text:
Akanfoɔ
- Wɔatwerɛ nsɛm wei ɛwɔ Asante kasa mu
Akanfoɔ yɛ abusuakuo kɛse bi a wɔka Tano kasahorow no. Mpenpii no, wobehunu Akanfuo wɔ oman Ghana anaafoɔ. Abakɔsem kyerɛ a, Akanfoɔ a wɔnkyi firi Ghana man mu no, wɔn mu pii nso wɔ Ivory Coast man no mu. Akan kasa no, (ɛyɛ Twi/Fante/Akyem/Akuapem) yɛ kasahorow bi a ɛwɔ Potou-Tano abusuakuo ketewa mu na wɔn nyinaa firi Niger-Kongo abusua kɛse no mu.[1]
Akan abusua nkyekyɛmu.
- Asante, Akuapem, Akwamu, Kwahu, ɛne Akyem (ne nyinaa kabom ɛyɛ Twi kasa), Agona, Wassa, Fante (Mfantse: Anomabo, Abura, Gomoa) ɛne Bono.
- Bia abusuakuo nkyekyɛmu no yɛ: Anyinfoɔ, Baoulefoɔ, Anufofoɔ, Sefwifoɔ, Nzemafoɔ, Ahantafoɔ ɛne Gywira-Pepsafoɔ. Yɛhwɛ Akanfoɔ abusakuo yi nyinaa a, wɔn amamere edi nsɛ. Ade baako a ɛda nso wɔ Akan abusuakuo no nyinaa mu ne sɛ, wɔn nyinaa edi ɛna de.
ɛnam sɛ abrofo bɛdii Ghanafoɔ so na wɔde wɔn yɛɛ nkoa nti no, ɛne yi, yɛbehunu Akan abusuakuo yi bi wɔ Amerika abrokyireman no mu. Abakɔsem kyere a, nkoa yɛde wɔn firi Gold Coast kɔ abrokyireman mu no, emu nkyekyɛmu bɛyɛ oha mubupɛn du (10%) na ɛye akanfoɔ. Ade baako a ɛma Akanfoɔ de mu na ɛma yɛfrɛ wɔn sikafoɔ ene sɛ, Akanfoɔ wɔ sikakɔkɔɔ (gold) bebree. ɛnam ntɔkwa pii a esii Asantefoɔ ne fantefoɔ ntam nti no, ɛmaa abrofo no akwanya ma wɔ kyekye Akanfoɔ beberee de wɔn yɛɛ nkoa. Koromantee asrafoɔ ene Akanfoɔ a wabɛyɛ nkoaa no de pem so yiye paa esan sɛ na akanfoɔ no pɛ wɔn fahodeɛ. Akanfoɔ yɛ abusuakuo bi a na wɔn ani ɛdin yiye paa enti sɛ enɛ yi, wokɔ Amerika man no mu, na wohunu Maroons abusuakuo no a, wobehunu sɛ ampa wɔn ase firi akanman mu.
AbakɔsemSesa
ɛfiri 15th century de kosi 19th century no, ɛdwuma a na Akanfoɔ yɛ no sɛ, wotu fɛm agudie na wɔsan so de dwa kɛse paa wɔn oman no mu. Na efiri 17th century hɔ kɔ no dierr, na akanfoɔ abɛyɛ abusakuo a wɔwɔ tumi kɛse paa wɔ Abibiman nyinaa mu.[2][3][4]
Owura Peter Bakewell kyerɛ a, baeɛ a na akanfoɔ di wɔn sikakɔkɔɔ ho adwuma no gyina Komoe ne esuo Frao ntam. Baeɛ akɛseɛ mmiɛnsa a na wɔde sikakɔkɔɔ ho adwuma no yɛ Akanfoɔ, Bambukfoɔ ɛne Bure sikakɔkɔɔ baeɛ.[5]
Sikakɔkɔɔ a na ɛwɔ Gold Coast man no mu na ɛdi abrofo ɛdwadifoɔ baa oman no mu. Abrofo a wɔdii kan bae no yɛ Portuguesefoɔ, eno akyi no na Dutɔhfoɔ ene Britishfoɔ bae esan sikakɔkɔɔ a na ebu wɔn Akanman no. ɛsan tumi a na akanfoɔ wɔ no nti, wɔni nkuro a na wɔbɛn wɔn no dii ako na wɔde wɔn so nkunim a na wa tɔn wɔn ama abrofo no (Portuguese) sɛ nkoa. Na abrofo no ɛsan sikakɔkɔɔ nti no, wɔde atuo ka saa nkoa yi ho san de ma Akanfoɔ yi. Na Akanfoɔ yi hiaa nkoa no de wɔn adɔ kwaeɛ a na etwa Asante kuro no ahyea.[6][7] Akanfoɔ no hyɛase tɔn nkoa maa abrofo no na saa nkoa yi na abrofo no di wɔn kɔɔ wɔn kurom a ebɛdene nea yefrɛ no "trans-atlantic slave trade".[8] Wɔ afe 2006, Ghana man de gyaatoa maa nipa bi a ɛnam Ghanafoɔ naa bi so wɔde wɔn asefoɔ yɛɛ nkoa kɔ abrokyireman mu.[9]
Akanfoɔ ɛnkaka Asantefoɔ ɛne abrofo no adii ako na mpɛn pii no Akanfoɔ no dii abrofo no so nkunim de kyere wɔn tumi. Saa ako yi bi yɛ Anglo- Asante ɛne ɔko a na ɛfa sika dwa Kofi (golden stool) no ho.[4][10][11]
Wɔ afe 1900s, na Gaanaman hyɛ Britain man no ase, na saa mmere no mu no, na Ivory Coast nso hyɛ France kuro no ase. Wɔ Oforisuo bosome ne da a ɛtɔ so nsia no (6 March), mmere a Gaanaman no nyaa wɔn fahodeɛ firi abrofo no nsa, Omanpanyin Kwame Nkrumah de British Togoland, Atifi Mantam, Atifi-apueɛ Mantam ene Atifi-atɔeɛ Mantam a ɛwɔ Gold Coast bomu ma no bɛyɛ enɛ Gaanaman. Ivory coast nya wɔn fahode, ɔsanaa bosome ne da ɛtɔ so nson. (7th August, 1960).[12]
Akan abusuakuo nkyekyɛmu ene wɔn ahyensodeɛSesa
Akan abusuakuo no nkyekyɛmu no ne: Asante (abusuakuo kɛse paa). Abinghi, Abbe, Abidɛi, Aboure, Adwuku, Ahafo, Ahanta, Akuapem, Akwamu, Akyem, Alladian, Anyi, Aowin, Assin, Attie, Baoule, Abron, ɔhokosi, Denkyira, Ehotile, Fante (abusuakuo kɛse a ɛtɔ so mmienu), Kwahu, Nzema, Sefwi, Teɔhiman, Twifu ene Wassa Gywira Pepesa.[13][14]
ReferencesSesa
- ↑ Languages of the Akan area: papers in Western Kwa linguistics and on the linguistic geography of the area of ancient. Isaac K. Chinebuah, H. Max J. Trutenau, Linguistic Circle of Accra, Basler Afrika Bibliographien, 1976, pp. 168.
- ↑ "Pre-colonial history of Ghana". www.ghanaweb.com. Retrieved 5 December 2019
- ↑ Africa Gallery". Penn Museum. Retrieved 13 November 2011
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 The African heritage, Volume 3 Zimbabwe Pub. House, 1999 – History – 180 pages
- ↑ Levtzion, Nehemia (1973). Ancient Ghana and Mali. New York: Methuen & Co Ltd. p. 155. ISBN 0841904316.
- ↑ Asante (Ashanti) History Much of the modern nation of Ghana". modernghana.com. Retrieved 29 September 2016.
- ↑ "History Slave Trade". www.ghanaweb.com. Retrieved 5 December 2019
- ↑ Henry Louis Gates Jr. (22 April 2010). "Ending the Slavery Blame-Game". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 23 April 2010. Retrieved 26 March 2012.
- ↑ Ghana apologizes to slaves' descendants". modernghana.com. Retrieved 29 September 2016.
