayo. Le yimizabalazo yabantu ngokwasengqondweni kunye nabo, kwaye akukho okunye.
Le ngxoxo ingeyomfuneko nengabalulekanga ngoku isetyenziswa ikakhulu ukuhlaba umchasi. Nabani na ofuna ukukhuthaza iingcamango zobusoshiyali - usichazela sonke ukuba ubuYuda buhlala bunontlalontle, kwaye nabani na ongenjalo akangomYuda. Abanye abanomdla kwiingcamango zomkhosi bakwabonisa ubuYuda nobuYuda. Kunjalo ke ngedemokhrasi, ukulingana, ubungxowankulu, inkululeko, ukungafihli nto, ukunyanzeliswa, uthando nobubele, ubulungisa bentlalo, nazo zonke ezinye izinto ezixabisekileyo eziphakamileyo. Ngamafutshane, ubuYuda bukukhanya kwabeeNtlanga, kodwa imo yoko kukhanya ngokusisiseko ayinakuphikiswa kwaye ayinazigqibo. Ngokungafaniyo nezinye iimpikiswano, ezinokuba ziindlela zokucacisa nezinokuba nexabiso elithile kuyo, impikiswano ephathelele ubuYuda ngokomgaqo ayicombululeki yaye ayibalulekanga nangayiphi na indlela.
Inye into ecace gca: akukho nalunye kolu luhlu lwemilinganiselo (ubusoshiyali, impi, ubulungisa kwezentlalo, ukulingana, inkululeko, njl.njl.), okanye naliphi na elinye ixabiso, elinokwenza into ebalulekileyo, eyimfuneko okanye eyaneleyo kwingcaciso Isazisi somYuda. Nabani na okholelwa kuyo nayiphi na kwezi xabiso okanye kuyo nayiphi na indibaniselwano yazo unokuba ngumntu onobubele kuzo zonke iimbono kunye nokungathandabuzekiyo. Akukho nto ibangela ukuba ube yintlanga ye-socialist, ukukhuthaza ukulingana okanye inkululeko, i-militarist okanye hayi. Ke ngoko, zonke ezi aziyiyo inqobo efanelekileyo yesazisi samaYuda, nokuba kwenzeka into engakholelekiyo (kwaye ungoyiki, mhlawumbi ayizukwenzeka) kwaye umntu uya kuba nakho ukungqina ngokwesithethe samaJuda kunye nemithombo ukuba enye yezi yinxalenye ye. inkqubo yolu phawu.
Ubunjalo bamaYuda kwixesha lethu
Isigqibo sesokuba impikiswano ngobuzwe belizwe ililize kwaye ayinaxabiso. Njengoko besele ndikhankanyile, kukwanjalo ngokunxulumene nobuni benkolo. Nabani na ozelwe ngumama ongumYuda okanye oguqule ngokufanelekileyo kufuneka agcine imiyalelo yeTorah kunye namazwi ezilumko kwaye angenzi izikreqo. yiyo leyo. Iinkcazo zomntu, isazisi sakhe, kunye neminye imifuno, yinto ephantsi, kwaye ibe yengqondo, i-metaphysical, i-conventional, okanye mhlawumbi i-amorphous (engenakuchazwa) enye ye-amorphous. Zonke izinto ezinokwenzeka zinokulunga, ngoko ke akukho sizathu sokuxoxa ngazo.
Makhe sihlolisise unokuba yintoni umphumo wengxubusho enjalo? Ngaba umntu uya kuziva anelisekile kukuba engumYuda olungileyo? Ukuziva ulungile ngumbandela kwiisayikholojisti. Iingxoxo malunga nokuba ungubani kwingqiqo yexabiso ziyinkqantosi kunye nesemantics engenanto, kwaye ke ngoko akuyomfuneko. Ukuba impembelelo yekhonkrithi inikezelwa esinomdla ekuchazeni isazisi, ngoko kuya kwenzeka (mhlawumbi) ukuxoxa ngemibuzo efanelekileyo malunga nayo. Kodwa okoko nje kuyingxoxo ngokubanzi, wonke umntu uya kuchaza ubuYuda babo njengoko benqwenela. Nangona enye ilungile kwaye enye iphosakele, lo mbuzo awufanele ube nomdla nakubani na, ngaphandle kwabaphandi abambalwa bezemfundo abaphila ngokuhlalutya kwe-semantic. Kwelinye icala, ndingubani mna ukuba ndingaphazamisana nalo mzamo wobugorha nolilize? I-Sisyphus ikwayinxalenye yesazisi sethu senkcubeko…[8]
[1] Eldad Beck waseJamani, YNET, 1.2.2014.
[2] Inkqubo yokungabi nankolo iphakamisa imiba yesazisi senkolo (ngaba ithetha iProtestanti, yamaSilamsi, okanye yamaKatolika, eyehlabathi?).
[3] Ukuba sijongene neenkcazo, ngoko uhlobo lwe-mitzvos ekuthethwa ngalo kunye nokukhuthaza ukugcinwa kwabo kubaluleke kakhulu. Kwanokuba umthetho ufuna ukuziphatha okuhle, akunakwenzeka ukuba ubuchaze ubuYuda ngolu hlobo ekubeni buqhelekile kubo bonke abantu behlabathi. Nkqu ne-mitzvot efana nokuhlaliswa kwe-Eretz Yisrael, engeyiyo imo yokuziphatha, ayinakuchaza isazisi samaYuda esingokwenkolo, kuba ikhona nakwabo bangazichaziyo njengenxalenye yenkolo yamaYuda, kuba kwiimeko ezininzi impembelelo. ngokuba ubukho bazo buphuma ndaweni-nye.
