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iinyanga 4 kwiveki 1 eyadlulayo #1104
by alogie
Molweni nonke,
Ndandifuna nje ukuzisa. Igama elinguAlistair kwaye ndihlala eMntla Kalifornia. Ndisandul 'ukubuyela kwisimming kwaye ndithenge i-P3Dv4. Kukho itoni ye-freeware ngaphandle apho, kodwa ukuhambelana ne-v4 kunzima ukuqinisekiswa kwezinye iindawo. Ndiyathanda into yokuba ukulandwa kweRioooo yizinto ezisebenzisayo ezizenzekelayo ukuze ndingakhathazeki ngempembelelo yokulahla, i-gauge okanye iifolda zomsindo njl. Ukukwazi ukukhenkca ukucoceka kwakhona ibhonasi. Ukuthengiswa kwe-jumbo kwakungekho-brainer.
Ndiyakonwabela iinqwelo zokuhamba ngeenqwelo zokuthengisa kunye neepropsi ezincinci kunye neejethi. Ukuhlaselwa kwam kwiindawo zokudibanisa zentengiso akusebenzi kakuhle, ngoko kufuneka ndiyisebenzise.
Ndiyathanda ukubhaptizwa ukuze ndidibanise:
PF3
UTLive
kunye neendawo:
FreeMesh
FTX Global
FTX Global Vector
Vula iLC Yurophu, i-NA kunye ne-SA
Iindawo zaseScotland, eNgilani naseNorCal ezivela kwi-ORBX.
Ndine-rig egxininci esekelwe kwi-core I5-2500k core quad. Ekubeni ndithenge, ndiphucule i-RAM kwi-16GB, ndafaka i-SSD kwi-OS kunye ne-SSD ezinikezele kwimidlalo, kwaye ndongeze ikhadi le-GTX 1050 Ti. Yenza kakuhle kwi-1680 x i-1050 ilindi.
Ngeenjongo ze-simming ndinayo i-TrackIR 5 kunye ne-HOTAS Cougar (engena-modded ngaphandle kwebhodlela lokutshintshwa kwi-throttle) kunye ne-TMaster zokuhamba ngeenqwelo.
Alistair
Ndiyacela Ngema or Dala i-akhawunti ukuzibandakanya incoko.
Forum Access
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Ayivumelekanga: ukwenza esitsha sihloko.
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Ayivumelekanga: ukuphendula.
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Ayivumelekanga: ukudibanisa attachements.
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Ayivumelekanga: ukuhlela umyalezo wakho.
Ixesha ukwenza page: 0.097 imizuzwana


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Ndandidlala Varsity ngaske kwisikolo aphakamileyo. Nantso ingxelo kwakuyinyaniso (ngaphandle kokuba ukundinyanzela ukuba ukuchaza umdlalo igama). Ndaya kwisikolo esincinane yabucala, kwaye ukuba ube ophezulu ofumene ibala iqela eyunivesithi. Ndiyamthanda umdlalo yomnyazi, kodwa mna ngcono kakhulu xa uyibukele kunokuba uyidlale. Ndiya kunibetha abadlali bangxole "C'mon!"Kuzo referees bonke-star ubuchule. Kodwa leyo kangangoko uya. Isikolo sam le ulawulo engaqhelekanga kuthekani ukudlala imidlalo ukwenzela ukuba bapase, nangona, ngoko ke kwanyanzeleka ukuba isuti usixhome intloko yam kukudana zonke ebusuku ngoLwesihlanu.
Esi zazisoloko ngokupheleleyo imidlalo ekhaya. abazali yimincili nabafundi-abaninzi kubo abahlobo mine- wabonisa ukuba ukuxhasa iqela. Ngelishwa, mhlawumbi wenza kangangoko umahluko umdlalo njengoko wenza. Ndiya ezitsho kungena bleachers ixesha nexesha, emangalisiwe iingcamango zabo bonke abantu, ingakumbi utata wam. Ndicinga waqonda ukuba babini si nje kukho ukubukela, kodwa kwenzeka ukuba isihlalo engcono.
Ixesha kuphela abenza ngayo kwi phantsi ngelo kanye ekupheleni komdlalo-uyazi, xa bebeka kwi guys baziva kakubi ngenxa. Ndiyathanda ndizixelele Bakubeka kum abo imizuzwana yokugqibela ukuze ndikwazi kukhuseleke win. Njengoko wavuthulula izandla kunye neqela elichasayo emva ngombane wokugqibela, Ndaziva ngathi abadlali snickering ngaphakathi xa wajonga kum, wathi, "Umdlalo omhle."
Xa zivela kwigumbi yangasese emva imvula wam, mntu wayefuna umfanekiso nam. Namnye abantwana yesikolo phakathi wakhangela phezulu kum. Kugule nokuba iqela wammonela kum. Ngoba? Kuba mna Spike ngaphezulu Lee ngaphezu Michael Jordan. Ndandizithanda neemuvi Ndinxibe ijezi. YayindiM lendoda zange Ungenile kwi umdlalo, yaye akukho bani abakufuni benchwarmer.
GET emdlalweni
Andinako na ukukhumbula umntu evuthela umoya jumper Yenza kwaye ebiza igama ngumdlali wendima olungaziwayo. Abo bafo kusekho iingcali, kodwa ukuba onqwenela ukuba ndandazile iindawo umdlali yomnyazi, ukuba ngokuqhelekileyo starter, loo mfo lowo phandle ukusuka kwincam-off ukuba ngombane wokugqibela. Niya kuzilibala xa Jordan ivuliwe izandla emoyeni okanye xa Ray Allen ukubetha ukuba bangagqithi ngombane. Abo ke guys ofuna ukuba. Zima kwi intshukumo kwezo zihlandlo engundoqo, nje spectating. Kodwa ngenxa yesizathu esithile sisenza esahlukileyo xa kuziwa ebomini. Wonke umntu ufuna ukuba benchwarmer.
Ndichaza ukuthini xa esitsho? Ukuba wabonisa phezu ikhampasi kwikholeji ngazo nento udliwano abafundi malunga neenjongo zabo zesiqingatha, ubuya akeva okuninzi ephila ngenxa uKumkani. Wena Ndingathanda beve ngakumbi fun singacinganga udlale indima ebalini Grand. Mhlawumbi Ndingathanda unokuva ezinye 7:00 a.m. ingqiqo. Ndiya ndikulungele sizakucinga ukuba Ndingathanda ukufumana iimpendulo ezifanayo kwisikolo esiphakamileyo okanye isakhiwo ofisi. Sonke sibe neminqweno, kodwa uThixo azisoloko kuzo.
Ndiyathemba ukuba awuzithathi oko ndikutshoyo njengoko kugwetywa ngokuzenza. Mna andinguye umhlalutyi imovie trashing ebambeleyo; Ndingu zolinganiso exhasayo bezama ukufumana imigca zam kunene kakhulu. Ndingathanda ukuba uyaxoka ukuba ndithe uYesu ibonakala intle. Ekunene akusoloko uziva kunene.
Ndikhumbula ixesha, kungekudala emva koko ndajoyina abasebenzi ecaweni yam, xa babesiya bonke abahlobo bam ukuba enze kwi umculo umthendeleko eningenakukholwa. Ndandifuna ukuba kubekho kakubi kangaka, kodwa ndikwazi ukwenza oko kuba yawa kwiveki yokuqala emsebenzini wam omtsha. Kwafuneka alwe ukumonelwa entliziyweni yam. Ngakumbi xa ndabona ukuba ufaka iifoto online ngamava abo emangalisayo.
Ngamanye amaxesha siziva ngaloo ndlela ubomi. Kulula ikhwele abanye, ingakumbi xa sele besenza into omkhulu abahlobo bam babesenza. Kodwa naxa ukuba abantu baphila engalunganga, Maxa wambi sizibona ndilangazelela ukuba idle. Kwaye lonto yenza ukulandela uYesu sisenokufuna ezazithinjwe mdlalo, bengazivumeli subbed kwi. Kodwa kutheni ikhwele abanye bacinga siya uphoswa yinto?
KUTHENI Ndicinga ukuba uphoswa?
ndingaboni Bad
Enye yeengxaki yethu kukuba siyakwazi ukubona kuphela oko kulungileyo phambi kwethu. Thina kuphoswa umfanekiso omkhulu. Loo nto ifana ikhamera xa izinto phambi zikwi ekugxilwe kwaye yonke into ngasemva kufiphale. Kufuneka silungelelanise iilensi ukuze yonke umfanekiso iya kucaca.
Kukho na umntu emhlabeni lowo andisokoli ukubona ngokucacileyo. Yinto enye ngemiphumo iintliziyo zethu yesono. Kodwa xa uzilahlela ubutsha kwi equation, yongeza ukuya intlekele. abaneminyaka engama-One nzima ukuhamba kakuhle, mabini- somethings nzima ukubona kakuhle.
Yinto Akumangalisi. Yinto yinxalenye ukuba kuthetha ukuthini ukuba abatsha kwihlabathi bewile. ebomini bethu ukuba lifutshane kwaye siye kuphela ndiyibone kakhulu. Kunzima ukucinga ukuba yonke zephazili xa uye kuphela wayibona amaqhosha amathathu. Oku akuthethi ukuba kufuneka banityakatye ngokwethu kukudana; kodwa akuthethi kufuneka ulumkele, kuba njengeli abanesono kunokukhokelela kwintlekele.
Ngaba ukhe wazama beqhuba ikhephu? Christmas emva kokuba ezelwe umntwana wam wokuqala, ikhephu eyoyikekayo ukubetha umfazi wam kunye Nam saqhuba wabuyela DC ePittsburgh. Ikhephu kongamela izibane kwi XL zethu walala ukuze iiwipers ayikwazanga ukugcina kunye nayo. knuckles zam mhlophe ndi soyika bangenwa ivili; Ndaqonda ukuba ubomi umfazi unyana wam esezandleni zam.
Mna wayesoyika. Ndandibona kuphela intshi ezimbalwa phambi kobuso bam, ngoko ngokoqobo babengazi apho ndandiye khona. Andizange ndiyazi into phambili, kwaye kwafuneka ukuba Ndiyathemba ukuba sonke ubale. Ukuba akukho indithuthuzela. Ke ndingenakondela ukuba kukho imoto wayeka phambili okanye umntu esosula off iifestile bakhe stop-kwaye-hamba kwezithuthi.
Mna na wakhankanya iindlela cwinana kodwa. Bakubethe iziqhoboshi zakho kwakuthetha imoto yakho iqina ngathi itakane enxibe iikawusi ekumgangatho wetayile. Siyaqondakala isizathu sokuba ubuncinane othandwayo drive lam ngonaphakade. Mna ubona kufuphi, kwindawo ezibuthelezi.
Ngaba wakha wacinga ngendlela njengeli yintlekele ngayo ebomini bethu? Ukuba senza kuphela izigqibo ezisekelwe oko kulungileyo phambi kwethu, sisingise ukuze silubaleke e ngozini. Kakhulu uninzi lwethu ngokuzama ukuphila ubomi bethu kungekho ngokuphathelele oko kwenzeka kamva.
Ukufumana uyiseleyo qela kusenokubonakala ngathi ingcamango elungileyo mzuzu, kodwa mhloneli uThixo kwaye ikhokelela izigqibo osisiyatha. Sleeping ngamakhwenkwe okanye isithandwa sakho kusenokubonakala ngathi win kwi mzuzu, kodwa ukuba uhlobo obusondeleyo zange yenzelwe ukuba babuxhamle ngaphandle umanyano obubodwa umtshato.
Siza yangene kwezi ntlobo izigqibo ngakumbi njengoko siye kwezi ncwadi, kodwa ingongoma, kufuneka sicinge umfanekiso omkhulu. Wonke isigqibo senza liqhekeza encinane iphazili ezinkulu. Ngaphandle ujonge lo mfanekiso omkhulu zeencwadi, siza kubeka iinyama ngokungachanekanga lonke ixesha. Yinto ebuhlungu ukuba babaxabise ngephanyazo ngexesha ngaphezu bonke ubomi.
*Oku i ngcaphulo kwisahluko sesithathu incwadi entsha Uhambo ngayo, phakama. Sukulibala, xa phambi-order Rise ngokuthi EyoMqungu 26, uza kufumana iqelana izipho simahla, kuquka nomzila ibhonasi esingayilungisanga phezu album. Yabona, bonke bephela iinkcukacha ngentlawulelo izipho zenu: http://risebook.tv/preorder

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UKHOLOSA Lubisi ukholelwa ekubeni ngethuba esokola ukungena kumabonakude njengomsasazi yayingekuba impendulo yayingu ‘Hayi’ kodwa yayingu ‘Hayi okwangoku’.
ULubisi ngumsasazi omtsha weendaba ezijoliswe ebantwaneni [ Kids News ] kwiSABC1, kwaye ubalisele I’solezwe ngeenzame nemigudu ayenzileyo ukuze afezekise umnqweno wakhe wokusasaza.
“Bekubakho amathuba apho bendiye ndize eSABC ndifike ndihlale kwigumbi lokwamkela iindwendwe, ndizibone nam ndingena ndiphuma njengabasebenzi apha,” utshilo.
Akube ephumelele ibakala likaGrade 12 eZwelakhe High kwidolophu yakhe yokuzalwa iMt Frere, uLubisi wasingisa eRosebank College eRhawutini ngeliyokufundela izifundo zokusasaza.
“Akukhonto bendizifuna kuyo ngaphandle kokusasaza iinkqubo zolonwabo, kodwa apho ndafika ndafundela ubuntatheli kodwa ngelishwa andagqiba, kungona ndizama ukugqibezela ngoku.”
Eli gqiyazana, 22, likholelwa ekubeni lalingekafiki elona xesha lihlelelwe lona ukuze lifezekise amaphupha okusasaza.
“ Azange ndithathwe ngo2016 emva kokuqhuba de ndifike kwiTop 5 yeeAudition, ndandibuhlungu kwaye ndizixelele ukuba ndoyisakele.
ULubisi ubalisa athi emva kweenyanga ezintathu waphinda wafumana umnxeba osuka kweli ziko losasazo.
“Babefuna umntu oza kwenza imoyezulu, nalapho ndabonakalisa umdla kodwa andayifumana naloo ndawo kuba bengazange baqhubekeke nayo. Yho! Ndalila kweli tyeli, yayingathi iindlela zam zivaliwe.”
Uthi phambi kokuvulwa kwenyoba kwakhona ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka kuye kwathi cwaka ithuba elide.
“Bandibiza kwakhona ngenyanga yoMqungu ukuze ndithabathe inxaxheba kwinkqubo yokukhangelwa komsasazi kwakhona. Emva kokulinda iiveki ezimbini ndithandaza, ndaye ndawufumana umnxeba othi ndithathiwe, ndiyaqala ngomhla wokuqala kuTshazimpuzi, kuza kufuneka ndize kutyikitya isivumelwano.”
Nakweli tyeli, uLubisi uthi kwafuneka aphinde alinde kuba kulindwe umntu okwakufuneka etyikitye amaxwebhu athile.
Le ntwazana ikholelwa ukuba imithandazo kamama wayo nokukholelwa ukuba umsebenzi ngowayo, kuko okuyenze ibe kanti iyaqeshwa ngenyanga kaCanzibe.
Ukhumbula imini yokutyikitya isivumelwano sakhe sengqesho ngelithi, “ndandiphethwe sisisu, ndigodola noxa kwakubanda nje.”
Ucebisa abo basenomdla wokungena kweli khondo ngelithi ze bathi gqolo ukuzazi ukuba bangoobani kwaye bafuna ntoni, esithi xa ubani ezazi kulula ukwenza izigqibo ezichanekileyo.


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Imibiko Line giant ivula exchange crypto
Japanese elikhulu mobile Umgca ngokusemthethweni imisebenzi naleyo kwananwe ngayo cryptocurrency Singapore-based BITBOX shoka 30 cryptocurrencies kubandakanya Bitcoin & Litecoin.