- ↑ "Africa Gallery". Penn Museum. Retrieved 13 November 2011
- ↑ Non-western theories of development: regional norms versus global trends, Harcourt Brace College Pub., 1999, 179 pp
- ↑ "United Nations member States – General Information". Un.org. Retrieved 13 November
- ↑ "Akan 42.1%" of a population of 22.0 million. "Akan 45.3%" of a population of 24.6 million
- ↑ Online Twi Dictionary – The Akan People". twi.bb. Retrieved 13 November 2011
- Akan weights and the Gold Trade, Longman, 1980. 393 pp


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Adamfofa
Adamfofa yɛ abusuabɔ a ɛda ɔdɔ a ɛda nnipa ntam.[1] Ɛyɛ nnipa ntam abusuabɔ a emu yɛ den sen "onimfoɔ" anaa "fekubɔ", te sɛ sukuuni, ofipamfo, yɔnko dwumayɛni, anaa yɔnko dwumayɛni.
Wɔ amammerɛ ahorow bi mu no, adamfofa ho adwene no yɛ abusuabɔ kakraa bi a emu dɔ yiye nkutoo; wɔ afoforo te sɛ U.S. ne Canada no, obi betumi anya nnamfo pii, na ebia ɔne onipa biako anaa baanu a wobetumi afrɛ wɔn nnamfo pa anaa nnamfo paa benya abusuabɔ a emu yɛ den kɛse. Nsɛmfua afoforo a wɔka wɔ kasa mu ne besties anaa Best Friends Forever (BFFs). Ɛwom sɛ adamfofa ahorow pii wɔ hɔ, a ebia ɛsono emu bi wɔ mmeae ahorow de, nanso su ahorow bi wɔ abusuabɔ a ɛtete saa pii mu. Nneɛma a ɛtete saa no bi ne sɛ wɔbɛpaw sɛ wɔne wɔn ho wɔn ho bɛtra, bere a wɔde bom tra mu anigye, na wobetumi de wɔn ho ahyɛ dwumadi pa a ɛboa wɔn ho wɔn ho mu.[2]
Ɛtɔ da bi a, wɔma nnamfo da nsow wɔ abusua ho, sɛnea ɛte wɔ asɛm a wɔka sɛ "nnamfo ne abusua" mu no, na ɛtɔ da bi nso a wɔda nsow wɔ adɔfo ho (e.g., "adɔfo ne nnamfo"), ɛwom sɛ wɔde nnamfo a wɔwɔ mfaso ahorow no yɛ nea ɛyɛ kusuu de. Adamfo beae no yɛ beae a wɔbara obi sɛ ɔnsɔre nkɔ ɔdɔfo gyinabea (hwɛ Ɔdɔ a wontua ho ka nso).
Wɔasua adamfofa ho ade wɔ nhomasua mu, te sɛ nkitahodi, asetra ho adesua, asetra mu adwene ho nimdeɛ, nnipa ho adesua, ne nyansapɛ mu. Wɔahyɛ adamfofa ho adesua mu nsusuwii ahorow ho nyansa, a nea ɛka ho ne asetra mu nsakrae ho nsusuwii, pɛyɛ ho nsusuwii, abusuabɔ mu nsɛm a wɔka, ne akwan horow a wɔfa so de wɔn ho bata ho.
Nkɔso ho adwene ho nimdeɛ[sesa]
Mmɔfrabrɛ
Ntease a ɛfa adamfofa ho wɔ mmofra mu no taa twe adwene si mmeae te sɛ dwumadi ahorow a wɔtaa yɛ, honam fam a wɔbɛn wɔn ho, ne akwanhwɛ a wɔkyɛ so kɛse.[3]: 498 [a] Saa adamfofa ahorow yi ma wonya hokwan di agoru na wɔde wɔn ho hyɛ mu. 246 Mmofra dodow no ara taa kyerɛkyerɛ adamfofa mu denam nneɛma te sɛ kyɛfa so, na mmofra taa ne obi a wobu no sɛ ɔyɛ adamfo no kyɛ.[4]: 246 [5][6] Bere a mmofra nyin no, wɔnyɛ ankorankoro ho ade pii na no nim afoforo yiye. Wonya tumi a wɔde benya tema ma wɔn nnamfo, na wɔn ani gye ho sɛ wobedi agoru wɔ akuw mu. Wonya atipɛnfo a wɔpow wɔn nso bere a wɔrekɔ so wɔ mmofraberem mfe no mfinimfini no. Nnamfo pa a obenya wɔ ne mmofraase no boa ma abofra nya ne ho yiye wɔ ɔmanfo mu akyiri yi wɔ n’asetra mu.[5]
Sɛ wogyina akyerɛkyerɛfo ne ɛnanom amanneɛbɔ so a, anyɛ yiye koraa no, mmofra a wonnya nkɔɔ sukuu no mu 75% wɔ adamfo biako. Saa dodow yi kɔɔ soro koduu 78% kosii adesuakuw a ɛto so anum no mu, sɛnea wɔde co-nomination sɛ nnamfo susuw no, na 55% wɔ mutual adamfo paa.[4]: 247 Wohui sɛ mmofra bɛyɛ 15% nni adamfo a enni sabea, bɔɔ amanneɛ sɛ wɔmfa wɔn ho wɔn ho nkɔ nnamfo anyɛ yiye koraa no asram asia.[4]: 250
Mfaso a ebetumi aba wɔ adamfofa so no bi ne hokwan a wobenya de asua tema ne ɔhaw ahorow ano aduru ho ade.[7] Ntetee a awofo de ma no betumi ayɛ nea mfaso wɔ so wɔ mmofra a wɔbɛboa wɔn ma wɔanya nnamfo no mu. Eileen Kennedy-Moore ka nneɛma atitiriw abiɛsa a ɛma mmofra nya adamfofa ho asɛm: (1) wobue wɔn ani, (2) nsɛdi, ne (3) anigye a wɔkyɛ.[8][9][10] Awofoɔ nso bɛtumi aboa mmofra ama wɔate asetena mu akwankyerɛ a wɔn ankasa nsuaa no ase.[11] Kennedy-Moore retwe adwene asi nhwehwɛmu a Robert Selman[12] ne afoforo yɛe mu no, ɔkyerɛkyerɛ nkɔso fã ahorow wɔ mmofra adamfofa mu, a ɛda tumi a ɛrenya nkɔanim a ɛma wɔte afoforo adwene ase adi: "Mepɛ Ɛyɛ Me Kwan", "Dɛn na Ɛwɔ Mu Ma Me?", Ɛdenam Mmara no so", "Adwene ne Kyɛfa", ne "Nnamfo a Wɔnam Thick ne Thin So."[13]
Mmabunbere
Wɔ mmerantebere ne mmabaabere mu no, nnamfofa bɛyɛ “ade a ɛma ade kɛse, nea ɛkyɛ, nea ɛka no pen, ɛboa, na ɛba ara kwa.” Mmabun taa hwehwɛ atipɛnfo a wobetumi de su horow a ɛte saa ama wɔ abusuabɔ a ɛda wɔn ho wɔn ho ntam, na wɔkwati atipɛnfo a wɔn nneyɛe a ɛyɛ ɔhaw no kyerɛ sɛ ebia wɔrentumi nni saa ahiade ahorow yi ho dwuma.[14] Ankorankoro su ne ne su nso yɛ nneɛma a mmabun hwehwɛ, bere a wɔrepaw nea wɔne no befi ase afa adamfo no.[15] Abusuabɔ fi ase kɔ so de wɔn adwene si gyinapɛn ahorow a wɔkyɛ, nokwaredi, ne nneɛma a wɔn nyinaa ani gye ho so, sen sɛ wɔde wɔn adwene besi honam fam nneɛma te sɛ bɛn a wɔbɛn wɔn ho ne sɛnea wobetumi adi agoru nneɛma a ɛkyerɛ mmofraberem kɛse.[4]: 246
Nhwehwɛmu bi a wɔyɛe wɔ Texas Sukuupɔn a ɛwɔ Austin mu no hwehwɛɛ Amerikafo mmabun bɛboro 9,000 mu de huu sɛnea wɔn ho a wɔde hyɛ nneyɛe a ɛhaw adwene (te sɛ korɔnbɔ, ntɔkwaw, ne sukuu a wonkɔ sukuu) mu no ne wɔn nnamfofa no wɔ abusuabɔ. Nneɛma a wohui kyerɛe sɛ mmabun ntaa mfa wɔn ho nhyɛ ɔhaw mu nneyɛe mu bere a wɔn nnamfonom yɛ ade yiye wɔ sukuu mu, wɔde wɔn ho hyɛ sukuu dwumadi ahorow mu, wɔkwati nsanom, na wɔwɔ adwenemyare pa no. Wohuu nea ɛne eyi bɔ abira wɔ mmabun a wɔde wɔn ho hyɛɛ nneyɛe a ɔhaw wom mu ampa no ho. Sɛ́ ebia mmabun nyaa wɔn nnamfo so nkɛntɛnso ma wɔde wɔn ho hyɛ ɔhaw suban mu no gyina sɛnea wɔde wɔn ho hyɛɛ saa nnamfo no mu, ne sɛ ebia wɔne wɔn adamfofa akuw ahorow no "fata" wɔ sukuu mu no so.[16]
Nhwehwɛmu bi a nhwehwɛmufo a wofi Purdue Sukuupɔn mu yɛe no kyerɛe sɛ nnamfo a wonyae wɔ ntoaso sukuu akyi adesua mu no kyɛ sen nnamfo a wonyae kan no.[17] Wɔ mmerantebere ne mmabaabere awiei mu no, mmusuakuw ntam adamfofa taa yɛ nea ɛntaa nsi, na ɛbɛyɛ sɛ efi adwemmɔne ne amammerɛ mu nsonsonoe.[15]
Mpanyimfoyɛ
.
