text:
- ekhaya
- iiyunivesiti
- Zhytomyr State University
Zhytomyr State University
Zhytomyr State University Iinkcukacha
- Country : Yukreyini
- isixeko : Zhytomyr
- isifinyezo : ZSU
- Owadala : 1919
- abafundi (nama.) : 9000
- Musa ukulibala ukuba ukuxoxa Zhytomyr State University
isishwankathelo
Zhytomyr University State inesithethe elide ezizukileyo thina ukulondoloza nande namhlanje. Sele iwupasisile umendo wayo kunzima nelinameva, umendo kuphawulwa umxakatho yenzululwazi kunye nezemfundo, ubuntu ebe- kwakunye zityholo neyezopolitiko. kunjalo, nangona yonke imiqobo, eyona indala Zhytomyr kummandla Iziko lemfundo ephakamileyo waqhubeka ukusebenza nokuphuhlisa kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo ebekwa ngabasemagunyeni kwaye ingcamango basizelwe enzululwazi enlightment ebesoloko lubalaseleyo kuyo.
Elinamandla enokubakho lwabasebenzi abangootitshala, izinto luphuculwe unikezelo yobugcisa, kwetheknoloji yale mihla yokufunda ezintsha songeze ngokukhulisa kwenye zezikhundla yeyona nto zemfundo Ukraine. Yaso engaphezu kwama-80 amawaka umkhosi izidanga isebenza kuzo zonke iimbombo Ukraine ngokunjalo phesheya. Phakathi kwazo kukho abaphengululi abaziwayo - bezibalo, zamachiza, zebhayoloji, ngokuma, zeelwimi, mbali, ababhali, abaphathi zemfundo, kuzaku, abezopolitiko manani zikarhulumente. Ngenxa yemisebenzi yabo, uphando kunye nokufundisa mpumelelo Zhytomyr University State ka- khulu kungekuphela nje eUkraine kodwa kude ngaphaya kwemida yalo.
International Academic yokuReyitha bodumo nomgangatho wavuma eyunivesithi njengoko “Yomfuziselo imfundo yamandulo”. ZSU iye banconywa kunye imbasa yesilivere “Uzuko sokuzinikela looMawokhulu”, ke umnini zesilivere Stella kunye Diploma komgangatho. Impumelelo yale yunivesithi ziye zanikwa amabhaso Wawongwa ratings yodumo “Sofia Kyivska”, “Ibandla lezangqa ishishini Ukraine”, International Fund ekumgangatho ophezulu kwezoshishino (Geneva), Club ye iirektha eYurophu atyumba kwiKomiti European yeNdibano Business (Oxford).
abanezidanga zethu nolwazi esisiseko, ukuba bhetyebhetye yaye ngokukhawuleza sivumelane naluphi na utshintsho, nabakwaziyo ukusebenza ngaphezulu kwesinye Hygiene, nokugcina ndazola phantsi ukungaqiniseki nochuku ingundoqo -employers nzima kuba iingcali ophezulu ezikumgangatho.
abafundi bethu bonke ezifezekisayo iimfuno imodeli abaziingcali zale: ulwazi olunzulu yobungcali, icomputer esebenzisa izakhono, obuchule beelwimi enye okanye ezimbini zangaphandle. ukuba ufuna njalo, bakwazi ukufumana ubuchule ezininzi (kwamkhapheli, unobhala, khompyutha, weenwele, umqhubi, njalo). Ukususela kwiintsuku zokuqala kubafundi baseyunivesithi ababandakanyekayo umsebenzi wophando, beqhubeka nemfundo kwenkosi kunye nezifundo zezidanga ukufumana PhD kunye DSC / DLett izidanga nombono. nophando lwenzululwazi abanezidanga zethu kakhulu makahlonitshwe kwiinkalo zabo. Ke abaphumelele ukhuphiswano elizukileyo yaye amabhaso kaMongameli Ukraine neKhabhinethi yabaPhathiswa Ukraine.
Ngexesha eminyaka yokugqibela 17 izikolo yenzululwazi, 20 kwamaziko ophando lwezenzululwazi, 30 uphando lobunzululwazi kwaye baphande iilebhu oqingqiweyo zavela. Izazinzulu kwiyunivesithi ngexesha kuphela 2009-2013 papasha ngaphezu kwama 15 imisebenzi yenzululwazi kunye oqingqiweyo amawaka, waphumelela kwisithuba mabini uphando yezenzululwazi yeelwimi, bengqondo, physics, ibhayoloji nobume, yonke engqina ukuba umsebenzi wophando okunzulu kwabo bonke 41 iminyango. Iyunivesithi lipapasha 6 kwiijenali zenzululwazi ukuba zinoluvo omkhulu phakathi iincwadi Ukraine.
Ngenxa ukuvala uxhulumaniso yenzululwazi zemfundo kunye namaziko eyunivesithi kwi US, Jemani, Igreat britain, ElamaTaliyane, Fransi, Ostriya , Mekhsikho, Pholend, Slovakiya, Hangari, Russia kunye namanye amazwe kwiifakalti kunye nabafundi inxaxheba kukhuphiswano ezahlukeneyo, ukuqhuba uphando kunye zemfundo, ukwenza, bafunde kwaye baqhubeke nemfundo yabo amazwe.
Zhytomyr University State unika kuphela ulwazi esisiseko, kuphuhlisa uthando imisebenzi yenzululwazi kunye nezemfundo, kodwa ibonisa inqanaba impucuko yommandla kunye karhulumente xa iyonke. Enye iimpawu zayo nentando kunye humanization ubudlelwane phakathi kootitshala nabafundi. Iyunivesithi zenkqubo amabhaso (“umfundi Best of ZSU”, “Uzuko ZSU”, “umsebenzi ezibekekileyo of ZSU”, “Yazuka unguGqirha ZSU”, “UNjingalwazi abalaseleyo ZSU”), enika ukukhuthazwa nawuphi na umsebenzi eyakhayo kubafundi nootitshala ukuze kuxhamle kwiYunivesithi, kwingingqi kunye karhulumente xa iyonke.
Miselwa kwi Zhytomyr State University le Fellowship Student ngokuhlangeneyo kunye nolawulo ukulandelelanisa ubomi ngendlela yokuba akukho namnye engaphezu kweshumi usapho eyunivesithi sewaka limi ubomi bucala yenkcubeko neyentlalo collective. Apha, embindini karhulumente umfundi, amaziko enkcubeko kunye nezemfundo imisebenzi engcono onesimo, izakhono zokulawula, ayilwa inkcubeko nezinto zexabiso. abafundi bethu abahleli neentatheli kumaphephandaba kunye radio umfundi kunye noomabonakude, amalungu iiklabhu zobugcisa, kwimisebenzi yobugcisa engahlawulwayo, yolutsha inkonzo zentlalo, kwiiklinikhi zomthetho, iziko lomsebenzi, amaqela KVN, iiklabhu, iiklabhu zemidlalo amaninzi kunye namanye amaziko amaninzi ukuba laziwa kuphela kwingingqi Zhytomyr, kodwa kude ngaphaya kwemida yalo.
Namhlanje Zhytomyr University State yinkqubo multy-zesakhiwo entsonkothileyo equka inani emfundo, ezintsompothileyo lobunzululwazi zoshishino, kwamaziko ophando inter-yunivesithi kunye namaziko, amathala eencwadi amaninzi, womnatha yobulali khomputha, Observatory, agrobiostation, Igumbi lokutyela, cafe, buffets, iziko nokupapasha, 5 zokulala kunye yanamhlanje imidlalo entsonkothileyo.
Ngokude hayi zonke lwedyunivesithi oku kulande-. Kodwa kakhulu izicwangciso zethu enxulumene intshukumo ukuze isithuba zemfundo European, ngakumbi, ngenxa eyunivesithi inkqubo yolawulo informatization, ukusekwa kakuhle E-ilayibrari, ufikelelo ngokubanzi kwi Internet, ukufikelela kwinkqubo ngamazwe iilayibrari, imfundo qelele, cluster inzululwazi neteknoloji, kwaye kakhulu.
abasebenzi bethu imfundiso iqulathe iingcali ngokubamba i DSC / DLett, zobuGqirha nezidanga, abasebenza oonjingalwazi, oonjingalwazi kunye, abahlohli kunye afundisa. Kwisithuba yokusebenza nyaka-95 Zhytomyr State University inkcubeko utitshala ababalaseleyo kwasekwa. Yiyo loo nto siye, yaye usoloko uya Korolenkos, amashumi, Bondarchuks, Kasymenkos ...
Zhytomyr Ivan Franko University nguRhulumente ngokuzithemba yokufudukela elizayo. Ngazinye iinzame yeFakhalthi, abafundi nabasebenzi kuqhubeka ukwenza imbali kwiYunivesithi. Ukufundisa abasebenzi Uqinisekile ukuba ikamva liza kuba kukho wonke isizathu sokuba nentembelo yokuba kwiminyaka ezayo eminyaka iya kuba lixesha zoloyiso ezintsha kunye nempumelelo. Namhlanje kwiyunivesithi yethu eyaziwayo, ngomso uya kuba yenye yeyona nto, kunye nelungelo emsebenzini ukufunda khona apho kuya kubakho nembeko enkulu.
inkqubo yokwamkelwa kwabafundi e Zhytomyr State University
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Izikolo / iikholeji / iminyango / courses / amandla
Wamaziko
- Educational and Research Institute of Foreign Philology
- Educational and Research Institute of Pedagogics
- Educational and Research Institute of Philology nobuntatheli
amandla
- Faculty of History
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics
- Faculty of Sciences Natural
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport
- Faculty of Social Psychology
Centres
- Centre of benezidanga Education and Pre-University Tutorial
iminyango
- Department of Botany, Resources zendalo Conservation of Biological Diversity
- Department of Chemistry
- Department of Ecology, Management Nature and Biology Human
- Department of Zoology, Monitoring eziphilayo noLondolozo lweNdalo
- ISebe Cross-Cultural Unxibelelwano Applied Ezolimi
- ISebe IsiNgesi uLwimi
- ISebe IsiNgesi Philology kunye Translation
- ISebe of Foreign Languages Techniques Teaching Modern
- ISebe zesiJamani Philology and Literature Foreign
- ISebe History World
- ISebe of History of Ukraine
- Department of Philosophy
- ISebe of Special Historical Uyasiqeqesha NoMthetho Studies
- ISebe of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science
- ISebe of Algebra and Geometry
- Department of Physics
- ISebe of Analysis Mathematical
- ISebe lezaBasebenzi Protection and Safety Civil
- Department of Aesthetics, Ethics kunye Fine Art
- ISebe IsiNgesi uLwimi Primary ELT Indlela
- ISebe of Ubuchule nezeeLwimi neNkcubeko of Language Professional
- ISebe of Music and komnyhadala kunye Iindlela Teaching
- Department of Pedagogy
- Department of Pedagogy, Psychology and Management Amaziko emfundo
- ISebe of uthole leMfundo Innovations zokufundisa
- ISebe yayisetyenziselwa Ezolimi kunye Studies yoncwadi
- Department of Publishing, ukuhlela, i Iziseko ubuntatheli Philology
- ISebe Slavic kunye zaseJamani Languages
- ISebe of Theory and History of World Literature
- ISebe Language Ukrainian
- ISebe Ukrainian Literature kunye Studies zothelekiso
- ISebe of Physical Education and noLonwabo
- ISebe of Medical neziseko zebhayoloji bePhysical Education and Sport
- ISebe of Theory kunye Iindlela Physical Education
- ISebe of Olimpiki and Professional Sports
- Department of Social Pedagogy and zokufundisa Skills
imbali
Ukuqala kwenkulungwane XX yabalasela ukukhula ezingqondweni yesizwe Ukraine yaye lizama kwabo kwimfundo, inkcubeko kunye self-ulwazi. Foundation of the Central Council e Kyïv, EyoKwindla, 1917 kwakhokelela kwinkqubo ngokwentando yesininzi kubomi, ukusingatha le ngxaki ezingxamisekileyo zentlalo nenkcubeko.
Abasemagunyeni bendawo baqala ukusombulula iingxaki zentlalo kuqala. Ekuqaleni kuka 1918 Volyn 'urhulumente kubanjiswene kunye nebhunga yesikolo intetho yoMphathiswa weMfundo Ukraine babe zootitshala kwiziko uqeqesho Zhytomyr. Ubizo lingavakali ngenxa imeko engazinzanga yezopolitiko.
Ebudeni bolawulo hetman e Zhytomyr oko kwazeka ukuba kwiziko yoqeqesho lootitshala lafuduselwa ukusuka Kishinev ukuya kwesinye sezixeko Ukrainian. in 1918 urhulumente wengingqi intetho yoMphathiswa weMfundo ukutshintshela kwiziko ku Zhytomyr. Urhulumente wengingqi wathembisa ukuhlangabezana nazo zonke iimfuno izimali Ministry ngokuphathelele, umhlaba nesakhiwo esitsha, yokuhlala ngokuqasha. Le itrayi akuphumelelanga kakhulu.
A sakhiwo zeli ziko kwafunyanwa lula. Kwagqitywa isakhiwo yakhiwa ngo 1862 ngokuba Zhytomyr indoda yokuzilolonga, leyo yavalwa 1918. Le complex kwakuba isakhiwo ukufunda, amaphiko amabini amatye, izakhiwo isincedisi kunye umyezo enkulu. Kwakukho igadi encinci phambi imithi ezizodwa kunye osendleleni embindini. Eli bhotwe wasinda ukuba imihla yethu, kodwa ngokutsha kwi kwelebhu umgangatho emithathu yaye № entsonkothileyo zemfundo 1. Malityatyambe ngemihla yethu i-ofisi yolawulo eyunivesithi, iinkonzo iziko kunye Faculty of Physics and Mathematics zimalunga khona. Ngelo xesha le complex eyayi 9 amagumbi intetho waza 23 amagumbi bobuqili elebhu kunye nendawo jikelele 920 ezikwere zeekhilomitha.
Iziko zokufundisa - eli ziko wokuqala kummandla Polesia lavulwa kanye kuloo isakhiwo phezu 16 ka October 1919. It ilifa isiseko yokuzilolonga, yamathala eencwadi aso, museum, station zemozulu. Yathiywa igama Volynskyi, kamva Zhytomyr Institute zokufundisa.
Petro Nikadirovich Abramovich, i sekuhleni esebenzayo, umfundisi zobuchwepheshe, eyaziwayo ku lwemveli, ezizwe nolwimi Ukrainian, waba uxanduva lokuququzelela webhunga zokufundisa - umzimba liphezulu zolawulo zeziko. Koko wabubhekisa iBhunga yakhethwa intloko yokuqala ziko. Izinto zokufundisa wenziwa izazinzulu, amalungu Abaphandi 'Society of Volyn'. Phakathi kwabo kwakukho O.O. Fotinskyi - isazi, umbhali yemisebenzi kwimbali Ukrainian, ye.o. Nenadkevich - eyaziwa yingcali ngeelwimi kunye neencwadi, wenza ephanda ezahlukeneyo imisebenzi Shevchenko; Ewe. Brazhnikov, I.Yu. Smirnov, M.V. Yanevich - izazinzulu ezintsonkothileyo kwiinkalo pedagogics, art kunye neelwimi. M. P. Kudritskyi wayengomnye abahlohli lokuqala nesibhedlela. Yena ngumphandi adumileyo Polesia uhlobo, yemvelo futhi nesangoma. Wayesebenza kootitshala Korostishiv 'sobufundisi kude 1901 unyaka (Wabhala khona encwadini "Korostishiv Climate", kwabayilwileyo kwindawo yesithathu kwi mboniso ngezizwe eParis 1900). 14 abahlohli basebenza ngelo xesha. Kwiintsuku nje ezimbalwa 9 iingcali ezininzi inxaxheba kumsebenzi. Baba S.V. Bilskyi - ngumphandi le Polisia zezimbiwa, yokwakheka komhlaba; M.O. Puchkovskyi - a abaziingcali kwingcingane zokufundisa, Yu.Yu. Bruher - nzulu, O.H. Pozdnjakov - wayengusokhemisti sebhayoloji. Kamva abahlohli kwezi khosi zokufundisa kunyaka-ezibini zamagxa: a M.P mbali. Ljatoshinskyi, a nguyise umqambi Boris Ljatoshinskyi, zezibalo S.S. Oliynik, A.Ye Oliynichenko, a nengcali yoncwadi - O.O. Richkov.
Iziko zokufundisa kwafuneka zembali kunye nolwimi, zemvelo nemathematika, amandla pre-school eendawo, saya kwathatha 4 kwiminyaka. Ibhunga ziko ozinzisiweyo inqununu electivity le nto abahlohli; ingqalelo kwaye samkelwa ukufunda kunye nezicwangciso zomsebenzi kunye neenkqubo, izidingo izicelo '.
