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Ntivo-mbangu
Ntivo-mbangu i dyondzo ya mbangu, ku anama, kumanyana, kuhambeta na ku akelana loku nga kona exikarhi ka vanhu na ndhzawu la ha Misaveni, ngopfu-ngopfu swi hlawulekisi ku hlanganisa na ku hangalaka ka swivumbiwa leswi hanyaka laha misaveni, kuhlanganisa vanhu na mbuyelo wa migingiriko ya vona e ka ndhzawu leyi va akeke eka yona. Riviti geography ri tekiwa e ka Xigiriki Yn (ge) kumbe Yaιa (gaia) ("Misava") na Ypaφeιv (graphein) ("mbhonya"). Mbangu-vu ako byi langutisa Ntivo-vuthlarhi hi Misava (leswi nkarhi wu nwana swi vuriwaka Ntivo-vuthllarhi hi ntumbuluko wa misava). Leswi swi nyika vutivi hi, Maxelo na Vuako bya misava. Ntivo-mbangu wa vanhu wu hlanganisa vufuwi, tipolotiki na mindhzavuko hi ku yelana na mbangu naswona byi langutisa Ntivo-vuthlarhi hi mahanyele ya vanhu kumba swi hlawulekisi leswingariki swa vu ako bya misava. Byi hlahluva ndlela leyi vanhu va tolovelaka no tirhisa mbangu/vuako hayona. Vativi-mbangu va thlela va dyondza hi misava kuyelana na Ndzendzeleko wa misava na vuako hinkwabyo na leswi misava yi khumbekake hakona(kufana na Maxelo, Mimoya ya le lwandle na mabhubhutsa).


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Distance
distance calculator for the cities begins with xih in cn.
Xiha, Xihai, Xihai, Xihai, Xihai, Xihai Buzi, Xihaibian, Xihaikou, Xihaitoucun, Xihaitun, Xihaiyuan, Xihaizhuangcun, Xihalagou, Xihamahezi, Xihan, Xihancun, Xihancun, Xihancun, Xihancun, Xihangezhuangcun, Xihanling, Xihanzhuang, Xihao, Xihao, Xihao, Xihao, Xihao, Xihao Touqi, Xihaojiatuancun, Xihaoping, Xihaoqian, Xihe, Xihe, Xihe, Xihe, Xihe, Xihe, Xihe, Xihe, Xihe, Xihe, Xihe, Xihe, Xihe, Xihe, Xihe, Xihe, Xihe, Xihe, Xihe, Xihe, Xihe, Xihe, Xihe, Xihe, Xihe, Xihe, Xihe, Xihe, Xihe, Xihe, Xihe, Xihe, Xihe, Xihe, Xihe, Xihe, Xihe, Xihe, Xihe, Xihe, Xihe, Xihe, Xihe, Xihe, Xihe, Xihe, Xihe, Xihe, Xihe, Xihe, Xihe Nanzhai, Xihe Qu, Xihe Xian, Xihe Yuanzi, Xihebu, Xihecun, Xihecun, Xihecun, Xihecun, Xihecun, Xihecun, Xihecun, Xihecun, Xihecun, Xihecun, Xihecun, Xihecun, Xihedaogou, Xihedi, Xihedi, Xihedi, Xihedi, Xihedi, Xihedi, Xihehe, Xiheifa, Xiheigou, Xihejia, Xihejiao, Xihekou, Xihekou, Xihekou, Xihekou, Xihekou, Xihelengcun, Xiheling, Xiheling, Xihenan, Xihenan, Xiheng, Xihengdai, Xihengditou, Xihenggang, Xihengjing, Xihengshan, Xihengtang, Xiheqiao, Xiheqiao Dadui, Xiheqiao Yidui, Xihequ, Xihequan, Xiheshangwei, Xihetan, Xihetan Wudui, Xihetan Yidui, Xihetao, Xihetou, Xihetou, Xihetou, Xihetou, Xihetou, Xihetou, Xihetun, Xihewan, Xihewan, Xihewancun, Xihexiangcun, Xiheying, Xiheyuan, Xihong, Xihong, Xihong, Xihong Qidui, Xihong Shanzi, Xihong Shigou, Xihong Shiyao, Xihong Wudui, Xihong Xinjia, Xihongdunzhuang, Xihonghao Sandui, Xihonghao Wudui, Xihonghua, Xihongmen, Xihongmiao, Xihongqi, Xihongtang, Xihongzhuang, Xihou, Xihou, Xihoucun, Xihoucun, Xihoucun, Xihougao, Xihouhe, Xihoujia, Xihoujiayuancun, Xihoulou, Xihouwangcun, Xihouyucun, Xihu, Xihu, Xihu, Xihu, Xihu, Xihu, Xihu, Xihu, Xihu, Xihu, Xihu, Xihu, Xihu, Xihu, Xihu, Xihu, Xihu, Xihu, Xihu, Xihu, Xihu, Xihu, Xihu, Xihu, Xihu, Xihu, Xihu, Xihu, Xihu, Xihu, Xihu, Xihu, Xihu, Xihu, Xihu, Xihu, Xihu, Xihu Nongchang, Xihu Nongchang, Xihu Qu, Xihu Qu, Xihu Qu, Xihua, Xihua, Xihua, Xihua, Xihua, Xihua, Xihua, Xihua, Xihua, Xihua Nongchang, Xihua Nongchang Ershiqidui, Xihua Nongchang Sanhao Xindian, Xihua Sandui, Xihua Xian, Xihua Yugou, Xihuachi, Xihuacun, Xihuacun, Xihuagou, Xihuaiba, Xihuaiyuan, Xihuajiawan, Xihuajie, Xihualincun, Xihualou, Xihuan, Xihuang, Xihuang, Xihuang, Xihuang, Xihuang, Xihuang, Xihuang Tukan, Xihuang Tuyao, Xihuangcaopo, Xihuangcun, Xihuangdao, Xihuangjia, Xihuangjiayao, Xihuanglancun, Xihuangni, Xihuangshan, Xihuangshui, Xihuangtou, Xihuangxu, Xihuangyu, Xihuangzhang, Xihuanjiacun, Xihuashan, Xihuayuan, Xihuayuan, Xihuazhen, Xihuazhuangcun, Xihucun, Xihucun, Xihucun, Xihucun, Xihucun, Xihucun, Xihucun, Xihucun, Xihucun, Xihucun, Xihuduo, Xihugang, Xihui, Xihui, Xihuicun, Xihuicun, Xihuicun, Xihuiling, Xihuiliushui, Xihujiawan, Xihujiaxiang, Xihulin, Xihulin, Xihun, Xihuo, Xihuoshan, Xihuoshi, Xihuqiao, Xihuxu, Xihuyan, Xihuyang, Xihuzha, Xihuzhai, Xihuzhao, Xihuzhen, Xihuzui,
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Nhlangono wa matiko ya Yuropa
Ntwanono wa Yuropa (EU) i ntwanano lowu ngana swirho swa matiko ya 28 lama kumekaka e tikweni-nkulu ra Yuropa, lama tirhisanaka eka swa tipolitiki na ikhonomi. Ntwanano lowu wu simeke makete yin'we hi ku tirhisa milawu leyi fanaka e Yuropa. Milawu ya EU yi kondlotela ntsuxeko wa kufamba-famba ka vanhu, tinhundzu, vukorhokeri na mali eka makete lowu,[1] ku veka milawu eka vululami na vutiko-xikaya, na ku tirhisiwa ka milawu leyi fanaka eka timhaka ta mabindzu,[2] Vurimi,[3] Vutshevi, na nhluvuko wa swifundza swa matiko ya wona.[4] Endzeni ka ndzhawu ya Schengen, kuhava vulawuri bya tipasipoti.[5] Nhlangano wa timali eka ntwanano lowu, wu simekiwile hi 1999 naswona wusungule kutirha hi lembe ra 2002, naswona wu akiwa hi swirho swa matiko ya 19 ya Ntwanano wa Yuropa, leswi tirhisaka mali ya Yuro.
Ntwanano wa Yuro, wu sukela eka nhlangano wa vaceri va makhala na Nsimbhi va Yuropa na Nhlangano wa swa ti ikhonomi ta Yuropa, leti simekiweke hi malembe ya 1951 e Pharisi na 1957 e Rhoma hikulandzelelana. Matiko yo sungula ku vumba ntwanano lowu akuri; Belgium, Furhwa, Ithali, Lukzenbheki, Netherlands na Germany ya N'walungu. Matiko man'wana ma nghenelele ntwanano lowu laha kuhlanganisiweke mafambisele ya ti ikhonomi, mindzhavuko, vululami leswaku ma entisa ntwanano na kutirhisana. Hambileswi kunga hava xirho lexi tshikeke ntwanano lowu, Ngilandhi yi leku tiyisiseni mbuyelo wa nhlawulo laha vaaka tiko varona va vhoteke ku huma eka ntwanano lowu hi Khotavuxika bya 2016. Ntwanano wa le Maastricht wu simeke vuakatiko bya Yuropa hi 1993.
Matiko ya ntwanano wa Yuropa mana vukorhokeri bya aka tinhundzu kutlula matiko man'wana ya misava.[6] Hambileswi vaaka tiko va rona va ringanaka na 7.3% wa vanhu vamisava,[7] kambe va voniwa vari lava fumeke ngopfu.[8] Thlandlakwalano, 27 wa matiko ya wona eka 28, mana nhlayo leyi kulu ya nhluvuko na mahanyele ya vanhu, hikuya hi vulavisisi bya Nhlangano ya misava. Hi kutirhisa milawu ya matiko-xikaya leyi fanaka, Ntwanano lowu wukota ku tiyimela eka timhaka ta misava. Ntwanano lowu wuna ti ofisi ta wona e matikweni yotala ya misava naswona wuthlela wu tiyimela eka Nhlangano ya Matiko ya Misava, Nhlangano wa Mabindzu ya Misava, na Mintlawa ya Matiko lamakulu ya 7 na 20. Hikwalaho ka matimba yawona yo hlohlotela, Ntwanonao lowu wovoniwa tanhi hi mfumo wa matimba wa misava.[9]
Mintshaho[Lulamisa | edit source]
- ↑ European Commission. "The EU Single Market: Fewer barriers, more opportunities". Europa web portal. Archived from the original on 1 October 2007. Retrieved 27 September 2007.
- ↑ "Common commercial policy". Europa Glossary. Europa web portal. Archived from the original on 16 January 2009. Retrieved 6 September 2008.
- ↑ "Agriculture and Fisheries Council". The Council of the European Union. Retrieved 3 June 2013.
- ↑ "Regional Policy Inforegio". Europa web portal. Retrieved 3 June 2013.
- ↑ "Schengen area". Europa web portal. Retrieved 8 September 2010.
- ↑ Hunt, Michael (2014). The World Transformed 1945 to the Present. New York: New York. pp. 516–517. ISBN 9780199371020.
- ↑ "European Union reaches 500 Million through Combination of Accessions, Migration and Natural Growth". Vienna Institute of Demography. Retrieved 12 February 2016.
- ↑ see List of countries by GDP (nominal) and List of countries by GDP (PPP).
- ↑ Empty citation (help)


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Sayensi
Sayensi indlela yotumbuluxa, kuaka no hlela vutivi byi andlaleka hindlela yo hlamusela no vhumba hi ta mbangu.[nb 1][2]
Sayensi yihambanisiwa hi swiphemeu leswilandzelaka, Sayensi yantumbuluko leyi nga dyondzo hi ta misava leyivonakaka, Sayensi ya mahanyele ya vanhu leyi dyondzo ya vanhu na switshungu, naswona kuva na Sayensi yaximfumo yo fana na Dyondzo-Tinhlayo.
Alhazen hi yena loyi a simekeke ndlela ya kambisisa swilo ya sayensi ematikweni ya vuxa-vukarhi.[3][4][5]
Leswinga ndzeni
Matimu[Lulamisa | edit source]
Sayensi hikuya himongo wayona wo sungula akuri vito leri aritirhisiwa kuhlamusela vutivi byo karhi, kuhambana na dlela yokuma vutivi brokarhi. Hikukongoma imuhlovo wavutivi lebyi vaakatiko vakotaka to hlumausela no avelana hibyona. Hixikombiso, vutivi himatirhele ya swilo swantumbuluko byihlengeletiwe khale matimu yangase tsariwa etibukwini nswona byi tise tindlela to hleketa loku rharhanganeke. Leswi switikomba ekutumbuluxiweni ka tikhalendara leti rharhanganeke, tindlela to sweka swimilana leswingana vuxungu leswaku swudyeka, na ku aka miako yo leha kufana na tiphiramidi.
Ndlela ya endla Sayensi[Lulamisa | edit source]
Ndlela yo endla sayensi iku lava ku hlamusela swiendlakalo swantumbuluko hi kuengeta engeta.[nb 2] kuvhumba vhumba indlela yin'wana ya sayensi yo hlanganiso switandzaku eka swivangelo.
loko vuvhumbi byi hambana naswutandzaku, bya thsikiwa ivikuvhumbiwa ndlela yinwana.[29] Kambe loko vutivi byikota kuvhumba switandhzaku naswona vumbhoni byikhomeka, vutivi byebyo bya engeteriwa eka swiyenge swa Sayensi leyi amukeriweke.[30]
Dyondzo-Tinhlayo na Sayensi[Lulamisa | edit source]
Dyondzo-Tinhlayo iyankoka ngopfu eka Sayensi. Dyondzo-Tinlhayo yifana na ririmi leri kotaka kuhlamusela Sayensi. Kuxopaxopa naku hlengeleta mimpimo kuhlanganisa na ku vhumba switandzaku swa Vutivi bya Sayensi hakanyingi swilava kutirhisiwa ka dyondzo-tinhlayo.
Vavasati eka tidyondzo ta Sayensi[Lulamisa | edit source]
Sayensi hakanyingi yitale ku dyondziwa notirhisiwa hi vaxinuna kambe ahinkarhi hinkwawo.[nb 3] Vavasati khale nakhaleni avatshamele ku langutana na xihlawuhlawu e mintirweni nale tidyondzweni ta Sayensi.[nb 4][6]
Tinoti hi Sayensi[Lulamisa | edit source]
- ↑ "... modern science is a discovery as well as an invention.
- ↑ di Francia 1976, p. 13: "The amazing point is that for the first time since the discovery of mathematics, a method has been introduced, the results of which have an intersubjective value!"
- ↑ Women in science have included:
- ↑ Nina Byers,Contributions of 20th Century Women to Physics which provides details on 83 female physicists of the 20th century.
Swikombo na mintshaho[Lulamisa | edit source]
- ↑ "Nobel Prize Facts".
- ↑ Wilson, Edward (1999).
- ↑ Haq, Syed (2009).
- ↑ Sabra, A. I. (1989).
- ↑ http://www.light2015.org/Home/ScienceStories/1000-Years-of-Arabic-Optics.html
- ↑ Bonnie Spanier, From Molecules to Brains, Normal Science Supports Sexist Beliefs About Differences, The Gender and Science Reader ( New York: Routledge 2001)


