text:
Gaborone
Gaborone,ke leina le le gatisitsweng kana le le biditsweng go reelela toropo ka Kgosi Gaborone. Gaborone ke toropo kgolo mo Botswana, e na le palo ya batho ba le 231,626. Dipalo tse di gatisitswe ka ngwaga wa 2011 go ya ka dipatlisiso tsa ba palo batho,[9] se e le sesupo sa gore 10% ya Botswana jotlhe ka bophara e kwa Gaborone.
Toropo ya Gaborone e agetswe fa gare ga thaba ya Kgale le Oodi, fa nokeng ya Notwane, mo borwabotlhaba jwa Botswana, gape e gaufi le molelwane wa Aforika borwa.[10] Toropo e e, nale lebala la difofane la Sir Seretse Khama kwa difofane di gorogelang teng. Ke kgaolo ya bodiredi le boeteledipele ka bo yone, gape ke motsemogolo wa kgaolo ya metse e e mo borwabotlhaba.[11] Banni ba Botswana ba bitsa toropo e ba re Gabs kana GC fa ba e boka .[12]
Gaborone o ne a agiwa go nna motsemogolo ka ngwaga wa 1960 fa lefatshe la Bechuanaland Protectorate le tsaya puso, fa e nna lefatshe le le ikemetseng ka nosi. Mo gare ga toropo e go na le madirelo a dikgwebo, marekisetso, le mafelo a ga goromente a agilweng kwa bophirima jwa marekisetso . Toropo e ke nngwe ya ditoropo tse di golang mo lefatsheng, se se bakile mathata a tlhaelo ya lefatshe le go ipaya mo go seng ka fa molaong. Toropo e e nale dikgotlhang tse di tsenang mo lefatsheng go tswa ko Zimbabwe le Aforika Borwa ka ngwaga wa 1980.
Gaborone ke motsemogolo gape ke toropo ya itsholelo; toropo ya bokopanelo jwa dikomponi le go fetola madi mo Botswana. Gaborone gape ke legae la Sethopha sa thabololo sa Aforika (SADC) komponi ya dichaba, ka tsholofelo ya go godisa itsholelo.
Ditso tsa Gaborone[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]
Bosupi bo supa gore go ne go na le banni ba ntlha fa lotshitshing la noka ya Notwane. Mo ditso tsa gompieno, Kgosi Gaborone o ne a tswa ko Magaliesberg go nna mo lefelong le ka 1880, a bo a bitsa lefelo le a re Moshaweng . Lefoko Gaborone ka thaloso le raya gore go lekana sentle ga go maswemaswe kana ga se gore ga le a siama .[13] Toropo e e ne ya bidiwa Gaberones ke banni ba ntlha ba ko Europa.[14] lefoko la Gaberones, le le adimilweng mo motseng wa Gaborone , o biditswe fa morago ga leina la [10]kgosi ya BaTlokwa[10] kgosi Gaborone, yo motse wa gagwe jaanong o bidiwang Tlokweng, o ne o le kakwa ga noka fa goneng go na le kago ya ga goromente ,leina la bokopanelo jwa ga goromente wa puso ya mmamosadinyana. Leina la go tshameka la, GC , le tswa mo leineng la kampa ya goromente .[12] Ka ngwaga wa 1890, Cecil John Rhodes o ne a tlhopha Gaberones go aga puso ya mmamosadinyana[15] lefelo le ke ko Rhodes a nea loga loano la Jameson Raid .[14] Toropo e ne ya fetola leina go tswa ko go Gaberones go Gaborone ka 1969.[16]
Ka ngwaga wa 1965 ,toropo kgolo ya Bechuanaland Protectorate e ne ya fuduga go tswa ko Mafikeng go tla ko Gaberones. Fa Botswana a tsaya puso motse wa Lobatse e ne e le one motse wa ntlha go tlhophiwa go nna motsemogolo wa lefatshe. Mme, Lobatse o ne o le monnye thata, gape go na le go dira jalo, motsemogolo o mosha o ne o ka agiwa gaufi le Gaberones.[12] Toropo e e ne ya thophiwa ka lobaka la yone la gonna le motswedi wa metsi a a phepha, gape gore e ne e bapile le seporo se se yang Pretoria, gape e ne e le magare ga mefare ya bogare, le lothoko la yone go amana le merafe e e neng e e dikologile.[10]
Toropo e e ne ya logelwa leano ka fa tlase ga ditsetlana tsa tshingwana tsa toropo le ditsela tse dintsi tsa batsaya ka dinao.[17] Kago ya toropo ya Gaborone e simolotse magare ga ngwaga wa 1964. Ka nako e toropo e ne e agiwa, modulasetilo wa lekaishane la Gaberones, Geoffrey Cornish, o ne a tshwantshanya dipopego tsa toropo jaaka galase, e na le diofisi tsa goromente mo bo gare jwa galase le madirelo a kgwebo mo mafelo a marekisetso, kago ya teng e tswa mo bogare.[18]
Bontsi jwa bontlha bongwe jwa toropo bo agilwe mo dingwageng tse tharo. Dikago tsa ntlha mo Gaborone di akaretsa palamente, diofisi tsa goromente, madirelo a leokwane, sepatela, dikolo, madirelo a seromamoa, megala ya thaeletsanyo, madirelo a sepodise, poso le a mangwe a fetang dikgolo..[19] Ka gonne toropo e ne e agiwa ka ka bo nako, go ne go na le baagi ba bantsi ba agile madulo e se ka fa molaong, mo toropong e ntsha ka fa madirelong a ko bothaba. Mafelo a a ne a bitswa Naledi. Naledi ka thaloso o rayaNaledi , mme gape leka raya ko tlase ga lewapi le le bolegileng kana motse o kgethegileng mo metseng e mengwe . Ka ngwaga wa 1971, ka ntateng ya go oketsega ga madulo e se ka fa molaong, khansele ya toropo ya Gaborone le bodiredi jwa goromente le mantlo ba ne ba sekaseka lefelo la Bontleng, le le neng la nna le mantlo a thwathwa e e ko tlase. Mme fela, Naledi a tswelela ka go gola, le lethoko la mantlo la oketsega go feta. Ka ngwaga wa 1973, koporase ya mntlo ya Botswana (BHC) ya aga Naledi yo mosha, ka kwa ga tsela go tswa mo "Naledi wa bogologolo". Banni ba Naledi o mogologolo ba fudugela ko Naledi yo mosha. Mme fela, lethoko la mantlo la gola gape; go feta mo banni ba ba fudugetseng ko Naledi yo mosha ba ne ba seka ba rata mantlo a teng. Mathata a a rarabololwa ka ngwaga wa 1975 fa Sir Seretse Khama, tautona ya Botswana, fetola Naledi g tswa mo mafelo a dikomponi go ya ko lefelo la matlo a thwathwa e eko tlase.[20]
Ka kgwedi ya lwetsi e le masome mararo ka ngwaga wa 1966, Bechuanaland e ene ya nna lefatshe la bo lesome le motso go ipusa go tswa mo pusong ya mmamosadinyana mo Aforika. Rra toropo wa ntlha wa Gaborone e ne ele moruti Derek Jones.[21] Gaberones wa bogologolo o ne wa nna toropo ya Gaborone o mosha, jaanong o itsege jaaka "Village".[12]
Mo bogareng jwa ngwaga wa 1980,lefatshe la Aforika borwa la tlhasela Botswana le bo le dira dithaselo mo Gaborone le melelwane e mengwe ya toropo(towns). Ditlhaselo tse di ne tsa dira gore batho ba le lesome le boraro ba latlhegelwe ke matshelo[22]
Morago ga ditlhopho tsa ngwaga wa 1994, dingongorego tsa tsoga mo Gaborone ke ntata ya letlhoko la ditiro le dikgang tse dingwe.[22]
Mo tsatsing la gompieno Gaborone o gola ka bonako. ka ngwaga wa 1964, Gaborone o ne a nale banni ba le 3,855;[23] dingwaga tse supa morago, toropo ya bo e na le banni ba le 18000.[24] Toropo e e ne e agetswe banni ba le 20,000, mme ka ngwaga wa 1992, toropo ke fa e nale batho ba le 138,000. Se se ne sa dira gore go nnele bo maipaya fela mo mafelong a a sa tlhabololwang.[25] Mmatoropo wa pele Veronica Lesole o ne a bua gore mathata a dithabololo tsa toropo ya Gaborone e bakilwe ke baagi ba toropo ba ntlha..[26]
Lefatshe[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]
Gaborone o agilwe 24°39′29″S 25°54′44″E / 24.65806°S 25.91222°E magare ga thaba ya Kgale le Oodi, mo nokeng ya Notwane mo borwabothaba jwa Botswana, le 15 km (9.3 mi) go tswa mo molelwaneng wa Aferika borwa[10] Gaborone o dikanyegilwe ke ditoropo tse di latelang: Ramotswa ko borwabothaba, Mogoditshanemo bokonibothaba, le Mochudi ko bothaba, le Tlokweng fa o kgabaganya noka. Bontsi jwa tsone ke ditoropo tsa batsamai ba Gaborone. Mafelo a Gaborone a akaretsa Broadhurst, Gaborone West, Village, Naledi,[10] le Canada yo mosha. Phakalane,toropo e e humileng, e ko bokoni jwa mafelelo a toropo.[27]
Mo bogare jwa toropo go na le mafelo a marekisetso, a madi le bojanala mo Gaborone. Mafelo s na le dibanka tse dintsi le marekisetso. Ko bothaba jwa madirelo a kgwebo, motho o ka fithela lefelo la Civic centre le setshwntsho sa pula go ikgakolola boipuso jwa Botswana. Mafelo a go fetola madi le dithotho, polokele ya ditsho le botaki/1}, le mmadikole wa Botswana le tsone di gaufi le madirelo a kgwebo. Ko bophirima jwa madirelo a kgwebo go na le dikago tsa goromente. Lefelo le le na le dikago tsa palamente le ntlo ya dikgosi. Le ntlo ya ditso ya sechaba e fithelwa fa.
Tsa loapi[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]
Gaborone ke lefelo le le mogote o o fagare. nako tse dintsi mo ngwageng Gaborone o letsatsi. Selemo thatathata se mogote. Masigo a tshiditsana. Thatathata, selemo se se na le pula e nnye se bothitho ga na le selemo se se nale pula e e tlwelesegileng. Fa go na le leuba, mogote mo ngwageng o nna ka ferikgong le thakole. Fa go na le dipula tse di tlwaelesegileng, mogote o montsi o nna ka kgwedi ya Phalane, pele ga dipula di simologa. Ka mariga, mo letsatsing go bothitho, fa bosigo go le tsididi.[29]
Go na le malatsi a le lesome le bosupa le bone mo ngwageng mo mogote o nnang ko godimo. 32 °C (90 °F). Go na le malatsi a le lekgolo le masome a boferabongwe le borataro mo ngwageng mo mogote o nnang ko godimo 26 °C (79 °F). Mo ngwageng go na le malatsi a le lesome le bothano a le ng gore mogote o ke tlase. 7 °C (45 °F). Mo ngwageng go na le letsatsi le le lengwe mo e leng gore seemo sa mogote se ko tlase 0 °C (32 °F).[30] Seemo sa monyo se golela ko godimo ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong le Thakole le ka 16 °C (61 °F) seemo se se ko tlase ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo2 °C (36 °F). Seemo sa monyo mo ngwageng ke10 °C (50 °F).[30]
Go na ga pula mo Gaborone go go diragale thata. Pula gantsi mo Gaborone e na ka selemo gare ga kgwedi ya Phalane le Moranang.[29] Go na le dipula tsa ditladi ka malatsi a masome mane mo ngwageng, bontsi jwa tsone di diragala ka dikgwedi tsa selemo, le malatsi a mane morago ga mmuane, go diragala thata ka mariga.[30] Gaboroneo amilwe ke merwalela ga nna ga raro, fa go lebeletswe dikgatiso tsa ngwaga wa 1995, le 2000, o mongwe ka 2001 e e bakileng, ditshenyo tse di didikadkike tsa madi, o mongwe o ne wa nna ka ngwaga wa 2006.[28]
Go koloba mo go ntsi go diragala ka Seetebosigo le bonnye ka lwetsi.[29]
Bothitho jo bontsi jwa selekanyo se se magare ga lesome le bone bo nna ka Seetebosigo le masome mabedi le borataro ka Morule.[29]
Go diphefo go tswa ka kgwedi ya Phatwe go ya ko ya Ngwanatsele ka, go bo go didimala go tswa ka Motsheganong go ya ko kgwedi ya Phukwi ka 8 kilometres per hour (5.0 mph). Selekanyo sa bonako jwa phefo mo ngwageng ke 12 kilometres per hour (7.5 mph).[30]
Dipalo tsa batho[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]
Palo ya batho ka dikgatiso tsa 2011 ke 231,626. Go na le banna ba le 92,859 le basadi ba le 98,917 mo toropong.[9] Go na le malwapa a le 58,476 mo Gaborone.[31] Toropo ya Gaborone ke motse wa selekanyo se se lesome sa palo ya batho mo Botswana.[9][22] Sephato sa batho ba Botswana ba nna mo 100 kilometres (62 mi) Gaborone.[32]
Kgolo ya palo ya batho mo Gaborone ke selekanyo se se 3.4%, se se difetang tsotlhe mo Botswana. Se se ka diragala ka gore toropo e na le dithabololo tsa dikago, se se dirang gore e ratege..[33] Gaborone ke enngwe ya ditoropo tse di golang mo lefatsheng ka bophara.[10] Kgolo e e dirwa ke go fuduga ga batho go tswa mo lefatshebg lotlhe.[34]
Selekanyo sa bong sa Gaborone ke 97.6, se se raya gore go na le borre ba le 976 fa go tshwantshangwa le bomme ba le 1,000 .[33] Manyalo a le mantsi mo Botswana a kwadisiwa mo Gaborone, mo manyalong otlhe a Botswana a le selekanyo se se lesome le bothano a kwadisitse mo Gaborone ka 2007.[35] Ka dipalo go na le batho ba le bararo mo lwapwng lengwe le lengwe mo Gaborone. Se ke palo e nnye fa go tshwantsha ngwa le tse dingwe mo Botswana.[9]
Dipalo di supa gore bontlha bongwe jwa botho ba ba nna mo Gaborone, ba selekanyo se se masome mararo le boferabobedi ba tshela ka mogare wa HIV-palo e tona mo lefatsheng ka bophara. Palo e tona thata mo batho ba ba dingwaga tse di magare ga lesome le bothano le masome mane le boferabonge ka selekanyo sa masome mane le bone.[17]
Bodumedi[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]
Ba sedumedi sa Roma mo Gaborone, ba ba ko tlase ga bo eteledipele jwa Roman ya ko Pretoria, ba teng mo toropong e. Phuthego e akaretsa sephato sa borwa sa Botswana, moruti wa phutego e ke Moruti Valantine Tsamma Seane, yo o filweng maemo ka ngwaga wa 2009 ka kgwedi ya Moranang a le masome mabedi le bothano. Moriti yo o fitileng e ne e le Boniface Tshosa Setlalekgosi. Go na le kereke ya roma e e bidiwang keresete ke kgosi.[36][37]
Go na le tempele ya Ba Hindu mo Gaborone, e bidiwa ntlo lehalahala ya Hindu , le ya gurudwara le tse dingwe tsa ma Islam.[38] Kago e simolotswe ka motsheganong ka ngwaga wa 2001 ko tempeleng ya Venkateswara mo Gaborone bophirima e agelwa sechaba sa batho ba Telugu ke sethopha sa bopelothomigi sa Hindu[39] e bo e feleletswa ka kgwedi ya lwetsi ngwaga wa 2007. Moemedi wa India, le tautona Festus Mogae ba ne ba etelela tempele fa e sena go fediwa[40]
Muslim[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]
Ba tumedi ya Islam ke ba Arabea ba ba tlisitseng tumelo e mo Botswana mme ba tla ba gwetlha merafe ka go farologana le Batswana ba le mo teng go tsena kereke ya bone. Batho ba ba tsenang kereke e ba bidiwa jalo gotwe ma-Muslim kereke ya bone ke Mosque. Mo toropo kgolo Gaborone, tempele ya Muslim e bapile le sekolo se se golwane University of Botswana (UB)kana Mmadikolo jaaka ba le bantsi ba se bitsa. Go dimo ga moo, go diragatsa tumelo ya bone badumedi ba ya ko kerekeng Labotlhano mongwe le mongwe mme bana bone ba rulaganyeditswe go ithuta ka tumelo ya bone mo gare ga beke jaaka go tshwanetse. Go tlatsa se, tumedi e ya Islam e ruta ka Allah, yo e leng Modimo wa bone yo ba dumelang e le ene a tlhodileng legodimo, lefatshe, le sengwe le sengwe se se leng mo go lone. Go botlhokwa go itse gore batho ba tumelo e, ba rotloetsa bopelotlhomogi, go thusa ba ba dikobo dikhutshwane, le go direla ba bangwe molemo gore go nniwa ka kagiso le thokgamo.