Ngaphandle kobunzima isebe asekuhlaleni emfundo kunye nabemi Zhytomyr owanceda iziko esasungulwa. Bekukho ukondliwa zemali, iincwadi zelayibrari, izixhobo, izixhobo zomculo libuthiwe kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo.
M.P nje lomfundisi. Kudritskyi, Ikhutshelwa impumelelo yakhe meteorology yi kuluntu Russian neyeendawo 1895, iklasi physics ziququzelelwe yaye yaqaliswa imigqaliselo zemozulu. O.O. Fotinskyi - intloko yokuqala Language and History nkululeko, waseka kwikhabhinethi of Ukraine kunye Volyn 'History.
Ngcembe nekhabhathi kunye neelabhoratri for Mathematics, Geography, Zoology, Archaeology, ezizwe, ulwimi, kunye neeklasi Literature ayengenazixhobo.
Kwi 16 ka October 1919 sifundo ngo loo mandla: Language and History Faculty, Physics and Mathematics, Faculty of Nature kunye neJografi.
53 abafundi kwizifundo zokufundisa kunyaka-2, ootitshala ezininzi ukusuka kufuphi-ngemizi, 5 izidanga yokuzilolonga kunye nabafundi abavela kwamanye zedyunivesithi, ingakumbi University Kyïv baba abafundi bokuqala Zhytomyr Institute. Ngelo xesha kwenzeka ukuba isicelo ngaphandle isiqinisekiso esekondari. Kwakukho udliwano-ndlebe ukufumana izinga lolwazi. Igama elithi Isicelo yathatha iinyanga eziliqela, ekuqaleni 1920 350 abantu baba abafundi, kodwa kuphela 180 babe enyanisweni befunda.
Iziko usetyenziswa zokufundisa, kodwa kwi 10 kukaJuni 1920 oko idluliselwa kwiziko lootitshala 'yi ngokomyalelo commissar woM- urhulumente Ukraine Abantu. Kamva zonke iiyunivesithi, umisa zootitshala, e Zhytomyr Institute ikakhulukazi uhlelwe amaziko emfundo abantu '.
in 1920 i-Ofisi yoMphathiswa weMfundo kwiriphabliki evunyiweyo ummiselo zeziko zokufundisa Volyn ', elo igama imfundo 'abantu' Volyn amisa nyaka ofanayo. Injongo yayo ukulungiselela iingcali kuwo onke amanqanaba, epriskuli ethile, esikolweni out-of-school zemfundo. Ngokommiselo inkqubo ukufunda kwathatha iminyaka emine, kodwa kwakukho zobungcali phakathi kumasebe ezisisiseko kunye ezizodwa.
Abafundi kunyaka wokuqala-wafundiswa ezingundoqo, ngoko - isebe ezizodwa. Isebe usisiseko ijolise ukulungiselela abasebenzi kunye nabalimi lowo izikhewu kulwazi lwabo okanye imfundo yamabanga engaphelelanga. Ukufundisisa kwi sebe ezingundoqo waba jikelele; wanika ithuba lokuba bafumane izakhono zabafundi iitalente ukujolisa ethile.
Kukho utshintsho lomgadi intloko izinto le ziko. Ekupheleni 1920 i P.N Council isusiwe. Abramovich esitulweni entloko ngokokuthanda kwakhe. sezibalo M.A. Mihajlevich wamiselwa intloko entsha 5th NgoDisemba nyaka ofanayo. Wayesebenza kuze kube 15 EyoKwindla 1922. Igama Intloko ebudeni 1922-1923 ayaziwa. M.V. Yanevich - umfundisi odumileyo sobulumko - headed 'abantu' Volyn Institute yemfundo 1924-1925 kwiminyaka. in 1925-1928 le Institute ekhokelwa Y.K. poppet, iziqu Law Faculty, Lviv University. A izidanga Philology olufanayo University V.P. Hotsa iphethwe nesibhedlela in February 1928-1933. Yena umntu ephucukileyo kunye nolwazi olunzulu ulwimi lwenkobe kunye nembali kwaye wasebenza iminyaka emininzi kwinkalo yemfundo.
Iminyaka emihlanu yokuqala zanikezelwa kusetshwe iifom umbutho omtsha neendlela zokufundisa. Oko kubangelwa kukuba izinga lemfundo esisiseko yaba zesikolo ngonyaka-esixhenxe. Yiloo nto urhulumente Ukrainian wadlula ummiselo malunga Education Social Faculty kunye kwikota ukufunda iminyaka emithathu ukulungiselela ootitshala ezikolweni kunyaka-esixhenxe nezikolo nursery. Kwakukho utshintsho kokuqulathwe zemfundo kunye nefomu: nokwehliswa ngokukhawuleza ezirekhodiweyo nokukhulisa inani yemisebenzi laboratory, iisemina, kakuhle, nolwenziwa. ingqalelo enkulu yahlawulwa kwiiklasi ezisebenzayo. Ngenye imini ngeveki sanikezelwa kwiiklasi ezisebenzayo. Ezi amatsha eyomeleza amakhonkco ziko-school. Kwelinye icala, ukuncitshiswa izifundo theoretical, ukuphunyezwa elebhu kunye nophando iindlela ezonakeleyo emhlabeni jikelele kunye nemiqathango abafundi. Enye impumelelo ukuba izifundo ezifana Ukrainian History, Ulwimi Uncwadi baba kusisinyanzelo kuwo onke amandla.
Zhytomyr Oktobha revolution rhandza ngokuhlwa abasebenzi yasungulwa 1922; Injongo yalo ukulungiselela abantu iiyunivesithi. Lase amandla ezimbini: ukulungiselela kwiziko lemfundo yabantu kunye noshishino - yonyaka emithathu-ikholeji mveliso technical. 341 abafundi wafunda kwicandelo kwi 1 of January 1924. Kwiminyaka emine khono phantsi kolawulo zeziko lemfundo yabantu.
amaziko Party kunye komsomol zaye ezaziqhutyelwe Institute 1923-1924. umzimba Students 'executive (bahlela samanywa abafundi ') wokuya bahambisa, indawo yokulala, waququzelela ntliziyo lokucoca, ihlobo imisebenzi yeholide, kusetyenzwa ngayo ingqeqesho kunye nexesha lokuphola.
Abafundi bokuqala izidanga ukusuka Institute 1922, iingcali abaselula zathunyelwa kwizikolo. Kwakukho O.F. Lahovski, O.Ya. Teodorovich, K.D. Prishchenko owaba ootitshala abadumileyo, no M.V. Homichevskyi, Iqhayiya University Zhytomyr.
Unyaka ka 1926 waba yimbalasane kwimbali nesibhedlela. Ukraine kunye nehlabathi uluntu yagubha 70 I.Ya. Franko engama. Ukuze imbeko kuye igama bakhe banikwa kwiziko lemfundo Zhytomyr abantu. in 1926 I.Ya. Franko Scholarship yasungulwa, lanikwa abafundi best. S. Alber, umfundi of Mathematics Faculty, waba ngowokuqala owabangela le yokufunda.
Ngelo xesha eli ziko yaba liziko lwenzululwazi Volyn '. Kwakufuneka isiseko zemfundo izinto profound, igadi enkulu Botanical, isikhululo zemozulu, labs, museum kunye nethala 120 iincwadi amawaka. ukusuka 1926 ukuba kubanjwe iinkomfa yenzululwazi kunye neenkomfa ngaphaya phezu phakathi-amaziko kunye republic amazinga.
Kunyaka wentlokoma abahlohli 'abasebenzi elungiswe ushicilele umqulu wokuqala "Volyn' Ivan Franko kwiziko lemfundo zabantu lamanqaku", ukuba isishwankathelo yomsebenzi Franko wokudala. Lo mqulu P.N. inqaku Abramovich ngembali isiseko Institute, "Franko kunye ingxaki yoluntu abafundi '" yi Ye.O. Nenadkevich, "Flora ngongqameko radioactive" yi V.H. Skorohod, esekelwe ngokupheleleyo Zhytomyr izinto kummandla, "Ukususela Reflexology ukuya psychophysiology" yi M.O. Puchkivskyi etc. nesibhedlela epapashwe imiqulu ezintathu amanqaku zenzululwazi ngaphakathi elishumi yokuqala.
Abafundi best inxaxheba kumsebenzi yesayensi. Ingxelo yemozulu "Imozulu eYurophu, Ukraine nendawo Zhytomyr "wakhutshwa rhoqo. Kubalulekile ukuba ulimo kummandla. NamaLungu kuluntu zoncwadi wafunda I.Franko, T. Shevchenko, Lesia Ukrainka isebenza, kuyahlaziywa inkqubo yoyilo kunye neengxaki zale ncwadi Ukrainian kunye nehlabathi.
in 1926 kukho isizukulwana sesihlanu abafundi. Inani labafundi ena-, kodwa kwakusekho abanalo ootitshala.
ngoDisemba 1927 ubalo-analyses ootitshala yaqhutywa Ukraine. Wabonisa ukuba kuphela 22.9 % ootitshala baba emfundo ephakamileyo okanye aphakamileyo ezizodwa. Abanye wagqiba eziziisekondari kuphela okanye kwisikolo samabanga. Ingxaki zemfundo zootitshala belingqongqo. Inani elandileyo abafundi kunye inciphise kwekota sifundo ijolise siyicombulula.
Isiseko eziphathekayo kunye nenani labafundi zeziko lemfundo Zhytomyr abantu zinyuke kunyaka ngamnye. in 1920 babe 180 abafundi, 1924 - 258, 1927 - 519.
Zhytomyr college zokufundisa ukuya kuhlangana kwiziko njenge lezifundo. Iphekwe ootitshala kwisikolo samabanga.
in 1927 kukho kwangena emkhosini, inkampu yonyaka, noqeqesho kwi unit yomkhosi.
Iziko sabhiyozela iminyaka yayo 1929. inani iziqu 'yaba impumelelo engcono - 300 iingcali zemfundo ephakamileyo. Abaninzi kubo baba abaphengululi ezibalaseleyo, ababhali, nabafundisi.
Iziko ukuba uhlelwe i-Institute of lemfundo loluntu; waba oluntsonkothileyo imizimba zemfundo: Institute zokufundisa, iikholeji ezimbini zokufundisa, zesikolo zokufundisa kunye nezifundo zoqeqesho. Ikhono esisiseko baba kwicandelo lezemfundo zeNtlalo oyena Complex ukuba walungisa ootitshala kwimfundo ephakamileyo ngenxa kwisikolo samabanga. Bekukho iikhosi zoqeqesho ubuhlakani Complex. imfundo nkululeko Social wafundisa ootitshala kwisikolo sesekondari. Inani labafundi landa: 850 Abantu bafunda ngo 1929/30.
Iinguqu ezinzulu inkqubo umbutho wezemfundo kunye nolawulo kwangena. Amasebe esikhundleni ikhomishini umjikelo. Lelokuqala kumasebe okuqala yabe zemathematika izifundo zobugcisa, ulwimi noncwadi, ukuyala zentlalo noqoqosho kunye zendalo. Kungekudala namanye amasebe esabangela.
Abasebenzi ziko yaba enamava. Abahlohli ephambili yaye izazi zeli ziko banikwa izidanga njingalwazi. Eyokuqala othe wonyulelwa ukuba sithuba baba P.N philologist. Abramovich, kwengqondo M.O. Puchkivskyi, M.A sezibalo. Nihlevich, pedagogue I.I. afanaseva, isazi Yu.Yu. Bruher, wemithi L.K. Kulbitskyi. 10 Abahlohli baba abafundisayo eziphezulu. Phakathi kwabo kwakukho P.H ngokuma. Postojev, L.I mbali. zasemaphandleni, Ye.S yolwimi. Brazhnikov. indima yabo kubomi ziko izazinzulu abadumileyo. Kodwa elizayo walungisa obabuza kunye nemiqobo kubo.
iminyaka eyandulela (1930-1941)
uphuhliso Industrial ku-1930 es kunye notshintsho kubume bentlalo efunekayo kwinqanaba eliphezulu lemfundo yabasebenzi, kwaye zinyanzelisa ukusebenza uwunikela, ngaphandle kwentlawulo yokuqala kunye nemfundo iminyaka esixhenxe. Ukwandiswa kothungelwano yesikolo kufuneka ukwandiswa nokuphuculwa ootitshala 'imfundo abasebenzi ngakumbi. Inani labafundi landa.
233 Abafundi bamkelwa ukuze Zhytomyr lemfundo loluntu Institute 1930/31. 159 abafundi ababhalisele ukuya ekholejini kubasebenzi ngemihla ', yaye 90 - nezifundo sangokuhlwa. Amasebe ezintsha badalwa 1931: isebe Geology, Chemistry, ifilosofi, Economics Political, ulimo, Ulwimi kunye neSebe Literature. Abasebenzi ziko (43 amalungu) ithe yaphuculwa. 18 bafundi basala ukuba asebenze kwi-Institute 1931. Baba Y.F. Matkivskyi, kamva umncedisi Unjingalwazi isebe Chemistry; I.S. Ljah, kamva intloko yesebe of Economics Political, S.P. Alber, uprofesa Mathematics. ukusuka 1933 koko wabubhekisa isebe Physics and Economics.
1930-es zizele nakwiingxaki ukuba abasebenzi Zhytomyr amisa. 379 Abafundi abasishiyileyo Institute 1932, 286 - ku 1933. Isizathu kwaba indlala. Ngenxa kuyo inani labafundi iye yehla. Nje ngeziphumo, inani leengcali uphansi. 183 abafundi izidanga le Institute 1931, 106 - ku 1932, yaye 96 - ku 1933.
simiselwe, uthe kunye repressions baba ubambe nxamnye ootitshala nabafundi. 50 abafundi baye bathunyelwa phantsi ukusuka kwi-Institute for zifihla iklasi intlalo ukuze ngokuba imisebenzi counter-revolution. in 1932/33 33 abafundi, aphathwe njengezinto lutshaba, kwathunyelwa phantsi, abafundisi zhukov, tape, Posuvalov batyholwa semisebenzi ubuzwe emsebenzini. nabaFundisi S.V. Bilskyi, M.A. Mihailevich, M.A. Buinitskyi, L.K. Kulbitskyi babhaliswa kuluhlu kwiqela utshaba nayo. repressions abangenangqondo senzeka ngo kwiziko kule minyaka ilandelayo. Umonakalo kakhulu yenziwa ukuba abahlohli nabasebenzi oonjingalwazi '. Intloko ziko K.M. Tabakmaher Ubanjwe 1936, 18 abahlohli - ku 1937. 15 got isigwebo sentambo: iintloko nesibhedlela K.Ye. poppet, V.P. sound, O.S. Panteljeev, intloko Pedagogy yesebe L.M. Hinkivskyi, uprofesa P.H. Postojev, umncedisi uprofesa S.K. Kovalevskyi, abafundisi Ukrainian H.M ulwimi. Holovatyi, V.K. Omelchenko, I.D. Suhan, Chemistry A.O umfundisi. umculo, uncwadi Ukrainian A.P utitshala. Suprunovich, kutitshala wolwimi German R.I. Paul.
1930-es iminyaka kuhlela. Ngokutsho isigqibo kwe-Ofisi yoMphathiswa weMfundo eli ziko republic Zhytomyr waba zokufundisa ngo 1934, kwaye ukusuka 1st EyoMsintsi 1935 yayibizwa kwiziko kunye namacandelo amabini ootitshala ': nkululeko noluntu kunye uncwadi kunye nesebe ulwimi kunye nesebe zembali kunye oyena zendalo kunye namasebe zejografi zendalo. Iziko walungisa Ootitshala bezikolo zasesekondari majoring ngolwimi Ukrainian and Literature, imbali, Biology, Chemistry kunye neJografi. Imfundo utitshala waba zentlalo kakhulu 1930-es. Igunya ziko ukuzondelela ukutsala abantwana abasebenzi kunye neentsapho nabalimi. Ngenxa yeso sizathu iikholeji ezimbini igatha lwakwa- wadalwa Malin and Cherniahiv kunye 240 abafundi.
Ukuntsonkotha jikelele kunye nobuchule kulwimi bekukho ingxaki ingxamisekileyo ngelo xesha. Ukuze uzisombulule iiklasi ulwimi Ukrainian ziphunyeziwe kuwo onke amandla.
Kukho utshintsho ezenziwe i-History ne-Geography izicwangciso kunye neenkqubo ngokwendlela ummiselo "Malunga ukufunda bezeMbali iJografi lokuqala, izikolo "ayiphelelanga lesibini nezasesekondari (1934).
