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$93.50 $110.00 Ugcina i15% ($16.50)
Oku kungabonakaliyo Umgca, iingubo zokugcoba zinika i-vibe yelizwe elimnandi. Ukhululekile kakhulu, owenziwe ngekotoni kunye nelinen ngelinen emigqabeni, ngokuqinisekileyo nayiphi na ingubo yokugqoka. Ubude be-Ankle kunye nesandla esingenamikhono ngesiphambano esikhuphayo esinika ukugeleza kwi-skirt. Umgca we-neckop neckline ufezekile ukulungiswa kweetoni ezinobuncwane kunye nenqwelomoya. Ingubo evuthiweyo yokuvuna i-cut spacious cut. Akunjalo nje ngepinki, ibuye ibuhlaza kunye nohlaza.
Material: ILinen kunye neCotton
Uhlobo lohlobo: Patchwork
I-Silhouette: Umgca
Iingubo ezide: Ubude beeAnkle
Lenght: 126cm Bust: 110cm
Ukuhanjiswa kweeHlabathi lonke kwii-oda. Akukho ncinane efunekayo.
Sijongana nabathengi bethu ngeentsuku ze-30 ukubuya okanye i-Warranty Replacement. Iyakwenza ukwazi ukuthenga izinto ngesimo esingenakukhathazeka kwaye ube namava okuthenga ngokumangalisayo kwiBuddhatrends.
Ukubuyisela, ukubuyisela nokubuyisela imali:
Iqela lethu lokuxhasa lihlala likulungele ukuququzelela abathengi. Umele usebenzise iphepha le "Xhumana nathi" nayiphi na imibuzo, kwaye siya kuvuyisa ukukunceda ukuxazulula iingxaki zakho.


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Igramma
i-Gramma ithetha imigaqo ebonisa indlela ekuthethwa nekubhalwa ngayo ulwimi. AmaGrike akudala ayedla ngokuyibiza nge-grammatikē tékhnē, ubuchule boonobumba. Isenokuba nayo nayiphi na intsingiselo kwezi zilandelayo:
- Izifundo ngolwimi: indlela olusebenza ngayo, nayo yonke into ngalo. Olu hlobo lwesifundo kuthiwa yiYintsusa yokuphanda nzulu ngolwimi.
- Ukufunda ngendlela esima ngayo okanye ngenkangeleko yesivakalisi. Ingqokolela yemigaqo kunye nemizekelo ebonisa okokuba ulwimi lumelwe kukusetyenziswa njani na. Le ke yeyona ndlela ifanelwe kukusetyenziswa ngayo igramma, njengoko kubhaliwe kwincwadi yayo okanye kumgaqo wayo osencwadini.
- Inkqubo efundwa ngabantu ngokuya bekhula. Le ke yigrama yabanikazi bolwimi .[1]p446[2]p453
Xa sithetha, sisebenzisa igramma yomnikazi lwimi, okanye sibebusondela kangangoko sinako. Xa sibhala, sizama ukubhala ngegramma echanekileyo. Ngoko ke ukuthetha nokubhala ulwimi inye kuzo inendlela yayo.
Contents
Ilwimi ngeelwimi[tshintsha | edit source]
Zonke iilwimi zine-gramma yazo. Iilwimi zamaYurophu amaninzi zibufana, kodwa ezinye zazo, ezifana nesiTshayina nesiJaphane, zahluke kakhulu kuzo zonke iilwimi zaseYurophu. IsiNgesi senza utshintsho oluncinane kw('isimamva segama'). Ngokweelwimi zesiTaliyane okanye isi'Roma' (njengesiFrentshi, language|Italian, kunye neSpanishi), amagama okugqibela athwele intsingiselo eninzi. KwisiNgesi sinazo ezimbalwa: isininzi kunye nezimnini (ooJohn) zezona zixhaphake kakhulu. Kwizenzi zethu siyazilahla izimamva sishiye sibe sinye: I love, you love, kodwa she love's'. Laa 's' yintsalela ye-Anglo-Saxon, enezimamva. Izenzi zinezimamva ezibonakalisa utshintsho kumaxesha awohlukenyo: walked, walking. Ukulandelelana kwamagama ngomnye umahluko omkhulu. Iilwimi zamaRoma zifaka ii-izichazi emva kwezibizo ezibhekisa kuzo. Umzekelo, kwisiNgesi, umntu angathi I like fast cars, kodwa ngeSpanishi, yiMe gustan los coches rápidos. Ukulandelelana kwamagama kutshintshile: ukuba ngaba ngamagama, ngaphandle kwegramma, aguqulelwe kwisiNgesi, kuyakuthetha ukuthi, 'to me they please the cars fast'. Kungokuba iSpanishi nesiNgesi sinemigaqo eyahlukeneyo ngokulandelelana kwamagama. KwisiJamani, izenzi zisoloko zifikelela kufutshane nesiphelo sezivakalisi (njengakwesi: Die Katze hat die Nahrung gegessen.), kodwa kwisiNgesi sisoloko sisibeka phakathi kwegatya eliyintloko kunye nenjongosenzi, njengakwesi: the cat has eaten the food.
Ukutshintsha kolwimi[tshintsha | edit source]
Igramma ebhaliweyo itshintsha kancinane kodwa yona igramma ethethwayo iyachebeleza okwamanziukutshintsha kwayo. Izivakalisi ezifunyanisea ngabantu abantetho isisiNgesi kule mihla, kungenzeka okokuba zazibonakala zingaqhelekanga kwiminyaka eli-100 eyadlulayo. kwaye isenokungaqheleki, kuba iintetho ezininzi esizithandayo zivela kwinguqulelo equnyazisiweyo kakumkani uKing james wasebhayibhileni, nakuShakesspear.
abanye abantu basebenzisa igramma eyahlukileyo kwabanye abantu xa bethetha. Umzekelo, abantu abasebenzisa into ekuthiwa yi-General American English okanye i-BBC English basenokuthi, I didn't do anything, ngeli lixa umntu othetha ulwimi olubizwa ngokuba yi-African American Vernacular English okanye i-AAVE asenokuthi, I didn't do nothing. Inguqulelo yaseLondon kwinqanaba labasebenzi: I ain't done nuffink! Ezi ke zibizwa ngokuba zii-double negatives, kwaye zifumaneka kulwimi phantse kulo lonke ulwimi oluthethwayo ubukhulu becala, hayi kulwimi olubhaliweyo.
Lo mahluko kuthiwa xa ubizwa zii-dialects. I-dialect esetyenziswa ngumntu isoloko ibayileyo ithethwa apho umntu ahlala khona. Nangona ii-dialects zesiNgesi ibangamagama awohlukileyo okanye alandelelana ngohlobo olwahlukileyo kwamanye, zihamba ngokwemigaqo yegramma. kodwa ke xa kubhalwa ngesiNgesi saseMelika, igramma isebenzisa imigaqo yesiNgesi saseMelika jikelele. Xa abantu bethetha ng'esona siNgesi sisiso', bathetha ngokusebenzisa igramma yesiNgesi saseBritane, njengoko sibhaliwe sacaciswa kakuhle kwimibhalo eshicilelwe ngokwasemthethweni. [3] Imizekelo yesiNgesi esithethwa mihla le eBritane isoloko ibizwa ngokuba yi-received Pronunciation okanye yi-BBC English.
I-Syntax[tshintsha | edit source]
Kwigramma kufundwa ngesyntax nangamalungu olwimi awohlukeneyo. Zonke ke zi kuthiwa ngamagatya entetho". Ayadibana ngokwemigaqo kutsho kwenzeke izivakalisi. Izivakalisi zona ziyadibana zenze imihlathi.
Izigaba zentetho[tshintsha | edit source]
Kwigramma kufundwa ngezibizo, izimelabizo, izenzi, iziphawuli, izihlomelo, prepositions, isihlanganisi, izivakalisi, iintetho, izikhuzo.
Izibizo[tshintsha | edit source]
Izibizo z'izinto' ezifana namagama anjenge'tafile kunye ne'situlo'. zizizinto eziphatheka ngezandla, izinto ozibona imihla ngemihla. Izibizo zezinto ezifana neendawo, amagama abantu, okanye ezinye izinto ezifana neentsuku zeveki. Igama elithi 'James' kuthiwa liyi-proper noun, njengo'lwesithathu' ne-'London'. Izibizo zisenokuba ngamagama ezinto ezingabonwayo ngamehlo okanye singathi izibizo zisenokubhekisa kuvakalelo njengaxa umntu exhwalekile okanye onwabile'.
Izenzi[tshintsha | edit source]
Izenzi zichaza into eyenzekayo kunye nobume. Ukwenzeka kwento : "uJohn wajula ibhola . imeko/ubume: "Ndinexhala". Igama ekwakhelwe kulo isenzi kuthiwa yi-infinitive. I-infinitive ebhekisa kubukho bento ngu-"uku". umzekelo owaziwayo yintetho kaHamlet: ukuba njalo okanye ukungabinjalo, ngumbuzo lowo.
Iziphawuli[tshintsha | edit source]
Iziphawuli zichaza izibizo. Umzekelo, ubuhle k"ubuhle bebhayisikili" buthi ibhayisikili intle. Ngamanye amazwi, "ubuhle" buchaza ibhayisikili. Oku kusenokwenzeka nakwiindawo. Umzekelo, ubude, "sisakhiwo eside esi buchaza isakhiwo.
Imithombo[tshintsha | edit source]
- ↑ McArthur, Tom (ed) 1992. The Oxford companion to the English language. Oxford University Press.
- ↑ Crystal, David 1995. The Cambridge encyclopedia of the English language. Cambridge University Press.
- ↑ Nash, Walter 1986. English usage: a guide to first principles. Routledge & Kegan Paul, London. Contains a list of sources.

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Owayeqeqesha iBafana Bafana, uGordon Igesund, uyakhala ngokwenzakala okutshabalalise ikamva likaSiyabonga Sangweni obeke phantsi ebholeni kwiveki ephelileyo ngenxa yokwenzakala obekumkhathaza kakhulu.
Lo mdlali wanyanzelwa ngoogqirha beOrlando Pirates ukuba anikezele ngenxa yedolo ebelingaphili. U-Igesund osebenze noNsimbi kwiqela lesizwe ngethuba kudlalwa i2013 AFCON uxelele Isolezwe ukuba ukhathazekile yinto eyehlele uSangweni.
“USangweni ebengumdlali okumgangatho ophezulu, ebekungadluli nto kuye emva xa ekhona.
Ebeyinkokeli engadingi ukunxiba ibhanti ukuze kubonakale ukuba ngukapteni. Ndalonwabela ixesha endasebenza naye ngalo. Bekungacaci ukuba ungumdlali wasemva, kuba ebelichule enyaweni.
Nangoku amagowuli awawafaka sidlala neMorocco kwi-Afcon asesengqondweni yam.
Ukonzakala kwakhe kusibulele ngoba siphoswe lithuba lokumbona engomnye wabadlali bomdlalo ophala phambili. Kulilishwa ukufika kwakhe sele ekhulile ngoba ebefanelwe kukudlala phesheya,” utshilo * -Igesund.
Ngo2013 uSangweni wabayinxalenye yeqela lesizwe elafikelela kwimidlalo ephambi kowamagqibela kankqoyi we-Afcon. Ngo-2010, uNsimbi, wayekhona ngethuba uMzantsi Afrika udlalela indebe yehlabathi. Kanti kwiPirates udlale imidlalo yamagqibela kankqoyi yemidlalo yeCaf.
Wayekhona ngo-2013 xa iBucs yayibethwa yiAl Ahl ngo’2-0 eYuphutha. Le ndedeba ibikwakhona xa iPirates ibethwa yi-Etoile du Sahel kumdlalo weCaf Confederation Cup.
“Kuzothatha ixesha elide ukuze simbone umdlali onje- ngaye. Ebengumntu othuleyo, kodwa ethetha ngomsebenzi. Ndiyathemba akazulahleka ebholeni,” utshilo * -Igesund.
USangweni uyeke ukudlala efumene inqwaba yeendebe kwiPirates. Ufumene iindebe zeNedbank ezimbini, i-Absa Premier Soccer League neTelkom Knockout.
Kwiqela lesizwe uSangweni udlale izihlandlo ezingamashumi amabini anethoba, wafaka amagowuli amane.


text:
ulwaphulo-mthetho
Iziphumo zempindezelo
Etshiswe watshintsha xa kwakuhlaselwa ngeasidi phofu kungajoliswe kuye,
uEvelyne Minto Essono noko uyalufumana ukhuthazo ukuze le nkulungwane intsha
agagane nayo ephila ngokutsha Ñ ngenxa yobubele babantu angabazi
kubalisa uBRONWEN JONES
ICAWA YOWE-18 NGO-OKTHOBA uEvelyne Minto Essono yimini angasoze
ayilibale Ñ iluphawu nasebusweni bakhe. Kwakungo-1998 xa wahlaselwa
ngeasidi kwathi kanti bahlasela umntu ebebengamele. Le asidi yaxobula ulusu
entloko, esifubeni nasezingalweni, imshiya ebukeka kakubi. Ngoku uEvelyne
onama-25 wayefudula eyinzwakazi elangazelela ukuba azuze imali ukuze ancede
umnakwabo nabasakwabo bafunde bagqibe aze ngenye imini atshate abe nabantwana.
Ubehlala eLibreville ikomkhulu leGabon embindini weAfrika. Nakuba eqale
ukufunda ene-10 leminyaka noko wakwazi ukuyipasa ibaccalaureat yakwelo
ekuyiMatriki apha eMzantsi Afrika. Ngeeholide nangeempelaveki uEvelyne
ubeyireceptionist kwiAfrica No 1 nekusesona sikhululo sosasazo sihlonitshwayo
kwelo. Uzalwe kusapho olukhulu olonwabileyo nakuba bobabini abazali bakhe
basweleka, abantwana oomakazi noomalume bayabambisana ekuncedisaneni.
Uthe utata kaEvelyne akusweleka waya kuhlala kunye nomakazi wakhe
uHuguette Ndzigue kwifleti enegumbi lokulala elinye ekwihlomela-dolophu
laseSotega, umfundi weaccountancy ne-English eyunivesiti nomdala ngeminyaka nje
emibini kunaye. Le flethi iyenye yeeflethi ezine kwesisezantsi kwesi sakhiwo.
Inegumbi lokuhlala, igumbi lokulala, ikhitshi kunye nendawo yokuhlamba.
Kwelinye icala elinabamelwane bakhe ngamadoda kuphela aminyaka ekuma-40.
Kwelinye icala linenekazi elinama-20 eminyaka kunye nomsakwalo okwishumi
leminyaka elivisayo. Kufutshane nabo linenekazi elihlala lodwa elinguRosette.
UEvelyne ubebabulisa abamelwane bakhe kodwa engabazi kuba usoloko
exakekile ephangela, efunda, esiya enkonzweni ekwatyelela nosapho lwakhe.
Ubenesinqanda mathe sakhe kodwa engaziphathi okukamakazi wakhe uHuguette.
UHuguette ebethandana ithuba elide nendoda etshatileyo uLouis-Martin Ñ
kukuziphatha kakubi kwale ndoda okwabangela iziva ebomini bukaEvelyne.