Crypto-to-Crypto exchange iya kufumaneka jikelele kubo bonke abasebenzisi - kufumaneka 15 iilwimi - ngaphandle kwezi meko zizodwa abadumileyo Japan kunye United States, ngenxa imiqobo kulawulo. Ekubeni wokututa entsha IZIGANEKO ukuya isithuba cryptocurrency, CEO Takeshi Idezawa kuchazwe: "Umgca eyakhelwe igama layo phezu ngokubonelela ngamava zasekuhlaleni kubasebenzisi bethu, yaye ngoku yokuba ize nolungiseko kwezo eningakwaziyo-njani ihlabathi zeziliphu ledijithali kutshintshiselwano yethu BITBOX. "
Amaqela IBM kunye neYunivesithi Columbia ukuze uqalise iziko lophando blockchain
Technology giant IBM iye yasungula iziko elitsha uphando ngenxa yobambiswano ne-University Columbia nengqungquthela ijonge ukukhulisa uphuhliso isicelo kunye nemfundo amaphulo blockchain.
Eliziko ibekwe kwi Manhattan campus University Columbia eNew York City kunye nentando, phakathi kwezinye izinto, efukamela izicelo blockchain ngokudibanisa lobungcaphephe zemfundo nezobugcisa, le nkampani ithe. Ikomiti ozinikeleyo ezibandakanya oosombali omabini amalungu ubuhlakani Columbia kunye izazinzulu zophando IBM uya kuqalisa ukubuyekeza iziphakamiso blockchain “uphuhliso lwekharityhulam, namaphulo amashishini kunye neenkqubo zophando” ngasekupheleni kwalo nyaka.
crypto exchange backed bank-yokuqala World ivula e Japan
cryptocurrency exchange backed bank-Eyokuqala i hlabathi luvuleleke ngoku kuluntu. SBI Holdings Uthe inkonzo ngoku vula ngokupheleleyo kubasebenzisi kweminyaka ukususela 20-70 abahlala e-Japan. le exchange, VCTRADE babiza, ixhasa ngababini yorhwebo yen-based for Bitcoin.
Hola Namhlanje liza phantse kwiminyaka emibini emva SBI Holdings kuqala imemezele kundakhela exchange ngo-Oktobha 2016, kunye iqonga afumane ilayisenisi yokusebenza evela njengonogada zemali yaseJapan, Financial Agency Services, ngasekupheleni konyaka ophelileyo. Le nkampani iye ithi sele usebenza ukuphakamisa izinga lokhuseleko lwangaphakathi ngaphambi kokuba uqalise.
nabalawuli US uvumele Coinbase ekuthengeni akwazi ukudwelisa iimpawu zokhuseleko
Coinbase, omnye kumaqonga cryptocurrency kakhulu ethandwa, uthe wavuka ukukhanya eluhlaza ukusuka US njengoonogada ukuya phambili a trio yokufunyanwa ukuba uya kumvumela ukuba abe ngomnye kwiindawo zokuqala federally nalawulwa ukuba nokurhweba iingqekembe zedijithali uthathwa ukuba izibambiso.
Coinbase sele kweliso nabalawuli karhulumente phambi, kodwa oku isibabula isiqu imvume yabo yokuqala federal njengoko bafikelele usukelo lwabo zokusebenza njenge federally nalawulwa kumthengisi-Umthengisi. Oku kukuvumela Coinbase ukusebenza njenge umcebisi mali ebhalisiweyo, ninikele inkqubo enye trading, ngaloo banzi uluhlu lweenkonzo ikwenzela kubathengi, kunye nempahla oko ukudwelisa kwiqonga yayo.
I CFA Uviwo kukufumana icandelo crypto kunyaka ozayo
Abadume ngokuba nzima Chartered Financial uMhlalutyi (CFA) Uviwo uza nakufumana ilukhuni kakhulu. Dubbed “uviwo kakhulu zenkohlakalo ezweni ezezimali” yi Business Insider, uvavanyo oluneenxalenye ezintathu eziquka iindawo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo yemali - zonke kugxininiswa kakhulu kwi nesimilo - uza ukongeza zihloko kwi cryptocurrencies kwaye blockchain izinto njengoko examinable ngo Agasti 2019.
Stephen Horan, umphathi imfundo jikelele kunye nekharityhulam ukwenzela CFA Institute ukuqondisa iimviwo CFA, Wathi ngalo mbandela: “Sabona intsimi ye crypto phambili ngokukhawuleza ngaphezu kwezinye amasimi sabona njengoko okuhlala ... Le asingomkhwa odlulayo.”
Korean crypto exchange Bithumb amehlo Japan kunye Thailand ukuba ukwanda
exchange South Korean Bithumb ubhengeze ukuba kuwuvula ofisi ezintsha eJapan Thailand. Ngoku Bithumb ilinde imvume evela Japanese Financial Agency Services (FSA) kunye Thai Securities and Exchange Commission (sec).
Bithumb wachaza ukuba wakhetha Thailand kuba e-commerce kunye noshishino fin-zobugcisa iyasebenza kakhulu kweli lizwe. Bithumb ukuze uqale ukusebenza ngo-Thailand kwasekuqaleni Oktobha 2018. Bithumb ke sinethemba ukuba isicelo yayo Japanese ziya kwamkelwa yaye i-ofisi entsha iya kuqala inkonzo yayo Japan ngoFebruwari 2019.
Ingxelo Daily Market Kraken for 16.07.2018
KRAKEN DIGITAL ASSET Exchange
$154M wasebenza kuzo zonke iimarike namhlanje


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Iinkosi mazibe nesidima esifana nesomzali ebantwaneni bakhe. Zazinjalo iiNkosi zamandulo. Zaye zizintloko nesidima sezizwe esihlanganiswe mntwini omnye.
IiNkosi azingabo abapolitiki. Ngooyise noonina besizwe. Inkosi iyathethelwa, ayixhaphi magwebu ezingxoxweni zabantu abangengomakhosi.
Ayifuneki tu into yokuba inkosi igxuphuleke ngomlomo wayo kwiintetho ngentetho zabapolitiki. Ewe, inkosi mayizihoye, izazi kakuhle zonke izinto ezidla abantu.
Kodwa endekweni naseqongeni labapolitiki mayingangeni, kuba ngokwenza oko ingazibona sele ithetha okanye isenza into engazokuthoba nje esayo isidima kodwa nesabantu bayo, ibone sekubhekiswa kuyo ngokungathi kuthethwa nomntu nje.
Ndiyazi ke ukuba xa isidima senkosi siza kuba seso sifanele abapolitiki, abantwana begazi nabantu benkosi baza kukhathazeka kukungaxabiseki kwenkosi yabo.
Ndicebisa ukuba iinkosi mazithethelwe zizithethi nabapolitiki bakomkhulu njengoko kwakunjalo ntlandlolo. Ndakha ndayibona inkosi engenasidima kwaphela, eyaye iyintlekisa nakubakhweli booduladula.
Loo nkosi yayingumbono okhathazayo kubathandi besizwe. Ndakha ndayibona ikumkani enesidima, enesithozela nesihomo. Ikumkani eyaye isazi ukuba le nto iyikumkani ihleka njani. Ikumkani eyaye iphum’izandla ekwazini ubukhosi nobupolitiki.
Inkosi eyayibazi abantu bayo ukuba ngabayo nokuba ngabeyiphina imvaba yokholo okanye yopolitiko. Inkosi eyayisenyiselela bonke abantu bayo kwimibele ebhonxileyo.
Ndithetha ngenabulele yohlanga, uJonguhlanga osewalala, ukumkani wabaThembu, uSabatha Dalindyebo. Ngexesha lale kumkani, eBumbane, komkhulu, abaThembu babezenzela imithetho nemimiselo ukuze izigqibo zabo zibengumthetho wabantu ngokuphuma emlonyeni wale kumkani. Inkundla yaseBumbane yayifana nqwa naleya ka Zanzolo, uKumkani uHintsa xa siyiboniswa nguS.E.K. Mqhayi kwincwadi, Ityala Lamawele.
Ulawulo lwakhe lwaye lufana ngqo noluya luboniswa nguGqr A.C Jordan xa esibonisa iindlela zokukhokela kwenkosi enamava yamaMpondomise ecebisa inkosana entsha ebukhosini engxamele ukuphucula abantu bayo ngendlela eyayifana nekaManzolwandle, uKumkani uBotha Sigcau nooDaliwonga, uKumkani uKaizer Matanzima babunganelanga kuGqirha MDC de Wet Nel.
UDe Wet Nel wayefuna uJonguhlanga yena wayeyintandane kuMzantsi Afrika uphela, nasemakhwenkwaneni asezilokishini zeli lizwe.
Ubesithi uJonguhlanga nokuba sele bizelwe ePitoli okanye eKapa ngurhulumente, amxelele uDe Wet Nel into enye rhoqo, eyokuba yena uyiKumkani yabaThembu eyenza kuphela into egqitywe nefunwa ngabaThembu.
Amxelele kananjalo uDe Wet Nel ukuba yonke le nto ayithetha kuye makahambe ayokuyithetha kubaThembu enkundleni eBumbane.
Lo nto ke yayisenza ukuba zibe bomvu iindlebe ezinkulu zikaDe Wet Nel ngenxa yomsindo, abe yena umyeni kaNoMoscow noNocanada ezolile eyazi into ecaphukisa uDe Wet Nel ukuba kukoyika ukumelana neenyaniso aza kuzixelelwa ngamaxhwangusha namafanankosi akwaNgubengcuka iinto zoJoyi, ooThwalimfene nezooMajija, ooHamington nooLouis. Ndibala ntoni na?
Mayicace ngokwekati ehlungwini into yokuba ezinkosini kukho ezo zisalawula ngokwemfundiso yamakoloniyali, eza xelelwa ukuba akhonto maziyixelelwe ngabantu nento yokuba umsebenzi wazo kukuxelela abantu into amabayenze.
IiNkosi azifani kwaye zingasoze zifane. Zikho ezaziyo ukuba zizinkosi ngenxa yabantu, zizizicaka zabanini belizwe njengezo zangamaxesha angaphambili kobukoloniyali ezifuze ooZanzolo, ooMoshoeshoe, ooMaqoma nooMatiwane ababesithi xa bebhekisa ebandla bawuvule umlomo ngokuthi “Zinkosi zam”.
Yintoni ebanga ukuba kuthi kwakuchazwa inyaniso yokungafani kweenkosi ekuphatheni abantu zisuke iinkosi ngobuninzi zenze intswahla yengxolo yobupolitiki endaweni yokumbuza uMnumzana Motlanthe ukuba uyithetha into ayithethayo nazizathu zithini na. Bubuphi na ubungqina bakhe?
Asoze uKD Mathanzima afaniswe noSabata Dalindyebo ngumntu onenyani. Asoze uBotha Sigcau afaniswe noVictor Poto Ndamase okanye uDouglas D Ndamase.
Asoze ufanise uCyprian Bhekuzulu noMangosuthu Buthelezi. Asoze ufanise uLucas Mangope noTidimane Pilane. Nokuba wayengesiso isikhohlakali na uKumkani Zwelidumile Sigcawu, angekhe afaniswe nentandane yabantu “Imbishimbishi, Indishindishi, Ingqingqishi,” uKumkani uVelile Sandile.
UKumkani uVelile Sandile yena ubekhe amleqe ngomnqayi wakhe umantyi wakwaNdabazabantu uPayiga (Mr Pike) netoliki yakhe uMalcolm Sebe komkhulu eTsholomnqa, esithi ukhusela umhlaba kaSandile.
Phakathi kwamaphakathi akhe kwakukho amadoda afunde ayityekeza anjengo Prof ZK Mathews nootitshala Sipho Burns-Ncamashe namadoda asezidolophini anjengoo-Inkosi Inkie Hoyi nooPakiso Morolong ekwaligosa eliphambili enkonzweni yaseTopiya.
Ziinkosi zakuthi ibani nezithethi eziqeqeshiweyo, zipolitikele ulawulo lwenu nabapolitiki besizwe kungenjalo isidima sobukhosi bamaAfrika sakuphela tu ekubeni sele saphungulwa kakhulu ngamakoloniyali ase-Europe.
Okokugqibela, iinkosi mazikhumbule ukuba ngoku sikwidemokhrasi, urhulumente wabantu owenziwe ngabantu esebenzela abantu.
Ukuba iinkosi zethu zifuna ubukhosi bazo buhlale buxabisekile njengobuya bamaNgesi kufuneka zenze njengoko enzayo amaNgesi ekugqibeleni, amkela ukuba intando yabantu abamnyama ibeyiyo yodwa elawulayo. Phaya eBhilitane nokuba kungalawula amaKomanisi ngenye imini, soze abe nako ukubuphelisa ubukhosi baseBhilitane. Eli ilizwe liyiRepublic ngenxa yokuthanda kwabantu balo.
Lo nto ke ithetha ukuba onke amandla olawulo akubantu abalawulwayo qha. Eli asililo ilizwe elonganyelwe yikumkani enye encediswa ziinkosi ezibusa iKumkani leyo njengaseBhilitane eLesotho okanye eSwazini.
Ngoko ke, eli lizwe njengeBotswana ukwahluka kwiSwaziland neLesotho aliyiyo imonarchy. Apha akunakubakho uKumkani omnye omandla akuye.
Umntu ngamnye apha ubopheleleke ekuhlonipheni nasekuthobeleni iofisi yesizwe ebizwa ngokuba siState. Lo nto ke yenzeke ngokunyanzelwa sisimo selizwe kwiinkalo zonke zentlalo.
Edabini lenkululeko le siyixhamlayo namhlanje zazikho iinkosi.


text:
U-Julia Vashneva, uSemalt uMphathi oyiNtloko yeMpumelelo yoMthengi, uxhalabele ukuba i-spam yaseRussia okwangoku ibe yinkinga ebalulekileyo kwaye yenye yeyona ndlela ininzi kakhulu yogaxekile kwi-intanethi. Umxholo kunye namanqaku athunyelwe kwibhokisi lakho lebhokisi lokungeniswa kwiintengiso ezisisiseko kwiintsholongwane eziyingozi ezingakhubaza bonke abasebenzisi kunye ne-ISP amanethiwekhi kakhulu. Kwaye kukhuselekile ukuthetha ukuba oku kuya kuthatha ulwazi oluninzi olubalulekileyo, izixhobo kunye nexesha.
Kutheni iRashiya?
Njengamanye amazwe, iRashiya sele isandul 'amanyathelo athile ekuthintela ukuhlaselwa kwe-virus kunye nogaxekile. Nangona yonke loo migangatho, abasebenzisi emhlabeni wonke bafumana ii-imeyli ze-spam ezivela eRashiya. Ngaloo ndlela, sinokuthi ukuba akunakwenzeka ukucoca ii-imeyili ngokubanzi - site confiavel para comprar oculos ray ban. I-SpamCop.net iye yavula ezinye izicwangciso zokulimaza ii-ID ze-imeyile kwinani elikhulu labasebenzisi. Kutheni kungenakwenzeka ukuzilawula? Isizathu esibalulekileyo kukuba ukungabikho kwe-DNS kuhlu lwabantu abamnyama. Ayikho inkqubo ehleliweyo yokuthintela ugaxekile lwenethiwekhi, kwaye iifayile azikwazi ukucoca i-spam ye-spam ngaphandle ngenxa yamanyathelo angakhuselekanga okukhusela.
Umsunguli wogaxekile waseRussia:
I-Vardan Kushnir kuthiwa ilandele i-spam yaseRashiya. Wayeyinzululwazi eyaziwayo yeprojekthi eyayiza kuqhubeka kule nkalo ixesha elide. Ngelishwa, le ndoda ithatha indlela engafanelekanga kwaye izalise i-intanethi nge-spam ewonakalisayo neyingozi. Emva kokulwa urhulumente wakhe ngezizathu zezopolitiko, uKushnir wathatha enye indlela waza waqalisa ukusebenzisa isikhali sakhe - ugaxekile. Wasebenzisa ngokuhlakanipha izikhankaso ze-imeyile kwaye wathengisa izabelo zikaSophim..Into enye eyimise le ndoda engalunganga ekuphumeleleni kwakuseburhulumenteni baseKansas ababefuna ubungqina bentengiselwano eyenziweyo. Kwakhona, le ndoda ikholelwa ukuba iyasemva kwemisebenzi yogaxekile yaseRashiya eyayigxile kwiisongelo zezopolitiko nezentlalo.
Abanye abahlobo bakhe bathi uKunshir wayefuna ukuba ngumqhubi weeprosoft, onjengeBill Gates. Kodwa wakhetha indlela eyahlukileyo kwaye akaphumelelanga nayiphina impumelelo. I-antics yakhe yokuziqhayisa kunye ne-spam yamkhokelela ukuba asasaze uloyiko elizweni lakhe, okubangelwa ezininzi iingxaki kunye nokubulala.