Xa es-1930 kwaba kuyenzeka ukuba isicelo ziko izihlandlo ezibini - entwasahlobo kwaye ekwindla. in 1936 inani elipheleleyo labafundi 1938 owanyusa kuhlela. Ekugqibeleni Iziko waba zokufundisa karhulumente kunye nonyaka-emine ukufunda. It ibiba kwiziko ootitshala ngonyaka-emibini 'kwaze 1952. Kwakukho iingcali kwizikolo ezingaphelelanga eziziisekondari walungisa. zeziko ngalinye waba History, Ulwimi Uncwadi, IiFakhalthi Natural ne Geographical. in 1938 Zhytomyr Institute zokufundisa wathumela 700 ootitshala kwimfundo ephakamileyo kusebenza kwizikolo ezikummandla. Kwakusekho yokunqongophala kwabasebenzi lootitshala kwizikolo ezikummandla. Inani labafundi part-time kunye nabafundi beekholeji ze lalikhula. iikhosi (1 unyaka okanye 6 inyanga) wayilungiselela izicelo zeli ziko. Ngokutsho kwe data ze-Ofisi yoMphathiswa weMfundo eli ziko republic Zhytomyr waba nani likhulu abafundi part-time.
85 abahlohli basebenza kwi kwiiyunivesithi omabini kunyaka omnye: oonjingalwazi ezimbini S.V. Bilskyi, S.M. Smolinskyi, oonjingalwazi abancedisayo abathathu kunye nabaviwa ezimbini isayensi. Ezinye Abahlohli zange unesinye isidanga. Emva kokuba Ukuhlangana West Ukraine kunye Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic in1939 abahlohli ziko sathunyelwa ukusebenza Bessarabia (kukho ukunqongophala kwabasebenzi zootitshala kummandla): V. Dobrianskyi, O.M. Popadenko, P.I. Chernjavskyi, profesa S.M. Smolinskyi ngubani likhokelwa liSebe Pedagogy eLviv Institute. Waba intloko iziko emva kwemfazwe.
Inani labafundi yaye abafundi anda kwiminyaka pre-imfazwe. 1170 Abafundi bafunda kule mihla yonke ifakwe 1940/41: e Institute zokufundisa - 490; kootitshala '- 680; kwi the part-time rhoqo - 2300. Ukuqaliswa ukufunda ngokusekelwe ngokuhlawula (Ulawulo Council of Abantu Commissars lwe Ukrainian SSR) zasinciphisa inani labafundi (428 Abafundi bathunyelwa phantsi). ngexesha 22 iminyaka Zhytomyr Institute walungisa 5.5 ootitshala abanezakhono amawaka.
Ngo-1930-uthenge abasebenzi ziko kunye nabafundi zidibene umsebenzi wokufundisa kunye inxaxheba ebomini umzi kwezentlalo nezopolitiko. in 1930 "Ikomiti Literacy" wahlelwa nesibhedlela. Babe 345 amalungu, ikakhulu kubafundi.
Abasebenzi ziko waxineka imisebenzi yesayensi; abafundi bathatha inxaxheba nabo. 17 imiqulu imisebenzi enzululwazi zapapashwa 1935-1940.
Iziko iinkomfa zesayensi waba isiko. Abafundi bathatha inxaxheba kumsebenzi yesayensi. in 1930 amasebe Physics and Mathematics, Geology, Chemistry, Economics Political, imbali, ifilosofi, ulwimi Ukrainian neencwadi wadala izangqa apho abafundi abathatha inxaxheba kumsebenzi yesayensi.
imeko yezopolitiko, ingozi impi yomkhosi bakhuthaza imfundo lobuzwe zomkhosi. ukuyala Military zaye zabandakanywa kwi-iinkqubo zemfundo.
in 1934 isebe yamajoni kunye neklasi zadalwa. Izangqa benziwa - sokudubula, pilot idalwe, izithuthuthu, kunye noncedo lokuqala lonyango. Yokudubula abahlohli nabafundi bafunda, ukusebenzisa i machinegun aphakathi machinegun ukukhanya. Kwiminyaka pre-imfazwe umsebenzi nangakumbi khona.
ngo November 1940 iqela empini, ezibandakanya 254people, yaququzelelwa evela ancedisayo. ukususela ngoFebruwari 1941 yimini yokhuselo yaqaliswa (ithathe 12 iiyure ngenyanga nganye). alombutho kwakhiwa 13 amaqela ukuba afunde kwiinkalo zomkhosi: abaqhubi radio, izithuthuthu, isabhamu semashini, parachutist, self-yokuzikhusela, medical ehlelekile. Abahlohli kwakhiwa ukuziphendulela le.
Le ingqalelo yahlawulwa ezenkcubeko nemidlalo imisebenzi kakhulu. 155 abafundi bathatha inxaxheba choir, ithiyetha, umoya ballet izangqa. tvoix, umdlali we yokubonela lendawo, iphethwe i circle theatre. Abafundi imisitho ezenkcubeko belali ze Barishivka and Stanishivka, amajoni.
iiklabhu ezintlanu zemidlalo yasebenza kwiZiko: imithambo, ukwenyusa iintsimbi, imidlalo yeembaleki, yevoli ekhatywayo. 120 abafundi bathatha inxaxheba khona.
Isiseko eziphathekayo zeli ziko eyandisiweyo kunyaka ngamnye. Iziko yayimi kwibloko emzini ekuthiwa kwidolophu umfundi. Le yaquka i main na isincedisi kunye ezimbini befunda izakhiwo kunye neklasi-namagumbi, iilebhu, zocweyo, iiHolo zeNdibano iholo yemidlalo, museum, Ithala ngaphezu 150 amawaka iincwadi. A ibala lezemidlalo senziwe nesibhedlela, yayakhelwe-kumgangatho ezine yokulala (1932) kunye nezindlu amahlanu ukuba abahlohli. A igadi yezityalo kunye nemithi unique eyirhawula nesibhedlela.
The War watshabalalisa izicwangciso zobuchule kunye iingcamango ootitshala kunye nabafundi.
Kangangeminyaka emininzi (1941-1959)
Ehlotyeni 1941 i-Institute ugcwalise unyaka rhoqo wezifundo. Kodwa imfazwe isantya ibunjwe-kakuhle ubomi yokuqala. at emini, Isilimela 22, okuqala bawa phezu Zhytomyr kwakunye nezinye izixeko zeli lizwe ezininzi.
Le mini intlanganiso senzeka kwi-Institute. Abaqhankqalazi wasola ehlasela udushe waza wenza isifungo ukunika amandla babo nkqu ukuphila ngenxa lweZwekazi. inani elikhulu yamabango ezivela oonjingalwazi kunye nabafundi ukungazithumeli kuwo imikhosi endle baqala ukuza ku. Amakhulu educatees boMbutho bajoyine ezintlwini Red Army kunye Fleet emihleni ngqa, ubhalisela abemi-in-iingalo; ambulensi kunye kwiinjengele-up ngezigaba kwasekwa nemizimba yabo.
iimviwo zokugqibela kumbuso kudlule phantsi Ukuvutha naweebhombu yotshaba. Kunye iziqu neeDiploma Teacher ayizange imenze iindlela zabo neeklasi kodwa ayemi iingalo aphuma Kwathi iimviwo kakhulu ebekekileyo kunye nzima, aqiniseke ukuba kwilizwe elinye. Abaninzi kubo wajoyina ngodade-up ibutho leyo ingqalelo yaye bafudukela phantsi esakuva utshaba kunye abavukeli. O.O.Pavlovskyi, unjingalwazi, leader butho, wayephethe. kwikomkhulu abasebenzi kwecala yayimi ehostele (Ngoku Hostel zeyunivesithi #1).
isakhiwo yeyunivesithi leyo ngokukhawuleza refurnished waya kwisibhedlele ngumkhosi bafundi njengoko orderlies.
EyeKhala, 5, a neziqhushumbisi mass nakuwubona of Zhytomyr waqala. Abafundi abaninzi kunye abemi baloo mzi wenza indlela yabo ngeenyawo ngasempumalanga ukubaleka ebukhobokeni zwilakhe waza bazibandakanya endle. Kwisibhedlele mkhosi ithunyelwe serial. I.V.Perchuk, unjingalwazi, umphathi inkonzo yonyango, ubesebenza esibhedlele phantsi bume kakhulu lwe ngobungxamo. Ngabokugqibela ukuhamba Zhytomyr baba O.K.Kasymenko, unjingalwazi, kamva eyaziwa Scientist-mbali Ukraine, inqununu NAS Institute of kwimbali USSR, B.D.Surkis and S.L.Blyzniuk.
Ngexesha leMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic umntu akwazi ukuhlangabezana oonjingalwazi, abafundi, amadoda kunye izidanga zokufundisa Institute kule migca, ku regiments guerilla, gobe kunye namaqela komhlaba kulo mmandla emsebenzini okwexeshana.
O.P.Boiarko, Usekela-Ngqonyela le Institute, ikomiti Chernivtsi ekhokelwa udada zengingqi iqela, Y.O.Kovmir, yesibini Vice-Ngqonyela, yaba nomkomishinala umyalelo guerilla, abanezidanga H.P.Mishchenko - zahlasela mbuso inkokeli amandla, Volodymyr Plotnyts'kyi - ummandla Zhytomyr ilungu iyelenqe ulutsha.
Into yokuba i-kwiminyaka wesithathu Faculty of History yedwa got 68 imiyalelo kunye ngaphezu 150 iimbasa zomkhosi uthethela izenzo ezikhulu labafundi zokufundisa Institute ngexesha leMfazwe. Ukuzingisa kunye nesibindi ukuze sizukiswe kumzekelo irekhodi kulwa umfundi esikolweni imbalelwano, arhente olwenze Zhytomyr ikomiti iqela lommandla oyimfihlo Maria Tyshkevych. Le ntombazana kunye namaxwebhu udadewabo yakha, kunye neesiginitsha counterfeited amagosa wayekwazi zwilakhe 'ngaloo asindise abantu abaninzi abatsha abasebenzi Germany yamaNazi. Yena ibambeke ezingontsini sentuthumbo zwilakhe kodwa akukho sentuthumbo wenza ukuba baveze komhlaba. UMaria wadibana ukufa wakhe ngentliziyo-wonke ngokuthanda uhlanga. Yena ke wangcwatyelwa ebhedini kwiwonga Bohynia.
Amakhulu abafundi, inqwaba oonjingalwazi kunye nabalingane ye-Institute wafa njengamaqhawe zezembeko nokuzimela lweZwekazi yabo. A.V.Pavlovskyi, Ngqonyela of the Institute, O.P.Boiarko, V.P.Vynohradov, Vice-iirektha, no H.P.Yemsenko, S.T.Parkhomchuk, inqununu Faculty of Workers, oonjingalwazi B.D.Surkis, V.D.Dobryvechir nabanye bafa. Usapho Institute ugcina memory sacredly uzazisa kubo. A uphawu yesikhumbuzo ekuhlonipheni oonjingalwazi, abafundi nabalingane yawa phambi kotshaba ngenxa ezweni lokuzalwa ku 1941-1945 yasekwa kufuphi kwesakhiwo senqwelo.
Night January, 1, 1944 isixeko wakhululwa nabanqobi lwamaNazi. M.S.Bovsunivskyi (unjingalwazi kamva umhlobo yeSebe of History and Economy Political), P.K.Serbin (Unjingalwazi World Imbali iSebe), O.O.Boiko (unjingalwazi Ukrainian Department Literature), I.T.Yarosh (unjingalwazi abaphezulu yeSebe Pedagogy) baba phakathi releasers yayo.
Emva kokukhululwa Zhytomyr waba ubugxwayiba. izakhiwo Campus i-Institute kunye nekhabhathi yayo, iilebhu, ilayibrari, zokuhlala oonjingalwazi ', kunye kuleya zonakala. Kodwa ke urhulumente yokuqala ka Ukraine kunye namagunya asekuhlaleni wathabatha amanyathelo ukubuyisela iziko lemfundo ephakamileyo. Kudala ehlotyeni 1944, oonjingalwazi kunye nabalingane kwaqashwa; nokwamkelwa kwabafundi yeziswa isenzo.
EyoMsintsi, 1, 1944, i-Institute wavula unyaka omtsha wezifundo, lowo wokuqala emva kokukhululwa. ukuba unezi 9 amasebe 31 oonjingalwazi. amandla ezimbini kwaqalwa. Ezi Faculty of History kunye Language-Uncwadi Faculty kuquka Ukrainian kwaye Russian ne-Ofisi Literature. Ekubeni kuka- zokufundisa Institute uqeqesho esikolweni basebenza khono ezifanayo phantsi inkqubo eyahlukileyo. V.V.Chupryna wamiselwa yiNgqonyela of the Institute, Y.A.Kovmir and I.I.Shaniuk - njengokuba uSekela-iirektha. Ixesha esifanayo oonjingalwazi abatsha bafika kwi-Institute. Zizo ezo M.I.Petrovskyi, Ukusondela kubuNjingalwazi, Kamva iNtloko yeSebe Marxism-noLenin, D.A.Kolomiiets, INtloko yeSebe of Literature Ukrainian, O.M.Semenova, INtloko yeSebe of Foreign Languages, M.M.Lapshyn, INtloko yeSebe leMfundo Military, oonjingalwazi S.I.Losiev, M.P.Bershii, T.M.Rybakov, N.M.Baryshpol 'nabanye.
Lo ibingunyaka wokuzalwa yesibini Institute. Ekuqaleni iziko lemfundo ephakamileyo kwiindawo eziphakamileyo phakathi kwendlu ka ekholejini yezolimo, ngoko - ekwakheni Zhytomyr School #20. Abasebenzi yayiquka unjingalwazi omnye oonjingalwazi ezine yamalena, abanye zange ilifa izidanga zemfundo kunye nezihloko. Babe 168 Abafundi abangayanga full-time imfundo 545 - imbalelwano isifundo.
I-Institute wabaleka phantsi kweemeko ezinzima kakhulu kwiminyaka kwizibuko-imfazwe yokuqala. Ngaphandle nayiphi ukukhanya zokufudumeza, apho intetho-kumagumbi izifundo windows zibethelelwe-up, tutorials, theses lungiselelo zenzeka, iingxelo enzululwazi zasiwa. Abafundi bamamela izifundo yaye wenza amanqaku ehleli kumgangatho yodongwe. Kwakukho ukungabi 16 oonjingalwazi, izixhobo noqeqesho, Nkulumo-Amagumbi, kunye zokuhlala zabasebenzi, kwiihostele kubafundi. Oonjingalwazi kunye nabafundi wenza iitafile iidesika, wazifaka iingcango neefestile zonke bodwa. umsebenzi wenziwa ngabasebenzi ukubuyisela ilayibrari ekhokelwa N.V.Kozlovska.
Emva kokuphela noloyiso Enkulu Patriotic War eli lizwe anamava nesidingo abasebenzi yokufundisa. Oku tasks amatsha amaziko zokufundisa ephakamileyo emfundo ukuze basombulule. Ngokuka Y.Y.Fialko, ingxelo entsha inqununu Ministry of Education of Ukraine (1945), 453 Abafundi abangayanga imfundo yexesha elizeleyo kuquka 46 bakhelwe abakhubazekileyo. Njengoko ukuba enkulu apho le ngxelo yabonisa ukuba zonke iifestile sele paned kwaye kukho zizakhelo kabini ngokwenene; abafundi baye got iimakhishithi nangona zazingekho pillows. Ngemizamo yabo, oonjingalwazi kunye nabafundi esezilungiswe isakhiwo academic, oyibekele iinkuni ubusika, babutha isivuno yokulima part-time, waza wathabatha inxaxheba ekucoceni kunye namahlathi yesixeko.
in 1946, Y.O.Kovmir waqeshwa njengenqununu le Institute, P.T.Markushevskyi - njengoSekela Mlawuli izifundo kunye nomsebenzi wophando, S.T.Radchuk-Pavlenko wafakwa njengoko uMlawuli Philological Faculty, K.O.Kyseliov - njengokuba uMlawuli we-Faculty of History. in 1947, iSebe of Language Russian iye ekhokelwa M.B.Khramoi, iSebe zokufundisa - ngu N.I.Mykhailova, iSebe Modern Imbali - ngu L.A.Kovalenko, Umviwa of Sciences zembali, kunye neSebe Russian kunye World Imbali - ngu S.T. Radchuk-Pavlenko. Ngokuthe ngcembe, eziphilayo, ukusebenza nokufunda kwi-Institute ngcono.
in 1948, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics kuquka iSebe Physics kunye neSebe Mathematics waqhubeka nomsebenzi wayo emva kokuphazamiseka konyaka-16. V.M.Kostarchuk waba Principal wayo wokuqala. in 1949, Faculty of Foreign Languages waqalisa umsebenzi wayo kwaye kungekudala yaxobuka ukuba iziko elizimeleyo.
in 1950, elinokuvela labafundi ngaphaya 2 abantu amawaka. Babe 770 baya imfundo imini-shift ne 1262 - imbalelwano isifundo. iklasi Pedagogue landa elifanayo. Iziko lemfundo ephakamileyo wanika ilizwe 472 iingcali; 60% kubo wavuka ukuqeshwa ukuba yinxalenye yasentshona Ukraine.
umsebenzi wokufundisa yezenzululwazi-iindlela eziphuculiweyo. in 1958, IXth umthamo (lowo wokuqala emva kwemfazwe) IScientific Notes (umgca physico-izibalo) wakhutshwa. L.A.Kovalenko, Ukusondela kubuNjingalwazi, V.M.Prylypko, V.I.Pivtoradnia and B.I.Khatset baba luncedo kakhulu ngelo xesha. iinkqubo zabo wambamba ingqalelo uluntu zenzululwazi ebanzi. Oonjingalwazi amalungiselelo inani lwemethodoloji text-iincwadi zabafundi. Phakathi kwezinye zezi zilandelayo, Drama O.Korniichuk kaThixo zokuFunda Secondary School yi V.I.Pivtoradnia, ikhondo ezishwankathelweyo lectures Old Slavonic Language ngu T.V.Baimut, Ukusondela kubuNjingalwazi. ISebe Ukrainian Language kunye abadala abafeza uhambo ukufunda Zhytomyr mmandla nezendawo.