Ngaloo mini yelishwa echazwe ekuqaleni kwenqaku uEvelyne wemka kowabo
ngeye-9 kusasa esiya ecaweni. UHuguette akazange aye, uthe udiniwe. Ithe
yakuphuma icawa uEvelyne watyelela obeluncedo kuye uSamuel Obame Zogho nentombi
yakhe ngelantshi. Emva koko waphangela waya kwisikhululo sosasazo ngeye-3 emva
kwemini waza wafika kowabo ephuma emsebenzini malunga neye-8:30 ngokuhlwa. Apha
ngaphandle kule flethi kwakumnyama negama lesitalato lingabhalwanga, ukanti
sincinci. Xa usiya kule flethi zimbini iindlela onokuzisebenzisa. UEvelyne
wahamba engenaxhala kanti ke neSotega ayinabungozi.
UHuguette wayengekho, uEvelyne watya isopholo, wakhulula iimpahla
ebephangele ngazo. Ubediniwe nanjengoko ubusuku kuloo mmandla wenjiko-langa
buthanda ukuba shushu wayokulala enxibe nje impahla yakhe yangaphantsi kuphela.
UEvelyne wakhawuleza walala kodwa ethubeni wavuswa kukuva kunkqonkqozwa,
wabhinqa nje itawuli, wabuza esithi, ÒNgubani lowo?Ó Bekumalunga
neye-10 ngokuhlwa. Uve ilizwi likaLouis-Martin Wora Ñ isinqanda-mathe
sikaHuguette abethandana naso kwiminyaka emine okanye emihlanu.
Eneminyaka ema-40 ebengumphathi kwisebe locwangciso lukarhulumente.
Inkosikazi yakhe nabantwana babo babehlala kwihlomela dolophu ekuthiwa yiGlass.
UEvelyne ubemazi kakuhle uLouis-Martin kube ebethandana noHuguette kodwa
ubengazi ukuba inkosikazi yakhe iyazi okuqhubekayo. Nakuba uEvelyne engazange
ayigxeke le ndlela baziphethe ngayo wayengakholelwa kwelokuba bekufuneka
athethe ngayo.
Eqonga ilizwi lakhe, uvule ucango kwangena uLouis-Matin. Ubephelekwa
ngumhlobo wakhe naye oyindoda nangazange wambona ngaphambili kunye nomnakwabo.
Babemphathele iibhanana uHuguette. UEvelyne ubuzile ukuba uLouis-Martin
angathanda ukulinda de abuye kusini na umakazi wakhe, kodwa lo mfo uphendule
wathi akanako uza kubuya ngengomso. UEvelyne ubuyele ezingubeni.
Apha kufutshane kukho nezinye iiflethi nazo ziziindidi ezine. Kulula
ukubona umnyango ongaphambili wakuloEvelyne xa uhleli kuzo. Nenekazi lithile
eliminyaka ekuma-20 nelinguHermine lihlala kwenye iflrthi nesinqanda-mathe
salo, likrobile ngaphandle labona inenekazi elithwele iqhiya linika inkwenkwana
ikhonteyina yeplastiki.
Ngelo xesha akazange acinge nto kodwa iintsuku kamva uHermine nomnye
ummelwane uMeme bayibona le khonteyina kwiflethi ahlala kuyo uEvelyne. Babona
uHuguette elahla le khonteyina netawuli ekrazukileyo. Imizuzu emihlanu
sehambile uLouis-Martin namaqabane akhe kwankqonkqozwa kwakhona apho ahlala
khona uEvelyne. Yena wacinga fanÕ ukuba nguLouis-Martin Ñ
mhlawumbi kumelÕ ukuba kukho nto ayilibeleyo. Wavula nje ucango
engabuzanga ukuba ngubani. Kwakungasekho thuba lakuvala umnyango ukuzikhusela
kuba inkwenkwana yayiphosa kuye le khonteyina yeplastiki enokubumanzi. Le
nkwenkana inxibe umnqwazi obukhanya enomphetho ophendulweyo. YayingangoEvelyne
inde kangange-1,54 mitha, mhlawumbi ingaphezulwana nje kancinci kunaye.
Le asidi yamtshiza ebusweni, esifubeni nasezingalweni. Amathontsi ayo
athontsiza emqolo nasemilenzeni. Zisuka nje waqaqanjelwa, wagodola kakhulu.
UEvelyne akazange adibane nale nkwenkwana ngaphambili ukanti akazange aphinde
ayibone. Akayazi, kunokwenzeka nayo yatshizwa yile asidi.
Yabaleka le nkwenkwana noEvelyne wakhala ecelÕ uncedo. Waya
kwenye iflethi efuna uncedo kodwa omnye umfo owaphendula wakroba nje
waluvalÕ ucango. UEvelyne uthi kunokwenzeka yathuka kuba wayehamba
z, okanye isiva ivumba lesikhumba elalinuka. Wankqonkqoza kwiminyanga
ngeminyango kodwa kunani ukuba ancedwe. Waqhubeka ekhala efuna uncedo.
Ngelingeni nenekazi lithile ekuthiwa nguNadege leza lisuka kwisitrato
esingekude kangako. Lamgalela amanzi uEvelyne kodwa loo asidi yayisele
imenzakalisile. Labiza iteksi ibalekisele uEvelyne eCentral Hospital. UHuguette
wafika wahamba nabo ngeteksi. UEvelyne walala esibhedlele ukusuka ngoOkthoba de
kwangoFebruwari kunyaka olandelayo. Ndidibene naye apho.
EMzantsi Afrika ndichithe ixesha lam elininzi ndizama ukuthintela
iingozi zokutsha okanye ndinceda amaxhoba okutsha kodwa nakuba ndiye eGabon
ndiyokubhala ngemithi ndikhe ndanexesha lokuphola, ndibuze abantu balapho
ngabantwana abatshileyo. Ukuncokola nonoteksi osuka kwelinye ilizwe kwandisa
kuCoulibaly Soungalo, ityendyana elingunogada nelikhe lafundela ukuba
ligqwetha. Ukhawuleze waqonda ukunxanelwa kwam inkcazelo waza wazimisela
ukundinceda njengetoliki.
Zonke izibhedlele zikarhulumente zaziqhankqalazile iinyanga ezine kodwa
abantu bandixelela ngenenekazi elithile elitshe phambi kokuba kuqale
uqhankqalazo nelalisesibhedlele. UEvelyne ndiqale ukumbona apho.
Ulele apho kwisibhedlele esingenabasebenzi, egcuma ziintlungu namanxeba
akhe engabotshwanga ngamabande. Igumbi lingcolile noEvelyne kufuneka eze
namashiti neengubo zakhe ukuze ahlale apho. Ndakhangela eli nenekazi litshe
kakubi linama-24 eminyaka nendandingazi ukuba lakhe layinzwakazi xa ndabona
iifoto zalo. Ndabuza ugqirha ukuba baza kulithini, ephendula uthe:
ÒAkukho nto singayenza.
Ó EGabon akukho nogqirha nje oyedwa oyiplastic surgeon. Ukuba
kwenzekile watsha kakubi kofuneka uphile ubomi bakho nezo ziva zibi. Abantu
abangamahlwempu abanakufane baphile kuba iindlela ezimbi nezithuthi
ezingafanele kuqhutywa ezindleleni azinakufane zifike ezibhedlele kwangethuba.
UEvelyne ukwazile ukusinda kodwa ndithe ndakudibana naye wabe ephelelwe
lithemba. Ingalo yakhe yashwabana yaqina ngenxa yokutshiswa yiasidi. Uhle
nge-20 kilogram. Nogqirha uthe kunganzima ukuba alishukumise iliso lakhe
lasekhohlo ukanti akanabugcisa okanye iindlela zokubuyisa ukhozo lweliso lakhe
elonakeleyo. Liza kuhlala lithe gongxo kuba kunzima nkqu nokufumana iindodo
zamehlo eGabon.
Eli lizwe linoovimba beoyile abazisa intywenka yemali likwanezinye
izimbiwa. Linamahlathi amakhulu amaplanga amakhulu. UMongameli Omar Bongo
uhlala kwipomakazi elihle. Kodwa akukho luncedo lufumanekayo lokunyanga
uEvelyne.
Ndicele ugqirha ukuba ingadla yakhe ayibambe ndiza kubona ukuba lukho
kusini na uncedo endingalwenza. Ngokuthi krwaqu nje kanye ndaqonda ukuba kukho
okunokwenziwa ukusindisa iliso likaEvelyne kuba ngaphambili ndikhe ndanceda
umntwana owayetshe kakubi. Kodwa ndandingazi ukuba imali yotyando ndiza
kuyifumana phi, yeka indlela ekunzima ngayo ukufumana abasemagunyeni xa
bebonke. Ndintingele eMzantsi Afrika ndaza ndalungiselela ukuba uEvelyne
atyandwe eNetcare Sunninghil Hospital. Ukuze uEvelyne antingele kweli
kubangelwe nguMarysia Dusinski okwiSouth African Embassy eGabon,
ukubandakanyeka kukaCoulibaly Soungalo, ongumncedi kwintlangano yoncedo lwesisa
yaphesheya nekuthiwa yiMiracles, uncedo oluphuma kwiSizanani Catholic Mission
neAir Gabon kwanabanye abantu abaphambili ingakumbi uDavid Astor, uVernon
Ching, uMarie Antoinette Perira noJulia Ray.
Aba bantu banokubukeka bengathethi nto kuni bafundi kodwa ngeendlela
ezininzi imali yabo nemigudu yabo indikhumbuza umSamariya Olungileyo obhalwe
eBhayibhileni. Ngabantu abakulungeleyo ukupha abanako ukuze bancede uthile
bengalindele mbuyekezo. Lo mgudu ubukeka ungekazukuphela. Abanye abantu bancede
ngonyango emzimbeni emva konyaka. UEvelyne uhlala kumzana wethu. Ukwazile
ukubuyela emzimbeni, uqalise ukufunda intenetya nokusebenzisa ixesha lakhe
ukuzuza obunye ubugcisa kwikhompyutha, ukuthunga nokufunda isiNgesi.
Kodwa kusafuneka afumane utyando olukhulu nolunzulu ukuze kongulwe ulusu
emqolo ukuze kulungiswe umlomo wakhe, isilevu nentamo. ULawrence Chait
oyiplastic surgeon eJohannesburg Park Lane Clinic ucebise ukuba impumlo
inokukhuliswa okwethutyana kwibunzi likaEvelyne ize ngokuthe ngcembe ibuyiselwe
kwindawo yayo. Olo tyando lufuna i-R250 000. Ndiyathemba ukuba abantu
abanganceda banokufunyanwa ngandlelÕ ithile kuba mna okwangoku andinayo
nesenti le.
UEvelyne uxelelwe ukuba inenekazi elaliceba ukuhlasela yenye yeentokazi
zikaLouis-Martin. Siyalazi igama layo sinenkolo yokuba le asidi yayicetyelwe
ukutshisa uHuguette, hayi uEvelyne.
Umhlaseli akanakufane aziswe kwingalo yomthetho kuba eGabon akukho ncedo
lwasimahla lwezomthetho nkqu nabakuloEvelyne abanamali yakufuna igqwetha. Nkqu
naxa sifowunele iGabonese Embassy ePitoli, amagunya apho akabuye akufowunele.
Akazange amtyelele esesibhedlele kungasathethwa ke nangokuza oku neentyatyambo.
Abanye abantu abanaluvelwano kuba uEvelyne engenguye owakweli. Kwabanye
kungenxa yokuba engumntu omdala. Kodwa cinga nje Ñ ukuba ibindim
bendinokuvakalelwa njani? Umsakwethu? Intombi yam? Sinokulwa njani noku kungabi
naluvelwano xa singambonisi umhlaseli ukuba kwilizwe esiphila kulo uthando
yinto ebaluleke kakhulu kunenzondo?
Xa unokunceda uEvelyne, qhagamshelana naye apha: BRONWEN JONES, ifowuni
(011) 726, 6529, nefeksi ikwayile nombolo
Email
firechildren@icon.co.za Box 1048,
Auckland Park, 2006.
Janyuwari 17 1999.
Ukuthi
cakatha kwentombi engenabuso euzweni. Abantu abangaqhelekanga abathi beva
ubunzima benkohlakalo engenamdla namvakalelo.
Ngu-Bronwen Jones.
Eli bali laqala kwisithuba seminyaka emine eyadlulayo xa uDorah Mokoena,
owayengumntwana ngoko wathi watsha kakubi ngumlilo kumatyotyombe aseBotleng.
Ubuso bakhe kwaneengalo zazitshile. Wathi ekugqibeleni wafumana unyango, kwaza
kwathi ekuzeni kokuba ndimqonde, walala ngomqolo kwisibhedlele saseSprings,
esenkedama.
Kwisithuba seminyaka embalalwa elandelayo, unyana wam omncinci uTristan,
umhlobo wakhe uThobeka kunye nam, satyelela uDorah ngeembela veki sadlala kunye
naye. Sabona ukuba le ntwanazana ikhubazekileyo ifuna abantwana njengabahlobo
bayo nanjengentsika ebomini bayo.
NgeyoMnga wowe-1997 ndaxelelwa ukuba oogqirha babeza kukhupha amehlo
kaDorah, kuba babesithi utyhaphakile neendleko zokuwakhupha zaziphakame
kakhulu. Kodwa ababedlala kunye naye babeqonda ukuba unako ukubona, nkqu nokuba
ukubona kwakhe kwakuluzizi. Ngele kweencoko ezindengeemfono-mfono
kwaneentlanganiso nabantu ababezama ukuba ade abone kwelo lizwe lonyango,
ndagqiba kwelokuba ndifune uncedo lokusindisa oko kumfameka kwakhe.
Kwathi zakuthi ndii iindaba zikaDorah elizweni, kwavela umbuzo wokuba
ngubani oya kumkhathalela ukuba unyango lunokulungiselelwa de ndingalali
iingokuhlwa ezininzi. Ndandijongene nowam umntwana kwaye kwakufuneke ndigqibe
ekubeni lungakanani na ixesha ekwakufuneke ndiluchithili.
Ebuncinaneni ndagqiba ekubeni ndifumane unina wakhe uMargaret. Ngexesha
endathi ndaxelelwa ngalo ukuba uMargaret wayengumthinjana kwaye engenawo nomdla
emntwaneni wakhe, ndafumanisa ukuba iinkcukacha ezazigciniwe njengobungqina
zazingeyonyani.
Ngoncedo lodidi lokuqala elalivela kumapolisa lezikhululo zaseDelmas
naseBotleng, sagqogqa ematyotyombeni de uMargaret wafumaneka. Ibali lakhe
lingalingana nencwadi xa linokubaliswa kodwa kwakufuneke emanyene nomntwana
wakhe ngo Janyuwari wonyaka ophelileyo. Ngoku basisibini esivana kakhulu.
Andisayi kukholelwa nayiyo nayiphina into ekhaphu-khaphu. Kodwa yonke
inkohlakalo, ukuthingaza nokungevisisani kwagqunyelelwa luthando lukaDorah.
Kukufudumala kwabangaqhelekanga nabandibhalelayo mbombo zone zomhlaba
okundinika inkuthazo yonyaka ozayo. Kukwazeka kokuphela kwethemba ukwenza ukuba
kubekho ithemba.