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Nhlangano wa vanhu
Nhlangano wa vanhu i ntlwawa wa vanhu lowu tirhisanaka no hanyisana, kumbe ntlawa wa vanhu lowu tshamaka a dzhawini yin'we naswona wuri ehansi ka ndzawulo yinwe ya Politiki na dhavuko. Nhlangano wa vunhu wu kombisa vuxaka exikarhi ka vanhu lava ngana ndzhavuko na vukorhokeri byo fana; hiswona leswi nhlangano wa vanhu wu nga ha hlamuseriwaka tani hi vuxaka exikarhi ka swirho swa wona
Kuya hi ntirhiswano lowu nga kona e ntlwaweni wa vhanhu vokarhi, leswi swi nga pfuna swirho swa ntlawa leswaku swi bindzula hi tindlela to tala leti nga kotekiku loko xirho xiri xoxe. Nhlangano wa vanhu wu nga thlela wu akiwa hi vanhu lava twananaka naswona vafumiwa hi maendele ya swilo, hambi loko kuri hava ntlawa lowu fumaka wun'wana.
Masungulo na matirhisele[Lulamisa | edit source]
Riviti "Nhlangano wa Vanhu" risuka eka riviti ra Xilana societas, leri lombiweke eka riviti socius ("Mughana, kumbe Nakulori") leri tirhisiwaka ku hlamusela vuxaka exikarhi ka vanghana. Rito leri ri yelana ngopfu na rito "Vumunhu". Hambiswiritano, mutivi wa swamabinzu, Adam Smith ulerhisa leswaku ntlwaw wa vanhu "wunga kumeka exikarhi ka vanhu lava hambaneke, kumbe van'wamabindzu lava hambaneke, hi kuya hi kutirhisana hambi loko vangari vaghana, ntsena loko vanga lwi."[1]
Mintshaho[Lulamisa | edit source]
- ↑ Hunters and Gatherers in the Modern World: Conflict, Resistance, and Self-Determination.-Briggs, Jean L. 2000 - P9


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Hipuru Sios Leni Rumbwero Chengi
1
Gotri Che ri mwanji nunu ni sawero
1 Imbihumbwa Gotri nui metele leni ele wunu ri ondiyasiro gisi ki ele ba fo ba fo sumbu ki Gotri mwanji bwarakarandaro hima lei takisopo tiki mwanji miyafo ri bwandaro. 2 Woroti apa do gisi oti gisi jipe ti kamindache ya dawani Gotri ri Che ri takisopo tiki bwasiro mwanji ti apa do ya nu mendinda. Gotri ri Che tapa rihi tiki do nuwe ri wosiro. Wosini rini ondiyasiro ti, ele mwaꞌambwe tinda rihi ri na kinani. 3 Gotri lindana naha sini dau hinga ri Che ri nunu keke o hingambwa ri dau. Rini funda Gotri naha hinga. Ri mwanji ti kwambu tinga dawani o mwanji ni ele mwaꞌambwe hinga tinda ete sirinandau. Rini kapwa sumbu rani ri rumbwendau tau rihi ti ri humbusini kari kau Gotri Apukolaka ri tapa mama tokwe ya ri lininda.
Gotri Che ensel leni dikindau
4 Ka hi ri Yapai rini uchasiro ti, ensel leni uchasiro hi tini dikisindau. Wosiwani rini ensel leni dikisiwani wunu ri tako tokwe wu dau. 5 Hinde wowani, injelembwa Gotri ka hinga sawero,
“Mini ai che naha. Apambwa naha mini a raro.”
Wosini ri ai sawe,
“Ani ri yapai naha a sirawa rini ai che naha ri dano.”
Woroti ele ensel ni o mwanji hinga fo ri sawe nambwe, mina. 6 Ri Che funda naha ri do nuwe ki ri rawakakoni rini ni ya ri sawe,
“Ele Gotri ensel hinga hi rihi tumbwa sa wu rasai.”
7 Wosini ensel ele ni ka hinga ya wunu ri sawe,
“Rini ele ri ensel leni ri wosiwani wui ichiꞌucha ti ausuwa sindau hinga.
Rini ele ri tau ra himache ni ri wosiwani wu randau tau ti hi hinga wu undau.”
8 Woroti Gotri Che ni ka hinga ya ri sawe,
“O Gotri ahi, mini ete da ete da King Apukolaka.
Mini sumbu kipe naha tunumbwa mi sirinani apa ele mwaꞌambwe tinda ete mi aulindano.
9 Mini sumbu kipe naha kekembwa mi wondani ele kapwa sumbu ni mi diyahandau.
O sumbu hinga ti keke Gotri, o mi Gotri naha, rindo rihi mini nani ri ondiyasiwani eripeꞌaripe sumbu ti mini ki miyafo naha sukwaro.
O hinga keke mi nau le wui eripeꞌaripe sumbu ti mi eripeꞌaripe sumbu hinga hinde apa wu toro kumbwa.”
10 Wosini o hingambwa rini ai sawe,
“Apukolaka, injelembwa do nuwe mi wosisiwani kwambu naha ete dau, e, niri ti okwe mi tapa tiki mi wosiro.
11 Woroti niri tinga nuwe tinga nikaꞌari simba hinga yini humbuno. Mini mina. Mini ete mi dano.
12 Wosiwa hima to nikaꞌari simba tini lepehendau hinga mi toroni mi lepeheno.
Wosini nikaꞌari ako ni ai injindau hinga nuwe tinga niri tinga o hingambwa mi wosino.
Woroti, mini apa hinde mi ha kumbwa, o mi dau hinga ete mi dano. Gisi mihi ti okwe hinde apa humbu kumbwa.”
13 E, injelembwa Gotri ete sawero,
“Mini ai tapa mama tokwe ma liti. Wowa ichai ele mi miho hima le a wosiwa mi seke tako tokwe wu dano.”
Woroti do mwanji Gotri ensel forini ri sawe nambwe. Mina. 14 Ensel le wunu hima minde hinga mina, wunu himamwale. Wunu Gotri tau tini wu randau. Gotri to wunu rumbwewani wu ini ele ri ai rata ki hambwandau sembe ha hima leni wu okulandau.


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Distance
distance calculator for the cities begins with xib in cn.
Xibu'ao, Xibai'an, Xiba, Xiba, Xiba, Xiba, Xiba, Xiba, Xiba, Xiba, Xiba, Xibacun, Xibagoucun, Xibahu, Xibaicun, Xibaidai, Xibaijiayingcun, Xibaiju, Xibaili, Xibailian, Xibailiangcun, Xibailin, Xibaimahecun, Xibaipo, Xibaipo, Xibaita, Xibaitaling, Xibaitu, Xibaiyang, Xibaiyu, Xibali, Xibali, Xibaliang, Xibalipu, Xibalizhuang, Xiban, Xiban, Xiban, Xiban, Xiban, Xiban, Xiban, Xiban, Xiban, Xibanbai, Xibanfang, Xibangzui, Xibantun, Xibanyang, Xibanzha, Xibao, Xibao, Xibaochong, Xibaocun, Xibaoliang, Xibaoshan, Xibaoshan, Xibaoshui, Xibaotian, Xibaoyu, Xibaozhang, Xibaozi, Xibatai, Xibatou, Xibawai, Xibaxu, Xibde, Xibe Hua, Xibei, Xibei, Xibei, Xibei, Xibei, Xibei, Xibei, Xibei, Xibei, Xibei, Xibei, Xibei, Xibei, Xibei, Xibei Dazhai, Xibeicha, Xibeicha, Xibeicun, Xibeicun, Xibeicun, Xibeicun, Xibeidao, Xibeidaocun, Xibeidianzi, Xibeigou, Xibeigou, Xibeigou, Xibeigou, Xibeigou, Xibeigou, Xibeigou, Xibeigou, Xibeigou, Xibeikou, Xibeile, Xibeilucun, Xibeiqi, Xibeiqiao, Xibeishancun, Xibeishibang, Xibeitian, Xibeitun, Xibeitun, Xibeiwa, Xibeiwan, Xibeiwang, Xibeixu, Xibeiyang, Xibeiying, Xibeizao, Xibeizhangcun, Xibeizhuang, Xibeizhuangcun, Xibeizhuangcun, Xibeizhuangcun, Xiben, Xibet, Xibet, Xibet Us, Xibian, Xibian, Xibian, Xibian, Xibian, Xibian, Xibian, Xibian, Xibian, Xibian, Xibian, Xibian, Xibian, Xibian, Xibian, Xibian, Xibian, Xibian, Xibian, Xibian, Xibian, Xibian, Xibian, Xibian, Xibian, Xibian, Xibian, Xibiandongjia, Xibianhao, Xibianhe, Xibianjin, Xibianling, Xibianpai, Xibianpo, Xibianqianghao, Xibianruan, Xibianshan, Xibianshan, Xibiantang, Xibiantang, Xibiantian, Xibianwan, Xibianwan, Xibianxiejia, Xibianzi, Xibiao, Xibicun, Xibin, Xibin, Xibin, Xibin, Xibin, Xibin, Xibing, Xibing, Xibing, Xibing, Xibing, Xibitai, Xibitang, Xibo, Xibo Gacha, Xibo Weidian, Xibocun, Xibogeliu, Xibolu, Xiborong, Xiboshicun, Xibozi, Xibozicun, Xibu, Xibu, Xibu, Xibu, Xibu, Xibu, Xibu, Xibu, Xibucun, Xibucun, Xibucun, Xibucun, Xibucun, Xibuhao, Xibulicun, Xibuling, Xibusha, Xibusha, Xibutou, Xibutou, Xibuyi, Xibuzhang, Xibuzhuang,
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Swakudya
Swakudya iswilo[1] leswi dyiwaka leswaku swi nyika matimba na vutomi eka swivumbiwa leswi hanyaka. Hakanyingi i swimilana, kumbe xiharhi, naswona swi hlanganisa swiaka miri swa nkoka, kufana na mafurha, tiphurotheni, timinarali, Mavhitamina na to Khabhohaydreti.
Kuya hi matimu, vanhu ava hlengeleta swakudya hi ku Hlota kumbe ku rima. Manguva lawa, swakudya swi phakeriwa hi ti khampani leti lulamisaka swakudya.
Mfanelo yo va na swakudya, imfanelo ya ximunhu leyi tekiweke eka nhlangano wa ikhonomi na timfanelo ta ximunhu (ICESCR), leyi amukelaka "mfanelo wa mahanyele lamanene, ku katsa na swakudya", kuhlanganisa na "mfanelo nkulu yaku tshunxeka eka ndlala".


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Tinkomponi
Nkomponi itindzhawu to endla tinhundzu na vukorhokeri lebyi yelanaka hixitalo endzeni ka ikhonomi ya tiko.[1] Swihlovo swotala swa mbuyelo eka mabhinzu hi laha tikomponi tavona tisimekiweke kona na tinhudzu leti ti endliwaka.[2] Nkomponi yo edla tinhundzu hi yona komponi leyi veka ya nkoka eku endleni mintirho yo tala etikweni-nkulu ra Yuropa na Amerikha ya N'walungu hi tinguva ta kusungula ka tinkomponi. Leswi swi fambisane na ku antswisiwa ka tithekinoloji to fana na ku ceriwa ka nsimbhi na makhala.
Kusukela eka nguva ya kuakiwa ka tinkomponi, kwalomu ka vunharhu bya mbuyelo wa mabindzu ya misava wusekeriwe eka tinkomponi. Matiko yo tala lama hluvukeke matitshege ngopfu eka vukorhokeri na mabindzu ya tinkomponi ta wona.
Mintshaho[Lulamisa | edit source]
- ↑ Industry | Define Industry at Dictionary.com "'Definition of Industry'". 2014-02-04.
- ↑ "'Definition of Industry' Investopedia". Archived from the original on 2017-07-24.


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Distance
distance calculator for the cities begins with xif in cn.
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Mupayi
Mupayi wu byariwa enhoveni hikuva wu endla thyaka, kambe vanhu vanwana va wu byala emakaya ya vona va sasekisa hi wona. Murhi lowu a wu tswali mihandzu, wu tlhela wu va na switlukana leswintsongo onge i neleta hi xivumbeko.[1]
Matirhisele[Lulamisa | edit source]
Misinya leyi yi tirhisiwa ku vatla tifanichara, ku aka hi wona na swinwana. Timitsu ta kona ti hlanganisiwa na matluka ya matatana swi swekiwa ku herisa vuvabyi bya nchuluko na rifuva.[1]
Mintshaho[Lulamisa | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 MALAMULE, R.J (2015). "Mathyelo ya mavito ya minsinya yo tshungula mavabyi eka Skhukhuza, eMpumalanga: Maendlelo ya Onomasitiki". University of Limpopo.


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Ravumune, March 21
Rito rakwe ri tsutsuma hi rivilo.—Ps. 147:15.
Namuntlha, Yehovha u hi kongomisa hi Rito rakwe, ku nga Bibele. Naswona “rito rakwe ri tsutsuma hi rivilo” hi leswi a hi kongomisaka loko hi lava nkongomiso. Anakanya hi ndlela leyi u vuyeriwaka ha yona loko u hlaya Bibele, loko u hlaya mikandziyiso leyi humesiwaka hi “hlonga ro tshembeka ni ro tlhariha,” loko u hlalela JW Broadcasting, loko u nghena eka jw.org, loko u vulavurisana ni vakulu ni loko u burisana ni Vakrestekuloni. (Mat. 24:45) Xana u swi xiyile leswaku Yehovha wa hatlisa ku ku kongomisa? Mupisalema a a yi tiva ndlela leyi Xikwembu a xi va rhandza ha yona vanhu va xona va khale. A ku ri vona ntsena tiko leri nyikiweke “rito” ra Xikwembu ni ‘swileriso swa xona ni swiboho swa xona swa vuavanyisi.’ (Ps. 147:19, 20) Hi katekile namuntlha leswi ku nga hina ntsena emisaveni hi vitaniwaka hi vito ra Xikwembu. Hi ni vuxaka lebyikulu na Yehovha hi leswi hi n’wi tivaka naswona Rito rakwe ri hi pfunaka evuton’wini. Xana a wu na swivangelo swo tala leswi twalaka swo huwelela ku fana ni mutsari wa Pisalema 147, u ku “Dzunisani Yah,” ni ku tlhela u khutaza van’wana leswaku na vona va endla tano? w17.07 20 ¶15-16; 21 ¶18
Ravuntlhanu, March 22
A nga kona munhu la nga socha la tinghenisaka entirhweni wa bindzu wa vutomi, leswaku a ta amukeriwa hi loyi a n’wi tsariseke ku va socha.—2 Tim. 2:4.
Namuntlha valandzeri va Yesu ku katsa ni Vakreste lava tlulaka miliyoni lava nga eka ntirho wa nkarhi hinkwawo, va yingisa xitsundzuxo lexi nga laha henhla xa Pawulo hilaha va nga kotaka hakona. Leswaku va hlula ku wongiwa hi swinavetiso swa mabindzu ya misava leyi, va tsundzuka nsinya wa nawu lowu nge: “Mulombi i nandza wa mulombisi.” (Swiv. 22:7) Sathana u lava leswaku hi tirhisa nkarhi ni matimba ya hina leswaku hi va mahlonga ya mabindzu ya misava leyi. Swiboho swin’wana leswi hi nga swi endlaka swi nga hi hoxa eswikweletini ku ringana malembe yo tala. Ku lava ku tshama etindlwini to durha, ku lomba mali yo nghenisa vana swikolo, ku lava ku famba hi timovha ta mavayivayi ni ku lava ku endla micato ya manyunyu, swi nga hi peta eswikweletini. Hi kombisa leswaku hi ni vutlhari lebyi pfunaka loko hi olovisa vutomi bya hina hi ku nga tihoxi eswikweletini ni ku hunguta swilo leswi hi swi xavaka, ku endla tano swi endla leswaku hi tikombisa hi ri mahlonga ya Xikwembu ku nga ri ya mabindzu ya misava leyi.—1 Tim. 6:10. w17.07 10 ¶13
Mugqivela, March 23
Ndzi langute swileriso hinkwaswo malunghana ni swilo hinkwaswo swi ri leswi lulameke; Ndzi yi vengile ndlela yin’wana ni yin’wana ya vunwa.—Ps. 119:128.
Yehovha wa fanelekela ku Fuma vuako hinkwabyo. Vulawuri byakwe u byi tirhisa hi vululami lebyi hetisekeke. U ri: “Hi mina Yehovha, Loyi a kombisaka musa wa rirhandzu, vululami ni ku tshembeka emisaveni; hikuva swilo leswi ndza swi tsakela.” (Yer. 9:24) Yehovha a nga titsheganga hi milawu leyi endliweke hi vanhu lava nga hetisekangiki leswaku yi n’wi pfuna ku tiva swilo leswi lulameke. Ku ri na sweswo, hi yena loyi a nyikeke vanhu milawu leyi nga va pfunaka ku hambanisa leswi lulameke ni leswi nga lulamangiki. Kutani hi nga tiyiseka leswaku milawu, misinya ya milawu ni swiboho leswi a swi endlaka swi lulamile hikuva “ku lulama ni vuavanyisi i ndhawu ya xiluvelo xa [yena].” (Ps. 89:14) Ku hambana ni sweswo, hambileswi Sathana a soleke mfanelo ya Yehovha yo fuma vuako hinkwabyo, u tsandzekile ku endla leswaku misava leyi yi va ni ku rhula. w17.06 28 ¶5


