text:
Ela tlhoko: phetolelo ee ya setswana e tseerwe ka tlhamalalo semmuso go tswa mo kwalong ya Lefapha la Molao. Re re lemogile gore phetolelo ee e na le diphoso, mme re direla go fitlhelela phetolelo e ntsha e e botoka.
Please note: This Setswana translation is taken directly from the official Department of Justice edition. We are aware that it is not complete or always accurate (e.g. s6.23.2), and we are working towards a new, better translation.
Kgaolo 4: Palamente (42-82)
42. Popego ya Palamente
- Palamente e arognatswe ka –
- Ntlokokoano Bosetšhaba; le
- Khansele ya Bosetšhaba ya Diporofense.
- Ntlokokoano Bosetšhaba le Khansele ya Bosetšhaba ya Diporofense di tsaya karolo mo go tlhameng molao go ya ka mokgwa o o tlhalositsweng mo Molaotheo.
- Ntlokokoano Bosetšhaba e tlhophilwe go emela batho le go netefatsa puso ya batho go ya ka Molaotheo. E dira seo ka go tlhopa Moporesidente, ka go tlamela ka foramo ya bosetšhaba go sekaseka merero ya setšhaba, ka go tlhama molao, go tlhatlhoba le go lebelela tiro ya khuduthamaga/puso.
- Khansele ya Bosetšhaba ya Diporofense e emetse diporofense go netefatsa fa puso ya bosetšhaba e ela tlhoko dikgatlhegelo tsa diporofense. E dira seo bogolo ka go tsaya karolo go ditsamaiso tsa peomolaole go tlamela ka foramo ya bosetšhaba gore setšhaba se sekaseke merero e e amang diporofense.
- Moporesidente a ka bitsa kopano e e kgethegileng ya Palamente nako nngwe le nngwe go dira tiro e e kgethegileng;
- Bonno jwa Palamente ke Motse Kapa, mme Molao wa Palamente o o rebotswebg go tsamaelana le karolotlaleletso 76(1) le(5), o ka tlhomamisa gore bonno jwa Palamente bo nne felo gongwe.
43. Matla a semolao a Rephaboliki
- Mo Rephaboliking, matla a go tlhama molao a –
- makala a bosetšhaba a puso a rwele ke Palamente, go ya ka tlhaloso ya karolo 44;
- makala a puso ya porofense a rwelwe ke ntlopeomolao ya porofense go ya ka tlhaloso ya karolo 104; mme
- ya makala a puso selegae e rwelwe ke Dikhansele tsa Bommasepala go ya ka tlhaloso ya karolo 156.
44. Matla a semolao a naga
- Bothati ba peomolao ya bosetšhaba jaaka bo rwelwe ke Palamente –
- matla ao a reboletswe Ntlokokoano Bosetšhaba –
- go tlhabolola Molaotheo;
- go atlenegisa molao tebang le morero mongwe le mongwe, go akarediwa morero oo wa tiro o o tlhalositsweng mo Mametlelelo 4, mme go sa akarediwe, fela go tsamaelana le karolo (2), morero wa tiro o o tlhalositsweng mo Mametlelelo 5; le
- go abela bothati bongwe le bongwe jwa semolao jwa lekala lengwe le lengwe la puso dithata tsa yona tsa molao; ntle le thata ya go tlhabolola Molaotheo; le
- go mametlelela Khansele ya Bosetšhaba ya Diporofense ka maatla –
- a go tlhabolola Molaotheo, go ya ka karolo 74;
- go atlenegisa molao go ya ka karolo 76,tebang le morero mongwe le mongwe wa tiro e e tlhalositsweng mo Mametlelelong 4, le morero mongwe le mongwe yo go tlhokegang gore o atlenegisiwe go tsamaelana le karolo 76 ya Molaotheo, le
- go sekaseka go ya ka karolo 75, molao mongwe le mongwe yo o atlenegisitsweng ke Ntlokokoano Bosetšhaba.