Noko lonyaka uphelileyo ubungaqhelekanga. NgeyoKwindla, kwafuneka
ndilungiselele uhambo endingazange ndaluhamba ngaphambili : uhambo olusuka
ekunikezeleni ukuya ethembeni, lwaluvakala njengephupha kuba inqontsonqa
yayingaqhelekanga. Yayiluhambo oluvela kwimikhwazo yosana njengoko impumlo,
amashiyi, imilebe kwaneminwe zazitshile kutyelelo lwethu lokuqala kwibhedi
yosana kumathunzi obomi kaDorah kwanemivuyo engephi kwisoyikiso soogqirha
sokukhupha amehlo.
Kwibali leli phepha-ndaba nakwiLondon Times, ndacenga ugqirha omkhulu
wesithili owayenokufumaneka ukuza kujongana neemfuno ezizodwa zikaDorah kuba
oogqirha boMzantsi Afrika babemncamile. Iqela loogqirha lanikezela ngenkonzo
yalo kwanengcebiso. Kwiminyaka ezayo, ukulungiselela uqhaqholexa elizayo,
singabuyela kubo bonke. UMargaret wabeka intombi yakhe uDorah ebhedini yayo.
Ugqirha wamaNgesi wanceda ekunyangeni iintshiyi zika Dorah.
Ngo-Ayipreli, uDorah wahlangana nomyeni wakhe uRichard Collin
owayesaziwa ngelikaMnumzana Eyelid ngababesebenza kunye naye, wamxilonga
uDorah. UCollin namaqabane akhe kwisibhedlele iMoorfields eLondon, wabona
imifanekiso yayingagqunywanga kaDorah eyayinokubangela eyona ntlungu koogqirha.
Kodwa babeqonda ukuba ukuba banokuthi bazakhe ngokutsha iintshiyi zikaDorah,
ubomi bakhe bungaphucuka ngokugqithisileyo.
UCollin ngoku wabuyisela inkangeleko yangaphandle yemisebe
eyayinjengomngxuma ukuze uDorah abe nokufumana amandla. Wasindisa ukubona
kwakhe. Kweye Khala, uqhaqho luya kwenziwa ukuze abe namehlo akhe okwenyani.
'Ndiya kwenza isigqibo sobungakanani sobomi endiya kubuchitha'
Imbumbulu yeso eyenziwe bubushushu beso iyakususwa kwiso lakhe
lasekunene. Umsetyenzana wokuqala waqala ukudala imilebe yakhe nokumnika
isandla sakhe esimncedayo.
Ngexa amagumbi okuqhaqhela ayehlawulelwa umyinge wama £10 000
(mayela 100.000) uqhaqho. Oogqirha bamaNgesi ne-anaesthetists zanikela ngexesha
labo kwanobuchwepheshasimahla.
Into eyayimangalisa ngele komsebenzi kaCollin, yayiyeyokokuba, iintsapho
nje eBritani zathatha uDorah no Margaret zabasa ngaphakathi, zanikezela
ngamakhaya azo kwaneendwendwe ngazo zonke ezo nyanga. Ngeenyanga ezisithoba
ezadlulayo, uDorah nonina bahlala eBritani ngexa uDorah wayefumana uqhaqho
amaxesha ali-16.
Bahlala neentsapho ezazingamaqabane amadala am okanye abantu ababa
ngabahlobo emva kokuba befunde amabali ngoDorah. Ngexa iimfefe zasemaNgesini
zathi zabuyisa iindleko zokutya kwiintsapho ezithile, ngoku, uninzi lwanikezela
uncedo lwabo ngelize.
Ngaphezu kwekhulu leminyaka eyadlulayo, intwanaza encinane eyayisaziwa
ngokuba nguHelen Keller newayeza kuthunyelwa kwisibhedlele sabagula ngengqondo
njengemfama, isithulu (ngeloxa njengesimumu) kwakukholeleka ukuba umntwana
akanakuncedakala. Abanye abantu benjenjalo nakuDorah, nkqunangoku sekucetyiswa
ukuba kuya kuba ngcono ukuba wayebulewe.
Kodwa intshayelelo kaKeller ku-Anne Sullivan, intokazi eyayikrele-krele
neyayinobulali, yabutshintoha ubomi buka Helen. Ukusuka koneminyaka esixhenxe
owabonakalisa inkohlakalo yebhere esehokweni, apho kwaya kukhula intokazi
eselula, neyathi kwisithuba seminyaka engama-22 yabhala yenjenje:
"Xa
ndifunda isicatshulwa se-Illiad halo, engqondweni yam ndicinga
ngokundingqongileyo ebomini bam. Imiqobo emandla iyalibaleka, ilizwe kum
lingumnqantsa, ubude kwanobubanzi kwanezahluko zezulu zezam".
Intshukumo eqhelekileyo kuDorah, evela kubantu abaqhelekileyo jikelele
elizweni, indikhumbuza amandla awayikekayo kwanobuntu obuhlala ikakhulu
bubopheleleke kwizahlulo eziliqela zabantu. Kukhangeleka ngathi kukho imfuneko
engemandla yeminikelo yeCawa kodwa okwexesha lentlawulo yabavangeli, apho
abantu babeka incwadi yemizuzu, ngeyure kungenjalo usuku bucala, ukubuyisela
uthando kwanokukhathalelana kuluNtu.
Ndafumana mayela nama-2000 eeleta zenkuthazo, izithembiso zomthandazo,
imali kungenjalo imigudu emandla. Abantu bandixelela ukuba bamkhalela njani na
uDorah kwiinqwelo-moya nakoololiwe. Babhala imihobe ukuba ithengiswe,
bazilungiselela neehambo zezibonelelo. Balahla amacwecwe abo eminqweno emihle
yeKrismesi, izidlo zabo zeKresmesi.Kwaneehambo zabaqeshwa zolonwabo. Abantu
bafunga besithi unotshe kwakhona kwisisulu kodwa beza ngaphambili bathi:
"Asinakungamhoyi uDorah."
Iileta zeza zikumaphepha angcangcazelayo nabhalwe ngokungacacanga,
amanye ayechwetheziwe, amanye ekwipostcards. Imibhalo-ngqangi yobuntwana
neyayimilise okwentliziyo ibhalwe kumaphetshana amancinane aye enomyalezo olula
onje: "Uthando oluvela kuJulie."
Babhala ukusuka eCroydon, eCardiff nase Charibury, ukusuka eNorwich
naseNorthampton, ukusuka eTaplow naseTaverham. Kwakukho intshukumo evela kuzo
iingingqi eBritani. Ukusuka apho kweza imali yaseSpain ikwileta, enye yayivela
eGibraltar, France, Canada, kwiPhilippines, Australia, Monaco Switzerland
nase-United States. Abanye abemi boMzantsi Afrika bathumela imali kuKent kuba
beva ngengulo kaDorah kumabona-kude iSky.
Wonke ubani unesizathi sokubandakanyeka, abanye njengabazali okanye
oomakhulu beentsana, beva ngengulo kaDorah, abanye ngenxa yokunxulumana
noMzantsi Afrika okanye abanye babengaboni kakuhle. Abanye abantu
babandakanyeka kuba babecinga ukuba yinto elungileyo leyo.
Omnye umbhaleli uVicki Green wathi: "Umyeni wam wayenqwenela
ukuphumelela isabelo semali ukuze abe nokuyinikezela loo mali enkundleni"
UTudor Morgan wabhala: "Intsapho yam iza kuphisa ngobuncinane esinabo
kwintwanaza encinane ukuyinika ekufaneleyo. NoDave Adams wathi: "Enkosi kakhulu
ngokubonisa ngoDorah kuthi. Umlo oqalwe yilaa ntwanazana iingumzekelo kuthi
sonke:"
Umnikelo omncici wawu £2, omkhulu nowawungaziwa nowanikezelwa
yibhanka yamaSwiss wawuyi-£5000. Konke oko kwanceda ukwakha uqilima
olwenza uqhaqho lukaDorah lokuqala lwaba yimpumelelo.
Iguqulelwe esiXhoseni nguM.A. Ndyamara Ngomhla we- 1999-05-22
Inkonzo yeendaba zebandla lama-Anglikheni.
Intshumayelo ngu-Bhishophu omkhulu u-Carey kwinkonzo yokugqibela
eLambethi.
UBhishophu omkhulu wase Canterbury, George Carey. Nje iintsukwana
ezimbalwa phambi kokuba inkomfa iqale, iindwendwe ezimbini ezazivela eMzansi
Afrika zeza kundibona intwazana eyayikwiminyaka emine, nonina wayo owayeselula.
Igama lale ntwanaza nguDorah, kwaye ubudala beenyanga ezisixhenxe, ibobosi
awahlala kulo yena nonina, kumabobosi awayekufutshane neRhawuti, latsha.
Wavaleleka kulo, ngenxa yoko, ubuso bakhe bonakala; akanamplo-kusele nje
umngxuma; akanazindlebe namashiyi, kwaye ubona luzizi. Akanazo nkqu neengalo,
kuba zonakala kanga ngokuba kwanyanzeleka ukuba zinqunyulwe. Kodwa uDorah
ungumntu nangona engenabuso, Kwaye ngocedo loogqirha, nangothando, uthando
oludurhu lukanina namaqabane akhe, ubuso bakhe obutsha buqalisa ukubuyela
endaweni yako.
Kodwa okubalulekileyo kuDorah, nakuthi sonke, kukuba senabo ubuso
angenakwahlukana nabo; ubuso obazeka kuThixo, obungenachaphaza nobubobakhe
kuphela.
Kuziveki ezimbalwa zokugqibela ezintathu, besifunda ngeleta ejikelezayo
kaPawulosi, ekumaKorinte esibini. Kuyo, ubuso ngobuso bubalulekile. Indumasi
kaMosisi yobuso emva kokuba wadibana noThixo; obethu ubuso
obungafihlalakakanga, xa sizinikele kwilizwi likaThixo; ubunganga bukaThixo
bubonakala kuthi ngabanye ngabanye, njengoko sibona uKristu kubanye ngabanye
bethu; kuze kwisahlako sesine, kuvele umfanekiso kaPawulosi. Kuba uThixo
uzibonakalalisile kwiintliziyo zethu ukuba, kufuneka sinikele ngokukhanya
kwanolwazi lobungaka bakhe ebusweni bukaYesu Kristu.
Ubuso ngobuso (iimbuso). Esikrinini emva kwam sibone ubuso ngobuso
(iimbuso); iimbuso zezithethi, iimbuso zeemvumi, iimbuso zabanye ngabanye
njengoko ikhamera yayisifota. Phambi kokuba size apha, sasisazana omnye
ngomunye kodwa sasingazani ebusweni. Ngoku sibonene. Ukwenjenjalo, siqalise
ukubonana nokwazana ngcono. Sayiqonda neyokuba, emva kobuso ngabunye kukho
isithili esiNgcwele esiphansi kukaBhishophu kwanePhondo elikwahlukile.
Leyo yenye nje yeendumasi zentlangano yamaKristu enjengale. Ukuqalq
ukubona ukwahluka komnye komnye, ngokwahlukana kwethu, saqalisa kananjalo
ukubona into yobunganga bukaThixo ebusweni bukaYesu Kristu komnye komnye.
Kananjalo, kubo bonke ubuntu nenkcubeko eyahlukeneyo, kukho laa mfano
yobu-Angikheni, yobuKristu, eyobuyntu jikelele nentsukaphi yayo evela kwiziqu
ezithathu, kolwaa thando lobuntsapho lweziqu ezithathu zoThixo omnye.
Ibandla lethu lama-Anglikheni amanyeneyo layibhengeza kwakude kudala
inkolo yalo yothando lweenkcubeko ezahlukeneyo. Njengoko besilapha sonke,
sidibene, laa nkolo yokulunga kweenkcubeko ezahlukeneyo seyide yazisa amandla
novuyo kubaninzi, ngokukodwa kwiintlobo ntlobo zonqulo esithe sanazo.
Siziqondele thina ngokwethu ukuba, sibaxolise kuyo nayiphina imibuzo enzima
"ngochulumanco" Kanti ngokuchasene noko. Njengokuba ingxelo yaseVijiniya
isikhumbuza, uThixo umema abantu bakhe ukuba bazonwabise ngokwahlukana kwabo,
bakusebenzise ukwahlukana kwabo ingekuko ekungxengeni koko "ekwakheni umzimba."
Asimngcipheko wabuhlobo namvumelwano koko kukwahlulkana kwethu okuya kwenza
ukuba somelela ukuze sibe nako ukumelana nemibuzo enzima,yona esekeleze kumava
ethu enene okudumisa uThixo ebusweni buka Yesu Kristu ,njengoko sesibonile,
sibona ngawethu amehlo, phabi kobuso bomnye nomnye. "Ukwahlukana kwethu
okumanyeneyo," mandikukhumbuse, ngokumaneka kubunyulu baThixo
ngekqu,nowabonakala kuthi ngoYesu Kristu, nangokubhalwe kwauncwadi eziNgcwele
zenkozo. Obuya bunganga bunikwe thina khon'ukuze sibe nokubhiyoza nokubhengeza.
Kwaye sibubonile obuya bunganga ngeendlela ngeendlela ezininzi Laa cawa
yokuvula imangaliso kwiholo eNgcwele yeBhishopu eCanterbury, kubudlelalwane
obuhle kwanokukhululeka komnye komnye ngokukodwa kumaqela ethu amancinane
okufunda iBhayibhile, umhla wesandulela noqhutywe kakuhle kakhulu ngumhlobo
wethu uJini Vanari, kumabali abuhlungu nawamanxeba kwanentsokolo ngenxa
yendlala, ukungxwelerheka kwanemfazwe, kwanabo basakhasayo nabaphumeleleyo.
Kodwa mhlawubi ngathi kubalula ngamanye amaxesha, njengasebushushwini
nasebudeni bezinye izigabaze entlangniso nalapho kungekho miqobo ithile,
ngokukodwa xa bekukhe kwaphakanyiswa uluvo kwaza akwavunyelwana ngalo.
Kananjalo siyazi ukuba kunjani na ukusuka ``ekwahlukaneni kwethu, ntoleyo
esingayivuyela siyibhiyozele,ukuya kwinto eyahlukileyo "eyahlukileyo," kwenye
kwenye, egokelela ubushushu nokugqatsa nenokudeidale "ingxabano" ebhlungu
kakhulu. Loo nto ke, iqhubekilekule leki, akunjalo na.Kulula kakhulu nkuxabana
komnye nonmye ize loo nto yakuqhubeka idale iintanda elusatsheni. KuFuneka
sikulwe oko ukuze sijongane nentlungu siyimbumba, sifunde iziBhalo kunye,
sithandaze kunye. Khumbulani kaluko emva, laa mdlalo umangaliso "Ukungqulana
NeeNgeliso." Yayikhangeleka njegento eyayingena kwenzeka,eyokuba uYakobi akwazi
ukuba iintsikelelo zikaThixo ebusweni buka-Esawu. Kananjalo, nakuyikhumbula
impendulo yeNgelosi xa yayisezintlungwini zomzimba, yabiza intsikelelo ka
Yehova, "Uyifumene unayo intsikelelo yam. Guquka uyifumane," Kwalapho, emi emva
kwakhe, u-Esawu, wanikezela ngetsikelelo yo xolelwaniso.