Botaki le Ngwao[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]
Polokele ya ditso le botaki e bonwa ko bokonibothaba jwa madirelo a kgwebo mo tseleng ya Independence .[41] Polokelo e e butswe ka 1968 E na le dilo tse dintsi di akaretsa dilo tse dibetilweng le botaki jwa batswana. Ntlo ya polokelo e e nale ditshwantsho tsa ntlha tse di dirilweng ke Thomas Baines le Lucas Sithole. Ditiragalo di akaretsa Bataki mo Botswana , kgaisano ya botaki ya banana le Thapong International . Ko ntle ga polokelo go na le , mefuta ya dipalamo tse dintsi jaaka mogoma, selei, le dikoloi (diteraka). Go na le ditshupo tsa Basarwa, banni ba ntlha baborwa jwa Aferika.[42] Polokelo e e butse 3.6-hectare (9-acre)[43] tshingwana ya botanical e e bidiwang tshingwana ya sechaba ya Botanical ka kgwedi ya ngwanatsele a thola ga bedi ka ngwaga wa 2007.[44] Tshingwana e e agetswe go sireletsa dithare tsa Botswana tse di bothokwa, mme selekanyo se se masome a ferang bobedi a dithare tse di tsa mo Botswana.[43]
Ditiragalo tsa Maitisong di simolotse ka ngwaga wa was 1987 mme di tshwarwa ngwaga le ngwaga mo malatsing a le supa, mo bekeng ya bofelo ya mopitlo kana ya ntlha ya morananng. Mo malatsing a go tla bo ga na le bodiragatsi jaaka metshameko le go le belela metshameko mo mafelo a a farologaneng.[14]
“Kgaisanyo ya My African Dream” e tshwarwa ngwaga le ngwaga ko ntlo lehalahala la Gaborone. Kgaisano e e amogela dibini tsa kwaito le diopedi.[22]
Padi ya , The No. 1 Ladies' Detective Agency, e diretswe mo Gaborone. Buka e e kwadilwe ke Alexander McCall Smith. Buka e bua ka ga Precious Ramotswe, mosadi wa ntlha mo Botswana go nna mo thomamisi, le masaitseweng a a rarabololang.
Itsholelo[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]
Gaborone legare la itsholelo ya sechaba. Bokopanelo jwa madirelo a madi a bothokwa jaaka Banka ya Botswana, Banka ya Gaborone, BancABC, le madirelo a go fetola madi mo Botswana a fitlhelwa mo toropong ga mmogo le bokopanelo jwa difofane tsa Botswana, Batshireletso ya baji ba reki, dithaeletsanyo, le Debswana,bo kopanelo jwa go epa ditswa mmung jwa De Beers le goromente wa Botswana . Sethopha sa thabololo ya aferika (SADC) se na le bokopanelo jwa sone mo Gaborone; komponi e ne ya simololwa ka ngwaga wa 1980 go oketsa tomagano mo itsholelong, mo malokong a yone le go fokotsa go ikaega mo Aferika borwa.[10] Di koporase di le dintsi tsa mafatshe di beeleditse mo toropong: Hyundai, IBM, Daewoo, Volvo, Owens-Corning, le Siemens.[34] Orapa House, ke ya Debswana, ke ko diteemane tse ditsa go epiwa teng ko Debswana di kgaogangwang di bo di sekwasekwa boleng . Orapa House, e fithelwa ko makopanelong a tsela ya Khama Crescent le Nelson Mandela Drive,[41] e agilwe ka boleng jwa yone e le nosi, se se letelela letsatsi le le lekaneng go phatsima ka dithabaphefo gore ba kgone go kabakanya diteemane sentle.[45] Bokopano jwa Botswana jwa ditswa mmung bo tshwarwa ngwaga le ngwaga ko ntlong lehalhala ya Gaborone.
Go ya ka tshekatsheko ya thwathwa ya botshelo ya ga Mercer'ka ngwaga wa 2010 , Gaborone e na le palo e ko godimo ya makgolo mabedi le boraro highest ya dithwathwa tsa go tshelac ya batshabis mo lefatsheng ka bophara. Gaborone ke toropo ya boraro e e ko tlase mo dithwathweng tsa batsabi mo Aferika, mo godimo ga Addis Ababa, Ethiopia le Windhoek, Namibia e le ya makgolo mabedi le bothano. Karachi, Pakistan ke tsa bofelo mo lefatsheng ka makgolo mabedi le lesome le bone.[46]
Tsa metshameko[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]
Go na le mabala a metshameko a fithelwang mo mafelong a Gaborone Ke lobala la SSKB, mochudi, le lobala la sechaba la Botswana. Go na le dithopha tse dintsi tsa kgwele ya dinao tse di emetseng Gaborone. Dithopha tse ke BDF XI, Gaborone United,Notwane, Police XI le sa Uniao flamengo Santos; tse tsotlhe di tshameka mo metshaneko ya premir . Sethopha sa sechaba sa kgwele ya dinao se tshamakela mo lobaleng la sechaba, mme ga se ise tshameke mo dikgaisanong tsa kopi ya FIFA ka na ya Afrika.
Ba motshameko wa cricket, sethopha se se eteletseng pele motshameko wa criket mo Botswana, bo kopanelo jwa yone ke mo Gaborone.
Mabelo a Gaborone, mabelo a bobedi mo Botswana, a ne a tshwerwe ka ngwaga wa 2010 ka kgwedi ya Moranang e le lesome le boferabobedi . Ba ne ba simolola go taboga ko mabaleng Phakalane, toropo e e ko bokoni, ba bo ba feta ka Gaborone, ba bo ba feta ka di kago tsa palamente.[49]
Mafelo a tloso bojuto[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]
Letamo la Gaborone le bonwa mo borwa jwa Gaborone go bapa le tsela e yang Lobatse, gape le thusa Gaborone le Lobatse ka metsi. ke letamo le letona go difeta tsotlhe moBotswana, le kgona go tshwara metsi a selekanyo se se141,400,000 cubic metres (3.735×1010 US gal). Gape le simolotse go lemogiwa jaaka lefelo la go itlosa bojutu. Ko bofelo jwa letlamo le ko bokoni, go akangwa go dirwa lefelo la menate le le bidiwa bople jwa metsi Go na le mokgatho wa mekoro e bidiwang Gaborone yatch, le yone e ko bokoni jwa letamo le. Ko borwa jwa letamo le ke mokgatho sa Kalahari wa go tshwara dithapi le lefelo le lesha la sechaba lebidiwang City scapes . City scape e na le mafelo a go ntsha bodutu le mafelo a tshamekelo le didirisiwa tsa go dirsa mekoro[50] Letamo le le dirisiwa thata ke batho ba ba lebelelang dinonyane, ba ba shapi ba phefo.[14] Mme fela, ga go letelelwe go thapha mo letamo le ka ntateng ya dikwena le malwetsi.[45]
Lefelo la tshomarelo ya diphologolo la Gaborone, le ko ntle ga toropo mo tseleng ya limpopo. [41] Lefelo le le agilwe ka ngwaga wa 1988, jaanong le dirisiwa thata go na le a mangwe mo Botswana. Diphologolo tse o ka difitlhelang mo lefelong le di akaretsa, impala, kudu, bontshe,dikukama, dipitsa tsa naga, tholo,tshepe le bomathinthinyane[14] Lefelo le tlwaelesegile ka go lebelela dinonyane. fa go leng tshutlha teng mo lifelong le go na le dinonyane jaaka, ntsu, mmamoleane le koro.[14]
Thaba ya kgale e fithelwa mo dimetareng tse dimakgolo go tswa mo toropong. Thaba e e bitswa dimo kana mogaka yo o robetseng ga pe e1,287 metres (4,222 ft). Go na le tsela tsebe tse o ka didirisang go goroga k godimo ga thaba e, go bo go go tsaya oura tse pedi[14]
Lefelo la tshomarelo ya diphologolo ya Mokolodi, le agilwe ka ngwaga wa 1992[51] Le bonwa ko borwa jwa Gaborone.[14] Go na le mefuta e e farologaneng ya diphologolo tse di fithelwang mo lefelo le jaaka kolobe ya naga, tholo, kudu, pitse tsa naga, thuthwa, bontshe, kubu le tshukudu. Lefelo le thusa ka ditiro tsa diphologolo tsa naga mo Botswana jaaka: tshimologo ya go itsewe ga tshukudu e tshweu, phuduso ya mangau a a bakang mathata Mokolodi gape o na le lefelo la thuto, ko go rutelwang bana ka tshomarelo ya tikologo.[51]
Somarelang tikologo ke leloko la dikomponi tse e seng tsa goromente tsa tikologo ko lefelo la tloso bodutu mo Gaborone. Tsholofelo ya komponi e ke go rotloetsa, tshomarelo ya tikologo ka go ruta, bo diragatsi le go rotloetsa ditiro tse di siameng fa go dirwa lenaneo la tikologo, tshomarelo ya ditswa mmung le matlakala mo Botswana Lefelo le le butswe ka fa molaong ke tona wa tikologo, diphologolo le bojanala , Onkokame Pitso Mokaila ka ngwagq wa 2009 kgwedi ya thakole e le masome mabedi le bosupa. Lefelo le le na le botshamekelo jwa bana go tshameka le tsatsi lotlhe, tshingwana, lefelo la go dirasa gape, le lebenkele le maeti ba ka rekang dilo tse di dirilwe ka dilo tse dirisiwang gape.[52]
Goromente[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]
Gaborone o laolwa k eke khansele ya Gaborone. Khansele e e eteletswe pele ke mokwaledi wa toropo le mothusa mokwaledi. Toropo e laolwa kana e buswa ke rra kana mmatoropo, mothusa mma/rratoropo le dikomiti tse di tsamaisiwang ke makhanselara: komiti ya tsa madi; tsa botso jwa sechaba, matshelo a batho le komiti ya mantlo; komiti ya teseletso go rekisa;le komiti ya thuto. [34] Makhanselara a thopha rra/mmatoropo ba bob a ikaba ka maemo mo komiting ngwaga le ngwaga. [23] Khansele e na le ba bereki ba le 2,515.[34] Khansele ya toropo e kgalwa ke komiti ya boeteledipele jwa sechba ka dithopho tsa bone tsa sephiri le boeteledipele jo bo botlana.[23] Ka ngwaga wa 2010, khansele e ne ya nna le mathata a matlakala:Frenic, komponi ya matlakala e ya firilwe ke toropo, e ne ya isa toropo ya Gaborone fa pele ga mmakaseterata, ka phimolo dikeledi e e sa duelwang.[53] Se se ne sa dira gore matlakala a nne mantsi a sa tsewa.[54]
Gaborone ke lefelo la sepolotiki . Dikago tsa goromente tse dintsi di agilwe ko Bophirima jwa mafelo a kgwebo lefelo le le bidiwang lefelo la goromente. [41] Palamente ya Botswana, ntlo ya dikgosi, le motlobo wa sechaba, le lephata la botsogo. NFa kgorong ya palamente go na le sefikantswe tautona wa pele Sir seretse KHAMA, LE SEGOPOSO SA BATSWANA BA BA MAKGOLO MARARO BA NENG BA BOLAWA KA NGWAGA WA 1939 GO YA KO NGWAGENG WA 1945. [55] SEFIKANTSWE SE SENGWE SE A KGOLA MASOLOSE A BOTSWANA BA BA NE BA BOLAWA MO DINTWENG TSA RHODESIA.[13]
Pele ga ngwaga wa 1982, Gaborone one wa nna le boemedi ko palamenteng, setilo se le sengwe mo palamenteng mo Botswana. Go tswa ka ngwaga wa 1982 go ya ko ngwageng wa 1993, Botswna o ne wa kgaogangwa ka dikgaolo di le pedi, Gaborone bokone le Gaborone Borwa. Setilo sa boraro mo palamenteng sa neelwa maloko a a thophilweng toropo yotlhe ya Gaborone. Ka ngwaga wa 1993, ka ferikgong dikgaolo tse pedi tse disha tsa dirwa mo Gaborone: Gaborone bothaba le Gaborone Bophirima. Dithopho tsa goromente, dikgaolo tse nne di ne tsa kgaogangwa ka dikgotlana. Gaborone bokone o ne ale tse supa,Gaborone bophirima e na le di le supa. gaborone legare e na le borataro le Gaborone borwa a na le bothano[34] ka ngwaga wa 2002, toropo ya nna le mafelo a bophophelo a le mathano: Gaborone bokoni, Gaborone legare, gaborone le borwa, Gaborone bokon bophirima, le Gaborone borwa bophirima. [56]
Sekolo sa melawana ya mafatshe e ne ya simololwa ka ngwaga wa 2000 ka kgwedi ya Phukwi mo Gaborone . Sekolo se fa baokamedi ba ba fagare dithuthuntsho mo mafatsheng a SADC.[57]
Toropo e gape ke legae la baemedi ba mafatshe a sele le baemedi.