- Palamente e ka tsereganya ka go aatlenegisa molao go ya ka karolo 76(1) tebang le morero yo o lebaganyeng le tiro e e tlhalositsweng mo Mametlelelo 5, fa go tlhokega –
- go tshegetsa tshireletso ya bosetšhaba;
- go tshegetsa botsitso jwa ikonomi;
- go tshegetsa maemo a kelo ya bosetšhaba a a botlhokwa;
- go tlhama maemo tekanyetso a a lebaganeng le thebolo ya ditirelo; kgotsa
- go thibela porofense go tsaya dikgato tse di sa isa itumediseng, tse di amang dikgatlhegelo tsa porofense e nngwe ka mokgwa o sa itumediseng, kgotsa naga ka bophara.
- Molao tebang le morero o o botlhokwa go, kgotsa o maleba le tiragatso ya thata e e amang morero mongwe le mongwe o o kwadilweng mo Mametlelelo 4.
- Fa e diragatsa matla a yona a semolao, Palamente e tlangwa fela ke Molaotheo, e bile e tshwanela go dira go ya ka Molaotheo le mo maparego a Molaotheo.
45. Melawana le ditaelo tlhakanelo le dikomiti tlhakanelo
- Ntlokokoano Bosetšhaba le Khansele ya Bosetšhaba ya Diporofense e tshwanetse go tlhama komiti ya melawana le ditaelo tlhakanelo go dira melawana le ditaelo tebang le merero ya ntlokokoano le Khansele go akarediwa melawana le ditaelo –
- go tlhotlhomisa tsamaiso tebang le ntshetsopele ya thulaganyo ya molao, go akarediwa go tlhoma ga selekanyetso sa nako mabapi le go wediwa gakgatho nngwe le nngwe mo tiragatsong;
- go tlhama dikomiti tlhakanelo tse na leng maloko go tswa go Ntlokokoano Bosetšhaba le Khansele ya Diporofense go sekaseka le go bega ka Melaotlhomo e e akanngwang mo karolo 74 le 75 e e rometsweng go komiti ya mothale oo;
- go tlhama komiti ya tlhakanelo go sekaseka Molaotheo bonnyeng gangwe ka ngwaga; le
- go laola merero ya –
- melawana ya komiti tlhakanelo;
- komiti ya botsereganyi;
- komiti ya tshekatsheko ya Molaotheo; le
- komiti tlhakanelo nngwe le nngwe e e tlhomilweng go ya ka mabaka a temana (b).
- Ditokololo tsa kabinete, ditokololo tsa Ntlokokoano Bosetšhaba le baemedi bao Khansele ya Bosetšhaba ya Diporofense ba na le ditshwanelo le ditshireletesego fa pele ga Komiti tlhakanelo ya Ntlokokoano Bosetšhaba le Khansele ya Bosetšhaba ya Diporofense fela jaaka ba nale ditshwanelo tseo fa pele ga Ntlokokoano kgotsa Khansele ya Diporofense.
Kokoano Bosetšhaba
46. Sebopego le ditlhopho
- Ntlokokoano Bosetšhaba e tlhamilwe ka maloko a fa tlase ga 350, mme eseng e go feta banna le basadi ba le 400 ba ba tlhophilweng jaaka ditokololo go ya ka lenaane la ditlhopho le le –
- tlhalosiwang ke molao wa bosetšhaba;
- ikaegileng ka lenaane le le tlwaelegileng la bosetšhaba ya leano la ditlhopho;
- letlelelang selekanyetso sa dingwaga di le 18 mabapi le go tlhopha; le
- tlamelang, ka kakaretso kemedi ya tekanyetso.
- Molao wa Palamente o tshwanetse go tlhomamisa selekanyo sa palo ya maloko a Ntlokokoano Bosetšhaba.
[Karolotlaletso. (1) e e tlhabolotsweng ka karolo 1 ya Tlhabololo ya Bolesome ya Molaotheo wa Molao wa 2003 le ka k. 1 ya Tlhabololo ya Bosometlhano ya Molaotheo wa Molao 2008.]
