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TSHEKATSHEKO YA LEBOKO LA GA KGOSI MOLEFI K. PILANE JAAKA POKOTHORISO BAFATLHOSI:
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TSHEKATSHEKO YA LEBOKO LA GA KGOSI MOLEFI K. PILANE JAAKA POKOTHORISO BAFATLHOSI: MME R.M. RAMAGOSHI POROFESARA M. J. MOJALEFA © University of Pretoria Ditebogo tsa me ke di lebisa go montataisi Porofesara M.l Mojalefa yo 0 nnileng pelotelele Ie boineelo mo go ntsamaiseng tsela Ie fa loeto 10 ne 10 Ie thata. A Modimo a go okeletse matlhagatlhaga, botshelo bo bo senang dilabi Ie dingwaga tsa botshelo. Sebata! Ke leboga mme R.M. Ramagoshi yo 0 nthotloeditseng go ikwadisetsa lokwalo 10 a be a nkgothatsa ka mafoko a a nonotshang fa ke ne ke tlhoka maitsetsepelo ka dinako tse di thata. Tshwara fe1ajalo tlhe Pelonomi. Rre D .M.G Seke1eko yo 0 tlhotlhileng puo e e dirisitsweng mo lokwalong 10 mme a ntsha moroko mo go yona ka manontlhotlho a a usang pelo. Tshwara 0 tiise, 0 sa ntse 0 Ie motswedi wa tlotlofoko mo go rona. Th610! Go ba "University of Pretoria Post Graduate Bursaries" ka re go lona, 10 dirile namane e tona ya tiro ka go ntshegetsa ka matlotlo. Le ka moso. Go tla bo go sa lekana fa nka se umake motlanyi wa tiro e, e bong mohumagatsana Tabea Rahube yo 0 dirileng tiro ya gagwe ka boinee1o. Malebo! Ke leboga mohumagadi P.R. Komati yo 0 rileng go fetsa loeto 10 10 leele la go rwale1a a fitlha a sitlhollela ngata ya dikgong mo go nna gore ke kgone go ora mole1o wa mariga. Ke leboga Ie baithutammogo botlhe ba ke neng ka dirisana Ie bona. Nka dira phoso fa ~a Ramakanyane, yo 0 lebala batsadi ba me e leng rre Daniel hulereng, Ie mme Elizabeth Mamedupe ba ba nneileng bophelo gore ke nne se ke leng sona. Ke rebolela lokwalo 10 go mmaagwe banake, Laurencia Kebusitswe yo 0 nnileng Ie seabe se segolo mo go nthotloetseng Ie go ntire1eng molemo go nkgontsha go wetsa tiro. Ke leboga Ie banake Katlego, Masego Ie N ala ba mo dinakong di Ie dintsi ba neng ba aga ba tlhoka rraabo fa ke ne ke tshwaragane Ie tiro e. Yo 0 tshwanetseng go lebogiwa bogolosetonna ke mang fa e se Morena, Ramasedi wa poloko yo ka dinako tsotlhe a tsamaileng Ie nna mo loetong 10. A leina la gagwe Ie bakwe. -i- DITENG TSEBE 1. KGAOLO YA NTLHA 1 1.1 Matseno 1 1.2 Maikaelelo 2 1.3 Mokgwa wa patlisiso 3 1.4 Tlhaloso ya dikakanyo 5 1.4.1 Pokokanelo 6 1.4.2 Epiki 6 1.4.3 'Outu' 6 1.4.4 Balate 7 1.4.5 Sonete 8 1.4.6 Pokothoriso 9 1.5 Mmotl616 wa boaneledi 13 1.5.1 Diteng 16 1.5.2 Thulaganyo 17 1.5.3 1.5.4 Thitokgang 18 Setaele 19 1.6 Tsamaiso ya dikgang 19 2. 2.1 KGAOLO YA BOBEDI 22 Diteng 22 Matseno 21 2.2 2.3 Tshos6banyo ya diteng tsa leboko la ga Molefi Kgafela 22 2.4 Setlhogo ga Molefi Kgafela 24 2.5 Tlhaloso ya dielemente tsa diteng 25 2.5.1 Baanelwa 25 -ii- 2.5.2 Kgolagano ya baanelwa 27 2.6 Kakaretso 41 2.7 Ditiragalo 42 2.7.1 Mefuta ya ditiragalo 43 2.7.2 Ditiragalo ka bots6na 46 2.7.3 Phetogo ya baanelwa 48 2.7.4 Phetogo ya nako 48 2.7.5 Phetogo ya felo 49 2.8 Tikologo 50 2.8.1 Nako 50 2.8.2 Felo 59 2.9 Tshosobanyo 61 3. KGAOLO YA BORARO 63 3.1 Thulaganyo 63 3.2 Matseno 63 3.3 Matlhakore a thulaganyo 63 3.3.1 Letlhakore Ie Ie tsepameng 63 3.3.2 Letlhakore Ie Ie rapameng 64 3.4 Thitokgang 64 3.5 Thaetlele 66 3.6 Dikgato tsa thulaganyo 70 3.6.1 Tshenolo 70 3.6.2 Phuthologo 98 3.6.3 Setlhoa 105 3.6.4 Tharabologo 109 3.7 Tshosobanyo 113 -iii - 4. KGAOLO YA BONE 116 4.1 Setaele 116 4.2 Matseno 116 4.3 Setaele fa se Iebagane Ie diteng Ie thulaganyo 117 4.4 Dithekeniki tsa Setaele 119 4.5 Dipharologantsho tsa Setaele 120 4.6 Tshosobanyo 138 5. KGAOLO YA BOTLHANO 140 5.1 Metara jaaka thulaganyo ya poko 140 5.2 Matseno 140 5.3 5.4 Dikarolo tsa mofuta wa puo 140 Dikarolo tsa mofuta wa poko 141 5.5 Tshekatsheko ya metara wa leboko la ga Molefi Kgafela 142 5.6 Tshosobanyo 153 6. KGAOLOYABORATARO 155 6.1 Bokhutlo 155 6.2 Matseno 155 6.3 6.4 Kgaolo ya ntlha 155 Kgaolo ya bobedi 157 6.5 Kgaolo ya boraro 158 6.6 Kgaolo ya hone 160 6.5 Kgaolo ya botlhano 161 METLOBO 164 SUMMARY 181 OPSOMMING 184 LEBOKO KA KAKARETSO 187 Seboni Ie Lekhela ke bangwe ba bakwadi ba ba nnileng Ie seabe se segolo mo dikwalong tsa Setswana. Le fa go Ie jaIo, go bonaia Seboni a tlhageIeia ka magetla mo godimo ga Lekheia ka ntlha ya mefutafuta ya dikwalo tse a di kwadileng. Ke mankge mo bokwalapading, poko Imnogo Ie diphetoieio. Go Iateia mefuta ya dikwaiwa tsa ga Seboni. Tsona ke Rammone wa Kgalagadi (1947) (poko), Kgosi Henry wa bone (1952) e e Ieng phetolelo mo puong ya Setswana ya Iokwalo lwa terama lwa ga William Shakespeare e leng King Henry IV. Seboni ga a ke a re go lekane. 0 ne a itima boroko ka go kwala tlhamane e e itsegeng jaaka Koketso Kitsoya Lefatshe (1954), Kgosi Sebele II (1956) e e leng bayokerafi, Morekis(wa Venisi (1961), yona ke phetolelo mo puong ya Setswana ya terama e e bidiwang Merchant of Venice ya ga William Shakespeare. Seboni 0 ne a tswelela pele ka go kwala lokwalo lwa Diane Ie maele a Set.swana (1962) 10 Ie lona e leng tlhamane, Molema, Ngaka Modiri (1965) (Lokwalo Iwa bayokerafi), Khumagadi (1969), e e leng phetolelo mo puong ya Setswana ya lokwalo lwa ga Haggard e bong She. Mmogo Ie Lekhela Seboni e leng Boka Sentle (1970). 0 kokoantse ngatana ya maboko a Setswana Seboni 0 tshwanetse go akgolwa ka a dirile namane e tona ya tiro ka go nna mothubasegagane mo go tlhameng dibayokerafi mo puong ya Setswana. The conclusion reached 'is that the study of biography in Setswana is, to a large extent still in its infancy and that Seboni has tmdoubtedly done praiseworthy piece of work in uncovering this field. Go itshupa sentle gee gore Seboni mo bokwading, diphetolelong 0 botlhokwa e Ie ruri Ie mo go tlhameng dibayokerafi tsa Setswana. Le fa Lekhela a sena dikwalwa tse di lekanang Ie tsa ga Seboni ka palo o nnile Ie seabe mo go kokoanyeng ngatana ya Boka Sentle e Malimabe (1997:13) a reng e tshotse poko ya segologolo e e tseetsweng matsapa. Tshekatsheko e, e tla ela tlhoko leboko la bakwadi ba, fela pele go ka dirwajalo go tla tlhokomelwa maikaelelo a patlisiso e. Maikaelelo ke go sekaseka sebopego sa leboko la ga Kgosi Molefi K. Pilane jaaka pokothoriso mme pele go ka dirwa jalo go tshwanetse ga netefatswa gore ga go na basekaseki ba bangwe ba ba itebagantseng Ie Ieboko Ie. Go Iemogilwe gore ga go na basekaseki ba ba setseng ba sekasekile Ieboko Ie mme Ie fa go Ie jalo, Schapera (1965) 0 dirile ditshwaelo fale Ie fale ka ga Ieboko Ie ene a Ie bitsang Molefi Kgafela ka go eta a tlhalosa dintlha tsa Ieboko Ie jaaka go fa Iemorago Ia bogosi ba ga Kgafela Ie go neela ka ditlhaloso tsa mareo mangwe mo Iebokong. Ka go rialo se ga se tshekatshekotsenelelo. Tshekatsheko e, e ya go sekaseka Ieboko Ie go Iebeletswe matlalo a mararo a sekwalwa e Ieng diteng, thulaganyo Ie setaele. Go Iemogilwe fa Ieboko Ia boSeboni e Ieng Kgosi Molefi K. Pilane Ie Ie tlhagelelang mo ngataneng ya Boka Sentle Ie ama dingwe tsa ditiragalo tsa Ieboko Ia ga Molefi Kgafela Ie Ie tlhagelelang mo ngataneng ya ga Schapera e Ieng Praise Poems of Tswana Chiefs (1965) e seng ditiragalo tsotlhe. Ka ntlha ya se, tshekatsheko e, e tla itebaganya Ie go tlhalosa (define) Ie go ranola (interprete) sebopego sa Ieboko Ia Molefi Kgafela jaaka Ie tlhagelela mo go Praise poems of Tswana Chiefs e seng mo go Boka Sentle. Ntlha e nngwe e e tshwanetseng go elwa tlhoko ke gore mo Iebokong Ia ga Schapera ga go a dirisiwa kgaoganyo ya mafoko go ya ka molao 0 0 kannweng ke Boto ya Puo ya Setswana ka jeilo mela ya Ieboko Ie e tla tsewa jaaka e kwadilwe. Pele go ka sekasekwa go botlhokwa go tlhalosa se mareo a a sa tswang go umakiwa fa godimo e Ieng go tlhalosa Ie go ranola se a se rayang go supa fa mareo a, e se makaelagongwe. Go tIhaIosa ke go tsweletsa sepopego sa selo se motho a se itseng gore se bonagale Ie go tlhaloganngwa botoka. Go ka tsewa tlhaloso ya setlhare jaana: Setlhare ke semela se se nang Ie modi kgotsa medi e e se thusang go itsetsepela Ie go goga metsi Ie dijo mo mmung. Se bopilwe ka kutu e e nang Ie dikala tse di nang Ie matlhare mme ka dinako dingwe go na Ie maungo, dithoro gongwe dithunya. Ditlhare dingwe di na Ie mebitlwa e e di sireletsang kgatlhanong Ie dira tse di Iekang go ja matlhare a tsona. Go na Ie ditlhare tse dikgolo Ie tse dinnye. Go ranola ke go tlhalosa ka go gateIeIa dipharologantsho tsa se se tlhalositsweng go tlhagisa mesola ya sona. Sekao: Medi ya setlhare e ka dira me1emo e e nowang ke batho Ie diphoIogoIo. Kutu e dirisiwa go betla didiriswa jaaka mabati, dihl10 Ie dithuIeIo tsa matlo. Dikala tsa setlhare di dira magora a a sireletsang batho mo matlong a bona. Matlhare Ie ona a dira me1emo ya boitekanelo. Mesola ya maungo a setlhare ke go tlame1a batho Ie dinonyane ka dijo fa dithunya tsona di kgabisa naga Ie go tlisa Ionko 1010monate mo tikologong. Go ya ka ditlhaloso tse di fa godimo go itshupa sentle gore mareo a ga a tshwane ka jalo a ya go dirisiwa ka mekgwa e e farologaneng fa go sekasekwa Ieboko Ia ga Molefi Kgafela. Gore patlisiso e e tlhaloganyege sentle go tshwanetse ga tlhalosiwa dikakanyo tse di Iatelang gore di bontshe ka fa di farologanang ka teng Ie pokothoriso. sona. E tla re morago go tlhalosiwe se pokothoriso e Ieng Dikakanyo tse di tla Iekolwang ke pokokanelo, epiki, outu, balate, Ie sonete. Pokokanelo ke poko e mo go yona go anelwang kgang. Ke ka moo Pretorius (1989:109) a reng: Mapabi Ie kgang e e anelwang e, Mojalefa (1993: 15) a re e bua ka ga ditiragalo Ie ditiro tsa batholbaanelwa. Ke go re pokokanelo ke kgang e e tlotlang ka ga se se dirwang ke baanelwa mo pokong. Frye Ie ba bangwe (1983 :27) ba re kgang e e tlhagisiwa ka mokgwa wa ditematheto. Bona ba re: Le fa go Ie jalo Mojalefa (1996:49) ene a re ga se ka gale mo e Ieng gore mofuta 0 wa Ieboko 0 na Ie ditematheto. Ka dinako dingwe maboko a a tlhagelela a se na ditematheto. Go ka akarediwa ka go re pokokanelo ke mofuta wa poko 0 mo go ona kgang e anelwang ke mmoki mabapi Ie ditiro tse di dirwang ke baanelwa. Baanelwa ba pokokanelo ba tshwana fela Ie ba porosa e bile mofuta 0 wa poko 0 ka dirisa ditematheto kgotsa tsa tlogelwa. Go ya ka Mojalefa (1993 :25) epiki ke poko e e amang botshelo ka kakaretso jaaka bo Iebilwe ka Ieitlho Ia mmoki. Ntsime Ie Knlger (1994:423) ba tshegetsa kakanyo e ka go re mofuta 0 wa Ieboko 0 tshwanetse go ama ditiragalo tse dikgolo Ie tse di botlhokwa tsa hisetori ya setShaba. Pharologantsho e e botlhokwa ka ga epiki ke go re baanelwabagolo ba yona ba na Ie dithata tse di feteletseng. Ke ka moo Abrams (1981:50) a reng baanelwa ba ba na Ie dithata tse di Iaolang pheletso ya matshelo a baanelwa ba bannye ka ntlha ya go golagana Ie badimo ga bona. Go ka twe epiki ke poko e e anelang ka boleele mme baanelwa ba yona mmogo Ie ditiragalo di bontsha maatla a a feteleditsweng. It is the most elevated and complicated species of lyric, the ode was often written to celebrate notable public occasions or lofty universal themes. Ka kakanyo e, Fowler 0 gatelela go itumelela Ie go tlotlomatsa ditiragalo tse di kgatlhang mmoki ka mokgwa wa kopelo fela Msimang (1985:51) ena motho yo 0 0 dumela gore 'outu' e lebelela maemo a bophelo ba bokiwang ka fa matlhakoreng a mabedi e leng bokgoni Ie makoa. Ke ka moo a reng: As an ode it postrophises the king, referring to his personality and physique, pointing out both good and bad qualities. Ka kakaretso go ka twe 'outu' ke poko e e tlotlomatsang motho wa maemo kgotsa ditiro tse di itumedisang e ntse e lebile Ie makoa. The term has three meanmgs of different scope. The widest, of no literacy significant, is that of any set of words for a hme. The narrowest refers to the English and Scottish traditional ballad, a specific form to narrative poem which became a part of the larger world of folk song. Se se botlhokwa se se umakiwang fa ke gore balate ke nngwe ya maboko a a tlhagisiwang ka mokgwa wa kopelo go ya ka setso se se rileng. Ntlha e ya kopelo e tshegediwa ke Cuddon (1977 :77) fa are: Ftmdamentally a ballad is a song that tells a story and originally was a musical accompaniment to a dance. Go ka twe balate ke poko e e dirisang dipina. Fa a tswelela pele gona mo tsebeng e Cuddon a re dipina tse di ne di fetisiwa go tswa losikeng go ya losikeng 10 10 latelang jalojalo. Mojalefa (1996:85) 0 gatelela gore se se botlhokwa mo pineng ya balate e e nang Ie morethetho ke bonatla kgotsa maemo a mmokiwa. Go ka akarediwa kakanyo e ya balate ka go re ke poko ya bogologolo e e anelang ditiragalo tsa boganka jwa mmokiwa ka mokgwa wa kopelo. Moloti Ie Legodi (1995:16) ba tlhalosa go re lefoko sonete Ie tswa mo lefokong la Selatini e leng "So.nare" mme lona Ie bua ka go dmna Ie go nunisana ga mela. Mabapi Ie mela e e nunisanang e, Lesele (1989:66) a re e lesome Ie bone ka palo. Ntsime Ie Krtiger (1994:425) ba re go na Ie mefuta e mebedi ya disonete e