Imbali yokufunda Polissia waba sikhethekileyo uphando oonjingalwazi lenzululwazi. Scientific Notes (1957) enikelwe kule kwaye iqulathe nemihlathi yophando kwimiba zemimandla.
Ngeli xesha kwempi, ixhomekeke ku 1957 obandakanya, i Institute ekhutshwe 7 komthamo Notes Scientific ebonisa uphando iqela zokufundisa landa. in 1955-1957, 109 uphando lwezenzululwazi-iindlela amaphepha epapashwe kooprofesa.
Kule ixesha lonke emva kwemfazwe Faculty of History ebandakanya uninzi lwamalungu ex-servicemen kunye guerilla iphumelele ephambili inkqubela academic and yezifundo. in 1948-1950, babe 39 abafundi emihle akuba izidanga kwi-Institute iimbeko. Kwisithuba 14 kweminyaka emva kweMfazwe, 1.6 amawaka abafundi bafumana imfundo iiyure off-emsebenzini.
in 1956, Faculty of History sakhutshelwa Lutsk zokufundisa Institute.
Abafana namabhinqa athatha inxaxheba kubomi bentlalo kunye umsebenzi wasekhaya. Phantse ngonyaka ngamnye bancedisana iifama ehlangeneyo ukuqokelela isivuno, waya newground, babesebenza zokudlala abantwana kunye namagumbi Intsha, wambuyisela central Barton of the Institute, izakhiwo campus, zamathala eencwadi sidliwe.
iimeko Students 'ukuphila okungcono. in 1954, ihostele lokuqala 250 wayekulungele ukwaba abafundi kwiindawo. ukuqokelelwa Book of zethala boMbutho amanye. imisebenzi inkxaso Yokuziphatha kuphuhliswa.
Ngokuthe ngcembe, kwesakhiwo i-Institute wavuka ekonakalisweni. in 1959 wedwa, oonjingalwazi kunye nabafundi ezihambe 48 indoda-ziintsuku eziliwaka. Kuthini okuthe vetshe, iindlela turnpike, NoLonwabo kunye Entertainment Park kunye intsimi lweembaleki sihlelwe imigudu yootitshala elizayo.
Abasebenzi Institute banzi abafowunelwa yenzululwazi kunye neyakhayo kunye abafundi kumaziko ahlukeneyo ephakamileyo emfundo yelizwe. Izazinzulu ezivela eMoscow, eLeningrad, Kyïv, kunye Odesa emandiyenze kubafundi bethu. ukukhuthazana zokudlwengula IScientific Notes waye waphucuka ngeentonga of Institutes zokufundisa e Vinnytsia, Izmail, Odesa, Mykolaiv, Kamianets-Podilskyi, Chernihiv. Okudluliswa kwamagunya Zhytomyr State zokufundisa Institute lwatyelela ezithuba eziphezulu zemfundo Minsk, eMoscow, eLeningrad, Homel, Volhohrad.
O.P.Yura-Yuraskyi, Artist abazukileyo Ukraine, Wabonakala Institute ekwenzeni ucengcelezo zakhe zoncwadi. Ababukeli kunye ababhali ezifana M.Rylskyi, A.Malyshko, V.Kucher, V.Sosiura, L.Pervomaiskyi, M.Nahnybida, V.Kozachenko, S.Oliinyk, H.Boiko, P.Sieverov kwenzeka apha ngokunjalo.
1960-1990
Zhytomyr State zokufundisa Institute waqalisa 60 yawo phantsi kokusingqongileyo siqala ukuba democratize ubomi nezentlalo zelizwe. ephezulu umzimba wayo olawulo yaba kwiBhodi Institute, kodwa ukusukela 1972 yaba iBhodi Academic kubandakanya onguMphathi, Vice-Ngqonyela, lama-, oonobhala party and Komsomol, abalawuli oonjingalwazi kunye nabafundi 'iikomiti zemanyano zabasebenzi, Iintloko zamasebe, oonjingalwazi eziphezulu, kunye nabafundi.
ukususela ngoJanuwari, 1958, I.F.Osliak, Umviwa of Sciences Philological, Ukusondela kubuNjingalwazi, Wasebenza Ngqonyela of the Institute; ngoDisemba, 1973, P.S.Hornostai, Umviwa of Sciences zokufundisa, Ukusondela kubuNjingalwazi, waba Ngqonyela of the Institute; ku October, 1986, ukuba akabakhokela I.M. Kucheruk, uNjingalwazi.
utshintsho bezikolo ezizisekondari ukuba kwekharityhulam entsha-60, ukuqaliswa phezulu imfundo zikarhulumente eziziisekondari-izinga injongo zokufundisa ngo kude. Umthwalo iphambili yale lenguqulelo bawa phezu Pro-iirektha e M.P.Zhurbas umsebenzi wokufundisa, L.M.Kurkcha, kunye M.M.Osadchyi ngubani kwenziwe le misebenzi ukususela 1977.
Ekuqaleni le-60, i-Institute abaphumelele abasebenzi zokufundisa phezu amandla ezimbini iziqu amakhono elinanye imfundo yexesha elizeleyo, kwaye ezintathu kumasebe imbalelwano.
I-Faculty of Philology banikela amathuba ekufumaneni isidanga: Ulwimi Ukrainian and Literature, Ulwimi Russian kunye Uncwadi, Ulwimi Russian and Literature IsiNgesi uLwimi, Ulwimi Russian and Literature noLwimi German; Ulwimi Russian and Literature kunye Pedagogy kubafundi abavela Uzbekistan (ngexesha 1959-1973); Ulwimi Russian kunye Uncwadi kwisikolo sokuziphatha kubafundi abavela Kazakhstan (ngo 1971-1993).
I-Faculty of Physics and Mathematics abaqeqeshiweyo abaziingcali: Physics and Mathematics, Mathematics and Physics, Physics and IsiNgesi uLwimi, Physics and ezingundoqo iinkalo, Mathematics and Technical Drawing.
isebe Imbalelwano ngootitshala abaqeqeshiweyo kuLwimi Ukrainian kunye Uncwadi, Ulwimi Russian kunye Uncwadi, Mathematics. phezu 1944-1971, isebe kuthathwa lezifundo phantsi isebe lemfundo yexesha elizeleyo. Sicinga ukuba i-60, 42 epesenti ootitshala ka kummandla Zhytomyr, ke ngoku 36 ekhulwini kwabo-70, awunayo imfundo ephakamileyo, uninzi lwabantu obhaliso lwabafundi Institute abafundi extramural. Kuyancedisana amakhono zikhankanywe ngasentla babe namathuba ukuba afumane imfundo enomsila IsiNgesi uLwimi noLwimi French (1963-1972), ku Biology (ukususela 1974), kunye Pedagogy kunye Primary Education Iindlela (ukususela 1978).
in 1962-1968, Jikelele Scientific Faculty kuquka iSebe zezingoluntu neMathematika wasebenza abafundi extramural. Abafundi bafunda ukufumana isidanga History, Science Library, Science Legal, Ulwimi Ukrainian and Literature, Ulwimi Russian kunye Uncwadi, Ulwimi lesingesi, ulwimi French, Mathematics, physics. ngelo xesha, abafundi waya ukufunda yokufumana amakhono eminye ukhetho kumaziko aphakamileyo emfundo ka Ukraine phantsi kwamasebe imbalelwano.
in 1963, Faculty of Foreign Languages njengoko lezifundo eyahlukileyo wasungulwa phantsi kokhuselo lwe-Faculty of Philology. Le nkululeko ziingcali e IsiNgesi and German Languages, alibeke 1972 - kuLwimi French. Abafundi abavela Uzbekistan akwazi ukufumana isidanga IsiNgesi uLwimi ngokunjalo.
I-70 baphuma ukuba iminyaka ukwanda okuphawulekayo kwandiswe Institute. Emva Berdychiv zokufundisa Institute kwayekwa i-Faculty of Natural Sciences sakhutshelwa Zhytomyr (1972). I-Faculty ofanelekileyo kootitshala Biology and Chemistry. in 1976, sokuzikhethela yesihlanu wasungulwa. Le Faculty of Education Primary imfundo yexesha elizeleyo yaye ukufunda imbalelwano. Kwangethuba enyakeni, Faculty ecetywayo an okukhethekile olongezelelweyo - Music.
Inani amasebe, abafundi, ootitshala, kunye nabalingane kabini. Ngoko ke kuyimfuneko ukuba redeploy tutorials zibe iiyure ezimbini.
in 1979, i-Institute iphumelele yesibini ngcono phakathi amaziko zokufundisa ngomsebenzi abafundi best ', umbutho ubomi kunye nexesha lokuphola. Hostele #3 yaphumelela ibhaso lokuqala. M.O.Lukin waba intsumpa le Ihostele ngexesha. Iziko le mbasa ngenxa impumelelo yayo iidiploma of Republican Trade IiKomiti Union kunye Ministry of Education of Ukraine.
ukukhula obhaliso njalo, origination amandla amatsha kwaye amakhono efunekayo mba enkulu malunga nokuphuculwa kweendawo.
in 1962, isakhiwo lekholeji waba ngokutsha ngokupheleleyo. in 1979, sokudubula gallery kunye zenkcenkce kunye nokusebenza zokusebenzela. in 1987, campus entsha ye-Faculty of Foreign Languages wavalelwa ikhomishini. ngexesha 1972-1981 phezu kwendawo ye 15 yeehektare, Amagumbi uqeqesho-elebhu kunye noqeqesho-ezincinane zorhwebo yesikhululo agrobiological bakha. in 1988, kuncendile kwikhampasi yokwakha i-Faculty of Science Natural wayephethe. in 1990, ezinemigangatho ezisibhozo-isakhiwo esitsha uqeqesho-laboratory okwamiswa kubandakanywa yokugqiba ezintathu kwakhiwa 1992. phezu 30 kwiminyaka, indawo ye Institute Expanded kane.
Abafundi zaba yemfundo 217 iiholo, owatsho 14 baba khona amakhulu. Kuba apho kwakhiwa 25 iilebhu ezizodwa 59 izifundo, ekuziswe inxalenye enkulu kubo zixhotyiswe ngezibonelelo noqeqesho.
Abafundi bangasebenzisa iihostele ezintlanu (kwavulwa 1935, 1956, 1972, 1981, 1986); wokuqala emva aid kuquka amagumbi kokubonisana nokwenza, ofisi wamazinyo, neewadi amahlanu awodwa. Apho kweehostele 2 amawaka abafundi 82 iintsapho babehlala.
Xa ngenxa neemfuno ezikhulayo izikolo eziziisekondari ukuba ootitshala inani labasebenzi yokufundisa academic ukwanda. in 1960, 73 oonjingalwazi esebenza 12 iminyango, owatsho 27 oonjingalwazi wandivelisa izidanga kwizifundo Abaviwa of Sciences kunye namagama academic yezinye iingcali kumhlobo. in 1990, 22 amasebe wababala 289 oonjingalwazi kubandakanya 10 Doctors, oonjingalwazi, 114 Abaviwa of Sciences, oonjingalwazi kunye phakathi kwabo.
Kule 60 ubudala, malunga neekhilomitha amaphepha yezenzululwazi 1.2 amawaka sheets eshicilelweyo umqulu gross kunye 17 komthamo Scientific Notes zazikhutshwa yi yemigudu izazi Institute. 84 monographs, 556 umbhalo-iincwadi kunye nezikhokelo indlela, 11 Abaqokeleli amanqaku kunye Izicatshulwa, 108 ningenza, engaphezulu kwe 2 amawaka amanqaku zishicilelwe ngaphakathi elandelayo 20 kwiminyaka. ngexesha 30 kwiminyaka, igalelo boMbutho inkqubela yengcinga yenzululwazi wafikelela 3,750 amaphepha enzululwazi.
ngokuphindaphindiweyo, i-Institute indawo republic, interuniversity, kunye neenkomfa zengingqi. Thuswise neenkomfa zilandelayo republic lwezenzululwazi kumsitho 70th yaye 75th ukuzalwa M.T.Rylskyi, 110th yaye 115th ukuzalwa I.Franko, 150th ukuzalwa T.H.Shevchenko, 100th ukuzalwa M.M.Kotsiubynskyi, 170th Isikhumbuzo sokufa H.S.Skovoroda kaThixo, 100th ukuzalwa Lesia Ukrainka, kunye neelwimi kunye nethiyori imiba zoncwadi senzeka apha.
Ukunikeza uncedo esikolweni waba ngomnye imigca i-Institute phambili xa. ukususela 1970, zonke izithili mmandla zaye lixakathiswe kumasebe ahlukeneyo. Ngowe-1970, izifundo ngenyanga uqeqesho lootitshala esinzulu amakhono asibhozo aqala ukusebenza. phezu 20 kwiminyaka, 14.5 namawaka-waka abafundisi zommandla abagqibe iikhosi ngokutsha. in 1984, Basics izifundo Computer Science and Computer Engineering kwavulwa kwi-Faculty of Physics and Mathematics. Rhoqo ngonyaka ngaphezu 400 ootitshala beMathematika bafunda izinto iinkqubo kunye nenkqubo yekhompyutha practice. Xa ngokutsha republic ye Institute iphumelele yesibini kakhulu ekunikeni uncedo luncedo ezikolweni (1975). ngexesha 1970-1990 wedwa, 170 umbhalo-iincwadi kunye ngaphezu 300 imiyalelo Indlela zakhutshelwa izikolo.
Ukuqaliswa awanyanzele zikarhulumente zemfundo-level nezizisekondari ngo-60 ukucwangcisa umsebenzi ukubonelela izikolo, iikholeji zoqeqesho, Izikolo ngokuzithandela kunye nezikolo zobugcisa ngokuzithandela kunye nabasebenzi zokufundisa. Njengoko ku 1960, obhaliso abafundi kwaba 2.4 amawaka abantu kubandakanya 760 full-time abafundi 1.7 amawaka abafundi extramural; ngo 1970, sifika 1.6 yaye 1.5 amawaka labafundi esihambelana. Kwenye iminyaka elishumi, ubhaliso kwaba 2.4 amawaka abafundi abasisigxina kunye 1.1 amawaka abafundi extramural. EyoMsintsi, 1, 1990, obhaliso abafundi Institute 2.8 amawaka abafundi imfundo yexesha elizeleyo yaye 1.6 amawaka abafundi extramural. amanani amakhulu kubo yeeParalympics, kubantu abatsha abahlala kwimimandla yasemaphandleni. Isibini ka-yexesha elizeleyo wokwamkelwa lwaqhutywa yi abashiya kwilali yesikolo, ukususela 1972. Kuphela amalungu imfundo ethandwayo, uphumile omkhosi, kunye ngabaphumelela iikholeji zoqeqesho lootitshala ababebhalise isifundo imbalelwano. in 1990, abantu abatsha abo babhalisele imfundo yexesha elizeleyo baba ngu 50 cent ukuba reception ekujoliswe nganye. Aba bafundi zesebe wokulungiselela kunye Zhytomyr Teacher Training College.
izakhono Professional izidanga ezimilise ngenxa kumbutho ukufundisa unaso isakhono. Ezi ntlobo zilandelayo ukufundisa kwangena kwinkqubo yoqeqesho abafundi ngokuphathelele umsebenzi yesayensi-wokufundisa: practice yezentlalo nopolitiko, on-academic ukufundisa abafundi of 1st yaye 2d izifundo, ukufundisa kwiinkampu Pioneer, baziqhelanise msebenzi amaqembu zokufundisa, practice emsebenzini ukuze abafundi 4th izifundo umsebenzi out-of-school emfundo kwi-emsebenzini, ufundisa indlela kwizikolo ze Zhytomyr kunye kummandla.
ukususela 1977, practice kubafundi of 1st-5th Kakade phantsi izikolo banika ithuba ukuze ukufundisa ibe eqhubekayo. Abafundi Faculty of yoQeqesho looTitshala yokuqala wenza umsebenzi wabo kwithuba leminyaka emithathu ezikhokelela kwiklasi enye. Phambi practice zezikolo zazo, abafundi yecandelo ekhankanywe kunye Faculty of Sciences Natural liqalise inkqubo entsimini kwisikhululo agrobiological le Institute. Ingqwalasela enkulu ngale yinxalenye umsebenzi wayevuma. Minyaka, 60-62 per cent labafundi abapase ukufundisa kunye uphawu kakhulu, phezulu ukuba 35 eepesenti baqeqeshwayo zaba uphawu 'elungileyo'.
