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Mdauko wa chalo cha Malaŵi
[edit] Mdauko wa chalo cha Malaŵi
Viwangwa vya banthu awo bakafwa kale chomene vyaka million yimoza (1 million) na viyabiro vyawo vya malibwe vili kusangikako mu Malaŵi. Ndipo m’mphepete mwa nyanja ya Malaŵi mukuwoneka kuti mukakhalanga banthu vyaka pakati pa vikhwi makhumi yankhonde na vikhwi makhumi yankhondi na chimoza (50,000 to 60,000). Ndiposo viwangwa vya pamalo ghanyakhe vikuwoneska makhaliro gha banthu ngati banthu bakumafumiro ghazuba kwa Africa. Malo ghanyakheso ghakuwoneska viwangwa ivyo vikuwoneska banthu bakukozgana na banthu bamazuba ghano na bakukhala muthondo ivyo vikulongola kuti bakakhalanga malo agho mu vyaka vya muma 1500 Yesu wandaweko.
BaPwitikizi ndiwo bakaba bakwamba kufika ku Malaŵi muvyaka vwa mu vikhwi makhumi ghankhondi na chimoza (16th century). Kweni Bazungu bakwamba bakaba wati wiza sing’anga Dr. David Livingstone m’mphepete mwa nyanja ya Malaŵi mu chaka cha 1859. Kufuma apo, bazungu abo bakaba batebeti ba Chiuta baku Scotland bakayamba mipingo ku Malaŵi. Banthu aba chinthu chimoza icho bakatemwa chomene kukaba kumalizga malonda gha buzga ku Malaŵi. Ndipo m'chaka cha 1879 bazungu banandi, banandi ba iwo bakufuma ku Glasgow ku Scotland bakapanga bungwe la African Lakes kuti liguliskenge malonda ku batebeti ba Chiuta abo. Ndipo batebeti banyakhe, pamo na vibinda na balimi nawo bakayamba kuluta ku Malaŵi.
Mu chaka cha 1883 myimiliri wa boma la baNgerezi wakasoleka kuba m’moza wa balongozgi ba Nyasaland ndipo mu chaka cha 1891 Malaŵi, nyengo iyo wali kuchemeka Nyasaland, wakavumbatirika na baNgelezi kuba pa muwuso wawo (British Protectorate). Mu chaka cha 1915 John Chilembwe uyo wakatoleka kuluta ku Amerika na mliska Joseph Booth wakayezga kulimbana nawo baNgerezi aba awo bakachemekanga basamunda (colonialists) kweni chivundungwere chake chikachitapo chilichose yayi, ndipo bakamkoma.
Mu chaka cha 1944 banthu ngati ba Levi Ziliro Mumba bakayamba kabungwe ako bakakachema Nyasaland African Congress na fundo yakususka ivyo baNgelezi bakachitiranga banthu ba mu Nyasaland. Mu 1953 basamunda bakati basazga vyalo vya Nyasaland, Northern Rhodesia (sono Zambia) na Southern Rhodesia (sono Zimbabwe), Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland, banthu bakachikana chisazga ichi, ndipo bakalutizga chomene kugalukira. Dr. Hastings Kamuzu Banda wakati wafika ku Nyasaland pa 6 July mu chaka cha 1958, wakakwezga nkhongono za chigaluka ndipo mu 1959 bakamukaka nakumtuma ku Gweru, ku Rhodesia wa ku mwera. Mu 1960 bakamfumiska ku ukayidi kuti wakabepo pa ungano wakudumbiskana malango ku London.
Mu mwezi wachinayi pa dazi la chikhumi na chinkhondi mu 1961 chipani cha Malaŵi Congress (MCP) chikawina mu visankho vya Nyumba ya Malango (Legislative Council) ndipo chikaba na nkhongono mu bumba wakulamulira (Executive Council) ndipo chikayamba kunozgekera mubusu wa Nyasaland. Pa ungano wachibiri wakudumbiskana malango mu mwezi wachikhumi na chimoza (November) mu 1962 baNgerezi bakazomela kuti banthu ba ku Nyasaland babe wakujiwusa bekha chaka chikwiza chake ndipo pa dazi lakwamba la mwezi wachibiri (1 February) wa 1963 Kamuzu wakaba nduna yikulu ya Nyasaland. Mu mwezi wachinkhondi (May) malango ghaphya ghakayamba kugwira ntchito nakupa banthu ba ku Nyasaland kujiwusa bekha ndipo mu mwezi waumaliro wa 1963 pa dazi lawumaliro (31 December) Chisazga cha ma Rhodesia na Nyasaland chikamala. Mbwenu pa dazi la chinkhondi na chimoza la mwezi wa chinkhondi na chibiri (6 July) mu chaka cha 1964 Nyasaland wakapokera wanangwa wakujiwusa yekha ndipo pakati pajumpha vyaka vibiri (6 July 1966) bakaba malango gha ulongozgi wa iyo payekha-yekha (republican constitution) ndipo Kamuzu wakaba mulongozgi wake. Mu 1966 mukaba chivundungwere (cabinet crisis) mu mphala ya mlongozgi (cabinet) chifukwa banyakhe ngati bina Kanyama Chiume, Yatuta Chisiza, Henry Chipembere na banyakhe bakatemwa umo Kamuzu wakawusilanga yayi. Banyakhe bakakomekapo ndipo, banyakheso ngati Kanyama Chiume bakachimbira.
Mu 1970 Kamuzu wakakhala mlongozgi wa umoyo wake wose wa chipani cha Malaŵi Congress (MCP) ndipo mu 1971 bakamupanga kuti wabe mulongozgi wa Malaŵi umoyo wake wose.
BaMalaŵi bakatemwa chomene ulongozgi wa Kamuzu, chomene-chomene kuleka kuzomela kususkika kwake ndipo kuyambiliro ya vyaka vya mu ma 1990 balongozgi ba mpingo wa baRoma Roman Catholic bakalemba kalata yakususka ulongozgi wa nthena ndipo banthu bakayamba kuyowoya. Munthu m’moza uyo wakayowoyapo chomene wakaba Chakufwa Chihana uyo wakayowoyapo chomene apo wakaba kuwalo kwa Malaŵi ndipo wati wawelera ku Malaŵi bakamkaka.
Vyalo ivo vikuvwira Malaŵi na ndalama navyo vukakondwa yayi na ulongozgi wa Kamuzu ndipo vikamchichimizga kuti waleke banthu bayowoyenge. Mu 1992 Kamuzu wakazomelezga kuti banthu bayambe kuyowoya vyakusingo kwawo ndipo banthu bakapanga tumagulu twakudumba na boma (Pressure Groups) tubiri; kakwamba ka Alliance for Democracy (AFORD) ndipo kanyakhe ka United Democratic Front (UDF) nako kakapangika. Tumagulu utu tukachichizga Kamuzu kuti wazomele kuti banthu basankhe bekha naumo balongozgekerenge (referendum) pakati pa chipani chimoza na vipani vinandi ndipo Kamuzu wakazomela kuti vibe nthena. Pa chisankho ichi mu mwezi wachikhondi na chimoza pa dazi la chikhumi na chinayi banthu bakasankha kuti mu Malaŵi mube vipani vinandi ndipo tumagulu uto tukazgoka vipani.
Mu mwezi wachinkhondi mu 1994 chisankho chikachitika ndipo chipani cha UDF na mlongozgi wake bakawina. Bakili Muluzi bakaba mlongozgi wachibiri wa Malaŵi. Muluzi wakasintha malango yanandi, yanyakhe yake kuti pabe muvwiri-mlongozgi wachibiri (second vice-president) nakuzomelezgaso kuti banthu awo balikukakikapo bazomelezgeke kuba balongozgi (kwakuyana na malango ayo yakayamba kugwira ntchito pa 17 May 1994 munthu wanthena uyo wakazomelezgakanga yayi ndipo pakuti Muluzi wakakakikapo chifukwa cha kwiba mapaundi yankhondi na yimoza (£6) nthena wakatondeka kuzakayezgaposo kuti banthu bamsanke ulongozgi).
Pa chisankho cha mu 1999 Muluzi wakawinaso nanga uli banyakhe bakuti wakawina mwakwiba.
Pa nyengo iyi chalo mu cha Malaŵi ukavu wukakula chifukwa chakwiba ndalama za boma na kuleka kwendeska makola ndalama. Kukabaso kutemwerana na kupokela vimbundi (kuhonga).
Wati watondeka kuti bimiliri ba m’mphala ya malango basazgirepo vyaka vyakuti Muluzi wabe mulongozgi wakasankha Bingu wa Mutharika kuti wabe myimiliri wa chipani cha UDF ndipo pa chisankho cha mu 2004 wa Mutharika wakawina nanga uli wunenesko wa chisankho ichi wukumanyikwa makola yayi chifukwa kwiba kukaba kunandi ndipo vipani vyose, kupatulako cha UDF, vikati bendeski ba chisankho (electoral commission) bakendeska makola yayi chisankho ichi. Batumiki ba wupu wa European Union nawo bakayowoya nthena.
Bingu wa Mutharika wati waba mlongozgi banthu wanandi wakakondwera nayo – banandi bakuti wakuwusa makola ndiposo wayezga kumazga vimbundi, kwiba ndalama za boma nakuti banthu awo bakughanaghanika kuti bakibanga bayamba kubatolera ku khoti.


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ChiTumbuka
Ichi ni chiyowoyelo icho chikuyowoyeka ku mpoto na ku mpoto kwapakati pa chalo cha Malaŵi, kumwela kwa chalo cha Tanzania na kumafumilo ya zuba kwa chalo cha Zambia.
Chiyowoyelo ichi chikuyowoyeka na banthu bakuti mba Tumbuka pela yayi chifukwa mitundu yinyakhe ngeti mbaNgoni ba ku Mzimba mu Malaŵi bakuyowoyaso chiTumbuka.
ChiTumbuka ni chiyowoyelo icho chikuyowoyeka na banthu bakukwana pafupi-fupi ma million yanayi (4 million) mu vyalo ivi titatu vya Malaŵi, Tanzania na Zambia. Mu chalo cha Malaŵi, banthu wose ba kumpoto kwa chalo ichi bakuchemeka kuti mbaTumbuka nanga uli banandi mbamitundu yinyakhe ngeti baNgoni, baTonga, baNgonde, baLambya na banyakhe. Banandi bakufuma kuchigaba chakumpoto kwa Malaŵi, bakumanya kuyowoya chiTumbuka nangauli chiyowoyelo chawo chingaba chinyakhe.
- Vilapi mchiTumbuka
- Kachande kadelele kakwendelana
- Kuyenda nkhuvina

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Ili ni buku la nkhani izo zikacitika nadi. Nkhani zake zatoleka mu Buku lakuzirwa kuluska mabuku ghose pa caru capasi, Baibolo. Zikulongosora mbiri ya caru kufuma apo Ciuta wakayamba kulenga caru mupaka kufika lero. Zikuyowoyaso ivyo Ciuta wakulayizga kuti wazamucita munthazi.
Buku ili likupeleka cithuzithuzi ca ivyo vili mu Baibolo. Likuyowoya za ŵanthu ŵa mu Baibolo na vinthu ivyo ŵakacita. Likuyowoyaso za cilindizga ca umoyo wamuyirayira pa caru capasi ca paradiso ico Ciuta wapeleka ku ŵanthu.
Buku ili liri na nkhani zakukwana 116. Nkhani izi zaŵikika mu vigaŵa eyiti. Peji lakwamba la cigaŵa cilicose likuyowoya mwakudumura za ivyo vili mu cigaŵa ico. Nkhani izi zili mu ndondomeko ya umo vinthu vikacitikira mu mbiri. Ici cimovwiraninge kuti mumanye nyengo iyo cakucitika cilicose cikacitikira mu mdauko.
Nkhani zake ni zambura kusuzga kupulikiska. Ŵanandi ŵa imwe ŵana ŵacoko muŵazgenge pamwekha. Mwa ŵapapi musangenge kuti ŵana ŵinu ŵacoko ŵazamuŵa ŵakukondwa kuŵaŵazgira nkhani izi nyengo na nyengo. Muwonenge kuti buku ili ndakukondweska comene ku ŵana na ŵalara wuwo.
Mavesi gha mu Baibolo ghalembeka paumaliro pa nkhani yiliyose. Tikumuciskani kuti muŵazge mavesi agha mwenemumo mwafuma nkhani izi. Para mwamara kuŵazga nkhani yiliyose, wonani mafumbo gha nkhani iyo mwaŵazga, agho ghakwambira panthazi pa Nkhani Nambara 116.
Kalembero ka mavesi gha mu Baibolo mu buku lino kasinthika pacoko. Kasinthika kuti mavesi ghaŵe ghapusu kuti ŵana ŵaghapulikiske makora. Mwakusazgirapo, buku lino lalembeka mwakulondezga malango ghasono gha kalembero ka Citumbuka. Malemba agho ghalembeka paumaliro wa nkhani yiliyose ghakulongora apo nkhani iyo yatoleka mu Baibolo.