47. Botokololo
- Moagi mongwe le mongwe yo o letleletsweng go tlhopha mo Ntlokokoano Bosetšhaba e ka nna tokololo ya Ntlokokoano kwa ntle ga –
- mongwe le mongwe yo o thapilweng ke puso kgotsa a direla puso, e bile a amogela moputso boemong jwa tiro eo, kgotsa tirelo ntle le –
- Moporesidente, Motlatsa Moporesidente, Ditona le Batlatsa Ditona; le
- Batlhankedi bangwe ba ditiro tsa bona di tshwanang le ditiro tsa maloko a Ntlokokoano, e bile Ntlokokoano Bosetšhaba e tlhomamisitse ditiro tseo ka go tshwana ka molao wa bosetšhaba;
- Barongwa ba leruri ba Khansele ya Bosetšhaba ya Diporofense kgotsa ditokololo tsa kgotla peomolao ya Porofense kgotsa lekgotla la bommasepala;
- Mokoloti yo o sa tlhabologeng;
- Mongwe le mongwe yo o tlhomamisistweng a sa itekanela ke kgotlatshekelo ya Rephaboliki ya Aforika Borwa; kgotsa
- Mongwe le mongwe yo o otlhailweng Morago ga go tsengwa tirisong ga karolo eno, e bile a otlhaiwa dikgwedi di feta 12 mo teng ga kgolegelo, ntle le boikgethelo jwa tuelo ya tšhelete, le fa e le mo teng ga Rephaboliki, kgotsa kwa ntle ga Rephaboliki; fa maitshwaro a bontshang bosenyi e ka nna tlolomolao mo Rephaboliking; mme, ga go ope yo o tla tselwang gore o otlhailwe go fitlhela boikuelo kgatlhanong le katlholo le kotlhao di tlhomamisiswa, kgotsa go fitlhela boikuelo bo felelwa ke nako. Pelesetso go ya ka temana eno e fela dingwaga di le tlhano morago ga go wediwa ga katlholo.
- Motho yo go sa kgonagaleng gore a nne leloko la Ntlokokoano Bosetšhaba go ya ka ditaelo tsa karololotlaleletso (1)(a) kgotsa (b) a ka nna ntlhopheng wa Ntlokokoano go tsamaelana le tekanyetso ngwe le ngwe e e tlhomilweng ka molao ya bosetšhaba.
- Motho o latlhegelwa ke go nna le tokololo ya Ntlokokoano Bosetšhaba fa motho yoo –
- a sa kgone go ka tlhophiwa; kgotsa
- a seyo mo Ntlokokoano ntle le tumelelo mme melao le ditaelo le melao ka Ntlokokoano di tlhalosa gore o tshwanetse go latlhegelwa ke boloko, kgotsa
- o kgaotsa go nna leloko la lekoko le le motlhophileng jaaka leloko la Ntlokoko.
[Karolwana. (3) boemong jwa karolo 2 ya Tlhabololo ya Bolesome ya Molaotheo wa Molao wa 2003 le ka k. 2 ya Tlhabololo ya Bosometlhano ya Molaotheo wa Molao 2008.]
- Diphatlhatiro tsa Ntlokokoano Bosetšhaba di tshwanetswe go tladiwa go ya ka molao wa bosetšhaba.
48. Go Ikana kgotsa boitlamo
Pele ditokololo tsa Ntlokokoano Bosetšhaba di simolola go dira ditiro tsa bona tsa bokhuduthamaga, di tshwanetse go ikana kgotsa go itlama ka boikanyego go Rephaboliki le kobamelo ya Molaotheo, go ya ka Mametlelelo 2.
49. Paka ya Kokoano Bosetšhaba
- Ntlokokoano Bosetšhaba e tlhopiwa paka ya dingwaga di le tlhano.
-
Fa Ntlokokoano Bosetšhaba e fedisiwa go ya ka karolotlaletso 50 kgotsa fa paka ya yona e fela, Moporesidente, ka kgoeletso, o tshwanetse go bitsa le go baya matsatsi a ditlhopho, tse di tshwanetseng go tshwarwa mo nakong ya matsatsi a le 90 morago ga letsatsi la go nyelediwa ga Ntlokokoano, kgotsa go fela ga paka eo. Kgoeletso ya go umaka le tlhomamiso ya matsatsi a ditlhopho a ka umakiwa pele kgotsa Morago ga go fela gap aka ya Ntlokokoano Bosetšhaba.