Uhambo ezindaweni Uzuko zomkhosi kunye nabasebenzi, Ikonsathi kubhalisa iinkedama, iindlela sa ukuba Denyshiv sithebeni abhace, ethwele of Memory iiwotshi Campaign Letter Isosha xa, ubunkokeli kulutsha, mathematic, ngokomzimba, nezikolo astronomic, kunye studio zoncwadi abantwana, Ingqokelela izityalo medical, ukungcitywa kweholo Odumo ngokunomkhethe kwidolophana Kopyshchi kunye ezifana - imisebenzi luncedo bonke aba bafundi baba ngu '.
Ngexesha semester ukusebenza wesithathu, 282 imikhosi zokwakha abasebenze emhlabeni entsha Krym, Mykolaiv, Kherson, Kyïv, Tiumen, Orlov, nemimandla Mahadan. Bafezekise 21 lezigidi eeruble (sokulinganisa kwamaxabiso 1990) utyalo-capital, ngokutsha 51 izikolo, dibene 5 wakha, yakhiwe 128 zokudlala, 78 okufundela.
Amaqela italente engahlawulwayo baba phezulu kuluhlu yoqeqesho abafundi abatsha. Yateriv ingoma yesintu choir kwayala M.O.Nykorchuk, kunye Suzir'ia Inkampani dancing sikhokelwa V.O.Svitelskyi baziwa kulo mmandla nangaphandle waza isihloko Abantu (1987). Kalyna folk iqela sikhokelwa P.I.Antonevskyi kunye Elehia uyakhala iqela ngqo ngu V.V.Sychevska ndasisa esi sihloko kanye.
Indlela multipronged ngokuphathelele umsebenzi wokufundisa kunye nophando kwi ubuchule intelligence-ezijolise leengcali elizayo yaba osisinyaniso zonke izisombululo elafikayo ngayo nabasebenzi Institute efumaneka kule minyaka 1960-1980. iinguqu ezintsha ubuninzi nobulunga, amawa ezintsha ukusebenzisa babesiza phambili. eyandulela 70 iminyaka emsebenzini isiseko ezo Ukusetyenziswa.
Iminyaka yokuqala geqe Ukraine (1991-2001)
Ukuzimela of Ukraine ngo 1991 iinguqu ezifunekayo kulawulo, kuhlela kwesakhiwo, ekuphuculeni iinkqubo zemfundo, kunye nokusekwa kwe kumasebe ezintsha. Umsebenzi wokuqala ku-1990 es ibikukubonelela kwinqanaba eyimfuneko semfundo ukuhlangana iimpawu karhulumente kunye nemigangatho.
ukuba 1999 baphumeleleyo wafumana isidanga "ingcaphephe" ngenxa yemfundo ngokupheleleyo eziziisekondari. Isuka e 1 ka September 1999 eyunivesithi (wanikwa iwonga) iinkosi ukulungele kwifomu yokufunda-for-mali, ukusuka 1of Septemba 2000 - kwifomu-mali karhulumente kwi lemfundo ngokwesiseko 'eengcali' isidanga. zaye i ezintsha izicwangciso kunye neenkqubo befunda eziphuhliswe.
Ekuqaleni 1990-es nesibhedlela obandakanywa 5 amandla, yomnyango wokulungiselela kunye 22 eminyangweni 289 abafundisayo ayesebenza. Phakathi kwabo kwakukho 10 oogqirha, oonjingalwazi, 114 abaviwa nenzululwazi, umncedisi oonjingalwazi, ootitshala abathathu baboniswe yemfundo ephakamileyo kunye nenkcubeko Ukraine. ukuba unezi 42.9 % bonke abasebenzi.
307 abahlohli basebenza kwiyunivesithi 2001, 176 Kubo bekukho izidanga zenzululwazi; it isandiso 57.3% abasebenzi. Phakathi kwazo ilungu le-National Academy of Science of Ukraine, amalungu amabini ofana nawo womGaqo-National Academy of Science of Ukraine, ehambelana ilungu le-Agricultural Academy of Ukraine, 28 oogqirha, oonjingalwazi, 148 abaviwa nenzululwazi, umncedisi oonjingalwazi, 8 abasebenzi ukulahlwa of Ukraine (imfundo, isikolo aphezulu, inkcubeko kunye noqeqesho ngokomzimba), engaphezulu kwe 40 Abahlohli kakhulu ngemfundo Ukraine, abaphengululi abaselula - abanini sinikeziwe yeKhabhinethi yabaPhathiswa Ukraine kunye fund "Vidrodzhenia" ("Imvuselelo"). Inani labasebenzi kunye izidanga khula 14%.
Inani amasebe linyuke ukusuka 22 ukuba 31 ngo 1991 - 2001 kwiminyaka, kwaye inani izifundo eziphambili ukusuka 13 ukuba 21. Kukho kwangena izifundo ezintsha eziphambili: ulwimi Ukrainian kunye neencwadi kunye Country Study of Ukraine, ulwimi Ukrainian kunye neencwadi kunye Pedagogy Social, ulwimi Ukrainian kunye neencwadi and History, Imbali nolwimi Ukrainian kunye neencwadi, iiklasi zesikolo Primary and Practical Psychology, Mathematics and yokwazisa, ulwimi German kunye IsiNgesi kunye neencwadi, ulwimi Ukrainian kunye neencwadi kunye Educational Materials Editing, Chemistry Biology etc.
Iimeko ezintsha ezifunekayo utshintsho methodological. Ukuphunyezwa iiteknoloji ezintsha kunye neendlela zokufundisa esebenzayo ke kubaluleke kakhulu the1990-es. Le block-ngeemodyuli grade-sikalini iinkqubo ziye zaziswa, imidlalo didactical kunye nendima zalungelelaniswa practice.
Technologies ukufundela inkqubo yophando, intsebenziswano kunye nokwakhiwa kwakusetyenziswa iiklasi Pedagogy practical. Umsebenzi owenziwe lisebe Pedagogy useko ukuba zokufundisa manual-ncwadi epapashwe yi-Institute of the inkqubo yophando kwe-Ofisi yoMphathiswa weMfundo of Ukraine ngo 1995.
Computerization yenkqubo lemfundo ubambisa ku. Physics kunye nesebe Mathematics liqalise ikhondo sokusebenzisa computer kwinkqubo ukufunda. Ikhosi yagidimela iiphakheji kunye neenkqubo kuphuhliswa seMathematika yokwazisa kunye namasebe Physics. iinkqubo ezinjalo ziye ngokubanzi ezisetyenziswa liSebe Psychology ukuhlela iimvavanyo zengqondo. Abafundi abafundi master degree kunye PhD baye kwiikhosi lomsebenzi wophando lwekhompyutha. Iikhompyutha asetyenziswa iimvavanyo iimvavanyo ezintsonkothileyo.
E 1990 babe 104 iikhompyutha, ngo 2001 - 230, ikakhulu kukhona 13 iiklasi computer nge 203 iindawo zokusebenza. Ezona mpawu technical osekhulile. Abasebenzi eyunivesithi kunye nabafundi kufuneka ukufikelela kwi zisiza Internet ne e-mail. Kungekudala kwinethiwekhi yekhompyutha corporative baya kupheliswa. Isebe zokuxhaphaza database, inethiwekhi esuka kwikhompyutha kunye nezixhobo ze-ofisi liqalise umsebenzi wayo.
I IsiNgesi Utitshala iziko lemfundo-self yakhuthaza ukuphunyezwa ubuchwepheshe bale mihla kwinkqubo yokufunda IsiNgesi kweli ziko kunye namaziko emfundo kummandla. Oku kwadalwa 1995. Eli ziko kubandakanya 5 iilebhu: ubuchwepheshe bale mihla kule yokufunda IsiNgesi, i German yokufunda ulwimi, yokufunda ulwimi IsiNgesi, lokufundela eqhelekileyo ulwimi angaphandle ukufunda, i eklasini IsiNgesi. abafundi kunye 120 ootitshala kumsebenzi mmandla ngokuqhelekileyo kwiziko elisuke kwilebhu methodological. Lixhotyiswe iincwadi ezizizo mihla, uncwadi, komsindo nevidiyo-izinto. Iiklasi ngolwimi lwasemzini ukufunda ubuchwepheshe bale mihla, iinkomfa uthathe indawo apho. Eli ziko osebenzisana kunye neBhunga British, the American Center, Centre International, Peace Corps, i fund "Vidrodzhenja" ("Imvuselelo"), nezindlu zokupapasha angaphandle. Kuyinto ilungu ngamazwe TESOL umbutho. Eli ziko bathatha inxaxheba kwintlangano kolu khuphiswano All-Ukrainian kwi iilwimi zasemzini ukulungiselela abafundi bezikolo ezizisekondari (1996) kwaye ukhuphiswano All-Ukrainian ukuba utitshala best ulwimi lwasemzini yonyaka (1997).
Le ubuchwepheshe bale mihla kwinkqubo ukufunda ukuba ikhuthaze ukukhula yomsebenzi yomfundi ngamnye, Bakhuthaza ephanda zabo; umphumo uya kuba neziqhamo. Abafundi iphumelele 40 iindawo umvuzo kwi kukhuphiswano zezifundo All-Ukrainian kwiMathematika, Zenzululwazi, Biology, Chemistry, Psychology, Practical Psychology, IsiNgesi, Pedagogy, ulwimi Ukrainian noncwadi, ulwimi German, Pedagogy lweNtlalo 1997-2001. Bayithabatha iindawo lokuqala kukhuphiswano All-Ukrainian yophando umfundi e Pedagogy kunye Psychology ku 1998-2001; kuphela 2001 babe 12 iindawo umvuzo kwi kukhuphiswano kwisifundo All-Ukrainian.
Xa Konke-Union kukhuphiswano umfundi Olexandr Sarana wabelana ibhaso lokuqala kunye umfundi ovela eMoscow Lomonosov University, kunye Dmitro Stepanchikov wabelana ibhaso lokuqala kunye umfundi ovela University naseNovosibirsk.
abafundi, Abafundi PhD kunye nabahlohli ukuthatha inxaxheba kukhuphiswano ezahlukeneyo yoqeqesho ukufunda kwelinye. Kwiminyaka yokugqibela ababenayo noqeqesho kwi-UK, eusa, Jemani, Ostriya , France ne Poland.
Le yunivesithi uqhuba iphanda e worldwork theory azakuthi ankcede ukuba abafundi 'ukufunda kunye nemfundo, ukuphuculwa zoqeqesho lootitshala, Indlela esikolweni eliphezulu, ukufunda lizwe zembali, ubuzwe kule ncwadi Ukrainian, isigama nezendawo Polesia ', isiseko ngokobugcisa ukhuseleko kwizilwanyana Ukrainian ziveze yayo, iingxaki uphando isigama IsiNgesi mihla, ukuvelisa izinto semiconductor, crystals ulwelo, Uphando lweempawu yabo njl.
Abafundi izidanga ukuqhubeka efunda zabo eyunivesithi okanye ezinye iiyunivesithi Ukrainian kwaye ufumane amaqondo PhD. Abafundi bokuqala izidanga waqalisa ukufunda kwiyunivesithi 1992. Namhlanje kukho 11 izifundo eziphambili kunye 35 abafundi ababhalise. Abafundi abaneziqu ziye waziphendulela 23 theses ngolwimi Ukrainian, Theory of iincwadi, Biology, Pedagogy, kwiilwimi zesiJamani; 13 imisebenzi zilungiselelwa inkqubo zokhuselo. Izifundiso waziphendulela 5 PhD zomgunyathi 68 umncedisi uprofesa isebenza kule yokugqibela 10 kwiminyaka.
A ijenali "Visnik of Zhytomyr eyunivesithi zokufundisa" elipapashwe 1998; ke ezihlangwini "Scientific", sihlelwa zeli ziko zokufundisa ngo-1920 es. Engaphezulu kwe 5.5 amanqaku yenzululwazi kunye methodological amawaka zishicilelwe.
in 1990 kwakukho izama ukubonelela izikolo eziziisekondari ngaphezulu ngoncwadi zemfundo methodological mihla. 126 iincwadi zezifundo zapapashwa wokugqibela 5 kwiminyaka.
Izicwangciso zemfundo zatshintshwa ngenxa utshintsho kubomi nezentlalo zelizwe; inkqubo izifundo ezizodwa, iisemina kunye nezifundo ozikhethelayo yaqaliswa; lukhuthaza ukulungiselela ngcono umsebenzi wepraktikhali. Yesifundo ngasinye nababekhona eyenzelwe iimvavanyo ukujonga umgangatho ulwazi ubulunga bayo. Kukho iimvavanyo elukhuni abanezidanga ikhosi. Iiprogram zemfundo zaye zaphuhliswa ukuze izifundo ngaphandle iinkqubo zemfundo eyodwa.
Ukuphuculwa kwenkqubo ukufunda wanika iziphumo emveliso. Inkqubela-avareji ukufunda i 95-96%, mfanelo - 56-60. Ezi ziphumo zikholisa wazibonakalisa iziphumo zeemvavanyo ezintsonkothileyo kwizifundo ezahlukeneyo iimviwo qualification esimbaxa.
9.9 amawaka abafundi bathweswa izidanga yeyunivesithi 1990-2001; 6 amawaka - on the yonke imihla kunye 3.9 - part-time study. 86-90 % of baphumeleleyo zithunyelwa ukusebenza.
Isiseko kwezemfundo eziphathekayo eyunivesithi likhule kule minyaka yakutsha nje. A isakhiwo Philology isebe kunye nesakhiwo ootitshala iiklasi eziziiprayimari bafakwa ukusebenza kwi 1990; kule minyaka ilandelayo ummandla ngamnye umfundi enye kwandiswa ukusuka 4,5 square metres 1992 ukuba 9,6 - ku 2001. Kuba imfuneko yabafundi 'kukho 5 zokulala (2000 iindawo), a refectory kunye canteens (390 iindawo), ithala 420 000 imithamo, ezolimo biostation. 89 Iilabhoratri kunye amagumbi asebenza eyunivesithi, ukuthi ngqo 6 amagumbi linguaphone, phonolaboratory kunye 13 okufundela computer (203 emsebenzini ngabanye).
in 2000 kwakhiwe isakhiwo zemidlalo yaqala kwi ngaphandle kwemali mali, ngayo laphela ngo 2003.
Ngokutsho ummiselo № 761 zeKhabhinethi of The aBaphathiswa Ukraine Zhytomyr Institute wanikwa iwonga weyunivesithi zokufundisa.
Ibhodi ukuhlolwa State of the amaziko emfundo ye-Ofisi yoMphathiswa weMfundo and Science of Ukraine waqhuba uviwo kubonisa ngendlela ingcali yale yunivesithi. Ngokutsho kweziphumo zoviwo ingcali yunivesithi waya ngokusebenzisa ubungqina, yaye ngakumbi izifundo eziphambili zesifundo ngemihla kunye part-time kwinqanaba IV - "Primary Study", "Ulwimi Ukrainian kunye neencwadi", "Ulwimi Russian noncwadi". "Ulwimi IsiNgesi kunye neencwadi", "Chemistry" yaye kwinqanaba III - "pedagogy Musical nemfundo", "Ngokohlanga", "Psychology", "Yokwazisa". Isebe wokulungiselela kwafika kwa nazo.
nentshiseko, ukukwazi ukusebenza kunye amandla okudala abasebenzi eyunivesithi umhlaba impumelelo ezintsha yesithathu yeminyaka.