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Bakili Muluzi
[edit] Mdauko wa Mulongozgi wachibili wa chalo cha Malaŵi
Eleson Bakili Muluzi wakawako pa zuba la chikhumi, chinkhondi na chibili mu mwezi wachitatu (17 March) mu chaka cha 1943, mu boma la Machinga, kumwela kwa chalo cha Malaŵi..
Mu chaka cha 1968 Muluzi wakakakikapo chifukwa chakwiba ndalama za ku mphala (court) zakukwana £6 nyengo iyo Muluzi wakaba kalaliki (clerk) ku mphala iyo.
Muluzi wakanjila chipani cha Malaŵi Congress Party (MCP) ndipo wakatumikapo ku chalo chakuwalo kukapanga luso lwakugwiliska ntchito mathabwa (carpentry and joinery). Mu MCP Muluzi wakakwela ndipo wakabapo mulembi mulala (Administrative Secretary) wa chipani ichi. Chifukwa cha kuleka kwendeska makola chuma cha chipani, Muluzi wakachimbizgika mu chipani cha MCP ndipo wakayamba waka kuba wa malonda.
Ndyali za ku Malaŵi zikati zayamba kusintha, apo Kamuzu wakati banthu basankhe pakati pa kuti mu Malaŵi mube chipani chimoza panji vinandi, Muluzi wakaba mumoza wa banthu awo bakayamba ka gulu (Pressure Group) ka United Democratic Front ako pamoza na ka gulu kanyakhe kakuchemeka Alliance for Democracy (AFORD) bakavwilana kuphalila banthu kuti pa chisankho basankhe kuti kube vipani vinandi. Mu mwezi wachinkhondi na wumoza pa zuba la chinkhondi na chinayi (14 June) mu chaka cha 1993 banthu bakasankha kuti kube vipani vinandi ndipo gulu la UDF likazgoka chipani ndipo Muluzi ndiyo wakaba mulongozgi wa UDF.
Mu mwezi wachinkhondi pa zuba la chikhumi, yankhondi na yabili (17 May) mu chaka cha 1994 Muluzi wakasoleka kuba mulongozgi wa chalo cha Malaŵi. Pa muwoso wakwamba wa Muluzi wakasintha malango ya chalo (constitution) kuzomelezga munthu wakuti wali kukakikapo kuba mulongozgi, kuyambiska kuti kube wachitatu kwa mulongozgi (second vice-president) na malango yanandi kuti vimwendelenge iyo na chipani chake makola.
Mu mwezi wachinkhondi (May) 1999 Muluzi wakasolekaso kuba mulongozgi wa Malaŵi kachibili pa chisankho icho banyakhe bakuti Muluzi wakibila na kuti mweneko uyo wakawina ni Gwanda Chakwamba. Mu chaka cha 2002, Muluzi wakayezeska kuti malango ya chalo cha Malaŵi yasinthike kuti mulongozgi waleke kukanizgika kukhala vyaka vyakujumpha khumi. Kweni banthu bakakwiya na ivi ndipo nanga uli wakagula bayimilili ba ku mphala ya malango ba vipani vinyakhe mphala iyi yikakana kuti mulongozgi wazomelezgeke kuba mulongozgi vyaka vyakujumpha khumi.
Muwuso wa Muluzi wukaba wa vimbundi (kuhonga) na kwiba ndalama za boma chomene. Nduna na batebeti ba boma bakapokelanga vimbundi na kwiba ndalama za boma chomene ndipo chuma cha boma chikasakazikanga chomene ndiposo vinthu vinyakhe vinandi ngeti ni misewu yikanangika chomene. Ukavu nawo mu Malaŵi wukalutilila panthazi chomene chifukwa chakuti wovwili uwo boma likapokelanga wukamalilanga mu mathumba ya batebeti ba boma. Antheura banthu banandi muMalawi bakukhumba chara kuti Muluzi panyake abo bakukwaskana naye banjileso muboma.
Wati watondeka kusintha malango ya boma kuti wabe mulongozgi vyaka vyakujumpha khumi limoza, Muluzi wakasankha Bingu wa Mutharika kuti wabe wakwimilila chipani cha UDF pa chisankho cha mulongozgi. Mumalo mwakuti banthu ba UDF ndiwo basankhe munthu uyo bakakhumbanga, Muluzi wakabasankhila ndipo banyakhe mu UDF ngeti bena Aleke Banda, Harry Thomson, Justin Malewezi (uyo wakaba wachibili kwa mulongozgi nyengo yose ya muwuso wa Muluzi) bakakwiya ndipo bakachileka chipani cha UDF. Banandi bakuti Muluzi wakasankha Mutharika chifukwa wakaghana-ghananga kuti wawusenge ndiyo chifukwa Mutharika wamuwopenge iyo Muluzi, kweni Mutharika wawoneska kuti wakupulikila Muluzi yayi.
Pa nyengo iyo Muluzi wakaba mulongozgi, wakasambazga chomene chifukwa chakuhiba nakupokera vimbundi ndiposo wakagula malo yaweme ku Chichiri apo wali kuzengapo nyumba yake iyo yikuchemeka Keza Office Park na kugula magalimoto yanandi kwambula kulipila msonkho. Muluzi ndiyo yekha pa balongozgi wose ba Malaŵi uyo wakabevye masambilo yapachanya.
Pali banthu banyake mu UDF abo bakukhumba ngeti kuti Muluzi wangayimaso mu visankho vya presidente wa Malawi mu chaka cha 2008. Kweni Muluzi wakukana kuyowopo pa nkhani iyi. Wakakana kuyowoyapo pa nkhani ya "Third Term" apo sono tikumanya kuti wakakhumbisiska kuti wayimeso mchaka chira cha 2004. Nangawuli pali mayowoyelo agha, ntchakukayikiska kuti wazamuyimaso , ndipo kuti malinga wayimaso wangazakasoleka.


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MALOŴE KWA ŴANDU WOSOPE
Ana dini jawunami jili cici? Ana mkusakola canasa pamkuyiwona yakusakala yakutendekwa mlina lya dini? Ana mkusayiwona kuŵa yakusakala yindu cisawu ngondo, yitendo yakuwulasya yakwimucila boma, soni mteto wa yipupu yakusatenda ŵandu ŵakusati akusatumicila Mlungu? Ligongo cici dini jikuwoneka kuŵa jakutandikasya yakusawusya yejinji?
Ngaŵa kuti dini syosope sikusatandikasya yakusawusyayi, nambo jili dini jawunami jajikusatandikasya. Mundu jwakucimbicika, soni jwakumanyika mnope, Yesu Klistu, ŵalosisye kuti dini jawunami jikusatendekasya ŵandu kutenda yindu yakusakala. Yili mpela mwayikusaŵela kuti ‘citela cangalumbana cikusasogola yisogosi yangalumbana.’ (Matayo 7:15-17) Ana cili cisogosi catuli cajikusasogola dini jawunami?
DINI JAWUNAMI JIKUSAJINJILILA MU NGONDO, SONI MU NDALE: Magasini gakolanjikwa kuti Asiaweek gakuti; "ku Asia, soni m’yilambo yine, acimlongola ŵakusaka kola ulamusi wekulungwa akulamulila mwakusakala nganisyo sya ŵandu ŵa dini, pakusaka kuti yakusaka yakombolecele.” Ligongo lya yeleyi magasiniga gakukalamusya kuti: "Ŵandu mcilamboci komboleka kusokonecela nganisyo.” Mlongola jwakupikanika jwa dini ku United States ŵaŵecete kuti: "Mkusosekwa kuwulaga ŵandu ŵa yitendo yakwimucila boma yakuwulasya, kuti alece kuwulaga ŵandu.” Pambesi pakwe ŵaŵecete kuti: "Mkusosekwa kwawulaga wosope mu lina lya Ambuje.” Mwakulekangana ni maloŵega, Baibulo jikuti: "Naga jwine akuŵeceta kuti, ‘Ngusinanonyela Mlungu,’ nambo [acim’ŵengaga] mjakwe, ali jwa unami.” (1 Yohane 4:20) Yesu ŵayikene pakuŵeceta kuti, “mwanonyeleje amagongo ŵenu.” (Matayo 5:44) Ana sipali dini silingwa simkusimanya kuti ŵandu ŵakwe akusakamucisya ngondo?
DINI JAWUNAMI JIKUSAJIGANYA YIJIGANYO YAWUNAMI: Dini syejinji sikusajiganya kuti mundu pati awile umi ngawukusawa yimpepe ni cilu. Pakamulicisya masengo cijiganyo celeci, sine mwa dini syelesi sikusawuwona kuŵa upile wawo kwalamula mbiya ŵandu ŵawo kuti ŵapopelele acalongo ajawo ŵaŵawile. Baibulo jikusajiganya yakulekangana ni yeleyi. Jikusati: “Umi wakulemwawo ni wawuciwa.” (Ezekieli 18:4) "Ŵawumi akusamanyilila kuti caciwa; nambo pakwamba ya ŵawe, pangalikose cakusacimanyilila.” (Mlaliki 9:5) Yesu ŵajigenye kuti ŵandu ŵawe cacijimuka. Naga mundu pati awile umi ngawukusawa, nikuti kwimuka ku ŵawe mpaka kuŵe kwangasosekwa. (Yohane 11:11-25) Ana dini jenu jikusajiganya kuti mundu pati awile umi ngawukusawa?
DINI JAWUNAMI JIKUSALECELELA CILYELYE: M’yilambo yejinji dini sikusakunda acalume pane acakongwe ŵayitendo yagonana acalumepe pane acakongwepe kuŵa acakulungwa ŵa dini, soni sikusalimbikasya maboma kuti gajiticisye maulombela ga acakongwepe pane acalumepe. Atamose macalici gagakusati yitendo yacilyelye yili yakulemweceka, galecelele acimlongola ŵa dini ŵakutenda cilyelye ni ŵanace. Nambo ana Baibulo jikusajiganya cici? Jikuŵeceta mwangasisa kuti: “Mkasimnyenjekwa, pakuŵa atamose ŵa cilyelye, ŵakujilambila mitembe, ŵa cikululu, ŵakulisakasya ni acalume acimjawo . . . ngasajinjila kose mu ucimwene wa Mlungu.” (1 Akoli. 6:9, 10) Ana mkusimanyilila dini syasikusalecelela cilyelye?
Ana m’bujo muno cicitendekwa cici ku dini syasikusogola yisogosi yangalumbana? Yesu ŵakalamwisye kuti: "Citela cilicose cangasogola yisogosi yambone, akusacikata ni kuciponya pamoto.” (Matayo 7:19) Yisyene, dini jawunami cacijikata ni kujijonanga! Nambo ana yicitendekwa catuli, soni lyuwaci? Sagamisi syakulocesya syasikusimanikwa m’buku ja m’Baibulo ja Ciunukuko, caputala 17 ni 18, sikusala mwayiciŵela yeleyi.
Dini jawunami jikwete ulamusi pa "acayimwene wosope pacilambo”
"Kopokani mwa jwalakwe, ŵandu ŵangu”
Wanicisyani kuti jwamkongwe jwa cilyelye akwesile pa mgongo wa cilombo cakogoya. Cilomboci cikwete mitwe msano ni jiŵili, kwisa misengo likumi. (Ciunukuko 17:1-4) Ana jwamkongwe jwa cilyelye akwimila cici? Akwete ulamusi pa "acayimwene wosope pa cilambo.” Awete nguwo ja mlangali, akukamulicisya masengo ubani, soni ali jwakusicila mnope. Ligongo lya masenga gakwe gawunami, ‘ŵangosyo syosope anyenjekwe.’ (Ciunukuko 17:18; 18:12, 13, 23) Baibulo jikusatukamucisya kumanyilila kuti jwamkongwe jwacilyelyeju ali likuga lya dini lya pacilambo cosope. Ngakwimila dini jimpepe, nambo dini syosope syasikusasogola yisogosi yangalumbana.
Cilombo cakwesile jwamkongwe jwacilyelyeju cikwimila maulamusi gandale ga pacilamboci. (Ciunukuko 17:10-13) Dini jawunami jikwesile pamgongo wa cilombo candaleci, kulingalinga kucilamulila yitendo yakwe, soni kucilongola m’kajende kakwe.
Mwacangakaŵa cindu cakusimonjesya mnope cicitendekwe. "Misengo likumi jimwajiweni jila ni cilombo cila, [tiyicim’ŵenga] jwamkongwe jwa cilyelyejo, tacimsumula yosope yakwete ni kumleka makonope, tacilya mnowu wakwe ni kumjonanga ni moto.” (Ciunukuko 17:16) Mwakusisimucila, soni mwakutesya canasa, ŵakulamulila ŵandale cacijimucila dini jawunami, ni kujijonanga! Ana cici cacicitendekasya yeleyi? Buku ja m’Baibulo ja Ciunukuko jikusala kuti: "Mlungu ŵaŵisile ayi ku mtima kwawo kuti atende yakusaka yakwe.” (Ciunukuko 17:17, NW ) Mlungu cacijimba magambo dini jawunami ligongo lya yindu yosope yakusakala yajitesile mu lina lya Mlungu. Mwakuya cilungamo, cacipeleka cilango pakamulicisya masengo ŵandale ŵali najo pawuganja jwamkongwejo.
Ana mkusosekwa kutenda cici naga ngamkusaka kuti yim’wonecele yayiciwonecela dini jawunami? Ndumetume jwa Mlungu akuti, "kopokani mwa jwalakwe, ŵandu ŵangu.” (Ciunukuko 18:4, NW) Ajino ni ndaŵi jakutila kutyoka mu dini jawunami! Nambo ana mpaka mtilile kwaceni? Mkatilila kwa ŵangakulupilila kuti Mlungu apali, pakuŵa nombe nawosoni cacisimana ni yakusakala. (2 Atesalonika 1:6-9) Kwakutilila kwambone kuli ku dini jakuwona. Ana mpaka mjimanyilile catuli dini jakuwona?
Ana dini jakuwona jikusosekwa kusogola cisogosi cambone catuli? –Matayo 7:17.
MU DINI JAKUWONA CIPALI CINONYELO: Ŵakulambila ŵasyesyene "nganaŵa ŵa cilambo capasi,” ŵangali lusagu ligongo lyakulekangana mtundu pane ndamo, soni ‘akusanonyelana.’ (Yohane 13:35; 17:16; Masengo 10:34, 35) Mmalo mwakuwulagana, akusaŵa ŵakulinganicika kuwilana.—1 Yohane 3:16.
DINI JAKUWONA JIKUSAKULUPILILA MALOŴE GA MLUNGU: Mmalo mwakwiganya ‘misyungu,’ soni "[tumalamusi] twakupanganya ŵandu msape, ni mpela kuti gali malamusi ga Mlungu kwene,” dini jakuwona jikusajiganya kutyocela m’Maloŵe ga Mlungu, Baibulo. (Matayo 15:6-9) Ana ligongo cici? Ligongo "yosope yayili mmalemba yapelekwe ni Mlungu, yili ya cikamucisyo pakwiganya usyesyene, pakwamuka, pakolosya.”–2 Timoteo 3:16.
DINI JAKUWONA JIKUSALIMBIKASYA MAŴASA, SONI JIKUSAKUYA NDAMO SYAMBONE: Dini jakuwona jikusajiganya acalume "kwanonyela aciŵamkwawo, mpela mwele ŵanganyawo acimsyene akusayinonyelaga yiilu yawo.” Jikusakamucisya acakongwe ‘kwacimbicisya aciŵamkwawo,’ soni jikusajiganya ŵanace kuŵa ‘ŵakupikanila acinangolo ŵawo.’ (Aef. 5:28, 33; 6:1) Soni ŵakusaŵa ŵakulongolela akusaŵajilwa kuŵa ŵa ndamo syambone.–1 Timoteo 3:1-10.
Ana jipali dini jilijose jajikusatenda yindu yeleyi? Buku jakolanjikwa kuti Holocaust Politics, jijakopwece mu 2001, jikuti: "Ŵandu ŵajinji akatendeje yindu yasikutenda ni kulalicila Mboni sya Yehofa, kwawulaga Ayuda kuŵakutesile ŵa cipani ca Nazi ngamkanikutendekwa, soni kuwulaga kwine kulikose kwakumasya mtundu ngamkanikuŵa mkutendekwasoni pacilambo capasi.”
M’yilambo 235, Mboni sya Yehofa ngasikusagamba kulalicilape ndamo syambone sya m’Baibulo. Akusakola ndamo syambonesi. Tukumlimbikasya kwaŵenda ŵa Mboni sya Yehofa kuti amkamucisye kulijiganya yakusaka Mlungu kuti mtendeje kuti mumlambile mwakuŵajilwa. Ajino jili ndaŵi jambone kutenda yeleyi. Mkacelewa. Mbesi ja dini jawunami jiŵandicile!—Zefaniya 2:2, 3.