[Kl(2) e emetswe k. 1 ya Tlhabololo ya Botlhano ya Molaotheo wa Molao wa 1999.]
- Fa dipholo tsa ditlhopho tsa Ntokokoano Bosetšhaba di sa itsisiwe ka nako e e boletsweng go ya ka karolo 190, kgotsa fa ditlhopo di kgapelwa thoko ke kgotlatshekelo, Moporesidente o tshwanetse go itsise le go tlhomamisa letlha le lengwe la ditlhopho, tseo di tshwanetseng go tshwarwa mo nakong ya matsatsi a le 90 morago ga go fela ga paka eo kgotsa ka letlha le ditlhopo le di kgaphetsweng thoko ka lona.
- Ntlokokoano Bosetšhaba e dula e na le matla a go dira go simolola ka nako eo e fedisitsweng ka yona, kgotsa nako ya go fela gap aka ya yona, go fitlhela ka letsatsi pele ga ditlhopho tsa Ntokokoano e nngwe.
50. Go fedisiwa ga Ntlokokoano Bosetšhaba pele ga bokhutlo jwa paka ya yona
- Moporesidente o tshwanetse go fedissa Ntlokokoano Bosetšhaba fa –
- Ntlokokoano e amogetse tshwetso ya go fedisiwa go ya ka diboutu tsa bontsi jwa ditokololo tsa yona; le
- fa go fetile dingwaga di le tlhano e sale Khuduthamaga e tlhopilwe.
- Moporesidente wa nama-o tshwere o tshwanetse a fedisa Ntlokokoano Bosetšhaba fa –
- go na le phatlhatiro mo ofising ya Moporesidente; le
- fa khuduthama e palelwa ke go tlhopha Moporesidente o mošwa mo nakong ya matsatsi a le 30 morago ga go tlhagelela ga phatlhatiro.
51. Dipitso le dipaka tsa khunologo
-
Morago ga ditlhopho, pitso ya ntlha ya Ntlokokoano Bosetšhaba e tshwanetse go tshwariwa ka nako le letlha le le tlhomamisistweng ke Molaodi Mogolo, mme e seng fela morago ga matsatsi a le 14 fa dipholo tsa ditlhopho di fetsa go itsisiwe. Khuduthamaga e ka tlhomamisa nako le boleele jwa nako ya dipitso le dipaka tsa khunologo.
[Kl.(1) boemong jwa k. 1 ya Tlhabololo ya Botlhano ya Molaotheo wa Molao wa 2001.]
- Moporesidente a ka bitsa kopano e e kgethegileng ya Ntlokokoano Bosetšhaba, nako nngwe le nngwe go tshotla merero e e kgethegileng.
- Dikopano tsa Ntlokokoano Bosetšhaba di letleletswe go nna mo lefelong le lengwe ntle le bodulo jo bo tlwaelegileng jwa Palamente fela ka ntlha ya mabaka a dikgatlhegelo tsa setšhaba, pabalesego kgotsa kgonagalo le fa seo se letleletswe go ya melao le ditaelo tsa Ntlokokoano.
52. Mmusakgotla le Motlatsa Mmusakgotla
- Mo kopanong ya ntlha morago ga ditlhopho tsa yona, kgotsa fa go le botlhokwa go tlatsa phatlha, Ntlokokoano Bosetšhaba e tshwanetse go kgetha Mmusakgotla le Motlatsa Mmusakgotla mo gare ga ditokololo tsa yona.
-
Moatlhodi Mogolo o tshwanetse go etelapele tsamaiso fa go tlhophiwa 36 Mmusakgotla, kgotsa go laela moatlhodi mongwe go dira jaalo. Mmusakgotla o tshwanetse go etelapele tsamaiso fa go tlhophiwa Motlatsa Mmusakgotla.