Laa mdalalo usinika ingqiqo enzulu yeVangeli.Kuba inyaniso yile egameni
nasemandleni kaYesu, amaKristu asabenza nzima, ngentembeko nangentlungu
ukungena kumava naseqo ndaneni komnye nomnye umKristu ukuze abe nokufumana
ufefe luka Kristu ebethelelwe emnqamlezweni.Kule nkomfa,siqalise ukubona-kwaye
iye yasiguqula. Bhishophu yathi nge nye imini; "Okuthe yandenzela kona le
nkomfa, kukundivula ingqondo kwanentliziyo kwiindlela zokuphila nokucinga,
ngendlela engummangaliso. Kwaye kuloo nto iyonke, ndiqalisa ukubona nje
kananane ukuba inkangeleko yobuso bukaKristu injani na kwiinkcubeko ezahluke
ngokungenambaliso kweyam." Ukubaluleka kwesikubhaqileyo, nokuba sembindini koko
sikungqule sikunye. Kuba uhlobo lomanyano ebesilufuna kule nkomfa, uhlobo
lomanyano esifuna ukuluphumelelisa ngenxa yehlabathi, ayikokuba lula
kokusebenza kunye ngeengqondo neengcinga ezifanayo okanye ukunkwalambisa nje
kungekho nto haloo manyano lunzulu nolulolosapho noluthe lwalinga lwaza
lwavavanywa ingekuko nje yintlukwano yethu nothando lwethu olunzulu
kwaneentloloo-ntlobo zeemo zobome, kodwa ngokwahlukana kwethu kwanokusebenza
nzima ngoku chaseneyo singqongwe luthando olunzulu olumanyanisa usapho. Uhlobo
lomanyano oluqhaganyishele ligazi nothando. Igazi likaKristu laphalala
emnqamlezweni ukwenzela thina,nangenxa yothando olukhulu, awathi ngoko,
ngenene, wasithanela ekwiziqu ezithathu. Njengoko watshoyo uBishophu omkhulu
uGlawakho kwenye yeeSekhramente zika Kristu "Ukuziphatha kusimahla kodwa
akutshipu."
Kanjalo siya kuzikhumbula umbuso ubuso ngobuso de kube kudala emva
kwamazwi iintetho kwanezisombululo ezithe zalibaleka. Kuba uThixo awakuthetha
ehlabathini, nokwathi kwakuguqula oko, yayiyinto enkulu nkqu nakumthetho we
Nkosi owawubhalwe kumacwecwe amatye. Amacwecwe amtye ayenokuninzi okungqamene
neengcangula zamatye, iingxele kwanezisombululo. Ayeyimfuneko ukusigina
sisekhondweni elililo. Kodwa ekugqibeleni, uThixo wasebenzisa umfziselo womatye
ukufezekisa isahlulo somsebenzi kuthi sonke, phakathi kobungcwele bakhe
nokusulungeka kwakhe, kunye nolwazi lesono labantu. Ngoko ke kusemntwini
ngokwakhe ukuziqoqosha; omnye komnye, kwanabo basingqongileyo thina
behlabathini elihlwembuzekileyo, abo basibandezelayo kuba kubo sibona ubuso
bukaKristu.
Kodwa naziphina iimbandezelo eziya kolo hlobo lomanyano nesithe
saziphumelela apha, azisosiphelo zona ngokwazo, njengokuba nenkomfa ingesiso
isiphelo yona buqu.Kuphela iziqhamo ezilulutho zale ndibano iya kuba,
ekugqibeleni, koko sibuyela nako kwi Phondo eliNgawele leBishophu. Nokuba
siphumelele amadabi okuxolelanisa egameni lomthetho nokudumisa uKristu; ezi
zizinikezelo esibheka nazo emva kubantu bethu, ukutya esibaphathela kona
ukususela kwisidlo esineentetho esibe naso kunye nabo, ignuqu esibazele nayo,
ukususela kumandla athe atyhutyha kuyo le ndibano. U-T.S. Eliot, neyathiywa
ngaye ikholeji - Elioti, unento etyhulu kakhulu anga angayithetha mayela
nokuhlaziywa ngokutsha kwecawa kumdlalo wakhe, "Ilitye." Kuyinto yokuba icawa
kaThixo iya kuhlaziywa kuphela ize yakhiwe ngokutsha ukuba onke amalungu ayo
anokusebenza kunye.
"Apho izitena zithe zawa
Siya kwakha ngelitye elitsha
Apho
amaplanga abolileyo
Siya kwakha ngamaplanga amatsha
Apho ilizwi
lingathethwayo
Siya kwakha ngentetho entsha
Apho kufuneka sisebenze
kunye
Icawa yabo bonke abantu
Nomsebenzi kumntu ngamnye."
(Icatshulwe kwiikhorasi ze- Ilitye.)
Kwaye ngakho oko, boodade nabanakwe ababekekileyo, iluxanduva lwethu
eyokusuka apha sibuyisele umva izixhobo zokwakha khonukuze sibe nokuguqula
sihlaziye iicawa zethu kwiindowo esihlala kuzo, nokushumayeza bonke abantu
bethu, sandlale size simisele. Kuba ukuba sibuyisela emva amaplanga abolileyo
nadliwe ngumbungu kuphela wogxeko okanye inkolelo engaqinisekiswanga okanye
ukuba izitena zethu ibe izizitena ezidala nezimkum-nkum nezinembono
engaguqukanga; kwanokuba, ngaphe kwazo zonke, sasingavanga lizwi litsha elivela
kuThixo ukuze sibe nokubuyela nalo liyintetho entsha' kubantu bethu, bekuya
kuba ngenenesiwe phansi. Kodwa andikholwa nangomzuzu omnye ukuba siwe phansi.
Ndikholelwa kwelokuba sifunde izinto ezininzi kumava ethu obunkokeli phantsi
koxinzelelo njengoko sasimamele iintshukumo kwividiyo, zinxulumene nezifundo
zethu zeBhayibhile, seva nangamabali oloyiso nenguquphantsi koxinzelelo.
Ngaphezu kwako konke, ndiyakholwa ukuba sihlaziyeke ngokutsha ukuze sibange,
hayi nje ukwenzela thina, koko iicawa zethu ezikwinguqu, amandla amatsha
angakaKristu. Njengoko uPawulosi wabhalayo, ukuba nabani na ukuKristu, kukho
udalo olutsha, konke okunye kusukela koko.
Leyo yayiyinjongo eyinyani yenkomfa yaselambethi. Imele unqumamo,
iplanga eliseqongeni, apho sihlaziweyo emoyeni (emzimbeni nasenqondweni
ngokunjalo, ndiyathemba) silungiselelwa isigaba esilandelayo sohambo lwethu.
Iphawula isigaba ebomini bebandla lethu. Kwaye iphawula isigaba kubomi bethu
ngabanye ngabanye kwiihambo zethu. Ngako oko ke, zinto zini oya kuzithabatha
uzithathela isigaba esilandelayo sohambo lwakho, uhambo olubheka kwisithili
seBhishophu kwanolo Phondo lwakho?
Ndiyathemba uya kuthabatha ingqalelo eyomeleleyo yokuba akuwedwa.
Uyinxenye yosapho olukhulu lukaThixo, kwaye apha uye wadibana ubuso ngobuso
nabanakwenu noodade bakho bavela kwihlabathi ngokubanzi njengoko sithethile,
sathandaza, satya saza sanqula kunye sisondelelene silusapho. Ndithemba
kananjalo ukuba woba nenqondo ehlaziyekileyo yekhonkco lomthandazo
elukubophelela kubanakwakho noodade bakho kwihlabathi jikelele, nelikukhokelela
kwikhoko elishushu lothando lomthandazo elinokukunika loona.
Ndiyathemba ukuba uya kumka apha unemfundiso etyebileyo kuThixo
nekurhuqele ekucingeni nzulu ngoThixo. Ingqondo ebukhali ngommangaliso
weVangeli noThixo ngaphambili; nangokunxulumana naye ngokulula kubudlelwane
kwanothando lwakhe.
Ndiyathemba kananjalo lokuba uya kuphatha kuwe iingcinga ezintsha
nezikhuthazekileyo nezimayela nabavakalisi beVangeli kwanokushunyayelwa kwayo,
iingcinga ezintsha eziqokelelwe kwihlabathi ngokubanzi ngeendlela ezintsha
nezahlukeneyo neziceka umngeni zokuchaza ibali likaYesu.
Ndiyathemba, ngalo lonke uthando lwale ndibano siya kubanako ukuthabatha
esikuzuzileyo apha, sikuthabathele kwihlabathi kuvela kule nkomfa yaseLambethi
yeshumi elinesithathu yomelezekile lumanyano lwama-Anglikheni ezibophelele
kwabo babuthathaka, abahluphekayo nabagulayo ngokunzulu. Kwanga singaba
ngabachasi bayo nayiphi na into ethoba isidima sobuntu kubo oodade nabanakwethu
kuyo nayiphi na indawo, sivakalise amazwi ethu ngetyala lehlabathi nobuhlwempu,
sithethele abantu abatsha ize sisebenzele ubu-Anglikheni obukhulayo
nobomeleleyo kwihlabathi jikelele.
Kodwa okungaphezu kwakho konke, njengokuba usazi, oya kubuyela nako
kwisithili esiphansi kukaBhishophu, nguwe buqu: umntu othe wanguye kwezi veki
zedlulileyo. Kuba uya kukhumbula ukuba ndithe ekuqaleni, ndathi umsebenzi wethu
wokuqala njenge nkomfa, ibe ukuguqula thina buqu, Ngoko ke siya kubona ntoni
isithili esiphansi kweBhishophu ebusweni bakho, xa ubuyile? Baya kubona kuwe
ubuqaqawuli awaye ethetha ngabo uPawulosi, ubuqaqawuli obunjengobo bukaMosisi
xa wayenoThixo; ubuqaqawuli bobuso obungangqunywanga njengoko buvulekile
kwilizwi likaThixo; ngaphezu kwakho konke, eliyalitha likhanya livela kulwazi
elihlaziyiweyo lobunganga nokudumisa uThixo njengoko elibone bunkawu ebusweni
bukaYesu Kristu.
Ndifuna ukugqibela, njengoko bendiqalile, ngoDorah, laa ntwanazana
yayonakaliswe ubuso ngumlilo ngokupheleleyo, neyathi kancinane, isuntsu
ngesuntsu, kubuhlungu, yonikwa ubuso obutsha. Asimlilo kuphela onokuthi
wonakalise phantse ngokupheleleyo ubuhle bobuso bomntu. Ukudinwa kakhulu,
amathemba atshabalalayo, imibono emfiliba, intembeko engekhoyo, ukungcoliswa
ngegama, ukuphoxeka kwanokuwa phansi kwemizamo, zonke ezi zinto zingonakalisa
inkangeleko yobuso bethu. Le nto ke ingaba kwaye iya kuba ngawo amava kubanye
bethu, mhlawumbi kuninzi lwethu amaxesha ngamaxesha.
Kodwa njengokuba ubuso bukaDorah busaziwa nguThixo esezulwini, ubnjalo
nobenu. Kwaye I-intshi nge-intshi, kancinane nakabuhlungu, obuya buso bubodwa
sele ibobethu kananjalo phambi koThixo bulungiswe baza babunjwa apha kubomi
bethu basemhlabeni; Ngako oko ke, boodade nanibazalwana, njengoko nilungiselela
ukubuyela emakhaya nithabathise kwakhona ngomthwalo onzima osemangxni enu,
khumbulani ukuba uyise wenu osemazulwini uyanazi, hayi ngamagama koko ngobuso.
Kunanjalo ngenye imini, ngexesha lakhe elulunye kuye,niya kumbona, inxenye
yakhe nje, njengoko kunjalo ngoku, kodwa niyakumbona "ubuso ngobuso" Kungelo
themba noko kuzimisela, ithemba nokuzimisela okungekuko kwethu kuphela, koko
okukokwehlabathi liphela, nokugqina ukuba sidibene apha. Kungelothemba
nokuzimisela esiya kuthi sihambe siphume sivela apha siyokuxelela ihlabathi
ukuba kukho uThixo osindisayo, uThixo osenyameni, owenziwe samazi ebusweni
bukaYesu Kristu.
Njalo ke, sesifikelele kwixesha lokuthi ndithi salani kakuhle, ndithanda
ukusebenzisa amazwi ka T. S. Eliot avela kumhobe wakhe "intlawulo yokusindisa
okutshe koma" andithi hamba kakuhle kodwa ndithi hambela phambili mdadi! Ewe,
ngokwenene, kwanga sonke singahambela phambili- desifike kwinkulungwane
elandelayo (ezayo), kwikamva likaThixo nelilithemba lethu lokuba simdumisele
ubizo oluphakamileyo nesinalo kuThixo uYesu Kristu wethu.
Kodwa uPawulosi makabe nezwi lokugqibela-loo mPostile mkhulu noncwadi
yakhe inolwazi olunzulu nethe yasihluthisa kwezi veki zintathu zidlulileyo-
namazwi akhe okugqibela awabhekisa kumaKorinte angamaKristu awayo, njengathi:
"okokugqibela, bazalwana noodade
.hlalani ngoxolo; kwaye uThixo wothando
noxolo uya kuba nani! Amen. Makube njalo.
Iguqulelwe esixhoseni ngu.
M.A Ndyamara Umhla: 1999-07-16
2255 Thembisa Ext
Dimbaza 5671


text:
Hello!
Namkelekile
kwi-awareNet
i-awareNet – eveliswa yi-eKhaya
ICT – yi-software yalemihla, enemfundiso yengxoxo equka iqonga elikrelekrele
elinikezela ithuba elikhusela abo bayisebenzisayo. Ivumela abafundi bancokole
kwindawo enokhuseleko, ibapha kananjalo nethuba lokwenza ii-profile zabo kunye
nee-projects (imixholo) emoyeni bebonisa isimo sentlalo yabo okanye neyiphina
into abakholwa yiyo.
Abafundi banakho ukunxibelelana
basebenzisane nabafunda nabo okanye nabafundi abangazange badibane nabo, nkqu
nabaphesheya.
Kulindeleke ukuba umgangatho
wemfundo weenkqubo ezikhuthaza oluhlobo zingankulu kakhulu yaye zingakhokelela
ekuphuhliseni izinga lesingeis nezakhono zee-computer ngokumandla, ngokuphandle
nje kokuvula amathuba olwazi kubafundi. i-awareNet yavezwa okokuqala ngomhla
we-29th ku January 2009 kwi-Zwelenqaba Senior Secondary School. Ezinye izikolo
zizakulandela kwakamsinyane.