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Malawi/History of Northerners
[edit] Mdauko (history) wa baTumbuka, baNgoni, baTonga, baNgonde na mafuko yanyakhe ya kumpoto kwa Malaŵi
Mudauko wa baTumbuka
Bena Luhanga, Mkandawire na ba mitundu yinyakhe ndibo bene chalo cha Nkhamanga. Bina Gondwe mbalendo ku Nkhamanga, bakafumira ku Tanzania.
Mudauko wa ba Ngoni
Fuko la baNgoni likafumila ku mwela kwa Africa. Banthu aba mbamoza na baZulu ba ku South Africa ndipo bakiza madela gha ku Malaŵi ku mayambiliro gha vyaka vya mu ma 1800. Ba Ngoni aba bakachimbila muwuso wa nkhaza wa fumu yabo ya maZulu, Shaka Zulu. Mukwenda kwabo bakazgolanga bazga banthu abo bakabasanganga mu nthowa ngati mbaKalanga abo bakabatola cha kumpoto kwa chalo cha Botswana na kumanjiliro gha dazi gha chalo cha Zimbabwe.
Mu Malaŵi, baNgoni bakukhala mu maboma gha Mzimba, Mchinji, Dowa na Ntcheu/Dedza. BaNgoni abo bakuyoboya chiNgoni lero mbachoko chomene chifukwa bali kutola viyowoyelo vya banthu awo bakabasanga mumalo yose ayo bakukhala. BaNgoni ba ku Mzimba bakuyoboya chiTumbuka nanga uli mumalo ghanyakhe ngati kwaMpherembe bachali kuyoboya chiNgoni. Chomene-chomene chiwoboyelo chili kusintha chifukwa cha kunjililana kwa zinthengwa pakati pa mitundu yinandi, kusazgirapo pa upusu pakuyowoya kwa viyowoyelo vinyakhe. BaNgoni ba ku Mchinji bakuyowoya chiCheŵa na ChiSenga ndipo ba Ku Ntcheu/Dedza nawo bakuyowoya chiCheŵa.
Mudauko wa BaTonga
Malo agha ghakulindizga imwe kuti mulembepo!


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Bingu wa Mutharika
[edit] Mdauko wa mulongozgi wachitatu wa chalo cha Malaŵi
Bingu wa Mutharika wakababika Brightson Ryson Webster Thom mu mwezi wachibili pa zuba la makhumi yabili na yanayi (24 February) mu chaka cha 1934. Mutharika kwawo ni mu boma la Thyolo ilo lili pafupi-fupi ma kilomita makhumi yatatu (30) kufuma mu msumba wa Blantyre. Awiske ba Bingu bakaba basambizgi ba sukulu yakwamba (primary school). Wati wamalizga masambilo mu Malawi wakaluta na kukapanga masambilo ku sukulu ya masambilo yapachanya ya ku Delhi (University of Delhi) ku chalo cha India. Uku, Mutharika wakawukako na masambilo ayo pa chingelezi bakuti Masters Degree mu vyakukhwaskana na vyuma (Economics). Wati wamala masambilo ayo, wakapangaso masambilo yapachanya chomene (Doctorate Degree) ku sukulu ya Pacific Western University ku Los Angeles, mu chalo cha America.
Mutharika wakagwilapo ntchito mu boma mu vyalo vya Malaŵi na Zambia ndipo mu chaka cha 1978 Mutharika wakanjila ntchito ku United Nations uko wakakwela kufika pa kuba mulala wa nkhani ya chuma cha malonda na chitukuko (Director of Trade and Development Finance) mu Africa. Mu chaka cha 1991 Mutharika wakalembeka ntchito kuba mulala wa wupu wa vya malonda wa vyalo vya ku mafumilo ya zuba na ku mwela kwa Africa (Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa), COMESA.
Ku Malaŵi kwati kwayamba boma la vipani vinandi mu chaka cha 1993, Mutharika wakaba mumoza mwa banthu awo bakayamba chipani cha United Democratic Front (UDF) ndipo wakati wawona kuti wakupulikana yayi na wendeskelo wa Bakili Muluzi pa nkhani ya chuma cha Malaŵi, Mutharika wakayamba chipani chake chakuchemeka United Party mu chaka cha 1997. Mu 1999 Mutharika wakayezga kuyima pa chisankho cha mulongozgi wa Malaŵi kweni wakatondeka.
Bati bamuchimbizga ntchito ku COMESA, Mutharika wakagwilapo ntchito ngeti ni wachibili kwa mulala wa banki yikulu ya Malaŵi (Reserve Bank of Malaŵi) ndipo mu 2002 wakasoleka kuba nduna ya kunozga vya chuma na chitukuko (Economic Planning and Development).
Mu chaka cha 2003 Mutharika wakasoleka na Bakili Muluzi kuti wabe muyimilili wa chipani cha United Democratic Front (UDF) pa chisankho cha mulongozgi wa chalo cha Malaŵi. Nanga uli banthu banandi mu UDF bakakondwela yayi na kusankhika kwa Mutharika na Muluzi pa iyo yekha ndiposo banyakhe banandi bakafumamo muxo UDF chifukwa cha nkhani iyi, Mutharika wakachiyimilila chipani ichi ndipo pa chisankho icho chikachitika pa zuba la makhumi yabili la mwezi wachinkhondi (20 May) mu chaka cha 2004 Mutharika wakasoleka kuba mulongozgi wa Malaŵi pa chisankho icho banthu banandi, kusazgilapo bayimilili ba European Union bali kuti chikaba chakwibila. Pa zuba la makhumi yabili na chinayi mu mwezi wene uwu wachinkhondi (24 May) Mutharika wakazgoka mulongozgi wachitatu wa Malaŵi.
Banthu banandi bakaghana-ghananga kuti Mutharika wabenge ‘mzguka’ (puppet) wa Muluzi kweni pa myezi yakwamba Mutharika wawoneska kuti wapambana chomene na Muluzi uyo wakasakazanga na kwiba ndalama za boma.
Mutharika wakayamba makola chomene ulongozgi wake kweni vikuwoneka kuti nayo vimbundi ni vinanndi kuti waka wakwiba mwakuchenjela. Mutharika wakuwoneka kuti ni munthu mutesi chomene chifukwa vinandi ivyo wakuyowoya vikuwoneska wuchenjezi wake.
Pa zuba la 8 February 2006 Mutharika wakaphalila wupu wabaMalawi kuti wachibili wake Cassim Chilumpha wathula pasi udindo wake (m'machitiro) chifukwa chakugwenthagwentha mawungano (indaba) ghabalalabalala baboma. Nkhani iyi kuti yikakondweska baChilumpha chara, ndipo bakalitorela boma kukhoti. Panyengo yasono, Khoti lilikulamula kuti Khoti la Kendeskero ka charu ndilo liwunike kuti kasi wachibili kwa president wangathula pasi udindo mwantheura.
Muwoli wa Bingu wa Mutharika, Ethel Mutharika, uyo kwawo kukaba ku Zimbabwe wakafwa pa 28 May 2007 wakalwalanga matenda ya cancer. Pakwamba, nyumba ya boma yikakananga kuti muwoli wa Bingu wakulwala.
Pa 19 May 2009 Bingu wakasolekaso kuba mlongozgi wa chalo cha Malaŵi nangauli banthu banyakhe bakuti wakasoleka chifukwa wakiba ma voti yanandi. Wati wasolekaso munthu uyu wakayamba ulongozgi wa uchinyama ndipo wakayambiskaso kusankha pa kusola basambili bakuluta ku ma school ya secondary na ku malo yakusambililako vya pachanya (university).
Bingu wakatolaso mwanakazi munyakhe pa 17 April 2010 apo wakatolela Callista Chaponda Chimombo. Banthu banyakhe bakuti chibwezi cha Bingu na Callista chikayamba ndipo muwoli wakwamba wa Bingu wachali wamoyo.
Bingu wali kukoma banthu 19 pa zuba la 20 July 2011 pa zuba ilo ba Malaŵi bakawokeskanga kuleka kukondwa na umo chalo cha Malaŵi chikuyendeskekela.
Bingu wakafwa pa 5 April 2012 mtima wake wati waleka kugwira ntchito, icho pa chingerezi bakuti cardiac arrest ndipo wakayikika mu dindi pa 23 April 2012 ku munda wake uwo wakazenga na ndalama zakwiba wa Ndata. Banandi mu chalo cha Malaŵi bakakondwa chomene na nyifwa ya munthu uyu.
Pa zuba la 7 April 2012 mama Joyce Banda wakakhazikiskika kuba mulongozgi wa chalo cha Malaŵi nanga uli banyakhe bakakhumbanga kumuphanga ulongozgi uwo malango ya chalo cha Malaŵi yakamupa iyo pa kufwa kwa Bingu.