Adamfofa a wonya wɔ mpanyin afe so no ma wonya ayɔnkofa, ɔdɔ, ne nkate mu mmoa, na ɛboa yiye ma adwene mu yiyedi ne nipadua akwahosan tu mpɔn.[18]: 426
Ebia ɛbɛyɛ den ama mpanyimfo titiriw sɛ wobenya nnamfo a mfaso wɔ so wɔ adwumam. "Adwumam betumi ayɛ krak esiane akansi nti, enti nkurɔfo sua sɛ wɔde mmerɛwyɛ ne nneɛma a ɛyɛ nwonwa besie mfɛfo adwumayɛfo. Adwuma mu adamfofa taa nya nkitahodi ho nkate; ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛka baabi a nkitahodi ba awiei na adamfofa ankasa fi ase."[19] Mpanyimfo dodow no ara bu sikasɛm sɛ ɛsom bo wɔn nnwuma ahobammɔ sen adamfofa a wɔne wɔn mfɛfo adwumayɛfo benya.[20]
Sɛ wɔkyekyem pɛpɛɛpɛ a, mpanyimfo dodow no ara wɔ nnamfo paa baanu.[21] Nhwehwɛmu pii a wɔyɛe wɔ mpanyimfo ho no kyerɛ sɛ adamfofa ne abusuabɔ afoforo a ɛboa ma obu a obi wɔ ma ne ho no yɛ kɛse ampa.[22]
Mpanyimfo a wɔn mfe akɔ anim
Mpanyimfo a wɔn mfe akɔ anim kɔ so bɔ amanneɛ sɛ wonya ankorankoro abotɔyam kɛse wɔ wɔn nnamfofa mu bere a wɔrenyin no, bere mpo a nnamfo dodow nyinaa taa so tew no. Saa abotɔyam yi ne tumi a ɛma wotumi yɛ da biara da asetra mu dwumadi ahorow a ɛkɔ soro, ne adwene mu tumi a ɛso tew, ayaresabea a wɔde obi kɔ no a ɛso tew, ne nea efi mu ba a eye a ɛfa ahosiesie ho no wɔ abusuabɔ.[18]: 427 Nnamfo dodow a wɔbɔɔ ho amanneɛ wɔ akyiri yi mu no nyinaa asetra betumi ayɛ ntamgyinafo denam pefeeyɛ a ɛkɔ soro, kasa ne anisoadehu a eye, ne aware mu tebea so.[23]: 53 Nnamfo dodow a ankorankoro bi nya bere a wɔrenyin no so tew no, wɔde Carstensen Socioemotional Selectivity Theory a ɛkyerɛkyerɛ nsakrae a ɛba wɔ mu no akyerɛkyerɛ mu nkannyan a mpanyimfo nya bere a wɔrebɔ fekuw no. Nsusuwii no ka sɛ mfe a obi adi a ɛkɔ soro no yɛ nsakrae a ɛba fi nsɛm a wɔboaboa ano so kɔ nkate mu nhyehyɛe so; sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wobetumi akura nkate pa mu no, mpanyimfo a wɔn mfe akɔ anim no de wɔn asetra mu akuw no to wɔn a wɔwɔ nkate mu abusuabɔ bi nkutoo so.[24]
Sɛnea nhwehwɛmu bi kae no:
Nhwehwɛmu a wɔayɛ wɔ mfe aduanan a atwam no mu no ahu bere nyinaa mprempren sɛ mpanyimfo a wɔn mfe akɔ anim a wɔbɔ amanneɛ sɛ wɔwɔ anigye ne yiyedi a ɛkɔ soro sen biara no nso bɔ amanneɛ sɛ wɔne nnamfo pii wɔ abusuabɔ a emu yɛ den na emu yɛ den.[25]
Bere a abusua mu asɛyɛde ne adwumayɛ ho nhyɛso so tew no, nnamfofa bɛyɛ nea ɛho hia kɛse. Wɔ nkwakoraa ne mmerewa mu no, adamfofa betumi ama wɔanya abusuabɔ a ɛda ɔmanfo kɛse no ntam, ayɛ ade a ɛbɔ wɔn ho ban fi adwenemhaw ne ankonamyɛ ho, na atua nneɛma a ebetumi ahwere wɔ asetra mu mmoa a abusua no mufo adi kan de ama no ho ka.[26]: 32–33 Titiriw ma nnipa a wontumi nkɔ out sɛnea ɛtaa ba no, nkitahodi a wɔne nnamfo di no ma kwan ma wɔkɔ so nya ɔmanfo nkitahodi. Bio nso, mpanyimfo a wɔn mfe akɔ anim a wɔn akwahosan rekɔ fam a wɔda so ara ne wɔn nnamfo di nkitaho no kyerɛ sɛ wɔn adwene mu yiyedi atu mpɔn.[27
Nkɔso ho nsɛm[sesa]
Adwene a ɛmma obi ntumi nyɛ hwee a ɛma obi yɛ ade tra so
Ebia ɛbɛyɛ den ama mmofra a wɔwɔ adwene a wɔde si biribi so a ɛtra so (ADHD) no sɛ wɔbɛfa nnamfo na wɔakura mu, esiane sɛ wontumi mfa adesua a wɔde hwɛ ade so nkyekye asetra mu nimdeɛ pii nti, nsɛnnennen a ɛwɔ wɔn asetram nsɛnkyerɛnne a wɔde wɔn adwene si so, ne nkɛntɛnso a nneyɛe a wɔde wɔn ho hyɛ mu no nya wɔ asetra mu ne su kɛse a ɛne sɛ wɔbɛyɛ saa nti de wɔn ho hyɛ nneyɛe a ebia wɔn atipɛnfo behu sɛ ɛhaw adwene mu.[28][29] Wɔ afe 2007 nhwehwɛmu bi mu no, wɔanhunu ayaresa biara a ɛdi atipɛnfoɔ dwumadie ho dwuma yie wɔ mmofra a wɔwɔ ADHD mu, na wɔanhunu ayaresa a ɛdi ɔhaw no afã foforɔ ho dwuma no yi nsɛm a ɛfa atipɛnfoɔ dwumadie ho no firi hɔ.