I-Russian spam namhlanje:
Kunshir uye washiya ingqondo ehlala njalo kwi-spammers kule mihla. Imiyalezo eyahlukeneyo ye-spam yaseRashiya inokuthetha malunga nezicwangciso ezikhethekileyo kunye neendlela ezintsha. Abanye babo banikela ngemveliso kunye neenkonzo ngexabiso eliphantsi, ngelixa abanye babandakanyeka kwiirhweba eziphosakeleyo kunye nokugembula kwikhompyutha. Enye yeendlela eziphambili nezona zibalaseleyo zogaxekile yizo zipapasho zeeRolex zobuxoki.
Nangona abanye abasebenzisi bengazange bakuve ngako kuba imilayezo ayifumanayo ayikwazi ukuguqulelwa kwisiNgesi, abanye bakhathazeke ngekamva njengoko iibhokisi zabo zebhokisi zizaliswa ngama-email amaninzi. Nantsi indlela yokubamba loo ma-imeyile aqule iilwimi zangaphandle:
1. Unokwenza izixhumanisi ezahlukileyo ze-imeyile egcinwe.
2. Kufanele ususe ii-imeyile ezigqityiweyo, ezigcinwe okanye ezikhoyo kwiifolda.
3. Umele uyithumele kwifolda yedoti kwaye uyisuse ngokukhawuleza.
Ukuba ufumene amaninzi e-imeyile, unako ukunciphisa inani labo uze uthumele abanye kwifolda yogaxekile.


text:
umthetho wabucala
Umgaqo-nkqubo woBucala bewebhu
uzinikele ekukhuseleni ubumfihlo bakho. Qhagamshelana nathi ukuba unemibuzo okanye iingxaki malunga nokusetyenziswa kweedatha zakho zomntu kwaye siya kukunceda.
Ngokusebenzisa le sayithi okanye / kunye neenkonzo zethu, uyavuma ukuPhathwa kweeNkcukacha zaBantu njengoko kuchaziwe kule Mgaqo-nkqubo weMfihlo.
Isiqulatho
- Iinkcazo ezisetyenziswe kule nkqubo
- Imigaqo yokukhusela idatha esilandelayo
- Ziziphi amalungelo onayo malunga neenkcukacha zakho zomntu
- Ziziphi iinkcukacha zomntu esiziqokelela ngazo
- Indlela esisebenzisa ngayo idatha yakho yomntu
- Ngubani omnye onokufikelela kwiiNkcukacha zakho zomntu
- Sinokukhusela njani idatha yakho
- Ulwazi malunga nekiki
- Iinkcukacha zoqhakamshelwano
Iinkcazo
Idatha yakho- nayiphi na ingcaciso enxulumene nomntu wendalo ochongiweyo okanye ochongiweyo.
processing- nayiphi na umsebenzi okanye isethi yemisebenzi eyenziwa kwiNkcukacha zoLuntu okanye kwiiseti zeDatha Yakho.
Isihloko sedatha- umntu ongokoMntu oLwazi lwakhe oluPhezulu lwenziwa.
umntwana - umntu ongokwemvelo phantsi kweminyaka eyi-16.
Thina / kuthi (mhlawumbi ihlawulwe okanye ayikho) -
IMigaqo yoKhuselo lweNkcukacha
Siyathembisa ukulandela imigaqo-migaqo yokukhusela idatha:
- Ukusetyenziswa ngokusemthethweni kuyamkeleka, kulungile, kuhleni. Imisebenzi yethu yokucubungula inesizathu esisemthethweni. Sisoloko sicinga ngamalungelo akho phambi koCwangciso lweeNkcukacha zoBuntu. Siza kukunika ulwazi malunga nokucwangciswa xa ufuna isicelo.
- Ukucwangciswa kupheleliswe kwinjongo. Imisebenzi yethu yokucwangcisa ifanelana nenjongo yokuba idilesi zoBuntu iqokelelwe.
- Ukucwangciswa kwenziwa ngeedatha encinci. Sibutha kuphela kwaye siSebenzise inani elincinci leDatha yolwazi olufunekayo kunoma yintoni injongo.
- Ukucwangciswa kuphelelwe ixesha. Asiyi kugcina idatha yakho yangasese ixesha elide kunokuba lifuneka.
- Siza kwenza konke okusemandleni ethu ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kwedatha.
- Siza kwenza konke okusemgangathweni ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kunye nokugcinwa kwedatha.
Amalungelo eSifundo seDatha
Isihloko soDatha sinamalungelo alandelayo:
- Unelungelo lokufumana ulwazi-kuthetha ukuba kufuneka ube nolwazi lokuba ngaba iinkcukacha zakho zeNkcukacha zicutshungulwa; yiyiphi idatha eqokelelwe kuyo, apho ifunyenwe khona kwaye kutheni kwaye yenziwa ngubani na.
- Ilungelo lokufikelela-kuthetha ukuba unelungelo lokufikelela idatha eqokelelwe ukusuka / malunga nawe. Oku kubandakanya ilungelo lakho lokucela kwaye ufumane ikopi yeenkcukacha zakho eziqokelelweyo.
- Ilungelo lokulungiswa-oko kuthetha ukuba unelungelo lokucela ukulungiswa okanye ukuchithwa kweedatha zakho zomntu ezingachanekanga okanye ezingaphelelanga.
- Ilungelo lokususa i-erasure-elithetha kwiimeko ezithile unokucela ukuba iiDatha zakho eziPhezulu zichithwe kwiirekhodi zethu.
- Unelungelo lokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa - oku kuthetha ukuba izimo ezithile zisebenza, unelungelo lokunciphisa ukuPhathwa kweeNkcukacha zakho.
- Ilungelo lokuchasana nokubhekiselele-ukuthetha kwamanye amaxesha unelungelo lokuchasa ukuCwangciswa kweeDatha zakho zomntu, umzekelo kwimeko yokuthengisa ngokuthe ngqo.
- Ilungelo lokuchasana ne-Automatic Processing - elithetha ukuba unelungelo lokuchasa kwiComputer Processing, kubandakanywa iphrofayile; kwaye kungabi phantsi kwesigqibo esisekelwe kuphela kwiComputer Processing. Eli lungelo ungayisebenzisa xa kunesiphumo soprofayili eyenza imiphumo yomthetho malunga okanye ichaphazela kakhulu.
- Ulungele ukuphatheka kwedatha - unelungelo lokufumana iinkcukacha zakho ezizimeleyo kwifomati efundekayo ngomatshini okanye ukuba inokwenzeka, njengokutshintshwa ngokuthe ngqo kwiprojekithi enye ukuya kwenye.
- Unelungelo lokufaka isikhalazo - kwimeko apho siyayinqabela isicelo sakho phantsi kwamaLungelo okuFika, siya kukunika isizathu sokuba kutheni. Ukuba awunelisekanga ngendlela isicelo sakho esiphethwe ngayo sicela uqhagamshelane nathi.
- Unelungelo loncedonegunya lolawulo- ithetha ukuba unelungelo lokuncedisa igunya lokulawula kunye nelungelo kwezinye izilungiso zomthetho ezifana nokubiza umonakalo.
- Unelungelo lokurhoxisa imvume - unelungelo lokurhoxisa imvume nayiphi na imvume yokuPhathwa kweNkcukacha zakho.
Idatha esiyibutheleyo
Ulwazi olusinike lona
Le nto inokuba yidilesi yakho ye-imeyile, igama, idilesi yokubakho, idilesi yasekhaya njl. Ingakumbi ulwazi oluyimfuneko yokukunika imveliso / inkonzo okanye ukuphucula amava akho kumakhasimende nathi. Sigcina ulwazi olusinika lona ukuze ubeke izimvo okanye wenze enye imisebenzi kwiwebhusayithi. Olu lwazi lubandakanya, umzekelo, igama lakho nekheli le-imeyile.
Ulwazi oluqokelelwa ngokuzenzekelayo ngawe
Oku kuquka ulwazi olugcinwa ngokuzenzekelayo ngeekuki kunye nezinye izixhobo zeseshoni. Umzekelo, ulwazi lwenqwelo yakho yokuthengwa, idilesi yakho ye-IP, imbali yakho yezitolo (ukuba kukho nayiphi na enye) njl. Le ngcaciso isetyenziselwa ukuphucula amava akho kumthengi. Xa usebenzisa iinkonzo zethu okanye ujonge i-website yethu, imisebenzi yakho ingafakwa.
Ulwazi oluvela kumaqabane ethu
Siqokelela ulwazi oluvela kubalingani bethu abathembekileyo ngokuqinisekisiweyo ukuba baneendawo ezisemthethweni zokwabelana ngolwazi kunye nathi. Le ngcaciso enikeze yona ngqo okanye ukuba baqokelele ngawe kwezinye izizathu zomthetho. Olu luhlu lulandelayo: I-NCS Trust, i-EFL Trust.
Ulwazi olufumaneka luluntu
Singaqokelela ulwazi malunga nawe olufumaneka esidlangalaleni.
Indlela esisebenzisa ngayo idatha yakho yomntu
Sisebenzisa i-Personal Data ukuze:
- kunika inkonzo yethu kuwe. Oku kubandakanya, umzekelo, ukubhalisa i-akhawunti yakho; ekubonelela ngeminye imveliso kunye neenkonzo ocelileyo; ukunikezela ngezinto zokuphromotha kwisicelo sakho nokuthetha nawe ngokumalunga nalezo mveliso kunye neenkonzo; ukuthetha kunye nokusebenzisana nawe; kwaye ukukwazisa utshintsho kwiinkonzo.
- ukuphucula amava akho kumakhasimende;
- ukuzalisekisa uxanduva phantsi komthetho okanye isivumelwano;
- ukuthetha malunga nenkqubo yolutsha wena okanye umntwana wakho ubhaliswe kunye naye;
- malunga neempumelelo ezivela kwiinkqubo zethu zolutsha;
- ukuxhasa wena okanye wakho umntwana kwinkqubo yolutsha
Sisebenzisa iiNkcukacha zakho zomntu kwiindawo ezifanelekileyo kunye / okanye kunye neMvume yakho.
Ngesizathu sokungena kwisivumelwano okanye ukuzalisekisa izibophelelo zesikontrakthi, senza iinkcukacha zakho zeNkcukacha ngezi zilandelayo:
- ukukuchonga;
- ukukunika inkonzo okanye ukuthumela / ukunikezela ngemveliso;
- ukunxibelelana nokuba kuthengiswa okanye ukuhanjiswa;
- ukuthetha malunga nenkqubo yolutsha wena okanye umntwana wakho ubhaliswe kunye naye;
- malunga neempumelelo ezivela kwiinkqubo zethu zolutsha;
- ukuxhasa wena okanye wakho umntwana kwinkqubo yolutsha
Ngomdla wokubaluleka ngokusemthethweni, Senza Iinkcukacha zakho zoBuntu ngezi njongo zilandelayo:
- ukuthumelela ngezibonelelo ezizodwa (ukusuka kuthi kunye / okanye iqabane lethu elikhethiweyo ngokukhethekileyo);
- ukulawula nokuhlalutya isiseko sethu somxhasi (ukuziphatha kokuthenga kunye nembali) ukwenzela ukuphucula umgangatho, iintlobo, kunye nokufumaneka kweemveliso / iinkonzo ezinikwe / ezinikeziwe;
- ukuqhuba iimibuzo ngokuphathelele ukwaneliseka kwabaxhasi;
- ukuthetha malunga nenkqubo yolutsha wena okanye umntwana wakho ubhaliswe kunye naye;
- malunga neempumelelo ezivela kwiinkqubo zethu zolutsha;
- ukuxhasa wena okanye wakho umntwana kwinkqubo yolutsha
Ngethuba nje ungazange usixelele ngenye indlela, sicinga ukunikela ngemveliso / iinkonzo ezifanayo okanye ezifanayo kwiimbali zakho zokuthenga / ukukhangela ukukhangela ukuba ube ngumdla wethu osemthethweni.
Ngemvume yakho senza iNkcukacha zakho zoBuntu ngezi njongo zilandelayo:
- ukuthumela iincwadana zeendaba kunye nephulo lokunikezela (ukusuka kuthi kunye / okanye iqabane lethu elikhethiweyo ngokukhethekileyo);
- ngezinye iinjongo esizicele imvume yakho;
- ukuthetha malunga nenkqubo yolutsha wena okanye umntwana wakho ubhaliswe kunye naye;
- malunga neempumelelo ezivela kwiinkqubo zethu zolutsha;
- ukuxhasa wena okanye wakho umntwana kwinkqubo yolutsha
Sisebenzisa Iinkcukacha zakho zoBuntu ukuze uzalisekise uxanduva olukhuphuka emthethweni kunye / okanye usebenzisa i-Idatha yakho yomntu kwiinketho ezinikezelwe ngumthetho. Sigcina ilungelo lokungaziwa ngeenkcukacha zaBantu kunye nokusebenzisa nayiphi na idatha. Siza kusebenzisa idatha ngaphandle koMgaqo wePolisi kuphela xa ingaziwa. Asilondolozi ulwazi lwebhidi njengemininingwane yekhadi lesikweletu. Siza kulondoloza olunye ulwazi lokuthenga oluqokelelwe ngawe ngokukhawuleza njengoko lufunekayo kwiinjongo zokubhala okanye ezinye izibophelelo ezivela kumthetho, kodwa zingadluli iminyaka engama-5.
Siyakwazi ukucwangcisa iinkcukacha zakho zoBuntu ngeenjongo ezongezelelweyo ezingakhankanyiwe apha, kodwa ziyahambelana nenjongo yokuqala eyayiqokelelwa kuyo idatha. Ukwenza oku, siya kuqinisekisa ukuba:
- unxibelelwano phakathi kweenjongo, umongo kunye nemeko yeeNkcukacha zeNkcukacha zifanelekile ukuqhutyelwa phambili;
- Ukuqhutyelwa phambili kweCandelo leMfundo akuyi kulimaza iinjongo zakho kunye
- bekuya kubakho ukhuseleko olufanelekileyo lokuCubungula.
Siza kukuxelela malunga nayiphi na inkqubo yokuSebenza kunye neenjongo.
Ngubani omnye onokufikelela kwiiNkcukacha zakho zomntu
Asikwabelani ngolwazi lwakho lomntu nabantu abangabaziyo. Iinkcukacha zakho malunga nawe kwezinye iimeko zinikezelwa ngamalingane ethu athembekileyo ukuze wenze ukubonelela inkonzo kunokwenzeka okanye ukuphucula amava akho kumakhasimende. Sibelana nedatha yakho nge:
Amalingani ethu okusebenza:
- Paypal kwiintlawulo. Ukwaziswa ngale nkqubo.
Bethu Abalingani beprogram:
- I-NCS Trust - kwiinkqubo ze-NCS kuphela.
- I-EFL Trust - kwiiprogram ze-NCS kuphela.
Sisebenza kuphela kunye namaqabane asebenzayo akwazi ukuqinisekisa izinga elaneleyo lokukhusela kwiiNkcukacha zakho. Sichaza iinkcukacha zakho kwii-third party okanye kumagosa karhulumente xa sibophelelwe ngokomthetho ukwenza njalo. Siyakwazi ukudalula iinkcukacha zakho kwii-third party ukuba uvumelekile okanye ukuba kukho ezinye izizathu zomthetho.
Sinokukhusela njani idatha yakho
Senza konke okusemandleni ethu ukugcina iinkcukacha zakho ezikhuselekileyo. Sisebenzisa iiprotokholi ezikhuselekileyo zokunxibelelana nokudlulisa idatha (njenge-HTTPS). Sisebenzisa i -onymonym and pseudonyming apho kufanelekile. Sibeka iliso kwiisistim zethu zengozi kunye nokuhlaselwa.
Nangona senza konke okusemandleni ethu asikwazi ukuqinisekisa ukukhuselwa kolwazi. Nangona kunjalo, sithembisa ukuzisa abaphathi abafanelekileyo abachanekileyo beenkcukacha. Siyakukwazisa kwakhona ukuba kukho isongelo kumalungelo okanye iimfuno zakho. Siza kwenza konke esinokukwazi ukukhusela ukuphulwa kokhuseleko kunye nokuncedisa amagunya ukuba kukho ukuphulwa.