leng mofuta wa Sentariana Ie wa Seesimane. Mabapi Ie mefuta e ba re sonete ya Sentariana e na Ie thulaganyo ya monuno 0 0 kgaoganyang leboko Ie ka dikarolo di Ie pedi tse di totobetseng. Ke gore go mela e e robedi ya ntlha e e bidiwang 'okoteifi' Ie e merataro ya bobedi e e bidiwang 'sesetete'. Fa ba tsweIeIa pele gona mo tsebeng ya 425 ba re Sonete ya Seesimane yone e na Ie meIa-mene (quartrains) e meraro Ie meIa-mebedi mongwe 0 0 0 Ie konoteIeIang Ieboko. Ba fetsa ka gore mo mabokong a Setswana ga go ise go nne Ie Ieboko Ie Ie tshwane1ang dipharologantsho tsa sonete. Go ya ka Schapera (1965: 1) pokothoriso ke mofuta wa poko 0 0 nnileng teng go tloga tshimologong ya poko. Ke ka mo a reng: Fa a tsweIeIa pele gona mo tsebeng e Schapera a re kwa ntle ga go rorisa magosi, merafe, dingaka Ie bagaka ba dintwa mofllta ne 0 0 wa poko 0 Iebeletse gape Ie batho ba e seng ba maemo, go akarediwa Ie basadi. Go ya ka Kunene (1971:1) Ie boShoIe (1994:63) pokothoriso e Iebagane Ie bogatlhamelamasisi ba mmokiwa, ke ka moo boShoIe ba reng: ... e kopantse tiro ya go ronsa, go tlhalosa botho jwa mmokiwa Ie go boIe1a tsa botshe1o jwa gagwe jwa bonatla. Le fa go Ie jalo Schapera 0 tswelela pele gona mo tsebeng ya ntlha ka gore thoriso e e ne e sa ame batho fela. E ne e Iebeletse Ie diphologolo, dijalo, dinoka, dithaba jalojalo. Ntlha e, e tshegediwa ke Lesele (1989:1) fa are: E akaretsa maboko a magosi Ie bagale, a merafe Ie diphologolo gaImnogo Ie dilo tse dingwe. Schapera 0 wetsa ka gore Ie mo nakong ya segompieno maboko a a dirisiwa go rorisa dilo tse di botlhokwa jaaka dikolo, diterena Ie dibaesekele (Schapera 1965: 1). Fa go sosobanngwa dintlha tse go ka twe pokothoriso ke poko ya setso/segologolo e e tlotlomatsang sebokiwa ka ntlha ya ditiro tsa sona tse di kgatlhang mmoki. Sebokiwa se e ka nna motho, phologolo, dilo tsa tlhago, dikago e sita Ie dinamelwa. Tshekatsheko e e tla Iebelela ka fa dikakanyo tse di setseng di tlhalositswe di farologanang Ie pokothoriso ka teng. E anela kgang Ie fa e sa rorise e bile e bua ka ga ditiro tsa batho fa pokothoriso yona e Ie poko ya setso e e rorisang batho, ditshedi, mmogo Ie dilo dingwe. Pharologantsho nngwe e e botlhokwa ke go re pokokanelo ka dinako dingwe e dirisa ditematheto fa pokothoriso e sa dirise ditematheto. Epiki e ama botshelo ka kakaretso fa pokothoriso yona e Iebile fela tse di kgatIhang mmoki ka ga sebokiwa. Epiki e dirisa ditematheto ka boIeeIe fa pokothoriso e sa di dirise. Ponagalo nngwe gape ke go re baanelwa ba epiki ke ba semaka Ie metlholo fa baanelwa ba pokothoriso Ie fa ba akaretsa diphoIogoIo Ie dilo dingwe e se ba metlholo ya badimo. E anela ka mokgwa wa kopelo fa pokothoriso yona e rorisa ka go kgadiepetsa Ie go bua ka molomo Ie diatla. Se s.engwe gape ka ga outu ke gore yona e Iebile baanelwa ba maemo fa pokothoriso e sa IebeIeIa fela baanelwa ba maemo go akarediwa Ie batho fela, diphoIogoIo Ie dilo. E anela ka mokgwa wa kopelo e e nang Ie morethetho fa pokothoriso yona e rorisa ka mokgwa wa tiriso ya puo. E dirisa mokgwa 0 0 metara Ie monlmo. kgethegileng jaaka melatheto, Pokothoriso ga e a ikaega ka matshwao a gonne ke poko ya setso e e neng e tlotlwa ka molomo. PharoIogantshokgoIo e e Ieng teng magareng ga pokothoriso Ie mefllta mengwe ya poko e e umakilweng fa godimo ke gore maboko a a tlholega kwa Moseja fa pokothoriso MaAfrika. yona e tlholega Ie setso sa Ka kakaretso go tla IebeIeIwa Ienaneo Ie Ie supang ka fa dikakanyo tse di kailweng fa godimo di farologanang ka teng ka botsona Ie ka fa di farologanang ka teng Ie pokothoriso. Pokokanelo Epiki - - E aneia kgang E aneia Balate kgang Sonete E - E aneia E dirisa meia e anela ka ka mokgwa mokgwa wa wa kopelo kopelo ka morethetho a - E a rorisa - Tsamaiso ya me1a e Iaolwa - E bua ka ga ditiragalo - E Ie ditematheto ya boleele dirisaka Iebile Ie dipharologantso tsa poko jaaka melatheto Ie - E na baanelwa Ie fela jaaka porosa Pokothoriso - Ke poko ya segologolo e e sa leng e una teng mo tshimologong ya poko. - E a rorisa. - Ga e a lebelela batho felci,e boka e sita Ie diphologolo Ie dilo tsa tlhago. - E lebile tse di kgatlhang mmoki. - Ka fa tlwaelong ga e dirise ditematheto - E tlholega Ie setso sa maAferika. Jaanong tlhotlhomiso e e tlile go itebaganya Ie leboko la ga Molefi Kgafela jaaka pokothoriso mme go botlhokwa go lebelela pe1e mmotl616 wa boaneledi. 1.5 MMOTLOLO WA BOANELEDI (NARRATOLOGICAL MODEL) Maikaelelo a tlhotlhomiso e ke go lebelela Ie go tlhalosa sebopego sa sekwalwa ka go latela mmotl616 wa boaneledi. Pe1e go ka dirwa jalo go tla lebelelwa gore bateori ba boaneledi bona ba tlhalosa jang sebopego sa sekwalwa. Le fa go na Ie bateori ba Ie bantsinyana ba boane1edi, tshekatsheko e e tlile go inola ba Ie mmalwa fe1a. Bona ke Genette, Strachan, Groenewald, Mojalefa Ie Marggraff. Go tla lebelelwa ka fa bateori ba ba dumelanang Ie ka fa ba farologanang ka teng ~abapi Ie sebopego sa sekwalwa. Bateori ba ba umakilweng fa godimo ba dumelana ka go re sekwalwa se na Ie matlalo (levels) a Ie mararo mme ga ba dumelane gotlhelele tebang Ie kgang e. Gennette (1980:27) 0 engwa nokeng ke Strachan (1988:2) ka go re letlalo la ntlha la sekwalwa ke hisetori (geskiedenis/history), la bobedi ke thulaganyo fa la boraro e Ie seradiso (teks/text). Groenewald (1993:4) Ie Marggraff (1994:44) bona ba tlaleletswa ke Mojalefa (1995 :17) ka go re letlalo la ntlha ke diteng, la bobedi ke thulaganyo fa la boraro e Ie setaele. Ditlhopha tse pedi tse tsa bateori di farologana gape mo tshekatshekong ya ditiragalo, sererwa Ie poloto mmogo Ie mo go tlhaloseng setaele. BoGennette ba dumela gore ditiragalo di farologana Ie thulaganyo ka gore ga di ise di bewe ka tatelano ya tsona. Ke ka moo Strachan a reng: Hiervan is die geskiedenis die laag wat die leser uit die verhaal kan rekonstruer deur onder meer die gebeurtenisse in chronologies volgorde te plaas. Dit verskil van die verhaal in die sin dat die gebeurtenisse "nog nie" op 'n bepaalde' wyse georden is nie. So gesien, "bestaan" die geskiedenis potensieel voor die verhaal (Strachan 1988:3). Le gale Groenewald (1993:9) ena a re ditiragalo di beilwe ka tatelano mme tatelano e e lebagane Ie baanelwa. A re tiragalo e lebagane Ie moanelwa, ke gore ke se moanelwa a se dirang kgotsa se se mo diragalelang. 0 tswelela pele ka gore mo go tsona ditiragalo tse di latelanang tse, dikgang di a fetoga. Mojalefa (1998:3) 0 dumelana Ie Groenwald mabapi Ie tsona dikgang tse di fetogang tse fa a re ke tsona tse mokwadi a tlileng go kwala ka tsona fa a kwala lokwalo lwa gagwe. Go ka twe ditiragalo ke dikgang tsa mokwadi tse di rulaganngwang go ya ka tatelano mme tatelano ya tsona e tlholwa ke baanelwa. Fa ba tlhalosa seradiso boGennette ba kaya fa e Ie thekeniki ya tebelelo (viewpoint) feletseng. 0 0 dirisiwang go sekaseka poloto mme e se letlalo Ie Ie BoGroenewald bona fa ba tlhalosa letlalo la boraro Ie bona ba Ie bitsang setaele ba re ke letlalo Ie Ie feletseng la sekwalwa mme fa ba Ie sekaseka ba gatelela maikutlo (atmosphere) a a tlholwang ke tiriso ya puo. Tshekatsheko e e tla itsalanya Ie mokgwa wa boGroenewald wa go sekaseka sebopego sa sekwalwa go lebeletswe diteng, thulaganyo Ie setaele. Mabapi Ie diteng Groenewald (1993:8) are: Letlalo la diteng ke ditaba ge di lemogwa ka botSona, pele ga ge mongwadi a bolela/ngwala ka ga tSona pele ga ge a di Walosa. Ke ka moo go ka tweng diteng ke dikgang kgotsa dikakanyo tse di tlhagelelang mo tlhaloganyong ya mokwadi pele a ka di tlhagisetsa babuisi ka go di kwala. Se se kaya gore diteng tsa sekwalwa di a bo di ntse di Ie teng mo tlhaloganyong ya mokwadi pele a kwala. Go tla lebelelwa diteng fa di lebagane Ie setlhogo mme pele go ka dirwa jalo go tshwanetswe ga elwa tlhoko gore lereo Ie, setlhogo mo Setswaneng Ie kaya dilo di Ie tharo mo Seesimaneng e leng 'title', "heading" Ie "topic". Ka ntlha ya bothata jo, mo tshekatshekong e go tla dirisiwa mareo a mabedi jaana: Setlhogo go kaya "topic" ka sekgoa Ie thaetlele go kaya "title" jaaka Ie Setswanafaditswe. When a point is reached at which the reality cannot be abstracted any further, when a fmal abstraction is reached, then one refers to the topic of the story. Se se kaiwang fa ke gore fa diteng di sosobantswe go fitlha mo di ka se tlholeng di sosobanngwa go ya pele go buiwa ka setlhogo. Mojalefa (1993:33) 0 kono.setsa ka gore sona setlhogo se, se logagantswe go nna selo se Ie sengwe mme se lebane Ie hisitori/diteng. Ka dikakanyo tse boGroenewald ba gatelela gore setlhogo se botlhokwa mo tshekatshekong ya diteng gonne se golaganya diteng gore di nne selo se Ie sengwe. Se laola tikologo (nako Ie lefelo) e bile ka setlhogo mokwadi 0 kgona go lemoga tshimologo Ie bokhutlo jwa dikgang. Se lemosa babuisi ditiragalodikgolo Ie baanelwabagolo. Ka bokhutshwane go ka twe setlhogo se botlhokwa gonne ke sona motheo wa tshekatsheko golaganngwa ya diteng. Ditiragalo tsa sekwalwa ke setlhogo ka jalo diteng tsa sekwalwa di di ka se sekasekiwe kwa ntle ga go ama setlhogo. Jaaka go setse go tlhalositswe (tsebe 14) thulaganyo ke letlalo la bobedi la sekwalwa. Groenewald (1991a:22) a re thulaganyo ke tshiamiso ya dikgang Ie ditiragalo tse mokwadi a di itlhophetseng gore a di dirise fa a kwala sekwalwa. Fa a tswelela pele (1992:2) are thulaganyo ya sekwalwa ke tlhopho ya dithekeniki. Se moteori yo a se kayang fa ke gore mokwadi tlileng go di latela fa a kwala sekwalwa. 0 itlhophela ditsela tse a Mojalefa (1995:38) 0 tshegetsa ntlha e ka gore thulaganyo ke letlalo Ie Ie farologanyang sekwalwa Ie se e seng sekwalwa. Ke gore ka thulaganyo dikgang tsa sekwalwa di a baakanngwa. Fa a nuna kgang e, Groenewald (1991:22) 0 gatelela botlhokwa jwa thulaganyo mmogo Ie tiro ya dielemente (dikarolwana) tsa yona. A re dikgang di nl1aganngwa gore di legabane Ie maikaelelo a mokwadi. 0 gatelela gore dikgang di fiwa tiro ka go di lebaganya Ie morero. Go ka twe mokwadi 0 rulaganya dikgang tsa sekwalwa gore molaetsa 0 kgone go tlhalosa se a se bonang mabapi Ie thitokgang. Groenewald (1991:230) 0 tlhalosa gore thitokgang ke tebelelo ya mokwadi e e tlhophilweng mabapi Ie dikgang kgotsa ditiragalo tse a di itemogetseng mo botshe1ong: Fa a tshegetsa kakanyo e Mojalefa (1995 :27) a re thitokgang ke maikaelelo kgotsa thuto e mokwadi a ratang go e neela mmuisi fa a kwala sekwala. Go ka sosobanngwa ka go re kane10 yotlhe ya sekwalwa e sosobanngwa ka thitokgang, ka jalo e botlhokwa thata mo sekwalweng. Botlhokwa jo, bo gatelelwa ke Groenewald (1993:13) fa a re thitokgang e golaganya dikgang tsa thulaganyo gore e nne kgang e Ie nngwe. E golaganya gape Ie dithekeniki tsa thulaganyo tse di itlhophetsweng ke mokwadi. Go setse go tlhalositswe (tsebe 14) gore go ya ka bateori ba ba itlhophetsweng sekwalwa. mo boane1eding, setaele Groenewald (1993:5) 0 ke Ietlalo Ia boraro Ia tlhalosa Ietlalo Ie ka go re Ie bonagatsa sekwalwa gore lnmuisi a se Iemoge lnme a kgone go se buisa. Ke gore setaele se Iebagane Ie plIOya mokwadi. Mojalefa (1995:40) 0 tsweledisa kakanyo e pele ka go re setae1e ke puo e e tshegetsang thitokgang. Are ka setae1e mokwadi 0 dira botsalano Ie mmuisi gonne setaele se riboIoIa maikutlo (atmosphere) a a rileng mo Ka dintlha tse go ka akarediwa ka go re setae1e se Iebagane Ie puo e mokwadi a e dirisang go ngoka Ie go Iemosa babuisi se a batlang go se ba boIeIeIa. Puo, mafoko Ie medumo e e dirisiwang ke mokwadi di kgona go tlisa maikutlo a a rileng mo mmuising fa a buisa sekwalwa. Mo kgaolong ya ntlha go amilwe matseno lnme ga gate1eIwa botlhokwa ba ga Seboni Ie Lekhela ga be ga umakwa Ie dikwalwa tse ba di kwadileng. Mo maikae1eIong go Iebe1etswe ga be ga netefatswa gore Ieboko Ia ga Kgosi Molefi K. Pilane ga Ie ise Ie sekasekiwe ke basekaseki ba bangwe. Fa go ne go tshwaraganwe Ie mokgwa wa patlisiso go Iemogilwe fa boSeboni ba inotse ditemana dingwe tsa Ieboko Ia ga Kgosi Molefi K. Pilane go tswa mo Iebokong Ia ga Molefi Kgafela Ie Ie fitlhelwang mo go Praise-Poems-of- Tswana Chiefs (1965) ya ga Schapera mme ga fediwa ka go tlhalosa Ie go ranola sebopego sa leboko la ga Molefi Kgafela jaaka Ie tlhagelela mo go Praise-Poems-ofTswana Chiefs. Mo tlhalosong ya dikakanyo go tlhalositswe ka fa dikakanyo tse di latelang e leng pokokanelo, epiki, 'outu', balate, Ie sonete di tshwanang Ie ka fa di farologanang ka teng. Fa go ne go lebilwe mm6tl616 wa boaneledi go gateletswe sebopego sa sekwalwa go ya ka bateori ba ba farologaneng mme ga latelwa tiori e e reng sekwalwa se na Ie matlalo a Ie mararo e leng diteng, thulaganyo Ie setaele. Mo kgaolong ya bobedi go tla sosobanngwa diteng tsa leboko la ga Molefi Kgafela ga be ga tlhalosiwa dielemente tsa diteng tse mmogo Ie tiriso ya tsona. Kgaolo ya boraro e tla ama thulanganyo. Mo go yona go tla lebelelwa matlhakore a mabedi a sekwalwa, thitokgang ya leboko la ga Molefi Kgafela, thaetlele Ie dikgato phuthologo, setlhoa Ie tharabologo. tsa thulaganyo e leng tshenolo, Go tla lekolwa Ie dithekeniki tse di dirisitsweng mo dikgatong tse. Mo kgaolong ya bone go tlile go tlhalosiwa setaele ga be ga lebelelwa dithekeniki Ie dipharologantsho tsa setaele mo lebokong la ga Molefi Kgafela. Mo kgaolong ya botlhano go tlile go sekasekwa metara jaaka thulaganyo ya poko mme go tlhalosiwe metara wa leboko la ga Molefi Kgafela. Kgaolo ya borataro yone e Iebagane Ie bokhutlo mo go tIiIeng go akarediwa dikgaolo tsotlhe tse di mabapi Ie tlhotlhomiso e. ,. 