In Pictures
The Software
Okuqulathiweyo
Okwangoku isaqulathe oku
kulandelayoIt :
- abahlobo banxulumana ngee-profiles, ngokutsha ebomini
babo, ngee
- notices, njalonjalo
- imibutho yengxoxo
- amathala emifanekiso abo nawemibutho
- ii-blog nee-blog aggregation
- imiyalezo ekhawulezileyo (iincoko)
- imiyalezo yabasebenzisi (imbalelwano)
- ukulawula imifanekiso nee-files
- ukwabelana ngeekhalenda
- intsebenziswano kwii-projects ngeenjongo zokukhuthaza
umanyano lweqela
iyakuphuhliswa ngokuphangaleleyo
ngentsebenziswano nabafundi ukwenzela ilandele ncakasa iimfuno zabo ngelixa
befunda izakhono zokusebenzisa ii-computer. Lento iyakukhuthaza kakhulu
abafundi ukuba basebenzisane ngendlela ekhethekileyo, ngoba utshintsho
lwakubonakala kwangoko.
Oyena nto iyakuba nomdla
yindlela i-awareNet eyakusebenza ngayo, ubukhulu becala, ezandleni zabantu
abatsha abangekabi namava. Izimvo neendlela yokucinga entsa yolutsha
lwaseAfrika ingenza ukuba ii-awareNet ithandwe kakhulu, oko kuncedisane
nokuzisa iAfrica kwi-Internet ngendlela engazang’ ibonwe yaye kukhokele
kuthotho lolutsha lwaseAfrika oluyakuba nolwazi ngosapho lomhlaba. i-awareNet
iyi-free/libre open source software (FLOSS) yaye inokusetyenziswa nakweyiphina
i-server nangubani na.
Development
i-eKhaya
ICT iyindawo ephuhlisa ikhulise i-software eneengcambu eziluqilima
kwiMpuma-Koloni kunye namaphandle osapho lwase Afrika. Iinjongo zethu
kukuphuhlisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-Internet kwindawo ezisakhulayo ukwenzela
ukwakha unxibelelwano kwwilali (ngaphakathi nangaphandle, ekhaya naphesheya)
kunye nokuphuhlisa imfundo, impikiswano de ekugqibeleni kukhuphule izinga
lomnotho nge-software development. [ home page >> ]
Guidance
i-Village Scribe Association
ifuna ukwandisa iimbono yaye ikhulise namathuba abantu abantu abangathathi
ntweniwants. Eyona ngqwalasela yethu ilele ekukhuliseni imfundo kwezondawo
zabantu ezisakhasayo kwezona kona zamaphandle angakhathalekanga ukuze banganeli
nje kukukwazi ukuzinceda, koko bakwazi nokwandisa ulwazi lukubaluleka kwabo
nenkxaxheba abanokuyidlala.
Injongo yethu kukuthelekelela,
size ne-, sense, yaye sincedise kulwazi lwalemihla lwe-technology ukuncedisana
nabantu kwiindawo ezisakhulayo babenokuzimela bakwazi nokuzenzela imali.
Kubalulekile ke kuthi ukuba zonke ii-projects esizincedisayo zibe nokuzimela.
Lombutho wethu ilawula incedise ii-p;rojects ezikhoyo, umzekelo: i-ECSPIRT
Project equka ukuphuhliswa nokusetyenziswa kwe-awareNet. [ home page >> ]
Pilot Implementation
i-Eastern Cape Schools
Participatory Internet Research and Training Project yasekelwa ukuba
mayilungisane nomngeni wonqongophalo lweetitshala kwizikolo zasemaphandleni
kwindawo ebisakwaziwa ngokuba kuphesheya kweNciba (Transkei) apha eMzantsi
Afrika. Ifuna ukuzisa isisombululo esintlu-mbini kwiimeko apho ii-computer
ne-Internet zifumanekayo.
Okukuqala, eqhubekekayo,
inengeniso yaye ezimeleyo ingqeqesho izakusekwa. Oko kuyakuqinisekisa ukuba
uluhlu lwabafundi bayakufumana uqeqesho olufanelekileyo nokuba nayo indawo
yekomputha iyakube isetyenziswa lonke ixesha. Okwesibini okuhambisanayo
neprogram yoqeqesho, i-software entsha i-awareNet iyakusetyenziselwa ukuncedisana nabafundi. [ read more >> ]


text:
Ukuba ufuna ukwazi ukubeka i-Amazon kwi-intanethi malunga neenkcukacha eziphezulu ezifanelekileyo-sele usendaweni efanelekileyo. Ngaba uyazi ukuba iphepha lokuqala lemiphumela yophando kwi-Amazon ithola ngaphezu kwe-60% yendlela yokukhangela jikelele evela kubathengi abaphilayo befuna izinto ezithengiswa ngaphaya kwalapho? Ngoko, kuthetha ukuba ukufuphi kwakho kufikelele kwi-Amazon yomkhiqizo wokukhangela amagama angundoqo afanelekileyo kunye nemigca yokukhangela emide.Kodwa indlela yokubeka i-Amazon kwiindawo eziphambili ezifanelekileyo, ngokukodwa ukuba usengomthengisi we-novice nje nje uthatha amanyathelo okuqala kuloo ndawo yemakethe ephakamileyo? Impendulo emfutshane kukuba - ukuqonda amagama angundoqo kunye neempawu zabo eziphambili ezibonwe kwimbono ye-A9 yokusesha i-algorithm - registrations online. Ngoko, ngaphantsi ndiza kukubonisa indlela yokubeka i-Amazon kwibala - ngokunika isikhokelo esifutshane kwizinto eziphambili ezijoliswe kuzo kunye nendlela efanelekileyo yokuzichonga apho.
Indlela yokubeka i-Amazon kwiindawo eziphambili ezichaphazelekayo
Ngaphambi kokuba nantoni na enye, makhe sicinge ngokusingatha uphando lwegama elingundoqo le-Amazon ngendlela efanelekileyo. Khumbula, yenza isiseko esisiseko sokwenza kwakho kwi-Amazon. Nazi ezinye iimpawu ezisisiseko kunye neenkcazo ukuba uqonde indlela yokubeka i-Amazon kwiindawo eziphambili ezijoliswe kuzo. Qinisekisa ukuba unabo bonke:
- Amagama angundoqo - ama-angukhiye ama-Amazon, ukusuka kwimbono ye-SEO kunye ne-ecommerce yorhwebo yorhwebo, ngaba ngaba "zifutshane" iipropati eziphambili zezinto ezithengiswayo okanye ubudlelwane balo ngokubanzi kumgangatho wemveliso. Amagama angundoqo afanelekileyo ayingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu ekuhlunguleni uluhlu lwemveliso kwi-Amazon product search.
- Amagama angundoqo ase-Tail - imela ibinzana elithile okanye inqaku elingundoqo elingabonakaliyo abathengi abaphilayo banokuthi bathathe umbuzo wokufuna umkhiqizo kwi-Amazon. Ngokucacileyo, ii-Amazon ezinomsila wegama eliqhelekileyo zidibaniso zegama eliqhelekileyo ezisetyenziselwa ukukhangela kwemveliso rhoqo. Enyanisweni, ngokukodwa olu hlobo lwamagama angundoqo lenza into ejikeleze i-70% yeziphumo zophando ezenziwe ngabathengi abaphilayo ngaphaya kwalo.
Yingakho kubaluleke nakakhulu ukuchonga intsebenziswano yexesha elide lokufuna uphando oluchaphazelekayo kwintengiso yakho okanye intengiso yezinto. Ngaloo ndlela, uya kuba nethuba elingcono lokuboniswa kwabaphulaphuli abanzi abathengi abakukhangela iimveliso ezinikwe ngentengiso ngaphezu koko. Phakathi kwabanye, ndincoma ukusebenzisa izixhobo zokuphanda ngegama elingundoqo, ngokukodwa ukulungiswa kweso satifikethi se-ecommerce.
- Amazwi omthengisi - isilungiso esihle sokuqalisa ukuphanda ngegama eliphambili kwi-Amazon, ukufumana uncediso oluninzi lweengcebiso ezinokubaluleka kwexesha elide, ezithatha ngqo ukusuka phezulu abathengisi kwi-niche yakho okanye udidi lwemveliso.
- I-Jungle Scout - yintengiso enye-ntengiso kuyo yonke intengiso ye-intanethi.Ngaphandle kwenkcazelo yegama elingundoqo, i-Jungle Scout yabonisa ukuba luncedo kakhulu xa kufikelele ekufuneni amathuba emveliso emitsha, okanye imfuneko yokufumana ingcamango ebalulekileyo yokuncintisana ngokubalulekayo - zombini kwimveliso enenzuzo, kunye negama eliqhelekileyo elingumsila. idibaniso eziyimfuneko ukuba zibekwe.


text:
Nangona usapho lakwaMeyiwa lususesentlungwini emva kokushiywa ngunyana walo kunyaka ongaphaya kwalo uphelileyo, kodwa iindaba ezimnandana zithi, kule veki i-Orlando Pirates izakukhupha imali ye-inshorensi kaSenzo Meyiwa.
Oku kubhengezwe ngusihlalo we-Orlando Pirates, * -Irvin Khoza, ekupheleni kweveki ephelileyo. “Zonke izinto ezimayela nemali ye-inshorensi kaSenzo siyaziphetha ngoku, okuseleyo kukudibana nosapho lwakwaMeyiwa,” utshilo uKhoza.
Le mali ejongwe ngamahlo abomvu ngenxa yomlo ophakathi kukayise kaSenzo noKelly, iqikelelwa phaya kwizigidi ezihlanu zeeRandi [R5 million]. Nangona kungekaziwa ukuba ngubani oyena mntu uzakuxhamla kule mali kuba uSenzo wabhubha engalabanga ilifa lakhe, kodwa abantwana bakhe ababini kulindeleke bafumane isixa esikhulu.
Umntwana wokuqala ngokaMandisa Mkhize omnye ngowentombi awayethandana nayo uKelly Khumalo.
Amapolisa asakhangela umntu owabulala uSenzo endlini kaKelly kunyaka ongaphaya kophelileyo.


text:
Isahluko 11: Iinkonzo Zokhuseleko (198-210)
198. Imigaqo engundoqo
- Imigaqo elandelayo ilawula ukhuseleko lwelizwe kwiRiphablikhi:
- ukhuseleko lwelizwe malubonise isigqibo sabantu baseMzantsi-Afrika, bengumntu ngamnye bekwasisizwe, sokuphila njengabalinganayo, sokuphila ngoxolo nemvisiswano, sokungabi nalo uloyiko nokuswela, nesokufuna ubomi obubhetele;
- isigqibo sokuphila ngoxolo nemvisiswano siyamthintela nawuphi na ummi waseMzantsi-Afrika ekuthabathen’inxaxheba kungquzulwano ekuxhotyiweyo kulo, kwilizwe lethu okanye kwamanye amazwe, ngaphandle kwalapho kutsho uMgaqo-siseko okanye umthetho wepalamente wezwelonke;
- ukhuseleko lwelizwe malufunwe ngendlela evisisana nomthetho, kuquka nomthetho wamazwe ngamazwe;
- ukhuseleko lwelizwe luphantsi kwegunya lePalamente norhulumente wezwelonke.
199. Ukusekwa kweenkonzo zokhuseleko, ukwakheka kwazo nendlela yokuziphatha
- Iinkonzo zokhuseleko zeRiphablikhi ngumkhosi wokhuselo omnye, inkonzo yamapolisa enye kuzo naziphi na iinkonzo zobuntlola ezisekwe ngokoMgaqo-siseko.
- Umkhosi wokhuselo kuphela komkhosi wamajoni osemthethweni kwiRiphablikhi.
- Ngaphandle kweenkonzo zokhuseleko ezisekwe ngokoMgaqo-siseko, imibutho exhobileyo okanye abenza iinkonzo ekuxhotywayo kuzo banokusekwa kuphela ngokomthetho wepalamente wezwelonke.
- Iinkonzo zokhuseleko mazakhiwe zize zilawulwe ngumthetho wepalamente wezwelonke.
- Iinkonzo zokhuseleko mazenze, zifundise kwaye zifune ukuba amalungu azo enze, ngokuvumelana noMgaqo-siseko nomthetho, kuquka nomthetho wamazwe ngamazwe oqhelekileyo nezivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe eziyinkqamangelayo iRiphablikhi.
- Akukho lungu layo nayiphi na inkonzo yokhuseleko emalithobele umyalelo obonakala ngokucacileyo ukuba awukho mthethweni.
- Iinkonzo zokhuseleko, okanye ilungu lazo, azivumelekanga ukuba, ekwenzeni imisebenzi yazo–
- zithintele injongo yeqela lopolitiko efanelekileyo ngokoMgaqo-siseko; okanye
- ziqhubele phambili, ngendlela enomkhethe, injongo yeqela lopolitiko.
- Ukuze kuphunyezwe imigaqo yokusebenzela elubala nokuphendula, iikomiti zepalamente zamaqela ngamaqela mazongamele zonke iinkonzo zokhuseleko ngendlela efunwa ngumthetho wepalamente wezwelonke okanye efunwa yimigaqo nayimiyalelo yePalamente.
Ukhuselo
200. Umkhosi wokhuselo
- Umkhosi wokhuselo mawakhiwe uze uphathwe njengomkhosi wamajoni ogcin’ ucwangco.
- Injongo ephambili yomkhosi wokhuselo kukuyilwela nokuyikhusela iRiphablikhi, umhlaba wayo nabantu bayo ngokuvumelana noMgaqo-siseko nemigaqo yomthetho wamazwe ngamazwe elawula ukusetyenziswa kwezigalo.
201. Imbopheleleko eyeyopolitiko
- Ilungu leKhabhinethi malibe nembopheleleko yokhuselo.
- NguMongameli kuphela, njengentloko karhulumente wezwelonke, onokugunyaza ukutyalwa komkhosi wokhuselo–
- ngokusebenzisana namapolisa;
- ekukhuseleni iRiphablikhi;
- ekuphumezeni imbopheleleko engokwamazwe ngamazwe.
- Xa umkhosi wokhuselo utyalwa ngayo nayiphi na injongo ekhankanywe kwisiqendwana (2), uMongameli makazise iPalamente msinya, kunjalonje anike iinkcukacha ezifanelekileyo–
- ngezizathu zokutyalwa komkhosi wokhuselo;
- ngendawo otyalwa kuyo umkhosi wokhuselo;
- ngenani labantu ababandakanyekileyo;
- nangobude bexesha ekulindeleke ukuba umkhosi utyalwe.
- Ukuba iPalamente ayihlali kwisithuba seentsuku ezisixhenxe zokuqala utyaliwe umkhosi wokhuselo ngendlela ekucingwa ngayo kwisiqendwana (2), uMongameli makayinike ikomiti yokongamela efanelekileyo ingcombolo efuneka kwisiqendwana (3).
202. Igunya phezu komkhosi wokhuselo
- UMongameli njengentloko karhulumente wezwelonke unguSomagunya oyiNtloko womkhosi wokhuselo; makamisele uSomagunya womkhosi wokhuselo.
- Igunya phezu komkhosi wokhuselo malisetyenziswe ngokwemiyalelo yelungu leKhabhinethi eliphathiswe ukhuselo, phantsi kwegunya likaMongameli
203. Imeko yokhuselo lwelizwe
- UMongameli njengentloko karhulumente wezwelonke usnokubhengeza imeko yokhuselo lwelizwe, kwaye makazise iPalamente msinya kananjalo enika iinkcukacha ezifanelekileyo–
- ngezizathu zesibhengezo;
- ngendawo otyalwa kuyo umkhosi wokhuselo;
- nangenani labantu ababandakanyekileyo.