Ukuba unayo i-akhawunti kunye nathi, qaphela ukuba kufuneka ugcine igama lakho lomsebenzisi kunye nephasiwedi.
abantwana
Asihlose ukuqokelela okanye ukuqokelela ngolwazi oluvela kubantwana abangaphantsi kwe-14 nge-website yethu. Njengoko ulutsha luthando, kukho imfuneko yokuqokelela ulwazi malunga nabantu abatsha abanomdla kuzo, okanye ukuya kwiinkqubo zethu. Abazali baqhagamshelana malunga nale data xa iinkcukacha zabazali zinikezelwa.
Ikhukhi kunye nezinye ubuchwepheshe esisisebenzisa
Sisebenzisa ii-cookies kunye / okanye ezobuchwepheshe obufanayo ukuhlalutya ukuziphatha kwamakhasimende, ukulawula i-website, ukulandelela ukunyakaza kwabasebenzisi, nokuqokelela ulwazi ngabasebenzisi. Oku kwenziwa ukwenzela ukuzenza umntu kunye nokuphucula amava akho nathi.
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Nazi ezona njongo ziphambili zeKliniki yezoMthetho:
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Ukwazisa nokuxhobisa abantu abafanelekayo ngofikelelo olunobulungisa nolunokulingana kwiinkonzo nenkxaso yezomthetho esemgangathweni nefikelelekayo
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Ukuxelela nokuxhobisa abantu abafanelekayo ngokusasazwa nokulungiselelwa kwenkcazelo noqeqesho lwezomthetho olusemgangathweni
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Ukulungiselela uphuhliso olusemagqabini nolobuqu lwamagqwetha asafundayo nabanye abasebenzi beKliniki yezoMthetho, ngeengcebiso, uqeqesho, ukubekw’ esweni nokuqhelana nokusebenzisa umthetho
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Ukulungiselela imfundo, kuquka imfundo yomthetho wezonyango, kubafundi bezomthetho ngokubafundisa nokubaqhelanisa nokusebenza komthetho (ngokusebenzisana neCandelo lezoMthetho leYunivesithi yase-Stellenbosch)
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Ukukhuthaza iziseko ezingqingqwa zolawulo
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Ukulondoloza ubukho beKlinikhi yezoMthetho namandla ayo okunikela iinkonzo ezifanelekayo, ezifikelelekayo
Ngokufezekiswa kwezi njongo, iKliniki yezoMthetho inegalelo kwiinjongo ezichuliweyo zeYunivesithi ngokuqinisekisa ukuba, kuqala, iqhubeka izimisele ekwenzeni banzi ufikelelo ngokusabela kwiimfuno zabo baxhamla kuyo, ingakumbi abo bahlala kwiindawo ezisesichengeni; ngokwandisa nokuhambisela phambili iprofayili yokwahlukana kwabasebenzi beKliniki yezoMthetho ngokugaya okumandla; ukuphuhlisa nokulondoloza abasebenzi beKliniki yezoMthetho kumaqela abekiweyo; nokuyila inkcubeko nemo ehlangeneyo yeKliniki yezoMthetho eyamkela ukwahlukana nemilinganiselo yeYunivesithi; okwesibini, ukunikezela umsebenzi okumgangatho ophezulu kwinkalo nganye yokusebenza kwayo ngokumilisela nokusebenzisa iinkqubo zokuphendula neenkqubo zokunikela ingxelo kule ntlangano; kanti okokugqibela izama ukufikelela ukuba negalelo kwibutho labantu ngokuthi ngendlela ebonisa ukuzibophelela nengqiqo iqhube amaphulo achuliweyo; ihlola inkqubela rhoqo; yaye isabela nakwimo etshintsha rhoqo esebenza kuyo.


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uyafa Holzbetten Weiß Lasiert photo e isigaba, i ingasetyenziswa ukulungiselela iinjongo ngamnye non-commercial, ekubeni zonke iintlobo apha Kuthethwa izinto zobumnini ze abanikazi bazo. ungakwazi search enye photo of Holzbetten Weiß Lasiert ngo zethu neegalari ezo ngezantsi. Ukuba ufuna search enye picture ungakwazi ukuhlola zethu nabanye isigaba.
Jabo Massive Holzbetten Massive Betten Mit Schubladen Schlafzimmer of http://www.jabo-moebel.de/bilder/kommoden_color.jpg
Uninzi izinto imithombo kule website emva kokuba “Sebenzisa Fair” -Imfundiso komthetho copyright coverage iindaba non-commercial, iinjongo zemfundo kunye nengxoxo evunyiweyo ebhalwe. Thina nazo zonke iimfuno Yehlisa .
Bettgestell Kiefer Massiv Wei Lasiert X Picture On Pinterest of http://www.massivholzmoebelundmehr.de/images/produkte/i30/3009.jpg
10 efanayo Izithombe Holzbetten Weiß Lasiert ukuba umhleli layisha
uyafa Holzbetten Weiß Lasiert eyabhalwa umhleli, i usize, na kule sayithi ngeenjongo ezingezizo ezorhwebo yaye wonke lo mfanekiso kusesidlangalaleni. emva ingxaki nge Holzbetten Weiß Lasiert picture copyright? Ungasebenzisa yethu DMCA page size siyibone le Ngxelo Holzbetten Weiß Lasiert picture nazo zonke iinkcukacha , wena umnikazi Holzbetten Weiß Lasiert photo.
Holzbetten Weiß Lasiert Bild ist in die Kategorie , ezinokusetyenziswa ngeenjongo ngamnye non-commercial, ngenxa yokuba bonke uphawu iimpawu abanini bazo apha. Sie können andere Bild Holzbetten Weiß Lasiert in unseren Galerien unten durchsuchen. Ukuba ufuna ukubona omnye umfanekiso, Unakho ukukhangela ezinye udidi yethu.
ngaphambi kokuba ufunde ngayo, empfehle ich das Araund dieses schönenHolzbetten Weiß Lasiert Foto aussehen.
Jabo Massive Holzbetten Massive Betten Mit Schubladen Schlafzimmer
Khangela le amazing 10 Photography ngeso ngayo
Esi sithuba ebhalwe editor, negalelo kule sayithi injongo non Comersial.
kwaye konke oku photo Domain Public.
Uneengxaki kulo mfanekiso Copyright? Uyakwazi ukusebenzisa iphepha lethu DMCA kunye nengxelo ukufunda eli lodonga kunye naluphi na ulwazi olunzulu, ukuba umnikazi


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Twin Spin DeluxeShow
Twin Spin Deluxe™
Twin Spin Deluxe™ is a video slot with Cluster Pays having six reels that is set on the 6x5 grid. The Azisekho ezintsha online anikwe amandla NetEntertinament Software. Slot yonke malunga iisimboli ubudala abaneminyaka kuquka iisimboli bar exutywe neesimboli iziqhamo ezahlukeneyo uwunika neon izibane yacaca. I ngokucophelela Cash Slots ngokuqinisekileyo ukukunika amava yokudlala emangalisayo zokukubonelela imizobo ezintle nomculo izandi efana style Arcade.
Le umdlalo of New Online Slots
Ukuze uqale ukudlala lo slot rainbow, kufuneka ukubheja ukuba isukela 0.01 ukuze 1. Iqhosha spin iya kuqalisa kokutshintsha ekwazi kunye sokudlala khetho ugcine it qhubeka ngaphandle iziphazamiso ukuba inani elithile amaxesha. Le mifanekiso ze kumngxunyana ezi lwekamva nomculo yangasemva ezikukhumbuza of Ibiza iklabhu. Isimboli ezahlukeneyo kwiindawo zokubeka ezintsha online ziquka amakhadi okudlala - Jack, Queen, King, kunye Ace kunye neesimboli eziphakamileyo exabisa ezifana 7s ebomvu, imigoqo, cherry, neentsimbi. Isimboli got kubekho nokuyifeza neon.
Iimpawu ezizodwa ezinikezelwa yi ngokucophelela Cash Slots
Ukwenza lwendibaniso awinileyo kule Azisekho ezintsha online, ufuna ukwenza izihloko elithoba okanye ngaphezulu imifuziselo ezifanayo. Iqela unako kuyilwa kunye neesimboli igqampe phezulu adjacently kwi kwizikhundla ezithe tye okanye nkqo. Isimboli ukudlala ikhadi nga kukuvuza ukuya 100x esibondeni iyonke kokufika up nge 30 ngendlela cluster. Isimboli Bells kunye Cherry ungakwazi ukuhlawula, ukuba 250x kwisibonda, imivalo kunye 7s ezibomvu Sinika kuwe 500x isibonda iyonke bokufumana 30 ngendlela cluster. Lo mqondiso ohlawuliweyo nedayimani blue ukuba ungakwazi ukuhlawula wena 1000 amaxesha esibondeni iyonke bokufumana 30 imifuziselo ezifanayo Sisihloko. E Twin Reel feature, Ihlole iqala kwethafa ekwazi amawele efanayo eziqhagamshelwe ndawonye. Ezi ekwazi amawele la kwiindawo zokubeka ezintsha online Unokuwuqhawula kwandiswa zingathathela kuzo 3 ukuze 6 ekwazi ezinxulumene omelene apho iisimboli efanayo ukufumana iboniswe inceda ukudala ezisebenzisanayo ezinkulu.
Ukushwankathela
Kuko konke, i kwiindawo zokubeka ezintsha online zithathwa ukuba mahluko eliphakathi slot ividiyo unakho ukuhlawula kuwe ukuya 1000 amaxesha esibondeni iyonke ukuba spin. Slot ngokucacile eyomeleziweyo ezikhuphile i RTP of 96.6% oko kwanele ukugcina abadlali anamathele umdlalo uze uzame ukufumana Ukubhatalwa enkulu.


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Ngenxa yokuba ezalwa ngabantu abazimbacu ezisuka eSomalia, uAli Omar (19) akakwazi kufumana isazisi nangona yena eyinzalelwane yeli loMzantsi Afrika.
Oku kwenza ukuba angakwazi kuzinza, nokusebenzisa ingqondo esikolweni nangona efunda ibanga leshumi.
“Ingxaki utata akafuni kubangummi weli loMzantsi Afrika ngezizathu ezaziwa nguye, ngoku andikwazi kufumana isazisi, ndiyalibaziseka ukubhalisa igama lam kuluhlu lwabafundi bebanga leshumi,” uthethe watsho uOmar.
Ilizwe loMzantsi Afrika lingenelele kumazwe ehlabathi athe akhumbula abantu abazimbacu kwihlabathi ngomhla wamashumi amabini kwinyanga yeSilimela.
“Ndinethemba lokuba kwiveki ezayo ikhona inguqu eza kwenzeka, kuba kudala ndizama ukufumana isazisi ukuze ndikwazi ukubhala iimviwo zebanga leshumi,” uthethe watsho uOmar.
Lo ngumfundi webanga leshumi kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo iAcademy eMonti.
Uninakhulu wale nkwenkwe uFatima Moosa Omar uthi akanangxaki ngokubayimbacu eMzantsi Afrika, kodwa iyamhlupha ingxaki yomzukulwana wakhe.
“Asinangxaki ngokubazimbacu eMzantsi Afrika, kodwa le ngxaki kaAli ayisonwabisi, lo ngumntwana ozelelwe apha eFrere eMonti ngumntu walapha eMzantsi Afrika, sinethemba lokuba iza kulunga le ngxaki.”
Ukanti abanye abantu abaphuma kumazwe angaphandle kweli abaquka uHashim Ijaz uthi uyalikhumbula ikhaya lakhe ePakistan, kodwa ilizwe loMzantsi Afrika iselikhaya elishushu okwangoku.
“Ndiyakhumbula ukugoduka kodwa, akukho nto indiphethe kakubi eMzantsi Afrika, ngonyaka ngamnye ndiyazama ukuya ekhaya ndiye kubona usapho lwam,” utshilo uIjaz.
Isikhumbuzo sembacu kwihlabathi siqalwe ngonyaka ka2001 yiarhente yezizwe ezimanyeneyo iUN Refugee Agency ngeenjongo zokukhathalela iimbacu kwihlabathi.
Ingxelo yale arhente ithi ngabantu abakumashumi amathandathu anesithoba ezigidi ehlabathini abanyanzelwe zimeko ezithile ukuba bashiye amakhaya wabo.


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Gemology Uluhlu - Gemological Institute of Cambodia Uluhlu. Gem Uluhlu. elinqabileyo Uluhlu
neeperile abalone
neeperile anobukhazikhazi ezinemibala eveliswe inkumba univalue enokutyiwa esivulekileyo iqokobhe ezimilise indlebe-khulu ngenxa ezimibalabala wayo unina-of-iperile imigxuma. Ezi zifumaneka Melika, New Zealand kunye namanzi yaseJapan. Kunqabile bhitmephu, bona badla buhlohlwa nendlebe okanye iwindow tooth-
ukufunxa
ukuthatha (umzekelo, into) okanye angenise okanye afumane amandla zamandla (umzekelo, ukukhanya)
Absorption spectrum
nesilinganiso lwelayini ezimnyama nkqo, bands, okanye imimandla (nokufunxwa ngokubanzi), zayibonayo ukukhanya ethe wadluliselwa okanye kubonakala ukusuka gemstone iphaphatheke libe zalo ecacicleyo nasele kusetyenziswa isixhobo esifana spectroscope.
Adamantine
ukubona inkazimlo
Adularescence
uphawu sibengezela bamantshontsho-ezimhlophe okanye milky (Schiller) uqhelaniso
Allochromatic
xa element lenguqu ukho nje ekungcoleni engephi umbandela gem, loo mbandela allochromatic (Allo = ezinye; Chroma = umbala)
Alluvium
elide jikelele ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo imali xa kobutyobo rock (esihle iidipozithi) eziye ihanjiswa elibaleka amanzi ebekwe phantsi kumsinga, emlanjeni, unogumbe iibhedi plain okanye echibini.
Amorphous
ukubona non-ezikrelekrele
Anisotropic
ukubona ngeIsta refractive
Archimedes umgaqo
Archimedes mgaqo ithi xa umzimba msizi ulwelo, ngoko injongo phezulu kulwelo emzimbeni lilingana ubunzima ulwelo abangenamakhaya. (Ukuzimisela womxhuzulane othile ngendlela zalishumi hydrostatic isekelwe lo mgaqo)
amatye Artificial
magaqa eyenziwe ngumntu ukuba akukho umlingani zendalo (umzekelo, le simulants nedayimani: titanate kwiteksti kwaye YAG)
unyango Artificial
ekwandiseni ukubonakala into ngokuthi zokufudumeza, nizikhwebule, efakwe ukumitha, zokukhanya okanye laser-wokugrumba
akude ndawonye
nayiphi gem yenziwe iinxalenye ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu sele ngesamente okanye kweni kunye ukuba ilitye elinye
Asterism
asterism na isiphumo kubonisa, ngokubanzi ezine okanye-babehlola ntandathu, imicu zilungelelaniswe okanye nemingxuma uboya kwindawo ilitye luye lwathotywa en cabochon kunye inclusions nelungiselelwe ngokunxuseneyo moya umbhinqo
Aventurescence
kubonisa ngamandla bha ukukhanya iipleyiti okanye Imihlubulo omnye yezimbiwa ziqukiwe ilitye (umzekelo, njengoko sibonile iglasi aventurine, Quartz aventurine, aventurine feldspar (Sunstone))
Ezimanyeneyo macala
omnye iingxenye macala, i-axis macala ngumgca ntekelelo ngokusebenzisa embindini njengekristale, malunga apho yikristale unako abolikisane, ukwenzela ukuba imbonakalo efanayo izihlandlo 2, 3, 4 okanye 6 kwenye kujikelezo ngokupheleleyo (ie , ubuso efanayo ubambe isikhundla efanayo, ngaphezu kanye kujikelezo ngokupheleleyo)
neeperile ezimbejembeje
igama lisetyenziswa neyeeperile, bobabini zendalo nesiphucukileyo, zeeblista okanye umjikelo,
leyo engavumelekanga imilo
lebasalt
lebasalt, yeyona ixhaphakileyo KwabBtwe imabhuli iliwa, na emnyama, iliwa ocoliweyo-tofo kakhulu zenziwe feldspar emnyama kunye pyroxene (kunye okanye ngaphandle olivine). Kukho inani ezithi zihlelwa ngokuxhomekeke phezu yokungafani texture, isakhiwo kunye nesiqulatho nezimbiwa
amatye Biaxial
kwi iinkqubo orthorhombic, monoclinic kwaye triclinic kukho ezintathu yikristale zokutyhomfa ezibude. Uphazamiso Double kuya kwenzeka kumacala amaninzi, kodwa kuya kubakho nemigca enqamleze optic (kwimiyalelo Uphazamiso enye) ukuba zahluke yokuqhelaniswa iintlobo nganye gem eyahlukileyo. neeminerali ngoweqela ezi nkqubo baziwa biaxial. (Xa inkqubo orthorhombic nezamazembe optic akathandi ngokulinganayo 'c' (iasi umgaqo nkqo), ngoxa triclinic monoclinic kwaye kungekho buhlobo ngqo yikristale ezibukhali zesinyithi.)