1$'197601 b I$;4 (J '). 54 K. Mo tshekatshekong ya diteng go tlile go Iebelelwa dintlha tse di Iatelang e Ieng tshosobanyo ya ditiragalo tsa diteng tsa Ieboko Ia ga Molefi Kgafela ka maikaele10 a go tlhofofaletsa mmuisi tiro ya go sala dintlha tsa tshekatsheko e morago gore a se ke a eta a Iatlhega fa tshekatsheko e ntse e tswele1a pe1e. Go tla Iekolwa Ie setlhogo sa Ieboko Ie, mmogo Ie die1emente tsa diteng Ie tiriso ya die1emente tse. 2.3 TSHOSOBANYO YA DITIRAGALO TSA DITENG TSA LEBOKO LA GA MOLEFI KGAFELA. Molefi 0 tloge1etswe bogosi ke mogoloe e Ieng Pilane a Pheto ka jalo ke ena a tshwanetseng go tlhokomela morafe mmogo Ie Iegae Ia gaabo. Jaaka kgosi Ie moeteledipele Molefi 0 Iebanwe ke namane e tona ya tiro e Ieng go fedisa boitaolo bo bo Ieng teng mo motseng. Boitaolo bo ke ba batho ba ba farologaneng jaaka batho ba ba Ialang ba setisa baagi ba ba boikobo go dira ditiro tsa bona tsa tlwaelo mo motseng Ie bangwe ba baagi ba ba tlogetseng magae go leba kwa metseng ya ditoropo mme e re go fitlha koo ba itebatse magae Ie malapa a bona. Kwa ntle ga fao go na Ie batho ba ba ngongoregetseng ruri ka ga tsamaiso ya bogosi ba ga Molefi. Bangwe ba ngongorega ka go re Molefi ga a ba tlhokomele, 0 lebeletse baeng ka jalo bona ba bolawa ke tlala Ie mororo ba lebala gore ka setso moeng ke ena a tlhokomelwang thata go gaisa monggae. Ba bangwe ba lela ka gore fa ba ya kwa mosate ga ba mo fitlhele ka ntlha ya fa a etela merafe mengwe jaaka kwa gaabo malomaagwe go kopa melao mme gona ke tshwane10 gore fa motho e Ie moete1edipele a kope mae1e mo go ba bagolo, bogolo jang fa morafe 0 phatlaletse jaaka wa ga Molefi. Le fa go Ie jalo go sa ntse go na Ie ba ba itumelelang tsamaiso ya bogosi jaaka boMokgadi wa ga Serake ba ba reng ke motho yo 0 pelo, yo 0 fepang morafe a sa kgetholole baeng Ie merafe e sele. Ke ka moo ba nang Ie tsholofelo ya gore ka ntlha ya se batho basele ba tla mo thusa go phutha morafe. Mo gare ga ditsuatsue tse Molefi 0 dirisa dikgakololo tse a di fiwang jaaka go batla mae1e mo go borre ba bagolo ba mosate Ie go dirisa mekgwa ya sekgoa ya go batla makgwelwa a a bapisiwang Ie matimela ka go kwale1a komisinara wa Kapa go mmatlisa batho ba gagwe. Molefi o romela gape Ie baagi ba ba itseng dikhutlhwana tsa ditoropo go mmatlisa makgwelwa. Go ka rungwa ka go re kwa bofelong Molefi 0 atlegile gonne basadi ba mafetwa kwa gae ba simolola .go duduetsa e bile tlala Ie yona e fedile, ka gonne banna ba boetse gae ke ka moo Molefi a kgonang go isetsa bomaalomaagwe dijo gore ba je ba be ba sale ba di lebile fe1a. Ka setso meduduetso Ie kgora di supa boitumelo ka jalo go ka twe morafe boitumelong ka ntlha ya fa Molefi a kgonne go 0 0 mo phutha. Kakanyo e e setse e tlhalositswe mo kgaolong ya ntlha (tsebe 16) mme Ie fa go Ie jalo Marggraff (199( 17) 0 e akaretsa ka go re: topic holds a vital position. Its influence exerts itself in two directions, vertically and horizontally. Go ka twe setlhogo ke tshosobanyo ya dikgang tse di botlhokwa tse di rerwang mo sekwalweng. Ke motheo 0 diteng tsotlhe tsa sekwalwa di theilweng mo go ona. Mojalefa (1995 :2) 0 gatelela botlhokwa ba setlhogo ka go re fa mmatlisisi a bua ka ga diteng 0 tshwanetse go bua pele ka ga setlhogo. Setlhogo sa leboko Ie ke thoriso ya ga Molefi gonne kgankgolo fa ke go ronSlwa ga gagwe. Jaanong go ilwe go sosobanngwa ditiragalo tsa go rorisiwa ga Molefi. Molefi 0 bogosing tlogeletswe motse gore a 0 0 etelele pele. Fa a tsena mo fitlhela mathata a go solofelwang gore a ka a rarabolola. Bangwe ba baagi ba tletse boitaolo bo bo kgoreletsang tsamaiso ya molao Ie tolamo. Molefi re 0 0 rorisiwa ka ntlha ya fa go na Ie tshepo ya go tla kgona go rarabolola mathata a. Molefi 0 rorisetswa gape Ie go nna pelo e e bonolo ka go sa kgetholole batho go ya ka maemo. 0 tlhokomela baeng e bile 0 fepa Ie batlhanka mmogo Ie baabomogolo gore ba tle ba mo thuse mo tirong e e thata ya go phutha morafe. 2.5 TLHALOSO YA DlELEMENTE TSA DITENG Kakanyo ya diteng e setse e tlhalositswe mo kgaolong ya ntlha (tsebe 16). Groenewald (1993:8) 0 tlhalositse kakanyo e ka go re diteng ke dikgang tsa mokwadi pele a ka kwala sekwalwa. Diteng tse di na Ie diSISmSntS tse go ya ka Mojalefa (1997:8) di arogantsweng ka dikarolo di Ie nne e leng baanelwa, ditiragalo, nako Ie lefelo. Go tla tlhalosiwa dielemente tse ka bongwe ka bongwe ka tatelano ya tsona. Fa ba tlhalosa baanelwa Mogapi (1993:14) Ie Shole (1994:10) ba re baanelwa ke batho ba mokwadi a ba ipopelang mo tlhaloganyong ya gagwe mme a dire gore e nne bona ba ba dirang ditiro. Go ka twe baanelwa ke batho ba ba bopilweng ke mokwadi. Bal (1980: 14-15) Ie Strachan (1988: 11) bona ba tlhalosa fa baanelwa e Ie batshameki (akteurs) go gaisa fa go ka twe ke batho (personasies). ·. . aketeurs handeling work beskou verrig. menslik me, want Rulle n hond as instansies wat is nie noodwendig of n masjien of n slang ka byvoorbeeld as akteur optree. Se se botlhokwa se se gatelelwang fa ke go re baanelwa ba sekwalwa ga se batho fela, Ie dilo dingwe e ka nna baanelwa, ke ka moo go leng botoka go ba bitsa batshameki. Fa batshameki ba ba tlhagelela mo sekwalweng go na Ie ka fa ba golaganang ka teng mme go ya ka Mojalefa (1993:3), kgolagano e e laolwa Ie setlhogo. Fa a tswelela pele mo tsebeng ya borataro, Mojalefa a re baanelwa ba ba arogantswe ka ditlhopha di Ie pedi e leng baanelwabagolo Ie baanelwabannye. Marggraff (1994:63) ena leng "basic/cardinal 0 aroganya baanelwa ka ditlhopha di Ie tharo e characters, appropriate/secondary characters Ie arbitrary/superfluous characters". Le fa ditlhopha tse tsa baanelwa di Ie botlhokwa mo sekwalweng patlisiso e, e tla lebelela fela baanelwabagolo. ba bitsa mongangisi (quarrelsome person) Mojalefa (1995:111) Ie mongangisiwa 0 (kind hearted person) fa Malimabe (1998:28) ena a re ke moganetsi Ie moganediwa. Mo tshekatshekong e go tla lebelelwa baanelwabagolo e Ie moganediwa Ie moganetsi. . Go ya ka Mojalefa (1995:6) moganediwa ke moanelwamogolo bontsi ba ditiragalo bo theilweng mo go ena. tshimologong, fa gare Ie kwa bofelong jwa sekwalwa. yo 0 fitlhelwa kwa 0 ganediwa ka ntlha ya tshiamo ya gagwe. Mo Iebokong Ie moganediwa ke Molefi gonne 0 ganediwa go kgaratlhela tshiamo e Ieng go phutha morafe. Mojalefa (1995:6) a re moganetsi ke moaneIwamogoIo yo 0 ganetsang moganediwa mo maikaelelong a gagwe a go diragatsa tshiamo. Mo lebokong Ie baganetsi ke baagi ba ba tletseng boitaolo gonne boitaolo ba go tlogela magae Ie go paleIeIa kwa makgoeng bo ganetsana Ie tshiamo ya go phutha morafe. Go ya ka tlhaloso e e fa godimo go ma pepeneneng gore molwantshi wa tshiamo fa ke morafe 0 0 tletseng boitaolo. 2.5.2 Kgolagano ya baanelw3 Jaaka go setse go tlhalositswe fa godimo, (tsebe 26) kgolagano ya baanelwa e Iaolwa ke setlhogo. Go ya ka Mojalefa (1995:6) kgolagano e e supa ka fa baanelwa ba tshedisiwang Ie ka fa ba itshidisang ka teng. Groenewald (1993:11) Ie Mojalefa (1997:19) ba Iatela Ienaneo Ia tshekatsheko Ia kamano ya baanelwa e Ieng: .:. Tebaganyo .:. Bokgontshi .:. Bothusi .:. Boganetsi .:. Bothusegi Go ya go latelwa lenaneo Ie fa go sekasekwa leboko la ga Molefi Kgafela fela go tla etwa go tlhalosiwa dikakanyo tse di umakilweng fa godimo pele lenaneo Ie ka late1wa. •:. Tebaganyo Go ya ka Mojalefa moganediwa Ie (1997:20) moganetsi. tebaganyo Tebaganyo ke fa go lebantshwa e totile maikae1elo a moganediwa Ie moganetsi mme maikaelelo a, a lebagane Ie setlhogo. Lekganyane (1997 :23) 0 tswe1ela pele ka go re tebaganyo e, ke maikaele10 a moganediwa a batlang go a fitlhelela. Tebaganyo ya ga Molefi ke go phutha morafe. Fa Molefi a tsena mo setulong 0 amogelwa ke dikgoreletsi tsa mefutafuta tse di sitisang tsamaiso e e lolameng ya bogosi. batho ba ba boikobo mo motseng. Bangwe ba baagi ba tshwenyana Ie Bangwe ba ngongoregetse nlri ka bogosi ba ga Molefi, ba le1a ka gore Molefi 0 ba bolaisa tlala e bile 0 tlhokomela baeng go ba gaisa. Baagi bangwe ba tlogetse magae go leba kwa makgoeng mme ga ba sa tlhole ba batla go boe1a gae. Jaaka kgosi Ie moeteledipele phuthege •:. 0 0 tshwanetse go dira ka natla gore morafe wa gagwe 0 nne seoposengwe . Bokgontshi Kakanyo e e tlhalosiwa ke Mojalefa (1997:20) ka go re bokgontshi ke se se tlhotlheletsang Bokgontshi moanelwa go diragatsa maikaelelo a gagwe. go Ie gantsi bo lebagane Ie sengwe Ie sengwe se se akantsweng ke moanelwa, e ka nna lorato, botlhale, letlhoo kgotsa tshiamo. Seakanngwa ke sona se kgontshang moganediwa kgotsa moganetsi go diragatsa maikaelelo a gagwe. Molefi 0 kgontshwa ke botlhale go phutha morafe. Botlhale ba gagwe bo itshupa fa a direla morafe wa gagwe mmogo Ie baeng ka go lekalekana. Le fa go na Ie batho ba ba ngongoregang ka go re kgosi 0 direla batho ba merafe e sele go lekalekana Ie benggae, ke botlhale gonne ka go dira jalo, batho ba merafe e sele ba tla mo rata mme ba mo thusa go phutha morafe Molefi 0 0 0 phatlhaletseng. supa botlhale gape fa a etela magosi a mangwe kwa mafelong a sele go kopa maele a go busa. 0 etela bomalomaagwe ba e leng magosi a a setseng a na Ie kitso ya go busa go mo gakolola mme se se dira gore a kgone go phutha morafe. Molefi 0 Kwa ntle ga merafe e mengwe etela Ie borralekgotla go mo thusa ka dikgakololo. Motho aka se iphetse a Ie esi ka jalo ke botlhale go kopa maele mo bathong ba ba itseng botoka. Botlhale ba ga Molefi bo senolwa gape ke mekgwa ya segompieno ya thekenoloji. Tiriso ya tlhaeletsano ka mokgwa wa makwalo dithelekerama "go fophola matimela", e leng go kua makgwelwa Ie go supa botlhale bo bo kgontshang Molefi go phutha morafe wa gagwe. Mojalefa (1997:21) 0 tlhalosa bothusi ka go re ke sengwe Ie sengwe se se thusang moganediwa kgotsa moganetsi mo go se a ikaeletseng go se dira. E ka nna selo se moanelwa a se naganang kgotsa se se bonwang ka matlho. Ke gore bothusi bo lebagane Ie: (i) SeakanngwaIDiakanngwa (ii) MoanelwaIBaanelwa (iii) SelolDilo Diakanngwa: Tshiamo, Modimo, Badimo Molefi ke motho yo setShaba bona 0 0 0 siameng. 0 pelontle gonne fa a direla dira kwa ntle Ie kgethololo. Batlhanka Ie baeng Ie ba direla ka botswapelo ke ka moo go tweng 0 pelo e bile o fa ka oomabedi. Tshi~o e ya ga Molefi e dira gore a ratwe ke batho mme ba mo thuse mo maikaelelong a gagwe a go phutha morafe. Modimo Ie ena ke seakanngwa se se botlhokwa se go solofelwang gore se ka raraboioia bothata ba ga Molefi, ke ka moo Molefi a rapelang Modimo gore a mo tIhage thuso mo go phutheng morafe. Badimo ba ga Molefi e Ieng borraagwe Ie bona ba kopiwa go thusa ka go naya Molefi maatla mo mokgapheng wa gagwe wa go busa ka tolamo. Baanelwa: Mokgadi, Maribe, Lobakeng, Komisinara, Matshetshele a kgosing, Dikeme, Kgari, Batloung. Ke mongwe wa baagi yo mOthO yo 0 pelo yo 0 0 tlotIomatsang Molefi ka go re Molefi ke fang ka matsogo oomabedi a sa kgethoiole. Thoriso ya gagwe e na Ie bOthusi gonne e tletse mafoko a thotloetso a a dirang gore Molefi a fisegele go busa ka natla Ie go phutha morafe wa gagwe. - Maribe Ie Lobakeng Ke baagi ba kwa Monamakgotheng ba Molefi a neng a aga a ba etela. Bothusi ba bona bo tlhageIel~ fa ba naya Molefi maele a go busa. Maele a a thusa Molefi go phutha morafe. - Komisinara wa Kapa Ke moeteIedipeIe. Bothusi ba gagwe bo iponatsa fa a amogela makwalo Ie dithelekerama tse di tswang kwa go Molefi tse di ikuelang mo go ena gore a thuse go busa makgwelwa ka jalo maikaeIeIong a gagwe a go phutha morafe - 0 0 0 thusa Molefi mo phatlaletseng. Matshetshele a Kgosing Ke barongwa ba ga Molefi ba ba boikanyego ba ba itseng dikhutlhwana tsa ditoropo. Kitso ya bona ya ditoropo e dira gore Molefi a ba rome go batla makgwelwa ka jalo ba thusa Molefi go phutha morafe. Baanelwa ba ke borre ba Iekgotla ba ba neng ba dirisana Ie rraagwe Molefi pele a hulara. Bothusi ba bona bo iponagatsa fa ba gakoIoIa Molefi mabapi Ie go tlhokomela batsofe Ie bana ba ba fetogileng masiela mmogo Ie go ba biletsa ba ba kwa makgoeng dikgakoIoIo tse di kgontsha Molefi go phutha morafe. ka jalo Bona ke Batlhako, baanatlou ba e Ieng bomalomaagwe Molefi. Ka ntiha ya fa merafe e ne e nyalelana batho ba Ie bona ke magosi. Ba itumelela dimpho tse setlogolo se di ba nayang. Go itumeia ga bona go dira gore ba tshegetse Molefi mo maikaeleiong a gagwe ka jalo bothusi ba bona bo iponatsa fa ba mo ema nokeng mo go phutheng morafe. Dilo: Lekgotla, Manamakgotheng, Tlhakong, Dimpho, Dithelekerama Ie Makwalo Ke fa go tshwareIwal1g dipitso tsa morafe teng. Lekgotla Ie thusa kgosi go anya maele a tsamaiso ya bogosi Ie ka go bitsa dipitso tsa morafe go naya morafe melao e e tshwanetsweng go Iatelwa. Bothusi ba Iekgotla bo bonagaia gape fa Molefi a dira boikuelo mo morafeng 0 0 boikanyego go mmatlisa ba ba ileng Ie naga ka maikaeIeIo a go phutha morafe. Le ke Iefelo Ie Molefi a agang a Ie eteia go kopa dikgakoiolo tsa go busa. Kgosi 0 dirisa maele a a a antseng kwa Iefeiong Ie go phutha morafe wa gagwe. Ke kwa gaabomogolo a Molefi. Molefi 0 aga a isa dimpho kwa teng mme bomalome ba mo Ieboge ka maele a go tataisa Ie go phutha morafe. Ke dikgomo Ie dinku tse Molefi gaabomogolo jaaka masori. a tIhoiang a di romeia kwa Morago ga go di amogeia ba tiaia boitumelo ka jalo dimpho tse di ba rotIoetsa go thusa Molefi go phutha Morafe. Go tioga go sa belaetse gore dimpho ke bothusi ba ga Molefi. Dilo tse ke didiriswa tsa tIhaeIetsano tse di thusang kgosi go romeia melaetsa ya go bitsa makgwelwa ka jalo di thusa Molefi go phutha morafe 0 0 phatIhaietseng .. Kakanyo ya boganetsi e tlhalosiwa ke Mojalefa (1997:20) ka go re bo Iebagane Ie sengwe Ie sengwe se se thulanang Ie maikaeIeio moganediwa kgotsa moganetsi. Selo se e ka nna: (i) SeakanngwaIDiakanngwa (ii) MoaneIwaIBaanelwa (iii) SeiolDiio a Morafe wa ga Molefi tletse boitaolo. Kwa motseng ga go sa tlhole go 0 obamelwa molao wa kgosi, go tletsetlese ditshele Ie dingongorego tsa gore kgosi ga a tlhokomele morafe motse. 