- Ukuba iPalamente ayihlalanga xa kubhengezwa imeko yokhuseleko lwelizwe, uMongameli makabizele iPalamente ekuhlaleni okungelilo ixesha eliqhelekileyo zingaphelanga iintsuku ezisixhenxe senziwe isibhengezo.
- Isibhengezo semeko yokhuselo lwelizwe siyaphelelwa ngaphandle kokuba siyavunywa yiPalamente kwisithuba seentsuku ezisixhenxe senziwe isibhengezo.
204. Abasebenzi abangengomajoni kukhuselo
- Makugunyazwe ubukho babasebenzi abangengomajoni begunyazwa ngumthetho wepalamente wezwelonke ukuba basebenze phantsi kolwalathiso lwelungu leKhabhinethi eliphathiswe ukhuselo.
Amapolisa
205. Inkonzo yobupolisa
- Inkonzo yobupolisa yezwelonke mayakhiwe ngendlela yokuba isebenze kurhulumente wezwelonke, kowamaphondo, kuze kuthi apho kufanelekileyo khona, nakoorhulumente basekuhlaleni.
- Umthetho wepalamente wezwelonke mawuxele amagunya nemisebenzi yenkonzo yobupolisa kwaye mawuyenze inkonzo yobupolisa ikwazi ukuzifeza iimbopheleleko zayo ngempumelelo, icingela iimfuneko zamaphondo.
- Iinjongo zenkonzo yamapolisa kukuthintela ulwaphulo-mthetho, ilwe nalo, iluphande, kukugcina ucwangco eluntwini, kukukhusela abemi beRiphablikhi nempahla yabo, nokuwuxhasa nokuwunyanzelisa umthetho.
206. Imbopheleleko eyeyopolitiko
-
Ilungu leKhabhinethi maliphathiswe umsebenzi wobupolisa kwaye malenze isigqibo ngenkqubo yomsebenzi wobupolisa kwilizwe lonke emva kokubonisana noorhulumente bamaphondo nokucingela iimfuno zomsebenzi wobupolisa nezinto ezifuneka kuqala kumaphondo njengoko zixelwa ngoorhulumente bamaphondo.
- Inkqubo yomsebenzi wobupolisa kwilizwe lonke isenokwenza ukuba kubekho iinkqubo ezingafaniyo kumaphondo ngamaphondo emva kokucingela iimfuno zomsebenzi wobupolisa zala maphondo.
- Iphondo ngalinye linelungelo–
- lokukubek’esweni ukuziphatha kwamapolisa;
- lokongamela ukusebenza ngempumelelo nangokutyibilikayo kwenkonzo yobupolisa, kuquka nokufumana iingxelo ngenkonzo yobupolisa ;
- lokukhuthaza ubudlelane obuhle phakathi kwamapolisa noluntu;
- lokuphonononga ukuba kusebenza ngempumelelo kangakanani na ukubonakala kwamapolisa phakathi koluntu;
- nelokuthetha nelungu leKhabhinethi eliphathiswe umsebenzi wobupolisa ngokumayela nolwaphulo-mthetho nokwenziwa komsebenzi wobupolisa kwiphondo.
- Urhulumente wephondo unembopheleleko ngemisebenzi yobupolisa–
- ayinikwe sesi Sahluko;
- abelwe yona ngokomthetho wepalamente wezwelonke;
- nabelwe yona kwinkqubo yomsebenzi wobupolisa yezwelonke.
- Ukuze liyenze imisebenzi echazwe kwisiqendwana (3), iphondo–
- lisenokuphanda, okanye limisele ikomishoni yophando, iphande ngezikhalazo zokungasebenzi kakuhle kwamapolisa okanye ngokufadalala kobudlelane phakathi kwamapolisa noluntu; kwaye
- malenze uncomelo kwilungu leKhabhinethi eliphathiswe umsebenzi wobupolisa.
- Lisakufumana isikhalazo esifakwe ngurhulumente wephondo, iqumrhu elizimeleyo lezikhalazo ngamapolisa elisekwe ngumthetho wepalamente wezwelonke maliphande ukuziphatha kakubi okubikwayo kwepolisa kwiphondo.
- Umthetho wepalamente wezwelonke mawenze ukuba kusekwe iinkonzo zobupolisa zoomasipala, uxele amagunya azo nemisebenzi yazo.
- Makusekwe ikomiti ekukho kuyo ilungu leKhabhinethi naBaphathiswa bephondo bomsebenzi wobupolisa ukuqinisekisa ukuba ilungelelaniswa ngempumelelo inkonzo yobupolisa nokuthi asebenzisana ngempumelelo amanqwanqwa oorhulumente.
- Indlu yowiso-mthetho yephondo isenokufuna ukuba umkomishinala wephondo avele phambi kwayo okanye phambi kwenye yeekomiti zayo ukuze aphendule imibuzo.
207. Ukulawulwa kwenkonzo yobupolisa
- UMongameli njengentloko karhulumente wezwelonke makamisele umntu obhinqileyo okanye umntu oyindoda ukuba abe nguMkomishinala weZwelonke wenkonzo yobupolisa, alawule inkonzo yobupolisa.
- UMkomishinala weZwelonke makayilawule inkonzo yobupolisa ngokwenkqubo yomsebenzi wobupolisa yezwelonke nangokwemiyalelo yelungu leKhabhinethi eliphathiswe umsebenzi wobupolisa.
- UMkomishinala weZwelonke, ngokuvumelana norhulumente wezwelonke, makamisele umntu obhinqileyo okanye umntu oyindoda abe ngumkomishinala wephondo kwelo phondo, kodwa ukuba uMkomishinala weZwelonke norhulumente wephondo abavumelani ngomntu omakamiselwe, ilungu leKhabhinethi eliphathiswe umsebenzi wobupolisa malilamle.
- Abakomishinala bamaphondo banembopheleleko yomsebenzi wobupolisa kumaphondo abo–
- ngendlela efunwa ngumthetho wepalamente wezwelonke;
- nangokulawulwa ligunya loMkomishinala weZwelonke lokuyilawula inkonzo yobupolisa ngokwesiqendwana (2).
- Umkomishinala wephondo makenz’ingxelo kwindlu yowiso-mthetho yephondo qho ngonyaka ngomsebenzi wobupolisa kwiphondo, kwaye makathumele ikopi yengxelo kuMkomishinala weZwelonke.
- Ukuba umkomishinala wephondo akasathenjwa ngurhulumente wephondo, urhulumente unokuqalisa amanyathelo afanelekileyo okushenxiswa okanye okufuduselwa kwenye indawo kwloo mkomishinala, okanye okumthabathel’ amanyathelo oluleko, ngokomthetho wepalamente wezwelonke.
208. Abasebenzi abangengawo amapolisa ebupoliseni
- Umthetho wepalamente wezwelonke mawenze ukuba kubekho abasebenzi abangengawo amapolisa kwinkonzo yobupolisa ukuze basebenze phantsi kolwalathiso lwelungu leKhabhinethi eliphathiswe umsebenzi wobupolisa.
Ubuntlola
209. Ukusekwa kweenkonzo zobuntlola nokulawulwa kwazo
- Nayiphi na inkonzo yobuntlola, engelilo icandelo lobuntlola lomkhosi wokhuselo okanye lenkonzo yamapolisa, inokusekwa nguMongameli kuphela, njengentloko karhulumente wezwelonke, kuphela ngokomthetho wepalamente wezwelonke.
- UMongameli njengentloko karhulumente wezwelonke makamisele umntu obhinqileyo okanye oyindoda abe yintloko yenkonzo yobuntlola nganye esekwe ngokwesiqendwana (1), kwaye makathwal’imbopheleleko eyeyopolitiko yokulawula nokwalathisa enye yezo nkonzo, okanye achonge ilungu leKhabhinethi lithwale loo mbopheleleko.
210. Amagunya, imisebenzi nokubek’ esweni
- Umthetho wepalamente wezwelonke mawulawule iinjongo, namagunya nemisebenzi yeenkonzo zobuntlola, kuquka naliphi na icandelo lomkhosi wokhuselo okanye lenkonzo yobupolisa, kwaye mawenze ukuba–
- zilungelelaniswe zonke iinkonzo zobuntlola;
- zibekw’esweni ngabantu abangengomajoni nabangengomapolisa iintsebenzo zezo nkonzo, zibekw’esweni ngumhloli omiselwe nguMongameli, njengentloko karhulumente wezwelonke, waza wavunywa ngesigqibo esamkelwe yiNdlu yoWiso-mthetho ngevoti exhasayo ubuncinane yesibini kwisithathu samalungu ayo.


text:
Coinbase yazisa isuti yemveliso zamaziko
Cryptocurrency Exchange Coinbase imemezele ngokusesikweni wamqalisa Coinbase Okugcina, imveliso ezinjongo zazo ikukuxhasa kumaziko cryptocurrency adoption.
Okugcina Coinbase i inkonzo yokugcina crypto ngqo kumaziko enkulu yemali.
Le mveliso yinxalenye isuti yemveliso zeziko kokuba umkhankaso. Coinbase wachaza isizathu sokuba wakhetha uqalise imveliso kwi kwindawo yangoku, bathi:
“Kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo phezu 100 imali uthango zadalwa ukuba kuphela imali kunye cryptocurrency yorhwebo.”
Okugcina Coinbase ibambisene nge Securities US & Exchange Commission nezilawulwa nomthengisi-Umthengisi, ngaloo kuhlanganiswa ne zophicotho wesithathu nokungqinisisa ingxelo zemali, uyahlangabezana neemfuneko “Umzuzwana kulawulwa broker-kumthengisi.”
Kraken enikela $ 1m ukuba blockchain iqela inkxaso Coin Centre
jesse Powell, CEO exchange cryptocurrency Kraken, ezinikelwe $1 million ukuya nzuzo Coin Centre ngoMvulo ebusuku kwi zegala lonyaka nobumeli kwisiXeko saseNew York. Kraken kwakhona bathembisa uzakuthelekisa naziphi umnikelo ku Coin Centre de ekupheleni kwenyanga, ixhomekeke ku $1 million.
Yaba lo mnikelo inkulu eyodwa ezenziwa Coin Centre, wathi Neeraj Agrawal, osisithethi Washington, itanki makaqonde esekelwe DC.
Bank of Zimbabwe siphelisa amaziko ezemali usebenzisa Bitcoin
I-Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe iyalele onke amaziko ezemali kweli lizwe ukuze ayeke ngoko nangoko zorhwebo okanye kokwenza kwi cryptocurrencies.
Yibhanki eyongameleyo yathi amaziko ezemali kufuneka uphume naziphi ubudlelwane ekhoyo kunye ukutshintshiselana kwemali virtual ngaphakathi 60 iintsuku uqhubeke ukuze ndithengise kwaye restitute nezikali akhawunti ekhoyo.
RBZ umbhalisi kwamaziko zebhanki, Norman Mataruka, wathi: "Njengoko oorhulumente emali, i-Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe lingumlondolozi wentembeko yoluntu kunye unesibophelelo sikhusele iinkqubo zentlawulo… i-Reserve Bank iya kuqhubeka esweni ngokusondeleyo zengingqi nezehlabathi iziganeko cryptocurrency ukuze kwaziswe nolawulo lomgaqo-nkqubo. "
inkulu Upbit cryptocurrency exchange eKorea qinisekisa bonke imali ngokwenene
UPbit iye yaqinisekisa zonke iimali zayo cryptocurrency ngokwenene, njengoko ingxelo kuqala @CryptoOfKorea.
inkulu cryptocurrency exchange South Korea iye ubhengeze ukuba ayizange ukwqhatha imali umsebenzisi undilalanise zimali.
Thai arhoxise ilungelo lakhe lokufuna 7% IVAT abathengisa crypto qinisekisa 15% tax cap uzuza
ISebe Thailand Revenue luza ukuzirhoxisa irhafu-ntengo (VAT) kubantu norhwebo cryptocurrencies kwiimarike exchange eyamkelwe Securities and Exchange Commission (sec).
A umthetho omtsha olawula neentengiselwano cryptocurrency weza ukusebenza ngo May 14. Saroch Thongpracum, umlawuli yesebe imicimbi yomthetho, uthe inkundla iya kukhupha ummiselo yabaculi VAT 7-per cent abatyalimali ngamnye ukunciphisa umthwalo wabo werhafu.
Abantu baya kuhlawula nesenti 15--nganye yerhafu inzuzo, eyaziwa njenge irhafu khomiwa, kwingeniso efunyenwe kwi intengiselwano.
Cryptocurrency exchange BitOasis Kumiswe notsalo eyake
exchange Dubai-based BitOasis uye imisiwe UAE Dirham / BTC trading, bephawula imiba ebhankini inkonzo exchange ngokwayo.
wathunyelwa Unxibelelwano kubasebenzisi BitOasis izolo ukuba ukuqala ngolwesiBini, akukho dirham nangaphezulu kuyekiswe exchange, eshiya abasebenzisi abane namhlanje kuphela ukuba belinganisela kwenye okanye phezulu it up with dirham ngaphezulu uma oyifunayo.
kungoku nje, akukho mhla ukuba ekuvuseleleni etsalwe dirham kunye needipozithi yi transfer wire.
LedgerX Ukuhlaziywa ujongano lomsebenzisi Bitcoin iinketho zorhwebo
Bitcoin ahlobene platform LedgerX uqala entsha, interface lula okuvumela Bitcoin abatyali bayayifumana inzala nemfuyo yabo.
Le nkonzo entsha, wamemezela ngoLwesibili, isebenza ngendlela efanayo neentlobo zayo Bitcoin umnxeba ekhoyo kunye ubuso umsebenzisi iimeko kubatyali-mali, ngokutsho LedgerX umongameli kunye negosa eliyintloko lomngcipheko Juthica Chou.
Chou wachaza:
“Kwaye sibona ngakumbi imfuno ngakumbi kubantu abafuna ukuba uthole uhlobo umdla off Bitcoin wabo, liboleke abanye ayifani ncam Kungokwemvelo kubantu – ingakumbi zizinike apho bayayifumana inzala yabo emva Bitcoin. Ngoko ukuba ubona nxaxheba sibuyele norhwebo.”


text:
1. I-tattoo yaseRose ehlangothini lomnxeba inika amantombazana ibhenkce kwaye ayathandeka
Amantombazana, ngokukodwa abembethe iifutshane ezimfutshane kunye neengubo ezimfutshane baya ku-tattoo i-Rose emathangeni abo ukuze babenze bethandane kwaye banomdla.
2. I-tattoo yaseRose kwisalathisi ibangela ukubukeka okumangalisayo
Amantombazana aBrown aya kuthanda i-black ink inkqubo I-tattoo i-tattoo engalo yabo; lo mdwebo we tattoo kubangela ukuba babonakale bemangalisa kwaye behle
3. I-tattoo ye-Rose kunye nobunji be-inkki ebomvu kwinqanaba elingaphantsi linika amantombazana ukuba akhangele.
Amantombazana aya kuhamba i-Rose tattoo kunye neprojekthi yengubo ebomvu kwinqanaba elingaphantsi, lo mdwebo we tattoo ubanika ukubukeka okuthabathayo.