Thuto[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]
Go na le batho ba le bantsi ba na digarata mo dithutong mo Gaborone go nale mo mafelong a mangwe mo Botswana Palo e e masome masupa le boferabongwe ya dipalo tsa batho mo Gaborone ba na le dithutego tsa dikole tse digolwane.[9]
Toropo ya Gaborone e na le dikolo tse di potlana le tse dikgolwane, tsa ga goromente le eseng tsa goromente Tse di akaretsa sekolo sa Westwood se segolwane, Maru a pula, Sekolo sa Legae le se sebotlana sa Thornhill
Mmadikole[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]
Sekolo se se tona sa mmadikole mo Botswana(University of Botswana), se simolotswe ka ngwaga wa 1982, se mo bothaba jwa toropo e. [41] bo mmadikole ba bangwe ke Limkokwing,Botho e e mo Gaborone. Sekolo sa Botswana sa dipalo le madi(Botswana Accountancy College), se se amogelang batho ba ba dirang le tsa madi le botekiniki, sekolo sa botekiniki(technical colleges) sa botswana, Boitekanelo le sa temo thuo le tsone di teng mo Botswana mmadikole wa Botswana wa melao, e butswe ka ngwaga wa 2006, e na le dikago tsa yone mo Gaborone. [60] Mmadikole yo one wa nna le kaloso ya yone ya ntlha ka ngwaga wa 2010, dialogane tsa yone tsa ntlha.[61]
Ditlhaeletsanyo[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]
Go na le dipampiri tsa dikgang di le mmalwa tse di gatisitsw eng mo Gaborone. Di akaretsa Mmmegi, Botswana Gazette le The Voice.
Seromamowa sa Yarona se gasa mo Gaborone; letswao la sone mo Gaborone ke 106.6.Seromamowa se sengwe se senye mo Gaborone ke Gabz FM. [62]
Pele ga ngwaga wa 2000, banni ba Gaborone ba simolola go amogela dithaeletsanyo tsa sesupa ditshwantsho sa BOP TV, go tswa Mafikeng, se se neng se tsaya molelo ko thabeng ya Kgale. [62] Mo tsatsi la gompieno, dikoporase tsa thaelesanyo le ya sesupa ditshwantsho sa Botswana go naya Batswana ka dithaeletsanyo tse ba di thokang.
Dikago[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]
Gaborone ke nngwe ya ditoropo tse di golang that mo Aferica. Go gola ga Gaborone,thatathata mo bogare jwa toropo, mo go dirileng gore mafelo a masimo le one a simolole go nna bontlha bongwe jwa toropo Dijo di le dintsi mo Gabrone di tswa ko bokoni jwa toropo, le balemi ba bangwe ba palo potlana go tswa ko borwa jwa Gaborone.[63]
Toropo e ne e agelwa go nna lefelo la bodiragatsi kana pereko, ka dikago tse di agilwe ka didirisiwa tsa segompieno. Toropo e dikaganyegilwe ke dikago tse dinnye[64] Lefelo la kgwebo le santse le agiwa, lefatlo a re ke ya toropong o tla bo a raya gore o ya madirelong a kgwebo, ko dikagong tsa goromente di fithelwang teng. [64][65] Marekisetso a a matona, a na le boemelo jwa dikoloi, mafelo a thekisetso, o agilwe ka bophara go ya bothaba le bophirima, go na le dikago tsa goromente ko bophirima fa khansele ya Gaborone e le ko bothaba.
Marekisetso a Gaborone, ke logae la marekisetso a masha a Square, Tower, le diofisi tse disha tsa SADC, kgotla tshekelo, e e agetsweng go rarabolola mathata a dikgwebo le sefikantswe sa dikgosi tse tharo e bong khama wa boraro, Bathoen wa ntlha le Sebele wa ntlha, kgosi tse tharo tse, di ne tsa tsaya mosepele go ya Britain o mogolo, go ya go kopa gore Bechuanaland e kgaogangwe le Rhodesia wa ko borwa(yo eleng Zimbabwe jaanong) kana Cape Colony(yo e leng Aferika borwa jaanong). Difikantswe tse di ne tsa thomwa ka ngwaga wa 2005, kgwedi ya lwetsi e thola masome mabedi le boferabongwe.[66] Difikantswe tse di ne tsa thomwa ka ngwaga wa 2005, kgwedi ya lwetsi e thola masome mabedi le boferabongwe. Le fa difikantswe tse di supa ditso, go ne ga nna le dikgothang mabapi le go agiwa ga tsone, 12,000,000 (madi alekanang le di dikadike tsa Amerika tse supa, ka ngwedi ya Seetebosigo ngwaga wa 20101), le fa baagiwa ba tsone ba Korea bokoni ba bua malatsi a peo a a sa siamang. [67] Dikago tse dingwe tse di santse di agiwa ko marekisetsong ke kago ya Holiday inn, lefelo la go rekisa dijo, le mafelo a diofisi.[68]
Ditlamelo[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]
Toropo e tsaya metsi a yone ko sebolokelong se se dirilweng gotswa mo letamo la Gaborone, le le leng ko borwa jwa toropo,se se dirile gore kgolo e nne teng. [12] Toropo ya Gaborone e simologile e le toropo e e potlana, go ne go thkego gore go agiwe letamo la Gaborone go nosa batho metsi.[27]
Go tswa ka ngwaga wa 2007 go ya ko wa 2008,metsi a selekanyo se se 23,963,000 cubic metres (6.3304×109 US gal) a ne a rekisiwa mo Gaborone. Ba ga goromente ba ne ba reka metsi ka bontsi,{11,359,000 cubic metres (3.0007×109 US gal).metsi a selekanyo sa 8,564,000 cubic metres (2.262×109 US gal) a ne a rekelwa go dirisiwa mo ma lwapeng, fa a le 4,040,000 cubic metres (1.07×109 US gal) a ne a rekelwa go ddirisiwa ko marekisetsong. Ka ngwaga wa 2008, toropo ya Gaborone e ne ya dirisa metsi a selekanyo se se 25,657,363 kilolitres (6.777958×109 US gal) gape metsi metsi a neng a dirisiwa ke motho a le mongwe ka ngwaga e ne e le0.184 cubic metres (48.6 US gal), palo e e kotlase e sale ka 1999.[69]
Gaborone o na le dithwathwa tse di ntsi tsa metsi mo lefatsheng ka gore go na le dipalamo tse dintsi le tiriso ya metsi e ntsi. Madi a mantsi a a bakwa ke kgang ya gore metsi mangwe a a dirisiwang mo Gaborone a tsewa ko letamong la letsibogo.[69]
Selekanyo sa gos ireletsega ga metsi ko letamo la Gaborone ke 7.95 ka thakole ka ngwaga wa 2006. Bogale jwa letswai mo bolokelong e ke di grame tse lesome le bone litera e le nngwe ka kgwedi ya moranang ka 2001 le kgwedi ya phatwe ka 2006. Ka yone nako e , bogale jwa letswai la (CaCO3) e ne ele dikilograme litara e lengwe, mo Botswana go raya gore metsi a ga ntafadiwa. Ka nako e le nngwe selekanyo sa letswai la cloride le le 6.44, la fluoride le le 0.54 la potase le le 6.72 le la sodium le le 10.76.
Botsogo[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]
Setlhopha sa sefapano se sehibidu se simolotswe ka ngwaga wa 1968, bokopanelo jwa sone bo ko Gaborone. Sepatela sa Princess Marina ke sepatela se se tona mo Gaborone, se na le malao a balwetsi a le makgolo mathano. [70]
Setlhopha se se lwantshang kankere mo Botswana, ke komponi e e ikemetseng ka nosi e simolotswe e le komponi ya bo pelothomogi ka ngwaga wa 1998. Tshwaraganyo e eteletsepele mogo feng ditlamelo tse di leng teng go thibela kankere gape e rotloetsa mananeo, ditlamelo go thusa balwetsi ba kankere le go ba ema nokeng le go kgothatsa ba ba amegileng. Dikago tsa bokopanelo di ko tseleng ya Diletlhakoreng la, Extension 12, Gaborone.
Dipalamo[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]
Seporo se ntse se dira tiro e se agetsweng go e dira, e lomaganya toropo le mafelo a ko bokoni le borwa.[10] Seporo se ya ko toropong ya cape , harare le ko Bulawayo. Seporo se bonwa ko borwa jwa kago ya palamente bo bogare jwa toropo.[41] Seporo se se ema mo ditoropo tse di latelang:Ramatlabana ko mololwaneng wa Aferika borwa, lobatse,Gaborone, Palapye, Serule, Francistown,Ramokgwebana le Plumtree ko Zimbabwe. Se ne sa simolola go nna seporo sa di terena tsa dithotho ka Moranang a thola gangwe ka ngwaga wa 2009.[71]
lobala la difofane la Sir Seretse khama le ko bokoni jwa toropo gape le na le difofane tse di yang ko Johannesburg, Harare, Francistown le ko Maun le ditomagano tsa ko kasane le Livingstone.[72] Ke bokopanelo jwa Difofane tsa Botswana. Go simolola ka ngwaga wa 2010, komponi ya difofane tsa Botswana e na le difofane tse di yang ko mabaleng a Losaka ko losaka, Zambia le difofane tse di yang ko Lusaka di feta ka Kasane. komponi e e simolola go dira tsela e e tswang mo Gaborone go ya ko Luanda,Angola mo bokamosong.[73]
Ka ngwaga wa 2008 However, Gaborone has the most air passenger traffic, accounting for 51.6% of all passenger movement in Botswana. International passengers total 244,073 passengers while domestic air passenger movement comes up to 333,390 passenger.[74]
Gaborone e ne ya oka leitho la dithaelesanyo ka ngwaga wa 1999 ka kgwedi ya Phalane ka ntateng ya leso la ga Chris Phatswe. Phatswe e le mokgweetsi wa difofane tsa Air Botswana, yo ileng a ipolaya ka go diga sefofane sa gagwe ko lebaleng la Sir Seretse Khama. Pele ga leso la gagwe, Phatswe o ne a emisa go kgweetsa difofane ka gore o ne a sa itekanelo mo mmeleng. Gape , morago go ne ga lemogiwa gore o ne a nale bolwetsi jwa AIDS. Le fa a ise a bue sepe ka jone, dikgoreletsi go belaelwa gore di ka tswa di dirile gore a ipolaye. O ne a digela sefofane sa gagwe mo godimo ga difofane tse dingwe tse pedi. Se sene sa dira gore Air Botswana e wele tlase ka gore e ne ya sala ka sefofane se le sengwe morago ga tiragalo e. Airdisaster.com e na le ditshwantsho tsa tiragalo e.
Marogo mo Gaborone le mo tikologong a akaretsa jwa Trans Kalahari, Al le jwa Cairo-Cape. Go na le ditsela tse thano tse di tona mo Gaborone tse di akaretsang Lobatse,Kanye,Molepolole,Francistown e ya Mochudi le Tlokweng.[75]
Gaborone e na le madirelo mantsi a ikwadiso ya dikoloi.Go na le dikoloi tsa batho tse di 15,538, tsa selekanyo se se masome mane le borataro tsa dikoloi tsotlhe tse disha tse dikwadisitsweng mo Botswana ka ngwaga wa 2008 mo Gaborone,tse eleng gore tse 8,440 ka tse di pegang bapalami, tse 440 e le dibese, 204 e le dikuta le tse 181 e le diterekere. Palo e ne ya oketsega go tswa mo go 12,690 ya dikoloi tse di kwadisitsweng ka ngwaga wa 2007. Gaborone gape e na le palo e ntshi ya ikwadiso e e ntshafadiwang ka selekanyo sa 73,206 ka ngwaga wa 2008.[74]
Fa go akeretsa kgaolo ya Gaborone bophirima, gaborone e ne ya nna le dikotsi tsa dikoloi tse 9,415, le batho ba le masome masupa ba bane ba thokafala ka ngwaga wa 2008. Bontsi jwa go thulana ga dikoli ka ngwaga o, go tholana ga palo ya 3,146, e ne ele go thulana mo mathakoreng, fa tse 263 di ne di ama diphologolo. Toropo e gape e ya diraglelwa ke dikotsi tse di amang ba tsamai ka dinao ba le 679 ka ngwaga wa 2008; ba tsamai ka dinao ba le masome mabedi le bone ba ne ba thokafala. Palo e ntsi ya dikotsi tsa dikoloi tse di amileng batsamai ka dinao, dikotsi tsa tsela di diragetse magare ga nako ya bone le boratararo maitseboeng.[74]
Dipalomo tsa sechaba mo toropong e di a ikanyega, fa ditshwantshangwa le ditoropo tse ditona mo mafatsheng a Aferika. Kombi le ditaxi di dirisiwa mo ditselang tsa toropo fa dibese di dirisiwa go etela metse le ditoropo tse dingwe mo Botswana.[10]
Banni ba ba botlhokwa[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]
- Kgosi Gaborone, Kgosi ya Motswna yo toropo e reeletsweng ka leina la gagwe.
- Mpule Kwelelagobe, Mmabontle wa lefatshe le MmaBontle wa Botswna ka ngwaga wa 1999
- Sumaiyah Marope, Mma Botswana wa 2009
- Sethopha sa mmino wa setswana sa Matsieng, se se simologileng mo Botswna.
- Leleko la African National Congress,Thamsanga Mnyele.
- Leloko la sethopha sa sechaba sa kgwele ya dinao, Dirang Moloi
- Leloko la African congress, Vemon Nkadimeng yo one a bolawa ke mapodise a aparateite mo Gaborone.
- Motshamiki wa kgwele ya dinao, Dipsy Selolwane.
- Moruti wa Roma wa kgaolo ya Gaborone, Boniface Tshosa Setlalekgosi, e sa le ka ngwaga wa 1981.
- Motshamiki wa squash, Alister Walker
- Mothodi wa sekolo sa Maru-a-Pula,Deane Yates.
- Precious Ramotswe, lepodisi la maiterelo.
Ditoropo tse di tsalanang[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]
Gaborone o tshwantshangwa le toropo le kgaolo nngwe:
Polokelo[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]
Metswedi[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]
- ↑ Parsons, Neil (19 August 1999). "Botswana History Page 7: Geography". Botswana History Pages. Gaborone, Botswana: University of Botswana History Department. Retrieved 4 August 2009.
- ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Date_validation at line 940: attempt to index field 'inv_local_l' (a nil value).
- ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Date_validation at line 940: attempt to index field 'inv_local_l' (a nil value).