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Sw'ambalo
Sw'ambalo ( kumbe Swi ambalo) inguvu yin'wana na yin'wana leyi oloveke naswona leyi mbariwaka emirini wa munhu. Vanhu hivona ntsena swiharhi leswi ambalaka miri wa swona naswona ixihlawulekisi xa ndhavuko eka nhlangano wa vanhu. Nhlayo na muxaka wa sw'ambalo wu titshege eka muxaka wa miri, ndzhavuko na mbangu. Sw'ambalo swin'wana swi yelana na rimbewu ra munhu.
Sw'ambalo swi pfuna no eneta swi kongomelo swo hambana-hambana, kufana na: kutisirhelela eka maxelo, kutisirhelela eka mintirho leyi nga vangaka khombo kufana na ku tlanga e gwitsini kube ku sweka. Swi sirhelela mu ambali eka tindzhawu leti khonyaka, swimilana leswi vangelaka ku n'wayisa, kulomiwa hi swi tsotswana, mintwa na swin'wana hi ku vanga ndzelakano exikarhi ka nhlonge na mbangu. Sw'ambalo swinga thlela swi kufumeta kumbe kutimula munhu eka maxelo. Hi ku engeta, swi thlela swi sirhelela rihanyo, hi ku sivela switsongwatsongwana na tikhemikhali letinga vangaka khombo emirini. Swiambalo swithlela swi sirhelela eka miseve ya Ultraviolet leyi vavisaka nhlonge. Sw'ambalo ixihlawulekisi xa vumunhu, tani hileswi ku hluvuriwa exikarhi kavanhu swinga ha vangela tingana, kumbe ku famba ulo mbyinya swa yila evanhwini.
Masungulo ya Sw'ambalo[Lulamisa | edit source]
Kuhava ndlela yo olova yo tiyisekisa siku leri sw'ambalo swinga tsumburiwa ha rona, kambe kuhlahluviwa ka tinhwala leti kumiweke eka swirhundzu swakhale ku lavetela kwalomu ka malembe ya 42,000 kuya eka 72,000 wa malembe lama hundzeke.[1][2][3][4][5]
Mintshaho[Lulamisa | edit source]
- ↑ Ralf Kittler, Manfred Kayser & Mark Stoneking (2003), "Molecular evolution of Pediculus humanus and the origin of clothing" (PDF), Current Biology 13 (16): 1414–1417, PMID 12932325, doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(03)00507-4, archived from the original on 2008-09-10
- ↑ Stoneking, Mark. "Erratum: Molecular evolution of Pediculus humanus and the origin of clothing". Retrieved March 24, 2008.Template:Dead link
- ↑ "...Lice Indicates Early Clothing Use ...", Mol Biol Evol (2011) 28 (1): 29-32.
- ↑ Reed, David (2007), Pair of lice lost or parasites regained: The evolutionary history of Anthropoid primate lice, BMC Biology
- ↑ "Naked ape: Humans lost body hair long before finding clothes". 2003-08-20. Retrieved 2012-03-13.


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Mati
Mati imuxaka wa khemikhali liyi ngahava muvala, naswona mati ixiyenge ya swinambyana, milambu, maqhivi na malwandle yamisava, na vumati lebyikumeka eka swivumbiwa leswi hanyaka. Xihlawulekisi xa khemikhali leyi i H2O, leswi vulaka leswaku mati ma vumbiwa hi ti athomu timbirhi ta Hydrogen na athomu yin'we ya moya wa Oxygen. Mati ma naswivumbeko swinharhu kunga Vumati (Mati); Vutiyela (Gwitsi) na vumoya (Ripumele).
Mati mafunengeta kwalomu ka 71% ta Misava.[1] Mati iyankoka eka swivumbiwa hinkwaswo leswi hanyaka. Laha Misaveni kwalomu ka 96.5% wa mati makumeka emaqhivini na malwandle, 1.7% kuva mati yo boxiwa kumbe kuceriwa eka misava, kasi 1.7% wa mati makumeka emagwitsini ya tinhlohlorhi ta misava eAntarctica na Greenland, ntsengo lowu saleka wa mati wukumeka eka ripumele na Marifu.[2][3]
Mati lamatengeke yonwa iyankoka eka vanhu na swivumbiwa swinwana. Mfikelelo wa mati lamabhaseke wu antswisiwile eka malembe lamahundzeka emisaveni hinkwayo, hambiswiritano kwalomu ka bhiliyoni ra vanhu emisavani vapfumala mati lama bhaseke. Kuna vuxaka exikarhi ka vuswikoti bya fikelela mati lamabhaseke na rifuwo ra vanhu kuya hi tiko.[4] Vahlahluvi va komba leswku hi lembe ra 2025, kwalomu ka hafu ya vanhu vamisava vata langutana na kupfumaleka ka mati.[5]
Mati matlanga xiyenge xo hlawuleka eka Ikhonomi ya misava. Kwalomu ka 70% wa mati lama tengeke ma tirhiseriwa swa tavurimi.[6] Vutshevi bya tinhlampfi emaqhivini na malwande, byi wundla swiyenge swotala swa vanhu emisaveni. Tnhundzu to tala ti fambisiwa hi swikepe ku suka no ya etindhawini tale kule hi milambu na malwandle. Mati, magwitsi na Ripumele, switirhisiwa ngopfu ku timula no kufumeta tikhomponi na makaya ya vanhu. Mati mathlela ma tirhisiwa ku olovisa tikhemikhali to tala, naswona mathlela matirhisiwa ku Sweka na Hlantswa.
Minkombo[Lulamisa | edit source]
- ↑ "CIA – The world factbook". Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 20 December 2008.
- ↑ Gleick, P.H., ed. (1993). Water in Crisis: A Guide to the World's Freshwater Resources. Oxford University Press. p. 13, Table 2.1 "Water reserves on the earth".
- ↑ Water Vapor in the Climate System, Special Report, [AGU], December 1995 (linked 4/2007).
- ↑ "Public Services", Gapminder video
- ↑ "Charting Our Water Future: Economic frameworks to inform decision-making" (PDF). Retrieved 25 July 2010.
- ↑ Baroni, L.; Cenci, L.; Tettamanti, M.; Berati, M. (2007). "Evaluating the environmental impact of various dietary patterns combined with different food production systems". European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 61 (2): 279–286. PMID 17035955. doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602522.


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Inthaneti
Inthaneti i xiyimiso xa nxaxamelo wa tikhompuyuta leti khwekelaneke emisaveni hinkwayo naswona tikarhi titirhisa ririmi ra tikhomuyuta leri fanaka ra TCP/IP ku hlangana no phakela marungula. Inhlangano wa swiyimiso leswi hlanganisaka tihulumnendhe, tindzawulo ta lerivaleni, tikhampani ta xihundla, tindzhawu ta vuleteri emisaveni hinkwayo leti hlanganisiwaka hi tingoti ta gezi, kumbe thekinoloji ya vuhaxi bya moya, kumbe vuhaxi bya rivoningo. Inthaneti yi rhwele swisaka swa vuxokoxoko na vukorhokeri, tani hi matswalwa lama hlanganisiweke eka inthaneti, vulwembu bya inthaneti bya misava (www), poso ya inthaneti, rinqingo ra inthaneti na kuavelana hi tifayili eka inthaneti.
Masungulo ya inthaneti mathlelela eka ndzavisiso lowu simekiweke hi hulumendhe ya Amerikha eka malembe ya va 1960, leswaku ku akiwa ndlela yo avelana vuxokoxoko no vulavurisana hikutirhisa nhlangano lowu rharhanganeke wa tikhompuyuta.[1] Ku khwekerisiwa ka tikhompuyuta ta van'wamabinzu hi malembe ya 1990, swi sungule pfumba ro ndlandlamuxa inthaneti ya masiku lawa,[2] naswona swi thlonthle kundlandlamuka ka yona laha tindzawulo tin'wana na vanhu lava tolovelekeke na tikhompuyuta leti khomekaka ti khwekerisiweke eka inthaneti. Kute loko ku fika malembe ya 2000, tithekinoloji na vukorhokeri bya inthaneti anase byi nghenisiwile eka swiyenge hinkwaswo swa vutomi bya namunhtla.
Mintshaho[Lulamisa | edit source]
- ↑ "IPTO -- Information Processing Techniques Office", The Living Internet, Bill Stewart (ed), January 2000.
- ↑ "So, who really did invent the Internet?"