Birefringence
(Nezaziwa Uphazamiso kabini / DR) birefringence sisixa Uphazamiso zeli- gemstone anisotropic wavakalisa njengomohluko phakathi indices refractive ngelo yokuzahlula ubuninzi
neeperile Biwa
neeperile non-nucleated nesiphucukileyo (rhoqo mbhoxo okanye anobukhazikhazi kwimilo yaseJapan) engumlimi ngeenxa kunxweme lweChibi Biwa eJapan. Perile ezilinywa ngokufaka ngamaqhekeza amancinci yokwaleka kungena umzimba eembaza iimbaza yamanzi ezinkulu
isiphako
elide jikelele isiphako ethi ichaphazele webala gem. Ukuba nesiphako idla okubangelwa zizenzo zabantu, nokuba lo gama gem wenziwa lisikwa ngoxa kunxitywa iimpahla. Imikrwelo, wemihadi, engophiyo zezona zixhaphakileyo iintlobo eligqibeleleyo
neeperile zeeblista
neeperile ezigqunywe kwicala elinye kuphela umaleko nacreous owakhulayo ubelilingene nekukholeleka original wadibana iqokobhe lemollusk. Xa atsalwa neeperile ezinjalo, ummandla lowo wadibana iqokobhe yi angqine nacre. Ngokufanelekileyo kweli cala wamzalela ngokuqhelekileyo mpuluswa kwaye efihliweyo lingekatshoni
kunyuse
Ubulumko linani lilonke ukukhanya iboniswe ngaphakathi ukuba wabuyela iliso ukusuka elinqabileyo. Kungenjalo ukuba lungabonakaliswa njengokukhazimla (ubomi) ye gemstone njengoko kumiselwe isixa ukukhanya iboniswa emva iliso ngasemva zeenkalo ilitye
Brittleness
brittleness ichazwa njenge ubuthathaka kwindawo gemstone apho nangona lukhuni yayo, kwenza kube sengozini ngokwaphulwa, umonakalo (umzekelo, ubushushu Zircon iphathwa)
iliso Cat ngayo
ukubona chatoyancy
Center of macala
enye yezinto ezifunekayo macala, iziko macala ekhoyo xa zonke ubuso yikristale ogqibeleleyo kuchasene olungaphesheya ubuso efanayo kwelinye icala yikristale (oko kukuthi, bonke ubuso inomnye ubuso efanayo, isini kunye ngaxeshanye)
Chatoyancy
nempembelelo imbonakaliso inclusions ngaxeshanye uboya elihlenga okanye (eye ikati i-) mingxunya. I streak enye ukukhanya yavela xande ulwalathiso inclusions kwaye ibonwa ingcono phantsi kumthombo ukukhanya enye ovahedi ngamatye ngewuthe en cabochon
Chelsea umbala rater
isixhobo ebandakanya indibanisela okucoca, nto nesenziwe ukuba uvumela ezimbini kuphela amacandelo emnxinwa malumga ukuze zibonakale kuyo: le ibomvu enzulu (kufuphi 690nm) kunye eluhlaza esimthubi (kufutshane 570nm). Oku kuluncedo xa ebonisa ubukho chrome okanye loSapho in GEMS ezithile, ekufunyanisweni kwe (chrome) idayi ngamatye kunye eyahlula ezinye izinto gem evela imitations yabo eqhelekileyo. Isikhumbuzo: Sebenzisa uphawu isilumkiso kuphela. Ubungqina ixhomekeke ezinye iimvavanyo
Chromophore
(Arhente imibala). Inxalenye imolekyuli elinoxanduva umbala compound ngayo. Ke akhoyo njengoko abakhoyo sifuneka kwemichiza kukwakheka amatye idiochromatic okanye elubhorha accidentai ngamatye allochromatic
ingcaciso
ligama elisetyenziswa ukuchaza inkululeko isalamane ukusuka nasiphi na isiphene internai okanye irregularity (inclusions) kwindawo gem. Inkcazelo kwakhona iyakwandiswa ukuze iquke kumphezulu iziphene (isiphako) xa kuqwalaselwa kwibakala ecace ngayo ilitye
umbala bands
bands kalukhuni engumzekelo umbala kubonwa kumphezulu zeekristali okanye izakhiwo internai amatye (kubonise izigaba ukukhula okubangelwa ngomahluko ekhoyo amachiza, ulwelo, ubushushu, uxinzelelo nezinye izinto)
Umbala kwi GEMS
imbono olubonakalayo nabavoti apho mhlophe enokwahlulwa (bomvu, orenji, omthubi, oluhlaza, nemisonto emsi) kwakunye ukubaqhelanisa nemfusa leyo ayifumaneki kwi spectrum ilanga. Umbala ichazwa wentlaba, bantu kunye nethoni. Umbala umzimba ube gemstone ivela ukukhanya athe ngayo ibonwa kwakunye ngokuba ngenxa ukufunxeka wavelengths ezithile bokukhanya. Umbala nabo kunokubangelwa eziziintsali, ukuphazamisana wokukhanya Fluorescence
umbala socando
ucando umbala ikhule ngexesha ukukhula yikristale ngenxa azingqinelani zoqhaphelo obukuso. Iindidi ngebala (bands okanye imimandla) zidla zibonwa ukulandela ubuso yikristale ekhoyo
izinto imibala
nokufunxwa kukhetha ukukhanya ngenxa yobukho eziqalelo lotshintsho (ikhrom, icobalt, ubhedu, nevanadium, manganese, intsimbi, inickel, titanium) ngamatye idiochromatic kwaye allochromatic
indawo yokudlala
compact linentsingiselo efanayo oxandileyo kwaye lisetyenziswa ingakumbi xa liquid kubonisa umqondiso amasuntswana zesakhiwo (umzekelo, fme-olungisiweyo jadeite jade)
gemstone Composite
ukubona gemstone ndawonye
neeperile likanokrwece
neeperile pink: neeperile zingafumaneka likanokrwece omkhulu, wenkumba univalve yafunyanwa kufuphi nonxweme Florida, umsantsa of California kunye Mexico. Ezi neeperile ikholisa ezipinki (-orenji epinki okanye amhlophe) ngebala kunye luphawulwa kukunqongophala kusalekwa nacreous
Conchoidal
ndibone ukwaphuka
Qhagamshelana kum tamorphic
le recrystallization okubhalwe bezimbiwa zeengxondorha pre-ezikhoyo okanye kufutshane kummandla zoqhagamshelwano ngenxa ebusweni magmas
Qhagamshelana amawele
uhlobo akhazimlayo yokuthungelana apho bantu ba kwi zoqhagamshelwano ecaleni moya efanayo (-moya amawele). Amalungu amabini yikristale enjalo ezinxulumene ukuba inxalenye enye yajikeleziswa ngokusebenzisa 180 ° (isiqingatha turn) malunga axis (esqwini amawele) ngoko iziqingatha ezibini wayeza ukumila yikristale ngamnye. Amawele zoqhagamshelwano ikhona iifom ezimbini: zoqhagamshelwano elinye iwele-apho 2 macala e nekristale ukuze reverse ukwenzela ukuba omnye isiqingatha esijikeleziswa 180 ° malunga womgca bazibandakanye, ekwimo yikristale eqhelekileyo ifunyenwe; ngokuphindaphindiweyo, amawele-a polysynthetic okanye lammelar uhlobo akhazimlayo yokuthungelana equka uthotho amawele zoqhagamshelwano ngokufuthi zizixwexwe kakhulu. Ezi zicwangciswe orientation malunga abamelwane babo nangoko (umzekelo, njengoko efumaneka Corundum kunye feldspar). Bona amawele interpenetrant
angle Critical
loo engile izehlo apho ray ukukhanya leyo ohamba ukusuka azike optically ukuba mpawu eliphakathi oku refracted e 90 ° ngokwahlukileyo (oko kukuthi, loo nto ngokukhawuleza komhlaba eendaba amabini zoqhagamshelwano). Qaphela: naluphi na ukunyuka kule engile izehlo kuya kubangela ray refracted ukuba babuye umva kwi eliphakathi original apho kuya beyithobela imithetho bokubonisa (oko kukuthi, loo nto iya ngokupheleleyo ngaphakathi ibonakala.)
Cryptocrystalline
(Crypto = efihliweyo). Ikota kusetyenziswa ukuchaza ekuzezi inani omkhulu zeekristali ezincinane rhoqo sub-noluncinci ukuzazi ubunzima eqinile. Inkqutyana-noluncinci akhazimlayo aggregate angavela amorphous ukuba ngeliso lenyama
Crystal
njengekristale yinto siluqilima iyunifomu iikhemikhali kunye isakhiwo wayalela internai atom uhlobo lwangaphandle lingqongwe moya symmetrically amalungiselelo ubuso (ezisicaba)
uhlobo Crystal
luhlobo njengekristale libandakanya cwci ezo ibobaa bazibuza enxulumene nezamazembe crystallographic (umzekelo, iphiramidi, iprism, pinacoid, udaka)
Crystal mkhwa
iimilo yikristale (uhlobo, kunye kwiimpawu zomphandle) apho izimbiwa sidla ngokuba imikhwa yabo akhazimlayo
inclusions Crystal
yikristale inclusions abonakalayo ngokuba abo iikona emincinane kwaye tse noko. elintlangothi lazo iifomu elirhangqiweyo kancinane nazo wadibana ngenxa reabsorption ye inclusions. (Yikristale inclusions ngokuqhelekileyo ukubonisa phezulu isiqabu ngokuchasene komkhosi ngasemva xa zijongwa phantsi darkfield ukhanyiso. Baya zitshekishwe ngokusebenzisa polars bawela.)
Crystal macala
yikristale macala ibhekisa ngokomfuziselo elungeleleneyo ngokweathom. Yeyona yokuzala ngqo (phinda imbonakalo) yobuso efanayo yikristale (elintlangothi, iikona) ezibonisa lungiselelo wayalela angaphakathi kweziyobisi.
ezikrelekrele
izinto crystalline ngokuthi nkcazo ngezimbiwa eqinileyo ogama Iiyuniyoni, athom okanye iimolekyuli zicwangciswe ngendlela enocwangco. Ukuziqhelisa, lo gama idla ngokusetyenziswa ukuchaza izinto, umnini isakhiwo rhoqo kunye neepropati kumacala kodwa ukuba imilo lwangaphandle zejometri
zokutyhomfa Crystallographic
ezi imigca yentelekelelo yobude ukubaleka elingenammiselo ngokusebenzisa
yikristale efanelekileyo kumacala ezithile article ngokunxulumene lingano yikristale. Baya yendlela embindini yikristale kwindawo ebizwa ngokuba imvelaphi. (Bona imigca yereferensi kulinganiswa imigama lwezizalwane utyekelo ubuso ezahlukeneyo apho.)
neeperile nesiphucukileyo
neeperile nesiphucukileyo na yimibutho ubaxo yabangela ngokupheleleyo okanye ngokungaphelelanga
ngenxa songenelelo arhente yoluntu kwi Kumbindi izilwanyana nemveliso. Oku kusebenza neeperile nesiphucukileyo enoba okanye ngaphandle inucleus
neeperile mjikelo
neperile obenza ngaphakathi umzimba lemollusk pearl kwaye bhitmephu ukumila
ukubandakanywa Dendritic
umthi-ezifanayo okanye moss-like liqhekeza ukuzaliswa (apho inclusions izinto ezahlukileyo ukuze fil ikhefu -. ngokokuqhelekileyo oxide intsimbi)
Divitrify
ukuze bazisunduze ye inkazimlo olubuglasi kunye transluceny. (Kwimeko imveliso iglasi ebizwa meta jade - kukuba uphuhliso bhaliweyo incipient)
Dichroscope
le dichroscope na isixhobo evumela iziphumo pleochroic kwezimbiwa gem amakaqwalaselwe, imibala ezimbini okanye ezikhanyayo bebala ngexesha
Diffraction
le umgca ukukhanya luhlobo ezizodwa zokuphazamisana ukukhanya apho mhlophe ahlulwa (kwisifudumeze) ngokwemibala yayo icandelo njengokukhanya edlula emngxunyeni encinane okanye xa amaza ukukhanya ipasise ngohlangothi phakathi kwezinto ngokwahlukileyo refracting (umzekelo, umdlalo bebala kubonwa yihakinto ezixabisekileyo)
kwiintsali
kwiintsali ke yokuzahlula (ekuphazanyisweni) bokukhanya emhlophe kwi imibala ecacicleyo yi Uphazamiso (ukugoba ukukhanya) njengokuba ukukhanya udlula imiphezulu ezimbini bethana. Kwi GEMS oko kudla ngokubizwa ngokuba 'umlilo'
refractive kabini
anisotropic - izimbiwa abonise iimpawu lwalatha woqondo (umzekelo, amatye kwi tetragonal, trigonal ezinamacala, orthorhombic, iinkqubo monoclinic kunye triclinic)
spectrum yezixhobo
gama lisetyenziswa lonke uluhlu wavelengths zamandla ukusuka amaza elide irediyo ngokusebenzisa wavelengths kakhulu mfutshane lendalo
Izakhi macala
iingxenye wolingano kukho indlela classifi-hlulo zeenkqubo ezisixhenxe njengekristale. Ke izixhobo ukuze sikwazi ukuba sahlule bachaze iintlobo ezahlukeneyo njengekristale imilo. Ziquka moya-macala, i-axis macala kunye neziko-macala (jonga iinkcazelo phantsi kwizintlu ngamnye)
Eluvium
imali eluvial luqulathe kobutyobo rock (zegrabile) apho laye (uyewazikhusela kakuhle ngaphandle) kumamkeli iliwa kwaye ihlala kulungiso (indawo) ngaphandle uqeqeshwa uthutho emilanjeni
ayikhuphi
enokukhupha okanye (umzekelo, ukukhanya)
Enantiomorphism
isakhiwo ze- ye Quartz leyo ekuchithekeni ekhohlo ne ekunene isandla ekwehleni ukukhula Quartz, kunye dyobhana yayo setyhula. (Qaphela: Ukubekwa yobuso IPASO ezincinane kwezibonakalayo rhoqo phezu yangaphandle kwifomu uncedo ukuchonga lokuhambisa ekhohlo okanye ekunene yikristale)
UPhuculo
ukubona unyango eyenziweyo
inclusions Epigenetic
post inclusions lwanamhlanje. Abo ezenzeke emva kokumiselwa umkhosi njengekristale. Ezi zibandakanya iintlobo ezahlukeneyo iingxondorha kunye inclusions kwezimbiwa ezenziwa exsolution (umzekelo, rutile isilika kwi Corundum); singasathethi ioli / opticon, njl, yokutyiwa kwi ngokwaphulwa zizaliswe ubuncwane.