Kwi 24 ka March, 2004 Zhytomyr eyunivesithi zokufundisa wanikwa iwonga Zhytomyr Ivan Franko State University ngokutsho ummiselo № 172-p lesiGqeba soWiso aBaphathiswa Ukraine.
Uyafuna ukuxoxa Zhytomyr State University ? nawuphi na umbuzo, izimvo okanye ncomo
Yabelana olu ulwazi kunye nabahlobo bakho
reviews Zhytomyr State University
Dibanisa ukuxoxa of Zhytomyr State University.
NCEDA QAPHELA: EducationBro Magazine ukunika ukukwazi ukufunda ulwazi malunga kwiiyunivesithi ngelo 96 iilwimi, kodwa siyakucela ukuba ukuhlonipha amanye amalungu kwaye iikhomenti IsiNgesi.


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Umenzi wobungcali onamava angaphezulu kweminyaka engama-20
Umenzi wobungcali onamava angaphezulu kweminyaka engama-20
Iglovehat.com by I-SS (YIWU SHUN SHUI LTD) iyinkokeli kwizinto zasebusika zosapho lonke. Siyinkampani eyimfihlo ebonelela abathengisi beziyobisi kunye nevenkile e-US naseYurophu njalo njalo.
Impumelelo yethu ingafakwa kwinto yokuba sinikezela ngamaxabiso okhuphiswano, ukunciphisa izinto ezintsha kunye noyilo, kunye nenkonzo ebalaseleyo yabathengi eMelika nakwamanye amazwe.
Umenzi wobungcali onamava angaphezulu kweminyaka engama-20
Umenzi wobungcali Ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-20 ...
Umsebenzi awuyeki nje kuba amaqondo obushushu ehla, kodwa ngaphandle kweiglavu ezifanelekileyo, kuya kuba buhlungu ukugqibezela umsebenzi kubanda. Enkosi ngokugquma, ukutyabeka okungangeni manzi kunye nokuguquguquka okukhulu kwezona glavu zisebenza kakuhle ebusika, izixhobo ezibandayo kunye neminwe elukhuni ayizuku ...

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Wowu, bafo! ixesha elitsha lokuhambisa umngundo !! Ha, yabona indlela onwabe ngayo intombazana yethu yentengiso!
Ewe, ngaphambi kokuba ndibhale lo mfanekiso, kwavela ingxaki entliziyweni yam. Umhlobo onesixa esikhulu sonxibelelwano lwe- "LinkedIn" esetyenziselwa ukundinika ingcebiso ngobubele: Hee, harry! Akulunganga ukumema intombazana ukuba ime kunye nomngundo, ngakumbi ngobuso obuncumileyo! Yiza, ukwenziwa kwesikhunta kufuneka kube yimeko enzima kakhulu, kulungile? Ngaba umfana onobuchwephesha obambe i-caliper okanye iphepha lokuzoba ukuze alibuyise angalungela ngakumbi?
Okwalo mzuzu, njengoko watshoyo, ndiyazisola ngokwenza iqela lethu libe nzima, njengoko into endiyenzileyo ibonakalise ukungathandeki kubafundi abathandekayo. Kubonakala ngathi kukubamba amehlo abaphulaphuli kuphela kwenjongo yokuthumela kwam! Ngenxa yoko, ngeli xesha bendizimisele ukwenza njengoko ecebisile, ndenze ngokusesikweni njengomenzi "wokwenyani"! Emva koko, ndathabatha umfanekiso wokuqala ngoncedo loogxa bam. njengomfanekiso ongezantsi kubonisiwe, ngumngundo kuphela kunye neemveliso eziboniswe phambi kweelensi zam, ezisesikweni nezicocekileyo, konke kulungile. kodwa ndiziva ndilahlekile ...
Ukugqiba kwam ukuthatha iifoto, kwaye ndiceba ukubuyela umva. Intombazana yethu "emva kweminyaka engama-90" ithe: ndingafumana ifoto ngalo mngundo? Ndathi, kunjalo! Emva koko uqala ukwenza zonke iintlobo "zobungcali" ngokubumba, njengokwenza i-selfie, kunye nabanye abasebenzi kwiworkshop bonke bavaliwe kwikhamera yangasemva ngokuhleka, ngequbuliso imeko yeworkshop iyafudumala kwaye iyahambelana. Amalungu eqela lethu onwabile ngomsebenzi wabo, kwaye imvakalelo yokuphumelela ibibonakala ebusweni babo bencumile…
Kulungile, ukwenza izixhobo kufuneka kube yinto enomdla kwaye ichanekile, kodwa ukwenza umsebenzi ukonwaba kunokubaluleka kubasebenzi bethu. Njengoko uyazi, xa ixesha leprojekthi lixinekile, abasebenzi bethu bahlala besebenza ixesha elongezelelekileyo, nkqu nangobusuku bonke ukugcina ixesha elikhokelayo, gcina isithembiso kubathengi bethu. Badiniwe kwaye baxhalabile ngexesha lenkqubo, ukuba kunokwenzeka ukubonisa imbeko kunye noxabiso ngomsebenzi wabo kunye nemveliso, ngoba? Xa bekhazimla ngomsebenzi wabo wobugcisa, bekungafanelekanga ukuba sibavumele besiqhwabele izandla? Isixhobo siyabanda, kodwa ukufudumala kwiqela!
Ngoku ngemini, umnini wenkampani enezixhobo ezininzi ukhalaza: Kunzima ngakumbi nangakumbi ukuqesha abasebenzi, nokuba bayila ntoni, iinjineli okanye ukusebenza komatshini. ngakumbi kwiqela "emva kweminyaka engama-90", njengokwengqondo yabo, akukho mnandi kakhulu kumzi mveliso wokwenza ukungunda. Isizukulwana esitsha sinenkcazo yaso malunga nokusebenza, ulonwabo luye lubaluleke ngakumbi kwaye lubaluleke ngakumbi ekwakheni nasekomelezeni iqela.
Ngoko mfundi othandekayo, ucinga ukuba ubeka indawo eyonwabileyo emsebenzini wethu wemihla ngemihla, uphumle iqela xa inkqubo ingalunganga ilungile okanye hayi? nceda ubonise isimo sakho sengqondo ngokukhetha umfanekiso ukusuka ngezantsi ezimbini.
Ixesha Post: Okt-27-2020


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I-Rayon ibophelele kuphando olungalukiyo, uphuhliso kunye nemveliso. Iimveliso zayo eziphambili ze-PP, ilaphu elilukiweyo, i-SS engaluki ilaphu, i-sms engenalo ilaphu, i-meltblown iluki, inaliti ye-piuch ilaphu kunye ne-spunlace ilaphu elingelilo ilaphu.
I-SS eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka i-ss ye-25GR yobubanzi be-175mm yemaski
Umvelisi wobungcali wetafile yetafile engekaluki (roll) e China
Ilaphu elithambileyo / i-hydrophilic elingacacanga
Iphepha lebhedi elilahliweyo le-SS
Inkonzo yeRayson
I-Rayoson engakhange ihlangane inkampani ye-computer yelaphu okanye umthengisi e-China uneminyaka eli-15 yamava kwimveliso engafunekiyo kwaye r&D. Inkqubo yokuLawulwa kweMigangatho esemgangathweni kunye namava otyebileyo anokuqinisekisa umgangatho ozinzileyo kunye nemveliso elungileyo
Iqela lokuthengisa elineminyaka eli-15 yamava orhwebo lwamanye amazwe linokubonelela ngeenkonzo zobungcali ngesiNgesi, iSpanish, isiTaliyane neArabhu. Iimveliso zethu zithengiswa kumazwe angaphezu kwama-40 kwihlabathi liphela.
IRayson inemigca eli-10 ebalaseleyo yokuveliswa kwelaphu, elinokuvelisa iitoni ezingama-3000 zendwangu ze-nonloven kwimibala eyahlukeneyo ngenyanga, kunye nobubanzi obukhulu be-4.2m. Iindidi zemveliso ziilaphu ezingezizo ezilukiweyo, i-SMS, i-faprics evuthayo, kwaye inaliti etyhidiweyo ye-on-fanrics e-on-lol, kwaye i-spin lace ilaphu elingengulo.
I-Onvestatory yexesha elide yempahla ye-Darw kwindawo yokugcina izinto iqinisekisa uzinzo lwamaxabiso emveliso.
Malunga nerayisi
I-FOSAN RAYON RAYON ANOND Co., Ltd. Ngaba i-sino-United Kimoure, esekwe ngo-2007, kwindawo edolophini yeFoshan Shisha-i-Tech, engaphantsi kwemizuzu engama-30 ukusuka kwiVolkzHwage, eHonda, i-CMO kunye nesigqubuthelo esinzima indawo ye-80,000 yeemitha ezingama-80,000 kunye nokuqesha abantu abangama-400. Inkampani ithathe inxaxheba kwimveliso yeelaphu ezingezizo ezingezizo ezingezizo ezingezizo ezingezizo ezingezizo zelaphu, ezingengaphezulu kweepesenti ezingama-90 zeemveliso zayo ezithengiswa kumazwe angaphezu kwama-30.
I-FOSAN RAYON RAYON ANOND Co., Ltd. Ngumenzi onamathuba kwishishini elingelilo ilaphu elineminyaka yamava. Ibophelelekile kwilaphu engalukanga, yophuhliso, kunye nemveliso kwaye iphumelele imigca elishumi eliyilishumi eliphambili, ekwaziyo ukuvelisa ilaphu elilukiweyo, i-SS, i-SMS, i-MSTA Pung kunye neSPUNDLACE engalukiweyo, nge Ukuvelisa ubungakanani bobunzima ukusuka kwi-10gsm ukuya kwi-150SM ngexesha lobubanzi obu-4.2m, kunye nemveliso yonyaka enobunzima obungaphezulu kwama-36,000,000. Inkampani iyakwazi ukuvelisa amalaphu angalukiyo yemibala emininzi eyahlukeneyo kunye nobungakanani, ilungele ukusetyenziswa okwahlukileyo.


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Wamkelekile kwi-sheetrock vs drywall guide yethu apho sigubungela ezona sayizi zidumileyo, iintlobo, iindleko kunye namanqanaba okugqiba.
Xa ucwangcisa ukulungisa kwakhona indlu yakho, kukho ithuba elikhulu lokuba uya kusebenzisa i-drywall. Ukuqonda ngcono umahluko xa kufikwa kwi-sheetrock vs drywall, siza kujonga izixhobo ezizezinye. Apha ngezantsi uyakufumanisa ukuba loluphi uhlobo onokulusebenzisa ngokuxhomekeke kwiprojekthi yakho. Ukuqala, siza kujonga umahluko.
Isiqulatho
- Umahluko phakathi kweSheetrock kunye neDrywall
- Iindidi zeDrywall
- Ubungakanani beSheetrock
- Ukutyeba kweDrywall
- Ubunzima beDrywall Sheet
- Ezinye iindlela zeDrywall
- Iindleko zokufaka i-Drywall
- Amanqanaba okuGqitywa kukaDrywall
Umahluko phakathi kweSheetrock kunye neDrywall
Abantu abaninzi abazi ukuba i-sheetrock luphawu lwe-drywall. Ayilulo uhlobo olwahlukileyo lwezixhobo zokwakha.
yeyiphi isandla esenza umsesane wokuzibandakanya uyaqhubeka
Izinto zokuqala kuqala, i-drywall kunye ne-sheetrock zizinto ezifanayo. I-Drywall yenziwe nge-gypsum plaster ecinezelwe phakathi kweeseti zamaphepha amabini atyebileyo.
Kuqhelekile ukufumana uninzi lwabantu lubhekisa kwezi zinto zimbini ngokwendlela eziguqukayo. Asingobantu abaninzi abanokuthi baxelele umahluko kuba awukho mkhulu. Umahluko kuphela kwezi zinto zimbini uphikisana kuphela neekhemikhali ezinophawu lwelungelo lomenzi. Ngaphandle kwalonto, akukho mahluko ubonakalayo oza kubeka ezi zinto zimbini zahlukene. Nangona kunjalo, i-sheetrock ligama lophawu lwelungelo elilodwa lomenzi wenkampani yase-US Gypsum.
Yenziwe ntoni iDrywall?
Ukuthatha uhambo ezantsi kwindlela yememori, abantu babedla ngokwenza udonga besebenzisa udaka. Le yayiyimbono entle ngelo xesha. Nangona kunjalo, le nkqubo yayichitha ixesha kwaye ifuna izakhono ezintle. Ngo-1894, ibhodi yeSackett eyenziwe ngu-Augustine Sackett yatshintsha oku. Nangona ibhodi kaSackett ingazange ithandwe kwangoko, yayisele yenze igama layo ukuphela kweMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi.
Okwangoku, i-drywall yakhiwe ngezinto ezingasindi. Ezi zinto zomelele kakhulu. Izinto ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo yi-gypsum. IGypsum lilitye elilukhuni kakhulu elenza izinto ezinamandla kakhulu. Ityunyuziwe kwaye umhlaba ube ngumgubo ocolekileyo. Lo mgubo ucinezelwa phakathi kweseti yamaphepha amabini ashinyeneyo. La maphepha, kunye negypsum ecinezelweyo, enza ibhodi.
Uninzi lwezi bhodi zihanjiswa kwimilinganiselo ye-4 nge-8 yeenyawo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ufuna iibhodi ezinkulu, ziya kufumaneka kuwe. Iibhodi ziyasikwa kwaye zibethelelwe kwizakhelo zomthi zesakhiwo. I-Sheetrock, kwelinye icala, ibhekisa kwigama lophawu olusetyenziswa yiNkampani yeGypsum kwi-drywall yayo.
Iindidi zeDrywall
I-Drywall iza kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo. Oku kuxhomekeke kusetyenziso olulindelekileyo kwaye luya kufakwa phi. Ziza kunye nemiphetho edibeneyo. Imiphetho ethambileyo ibaleka kumacala amade eebhodi. Xa idityanisiwe kunye, ukucofa kuvelisa indawo emxinwa engekho nzulu ebambe indibaniselwano. Oku kubalulekile kuba kunika ukugqitywa kwamalungu angabonakaliyo. Uhlobo lwe-drywall onokuyifuna zezi:
I-Drywall yesiqhelo (yeBhodi emhlophe)
Olu hlobo lwodonga ngokubanzi lumhlophe kwelinye icala kwaye limdaka kwelinye icala. Ngezoqoqosho, lolona khetho lufanelekileyo. I-drywall yesiqhelo iza kuluhlu olubanzi lobungakanani. Owona mncinci umncinci zii-intshi ezi-3/8, ngelixa eyona inkulu iyi-intshi enye. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ufuna obunye ubungakanani, unokuzicwangcisa kunye nomthengisi wakho. Kuzo zonke iintlobo zodonga olomileyo olona hlobo luqhelekileyo lufumaneka kwiiphaneli ezi-4 x-8 zenyawo.
IBhodi eluhlaza
Olu hlobo luyaziwa njengolukhetho oluhle kakhulu kwimeko ezimanzi. Udonga lunesiciko esiluhlaza esiluncedo ekuxhathiseni ukufuma. I-drywall rhoqo ayinakho oku. Ngenxa yolu lwazi, iibhodi eziluhlaza ziya kungena nzulu ezipokothweni kunebhodi emhlophe eqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuxhathisa ukufuma akuthethi ukuba ibhodi ayinamanzi. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba uphephe ukusebenzisa olu hlobo lwebhodi ukuba iya kuthi inxibelelane namanzi. Iibhodi eziluhlaza zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukubuyisela iithayile kwiindawo ezinobumanzi obulinganiselweyo. Ezi ndawo zibandakanya izindlu zangasese, iikhitshi, amagumbi okuhlamba iimpahla, kunye namagumbi aluncedo.
Ibhodi eBlue
Iibhodi eziluhlaza zikwabizwa ngokuba ziiplastibhodi ezenziwe ngesamente. Ezi bhodi zisetyenziselwa ubukhulu becala ukutyabeka. Amaphepha angaphezulu kwezi bhodi anamandla amakhulu okufunxa. Iibhodi eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka zinokuxhathisa kakhulu ukungunda kunye namanzi. Kuba iibhodi zisetyenziselwa iinjongo zokuthambisa, kuyakufuneka wenze umsebenzi omncinci ukuze ubeke ulungelelwaniso lwe-veneer. Iibhodi zeblue azenzelwanga ipeyinti, iteyiphu, okanye udaka. Kubalulekile, ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukuba uyeke ukuzisebenzisa kwezi bhodi. Uya kuzifumana ezi bhodi zilongezo olukhulu kwigumbi lakho lokuhlambela.