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02 May 2013
1. Xiyimo xa Khabinete eka timhaka ta nkoka eka mhaka ya sweswi
1.1. Khabinete yi tsundzuxa maAfrika-Dzonga hinkwavo leswaku vumbiwa ri tiyisisa mfanelo yo lwela na ku sirhelela endzeni ka ku arisa hi nawu. Khabinete yi tekela enhlokweni hi ku khumbeka hi mhaka ya ku humelela ka madzolonga na switeroko leswi nga sirheleriwangiki leswi nga ha vaka na nxungeto eka xidemokirasi xa hina. Mirhukano leyi veke kona eka xitereko lexi xa ha ku vaka kona xa Nhlangano wo Ntshuxeka wa Vadyondzisi va Afrika-Dzonga (Sadtu) leyi kongomisiweke ka Holobye wa Dyondzo na ku kombisiwa ka xirhangiso xa vavasati loko ku ri karhi ku kombisiwa ku vilela swi kombisa ku tekela ehansi swinene vamanana naswona a swi amukeleki. MaAfrika-Dzonga va lwele xidemokirasi xa hina nkarhi wo leha naswona hi matimba swinene, hikokwalaho hi fanele hi hambana na matikhomelo lama nga amukelekiki ku vuriwa eka vanhu leswi fanaka na ku pfumaleka ka nawu.
Ku nga ri khale Afrika-Dzonga ri ta nghena eka nkarhi wa mikanerisano ya miholo kutani Khabinete yi rhandza ku kombela hinkwavo vaakitiko, vatirhi na mihlangano ya vatirhi ku papalata maendlelo man’wana na man’wana lama sandzaka xidemokirasi xa hina. Khabinete yi tlhela yi tshikilela leswaku nyimpi ya hina yo lwela ntshunxeko na xidemokirasi yi tiyisisa leswaku milawu ya tiko ra hina yi pfumelela ku kombisa ku vilela loku nga sirhelela hi ku rhula. Nakambe Khabinete yi kombela vatirhi ku tirhisa tindlela leti nga kona, leti nga enawini ku lulamisa swivilelo na ku nghenela eka mikanerisano ya miholo hi moya wa matimba wo lwela xidemokirasi xa hina.
1.2. Khabinete yi bumabumerile ku humelela ka tipholisi na tiphurogireme leti lavaka ku lulamisa xiyimo xa Afrika-Dzonga tanihi ndhawu ya nkoka ya vugimamusi eka timhaka ta swa vupfhumba na swa mabindzu emisaveni hinkwayo. Leswi swi tiyisisiwile hi xiyenge xa Tinhlayo ta swa Vupfhumba ta Lembe, lexi simekiweke hi Phuresidente Jacob Zuma. Tinhlayo ti komba leswaku hi 2012, ntsengo wo ringana 9.2 wa mamiliyoni ya vapfhumba vo huma ematikweni mambe va endzerile eAfrika-Dzonga, yi yile ehenhla ku suka eka 8.3 wa mamiliyoni hi 2011. Tinhlayo ta vapfhumba ti tlakukile hi 10.2 wa tiphesente hi 2012 – yi tlakukile hi kambirhi eka nhlayoxikarhi ya misava ya 4%.
Ku tlakuka loku eka swa vupfhumba i vumbhoni lebyi nga ntiyiso bya tintswalo na ku va na rirhandzu bya maAfrika-Dzonga hi ntumbuluko naswona tinhlayo ta ntokoto wa vapfhumba tiko ri swi endlaka. Nhlengeletano ya Vupfhumba ya 2013 eDurban ku suka hi 11 ku fika 14 Mudyaxihi yi nyika nkarhi nakambe ku kombisa Afrika-Dzonga na vanhu va rona.
1.3. Afrika-Dzonga i vugimamusi bya swa vuvekisi lebyi kumeke nseketelo wun’wana hi ku hlula eka Masagwati ya Lembe ya 2013 eka European Outsourcing Association (EOA) eka ku va Ndhawu ya swa Mabindzu. Leswi swi endliwile leswaku swi koteka ku yisa emahlweni vuvekisi ku suka eka vanhu lava va nga na mabindzu emisaveni hinkwayo. Sagwati ri amukela tindhawu ta vugimamusi na vanhu lava va nga na mabindzu lama tirheke swinene eka ku pfuna ku xava eka timakete ta le Yuropa. Sagwati ri na vutihlamuleri lebyikulu bya ntalo wa vuvekisi lebyintshwa eka 2013 na ku ya emahlweni.
1.4. Khabinete yi bumabumerile ku humelela ka South African Renewable Energy Independent Power Producer Procurement Programme (REIPPP) Programme leyi nga tiveka loko yi wina Green Project Infrastructure of the Year Award hi Huvo ya Vurhangeri bya Miako eMisaveni.
1.5. Khabinete yi khensa eka xiphemu lexi endliweke hi maAfrika-Dzonga hinkwavo eka ku pfuneta ku hlayisa 3 586 wa Timegawati (MW) ta eneji ku suka hi 2005, ku nga mpimo lowu ringanaka na xitici xin’we xa gezi.
Hi endlelo leri, Khabinete yi kombela tiko ku endla matshalatshala eka xixika lexi ku yisa emahlweni ku hunguta ku tirhisa gezi tanihileswi mphakelo wa gezi nakambe wu nga ta va na ntshikelelo eka nguva. Kun’we, a hi hlayiseni gezi hi ku tima switirhisiwa swa gezi leswi nga riki swa nkoka. MaAfrika-Dzonga hinkwavo va na matimba yo lumeka mavoni.
Khabinete yi lemukisa leswaku eka nkarhi wa sweswi a ku na makungu yo tima gezi eka layeni yo karhi loko ku ri na ku laveka ka le henhla ka gezi. MaAfrika-Dzonga ma ta tivisiwa hi nkarhi loko swo tshika swi lavekile ku teka goza rero, ku endlela leswaku hinkwerhu hi ta kota ku pulana hi mfanelo.
Nakambe Khabinete yi vuyelela leswaku xiyimo xa swipimelo swa eneji swa fanele eka vuhlayisi bya nkoka nakambe na le ka timhaka ta swa xithekinikali leti endliwaka ku nga ri hi vomu ha vumbirhi ku katsa vukhamba bya ka yiviwa ka tikhebulu.
Khabinete yi tshembisa maAfrika-Dzonga leswaku tiphurogireme to hambanahambana ti le ndleleni ku vona leswaku gezi leri lavekaka ra fikeleriwa na leswaku xiyimo xa matimba ya gezi xa hlayisiwa mikarhi hinkwayo. Phurogireme yo aka miako yi kongomisa eka ku lava ku vona leswaku ikhonomi ya seketeriwa hi miako leyi nga fanela eka malembe lama taka.
1.6. Khabinete na yona yi tlangerisa lava nga amukela Masagwati ya Rixaka (National Orders) na ku kombisa ntsako wa yona lowukulu ka ku hoxa xandla mayelana na ku humelerisiwa ka xidemokirasi na ku antswisiwa ka vutomi bya maAfrika-Dzonga.
1.7. Khabinete yi kombela hinkwavo vatswari na vahlayisi va Afrika-Dzonga lava nga na vana lava nga na malembe yo suka eka tin’hweti ta kaye ku fika eka ntlhanu wa malembe hi vukhale ku sirhelela rihanyo ra vona hi ku tirhisa mapfhumba ya nsawutiso wa pholiyo na swimungwamungwana ka vana etikweni hinkwaro.
Ndzawulo ya Rihanyo yi sungurile pfhumba leri ra nsawutiso hi 29 Dzivamisoko 2013, hi ku nyika xipfuneti xo lwa na mavabyi eka vana lava nga fanela hinkwavo, mayelana na ntirho wa nsawutiso.
1.8. Khabinete yi seketela hi matimba swinene Vhiki ra Nhlayiseko Emagondzweni ra Nhlangano ya Misava leri nga ta va kona ku suka hi 6 ku fika 12 Mudyaxihi 2013 ehansi ka nhlokomhaka leyi nge “Vuhlayiseki bya N’wamilenge”.
Khabinete yi rhamba maAfrika-Dzonga hinkwavo, ngopfungopfu vachayeri na van’wamilenge, ku va na vutihlamuleri lebyikulu, ku va na vukheta swinene na ku va na vuxiyaxiya emagondzweni ya hina. Khabinete yi boxile leswaku nhlayo ya mafu ya van’wamilenge yi le henhla swinene emagondzweni eAfrika-Dzonga.
Khabinete yi ya emahlweni yi kombela maAfrika-Dzonga hinkwavo ku va na vukheta hi nkarhi lowu na ku xiyaxiya milawu hinkwayo ya le magondzweni.
1.9. Hi ku landza ku humelela ka rendzo ra Phuresidente Jacob Zuma eka Mfumo wa Riphabuliki ya Nigeria exikarhi ka n’hweti ya Dzivamisoko 2013, Phuresidente Goodluck Jonathan u ta va na Rendzo ra Ximfumo eAfrika-Dzonga ku suka hi 6 ku fika 7 Mudyaxihi 2013. Hi nkarhi wa rendzo ra yena, mitwanano exikarhi ka matiko mambirhi yi ta kurisiwa na ku kaneriwa ehansi ka switsundzuxo swa Khomixini ya Matiko Lamambirhi ya Afrika-Dzonga – Nigeria.
Khabinete yi tlhela yi tiyisisa ku tiyimisela ka mfumo wa Afrika-Dzonga eka ku ndlandlamuxa vuxaka bya rona na tiko ra Nigeria eka ku engetela ntirhisano wa swa mabindzu na ntirhisano wo antswisa Afrika.
1.10. Khabinete yi amukerile ximfumo marito yo kombela ku rivaleriwa ku suka eka Holobyenkulu wa Central African Republic, Tatana Nicholas Tiangaye, eka leswi humeleleke ku nga leswi nga riki kahle leswi nga endla leswaku ku kondza ku hundza emisaveni swirho swa Vuthu ra Vusirheleri ra Afrika-Dzonga (SANDF).
Nakambe Khabinete yi tlhela yi vula leswaku ku tiyimisela ka yona eka ku rhula, ku humelela na ntshamiseko wa Afrika hi ku tirhisa ku nghenela na tiphurogireme to hambanahambana, ku katsa mapfhumba yo tisa ku rhula.
1.11. Khabinete, hi ku yimela Mfumo na vanhu va Afrika-Dzonga, yi yisa marito ya ku chavelela eka Vanhu va Tiko ra China hikokwalaho ka mafu lama vangiweke hi ku ninginika ka misava eka Xifundzankulu xa Sichuan xa tiko hi 20 Dzivamisoko 2013. Nakambe Khabinete yi yisa emahlweni ntwelavusiwana wa yona eka vanhu va Bangladesh lava khumbhekeke eka khombo ra feme.
1.12. Khabinete yi amukela ku endzeriwa ka khale ka Phuresidente Nelson Mandela hi nhlangano lowu fambisaka tiko. Rendzo a ri fambelana na swipimelo leswi amukelekaka swa Vumunhu na hilaha hi langutaka swirho leswikulu swa vaaki. Vatirhi va le hofisini lava ku vuriwa vona va kombisile ku tsakela ka tiko eka xiyimo xa khale ka Phuresidente kutani va tirhisile nkarhi lowu ku tivisa tiko, tikonkulu na misava hi xiyimo xa murhangeri wa hina loyi a xiximiwaka na ku tsakeriwa.
2. Mikanerisano ya Nkoka ya Khabinete na mikanerisano
2.1. Khabinete yi hoyozerile ku nghenelela ka Afrika-Dzonga na swirhangana swa Nhlangano wa Misava wa swa Ikhonomi (WEF) Africa 2013 leyi nga ta khomiwa eKapa ku suka hi 8 ku fika 10 Mudyaxihi 2012, ehansi ka nhlokomhaka leyi nge: “Ku fikelela switshembiso swa Afrika”.
WEF-Africa eka xifundza i huvo leyi kongomisaka eka ikhonomi leyi nyikaka mpfuneto eka swa mabindzu ya laha tikweni na le ka xifundza kasi vavekisi lava nga na ku tsakela eka xifundza va endla vucincanisi naswona va kota ku vumba ntirhisano na mimfumo.
Ku rhurhela nhlengeletano swi ta pfuna Afrika-Dzonga hi ku engetela ku vuyeriwa eka ku nghenelela na ku hlohletela varhangeri va Afrika na va matiko ya misava na mabindzu ya xifundza eka ku nghenelela loko swi koteka ku hlanganisa na ku kurisa nhluvukiso eAfrika-Dzonga na le ka xifundza.
2.2. Khabinete yi pasisile leswaku nkandziyiso wa vutsevu wa Swikombiso swa Nhluvukiso (2012) ku kandziyisiwa. Swikombiso swa nhluvukiso swi hundzukile nkandziyiso wa lembe kasi nkandziyiso wa 2012 wu katsakanya data eka swiletelo ngopfungopfu swa nkarhi lowu hi fikisaka exikarhi ka lembe ra 2012. Swikombiso swi pfuna eka ku twisisa ntshikelelo wa tipholisi to hambana ta mfumo na matshalatshala ya vukorhokeri.
Ndzavisiso wa ku cinca loku wu katsiwile eka xikombo wu tiyisisa ku twisisa ka hina ka ku antswa ka nhluvukiso wa vanhu lowu hi nga eku wu endleni tanihi tiko eka swiyenge swa nkoka swa pholisi na ku kombisa ku yisa emahlweni swiyenge laha hi faneleke ku engetela ntamu. Nhlengeletano yo hlawuleka ya mahungu yo nyika mahungu ya nkoka yi ta lulamisiwa ku hlamusela xiviko.
2.3. Khabinete hlambanya 31 Mhawuri 2013 tanihi siku ro hetelela ka Vapfhumba lava khumbekaka vo huma eAngola lava kumekaka eRiphabuliki ra Afrika-Dzonga. Leswi swi hi mayelana na siku ro hetelela leri hlambanyiweke hi Khomixinarankulu wa Nhlangano wa Matiko wa Vapfhumba (UNHCR) hi nkarhi wa Nhlangula 2009, na xivangelo xa matshalatshala eka ku kurisa nhlangano wa xifundza.
Ku cinca ka nkoka ku vile kona ku sukela eku heleni ka nyimpi ya xin’wanamanana eAngola. Ku tshembhiwa leswaku vapfhumba vo huma eAngola va fanele ku kota ku koxa vuakitiko bya tiko ra vona bya xiviri, hikuva swivangelo leswi kombisaka munhu tanihileswi mupfhumba ku va byi nga ha riki kona.
Mfumo wa Afrika-Dzonga wu ta vona leswaku muakitiko un’wana na un’wana wa tivisiwa hi mayelana na ku hela ka siku ro endla swikombelo eka vanhu lava khumbhekaka na ku khutaza vanhu va Angola ku tinyiketela ku humela erivaleni hi voxe ku tlheriseriwa ekaya.
2.4. Khabinete yi tivisile leswaku Union Buildings yi ta va na siku ra rona ro tsundzuka 100 ra malembe hi N’wendzamhala. Yi ya emahlweni yi pasisa leswaku malembedzana ya funghiwa hi ku endla tiphurojeke to hambana ku fana na tanihi ku mikhuvo ya Siku ra Ndzivalelano, 16 N’wendzamhala 2013, ehansi ka nhlokomhaka yo tlakusa ku vumba ntirhisano wa vanhu, vun’we bya tiko, ku katsa na ndzivalelano.
2.5. Khabinete yi pasisile leswaku xiviko hi mayelana na Performance of Sector Education and Training Authorities (t-SETA) ku suka eka Xipano xa Ntirho xa Ntlawa eka ti-SETA ku xi humesiwa leswaku vanhu va nyika mavonelo. Xiviko xi nyika swibumabumelo swa hilaha matirhelo ya ti-SETA xi nga ha antswisiwa hi ku tirhisa ndzavisiso wo kongomisa eka swiyenge swa nkoka swo hambanahambana, tanihi ku Kunguhata na ku Rhumela, Mpfumelelano na Mafumelo, Malawulelo ya Nkwama na swa Timali.
2.6. Khabinete yi pasisile Ndlela ya Thekinoloji ya Vuhlanganisi bya Mahungu (ICT) ya Ndzavisiso, Nhluvukiso na Vuqambhi (RDI) tanihi vuvekisi bya nkarhi wo leha na pulani ya matirhiselo ya ICT RDI eAfrika-Dzonga ku seketela nhluvukiso wa ikhonomi ya vaaki.
RDI eka xiyenge xa ICT i ya nkoka eka ku tlakusa mphikizano wa swa ku vekisa. Tanihilaha swi hlamuseriweke ha kona eka Pulani ya Nhluvukiso ya Tiko ya 2012, Afrika-Dzonga ri lahlekeriwile hi xiyimo xa rona tanihi murhangeri wa tikonkulu eka Inthanete na le ka xiyimo xa swa vuhlanganisi byo nava.
Xiletelo lexi i ndlela leyinene ya xitirateji xa matirhiselo, lexi nga na nhlengelo wa magoza ya tipulani na marimba ya matirhiselo, ku letela na ku lawula vuvekisi eAfrika-Dzonga eka ICT RDI ku tlula 10 ra malembe lama landzelaka.
Xitirateji xa ICT RDI xi se xi sungurile ku komba ku humelela ka nkoka ko khomeka ku fana na tanihi phurojeke yo kombisa ku khomana bya xiyanimoya, leswi seketelaka mixavo ya le hansi ku fikelela eka xiyimo xa vuhlanganisi byo nava ku tlula 200 wa swikolo swa le matikoxikaya eMpumalanga na Limpopo.
2.7. Khabinete yi tivisiwile hi ta ku rhurhela International Union of Architects (UIA) World Congress hi 2014 eDurban hi South African Institute of Architects (SAIA).
SAIA yi winile xivangwa xo rhurhela eka Nhlengeletano ya Misava ya UIA hi 2008 leyi a yi khomeriwile eTurin, eItaly. Nhlengeletano ya 2014 yi ta va na tlanga xiphemu xa nkoka eka ku ndlandlamuxa ntivovuaki eka tikonkulu nakambe na ku paluxa swa vuaki swa miganga emisaveni ku swi fikisa eka xiyimo xa le henhla na mbangu wa vuaki byo hambanahambana.
3. Ku thoriwa ka vanhu
3.1. Khabinete yi pasisile ku thoriwa ka vanhu lava landzelaka:
a) Tatana Coceko Bambihlelo Johan Pakade eka xiyimo xa Mufambisinkulu eka Ndzawulo ya Nhluvukiso wa Vanhu.
b) Tatana Fhumulani Peter Netshipale eka xiyimo xa Xandla xa Mufambisinkulu: Nhlanganiso wa Nhluvukiso eka Ndzawulo ya Nhluvukiso wa Vanhu.
c) Tatana Harold Maloka eka xiyimo xa Xandla xa Mulawurinkulu: Mululamisi wa Mahlelelo na Mahangalaselo eka Vuhlanganisi bya Vufambisi bya Mfumo bya Vuhlanganisi na Mahungu.
d) Manana Mogogodi Doris Dioka eka xiyimo xa Mufambisi-Jenerali (Xandla xa Mufambisinkulu) eka Xiyenge xa Mitirho yo Kandziyisa xa Mfumo.
e) Manana Constance Glerah Nxumalo eka Xandla xa Mufambisinkulu: Xiyenge xa Mphakelo eka Ndzawulo ya Nhluvukiso wa Vanhu.
3.2. Khabinete yi tivisiwile hi ku thoriwa ka Tatana Asogan Moodley eka xiyimo xa Mulawurinkulu eka Vulawuri bya Tiko ka Xiyenge xo Xava Nhundzu (NRCS) ku suka hi 01 Khotavuxika 2013 naswona nkarhi wo tirha lowu nga sala wu fika emakumu hi 31 N’wendzamhala 2014.
3.3. Khabinete yi tivisiwile hi ku thoriwa ka swirho leswi landzelaka ku tirha eka Huvo ya NRCS ku suka hi 1 Khotavuxika 2013 ka nkarhi lowu nga sala wa ku tirha lowu helaka hi 23 Nyenyankulu 2014.
a) Tatana Jeff Molobela (Mutshamaxitulu)
b) Tatana Paul Kabelo Kgothatso Serote
3.4. Khabinete yi seketela ku thoriwa ka Huvo leyintshwa ya Mati eSedibeng, ku ringana mune wa malembe ku suka hi 30 Dzivamisoko 2013.
a) Gqwetankulu Shami Kholong
b) Derick Mboweni
c) Maemili J Ramataboe (Mutshamaxitulu)
d) Goitse Griessel Ramakarane
e) Eric Atlholang Gaborone
f) Kgalalelo Gloria Sereko
g) Pulane Elsie Molokwane
h) Moses Mphahlele Mthombeni
i) Matshedisho David Dikoko (Xandla xa Mutshamaxitulu)
j) Deon Daniel Madyo.
3.5. Khabinete yi tivisiwile leswaku African Development Bank yi ta va na nhlawulo wa mani na mani wa vafambisi va Tihuvo hi nkarhi wa Nhlengeletano ya Lembe ya 2013 eMarrakech, Morocco hi 31 Mudyaxihi 2013.
a) Khabinete yi seketela ku hlawuriwa ka Tatana Shahid Khan ku tirha theme ya vumbirhi tanihi Mufambisinkulu ku yimela Afrika-Dzonga, eLesotho na Swaziland.
3.6. Khabinete yi seketela ku thoriwa ka Huvo leyintshwa ya Technology Innovation Agency ku ringana mune wa malembe ku sukela hi 1 Mudyaxihi 2013.
a) Manana Khungeka Njobe (Mutshamaxitulu)
b) Manana Rosetta Xaba
c) Dok. Bonakele Mehlomakulu
d) Tatana Mohamed Moolla
e) Manana Helen Brown (thoriwa nakambe)
f) Prof. David Ellis Kaplan
g) Gqwetankulu Motlatjo Josephine Ralefatane
h) Dok Petro Terblanche
i) Tatana Fadl Hendricks
j) Dok. Steve Lennon.
3.7. Khabinete yi seketela ku thoriwa ka swirho leswi landzelaka ka nkarhi lowu nga sala wa sweswi wa South African National Space Agency Board, lowu fikaka emakumu hi 31 Mudyaxihi 2014.
a) Manana Esther Khambule
b) Tatana Marius Rezelman
c) Prof. ADM Walker
d) Dok. Daphney Mayindi
e) Dok. Jonas Mphepya.
Xi humesiwile hi Vufambisi bya Mfumo bya Vuhlanganisi na Mahungu
(GCIS)
Swivutiso: Phumla Williams (Mukhomelamuvulavuleri wa Khabinete)
Nomboro ya vutihlanganisi: 083 501 0139
Issued by: Department of Communications