inclusions Exsolution
ukubona exsolved
Exsolved
le unmixing kwezimbiwa. Ezinye izibini kwezimbiwa yenze izisombululo eqinileyo kwiqondo lobushushu eliphezulu kwaye baba iyahlozinga ebanda ephantsi. Xa ezi aphozise chu omnye yezimbiwa anganyanzeleka xa isakhiwo umkhosi ayaphola nezivumelwano, ngokoqobo ukucudisa ubumdaka zithuba ezingenabantu apho nokuntlalutyisa (umzekelo, rutile inaliti (isilika) kwi Corundum)
ukuphela
lokutshabalala ukungabikho ukukhanya abuyele iliso. Oku kubangela ukuba abonakale mnyama ilitye, ningaswele billiance
amagama inkalo
GEMS esinamacala kuba sisithsaba (isahlulo phezulu entla kombhinqo), itafile (inkalo embindini isithsaba), nombhinqo (kwicandelo le ilitye kunye umjikelezo mkhulu okanye umda yangaphandle), ngumnquba (inxalenye esezantsi ngezantsi umbhinqo ). Zonke ezinye iinkalo ungahluka ngobukhulu yabo, amaxesha okanye ubukho kuxhomekeke isimbo nangokukrola kusetyenziswa. Umzekelo, kwi umgangatho inyathelo-wonqanyulwa (nelesmarado cut) amatye culet (nkalo encinane emazantsi egumbini) ithathwa umgca zikhangeleke (elide kumgca owandisiweyo ecaleni embindini ezantsi egumbini)
cleavage zobuxoki
ukubona Wahlula
Iintsiba ukubandakanywa
moya ye nemingxuma emfutshane yaye ngokuqhelekileyo ivele njenge inkitha amacandelo ocoliweyo intonga-injengayo intercommunicating imijelo (ngokuqhelekileyo ulwelo qhu).
uboya
ligama kunikwa izinto apho liquid abasemthethweni zezi yenaliti ezimilise (umzekelo, iasbhestosi, nephrite jade)
inclusions womwe
ezo nani kwaziwa ngeentsiba ukuphiliswa kwaye zibandakanya interconnecting uthungelwano lamajelo ulwelo-zigcwaliswe kwaye amathontsi ngokungathi iminwe. Ngokuqhelekileyo isiphumo kwezisombululo nezimbiwa ngokuthe nokuyicoca ibe ophuke pre-ezikhoyo kwi-yikristale sele, kwaye ephilisa Volcanic. Enye imeko apho iimpawu ezinjalo Kothi ngexesha lonyango ubushushu ubushushu. Lweminwe zixhaphakile kwekorale iphathwa
Gqiba
entanjeni ibhekisa umgangatho faceting ye gem kwaye kugwetywa iqondo ukhanye, rhoqo, kwaye flatness ngayo inkalo nganye
Fluorescence
rescence na ukukhutshwa ukukhanya ibonakale anqabileyo ukuba sebesazi radiations ezibonakalayo okanye engabonakaliyo ngamaza elifutshane (amandla ephakamileyo)
ukwaphuka
ngokwaphulwa yinto itshipu mgaqweni okanye ukuqhawuka ilitye
gem
nelitye elinqabileyo naluphi na uhlobo, zisike olukhazimlisiweyo nesihombo (iperile na ngaphandle ephawulekayo semfuno mva). Eyona ngokuthi nkcazo umntu anazo ubuhle, ixesha elide kunye nokunqaba
iglasi
iglasi gama lisetyenziswa kwi izinto ezo esishiywe ukunyibilika kwaye ukupholisa ngokukhawuleza kwezinto nezimbiwa, ebangela ukuba kusekwe izinto amorphous. Glass kunokuba eyenziweyo (ezenziwe ngabantu, ngamanye amaxesha ibizwa ngokuba Cola) okanye ngaphezulu kunqabile, umzekelo zendalo, obsidian (iglasi mlilo), tektites (wacinga ukuba iimveliso splash meteoric)
inyengane
lenyengane kukukhanya ezinemibala, ontlakantlaka-tofo imabhuli izifaka iliwa yenziwe ngeasidi Quartz, feldspar kunye mica
sibophe ukukhula
bands khaphu kwaye omnyama imigca ethe ngqo kwi engile alandela umzekelo noshowo iiminerali
umkhwa
imilo iimpawu apho ngezimbiwa ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka. Mkhwa ibandakanya kungekuphela nje ifomu lwangaphandle ngokuqhelekileyo eyamkelwe iiminerali kodwa iziphumo kumphezulu eqhelekileyo kwakunye
Hackly
ndibone ukwaphuka
Halo ukubandakanywa
akhazimlayo ukubandakanywa engqongwe (s) ophuke uxinezeleko. Ezi kwakhona khangela ngathi ibhabhathane kunye amaphiko amabini yikristale ziquka oluvele (leyo edla Zircon)
ukuqina
lukhuni ke amandla ngezimbiwa kufuneka sixhathise besonwaya (lingonakali). Bona kwakhona isikali Eshtemo ngayo
ephilisa iintanda
waphilisa iintanda (ukucandeka okanye cleavages) apho ulwelo bangena ikhefu kunye yikristale wakhula kunye. Ngokufuthi iinxalenye kulwelo zisamiliseleke kwi nemingxuma kunye namajelo ebangela feathery okanye womwe-ezifana Iipateni (ngamanye amaxesha intsimbi-odyojwe)
Hue
nombala ibhekisa igama lombala ngokwayo: le iminqweno olunyulu ecacicleyo ibomvu, orenji, omthubi, oluhlaza, nemisonto emsi iindidi ezi. Hue kwakhona ibhekisa ukubaqhelanisa nemfusa (phakathi ebomvu bubomvu), nto leyo ayifumaneki kwi spectrum ilanga
wobushushu
namawa ebekwe phantsi, ngokuqhelekileyo kwezi zigaba yokugqibela yokudityaniswa oluntabamlilo ukusuka iziqina izityebi ngamanzi kunye nezinye iigesi. Imithambo wobushushu kwezimbiwa isityebi izisombululo lokucoca ngapha izikhewu kunye iingxondorha ludaka kunye nefom yikristale nemingxuma emgceni eweni
Idiochromatic
xa element leenguqu yinto abakhoyo ebalulekileyo eziphathekayo gem, izinto gem na idiochromatic (idio = ukuzeyisa, Chroma = umbala)
cell ukuntywiliselwa
cell iglasi encinane equlethe ulwelo ezifanelekileyo. Umgaqo ngasemva usebenzisa kwiseli emanzini ukuba isalathisi refractive kulwelo ukuba ilitye, kokukhona kuya kuba lula ukubona ilitye. Phantse naluphi na ulwelo ezingenambala, nokuba ngamanzi, ndinqumle phantsi komhlaba bokubonisa, uze wenze inclusions ukubukela lula kakhulu
Endaweni yokuhlala
izinto kwadityanwa indawo apho yaqala kwasekwa okanye idiphozithwe kuthiwa kufunyanwa behleli (ngokoqobo endaweni)
ukubandakanywa
elide jikelele nasiphi na isiphene okanye isitenxo ngaphakathi gem. Inclusions zahlulwe iintlobo ezintathu ezahlukeneyo: eqinileyo-zombini crystalline (umzekelo, Zircon kwi nesafire) okanye non-crystalline (umzekelo, iglasi zendalo peridot) abenzekayo. Nemingxuma-ezi Ungamisela ngexesha lokukhula umkhosi GEMS (inclusions eziziiprayimari), okanye emva koko (inclusions eziziisekondari). Nokuba hlobo ukuze ndizaliswe nayiphi indibanisela ulwelo, igesi okanye eqinileyo. Abo izigaba ezibini nangaphezulu sathiwa multiphase. Ukukhula iziganeko-umbala lwemida nokubandakanya bobabini imizekelo bemimangaliso yokukhula
Infrared
iindlela obubomvurha ngezantsi ebomvu kwaye oku uluhlu imitha iqala wavelengths ukuba akukho ngaphezu 700nm bombala obomvu. imitha Infrared yaziwa jikelele ngokuba ubushushu kuba uvelisa sekuziveni onobubele xa wabetha ngokuqakatha yethu
Ungenelelo
apho imitha ezimbini behamba endleleni efanayo, kodwa ngaphandle isigaba (inqwanqwa), anikane aphazamisane omnye nomnye ebangela nokuba ukuphela iyonke yokukhanya okanye pre-nokuvelela enye okanye ngaphezulu imibala
amanani Ukuphazamisa
ezi ziphumo woqondo zayibonayo izimbiwa kabini refractive igqalwa ngokusebenzisa ubuso ngaxeshanye kwi convergent umqadi yokukhanya mihla. Baza kukwazi ulwazi malunga kwembalo amatye
twins Interpenetrant
uhlobo akhazimlayo yokuthungelana apho abantu ababini ukuze ikhule ndawonye ukuba kuyabonakala ukuba ibingenakungeneka omnye komnye (rhoqo ukuvelisa umnqamlezo okanye inkwenkwezi amatye)
Iridescence
iridescence okanye umdlalo ngemibala ichaza umbala okanye uthotho imibala eziveliswa uphazamiseko okanye umgca xa ukukhanya lubonakala mhlawumbi bhanyabhanya ezicekethekileyo okanye isakhiwo obubodwa yihakinto anqabileyo
indawo Isomorphous
endaweni enye imichiza element omnye ke valency efanayo ukwakhiwa kwemichiza. Oku kuphumela yokungafani ngokubanzi zobumnini emzimbeni samalungu thotho. Valency: kwe michiza akumila kunye radius ionic
Isotropic
ukubona imingxunya refractive
Keshi neeperile nesiphucukileyo
eyenzeka ngokwendalo neeperile yamanzi non-nucleated eyenza kwi wenkumba xa sibuyiswa emanzini emva ukususwa kwisityalo neyeeperile non-nucleated nesiphucukileyo. Ezi ukuba mazingabhidaniswa pearis imbewu zaselwandle apho zidla mncinci kakhulu. Iimbaza `keshi 'ukuba atsalele-njalo kuba kwangokunjalo ke azonakalanga ukusuka layila ngumntu. Ngamanye amaxesha kuye kuthiwe seedless 'neeperile `ukwenza umahluko kunye non-nucleated. Bona kwakhona neeperile Biwa
neeperile Keshi (elwandle)
imbewu umnxeba neeperile Japanese `keshi '(poppies). Umbutho apha phakathi ubungakanani isuntswana popi kunye neeperile ezincinane kakhulu kwasekwa ngokwendalo
Konoscope
indawo polariscope ifakelwe kokuba zihlalutywe ngamandla actions leyo inceda lula zokubonwa amanani uphazamiseko
inclusions Lamellae
okubangelwa ukubotshwa polysynthetic. Angavela njengoko siyabamfamekisa okanye ngaphaya iintlanzi-umgca. Basenokuba nako kubonakala ngokuhlanganisana engile (umzekelo, kwi Corundum apho kudibana imiyalelo)
Imihlaba Lateritic
izinto emhlabeni (kwenziwa iziqwenga iliwa nezihluma) apho ikakhulu ethatyathwe basait ibolile (a olungisiweyo iliwa entle mnyama mlilo zizityebi ngentsimbi nezinki, nesivulelekileyo kakhulu iziphumo ziimozulu imichiza kwimozulu yetropiki)
Luminescence
elide jikelele ngenxa ngokunika off ebonakalayo 'ukukhanya abandayo yinto ethile phezu ukufumana amandla intshiyekela uhlobo olunye okanye kwelinye. Nesenzeko Imigaqo ezintlanu luminescent zezi: chemi-luminescence (japan yokutshintsha imichiza), tribo-luminescence (eziveliswa ukukhuhlana), thermo-luminescence (eziveliswa bubushushu), photo¬luminescence (eziveliswa radiations ezibonakalayo okanye engabonakaliyo zamandla ephakamileyo / elifutshane kwamaza) kunye cathodoluminescence (iziphumo ukusuka excitation na umqadi electron kwigumbi iflaski)
ayenechaphothi
ayenechaphothi linani nomgangatho ukukhanya lubonakala ukusuka kumphezulu ilitye. La magama alandelayo asetyenziswe ukuchaza khanuki gemstone: ebuntsimbi: inkazimlo eliphezulu oboniswe izimbiwa ebuntsimbi mfiliba. adamantine: umphezulu reflectivity eliphezulu. vitreous: inkazimlo iglasi-ngathi awayedla isininzi ubuncwane. emnandi: inkazimlo obabuthandwa nentlaka (ezithambileyo kunye RI libya). anencindi: phantse Matte umphezulu (ngamanye amaxesha kuthiwa kutyetyiswa). kutyetyiswa: olunamafutha kancinane ekhangela ngenxa ukusasazeka zokukhanya umphezulu microscopically rough. ubaxo: zisakhazimla ngaperile / iperile unina-of-. silky: inkazimlo uboya isilika
Mabe (nesiphucukileyo) neeperile
neeperile zeeblista nesiphucukileyo edityanisiweyo apho kwinucleus original lisusiwe kwaza endaweni amaso amancinane samente, kwaye isiqwenga amajukujuku abusazinge lweenkobe ye-iperile qhiwu noseko lwalo, ukuba zizobandakanya indawo ningaswele nacre
iziqina
etyhidiweyo (ulwelo) iliwa
oluthambileyo
iindlela oluthambileyo ukuba esikwaziyo lithe landiswa okanye iphenjelelwa ukumbetha ngehamile okanye xi labaqengqeleki
Man-ezenziwe
imveliso eyenziwe ngumntu Ngokwengcaciso yenye ethe zadityaniswa elebhu. (Ukuba nokulungelelanisa na ukuba kunye okanye ukudibanisa izinto opheleleyo leqela). Isiphetho inokuba gemstone eyenziwayo (oko kukuthi, umntu lowo abe ngumphelelisi zendalo) okanye gemstone eyenziweyo (oko kukuthi, umntu ukuba akukho umlingani zendalo)
Kuku
elide kusetyenziswa ukuchaza izinto leyo anazo isakhiwo article internai kukho njengekristale, kodwa alubonisi ifomu yangaphandle zejometri. Oku kubunjwa iiyunithi yikristale nye (umzekelo, wesuka Quartz) okanye ngaphezulu (umzekelo, jadeite)
Mettalic
ukubona inkazimlo
Metamict
igama ezisetyenziselwa izinto ethe wahlaselwa ikhefu-phantsi crystalline ukuya urhulumente ngokuyinxenye amorphous; eqhelekileyo kwizimbiwa equlathe radioactive materials (umzekelo, uhlobo libya Zircon)
ilitye
(ilitye ngokoqobo, watshintsha ekwimo) namawa ayilwa kwamatye pre-ezikhoyo ikakhulu yi sisenzo soxinzelelo, ubushushu kunye / okanye nokwaziswa imichiza olutsha
eqatywe Metric (oka)
enye eqatywe metric = esinye isihlanu gram (0.20gr) okanye 200 milligrams (mg). A eqatywe metric na njengeyunithi ngokobunzima anqabileyo cwci, neeperile nesiphucukileyo. Obu bunzima wavakalisa ukuba iindawo ezimbini lesishumi kwaye ngenani badla iguqulelwe ngokuba 'amanqaku', oko kukuthi, 1 eqatywe metric = amanqaku 100
imakroskopu
isixhobo enombala eyenziwa indibanisela eneeglasi uvelisa umfanekiso amhlonela ngayo into. Eminye imisebenzi ebalulekileyo ngakumbi magnification: yokufunda ukubandakanywa (ezendalo vs. ngumntu; indlela ukuyilwa / akhazimlayo nokukhula); yoviwo komhlaba (umgangatho aqingqiweyo (macala), IsiPolish (iimeko iinkalo, firemarks); ukubonwa amatye ezijongeneyo; ukuchongwa unyango eyenziweyo; ukubona ukuba sesichengeni umonakalo (umzekelo, ubukho eyaphukileyo kunye / okanye cleavage); ukubona kabini (SR vs .S, nam kubonisa isixa birefringence)
Mineral
ngezimbiwa na ioli yokwemvelo ezingaphiliyo ukuba sisincoko imichiza kunye neepropati ezibonakalayo leyo rhoqo phakathi kwemida elimxinwa. Ukwakhiwa kwayo Kudla ezikrelekrele
ukukhanya Monochromatic
ukukhanya monochromatic na ukukhanya neembono enye kuphela. Ukukhanya umgangatho yellow monochromatic kusetyenziswa imilinganiselo Refractometer lithatyathwe isibane sodium umphunga. Oku ngenene iquka imigca emibini ngokusondeleyo kakhulu bebekwe amadlozi, ixabiso ogama kuthetha na 589.3nm