[4] Nangona uguqulo lukwayinkqubo yona ngokwayo eyimpikiswano njengeminye imiba ye-halakhic, yanele kwiimfuno zethu.
[5] Oku akuzange kuthintele ukuba incwadi iguqulelwe kwiilwimi ezingamashumi amabini kwaye iphumelele iimbasa kwihlabathi jikelele.
[6] Khawubone, ucaphula ileta kaEldad Beck ecatshulwe ngasentla.
[7] Eyona nto ndiyikhumbulayo, owayengumongameli ngelo xesha, uHaim Herzog, ekuphenduleni kwakhe intetho yomvundla, kunye nabanye abaninzi ukuza kuthi ga namhlanje, bakhankanye le "nqobo." Nabani na onovakalelo olusengqiqweni uyamangaliswa sesi siganeko sibangel’ umdla. Sifuna ukuchaza ingcamango yamaYuda, kwaye senze ngale ndlela ilandelayo: yonke into enokuthi ibekwe endaweni ye-X kwifomathi elandelayo: "X owaziva u-X" kwaye inkcazo iphuma yinyaniso, ingamaYuda. Ngokwale nkcazo, nasiphi na isidalwa esizaziyo esingazixokiyo singumYuda (jonga iqela lokubeka).
[8] Kungenzeka ukuba kufuneka siqonde kwakhona isigqibo sikaGidiyon Ofrat ngasentla. Mhlawumbi akathethi ukuba akukho nto injengobugcisa, kodwa ugqiba nje ukuba ingxoxo ngayo ayiyomfuneko kwaye ayinasiqhamo.


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Ngokophando lwe-Instititut für Druckmaschinen und Druckverfahren (IDD) yeYunivesithi yaseDamstadt eJamani, iziphumo zebhubhoratri zibonisa ukuba umgca wokusika ngesandla ufuna abantu ababini ukuba bagqibe yonke inkqubo yokusika, kwaye malunga ne-80% yexesha elichithwayo. ukuthutha iphepha ukusuka kwiphalethi ukuya kwisiphakamisi.Emva koko, ngenxa yokuphatha ngesandla kwiibhetshi, iphepha likwimeko enqabileyo, ngoko ke inkqubo eyongezelelweyo yokubaleka ngephepha iyafuneka.Le nkqubo idinga ixesha elithile lokuhlela iphepha.Ngaphezu koko, ixesha lokubaleka kwephepha lichatshazelwa zizinto ezahlukeneyo ezifana nobume bephepha, ubunzima bephepha, kunye nohlobo lwephepha.Ngaphezu koko, ukufaneleka komzimba wabaqhubi kuvavanywa kakhulu.Ngomhla womsebenzi weeyure ze-8, i-80% yexesha lisetyenziselwa ukuphatha umsebenzi, kunye neeyure ze-6 zosuku ngumsebenzi onzima wezandla.Ukuba ifomathi yephepha inkulu, ukuqina kwabasebenzi kuya kuba phezulu ngakumbi.
Kubalwa ngokwesantya sokushicilela i-offset kwisantya se-12,000 sheets ngeyure (qaphela ukuba i-offset presses yezityalo zokushicilela zasekhaya zisebenza ngokusisiseko 7X24), isantya sokusebenza somgca wokusika ngesandla malunga ne-10000-15000 sheets / iyure.Ngamanye amazwi, abasebenzi ababini abanezakhono ngokwentelekiso kufuneka basebenze bengayeki ukuze bahambisane nesantya sokushicilela somatshini weoffset.Ke ngoko, izityalo zasekhaya zoshicilelo ngokuqhelekileyo zamkela abasebenzi abaninzi, ukuqina okuphezulu, kunye nokusebenza kwexesha elide labasiki bephepha ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zomsebenzi wokushicilela.Oku kuya kuvelisa iindleko ezininzi zabasebenzi kunye nomonakalo onokwenzeka wabasebenzi kumqhubi.
Ukwazi le ngxaki, iqela loyilo lweGuowang laqala ukuququzelela imikhosi yobugcisa kwi-2013 kwaye ibeka injongo malunga nendlela yokunqoba i-80% yexesha lokuphatha.Ngenxa yokuba isantya somsiki wephepha siphantse saqiniswa, kwanesona sisiki samaphepha siphezulu kwimarike ngamaxesha angama-45 ngomzuzu.Kodwa indlela yokushiya i-80% yexesha lokuphatha ininzi yokwenza.Inkampani ibeka lo mgca wokusika wexesha elizayo ube ngamacandelo amathathu:
1st : indlela yokukhupha iphepha ngokucocekileyo kwimfumba yephepha
2nd: Thumela iphepha elisusiweyo kumsiki wephepha
Owesithathu: Beka iphepha elisikiweyo kakuhle kwipalethi.
Inzuzo yalo mgca wemveliso kukuba i-80% yexesha lokuthutha i-cutter yephepha liphantse lihambe, endaweni yoko, umqhubi ugxininisa ukusika.Inkqubo yokusika iphepha ilula kwaye iyasebenza, isantya siye sanda ngokumangalisayo ngamaxesha angama-4-6, kwaye amandla okuvelisa afikelele kumaphepha angama-60,000 ngeyure.Ngokutsho komatshini wokushicilela weoffset ngesantya esingama-12 000 amaphepha ngeyure, umgca omnye kumntu ngamnye unokwanelisa umsebenzi wokushicilela aba-4 beoffset.