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
tag; no text was provided for refs named
BSYB
- ↑ "Gaborone, Botswana Page". Falling Rain Genomics, Inc.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
tag; no text was provided for refs named
2011Census
- ↑ timeanddate.com
- ↑ Botswana Telecommunications Authority (11 September 2009). Botswana (country code +267). National Numbering Plans. International Telecommunication Union. Archived from the original (DOC) on 27 December 2009. Retrieved 27 December 2009.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Central Statistics Office (2009-01). "BOTSWANA DEMOGRAPHIC SURVEY 2006" (PDF). Gaborone, Botswana. Retrieved 2010-07-03.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:
|date=(help)
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 10.7 10.8 10.9 Seth, Willie (2008). "Major urban centres". Botswana and Its People. Godfrey Mwakikagile. pp. 44–46. ISBN 9780981425870. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter
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|chapter-url=suggested) (help)
- ↑ Melao ya Botswana,lephata la selegae.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 Njeru, Purity (2009). "History of Gaborone". Nairobi, Kenya: The African Executive. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 "Travel Companion - Southern Botswana". Travel Companion. Botswana Tourism Board. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-05-31. Retrieved 2011-05-31.
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 14.6 14.7 Hardy, Paula; Firestone, Matthew D. (2007). "Gaborone". Botswana & Namibia. Lonely Planet. pp. 75–88. ISBN 9781741047608. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter
|chapterurl=ignored (
|chapter-url=suggested) (help)
- ↑ "African cities- Gaborone History". Gaborone.info. AfricanCities.net. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
- ↑ "Regions Given New Spelling". Spokane Daily Chronicle. Associated Press (Spokane, Washington, USA): p. 11. 1969-12-22. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=7bszAAAAIBAJ&sjid=IfgDAAAAIBAJ&dq=gaborone&pg=7329%2C1913552. Retrieved 2010-07-11.
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 Keiner, Marco; Zegras, Christopher; Schmid, Willy A. (2004). Keiner, Marco; Zegras, Christopher; Schmid, Willy A.; Salmerón, Diego (eds.). From understanding to action: sustainable urban development in medium-sized cities in Africa and Latin America. Springer. pp. 19, 63, 68, 93. ISBN 9781402028793. Retrieved 2009-08-06.
- ↑ Paine, David J. (1966-04-15). "Capital City Being Built On Virgin Soil". Eugene Register-Guard. Associated Press (Eugene, Oregon, USA): section D, p. 3. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=7uQQAAAAIBAJ&sjid=-OADAAAAIBAJ&dq=gaberones&pg=4458%2C3421646. Retrieved 2010-07-11. Tempolete:Dead link
- ↑ killion (2009-06-29). "The Unsustainable urban growth of Gaborone City, Botswana". Boidus: Blogs. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
- ↑ Van Nostrand, John Cornelius (1982). "Old Naledi: History of Settlement". Old Naledi, the village becomes a town: an outline of the Old Naledi Squatter Upgrading Project, Gaborone, Botswana. James Lorimer & Company. pp. 13–15. ISBN 9780888626509. Retrieved 2009-09-19.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter
|chapterurl=ignored (
|chapter-url=suggested) (help)
- ↑ Grant, Sandy (2009-06-18). Our Heritage. Vol. 26. Gaborone, Botswana: Mmegi Online. Retrieved 2009-08-06.
- ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 22.3 Cite error: Invalid
tag; no text was provided for refs named
botswana
- ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 23.3 Tempolete:Cite document
- ↑ 24.0 24.1 Central Statistics Office. "Table 1.6: Distribution of Population in Urban Settlements: 1971- 2001 Censuses". Gaborone, Botswana. Retrieved 2009-12-27.
- ↑ Carr, Michael (1997). "The form and future shape of the modem city". New patterns: process and change in human geography (2nd ed.). Nelson Thornes. p. 224. ISBN 9780174386810. Retrieved 2009-08-06.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter
|chapterurl=ignored (
|chapter-url=suggested) (help)
- ↑ "Garden City Concept is a thing of the past, says Richard Rogers". Boidus.co.bw. 2011-07-15. Retrieved 2011-10-09.
- ↑ 27.0 27.1 Phakalane Properties (2008). "Gaborone Information - Phakalane Properties, Botswana". Phakalane, Botswana. Retrieved 2011-05-24.Tempolete:Dead link
- ↑ 28.0 28.1 Central Statistics Office (2009-08). "NATURAL DISASTERS DIGEST 2008" (PDF). Gaborone, Botswana. Retrieved 2010-07-03.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:
|date=(help)
- ↑ 29.0 29.1 29.2 29.3 Bauer, Carl (2005). "Climate". Energy Efficiency and Energy Conservation in the Building Sector in Botswana (Gaborone, Botswana: Bauer Consult): pp. 6–13. http://www.bauerconsultbotswana.com/3_Climate.pdf. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
- ↑ 30.0 30.1 30.2 30.3 30.4 "Weatherbase: Historical Weather for Gaborone, Botswana". Weatherbase. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
- ↑ Central Statistics Office (2008-02-07) [2001]. "Table 1.1: Population by sex and census districts (1991 And 2001)". Gaborone, Botswana. Retrieved 2009-08-05.
- ↑ Jefferis, Keith; Pickering, Dawn; Bogolo (2010). "Botswana Country Overview 2010/11" (PDF). Botswana Resource Conference 2010. Capital Resources. Retrieved May 24, 2011.
- ↑ 33.0 33.1 Central Statistics Office (February 2005). "2001 POPULATION CENSUS ATLAS: BOTSWANA" (PDF). Gaborone, Botswana. Retrieved 2009-08-05.
- ↑ 34.0 34.1 34.2 34.3 34.4 Tempolete:Cite document
- ↑ A. N. Majelantle (2010). "MARRIAGE STATISTICS 2007". STATS BRIEF. Gaborone, Botswana: Central Statistics Office. p. 2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-07-04. Retrieved 2010-07-06.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help)
- ↑ Cheney, David M. (2009-05-10). "Gaborone (Diocese) [Catholic-Hierarchy]". Dioceses. www.Cathoic-Hierarchy.org. Retrieved 2009-08-06.
- ↑ Diocese of Gaborone, Botswana. Dioceses. Giga-Catholic Information. 2009-07-19. Retrieved 2009-08-06.
- ↑ High Level Committee On Indian Diaspora (2001-12-19). "Chapter 8 – Other Countries of Africa" (PDF). Report of the High Level Committee on the Indian Diaspora (PDF). Vol. 2. New Delhi. pp. 102–103. Retrieved 2009-08-06.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter
|chapterurl=ignored (
|chapter-url=suggested) (help)
- ↑ African abode for the Lord of the Seven Hills. Andhra Pradesh. Hyderabad: The Hindu. 2006-02-27. Retrieved 2009-08-06.
- ↑ Dinamalar.com _ Ulagatamilargal. Africa. Dina Malar. 2007-09-19. Archived from the original on 2008-02-11. Retrieved 2009-08-06.
- ↑ 41.0 41.1 41.2 41.3 41.4 41.5 Gaborone City map (Map). Botswana Maps. Botswana Tourism Board. 2001. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
- ↑ "Gabarone Holidays – a Visit to the Vibrant Cosmopolitan Capital". 2006-05-24. Retrieved 2009-08-05.
- ↑ 43.0 43.1 Botanic Gardens Conservation International. "National Botanical Garden". Retrieved 2009-09-19.
- ↑ "National Museum to Launch Botanical Garden". 2007-10-25. Retrieved 2011-05-31.
- ↑ 45.0 45.1 "African cities- Gaborone Culture". Gaborone.info. AfricanCities.net. Retrieved 2009-08-05.
- ↑ "Worldwide Cost of Living survey 2010 - City rankings". Cost of Living Survey. London: Mercer. 2010-06-29. Retrieved 2010-07-06.
- ↑ worldstadia.com. "Stadiums in Gaborone". Retrieved 2010-07-01.
- ↑ World Stadiums. "Stadiums in Botswana". Retrieved 2010-07-01.
- ↑ "Gaborone City Marathon". Retrieved 2010-08-04.
- ↑ Gabscity.com. "City – Gabscity.com all about Gaborone". Gaborone, Botswana. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
- ↑ 51.0 51.1 Mokolodi Nature Reserve. "Introduction". Mokolodi Nature Reserve. Archived from the original on 2008-03-12. Retrieved 2009-08-05.
- ↑ Somarelang Tikologo. "What is ST?". Somarelang Tikologo. Retrieved 2009-09-17.
- ↑ Mooketsi, Lekopanye (2010-03-03). "Frenic Company sues Gaborone City Council". Mmegi. Retrieved 2010-08-04.
- ↑ Ngwanaamotho, Maranyane (2010-04-09). "Gaborone City Council fails to collect garbage". Mmegi. Retrieved 2010-08-04.
- ↑ "Botswana Review 29th Edition". Botswana Review of Commerce and Industry. Gaborone, Botswana: B&T Directories (Pty) LTD. 29. 2010. Retrieved 2010-10-11.
- ↑ "Constituencies". Parliament of Botswana. Retrieved 2010-08-03.
- ↑ "History". ILEA Gaborone-Botswana. 2009-06-29. Retrieved 2011-05-24.
- ↑ "Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation – Missions Accredited to Botswana". 2009-04-17. Retrieved 2010-06-26.
- ↑ "Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation – International Organizations Based in Botswana". 2008-09-07. Retrieved 2010-06-26.
- ↑ "About Us". Gaborone Universal College of Law. Retrieved 2010-10-09.
- ↑ Mokgoabone, Kabo (2010-09-06). "Gaborone University College of Law holds 2010 graduation". Sunday Standard. http://www.sundaystandard.info/article.php?NewsID=8767&GroupID=1. Retrieved 2010-10-09.
- ↑ 62.0 62.1 Denbow, James Raymond; Thebe, Phenyo C. (2006). "Literature and Media". Culture and customs of Botswana. World: Africa. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 72–73. ISBN 9780313331787. Retrieved 2009-08-06.
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- ↑ Cavric, Branko I.; Mosha, Aloysius C. (2001). "Incorporating Urban Agriculture In Gaborone City Planning" (PDF). Urban Agriculture Magazine. RUAF Foundation. 4: 25–27. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
{{cite journal}}: External link in
(help); More than one of
|volume=
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|last1=specified (help); Unknown parameter
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- ↑ 64.0 64.1 "Gaborone: a capital city w/ a strange design". 2008-02-25. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
- ↑ Gabscity.com. "Home – Gabscity.com all about Gaborone". Gaborone, Botswana. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
- ↑ Staff Writer (2005-12-19). "The Highlights Of An Eventful Year". 49 (5). Gaborone, Botswana: Mmegi Online. Retrieved 2010-06-30.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires
|journal=(help)
- ↑ Keto Segwai (2006-07-28). "Three dikgosi in waiting". 23 (111). Gaborone, Botswana: Mmegi Online. Retrieved 2010-06-30.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires
|journal=(help)
- ↑ Benza, Brian (2008-08-11). Masa Towers To Cost P275 Million – Giachetti. Vol. 25. Gaborone, Botswana: Mmegi Online. Retrieved 2009-08-06.
- ↑ 69.0 69.1 Cite error: Invalid
tag; no text was provided for refs named
water
- ↑ Dithabololo tsa sepatlela sa Princess Marina-
- ↑ Malikongwa, Lewis (2009-02-27). Termination of Botswana Railways' Passenger Service. Botswana: Ministry of Works and Transport. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
- ↑ Domestic & international airline routes map (Map). Botswana Maps. Botswana Tourism Board. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
- ↑ "Gabs-Lusaka flight takes off". Mmegi. 2010-08-03. Retrieved 2010-08-04.
- ↑ 74.0 74.1 74.2 A. N. Majelantle (2009). "Botswana transport statistics - 2008". Botswana Transport Statistics. Gaborone, Botswana: Central Statistics Office. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-07-06. Retrieved 2010-07-06.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter
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- ↑ Road network map (Map). 1 : 6,000,000. Botswana Maps. Botswana Tourism Board. lower right inset. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
- ↑ "Burbank's Sister Cities". Burbank Sister City Organization. Retrieved 2010-07-22.
- ↑ Mooketsi, Lekopanye (2009-04-01). "Chinese firms to build massive industrial park". Mmegi. Retrieved 2010-08-03.
The last event was the signing ceremony for a twinning arrangement between Zhejiang Province and the Gaborone City Council.