text:
Distance
distance calculator for the cities begins with min in cm.
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At the recent Polokwane Literature Festival, author and poet Mandla Mtileni launched his latest novel Mpimavayeni.
Mpimavayeni is his first novel, written in Xitsonga and set in a fictional place located a few meters away from Freedom Square in Kliptown, Soweto. Mpimavayeni is the name of an informal settlement
It is a story of a corrupt ward councillor and member of the mayoral committee, Griffiths Rambau (nom de guerre Looksmart Mapapila) who sells the land (Mpimavayeni) to the highest bidder, his friend and comrade Jafta Molefe; a young urban planner (Uhuru Mtebule) who refuses to be corrupted; and a people who fight to the bitter end.
Mpimavayeni, a Xitsonga novel, is available at R160 a copy from the author. For more details, or to buy, email nhlalalabooks@gmail.com, call 0725943448, or inbox Moses Nzama Khaizen Mtileni on Facebook.
read below the excerpt from the novel in Xitsonga and English:
Ntshaho ku suka eka novhele ya Mpimavayeni
Laha na lahaya; vanhu va kandziyelanile, va susumetana. Ku pfinyaneriwa ku kuma ndhawu yo vona kahle loyi a vitaniwile ku ta yima le mahlweni a burisana ni ntshungu. Kumbe timbilu a ti hisekela ku twa tinhlamulo leti Manyathela a a vurile leswaku wanuna luya u ti tamerile. Kumbe mahlo a yo navela ku tikhorwisa leswaku wanuna luya va nga n’wi hetelela lembe ra ngoma ya timbyana wa ha hefemula ku kota vona.
Endzhaku ka xinkadyana lexi nga hetiki mbilu, wanuna u hlomukile entshungwini hi tlhelo leriya Manyathela a languteke eka rona. Na namuntlha a ambarile sudu ya nsuku. Leyi lava va swi tivaka a va ta ku yi koxile macheleni yo nyawula. A khwita kantsongo a kongoma kwale a a vitaniwa kona.
Nenge luwa, ku tsundzuka nuna luya a n’wi vitanile a langutile wanuna luya, a wu nga ri nenge wa ntiyiso wa nkulukumba loyi. A wu ri pulasitiki leyi a nyikiwile hi madokodela lowu a vekela no susa hi ku rhandza. Xifaniso xa nenge. Nenge wakwe wa ntiyiso a wu vandlamuriwile hi xibuluki xa hand grenade enkambeni ya vuleteri malembe ndzhaku. Eka nghozi yo hlamarisa, swi nga vuriwa leswaku wanuna loyi a a khwita a ri na vutomi byo tala. Hikuva hi lava nga nyiko ya vutomi va hanyaka endzhaku ka ku buluka ko tano.
…
Thina sizwe, si khalela…” a sungula risimu. Rito rakwe ri mitiwa hi mpfhuka, ri bodhlomela eka huwa ya ku n’unun’uta ka marito yo tala exikarhi ka ntshungu. A ku hlavelanga munhu.
“Ma va wu yeke …” a ringeta ku ya emahlweni. Nakambe, a ku vuyangi nchumu, handle ka ngulumelo wa rito rakwe n’wini etindleveni ta yena.
U miyerile, a mita marhi. U swi tivile xikan’wekan’we leswaku xibakabaka a xi visingarile. A ku ri hava nkarhi wa risimu kumbe tiviva na tiamandla. O fanela ku ba nhloko ya mhaka. Tilo ri nga si vandlamula, ri khohlola ndzilo wa rihati.
“Varhangeri va mina. Vaakatiko. Ndza mi losa. Rambau ko va vito ntsena, a ndzi nchumu wa cilo handle ka n’wina,” ku sungula Rambau loko huwa yi dzikile kantsongo.
“Hikokwalaho ndzi mi kolotaka hi laha kukulu. Ndzi mi kolota tinhlamulo eka swivutiso swo tala, na tinhlamuselo etimhakeni ta ntsandavahlayi. Kambe ndzi n’wana wa n’wina. Kutani u mi tlula hi yini wanuna la’ nga amukela n’wana wakwe wa vusopfa loko a vuyile, a tiva no n’wi tlhavela rhole ro nona? Na mina ku kota yena ndzi vuyile eka n’wina.”
“Hi mina loyi, ndzi kombela hi ku titsongahata ku rivaleriwa ku va ndzi nga si vuya eka n’wina mpfhuka ka nhlawulo. Mintirho ya hofisi yi tele no tika.”, a ya emahlweni.
“Miyela! Miyela! Famba! Famba,” ku huwelela ntshungu, marito ya hlavelelana eka nkwentlembetano wa wona. Virginia a yimisa voko ku va miyeta. Va miyela.
“N’wana hi yena wo hoxa. I ntirho wa mutswari ku n’wi tshinya,” i Rambau a tilondla.
“Ndza swi tiva leswaku mitirho ya siku yi mi yimerile. Na wona maxelo a ya pfumelelani na hina. Kutani ndzi ta vulavula hi ku kongoma no komisa,” Rambau a vulavula a ri karhi a huwelela, a ringeta ku pfala marito lawa a ya pfa ya n’wi kavanyeta. Van’wana a va pfa va n’wi haxa hi nhlamba. Van’wana va hayiteriwa va karhi ku mpfhumpfhampfhumpfheka va chavisela ku ya n’wi khoma hi tiwacheni kwale mahlweni.
“Hi ku landza nkwama wa Masipala wa malembe manharhu la’ya landzelaka; tindlu le Fleurhof ti ta sungula ku akiwa hi Sunguti haxawa. Leswi swi vula leswaku n’wina mi ta rhurhisiwa ntsena ku ya tshama kona eka lembe leri nga ta tlhandlamaka ra haxawa.”
“Tshika ku hi dyela nkarhi Grif. I nkwama wa yini? I kangani u hi byela ta nkwama? Hi ta rindza nkwama vahaxawa vangani? Swona i nkwama muni wo ka wu nga pfi wu tswala mihandzu? Mi ta tumbela ku fika kwihi endzeni ka nkwama lowu xana? A hi koti ku tshamela nkwama. Ku laveka vukorhokeri, sweswi, ku nga ri mundzuku,” ku leva mukhalabye Nkelunkelu Mhlahlandlela a khigetele nhonga yo famba hi yona. Leswi tindleve a ti nga ha twi kule, mukhalabye a yimile kwala kusuhi na laha Rambau a ri kona. Kutani lava a va ri mahlweni va ri twile rito na marito ya vukarhi yo huma eka xikhalabyana xo koma Mhlahlandlela.
***
Lexo vulavula hi xona xi bvunghiwile eswandleni swakwe hi xitshuketa. Muvutli wa xona u pfange no n’wi hima nomo wa le henhla hi xikokola. A dedeleka. Manyathela a tlula a n’wi qhavulela a nga si fika ehansi. A khensa embilwini.
Jaha leri a ri vutlile lexo vulavula hi xona a ri dyanga nkarhi hi ku titivisa. A ri vulavula hi mahika, nyuku wu ri karhi ku halaka kunene emirhini wa rona. A wonge ri lo hlangana na xipuku. Ri hlamuserile hi ku komisa leswaku lori leyikulu a yi heta ku chicha vuthu lerikulu ra vavanuna vo ambala tihovhorolo to tshwuka. Sweswi va nga kwala, vavanuna lavaya va pomerile rihlanguti ra vuhumadyambu bya muti wa Mpimavayeni ku kota vusose. Vavanuna lava a va ri ku humeseleni ka vanhu emikhukhwini ya vona. Lava endlaka nkanu a va huduriwa kunene, va lahleriwa ehandle. Tinhundzu a ti ri ku cukumeteriweni. Mikhukhu a yi ri ku mbindzimuxiweni. Loko va vutisiwa leswaku a ku humelela yini; vavanuna lava a va vula leswaku Huvo ya Nawu a yi va nyikile mpfumelelo wo mbindzimuxa mikhukhu ya Mpimavayeni.
Rambau a nga vonakangi na leswo u humile hi kwihi. U hatlisile ku twa lomu moya a wu ba wu ya kona. A ku nyakwi. A khokhomela exikarhi ka ntshungu a ya humelela lahaya kusuhi na patu movha a wu pakile kona. A ba khiya, movha wu dya thayere. A nyamalala a hambana na mangava ya Mpimavayeni!
—-
An excerpt from the novel Mpimavayeni
Here and there; people shuffled, pushed, trampled upon each other. Each seeking that vantage point from which to fully see the one who had been asked to ascend to address the crowd. Perhaps they burnt to hear the answers that the one ascending was said to possess. Perhaps their eyes longed to satisfy themselves that the one they had last seen in the year of the dog still walked among the living.
In a time shorter than their longing, a man emerged from the crowds from the side where the one who had called him was looking. Even today, he wore a gold suit. The kind those in the knowledge of such matters of fashion would say cost a fortune. Limping, he walked slowly to the place where he was called.
That leg, the man who had called him had recalled looking at the one he had called, was not his true leg. But plastic the doctors had given him that could be placed and removed at will. A replica of a leg. His own real leg had been lost to a hand grenade that had prematurely exploded in a training camp in years past. In an accident of magnitudes, it could be said that this man now limping was full of life. For only those few among the living blessed with fuller life survive such explosions.
…
The man finally arrived at that open space reserved for purposes of address, and asked for a microphone. “Thina sizwe, sikhalela…” (we the people, we are crying for…), he started in song. His voice was swallowed by the air it sought to penetrate, and sank in the mumblings of the many impatient voices in the crowd. No one sang in reply.
“Ma va wu yeke…” (let them leave it…). He tried again, but again nothing, except the echo of his own voice returning to land on his ears.
He paused, and swallowed. He saw at once, blackening clouds gathering, that the skies are angry. There was no time for song or viva’s and amandla’s. He must nail it in the head. Before the skies explode, and cough flames of lightning.
“My leaders. Children of land. I salute you. Rambau is just a name, I am nothing of anything without you”, started Rambau when the noise subsided a little.
“It is hence I owe you in proportions beyond mention. I owe you answers to questions plenty, and explanations on matters beyond counting. But I am your son. So what better is the man who slaughtered a fat calf for a prodigal son that returned? And I like him have returned to you.”
“Here I am, requesting humbly your forgiveness that I have not set foot here since the last elections. The duties of office are plenty and difficult”, he went on.
“Shut up! Shut up! Leave! Go!” shouted the crowd, voices harmonising in their collision. Virginia raised her hand to plead for their silence. They went silent.
“It is for a child to fumble. For the parent to admonish,” it is Rambau humbling himself.
“I know other work awaits you, I will get to the point”. He spoke at the top of his voice, trying to race against the voices that interrupted him. Some threw at him insults. Others reprimanded roaring threatening to hold him with his clothes right there at the front where he stood.
“According to the Municipal budget of the three years coming; houses at Fleurhof will be built starting next January. This means that you will be moved there to stay only a year after the next.”
“Stop wasting our time Grif. A budget for what? How many times have you told us of a budget? How many next years will we wait for the budget? What kind of budget is this that bears no fruits? For how long will you hide inside this budget? We cannot sit waiting for a budget. We want service, now, not tomorrow.”, fumed old man Nkelunkelu Mhlahlandlela leaning against his walking stick. Since his ears could no longer hear far, the old man was standing not far from where Rambau stood.
***
The thing through which you speak was snatched from his hands suddenly. The one who snatched it hit his upper lip with his elbow. He staggered. Manyathela jumped and grabbed him before he could land on the ground. He said his thanks in his heart.
The young man who had snatched the thing through which you spoke did not waste any time introducing himself. He spoke urgently, sweat flooding his body. It was as if he had met a ghost. He explained briefly that a huge truck had just dropped off a large army of men who wore red overalls. As they gathered here, those men were patched against the eastern part of the place of Mpimavayeni like ants. Those men were throwing people out of their shacks. Those who were seen as stubborn were dragged violently, and thrown into the open air. Their belongings were being thrown out. The shacks were being pounded. When asked what was happening; these men were saying that a Court of Law had given them permission to destroy the shacks of Mpimavayeni.
No one saw where Rambau went. He was quick to detect the direction of the wind. He shuffled his way through the crowd and emerged there near the road where his car was parked. He turned on the key, and the car moved. He disappeared, away from the troubles of Mpimavayeni!
Mpimavayeni, a Xitsonga novel, is available at R160 a copy from the author. For more details, or to buy, email nhlalalabooks@gmail.com, call 0725943448, or inbox Moses Nzama Khaizen Mtileni on Facebook.