[Kl.(2) boemong jwa k. 2 ya Molaotheo Tlhabololo ya Borataro Molao wa 2001.]
- Tsamaiso e e tlhalositsweng mo Kgaolo A ya Mametlelelo 3 e dirisiwa fa go tlhopiwa Mmusakgotla le Motlatsa Mmusakgotla.
- Ntlokokoano Bosetšhaba e ka tlosa Mmusakgotla kgotsa Motlatsa Mmusakgotla mo tirong fa go na le tumelano. Bontsi jwaa ditokololo tsa Ntlokokoano di tshwanetse go nna teng fa go diriwa tshwetso.
- Go ya melao le ditaelo tsa yona, Ntlokokoano Bosetšhaba e ka tlhopha mo gare ga ditokololo tsa yona batlhankedi ba bangwe go thusa Mmusakgotla le Motlatsa Mmusakgotla.
53. Ditshwetso
- Ntle le fa Molaotheo o laola ka tsela nngwe –
- bontsi ba ditokololo tsa Ntlokokoano Bosetšhaba di tshwanetse go nna teng pele go boutelwa Molaotlhomo kgotsa tlhabololo ya Molaotlhomo.
- bonnye nngwe-tharo ya ditokololo e tshwanetse go nna teng pele go diriwa boutu ka ga morero mongwe le mongwe fa pele ga Ntlokokoano; mme
- dipotso tsotlhe tsa Ntlokokoano di rarabololwa ka tumelano ya bontsi jwa diboutu.
- Tokololo ya Ntlokokoano Bosetšhaba e etelelang pele ditsamaiso ga e ena boutu ya tlwaelo; mme–
- o tshwanetse go dira boutu ya makgaolakgang fa diboutu di le maleka matlhakore oo mabedi; bile
- a ka bouta ka tlwaelo fa potso e tshwanetse go swediwa ka tumelano ya bonnye jwa pedi-tharo ya ditokololo tsa Ntlokokoano.
54. Ditshwanelo tsa ditokololo dingwe tsa Kabinete le Batlatsa Tona mo Ntlokokoano Bosetšhaba
Moporesidente le tokololo nngwe le nngwe ya Kabinete kgotsa Motlatsa Tona mongwe le mongwe yo e seng tokololo ya Ntlokokoano Bosetšhaba go tsamaelana le melao le ditaelo tsa Ntlokokoano a ka, tsenela kopano e bile a ka bua mo Ntlokokoano, mme fela ga a tshwanela go bouta.
[Kl.(54) boemong jwa k. 4 ya Tlhabololo ya Borataro ya Mplaptheo wa Molao wa 2001.]
55. Dithata tsa Ntlokokoano Bosetšhaba
- Go diragatsa dithata tsa yona tsa semolao, Ntlokokoano Bosetšhaba e ka–
- sekaseka, atlanegisa, tlhabolola kgotsa kgaphela thoko molao mongwe le mongwe o o tlhagelelang fa pele ga Ntlokokoano; le
- go simolola kgotsa go baakanya molao, ntle le Melaotlhomo ya ditšhelete.
- Ntlokokoano Bosetšhaba e tshwanetse go tlamela ka maemo –
- go netefatsa fa ditheo tsotlhe tsa khuduthamaga tsa lekala la puso ya bosetšhaba a ikarabela go Ntlokokoano Bosetšhaba; le
- go netefatsa tebelelo go –
- tiragatso ya bolaodi jwa khuduthamaga ya bosetšhaba, go akarediwa le tiragatso ya molao; le
- setheo sengwe le sengwe sa puso.
56. Bopaki kgotsa tshedimosetso fa pele ga Ntlokokoano Bosetšhaba
- Ntlokokoano Bosetšhaba kgotsa ngwe le ngwe ya dikomiti tsa yona di ka –
- bitsa mongwe le mongwe go tlhagelela fa pele ga yona go tlamela ka bopaki a ikanne kgotsa tshepisitse kgotsa go tlhagisa ditokomane;
- kopa mongwe le mongwe kgotsa setheo sengwe le sengwe go dira pegelo go Ntlokokoano Bosetšhaba;
- pateletsa go tsamaelana le ditaelo tsa molao wa bosetšhaba kgotsa melawana le ditaelo, mongwe le mongwe kgotsa setheo sengwe le sengwe go itepatepanya le mabaka a go bilediwa kgotlatshekelong kgotsa ditlhokego go tsamaelana le ditaelo tsa temana (a) kgotsa (b); le
- go amogela diphetišene, dingongorego kgotsa ditlhagiso tsa batho ba ba na leng kgatlhego kgotsa ditheo.