0 tlhokomela baeng go gaisa beng ba Ditshele tse, di dira gore baagi ba goge dinao mo go direleng morafe. Morafe Ie ona 0 o gadima kwa morago. faletse Ie mafelo a ditoropo lTIlnega 0 sa tlhole Go tlogetswe malapa a Ie IoIea, basadi ba fetogile mafetwa Ie bana ba fetogile masiela. Boitaolo bo ba morafe bo kgoreletsa Molefi mo maikaeIeIong a gagwe a go Baanelwa: 0 phutha. Bangongoregi, Banna, Basadi, Makau, Makgoa, Basadi ba ditoropo Ke baagi ba ba ngogoregang ka gore Molefi 0 direla baeng Ie batlhanka go gaisa benggae. Ba Iela ka gore kgosi ga a nne mo gae, go kopa melao kwa merafeng e sele mme ka jalo 0 0 tlhola aile ba bolaisa tlala. DitsheIe tsa bona di kgoreletsa tsamaiso e e Iolameng ya bogosi mme ka jalo di ganetsa Molefi go diragatsa maikaeIeIo a gagwe e Ieng go phutha morafe. Ke baagi ba ba tlogetseng me~se Ie malapa a bona go leba makgoeng. Ga ba sa tlhole ba batla go boela gae kwa ba tlogetseng bohutsana, tlala Ie bosiela teng. Go falala ga bona go ganetsana Ie maikaelelo a ga Molefi a go phutha morafe. Ba tlogile kwa gae ka maikaelelo a go ya go dira mme ba boe1e gae. Fa ba fitlha kwa ditoropong ba fitlha ba inyadisa basadi ba ditoropo mme se se dira gore makgarebe kwa gae e nne mafetwa. Go falala ga bona Ie naga go ganetsana Ie go phutha morafe ga Molefi. Makgoa a ganetsana Ie go phuthega ga morafe wa ga Molefi gonne ke ona a ngokang baagi ba motse go thologela kwa ditoropong. Fa ba goroga teng botshelo ba sekgoa bo ba lebatsa kwa ba tswang teng ka jalo ba thatafaletsa Molefi go phutha morafe gore 0 nne seopasengwe. Boganetsi ba bona bo tlhagelela fa ba tsena kgolagano ya makau Ie Kgosi Molefi ka bogare gore ba e koafatse gonne fa Kgosi e batla makau kwa gae basadi ba ditoropo bona ba ba lebatsa legae mme ba sitisa Molefi go phutha morafe. Ano ke mafelo a a gogelang morafe ka jalo morafe go ona.Mafelo ketefaletsang a, bogolosetona jaaka 0 falalla go leba kwa a phatIhaletse ke ona a Molefi tiro ya gagwe e e mo lebaneng ya go phutha morafe. Boganetsi ba madi Ie dithoto bo mo pepeneneng gonne fa baagi ba tIoga kwa motseng ba ya ditoropong ka maikaelelo a go direla madi gore ba tIe ba ikokoanyetse dithoto. Ke gore madi Ie dithoto ke dilo tse di tIosang batho kwa gae. Dilo tse di phatIhalatsa morafe mme ka jalo di ganetsana Ie maikaelelo a Kgosi a go 0 phutha. Mojalefa (1997 :22) a re botImsegi bo lebagane Ie moganediwa kgotsa moganetsi yo kwa bofelong a tIileng go nna mofenyi mo go se a fisegelang go se dira. Go thusega ga Molefi go senolwa ke meduduetso ya basadi ba mafetwa ba ba itumelelang go bona nyalo morago ga gore Molefi a phuthe morafe mme makau a boele gae. Kwa gaabomogoloa Molefi Ie gona go itumeletswe kgora. Boitumelo jo bo supa gore kwa bofelong kgosi e atlegile mo go phutheng morafe. Ka setso meduduetso Ie kgora di supa katlego, ke ka moo gee go sa belaetseng gore Molefi 0 atlegile mo go phutheng morafe. Banna, basadi Ie makau ba ganetsa Molefi go phutha morafe gonne ke bona ba ba tlogelang motse go leba kwa makgoeng kwa ba fitlhang ba itebatsa magae a bona. Ba phatlhalatsa morafe. Boitaolo bo aparatse banna, basadi Ie makau gonne ga ba sa tlhole ba batla go buswa. Boitaolo jo bo dira gore ba tlogele motse kwa go nang Ie molao mme ba lebe kwa metseng ya ditoropo kwa go se nang molao. Boitaolo bo ba kgontsha go sitisa Molefi go busa ka tolamo. Seakanngwa: Botshelo ba sekgoa Baganetsi ba tloga kwa gae go leba makgoeng ka tsholofelo ya go tshela botshelo jwa sekgoa jo bo botoka go gaisa ba kwa gae. Botshelo jo ke bona bo ba thusang go ganetsa kgosi mo maikae1eIong a gagwe a go phutha morafe. Baanelwa: Makgoa, basadi ba ditoropo, bangongoregi Makgoa ke ona a gogelang morafe kwa ditoropong ka ntlha ya fa ba na Ie ditiro tse ba ka di nayang batho ka jalo makgoa a thusa baganetsi go phatlhalala Ie naga go sitisa Kgosi go busa. Ke bona ba ngokang makau a ga Molefi Ie go ba Iebatsa Iegae. Kwa gae ba tlogeia makgarebe e Ie mafetwa mme se se thatafatsa puso ya ga Molefi. Basadi ba ba ditoropo ke bona ba rotloetsang go phatlaiaia ga morafe ka jalo ba thusa baganetsi ba ga Molefi ba ba mo ganetsang go phutha morafe wa gagwe. Ba tletse ditshe1e tsa go re kgosi ga e ba tlhokome1e sentle. Dipuo tsa bona di thusa gore batho ba se ke ba ikanya kgosi mme ba e phatlallele. Ntlha e, e ketefaletsa Molefi go busa ka tolamo Ie go phutha morafe wa gagwe. Dilo: Madi Ie diraka Madi ke kgogedi ya banna, basadi Ie makau. makgoeng ka maikaeIeio a go bona madi. Ba faialleia kwa Diraka ke dithotho tse baganetsi ba ba solofelang go di kokoanya morago ga gore ba iponele madi, ka jalo madi Ie diraka di thusa baganetsi go tlogela motse go leba kwa makgoeng. Seakanngwa: Botshelo ba setso Botshelo jwa setso bo lebagane Ie molao go gaIsa botshelo jwa setoropo. Le fa baganetsi ba Ie kwa makgoeng botshelo ba setso bo ba ganetsa go paIeIela koo, bo ba tlhoka kwa gae ka jalo botshelo bo bo kgatlhanong Ie maikaelelo a bona a go phatlaiala. Batsofe Ie masea ba tlogetswe ba bolawa ke tlala. Baanelwa ba ba tlhoka thuso ya banna Ie basadi ba ba paIeIetseng kwa makgoeng go tla go ba tlhokomeia ka jalo baanelwa ba ba ganetsana Ie makaeIeio a banna Ie basadi a go phatlhaiaia Ie naga. Mafetwa a tlhoka makau kwa gae gore ba tle ba nyaiwe. Makau a inyadisa basadi ba ditoropo ba ba senang mekgwa ya setho ka jalo basadi ba ba ba tlhokang kwa gae ba ba ganetsa go tsweletsa pele maikaelelo a bona a go paI.eIela kwa makgoeng. Selo: Motse Motse wa ga Molefi 0 tlogetswe 0 Ie Iolea. Kwa gae go tshwanetse ga nna makgotla, mapasa Ie matsholo a a tlhokang morafe mme Ie fa go Ie jalo banna, basadi Ie makau ba ineile ditoropo ba Iebala gore tau e senang seboka e siiwa ke none e tlhotsa. Motse motse 0 0 0 a ba tlhoka ka jalo ba ganetsa go tshela kwa makgoeng. Bothusegi ba baganetsi: Banna, basadi Ie makau Banna, basadi Ie makau ga ba thusege gonne kgosi 0 phutheng morafe ke ka moo go nang Ie meduduetso boitmnelo mo morafeng. atlega mo go e e supang Boitmnelo jo bo Ierwe ke go fela ga tlala bosiela Ie bofetwa. Se se supa gore baganetsi ga ba kgona go tsweletsa tebaganyo ya bona ya go phatlhalatsa morafe. Mo karolong e go sosobantswe ditiragalo tsa diteng tsa Ieboko Ia ga Molefi Kgafela ga ba ga newa Ie botIhokwa jwa tshosobanyo e. Go tlhalositswe gape Ie setlhogo sa Ieboko Ie. Mabapi Ie baanelwa go tlhalositswe kakanyo e baanelwa ga ba ga tlhalosiwa Ie mefuta ya baaneIwabagoIo e Ieng moganediwa Ie moganetsi mmogo Ie kamano ya bona Ie baanelwa ba bangwe. kamanong ya baaneIwabagoIo Se se botlhokwa se se Iemogilweng mo ke gore bothusi ba moganediwa ke boganetsi ba moganetsi fa bothusi ba moganetsi e Ie boganetsi ba moganediwa. Grobler (1989:246) Ie Malimabe (1998:13) ba tlhalosa ditiragalo ka go re ke tsotlhe tse di diragalelang baanelwa Ie mabaka a a di tlholang. Se se kaya gore ditiragalo di lebagane Ie baanelwa, ke ka moo Strachan (1988:7) a reng: 'n Gebeurtinis word veroorsak of ondergaan deur akteurs .... Mabapi Ie go lebagana ga ditiragalo Ie baanelwa, Mojalefa (1994:35), tlhalosa gore ditiragalo ke dilo tse baanelwa 0 ba di tlholang mo mabakeng a bona a botshelo. Strachan (1988:7) Ie Groenewald (1998:9) ba tsweledisa kgang e ya ditiragalo pele ka go re tsona ditiragalo tse di a latelana. Fa a gatelela tatelano eo Strachan are: Die gebeurtenisse in die geskiedenis volg uiteraad chronologies opmekaar (1988:7) Se se botlhokwa fa ke go re ditiragalo tsa diteng di lemogiwa fa di latelana. Go ya ka Mojalefa (1993:42) tatelano e e lebagane Ie phetogo ya dielemente tsa diteng. Go na Ie ditheo (principles) tse di rileng tse di lemosang mmuisi mo tiragalo nngwe Ie nngwe e simololang Ie mo e felelang teng. Letsatsi lengwe Ie lengwe Ie tletse ditiragalo tse di etang di fetoga jaaka go robala, go thanya, go tsoga, go tlhapa, go apara, go ja Ie go ya tirong. Ditiragalo tse tsa botshelo tsa Ietsatsi Iengwe Ie Iengwe ga se tsona tsotlhe tse di Iebaganeng Ie ditiragalo tsa sekwaiwa. Mo sekwaiweng go na Ie sengwe se mokwadi a se Iemogileng mo botsheiong mme ke sona se se tlileng go tlhalosiwa ka ntlha ya fa e Ie sona setheo sa ntlha se se Iemosang lnmuisi ditiragalo. Fa go sekasekiwa setlhogo sa Ieboko Ia ga Molefi Kgafela go Iemogiwa setlhogo e Ie: Go rorisiwa ga Molefi. Go ya ka Mojalefa (1993:43) ditiragalo di arogantswe ka dikarolo di Ie pedi e leng mefuta ya ditiragalo Ie ditiragalo ka botsona ka jalo ditiragalo tsa Ieboko Ie, di tla arolwa ka dikarolo tse pedi tse e Ieng mefuta ya ditiragalo Ie ditiragalo ka botsona. Mefuta ya ditiragalo e tlhalosiwa ke Mojalefa (1997:9) ka gore ke yona dintlha tse dikgolo tse di bopang kanelo mme mefuta e e laolwa ke setlhogo. Go tia lebelelwa mefuta ya ditiragalo go lebilwe setlhogo sa Ieboko e Ieng: Go rorisiwa ga Molefi. Fa Molefi a apara nkwe 0 senoIeIwa boitaolo jo bo leng teng mo motseng. Boitaolo bo bo tlholwa ke baagi ba ba tshwenyanang Ie baagi ba ba boikobo ba ba dirang ditiro tsa tlwaelo tsa morafe. Bangwe ba ngongorega ka tsamaiso ya bogosi mme ditshele tsa bona di dira gore Ie batho ba ba boikobo ba ikgogele morago mo go direleng setshaba. Baagi bangwe ba itaola ka go hularela motse ba leba makgoeng kwa ba palelelang teng mme kwa gae ba tlogetse masetlapelo. Ditiragalo tse tsa boitaolo ke ditiragalo tse di botlhokwa tse di amang tsamaiso ya bogosi gonne di ketefaletsa Molefi go busa Ie go phutha morafe . •:. Molefi DitiragaIo tsa ka fa gare 0 tsena mo bogosing a itse sentle gore go na Ie mathata a a mo Iebaneng. 0 Iebanwe ke namane e tona ya tiro ya go sireletsa morafe kgatlhanong Ie boitaolo. 0 tshwanetse go fedisa ditiro tsa bonIkutlhi Ie dipuopuo tsa baagi ba motse tsa gore ga a tlhokomele morafe, tletsetletse naga a kopa maele mme ba lebala gore 0 0 tlhola a dira jalo ka maikaeIeIo a go ngoka kemonokeng ya merafe esele mo go phutheng morafe wa gagwe. Molefi 0 Iebanwe gape ke mathata a go tlhokomela batsofe Ie masea a a phuagantsweng ke baagi ba ba. ileng kwa ditoropong. 0 Iebanwe ke go fedisa tlala e e aparetseng setShaba. o dirisa mekgwa e e farologaneng go phutha morafe wa gagwe. 0 kopa maele mo go bomalomaagwe Ie mo go borre ba lekgotla go mo thusa go rarabolola mathata a. 0 rapela Ie badimo ba gagwe gore ba thuse ba nese Ie pula gore morafe 0 se ke wa nyelediwa ke tlala. Kgosi 0 romela Ie batho ba ba itseng dikhutlhwana tsa ditoropo go mmatlisa makgwelwa. Ka mokgwa 0 mathata a namileng ka teng Molefi seeng go phutha morafe. dirisa Ie mekgwa ya 0 kwala makwalo Ie dithelekeramo tse ka tsona a kopang komisinara wa kwa Kapa gore a mo thuse mo mokgapheng wa gagwe wa go batlana Ie morafe •:. 0 0 0 phatlhaletseng . Ditiragalo tsa bofelo Go atlega mo go phutheng morafe. Basadi ba simolola go duduetsa. Ka setso meduduetso e supa boitumelo mme se se supa gore kwa bokhutlong Molefi 0 atlegile mo go phutheng morafe. Basadi ba ba neng ba fetogile mafetwa ba itume1ela go tloga ba bona nyalo. Tlala Ie yone e fedile e bile batho ba Iebile dijo fe1a ka matlho ka ntlha ya fa e Ie ntletsentletse. Fa morafe 0 phuthegile, bofetwa, bosiela Ie tlala di a fe1a. Go ka sosobanngwa ka go re mefuta e meraro e e mnakilweng fa godimo ya ditiragalo ke yona e Ieboko Ia ga Molefi Kgafela Ie theilweng mo godimo ga yona mme e bile mefuta e e Iaolwa ke setlhogo. Ka ntlha ya fa mofuta mongwe Ie mongwe tsa ona, go tlile go Iebe1elwa ditiragalo tseo ka botsona. 