text:
OriginView English Version
Vaka Masungwini-Chauke/Xioki hi huma eHlengweni eka Xilonga. Vakokwana va sukile eHlengweni va lava vudyelo bya swifuwo ni ku papalata tinyimpi. Eku fambeni ka vona va hundze hi le Zimbabwe, laha ku nga sala van'wana va rixaka ra ka Chauke (tani hi Samuel Mugulugudu) ntukulu-xindhuwa wa Xitwhalana na N'wa-Xitlhari.
Kokwani Masungwini va fambe ku kondza va fika eN'walungu wa Afrika Dzonga, laha va nga tshama kona na mhani wa vona N'wa-Xirhun'wa ku fikela va hundza emisaveni. Hi vumbirhi bya vona va lahliwile eVenda eka Mavhunda.
Xithwalana na N'wa-Xirhunw'a a va ri vatwari va Mahutsi - mativula, a landziwa hi Masungwini, a landza hi Matimisi, ku landza N'wa-Xithwalana wa ka Tsundzuka ku hetelela Yingwana tata wa Chela


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Vuaki
Vuaki (Risuka eka rito ra Xilatina architectura, naxigriki arkhitekton, leswivulaka "muaki lonkulu") indlela na vuxokoxoko byo kunguhata no aka swiakiwo kumbe tiyindlu na swin'wana. Ntirho wavuaki wutikomba eka miako leyi hetiweke tanihi ntiro wavutshila. Mindzhavuko yakhale yitiviwa hikuya hi tindlela tavona to aka na swihondzo kumbe tiyindlu leti hulukeke malembe yotala.
"Ndlela yo aka" yingathlela yivula:
- Ndlela yo hlamusela swiakiwo swo hambana hambana.[1]
- Vutshila na sayensi yo aka swiakiwo.
- Ndlela ya kuhlela na ku aka[2]
- Vutivi bya vutshila, Sayensi, thekinoloji, na vanhu.
- Ntirho wa kunguhata wa muaki-nkulu, kusukela eka madorobha lamakulu kuya eka swilo ledswitsongo swo fana na switulu.[3]


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Distance
distance calculator for the cities begins with vak in ru.
Vakarevo, Vakarikha, Vakarino, Vakarino, Vakarino, Vakarino, Vakarino, Vakats, Vakh-Pochinok, Vakhitovo, Vakhitovo, Vakhitovskiy Rayon, Vakhlovo, Vakhnetsy, Vakhnevo, Vakhnevo, Vakhnevo, Vakhnevo, Vakhnevo, Vakhneyevo, Vakhnimakhi, Vakhnovo, Vakhnovo, Vakhnovo, Vakhnovo, Vakhnovskaya, Vakhonino, Vakhonino, Vakhonino, Vakhonino, Vakhonino, Vakhoniny, Vakhon'kino, Vakhotkino, Vakhova, Vakhova, Vakhovka, Vakhovsk, Vakhovskiy, Vakhrameikha, Vakhrameyevo, Vakhrameyevo, Vakhrenino, Vakhrenki, Vakhren'yevo, Vakhrino, Vakhrino, Vakhrino, Vakhromeyevo, Vakhromeyevo, Vakhromeyevo, Vakhromeyevo, Vakhromeyevo, Vakhromeyevo, Vakhromeyka, Vakhromy, Vakhrovo, Vakhrunikha, Vakhrushata, Vakhrushev, Vakhrusheva, Vakhrushevo, Vakhrushevo, Vakhrushevo, Vakhrushevo, Vakhrushevo, Vakhrushevo, Vakhrushevo, Vakhrushevo, Vakhrushevo, Vakhrushevo, Vakhrushevo, Vakhrushevo, Vakhrushi, Vakhrushi, Vakhrushi, Vakhrushi, Vakhrushi, Vakhrushi, Vakhrushi, Vakhrushi, Vakhrushino, Vakhrushonki, Vakhryunino, Vakhsamtaukurt, Vakhtan, Vakhtan-Rachki, Vakhtana, Vakhtino, Vakhtino, Vakhtinskaya, Vakhtovyy, Vakhtovyy Poselok, Vakhtovyy Poselok Oleniy, Vakhtovyy Poselok Pervomayskiy, Vakhtovyy Poselok Pionerniy, Vakhtovyy Poselok Tayezhnyy, Vakhutino, Vakhutino, Vakhutki, Vakhvayarvi, Vakino, Vakino, Vakiyarovo, Vakkila, Vakkolovo, Vako-Zhile, Vakorino, Vakorino, Vakorino, Vakorino, Vakorino, Vakovshchina, Vakrakovo, Vaksa, Vaksalovskiy, Vaksintsy, Vakulino, Vakulovka, Vakulovo, Vakulovo, Vakurikha, Vakurino,
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Vunanga
Vunanga ivutshila bya ndzhavuko lebyi hlanganisaka ku chaya naku yimbelela. Swiyenge swa vunanga swihlanganisa vuenti, kuvuyelela, na ku cincacinca ka marito na mpfumawulo. Muxaka wa vunanga wunga kandziyisa xiyenge xin'we kumbe swin'wana. Vunanga byi tlangiwa hi swichayana swo hambana na kuyimbelela leswaku kusumiwa nghoma. Rito vunanga hi xigriki i mousike; kumbe "vutshila bya vayimbeleri".[1]
Hi kuangarhela, nhlamuselo wa vunanga byi hlanganisa na tindlela to endla vunanga (tinsimu, tinghoma na mupfumawulo ya vunanga), kuxopaxopa vunanga na tidyondzo ta vunanga bya khale. Vagriki vakhale na va Indiya ava hlawula mafambisele ya vunanga hikuya hi mimpfumawulo ya swichayachayana kumbe marito. Vunga byi fanela ku nadziha e tindleveni loko byi yingiseriwa. Hambiswiritano n'wavunanga John Cage u ehlekete leswaku mpfumawulo wun'wana na wun'wana wunga va vunanga, hixikombiso, ute "Kuhava pongo, kova mpfumawulo ntsena."[2]
Kuendla, kutlanga, nkoka na nhlamuselo wa vunanga, swa hambana hambana kuya hi ndzhavuko. Kusuka ka khale, vunagna byin'wana abyi nga voniwi tani hi vunanga lebyinene, kufana na vunanga bya Beethoven, hi 1825,[3] vunanga byo sungula bya jazz hi malembe ya 1900.[4][5] Kuna tinxakanxaka ta vunanga, kuhlanganisa na Vunanga byo duma, vunanga vutshila, vunanga bya vukhongeri na vunanga bya ntirho.
Eka mindzhavuko yotala, vunanga ibya nkoka eka vutomi bya vanhu, byi tlanga xiphemu xo hlawuleka eka vukhongeri, mintirho ya xintu, michato, mincino na yin'wana mintirho ya makhwaya. Van'wana vanhu va tlanga vunanga tani hi xilo xo titsakisa no hundzisa nkarhi, kasi van'wana vatlanga vunanga tani hi ntirho wo tihanyisa. Nkomponi ya vunanga yinhlanganisa, vatsari, vahumelerisi na vatlangi va vunanga, kuhlanganisa na vaxavisi va vunanga lebyi rhekhodiweke.
Mintshaho[Lulamisa | edit source]
- ↑ "Mousike, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, at Perseus". perseus.tufts.edu. Retrieved 27 October 2015.
- ↑ Kozinn, Allen (13 August 1992). "John Cage, 79, a Minimalist Enchanted With Sound, Dies". New York Times. Retrieved 11 September 2012.
- ↑ Watson 2009, 109–10.
- ↑ Reiland Rabaka.
- ↑ Manabe, Noriko.


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Mavabyi
Vuvabyi i xiyimo xo kavanyeta rihanyo lerinene eka swivumbiwa leswi hanyaka. Tidyondzo ta swivangelo swa mavabyi ti vuriwa patholoji. Mavabyi ma fambisana na swikombiso leswi hlawulekeke.[1] Mangaha vaneriwa hi switsongwatsongwana kumbe ku karhala ka masocha ya miri. Mavabyi makhumba vanhu enyameni, mathlela makhumba matitwele ya vona, hikuva kukhomiwa hi mavabyi kungacinca mavonele ya munhu hi vutomi na matihanyele.
Rifu leri vangiwaka hi mavabyi, ri tala ku vuriwa rifu ra ntumbuluko. Kuna swiyenge swa mune swa mavabyi: Mavabyi laya tlelelaka, Mavabyi yotsona, Mavabyi ya xitswariwa, na mavabyi ya mihleketo. Mavabyi manga thlela ma hambanisiwa hi xitlulela na kupfumala xitlulela. Mavabyi laya ngana nhlayo yalehenhla yo dlaya i mavabyi ya kusiveka ka misiha yangati, malandzeriwa hi mavabyi ya misiha yangati ya nhloko na Mavabyi ya xifuva.[2]
Swiyelanisi[Lulamisa | edit source]
- ↑ "Disease" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
- ↑ "What is the deadliest disease in the world?"


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Distance
distance calculator for the cities begins with xic in cn.
Xicaifangying, Xicaijiacun, Xicaituo, Xicaiyu, Xicang, Xicangdong, Xicansi, Xicao, Xicao, Xicao, Xicaoba, Xicaobocun, Xicaobucun, Xicaocun, Xicaoduo, Xicaojiatun, Xicaolin, Xicaotang, Xicaotang Xinzhai, Xicaotian, Xicaoying, Xicaozhai, Xicen, Xicen, Xicen, Xicen, Xicen, Xicetian, Xicha, Xicha, Xicha, Xicha, Xicha, Xicha, Xicha, Xicha, Xicha Sidui, Xicha Yidui, Xichacun, Xichagou, Xichagoukou, Xichahe, Xichahe, Xichahe, Xichahei, Xichajia, Xichala Baqi, Xichaliu, Xichalugou, Xichang, Xichang, Xichang, Xichang, Xichang, Xichang, Xichang, Xichang, Xichang, Xichang, Xichang, Xichang, Xichang, Xichang, Xichang Shi, Xichangbang, Xichangcun, Xichangcun, Xichangfa, Xichanggou, Xichanggu, Xichanghecun, Xichangshou, Xichangxudai, Xichansi, Xichaojiazhuangcun, Xichaoli, Xichatou, Xichayu, Xichayuan, Xichehe, Xichen, Xichen, Xichen, Xichen, Xichen, Xichen, Xichen, Xichendicun, Xicheng, Xicheng, Xicheng, Xicheng, Xicheng, Xicheng, Xicheng, Xicheng, Xicheng, Xicheng, Xicheng, Xicheng, Xicheng, Xicheng, Xicheng, Xicheng, Xicheng, Xicheng, Xicheng, Xicheng Qu, Xichengang, Xichengcun, Xichengcun, Xichengfang, Xichengsi, Xichengwucun, Xichengyao, Xichengyu, Xichengzicun, Xichenji, Xichenlou, Xichenzhuang, Xichenzhuang, Xichi, Xichong, Xichong, Xichong, Xichong, Xichong, Xichong, Xichong, Xichong, Xichong, Xichong, Xichong, Xichong, Xichong, Xichong, Xichong, Xichong, Xichong, Xichong, Xichong, Xichong, Xichong, Xichong Xian, Xichongdawu, Xichongkou, Xichongling, Xichongshan, Xichongtou, Xichongwan, Xichou, Xichou Xian, Xichu, Xichuan, Xichuan, Xichuan Xian, Xichuancun, Xichuancun, Xichuancun, Xichuandi, Xichuanlou, Xichuanyangjia, Xichucun, Xichujiacun, Xichuwang, Xici, Xiciping, Xiciying, Xicui, Xicuibu, Xicuicun, Xicuihua, Xicun, Xicun, Xicun, Xicun, Xicun, Xicun, Xicun, Xicun, Xicun, Xicun, Xicun, Xicun, Xicun, Xicun, Xicun, Xicun, Xicun, Xicun, Xicun, Xicun, Xicun, Xicun, Xicun, Xicun, Xicun, Xicun, Xicun, Xicun, Xicun, Xicun, Xicun, Xicun, Xicun, Xicun, Xicun, Xicun, Xicun, Xicun, Xicun, Xicun, Xicun, Xicun, Xicun, Xicun, Xicun, Xicun, Xicun, Xicun, Xicun, Xicun, Xicun, Xicun, Xicun, Xicun, Xicun, Xicun, Xicun, Xicun Erdui, Xicun Yicun, Xicuncun, Xicuncun, Xicuncun, Xicuncun, Xicunfang, Xicunxu, Xicunzai, Xicuo, Xicuo,
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Minthlaveko
Minthlaveko i ntokoto wun'wana na wun'wana [1][2][3] wa vumunhu lowu fambisanaka na matirhele lama tlakukeke ya miehleketo wuthlela wu fambelana na ntsako kumbe gome.[4] Minhlahluvo yaSayensi, yahava ntwanano eka nhlamuselo ya minthlaveko ya munhu. Minthlaveko hakanyingi yi yelana na matitwele, matshamelo ya munhu, mboyamelo na swisusumeti swa vumunhu.[5] Eka tidyondzo tin'wana, miehleketo yi hlohlotela ngopfu minthlaveko ya vumunhu. Vanhu lava va endlaka swilo hi kuya hi minthlaveko ya vona, vanga ha tikomba vangari ku ehleketeni, hambi swiritano m'ehleketo ya vona yi teka xiphemu eka swiboho swa vona. Hixikombiso, ku twisisa leswaku hi ngava hiri ekhombyeni ku hlanganisa na kutlakuka ka mintirho ya hina ya miri (Ku thlakuka ka kuba ka mbilu na ku hefemula, nyuku, na ku tiya ka misiha), iswilaveko leswi fambisanaka na ku chava. Tidyondzo tin'wana ti xungeta leswaku minthlaveko yinga pfuka handle ka miehleketo yo karhi.
Minthlaveko yi rharhanganile. Hikuya hi mindzavisiso yo xungeta, kuna matitwele yo karhi lawa mavangaka ku cinca ka mathsamele kumbe miehleketo leyi yithelaka yi hlohlotela mahanyele ya hina.[6] Tidyondzo ta minthlaveko to yelanisa minthlaveko na switwi swa miri leswi swi kotaka kutwa kuya hi minthlaveko leyi hinga eka yona. Minhtlaveko yi thlela yi fambelana na mahanyelo na mintolovelo ku ya hi munhu na munhu. Vanhu lava pfumalaka tingana vakota ku phofula minthlaveko ya vona hi ku olova, kasi vanhu lavangana tingana va tala ku tumbeta minthlaveko ya vona eka vanhu kulori. Hakanyingi minthlaveko yi hlohlotela no susumeta munhu, kungava nsusumeto wo biha kumbe lowunene.[7] Hikuya hi mavonele man'wana, minthlaveko ayi vangi mahanyelo kumbe swiboho swokarhi eka munhu, kambe yova swikombiso ntsena swa vumunhu, leswi hlanganisaka nsusumeto, matitwele, matikhomele, na tindlela tin'wana to ehleketa, kambe hinkwaswo leswi a swi endli minthlaveko.[8]
Eka malembe ya khume mbirhi lama hundzeke, kuvonakele ku engeteleka ka mindzavisiso eka minthlaveko ya vumunhu, leyi ndlandlvuxeke vutivi eka tidyondzo ta mahanyele ya vanhu, matirhele ya byongo, Vutshunguri, Matimu na Sayensi ya tikhompuyuta. Tidyondzo leti ti ringeta ku hlamusela masungulo, matirhele na muxaka wa minthlaveko. Tindyondzo ta manguva lawa ti lavisisa matirhele ya minthlaveko naswona ti hlanganisa na ku tumbuluxa minchumu leyi nga tirhisiwaka ku vangela minthlaveko. Ku engetela kwalano ku tirhisiwa ka ti PET scans na ti fMRI scans swipfuna ku lavisisa matirhele ya yi byongo kuya hi minthlaveko.[9]
"Minthlaveko yinga ha hlamuseriwa tani hi ntokoto lowu nene kumbe lowo biha lowu yelanaka na mintirho yokarhi ya mi ehleketo." Minthlaveko yi vangela kucinca eka mahanyelo na maendlele ya swilo eka munhu. Ntirho wa minthlaveko ekusunguleni akuri ku hlohlotela kumbe ku susumeta munhu ku hanya no endla swilo hindlela yo karhi leswaku a sirheleleka. Minhtlaveko yi vangiwa hi ku cinca ko karhi kalendzeni kumbe kale handle ka switwi swa miri.[10]
Minthsaho[Lulamisa | edit source]
- ↑ Panksepp, Jaak (2005). Affective neuroscience : the foundations of human and animal emotions ([Reprint] ed.). Oxford [u.a.]: Oxford Univ. Press. p. 9. ISBN 0-19-509673-8. "Our emotional feelings reflect our ability to subjectively experience certain states of the nervous system. Although conscious feeling states are universally accepted as major distinguishing characteristics of human emotions, in animal research the issue of whether other organisms feel emotions is little more than a conceptual embarrassment"
- ↑ Damasio, AR (May 1998). "Emotion in the perspective of an integrated nervous system.". Brain research. Brain research reviews 26 (2-3): 83–6. PMID 9651488.
- ↑ Davidson, edited by Paul Ekman, Richard J. (1994). The Nature of emotion : fundamental questions. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 291–93. ISBN 0195089448. "Emotional processing, but not emotions, can occur unconsciously."CS1 maint: Extra text: authors list (link)
- ↑ Cabanac, Michel (2002). "What is emotion?" Behavioural Processes 60(2): 69-83. "[E]motion is any mental experience with high intensity and high hedonic content (pleasure/displeasure)."
- ↑ "Theories of Emotion". Psychology.about.com. 13 September 2013. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
- ↑ Scirst=Daniel L. (2011). Psychology Second Edition. 41 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10010: Worth Publishers. p. 310. ISBN 978-1-4292-3719-2.
- ↑ Gaulin, Steven J. C. and Donald H. McBurney. Evolutionary Psychology. Prentice Hall. 2003. ISBN 978-0-13-111529-3, Chapter 6, p 121-142.
- ↑ Barrett, L.F. and Russell, J.A. The psychological construction of emotion. Guilford Press. 2015. ISBN 978-1462516971.
- ↑ Cacioppo, J.T & Gardner, W.L (1999). Emotion. "Annual Review of Psychology", 191.
- ↑ Schacter, D. L., Gilbert, D. T., Wegner, D. M., & Hood, B. M. (2011). Psychology (European ed.). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.