57. Dithulaganyo tsa ka fa teng, ditsamaiso le taolo ya Ntlokokoano Bosetšhaba
- Ntlokokoano Bosetšhaba e ka –
- tlhomamisa le go laola dithulaganyo tsa yona tsa tsamaiso le ditsela ya tsamaiso, le
- go dira melaa le ditaelo tebang le merero ya yona, mme e etse tlhoko kemedi le botsaya karolo jwa botlhe ka kgololosego.
- Melawana le ditaelo tsa Ntlokokoano Bosetšhaba di tshwanetse go tlamela ka –
- go tlhamiwa, sebopego, dithat, ditiro, tsamaiso le paka ya dikomiti tsa yona;
- botsaya karolo mo ditsamaisong tsa Ntlokokoano le dikomiti tsa yona tsa makoko a potlana a na leng boemedi mo Ntlokokoano, ka mokgwa wa kgololosego;
- thuso ya tšhelete le tsamaiso ya lekoko lengwe le lengwe le le na leng kemedi mo Ntlokokoano go ya ka selekanyo sa baemedi ba sona, go kgontsha lekoko le moeteledipele wa lona go dira ditiro tsa bona mo Ntlokokoano ka manontlhotlho; le
- kamogelo ya moeteledi wa lekoko le legolo la kganetso mo Ntlokokoano jaaka Moeteledi wa Kganetso.
58. Ditetlelelo
- Ditokololo tsa Kabinete, Batlatsa Ditona le ditokololo tsa Ntlokokoano Bosetšhaba –
- ba na le kgololosego ya puo mo Ntlokokoano le mo dikomiting tsa yona, go ya ka melawana le ditaelo tsa yona; e bile
- ga ba rwale maikarabelo a kgetse ya ngongorego ya semolao kgotsa ya bosenyi, go tshwarwa, kotlhao ya kgolegelo kgotsa tuelo boemong jwa molato ka ntlha ya –
- sengwe le sengwe se ba se buileng, ba se kwadileng kgotsa tlhagisitseng mo Ntlokokoano kgotsa go nngwe le nngwe ya dikomiti tsa yona; kgotsa
- sengwe le sengwe se se utulotsweng ka ntlha ya se ba se buileng mo, se rebotseng fa pele ga, kgotsa tlhagisitseng mo Ntlokokoano kgotsa nngwe le nngwe ya dikomiti tsa yona.
- Ditetlelelo le ditshireletsego tse dingwe tsa Ntlokokoano Bosetšhaba, ditokololo tsa kabinete le ditokololo tsa Ntlokokoano di ka atlenegisiwa ka molao wa Bosetšhaba.
-
Meputso, diallawanse le ditshiamelo tse di duelwang ditokololo tsa Ntlokokoano Bosetšhaba di duelwa ka tlhamalalo go tswa go Letlole la Lotseno la Bosetšhaba.
[K.58 boemong jwa k. 4 ya Molaotheo wa Tlhabololo ya Borataro ya Molao wa 2001.]
59. Go Phitlhelelega ga le botsaya karolo jwa setšhaba mo Ntlokokoano Bosetšhaba
- Ntlokokoano Bosetšhaba e tshwanetse –
- go kgonagatsa botsaya karolo jwa setšhaba mo melaong le mo mererong e mengwe ya Ntlokokoano le dikomiti tsa yona; le
- go tsamaisa merero ya yona mo phatlalatseng, le go tshwara dikopano tsa yona, le ya dikomiti tsa yona mo phatlalatseng; mme, go tshwanetse go tsewa dikgato tse di maleba –
- go laola phitlhelelo ya botlhe, go akarediwa phitlhelelo ya Ntlokokoano le dikomiti tsa yona ke baphasalatsi; le
- go rulaganya phuruphutso ya mongwe le mongwe, mme fa go le maleba, kiletso ya go tsena kgotsa go tlosiwa ga mongwe le mongwe.