Xa kuthelekiswa nomthamo wabantu ababini odlulileyo wemveliso wamaphepha angama-10,000 ngeyure, lo mgca wemveliso ugqibe umtsi kwimveliso kunye ne-automation!
Iinkcukacha zenkqubo yokusika:
Umgca wokusika we-othomathikhi wokutya ngasemva uhlukaniswe ngamacandelo amathathu: i-automatic intelligent picker, i-high-speed programmable paper cutter, kunye ne-automatic paper unloading machine.Yonke imisebenzi inokugqitywa ngumntu omnye kwisikrini sokuchukumisa sephepha lokusika.
Okokuqala, kunye ne-paper cutter njengeziko, ngokuhambelana nokuhlelwa kwendawo yokusebenzela, umlayishi wephepha kunye nephepha lokukhuphela lingasasazwa ngasekhohlo nasekunene ngexesha elinye okanye ngokwahlukileyo.Umqhubi ufuna kuphela ukutyhala isitaki sokusika iphepha kwicala lomthwalo wephepha ngetroli ye-hydraulic, kwaye emva koko ubuyele kumatshini wokusika iphepha, cinezela iqhosha lomthwalo wephepha, kwaye umkhethi wephepha uya kuqala ukusebenza.Okokuqala, sebenzisa intloko yoxinzelelo lwe-pneumatic ukucinezela iphepha ukusuka phezulu kwi-stack yephepha ukuze ugweme i-stack yephepha ekutshintsheni ngexesha lenkqubo yokukhetha iphepha.Emva koko iqonga elixhotyiswe ngerola yerabha ejikelezayo kwelinye icala ligcina ibhanti elithe tyaba kwi-engile ethambekele kancinane kwaye liyancipha ngaphambi kokuba lifudukele kwikona yemfumba yephepha, lize lihle liye kumphakamo wephepha obekwe yikhompyutha.Iliso le-photoelectric linokulawula ngokuchanekileyo ubude.Uze uye phambili kancinci de uchukumise isitaki sephepha.I-roller yerabha ejikelezayo inokwahlula isitaki sephepha ukuya phezulu ngaphandle komonakalo, kwaye emva koko ifake iqonga lilonke leqonga kwisipaki sephepha malunga ne-1/4 ngesantya esijikelezayo sendalo, emva koko i-pneumatic clamp iya kuthi ibambe isitaki sephepha esifuna ukuba ikhutshiwe.Khulula intloko yoxinzelelo ecinezele isitaki sonke sephepha ngaphambili.Iqonga liqengqeleka kwimfumba yephepha yonke kwakhona ngesantya sendalo.Emva koko iqonga lihamba kancinane lisiya ngasemva kwisisiki sephepha lide libe lingqiyame ngokupheleleyo kwicala letafile yokusebenza emva komsiki wephepha.Ngeli xesha, umsiki wephepha uvala umcholi wephepha kwaye i-baffle yangasemva iyawa ngokuzenzekelayo, kwaye umcholi wephepha utyhala isipaki sephepha eqongeni.Ngena ngasemva kwephepha lokusika, i-baffle iphakama, kwaye emva koko i-paper cutter pusher ityhala iphepha ngaphambili ngokweprogram emiselweyo, ekulungele ukuba umqhubi athathe.Emva koko i-paper cutter iqala ukusebenza.Umsebenzi ujikeleza ngokufanelekileyo iphepha kathathu kwi-worktable-cushion worktable, usika onke amacala amane emfumba yephepha ngokucocekileyo, kwaye alityhalele kwiqonga elilungisiweyo lokukhulula iphepha.Usothuli wephepha uya kuhambisa ngokuzenzekelayo imfumba yephepha.Khulula kwiphalethi.Inkqubo yokusika enye igqityiwe.Xa i-paper cutter isebenza, i-paper picker isebenza ngexesha elifanayo.Emva kokukhupha iphepha eliza kunqunyulwa, linda ukuba iphepha lisikwe uze ulityhale kwi-paper cutter kwakhona.Umsebenzi wokubuyisela.
Ukuba ucinga ukuba ingcaciso yinde kakhulu, jonga le vidiyo:
>Izixhobo zeperiphery zomgca wokusika iphepha
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-02-2021


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This is why it is better to sell wool on the formal market
XHOSA: KUBALULEKE NGANTONI UKUTHENGISA IMVELISO YOBOYA KUBATHENGI BOKWENENE
By XL Nyamela, NWGA Production Advisor
The importance of marketing wool through the formal market (auction) is a key component of prosperity. The involvement of stakeholders such as the National Woolgrowers’ Association of SA (NWGA), commercial breeders and government, who provides funding, to train and develop communal farmers to produce a quality product that is market ready for export is of critical importance to enhance the volume of the South African clip.
However, many farmers are challenged by the exploitation of wool speculators who buy their wool at low prices. With this article, the production advisor encourages communal farmers to take part in the formal wool market, which ensures good income and profit.
Iigusha zonke zombathiswe buboya kodwa ayizizo zonke iigusha zoboya, sinegusha ezidalelwe ukuvelisa uboya,inyama kunye namafele. Zonke ke ezigusha ekugqibeleni sifumana iinyama kuzo kongwahlukeneyo ngemveliso zazo.
UPHUHLISO LOBOYA
Njengombutho okhuthaza abafuyi basezilalini ukuphuhlisa imveliso yoboya,U Natioal wool growers Association edibene nekomiti zephondo bacela kuRhulumente wephondo kwisebe LeZolimo langoko(2004) ukungenelela ekuphuhliseni imihlambi ngokutshintshisa ngeenkunzi zegusha ukuze kuphucuke igazi-mfuza(genetic improvement). Lo nkqubo iyenzile inkqubela kakhulu kumafama ethu asezilalini anemihlambi edibana nabantu abafuye nje . Asemaninzi amafama angekangeni kulombutho anegusha ezihamba nje zingahoyekanga zisosulela ezinye ngebhula kuba bengalazi ixabiso loboya.