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Wonani so
UNENESKA wa vinthu wuli? Uneneska wa mafumbu nganyaki ngakukhumbika ukongwa ngo ŵanthu ŵakwamba kali kufumba. Panyaki imwi namwi mukufumbapu mafumbu nge ndi yanga:
Kumbi kwamuka kwa mafumbu yanga mungakusaniya pani? Pe mabuku nganandi ngo ngayesa kumuka mafumbu yanga, kweni nyengu zinandi mabuku yanga ngamuka mwakuyanana cha. Nganyaki ngagwira nchitu kanyengu kamanavi waka pavuli paki atingalembaso, pamwenga kulemba nganyaki ngo ngasele mu malu mwaki.
Kweni pe buku limoza pe lakugomezgeka lo limuka mwakukhorweska mafumbu yanga. Buku ili likamba uneneska. Ndichu chifukwa chaki Yesu wachiromba kwaku Chiuta wanguti: “Mazu ghinu mbuneneska.” (Yohane 17:17) Mazuŵa nganu tiziŵa kuti Mazu ngo Yesu wakambanga ndi Bayibolo. Pakuŵelenga kapepala yaka, muwonengi mo Bayibolo limukiya umampha mafumbu ngo nge pachanya yapa.
CHIFUKWA CHO ŴANTHU AFUMBIYA FUMBU ILI: Tija mu charu chenicho ŵanthu anandi wendi nkhaza ndipuso mbambura urunji. Kweniso visopa vinandi visambiza kuti ndi khumbu laku Chiuta kuti taŵanthu tisuzgikengi.
VYO BAYIBOLO LISAMBIZA: Chiuta ndiyu wachitiska vinthu viheni cha. Lemba la Jobu 34:10 lititi: “Chiŵe kutali ndi Chiuta kuti iyo wachiti ubendezi, ndipo chiŵe kutali ndi Wanthazizose kuti wabudi.” Chifukwa cha chanju chaki, Chiuta wakhumba kusintha charu kuti ŵanthu ŵazije pa chimangu. Ndichu chifukwa chaki Yesu wangutisambiza kuromba kuti: “Auskefwe mwaŵakuchanya, . . . Ufumu winu uze. Khumbu linu lichitike, panu pasi nge ndiko kuchanya.” (Mateyu 6:9, 10) Chiuta watitiphwere ukongwa, ndipu ngwakukhumbisiska kuti wafiski khumbu laki pa ŵanthu.—Yohane 3:16.
Wonani so Chiyambo 1:26-28; Yakobe 1:13; ndi 1 Petro 5:6, 7.
CHIFUKWA CHO ŴANTHU AFUMBIYA FUMBU ILI: Ŵanthu anandi atufwa pa nkhondu. Ndipu taŵanthu tosi tikwaskika ndi masuzgu nga mu charu.
VYO BAYIBOLO LISAMBIZA: Chiuta wakamba za nyengu yo wazamuchitiska kuti pa charu chosi chapasi paziŵi chimangu. Mu Ufumu waki, ŵanthu ‘ŵazamusambira so nkhondu cha.’ Kweni, “ŵazamsula malipanga ghawo kuŵa vyakulimiya.” (Yesaya 2:4) Ndipu Chiuta wazamutuzgapu masuzgu ndi uheni wosi. Bayibolo lilayizga kuti: “[Chiuta] waleskengeko sozi lose ku maso ghawo, ndi nyifwa kuti yikaŵangapo so cha; chingana nchitenje, chingana ndi nkhuta, chingana mburwirwi, kuti vikaŵangapo so cha: chifukwa vyakudankha vyo [kusazyapu uheni ndi masuzgu] vyarutapo.”—Chivumbuzi 21:3,4.
Wonani so Sumu 37:10, 11; 46:9; ndi Mika 4:1-4.
CHIFUKWA CHO ŴANTHU AFUMBIYA FUMBU ILI: Visopa vinandi visambiza kuti asani munthu wafwa, mzimu waki ulutiliya kuŵa ndi umoyu. Anyaki agomezga kuti ŵakufwa akhoza kupweteka ŵanthu amoyu, pamwenga kuti Chiuta walanga ŵanthu aheni ndi motu wamuyaya.
VYO BAYIBOLO LISAMBIZA: Asani munthu wafwa, umoyu waki umaliya penipo. Lemba la Wakutaula 9:5 lititi: “Ŵakufwa . . . ŵaziŵa kanthu cha.” Chifukwa chakuti iwu ŵaziŵa kanthu cha, ŵatuvwa kanthu cha, pamwenga kuchita chechosi cha, vingachitika cha kuti iwu apweteki pamwenga kovya ŵanthu amoyu.—Sumu 146:3, 4.
Wonani so Chiyambo 3:19 ndi Wakutaula 9:6, 10.
CHIFUKWA CHO ŴANTHU AFUMBIYA FUMBU ILI: Tosi tikhumba kuja ndi umoyu walikondwa pamoza ndi abali ŵidu. Ndichu chifukwa chaki tikhumbisiska kuziŵawona so abali ŵidu wosi wo akufwa.
VYO BAYIBOLO LISAMBIZA: Ŵanthu anandi wo akufwa azamuyukiskika. Yesu wakulayizga kuti, ‘ŵose ŵamu miunda . . . ŵazamutuwamu.’ (Yohane 5:28, 29) Mwakukolerana ndi khumbu lakudankha laku Chiuta, ŵanthu wo azamuyuka, azamukuŵa ndi mwaŵi wa kuja pa charu chapasi cha paradayisu. (Yesaya 65:21-22) Layizgu laku Yesu lisazgiyapu umoyu wambula matenda ndipuso wamuyaya ku ŵanthu ŵakuvwiya. Lekani Bayibolo likamba kuti: “Ŵakurunjika ŵaharenge charu, ndipo ŵakajanga paku cho muyaya.”—Sumu 37:29.
Wonani so Jobu 14:14, 15; Luka 7:11-17; ndi Machitidu 24:15.
CHIFUKWA CHO ŴANTHU AFUMBIYA FUMBU ILI: Ŵanthu ŵamuvisopa vyosi aromba. Kweni ndipuuli, anandi atijivwa kuti marombu ngawu ngamukika cha.
VYO BAYIBOLO LISAMBIZA: Yesu wakutisambiza kuti titenele cha kuwerezga marombu pamwenga kusunga pamtima. Iyu wanguti, “Pakuromba mungawerezgawerezga ŵaka cha.” (Mateyu 6:7) Asani tikhumba kuti Chiuta wavwi marombu ngidu, titenele kuromba mu nthowa yo iyu watiyizomerezga. Kweni chakudankha, tikhumbika kusambira vyo iyu wakhumba ndipu pavuli paki tingaromba mwakuyana ndi khumbu laki. Lemba la 1 Yohane 5:14 likonkhoska kuti: “Asani tipempha kanthu kwakuyana ndi khumbu [laku Chiuta] iyu watuvwa ifwe.”
Wonani so Sumu 65:2; Yohane 14:6, 14; ndi 1 Yohane 3:22.
CHIFUKWA CHO ŴANTHU AFUMBIYA FUMBU ILI: Ŵanthu anandi agomezga kuti angaŵa ndi umoyu walikondwa asani angaŵa akutowa, andalama ndipuso akutchuka. Mwaviyo, iwu apenjapenja vinthu ivi kweni umoyu walikondwa atiwusaniya mbwenu cha.
VYO BAYIBOLO LISAMBIZA: Pakukamba za mo ŵanthu angaŵiya ndi likondwa Yesu wanguti: ‘Mbamwaŵi ŵasauchi mu mzimu, pakuti ngwawu Ufumu wa kuchanya.’ (Mateyu 5:3) Tingasaniya umoyu walikondwa pija asani tingachitapu kanthu kuti timalisi nja yidu yauzimu, yakuti tiziŵi uneneska waku Chiuta ndi khumbu laki lo wakulenge isi taŵanthu. Uneneska uwu usanirika mu Bayibolo. Kuziŵa uneneska uwu kungatovya kuziŵa vinthu vyakwenere ndi vyambura kwenere. Kuzomerezga kuti uneneska wa mu Bayibolo ulongozgengi vyakusankha ndi vyakuchita vidu, kutichitiskengi kuŵa ndi umoyu walikondwa.—Luka 11:28.
Wonani so Nthanthi 3:5, 6, 13-18 ndi 1 Timote 6:9, 10.
Apa tawona waka fundu zimanavi za mwenimo Bayibolo lamukiya mafumbu 6 yanga. Kumbi mungayanja kuziŵa vinandi vyakujumpha yapa? Asani namwi mwe “ŵasauchi mu mzimu,” mutenere kuti mungayanja nadi kuziŵa vinandi. Panyaki mungaŵa ndi mafumbu nganyaki nge ndi yanga: ‘Asani Chiuta watitiphwere nadi, nchifukwa uli wazomerezga kuti pa charu paŵi uheni ndi masuzgu? Kumbi ndingachita wuli kuti umoyu wa banja langu uwi wa likondwa?’ Bayibolo limuka mwakukhorweska mafumbu yanga ndi nganyaki ngo mungaŵa nangu.
Chinanga wuli ve viyo, ŵanthu anandi aziŵaniza kuŵelenga Bayibolo. Atiliwona kuti ndakuvukiska kweniso ndakusuzga kulivwiska. Kumbi mungayanja kuti ŵanthu anyaki akuwovyeni kusaniya kwamuka kwa mafumbu yanga mu Bayibolo? Akaboni ŵaku Yehova ŵendi nthowa ziŵi zo zingamuwovyani.
Nthowa yakwamba ndi kabuku kakuti, Kumbi Chiuta Wakhumbanji Kwaku Isi? Kabuku yaka kakupangika kuti kawovyi ŵanthu kuwona mo Bayibolo limukiya mafumbu ngo ŵanthu atuŵa nangu. Nthowa yachiŵi ndi sambiru la Bayibolo lawezi la panyumba. Akaboni ŵaku Yehova angayanja kusambira namwi Bayibolo panyumba pinu pamwenga kwekosi ko mungayanja, kweniso panyengu yo imwi mungasankha sabata yeyosi. Sambiru ili lawovya ŵanthu anandi pa charu chosi chapasi. Ndipu anandi afika pakukamba mazu ngakukondweska ngakuti: “Ndasaniya uneneska!”
Paliviso chuma chinyaki cho tingasaniya kuphara cho che mu Bayibolo. Lititifwatuwa kuti tileki kugomezga vinthu nge mizimu, masaramusi, ndi misiku, kweniso kuti tileki kutimbanyizika maŵanaŵanu ndi kuti tileki kuŵa ndi mantha. Lititipaska chilindizga, likondwa kweniso lititikambiya chifukwa cho tikulengeke. Yesu wanguti: “Ndipo muziŵenge uneneska, ndipo uneneska wo usanduskenge imwe ŵanangwa.”—Yohane 8:32.


text:
MITU
ŴERENGANI nyuzipepala yeyosi. Woneriyani TV pamwenga vwisiyani wayilesi. Muvwengi nkhani zinandi zakukwaskana ndi kuswa marangu, nkhondu, ndipuso uchigeŵenga! Ŵanaŵaniyani so masuzgu nginu. Akhumba vinthu nge matenda pamwenga nyifwa ya wakwanjiwa winu vitikuchitiskani kuti musuzgikengi maŵanaŵanu. Mungajivwa nge mo munthu wamampha Jobu wangujivwiya, iyu wanguti, “masuzgu ngatindiziya ndipu ndilivi chipumulu.”—Jobu 3:26.
Jifumbeni kuti:
Bayibolo limuka mwakukhorweska mafumbu yanga.
“Waleskengeku sozi losi ku masu ngawu, ndi nyifwa kuti yikaŵangapu so cha; chingana nchitenje, chingana ndi nkhuta, chingana mburwirwi, kuti vikaŵangapu so cha.”—Chivumbuzi 21:4
“Ŵakupunduka ŵakaurukanga, uli ndi mphoyo.”—Yesaya 35:6
“Masu nga ŵachiburumutiya ngakabanukanga.”—Yesaya 35:5
“Wosi ŵamu miunda . . . ŵakatuwangamu.”—Yohane 5:28, 29
“Pakaŵangavi wakujamu mu muzi wo yo wakakambanga kuti, ‘Ndatama.’”—Yesaya 33:24
“Mu charu muŵi kurya kwakuzara.”—Sumu 72:16
Mungathaŵiriyanga cha kuwona nge kuti vo valembeka, ndi maŵanaŵanu waka ngakukhumba vinthu vamampha. Chiuta walayizga kuti wazamufiska vinthu ivi, ndipu Bayibolo likonkhoska mo iyu wazamuchitiya.
Kweni Bayibolo ndakwanduliska so munthowa zinandi. Likonkhoska nthowa yo yingakuwovyani kuti mukondwi ndi umoyu wakukhorweska nadi chinanga ndi mazuŵa nganu. Aŵanaŵaniyani dankha vinthu vo vitikufipiskani mtima kweniso masuzgu nginu. Vinthu ivi vingasazgapu kusoŵa ndalama, masuzgu nga m’banja, kutamatama pamwenga nyifwa ya wakwanjiwa winu. Bayibolo lingakuwovyani mo mungachitiya ndi masuzgu ngo mukumana nangu mazuŵa nganu ndipu lingakusisipuwani mwa kumuka mufumbu nge yanga:
Ukaboni wakuti mukhumba kuziŵa vo Bayibolo lisambiza ngwakuti sonu mwayamba kuŵerenga buku ili. Buku ili likuwovyeningi. Wonani kuti ndimi yeyosi ye ndi fumbu laki pakumaliya pa peji. Ŵanthu mamiliyoni nganandi akondwa kugwiriskiya nchitu nthowa ya mafumbu ndi kwamuka pakusambira Bayibolo ndi Akaboni aku Yehova. Te ndi chigomezgu chosi kuti namwi mukondwengi. Chiuta wakutumbikeni po mukondweskeka ndipuso kukhorwa pakusambira vo Bayibolo lisambiza weniukongwa!
BAYIBOLO likupangika ndi mabuku kweniso makalata ngakukwana 66. Mabuku yanga ngakugaŵika mu machaputala ndi mavesi kuti tingasaniyengi mwambula kusuzga. Po paŵikika lemba mu buku ili, nambala yakwamba yimiya chaputala cha buku pamwenga kalata ya m’Bayibolo, ndipu nambala yachiŵi yimiya vesi. Mwakuyeruzgiyapu, asani palembeka kuti “2 Timote 3:16,” ving’anamuwa kalata yachiŵi yakuluta kwaku Timote, chaputala 3 vesi 16.
Muswelengi cha kuliziŵiriya Bayibolo asani mujula ndi kuŵerenga malemba ngo ngaŵikika m’buku ili. Kweniso mungachita umampha ukongwa kuja ndi ndondomeku yakuŵerenge Bayibolo zuŵa lelosi. Asani mungaŵerenga machaputala ngatatu mpaka ngankhondi zuŵa lelosi, mumalizengi kuŵerenga Bayibolo losi lamphumphu mu chaka chimoza.