Iphepha elomileyo elingenaPhepha
Iphepha elomileyo elingena phepha lithatha indawo yamaphepha aqhelekileyo elomileyo. Bambethe nge-fiberglass endaweni yephepha eliqhelekileyo. Le glasi ikhusela ibhodi kwizinto ezonakalisayo ezifana nokubola. I-drywall engenamaphepha ikwanqabile kakhulu kukungunda kunye nokubumba. Ibhodi inzima kancinci kunezinye iiyantlukwano zodonga olomileyo. I-drywall engenamaphepha ine-texture encinci. Ngenxa yoku, kuya kufuneka usebenzise indawo edibeneyo. Eli khompawundi liya kukunceda ekufezekiseni ukucoceka nokucoceka.
Ibhodi emfusa
Ezi zi-drywall ezinempawu eziphezulu kunye nezityebileyo. Iibhodi ezimfusa zinezinto ezibalaseleyo kakhulu zokungunda kunye nokufuma. Ziyahambelana noninzi lofakelo. Ezi bhodi zilungile, nangona kunjalo, zilungele iimeko eziphezulu zokufuma. Ukuba kukho unxibelelwano olindelekileyo ngamanzi, iibhodi ezimfusa lukhetho olukhulu.
Uhlobo lwe-X
Olu hlobo lwebhodi eludongeni lusetyenziselwa amandla alo okumelana nomlilo. Ubunzima bebhodi bunokubanjiswa ukufezekisa amanqaku aphezulu kwinqanaba lomlilo. Ukusika iibhodi ze-X kunzima kakhulu. Ukusebenza nebhodi kukwanzima xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iibhodi. Iibhodi zihlala zisetyenziswa kwizakhiwo zokuhlala, iigaraji, amagumbi, kunye nolunye ulwakhiwo olufunwa ziikhowudi zokwakha.
Iibhodi zenziwe ngefayibha engatshiyo. Olona hlobo luqhelekileyo kwezi bhodi luza nge-5/8 intshi yexabiso lokuqina. Obu bungakanani bunokusetyenziselwa iinjongo zokuthintela isandi. Ukuze unganyangeki ngumlilo, ibhodi yeGypsum kufuneka ihambe ubuncinci kwi-1 yeyure yomlilo. Oku kuya kwiibhodi ezi-5/8-intshi. Iibhodi ze-intshi ezi-intshi zithathwa ngeyure eyi-of yovavanyo lokuchasa kumaleko omnye.
Iibhodi ezingangenisandi
Ezi bhodi ubukhulu becala zenziwe ngefayibha yomthi, i-gypsum powder, kunye neepolymers ukonyusa i-STC. Oku kwenza ukuba kube nzima ukusika kunohlobo oluqhelekileyo lweendonga. Uninzi lwezi bhodi zisetyenziswa kwiindawo ezinengxaki yengxolo. Olunye usebenziso lubandakanya amagumbi okuthintela isandi sokurekhoda iaudio kunye nezinye iinjongo.
Ubungakanani beSheetrock
Nalu ulwahlulo kwezona ndawo zidumileyo zodonga:
I-drywall esemgangathweni yi-1/2 ″ ubukhulu kunye neepaneli ezi-4 x-8 zenyawo, ubunzima be-51.2
1/4 ″ Umgangatho (4'x 8 ', 38.4 ubunzima) (4'x 10', 48 weight) (4 ″ x 12 ″, 57.6 weight) (4 ″ x 14 ″, 67.2 weight)
3/8, umgangatho (4'x 8 ', 44.8 ubunzima) (4'x 10', 56 weight) (4 ″ x 12 ″, 67.2 weight) (4 ″ x 14 ″, 78.4 weight)
1/2 ″ Umgangatho (4'x 8 ', 51.2 ubunzima) (4'x 10', 64 weight) (4 ″ x 12 ″, 76.8 weight) (4 ″ x 14 ″, 89.6 weight)
1/2 ″ Ubunzima (4'x 8 ', 50 ubunzima) (4'x 10', 60 weight) (4 ″ x 12 ″, 70 weight) (4 ″ x 14 ″, 80 weight)
5/8, umgangatho (4'x 8 ', 70.4 ubunzima) (4'x 10', 88 weight) (4 4 x 12 ″, 105.6 weight) (4 ″ x 14 ″, 123.2 weight)
5/8 ″ Lightweight (4'x 8 ', 66 weight) (4'x 10', 79.2 weight) (4 ″ x 12 ″, 92.4 weight) (4 ″ x 14 ″, 52.8 weight)
Ukutyeba kweDrywall
Zininzi iindidi zobungakanani bodonga onokukhetha kuzo. Esi sigqibo kufuneka saziswe luhlobo lofakelo onalo engqondweni. Apha ngezantsi kukho umboniso okhawulezayo wokwahluka kobukhulu bodonga onokukufumana kwivenkile ekufuphi kuwe.
• Iibhodi ze-intshi ezi-intshi- Eli lelona xabiso liphantsi lobukhulu obufumanekayo kuyo nayiphi na ibhodi oyikhethayo. Uya kuyifumana ukhetho olukhulu ukulungiselela iinjongo zokulungisa kwakhona. Ibhodi isetyenziselwa ubukhulu becala iisilingi kunye neendonga zangaphakathi ezingadingi kuqiniswa. Ndwendwela eli phepha ngolwazi oluthe kratya malunga ukwakheka isilingi .
• Ubungakanani beesentimitha ezi-- -Ukuba mkhulu kathathu kunebhodi esemgangathweni ebhityileyo, le bhodi ibalulekile ekomelezeni ufakelo lwakho. Olu hlobo lodonga lusetyenziselwa ukomeleza iindonga zangaphakathi kuseto lweshishini.
½ ubukhulu beesentimitha - Olu hlobo lodonga lwenziwe ngezinto ezingaphezulu. Ezi zinto zibandakanya ukumelana nokufuma, izinto ezahlukeneyo, kunye nezinye izinto. Iibhodi ezinezi zinto zibandakanya iibhodi eziluhlaza, iibhodi ezipinki, kunye nohlobo X.
Ubunzima beDrywall esemgangathweni
Uninzi lweemfuno zakho, ubukhulu bodonga obulindeleyo obuza kufuna ukuba buqheleke bu-½ intshi. Nangona uzakufumana ujongene nokukhetha okuninzi, elona bhodi iqhelekileyo onokuyidinga zii-intshi ze-intshi ubukhulu. Ubungakanani bomgangatho webhodi eqhelekileyo zii-4 x 8 intshi.
Loluphi uhlobo oluCekeceke lweDrywall
Ezinye iimfuno ziya kubiza ibhodi yebhodi encinci. Ukuba kunjalo, oyena mncinci ungafumana ibhodi ye-intshi eyi-intshi. Kodwa ke uya kuba noluhlu olude ngokubanzi lokubhitya onokukhetha kulo.
Ubunzima beDrywall Sheet
I-wallboard esemgangathweni enemilinganiselo emi kwi-4 x 8 intshi kunye nee-intshi ze-intshi ezinobunzima obunzima malunga neepawundi ezingama-50. Nangona kunjalo, i-wallboard inokulinganisa ngaphezulu kwe. Ukuba uyazibuza ukuba ibhodi ebhityileyo ifikelela njani kubunzima obungako, kuya kufuneka ke ucinge ngegypsum.
I-Gypsum lilitye elingumgubo ocolekileyo elenza iibhodi zodonga ezahlukeneyo. Kuba lomgubo unzima kakhulu, wenza ukuba iibhodi zibe nzima nazo. Kubalulekile ukuba uqonde ukuba obu bunzima abunakuphatheka. Ubunzima bebhodi eludongeni buxhomekeke ikakhulu kubude nakububanzi bebhodi nganye.
Iindleko zeentyatyambo zomtshato
Ezinye iindlela zeDrywall
Zeziphi ezinye iindlela ezinokusetyenziswa kwezi Wallboards?
Ezinye iindlela zokwenza i-drywall zibandakanya:
1. Iiphaneli ezinombhalo zodonga: Iiphaneli ezinombhalo zinemifanekiso eprintiweyo kuzo. Zisetyenziselwa ukugubungela iindonga ezikhoyo. Ezi paneli zisetyenziselwa ukongeza isitayile kunye nombala ekhayeni lakho. Azinakusetyenziswa njengofakelo kuphela kwaye ke kufuneka isiseko. Xa zongezwa kwiindonga ezikhoyo, ziba ngumthombo omkhulu wokomeleza.
2. Iipaneli zomthi: Inkuni yokwenene yeyona ndlela indala yokwakha udonga. Kusengolukhetho olukhulu ziingcali ezininzi zokwakha. Iipaneli zomthi zithandwa kakhulu kwaye ziye zathandwa ngabathengi abaninzi. Nangona olu hlobo lwepeyinti lusindayo kwaye alunakufikeleleka ngokupheleleyo, inokuba sisongezo esihle kakhulu ekhayeni lakho.
3. Iimveliso zodonga lweWahoo: Iimveliso zeWahoo zisebenzisa i-polystyrene eyandisiweyo ukwenza ufakelo lodonga. Ziyindlela elula yokufaka kunye nokongeza ukhuselo lobushushu ekhayeni lakho.
Iibhodi zeWallboard vs. Drywall
IWallboard ligama elisetyenziselwa ukubhekisa kuyo nayiphi na into encanyathiselwe kwizakhelo okanye kwizitudiyo ukwenza ukugqitywa kodonga. Asinakho, ke, ukuthelekisa ezi zibini kuba ziyinto enye.
Iindonga zeGypsum vs.
Kukho uluhlu olukhulayo lwezizathu zokukhetha i-drywall ngaphezulu kweplasta. Nangona kunjalo, esi ayisosizathu sokushiya udaka. Oku kulandelayo uluhlu lwezizathu zokuba kutheni abantu bekhetha udaka.
Iindlela zokusebenzisa udaka
- Izisa ukucoceka okucocekileyo nokugudileyo ekhayeni lakho
Udaka aludibani nezandi
Udaka lukhangeleke ngobungcali
Bendlela yokusebenzisa udaka
- Ifuna ufakelo lobuchule
• Ayinabushushu ngaphakathi kwiindonga
Ukutyabeka kudla ixesha kwaye kunzima
Iinkqubo zokusebenzisa iDrywall
- Kulula ukuyifaka nakweyiphi na indawo eludongeni
Ixesha elincinci lofakelo
• Yongeza ubushushu ekhayeni lakho
Bendlela yokusebenzisa Drywall
- Ayikulungelanga ukuphambuka kwesandi
• Inzima ngaphezu kokutyabeka
Iindleko zeshidi elomileyo
- Umgangatho ½ intshi ye-drywall- $ 10 ukuya kwi-20 yeedola kwiphepha ngalinye
• Ukufuma kunye ne-drywall enganyangekiyo- $ 13 ukuya kwi-25 yeedola kwiphepha ngalinye
• I-drywall enganyangekiyo emlilweni- $ 13 kwiphepha ngalinye
• I-drywall eyomeleleyo yesandi- $ 50 kwiphepha ngalinye
Iindleko zokufaka i-Drywall
Usenokuzibuza ukuba yimalini ekufuneka uyihlule ukuze ufumane i-drywall efakwe ekhayeni lakho. Iindleko zixhomekeke kuhlobo lodonga olifunayo. Uninzi lwe-drywall ebonakalayo enexabiso elithe kratya kunezinye. Ukufakwa kumgangatho oqhelekileyo oziikwere ezili-1000 kuyakudinga uqikelelo lwama- $ 640 kuludonga olusezantsi lwee-intshi, ama-800 eedola ngohlobo lokufuma kunye nokungunda komngundo, kunye ne- $ 416 eyongezelelweyo ukuba ufuna udonga olungatshiyo.
imifanekiso yokulungiswa kwegaraji
Ixabiso eliphakathi lokongeza i-Drywall kwigumbi
Iindleko zokufakelwa kuluhlu lwama-drywall ukusuka kwi-955 ukuya kwi-2547 yeedola. Oku kuguqulela kwi-1- $ 3 yeendleko zokufakela ngeenyawo zenyawo.
Amanqanaba okuGqitywa kukaDrywall
Sebenzisa ukugqitywa okwahlukileyo kufakelo lwakho lwodonga kuya kugqiba iindleko zizonke zesithembiso. Amanqanaba ahlukeneyo okugqitywa kodonga lwe-gypsum ngala:
• Inqanaba 0: Isetyenziselwa ukwakha udonga okwethutyana. Ifuna ukugqiba okuncinci.
Inqanaba loku-1: Oku kugqitywa kusetyenziselwa ukufihla iimbono kunye neendawo zabucala, ikakhulu iisilingi, uphahla, kunye neepaseji zenkonzo.
Inqanaba lesi-2: Oku kugqitywa kubalulekile ukugubungela iibhodi ezimelana nokufuma.
Inqanaba lesi-3: Eli nqanaba lisebenzisa ubungakanani obuphakathi kunye nobunzima bokusebenzisa ngesandla ukulungiselela ukuhonjiswa kokugqibela kodonga.
Inqanaba 4: Eli nqanaba lisebenzisa ukusetyenziswa kwepeyinti ethe tyaba ukugubungela ii-angles kunye namalungu.
• Inqanaba lesi-5: Olu gqibo lucetyiswa ikakhulu ngemeko-bume eneemeko zokukhanya ezingekho mgangathweni.
Ngolwazi oluthe kratya malunga nokusetyenziswa kwakhona ekhaya jonga eyethu iindleko zokongeza igumbi Isikhokelo apha.


text:
Isifo sengqondo saseFransi kunye nesifo sengqondo uGerard Apfelldorfer, onguchwepheshe weengxaki ezinxulumene nolwalamano lomntu ekudleni, uphuhlise i-day-day technique, ekufuneka ilandelwe kulo lonke ubomi ukuze kuphephe iingxaki nge-catarrh.
Ukuqwalaselwa kokumodareyitha kwondlo ngumgangatho wemihla ngemihla yokuziphatha kunye nendlela yokuphela kokutya izitya ezikhuni, ukulandelana kwemigudu kunye nezinye iinzame zokulahlekelwa kwindleko yokukhawuleza, okuthe ngandlela-thile ekupheleni kwimizuzu elandelayo, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ikhefu elibalulekileyo leekhilogram ezingaphezulu.
Ukumodareyitha kwindlela yokutya ukwazi indlela yokuziva iimfuno zinyani, ukukwazi ukubuyisana nomzimba wakho, ukufunda ukuhlula ukulamba kwengqondo kwimizimba.
Into yokuqala okufuneka ufunde ukuzivakalelwa kukuba ukwazi ukubona umahluko okhoyo phakathi kweentlobo ezimbini zendlala kunye nendlela yokuzalisa indlala. Ngokufanelekileyo, imfuneko yokufumana umlinganiselo phakathi kweemfuno zangempela zomzimba kunye neemvakalelo ezivela ngexesha lokutya.
Indlela yeGerard Apfeldorfer yinto yokuqala ukuba kufuneka ahlolisise iimvakalelo zakhe kwaye afunde ukuyiqonda.
IQumrhu lokuqala - indlala
Zama nantoni na into yokutya malunga neeyure ezine. Akukho nto iya kwenzeka. Kungenzeka ukuba awuyi kulambile. Kwaye kutheni? Mhlawumbi udlile ngaphambi kokuba, okanye mhlawumbi ulahlekelwe ukudibana nomvakalelo onjalo njengento yokutya kwakho? Ukuba kukho umnqweno wokudla into, kwaye oku kuqhelekileyo kuwe, kuthetha ukuba awuqondi umlinganiselo phakathi kokulamba komzimba kunye nomzwelo omnye.
Intloko, ubuthathaka, umoya ombi kunye nesiginci esivela esiswini sakho yindlala yenyama. Ukuba uvile ezi zibonakaliso, ke le yimeko yempilo. Zama ukugxila kubo kwaye uzikhumbule.
IBhunga lesiBili - sifunda ukuphuhlisa isakhono
Into elula kule shishini iya kuba yinkqubo eqhelekileyo yekhamera. Injongo yakho mayibe kukuseka umyinge we-saturation, kwaye kungekhona ubugcisa ukwenza ukutya okuhlukahlukeneyo. Ngenxa yale nto, ukutya kufuneka kuthathwe ngokungqongqo ngelixa. Emva kwexesha uqale uqaphele ukuba ukuziva kwakho indlala kwaqala ukulungelelanisa nolawulo. Kwaye ngoku kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ufunde indlela yokuvakalelwa ngayo, kwaye ke, ukuba ungadli kakhulu.