Autism a ɛyɛ hu
Autism spectrum disorders ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow bi betumi asiw nnipa ntam abusuabɔ a ɛbɛba no kwan, te sɛ nneyɛe a wɔtaa yɛ a wɔpɛ, nsakrae a wɔko tia, nneɛma pɔtee bi a n’ani gye ho anaa amanne ahorow a wɔde wɔn ho hyɛ mu, ne asetra mu nimdeɛ a wonni. Wɔahu sɛ mmofra a wɔwɔ autism no taa yɛ onipa biako nnamfo paa, sen sɛ wobenya nnamfo akuw. Bio nso, wɔtaa yɛ mmofra afoforo a wɔadi dɛm bi nnamfo paa.[30] Awofo a wɔde wɔn ho abɔ wɔn ho ho adwene boa ma mmofra a wɔwɔ autism spectrum disorders no adamfofa yɛ papa; obi a ɔte nka sɛ ɔne n’awofo wɔ abusuabɔ no tua ayɔnkofa ho nimdeɛ a onni a mpɛn pii no ebesiw adamfofa kwan no so ka.[31]
Nhwehwɛmu bi a Frankel ne afoforo yɛe no. kyerɛe sɛ awofo de wɔn ho gye mu ne nkyerɛkyerɛ di dwuma titiriw wɔ mmofra a wɔte saa a wonya adamfofa mu.[32] Nea ɛka awofo a wɔde wɔn ho hyɛ mu ho no, sukuu mu adwumayɛfo di dwuma titiriw wɔ asetra mu nimdeɛ ne atipɛnfo nkitahodi a wɔkyerɛkyerɛ mu. Wɔtaa de paraprofessionals, titiriw no, obiakofo aboafo ne adesuadan mu aboafo, kɔ mmofra a wɔwɔ autism spectrum disorders nkyɛn sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wɔbɛma nnamfofa ayɛ mmerɛw na wɔakyerɛ abofra no kwan wɔ adamfofa a ɛho hia a ɔbɛfa na wakura mu.
Ɛwom sɛ asuade ne ntetee betumi aboa mmofra a wɔwɔ autism atipɛnfo de, nanso ayayade da so ara yɛ ade titiriw a ɛhaw adwene wɔ asetra mu tebea horow mu. Sɛnea Anahad O’Connor a ɔwɔ The New York Times mu kyerɛ no, ɛda adi kɛse sɛ ayayade bɛba mmofra a wɔwɔ autism spectrum disorders a wobetumi atra ase a wɔde wɔn ho no so kɛse. Mmofra a wɔte saa no wɔ asiane mu kɛse efisɛ wɔwɔ amanne ahorow no pii ne asetra mu nimdeɛ a wonni te sɛ mmofra a ɛda adi sɛ wɔwɔ autism no, nanso ɛda adi sɛ wɔde wɔn bɛhyɛ sukuu mu titiriw. Mmofra a wɔwɔ autism no wɔ ɔhaw kɛse sɛ wɔbɛhwɛ asetra mu nsɛnkyerɛnne so, na enti ebia ɛnyɛ bere nyinaa na wobehu bere a wɔresisi wɔn.[34]
Down yare no ho yare
Mmofra a wɔwɔ Down syndrome no ayɛ den kɛse sɛ wɔbɛfa nnamfo. Wohyia kasa a ɛkyɛ a ɛma ɛyɛ den ma wɔn sɛ wɔne mmofra afoforo bedi agoru. Ebia mmofra dodow no ara a wɔwɔ Down syndrome no bɛpɛ sɛ wɔhwɛ sukuufo afoforo na wɔne wɔn adamfo di agoru nanso wɔne wɔn nni agoru, titiriw esiane sɛ wɔte ase sen sɛnea wobetumi ada no adi wɔ akyi nti. Wɔ mfe a wonnya nkɔɔ sukuu mu no, mmofra a wɔwɔ Down syndrome no betumi anya adesuadan mu tebea no so mfaso, a mmofra afoforo atwa wɔn ho ahyia na wɔmfa wɔn ho nto mpanyimfo mmoa so kɛse. Mmofra a wɔadi dɛm yi nya mfaso fi nkitahodi ahorow a wɔne mpanyimfo ne mmofra nyinaa nya no mu. Wɔ sukuu mu no, hwɛ a wɔbɛhwɛ ma wɔanya tebea a obiara bɛka ho wɔ adesuadan mu no betumi ayɛ den, nanso nnamfo a wɔbɛn a wɔbɛn wɔn no betumi ayɛ ade titiriw ama asetra mu nkɔso.[35][36]
Apomuden[sesa]
Nhwehwɛmu ahorow ada no adi sɛ asetra mu mmoa a emu yɛ den ma obi nya akwahosan pa ne nkwa tenten ho anidaso tu mpɔn. Nea ɛne no bɔ abira no, wɔde ankonamyɛ ne asetra mu mmoa a wonnya no abata asiane a ɛkɔ soro a ɛne sɛ wobenya komayare, mmoawa a wɔde nyarewa ba, ne kokoram, ne nnipa dodow a wowuwu wɔ ne nyinaa mu no ho. Nhwehwɛmufoɔ mmienu mpo afrɛ adamfofa nkitahodiɛ sɛ "suban ho aduru" a ɛma nipadua ne adwene mu akwahosan nyinaa nya nkɔsoɔ.[37]
Nhwehwɛmu pii wɔ hɔ a ɛde adamfofa ne akwahosan bata ho, nanso nea enti pɔtee a ɛde abusuabɔ no ba no da so ara yɛ nea wontumi nhu. Nhwehwɛmu dodow no ara a ɛwɔ saa beae yi yɛ nhwehwɛmu akɛse a wɔhwɛ kwan a edi nnipa akyi bere tenten, na bere a ebia abusuabɔ bi wɔ nneɛma abien a ɛsakra (adamfofa ne akwahosan tebea) no ntam no, nhwehwɛmufo da so ara nnim sɛ ebia abusuabɔ bi wɔ hɔ a ɛde ba ne nea efi mu ba, te sɛ sɛ adwene a ɛne sɛ adamfofa pa ma akwahosan tu mpɔn ankasa. Nsusuwii ahorow bi abɔ mmɔden sɛ wɔbɛkyerɛkyerɛ saa abusuabɔ yi mu. Nea ɛka saa nsusuwii ahorow yi ho ne sɛ nnamfo pa hyɛ wɔn nnamfo nkuran ma wɔbɔ asetra a ahoɔden wom kɛse; sɛ nnamfo pa hyɛ wɔn nnamfo nkuran sɛ wɔnhwehwɛ mmoa na wonnya nnwuma bere a ɛho hia no; sɛ nnamfo pa ma wɔn nnamfonom tumi gyina yare ne akwahosan ho haw afoforo ho dwuma no yɛ kɛse; na sɛ nnamfo pa nya nipadua mu akwan a ɛbɔ akwahosan ho ban no so nkɛntɛnso ankasa.[38]
Adwene mu haw
Wɔahu sɛ adamfofa a wonni no di dwuma ma asiane a ɛkɔ soro sɛ mmea a wɔrebɛn mpanyin afe so benya adwene a ɛne sɛ wobekum wɔn ho no mu, a nea ɛka ho ne sɛ wobenya nnamfo pii a wɔn ankasa nyɛ wɔn ho wɔn ho nnamfo. Nanso, wɔanhu nkɛntɛnso a ɛte saa ara wɔ mmarima ho.[39][40] Nnamfo kakraa bi a wubenya anaasɛ wunni bi no yɛ ade titiriw a ɛkyerɛ sɛ obi anya adwenemyare ahorow pii.[14]
Adamfofa su a ɛkorɔn no boa tẽẽ ma wonya obu ma wɔn ho, wonya wɔn ho mu ahotoso, na wonya asetra mu nkɔso.[22] World Happiness Database nhwehwɛmu bi kyerɛe sɛ nnipa a wɔwɔ nnamfo paa no ani gye kɛse, ɛwom sɛ nnamfo dodow koraa no amma anigye no ankɔ soro de.[41] Nhwehwɛmu afoforo akyerɛ sɛ mmofra a wɔwɔ adamfofa a ɛkorɔn no betumi abɔ wɔn ho ban afi ɔhaw ahorow bi te sɛ dadwen ne adwenemhaw ho.[42][43] Nea ɛne no bɔ abira no, nnamfo kakraa bi a wubenya no ne sukuu a wogyae, ne basabasayɛ, ne mpanyimfo nsɛmmɔnedi nso wɔ abusuabɔ.[3]: 500 Atipɛnfo a wɔpow wɔn no nso ne akyi apɛde a ɛba fam wɔ adwumayɛfo mu, ne asetra mu dwumadi ahorow mu kyɛfa a wonya, bere a dodow a ɛkɔ soro no wɔ abusuabɔ na adamfofa ne mpanyimfo bu wɔn ho a ɛkorɔn wɔ abusuabɔ.[3]: 500–01