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Wonaniso
UNENESKO wa vici? Wakuti mumanye mazgoro gha mafumbo ghakuzirwa agho ŵanthu ŵakufumba. Mutepanji namwe mulikujifumbapo mafumbo agha:
Kasi mazgoro gha mafumbo agha mungaghasanga nkhu? Usange mungafumba ŵanthu ŵakupambanapambana, ŵapelekenge mazgoro ghakupambanapambana. Nanga mungafumba ŵanthu awo ŵakutemwa kusopa panji ŵaliska ŵa visopa, nawoso ŵamuzgoraninge mwakupambanapambana. Pa nyengo yasono ghanyake mwa mazgoro ghawo ghangawoneka ngati ngakwenelera, kweni para pajumpha nyengo yicoko waka, ghakuŵa ghambura kwenelera.
Kweni pali buku limoza ilo liri na mazgoro ghakugomezgeka. Buku ili likuyowoya unenesko wekhawekha. Pakulomba kwa Ciuta, Yesu wakati: “Mazgu ghinu mbunenesko.” (Yohane 17:17) Baibolo Lakupatulika ndilo ni mazgu ghaunenesko. Mu mapeji ghakulondezgapo agha muwonenge makora kuti Baibolo liri na mazgoro gha mafumbo agho ghali pacanya apa.
CIFUKWA ICO ŴANTHU ŴAKUFUMBIRA FUMBO ILI: Tikukhala mu caru ico nchakuzara na nkhaza, ndiposo ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakucita vinthu mwambura urunji. Visopa vinyake vikusambizga kuti ni khumbo la Ciuta kuti taŵanthu tisuzgikenge.
IVYO BAIBOLO LIKUSAMBIZGA: Ciuta ndiyo wakucitiska vinthu viheni yayi. Lemba la Job 34:10 likuti: ‘Kuŵe kutali kwa Ciuta kuti Iye wacite kwananga, na kwa Wankhongonozose kuti wacite ubendezi.’ Ciuta wakukhumba kuti wacitire ŵanthu vinthu viwemi comene. Ndico cifukwa cake Yesu wakatisambizga kulomba kuti: “Ŵadada ŵithu mwa ŵa kucanya, . . . Ufumu winu wize. Khumbo linu licitike pano pasi, nga nkhucanya.” (Mateyu 6:9, 10) Ciuta wakutipwelelera comene, ndipo ngwakukhumbisiska kuti wafiske cilato cake.—Yohane 3:16.
Wonaniso Genesis 1:26-28; Yakobe 1:13 na 1 Petros 5:6, 7.
CIFUKWA ICO ŴANTHU ŴAKUFUMBIRA FUMBO ILI: Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakufwa cifukwa ca nkhondo. Tose tikukwenyelera cifukwa ca masuzgo agho tikukumana nagho.
IVYO BAIBOLO LIKUSAMBIZGA: Ciuta walikuŵikirathu nyengo apo wazamwiziskira mtende pa caru cose capasi. Para Ufumu wa Ciuta wiza pa caru capasi, ŵanthu ‘ŵazamusambiraso nkhondo yayi.’ M’malo mwake, ‘ŵazamufura malupanga ghawo ghazgoke vyakulimira.’ (Yesaya 2:4) Ciuta wazamumazga vinthu vyambura urunji vyose ivyo vikucitika, ndiposo wazamumazga masuzgo ghose. Baibolo likulayizga kuti: “[Ciuta] wafyurenge sozi lose ku maso ghawo; ndipo nyifwa kuti yiti yiŵengekoso cara; panji nesi citengero kuti citi ciŵengekoso cara, nesi kulira, panji nesi kuŵinya: cifukwa vyakudanga vili kuluta.”—Civumbuzi 21:3, 4.
Wonaniso Salmo 37:10, 11; 46:9 na Mika 4:1-4.
CIFUKWA ICO ŴANTHU ŴAKUFUMBIRA FUMBO ILI: Visopa vinandi vikusambizga kuti munthu wali na mzimu uwo ukulutilira kuŵa wamoyo para munthu wafwa. Ŵanthu ŵa visopa vinyake ŵakugomezga kuti mizimu ya ŵakufwa yingapweteka panji kuwovwira ŵanthu ŵamoyo. Ŵanyake ŵakugomezga kuti Ciuta wakulanga ŵanthu awo ŵakacitanga uheni mwa kuŵaponya mu moto uwo ukugolera kwamuyirayira.
IVYO BAIBOLO LIKUSAMBIZGA: Para munthu wafwa, wakuleka kuŵako. Lemba la Mupharazgi 9:5 likuti: “Ŵakufwa kuti ŵakumanya kanthu cara.” Pakuti ŵakufwa ŵakumanya cilicose yayi, ndiposo ŵakupulika cilicose yayi, ipo iwo ŵangapweteka panji kovwira ŵanthu ŵamoyo yayi.—Salmo 146:3, 4.
Wonaniso Genesis 3:19 na Mupharazgi 9:6, 10.
CIFUKWA ICO ŴANTHU ŴAKUFUMBIRA FUMBO ILI: Tikukhumba kuŵa ŵamoyo, ndiposo kusangwa na awo tikuŵatemwa. Nchakawiro kukhumba kuzakawonanaso na ŵakutemweka ŵithu awo ŵali kufwa.
IVYO BAIBOLO LIKUSAMBIZGA: Ŵanandi mwa ŵanthu awo ŵali kufwa ŵazamuwuskika. Yesu wakalayizga kuti ‘awo ŵali mu malaro [gha cikumbusko] ŵazamupulika mazgu ghake, ndipo ŵazamufumamo.’ (Yohane 5:28, 29) Mwakuyana na khumbo lakudanga la Ciuta, awo ŵazamuwuskika ŵazamuŵa na mwaŵi wa kukhala mu paradiso pano pa caru capasi. (Luka 23:43) Layizgo ili likulongora kuti ŵanthu ŵakupulikira ŵazamukhala na umoyo wamuyirayira, ndiposo uwemi. Baibolo likuti: “Ŵakunyoroka ŵamkuhara caru na kukhala mwenemumo kwandanda.”—Salmo 37:29.
Wonaniso Job 14:14, 15; Luka 7:11-17 na Milimo 24:15.
CIFUKWA ICO ŴANTHU ŴAKUFUMBIRA FUMBO ILI: Pafupifupi mu visopa vyose ŵanthu ŵakulomba. Nangauli ŵakulomba, ŵanandi ŵakujipulika kuti malurombo ghawo ghakuzgoreka yayi.
IVYO BAIBOLO LIKUSAMBIZGA: Yesu wakatisambizga kuti tileke kuwerezga malurombo mwacizgoŵi waka. Iyo wakati: “Pa kulomba mungawerezgangawerezganga.” (Mateyu 6:7) Para tikukhumba kuti Ciuta wapulike malurombo ghithu, tikwenera kulomba mwakuyana na umo iyo wakukhumbira. Kuti ticite nthena, tikwenera kusambira khumbo la Ciuta, na kulomba mwakuyana na khumbo lake. Lemba la 1 Yohane 5:14 likuti: “Usange tikulomba kanthu kwakuyana na khumbo lake, wakutipulika.”
Wonaniso Salmo 65:2; Yohane 14:6, 14 na 1 Yohane 3:22.
CIFUKWA ICO ŴANTHU ŴAKUFUMBIRA FUMBO ILI: Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakugomezga kuti ndarama, kumanyikwa comene, na kuŵa wakutowa vikupangiska munthu kuŵa wakukondwa. Antheura, ŵakufukafuka comene kuti ŵasange vinthu ivi, kweni ŵakukondwa yayi.
IVYO BAIBOLO LIKUSAMBIZGA: Yesu wakayowoya ico cingapangiska munthu kuti waŵe wakukondwa. Iyo wakati: “[Mba mwaŵi ŵakavu mu mzimu: pakuti ngwawo Ufumu wa kucanya.” (Mateyu 5:3) Tingaŵa ŵakukondwa pekha para takhorweska njara yithu yauzimu mwakuti timumanye makora Ciuta, ndiposo kumanya ivyo wakukhumba kuticitira. Unenesko uwu ukusangika mu Baibolo. Kumanya unenesko uwu kungatovwira kuti timanye ico nchakuzirwa, ndiposo ico nchambura kuzirwa. Para tingalondezga ulongozgi wa Baibolo pakucita ivyo tikukhumba, tiŵenge ŵakukondwa comene.—Luka 11:28.
Wonaniso Zintharika 3:5, 6, 13-18 na 1 Timote 6:9, 10.
Tawona umo Baibolo lazgolera mafumbo ghankhondi na limoza agha. Kasi mungatemwa kuti mumanye vinandi? Usange namwe ndimwe ‘mukavu mwauzimu,’ tikukayika yayi kuti mukukhumba kumanya vinandi. Mutepanji namwe mukujifumba kuti: ‘Usange Ciuta wakutipwelelera, nchifukwa wuli wali kuzomerezga kuti vinthu viheni na masuzgo vicitikenge? Kasi ningacita wuli kuti umoyo wa mbumba yane uŵe uwemi?’ Baibolo likuzgora makora comene mafumbo agha, pamoza na ghanyake ghanandi.
Nangauli Baibolo likuzgora mafumbo ghanandi, kweni ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakunweka yayi kuti ŵaŵazgenge Baibolo. Iwo ŵakuwona Baibolo nga ni buku likuru comene ilo ndakusuzga kulipulikiska. Kasi mungatemwa kuti munthu munyake wamovwirani kusanga mazgoro mu Baibolo? Ŵakaboni ŵa Yehova ŵali na nthowa ziŵiri izo ŵangamovwilirani.
Nthowa yakwamba ni kusambira buku la mutu wakuti, Kasi Baibolo Likusambizgaci Comenecomene? Buku ili liri kulembeka kuti lovwire nanga ni awo mbakutangwanika kuti ŵasange mazgoro gha mafumbo ghakuzirwa comene mu Baibolo. Nthowa yaciŵiri ni sambiro la Baibolo la pa nyumba. Yumoza wa Ŵakaboni ŵa Yehova ngwakunozgeka kumusambizgani. Iyo wangiza ku nyumba kwinu kuti mudumbiskanenge Baibolo sabata yiliyose pa nyengo iyo imwe mwakhumbira. Ŵanthu mamiliyoni ghanandi ŵasanga candulo cifukwa ca kusambira Baibolo na Ŵakaboni ŵa Yehova. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵayowoya kuti: “Nasanga unenesko!”
Kulije kunyake uko munthu wangasanga unenesko. Unenesko wa mu Baibolo ukutifwatura ku vibizi, utimbanizgi, ndiposo wofi wambura kwenelera. Kweniso, unenesko wa mu Baibolo ukutipa cilindizga, ndiposo tikuŵa ŵakukondwa. Yesu wakati: “Muti mumanyiskenge unenesko, ndipo unenesko uti umuzgorani ŵanangwa.”—Yohane 8:32.


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Kumbi Bayibolo Lisambizanji Weniukongwa
Bayibolo likonkhoska nthowa yo yingakuwovyani kuti mukondwi ndi umoyu wakukhorweska nadi.
Chiuta
Kumbi Chiuta Wakhumbanji Kwaku Isi?
Kumbi visopa vosi vikondwesa Chiuta, pamwenga nchimoza pe? Kumbi mungachiziŵa wuli chisopa chauneneska?
- Ateŵeti Ŵaku Chiuta Atenele Kuŵa Atuŵa Ndipuso Achanda
- Vinthu Vyo Chiuta Watinkhana Navu
- Vigomezgu ndi Midawuku yambula Kukondweska Chiuta
- Kuzirwiska Umoyu ndi Ndopa
- Kumbi Mungachisaniya Wuli Chisopa Chawuneneska?
- Mo Akaboni Ŵaku Yehova Atendeske Vinthu
- Kovya Ŵanthu Kuchita Khumbu Laku Chiuta
- Vyo Munthu Wangachita Kuti Wayambi Kuteŵete Chiuta
Iyi ndi adiresi yo pasanirika vigomezu, visambizu ndipuso nchitu za Akaboni aku Yehova. Wupu wa Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc. ndi wupu wakuzomerezeka wo ugwiriskikiya nchitu ndi Akaboni aku Yehova.
Pemphu
Kumbi mungayanja kuja ndi sambiru linu la Bayibolo kuti muziŵi fundu zinandi za uneneska?
Buku Langu la Nkhani za M’Bayibolo
Buku ili likonkhoska nkhani zawuneneska. Nkhani izi zatuliya m’buku likulu ukongwa pacharu chosi chapasi, Bayibolo.
Kumbi mukhumba kuziŵa uneneska?
Uneneska wa vinthu wuli? Uneneska wa mafumbu nganyaki ngakukhumbika ukongwa ngo ŵanthu akwamba kali kufumba.


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Vyakumela
Vyakumela (Plantae)
[edit] Vyakumela m’Malaŵi
Mu chalo cha Malaŵi muli vyakumela vya mitundu yinandi. Muli makuni, utheka na vinyakhe ivyo vikusangika m’Malaŵi pela mu chalo chose chapasi. Makuni ya m’Malaŵi yakupambana-pambana kwakuyana na malo ayo makuni aya yakumelako.
Makuni yanyakhe ngakuchita kupandika na banthu ngeti makuni ayo pa Chingelezi bakuti ma blue gum, pine, gmelina, cypress, na yanyakhe yanandi. Makuni yakuti ngambula kwiza na banyakhe ni makuni ngeti makuni ya yembe (mango), mitundu ya mawolenji, (citrus),
Makuni yanyakhe ni aya: mubabani, thung’unda, minyozi ya mitundu-mitundu, kabeza, maqokolo, mavilo, masuku, matubeni (strawberry – tree type), mjejengwani, matowo, mulolo, makama, mphangala, kavundula, mono, matwatwa, matunduluka, buyu (baobab), mbula, chifiqe, mubanga, m’zobala, msipani, nthumbuzga za kalulu, kazando, masuju
Muliso mphangwe yakupambana pambana ngati: chindere, nyungu,


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Kasi Baibolo Likusambizgaci Comenecomene?
Baibolo likupeleka mazgoro ghakukhorweska ku mafumbo agha.
Ŵakaboni ŵa Yehova
Ŵakaboni ŵa Yehova—Kasi Iwo Mbanjani? Kasi Ncici Ico Iwo Ŵakugomezga?
Ndi khumbo la Ŵakaboni ŵa Yehova lakuti imwe muŵamanye makora.
Ciuta
Kasi Ncici Ico Ciuta Wakukhumba kwa Ise?
Kasi ndi visopa vyose ivyo vikumukondweska Ciuta, panji ncimoza pera? Mungaŵamanya uli Ŵakristu ŵaunenesko?
- Umo Kabuku Aka Kangagwiriskikira Ncito
- Umo Mungasangira Ivyo Ciuta Wakukhumba
- Ciuta Ndi Njani?
- Yesu Kristu Ndi Njani?
- Diabolosi Ndi Njani?
- Kasi Khumbo la Ciuta Kulazga ku Caru Capasi Ndakuti Uli?
- Kasi Ufumu wa Ciuta Ncici?
- Kusenderera kwa Ciuta mu Pempero
- Umoyo wa Mbumba Weneuwo Ukumukondweska Ciuta
- Ŵateŵeti ŵa Ciuta Ŵakwenera Kuŵa Ŵatuŵa
- Maluso Gheneagho Ciuta Wakutinka
- Vigomezgo na Maluso Gheneagho Ghakumukwiyiska Ciuta
- Kucindika Umoyo na Ndopa
- Ndi Mwauli umo Mungasangira Cisopa Caunenesko?
- Umo Ŵakaboni ŵa Yehova Ŵakurongozgekera
- Kovwira Ŵanji Kucita Khumbo la Ciuta
- Kusanka Kwinu kwa Kumteŵetera Ciuta
Iyi ni Webusayiti iyo yikulongosora vigomezgo, visambizgo, na milimo iyo Ŵakaboni ŵa Yehova ŵakucita. Iwo ŵakucita milimo yawo mwakovwirika na wupu wakuzomerezgeka wa Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc.
Buku Lane la Nkhani za mu Baibolo
Ili ni buku la nkhani izo zikacitika nadi. Nkhani zake zatoleka mu Buku lakuzirwa kuluska mabuku ghose pa caru capasi, Baibolo.
Kasi Mungatemwa Kumanya Unenesko?
Unenesko wa vici? Wakuti mumanye mazgoro gha mafumbo ghakuzirwa agho ŵanthu ŵakufumba.
Umaliro wa Cisopo Cautesi Uli Pafupi!
Kasi cisopo cautesi nchivici? Kasi cizamumara wuli? Kasi muzamukhwaskika wuli na umaliro wake?