BUTHENGISWA NJANI UBOYA
Abafuyi sicela badibane kwindawo abahlala kuzo bazenzele umbutho wabafuyi beegusha kuphela ukuze bafundiswe ngendlela yokulawula umbutho lowo. Ngokwendawo zasezilalini sinawo amagosa akwaNWGA asebenza ncakasana ngegusha. Phambi kokuba buthengiswe uboya kufune buhlelwe ngokobunjani babo. Okokuqala iigusha uzihlela ungekazichebi ukuze uzazi zingaphi iigusha zoboya okanye ezinoboya.
Wakuqalisa ukucheba ubuhlela uboya ngokwendawo obusuka kuyo egusheni umzekelo uboya besisu bubekwa bodwa ngokufana kwabo(BP or CBP),uBoya Bomqolo nabo ubuhlula ngokufana kwabo(BKS1 BKS2 or BKS). Kuthatyathwa ubunzima boboya bomntu ngamnye ngokokuhlelwa kwabo bubhalwe phantsi ukuze budityaniswe ebhalini nobabanye abantu kodwa uboya obufanyo ngento yonke ukuze ibhali livalwe xa lisenza ubunzima obuphakathi ko120kgs -180kgs kuboya bomzimba(fleece wool). Bakuqgiba abafuyi ukuhlohla babiza isigadla esithutha uboya silayishe ubuya babo buye entengisweni eBhayi apho bufikela kwivenkile ezigcina uboya zilungiselela abathengi abasuka phesheya kwezilwandle. Ixabiso loboya lixelwa yimakethe nemveliso oyithumeleyo , baninzi abantu abalubonayo olushishino loboya njengendlela yokuphila nemali abayifumanayo iyabancedisa ekuphuhliseni imihlambi yabo ngokuzithengela iinkunzi bazenzele nemikhukhu yokuchebela xa bengekalufumani uncedo. Uboya buthengiswa ngenkqubo yokhuphiswano lwabathengi (auction system)
OONOVENI (SPECULATORS)
Abantu abahamba bethatha uboya babantu besithi bayabuthenga ngabakhuthuzi abayekiweyo bezihluthisa ngegazi labantu bethu, Kukho nabahamba bechebela abantu bathi musa ukubhatala baza kuthatha uboya bayakuqhatha abobantu bakwenza umalusi wabo, bonke uboya busiwa eBhayi nawe ungazisela uboya bakho ngokudibana nabanye abafuyi nichebe kunye nindibanise. Oonothenga abanakuze bakunike ixabiso lemakethe kuba nabo bajonge indzuzo.
UNCEDAKALA NJANI
Kwidolophu nganye eMpuma Koloni kukho igosa elisebenzela u NWGA elinokukunceda uphume koludaka ukulo lokuqhatwa ngabantu ngemfuyo yakho. Sisebenzisana namagosa esebe lezolimo kunye namaqurhu anjongene nentengiso boya. Lixesha elinzima eli kubavelisi boya apho bohluthelwa iigusha ngamasela abuye aye kuqhekeza ezishedini ncedani mafama gadani iishedi nibe nenombolo zempolisa elinokuninceda xa efikile amasela kuba afika exhobile. Ndiniqwenelela ixesha elimnandi lentengiso neKrismesi emnandi nangona ixabiso libonakala beliqale ngexabiso eliphantsi


text: Isishwankathelo Iinkcukacha ezikhawulezayo Indawo yeMvelaphi: I-Hebei, i-China phawu: intuthuzelo ethambileyo, ukufunxa okukhulu kunye nokuma ngokukhawuleza, i-AZO yasimahla. Iitekhnoloji: Imilo eyolukiweyo: Ubungakanani besikwere: 70x140cm, 28 × 56 i-intshi Ubunzima: 300-550gsm okanye Izinto ezenziwe ngokwezifiso: I-100% yomqhaphu okanye i-Advantage eyenziwe ngokwezifiso: ukuziva velor okuthambileyo, ukusetyenziswa kwedayi eprintiweyo: ulwandle, ibhafu, ishawa, izipho, uvavanyo lweengubo zomntwana : Azo & Formaldehyde simahla MOQ: iiPC ezingama-500 ilogo yesiqhelo: eprintiweyo okanye efekethisiweyo okanye iJacquard ...


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Namhlanje, umongameli weqela le-Planeta kunye nejaji ye Imbasa yePlanethi 2018 batyhile iyelenqe le Iinoveli ezili-10 zokugqibela kwinkomfa yoonondaba ebibanjelwe ePalacio de San Pau, apho bekukho i-Actualidad Literatura.
Kulo nyaka u-2018, umxholo weenoveli zokugqibela uthathe indawo ebalulekileyo emva kwamahlelo angama-65 oMvuzo wePlaneta. INoveli yezeMbali kunye neMfazwe yamakhaya inika kulo nyaka iinoveli ezinabantu ababhinqileyo. Kokugqibela kwabo balishumi bokugqibela sifumana iinoveli zabacuphi bazo zonke iintlobo (ezihlekisayo, ezinesayensi, ezengqondo nezembali) kunye neentsomi zesayensi kunangaphambili. Zikho ke iinoveli zokugqibela:
Index
- 1 Sala kakuhle, nguSandra Glaser (isibizo)
- 2 Ubundlobongela besini sikaPaulina Ayerza (isibizo)
- 3 Ukujonga isibhakabhaka esithuleyo, ngu-Elena Francis (isiteketiso)
- 4 Ukunyuka, nguJames Sussex (isibizo)
- 5 Ubugcisa bokubaleka, nguDaniel Tordera.