0 na Ie ditiragalo Go tla inolwa dikao di se kae fela tsa ditiragalo go tswa mo mofuteng mongwe Ie mongwe wa ditiragalo. Tsona ke: Ditiragalo tsa ntlha .:. Ditiragalo tse di amang mofuta 0 ke tse di mmalwa go gaisa ditiragalo tsa ka fa gare gonne tsona ke tshimologo ya leboko. Tsona ke tse di latelang: - Baagi bangwe ba iphetotse dilalome tse di kgoreletsang batho ba ba boikanyego go dira ditiro tsa tlwaelo tsa morafe. - Bangwe ba ikgogela morago mo go tshegetseng bogosi ka ntlha ya ditsheIe - Bangwe ba hularela Iegae mme makgarebe a tlhoka nyalo fa batsofe Ie masea ba bolawa ke tlala. Ditiragalo tse di ama mmele wa Ieboko Ie ka jalo tsona di dintsi go gaisa ditiragalo tsa ntlha Ie tsa bofelo. Tsona ke tse di Iatelang: Kgosi 0 kopa maele mo go ba bagoio. Kgosi fepa merafe esele gore ba tIe ba kgone go mo thusa mo 0 mathateng. Kgosi 0 romela baabomogolo dimpho mme ka go dira jalo 0 ikokoanyetsa matlhogonolo. Kgosi 0 rapela badimo ba gagwe. Kgosi 0 romela baitse ditoropo go mmatlisa morafe. Kgosi 0 kwalela komisinara makwalo go mo kopa thuso ya go phutha morafe . •:. Ditiragalo tsa bofelo Go atlega mo go phutheng morafe. Le tsona ditiragalo tse, fela jaaka tsa ntlha ga di dintsi jaaka tsa fa gare ka ntlha ya fa tsona di ama bokhutlo jwa Ieboko. Ditiragalo tseo di a Iatela. - Makgarebe a a duduetsa - Basadi ba anega ngati - TIaIa Ie bofetwa di a fela Se se botlhokwa se se Iemogiwang fa ke gore ditiragalo tse di a Iatelana mme jaaka go setse go tlhalositswe tatelano e e Iebagane Ie phetogo. Jaanong go tla Iebelelwa phetogo e jaaka e tlholwa ke dielemente tsa diteng e Ieng baanelwa, nako Ie lefelo tsa Ieboko Ie Ie sekasekiwang. 2.7.3 Phetogo ya baanelwa Fa Molefi a tsena mo setiiong 0 amogelwa ke ditiragalo tsa boitaolo mo motseng. Ditiragalo tse di Iebagane Ie baanelwa ba e Ieng batho fela ba motse. Baanelwa ba ba tshwenyana Ie matshelo a batho ba ba boikobo mo motseng. Bangwe ba ngongoregeia tsamaiso ya bogosi fa bangwe ba ngwegela kwa ditoropong. Molefi 0 Morago ga go tlhomiwa mo setiiong, simoioia go busa. Go Iemogiwa ditiragalo tse di fetogang e Ieng: 1. Tiragalo ya boitaolo Ie 2. tiragalo ya go phutha morafe. Tiragalo ya boitaoIo, e e Ieng .tiragalo ya ntlha e e Iebaganeng Ie batho ba motse, e fela fa go tlhageIeia tiragalo ya bobedi ya go bus a e e Iebaganeng Ie Molefi gonne fa Molefi a simoioia go busa 0 itebaganya Ie go fedisa boitaolo ka maikaelelo a go phutha morafe. Ke gore tiragalo 1 e fetoga tiragalo 2. Fa Molefi a tlhomiwa mo setilong sa bogosi go tsaya nako e e ka nnang letsatsi go mo laya Ie go mo Iemosa se se diragalang mo motseng. Ka letsatsi Ie Ie latelang 0 simoloia go busa. Fa go IebeIeIwa kakaretso ya ditiragalo tse di umakilweng fa godimo go Iemogiwa mefuta e mebedi ya ditiragalo tse di diragalang mo dinakong tse di farologaneng e Ieng: 1. Tiragalo ya go tIhomiwa mo bogosing e e ka tsayang nako ya Ietsatsi Ie 2. tiragalo ya go busa e e simoIoIang go diragala mo Ietsatsing Ie Ie Iatelang. Tiragalo ya 1 ya go tlhomiwa mo bogosing e a fela mme go Iatela tiragalo ya 2 ya go busa. Phetogo e e Iebagane Ie nako gonne ditiragalo tse di diragala mo dinakong tse di farologaneng e Ieng Ietsatsi Ia ntlha Ia go tlhomiwa mo bogosing Ie Ietsatsi Ie Ie Iatelang Ia go simoIoIa go busa. Molefi 0 Iaiwa kwa kgotleng, e Ieng kwa mosate. Iemosiwa se se diragalang Molefi 0 Morago ga go simoIoIa go etela mafelo a mangwe jaaka ManamakgotheIlg go kopa dikgakoIoIo tsa go busa. Tshosobanyo e e fa godimo e Iemosa ditiragalo tse di diragalang mo mafelong a a farologaneng: 1. Tiragalo ya go tlhomiwa Ie go Iaiwa kwa kgotleng kgotsa kwamosate. 2. Tiragalo ya go kopa maele kwa mafelong mangwe jaaka Manamakgotheng. Se se botlhokwa fa ke gore tiragalo ya go tIhomiwa Ie go Iaiwa e diragala kwa Iefelong Ia ntlha (1) e Ieng mosate mme fa Molefi a sena go Iemosiwa mathata a a mo motseng go Iatela tiragalo ya go kopa mae1e e jaanong e fetelang kwa Iefelong Ie Iengwe Ie Ie tshwanang Ie Manamakgotheng Ie e Ieng Iefelo Ia bobedi (2). Go ka sosobanngwa ka gore fa go buiwa ka ditiragalo go Iemogiwa gore o ke tsotIhe tse di diragalelang baanelwa mme di a Iatelana. NtIha nngwe gape e e botlhokwa ke go re ditiragalo di arogantswe ka dikarolo di Ie pedi e Ieng mefuta ya ditiragalo Ie ditiragalo ka botsona. Mefuta ya ditiragalo tsa Ieboko Ia ga Molefi Kgafela ke e meraro e leng mofuta wa ditiragalo tsa ntlha, tsa ka fa gare Ie tsa bofelo. Ditiragalo ka botsona ke boitaolo ba morafe. go busa Ie go atIega mo go buseng. Go lemogilwe gape gore ditiragalo di eta di fetoga mme phetogo eo e Iebane Ie dielemente tsa diteng e Ieng baanelwa, nako Ie lefelo. Tikologo e akaretsa nako Ie Iefe10 ka jalo tshekatsheko e e tIa Iate1a tlhalosa ya bateori mabapi Ie nako Ie Iefelo. Go ya ka Shole Ie ba bangwe .(1988:42) nako ke motlha 0 ditiragalo di diragalang mo go ona. Di ka tswa di diragetse mo nakong ya gompieno kgotsa mo nakong e e rileng e e fetileng. Fa a tswe1edisa kakanyo e pele Mojalefa (1993:64) are ditiragalo tse di diragala ka go Iatelana go tIoga mo nakong e e fetileng, go fitIha mo nakong ya jaanong, go tsene1ela mo nakong e e tIang. Marggraff(1994:64) a reng: Ke ka moo Time is considered as the order III which happenings are presented. Se se botlhokwa se se gatelelwang fa ke gore nako e Iaola tatelano ya ditiragalo ka jalo e botlhokwa mo sekwalweng. Go ya ka Rimmon-Kenan (1983:44) Ie Toolan (1988:48) nako ga e a ema felo go Ie gongwe e a fetoga. Go ka twe nako ke Iebaka Ie Ie Iemosang mmuisi wa sekwalwa go Iatelana Ie go fetoga ga ditiragalo go tloga mo nakong e e fetileng, go kgabaganya nako ya gompieno go fitlha mo nakong e e tlang. Mabapi Ie mefllta ya nako,' Gerard (1980:3) Strachan (1988:5) Ie Marggraff (1994:63) ba tlhalosa fa nako e arogantswe ka mefuta e Ie mebedi e Ieng nako ya boaneledi (narratology) Ie nako ya ditiragalo (history) fa Lebaka (1999:46) ena a kgoaganya nako ka dikarolwana tse tharo e Ieng nako ya ditiragalo, nako ya tsa Ioago Ie nako e e rileng. Tshekatsheko e e tla itebaganya Ie mefuta e meraro ya nako e Ieng nako ya ditiragalo, nako ya tsa Ioago Ie nako e e rileng. Go ya ka Mojalefa (1995 :26)' nako ya ditiragalo ke nako e e nang Ie tshimologo Ie bokhutlo jaaka kgwedi, Ietsatsi, beke Ie ura. Magapa (1997:6) a re nako e e kgona go Iekanngwa, ke gore go itsiwe gore e simolola leng Ie gore e khutla leng. Go a itsiwe gore kgwedi e simolola leng Ie gore e fela leng . •:. Nako ya tsa loago Senldu (1995: 71- 73) 0 tlhalo~a gore nako ya tsa loago ke nako e e tsweledisang Ie go fetola seemo sa dilo. Ka mofuta 0 wa nako go lemogiwa se se diragalang Ie se se ka diragalang morago ga fao e bile nako e e tlhagisa dikgang ka botlalo mabapi Ie tikologo e e rileng e e fetogang Ie mabaka . •:. Nako e e rileng Nako e e rileng e tlhalosiwa ke Mojalefa (1997:26) ka go re ke nako e e se nang tshimologo Ie bokhutlo jaaka nako ya bosigo, motshegare, Ie nako ya mariga Ie selemo. Nako e ke e e akanngwang e go sa itsiweng gore sentlentle e simolola leng, e fela leng. Fa go tsewa sekao sa mariga ga go itsiwe gore sentlentle mariga a simolola leng e bile a fela leng. Go tla sosobanngwa mefuta e ya nako go ya ka lenaneo Ie Ie latelang: Nako ya ditiragalo Nako ya tsa loago E na Ie tshimologo Ie E fetola tsweledisa bokhutlo Ie seemo Nako e e rileng go Ga e na tshimologo sa Ie bokhutlo dilo Ga se nako e e E kgona go bontsha se Ke nako e e ikakanyediwang se ka diragalang kwa akanngwang pele . bosigo jaaka kgotsa manga Mo patlisisong e go tlile go lebelelwa mefuta ya nako e e leng teng mo lebokong la ga Molefi Kgafela. Go lemogilwe fa mofuta wa nako ya ditiragalo 0 sa tlhagelele mo lebokong Ie ka jalo tshekatsheko e e tla lebelela mefuta e mebedi ya nako e leng nako ya tsa loago Ie nako e e rileng. Go tla lebelelwa dinopolo tse di latelang go tswa mo lebokong: 40. Batla matimela, ngwana a Makuka, 41. matimela abatho oagorose, 42. oetse dikgomo otswa go dibatla 43. Obafophole kaditelekeraga. 52. Bangwe basadi batlogetse banna, 53. batlogetse banna bababatlile~ 54. gosale gotwe baile dirakeng, 55. baile, Ie tsona gabadigorose~ 63. Makau apaletse kwaMol ithekeniki Dipharologantsho Ijtheteletso Ribolotsa , • Go setse go tlhalositswe gore pheteletso e Iebagane Ie kgateIeIo ya maano a selo kal go se oketsa (tsebe 112). Mo moleng 0 go buiwa ka go ribolotsa menwana go go rayang gore batho e a re go kgopiwa ke matlapa menwarta ya bona e kumuge mo dinaong tsa bona. Lefoko Ie Ie feteleditsweng fa ke kgopiwa gonne mokwadi 0 Ie oketsa ka go dirisa Iefoko Ie Iengwe e Ieng ribolotsa mo boemong jwa Iona ka maikaelelo a go godisa tiragalo e. Thekeniki e ya pheteletso e dirisiwa go gateIeIa ditiro tse di bosula tse di dirwang ke moralfe 0 0 sa ikobeleng molao wa kgosi. Go ka akarediwt1Lka gore mo moleng 0 mokwadi 0 dirisitse thekeniki Ie pharologantsho e Ie nngwe e Ieng pheteletso (ribolotsa) ka maikaeIeIo a go gatelela bosula bo bo tshwanetseng go fedisiswa ke Molefi. Ka jalo thekeniki e e botIhokwa gonne e Iebagane Ie maikutlo a a renang e Ieng go Iaiwa ga MoI~fi mabapi Ie go phutha morafe. Dithekeniki Dipharologantsho Leele gotshela Fa a tlhalosa kakanyo e ya leele Cuddon (1991:321) are ke: A fonn of expression, contnlCation or phase peculiar to a language and often possessing a meaning other than its grammatical or logical one. Se se tlhalosiwang fa ke go re leele ke polelwana e e nang Ie tlhaloso e e sa tsamaelelaneng Ie popego ya yona. Ke gore ka leele go dirisiwa puo e e bofitlha e e sa tlwaelegang. Puo e e dirisitsweng fa e leng gotshela ga se puo ya metlheng e e tlwaelegileng. Ke puo e e bofitlha gonne gotshela kakwakgosing go kaya go itshupa boikanyego k~ go amogela melao ya kgotla. Ka jalo go ka twe mokwadi 0 dirisitse puo e e sa tlwaelegang ya lee1e fa. Go dirisitswe thekeniki e ya leele go lemosa mmuisi ntlha e e botlhokwa, e leng go etela ga morafe kwa kgosing Ie go amogelwa melao ya setho. Ka jalo thekeniki e e botlhokwa gonne e gatelela botlhokwa ba go it.shupa boikanyego ga morafe mo kgosing, yona ntlha e e botlhokwa mo go laiweng ga Molefi. Go ka akarediwa ka go re mo moleng 0 mokwadi 0 dirisitse thekeniki Ie pharologantsho e Ie nngwe fe1a e leng ya leele (go tshela). Thekeniki e e botlhokwa gonne e lebagane Ie boikanyego ba morafe mo kgosing. E ke yona ntlha e e godisang mowa 00 renang wa go laiwa ga Molefi. Fa go ne go sekasekiwa setae1e go umakilwe fa setaele se lebagane Ie puo ya mokwadi e e tsosolosang maikutlo a a rileng mo mmuising. Go lebilwe setaele fa se lebagane Ie thulaganyo Ie diteng mme ga lemogiwa bothata jo mosekaseki a ka kopanang Ie bona fa a ka leka go sekaseka sekwalwa sotlhe ka jalo ga tlhophiwa mela e Ie merataro e e lebaganeng Ie thitokgang ya leboko la ga Molefi Kgafela. Go sekasekilwe kakanyo ya thekeniki mme ga tlhalosiwa fa thekeniki e Ie mokgwa dikarolwana 0 mokwadi a 0 dirisang go tlisa kamano mo magareng ga tsa puo mo sekwalweng. Fa go ne go tlhalosiwa pharologantsho go kailwe fa e Ie karolo e nnye ya polelo e e dirisiwang go tsweledisa setaele pele. Go lemogilwe fa go dirisitswe dithekeniki di Ie lesome Ie boraro mo meleng e e tlhophilweng ya leboko. kgakgamalo, puisano, modirisokeletso, modirisotaelo, Tsona ke thekeniki ya tebelelo, kemedi, tlaleletso, tlogelo, tshwantshiso, nyenyefatso, sekai, pheteletso Ie leele. Thekeniki e e dirisitsweng thata (gararo) go gaisa tse dingwe ke ya tIogeIo gonne e tshegetsa maikutlo a a renang e Ieng a go Iaiwa ga Molefi. Le fa go Ie jaIo, dithekeniki tsotIhe di botlhokwa ka ntIha ya fa di Iebagane Ie molaetsa wa Ieboko e Ieng go phutha morafe. Mo kgaolong e go tla tlhalosiwa metara go etswe tlhoko dikarolo tsa metara.. Go tla lebelelwa metara wa mela e Ie merataro ya leboko la Molefi Kgafela go tlhokometswe melao e mebedi ya metara e leng molao wa kgaoganyo Ie molao wa kutlwano. Fa go sekasekwa molao wa kgaoganyo go tla lebelelwa sesura go be go latela lenaneo Ie Ie amang kgaotso ya kgaoganyo Ie enjambamente Ie ka fa molao 0 0 dirisitsweng ka teng mo meleng ya leboko Ie. Molao wa kutlwano ona thutapuo. 