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Matimba
Rito Matimba leri nga ἐvέpYeιa kumbe energeia rihlamusela "kugingirika" hi xigriki.[1]. Eka ti dyondzo ta Fiziksi, Matimba mahundziseriwa eka nchumu wokarhi leswaku leswaku matirha, naswona manga cinciwa muhlovo, kambe matimba ama tumbuluxiwi kumbe ku herisiwa.[note 1]
Mixakka ya matimba mahlanganisa matimba yo fambisa swilo, matimba lama hlayisiweke hikwalaho ka matshamele ya nchumu wokarhi ekusuhi na matimba yo koka kumbe ya gezi, matimba yo tivuyelela, matimba ya khemikhali lama chunsiwaka loko ku hisiwa mafurha, matimba ya rivoningo na matimba yo kufumeta.
Tinoti[Lulamisa | edit source]
- ↑ The second law of thermodynamics can impose limitations on the capacity of a system to transfer energy by performing work, since some of the system's energy might necessarily be "wasted" in the form of [[:en:Heat|heat] instead.


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Afrika
Afrika i tiko-nkulu ra vumbirhi hi vukulu naswona i ro sungula hi ntalo wa va aki, ku landzela Axiya. Ku fikela kwalomu ka 30.2 wa timiliyoni ta km²) kuhlanganisa na swihlala leswi rhendzeleke, ri funengeta kwalomu ka 6% wa misava na 20.4% wa vundhzawu hinkwabyo bya misava.[2] Kwalomu ka 1,201 wa timiliyoni ta vanhu (kusukela hi lembe ra 2005)[3] e tindhzawini ta 61, ri yimila kwalomu ka 14.2% wa nthsungu wa misava. Tiko-nkulu leri ri rhendzeriwe hi Lwandle ra Meditera e nwalungwini, Suez Canal na lwandle ro tshuka enwalungwini bya vuxa, lwandle ra Indiya u dzongeni ra vuxa, na lwandle ra Atlantiki e vupela-dyambu. Kuni 53 wa matiko, kuhlanganisa na Madagascar na swihlala leswi tsongo.
Ntsengo wa malembe ya vaaka tiko ra Afrika, wukomba leswaku kuna vantshwa votala etikweni-nkulu leri kutlula amtiko-nkulu man'wana;[4][5] Malembe ya vukhale eka hafu ya vaaka tiko hilembe ra 2012 akuri 19.7, kasi ntsengo lowu awuri 30.4 loku kulangutiwa vanhu va misava hinkwayo.[6] Algeria hi rona tiku leri kulu eAfrika kuya hi kuanama, kasi Nayjeriya hiyona yingana vaaka tiko votal kutlula matiko man'wana ya Afrika. Tiko-nkulu leri ra Afrika, ngopfungopfu Nkava ya Afrika, hiyona leyi ku pfumeriwaka leswaku vanhu vu tumbuluke ku suka kona, naswona ku kumeke marhambu yotala ya vanhu vakhale endzhawini leyi, lama tikombaka mari na malembe ya kwalomu ka 200,000 hivukhale,[7] Afrika yi tsemiwa hi ntila wa equator naswona tiko-nkulu leri ri hlanganisa tinguva hinkwato kusukela e dzongeni kuya a n'walungu.[8]
Afrika yina switikwana swo tala, mindzhavuko na tindzimi to tala. Eka nguva ya vukolonyi matiko ya Yuropa ma kwetlembetanile mahlurisana ku phanga na kufuma kwalomu ka matiko hinkwawo ya Afrika. Afrika rina tindzhawu, ti ikhonomi, vuxaka bya matimu na swiyimso swa tihulumendhe swo hambana hambana. Hambiswiritano, matiko yo tala ya Afrika wa manguva lawa maha tinyanga ma fidzula ya vukolonyi bya lembe xidzana ra vu 20. Matiko ya Afrika ma ringete ku tirhisiana hi ku simeka Nhlangano wa matiko ya Afrika, leyi ngana ntsindza wa yona eAddis Ababa.
Mintshaho[Lulamisa | edit source]
- ↑ "World Population" - POPULATION REFERENCE BUREAU - (2016 WORLD POPULATION DATA SHEET)
- ↑ Sayre, April Pulley. (1999) Africa, Twenty-First Century Books. ISBN 0-7613-1367-2.
- ↑ "World Population Prospects: The 2006 Revision" United Nations (Department of Economic and Social Affairs, population division)
- ↑ Washington Post
- ↑ Harry, Njideka U. (11 September 2013). "African Youth, Innovation and the Changing Society". Huffington Post.
- ↑ ABDOULIE JANNEH (April 2012). "item,4 of the provisional agenda – General debate on national experience in population matters: adolescents and youth". UNITED NATIONS ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR AFRICA. Retrieved 15 December 2015.
- ↑ Homo sapiens: University of Utah News Release: 16 February 2005
- ↑ Visual Geography. "Africa. General info". Retrieved 24 November 2007.


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Vuqambhi
Vuqambhi i mpaluxo wa vuswikoti kumbe nyiko ya miehleketo yo tumbuluxa vu xongi. Vito art ritekiwa e ka Xilatini ars, leri hundzuluxeriwaka hiku kongoma kuri, "kuhleleka". vuqambhi byi twisisiwa kuri ku endla mintirho leyi lavaka vuswikoti bya munhu lebyi yeke hala ka mhlamuselo. Hambi lewsi vuqambhi byi hambanisiwaka na vuswikoti(craft) na vuti-olori(recreation), ndzelakano lowu wa byiharile. Viti vuqambhi-vuxongi(creative arts) i nhlengeleto wa vuleteri byo yelana na leswi endleriweke ku tsakisa va hlaleri kumbe vayingiseri leswaku va anakanyisisa haswona. Hikwalaho vuqambi byi hlanganisa swilo leswi tsariwaka(Swithopo Vutsari na Vuthlokovetseri); leswi tlangiwaka (Kucina, Mintlango, na Vuyimbeleri); Leswi hlaleriwaka(mpfapfarhuto ,Vuvatli, Ku teka swinepe, Vufanisi); kuya eka vuswikoti lebyi tirhisiwaka siku na siku ku hlanganisa na Vuaki byo sasekisa na ku rhunga swi ambalo. Vuqambhi bya ha ye lana nakambe na kunyikiwa, Vuxongi na ku pfuxa switwi(emotions).


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Amerikha ya le Dzongeni
Amerikha ya le Dzongeni i tiko-nkulu leri kumekaka eka halufu ya misava ya vupela dyambu bya le dzongeni. Naswona ringa vonaiwa tani hi tiko-nkulu ra switikwana swa Amerikha wa ririmi ra xilatina.[1][2] Matirhisele ya rito, tiko-nkulu ra Amerikha yale dzongeni, masungule ku andza kutlula rito, "matiko ya Amarikha wa xilatina", naswona leswi swi endliwe hi nhluvuko wa tiko ra Brazil.[3]
Tiko-nkulu leri ri angarheliwa evupela dyambu hi lwandle ra Phasifiki na lwandle ra Atlanthiki e n'walungu nale vuxeni; kasi e n'walungu ri angarheliwa hi tiko-nkulu ra Amerikha wa le N'walungu na Lwandle ra Kharibhiyeni. Tiko-nkulu leri rina matiko ya khume mbirhi.
Amerikha ya le Dzongeni yina ku anama ka kwalomu ka 17,840,000 wa ti Skwemitara. Ntsengo wa vaaka tiko va rona a wu kumbeteriwa kwalomu ka 371,090,000 hi lembe ra 2005. Tiko-nkulu leri ira vumune hi ku anama, (kulandzela Axiya, Afrika na Amerika wa le N'walungu) naswona i ravunthlanu hi ntalo wa vaaka tiko (Endzhaku ka Axiya, Afrika, Yuropa na Amerikha wa le N'walungu). Tiko ra Brazil hirona leri teleke vaaka tiko kutlula man'wana eka tiko-nkulu leri, rilandzeriwa hi Colombiya, Argentina, Venezuwela na Peru. Eka ma lembe lama hakuhundzaka, Brazil yi kote ku teka vurhangeri eka ta mabindzu na ikhonomi, eka tiko nkulu leri.
Mindzhavuko na mahanyele ya vaaka tiko varona masukela eka vanhu vosungula varona na minjhekanjhekisano leyiveke kona exikarhi ka vona na vakolonyi vale Yuropa, kuhlanganisa na mahlonga lama fikeke kusuka e Afrika. Hikwalaho ka malembe yotala ya mimfumo ya vukolonyi bya Yuropa, vaaka tiko va tiko-nkulu leri va vulavula xiphutukezi na xipanichi.
Mintshaho[Lulamisa | edit source]
- ↑ "South America". Encyclopædia Britannica.
- ↑ "Map And Details Of All 7 Continents". worldatlas.com. Retrieved September 2, 2016. "In some parts of the world students are taught that there are only six continents, as they combine North America and South America into one continent called the Americas."
- ↑ ""Unveiling the South American Balance" in Estudos Internacionais, 2(2): 215-232. | Luis L Schenoni". Academia.edu. 1970-01-01. Retrieved 2016-12-08.


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Spaniya
Spaniya (Spanish: España, IPA: [es'paɲa]) i tiko ra le dzongeni ka yuropa, laha ku vulavuriwaka Xipaniya. Tiko leri ri hlanganisa Xipaniya xa le ribuweni exikarhi ka Lwandle ra Atlantiki na ra Meditera, Swihlala-ntsongo swi mbirhi eka malwandle lama angarheke, kuhlanganisa na swi-mutana leswi tiyimeleke e Nwalungwini wa Afrika. Tiko ra Xipaniya ri le xikarhi ka Lwandle ra Meditera e dzongeni na vuxa, Lwandle ra Kantabrika enwalungu na lwandle ra Atlantika e vupela-dyambu. Xipaniya xihleriwe hi Phalamende ya xi demokrasi naswona itiko leri tifumaka. Xipaniya xile ka ntlawa wa Nhlangano wa matiko ya Yuropa ku sukela hi lembe ra 1986 naswona i tiko leri hluvukeke leri nga ra vunkaye hi kufuwa e misaveni hinkwayo, kasi riri ra vunthlanu e Yuropa. Xipaniya, Portugal na Andora i matiko lama vumbaka ribuwa-nkulu ra Iberiya, naswona ma hlanganisa vu anamo bya kwalomu ka 504,030 km², Hi rona tiko leri anameke ngopfu e vupela-dyambu bya Yuropa(kulandzela Furhwa).
Xipaniya xi hlakarherile e hansi ka mfumo wa rhoma Hispaniya, hikwalaho xi va ri nwana ra matiko ya nkoka e nkarhini wolowo. E minkarhini leyi landzeleke, Xipaniya ri fumiwile hi Jarimani, endhzaku ri ta fumiwa hi mufumi wa mu Islamu. Xipaniya ri hlaserile Furhwa hi 1793 loko mafurhwa ma dlayile hosi ya wona Luwi wa vu Khume-ntsevu, kambe ri hluriwa kufika laha ri kondleteleke kurhula na furhwa hi 1795.