Nneɛma a wɔde gu mu[sesa]
Wobetumi abu adamfofa bi a wobegu no sɛ ankorankoro pow, anaasɛ ebetumi afi abɔde mu nsakrae a ɛba bere a bere kɔ so no mu aba, bere a nnamfo kɔ akyirikyiri kɛse wɔ honam ne nkate fam no. Wɔde adamfofa a wɔsɛe no no ne afobu, abufuw ne adwenemhaw a ɛkɔ soro no wɔ abusuabɔ, na ebetumi ayɛ nsɛm a ɛhaw adwene kɛse, titiriw wɔ mmofraase. Nanso, wobetumi abrɛ nsunsuanso bɔne a ebetumi aba no ase sɛ wɔde abusuabɔ foforo a emu yɛ den si adamfofa bi a wobegu no ananmu a.[4]: 248
Nnipa dodow ho nsɛm[sesa]
Nnamfo taa yɛ wɔn ho sɛ wɔn ho wɔn ho kɛse wɔ mfe a wɔadi, ɔbarima ne ɔbea nna, suban, nnuru a wɔde di dwuma ɔkwammɔne so, ankorankoro su, ne adesua mu mmɔdenbɔ mu.[4]: 248 [18]: 426 [25]: 55–56 Wɔ aman a mmusuakuw ahorow gu ahorow mu no, adanse a ɛtrɛw wɔ hɔ a ɛkyerɛ sɛ mmofra ne mmabun taa ne afoforo a wofi mmusuakuw anaa mmusuakuw koro mu fa adamfo, efi ase wɔ mmofra a wonnya nkɔɔ sukuu mu, na ɛkɔ soro wɔ mmofraberem mfinimfini anaa awiei mu hɔ.[4]: 264
Nsonsonoe a ɛwɔ mmarima ne mmea ntam
Mpɛn pii no, mmea ne mmea adamfofa nkitahodi a ɛda mmofra ntam no taa twe adwene si nnipa ntam abusuabɔ ne mmoa a wɔde ma wɔn ho wɔn ho so. Nea ɛne eyi bɔ abira no, ɔbarima ne ɔbarima ntam nkitahodi taa twe adwene si asetra mu tebea so kɛse. Nea ebefi mu aba ne sɛ, wobetumi de nsiyɛ abu nkate mu ahiade ahorow a wɔda no adi no abam.[44]: 320–02
Mmea bɔ amanneɛ sɛ dadwen, ahoɔyaw, ne abusuabɔ mu ayayade pii na wonnya pintinn pii wɔ wɔn nnamfofa ho. Nanso mmarima de, wɔbɔ amanneɛ sɛ wɔyɛ wɔn honam fam ayayade pii. Ne nyinaa mu no, mmarima ne mmea taa bɔ amanneɛ sɛ wɔanya abotɔyam kakra wɔ wɔn nnamfofa ho.[4]: 249–50
Mmea taa da wɔn ho adi kɛse na wɔda wɔn ho adi kɛse wɔ wɔn bɔbeasu koro adamfofa mu na wɔwɔ nnamfo kakraa bi.[15] Mmarima taa kyerɛkyerɛ abusuabɔ a emu yɛ den mu denam honam fam osuahu ahorow a wɔkyɛ so. Nea ɛne eyi bɔ abira no, mmea taa kyerɛkyerɛ mu kɛse wɔ nkate mu de a wɔkyɛ mu. Mmarima ntaa nna nkate anaa wɔn ankasa nsɛm adi nkyerɛ mmarima afoforo efisɛ wobetumi de saa nsɛm yi adi dwuma atia wɔn. Nanso, wɔbɛda saa nsɛm yi adi akyerɛ mmea (sɛnea wɔne wɔn nni akan), na mmarima taa bu adamfofa a wɔne mmea nya no sɛ nea ntease wom kɛse, emu yɛ den, na ɛyɛ anigye. Mpɛn pii no, mmarima ne mmarima adamfofa te sɛ apam kɛse, bere a mmea ne mmea adamfofa gyina abusuabɔ so kɛse. Nea ɛde ba ne sɛ, eyi nso kyerɛ sɛ ɔbarima ne ɔbarima adamfofa a ɛba awiei no taa yɛ nea ɛhaw nkate kɛse te sɛ ɔbea ne ɔbea adamfofa no.[45][46]
Mmea taa yɛ wɔn a wɔn ho akokwaw wɔ asetra mu sen wɔn atipɛnfo mmarima wɔ mpanyimfo a wɔn mfe akɔ anim mu. Nea afi mu aba ne sɛ, mmarima a wɔn mfe akɔ anim pii betumi de wɔn ho ato ɔhokafo a ɔyɛ ɔbea te sɛ ɔhokafo so de atua wɔn asetra mu nimdeɛ a wonni no ho ka.[25]: 55 Nhwehwɛmu bi kyerɛe sɛ mmea a wɔwɔ Europa ne Amerika Atifi fam no na ɛtaa yɛ kɛse kakra sen mmarima sɛ ɔno ankasa bɛbɔ amanneɛ sɛ ɔwɔ adamfo paa.[47]
Amammerɛ
Abusuabɔ ahorow a wobu no sɛ nokware adamfofa, sen sɛ ɛbɛyɛ obi a onim no anaa obi a ɔne no yɛ adwuma no gu ahorow sɛnea amammerɛ te. Wɔ amammerɛ a wɔka Borɔfo kasa mu no, ɛnyɛ ade foforo sɛ nkurɔfo de abusuabɔ a ɛyɛ mmerɛw bɛka ho sɛ nnamfo.[48] Wɔ amammerɛ afoforo te sɛ Russiafo ne Polandfo amammerɛ mu no, abusuabɔ a ɛho hia sen biara nkutoo na wobu no sɛ nnamfo. Ebia Russiani benya nnamfo biako anaa baanu a wɔde "pals" anaa nnipa pii a onim wɔn aka ho; Canadani a ɔwɔ tebea a ɛte saa ara mu no betumi abu saa abusuabɔ ahorow yi nyinaa sɛ nnamfo.[48]
Wɔ Atɔe Famfo amammerɛ mu no, wɔtaa bu adamfofa sɛ ɛyɛ ketewaa bi sen abusua anaa ɔdɔ.[49]
Bere a wɔreka adamfofa ho ahyɛde ahorow ho asɛm no wohui sɛ Chinafo a wobisabisaa wɔn nsɛm no huu pii sen wɔn mfɛfo Britaniafo no.[15][ambiguous]
Nneɛma ahorow a ɛwɔ hɔ ntam[sesa]
Wohu adamfofa wɔ mmoa a wɔn nyansa kɔ soro te sɛ mmoa a wɔnom nufusu a wɔkorɔn ne nnomaa binom mu. Nnamfofa a ɛda nnipa ne afieboa ntam abu so. Mmoa abien a wɔnyɛ nnipa te sɛ akraman ne mpɔtorɔ nso betumi anya adamfofa a ɛda mmoa ahorow ntam.

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text:
Sɛ afe afe ne ho afiri n’aprɔ …ɛɛkɔ tɔ afe foforo nhyiaso yi Asan afedie bebree na asumsum Ɛnti ahwɛyie ne ahobanbɔ afidie …na onipa biara hia de ayɛ ahowen II Bɔ wo ho ban firi asan ho …na ma w’adɔfo adwen nkɔ adidie …wɔ asomdwoe agrɔdibea Bɔ wo ho ban firi ɔhaw ho …na […]
Tag: Poems in Ghanaian Language
Asare kɔ asrɛ …kɔ srɛ srɛ aaa …kɔ srɛ ɛsrɛ a yɛ de bɔ ban …ɛsrɛ a abuso wɔ nwura mu …ma amanfoɔ de sereɛ bɔ ne kahyire Nso ɔsuwa aniwuo te sɛ nsuo a ɛwɔ ahina mu II Nkɔnkɔnsa mpanpan kyerɛ a Asare ayɛ sɛ abirekyie no Yɛ de aniwuo dani abaa …bɔ no […]
BRƐGUO ƐƐYA
Kɔ ti ne krɔ Na onipa fufrɔ mfa nkɔ deɛ …ɛɛya Wo yi obi se ase brɔ Na obi gye ne sereɛ bɔ so a Ɛsen sɛ nea gyata aka wo kra …wɔ ɔko ano Ɔbrɛguo ɛɛya wai …me nua II Kɔ si dankɛseɛ Na ɔfufurɔ mmɛtena mu Kɔtɔ hyɛn …na ɔdasani mmɛfa nkɔ Titi […]


text:
Twi
Biribiara a ɛfa paneɛwɔ ho
Sɛ wɔde paneɛ(aduro) ɛbɔ nnipa de abɔ wɔn ho ban afiri yarewa bi ho a yɛfrɛ no paneɛbɔ.Nnyarewa bi wɔhɔ a ɛsɛsɛ wo taa bɔ paneɛ ansaana woanya ahobanbɔ(yarewa bi tesɛ‘ “tetanus“)Yareɛ nkaɛ bi tesɛ ntoburo anaa ntɛnkyɛm deɛ Paneɛ baakoɔ anaa mmienu pɛ bɛtumi abɔ wo ho ban afiri ho.