4. I-tattoo yaseRose kwisalathisi esezantsi yenza ukuba ibhinqa libukeke lithandekayo
Abafazi baseBrown bathanda uRose tattoo kwisalathsi esezantsi; lo mdwebo we tattoo kubangela ukuba babonakale bekhangele kwaye banomtsalane
5. I-tattoo yaseRose kwisalathisi esezantsi ibukeka ngendlela ekhangayo
Amantombazana aseBrown aya kuthanda i-ink inkinobho ebomnyama Rose tattoo kwisandla sabo esezantsi; lo mdwebo we tattoo kubangela ukuba babonakale bemangalisa kwaye behle
6. I-tattoo yaseRose ngasemva kufuneka yenze intombazana ibonakale ithandeka
Ladies baya kuhamba nge tattoo iRose kwimbuyiselo yabo. Oku kubanika ukubukeka okubonakalayo kuluntu
7. Inkcazo ye-ink ye-Brown ye tatto kwi-belly yamantombazana yenza ukuba babonakale bekhangele
Amadoda enesikhumba somzimba oqaqambileyo aya ku-inkino ebomdaka, i-Rose tattoo design kwi-belly side ukuze abonakale bekhangelekile
8. Ukubunjwa kwimibala ebomvu ye-tattoo yaseRose esandleni sokuba intombazana ibonakale iyathandeka
Amantombazana athanda olu hlobo olubomvu lwe-tattoo kwi-Rose tattoo esandleni. Ukubunjwa kwe tattoo kubangela ukuba bajonge ngakumbi
9. I-tattoo yaseRose kwisalathisi esezantsi yenza intombazana ibonakale imangalisa
Amantombazana athanda ukuba ne-tattoo kwi-ingalo ephantsi. Ukubunjwa kwe tattoo kubangela ukubukeka kwabo
10. I-tattoo yaseRose kwiphahla elingemuva ne-ebomvu nelinen eluhlaza yenza inkwenkwe ibonakale imnandi
Amantombazana athanda i-tattoo ye-Rose kwiphahla elingasemva elubomvu kunye ne-ink inkca; lo mdwebo we tattoo ubangela ukuba bajonge
11. I-tattoo ye-Rose yabasetyhini kunye ne-ink yarn ekhanyayo yenza ukuba babonakale behle
Abafazi baseBrown bahlala behamba nge-Rose tattoo ehlombe kunye ne-ink eneklabhu ekhanyayo; lo mdwebo we tattoo wenza ukuba babonakale bebukhali kwaye bahle
12. I-tattoo yaseRose ehlombe izisa ukujonga okuthabathayo
Amantombazana agqoke ama-blouses angenamikhono athande ukufumana i-Rose tattoo design ehlombe. Oku kwenza ukuba bajonge ngakumbi
13. I-tattoo ye-Rose engxenyeni engezantsi inikezela abantu abathinjwa ukuba babonakale kumantombazana
Amantombazana, egqoke ama-blouses amancinci angamakhono aya ku-tattoo kwi-Rose engxenyeni engezantsi ukuze aphumelele ekubanjweni kwabo


text:
Ifolosi yeBidvest Wits, uPhakamani Mahlambi nomqeqeshi weMamelodi Sundowns, uPitso Mosimane, bathiwe jize ngamawonga okuba ngumdlali nomqeqeshi ogqwesileyo benyanga edlulileyo.
UMahlambi, 18, sisitshovu-tshovu esizibalule ngokufaka amagowuli amane kwiWits kule sizini, wadlala kakuhle kwi-Under 23. “Khange ndikholelwe xa kuthwa ndim.
Ndiyambulela umqeqeshi wam kunye noogxa bam,” utshilo uMahlambi esamkela iwonga. UPitso uthathe iTelkom Cup, iqela lakhe liphezulu kwiPS L, akakoyiswa kwishumi elinesine lemidlalo.
“Mandibulele kwabo bathe bachonga mna. Mandimhalalisele uPhakamani Mahlambi naye.
Baninzi abantu abanegalelo kweli wonga, ngakumbi abadlali. Into yam kukulamkela nje egameni le qela lam,” utshilo uPitso.


text:
U-Winnie Madikizela Mandela
U-Winnie Madikizela-Mandela (wazalwa u-Nomzamo Winifred Zanyiwe Madikizela; 26 Eyomsintsi 1936 – 2 Tshazimpuzi 2018) ogama lakhe lobuntombi inguWinifred Zanyiwe Madikizela, wazalwa ngomhla wama-26 kweyomSintsi (kuSeptemba) ka1936. Xa sithetha ngale nzwakazi sithetha ngetsha-ntliziyo kwezopolitiko elibambe izikhundla ezininzi apha kulo rhulumente wentando yesininzi. Ukwakhokhele umbutho wamanina kaKhongolose. Ukwalelinye lamalungu aphambili esigqeba sekomiti yeANC. Wafa ngo-2 we-Epreli 2018 e-Goli.
Contents
Iqela lokuqala[tshintsha | edit source]
Ebutsheni bakhe Thuli[tshintsha | edit source]
uMam’uWinnie wazalelwa eMbizana eMpuma Koloni ngomhla wamashumi amabini anesi thandathu(26) kweyoMsintsi ngonyaka we-1936. Waza wasutywa kukufa eRhawutini ngomhla wesibini kuTshazimpunzi ngemini yangoMvulo, ngonyaka wama- 2018.
uMam’uWinnie umele isizukulwana seenkokheli zeli loMzantsi-Afrika kunye nabantu basetyhini abantsundu abebejongene nenkohlakalo yombuso wengcinezelo ngenxa yezenzo zabo zopolitiko .Wanyamezela ukuxhatshazwa ezandleni zamapolisa okhuseleko engcinezelo ngexa ejongene nokungcungcutheka ngethuba esentolongweni. Noxa wayenyamezele iintlungu ezingenako ukulityalwa, akazange azivumele ukuba zimohlukanisa nobutsha-ntliziyo kunye nobuntu bakhe. Kude kwasekupheleni, uMam’uWinnie ephakamisa ilizwi lakhe ekuxhaseni utshintsho olubalulekileyo kuluntu lwase Mzantsi Afrika. Wayebanga umthetho wentlalo, waphela emela iminqweno namaphupha abo bahluphekayo nabasweleyo belizwe lethu.
Iqela lesi-7[tshintsha | edit source]
Amawonga neembasa[tshintsha | edit source]
Emveni konyaka we-1994, wachongwa nje ngosekela Mphathiswa wobugcisa, inkcubeko, nzululwazi nobuchwepheshe. Kunyaka we-1984, washicelela incwadi ethi-Part Of My Soul waphinda ngonyaka wama-2013 washicelela incwadi ethi-491: Prisoner Number 1323/69 eyayibhekiswe kumzukulwana wakhe ongasekhoyo uZenani. Isekelwe kwi-jenali awayibhala ngemfihlo ngexesha lakhe eseluvalelweni. Kule ncwadi, uthetha ngentlungu ngokuhlukaniswa nabantwana bakhe nange ndlela eyambumba ngayo wabanguye. Umama u-Winnie wayelibhinqa lase-Afrika elizingcayo elazondelela ekulweni ukungabikho kobulungisa kwilizwe lakhe. Wayesazi ukuba yayingumsebenzi ongenambulelo kwaye zange anyamezele ubunzima ngeenjongo zokuzuza uzuko, koko wayefuna inkululeko yabantu bakhe. Wazimelisa uninzi lolutsha lamatsha-ntliziyo elalizibandekanye nenkululeko nobulungisa eluntwini. Ngale ndima wawongwa njengoMongameli obekekileyo wanaphakade we-Congress Of South African Students. Umama u-Winnie ushiya ngasemva: IiNkosazana ezibekekileyo uZenani Dlamini noZindziswa Mandela; abazukulwana bakhe: uZaziwe, uZamaswazi, uZinhle, uZoleka, uZondwa, uBambatha, uZozuko and uZwelabo: isizukulwane sakhe: uZiyanda, uZiphokazi, uZwelami, uZamakhosi, uZazi, uZiwelane, uZenkosi, uZanyiwe, uZinokuhle, uZiyalo noZenzelwe.
Iqela lesibini[tshintsha | edit source]
Ebutsheni bakhe[tshintsha | edit source]
Umama uWinnie wazalwa ngutata uColumbus Kokani nomama uGetrude Nomathamsanqa Madikizela ababe ngabafundisi-ntsapho. Ebutsheni bakhe waye wafudukela eRhawutini nalapho wabangunontlalo-ntle wezempilo ontsundu wokuqala kwisibhedlele saseSoweto iChris Hani Baragwanath esasisaziwa njenge Baragwanath ngoko. Uphando kwizinga lokubhubha kweentsana kwilokisi yase Alexandra eRhawutini kwakunye namanye amava engcinezelo eMzantsi Afrika athi amtsalela ukuba abe litsha-ntliziyo. Ngomhla we-14 kwinyanga yeSilimela ngonyaka we-1958 wazimanya ngeqhina lomtshato notata uNelson Rholihlahla Mandela, baza balizwa ngeentombi ezimbini, uZenani noZindziswa. Ukuxhatshazwa kwabo ngamapolisa, iintlanganiso zombutho we ANC, izenzo zoqhankqalazo kwakunye namatyala omthetho yaba zizinto ezathi zaphembelela iingxaki kubomi babo bokuqala emtshatweni.
Ingcinezelo[tshintsha | edit source]
Kwinyanga yeDwarha kunyaka we-1958, umama uWinnie wathabatha inxaxheba kumngcelele wabantu basetyhini olwaluququzelelwe ngumama uLillian Ngoyi, umama uAlbertina Sisulu kwakunye nabanye. Ngexesha lomngcelele amapolisa aye abamba abantu basetyhini abangaphezulu kwe Waka. Umama uWinnie nabanye bachitha iiveki ezimbini entolongweni nje ngophawu lokuqhubekeka nomngcelele. Yaba sesi siganeko esakhokelelwa ekubeni umama uWinnie abe yinkokheli ephume izandla kwezopolitiko.
Iqela lesithathu[tshintsha | edit source]
Ixesha lengcinezelo[tshintsha | edit source]
Ebedlala indima yobukhokheli kuphulo lwe ‘We stand by our leaders’ exhasa amabanjwa onyaka we-1956 ukuya kunyaka we-1991. Phakathi kwamathenjwa akhe kwakukho umama uNgoyi ehamba nomama uHelen Joseph ingabo bobabini abantu basetyhini ababebekwe ityala. Ukusukela ngo-1961 ebexhomekeke kwinqubo zemiyalelo ezisemthethweni eziphantse azaphazanyiswa, eziye zamvalela isakhono sakhe sokusebenza nokunxibelelana. Ngo-1962 uye walahlekelwa ngumnyeni wakhe owayevalelwe ixesha elide entilongweni waze wadibana naye ngo-1990. Umama uWinnie wayesoloko exhatshazwa, engcungcuthekiswa. Kwaye abantwana bakhe babengamaxhoba ngo-1962. Wayengavumelekanga phantsi kwe-Suppression of Communission Act, ngexesha wayevalelekile e-Orlando, eSoweto.
Iqela lesine[tshintsha | edit source]
Le nto yathintela iintshukumo zakhe kwisithili soomantyi sase-Johannesburg, amvalela ekungeneni kwiingcango zemfundo kwakunye nasekuthabatheni inkxaxheba athethe nakweyiphi na intlanganiso akanye imihlangano enabantu abangaphezulu kwesibini.Wasebenzela i-ANC emfihlakalweni ehamba iintlanganiso washicilela ehambisa amaphetshana phantsi kovalelo lwasendlini ngonyaka we-1970. Ngenxa yokuphinda-phinda ukuphikisana nemithetho awayeyinikiwe, ngonyaka we-1965 wabaqatha umthetho omthintela ukuba ahambe aphume e-Orlando West. Iziphumo zale mithetho yabakukuphulukana nomsebenzi wakhe nje ngonontlalontle. Ngobusuku bomhla we-12 kuTshazimpuzi ngonyaka we-1969, uMam’Winnie nosapho lwakhe bavuswa yingxolo eqhelekileyo yokugaleleka kwamapolisa. Amapolisa amohlukanisa nabantwana bakhe phantsi komthetho wonyaka we-1967 wobunqolobi. Waye wohlwaywa ngokubekwa yedwa iintsuku ezingama-491 ( ezizinyanga ezili-17) phantsi komgaqo wobunqolobi.
Iqela lesihlanu[tshintsha | edit source]
Ngethuba umama uWinnie akhululwe ngalo entolongweni, kubekho imithetho engqingqwa eyayirhintyela intshukumo zakhe. Ngaphandle kwezithintelo zomthetho, ukwazile ukuyombona umyeni wakhe eRobben island ixesha elingangemizuzu engamashumi amathathu. Kwinyanga kaCanzibe ngonyaka we-1973, waye wabanjwa wanikwa isigwebo seenyanga ezilishume elinambini kwintolongo egamalayo liyi Kroonstad Women’s Prison. Uye wakhululwa emva kwenyanga ezintandathu ngokothusayo imithetho yorhintyelo ngakuye zange ihlaziywe. Umama uWinnie uye wasebenzisana noGqirha Nthato Motlana ekuseka iSoweto Parents Association ngonyaka we-1976 kwinyanga kaCanzibe. Babexakekile lulutsha kunye nabazali ababebanjiwe, nabalimeleyo kuqhankqalazo kunye nababuleweyo kwinyanga yeSilimela kunyaka we-1976. Emveni kokulandelela uqhankqalazo lwabafundi eSoweto, waye wabaselugcinweni ngaphandle kokubekwa ityala kangangeenyanga ezintlanu ze kweyoMqungu ngonyaka we-1977 wanikwa imithetho emitsha emnyanzelisayo ukuba aye elubhacweni eBredfort kwiphondo lase Freyistata.
Inguqulelo kwiDemokhrasi[tshintsha | edit source]
Ngazo zonke iindlela, ukunqunyaniselwa kukamama uWinnie eBrandfort kwabuyelisa umva abacinezeli. Ngethuba wayeseBrandfort wamisela iiprojecti eziliqela kuquka iiprojecti zolimo, ezempilo, ezothungo lwempahla, ezogcino lwabantwana, iprojecti yokuphekela abantu abangathathi ntweni, wavula nekhaya lokugcina abantwana abangenabazali nabantwana abophula imithetho. Umama uWinnie akazange awuthobele umthetho owayewumiselwe, waze wabuyela eSoweto kwiminyaka yama-1980 wadlala indima enkulu kakhulu kumzabalazo ochasa ingcinezelo. Iminyaka yama-1980 yaphawulwa ngumzabalazo woluntu nayimfumba yabantu abathatha inxaxheba kulo mzabalazo kuMzantsi Afrika jikelele, ikhokhelwa ngumama uWinnie ubuqu, eSoweto. uRhulumente wengcinezelo wabuyisela ngobundlobongela obumandla kuba waye wafaka amajoni kwiilokishi wabhengeza izimo zokungxamisiseka ezimbini. Ukuzimisela kukamama uWinne kumzabalazo woluntu ingakumbi owabasetyhini, kwamkhokhela ekubeni onyulwe ngonyaka we-1993 abengumongameli wombutho wamanina we-ANC kwaye emva koko waphinda wonyulwa kwakhona leliqela ngonyaka we-1997 waliphatha de kwafika unyaka wama-2003.