IBhunga lesithathu - siyakuthatha
Sisoloko singadli okwangoku, kodwa siyidla ingcamango. Kubonakala ukuba inxalenye enkulu yekhekhe le-chic nge-white lily phezulu-lo ngumda wamaphupha kunye noonwabo. Kodwa ngokwenene kuvela ukuba xa uhlafuna ngokukhawuleza, ngelixa uphulaphule ukuqonda kwintetho (ulwimi, isibhakabhaka, amazinyo), uya kusela ukuba udle ikhekhe eqhelekileyo, kwaye udle kakhulu ezimbalwa. Yintoni enye into enkulu?
IBhunga lesine - thatha ixesha lakho
Isibonakaliso sokuba uzele, asifiki ngokukhawuleza, kuba le mzimba idinga malunga nemizuzu eyi-15-30. Khawucinge nje ukuba ungaphi ukutya okungakumbi kwisiqingatha seyure, kwaye ukuba udla ngokukhawuleza? Funda ukukhawuleza nokuthandeka, ukuze kube yindawo yokuzola. Ukuba ungenayo ixesha elaneleyo lokutya, ungadli uninzi, zama ukuphuma kwirevenkile, uzive ulamba. Uvakalelo lokuzalisa luya kufika kamva kamva.
I-5 yeBhunga - ikhefu
Kucetyiswa ukuba uyeke kwaye uphulaphule iimvakalelo zakho - ngaba kungenzeka ukuba usuzalisekile? Nasi isixa se-five point point, ngokweziphi na ukuvavanya urhulumente omtsha:
- Ndingadla indlovu.
- Ndifuna nje ukutya.
- Ndiyakumisa ngoku ngoku.
- Andive ndilambile, kodwa kusekho igumbi lam esiswini.
- Okwangoku, ndiza kuphuma.
Yeka ukuba uqaphela ukuba uzele-kuyimfuneko nje. Ewe, kutheni ndifuna ukutya? Emva koko, ungayidla kusasa.
Ukuba sele usudlile, ungakhathazeki, ukuba uzive ulambile, kuya kuthatha ixesha elide.
IBhunga lesithandathu - jolisa ukutya
Funda ukufumana uvuyo lokuba khona kwisidlo. Yisebenzise kakuhle itafile. Musa ukudibanisa isidlo kunye ne-movie okanye ukufunda. Uyakwazi ukuthetha etafileni ngokukhawuleza, kodwa kungekho ngaphezulu.
I-7 yeBhunga - yi-moderation
Ukunciphisa iintlobo zezitya. Kungcono ke ngoko, xa uvakalelwa kukuba uzele, faka okungakumbi kunokutya ngokuzenzekelayo isabelo esikhulu. Ukuba uceba i-party dinner, yenza ikhefu elincinane phakathi kweesitya. Itafile ye-buffet, kunye nogogo bazintande zokumodareyitha, bazama ukuzityhila bona kunye nazo zonke izihlobo ngokukhawuleza.
IBhunga lesibhozo - Hlaziya iinqwelo
Ngaba uvuyo? Okanye unomdla? Mhlawumbi kuphazamise into ethile? "Isandla ngokwawo sifinyelele i cookies okanye ithokoleta. Ngaba ulambile ngokwenene? Bese uyidle. Kwaye ukuba akunjalo, zama ukuxazulula iingxaki ngaphandle kokutsala ukutya. Zithintele emanzini okanye uthethe nomntu osondeleyo kuwe, zama ukujonga ingqalelo kwi-movie okanye kwincwadi. Ukuba ufuna ngokwenene ukuyidla, yidla, kodwa incinci kakhulu.
IBhunga lesithoba - ungadli ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elizayo
Abantu abaninzi abangaqinisekanga ngomso baya kuyidla ngokusetyenziswa kwexesha elizayo. Kodwa ngomso uza kubuya kwakhona usuku olutsha, kwaye kufuneka ukwazi ukuhlala namhlanje, okanye kunoko, okwangoku, kwaye ungenzi ukuthunjwa kokutya.
IQumrhu leShumi - fumana iimfuno zakho
Awulambile nonke, kodwa ke kutheni udla? Awufuni ukuba ngumntu? Okanye ngenxa yokuba umntu uthe into enhle kakhulu? Musa ukutyhilela nawuphi na umntu kule miba. Into ephambili kuwe yimvakalelo yakho, kungekhona abantu abangaziwa. Ukuba namhlanje unomnqweno wokutya okuninzi - unokuzinokuzixazulula oku ngokwakho, nje kuphela. Ngomso mhlawumbi unokuzigcina uziphethe ngesandla.


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Dlulela kumxholo Siyaxolisa, ezinye iindawo zewebhusayithi ye-Airbnb azisebenzi kakuhle xa ungayivumelanga i-JavaScript. Iindawo zeholide eziqeshisayo eSpecchia Gallone
Fumana uze ubhukishe iindawo zokuhlala ezikhethekileyo kuAirbnb
Ezona zindlu eziqeshisayo zeholide ezithandwayo eSpecchia Gallone
Iindwendwe ziyavuma: ezi ndawo zokuhlala ziconywa kakhulu ngendawo ezikuyo, ucoceko nokunye.
Igumbi lakho lokulala · Iindwendwe eziyi-3 · Iibhedi eziyi-2 · igumbi lokuhlambela labucala eliyi-1 Appartamento incantevole con caminoAppartamento in condivisione con Liquirizia, sportiva a quattro zampe, con camera e bagno indipendenti Iflethi okanye indlu ekwi-complex (icondo) yonke · Iindwendwe eziyi-5 · Iibhedi eziyi-3 · Igumbi lokuhlambela eli-1 Cisaria’s Guest House - appartamento nel SalentoModerno appartamento, finemente ristrutturato e arredato, situato a pochi kilometri dal mare. Dispone di due camere da letto, un bagno con doccia, un ampio terrazzino con divanetti, cucina e sala relax. Dotato di due climatizzatori, lavatrice e televisione. Possibilità di parcheggio gratuito. Iflethi eqeshisayo yonke · Iindwendwe eziyi-6 · Iibhedi eziyi-3 · Amagumbi okuhlambela ayi-2 Case vacanze Cinzia diamondNuovissimo appartamento situato in Uggiano la Chiesa nel cuore del Salento distante solo 2,5 km dalle magnifiche marine di Otranto,Porto Badisco, Laghi Alimini, Torre dell'orso.... L'appartamento è composto da un ampio soggiorno -cucina con ampie vetrate che si affacciano sul balcone, 1 camera matrimoniale e 1 cameretta,2 bagni. A pochi passi troverete supermercato ristorante lavanderie bar e pub. Iindawo eziqeshisayo zeholide zazo zonke iintlobo
Fumana indawo ekulingeneyo.
Amakhaya
Iindawo ezintofontofo ezinayo yonke into eyimfuneko
Iihotele
Indawo yokuhlala nezinto onokuzisebenzisa
Iindawo zokuhlala ezikhethekileyo
Iindawo ezingaphaya kwendawo nje yokulala
Izinto ezinokusetyenziswa ezithandwayo kwiindawo eziqeshisayo zeholide eSpecchia Gallone Indawo yokupaka ngaphakathi esimahala Umatshini okhupha umoya obandayo okanye oshushu Ezinye iindawo zeholide eziqeshisayo eSpecchia Gallone Igumbi lakho lokulala · Poggiardo b&b casa merola Igumbi lakho lokulala · Minervino di Lecce Masseria 12 granai, nel Salento Iflethi eqeshisayo yonke · Minervino di Lecce Appartamento Vacanza Minervino di Lecce Igumbi lakho lokulala · Minervino di Lecce Suite con bagno piscina e wifi Dimora Duchessina $110 / usuku Yi$110 ngosuku Indlu encinci · Uggiano La Chiesa miniappartamento a 6 km da otranto $233 / usuku Yi$233 ngosuku Igumbi lakho lokulala · Minervino di Lecce Il Giardino di Jo - Vista giardino Indlu ekumhlaba osikelwe izindlu yonke · Poggiardo Villa Enea - Poggiardo $170 / usuku Yi$170 ngosuku Indlu ekumhlaba osikelwe izindlu yonke · Minervino di Lecce CASA VACANZE tra OTRANTO e PORTO BADISCO Iflethi eqeshisayo yonke · Minervino di Lecce Mare e Relax Appartamento Nuovo Iflethi eqeshisayo yonke · Minervino di Lecce Dimora delle Striare-appartament 2 camere da letto Indlu enendawo yokuphola yonke · Minervino di Lecce Tavernetta Natura&Relax Indlu ekumhlaba osikelwe izindlu yonke · Minervino di Lecce Casa indipendente © 2021 Airbnb, Inc. All rights reserved


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Kumelwe Kowona Bona Places Of Unqulo
(Wagqibela ukuhlaziywa nge-: 01/08/2021)
IYurophu ekhaya lokuba wazi imbali yenkcubeko kunye izakhiwo omangalisayo, uninzi lwazo ifakwe nge ukuqokelelwa yelizwekazi enkulu iindawo zonqulo. Yiloo nto namhlanje, siye lirhangqwa phezulu 3 ukuba siqwalasela ukuba ingundoqo kufanele-ubona, ufihla izakhiwo kwihlabathi-edumileyo lonke ezinye izixeko edume eYurophu.
- Train Transport Ingaba I-Eco-Friendly Way To Travel. Thi sihloko kubhalwe ukuba afunde Train Travel yi Gcina A Isitimela, Engambi Train Amatikiti Website In The World.
1. St Peter xa Basilica, esikaPhapha
Ibekwe ngaphakathi iindonga uhlanga ehlabathini luncinane, esikaPhapha, St Peter xa Basilica ngokungathandabuzekiyo enye uqulukubhode ezinkulu impucuko ngayo ngezakhiwo kunye nobugcisa. ngoku umtsalane enkulu umzobo 10 iindwendwe million ngonyaka, le sakhiwo mihle engama St Peter xa Square kwaye inama i opulent indibanisela art wembali, Iikholamu zemabhile, kunye nedome enemibala enemibala eyilwe nguMichelangelo (apho ekhwela encotsheni, Kufuneka ube nesibindi uthathe kwi 491 amanyathelo endleleni!).
Nangona oku indawo ethandwa phakathi ngabakhenkethi, kusekho eqinile isinxibo enyanzeliswa ukuba kufuneka ulumkele ngaphambi kokuya. Kufuneka unxiba ibhulukhwe elide (injongo akukho iibhulukhwe, kungakhathaliseki ukuba shushu ilanga Italian i), kunye namabhinqa ukuba baqabe izikethi ngaphezu ubude idolo. Amagxa kufuneka kwakhona kuhlawulwa zonke izini ngawo onke amaxesha.
St Peter xa Basilica ivuliwe imihla ukususela 7 am-7pm ngo-Epreli ukuya kuSeptemba no-7 am-6pm ukususela ngo-Oktobha ukuya kuMatshi. Entry ukhululekile (nangona kukho imirhumo sokwamkelwa amacandelo ticketed, ezifana St Peter xa Treasury kunye St Peter xa Dome), kunjalo, kuba uyazi ukuba umgcelele ingaba elide, ngenxa yabavavanyi kunye nokhuseleko moya-style kufuneka adlule kuqala.
2. Sultan Ahmed Mosque (I Blue Mosque), Istanbul
Ifunyanwa phakathi kwisixeko transcontinental Turkey kaThixo, Istanbul, Sultan Ahmed Mosque ngokuqhelekileyo obizwa ngokuba The Blue Mosque ngenxa nezibilini zayo unique blue. Ezakhiwe Ottoman Sultan Ahmed I phakathi 1609 yaye 1616, le isakhiwo ithabathekisayo izenzo labenza Umtsalane woKhanketho enkulu kunye kwindawo esebenzayo yonqulo, okuthetha mosque ivaliwe kwi non-abanquli ngexesha imithandazo ezintlanu ngosuku – Amaxesha okuthandaza angajongwa apha phambi kokuba uye.
Kukho i engqongqo isinxibo ikhowudi ukuba zonke iindwendwe kufuneka ithobele phambi kokuba bangene mosque. Okokuqala, izihlangu kufuneka isuswe kwaye mazifakwe kwisingxobo ecacileyo yeplastiki ebonelelwe lokukhonzela simahla – wena ke ube ukhetho ushiye iimbadada zakho emngxunyeni cubby okanye ukuthwala isikhwama nawe. Xa kuziwa impahla yakho, amadoda opt impahla loose nokuqinisekisa imilenze zabo lwazigubungela ulwandle, izinto uphambuke ezintethweni ezifana nempahla yokuthintela kunye ibhulukhwe. Abasetyhini kufuneka banxibe iimpahla ezikhululekileyo ngelixa beqinisekisa iingalo zabo, imilenze, neenwele ziyafundiswa kuzo zonke iingongoma. Oku kuthetha ukuba abasetyhini kulindeleke ukuba banxibe headscarf xa ngaphakathi, njengoko oku kube ingqiqo entsha iindwendwe ezininzi non-Muslim Western, sincoma ukufunda indlela ukunxiba kakuhle oku kubalulekile iimpahla ezindilisekileyo ngaphambi kokuba bahambe.
Entry ukhululekile (nangona umnikelo omncinane negalelo yokondla jikelele isakhiwo kwabakhuthaza yokuphuma) yaye, kanye ngaphakathi, iifoto kunye flash kuvumelekile, ethetha nawe ukhululekile ukuba intabalala kwentsontelo elingaphakathi encomekayo mosque ngayo. ngokwendalo, yenzeka kungathethwanga, ukuba njengokuba Sultan Ahmed Mosque isekhona indawo esebenzayo yonqulo, ukuba uqiniseke ukuba ahlale cwaka ihloniphe isakhiwo kunye naziphi abanquli ngexesha lotyelelo yakho.
3. I Sagrada Familia Basilica, Barcelona
La Sagrada Familia Basilica ibeyinto nal lenkundla Spanish, nangona enyanisweni isakhiwo isalungiswa – nakuba umsebenzi waqala 1882, kube ngoku akukho kulindeleke ukuba igqitywe de 2026! Na lyo line, kule nkonzo semi-epheleleyo Roman Catholic sele i wobugcisa wezakhiwo, leyo eyenza iKapa ibe nomtsalane zingenakuphikwa kufuneka-ukubona iindwendwe abasuka kumhlaba wonke jikele.
Vula ukuba icawa kunye neendwendwe ukususela ngenkulungwane ye-19, I Sagrada Familia Basilica wena Ufumana 4.5 abatyeleli million kunyaka ngamnye kwaye ngoku isebenza inkqubo yokungena ticketed ngenxa – these are available to buy online up to two months before the date of your visit. Ezi amatikiti asebenza amaxesha yokungena olungatshintshiyo njengendlela yokunciphisa ingxinano, kunjalo, xa wena ngaphakathi kwenu sikhululekile ukuchitha nje ndingathanda ancome elingaphakathi obanelisayo. Sincoma evumela ubuncinane 2 iiyure ukuthatha kakuhle kule nto bokwakha. Ukuze iindwendwe abafuna ukuya enkonzweni, mass lubanjwe 9am zonke iiCawa 8 ebusuku njalo ngoMgqibelo, njalo 1 iyure kwaye olwenziwa ngeelwimi ezininzi.
La Sagrada Familia Basilica ngokusemthethweni iyasebenza ikhowudi yokunxiba eqhelekileyo Sonto Roman Catholic, kunjalo, oku bekungayi enyanzeliswayo ngokungqongqo njengoko kunjalo kwi-Sultan Ahmed Mosque okanye St Peter xa Basilica. Lo ukuba uthe, kodwa nangoku isiphakamiso lethu ukuba silandele lo ilokhwe ikhowudi xa kunokwenzeka, intsingiselo kufuneka asuse naluphi na headwear phezu entry, banxibe iimpahla nomzimba ongasentla ezifanelekileyo kele amagxa, emva, kunye midriff kunye banxibe legwear kele ngaphantsi kwethanga lika.
EYurophu kukho abantu abaninzi iindawo ezintle lonqulo ukudibanisa ngokwenene amandla nanto izakhiwo kunye nenkuthazo yenkolo. Ukuze ubone le amabala kuqala-ngesandla, ukuhamba kwilizwekazi ngololiwe ncwadi Gcina A Isitimela to leave no stone upturned across Europe’s many sights and attractions.
Ufuna ukuba zilungise ngendlela yethu hetalia us “3 Ekufuneka-Bona Iindawo Europe yonqulo” kwi sayithi yakho? Ungakhetha noba inanilethu iifoto kwaye okubhaliweyo kwaye asiphe credit kunye unxulumaniso kwesi hetalia us. Okanye nqakraza apha: https://iframely.com/embed/https%3A%2F%2Fwww.saveatrain.com%2Fblog%2Feurope-places-worship%2F%3Flang%3Dxh - (Skrolela phantsi kancinci ukuze ubone Code lungisela)
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