Paneɛ(aduro) nyane honam mu akwaa a ɛbɔ nipadua no ho ban no .Saa honam mu akwaa yi din de honam mu nkommoa.Paneɛ(aduro) ma saa nkommoa yi ahoɔden soronko ma no pamo nnyarewa biara firi honam no mu.Saa ade yi na yɛ frɛ no “antibodies“
Paneɛbɔ ma nnipa ntaa nya nnyarewa .Sɛ mmoawa nketekete a yɛnnfa yɛn ani kwa nhunu, na ɔmo san de yareɛ berɛ nipadua no(viruses ,bacterial or fungi) nya kwan wora nipadua no mu a,na kyerɛ sɛ yareɛ asaa nipadua no.Saa yareɛ tumi de owuo ba.
Paneɛbɔ tumi bɔ nipadua no ho ban firi nsan yareɛ ho ne yareɛ no nsonsiansoɔ a ɛtaa sɛe nipadua no mfie beberee akyi.
Nsɛm biara a ɛfa paneɛ a yɛde ɛsi corona ho kwan.
Wɔ Germani man mu ha no, paneɛ a ɛfiri “BioNTech (“Comernaty”), Moderna(„Spikevax“),AstraZeneca (“Vaxzevria”) ne Johnson & johnson“ adwumakuo no na y’agye atomu.Ɛfiri November 2021,yɛmmɔɔ Vaxzevria no bi wɔ Germani man mu ha. Na Johnson&Johnson no nso yɛnnfa mmɔ bio.
Paneɛ nyinaa nyane honam mu akwaa a ɛbɔ nipadua no ho ban no,deɛ yɛ frɛ no nkommoa no,seneɛ ɛbɛyɛ a nipadua no bɛbɔ no ankasa ho ban afiri mmoawa nketenkete a yɛnntumi mfa yɛn ani kwa nhunu(viruses).
Nipadua no ankasa yi “antibodies“ de bɔ honam no ho ban firi yareɛ mmoawa (virus) no ho.Nipadua no nam paneɛbɔ so “ sua“ kwan a wobɛbɔ ne ho ban.
Paneɛ no nyinaa hwɛ sɛ corona yareɛ mu nyɛ den na mpo sɛ ɛnku yɛn.Wɔ yɛn nimdeɛ mu no, nsonsonyɛ biara nni paneɛ no adwuma yɛ anaa na yaresa tumi mu..Yɛnim yie sɛ, paneɛ a ɛdikan no bɔ yɛn ban, saa ara nso na deɛ ɛtɔso mmienu nso bɔ yɛn ban yie.
Onipa biara a ɔmmɔɔ covid 19 paneɛ no bi no,mmɔ
mRNA paneɛ a ɛfiri BioNTech/Pfizer (BioNTech) anaa Moderna (Spikevax) mprɛ mmienu so nanso ɛwɔ sɛ nnawɔtwe kakra da ntɛmoo.
Wɔ Germani man mu no, nnipa dodoɔ a wadi mfie dummienu (12)de kɔsi aduasa(30) na ɛbɔ paneɛ a ɛfiri BioNTech/Pfizer.
Seisei deɛ EU agye atom sɛ mmɔfra a woadi mfie numb(5) dekɔsi dubaako bɛtumi awɔ BioNTech paneɛ no.Wɔn paneɛ no yɛ mmɔfra deɛ a wahyɛ da ayɛ ama wɔn. aduro dodoa a ɛwɔ wɔn paneɛbɔ no mu no so bɛte kakra.Mprenprem y’agye “Moderna“ atomu sɛ nnipa a w’adi mfie dunnwɔtwe(18) rekɔ bɛtumi awɔ.
Na Paneɛ Vaxzevria a ɛfiri AstraZeneca nso y’agye atomu 18+ Nanso firi bosome Obubuo 2021,yɛmmɔɔ Vaxzevria no bi wɔ Germani man mu ha.
paneɛ a ɛfiri Johnson and johnson nso yagye atom ama nipa wadi mfie dunnwotwe rekɔ 18+.Ɛnam sɛ nayaresa tumi wɔ fam nti no, wagyae ne bɔ no, ɛho nso ayɛ den wɔ Germani man mu ha.Ɛnti no obiara a wabɔ johnson and johnson paneɛ no bi no nsan nkɔ bɔ paneɛ a ɛtɔso mmienu wɔ mRNA paneɛ (Spikevax anaasɛ BioNTech) nnawɔtwe nnan akyi sɛneɛ ɛbɛyɛ a paneɛ no bɛtumi abɔ wɔn hoban yie Abodeɛmunyansapɛfoɔ gyedi sɛɛ sɛ wobɔ johnson and johnson paneɛ baako pɛ a ɛrentumi nyɛ adwuma yie.
Wɔ Germani Man mu ha no,sɛsɛi wo bɛtumi ayi Spikevax a ɛfiri Moderna ne Comirnaty a ɛfiri BioNTech/Pfizer no mu baako.Nanso wɔ taa de Comirnaty aduro no bɔ nnipa a wɔn mfie ntera aduasa(30).Wɔn a wanyini paa no deɛ,ɛho bɛhia sɛ wɔbɔ Spikevax paneɛ no.
Deɛn na ɛbɛsi wɔ paneɛ no wɔ akyire no?
Wo honam no hyɛ aseɛ ne paneɛ(aduru) no yɛ adwuma bom yɛ “antibodies “no.
Afei, ɛtommerɛ bi a honam da nneyɛɛ a ɛnnyɛ bi adi .Berebiara saa honam mu nneyɛɛ yi a yɛnya firi paneɛwɔ no ho no,nnyɛ hu saa na nkyɛre koraa na ɛkɔ.
Saa nneɛeɛ yi a honam no da no adi no bi ne sɛ;yaww kakra bɛba faako a wɔde paneɛ no bɔɔ yɛ no,honam ani no bɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ kakra,brɛwyɛ,ti paeɛ,ebunu,hurae ne honam yaw nso tumi ba.
Obiara honamdua yɛ soronko .Ɛno nti na obiara nya atinka soronko no.Ɛbinom nneɛeɛ a ɔdan no adi wɔ paneɛ no akyire no nnyɛ hu koraa,ebinom nso deɛ yɛhu na ɛbinom deɛ, ɔnnya nneɛeɛ biara.
Nsankrayɛ kakra a ɛbɛba wohonam mu no yɛ adepa. Ɛkyerɛsɛɛ paneɛ no reyɛ n’adwuma na honam rehyɛ aseɛ abɔ ne ho ban.Ɔhaw no deɛ nnyɛ adepa koraa na ɛbɛtumi ayɛhu nso.Nanso ntaa nsi.Paneɛ ho haw no ntaa nsi koraa.Deɛ ɛma saa ɔhaw no ba ne sɛ ebia na obi honam ne paneɛ no aduro no nhyia.
Paneɛ no akyire no,sɛ wonya ebunu na sɛ ankɔ nansa akyi a ɛwɔ sɛ wo kɔ hu dɔkota.
Mpo sɛ wobɔ Vaxzevria paneɛ a ɛfiri AstraZeneca adwumakuo no anaasɛ paneɛ a ɛfiri Johnson and Johnson adwumakuo na sɛ nna kakra akyi no woti pae wo a ɛwɔsɛ wohu wo dɔkota.