inclusions Multiphase
inclusions ezinokuba ulwelo kunye negesi kunye / okanye crystals
Nacre
indawo secretion eveliswe ingubo enkulu kwezinye izilwanyana neyenza esicwangciswe iridescent bobabini perile kunye umphezulu nonina-of-iperile ngaphakathi iqokobhe lemollusk. Nacre ibandakanya carbonate ezikrelekrele zekalika kunye nezinto eziphilayo ekuthiwa conchiolin
Namometers (NM)
iyunithi yokulinganisa ngenxa wavelengths elifutshane malumga yezixhobo (zamandla). 1 nanometer = 1 millioneth yinxalenye eemilimitha (1 / 1,000,000 NM) umzekelo, ukukhanya ebonakalayo uwela phakathi 700nm (ebomvu) kwaye 400nm (bubomvu)
cut Native
elide zisetyenziselwa isimbo Ukusebznisa abakhethelwe ubuninzi ukugcinwa ubunzima. Ezi ngamatye aqingqiweyo elingqokolayo paviliyoni ezinkulu rhoqo kufuna
recutting ukuba bafikelele ibathwana ngcono
yikristale elibi
cavities ngaphakathi gem ukuba imilo crystalline. Ezi nemingxuma zadalwa xa kwiindawo ezithile ukukhula ngokukhawuleza ngaphezu kwezinye iindawo, yenza uze ufake void okanye apho yikristale ukubandakanywa original uchithiwe phandle (liquid negative esoloko ikhaphukhaphu umkhosi phantsi darkfield ukhanyiso)
ukubandakanywa elibi
okufakwe ngokuwanyusa gesi okanye engamanzi zizaliswe okanye iqulathe ukubandakanywa encinane esiqinileyo (bona yikristale kwakhona negative)
ukufunda elibi
ukuba ilitye phantsi uvavanyo phezu refractometer ithe R.1 ngaphezu uluhlu kwisixhobo, akukho ngohlangothi isithunzi bubonakele (ngaphandle kwalowo ulwelo zoqhagamshelwano)
Non-ezikrelekrele
iiminerali kunye nezinye izinto kuthiwa engenalucalu-crystalline okanye amorphous (ngokoqobo, ngaphandle form) xa Jack zilungelelene isakhiwo internai elichazwayo kunye nenkangeleko sangaphandle geometrically rhoqo (umzekelo, le michiza nezimbiwa, yihakinto kunye iglasi, kwakunye nezinto eziphilayo)
ukukhanya Non-ezimhlophe
ukukhanya non-mhlophe (oko kukuthi, nezabeBala) luchazwa ngokwemiqathango hue yayo (oko kukuthi, umbala ngamaza yayo pre-lubalaseleyo), bantu (ubunzulu okanye amandla umbala lubalaseleyo) kunye nethoni (umthunzi-ukukhanya ukuba mnyama)
eqhelekileyo
kwi oganikhi engile cwci kukho umlinganiselo kwiinkqubo eziqhelekileyo, ngumgca osengqondweni ezotywe xande (90 kwindawo apho ray wasibetha umphezulu hayi ukusuka kumphezulu ngokwayo
axis bafakele
kwicala le Uphazamiso enye ngaphakathi yikristale ngenye ngokuphindwe refractive yaziwa ngokuba axis optic
uphawu optic
ukubona indalo optic
Optic nani nqanaba
anomhlaba iglasi efakelwe nentonga mfutshane leyo isebenza kokuba zihlalutywe kwelisa ukunceda ukuzimisela iipateni uphazamiseko zisabonakala kukho axis optic eziphathekayo anisotropic
optic indalo
uhlobo optic we ngezimbiwa: izimbiwa yahlulwe (uphawu optic) uniaxial, biaxial kunye isotropic. izimbiwa Uniaxial kwaye biaxial ukuba yahlulwe ngokongezelelweyo ukuba abo ezo optically HIV kunye nabo apho awunayo optically (uphawu optic)
uphawu optic
ukubona indalo optic
mninzi Optical
mninzi enombala na ipropati entsonkothileyo leyo demonstates ngokwalo e kuyehla bokukhanya. (Jonga kwakhona Uphazamiso)
iimveliso organic
iimveliso organic abo nezinto eziveliswa umsebenzi eziphilayo
YaseMpuma (ngaperile)
kumphezulu sibengezela iridescent ngaperile gem nonina-of-perile. Oku kubangelwa nokugxuphuleka kukhanya bhanya obhityileyo (iipleyiti obhityileyo umaleko nacreous) kunye umgca ukusuka kungqameko omhle iipleyiti
neeperile Oriental
Ukusetyenziswa kweli gama luvumeleke echaza neeperile zendalo ezifumaneka Iimollusk amanzi Kuyile ФaHTacTичHий ye Gulf. Nangona kunjalo, oku kube ngokwesiko urhwebo jikelele ngakumbi neeperile yendalo eklasini cwci ndifuze njengoko oriental
okugqibela
ekwahlukaneni yi ukophuka okwenzeka ecaleni moya yobuthathaka, kunokuba ecaleni moya enxuseneyo nomkhenkce ubuso, okanye kunokwenzeka
yikristale kobuso, njengoko kwi cleavage (oko eyaziwa ngokuba cleavage bobuxoki)
Pearl ingqolowa
ukhozo pearl elicandelo umgangatho iperile zalishumi 1 ingqolowa = 0.25 eqatywe (1 oka = 4grains)
neeperile
neeperile ezi kwemvelo seentuku ngempazamo kwaye ngaphandle kokusebenzisa nayiphi arhente yoluntu, esembindini emollusk. Aquka kwinto ephilayo (a scleroprotein ogama conchiolin) kwaye ngecalcium carbonate (ngokuqhelekileyo ngokohlobo aragonite) zicwangciswe omaleko concentric, welaphu leyo kakhulu nacreous
Pearly
ukubona inkazimlo
Pegmatites
imabhuli neliwa inzuzo ontlakantlaka kudla equlathe izimbiwa ezinqabileyo, kuquka liquid amakhulu anqabileyo (umzekelo, nekrizolite, chrysoberyl, feldspar, Quartz, spessartite garnet)
semgceni
semgceni na isiphumo ulibaziseko rescence (oko kukuthi, loo nto yinto nje obungephi). Yeyona ukukhutshwa waqhubeka yokukhanya ebonakala emva umthombo kwimitha meleza kuphelile
Photoluminescence
photoluminescence sisigama oludityanelweyo rescence kunye semgceni. Oku isiphumo okuboniswa izinto ezithile ukuvelisa ukukhanya wabonakala kukufunyanwa ezimfutshane ngamaza ngemitha (umzekelo, radiations zikazibuthe kwi zibonakale (blue), uzuba kunye x-reyi yinxalenye malumga)
Pinpoints
amasuntswana amancinane sabufumana inclusions. Xa ezi zinto zikhoyo amanani amakhulu ukuze ingachazwa njengelifu kunye elubala amatye lusenokungalungiseki
nobambe iidipozithi
nobambe iidipozithi luqulathe kumphezulu zoqhaphelo kwezimbiwa ezixabisekileyo womxhuzulane high ezithile (ixesha elide) eziye kwenziwa ngo yemozulu eliweni umzali, kwiimeko ezininzi, emva koko ihanjiswa emithonjeni okanye intshukumo yamaza
Womgca macala
enye yezinto ezifunekayo macala; moya-macala lo moya wentelekelelo o wahlula umzimba ibe ngamaqela amabini ukuze inxalenye ngamnye olubonakaliswe (isipili) umfanekiso kwelinye (oko kukuthi, inxenye nganye ngqo uguqulo asebenzisana ngayo nabanye)
iiplastiki
ligama jikelele inani kwezinto eziphilayo ezenziwe (ngokuqhelekileyo ngePolymer esekelwe resin) nabanako nwe bekayo okanye ukubunjwa ubushushu kunye / okanye uxinzelelo
Dlala imibala
adlala elide umbala ichaza uthotho imibala zayibonayo ukukhanya lubonakala ukusuka bhanyabhanya ezicekethekileyo okanye ukusuka kwisinye isakhiwo Ilibele-injengayo yihakinto anqabileyo. Kokuba lukhutshwe umgca (njengokutyhoboza phezulu ukukhanya emhlophe ngokwemibala zayo icandelo njengokuba ukukhanya edlula emngxunyeni elincinane) apho luhlobo ezizodwa zokuphazamisana sokukhanya
Pleochroism
pleochroism (ngokoqobo, abantu abaninzi ezinemibala) ligama jikelele kusetyenziswa ukuchaza imibala eyahlukileyo lwalatha leyo kunokubonwa ngamatye ezithile ezinemibala owahlukanisa ukukhanya (oko kukuthi, abo ngokuphindwe refracting) ngenxa yabo isakhiwo nomkhenkce sangaphakathi. Oku kuquka dichroism (ezimibala mibini) kunye trichroism (bebala ezintathu)
Polariscope
le polariscope kukho isixhobo ebandakanya iiyunithi ezimbini kwimveliso moya yintiyo ukukhanya amalungiselelo kunye nqanaba ejikelezayo phakathi kwabo. Iimvavanyo isixhobo kuphela ukuba okanye hayi mbandela zibangele okanye ithintelwa refractive
abasabela Polariscope
imingxunya refractive-izinto uhlala mnyama lonke 360 ° naye. Ukuba umbandela liphantsi koxinzelelo internai ukuze ukubonisa anomalous (lobuxoki) Uphazamiso kabini (ADR), ngokuqhelekileyo ngokohlobo bands esimfaneleko okanye amabala ezitenxileyo. Double refractive-amatye liqhephuka yikristale enye abaphathiswe ezine yokukhanya kunye nezikhundla ezine ezimnyama. nganisa ezikrelekrele okanye izinto DR kakhulu zibandakanywe kubonakale ukukhanya cwci lonke 360 ° naye. nani-in Ungenelelo kwimeko yeencwadi nezibonelelo DR, ukuba iimeko tye kunye nani uphazamiseko kuphawuliwe, kunokwenzeka kwakhona ukuqinisekisa ukuba ilitye uniaxial okanye biaxial. (Uphawu-kanye optic wafumana inani uphazamiseko, ke ngoko ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukuba ngaba ilitye unayo okanye awunayo ngoncedo
iipleyiti isincedisi zinikwa ngokukodwa loo njongo)
Polycrystalline
iiminerali leyo yesixa zeekristali ezincinane sathiwa polycrystalline. Ezi liquid ezincinane kunokubonwa usebenzisa magnification, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha neliso kuphela (umzekelo, phantse jadeite cwci jade)
twins Polysynthetic
ukubona amawele lammelar
Potch (yihakinto efanayo)
izinto milky ningaswele lokudlala ibala, emalungu amanqanaba dust sobungakanani yokungalingani ngaloo ibangela ukukhanya ukuba saa kunokuba diffracted
inclusions Protogenetic
inclusions pre-ezikhoyo:. abo ababekho phambi umkhosi yikristale waqalisa lokubumba aginywa 'ukulungele wenza' ukuya yokugqibela (umzekelo, amasuntswana eqinileyo kunye liquid ezincinane Ajongeka ukuba esemthe nasezingubeni lonke yaye kunqabile zihlobene kwi nginginya yikristale ngayo ulwakhiwo
Pseudomorph
indawo pseudomorph (ifom ubuxoki) yiminerali nothabatha ifomu (imilo) ngomnye izimbiwa (okanye into ephilayo) ngenxa yobushushu kunye / okanye uxinzelelo okanye kwemichiza, umzekelo, amehlo ingwe ngayo (Quartz nokutshintshwa crocidolite, kukho izimbiwa asbestos); iinkuni neagati (a Quartz replacement iinkuni)
ingcingane
Oko ubuyiselo ngumntu umphezulu (nokuba internai okanye nangaphandle) ezinye ukukhanya leyo bawa phezu komhlaba. Bona Laws Snell ngayo
Uphazamiso
Uphazamiso na utshintsho icala apho ukukhanya uhamba xa udlula ukusuka eendaba enye ukuya kwenye mninzi enombala owahlukileyo (ngaphandle xa Ngokubetha komhlaba oqhelekileyo eendaba ezimbini 90 °). Njengokuba ukukhanya udlula ukusuka zanqaba ukuya eliphakathi azike (umzekelo, ukusuka umoya ilitye) oko zityediwe ekuyeni eziqhelekileyo, ngokuphikisayo njengoko udlula ukusuka azike ukuya eliphakathi zanqaba oko igobele kude eqhelekileyo. mninzi Optical na ipropati entsonkothileyo leyo ebonakalisa ukuba ngokwalo e kuyehla bokukhanya. Bona Laws Snell ngayo
index Refractive (RI)
le RI kukho ratio elula ngokuthelekisa isantya ukukhanya umoya isantya ukukhanya eliphakathi elinikiweyo. Umgangatho kusetyenziswa umlinganiselo index refractive na umoya (ngokungqongqo iflaski); utsho RI yomoya luthathwa 1.00
Metamorphic Regional
le recrystallization okubhalwe bezimbiwa zeengxondorha pre-akhoyo ukunyuka kwamazinga obushushu (700 ° -2000 ° C) phantsi koxinzelelo
mninzi Relative
Khangela womxhuzulane ezithile (SG)
wavelengths elishiyekileyo
wavelengths oshiyekileyo abo wavelengths kwelifunekayo umbandela ezidibanisa ukuba asinike umbala perc-eived yento
emnandi
jonga inkazimlo
iliwa
Iliwa ibandakanya amasuntswana yezimbiwa ezithe ikhule okanye ngesamente ngokuthi inkqubo yemichiza okanye luqiniswe kunye lilanga okanye uxinzelelo
Indlela epholileyo
ibhekisa umgangatho okanye ubunzulu umbala zayibonayo sithi brilliancy samatye esinamacala ngaphaya
Schiller
bona sibengezela
Scintillation
ibengezela; ukuphana kucinywa, ukukhanya ezimfutshane eliqaqambileyo ukukhanya
Sectile
sectile ibhekisa izinto ulwenzeko kokuba abezichubile yi imela egudileyo aqingqiweyo
ludaka
abo basekwa kubanceda eziphathekayo (neetyuwa) oluvela yokuwa ngokwasemzimbeni imichiza kwamatye pre-akhoyo kumphezulu womhlaba
neeperile Seed
neeperile ezincinane kakhulu (ngaphantsi v. ingqolowa / nama. 2mm) ukuba ngokwendalo kwasekwa kwithishu ezithambileyo lemollusk ngenxa ekuhlaselweni njengentlabathi, amaqanda ezidadayo ivideo, gazi okanye namanye amaqumrhu amazwe. neeperile imbewu zikholisa irregular kwaye iflethi, kodwa xa zifumaneka abo ngeenxa zonke ezinqabileyo, ngamaqashiso ngenxa ukusetyenziswa iimpahla. Bona kwakhona neeperile Keshi
nokufunxwa kukhetha
nokufunxwa yokukhetha lokukhanya ngokucinezela okanye nokufunxwa wavelengths ezithile e ku pa ekukhanyeni ngokusebenzisa into okanye iboniswe off umphezulu waso. Umbala iziphumo zokufunda ukususela eseleyo (intsalela) wavelengths ezirhec iliso
Taylor (okanye Schiller)
sibengezela yi ubukhazikhazi okanye uqukuqelo (saa) ukusebenza nelokucinga okubangelwa ukukhanya ukuba kubonakala ukusuka inclusions okanye iimpawu ukwakhiwa lilitye. Igama elithi iquka chatoyancy, asterism, adularescence, aventurescence, opalescence, iridescence (labrodrescence nomdlalo imibala in yihakinto)
Isilika (ufakwe)
uthotho kweenaliti ngaxeshanye (rutile rhoqo)
refractive enye
nezaziwa isotropic. izimbiwa leyo ukubonisa iimpawu ezifanayo woqondo kumacala cwci (umzekelo, amatye kwinkqubo cubic kunye nezinto amorphous)
Laws Snell ngayo Uphazamiso
xa ray ukukhanya udlula komnye eliphakathi ukuya kwenye kukho ratio article phakathi sine ye engile izehlo kwaye i sine ye engile Uphazamiso. I-ray siganeko, ray refracted kwaye eqhelekileyo (kwindawo izehlo) zezona cwci kwi moya mnye. Umlinganiselo rhoqo phakathi engile izehlo kunye Uphazamiso nayiphi eendaba amabini zoqhagamshelwano enombala wabizwa Snell isalathisi refractive (RI)