- 6 I-Cherry Tree Shadow, ngu-Ariane Onna (isibizo)
- 7 Abalahlekileyo, nguMaría Díez García
- 8 Umlingane kaHatshepsut (isiteketiso)
- 9 UAngela nguLeticia Conti Falcone
- 10 Umthandi Womhlolokazi Omnyama, nguRay Collins (isiteketiso)
Sala kakuhle, nguSandra Glaser (isibizo)
Isaga yosapho ekhawulezayo. Ibali lomzabalazo, ukoyisa kunye nokusinda kwizizukulwana ezithathu zabafazi abaphuma kusapho olunye, abaqhutywa bubudenge yindoda engenanceba, nalapho umbalisi azama ukuqonda elidlulileyo lakhe ukuze adibanise nezinto ezikhoyo ngoku.
Ubundlobongela besini sikaPaulina Ayerza (isibizo)
Inoveli ekreqayo, enamabali athandana namanye kunye nesiphelo esothusayo Emva kokufunda ngokusweleka kowasetyhini owayekade eluthando olukhulu kuye, umzobi waseArgentina owayehlala eParis ubalisa ngeenzima awayekuzo kunye nobudlelwane obunzima bolawulo kunye nokwaliwa ekuhlaleni okwasekwa phakathi kwaba babini.
Ukujonga isibhakabhaka esithuleyo, ngu-Elena Francis (isiteketiso)
Inzululwazi ye-Sci-fi. Ukukhanya okungummangaliso, apho izazinzulu zingafumani nkcazo, kuvela esibhakabhakeni. Nangona kunjalo, iziphumo ziya kubonakala kungekudala: abantu abahlukeneyo kwihlabathi liphela baqala ukwabelana ngememori, baphathwe kakubi kwaye banxibelelane nobomi.
Ukunyuka, nguJames Sussex (isibizo)
Ukunyuka okumangalisayo komfazi kwihlabathi lamadoda egxile kumzabalazo wamandla ezopolitiko kwaye abacinga ukuba ubunkokeli bobabo kuphela. I-protagonist iya kusebenza ngobuchule ukufezekisa iinjongo zayo.
Ubugcisa bokubaleka, nguDaniel Tordera.
I-Sci-fi dystopia apho abantu abane abadala ababaziyo bavuka kwigumbi elivaliweyo elinebhokisi enye kuphela. Ngaphakathi, umpu, iimbumbulu ezintathu kunye nenowuthi eyazisa ukuba inye kuphela yazo eya kusinda, kufuneka bavume, bathathe isigqibo sokuba ngoobani abaza kuphila bazibulale ngokulandelayo.
I-Cherry Tree Shadow, ngu-Ariane Onna (isibizo)
Kwidolophu yelizwe laseFrance iBasque, kwenzeka into eyoyikisayo wonke umntu: Yintoni enokuthi ikhokele umfazi obonakala onwabile ukuba aphelise ubomi bakhe kunye nentombi yakhe engaphezulu nje konyaka? Le yimfihlakalo umbalisi aya kuzama ukuyityhila, engena ekuxineni kunye nesithukuthezi esiquka ukuba ngumama.
Abalahlekileyo, nguMaría Díez García
Ibali labalinganiswa ababini abachasayo abanqumlayo kunye nabadibanisayo ngaphandle kwabo bengazi. Yena, indoda eyabethwayo ngumsebenzi kwaye ngubani, ngaphandle komsebenzi wakhe oyingqayizivele, okhokelela kubomi obuqhelekileyo; yena, umcuphi wabucala ojolise ekungathembekini nasekuphandeni ityala lokubulala.
Umlingane kaHatshepsut (isiteketiso)
Inoveli yomcuphi. IValencia, S. XVI: Umfazi ufumana ikhowudi yokuqala ye-chess yanamhlanje. ENew York, inkulungwane yama-XNUMX: ugqirha ubandakanyeka ekukhangeleni le codex. Uphando luya kumsa eValencia, apho aya kufumanisa khona ubumnyama bakhe bangaphambili kunye nexesha lakhe elimnyama.
UAngela nguLeticia Conti Falcone
Umbhali owaziwayo uphuma kuhlobo oluqhelekileyo kunye nenoveli yolwaphulo-mthetho kaRaymond Chandler. Ukufa komntu osemncinci wase-Uruguay, ozinikezele ekulungiseni izicatshulwa kunye nokubhala amabali amnyama, kwenza ukuba umkhomishina uPiedrahita abuyele kwisenzo, efumanisa ukuba lo mfazi wayenetyhefu. Kodwa ngubani owayenesizathu sokumbulala?
Umthandi Womhlolokazi Omnyama, nguRay Collins (isiteketiso)
Inoveli emnyama ngoncumo. Umntu ohamba ngezinja waseArgentina uyabandakanyeka kwimeko yoMhlolokazi Omnyama, umphindezeli obulala abahenyukazi. Uyabarhanela abantu basetyhini abaliqela nangona egqibela ngokufumanisa ukuba ayisiyonto ingaphezulu kwesigqubuthelo samashishini amdaka awayedityaniswa nomntakwabo ongasekhoyo.