0 tla ama poe1etso, kutlwano ya ditlhaloso Ie Go tla lebe1e1wa ka fa molao wa kutlwano 0 dirisitsweng ka teng mo meleng ya leboko. Mojalefa (1995:19) 0 tlhalosa metara 0 arogantswe ka mefuta e mebedi e leng (a) dikarolo tsa mofuta wa puo Ie (b) dikarolo tsa mofuta wa poko. Mojalefa 0 tswelela pele gona mo tsebeng ya 19 ka go re fa go lebelelwa puo mo pokong, go tlhokomelwe gore poko e tshwanetse go nna Ie lefoko (word), sekapolelo (phrase) Ie polelo (sentence). Tse ke dikarolo tsa puo tse di botlhokwa. Fa a tshegetsa ntlha e Groenewald (1995:3) a re noko (syllable) ga se karolo ya puo, ke karolwana ya lefoko. A re poko e totile pole1o e Ie nngwe jaaka diane dingwe tse di theilweng mo godimo ga metara. Dikao tsa diane tse di tla newa fa go sekasekwa melao ya metara. Mojalefa (1995: 19) a re mo pokong go na Ie karolo ya metara (hemistich), molatheto (metrical line) tematheto (stanza) Ie leboko (poem). Karolo e kgolo mo metareng ke leboko fa e nnye e Ie karolo ya metara. Karolo ya metara, molatheto, tematheto Ie leboko di bopa poko ka kakaretso. A re ntlha nngwe e e botlhokwa ke gore molatheto, ternatheio, Ie leboko di bidiwa dikarolo tsa puo tse di ikemetseng ka botsona tsa metara. Groenewald (1996:56) a re mo gare ga dikarolo tsa metara tse di ikemetseng ka botsona go na Ie tse di nang Ie kwelano (coincidence) mme ka fa letlhakoreng Ie lengwe molatheto 0 ka kaiwa e Ie karolo e e botlhokwatlhokwa ya metara gonne e tshwanetse go nna Ie molatheto nunogo Ie karolo ya metara. Groenewald (1993:34) 0 tswelela pele ka go re mo metareng go lebilwe thulaganyo ya dielemente tsa poko jaaka poeletso ya medumo Ie segalo. Saporta (Seboek 1960:237) a re tsona dielemente tse ke dipharogantsho tsa thutapuo tse di ipoeletsang fa Damane Ie Sanders (1974: 173) bona ba btla ka poeletso ya makaelogongwe. Groenewald (1993:33-35) 0 gare1a ka go re metara ke thulaganyo ya dikarolo tsa puo mme yona thulaganyo e e laolwa ke melao e mebedi. ya metara e leng molao wa kgaoganyo Ie molao wa kutlwano. Melao e mebedi e e tla tlhalosiwa fa go sekasekwa metara wa leboko Ie Ia ga Molefi Kgafela. 5.5 TSHEKATSHEKO YA METARA WA LEBOKO LA GA MOLEFI KGAFELA Tiro e kgolo ya tshekatsheko e ke go netefatsa gore se mokwadi a se kwadileng e Ieng sebopego sa mokwalo se tsweletsa metara pele. Jaaka go setse go tlhalositswe (tsebe 133) metara 0 nl1aganngwa ga dikarolo tsa puo. Mojalefa (1995:50) puo e kwaiwa mmoki 0 tsamaisana Ie go 0 tlhalosa gore fa tshwantsha metara ka mokwalo. nngwe e e botlhokwa ke gore metara A re ntlha e ka Iemogiwa ka tsebe (go 0 utlwiwa). Go tla Iemogiwa gore mo mabokong a bogoiogolo go ne go se na mokwalo mme Ie fa go Ie jalo maboko ao a ne a na Ie metara. Metara wa ona 0 bonagatswa ke melao ya metara e e dirisitsweng go nl1aganya dikarolo tsa puo. Se se raya gore maboko a segoiogolo ke a a Iebaganeng Ie tlhaloso ya Iefoko gore metara 0 Iemogege ka go reediwa. Ke ka moo Groenewaid (1993:38) a tshegetsang ntlha e ka go re metara ga 0 Iaolwe ke mokwalo fela, mme Ie fa go Ie jalo mokwalo ke ona thusang thata fa tweng mokwalo 0 0 Iebagane Ie thulaganyo ya metara. Ke ka moo go ka 0 tiisa metara thata fa maboko a bogoiogolo a kokoanngwa ka mokgwa wa go kwaiwa. Mo mabokong a segompieno metara wa Ieboko (go buisa) fa mo mabokong a segoiogolo 0 0 Iemogiwa ka matlho Iemogiwa ka go reediwa fela. MaikaeIeio a bakwadi ba maboko a segompieno ke go dira gore baboki ba dirise mokwalo go tshwantsha metara. botlhokwa ke go re mokwalo 0 wa bona 0 Ntlha e nngwe gape e e gateIeia dikakanyo tsa bona. Fa maatla a metara a fokotsega, metara buiwa ka metara 0 0 0 atameia kanedi, mme go be go sa lokologang. Fa go lebelelwa leboko Ie Ie sekasekiwang e leng Molefi Kgafela go tla lemogiwa gore ga se leboko Ie go ka tweng ke la segologolo gotlhelele gonne Ie lebagane Ie mokwalo s~gompieno. 0 e leng ona sediriswa (instnlment) sa Ke gore leboko Ie, Ie lebagane Ie go kwalwa go gaisa go reetswa. Fa go sekasekwa leboko la mofuta 0, sebopego sa mokwalo wa lona se tshwanetse go tlhokomelwa thata. Ntlha e e raya gore mokwalo wa teng 0 tshwanetse go bonwa ka matlho, ka jalo tshekatsheko ya metara wa leboko Ie la ga Molefi Kgafela e tla dirwa go lebeletswe mokgwa wa go kwala. Go tla lemogiwa gape gore mokwalo wa leboko Ie ga se wa porosa gonne ka kakaretso sebopego sa lona se tlhagelela e Ie sa metara. Maikaelelo a magolo a tlhotlhomiso e ga se go sekaseka metara wa leboko lotlhe gonne tlhaloso ya tshekatsheko ya leboko Ie e ka tla ya phatlhalala thata. Ka jalo go tla sekasekwa metara wa leboko Ie go ya ka mela e Ie merataro e e setseng e tlhophilwe e leng: 7. Molefi, feela motse matlakala, 8. banna batsamaye mogophep~ 9. Okate mesina oehupelle~ 10. lematlapa athubywe, arekgopa, 11. alala areribolotsa menwana, 12. ge reya gotshela kakwaKgosing. Metara wa mela e 0 tla sekasekiwa go tlhokometswe melao e mebedi ya metara e leng molao wa kgaoganyo Ie molao wa kutlwano. Mojalefa (1995:53) a re molao 0 mogolo wa ntlha wa metara ke wa kgaoganyo. 0 tswelela pele ka go tlhalosa gore kgaoganyo eo e lebagane Ie mo go leng kgaotso, e a e bitsang sesura, se se kgaoganyang dikarolo tsa metara. A re molawana 0 ke wa pateletso. metara mo sesura se senyang metara teng. Molawana 0 0 tiisa Le fa go Ie jalo sesura se botlhokwa ka ntlha ya fa se tiisa go ikemela ka bonosi ga dikarolo tsa metara mme ka ntlha ya se metara mongwe. 0 lebagane Ie molatheto mongwe Ie Fa e Ie poko, melatheto eo e ka utlwana ka ntlha ya go re molatheto mongwe Ie mongwe ke lerefosi la metara. Fa a tlhalosa sesura Grammont (1960: 43) a re se dirisiwa jaaka molelwane wa boammaanlri mo go rileng mo molathetong. gore molelwane 0, 0 Brown (1966: 137) 0 tiile fela ga 0 0 tlhalosa bontshe bokhutlo jaaka kgaotso e dira. gatelela gore sesura ga se beiwe gongwe Ie gongwe fa mmoki a ratang teng ka gOllile se na Ie mosola a 0 rileng ma pakong. Go ka twe sesura se lebagane Ie kgaotso ya metara. Kgaotsa e e tlhagelela mo meleng ya 7 Ie 8 Ie ya 11 Ie 12 ma lebakong la Molefi Kgafela. Sesura se na Ie ditiro tse di Iatelang tse di botlhokwa: - Se aroganya dikarolo tsa metara - Se golaganya dikarolo tsa metara - Se golaganya Ie go aroganya dikarolo tsa metara Lenaneo Ie Ie tlileng go Iatelwa fa go sekasekwa molao wa kgaogano fa o Iebagane Ie meia ya Ieboko ke Ie: Go na Ie mefuta e Ie mebedi ya dikgaotso tsa kgaoganyo e e Iebaganeng Ie: (a) dipolelo tse di ikemetseng ka botsona tse di se nang dikarolo tsa metara Ie (b) dipoielo tse di sa ikemelang ka botsona tse di nang Ie dikarolo tsa metara Go tla flhokomelwa gore mo meleng e Ie merataro e e tlhophilweng go akarediwa Ie mela ya Ieboko IotIhe, ga go na poielo e e senang dikarolo tsa metara ka jalo karolwana e ga e kitla e sekasekiwa mo patlisisong e. Dipolelo tse di nang Ie dikarolo tsa metara Go tla lebelelwa gape mela e e itlhophetsweng ya Ieboko. 7. Molefi, feela motse matlakala, 8.. banna batsamaye mogophep~ 9. Okate mesima oehupelle; 10. lematlapa athubywe, arekgopa, 11. alala areribolotsa menwana, 12. ge reya gotshe1a kakwakgosing. Dipolelo tsotlhe tsa mela e e tlhophilweng ya Ieboko Ie di angwa ke dikgaotso. Le fa go Ie jalo go na Ie dikgaotso dingwe tse di batlang go elwa tlhoko. Tsona di fitlhelwa mo meleng ya 7 Ie 10 e e reng: (7). Molefi feela motse matlakaIa, (8) lematlapa athubywe, arekgopa, Dikgaotso tse di leng mo meleng e ga di Iekane ka boIee1e e bile ga di na tiro e e lekanang ya metara. Dikgaotso tse, e leng kgaotso e e leng fa gare ga Molefi Ie feela Ie e e leng mo magareng ga athubywe Ie arekgopa ga di amane ka gope Ie molao wa kgaoganyo ya metara gonne tiro ya tsona ga se go kgaoganya dikarolo tsa metara. Tsona di lebagane Ie kgatelelo (emphasis) mo melathetong e. Ka jalo go ka twe dikgaotso tse ga di amane Ie mola 0 0 lokologileng wa melatheto e. Fa a tIhalosa enjambamente Serudu (1989:26) (flow) ga kakanyo mo me1apeding (duplets). 0 bua gore ke go ele1a Ke gore go tIoga mo moleng wa ntIha go ya go wa bobedi, gona fao go be go nna Ie kgaotso e nnye kwa bofelong ba mola enjambamente e lebagane 00. Se se gatelelwang fa ke go re Ie molatheto 0 0 senang dikgaotso. Groenewald (1993 :36) a re tiro e kgolo ya enjambamente ke go fokotsa maatla a molao wa metara. Fa go elwa tlhoko me1a e merataro e e tlhophilweng ya leboko go tIa lemogiwa gore ga go a dirisiwa enjambamente. Go lemogiwa fa mela yotIhe ya leboko Ie e dirisitse 'kgaotso jaaka sediriswa sa metara e seng enjambamente. Ka jalo tshekatsheko e ga e kitla e ama enjambamente. Go ka sosobanngwa ka go re molao wa kgaoganyo 0 lebagane Ie go kgaoganngwa ga metara ka dikarolo tse pedi kgotsa go feta. sekasekwa molao wa kgaoganyo go botIhokwa go Fa go tIhokomela dipharologantsho tse pedi tsa metara, e leng kgaotso Ie enjambamente. Mo lebokong la ga Molefi Kgafela mmoki 0 dirisitse dikgaotso mme Ie fa go Ie jalo go na Ie dikgaotso dingwe tse di sa amaneng ka gope Ie molao wa kgaoganyo tiline di lebagane fela Ie go gatelela mo melathetong ya leboko. Mojalefa (1995:22-23) 0 tIhalosa gore fa polelwana e kgaoganngwa e tshwanetse go nna Ie diripa tse pedi kgotsa go feta tse di tshwanang kgotsa tse di boelediwang. Diripa tseo di bidiwa dikarolo tsa metara fa fe1a di golaganngwa ke molao wa kutlwano. Go ya ka De Groot (1946:321) molatheto mongwe Ie mongwe go tloga kwa tshimologong go ya kwa bokhutlong, 0 bopilwe ka dipaka di Ie Imnalwa, go Ie gantsi di Ie pedi tse di nang Ie dinoko tse di lekalekanang. Le gale ga se melatheto yotlhe e e lekanang ka dinoko lIDne se ga se reye gore melatheto eo ga e na metara. Ntlha e nngwe e e botlhokwa ke gore fa molatheto tsotlhe tsa metara go buiwa fa molatheto molatheto 0 00 0 0 na Ie ditlhokego na Ie metara 0 0 se na ditlhokego tseo, gona go ka twe mola metara, mme fa mola 00 0 se na metara go raya gore mola 00 tiileng. Fa 00 ga 0 na ga se poko. Fa go tsewa puo e e seng poko mo Setswaneng go fitlhelwa e Ie gore diane ke tsona di theilweng mo godimo ga metara. Go tla tsewa dikao di Ie tharo fela tsa diane mme pele go ka dirwa jalo go tla elwa tlhoko matshwao a a late1ang: Letshwao la (I) Ie dirisiwa go eme1a kgaotso e nnye Letshwao la (/1) Ie dirisiwa go eme1a kgaotso e tona Letshwao la (-) Ie dirisiwa go kgaoganya palo ya dinoko Letshwao la (:) Ie dirisiwa go emela ditlhoa tsa moribo Diane di a latela: Maropeng go a boelwalgo sa boelweng ke tengll Kgobokgobo e a ikgobokanyetsal phatlaphatla e a iphatlalaletsall Kgomo mogobengfe wetswa ke namanell Jaanong go tla netefatswa gore a diane tse di na Ie metara kgotsa nnyaa. Ma-ro-pe-ng-go-a-bo-e-Iwal go-sa-bo-e-Iwe-ng-ke-te-ng Kgo-bo- kgo- bo-e-a- i-kgo-bo- ka-nye-tsalpha-tla -pha -tla-e-a -i-pha-tla -lale-tsa Kgo-mo-mo-go-be-ngl e-we-tswa-ke-na-ma-ne Se se itemogelwang fa ke gore dinoko tsa mela ya diane tse pedi tsa ntlha di a lekana ka palo fa tsa seane sa boraro sona se na Ie dinoko tse di sa lekaneng. Jaanong go tla lekolwa ditlhoa tsa moribo go netefatsa fa di lekana kgotsa di sa lekane. Marope:ng go a boe:1walgo sa boelwe:ng ke te:ng Kgobokgo:bo e a ikgobokanye:tsalphatlapha:tla e a iphatlalale:tsa Kgo:mo mogobe:ngl e we:tswa ke nama:ne Go mo mpaananeng gore ditlhoa tsa moribo tsa diane tse di a lekana gonne ke tse pedi mo karolong ya metara mongwe Ie mongwe. Se se itemogelwang fa ka kakaretso ke gore ga se mo dianeng tsotlhe tse di umakilweng fa godimo mo go fitlhelwang e Ie gore dinoko di a Iekana fa ditlhoa tsa moribo tsona di lekalekana ka palo mo meleng ya diane tse. Jaaka go setse go tlhalositswe, go sa lekaneng ga dinoko mo moleng ga go reye gore mola tsa metara. 00 ga 0 na metara ka jalo diane tse di na Ie ditlhokego Fa go sekasekwa melao ya kutlwano mo meleng e e tlhophilweng ya leboko go tla latelwa lenaneo Ie. I - Palo ya dinoko - Palo ya ditlhoa tsa moribo - Poeletso, go lebilwe kutlwano ya ditlhaloso kgotsa thutapuo Melatheto 1. Mo-le:-fi-fe-e-:1a- Dinoko Ditlhoa 12 4 11 3 12 3 11 3 12 3 11 3 mo- :tse-ma-tla-ka-:1 2. ba-nna- :na-ba-tsama-:ye-mo-go-phe:pa 3. O-ka-:te-me-si- :ma-o-e-hu-pe-l-:1e 4. le-ma-tla-:pa-a- tllU-:bye-a-re-kgo- :pa 5. a-la-:1a a-re-ri-bo- 10- :tsa-me-nwa- :na 6. ge-re- :ya-go-tshe- :1aka-kwa-kgo-si-:ng Ela tlhoko: Go setse go tlhalositswe gore letshwao (-) Ie emetse kgaoganyo ya palo ya dinoko fa letshwao (:) Ie emetse setlhoa sa moribo. Go ya ka lenaneo Ie Ie fa godi~no la molao wa kutlwano go tla lemogiwa gore mola wa bobedi, wa bone Ie wa borataro e na Ie palo e e lekanang ya dinoko (11), Ie palo e e lekanang ya ditlhoa tsa moribo (3). Mola wa boraro Ie wa botlhano Ie yona e lekana ka palo ya dinoko (12) Ie ya ditlhoa tsa moribo (3). Le fa mola wa ntlha 0 lekana Ie mola wa boraro Ie wa botlhano ka palo ya dinoko, e leng 12, ga ka palo ya ditlhoa tsa moribo gonne ona 0 0 lekane Ie mela yotlhe na Ie di Ie 4. Go ya ka tlhotlhomiso ya me1a e e itlhophetsweng go tswa mo lebokong Ie, poeletso ga e tlhagelele. Ka jalo go tla tswelelwa pele ka go sekaseka kutlwano ya ditlhaloso Ie thutapuo. Fa go sekasekiwa kutlwano ya ditlhaloso go tlile go tsewa mela e e utlwanang ka bobedi ka bobedi ka tatelano pele go akarediwa mela yotlhe e e tlhophilweng. 1. Molefi, feela motse matlakala, 2. bannana batsamaye mogophepa~ Mo meleng e mebedi e mafoko feela Ie mogophepa a na Ie kutlwano e e rileng. A tlhalosa selo se Ie sengwe e leng tshiamo e e tshwanetseng go nna teng mo motseng. Go feela Ie go tsamaya mo go phepa ke mafoko a a leng kgatlhanong Ie tshiamololo kgotsa bosula jo bo tlholwang ke morafe 0 0 itaolang. Ke ka moo go ka tweng mafoko a mabedi a na Ie kutlwano gonne a emetse tshiamo. 