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VIPATURO
PARA mukuŵazga nyuzipepara, kuwonelera TV, panji kupulikizga wayilesi, pakuŵa nkhani zinandi zakukhwaskana na kuleka kulondezga malango, nkhondo, na ucigeŵenga! Aghanaghanirani za masuzgo ghinu. Mutepanji matenda panji nyifwa ya wakutemweka winu ndiyo yikumusuzgani comene maghanoghano. Mungajipulika nga ni umo wakajipulikira mwanalume muwemi comene Yobu, uyo wakayowoya kuti wakaŵa na “masuzgo ghanandi.”—Job 10:15, The Holy Bible in the Language of Today.
Baibolo likupeleka mazgoro ghakukhorweska ku mafumbo agha.
Lekani kukana luŵiro kuti ivyo vyalembeka pa mapeji 4 na 5 vizamucitika yayi. Ciuta wali kulayizga kuti wacitenge vinthu ivi, ndipo Baibolo likulongosora umo wacitirenge.
“Wati wafyurenge sozi lose ku maso ghawo; ndipo nyifwa kuti yiti yiŵengekoso cara; panji nesi citengero kuti citi ciŵengekoso cara, nesi kulira, panji nesi kuŵinya: cifukwa vyakudanga vili kuluta.”—Civumbuzi 21:4
“Mugonthi [wakupendera] wadukenge nga ndi mphala.”—Yesaya 35:6
“Maso gha vinthuru [ŵacibulumutira] ghamkujurika.”—Yesaya 35:5
‘Wose awo ŵali mu malaro gha cikumbusko . . . ŵati ŵafumengemo.’—Yohane 5:28, 29
“Nanga njumoza wa ŵenecaru tiwanene, ‘Ndalwara.’”—Yesaya 33:24
“Kuŵenge fumpha ya vyakurya mu caru.”—Salmo 72:16
Ciuta wali kulayizga kuti wacitenge vinthu ivi, ndipo Baibolo likulongosora umo wacitirenge.
Baibolo lingamovwirani mu nthowa zinandi. Likulongora umo mungacitira kuti muŵe na umoyo uwemi nanga ni sono nthena. Aghanaghanirani pacoko waka ivyo mukwenjerwa navyo ndiposo masuzgo ghinu. Panji mukusuzgika na ukavu, masuzgo gha mu mbumba, ulwari, panji nyifwa ya wakutemweka winu. Baibolo lingamovwirani umo mungacitira na masuzgo agha. Kweniso lingamupembuzgani mwa kuzgora mafumbo agha:
Kuŵazga kwinu buku lino kukulongora kuti mukukhumba kuti mumanye ivyo Baibolo likusambizga. Buku lino limovwiraninge comene. Muwonenge kuti ndime zili na mafumbo pasi pake. Ŵanthu ŵanandi awo ŵakusambira Baibolo na Ŵakaboni ŵa Yehova ŵawona kuti nthowa yakudumbiskana mwa mafumbo na mazgoro njiwemi comene. Tili na cigomezgo kuti namwe muwonenge kuti nthowa iyi njiwemi comene. Yehova wamutumbikani peneapo mukusangwa na kusambira ivyo Baibolo likusambizga!
PALI mabuku 66 na makalata agho ghakupanga Baibolo. Mabuku na makalata agha vili kugaŵika mu vipaturo na mavesi kuti muleke kusuzgika kuvisanga. Para lemba lalongoleka mu buku lino, nambara yakwamba yikulongora cipaturo ca buku panji kalata, ndipo nambara yakulondezgapo yikwimira vesi. Mwaciyelezgero “2 Timote 3:16” cikung’anamura kuti kalata yaciŵiri ya Timote cipaturo 3, vesi 16.
Mulimanyenge mwaluŵiro Baibolo para mukuŵazga malemba agho ghalongoreka mu buku lino. Kweniso, kasi mungamba yayi kuŵazga Baibolo zuŵa lililose? Mwa kuŵazga vipaturo vitatu pa zuŵa, mungamalizga kuŵazga Baibolo lose mu cilimika cimoza.


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Malawi
Malaŵi ni chalo ichi chili ku mafumilo gha zuba na kumwela kwa Africa. Vyalo ivyo vikuzingilila Malaŵi ni Tanzania ku mpoto na kumafumilo gha zuba, Zambia kumpoto na kumanjililo gha zuba na Moçambique kumwela, kumafumilo na kumanjililo gha zuba. Ni chalo ichi pakwamba chikachemekanga Nyasaland mpaka mu chaka cha 1964 apo chikapokela wanangwa kufuma ku baNgelezi, pa zuba la chinkhondi na limoza la mwezi wachinkhondi na chibiri (6 July).
Pala mukukhumba ndondomeko ya nkhani za kukhwaskana na chalo cha Malaŵi, sankhani yimoza mwa mitu ya makani iyo yili pasi apa.


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AIDS
[edit] Matenda yambula mankhwala ya AIDS
Matenda yambula kuchiliskika ya AIDS yakwambika na kanthu kamoyo kadoko chomene kakuti tingakawona na maso yithu pela kwambula wovwiri wa mashini, (masenga ya bazungu) yayi ako pa chiNgelezi bakukachema kuti vayirasi (virus), panji titi ka jeremusi, ilo zina lake mu chiTumbuka tingati ni ‘kam’pangiski ka urwali uwo wukupangiska thupi la munthu kuti litondeke kurwa na matenda’ ndipo mu chiNgelezi bakukachema ‘Human Immuno-Deficiency Syndrome, pakufupikizga, HIV. Ka jeremusi aka kakuchimbizgika panji kukomeka mu thupi la munthu yayi chifukwa nkhachenjezi chomene ndipo kakusintha-sintha mwakuti mankhwala yakutondeka kukapanizizga makola kuti yakakome.
Matenda aya yakumala, chomene chomene banthu ba vyaka vyakugwira ntchito kufuma vyaka makhumi yabiri kufika makhumi yankhondi (20 to 50) ndipo ngakuti ise tose tivwilane kuti tiyatonde. Matenda aya yakutikhwaska tose. Tiyeni tose tibe barwi bakulimana nayo.
[edit] Nthowa za kutolera jeremusi la HIV ilo likwambiska AIDS
• Kugonana, panji tidumulizge waka nakuti: kugundana na munthu wakuti wali na jeremusi la HIV kwambula kugwiliska ntchito chiskango/chakuvikilira chamtundu wuliwose icho pa chiNgelezi bakuti condom ndiyo nthowa iyo banthu banandi bakutolera ka jeremusi aka.
• Kugwiliska ntchito vimeto (malezala) na masingano (njekishoni) yakuti munthu wakuti wali na ka jeremusi aka wagwiliskapo kale.
• Kupokela ndopa zakuti zili na jeremusi ili (mazuba ghano ku chipatala bakuzibekisiska chomene ndopa sono ndiko kuti nthowa iyi kuzirwa kwake kwachepa chomene).
• Kumyangana milomo (kukisana) na munthu wakuti wali na jeremusi ili nako kungakutoleska jeremusi ili chomene-chomene pala nawe wuli na vilonda panji wakhula jino mu m’lomo wako.
[edit] Nthowa zakuti munthu wangatolera yayi jeremusi la HIV
• Kukolana chasa na munthu wakuti wali na ka jeremusi aka pekha-pekha pala mose mwa babiri muli na vilonda mu mawoko yinu.
• Kulumika na nyimbo yakuti yaluma munthu wakuti wali na ke jeremusi aka
• Kuchezga na munthu wakuti wali na jeremusi ili.
• Mwakudumulizga titi nthowa zose zakuti ndopa, vilonda, maji ya’mthupi la munthu (kuwuskako masozi) ngeti ni vyakufuma ku zinkhule za banalume na banakazi (genital fluids including discharges) vikukhwaskana yayi zingamupa munthu ka jeremusi aka yayi.
[edit] Nthowa zakujipwelelera kuti tileke kutola matenda yaheni aya
Pakuti mbadoko bakuti bakutolera matenda aya mu masingano, vimeto na nthowa zinyake izo zingapangiska kuti vya maji-maji (body fluids) vya munthu uyo wali na kajeremusi aka vinjile mu thupi la munthu munyake, nthowa yakugomezgeka chomene, yakujumpha zinyake zose ni yakujikola – keleka kugonana (kugundana) na mwanalume panji mwanakazi waliyose mpaka nthengwa yiweme. Pambele mundatolane munthu uyo mwatemwana, mose mulute kuchipatala kuti bakamuyezgeni kuti mose muli makola. Pala kakwamba mose muli makola, mose muzizipizge ndipo muluteso kuti bakamuyazgeniso pala pajumpha myezi yitatu. Pala mose muchali makola ndiko kuti pala mose mwababiri mundapange ulebi pawevyenge suzgo lililose.
[edit] Vyakuti timanye makola
Munthu wakuti wali na kajeremusi ka HIV bakumanyikwa yayi. Wangaba wakututuba, wakuyonda, musambazgi, mukavu, mliska, msambizgi, mlimi, dokotala (doctor), na waliyoske. Banthu barwali na AIDS bachali banyithu na babali bithu, tibatemwe na kubavwira bakasankha yayi kuti barwale, nase tingazakarwala ndipo tizamuwonga na kukondwa pala banyithu bakuleka kutichimbila.
Kuchimbilira kuyezga mwanalume panji mwanakazi yayi, nyengo yinu yizenge yakuti imwe na uyo mwatolana nayo mu chitemwa muzampulika kunowa kwa kugundana, ntheula, jipwelelereni – chalo chinu chikumukhumbani – jisungeni mwabana bakwithu!


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Joyce Banda
Mama Joyce Hilda nyaMtila Banda wakaba wachibili kwa mulongozgi wa chalo cha Malaŵi kuyambila mu mwezi wa May mu chaka cha 2009 mpaka pa 5 epurelo 2012 apo wakafwila mulongozgi wa chalo cha Malaŵi, Bingu wa Mutharika.
Mama Joyce Banda wakawako pa 12 epurelo 1950 mu muzi wa Malemia mu boma la Zomba mu chalo cha Malaŵi. Mama uyu wakazgoka mulongozgi wa chalo cha Malaŵi wati wafwa mulongozgi wa chalo ichi Bingu wa Mutharika kweni wakakhazikiskika pa ulongozgi wati walapa pa 7 epurelo 2012. Mama Joyce Banda wakatengwa kwa Roy Kachale uyo wali nayo bana batatu mpaka mu chaka cha 1981 apo nthengwa yikamalila na Kachale. Sono mama uyu ni muwoli wa uyo wakaba mulala wa mphala yikulu ya chalo cha Malaŵi yakuchemeka Supreme Court of Appeal, badada Richard Banda.


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Hastings Kamuzu Banda
Ngwazi Dr. Hastings Kamuzu Banda wakaba mlongozgi (president) wakwamba wa chalo cha Malaŵi. Dr. Banda wakababika mu March mu chaka cha 1898 ku Mtunthama mu Boma la Kasungu. Wakati wakumana na bazungu abo bakaba batebeti ba Chiuta (missionaries) bakufuma ku Scotland ba mpingo wa Church of Scotland uwo sono ku Malaŵi wukuchemeka CCAP (Church of Central Africa Presbyterian) mu chaka cha 1905 mu mwezi wa chinkhondi na chibiri (July) Dr. Banda wakatemwa chomene masambiro ndipo wakaluta ku School ya Mutunthama ku Kasungu iyo yikaba pasi pa Khondowe Mission ya uko sono kukuchemeka Livingstonia. Chifukwa chakutemwa masambiro, mu chaka cha 1915 mu April, Dr. Banda wakanyamuka ku Malaŵi paulendo wakuluta ku Rhodesia (sono Zimbabwe) uko wakafumako mu December 1916 kuluta ku South Africa. Wakagwirapo zintchito nakupanga masambiro ku South Africa mpaka mu July 1925 apo wakaluta ku America uko wakapanga masambiro ya ung'anga wachizungu (Doctor of Medicine)pa Meharry Medical College, ku Nashville, mu chigaba cha Tennesse ku America ,ndipo wakamalizga mu May 1937. Mu August 1937 Dr. Banda wakaluta ku chalo cha baNgerezi uko wakalutizga masambiro ghake gha uDoctor ku Liverpool mu July 1941 na London mu May 1945. Vikati vyalema kukhala na bazungu, Dr. Banda wakaluta ku Kumasi ku Ghana mu August 1953. Ndyale za ku Nyasaland zikati zasuzga, Dr. Banda wakawelera ku Nyasaland pa 6 July 1958. Pa 6 July 1964 Nyasaland wakapokera wanangwa kufuma ku England ndipo wakasintha zina la Nyasaland kuba Malaŵi. Dr. Banda wakaba nduna yakwamba (Prime Minister) wa chalo cha Malaŵi. Malaŵi wakatola wanangwa wake wose pa 6 July 1966 apo Dr. Banda wakawa mlongozgi (President) wake. Dr Banda wakaba mlongozgi wa Malaŵi mpaka mu May 1994 apo Bakili Muluzi wakasankhika kukhala mlongozgi. Mu May 2004 Muluzi wati watondeka kusintha malango gha Malaŵi (constitution) kuti wabe mlongozgi vyaka vinandi Bingu wa Mutharika wakasoleka kuba mlongozgi wachitatu wa Malaŵi. Dr. Banda wakakwezgha chalu cha Malaŵi chomene ndipo wakazenga vinthu vinandi nyengo iwo wakaba mlongozgi wa Malaŵi. Pa vinyake ivyo wakazenga, ndi ivi: school ya pachanya chomene ya Kamuzu Academy ku Mtunthama uko wakababikira iyo yikajulika pa 21 November 1981; University of Malaŵi na nyumba za Boma na vinthu vinyake vinandi. Dr. Banda wakatayika pa 25 November mu chaka cha 1997.
Sono boma la Malaŵi lamuzengela Kamuzu dindi liweme ilo lijulikenge ku banthu sono-sono. Dindi ili lili pafupi na malo ghakukumbukilapo bakufwa pa nkhondo (War Memorial) ya ku Lilongwe. Mulongozgi Bingu wa Mutharika wakuyezga-yezga kuti wabe nga ndi Kamuzu pavyakuchita vinyake, kweni kuti wafikengepo pa Nkhwantha yila yayi. Nimwana chomene pa mahala kwa Kamuzu.