Yeyiphi le misebenzi eya kuba yimpumelelo kunye neyokugqibela kwiBhaso lePlanethi ka-2018? Ukubheja kuvunyelwe. Ngomso we-15 ka-Okthobha u-2018, usuku lwe-Saint Teresa, njengayo yonke i-Okthobha iminyaka eyi-65, ehlonipha uTeresa, umfazi womsunguli, le mfihlakalo iya kutyhilwa.


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Ngaba Ayisiyiyo Imincili? UDanny Brown ushukumisa uloyiko olukhoyo.
Nokuba uDanny Brown ubona kufanelekile ukuba avale, awungekhe uthi amandla akhe okuvula ayingawobuqhawe. Khetha nje nayiphi na ingoma kaDanny Brown-masithi 30, ukusuka ngo-2011 I-XXX -Kuye nantso ke, ethimba ingqalelo yakho phezulu ukuze uyihlawule kwakhona kwisithuba semizuzu emithathu okanye elandelayo: Uthumele i-bitch yakho ye-dick pic, kwaye ngoku ifuna iiglasi. Kwaye eneneni, ayisiyiyo nje ingqalelo yakho enesidingo esingxamisekileyo, uyayigxininisa kwintlonipho yakho, nayo. Iivesi ezine ezityhafisayo kwingoma yokugqibela kwitape yakhe yokuphumelela, ayikhuphile eneminyaka engama-30, uxela ukuba ngoyena rapper mkhulu. Ayisiyonyani kodwa okomzuzwana ivakalelwa ngokugqithileyo.
Ukulwa yenye yezo zehlo xa uBrown ekubamba ngesitshixo: andikuniki mdla / ndingathetha ikati ngasemva kwiloli yentlanzi. Ingqungquthela iyahamba. Iimpondo ziyaqhuma zize ziphume, ngokungathi ingoma leyo ibilayo. Umoya uyacamngca, kwaye iiraps ziyaphela: Ulandela inyani enkulu enesinqe esincinci kunye ne-butt enkulu, kodwa emva koko uyadlwengula malunga neminyaka awayeyichitha ethengisa kunye nokusebenzisa gwenxa iziyobisi, umlo wasesitalatweni, umlo wakhe wokulwa nokubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo, Kwaye, ewe, ukwazile ukwenza isingqisho hashi, ubugcisa, izibalo, kwaye ngandlela ithile kwisithuba semizuzwana eli-15. Uvakala ngathi uyaqina, kodwa womelele. Ukuthetha no Ndididekile ekuqaleni kwale nyanga , UBrown wathi usebenza noQ-Tip-ngubani olawulayo ovelise icwecwe lakhe elitsha, NONE , kwaye uboleka into kwi-Combat-waphefumlela ubomi obutsha kubudlelwane bakhe nomculo we-rap, ohleli ungumnqa.
Njengakwi, kunzima ukutsho ngqo ukuba loluphi uhlobo lwendawo aluphetheyo kuyo. Ngo-2011, uye wawa phantsi kwipleyiti yakho njengepopu yehagu yekhathuni ukusuka Inkomo kunye neNkukhu -UBrown, umrepha waseDetroit, wayenamazinyo aqingqiweyo kunye noburharha obungenakuphikiswa. Kwaye yakhe iinwele. Iinwele zakhe zazivunyelwe kodwa zinekratshi kwaye zixinekile, kufaneleka ukungazinzi komculo wakhe. Wayephumile kwisandi nakwimfashini, kwaye wayehenda kum ngokobuqu, eneminyaka eyi-19, edlala ngezinto ezininzi okokuqala. Zimbalwa iingoma ezazinexesha le-epochal yekholeji ebekwe njengoKhulileyo-eyenze malunga noluhlu lokuphela konyaka luka-2012- bambalwa ubomi babaculi abazive bebotshelelwe ngakumbi kumgaqo we-electro-trap-dubstep indie ongasekhoyo kwaphela. UBrown wayenengubo yomthala yengubo yasesitalatweni ngaphambi kokuba naliphi na i-rapper ye-SoundCloud ikwazi ukuhambelana ne-jean e-skinny kunye nengubo yoboya, kodwa wayezinikezele kwintloko endala ekuqwengweni-njenge, ukudlwengula ukudlwengula; ngezikimu zangaphakathi zemvano-siphelo imigca yokubetha kunye nayo yonke into-kuba, kulungile, yena wayenjalo indala.
UBrown naye unobuchule bokubuyisela kwakhona-ngokwenene iyahamba ngecwecwe elitsha ngalinye. I-XXX ibonakaliswe kukulangazelela impumelelo. Ukufa njengeRockstar wenza impumelelo yinto yobomi bakhe-angangaphezulu kwento azalelwe kuyo, okanye angabi nto kwaphela. Kukonke, I-XXX yayimalunga nesoyikiso sokuzibandakanya kuwe nakwabanye. Endala yayimalunga nesothu esikhoyo sokudibana kunye. Umboniso Woburhalarhume yayimalunga nento eyoyikisayo yokuba usaphila.
Uknowhatimsayin¿ yicwecwe lakhe lesihlanu, kwaye uhlala evakala njengengoma yesandi kwi-VHS ye-porno yecampy edlala kwi-TV ebekwe eludongeni kwivenkile yevidiyo yokugqibela eMelika, kwaye ewe le yinto elungileyo. Ilizwi likaBrown-elichasayo inkcazo kwaye ke limema ezingaqhelekanga-linokufana nesivunguvungu kwindudumo. Njengakuqala, ikhanyisa amazwi akhe amfiliba, inika uDealt ngeentlungu ezininzi kangangokuba andazi nokuba yintoni feelin ’bubunyulu obuthile. Kodwa nangoku ukuphelelwa lithemba, umbono wokuba indlela yakhe yokuphila ixhomekeke koku, akusekho apho.