3. Okate mesima oehupelle 4. lematlapa athubywe arekgopa Lefoko mesima mo moleng wa boraro Ie utlwana Ie lefoko Ie Ie mo moleng wa bone e leng matlapa. Go ntse jalo gonne mafoko a ka bobedi a kaya bosula ka ntlha ya fa a emetse ditiro tsa bosula tse di dirwang ke morafe 0 0 tletseng boitaolo mme ka jalo di tshwanetse go fedisiwa. 5': aiala areribolola menwana 6. ge reya gotshela kakwakgosing Fa go tsewa mela e merataro e e ntseng e sekasekiwa ka bobedi ka bobedi fa godimo ya leboko go tla lemogiwa gore lefoko matlakala la mola wa ntlha, Ie dumele1ana Ie mafoko mesima (mola 3), matlapa (mola 4), kgopa (mola 4) Ie ribolotsa (mola 5). Mafoko a a emetse selo se Ie sengwe e leng bosula jo bo dirwang ke bangwe ba morafe ~a ga Molefi. Bosula bo bo senolwa ke mafoko a a latelang: matlakala, matlapa Ie mesima e e emetseng batho ba ba dirang ditiro tse di bosula mo motseng. Go kgopiwa Ie go ribolotswa menwana ke tsona ditiro tse di bosula tse di kgoreletsang baagi ba ba boikobo go diragatsa melemo. Fa go lebelelwa lefoko feela la mola wa ntlha go tla itemogelwa fa Ie bua selo se Ie sengwe Ie mafoko 0 kate (mola 3), oehupelle (mola 3) Ie a thujwe (mola 4). Bone ba ona a bua ka go fedisa dikgoreletsi tsotlhe tse di Ieng kgatlhanong Ie tsamaiso e e siameng ya bogosi ba ga Molefi. Ka jalo mafoko a ke makaelagongwe a a kayang tshiamo. Fa go Iebelelwa mafoko a mola wa bone Ie wa botlhano e Ieng kgopa Ie ribolotswa go fitlhelwa Ie ona a bua ka selo se Ie sengwe e Ieng go utlwisiwa botlhoko ga batho ba ba diragatsang tshiamo. Ka jalo puo e e dirisitsweng fa e kaya selo se Ie sengwe e Ieng bosula. Go ka wediwa karolwana e ya metara ka go re fa go ne go sekasekiwa metara jaaka thulaganyo ya poko go Iemogilwe fa metara 0 arogantswe goya ka dikarolo tsa mofuta wa puo Ie dikarolo tsa mofuta wa poko. Go tlhalositswe fa dikarolo tsa mofuta wa puo di akaretsa dikarolwana tsa puo tse di botlhokwa jaaka lefoko, sekapolelo Ie polelo fa dikarolo tsa mofuta wa poko tsona di akaretsa metara, molatheto, tematheto Ie leboko ka bolona. Go sekasekilwe metara wa melatheto e e itlhophetsweng ya Ieboko Ia Molefi Kgafela mme ga lemogiwa fa e se Ieboko Ie go ka tweng ke Ia segologolo gotlhelele gonne Ie lebagane Ie mokwalo 0 e Ieng ona sediriso·sa segompieno. gaisa go reetswa. Ke gore leboko Ie Ie lebagane Ie go kwalwa go Fa go ne go lebeletswe molao wa kgaoganyo go tlhalositswe fa kgaoganyo e le~agane Ie kgaotso e e itsegeng ka sesura ga be ga tlhalosiwa me sola ya sesura. Go lebeletswe kgaotso ya kgaoganyo Ie enjambamente mo meleng ya leboko mme ga lemogiwa fa melatheto ya leboko Ie e angwa ke dikgaotso e seng enjambamente. Go lebeletswe gape Ie molao wa kutlwano mme ga lemogiwa fa go na Ie me1a e e utlwanang ka palo ya dinoko mmogo Ie palo ya ditlhoa tsa moribo. Go lemogilwe fa mela e e tlhophilweng ya leboko e se na dipoeletso. Ka ga kutlwano ya ditlhaloso Ie thutapuo go lemogilwe fa go nil:Ie m~latheto mmogo Ie mafoko a a utlwanang Ie go tshwana ka bokao. Mo kgaolong e go tla akaredlwa dikgaolo tsotlhe tse di amilweng mo tlhotlhomisong e ka maikaelelo a go tlhagisa dintlha tse di botlhokwa tsa kgaolo nngwe Ie nngwe. Mo kgaolong ya ntlha go tlhagisitswe seabe sa ga Seboni Ie Lekhela mo bokwading ba dikwalwa tsa Setswana ka go tlhagisa mefuta ya dikwalwa tse ba di kwadileng. Mo go maikaelelo go netefaditswe fa go se na basekaseki bangwe ba ba sekasekileng leboko Ie mme Ie fa go Ie jalo ga lemogiwa fa Schapera (1965) a etile a tlhalosa ditiragalo Ie mareo mangwe a a lebaganeng Ie leboko Ie. Le gale se ga se tshekatsheko tsenelelo. Fa go ne go lebilwe mokgwa wa patlisiso go lemogilwe fa leboko la ga boSeboni Ie Ie fitlhe1wang mo ngataneng ya Boka Sentle Ie inotse ditiragalo dingwe tsa leboko la ga Kgosi Molefi K. Pilane go tswa mo lebokong la ga Molefi Kgafela Ie Ie fitlhelwang mo ngataneng ya Praise-Poems-of Tswana Chiefs (1965) ya ga Schapera mme ka jalo ga fecllwa ka go sekaseka sebopego sa leboko la ga Molefi Kgafela jaaka Ie tlhagelela mo go Praise-Poems-of- Tswana Chiefs ka ntlha ya fa diteng tsa Iona di ama ditiragalo ka boleele go gaisa Ia ga boSeboni. Go sekasekilwe mareo a mabedi a e Ieng go tlhalosa Ie go ranola mme ga tlhalosiwa fa mareo a a sa tshwane ka bokao. Ke gore ga se makaelagongwe. Mo tlhalosong ya dikakanyo go tlhalositswe dikakanyo tse di Iatelang e Ieng pokokanelo, epiki, 'outu', balate, sonete Ie pokothoriso. Go bontshitswe ka fa dikakanyo tse di tshwanang Ie ka fa di farologanang ka teng ga ba ga bapisiwa dikakanyo tse dingwe Ie mofllta wa poko e e sekasekiwang e Ieng pokothoriso. Fa go ne go tshwaraganwe Ie mmotlolo wa boaneledi go tlhalositswe fa sekwalwa se na Ie matlalo a Ie mararo a go ya ka Groenewald (1993:40), Marggraff (1994:44) Ie Mojalefa (1995:7) e Ieng diteng, thulaganyo Ie setaele. Go Iemogilwe fa diteng e Ie dikgang tse di tlhagelelang mo tlhaloganyong ya mokwadi pele a ka di tlhagisetsa babuisi ka mokgwa Wc:tgod.ikwala. Go kailwe gore fa diteng di sosobantswe go fitlha mo di ka se tlholeng di sosobanngwa go ya pele, go buiwa ka ga setlhogo. Mabapi Ie thulaganyo go tlhalositswe fa e Ie mokgwa 0 0 dirisiwang ke mokwadi go nllaganya dikgang tse a di itlhophetseng go di dirisa fa a kwala sekwalwa. Setaele sona se tlhalositswe e Ie Ietlalo Ia boraro Ia sekwalwa Ie Ie Iebaganeng Ie puo ya mokwadi e e ribololang maikutlo a a rileng mo Imnuising. Kgaolo e e weditswe ka tsamaiso ya dikgang. Fa go ne go sekasesikwa diteng mo kgaolong e go sosobantswe diteng tsa leboko la ga Molefi Kgafela ga be ga tlhalosiwa setlhogo sa leboko Ie e leng go rorisiwa ga Molefi. Go kailwe fa diteng di golaganngwa ke setlhogo mme e bile di ikaegile ka dielemente di Ie nne e leng baanelwa, ditiragalo, nako Ie lefelo. Go tlhalositswe fa baanelwa ba arogantswe go ya ka mefuta e Ie mebedi e leng baanelwabagolo Ie ba bannye. Baanelwabagolo bona ba kgaogantswe ka ditlhopha di Ie pedi e leng moganetsi Ie moganediwa. moanelwamogolo gagwe yo a go diragatsa 0 Go itemogetswe ganetsang moganediwa fa moganetsi e Ie mo maikaelelong a tshiamo. Moganediwa mo lebokong Ie ke Molefi fa moganetsi e Ie morafe 0 0 tletseng boitaolo ka ntlha ya fa morafe 0 0 ganetsa Molefi mo go diragatseng tshiamo e leng go phutha morafe. Kamano ya baanelwa e sekasekilwe go latetswe lenaneo la tebaganyo, bokgontshi, boganetsi, bothusi Ie bothusegi. Go ya ka lenaneo Ie go tlhalositswe fa bothusi ba moganediwa e Ie boganetsi ba moganetsi fa bothusi ba moganetsi e Ie boganetsi ba moganediwa. Ditiragalo tsa diteng tsa leboko Ie di sekasekilwe go ya ka mefuta e Ie meraro e leng mofuta wa ditiragalo tsa ntlha: boitaolo ba morafe, mofuta wa ditiragalo tsa ka fa gare: go busa Ie mofuta wa ditiragalo tsa bofelo: go-atlega mo go phutheng morafe. Go kailwe fa ditiragalo tse di latelana mme tatelano ya tsona e lebagane Ie phetogo e e tlholwang ke baanelwa nako Ie lefelo. Go sekasekilwe tikologo go lebilwe nako Ie lefelo. Go tlhalositswe fa nako e arogantswe go ya ka mefuta e Ie meraro e leng nako ya ditiragalo, nako ya tsa Ioago Ie nako e e rileng. Mo Iebokong Ie Ia ga Molefi Kgafela go dirisitswe methta e mebedi ya nako ya ditiragalo e Ieng nako ya tsa Ioago Ie nako e e rileng. Fa go ne go Iebilwe kelo ya nako ya ditiragalo go umakilwe fa e arogantswe go ya ka nako e e buiwang ke mokwadi Ie nako e e akanngwang ke mosekaseki. Mabapi Ie Iefelo go tIhaIositswe fa mafelo a arogantswe ka mefuta e Ie mebedi e Ieng mafelo a a rileng a mokwadi a a sa boleleng ka maina Ie mafelo a ditiragalo a mokwadi a a bitsang ka maina. Go gateletswe fa nako Ie IefeIo, fela jaaka dielemente tse dingwe tsa diteng Ie tsona di Iaolwa ke setlhogo. Mo. kgaoiong ya boraro go tlhalositswe fa kakanyo e ya thulaganyo e na Ie matlhakore a mabedi a a bontshang kamano e Ieng Ietlhakore Ie Ie tsepameng Ie Ietlhakore Ie Ie rapameng. Go sekasekilwe matihakore a mabedi a go lebilwe Ieboko Ia ga Molefi Kgafela. Go Iebeletswe thitokgang ya Ieboko Ie ya be ya bapisiwa Ie setlhogo go bontsha pharologano e e Ieng teng fa gare ga tsona. Go kailwe fa thitokang e Ie kgankgolo e mokwadi a e tlhagisang mo sekwalweng fa setlhogo sona e Ie tshosobanyo ya dikgang tsa sekwaiwa. Fa go ne go sekasekiwa mefuta ya dithaetlele tsa maboko go umakilwe fa di arogantswe go ya ka thaetleIe, thaetlelenyana, katoloso ya thaetlele Ie tlhaloso ya kanedi. Go neilwe dikao tsa mefuta ya dithaetlele go tswa mo dikwalong tse di farologaneng mme ga lemogiwa fa Ieboko Ie Ie sekasekiwang e leng Molefi Kgafela Ie wela ka fa tlase ga tlhaloso ya kanedi gonne mo go lona mokwadi 0 eta a tlhalosa dintlha dingwe ka mokgwa wa kanedi. Go lekotswe dikgato tse nne tsa thulaganyo e leng tshenolo, phuthologo, setlhoa Ie tharabologo. Go tlhalositswe fa tshenolo e Ie kgato e mo go y.pu.a mokwadi a alelang mmuisi dikgang tsa sekwalwa mme e fele1a fa go simololang kgotlhang teng. Kgotlhang yon a e kaiwa e Ie go sa utlwaneng ga matlhakore a mabedi a a farologanang ka dikakanyo. Fa go ne go lebeletswe dielemente tsa diteng e leng baanelwa, ditiragalo, nako Ie lefelo go tlhagisitswe fa baanelwa ba arogantswe go ya ka baanelwabagolo Ie baanelwabatlaleletsi. Ka ga ditiragalo go kailwe fa ditiragalo tsa thulaganyo di newa ditiro. Nako e tlhalositswe fa e arogantswe ka mefuta e Ie meraro e leng nako ya tshwanelo, nako ya mowa 0 0 renang Ie nako ya sekai. Lefelo Ie lona Ie arogantswe go ya ka Iefelo la tshwanelo, lefelo la mowa 0 0 renang Ie lefelo Ia sekai. Mo kgatong ya phuthologo go tlhalositswe fa e Ie kgato e mo go yona •••.. '_0 • dikgang di tswelediwang pe1e go fitlha kwa setlhoeng. Go lekotswe ditiragalo tsa phuthologo tsa leboko Ie, e leng go tshabe1a ga morafe kwa makgoeng, go tlogelwa ga mafapa, go palelela kwa makgoeng ga banna, basadi Ie makau Ie go inyadisa basadi ba ditoropo. Go tlhalositswe dithekeniki di Ie tlhano tse di dirisitsweng mo kgatong e e leng poeletso, sekai, phapologantsho, tlaopo Ie metlae. Go kailwe fa dithekeniki tse di Ie botlhokwa gonne di lebagane Ie molaetsa wa leboko Ie e leng go phutha morafe. Fa go ne go Iebilwe setlhoa go builwe fa e Ie kgato e mo go yona kgotlhang e ileng magoletsa lnme go tsewa tshwetso e e ka Iereng go fenya kgotsa go fenngwa ga Ietlhakore Ie Ie rileng. Go tlhalositswe ka ditiragalo tse di botlhokwa tsa kgotlhang mo Iebokong Ie e Ie go tsaya tshwetso ga Molefi go phutha morafe ka go kwaIeIa komisinara wa Kapa Ie go romela baitsi ditoropo go batla morafe 0 0 ineileng naga Ie go 0 busetsa gae. Go Iemogilwe fa dithekeniki tse di dirisitsweng mo kgatong e e Ie tse pedi e Ieng kgakgamalo Ie puisano. Go tlhalositswe fa dithekeniki tse di Iebagane Ie ntlha e e botlhokwa mo Iebokong e Ieng go phutha morafe. Go sekasekilwe kgato ya tharabologo mme ga kaiwa fa e Ie kgato e mo go yona maikutlo a ritibalang mme go rena mowa wa boiketlo. Ditiragalo tse di supang tharabologo mo Iebokong Ie di tlhalositswe fa e Ie go duduetsa ga basadi ba mafetwa, go ja ka mpa tsoopedi ga morafe Ie go anega ngati ga bomme gonne ditiragalo tse di supa maemo a a ritibetseng. Go tlhalositswe tiriso ya dithekeniki di Ie tharo mo kgatong e e Ieng thekeniki ya tlogeIo, kemedi Ie pheteletso. Go supilwe fa dithekeniki tse di Ie botlhokwa ka ntlha ya fa di Iebagane Ie molaetsa wa Ieboko e Ieng go phutha morafe ga Molefi. Mo kgaolong e go sekasekilwe. setaele sa Ieboko Ia ga Molefi Kgafela go ikaegilwe ka melatheto ya 7 - 12 ka ntlha ya fa go Iemogilwe fa tshekatsheko e ka nama thata fa go ka tsewa melatheto ya Ieboko Iotlhe. Ntlha nngwe e e botlhokwa fa ke go re mela e e itlhophetsweng e Iebagane Ie thitokgang ya Ieboko Ie. Go tlhalositswe fa setaele se itebagantse Ie kgang ya mokwadi go tlhagisa maikaelelo a gagwe e bile yona kgang e, e totile khuduego ya maikutlo mo mmuising. Go Iemogilwe fa maikutlo a a renang mo meleng e e umakilweng ya Ieboko e Ie a go Iaiwa ga Molefi mabapi Ie go phutha morafe. Fa go ne go sekasekiwa dithekeniki tsa' setaele go tlhalositswe fa thekeniki e Ie tse1a kgotsa mokgwa dikarolwana 0 mokwadi a 0 tsa puo fa a kwala dipharologantsho dirisang go tlisa kamano fa gare ga sekwalwa tsa setaele go tlhalositswe sa gagwe. Ka ga fa pharologantsho e Ie karolo e nnye ya polelo e e tsweledisang setaele pe1e. Go kailwe fa mokwadi a dirisitse thekeniki di Ie Iesome Ie boraro tsa setaele e Ieng thekeniki ya tebelelo, nyenyefatso, kgakgamalo, sekai, modirisokeletso, puisano, modirisotaelo, tlaleletso, kemedi, tlogelo, tshwantshiso, pheteletso Ie Ieele mme ga Iemogiwa fa thekeniki e e dirisitsweng thata .1.- .