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BaMalawi
[edit] Mitundu ya ba Malaŵi
Mu chalo cha Malaŵi muli banthu ba mitundu yinandi. Apa, tilongosolengepo mitundu yikulu ya banthu ba mu Malaŵi.
[edit] Ba Tumbuka
Ba Tumbuka ni banthu awo bakusangika mu Malaŵi ku chigaba cha ku mpoto. Ba Tumbuka beneko bakusangika kufumila ku mwela kwa boma la Karonga kufikila ku mpoto kwa boma la Mzimba. Ba Tumbuka bakafumila mu mphepete mwa mulonga wa Congo ndipo bakiza mu Malaŵi mu vyaka vya muma 1700.
[edit] Ba Ngoni
Ba Ngoni ni banthu awo mbamoza na mitundu ya ba Xhosa, ba Zulu na ba Swazi ba ku South Africa. Ba Ngoni bakaba na tumitundu (clans) tubili uto tukaba twa ba Zulu awo fumu yawo yakaba Tchaka (banyakhe bakulemba ‘Shaka’) na ba Ndwandwe awo fumu yawo yakaba Zwide. Mu cha 1818 banthu ba Zwide awo bakalongozgeka na Soshangane, Zwangendaba na Nxaba na banthu ba Tchaka awo bakalongozgeka na Mzilikazi na Mgobozi. Balwi ba Tchaka bakaba na nkhongono kuluska ba Zwide ndipo balwi ba Zwide bakati batondeka pa nkhondo iyi Zwide na banthu bake bakachimbilila ku chalo cha ba Sotho uko Zwide wakafwila. Soshangane wakachimbilila ku Moçambique ndipo Nxaba na Zwangendaba bakachimbilila ku Zimbabwe. Mu chaka cha 1826 Zwangendaba wakamuvya Tchaka ndipo bakatondekaso ndipo wakachimbilila ku Moçambique kwa Soshangane. Bakakhala makola nyengo yichoko ndipo mu 1831 bakayambana na kulwa apo Zwangendaba wakawukako na kuluta ku Zimbabwe. Ku Zimbabwe wakakhalapo na babali bake awo bakaluta ku Zimbabwe na Nxaba kweni bakapulikana makola yayi ndipo bakalwanaso bekha-bekha. Pakwamba Zwangendaba wakabatonda banthu awo bakaluta ku Zimbabwe na Nxaba ndipo bakachimbilila kwa Nxaba. Bati basazgana na Nxaba bakamukonda Zwangendaba ndipo Zwangendaba wakayenda-yenda mu Zimbabwe nakulwa na ba Shona na ba Kalanga, kugula bespoke ba mitundu iyi kuba badge na kupoka ng’ombe zawo. Bena Soko, Tembo, Nyangulu, Chibambo na ba viwongo vinyakhe awo bakusangika pamoza na ba Ngoni mba Kalanga. Chifukwa cha kuwopa banthu ba Nxaba, ba Soshangane na ba Mzilikazi, Zwangendaba wakawukako ku Zimbabwe ndipo wakakhupuka mulonga wa Zambezi pa Zumbo, malo ayo Luangwa wakuthilila mu Zambezi mu mwezi wachikhumi na umoza (November) mu chaka cha 1835. Wati wakhala mu chalo cha ba Nsenga vyaka vinayi, mu 1839 Zwangendaba wakanjila mu chalo icho sono ni Malaŵi pa malo yikuchemeka Mabili pafupi na ku Loudon. Apo ndipo M'mbelwa, mwana wa Zwangendaba na muwoli wake Mnene wakababikila. Wati walwala, Zwangendaba wakasankha kuti mwana wake wa muwoli wake Mnene, M’mbelwa ndiyo wabe fumu pala iyo wafwa kuleka mwana wake wakwamba, Mpezeni. Pa Mabili wati wasanga kuti banthu ba chiCheŵa na ba chiTumbuka balije ng’ombe, Zwangendaba wakaukapo mu chaka cha 1845 nakuluta ku Tanganyika na kukakhala ku mafumilo ya zuba ya nyanja ya Tanganyika ndipo wakazenga mu chalo cha bachiFipa. Ku Tanganyika bana ba Zwangendaba wakapatukana: Mpezeni wakaluta kumanjililo ya zuba cha ku mwela ku chalo cha ba Bemba na ba Bisa apo M’mbelwa wakakhala kuko ku Tanganyika. Mpezeni wakamalila ku Chipata na Mchinji mu vyalo vya Zambia na Malaŵi. Mu chaka cha 1855 banthu awo bakaba na M’mbelwa wakawelako ku Tanganyika na kukhalapo ku Henga apo M’mbelwa wakazgoka fumu ndipo bakakhalapo nyengo yidoko. Bakati bafuma pa malo apa bakazakazenga mu Mzimba.
[edit] ba Cheŵa
Ba Cheŵa, ngeti ba Tumbuka, bakafumila mu mphepete mwa mulonga wa Congo. Ba Cheŵa ni bamoza ba banthu bakwamba kwiza mu chalo cha Malaŵi. Nyengo yeneko iyo ba Cheŵa bakizila mu Malaŵi (na vyalo vya Zambia na Moçambique) yikumanyikwa makola yayi kweni banyakhe bakughana-ghana kuti ni vyaka vya muma 1400 Yesu wati wawako (AD). Bakati bafika ku mafumilo ya zuba ya chalo icho sono ni Zambia, banyakhe bakagonanga pachanya pa phili ndipo banyakhe bakazenganga tu visakasa. Bakugona mu mapili bakamba kubachema mwa myati kuti mbena Phiri ndipo bakugona mu visakasa bakachemekanga ba Banda. Kuyambila apa tumagulu tubili twa banthu aba tukaba na mazina ya bena Banda na bena Phiri. Mu malo ayo ba Cheŵa bakayendanga bakasanganga banthu banyakhe ngeti ni banthu bafupi chomene awo bakuchemeka ba bathwa panjiso bakafula. Chifukwa cha nkhani ya malonda, ba Cheŵa bakalwapo na ba banthu ba chi Phwitikizi mu vyaka muma 1588 ku malo yikuchemeka Kilwa na Mombasa ndipo bakatondeka padoko waka kupoka malo ya Malindi. Ba Phwitikizi bati bawona nthena, bakatumizga balwi banyakhe mu chaka cha 1592 kweni nawo bakatondeka kubatonda ba Cheŵa. Ba Cheŵa bakumanyikwa na luso lwa kuvina ‘Nyau’ uyo ni gule uyo bakuvina bakuvwala chakubisa kumaso. Kweni gule uyu wakukwaskanaso na vya ufwiti.
[edit] ba Tonga
Ngeti mba Tumbuka na ba Cheŵa, ba Tonga nawo bakafumila mu mphepete mwa mulonga wa Congo.
Nxaba should ahve been written Xaba. This is a small clan under the Ngini speaking people that thas now spread country wide in Malawi. There are those in Kasenga area (MBalachanda Boma), Ekwendeni, Emtshengula, Enukwini, Edindeni, all these are Northern Regions of Malawi that is very close to the Zambian border post. Some have settled in Rumphi, Mzuzu, Nkhota Kota aND nHKHATHA bAY. Before spreading all over Malawi, they settled as one clan under Chindi Jere in Mthwalo.


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Vinyama
Vinyama (Animalia)
[edit] Vinyama vya m’Malaŵi
Mu chalo cha Malaŵi muli vinyama vya mitundu-mitundu. Pali vinyama vya m’thengele ivyo vikulya chomene utheka ivo pa Chingelezi bakuvichema herbivores, ivyo vikulya vinyama vinyakhe ivyo pa Chingelezi bakuvichema carnivores na ivyo vikulya vinyama vinyakhe na utheka wuwo ivyo bakuti ma omnivores. Vinyama ivi ni vinyama vyapasi na tuyuni wuwo.
[edit] Vinyama vyakulya utheka
Vinyama ivyo vikulya utheka m’Malaŵi ni vinyama ngeti ni ivi: njati (buffalo), mtundu wa nyiska (antelope), kalulu (hare/rabbit), mbabala (eland), ngulube (warthog), boli (zebra), chipembele (rhinoceros), chigwele (hippopotamus), ndlovu (elephant), Njati (Buffalo), Ntandala (antelope), Chikwiba (Waterbuck)
[edit] Vinyama vyakulya vinyakhe
Vinyama vya mtundu uwu ni vinyama ngeti ni nkhalamu (lion), nyalubwe (leopard), chimbwe (hyena),
[edit] Vinyama vyakulya utheka na vinyama vinyakhe
Vinyama ivi ni vinyama ngeti ni ba munkhwele (monkeys and apes), kambwe (fox), mbeba (rats/mice),
[edit] Viyuni
Viyuni navyo m’Malaŵi ni vinandi. Viyuni ivyo vikusangika chomene ni viyuni ngeti ivi: phululu (owl), kabelu-belu (sparrow), njiba (dove), chaholi (crow/raven), chababi (eagle), nkhanga (guinea fowl), nkhwali (),
[edit] Vinyama vinyakhe
Vinyama vinyakhe ivyo vikusangika m’Malaŵi ni vinyama ngeti ni ng’wina (crocodile), kababa (alligator), njoka (snake) ngeti ni nkhomi (black mamba), chipili (cobra), chikho (puff adder), nkhukuluzi (cricket), somba za mitundu-mitundu ngeti ni mulamba (catfish), chambo, sanjika na zinyake-zinyake.


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Katekisma wa Heildelberg
Katekisma wa Heildelberg[1] wakalembeka mu msumba wa Heidelberg mwakupempheka na mlongozgi walumbiri lwake uyo wakachemekanga Fredrick wachitatu wa chigaba cha Palatinate mu charu cha German, mvyaka vya pakati pa 1559 na 1576. Fumu iyi, iyo yikaba yikhristu yikasankha Zacharius Ursinus uyo wakaba na Virimika 28, msambizgi wa mazgu gha Chiuta pa sukulu ya unkhwantha ya Heidelberg na Caspar Olevianus wa Virimika 26, uyo wakaba m’phurazgi ku nyumba ya ufumu, kuti balembe buku la Katekisma lakusambizgira baukirano kweniso kuvwira baliska na basambizgi.


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Yesu Khristu
Yesu Khristu
Apo Yesu wakaŵa wandababike, Baibolo likayowoyerathu kuti kwizenge munthu wakutumika na Ciuta kuzakaŵa Mesiya, panji Khristu. Zina lakuti “Mesiya” (ilo ndakufuma ku lizgu la Cihebere) na Khristu (ilo ndakufuma ku lizgu la Cigiriki) ghose ghakung’anamura “Wakuphakazgika.” Mesiya wakenera nadi kuphakazgika na mzimu wa Ciuta; ico cikung’anamura kwimikika na Ciuta kuti wacite nchito yakuzirwa. Mu vipaturo vyakunthazi mu buku lino, tisambirenge vinandi vyakukhwaskana na udindo wa Mesiya wakufiska vinthu ivyo Ciuta wakalayizga.


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Lilongwe
Lilongwe ndiwo msumba wukulu wa boma mu Malaŵi (capital city).
Kuli chibanja chikulu cha Kamuzu International Airport, mphala ya malango, chipatala chikulu na vinthu vinandi vyakwenelera kuba mu msumba wukulu. Lilongwe wali pamalo pa katondo ntheula vyuvyu ni suzgo chomene mumalo yanandi ya msumba uwu. University ya Malaŵi yili na vigaba vibiri mu Lilongwe, koleji (college) ya vya ulimi ya Bunda na koleji ya unesi (nursing) ya Kamuzu. Msumba uwu wukasankhika chifukwa chakuti wuli pakati pa chalo cha Malaŵi ntheula nkhupusu na kufupiko kuluta kulikose m’Malaŵi kufuma ku Lilongwe kuluskana na ku Zomba, uwo wukaba msumba wukulu mpaka mu chaka cha 1975. Boma la Lilongwe ndilo lili na banthu banandi chomene pa maboma yose mu Malaŵi – muli banthu pafupi-fupi 1.6 million – Lilongwe payekha wali na banthu bakujumpha chigaba cha kumpoto chose.