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text:
Zeekoegat, Wismar, Tswereng, Tsidintsing, Tshewereng, Tshenyane, Thabanaseso, Strydkraal, Stopong, Steelpoort, Shubushubu, See More
Zeekoegat, Wismar, Tswereng, Tsidintsing, Tshewereng, Tshenyane, Thabanaseso, Strydkraal, Stopong, Steelpoort, Shubushubu, Shenyaneng, Shakung, Seteneng, Seokodibeng, Sentlhane, Selape, Sekhukhune, Sefeteng B, Rostok, Roka Mashabela, Prakteseer, Penge, Pelangwe, Ohrigstad, Myakela, Mphaaneng, Mosotsi, Moroke, Mooiplaas, Mooiklip, Monametsi, Mohlahlaneng, Mmutlane, Mawete, Matsi, Matshi, Masikwe, Mashung, Mashilabela, Mashabela B, Mashabela A, Maroteng, Maropeng, Manotwang, Manoge, Mangabane, Malomanye, Malokela, Malogeng, Malepeng, Makua, Makola, Mahlahlaneng, Mahlabaphooko, Magotwaneng, Maebeng, Mabotagale, Lesetse, Lekgwareng A, Lehlabile, Ledingwe, Kamapolaneng, Gaselepe, Garadingwana, Gankoana, Gamotene, Gammela, Gamampa, Ga Podele, Ga Phala, Ga Motshana, Ga Moraba A, Ga Mashukwane, Ga Malepe, Ga Makofane, Ga Maepa, Diphale, Burgersfort, Braamfontein, Bogalatladi, Alridge West and Aloe Ridge. Show less
You can also view the details of other regions of Greater Fetakgomo by clicking on the links below:

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text: Cape Town, 3 December 2010 Vol. 546 Kaapstad, Desember No. 33835 THE PRESIDENCY DIE PRESIDENSIE MOPRESIDENTE IHHOVISI LlKAMONGAMELI No. 1153 3 December Nr.1153 3 Desember No.1153 3 December Ino 1153 3 December 2010 2010 2010 2010 It is hereby notified that Hierby word bekend Go itsisiwi fa no gore Ngalokhu kwaziswa the President has gemaak dat die Presi· MoPresidente 0 sa en· ukuthi uMongameli assented to the follow· dent sy goedkeuring nwe Molao 0 0 latelang usewuvumile loMthetho ing Act, which is hereby geheg het aan die 00 phasalediwang kitso nosewuzoshicilelelwa published for general onderstaande Wet wat ya botlhe fano:- umphakathi:- information:- hierby ter algemene inligting gepubliseer word:- No. 9 of 2010: South Nr. 9 van 2010: Wet op No.9 wa 2010: Molao Ino 9 ka 2010: African Postbank Lim- die Suid-Afrikaanse wa Pusetso ya Kwad- Umthetho weNkam- ited Act, 2010 Posbank Beperk, 2010 iso ya Badueledi ba pani eyiBhanki yase- Semolao ba ba Rileng Posini, ka-2010 ba ba Tlhokafetseng, 2010


text: 36 Mo ngwageng wa bo14 wa ga Kgosi Hesekia, Senakeribe kgosi ya Asiria+ o ne a tlhasela metse yotlhe ya Juda e e sireletsegileng a bo a e gapa.+2 Go tswa foo, kgosi ya Asiria e ne ya roma Rabeshake*+ a na le mophato o mogolo wa masole ba tswa kwa Lakishe+ gore ba ye kwa go Kgosi Hesekia kwa Jerusalema. Ba ne ba ema fa moseleng o o tswang mo mogobeng o o kwa godimo,+ o o mo tseleng e kgolo e e yang kwa tshimong ya motlhatswi wa matsela.+3 Foo Eliakime+ morwa Hilekia, yo o neng a okametse ntlo ya kgosi,* Shebena+ mokwaledi le Joa morwa Asafe mokwadi wa ditiragalo ba ne ba ya kwa go ene.4 Ka jalo, Rabeshake o ne a ba raya a re: “Tsweetswee, rayang Hesekia lo re, ‘Seno ke se kgosi e kgolo, kgosi ya Asiria, e se buang: “Tota o ikantse eng?+5 Wena o a re, ‘Ke na le leano le maatla a go tlhabana,’ mme ao ke mafoko a a se nang mosola. O ikantse mang, go bo o ntlhanogela?+6 O ikantse go tshegediwa ke lotlhaka lono lo lo obegileng, e bong Egepeto, lo fa motho a ikaega ka lone, lo tla tsenang mo seatleng sa gagwe lo bo lo mo tlhaba. Eo ke yone tsela e Faro kgosi ya Egepeto a ntseng ka yone mo go botlhe ba ba mo ikanyang.+7 Mme fa lo ka nthaya lwa re, ‘Re ikantse Jehofa, Modimo wa rona,’ a ga se ene yo Hesekia a tlositseng mafelo a gagwe a a kwa godimo a a boitshepo le dibeso tsa gagwe,+ a ntse a raya Juda le Jerusalema a re, ‘Lo tshwanetse go ikoba fa pele ga sebeso seno’?”’+8 Jaanong, tsweetswee dira tumalano eno le morena wa me kgosi ya Asiria:+ Ke tla go naya dipitse di le 2 000 fa e le gore o tla bona bapalami ba ba lekaneng ba ba ka di palamang.9 O ka kgona jang go fenya tota le mmusi a le mongwe yo mmotlana mo batlhankeng ba morena wa me, fa e le gore o ikantse Egepeto ka ntlha ya dikara le ka ntlha ya masole a a tsamayang ka dipitse?10 A o akanya gore ke tlile go tlhasela lefatshe leno gore ke le senye kwantle ga ka taelo e e tswang kwa go Jehofa? Jehofa ke ene a ntheileng a re, ‘Tsamaya o ye go tlhasela lefatshe leo mme o le senye.’”11 Foo Eliakime le Shebena+ le Joa ba ne ba raya Rabeshake+ ba re: “Tsweetswee, bua le batlhanka ba gago ka puo ya Searamaika,*+ ka gonne re a se tlhaloganya; o se ka wa bua le rona ka puo ya Bajuda batho ba ba mo loboteng ba reeditse.”+12 Le fa go ntse jalo, Rabeshake o ne a re: “A o akanya gore morena wa me o nthomile fela kwa moreneng wa gago le kwa go wena gore ke bue mafoko ano? O nthomile le kwa banneng ba ba ntseng mo loboteng, ba ba tla jang mantle a bone ba bo ba nwa motlhapo* wa bone mmogo le lona.”13 Go tswa foo, Rabeshake o ne a ema mme a tlhaeletsa ka lentswe le le kwa godimo ka puo ya Bajuda+ a re: “Utlwang lefoko la kgosi e kgolo, kgosi ya Asiria.+14 Seno ke se kgosi e se buang, ‘Lo se ka lwa letla Hesekia a lo tsietsa, ka gonne a ka se kgone go lo golola.+15 Gape lo se ka lwa letla Hesekia a dira gore lo ikanye Jehofa+ ka go bua a re: “Ruri Jehofa o tla re golola, mme motse ono ga o kitla o tsenngwa mo seatleng sa kgosi ya Asiria.”16 Lo se ka lwa reetsa Hesekia, ka gonne seno ke se kgosi ya Asiria e se buang: “Dirang kagiso le nna mme lo ineele,* mme mongwe le mongwe wa lona o tla ja mo setlhareng sa gagwe sa morara le mo setlhareng sa gagwe sa mofeige e bile o tla nwa metsi a khuti ya gagwe ya go bolokela metsi,*17 go fitlha ke tla ke bo ke lo isa kwa lefatsheng le le tshwanang le lefatshe la lona,+ lefatshe la dijo tsa ditlhaka le beine e ntšha, lefatshe la senkgwe le masimo a morara.18 Lo se ka lwa letla Hesekia a lo tsietsa ka go lo raya a re, ‘Jehofa o tla re golola.’ A go na le medimo epe ya ditšhaba e e kileng ya golola lefatshe la yone mo seatleng sa kgosi ya Asiria?+19 E kae medimo ya Hamathe le Arepade?+ E kae medimo ya Sefarefaime?+ A e kgonne go golola Samarea mo seatleng sa me?+20 Ke modimo ofe mo medimong yotlhe ya mafatshe ano o o golotseng lefatshe la one mo seatleng sa me, mo Jehofa a ka gololang Jerusalema mo seatleng sa me?”’”+21 Le fa go ntse jalo, ba ne ba didimala mme ba se ka ba mo araba, ka gonne kgosi e ne e laetse jaana: “Lo se ka lwa mo araba.”+22 Mme Eliakime morwa Hilekia, yo o neng a okametse ntlo ya kgosi,* le Shebena+ mokwaledi le Joa morwa Asafe mokwadi wa ditiragalo, ba ne ba boela kwa go Hesekia ba gagogantse diaparo tsa bone mme ba mmolelela mafoko a ga Rabeshake.


text:
Nna Le Wena Podcasts
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Tsamaiso ya phitlho ya Rre ka mokgwa wa setso le Ngaka Sello Mothupi
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Kgomotso Sepeng o tlotla le Lindiwe Modise ka botshelo jwa ga Sam Mbatha wa ko Klipgat le gore jaaka lelapa ba akanya gore ke eng se se tlhotlholeditseng polao yaga Sam.
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Ke itshwarela jang motho yo o kgokgontshang le Julia Mathebethe - clinical Psychologist
2021-07-20 20:27:00
Re gopola motsogapele Vusamazulu Credo Mutwa le Dr Otsile Ntsoane ke Mmatlisisi mogolo gotswa kwa North West University


text:
Tswana Luke 2:1-20
Jaana e rile mo metlheng eo ga tswa taolo kwa o Kaesare Aguseto, gore lefatshe lotlhe le kwalwe. Go kwalwa mo ga ntlha, ke mo go dirilweng ka Kuirinio a le molaodi wa Siria. Mme botlhe ba ya go kwalwa, mongwe le mongwe a ya kwa motseng wa ga gabo. Josefe le ene a tlhatloga kwa Galilea, a tswa motseng wa Nasaretha, a ya kwa Jutea kwa motseng wa ga Dafite, o o bidiwang Bethelehema; ka a le wa kgotla le wa losika lwa ga Dafite; a ya go kwalwa le Maria, mosadi yo o mmeeleditseng, a bile a le moimana. Ga dirala ya re ba sa le gone, a fitlha malatsi a o tlaa belegang ka one. Mme a bona ngwana wa mosimane wa ntlha wa gagwe, mme a mo phuthela ka matsela, a mmaya mo bojelong jwa dipitse; gonne go ne go se na bonno mo ntlong ya baeti. Jaana ga bo go le badisa mo nageng, mo lefatsheng leo, ba disitse letsomane la bone bosigo. Mme moengele wa Morena a ema fa go bone, le kgalalelo ya Morena ya phatsima ntlheng tsotlhe tsa bone; mme ba boifa ka poifo e kgolo. Moengele a ba raya a re: "Se boifeng, gonne bonang, ke lo lereditse mafoko a a molemo, a boitumelo jo bogolo, jo bo tlaa dirafalelang batho botlhe. Gonne gompieno mo motseng wa ga Dafite lo tsaletswe Mmoloki, yo e leng Keresete Morena. Mme se, e tlaa nna sesupo mo go lona; lo tlaa fitlhela ngwanyana a phuthetswe ka matsela, a letse mo bojelong jwa dipitse." Mme baa tshogana ka moengele a bile a na le bontsintsi jwa lesomosomo la legodimo, ba baka Modimo ba re: "Kgalalelo e nne go Modimo kwa bogodimodimong, le kagiso e nne mo lefatsheng, mo batho ba o kgatlhegang thata mo go bone." Ga dirala e rile baengele ba sena go ba tlogela ba ya legodimong, badisa ba raana ba re: "A re yeng fela jaana kwa Bethelehema, re bone selo se, se se dirafetseng se Morena o se re itsisitseng." Jalo ba tla ka potlako; ba fitlhela Maria le Josefe, le ngwanyana a letse mo bojelong jwa dipitse. Ya re ba sena go bona, ba itsise mo ntlheng tsotlhe lefoko le ba le boleletsweng ka ga ngwana yo. Mme botlhe ba ba utlwang ba gakgamadiwa ke dilo tse badisa ba di ba bolelelang. Mme Maria a boloka dipolelo tsotlhe tse, a di akanya mo pelong ya gagwe. Badisa ba boa ba galaletsa Modimo, ba o baka ka ntlha ya dilo tsotlhe tse ba di utlwileng le tse ba di bonyeng, fela jaaka ba boleletswe.


text:
September 26–October 2
1 Dikgosi 15-16
Pina 73 le Thapelo
Matseno (1 mots.)
MATLOTLO A A MO LEFOKONG LA MODIMO
“A o Pelokgale Jaaka Asa?”: (10 mets.)
Go Ribolola Matlotlo mo Dikwalong: (10 mets.)
1Dk 16:34—Temana eno e re thusa jang go dumela gore dilo tse Jehofa a di boleletseng pele di tla direga? (w98 9/15 21-22)
Mo mmalong wa Baebele wa beke eno, ke matlotlo afe a o ka ratang go tlotla ka one ka Jehofa, a o ka a dirisang mo tshimong, kgotsa matlotlo a mangwe a o a ithutileng?
-
Mmalo wa Baebele: (4 mets.) 1Dk 15:25– 16:7 (th thuto 5)
TLHAGAFALELA BODIREDI
Loeto Lwa Ntlha: (3 mets.) Dirisa karolo ya se re ka se buang mo bodireding go simolola letsholo la dithuto tsa Baebele. Bontsha gore o ka araba jang motho yo o buang sengwe go lo thibela go rera. (th thuto 12)
Loeto Lwa go Boela: (4 mets.) Dirisa karolo ya se re ka se buang mo bodireding go simolola letsholo la dithuto tsa Baebele. Buelela bidio ya Ke Eng fa o Tshwanetse go Ithuta Baebele? mme o se ka wa e tshameka. (th thuto 16)
Thuto ya Baebele: (5 mets.) lff thuto 07 ntlha 6 (th thuto 6)
BOTSHELO JWA BOKERESETE
Masole a a Pelokgale a ga Keresete: (5 mets.) Motlotlo. Tshameka bidio eno. Go tswa foo, botsa bareetsi potso e e latelang, Re ithuta eng mo sekaong sa ga Benjamin le sa ga Sruthi?
Se Phuthego ya Modimo e se Fitlheletseng: (10 mets.) Tshameka bidio ya September ya, Se Phuthego ya Modimo e se Fitlheletseng.
Thuto ya Baebele ya Phuthego: (30 mets.) lff thuto 20
Dintlha Tse di Konelang (3 mets.)
Pina 103 le Thapelo


text:
Miranda de Ebro
Pego e, e nnyane. O ka thusa Wikipedia ka go e oketsa.
Miranda de Ebro ke toropo kgolo kwa Spain, Europa. E na le baagi ba le 38.417 (2007).
Ditso[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]
Go tsweng ngwaga tsa 1940-1947,Miranda de Ebro,toropo mo bokone jwa Spain, e ne e nale bothibelo jwa magolegwa a batswa kwa. Bangwe e ne se ba ba tswang mo lefelong la Spain baba neng ba tshwerwe ka nako tsa dintwa.Bangwe e ne ele baba tlodileng molelwane ka bokhukhuntshwane. Mo bofelelong, bontsi e ne e le masole a Germany a neng a ikgobokantse fa ba tsena mo Spain kwa phelelong ya dintwa tsa mafatshe. Bontsi jwa magolegwa e ne e lebega e le ma french, mme bontsi jwa bosetshaba bo ne bo le teng go akaretswa le bone ma America.
palo e supa maina a magolegwa a neng a tshwerwe kwa kgolegelong gone ka nako eo. Polelo e ne supa maina a magolegwa le bosetshaba jwa bone fela. Tumelo ga ya neelwa,mme fa re kanoka ka difane, palo ya bajuta e ne e le kwa tlase.Go na le karata ya ikwadiso, e tlaletsa polelo ya motho mongwe le mongwe, e naya lefelo le malatsi a matsalo,seemo go supa fa o nyetswe kana o sa nyalwa, ntwa ya bonno,leina la rragwe le nako ya tshwaro mo Spain.[1]
Otele[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]
Toropo ya Miranda de Ebrob ke lefelo le le tletseng ka diotele ka go farologana. Dingwe tsa tsone di umakilwe fa tlase: Otele ya ntlha e bidiwa Vía Norte. E gone mo toropong ya Miranda de Ebrob, kgogedi ya teng ke Bodegas Bilbainas, Bodega Rafael Lopez de Heredia, le Plaza de la Paz. Popego ya otele Otele e,e nale reseturente le phaphose ya boamogelo baeng. E nale dikamore tsa thakano le kamore ya bokopano. [2]


text:
MATLOTLO A A MO LEFOKONG LA MODIMO
Letela Jehofa ka Bopelotelele
Dafide o ne a na le tshono ya go fedisa bothata jo a neng a lebane le jone (1Sa 24:3-5)
Dafide o ne a leba dilo ka tsela e Jehofa a neng a di leba ka yone, mme seo se ne sa mo thusa gore a bontshe boikgapo (1Sa 24:6, 7)
Dafide o ne a na le tumelo ya gore Jehofa o tla rarabolola bothata jo a neng a lebane le jone (1Sa 24:12, 15; w04 4/1 16 ¶8)
Le rona fela jaaka Dafide re tshwanetse go letela Jehofa ka bopelotelele, mme re se ka ra dira sepe se se kgatlhanong le molao wa Modimo go rarabolola mathata a re lebanang le one.—Jak 1:4; w04 6/1 22-23.