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Wona kambe
A ZINENE xungetano hi yini? Xungetano hi ziwutiso zo kari za lisima nguvu lezi a vanhu va talako ku ti wutisa. Kuzilava wa tshuka u ti maha a ziwutiso zo kota lezi:
Xana u nga yi lava kwihi a mihlamulo ya ziwutiso lezi? Loku u woya lomu mabiblioteka kutani lomu a mabhuku ma xavisiwako kona, u wa ta kuma a makume ya mazana ya mabhuku lawa ma wulako lezaku ma na ni mihlamulo ya ziwutiso lezi. Hambulezo, zikhati zinyingi a mabhuku lawo ma kanetana. A manwani ma woneka ku khwatsi ma wula lisine ka xikhati xo kari, kanilezi a ma hlweli ku hunzelwa hambu ku chukwatiswa kutani ku valetwa hi manwani.
Kanilezi ku na ni bhuku go kari gi nga ni mihlamulo yo tsumbeka. I bhuku ga zinene. Na a maha mukhongelo ka Nungungulu, Jesu Kristu i te ngalo: “A mhaka ya wena zinene.” (Johani 17:17) Inyamutlha a Mhaka leyo yi tiveka kota Biblia go Basa. Ka maphajina ma lanzelako, u ta kuma a zikombiso zitsongwani za mihlamulo ya Biblia yi nga laha kubaseni ni ya lisine ya ziwutiso lezi zi nga laha hehla.
LEZI ZI VUXAKO A XIWUTISO LEXI: Hi hanya tikweni gi teleko hi tihanyi ni kubiha kunwani. A wukhongeli go tala gi gonzisa lezaku a kuxaniseka loku hi yimisanako nako kuranza ka Nungungulu.
LEZI A BIBLIA GI ZI GONZISAKO: Nungungulu cima a nga vangi zilo zo biha. A bhuku ga Joba 34:10 gi ngalo: “A kubiha ku le kule na Nungungulu, Ni kugoha a ku kona ka Nyamintamu.” Nungungulu i na ni kungo ga liranzo xungetano hi vanhu. Hi kota ya lezo, Jesu i hi gonzisile a ku khongela: “Dadani wa hina wa le tilweni . . . A wute mufumo wa wena. Kuranza ka wena a ku mahiwe misaveni, kota lezi ku mahiwako le tilweni.” (Mateu 6:9, 10) Nungungulu wa hi khatalela nguvu laha ka kuza a ti karata a maha malulamiselo wontlhe kasi a kungo gakwe gi fela ku tatiseka.—Johani 3:16.
Wona kambe Genesisi 1:26-28; Jakobe 1:13; na 1 Pedro 5:6, 7.
LEZI ZI VUXAKO A XIWUTISO LEXI: A tiyimpi ti simama ku daya vanhu va tsanza-vahlayi. Hontlheni ha khumbiwa hi kuxaniseka ka vanhu.
LEZI A BIBLIA GI ZI GONZISAKO: Nungungulu i hi byela na ka ha hi mahlweni xungetano hi xikhati lexi a ta nga yimisa kurula misaveni yontlhe. Mufunweni wakwe, ku nga wukosi ga le tilweni, a vanhu va nga ta ha “gonza kambe kulwa.” Wutshanwini ga lezo, va ta “tlomba tisupado tabye ti maha zikomu.” (Isaya 2:4) Nungungulu i ta mbheta kontlhe a kubiha ni kuxaniseka. A Biblia ga tsumbisa: “[Nungungulu] i ta kulula mihloti yontlhe mahlweni yabye. Ku nga ha ta va kona kufa, hambu ni hlomulo, kutani kurila ni kubayisa; hakuva a zilo zo sangula [zo patsa kubiha ni kuxaniseka ka nyamutlha] zi hunzile.”—Kuvululelwa 21:3, 4.
Wona kambe Tisimu 37:10, 11; 46:9; na Mika 4:1-4.
LEZI ZI VUXAKO A XIWUTISO LEXI: A kutala ka wukhongeli ga tiko gi gonzisa lezaku ku na ni nchumu wo kari lomu nzeni ka munhu lowu wu simamako wu hanya anzhako ka kufa. A vanwani va kholwa lezaku a vafileko va zi kota ku maha kubiha ka vahanyako kutani ku Nungungulu i tsayisa a vanhu vo biha hi ku va yisa ka xanisa ya pinzukelwa ya kuswa tilweni.
LEZI A BIBLIA GI ZI GONZISAKO: Loku munhu a file, a nga ha hi kona. A bhuku ga Mutshawuteli 9:5 gi ngalo: “A vafileko a va tivi nchumu.” Kota lezi a vafileko va nga zi kotiko ku tiva kutani kuzwa nchumu, vona a va zi koti ku mahela kubiha—kutani ku vuna—a vahanyako.—Tisimu 146:3, 4.
Wona kambe Genesisi 3:19 ni Mutshawuteli 9:6, 10.
LEZI ZI VUXAKO A XIWUTISO LEXI: Hi lava ku hanya, niku hi lava ku ti buza hi wutomi zinwe ni vanhu lava hi va ranzako. Za ntumbuluko a kuva hi xuva nguvu a ku wona kambe a varanzekako va hina va fileko.
LEZI A BIBLIA GI ZI GONZISAKO: A kutala ka vanhu lava va fileko va ta vuxiwa. Jesu i tsumbisile lezaku lava “va nga le zilahleni va ta . . . huma.” (Johani 5:28, 29) Hi kuyelana ni kungo go sangula ga Nungungulu, lava va ta nga vuxiwa kota vanhu va nyama va tava ni lungelo ga ku hanya paradiseni laha misaveni. (Luka 23:43) A wumanziko legi gi tsumbisilweko gi patsa a lihanyo lo mbhelela ni wutomi ga pinzukelwa ka vanhu va ingisako. A Biblia gi ngalo: “A valulamileko va taga tshomba ya tiko, va aka ka gona kala kupinzuka.”—Tisimu 37:29.
Wona kambe Joba 14:14, 15; Luka 7:11-17; ni Mitiro 24:15.
LEZI ZI VUXAKO A XIWUTISO LEXI: A vanhu va wukhongeli go tala va maha mikhongelo. Hambulezo, vanyingi va alakanya lezaku a mikhongelo yabye a yi hlamuliwi.
LEZI A BIBLIA GI ZI GONZISAKO: Jesu i hi gonzisile lezaku hi fanele ku potsa ku phindaphinda a magezu ya manwe mikhongelweni ya hina. I te ngalo: “Mu nga byabyatsi hava kukhongeleni ka nwina.” (Mateu 6:7) Loku hi lava lezaku Nungungulu a ingisa mikhongelo ya hina, hi fanele ku khongela hi ndlela yi amukelekako ka yena. Kasi ku maha lezo, hi fanele ku gonza lezi zi nga kuranza ka Nungungulu hi tlhela hi khongela hi kuyelana nazo. A bhuku ga Johani wo ranga 5:14 ga tlhamusela: “[Nungungulu] i ta hizwa loku hi kombela nchumu lowu wu yelanako ni kuranza kakwe.”
Wona kambe Tisimu 65:2; Johani 14:6, 14; na 1 Johani 3:22.
LEZI ZI VUXAKO A XIWUTISO LEXI: A vanhu vo tala va kholwa lezaku a mali, ndhuma, kutani kusaseka zi ta va maha va kuma litsako. Hikwalaho, va ti karatela ku kuma zilo lezo—kanilezi hi kugumesa va pola lezaku va tsanzekile ku kuma litsako.
LEZI A BIBLIA GI ZI GONZISAKO: Jesu i kombile ndlela yo kuma litsako a xikhati lexi a ngaku ngalo: ‘Va katekile lava va khatalako hi xilaveko xabye xa moya.’ (Mateu 5:3, Tradução do Novo Mundo) Ha zi kota ku kuma litsako la lisine ntsena loku hi khatalela ku eneta a xilaveko xa hina xa hombe ka zontlhe—ku nga kuxuva ka hina ka ku tiva Nungungulu ni kungo gakwe ka hina. A zinene lezo zi kumeka lomu ka Biblia. A ku tiva a zinene lezo za zi kota ku hi vuna a ku pola lezi hakunene zi nga za lisima ni lezi zi nga hiko za lisima. A ku vumelela a zinene za Biblia lezaku zi rangela a ziboho ni zimaho za hina zi yisa ka wutomi gi nyawulako nguvu.—Luka 11:28.
Wona kambe Mavingu 3:5, 6, 13-18 na 1 Timote 6:9, 10.
Lezi hi no kambisisa kutsongwani ntsena a mihlamulo ya Biblia ya ntlhanu wa ziwutiso ni xinwe. Xana wa ha lava ku tiva zinwani? Loku u hi xikari ka lava va ‘khatalako hi xilaveko xabye xa moya,’ handle ko kanakana wa ha zi lava. Kuzilava wa ha sele ni ziwutiso zinwani zo kota lezi: “Loku ku hi lezaku Nungungulu wa hi khatalela, hikuyini a vumelelako a kubiha ko tala ni kuxaniseka ka hombe lezaku zi simama matinwini wontlhe ya vanhu? Xana nzi nga gi chukwatisisa kuyini a wutomi ga ngango wa mina?’ A Biblia ga nyika mihlamulo yo enela ni yo tsakisa ya ziwutiso lezo ni ya zinwani za tsanza-vahlayi.
Hambulezo, a vanhu vo tala inyamutlha va kanakana ku kambisisa a Biblia. Va gi wona kota bhuku ga hombe nguvu legi zikhati zinwani zi karatako ku gi zwisisa. U wa ta tsakela ku vuniwa a ku kuma mihlamulo ya kona lomu ka Biblia? A Timboni ta Jehova ti nyika a xivuno hi tindlela timbiri.
Yo sangula, a bhuku Zini Lezi A Biblia Gi Zi Gonzisako Hakunene? gi mahelwe ku vuna a vanhu va khomekileko lezaku va kambisisa a mihlamulo ya Biblia ya laha kubaseni ya ziwutiso za lisima. A ndlela ya wumbiri i longoloko wa mahala wa xigonzo xa Biblia xa laha mutini. A munwe wa Timboni ta Jehova a hanyako kusuhani na wena, a zi tivako ku gonzisa Biblia wa zi kota kuta laha kaya ka wena kutani wutshanwini ginwani gi ringanako lezaku a ta kambisisa a Biblia na wena mahala hi xikhatanyana viki ni viki. A vanhu va timiliyoni misaveni yontlhe va vuneka hi longoloko lowo. A wunyingi ga vona va chikelele a magumo lawa yo tsakisa nguvu: “Nzi zi kumile a zinene!”
A ku na tshomba yinwani ya hombe yo hunza leyo. A zinene za Biblia zi hi tlhatlhisa ka kukholwa ka hava, kukanakana, ni kuchava ko hunza mpimo. Zi nyika kutsumba, xigelo xa kuhanya, ni litsako. Jesu i te ngalo: “Mu ta tiva zinene, ni zinene zi ta mu tlhatlhisa.”—Johani 8:32.


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The Tower of Babel (Genesis 11: 1-9)
XiTsonga / Tsonga
- Misava hinkwayo yi hambeta yi vulavula ririmi rin'we ni ku va ni ntlawa wun'we wa marito.
- Kuteloko va ye etlhelweni ra le vuxeni, va hetelela va kuma rivala etikweni ra Xinara, va tshama kona.
- Kutani va byelana, va ku: "Tanani! A hi bakeni switina hi swi hisa." Kutani va tirhisa switina ematshan'weni ya ribye, ni nhlaka ematshan'weni ya ndzhope.
- Kutani va ku: "Tanani! A hi tiakeleni muti ni xihondzo lexi nhlohlorhi ya xona yi nga ta fika ematilweni, naswona a hi tiendleleni vito ra ndhuma, hikuva hi nga tshuka hi hangalasiwa ehenhla ka vuandlalo bya misava hinkwayo."
- Kutani Yehovha a rhelela ku ya vona muti ni xihondzo lexi vana va vanhu va xi akeke.
- Endzhaku ka sweswo Yehovha a ku: "Waswivo! I vanhu van'we naswona hinkwavo va vulavula ririmi rin'we, kutani va sungula ku endla leswi. Phela, sweswi ku hava lexi nga va tsandzaka loko vo anakanya ku xi endla.
- Tana sweswi! A hi rhelele hi fika hi pfilunganya ririmi ra vona leswaku va nga twisisani loko va vulavula."
- Ku suka kwalaho Yehovha a va hangalasela ehenhla ka vuandlalo bya misava hinkwayo, kutani hakatsongotsongo va tshika ku aka muti.
- Hi yona mhaka leyi wu thyiweke vito ra Babele, hikuva Yehovha u pfilunganye kwalaho ririmi ra misava hikwayo, naswona ku suka kwalaho Yehovha u va hangalasele ehenhla ka vuandlalo bya misava hinkwayo.
From: Vuhundzuluxeri Bya Misava Leyintshwa Bya Matsalwa Yo Kwetsima
Tower of Babel in Niger-Congo languages
Akan (Twi/Fante),
Bemba,
Chichewa,
Efik,
Ewe,
Fula(ni),
Igbo,
Kinyarwanda,
Kirundi,
Lingala,
Ndebele,
Northern Sotho,
Shona,
Southern Sotho,
Swahili,
Tsonga,
Tswana,
Wolof,
Xhosa,
Yoruba,
Zulu
Tower of Babel in other languages
Learn Chinese Characters with the Omniglot Chinese app


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Xitsonga
Xitsonga (Tsonga, Thonga, Tonga, Gwamba, Shangaan, Shangana) - i ririmi leri vulavulavuriwaka e dzongeni wa tiko ra Mozambique, e n´walungwini na vuxeni bya tiko ra Afrika-Dzonga, e Swazini xikan´we na le ka xiphemu xin´wani xa tiko ra Zimbabwe.
[Lulamisa] Kufanisa ka tindzimi
Xitsonga iririmi leri fanisiwaka e hansi ka rhavi ra tindzimi ta Bantu leti vulavuriwaka kusukela e Niger-Congo. Matsonga ma vitiwa machangana minkarhi yo tala. Matsonga yo tala ma ake e Xifundzheni xa Limpopo e Afrika Dzonga.
[Lulamisa] Kuhangalaka ka vanhu hi mbangu
Xitsonga xi vulavuriwa hi kwalomu ka 1,646,000 wa vanhu e swifundzeni swa Limpopo; Joni na Mpumalanga e Afrika Dzonga, kuhlanganisa na kwalomu ka 1.5 wa timiliyoni ta vanhu e Mozambhiki, na 19,000 wa vanhu e Swaziland. Ku ni 100,000 wa vanhu lava va vulavulaka xitsonga (kumbe rinwe ra marhavi ya kona) e Zimbabwe.
[Lulamisa] Xiyimo-mfumo
Xitsonga i rinwana ra tindzimi-mfumo ta Afrika Dzonga.
[Lulamisa] Marhavi ya ririmi/Tinxaka ta Ririmi leri
Marhavi ya ririmi ra Xitsonga ma vulavuriwa kuya fikela e nwalungwini wa nambu wa Risavi e Zimbabwe ku hlanganisa na kuya fika e Dzongeni ra KwaZulu/Natal. Hambi leswi marhavi lawa ma twisisanaka, kuni kuhambana loku twalaka hi kuya hi vumbangu na nhlohlotelo wa vu kolonyi. Xitsonga xi ni maxaka ya le kusuhi ngopfu lawa kunga: Xirhonga, lexi vulavuriwaka e Maputo, Mozambhiki, na Xitswa, lexi vulavuriwaka e Nyembane na Xihlengwe lexi kumekaka ku ya e Zimbabwe.
Marhavi lawa ma hambana hi mavulavulele. Hixikombiso, E ka Xitsonga xa le Afrika Dzonga u nga ku Xikwembu. E Zimbabwe vaku Chikwembu.
Marhavi lawa hinkwawo ma kume nhlohlotelo lowu nga ringaniki wa ririmi ra xiZulu naswona, e Zimbabwe, hi ririmi ra xiNdevele. Leswi swi hoxe marito lawa ayanga rikona eka xitsonga xa khale.
Swikombiso swa marito lama lombiweke: ngqondo, gqoka, rincingo, qamba, Mugqivela... naswinwana.


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by Ash4You on Sat Nov 12, 2005 6:56 pm
HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI *Cutest Jewel* HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI
These symbols of our love
Are here to stay
Even after you and I are gone
Let’s live a hundred lives
In a single moment of love
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