Honam mu nneɛeɛ anaa nsakrayɛ foforo a paneɛ no bɛtumi de aba no bi ne,yaww kakra bɛba faako a paneɛ no wɔɔ yɛ no,honam ani no bɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ kakra,brɛwyɛ,ti paeɛ,ebunu,hurae ne honam yaw nso tumi ba.
Ɔhaw a ɛwɔ paneɛ no so no ɛntaa nsi koaa.Ɛtɔdabi a nnipa bi nipadua no ne paneɛ no nhyia.
Wɔ AstraZeneca and Johnson & Johnson,nnipa kakraa bi na ɛnya “blood clot“. nnipa kakra bi nya “myocarditis“ kakra pɛ wɔ Moderna’s Spikevax ne BioNTech/Pfizer’s Comirnaty akyiri.Mpem pii no,sɛ ɛbɛsi mpo a, nnipa a wɔnnfie
mmoro aduasa (30) na nya saa ɔhaw yi.Ɛno nti no,ɛsɛsɛ nnipa a wɔn mfie mmoro aduasa(30) bɔ BioNTech/Pfizer’s Comirnaty paneɛ no ɛfirisɛ ne ɔhaw no ntaa mma koraa sɛ wode toto Moderna’s Spikevax paneɛ no ho a.
Mpɛnpii no paneɛ a ɛdi kan no bɔ yɛnhoban firi yareɛ no anoden ne ne wuo ho nanso nna kakra akyiri no na paneɛ a ɛdi kan no ahoɔden no asa.Yei nti na ɛsɛsɛ wobɔ paneɛ a ɛtoso mmienu no.Sɛ worebɛbɔ paneɛ a ɛdi kan no a,wɔde da a wobɛbɔ paneɛ a ɛtoso mmienu no bɛma wo. Sɛ wɔbɔ wo paneɛ mmienu no nyinaa wei a, mRNA paneɛ a ɛfiri BioNTech/Pfizer ne Moderna ɛna afei nso Vaxzevria a ɛfiri AstraZeneca bɛbɔ wohoban 90% afiri yareɛ COVID-19 ho(.tesɛ wagye ayaresa wɔ asopiti) Paneɛbɔ san bɔ nnipadua no ho ban bɛyɛ 75% tia COVID-19 san ho.
Animdefoɔ reka sɛ,ɛwɔ sɛ yɛbɔ paneɛ no bio wɔ mmerɛ bi akyi(boostered)Sɛ ɛbɛyɛyie mpo a, sɛ yɛbɔ paneɛ a ɛtoso mmienu wie a, abosome nsia (6)akyi no ɛwɔ sɛ yɛbɔ paneɛ(aduro)no bio ɛfirisɛ paneɛ(aduro) no ahoɔden no so tɛ abosome nsia(6) akyi.Saa deɛ wei to obiara.Saa paneɛ wei ne paneɛ nkayɛ no nyinaa yɛ pɛ.Sɛ yɛhwɛ “influenza“paneɛ no a,yɛbɔ no afe biara.Na “tetanus“(lockjaw) paneɛ no deɛ ɛsɛsɛ yɛbɔ no mfie du(10) biara.
Aane,wo renyini no na wo honamdua no reyɛ mmerɛ.Ɛnam nimdeɛ kakra a yɛwɔ wɔ paneɛ no ho no nti,paneɛ a EU agye atomu bɛtumi abɔ obiara ho ban mpo mmerewa ne nkɔkoraa.
Aane,wobɛtumi da asan obi nanso ɛnnyɛ mpem pii.Ɛnam yɛn nimdeɛ so no,sɛ yareɛ no yɛ nnipa a wabɔ paneɛ no bi a,yareɛ no ano wɔ fame.
Aane, nanso wɔ saa asem yi mu no ɛhia masɛ wowɔ paneɛ no bosome mmiɛnsa akyi firi berɛ a wohunuu sɛ wanya yareɛ no (throat swap) sɛneɛ ɛbɛyɛ a paneɛ(aduro) no bɛ nyane nkommoa dada noa ɛdii yareɛ no so no.
Sɛ yɛhunu “antibodies“ a ɛko tia COVID-19 no bi wɔwo mogya mo a,yɛbɛbɔ wo paneɛ no nnawɔtwe nnan (4) akyi pɛpɛɛpɛ.Obiara a ɔbɛ nya corona yareɛ wɔ paneɛ a ɛdi kan ne paneɛ a ɛtoso mmienu ntɛm no ɛwɔ sɛ odi nsɛm a yɛadi kan aka ho asɛm no so.Ɛhia ma “booster vaccination“
Aane, yɛbɛ kɔso adi yareɛ no mmra nyinaa so.Paneɛ wɔ akyire no yareɛ tumi san..Ahobanbo nhyehyeɛ no daso reyɛ adwuma.
Wobɛnya ahobanbɔ afiri corona yareɛ no anoden ne ne wuo ho.Paneɛ boa te corona mmoawa dwumadie so.Ɛbɛyɛ den kakra sɛ wode yareɛ no bɛsaa obi.Sɛ yɛyi apomoden mfasoɔ no firi hɔ a wobɛtumi akɔ baabiara a anka wontumi nkɔ wɔ bɛrɛ a wonwɔɔ paneɛ no.Sɛ wokura krataa a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wawɔ paneɛ no a Wobɛtumi akɔ cafes , wonnamfofoɔ nkyɛen , wobɛnya berɛ bebebree de ayɛ deɛ wopɛ.
Nhyehyɛeɛ bi aba a wɔde yɛ yareɛ kodiawuo yi ho anamontuo ho Saa nhyehyɛeɛ yi ne 3G,2G ɛna 2G+3G no kyerɛ sɛ:kwan da hɔ ma obiara a wabɔ paneɛ no,obiara ne ho atɔ no anaasɛ obiara a wanya “negative (rapid test/antigen test or PCR test)“wɔ da a wɔrekɔ nsra no.
2G kyerɛsɛ: kwan da hɔ ma obiara a wabɔ paneɛ no anaasɛ obiara a ne ho atɔ no 2G+ kyerɛsɛ: kwan da hɔ ma obiara wabɔ paneɛ no anaasɛ obiara ne ho atɔ no, nanso gyesɛ wo de biribi a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wanya “negative(rapid test/antigen test or PCR test)“wɔ da a worekɔ nsra no.
Ɛde nkwa to nsam anaa?
Mpaninfoɔ ne wɔn a wɔwɔ yareɛ bi dada nkwa da nsam yie paa.
Wɔbɛtumi awu anaasɛ wɔn yareɛ no mu bɛyɛ den paa ara .
Wɔ covid 19 ho no,Nipa a wɔtaa hyiahyia afoforo no, yareɛ no bɛtumi asaa wɔn.
Nipa yi bi ne dɔkotafoɔ, nɛɛsefoɔ, nnipa a wobom beberee wɔ efie bi mu, poliisifoɔ ne akyerɛkyerɛfoɔ.
Ɛsiansɛ nnipa pii na ɛte beaɛ baako nti no, nnyɛ den sɛ yareɛ yi bɛsaa wɔn nyinaa ntɛntɛm.Ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛ tete wɔntem ɛfirisɛ wɔ dɔɔso na beaɛ hɔ no nso sua.Yei nti na ɛhobɛhia sɛ yɛbɔ wɔn paneɛ no kanee.
Daabi ,wɔn a watu wɔn ho asi hɔ na yɛsɔɔ paneɛ no hweɛɛ wɔ wɔn so wɔ mmerɛ bi a atwam. Sɛsei deɛ mpanneɛ a wabɔ wɔ wiase nyinaa boro 8.5 billion (ɛbɛduru december 2021).Wei kyerɛsɛ ,wiase nkyekyɛmu fa anaasɛ fa ne akyire kakra na ɔhwɛ anim sɛ wɔbɛbɔ paneɛ yi atea COVID-19.
Aane,Wo koraa na wo hia paneɛ no paa ɛfirisɛ,sɛ wonya COVID-19 yareɛ no a ɛmu bɛtumi ayɛden paa ara ɛsian wo yareɛ dadaa no nti.