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Uko chili chalo cha Malaŵi
[edit] Uko chili chalo cha Malaŵi (Geography)
[edit] Malaŵi na bazengezgana bake mu Africa
Malaŵi ni chalo icho chilli kumafumilo ya zuba chakumwelako kwa chalo chikulu chakuti chili na vyalo vinyakhe (continent) cha Africa. Chalo cha Malaŵi chilli kuzingirizgika na vyalo vya Tanzania icho chili na mphaka na Malaŵi yakukwana ma kilometre 475 ku kumafumilo ya zuba cha ku mpoto, chalo cha Zambia kumanjiliro ya zuba cha kumpoto chili na mphaka ya ma kilometre 837, ndipo chalo cha Moçambique kumafumilo na kumanjiliro ya zuba chakumwela chili na mphaka na Malaŵi yakukwana ma kilometre 1,569, kukwaniska mphaka yose ya Malaŵi kuti yikwane ma kilometre 2,881. Indange ilawana eryelo hensili.
[edit] Vigaba na maboma
Malaŵi wali na vigaba vitatu: cha ku mpoto, chapakati na chakumwela.
Ku mpoto kuli maboma yankhondi na limoza ayo, kufumila kumpoto kukhilanga, ni Chitipa, Karonga, Rumphi, Mzimba, Nkhata-Bay na Likoma. Likoma ni boma ilo likupangika pakusazga tuvilumba twa Likoma na Chizumulo uto tuli mu nyanja ya Malaŵi, kumafumilo ya zuba ya Nkhata-Bay. Tuvilumba utu tuli kufupi na Moçambique kuluska na Malaŵi. Banthu banyakhe bakughana-ghana kuti boma la Likoma likapangikila vifukwa vya ndyale chifukwa banthu awo bakukhala uku mbanandi vibi yayi. Boma la Mzimba ndilo ndikulu chomene kumpoto na mu Malaŵi mose. Msumba wa Mzuzu wuli mu Mzimba ndipo ndiko kuli malo yakusambilirako yapachanya ayo yakuchemeka Mzuzu University. Ku Mzuzu kukukhala banthu cha mu ma 125,000. Kumpoto kose kukughana-ghanika kuti kuli banthu bakukwana 1.4 million ndipo ndicho chigaba chambula kutukuka chomene ku Malaŵi. Kulije kwakudeka (chibanja) ndege zikulu ndiposo kulijeso sitima ya pa mtunda (njanji). Boma la Chitipa ni boma lekha mu Malaŵi lakuti kulije msewu waphula (tarmac). Mu Mzimba muliso thengere lakuchita kupandika na munthu la Viphya ilo likuba ngeti ni thengere likulu chomene pa mathengere yose yakupandika na banthu mu Africa mose. Ku Rumphi kuli malo yakupangila magesi kufuma kumaji (hydroelectric power station) pamalo yakuchemeka Wovwe.
Pakati pali maboma yankhondi na yanayi ayo, kwambira ya ku mpoto, ni Kasungu (uko kukaba kwawo kwa a chipondi Dr. H Kamuzu Banda, Nkhota-Kota, Ntchisi, Salima, Dowa, Mchinji, Lilongwe, Dedza (kwawo kwa John Tembo) na Ntcheu. Lilongwe ndiwo msumba wukulu wa boma mu Malaŵi (capital city). Kuli chibanja chikulu cha Kamuzu International Airport, mphala ya malango, chipatala chikulu na vinthu vinandi vyakwenelera kuba mu msumba wukulu. Lilongwe wali pamalo pa katondo ntheula vyuvyu ni suzgo chomene mumalo yanandi ya msumba uwu. University ya Malaŵi yili na vigaba vibiri mu Lilongwe, koleji (college) ya vya ulimi ya Bunda na koleji ya unesi (nursing) ya Kamuzu. Msumba uwu wukasankhika chifukwa chakuti wuli pakati pa chalo cha Malaŵi ntheula nkhupusu na kufupiko kuluta kulikose m’Malaŵi kufuma ku Lilongwe kuluskana na ku Zomba, uwo wukaba msumba wukulu mpaka mu chaka cha 1975. Boma la Lilongwe ndilo lili na banthu banandi chomene pa maboma yose mu Malaŵi – muli banthu pafupi-fupi 1.6 million – Lilongwe payekha wali na banthu bakujumpha chigaba cha kumpoto chose. Banthu bakukhala mu chigaba ichi bakughanaghanika kuti bali 4.8 million.
Chigaba chakumwela ndicho chigaba chakutukuka chomene m’Malaŵi chigaba ichi chilli na maboma khumi na yabiri ayo ni Mangochi, Balaka (boma liphya ilo banyakhe bakuti likapangikira vifukwa vya ndyale), Machinga (uko nkhwawo kwa uyo wakaba mlongozgi wachibiri wa Malaŵi, Elesoni Bakili Muluzi ), Zomba, Mwanza, Blantyre, Phalombe (boma liphya linyake), Chiradzulu, Mulanje, Thyolo, Chikwawa na Nsanje (kwawo kwa Gwanda Chakwamba). Apa, ndiko kuti maboma yose mu Malaŵi yalipo makhumi yabiri kusazgirapo yankhondi na yabiri Blantyre ndiwo msumba wukulu chomene m’Malaŵi kwakuyana na unandi wa banthu awo bakukhala mu msumba uwu. Zina la Blantyre likafumila uko mtebeti wa Chiuta wakufuma ku Scotland, Dr. David Livingstone wakawila. Ku Blantyre ndiko kuli malo yakulu (headquarters) ya ma kampani yanandi mu Malaŵi. Ndiko nkhu msumba ukulu wa vyamalonda (commercial capital). Mu Blantyre imo muli koleji ya ung’anga (medicine), ya bakumanya kwendeska ndalama za ma kampani na boma (accountancy) na ya maluso (engineering) na vinyake iyo yikuchemeka Polytechnic. Nyumba yakukhalamo mlongozgi ya Sanjika yili ku Blantyre ndipo nako kuli chibanja chikulu cha Chileka, chipatala chikulu cha Fumukazi Elizabeth ya baNgerezi. Ndiwo msumba wekha m’Malaŵi uwo wuli na kwakusunga vinyama (zoo) na kwakusunga vinthu vyakale (museum). Malo yakupanga magesi kufuma ku maji ya Nkula, Tedzani na Kapichira yali mu maboma ya Blantyre na Chikwawa. Malo aya ndiyo yakupanga magesi yanandi chomene mu Malaŵi, ku Wovwe kukupangika magesi yadoko waka. Ku Mulanje kuli phiri ilo nditali chomene ku Malaŵi ndipo nditali na ma metre 3002 pachanya pa level ya maji mu nyanja zikulu chomene (sea level). Boma la Balaka likaba mu Machinga bachali bandalipatule. Chigaba ichi ndicho chilli na banthu banandi chomene mu Malaŵi awo bakughanaghanika kuti bakukwana 5.5 million.
Banthu wose bakukhala mu Malaŵi bali pafupi-fupi 12 million.
[edit] Milonga na zinyanja
[edit] Ulimi na vyakukwaskana na chuma
Chalo cha Malaŵi chikugomezga ulimi pa nkhani za chuma (ndalama) (economy}. Ni chalo ichi chilije migodi yeneko yakuti yikujima na yikuguliska vinthu vya mtengo wapachanya. Mbewu iyo yikulimika chomene mu chalo ichi pa chifukwa cha malonda (cash crop) ni hona. Hona ndilo likulimika chomene ndipo chifukwa cha nkhani ya umo umoyo wa banthu wukukhwaskikira mwa uheni chifukwa cha kukhweba hona sono Malaŵi wayamba kuyezga kulima mbewu zinyakhe ngeti sabola uyo wakuchemeka paprika. Mbewu zinyakhe izi zikulimika ku Malaŵi ni tiyi (tea), thonje, khofi (coffee) na zinyakhe ngeti ni skaba za m’makuni zakuchemeka skaba za macadamia na cashew. Ndipo mbewu izo zikulyeka kweniso zikuguliskika ni ngoma, ntchunga, skaba, mpunga na zinyakhe.
[edit] Vyakulya
Chakulya ichi chikulyeka chomene mu Malaŵi ni sima (mu vigaba vinyake yikuchemeka nsima). Sima iyi yikuphikika na ufu wa ngoma, kweni mu ma boma yanyakhe ya m’mphepete mwa nyanja ufu wa vikhawu ndiwo bakuphikira sima. Madende yanandi yakulyeka ku Malawi ngeti ni nyama, ntchunga, delele, somba, mphangwe na yanyakhe. BaMalaŵi mbanthu bakutemwaso twakumwa-kumwa ndipo myoba ya masese na kachasu yikumweka chomene mu mizi apo myoba ya Chibuku, Napolo (iyo yikuyana na moba wa masese) na Carlsberg.
[edit] Viyowoyelo na mitundu ya banthu mu Malaŵi
Mu Malaŵi muli viyowoyelo vinandi. Mwaivi, vyakuyowoyeka chomene ni chiTumbuka, Chicheŵa, Chiyawo, Chisena, Chilomwe, Chitonga, Chingonde na Chilambya. Chingoni chikuyowoyekako pachoko ku Mpherembe mu boma la Mzimba. Ku mpoto banthu banandi bakuyowoya chiTumbuka, chomene-chomene mu maboma ya Rumphi, Mzimba na kumpoto kwa Kasungu. chiTumbuka chikupambana kwakuyana na uko banthu bakukhala. Ku Rumphi kuli tumitundu (dialects) twa chiTumbuka tunandi ngeti chiPhoka, chiNkhamanga, chiHenga na vinyakhe. Viyowoyelo ivi nvimoza kuti waka nyengo yinyakhe mayowoyelo yakupambana pachoko. Chicheŵa chikuyowoyeka chomene m’chigaba chapakati umo m’maboma yose chikuyowoyeka., nangauli ku Nkhota-Kota Chitonga nacho chikuyowoyekako. Chiyawo chikuyowoyeka ku Mangochi, Machinga, Zomba, Chiradzulu na m’mizi ya ku Blantyre. Chilomwe ntcha ku Mulanje na ku Thyolo apo Chisena ntcha ku Chikwawa na ku Nsanje. Chilambya bakuyowoya ku Chitipa, Chingonde ku Karonga ndipo Chitonga ku Nkhata-bay na ku Nkhota-Kota. Mitundu ya ku Malaŵi ni iyi: ba Lambya, Ngonde, Tumbuka, Tonga, Ngoni, Cheŵa, Yawo, Lomwe na ba Sena. Mitundu yinyakhe yili kulyekeka mu mitundu yikulu-yikulu ngeti ba Kalanga awo sono bakuyikika mumoza na ba Ngoni.
[edit] Vinyama vya m’thengere na uko vikukhala
Mu Malaŵi muli malo yakuvikilirika ya vinyama (game reserves and national parks) yanandi. Ku mpoto kuli Nyika National Park uko kukusangika babulu (zebra) na nyama zinyakhe na Vwaza Game Reserve uko kuli tuyuni na nyama zinyakhe.
Pakati pali Kasungu National Park uko kuli zovu na nkhalamu na vinyama vinyakhe na Nkhota-Kota Game Reserve uko nako kuli zovu na vinyakhe.
Kumwela kuli Lake Malaŵi National Park ya zovu, chipembere, somba na vinyama vinyakhe vya m’maji; Liwonde National Park na Lengwe Game Reserve uko kuli chipembere chapamtunda (rhinoceros).
Vinyama vinyakhe ivo vikusangika mu Malaŵi ni ivi: njati; nyalubwe; munkhwele; ngulube; njoka ngeti ni nkhomi, chipili, chikho, mulinga na zinyakhe; kalulu; fulu, chimbwe; nyiska; tuyuni twa mitundu-mitundu ngeti ni chaholi, kabelubelu, phululu, chibabi, bwabwalala, kataba, kakowa na tunyakhe.


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text:
Ukhalilo
[edit] Wukhalilo wa baMalaŵi
muchaka cha peto tu toto wikifaka pafupi-grupi trincoto pagona areboreclay madafaka chanchuchochachi melotroco potroco brungachunga-trinkaminga
[edit] Kupambana kwa mitundu
Wukhalilo wa baMalaŵi wukuyana waka mu machitilo ya vinthu vinyake kweni vinyakhe baMalaŵi bakupambana m’machitilo yake kwakuyana na mtundu wa banthu. Wukhalilo wa banthu ndiwo wukubapangiska kuti batumbikike olo panji baleke kutumbikika. Pakuti BaMalaŵi ni banthu ba mitundu yinandi wukhalilo wawo ngwakupambana-pambana kwakuyana mtundu na bazengezgana bakhe. Pala tingati tilute kumpoto na kumpoto kwa maboma ya m’chigaba chapakati (Kasungu na Nkhota-kota), tikusanga banthu awo nthengwa zawo bakulowola mwanakazi kweni mitundu yinandi ya vigaba vyapakati na kumwela yikulowola yayi nanga wuli mu boma la Nsanje mu chigaba chakumwela malowolo yakusangika. Mitundu iyi yikulowola mwanakazi wakusama kwawo na kukakhala kwawo kwa mwanalume pala watengwa m’chitilo uwo pa chiNgelezi bakuti patriarchal system. Mitundu iyo malowolo kulije mwanalume ndiyo wakusama kwawo na kukazenga kwawo kwa mwanakazi, m’chitilo uwo baCheŵa bakuti chikamwini. Pa wukhalilo wa mitundu yambula malowolo pa bana awo bawako pa nthengwa mudumbu wa mwanakazi (sibweni wa bana) ndiyo wakuba na nkhongono chomene kuluska wiskewo wa bana. Ku mitundu iyo yikupeleka malowolo, pala nthengwa yamala, nyengo zinandi uyo ngwakwananga wakuluza bana ndipo wambula kwananga ndiyo wakatola bana.
[edit] BaNgoni
BaNgoni ni banthu awo kale bakawonekanga ngeti mbakutemwa nkhondo kweni unenesko ngwakuti bakaba banthu awo bakapenjanga malo yaweme kuti bakhazikikepo. Enya, bakakhumbangaso kuti babe na vibeto chifukwa chakuti baNgoni mba dozo ndipo bakutemwa chomene kulya nyama. BaNgoni ni banthu awo bakutemwaso chomene kulya.