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IJamani
IJamani lelinye lamazwe aseYurophu.
i-Jamani ngokwasesikweni lilizwe leengqokolela zamaphondo eRiphabhlikhi azilawula phantsi kwekomkhulu iJamani (IsiJamani: Bundesrepublik Deutschland, libizwa ngolu hlobo ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant), yipalamente yeriphabhlikhi ezimeleyo kumbindi-ntshona waseYurophu. eli "lizwe" linamazwana ali-16 ize ikomkhulu lalo nesona sixeko sikhulu ibe yi-Berlin. I-Jamani ithathe umhlaba ongangama-357,021 eekhilomitha (137,847 sq mi) kwaye imozulu itshintsha qho. Linabahlali abazizigidi ezingama-80.6, nto leyo yenza okokuba libe lelona lizwe laziwayo kwiManyano yaseYurophu. I-Jamani yongamele ngamandla kwezoqoqosho nakwezopolitiko lwelizwekazi laseYurophu kwaye yinkokheli kwezembali kumasiko amanizni, ulwazi, nakwimiba yobuchwepheshe.
Intlanga-ngeentlanga zamaJamani zizinze kwindawo kungoku nje ebizwa ngokuba yiJamani esemaNtla kunye nomzantsi Scandinavia ukususela kwiminyaka yakudala-dala. Ingingqi ekuthiwa yi-Jamaniya yaashicilelwa ngamaRoma phambi ko-AD 100. Ngexesha lokuFuduka elathi langqamana ukuphela kobuKumkani bamaRomanokuphela kobuKumkani bamaRoma]], iintlanga zamaJamani zathi zanda ngakumazantsi de azifumanela izikumkani kwiindawo ezininzi eYurophu. Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-10, iingingqi zaseJamani zenza iziko lobukumkani bamaRoma aNgcwele. [16] Ngenkulungwane ye-16, iingqi zasentshona Jamani zaba l[[iziko labaqhankqalazela ukwakhiwa ngokutsha kobuKristu. Uzinzo kwiminyaka yeeMfazwe zikaNapoleon, ukuvela kwe-''Pan-Germanism'' ngaphakathi kuManyano lwamaJamani kwaba ngunozala womanyano lwamazwe amaninzi aseJamani kubuKumkani bamaJamani ngo-1871, phantsi kolawulo lwase-Prussia.
Emva koVukelo-mBuso lwaseJamani ngo-1918–1919 nangokunikezela komkhosi okwakulandelelana kwiMfazwe yoku-1 yeHlabathi, ubuKumkani basuswa kwafakwa ipalamente yeriphabhlikhi kaWeimer ngo-1918 yaza yalahlekelwa yinxalenye yeengingqi zayo kwisivumelwano soxolelwaniso saseVersailles. Nangona ngeli xesha yayitshila phambili kwimibandela yophando nakweyamasiko, iJamani yathi yathwaxwa kanobom kukugungqa kwezoqoqosho nakwezopolitiko kwathi kona ngexesha lembandezelo eNkulu kwanga kuthelwe ityuwa enxebeni. Ukufumaneka kwesiZwe sesiThathu okanye koburhulumente baseNazi]] ngo-1933 ekugqibeleni kwakhokelela kwiMfazwe yesi-2 yeHlabathi nakwi''Holocaust''. emva ko-1945, iJamani yahlulwa-hlulwa yaza yahlalwa zizizwe zeMvisiswano kumazwe amabini, Kwimpuma-Jamani nakwiNtshona-Jamani. Ngo-1990, ilizwe laphinda lamanyana.
I-Jamani ililizwe lesi-ne ngoqoqosho oluphezulu ngokwe-nominal GDP kwihlabathi lonke liphela ize iphinde ibelilizwe lesihlanu elinamandla okuthenga athe chatha. Njengentshali yehlabathi kwiinkampani zemveliso nezeteknoloji]] lilizwe lesibini ubukhulu ekuthumeleni iimpahla kwamanye amazwe iphinde ibe lelesithathu ubukhulu ilizwe elirhweba impahla kwamanye amazwe lize nayo ekhaya. Lilizwe eliphuhlileyo kunjalo umgangatho wentlalo yakhona uxhomile, uneempawu zokhuseleko lwentalo oluluqilima olubandakanya inkqubo ejongene nezempilo nekuyinkqubo yakudala yehlabathi lonke jikelele. Laziwa ngokutyeba kwezamasiko nakwezembali yezopolitiko, iJamani ibisakuba likhaya leengcali ezinefuthe, abadidiyeli beengoma, abaphandi, kunye nabayili. I-Jamani yayililungu labaphandi ekuhlaleni kwaseYurophu ngo-1957, apho yaba yi-EU ngo-1993. Ikwayinxalenye yengingqi [iSchengen|yaseSchengen]], kwaye ibe ililungu le-eurozone ukususela ngo-1999. I-Jamani ingamandla amakhulu, ikwalilungu leziZwe eziManyeneyo, le-NATO, le-G8, le-G20, e-OECD kunye nososiba waseYurophu.
Imfundo ngemvelaphi yamagama nokutshintsha-tshintsha kwentsingiselo ywo ngokuhamba kweminyaka[tshintsha | edit source]
Igama elibhalwe ngesiNgesi elithi Germany lisuka kwigama lesiLatini elithi Germania, gama elo elaqala ukusetyenziswa emva kokuba uJulius Ceasar wathi waliphakamisela abantu basempuma yeRhine.[17] Eyona icacileyo, yoyokokuba ngu-Gauls owaqalayo ukubiza abantu ukuba bawele impuma yeRhine Germani (neyathi yasetyenziswa ngamaRoma) njengoko uhlanga lwemveli lwamaJamani lwalungazibizi ngamaGermanus okanye amaGermani. Ngoko ke eli gama lasetyenziswa kuphela kumhlaba wamaRoma kwaye lanika intsingiselo ethe chatha kubantu ababeyixhasa impuma yeRhine kunye/okanye umntla weDanube. [18] Igama lesiJamani elithi Deutschland (ngokwemveli diutisciu land, "umhlaba wamaDatshi") lisuka kwisiDatshi, isizukulwana esisuka kuluntu lwamaDatshi akudala olwaziwayo(i.e. bengamaDiot okanye "amaDiota"), lisetyenziselwa ukwahlula ulwimi lwabantu nje kwisilatini nakwisizukulwana samaRoma. Kwakhona kusukwa kuluntu lwama-Proto-Germanic *þiudiskaz (jonga nakwindlela yesiLatini i-Theodiscus), isuka kuhlanga lwamaYurophu olungama-Proto-Indo, abantetho isisiProto-Indo-European.
Imbali[tshintsha | edit source]
Elona phepha: Imbali yaseJamani
Iintlanga zaseJamani nezasebukumkanini bamaFranki[tshintsha | edit source]
Awona maphepha: Ixesha lokufuduka kwamaJamaniya Kwinkulungwane yesibini - kweyesihlanu kufudukwa eYurophu
I-Jamani yathi yabaluleka yaziwa ngokokuba bubuKukumkani babaRoma aNgcwele kwisiZwe samaJamani, yaba ke 'isisizwe' sokuqala, igama elithi 'isizwe' sihlandlo lithetha 'ubuKumkani'. Laqalwa ngumfo ka-Charlemagne nowaba yiKumkani yokuqala yamaRoma aNgcwele kwiminyaka engama-800 yandulukayo iNkosi (800 AD), lagcinwa ke de kwayiminyaka engama-1806, elo ke lixesha leeMfazwe zikaNapoliyoni.
UbuKumkani besibini baqala ngesivumelwano soxolo esasingo-1871 e-Versailles.[13] elona lizwe likhulu kubuKumkani bamaJamani obutsha kwaba yi-Prussia. IiKumkani zasePrussia nazo zazikwaz"iziKumkani zamaJamani", kodwa ke zona zazingazibizi ngee"Kumkani zas"eJamani". Babubuninzi obunye ubukumkani, obamaDyoki, nobamaRhiphabhliki, bungekho se-Austria. IJamani yabubamba ubukumkani kwade kwayiminyaka engaphaya kwama-50.
Isivumelwano somanyano senziwa emva kokuba iJamani iphumelele kwiMfazwe eyayiphakathi kwe-Fransi ne-Prussia ngo-1871. KwiMfazwe yokuQala kwiHlabathi, iJamani yajoyina i-Austriya-ne-Hungari, nazo zathi makuliwe ne-France.[13] Imfazwe yayihamba okonyawo lonwabu ngakwicala lasentshona kunjalo nje uqhutywa ngokwembiwa kwemisele ukuze oyele khona amaqela ekwakusiliwa nawo, amajoni ayezikhusela ngokumba imingxuma apha emhlabeni. Abamaninzi amadoda awawayo macala omabini. Empuma amajoni ayesilwa amadabi awo namaRussia aza amaJamani aluphumelela elo dabi lwasemntla emva kokuba amaRussia enikezele. Imfazwe yaphela ngo-918 kuba iJamani yayingenakuyiphumelela imfazwe entshona ngoko ke yayingafuni ukusoloko ithumela amajoni ayo ukuba aye kufa, baza ke ubuKumkani baseJamani banikezela ngamandla abo. [13] IJamani yabanemiqathango eqatha ngakumbi, yaza ke ngoko iFransi yayithabathela kuyo i-Alsace iyixutha kwi-Jamani. Emva koqhankqalazo novukelo, ubuKumkani besibini baphela kwabe sele kuqalisa iRhiphabhlikhi yorhulumente wesininzi yase-Weimar.
Emva kweMfazwe, zabaninzi iingxaki zemali eJamani ngenxa yesivumelwano soxolelwaniso lwase-Versailles (xolelwaniso olo olwenza okokuba iJamani ihlawule iindleko zeMfazwe yokuQala kwiHlabathi) kunye nesoxinzelelo olukhulu lweHlabathi.
Obesithathu ubuKumkani yaba bobombutho waseJamani iNazi; owathatha iminyaka eli-12, ukusukela ngomyaka ka-1933 ukuya kumnyaka ka-1945.[15] Baqala emva kokuba uHitler wathi wabekwa njengentloko kaRhulumente. Ngomhla wama-23 kuMatshi ngo-1933, ipalamente (eyayibizwa ngokuba yi-Reichstag) yamisa umthetho ekwakusithiwa yi-Enabling Act, yile mithetho eyenza okokuba urhulumente kaHitler enze imithetho yayo ngokwayo ngaphandle kkokonganyelwa yi-Reichstag. Oku kwamenza okokuba abenegunya lolawulo lolupheleleyo lwalo rhulumente. [16]singatsho ngokupheleleyo okokuba uHitler wabanguzwilakhe kulawulo lwakhe.
UHitler wafuna ukuwamanya onke amazwe aseJamani abesisizwe esinye, wakwenza oku kuzo zonke iindawo ezihlala amaJamani, ezifana ne-Austria kunye ne-Czechoslovakia, enye yeendawo zeRhipublikhi zase Jamani; kwakhona nanko uUHitler efuna umhlaba wasePoland Poland, umhlaba owawukhe waphantsi kolawulo lwaseJamani phambi ko-1918. Yala i-Poland ukuwuuyisela kuye umhlaba. Ukuhlaselwa kwePoland kwaqala kwimfazwe yesBini eyaba ngomhla woku-1 kweyoMsintsi ngowe-1939. Ukuqala kweMfazwe, Yayibonakalisa impumelelo iJamani. Yakwazi ukuthabathela kuyo uninzi lomhlaba osemantla nasentshona Yurophu. Kodwa ke, iJaamani yathi yahlasela ibhunga elimanyeneyo laseSoviet ngo-1941 kwaza, emva kwedabi laseKursk, iwela ekumntla Jamani laqala lachul'ukunyathela de kwaba iya esiphelweni imfazwe. Ngomhla we-8 kuCanzibe ngo-1945,iJamani yanikezela emva kokuba iBerlin yathi yafunyanwa, kwiveki engambi koko uHitler wazibulala. ngenxa yeMfazwe, iJamani yaphulukana noninzi lomhlaba wayo osempuma kumgca omdala oseNeiße, waza wathi kwiminyaka engama-45, iJamani yahlukana kubini kwabakho iJamani eseNtshona neJamani eseMpuma.
Ngo-1999 kwabakho inkqubo yokwenziwa ngokutsha kumntla Jamani, neyathi yakhokhelela ekubeni kuvulwe indawo eyayibizwa ngokuba luDonga lwaseBerlin nasekupheleni komthetho wentlalo eJamani. Ezi ziganeko zaziwa ngokokuba lutshintsho olukhawulezileyo lwe Wende okanye iFriedliche (utshintsho olungoxolo)eJamani. Emva koko, umNtla-Jamani waamanyana neNtshona Jamani ngo-[17] Ijamani entsha yinxalenye yombutho waseYurophu.
- REDIRECT eJamani


text:
Malunga
Yintoni inkqubo ye-Oxford Global Languages?
I-Oxford Global Languages (OGL) liphulo elikhulu le-OUP lokwakha amancedo abhaliweyo eelwimi ezi-100 zehlabathi nokuzenza zibekho kwi-intanethi. Okokuqala ngqa, inani elikhulu lezinga yenkcazelo yolwimi lwendidi ezininzi zeelwimi eziza kuyilwa ngokolandelwano, ziqokelwe, zize zenziwe zibekho, zidityaniswe kwindawo enye, kwizithethi, kubafundi nakubaphuhlisi. Injongo yale nkqubo kukutshintsha amava ezigidi zabantu ehlabathini lonke ngokwenza isiqulatho solwimi lwabo sibekho ngokohlobo oludijithali, kwiiwebhusayithi, kwiiaphu, nakwizixhobo neenkonzo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo.
Iphulo le-OGL liza:
- Kwakha isiqulatho ngokunxulumene neelwimi ezisetyenziswayo, kuquka ukwahluka nokuyelelana kwazo, ukuzibhala ngokwendlela ezisetyenziswa ngayo namhlanje
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ZIZIPHI IILWIMI EZIZA KUQUKWA?
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I-Oxford Global Languages isungule isayithi yayo yeelwimi ezimbini, isiZulu isiSuthu saseMntla, ngo 2015, iilwimi ezi-10 ziye zalandela kunyaka wokuqala, kunye nezingakumbi ezongezwayo kwiminyaka embalwa elandelayo.
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Ukuzibandakanya kwabahlali
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Ubugcisa
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Uthumo
Injongo ye-OUP njengesebe leYunivesithi yaseOxford kukwandisa ulwazi nokufunda kwiimpapasho zayo ezisemagqabini.
Phawula: Iziko lenkcazelo yolwimi kule webhusayithi yaqala ukupapashwa yi-Oxford University Press Southern Africa Pty (Ltd) ngo 2014 njenge-Oxford Bilingual School Dictionary: IsiXhosa nesiNgesi (umhleli oyintloko nguMary Reynolds, ummeli womhleli oyintloko nguG-M de Schryver) ibe ziqukwe apha ngokuvumelana nabakwa-OUPSA. © Oxford University Press Southern Africa Pty (Ltd) 2014, kuquka uluhlu lwamagama aziintloko kwisiNgesi nakwisiXhosa.
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