text:
18 Ruri masetlapelo a tla tlela lefatshe le le tletseng modumo wa go phaphasela ga diphuka tsa ditshenekegiMo kgaolong ya dinoka tsa Ethiopia.+2 Lefatshe leno le romela barongwa ka lewatle,Ba raletse metsi ba palame mekoro ya papirase, le re:“Tsamayang, lona barongwa ba ba bofefo,Lo ye kwa setšhabeng sa batho ba baleele ba letlalo le le borethe,*Kwa morafeng o o boifiwang gongwe le gongwe,+Kwa setšhabeng se se nonofileng, se se fenyang,*Se lefatshe la sone le gogolwang ke dinoka.”3 Lona banni botlhe ba lefatshe le lona baagi ba lefatshe,Se lo se bonang se tla tshwana le sesupo* se se tsholeditsweng mo dithabeng,E bile lo tla utlwa modumo o o tshwanang le wa go lediwa ga lonaka.4 Gonne seno ke se Jehofa a se mpoleletseng:“Ke tla nna ke sa tshwenngwe ke sepe ke bo ke leba mo* lefelong la me,Jaaka mogote le lesedi le le tswang mo letsatsing,Jaaka leru la monyo mo mogoteng wa thobo.5 Gonne pele ga thobo,Fa ditlhare di sena go thunya mme malômô* a fetoga morara* o o tlogang o butswa,Matlhogela a tla kgaolwa ka disekeleLe dikalana tse di lepeletseng di tla kgaolwa di bo di tlosiwa.6 Tsotlhe di tla tlogelelwa dinonyane tse di jang nama tsa kwa dithabengLe dibatana tsa lefatshe.Dinonyane tse di jang nama di tla fetsa selemo mo go tsone,E bile dibatana tsotlhe tsa lefatshe di tla fetsa nako ya thobo mo go tsone.7 Ka nako eo Jehofa wa masomosomo o tla tlisediwa mpho,E tswa kwa setšhabeng sa batho ba baleele ba letlalo le le borethe,*Kwa morafeng o o boifiwang gongwe le gongwe,Kwa setšhabeng se se nonofileng, se se fenyang,*Se lefatshe la sone le gogolwang ke dinoka,Mpho eo e tlisiwa kwa lefelong le leina la ga Jehofa wa masomosomo le leng mo go lone, e leng Thaba ya Siona.”+
Dintlha Tse di Kwa Tlase
^ Seheb., “kwa setšhabeng sa batho ba ba katogileng monyo, ba mmala wa sebilo.”
^ Kgotsa “kwa setšhabeng se se nang le nonofo e kgolo se se gatakang.”


text:
October 24-30
2 Dikgosi 1-2
Pina 79 le Thapelo
Matseno (1 mots.)
MATLOTLO A A MO LEFOKONG LA MODIMO
“Sekao se se Molemo sa go Katisa ba Bangwe”: (10 mets.)
Go Ribolola Matlotlo mo Dikwalong: (10 mets.)
2Dk 2:11—Elija o ne a ya kae fa a ne a “tlhatlogela kwa magodimong mo sefefong”? (w05 8/1 9 ¶1)
Mo mmalong wa Baebele wa beke eno, ke matlotlo afe a o ka ratang go tlotla ka one ka Jehofa, a o ka a dirisang mo tshimong, kgotsa matlotlo a mangwe a o a ithutileng?
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Mmalo wa Baebele: (4 mets.) 2Dk 2:1-10 (th thuto 10)
TLHAGAFALELA BODIREDI
Loeto Lwa Ntlha: (3 mets.) Dirisa kgang e go buiwang ka yone mo karolong ya se re ka se buang mo bodireding. Bontsha gore o ka araba jang motho yo o buang sengwe go lo thibela go rera. (th thuto 12)
Loeto Lwa go Boela: (4 mets.) Simolola ka kgang e go buiwang ka yone mo karolong ya se re ka se buang mo bodireding. Mo tlhalosetse gore re ithuta jang Baebele le batho o bo o mo naya karata ya go ikgolaganya le rona ya go ithuta Baebele. (th thuto 13)
Thuto ya Baebele: (5 mets.) lff thuto 07 le karolo ya “O Ithutile Eng?”, “Poeletso” le “Leka go Dira Seno” (th thuto 14)
BOTSHELO JWA BOKERESETE
“Dikarolo Tse di Thusang mo Kgatisong ya Itumelele go Tshelela Ruri!”: (15 mets.) Motlotlo. Botsolotsa mmoledi yo o ithutang Baebele le mongwe a dirisa kgatiso ya Itumelele go Tshelela Ruri! Botsa mmoledi dipotso tse di latelang: Ke eng se o se ratang ka kgatiso eno? Dibidio le dipotso di ama moithuti jang?
Thuto ya Baebele ya Phuthego: (30 mets.) lff thuto 24
Dintlha Tse di Konelang (3 mets.)
Pina 66 le Thapelo


text:
KGAOLO YA LESOMETLHANO
Kobamelo e e Amogelwang ke Modimo
A ditumelo tsotlhe di itumedisa Modimo?
Re ka bona jang bodumedi jwa boammaaruri?
Baobamedi ba boammaaruri ba Modimo ke bomang gompieno mo lefatsheng?
1. Re tla solegelwa molemo jang fa re obamela Modimo ka tsela e e tshwanetseng?
JEHOFA MODIMO o amega fela thata ka rona e bile o batla gore kaelo ya gagwe e e lorato e re solegele molemo. Fa re mo obamela ka tsela e e tshwanetseng, re tla itumela mme re tla kgona go tila mathata a le mantsi a botshelo. Gape, re tla bona tshegofatso le thuso ya gagwe. (Isaia 48:17) Le fa go ntse jalo, go na le ditumelo di le makgolokgolo tse di ipolelang gore di ruta boammaaruri ka Modimo. Mme di ruta dithuto tse di sa tshwaneng ka Modimo le gore o lebeletse eng mo go rona.
2. Re ka ithuta jang tsela e e tshwanetseng ya go obamela Jehofa, mme ke sekai sefe se se re thusang go tlhaloganya seno?
2 O ka itse jang gore tsela e e tshwanetseng ya go obamela Jehofa ke efe? Ga o tlhoke go ithuta le go bapisa dithuto tsa ditumelo di le dintsi tse di leng teng. Se o tlhokang go se ithuta fela ke gore tota Baebele e ruta eng ka kobamelo ya boammaaruri. Ka sekai: Mo dinageng di le dintsi, go na le bothata jo bogolo jwa gore batho ba itirele madi a e seng a mmatota. Fa go ne go ka twe o tlhaole madi a e seng a mmatota, o ne o tla dira jang? A o ne o tla leka go dira gore o itse madi otlhe a e seng a mmatota? Nnyaa. O ne o tla dirisa nako ya gago botoka ka go ithuta madi a mmatota. Fa o sena go itse gore madi a mmatota a lebega jang, o tla kgona go lemoga a e seng a mmatota. Ka tsela e e tshwanang, fa re ithuta go tlhaola bodumedi jwa boammaaruri, re tla kgona go lemoga ditumelo tse e seng tsa boammaaruri.
3. Go ya ka Jesu, re tshwanetse go dira eng gore re amogelwe ke Modimo?
3 Go botlhokwa gore re obamele Jehofa ka tsela e a e amogelang. Batho ba le bantsi ba dumela gore ditumelo tsotlhe di itumedisa Modimo, mme Baebele yone ga e rute jalo. Ga go a lekana go ipolela fela gore o Mokeresete. Jesu o ne a re: “Ga se mongwe le mongwe yo o nthayang a re, ‘Morena, Morena,’ yo o tla tsenang mo bogosing jwa magodimo, mme yo o dirang thato ya ga Rre yo o kwa magodimong o tla tsena.” Ka jalo, gore re amogelwe ke Modimo, re tshwanetse go ithuta gore ke eng se a batlang re se dira mme re bo re tlhomamisa gore re a se dira. Jesu o ne a bitsa batho ba ba sa direng thato ya Modimo a re ke ba ba “dirang ka go tlhoka molao.” (Mathaio 7:21-23) Fela jaaka madi a e seng a mmatota, bodumedi jwa maaka ga bo na mosola gotlhelele. Se se maswe le go feta ke gore bodumedi jo bo ntseng jalo tota bo kotsi.
4. Mafoko a ga Jesu a a buang ka ditsela tse pedi a kaya eng, mme nngwe le nngwe ya tsone e isa kae?
4 Jehofa o naya mongwe le mongwe mo lefatsheng tshono ya go bona botshelo jo bo sa khutleng. Le fa go ntse jalo, gore re bone botshelo jo bo sa khutleng mo Paradaiseng, re tshwanetse go obamela Modimo ka tsela e e tshwanetseng le gore gone jaanong re tshele ka tsela e a e amogelang. Go utlwisa botlhoko go bona gore go na le batho ba le bantsi ba ba sa batleng go dira jalo. Ke gone ka moo Jesu a ileng a re: “Tsenang ka kgoro e tshesane; ka gonne tsela e e isang tshenyegong e atlhame e bile e bulegile, mme ba ba tsenang ka yone ba bantsi; fa kgoro e e isang botshelong yone e le tshesane le tsela e pitlagane, mme ba ba e bonang ba le mmalwa.” (Mathaio 7:13, 14) Bodumedi jwa boammaaruri bo isa batho kwa botshelong jo bo sa khutleng. Bodumedi jwa maaka jone bo isa tshenyegong. Jehofa ga a batle gore motho ope a senngwe, mme ke gone ka moo a nayang batho gongwe le gongwe tshono ya gore ba ithute ka ene. (2 Petere 3:9) Ka jalo, go botlhokwa thata go ela tlhoko tsela e re obamelang Modimo ka yone.
TSELA YA GO TLHAOLA BODUMEDI JWA BOAMMAARURI
5. Re ka bona jang batho ba ba leng mo bodumeding jwa boammaaruri?
5 O ka bona jang ‘tsela e e isang botshelong’? Jesu o ne a re tsela e batho ba tshelang ka yone, ke yone e e tla re bontshang gore a ba mo bodumeding jwa boammaaruri kgotsa nnyaa. O ne a re: “Lo tla ba lemoga ka maungo a bone . . . setlhare sengwe le sengwe se se molemo se ungwa leungo le le molemo.” (Mathaio 7:16, 17) Ka mafoko a mangwe, ba ba leng mo bodumeding jwa boammaaruri ba tla lemogwa ka se ba se dumelang le ka boitshwaro jwa bone. Le fa gone ba sa itekanela e bile ba dira diphoso, baobamedi ba boammaaruri ba leka ka natla go dira thato ya Modimo. Mma re sekaseke dintlha di le thataro tse di tlhaolang batho ba ba leng mo bodumeding jwa boammaaruri.
6, 7. Batlhanka ba Modimo ba leba Baebele jang, mme Jesu o ne a tlhoma sekao jang mo kgannyeng eno?
6 Batlhanka ba Modimo ba theile dithuto tsa bone mo Baebeleng. Baebele ka boyone ya re: “Lokwalo lotlhe lo tlhotlheleditswe ke Modimo e bile lo tswela mosola mo go ruteng, mo go kgalemeleng, mo go tlhamalatseng dilo, mo go otlhayeng ka tshiamo, gore motho wa Modimo a tshwanelege ka botlalo, a tlhomeleletse ka botlalo go dira tiro nngwe le nngwe e e molemo.” (2 Timotheo 3:16, 17) Moaposetoloi Paulo o ne a kwalela Bakeresete ka ene jaana: “E rile lo amogela lefoko la Modimo, le lo neng lwa le utlwa mo go rona, lwa le amogela, e seng jaaka lefoko la batho, mme, fela jaaka ruri le ntse, jaaka lefoko la Modimo.” (1 Bathesalonika 2:13) Ka jalo, ditumelo tsa batho ba ba leng mo bodumeding jwa boammaaruri le ditiro tse ba di dirang ga di a theiwa mo dikgopolong kgotsa mo dingwaong tsa batho. Di theilwe mo Lefokong le le tlhotlheleditsweng la Modimo, e leng Baebele.
7 Jesu Keresete o ne a tlhoma sekao se se molemo ka go ruta dithuto tse di tswang mo Lefokong la Modimo. O ne a bua jaana fa a ne a rapela Rraagwe wa selegodimo: “Lefoko la gago ke boammaaruri.” (Johane 17:17) Jesu o ne a dumela Lefoko la Modimo mme sengwe le sengwe se a neng a se ruta se ne se dumalana le Dikwalo. Gantsi Jesu o ne a tle a re: “Go kwadilwe ga twe.” (Mathaio 4:4, 7, 10) Go tswa foo a bo a nopola temana nngwe. Ka tsela e e tshwanang, batho ba Modimo gompieno ga ba rute batho dikgopolo tsa bone. Ba dumela gore Baebele ke Lefoko la Modimo, mme ba theile dithuto tsa bone gotlhelele mo go se e se rutang.
8. Go obamela Jehofa go akaretsa eng?
8 Batho ba ba leng mo kobamelong ya boammaaruri ba obamela Jehofa a le nosi e bile ba itsise ba bangwe ka leina la gagwe. Jesu o ne a bolela jaana: “Jehofa Modimo wa gago ke ene yo o tshwanetseng go mo obamela, e bile ke ene a le esi yo o tshwanetseng go mo direla tirelo e e boitshepo.” (Mathaio 4:10) Ka jalo, batlhanka ba Modimo ga ba obamele ope o sele fa e se Jehofa fela. Kobamelo eno e akaretsa go itsise ba bangwe gore leina la Modimo wa boammaaruri ke mang le gore o ntse jang. Pesalema 83:18 e bolela jaana: “Wena, yo leina la gago e leng Jehofa, wena o le esi o Mogodimodimo yo o okametseng lefatshe lotlhe.” Jesu o ile a tlhoma sekao sa go thusa batho ba bangwe gore ba itse Modimo, jaaka a ne a rapela a re: “Ke bonaditse leina la gago mo bathong ba o ba nneileng ba tswa mo lefatsheng.” (Johane 17:6) Ka tsela e e tshwanang, gompieno baobamedi ba boammaaruri ba ruta batho ba bangwe ka leina la Modimo, maikaelelo a gagwe le dinonofo tsa gagwe.
9, 10. Bakeresete ba boammaaruri ba bontshana lorato ka ditsela dife?