~, • go gaisa tse dingwe e Ie ya tlogelo ka ntlha ya fa e tshegetsa maikutlo a go Iaiwa ga Molefi mabapi Ie go phutha morafe. Le fa go Ie jalo go tlhalositswe fa dithekeniki dingwe Ie tsona di Ie botlhokwa gonne di Iebagane Ie go Iaiwa ga Molefi mabapi Ie molaetsa 0 0 botlhokwa e Ieng go phutha morafe. Mo kgaolong ya botlhano go tlhalositswe tlhophilweng ya Ieboko Ia ga Molefi Kgafela. metara wa mela e e Metara 0 tlhalositswe go tlhokometswe me1ao e mebedi ya metara e Ieng molao wa kgaoganyo Ie nl()Iao wa kutlwano. Go kailwe gape fa metara 0 arogantswe ka mefuta e Ie mebedi e Ieng mofuta wa dikarolo tsa puo Ie mofuta wa dikarolo tsa poko. Mabapi Ie dikarolo tsa mofuta wa puo go umakilwe fa poko e tshwanetse go nna Ie lefoko, sekapolelo Ie polelo tse e leng tsona dikarolo tse di botlhokwa tsa puo. Dikarolo tsa mofuta wa poko tsona go tlhalositswe fa di akaretsa karolo ya metara, molatheto Ie tematheto. Go tlhalositswe fa karolo e kgolo mo metareng e Ie leboko ka bolona fa karolo e nnye e Ie karolo ya metara. Go kailwe fa melatheto e Ie karolo e e botlhokwatlhokwa ya metara gonne poko yotlhe e tshwanetse go nna Ie molatheto. Metara wa leboko Ie la ga Molefi Kgafela 0 sekasekilwe go tlhokometswe gore a se se kwadilweng mo lebokong se tsweletsa metara pele. Go tlhalositswe fa metara wa leboko la segompieno go buisa fa metara wa leboko la segologolo ona 0 0 lemogiwa ka lemogiwa ka go reediwa. Fa go ne go lebeletswe leboko la Molefi Kgafela go lemogilwe fa e se leboko la segologolo gotlhelele gonne Ie lebagane Ie go kwalwa go gaisa go reediwa. Ke gore sebopego sa leboko Ie se tlhagelela e Ie sa metara. Fa go ne go sekasekiwa molao wa kgaonganyo go kailwe fa kgaoganyo e lebagane Ie kgaotso e e kgaoganyang dikarolo tsa metara e leng sesura. Go tlhalositswe ditiro tse di botlhokwa tsa sesura e e leng go golaganya Ie go kgaoganya dikaralo tsa metara. Go lebeletswe molao wa kgaoganyo mo lebokong Ie mme ga tlhalosiwa fa melatheto yotlhe e e tlhophilweng ya leboko e angwa ke dikgaotso. Le fa go Ie jalo go na Ie dikgaotso dingwe tse di sa lekaneng ka boleele e bile di sa amane ka gope Ie molao wa kgaoganyo gonne tiro ya tsona e se go kgaoganya dikarolo tsa metara mme di lebagane Ie go gatelela. Mabapi Ie enjambamente go lemogilwe· fa mokwadi a sa e dirisa mo lebokong Ie la ga Molefi Kgafela mme ka jalo ga e a sekasekwa. Kgaolo e e weditswe ka go lebelela molao wa kutlwano mo lebokong Ie la ga Molefi Kgafela mme go lemogilwe fa go na Ie mela e e utlwanang ka palo ya dinoko Ie palo ya ditlhoa tsa moribo. Go kailwe fa mela e e tlhophilweng ya leboko e se na dipoeletso ga ba ga tlhalosiwa fa gona Ie mafoko mmogo Ie melatheto e e utlwanang e bile e tshwana ka bokao. Seboni, M.O.M Ie Lekhela, E.P 1970. Boka Sentle. Cape Town: Via Afrika 1965 Praise Poems of Tswana Chief Oxford: Oxford University Press Abrams, M.H. 1981. A Glossary of Literary Terms. New York: Cornell University. 1985. A Glossary of Literary Terms. Jovanovich: 1988. A Glossary of Literary Terms.5th edition, London: Host, Rinehart and Winston, Inc. 1993. A Glossary of Literary Terms. Jovanovich: Harcourt. 5. Attenbemd, L. Ie Lewis, L.L. 1966. A Handbookfor the study of Drama. New York: MaeMillian Publishing Co. 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Pretoria: Government Printers. This dissertation focuses on the praise poem, Chief Molefi K. Pilane which appears in the following texts namely Boka Sentle (1970) which is a collection of poems by Seboni and Lekhela and Praise Poems of Tswana Chiefs (1965) by Schapera. The poem by Seboni and Lekhela discusses some of the events which are to a larger extent discussed in Schapera's poem, known as Molefi Kgafela. This is the ~·,-reason why the investigation highlights specifically Schapera's poem which is broadly elaborated. The message of this poem focuses on the implementation of law and order within the Community. Although it is one of the oldest traditional praise poems, no detailed investigation has been made with regard to this poem except for a few comments by Schapera. three levels of text. The aim of this investigation is to focus on The topic concept is indicated in line 7 - 12 which highlights on the theme of this poem. There are however other extracts from the poem that are used as examples. ~. This . investigation also focuses on the narratological model, which states that a text work has three levels namely content, plot and style. The concepts, narrative poetry, epic, ode, ballad, sonnet and praise poem also receive attention. Content is also examined. When the content is summarised to the minimum then one refers to the topic. Topic is therefore important in literary work. The four elements of the plot structure namely exposition, development, climax and denouement are discussed. Techniques employed in exposition are viewpoint, conversation, symbolism and apostrophe. These teclmiques focus on the message carried by this poem. Repetition is used more often in the development stage of this literary work to emphasise lack of law and order in Molefi's Commlmity. The teclmiques, namely apostrophe and conversation, are employed in the climax. They are also of value as they highlight the message of the poem. Techniques employed in the denouement are elision, synecdoche and exaggeration. Their importance is shown to be their relevance to the message of the poem. The following elements, are also examined: characters, events, time and place. The characters in the plot are described in relation to specific functions which reveal both -their good and bad behaviour. Their importance is explained to be due to their responsibility with regard to the continuation of events. The events are described in such a way that the conflict between the antagonist and the protagonist is revealed and time and place are discussed to highlight the events of the poem. The third level of this literary work deals with style and meter. Style highlights the author's mood and intention. The mood in this poem is related to the advice given to Molefi with regard to good leadership. Meter is discussed on the basis of two nIles namely the nIle of division and the nIle of symmetrical harmony. The rule of division deals with metrical devices known as pause and caesura while the law of sylmnetrical harmony is concerned with the number of syllables, the number of penultimate summits and repetition. In the poem, Molefi Kgafela there are stanzas and words which have similar meamngs. ~.._._._. ~ ... _ ••.... ~" . _ ... The poem, though being a traditional poem, IS characterised by a modem instrument, which is writing by using ~" . meter. Meter is therefore important in this literary work. Key Concepts: praise poetry topic theme atmosphere technique text plot ~·"style· OPSOMMING Hierdie dissertasie fokus op die lofgedig, Chief Moleji K. Pilane voorkom in die volgende tekste :Boka Sentle wat ( 1970 ) wat 'n versameling van gedigte deur Seboni en Lekhe1a is en Praise Poems of Tswana Chiefs ( 1965 ) deur Schapera. Die gedig deur Seboni en Lekhela bespreek slegs sommige van die gebeure wat in meer detail behandel word in Schapera se gedig Moleji Kgafela. Gevolglik word in ..~.Jrierdie navorsing spesifiek breedvoerig na Schapera se gedig gekyk. Die boodskap van hierdie gedig fokus op die implimentering van wet en orde binne die "Gemeenskap". Nieteenstaande dit een van die oudste tradisione1e lofgedigte is, is nog geen uitvoerige ondersoek van hierdie gedig gemaak nie, behalwe vir 'n paar opmerkings deur Schapera. Die oogmerk van hierdie navorsing is om te fokus op drie vlakke van 'n teks. Die onderwerp konsep word in lyne 7 - 12 aangedui, wat die tema van die gedig na yore bring. Daar is egter ander uittreksels uit die gedig wat as voorbeelde gebnlik word. Die ondersoek fokus ook op die vertellings model wat noem dat 'n teks drie vlakke het naamlik die inhoud, die intrige (knoop) en die styl. Die konsepte vertellings digkuns, "epiek", orde, ballade, sonet en lofgedig lay ook aandag. Inhoud word ook ondersoek. Onderwerp is daarom belangrik in hierdie liter~re werk. Die vier elemente van intrige stnIktuur naamlik uitleg, ontwikkeling, klimaks en ontknoping word bespreek. Tegnieke wat gebruik word in ontknoping is slenmg, gesprek, simbolisme en toespraak. Die tegnieke fokus op die boodskap wat die gedig oordra. Herhaling word meer gereeld gebruik in die ontwikkelings fase van hierdie literere werk om die gebrek aan wet en orde in Molefi se Gemeenskap te beklemtoon. In die ontknoping word die volgende tegnieke gebnlik : elisie, Rulle belangrikheid word verduidelik sinekdogee en oordrywing. as hulle relevansie tot die boodskap van die gedig. Die volgende elemente word ook ondersoek: karakters, gebeure, tyd, en plek. Die karakters in die intrige word beskryf in verhouding tot die spesifieke funksies wat beide hulle goeie en slegte gedrag bekend maak. Rulle belangrikheid word verduidelik as toeskryfbaar - hulle verantwoordelikheid ~"_.' aan met betrekking tot die voortsetting van ~ gebeure. Die gebeure word op so 'n wyse beskryf dat die konflik tussen antagoniste en protagoniste onthul word en tyd en plek word bespreek om die gebeure van die gedig sterk na yore te laat kom. Die derde vlak van hierdie teks handel met styl en meter. Styl bring na yore die outeur se gemoed stemming en bedoelings. Die gemoedstemming in hierdie gedig hou verband met die advies wat aan Molefi gegee word met betrekking tot goeie leierskap. Meter word bespreek op die basis van twee reels naamlik die reel van verdeling en die reel van simetriese hannonie. Die reel van verdeling handel met metriese toestelle/middels bekend as verposing ~--en nispunt, terwyl die wet van simetriese hannonie gemoeid is met die aantal lettergrepe, die aantal toppunte en herhaling. In die gedig Molef; Kgafela is daar stansas en woorde wat dieselfde betekenis het. Alhoewe1 dit'n tradisionele gedig is word dit gekemnerk deur 'n modeme instnlment - skryf deur die gebnlik van " meter". "Meter" is dus belangrik in hierdie literere werk. Sleutelwoo rde: prys digkuns ~"-ondeiwerp damkring teks intrige styl metrum tegniek Molefi Kgafela Moleti wamatlotla, modisa wasope lammaagwe, lagaSeingwaeng aLekanyana, _",",-#a.-.,", __ . _ yootheilweng gatwe, lebella, 5 kemogolowe, kePilane aPheto, kengwana waMakuka kaMatlakana. Moleji, jeela motse matlakala, bannana batsamaye mogophepa. Okate mesima oehupelle; 10 lematlapa athubywe, arekgopa, alala areribolotsa menwana, ge reya gotshela kakwakgosing. Keseleleka dipiripitlwa, dipholo tsediditlhako ditona, ,.,._ .•...,.- •... -- 15 tseditlhako ditlalang megopyana, ditlalang megopo yabatlhanka, motlhanka aje aba asadise. Moleji gaatlhabe pholo tsedikgolo, otlhaba majongl letsedinemeru, 20 otlhaba tsedirweleng kadimpa, bannana batle baje mehungwana. Reutlwile Mokgadi wagaSerake ammolella, Ammolella thata, are, Yoopelo, ngwana gaKgajela 25 oja kamabedi, ngwana aMakuka, kalantsogotlho 0 otshola bogobe, katsogo lanja atshola tlhomedi, otsamaya abatlhomelle dinama; alebe babantseng kwakgakala, obile oitlhaganella baeng, baeng kebona bafiwang pele, beng bamotse obafa kwamorago. Batho baboa letlala moreneng, falekgotleng lelegolo lakgosi; gab aka bamfitlhela, Motshwane, osapotile oile ntlha ele, osaetetse kwaManamakgoteng, oetetse Maribe lelobakeng, wabo oile gokopa melao. Batla matimela, ngwana aMakuka, matimela abatho oagorose, oetse dikgomo otswa godibatla. o bafophole kaditelekaragol Babangwe bautlwala kakwaDikapa; okwalle, komisinara3 yaKapa, ore, Rebatliseng, rebatla batho. Babangwe babolelwa kakwaNatale, bana, leDikobee ngwana gaNthite. Bontsi babona bamo Johane. Kafa Tlhabane goatile basadi,' basadi lebona obaphuthe batle. Bangwe basadi batlogetse banna, batlogetse banna bababatlile; 2 Y6osamm6keng otlajang? Abe basadi abasegela ngati, . kagob6 baduduetsa Selalome; 85 banna bakatla basetla masetla, baphura masufu aabaabetse. Nna kephamotetswe kemoeng lesetla, kemotho kesaitse kwaogotswang; bangwe barite otswa kwaBokalaka, 90 bamoitse barite ke Letam6ra, bamoitsitse ka: ao ntupa makaya. Motlhanka wagob6 ese bosigo, nkab6 nkite kamokirikitsa, kamoruthula kath6bane dinoka, 95 kamotaita kaselepe molala; ratloga rapagamisanya dithaba, y60sena k6t6 afetoga tshwene, aba asala kwagodimo gamabywe. Dumela, mebita metseisa kg6pe! 100 Kana mafetwa abasadi aipela; antse· aduduetsa phetella, bare otlatsoga arenyadisa, arebiletsa nna kwaMakgoeng. Dumela, tlogolwana sakwa Tlhakong! 105 A batho baipshina baanatl6u, b6Rralotia bajNa monate Bakite bapepetletsa leb6tlana, bare. Namane yatau eb6nwa kaeng? Tau eb6nwa kagoisa masori; 110 aisitse ditlh6g6 gab6mogolo, ditlh6g6 odiisa asaroletse, oisa yakg6mo entse ephela, dinku odiisa dilethataro. Gabatlhwe baaja, batho Batl6ung, 115 gabatlhwe baja, balebile fela, disetse dibabatlisa diphafana. Basadi leb6na baanega ngati, Mmakebitseng waeanega lemogatsa-Sebowe; bare, Mmatshutsha otla esola, 120 kamos6 g~ reboa kwamasimong.