Isikakhulu kuba: Ngokwenene ayenzi. UBrown unomboniso wentetho IViceland ngoku. Uthenge uncumo olutsha; iinwele zakhe ziye zathanjiswa zaba kukunqunyulwa okunengqondo kukaKesare. Uneebhithi ezininzi ezivela kwi-Q-Tip kwi-Abstract, kwaye enye ivela kwiJPEGMAFIA. Uknowhatimsayin¿ unomgangatho weprojekthi yokuthanda, njengeqela labahlobo abakhulu ababelana ngesofa kwigumbi lokugcina iStones Phosa ixesha elingenamkhethe, kwaye ucofe izinto ze-craziest ukuze zikhululwe. Iskena ngakumbi njengomsebenzi wothando kunokuswayipha kwisithsaba.
Musa ukungaqondi kakuhle: UBrown usadlwengula, njengokuba kunjalo ukudlwengula ukudlwengula. Eyona nguSavage Nomad-uyangena kwisithuba esiphakathi NONE Ixesha lemizuzu engama-33 lokubaleka. Amagita akrazula ingoma evulekileyo, kwaye avakala ngokungathi ziilori zomlilo. Amaqhosha angaphantsi kwengcebiso ye Amapolisa umxholo. Inkunkuma iyatshisa ezitalatweni, kwaye uBrown ucinezela ama-assonants kwii-couplets ngokungathi ndikulo matte mnyama 'Lac, mac phantsi komgangatho womgangatho / Indoda yemozulu, ndiyaxela kwangaphambili. Akukho nto ikhonkco yokuthetha ngayo: UBrown uvumela ukuhleka okungathandekiyo ngaphambi kokuntywila kwindinyana elandelayo. Ngubani ocinga ukuba ujongana naye / ukuhamba kwezibalo zaseTshayina. Kukungxama emva, kodwa akenzi kakhulu kunokubonisa. Kwaye akukho nto iphosakeleyo kuloo nto.
Bhalisela iIncwadana yeRinger
Enkosi ngokusayina!
Jonga ibhokisi yakho engenayo ukuze wamkele i-imeyile.
Imeyile (iyafuneka) Ngokusayina, uyavuma kuthi Isaziso sangasese kunye nabasebenzisi baseYurophu bayavuma umgaqo-nkqubo wokudluliswa kwedatha. Bhalisa


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Kudlule iiveki ezimbini kuphela uWarren Whiteley engadlali kwiLions kodwa kubonakala ngathi lo mdlali uzakuleqwa ukuba alungele ukudlala, phambi komdlalo weLions xa isamnkela iCrusaders ngoMgqibelo.
UWhiteley wafumana ukwenzakala egxalabeni kweyeSilimela kwimidlalo ibiphakathi kweSpringboks ne-Ireland. Emva koko kuye kwavela ukuba lo mdlali akazokwazi ukudlala ixesha elingaka ngeeveki ezintandathu. Ngoku ngenxa yokuba iLions izakudlala umdlalo obaluleke kakhulu, uWhiteley noyikapteni uphinde wafakwa phakathi kwabadlali abazakuthi batyunjwe. Lo mdlali ubhengeziwe kubadlali abangamashumi amabini enesihlanu ekuzakukhethwa kubo, abo bazakudlala neCrusaders. Namhlanje kulindeleke ukuba uWhiteley enziwe uvavanyo ukujonga ukuba ukulungele ngenene na ukudlala.
Isekela mqeqeshi leLions uSwys de Bruin ebeqinisekile izolo ukuba uWhiteley uzakube ekulungele ngenene ukudlala. “Alikatyunjwa iqela, kodwa siqinisekile ukuba uzakube ekulungele ukudlala,” utshilo uDe Bruin.
“UWarren akazokubambana nabanye abadlali kude kufike uLwesine kuba usandula ukuphola ngoku ekwenzakaleni, sizakubona ngoko ke. Iyakuba yinto entle ukuba udlalile. Kwelinye icala, uRuan Ackerman wenze umsebenzi omhle kakhulu ngoku angekhoyo. Wafumana iwonga lokuba ngumdlali ogqwesileyo wosuku kumdlalo wethu neSouthern Kings.”
Ukubizwa kukaWhiteley ayikokuphela kwesigqibo esikhulu ekufuneka sithathwe ngumqeqeshi uJohan Ackerman kule mpelaveki.
ICrusaders ayiloqeka libetheka lula, kwaye lo mqeqeshi uyakufunda lukhulu kwindlela iqela lakhe elibethwe ngayo yiJaguares kwiveki ephelileyo.


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Sikhe saseMthatha apha ezivekini nalapho sibe yinxalenye yenkqubo yokuthandazela iingxaki esijongene nazo kweli; ubundlobongela, ulwaphulomthetho, ukuphathwa gadalala kwamanina nabantwana, intswelangqesho, ubuqhophololo kunye nenzolo kwilizwe lethu.
Nangona kunjalo, sifuna ukugxininisa umba wokuba umthandazo kufuneka ukhatshwe nazizenzo.
Umzekelo, awukwazi ukuthandazela umsebenzi osogqiba usonge izandla uhlale endlini ngethemba lokuba umsebenzi uza kuzizela kuwe. Ayihambi njalo.
Awukwazi ukuthandazela umntwana wakho olisela ukuba makayeke, kufuneka uthathe amanyathelo okumqeqesha nokumlungisa ngokwakho mzali.