9 Batho ba Modimo ba ratana ka lorato lwa boammaaruri lo e seng lwa bopelotshetlha. Jesu o ile a re: “Botlhe ba tla itse gore lo barutwa ba me ka seno, fa lo ratana.” (Johane 13:35) Bakeresete ba bogologolo ba ne ba ratana ka lorato lo lo ntseng jalo. Lorato lwa bomodimo lo fenya moya o o sa siamang wa setso, setšhaba le bomorafe mme lo kitlanya batho mmogo ka kgolagano e e nonofileng ya bokaulengwe. (Bakolosa 3:14) Batho ba bodumedi jwa maaka ga ba na bakaulengwe ba ba ratanang ka tsela e e ntseng jalo. Re itse seo jang? Ba a bolaana ka ntlha ya go farologana ga bone ka morafe le setso. Bakeresete ba boammaaruri ga ba tshole dibetsa gore ba bolaye bakaulengwe ba bone ba Bakeresete kgotsa ope o sele. Baebele e tlhalosa jaana: “Bana ba Modimo le bana ba ga Diabolo ba supega ka ntlha eno: Mongwe le mongwe yo o sa tsamayeng mo tshiamong ga a tswe mo Modimong, le ene yo o sa rateng mokaulengwe wa gagwe. . . . re tshwanetse go ratana; e seng jaaka Kaine, yo o neng a tswa mo go yo o boikepo mme a bolaya morwarraagwe.”—1 Johane 3:10-12; 4:20, 21.
10 Gone boammaaruri ke gore go nna le lorato lwa boammaaruri ga go reye fela gore o se ka wa bolaya motho. Kwantle ga bopelotshetlha, Bakeresete ba boammaaruri ba dirisa nako ya bone, maatla le dilo tsa bone go thusa ba bangwe le go ba kgothatsa. (Bahebera 10:24, 25) Ba a thusana mo dinakong tsa mathata e bile ba dirisana ka boikanyegi. Tota e bile, ba dirisa kgakololo ya Lefoko la Modimo mo matshelong a bone ya go ‘dira se se molemo mo go botlhe.’—Bagalatia 6:10.
11. Ke ka ntlha yang fa go le botlhokwa gore re amogele Jesu Keresete e le yo Modimo a re bolokang ka ene?
11 Bakeresete ba boammaaruri ba amogela Jesu Keresete e le ene yo Modimo a ba bolokang ka ene. Baebele ya re: “Ga go na poloko mo go ope o sele, gonne ga go na leina le lengwe kafa tlase ga legodimo le batho ba le neilweng le re tshwanetseng go bolokwa ka lone.” (Ditiro 4:12) Jaaka re bone mo Kgaolong ya 5, Jesu o ne a ntsha botshelo jwa gagwe go nna thekololo ya batho ba ba ikobelang Modimo. (Mathaio 20:28) Mo godimo ga moo, Jesu ke Kgosi e Modimo a e tlhomileng mo Bogosing jwa selegodimo e e tla busang lefatshe lotlhe. Mme Modimo o batla gore re ikobele Jesu re bo re dirise dithuto tse a re rutang tsone fa re batla go bona botshelo jo bo sa khutleng. Ke gone ka moo Baebele e reng: “Yo o supang tumelo mo go Morwa o na le botshelo jo bo sa khutleng; yo o sa utlweng Morwa ga a kitla a bona botshelo.”—Johane 3:36.
12. Go sa nne karolo ya lefatshe go akaretsa eng?
12 Baobamedi ba boammaaruri ga se karolo ya lefatshe. Fa Jesu a ne a sekisiwa fa pele ga mmusi wa Moroma e bong Pilato, o ne a re: “Bogosi jwa me ga se karolo ya lefatshe leno.” (Johane 18:36) Le fa balatedi ba boammaaruri ba ga Jesu ba ka tswa ba nna kae, ba busiwa ke Bogosi jwa selegodimo mme ka ntlha ya moo, ga ba amege ka gope mo dipolotiking tsa lefatshe. Ga ba nne le seabe ka gope mo dintweng tsa lone. Le fa go ntse jalo, baobamedi ba ga Jehofa ga ba tshwenyane le ba bangwe fa ba tlhopha go nna maloko a mokgatlho mongwe wa dipolotiki, fa ba nna baemedi ba one kgotsa ba tsenela ditlhopho. Le fa baobamedi ba boammaaruri ba Modimo ba sa tseye letlhakore lepe mo dipolotiking, ba ikobela molao. Ka ntlha yang? Ka gonne Lefoko la Modimo le ba laela gore ba “nne mo taolong” ya “balaodi ba bagolo.” (Baroma 13:1) Fa se Modimo a batlang gore ba se dire se thulana le se tsamaiso ya bopolotiki e batlang ba se dira, baobamedi ba boammaaruri ba latela sekao sa baaposetoloi, ba ba neng ba re: “Re tshwanetse go utlwa Modimo e le mmusi bogolo go batho.”—Ditiro 5:29; Mareko 12:17.
13. Balatedi ba boammaaruri ba ga Jesu ba leba jang Bogosi jwa Modimo, mme ba tsaya kgato efe?
13 Balatedi ba boammaaruri ba ga Jesu ba rerela batho gore Bogosi jwa Modimo ke jone fela tsholofelo ya batho. Jesu o ne a bolelela pele jaana: “Mme dikgang tse di molemo tseno tsa bogosi di tla rerwa mo lefatsheng lotlhe le le nang le banni gore e nne bosupi mo ditšhabeng tsotlhe; mme go tswa foo bokhutlo bo tla tla.” (Mathaio 24:14) Balatedi ba boammaaruri ba ga Jesu Keresete ba bolelela batho gore Bogosi jwa selegodimo jwa Modimo ke jone fela tsholofelo e le yosi ya batho go na le go ba kgothaletsa go ikaega ka dipuso tsa batho gore di rarabolole mathata a bone. (Pesalema 146:3) Jesu o ne a re ruta go rapelela puso eo e e itekanetseng fa a ne a re: “A bogosi jwa gago bo tle. A thato ya gago e diragale le mo lefatsheng, jaaka kwa legodimong.” (Mathaio 6:10) Lefoko la Modimo le ne la bolelela pele gore Bogosi jono jwa selegodimo “bo tla thubaganya bo fedisa magosi ano otlhe [a a busang gone jaanong], mme bo tla ema ka bosakhutleng.”—Daniele 2:44.
14. Ke setlhopha sefe sa bodumedi se o bonang se dira dilo tsotlhe tse di tshwanetseng go dirwa mo kobamelong ya boammaaruri?
14 Re akantse ka se re sa tswang go tlotla ka sone, ipotse jaana: ‘Ke setlhopha sefe sa bodumedi se dithuto tsa sone di tswang mo Baebeleng e bile se itsise ba bangwe ka leina la ga Jehofa? Ke setlhopha sefe sa bodumedi sa batho ba ba bontshanang lorato lwa bomodimo, ba ba dumelang mo go Jesu, ba e seng karolo ya lefatshe e bile ba bolelela ba bangwe gore Bogosi jwa Modimo ke jone fela tsholofelo e le yosi ya batho? Mo gare ga ditlhopha tsotlhe tsa bodumedi tse di leng teng mo lefatsheng, ke sefe sa ba ba dirang dilo tseno tsotlhe?’ Bosupi bo bontsha sentle gore ke Basupi ba ga Jehofa.—Isaia 43:10-12.
WENA O TLA DIRA ENG?
15. Ke eng gape se Modimo a batlang re se dira go na le go dumela fela gore o teng?
15 Ga go a lekana go dumela fela mo Modimong gore o mo itumedise. Tota e bile, Baebele ya re le one madimona a a dumela gore Modimo o teng. (Jakobe 2:19) Le fa go ntse jalo, go bonala sentle gore madimona ga a dire thato ya Modimo le gore Modimo ga a amogele. Gore Modimo a re amogele, ga re a tshwanela go dumela fela gore o teng mme gape re tshwanetse go dira thato ya gagwe. Re tshwanetse gore gape re kgaogane le bodumedi jwa maaka le go tsena mo kobamelong ya boammaaruri.
16. Motho o tshwanetse go dira eng gore a se ka a nna karolo ya bodumedi jwa maaka?
16 Moaposetoloi Paulo o ile a bontsha gore ga re a tshwanela go nna karolo ya kobamelo ya maaka. O ne a kwala jaana: “‘Tswang mo gare ga bone, lo bo lo itomolole,’ go bua Jehofa, ‘mme lo tlogele go ama selo se se seng phepa’; ‘mme ke tla lo amogela.’” (2 Bakorintha 6:17; Isaia 52:11) Ka jalo, Bakeresete ba boammaaruri ga ba amane ka gope le kobamelo ya maaka.
17, 18. “Babelona o Mogolo” ke eng, mme ke ka ntlha yang fa go potlakile go ‘tswa mo go ene’?
17 Baebele e bontsha gore mefuta yotlhe ya bodumedi jwa maaka ke karolo ya “Babelona o Mogolo.” * (Tshenolo 17:5) Leina leno le re gopotsa motse wa bogologolo wa Babelona, o bodumedi jwa maaka bo simolotseng kwa go one morago ga Morwalela wa Motlha wa ga Noa. Dithuto di le dintsi le ditlwaelo tse di dirwang gone jaanong mo bodumeding jwa maaka di simologile bogologolo kwa Babelona. Ka sekai, Bababelona ba ne ba obamela medingwana ya tharonngwe. Gompieno, Tharonngwe ke thuto ya konokono mo ditumelong di le dintsi. Mme Baebele yone e ruta gore go na le Modimo a le mongwe fela wa boammaaruri, e bong Jehofa Modimo, le gore Jesu Keresete ke Morwawe. (Johane 17:3) Gape, Bababelona ba ne ba dumela gore batho ba na le moya o o sa sweng o o tswelelang o tshela fa motho a sena go swa e bile o ka kgona go bogisiwa mo lefelong la tlhokofatso. Gompieno, ditumelo di le dintsi di ruta gore moya ga o swe kgotsa gore o ka boga mo molelong wa dihele.
18 E re ka kobamelo ya bogologolo ya kwa Babelona e aname mo lefatsheng lotlhe, Babelona o Mogolo wa gompieno a ka bidiwa ka tshwanelo go twe ke mmusomogolo wa lefatshe lotlhe wa bodumedi jwa maaka. Mme Modimo o boleletse pele gore mmusomogolo ono wa bodumedi jwa maaka o tla khutla ka tshoganyetso. (Tshenolo 18:8) A o a lemoga gore ke ka ntlha yang fa go le botlhokwa gore o ikgaoganye le karolo nngwe le nngwe ya Babelona o Mogolo? Jehofa Modimo o batla gore o ‘tswe mo go ene’ ka bonako go sa ntse go na le nako.—Tshenolo 18:4.
19. O tla segofadiwa ka eng fa o direla Jehofa?
19 Bangwe ba ka nna ba swetsa ka gore ba se ka ba tlhola ba tsalana le wena ka ntlha ya go bo o dirile tshwetso ya go tlogela bodumedi jwa maaka. Le fa go ntse jalo, fa o direla Jehofa o na le batho ba gagwe, o tla segofadiwa ka dilo di le dintsi go feta tse di tla go latlhegelang. Fela jaaka barutwa ba pele ba ga Jesu ba ba neng ba tlogela dilo dingwe gore ba mo sale morago, o tla nna le bakaulengwe le bokgaitsadi ba le bantsi ba semoya. O tla nna karolo ya lelapa le legolo la lefatshe lotlhe la dimilionemilione tsa Bakeresete ba boammaaruri ba ba go ratang ka lorato lwa boammaaruri. Mme o tla nna le tsholofelo e e molemolemo ya go bona botshelo jo bo sa khutleng “mo tsamaisong e e tlang ya dilo.” (Mareko 10:28-30) Gongwe fa nako e ntse e tsamaya, botlhe ba ba ileng ba go latlha ka ntlha ya se o se dumelang ba tla leba se Baebele e se rutang ba bo ba fetoga go nna baobamedi ba ga Jehofa.
20. Batho ba ba leng mo kobamelong ya boammaaruri ba tlile go nna le isagwe e e ntse jang?
20 Baebele e ruta gore go ise go ye kae, Modimo o tla fedisa tsamaiso e e boikepo eno ya dilo mme mo boemong jwa yone o tla tlisa lefatshe le lesha la tshiamo mo pusong ya Bogosi jwa gagwe. (2 Petere 3:9, 13) A bo leo e tlile go nna lefatshe le le molemo jang ne! Mme mo tsamaisong e ntšha eo e e siameng, go tla bo go na le bodumedi bo le bongwe fela, kobamelo ya boammaaruri ya mofuta o le mongwe fela. A ga o bone go le botlhale gore o tseye kgato e e tshwanetseng gore o ikopanye le baobamedi ba boammaaruri gone jaanong?
^ ser. 17 Go bona tshedimosetso e e oketsegileng ya gore ke ka ntlha yang fa Babelona o Mogolo a tshwantshetsa bodumedi jotlhe jwa maaka mo lefatsheng, bona Dintlha Tse di Oketsegileng, ditsebe 219-20.


text:
BASHA BA BOTSA JAANA
Nka Tlhalosa Jang Se ke Se Dumelang ka Tlhakanelodikobo?
“Wareng—ga o ise o tlhakanele dikobo?”
Fa o batla go araba potso eno mme karabo ya gago e le ee, a o ne o ka rata go e araba o le pelokgale? Setlhogo seno se tla go thusa!
Motho yo o iseng a tlhakanele dikobo ke yo o ntseng jang?
Motho yo o iseng a tlhakanele dikobo ke motho yo o iseng a nne le seabe mo thobalanong.
Mme gone, thobalano ga se yone fela mofuta wa tlhakanelodikobo. Batho bangwe ba ka nna ba re ga ba ise ba tlhakanele dikobo ka gonne ba ise ba nne le seabe mo thobalanong—le fa gone ba dirile dilo dingwe tse di leswe.
Ka sekai, lefoko “tlhakanelodikobo” le ka kaya dilo tse di jaaka tlhakanelodikobo ka molomo, ka marago kgotsa go tshwaratshwara dirwe tsa tlhakanelodikobo tsa motho yo mongwe.
Ntlha ya botlhokwa: Batho ba ba nnileng le seabe mo ditirong tsa tlhakanelodikobo—tse di jaaka tlhakanelodikobo ka molomo, ka marago kgotsa go tshwaratshwara dirwe tsa tlhakanelodikobo tsa motho yo mongwe—ga ba ka ke ba re ga ba ise ba tsamaye ba tlhakanele dikobo.
Baebele ya reng ka tlhakanelodikobo?
Baebele ya re monna le mosadi ba ba nyalaneng ke bone fela ba tshwanetseng go tlhakanela dikobo. (Diane 5:18) Ka jalo, motho yo o batlang go itumedisa Modimo ga a tshwanela go tlhakanela dikobo pele a tsena mo lenyalong.—1 Bathesalonika 4:3-5.
Bangwe ba re tsela e Baebele e lebang dilo ka yone e siilwe ke nako le gore ga e tlhole e tshwanela mo motlheng wa rona. Mme se lebale gore lefatshe leno le tletse ka tlhalo, go ima motho a sa ikaelela le malwetse a a tshelanwang a tlhakanelodikobo. Ka jalo, lefatshe leno ga le mo boemong jo bo siameng go re naya kgakololo mo dikgannyeng tsa boitsholo!—1 Johane 2:15-17.