Nnipa a wɔwɔ yare dadaa na yɛbɔ wɔn paneɛ no kanee wɔ Germani man mu ha.
STIKO de aba sɛ apemfoɔ a wɔwɔ “ 2nd trimester“ mu(“second third of pregnancy“tesɛ firi
bosome nnan(4) wɔ nyinsen mu) a wɔmmɔɔ paneɛ no nkɔbɔ paneɛ no.
Na abaatan a wɔɔma wɔmma nufoɔ a wɔmmɔɔ paneɛ no deɛ STIKO de aba sɛ wɔmmɔ wɔn COVID-19 mRNA paneɛ Comirnaty a ɛfiri BioNTech/Pfizer no mmienu.
Apemfoɔ deɛ ɛmfa ho ne mfie a wadi ɛwɔ sɛ wobɔ Comirnaty paneɛ no na ɛnni ho kwan sɛ wɔbɔ Spikevax paneɛ no.Sɛ wobɔɔ paneɛ a ɛdi kan no ansaana wo fa yɛfunu a ,ɛwɔ sɛ wo bɔ paneɛ ɛtoso mmienu no wɔ 2nd trimester(ɛfiri bosome nnan wɔ nyinsen mu)
Mmɔfra a wadi mfie dummienu (12) rekɔ no bɛtumi abɔ BioNTech paneɛ a ɛfiri BioNTech/Pfizer.
Ɛbio,EU agye atomu sɛ yɛbɛtumi de saa paneɛ yi abɔ mmɔfra a wadi mfie 5 -11.
Yɛde mmɔfra paneɛ sononko a yate aduro no so kakra na ɛbɔ wɔn.
Nnipa a wɔ yare na ne ho ayɛ hyɛ paa (ɛfiri 38.5°C anaa deɛ ɛbrosoɔ ) .Yɛbɛtumi awɔ no paneɛ no berɛ a ne ho atɔ no.
Daabi, biribiara nni hɔ a abɔdeɛmu nyansapɛfoɔ aka a ɛkyerɛ sɛ paneɛ no kum nkwamoa anaasɛ ɛsi awoɔ ho kwan.
Paneɛwɔ no bi gyaeɛ efirisɛ na wopɛsɛ woyɛ paneɛ nsosiansoɔ no ho nhwehwɛmu no mu yie.Nnipa ahobanbo ne adea ɛhohia yie paa.Ɛno nti na woreyɛ nhwehwɛmu saa no.
Kwan bɛn so na mɛfaso anya paneɛ no bi abɔ?
Aane yɛ wɔ akwan beberee a wobɛfaso atwerɛ wo din Wobɛtumi ne dɔkotani a ɔbɔ paneɛ no ayɛ ho nhyehyɛe anaasɛ wobɛkɔ beaɛ a adɔkotafoɔ a wɔ nenam no wɔ no wɔberɛ a wo ne no nnyɛɛ nhyehyeɛ biara.
saa nsɛm yi pii wɔ abɛɛfo ntentan kɛseɛ so wɔ
https://impfen-schuetzen-testen.de/impfen/
Afie nnipa biara a wɔwɔ Lower Saxony a ɔpɛ nsɛm a ɛfa paneɛbɔ ho bɛtumi afrɛ : 0800 99 88 665
Wobɛtumi afrɛ saa nɔmba yi firi ɛdwoada kɔsi memeneda 8 am kɔpem 8 pm
Frɛ ahoma nnyɛ adwuma kwasiada ne afoofi da.
“Online vaccination portal in Germani https://www.impfportal-niedersachsen.de
Wɔ Lower Saxony medical information center no wob3tumi ahwehwɛ adɔkotafoɔ a wɔka kasa ahodoɔ beberee.
https://www.arztauskunft-niedersachsen.de
Nnipa biara wɔ ho kwan sɛ ɔte afutusem fa ayaresa ho ansaana wabɔ paneɛ no.
wie kyerɛsɛ beaɛ biara a wo bɛwɔ paneɛ no,sɛ ɛyɛ abusua dɔkota anaa paneɛbɔ beaɛ no , nsemmisa biara a wowɔ no wobɛtumi abusa.
Sɛ wonnyan mfaa wo ho adwɛn wɔ paneɛwɔ no ho a , wobɛtumi afre neɛ odi dwuma no na wabisa no agyinatuo.
Wɔ Germani man mo ha no yɛwɔ adɔkotafoɔ a ɔmo nenam bɔ paneɛ no , adckotafoɔ a wɔwɔ mpɔtam ne wɔn a wɔwɔ nimdeɛ pii na waredare wɔ yareɛ no mu.Wɔ 2022 “ spring“ mu no “dentists“ ne “pharmacists“ bɛnya tumi a wɔde bɛbɔ paneɛ no.
Saa kuo yi nso ka wɔn a wɔwɔ paneɛ no ho.Ɛyɛ adɔkotafoɔ kuo a wɔ kyinikyini kɔ baabi tesɛ afie mu,mpaninfoɔ paa fie , baabi a refugeefoɔ teteɛ, beaɛ kumaa bi a nnipa beberee teɛ.
Saa adɔkotafoɔ yi yɛ bɛyɛ 200.Wɔbɔ paneɛ no ne kwanso wɔ baabiara a wɔ bɛkɔ biara.
Ɛha na wobɛnya nsem anaa nkratoɔ biara a wopɛ:
https://impfen-schuetzen-testen.de/impfen/
https://www.niedersachsen.de/Coronavirus
https://www.integrationsbeauftragte.de/ib-de/staatsministerin/corona
https://www.zusammengegencorona.de/
https://www.rki.de/DE/Content/Infekt/Impfen/ImpfungenAZ/COVID-19/COVID-19.html
Paneɛbɔ Mmra nsɛmmisa.
Aane .wɔ Germani man mu ha deɛ, Woankasa na wobɛkyerɛ sɛ wobɛbɔ paneɛ no anaa wonmmɔ.
Nanso sɛ wopɛsɛ woyɛ adwuma wɔ nnwumakuo bi mu a ɛyɛ ɔhyɛso sɛ wobɛbɔ paneɛ no.
Ɛfiri ɔbɛnem bosome 15.2022 rekɔ no saa ɔhyɛ yi bɛterɛ akɔ nnipa a wɔyɛ adwuma wɔ ayaresabea nyinaa.Nnipa a wɔmmɔɔ paneɛ no wɔ mmerɛ kakra bi a wɔ bɛtumi de anenam ayɛ deɛ ɔpɛ. Nhyehyɛeɛ bi aba a wɔde yɛ yareɛ kodiawuo yi ho anamontuo ho Saa nhyehyɛeɛ yi ne 3G,2G
ɛna 2G+
3G no kyerɛ sɛ:kwan da hɔ ma obiara a wabɔ paneɛ no,obiara ne ho atɔ no anaasɛ obiara a wanya “negative (rapid test/antigen test or PCR test)“wɔ da a wɔrekɔ nsra no.
2G kyerɛsɛ: kwan da hɔ ma obiara a wabɔ paneɛ no anaasɛ obiara a ne ho atɔ no
2G+ kyerɛsɛ: kwan da hɔ ma obiara wabɔ paneɛ no anaasɛ obiara ne ho atɔ no, nanso gyesɛ wo de biribi a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wanya “negative(rapid test/antigen test or PCR test)“wɔ da a worekɔ nsra no.
Daabi .yɛntwɛ obiara aso,paneeɛ no yɛ ɔpɛ so na mmom nnyɛ ɔhyɛ so.
Paneɛ no ne asylum nhyehyɛeɛ no wɔ biribi yɛ anaa?
Daabi.Sɛ wowɔ paneɛ no anaasɛ wannwɔ a, asotwe biara nni mu na ɛne asylum nhyehyɛeɛ no nni hwee yɛ.
“The Standing Commission (STIKO)na ɛkamfo paneɛ no kyerɛ vmanfoɔ wɔ Germany.Nipa dunsia(16) a w’akwadwere wɔ abɔdeɛ mu nyansapɛ na w’atu wɔn ho asi hɔ wɔ commisssion no mu.Saa nipa yi atu wɔn ho sɛ wɔ bɛ bua nsɛmmisa a ɛfa paneɛ ne nsaayareɛ nyinaa ano.wɔ san kamfo paneɛ no ma