Okanye umbambise ngokwakho ukuba uyakohlula. Nakwiicawe ke ngokunjalo. Sekulithuba ngoku simane sibhala ngobugwenxa obuqhubeka kwiicawe, ingakumbi apha eMpuma Koloni. Kude kuthiwe thina siliphepha sisukela iicawe ezithile. Singazi ke thina nokuba sithi abathuma eza zicaka zikaThixo ukuba zenze izinto ezigwenxa na?
Sisiya sifumanisa ukuba amanina kwiicawe aphethwe kakubi; zizigculelo zeenkanuko zamadoda azimela ngebhayibhile. Naxa ezama ukufuna uncedo kwakwezi cawe la manina, uyakufumanisa ukuba bacela uncedo kwamanye amadoda.
Baphi oomam’ uMfundisi, oomama bebhatyi bona bathulela ntoni? Seside sibe namabali afana neli likwiphepha lokuqala kweli lanamhlanje – ‘uMpostile othumele umboniso wezesondo…’ – bekutheni? Bekutheni ze lo mama angasatyelwa xa ecela uncedo kwicawe yakhe. Sele ade aze kwiphephandaba labantu, I’solezwe, bekutheni anganikwa sihoyo?
Okanye bethu le ngxaki ibiza kuthandazelwa, iphele?
Uyakufumanisa ukuba uninzi lwezi cawe zisakuva ukuba ibali liza kuphuma kwiphepha, kungona babamanxadanxada, babonakalise ukukhathazeka.
Phofu ke abakhathazekanga ngexhoba, bakhathazeka ngehlazo elizayo. Hayi nto zakuthi. Ezinye iingxaki azilungiswa ngomthandazo kuphela.
Nathi asithandi ukubhala ngamanyundululu aqhubeka kwiicawe kodwa ukuba akwenziwa nto ngokuwaphelisa sakuhlala sibhala ngawo.


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Kule post Ndiza kukufundisa indlela yokufiphaza imvelaphi yomfanekiso nge-Photoshop. Ingavuya kakhulu ukuba xa sithathe ifoto baphuma begqibelele okokuqala kwaye silawula ubunzulu bentsimi ukuze bajolise, kodwa sonke siyazi ukuba oko akusoloko kusenzeka ngamanye amaxesha asiphumeleli. iziphumo esinokuzithanda. Ke… Bhala le ngcebiso!
Index
Vula umfanekiso uphinde ubume obuphindwe kabini
Into yokuqala esiza kuyenza yile vula umfanekiso kwi-Photoshop ukuba sifuna ukuhlela, kwaye Siza kwenza iikopi ezimbini. Ukuphinda-phinda umaleko, kuya kufuneka ucofe kuyo kwaye urhuqe ngokucinezela ukhetho (iMac) okanye isitshixo se-alt (Windows). Unako kwakhona ukuya kumaleko wethebhu> phinda maleko. Kubalulekile kwesi sifundo ukuba wazi ukuba luhlu ngalunye luqulathe ntoni, ke Siza kubiza "ungqimba olungasemva" loqobo, ikopi yokuqala ingu "blur" kunye nomxholo wokugqibela "."
Khetha isihloko, gcina ukhetho kwaye wenze imask yokubeka
Ku "maleko wesifundo" masikhethe intombazanaNdisebenzise i khetha isixhobo sesifundo, Yenza ukhetho kakuhle kwaye usebenzise isigqumathelo semaski ukuyenza igqibelele kangangoko. Ndikushiya kule khonkco a iqhinga lokwenza ukhetho olungcono. Gcina ukhetho, kuba siza kuyidinga kamva. Ukwenza oku, yiya kwithebhu yokukhetha> gcina ukhetho. Okokugqibela, ngokunqakraza kwisimboli esibonakala singqongwe kumfanekiso ongentla, siza kwenza imaski yomaleko.
Susa umbandela kumaleko ofipheleyo
Kwi «blur layer”, siya kuthi Ukukhetha umthwalo ebesigcinile kwinyathelo elingaphambili. Kuya kufuneka ukhethe ithebhu yokukhetha> ukhetho lomthwalo, kwaye luya kubonakala ngokuzenzekelayo kwiscreen. Masiyiyeke intombazana, kwaye siya kuyenza ngokuya kwithebhu yokuhlela> gcwalisa, kwiwindow eya kuvula ukukhetha "Gcwalisa ngokomxholo". Ayizukugqibelela, kodwa ungakhathazeki kuba ayizukubonwa.
Faka isicelo sokucoca ulwelo lwentsimi kunye nemiphetho echanekileyo
Siza kufaka isicelo se- isihluzo ku "blur" umaleko. Cofa kuyo, kwaye uye ku isihluzo sethebhu> ukufezekisa igalari> ukufiphala kwentsimi. Iphaneli iya kuvula apho unokuhlengahlengisa khona ukufota ngendlela othanda ngayo, unokukhetha ukufiphala kwendalo ngakumbi okanye ukufiphala okubonakalayo.
Ngaphambi kokufaka iziphumo zokugqibela, Sondeza kwaye ujonge emaphethelweni, kunokubakho umonakalo. Ukuyilungisa, yiya kwifayile ye- imaski yokukhetha kunye nebrashi, usebenzisa umhlophe ukushiya ubonakale kunye nomnyama ukugubungela, Ipeyinte kwaye ulungise loo miphetho (kwividiyo yejelo lethu leYouTube ungabona ngokweenkcukacha ukuba ungayenza njani)
Nasi isiphumo sokuphela ngamanqanaba ojoliso ahlukeneyo!