Fa o akanya ka kgang eno, o tla lemoga gore melao ya Baebele ya boitsholo e a utlwala. Ka sekai: A re re mongwe o go naya mpho ya madi a kana ka R10 000 ($1 000). A o ka gasagasa madi ao mo tseleng gore mongwe le mongwe fela yo o fetang a a itseele?
O ka tshwanelwa ke go dira tshwetso e e tshwanang mo kgannyeng ya tlhakanelodikobo. Sierra wa dingwaga di le 14 a re: “Ga ke batle go tlhakanela dikobo le motho yo nka se gopoleng le leina la gagwe mo dingwageng tse di tlang.” Tammy wa dingwaga di le 17 o dumalana le ene. A re: “Tlhakanelodikobo ke mpho e e tlhwatlhwakgolo e o ka se batleng go e tseela kwa tlase.”
Ntlha ya botlhokwa: Baebele ya re batho ba ba seng mo lenyalong ga ba a tshwanela go tlhakanela dikobo e bile ba tshwanetse go nna le boitsholo jo bo phepa.—1 Bakorintha 6:18; 7:8, 9.
Ke eng se wena o se dumelang?
A o akanya gore molao wa Baebele ka kgang ya tlhakanelodikobo o a utlwala kgotsa o gagametse?
A o akanya gore go siame gore batho ba babedi ba ba sa nyalanang ba tlhakanele dikobo ka gonne ba re ba a ratana?
Fa basha ba bantsi ba sena go akanyetsa kgang eno kwa teng, ba bona go le molemo gore ba se tlhakanele dikobo pele ga lenyalo le gore ba nne le boitsholo jo bo phepa. Ga ba ikwatlhaele tshwetso eo, e bile ga ba ikutlwe e kete ba timiwa sengwe. Utlwa gore bangwe ba bone ba reng:
“Ke itumelela gore ga ke ise ke tlhakanele dikobo! Go molemo go tila go utlwisiwa botlhoko mo mogopolong, mo mmeleng le mo maikutlong mo go bakwang ke go tlhakanela dikobo pele ga lenyalo.”—Emily.
“Ke itumelela gore ga ke a utlwisiwa botlhoko ke go tlhakanela dikobo le batho ba ba farologaneng e bile go itumedisa tota go itse gore ga ke na le fa e le tlhasenyana ya malwetse a a tshelanwang ka tlhakanelodikobo.”—Elaine.
“Ke utlwile bontsi jwa basetsana ba ba lekanang le nna ka dingwaga le ba bagolwane ba re ba ikwatlhaela go bo ba ile ba tlhakanela dikobo e bile ba eletsa gore ba ka bo ba ile ba leta, mme nna ga ke batle go dira phoso e e tshwanang.”—Vera.
“Ke lemogile gore batho ba bantsi ba ngomogile pelo ka gonne ba ile ba tlhakanela dikobo pele ga lenyalo kgotsa ba robetse le batho ba le bantsi. Ke akanya gore ba tshela botlhoko.”—Deanne.
Ntlha ya botlhokwa: Pele o lebana le kgatelelo kgotsa thaelo ya go tlhakanela diboko, o tshwanetse go itse se o se dumelang.—Jakobe 1:14, 15.
O ka tlhalosetsa ba bangwe jang se o se dumelang?
O ka reng fa mongwe a go botsa ka se o se dumelang ka tlhakanelodikobo? Go tla ikaega ka maemo.
“Fa mongwe a batla go tshega ka nna mme e le one fela maitlhomo a gagwe, ke ne nka se eme fela foo. Ke ne ke tla re, ‘Tswa mo dikgannyeng tse di sa go ameng,’ ke bo ke itsamaela.”—Corinne.
“Ka maswabi, bana ba bangwe kwa sekolong ba kgatlhiwa ke go kgerisa ba bangwe. Fa e le gore joo ke jone fela boikaelelo jwa bone fa ba mpotsa, ke ne nka se ba arabe.”—David.
A o ne o itse? Ka dinako dingwe, Jesu o ne a itidimalela fela fa basotli ba mmotsa dipotso.—Mathaio 26:62, 63.
Mme go tweng fa e le gore motho yo o go botsang potso tota o batla go itse? Fa o akanya gore motho yoo a ka tswa a tlotla Baebele, o ka nna wa umaka ditemana tse di jaaka 1 Bakorintha 6:18, e e reng motho yo o tlhakanelang dikobo pele ga lenyalo o leofela mmele wa gagwe kgotsa o a o gobatsa.
E ka ne o dirisa Baebele ka yone nako eo kgotsa nnyaa, go botlhokwa gore o bue o tlhatswegile pelo. Se lebale gore ga o a tshwanela go tlhabisiwa ditlhong ke go nna o le phepa mo boitsholong.—1 Petere 3:16.
“Go araba o tlhatswegile pelo go bontsha gore ga o belaele se o se dumelang le gore o dira se o se dirang ka gonne se siame, e seng fela ka gonne o boleletswe gore o se dire.”—Jill.
Ntlha ya botlhokwa: Fa o tlhatswegile pelo ka se o se dumelang ka tlhakanelodikobo, o tla kgona go se tlhalosetsa ba bangwe. Mme o ka gakgamadiwa ke tsela e ba tla tsibogelang seo ka yone. Melinda wa dingwaga tse 21 a re: “Badirikanna ba ile ba nkakgolela go bo ke ise ke tlhakanele dikobo. Ga ba tseye seno se sa tlwaelega. Go na le moo, ba se leba e le letshwao la go nna le boikgapo le go itshwara sentle.”
Kakantsho! Fa o batla thuso ya gore o nne pelokgale fa o tlhalosa se o se dumelang ka tlhakanelodikobo, itseele dintlha tsa go itshekatsheka tsa setlhogo se se reng “Kafa o ka Tlhalosang ka Gone Se o Se Dumelang ka Tlhakanelodikobo.” Gape bona buka ya Dipotso Tse Basha ba di Botsang—Dikarabo Tse di Nang le Tharabololo.
Kgaolo 24 ya Bolumo 1 e na le setlhogo se se reng “A Tlhakanelodikobo e Tla Tokafatsa Kamano ya Rona?”
Kgaolo 5 ya Bolumo 2 e na le setlhogo se se reng “Ke Eng fa ke Tshwanetse go Nna ke Ise ke Tlhakanele Dikobo go Fitlha ke Tsena mo Lenyalong?”
“Ke rata tsela e dibuka tsa ‘Basha ba Botsa Jaana’ di tlhalosang dilo ka yone. Ka sekai, tsebe 187 ya Bolumo 1 ya re go tlhakanela dikobo pele ga lenyalo go tshwana le go naya mongwe sebaga se se turang, mahala. O a inyenyefatsa. Tsebe 177 yone ya re go tlhakanela dikobo pele ga lenyalo go tshwana le go tsaya setshwantsho se sentle se se takilweng o bo o se dirisa go nna mmetshe o o phimolang dinao. Mme setshwantsho se ke se ratang thata ke se se mo go tsebe 54 ya Bolumo 2. Mafoko a a mo setshwantshong sa teng a re: ‘Go tlhakanela dikobo pele ga lenyalo go tshwana le go bula mpho pele ga o e newa.’ Go nna jaaka e kete o utswela mongwe—molekane wa gago wa kamoso.”—Victoria.


text: 10 Ruri go latlhega ba ba tlhomang melao e e utlwisang botlhoko!+Ba ka metlha ba kwalang ditaelo tse di gatelelang,2 Gore ba ganele bahumanegi ka ditshwanelo tsa bone,Gore ba se ka ba direla batho ba maemo a a kwa tlase tshiamiso,+Ba tseye dithoto tsa batlholagadiBa bo ba gape dithoto tsa dikhutsana.*+3 Lo tla dira eng ka letsatsi la katlholo,+Fa tshenyego e tla e tswa kgakala?+Lo tla tshabela kwa go mang gore a lo thuse,+E bile lo tla tlogela khumo* ya lona kae?4 Ga go na se lo ka se dirang fa e se go gagaba fa gare ga magolegwaKgotsa go wela mo go ba ba bolailweng.Ka ntlha ya dilo tseno tsotlhe, bogale jwa gagwe ga bo a boela morago,Mme o sa ntse a otlolotse seatla sa gagwe gore a ba kgemethe.+5 “Reetsang! Moasiria,+Ke thobane e ke e dirisang go bontsha gore ke galefile,+Mme ke dirisa thobane e e mo seatleng sa gagwe go otlhaya.6 Ke tla mo romela gore a ye go tlhasela setšhaba sa motlhanogi,+A ye go tlhasela morafe o o nkgalefisitseng;Ke tla mo laela gore a tseye go le gontsi le gore a gape go le gontsiLe gore a ba gatake jaaka seretse mo mebileng.+7 Le fa go ntse jalo, ga a kitla a tlhotlheletsega go dira ka tsela eoE bile pelo ya gagwe ga e kitla e ikaelela go dira jalo;Gonne mo pelong ya gagwe o ikaeletse go nyeletsaLe go fedisa ditšhaba di le dintsi, e seng di le mmalwa.8 Gonne a re,‘A dikgosana tsa me tsotlhe ga se dikgosi?+9 A Kaleno+ ga a tshwane le Karakemishe?+A Hamathe+ ga a tshwane le Arepade?+A Samarea+ ga a tshwane le Damaseko?+10 Seatla sa me se nyeleditse magosi a a obamelang medimo e e se nang mosola,A ditshwantsho tsa one tse di betlilweng di neng di le dintsi go feta tsa Jerusalema le Samarea.+11 A ga nkitla ke dira Jerusalema le medingwana ya yoneFela jaaka ke dirile Samarea le medimo ya yone e e se nang mosola?’+12 “Fa Jehofa a wetsa tiro yotlhe ya gagwe mo Thabeng ya Siona le kwa Jerusalema, o* tla otlhaya kgosi ya Asiria ka ntlha ya pelo ya gagwe e e tletseng lonyatso le tsela e a lebang ka yone e e bontshang mabela le boikgodiso.+13 Gonne a re,‘Ke tla dira seno ka nonofo ya seatla sa meLe ka botlhale jwa me, ka gonne ke botlhale.Ke tla tlosa melelwane ya ditšhaba+Ke bo ke tsaya matlotlo a tsone,+E bile ke tla fenya banni ba teng fela jaaka yo o maatla.+14 Seatla sa me se tla tsaya matlotlo a ditšhabaFela jaaka motho a tsenya seatla mo sentlhageng;E bile ke tla phutha lefatshe lotlheFela jaaka motho a phutha mae a a tlogetsweng.Ga go ope yo o tla dirang gore diphuka tsa gagwe di phaphasele kgotsa yo o tla bulang molomo wa gagwe kgotsa yo o tla tswirinyang.’”15 A selepe se ka ikgodisetsa motho yo o remang ka sone?A shaga e ka ikgodisetsa motho yo o shagang ka yone?A thobane+ e ka kgatikanya motho yo o e tsholetsang?E bile a thobane e ka tsholetsa motho yo o sa dirwang ka logong?16 Ka jalo Morena wa boammaaruri, Jehofa wa masomosomo,O tla dira gore batho ba gagwe ba ba nonneng ba bopame,+E bile Asiria ga a kitla a tlhola a galalela, o tla nna jaaka e kete o fisitswe ke molelo.+17 Lesedi la Iseraele+ le tla fetoga molelo,+Le Modimo wa gagwe yo o Boitshepo o tla fetoga kgabo ya molelo;E tla tuka e bo e laila mefero ya gagwe le ditlhatshana tsa gagwe tsa mmitlwa mo letsatsing le le lengwe fela.18 O tla fedisa gotlhelele bontle jwa sekgwa sa gagwe le jwa tshingwana ya gagwe ya maungo;Go tla nna jaaka fa motho yo o lwalang a koafalela pele.+19 Ditlhare tsotlhe tsa sekgwa sa gagwe tse di setsengDi tla bo di le mmalwa mo mosimane a ka kgonang go di bala.20 Mo letsatsing leo, ba ba setseng ba IseraeleLe ditlogolwana tse di falotseng tsa ga Jakobe,Ga ba kitla ba tlhola ba ikaega ka yo o neng a ba kgemetha;+Mme ka boikanyegi, ba tla ikaega ka Jehofa,Modimo yo o Boitshepo wa Iseraele.21 Go tla boa masalela fela,Masalela a ga Jakobe, a boela kwa go Modimo Mothata.+22 Gonne le fa gone batho ba gago, wena Iseraele,Ba tshwana le motlhaba* wa lewatle,Go tla boa masalela a bone fela.+Go dirilwe tshwetso ya gore ba fedisiwe,+E bile ba tla welwa ke katlholo.+23 Eleruri tshwetso ya go ba fedisa e e dirilweng ke Morena Molaodimogolo, Jehofa wa masomosomo,E tla diragadiwa mo nageng eo yotlhe.+24 Ka jalo, seno ke se Morena Molaodimogolo, Jehofa wa masomosomo, a se buang: “Lo se ka lwa boifa, lona batho ba me ba lo nnang kwa Siona, ka ntlha ya Moasiria yo o neng a tle a lo iteye ka thobane+ fela jaaka Egepeto e ne e dira.+25 Gonne mo lobakanyaneng fela, katlholo e tla bo e fedile; ke tla ba galefela ke bo ke ba nyeletsa.+26 Jehofa wa masomosomo o tla mo itaya ka seme+ fela jaaka a ile a fenya Midiana kwa lefikeng la Orebe.+ E bile thobane ya gagwe e tla nna mo godimo ga lewatle, mme o tla e tsholetsa fela jaaka a ile a e tsholeletsa Egepeto.+27 Mo letsatsing leo, morwalo wa gagwe o tla tloga mo legetleng la gago,+Le jokwe ya gagwe e tla tloga mo thamong ya gago,+Mme jokwe eo e tla robega+ ka ntlha ya leokwane.”28 O ne a tla mo Aiatha;+O ne a ralala Migerone;A baya dithoto tsa gagwe kwa Mikemashe.+29 Ba kgabagantse karolo e go kgabaganngwang noka mo go yone,Ba ne ba lala kwa Geba;+Rama e a roroma, Gibea+ wa ga Saulo o tshabile.+30 Goa o bo o lele, wena morwadia Galime!Tlhwaya tsebe, wena Laisha!Wena Anathothe+ yo o tlhomolang pelo!31 Matemena o tshabile.Banni ba Gebime ba batlile lefelo le le sireletsegileng.32 Mo go lone letsatsi leno, o tla ema kwa Nobe.+O kgatikanyetsa lebole la gagwe kwa thabeng ya ga morwadia Siona,E leng thota ya Jerusalema.33 Morena wa boammaaruri, Jehofa wa masomosomo,O rema dikala gore di phatlakane ka modumo o mogolo;+Ditlhare tse ditelele thata di a kgaolwa,E bile ditlhare tse di goletseng kwa godimo di a kokobediwa.34 O kgemetha ditlhatshana tse di kitlaneng tsa sekgwa ka selepe,*Mme Lebanona o tla digwa ke motho yo o maatla.