neeperile South Sea
neeperile nesiphucukileyo ngxilimbela, kwizixeko isilivere-ixela iimbatyisi iperile kunye sangqa 12 okanye 16mm. Ezi neeperile emhlophe enkulu kwamenza igama South Sea kuba ekuqaleni eveliswe yaseJapan in Microne-sia kunye Indonesia. Namhlanje ezi neeperile zisoloko ngaphezulu ziveliswa Australia Burma, kunye Indonesia, kwiPhilippines, Papua New Guinea Thailand njengoko imithombo ebalulekileyo kangako. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku akukho kuye ingqokelela elibe nempumelelo ayitshicele ye ngembaza iperile isilivere-ixela, nto leyo ithetha ukuba nangoncedo iimbatyisi unina sinqongophele kwaye amaxabiso ngokufanelekileyo aphezulu
womxhuzulane ezithile (SG)
le SG okanye isalamane mninzi zelaphu lulwahlulo phakathi ubunzima zeyeza kunye ubunzima kukho umthamo elilinganayo wamanzi ecocekileyo 4 ° C (mninzi ubuninzi kwamanzi) kunye noxinzelelo olusemgangathweni emoyeni. SG ihlobene imichiza ukwakhiwa loo mbandela kwakunye nimanyane inter-atom (Eneneni, oku kuchatshazelwa kuphela ubunzima elichazwayo wecandelo izinto ezahlukeneyo, kodwa kwakhona indlela apho atom zibekwe ndawonye)
Spectroscope
isixhobo esithi sohlule kwavela ukukhanya zibe wavelengths alo okanye imibala spectrum ngokusebenzisa bemilo okanye umgca lwaso. Lo spectroscope sikuvumela ukuba ubone zigaba ezithile (imigca okanye bands) okanye imimandla (nokufunxwa ngokubanzi) bokukhanya ezimhlophe anokufunxwa gemstone ngokuthi kwaphelisa okanye Esasaza wavelengths lentsalela ethe wadluliselwa okanye kubonakala ukusuka ilitye phantsi uvavanyo (hayi Ail matye abonisa spectrum hayi cwci spectrums ezibonwayo iingxaki kodwa nokufunxwa bands kusenokubonisa arhente imibala okanye ubukho izinto ezithile)
Splintery
ndibone ukwaphuka
Symmetry
macala ibhekisa rhoqo okanye intsalela imilo gem kwi kokubini ubuso-isikhundla kunye neprofayle
inclusions Syngenetic
inclusions wayephila ebandakanya izinto ezithe zanikezelwa ngexesha elinye umkhosi crystai (umzekelo, izinto eziqinileyo izimbiwa; ulwelo kwi nemingxuma neentanda ephilisa; bands lommandla; inclusions ulwelo;. imizila zokukhula ezifana nombala yocando kunye nokusekwa amawele Kukho rhoqo kukho wayalela intergrowth phakathi inclusions syngenetic esilundwendwe yikristale ukuze ezimbini ukuze athwale ulwalamano lwesakhiwo ilawulwa yimithetho crystallographic
akude eyenziwayo
imveliso eyenziweyo na imichiza ukwakhiwa mnye, isakhiwo elichazwayo kunye neempawu zomzimba unguwabo yayo yendalo (umzekelo, iemeraldi eyenziwayo, Corundum eyenziwayo, njalo njalo)
ubenokuqina
ubenokuqina okanye Ukomelela na uxhathiso lilitye yokuphelisa okanye nefracturing. Kubhaliwe enxulumene izimbiwa ukukwazi ukufunxa izitha ngaphandle ukuphazamiseka isakhiwo internai. Ngokwemiqathango wadibana kule nkalo zibandakanya nkum sectile, ibhetyebhetye, luyaguquguquka kwaye elastic
bhanya Thin
zijongwa phantsi ukukhanya eboniswe ezi bhanya ezingcakacileyo kuba imbonakalo iridescent awayedla umaleko obhityileyo kweoli kwamanzi okanye kumphezulu embejembeje we bubble isepha
isigaba ezintathu ukubandakanywa
umngxuma wamanzi-ezaliswe equlethe kwiqamza kunye njengekristale
ilizwi
ithoni ibhekisa yesandi isizalwane okanye ubumnyama waqonda (nokuba lubhelu okanye emhlophe abamnyama)
Iyonke nelokucinga yangaphakathi
ukucingisisa yangaphakathi iyonke kwenzeka apho, ray agqitha ukukhanya ukusuka azike ukuya eliphakathi mpawu kwi-engile ngaphezu angle emandundu wabuyela eliphakathi azike apho uwugcinayo imithetho bokubonisa
ubulushica
ukubona ubenokuqina
izinto Transition
igama lisetyenziswa neempawu ezithile ebuntsimbi leyo ngenxa isakhiwo yabo ngokweathom, legalelo ukufakwa angakholelwa ukukhanya ngamatye idiochromatic kunye allochromatic. Bona ikhrom, icobalt, ubhedu, nevanadium, manganese, intsimbi, nickel kunye titanium
hambisa
Kwathi (umzekelo, ukukhanya) ukusuka kwenye eliphakathi ukuya kwelinye; ukuba ikhuphe (umzekelo, umqondiso) okanye thumela (e..g., ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya kwenye)
elubala
inkululeko ngayo ukukhanya kudlule okanye dlu ilitye. Zidanga ezahlukeneyo elubala inikwa: ngaphaya (TP) -oko into ecacileyo ibonisa kwaye ibizela umthamo omncinane ukukhanya leyo sazo phezu kwayo, kodwa ukwavumela inkoliso ukuba adlule. Into zijongwe ilitye kubonakala ecacileyo kunye neya-. Sub-ngaphaya (S-TP) -oko umba ukukhanya dlu ilitye, kodwa umphandle into kwelinye icala ilitye ayikwazi zizakubalulwa. Sub-engangenisi (S-TL) efundwayo kuphela isixa esincinci kakhulu ukukhanya kudlula gem emiphethweni ezibhityileyo. Dlula Kuluhlu (0) -ail kokukhanya ewa into mfiliba kusenokuqhutywa iboniswe okanye efunda. Akukho ukukhanya idlula umbandela, nokuba ezinemiphetho ezibhityileyo.
ngokwekhompyutha ukubandakanywa
idumbe-ngumtshangatshangiso okanye roiled isiphumo-wisps ujikelezise kombala
Twin akhazimlayo
njengekristale amawele na njengekristale elakhiwe ziziqingatha ezibini yikristale enye okanye liquid ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu iintlobo mnye abe nolwalamano ngqo crystallographic omnye komnye ndizityebisile kunye ngendlela ulingano (jonga amawele zoqhagamshelwano namawele interpenetrant)
isigaba Two ukubandakanywa
umngxuma wamanzi-ezaliswe equlethe kwiqamza okanye njengekristale
Yeultraviolet (UV)
zemitha kuthetha ngaphaya ngemisonto. Le uluhlu imitha iqala wavelengths ukuba ezimfutshane ngaphezu 400nm lokukhanya ngemisonto
amatye Uniaxial
kwi ezinamacala, iinkqubo yikristale trigonal kwaye tetragonal kukho optic enye axis (ulwalathiso Uphazamiso enye): izimbiwa ngoweqela ezi nkqubo baziwa uniaxial (ngamatye uniaxial esqwini optic ome nkqo inqununu 'c' esiqwini)
cell Unit
iyunithi yeseli lwesakhiwo yikristale leyo inxalenye incinane njengekristale leyo nangoku ke enayo kwiipropati uphawu yikristale ebizwa iseli unit. Ngendlela apho iiseli unit zifunjwe ngemvelo unina umisa imbonakalo yangaphandle yikristale
ukubandakanywa Veil
ukubona iintsiba ukubandakanywa
ukukhanya ebonakalayo
bokukhanya luhlobo zamandla leyo ekuchithekeni sikwazi ukubona. Nayiphi ngamaza imitha zikazibuthe ukuba malunga phakathi 400nm kwaye 700nm iyabonakala ukuba iliso lwabantu njengokuba ukukhanya
Vitreous
ukubona inkazimlo
ngamaza
indawo ngamaza uchazwa umgama phakathi iincopho ezimbini ezilandelelanayo ukuba yomtshangatshangiso
anencindi
ukubona inkazimlo
ukukhanya White
mhlophe (ukukhanya mixed) ubunjwe Yenza umxube nama ngokulinganayo yonke imibala okanye wavelengths ezenza ebonakalayo (bomvu, orenji, omthubi, oluhlaza, nemisonto emsi). Umbala ukukhanya iyahluka kunye sixhomekeke ngamaza. amaza Red kuba wavelengths elide (700 + NM) yaye oku lupholile ngokusebenzisa macala ngemisonto wavelengths, a ne imfutshane (400nm-malunga 1 / 4 ubude umtha ezibomvu)
ifestile
ekhanyayo ye ukuqhutywa umbala okubangelwa ukuvuza ukukhanya esivumela imvelaphi emva litye libonakalayo (funda-zibonakale)
Zircon Halo
ukubona ukubandakanywa Halo
striae lommandla
ubone umbala bands


text:
I-ITIL v3 I-RCV ephakathi-Ukukhutshwa, ukuLawula nokuQinisekiswa koQeqesho noQeqesho
inkcazelo
Abaphulaphuli kunye neemfuno ezifunekayo
Inkcazo yeNkcazo
IShedyuli kunye neMali
iziQinisekiso
I-ITIL v3 I-RCV yoQeqesho oluPhakathi
Isiqinisekiso se-ITIL® 2011 esiPhakathi: Isiqinisekiso sokuKhutshwa, ukuLawula kunye nokuVunywa (RCV) isiqinisekiso samahhala, kodwa sinxalenye ITIL® ephakathi Ukusasazwa koKwazi, kunye neye modyuli ezikhokelela kwisiqinisekiso se-ITIL® kwi-IT Service Management. Isitifiketi se-ITIL® ekuKhululweni, ukuLawula kunye nokuVunywa kuhloswe ukwenzela ukuba abanini beesatifikethi benze izicelo ngexesha loLawulo lweeNkonzo zeeMpilo kwaye ngokukodwa kule nkqubo elandelayo ye-ITIL®, indima kunye nemisebenzi yomsebenzi: Ulawulo loTshintsho, iAset Asset kunye noCwangciso UkuPhathwa, ukuVunywa kweNkonzo kunye noVavanyo, ukuKhululwa nokuLawula ukuPhathwa, ukuPhunywa koKwenziwa, ukuTshintshwa koVavanyo, kunye ULwazi loLawulo.
Abaphulaphuli abafunyenweyo be-ITIL v3 Isiqinisekiso seRCV esiphakathi
Ukukhishwa, ukuLawula kunye nokuqinisekiswa kwemfundo kuya kufanela abaviwa kwizifundo ezilandelayo ze-IT okanye indawo:
- Umphathi weZakhono
- UMphathi woLwazi
- Mlawuli we Shintsha
- Umlawuli woKhuseleko
- I zicelo zoNkxaso
- Umphathi we-IT
- Ulawulo lweNethwekhi kunye nokuSebenza
- Inkxaso Yenethiwekhi
- Umphathi wokuPhatha
- UMphathi woKhuseleko
- Umphathi wePortfolio
- UMphathi woBudlelwane boMthengisi.
Inkcazo yeNkcazo
- Ukubaluleka koLawulo lweNkonzo njengengcamango yokusebenza kunye neNguqulelo yeNkonzo, injongo nenjongo
- Ukubaluleka kokukhutshwa kwe-ITIL®, ukuLawula kunye nokuqinisekiswa ngelixa unikezela ngenkonzo
- Njani zonke iinkqubo kwi-ITIL® RCV zinxibelelana nezinye iinkqubo zeeNkonzo zeMpilo
- Ziziphi iinkqubo, imisebenzi, iindlela kunye nemisebenzi esetyenziswa nganye kwinkqubo ye-ITIL® RCV
- Indlela yokusebenzisa iinkqubo ze-ITIL® RCV, imisebenzi kunye nemisebenzi ukufezekisa ukugqwesa ukusebenza
- Indlela yokulinganisa i-ITIL® RCV
- Ukubaluleka kokukhuseleko kwe-IT kunye negalelo layo kwiRCV
- I-teknoloji kunye nokuqaliswa kweengcamango ezizungeze i-ITIL® RCV
- UkuPhathwa koTshintsho njengokwazi ukufumana inguqu enkonzweni
- I-RCV njengenjongo yokuqinisekisa ubungqina kunye nomgangatho wenkonzo yenguqu yeeNkonzo zeeNkonzo kunye noLawulo loCwangciso njengendlela yokubeka iliso kwi-Transition Service. Ulawulo lweZakhono njengenxalenye yokuphucula inkxaso yexesha eliqhubekayo yokunika inkxaso kunye nokunikezelwa kweenkonzo
- Ukuzaliswa koFundo nokuTshintshwa koVavanyo ukuqinisekisa ukufikelela kwenqanaba lomsebenzi wenkonzo
- Inkqubo yeRCV indima noxanduva
- IThekhnoloji kunye nokusetyenziswa kweengcamango
- Iingxaki, iimpumelelo eziphambili kunye neengozi ezinxulumene ne-ITIL® RCV
Uqeqesho oluzayo
ITIL Intermediate Service Design (SD XCHARX 27th October 2018)
Innovative Technology Solutions is conducting 1 day Training on ITIL Intermediate Service Design on 27th October 2018.
Nceda ubhalele kuthi info@itstechschool.com Qhagamshelana nathi kwi-91-9870480053 kwixabiso lekhosi kunye neendleko zokuqinisekisa, ishedyuli kunye nendawo
- Inani lemibuzo: Imibuzo ye-8 ngephepha
- ubude bexesha: Imizuzu ye-90 kubo bonke abaviwa kwiilwimi zabo
- Amanqaku okuPasa: Amanqaku e-28 adingekayo ukudlula (ngaphandle kwe-40 ekhoyo) - 70%
- Uhlobo lo vavanyo: Ukhetho oluninzi
Ngolwazi olungakumbi xha ga mshelana nathi.


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Iziphumo zophando luka2013 zaveza ukuba kwiphondo laseMpuma Koloni abahlali bachitha imali engange R8 billion bethenga utywala.
Ngokuqinisekileyo elo nani lonyuka kwaye inokuba lingaphaya kweshumi leebhiliyoni zeerandi ngoku. Zona izikroxo zasekuhlaleni okanye iiTavern ezisemthethweni zimalunga namawaka amahlanu.
Eli nani alizibali ezi zingekho semthethweni. Linani elikhulu eli. Ingathi iinjongo zethu kukubulalana ngotywala.
Xeshikweni kusungulwa inkqubo yentsebenziswano phakathi kweBhodi yoLawulo loTywala eMpuma Koloni kunye nombutho wokufundisa ngotywala (Aware.Org), sibone izithethi eziquka uOscar Mabuyane, Khanyile Maneli noIngrid Louw wakwaAware bethetha ngokukhuthaza abantu ukuba bangaseli utywala ngokugqithisileyo.
Bakwagxile nakumba wokuba abantwana akumelanga bathengiselwe utywala, abafazi abakhulelweyo nabo akumelanga bathengiselwe, njalo njalo. Bekukwakho noosomashishini abathengisa utywala ke kule ndibano kwaye bona bebembombozela ngelithi “aniyazi ukuba kunzima kangakanani ukulawula oko!”
Ukanti iqumrhu lotywala laseMpuma Koloni lilibeke latsolo elokuba ayizozikroxo zodwa ezinegalelo kumkhuba wokusela kakhulu kweli laseMzantsi Afrika.
Ngelabo ingxaki iqala pha kwiivenkile ezinkulu nakubadidiyeli botywala abangathathi xanduva lokufundisa abantu ngobungozi botywala kwanokuqokelela amakhoba abo. Siyayiva yonke le nto.
Kodwa ukuba sithi sinengxaki yotywala kweli phondo; ukuba iingozi zeemoto nobukrelemnqa zezinye zezinto eziphenjelelwa butywala kufuneka sibungqale ngqo, siqale ngokucutha inani leendawo ezithengisa utywala.
Kongezwe nemithetho eqatha kakhulu kuye nabani na obhaqwe ehamba enxilile esitalatweni. Imizi ethengisa utywala mayivale xa litshona ilanga. Konke neevenkile ezi zinkulu.
Nabo abazali kwakufuneka baqinise isandla kwicala lokuqeqesha abantwana. Ngumzali otheni lo owamkela umntwana ongaphantsi kweshumi elinesibhozo ukuba angene enuka utywala emzini wakhe?
Okokugqibela kufuneka uphando-sifundo olujonga ukuba “kutheni abantu besela kakhulu?” Sisithukuthezi?