- Ntlokokoano Bosetšhaba ga ya tshwanela go thibela setšhaba, go akarediwa le baphasalatsi go tsenela kopano ya nngwe ya dikomiti tsa yona, ntle le fa go le matshwanedi e bile go siame go dira jaalo mo pontsheng le kgololosego ya setšhaba.
Khansele ya Bosetšhaba ya Diporofense
60. Sebopego sa Khansele ya Bosetšhaba
- Khansele ya Bosetšhaba ya Diporofense e bopilwe ka moemedi a le nosi go tswa go porofense nngwe le nngwe, e na le baemedi ba le lesome.
- Baemedi ba ba lesome ke –
- Baemedi ba bane ba ba kgethegileng e leng –
- Tonakgolo ya porofense kgotsa, fa Tonakgolo e seyo, tokololo nngwe le nngwe ya kgotla-peomolao ya porofense e e tlhopilweng ke Tonakgolo e ka kakaretso kgotsa mabapi le tiro e e kgethegileng fa pele ga Khansele ya Bosetšhaba ya Diporofense; le
- baemedi ba bangwe ba bararo ba ba kgethegileng, le
- baemedi ba ba rataro ba leruri ba ba kgethilweng go ya ka ditaelo tsa karolo 61(2).
- Tonakgolo ya porofense, kgotsa fa Tonakgolo a seyo, tokololo ya barongwa ba porofense yo o tlhopilweng ke Tonakgolo, Tonakgolo ke ena moeteledipele wa kemedi.
61. Kabelo ya baemedi
- Makoko a a na leng boemedi mo Kgotla-peomolao ya porofense ba letleletswe go nna le barongwa mo boemeding jwa porofense go ya ka tekanyetso e e tlhalositsweng mo Karolo B ya Mametlelelo 3.
-
- Mo malatsing a le 30 morago ga phatlatso ya dipholo tsa ditlhopho, kgotla- peomolao ya porofense, e tshwanetse –
- go tlhomamisa, go tsamaelana le molao wa bosetšhaba gore ke barongwa ba le kae ba ba tla nna kemedi ya leruri, e bile gape ke ba kae ba ba tla nnang baemedi ba ba kgethegileng; le
- go tlhopa barongwa ba leruri go ya ka mokgwa tlhagiso ya makoko.
-
……
[Tema (b) e tlogetswe ke Molaotheo Tlhabololo ya Bosomenne wa Molao wa 2008.]
[Kl.(2) [Kl.(2) boemong jwa k. 1 ya Molaotheo Tlhabololo ya Borobongwe ya Molao wa 2002 le ka k. 1 ya Molaotheo Tlhabololo ya Bosomenne wa Molao wa 2008]
- Molao wa bosetšhaba o o tlhalositsweng mo karolotlaleletso (2)(a) e tshwanetse go netefatsa kemedi botsaya karolo jwa makoko-potlana mo maphateng oo mabedi, go kemedi ya leruri le kemedi e e kgethegileng ka mokgwa wa kgololosego.
- Kgotla-peomolao ya porofense ka tumelelano ya Tonakgolo le baeteledipele ba makoko a a na leng tetla ya baemedi ba ba kgethegileng go barongwa ba porofense, e tshwanetse go tlhopa barongwa ba ba kgethegileng, nako le nako fa go tlhokega, go tswa go maloko mangwe a kgotla-peomolao.
62. Baemedi ba leruri
- Motho yo o kgethilweng jaaka moemedi wa leruri o tshwanetse go nna le tshiamelo ya go nna tokololo ya kgotla-peomolao ya porofense.
- Fa motho yo e leng tokololo ya kgotla-peomolao ya porofense a tlhopiwa jaaka moemedi wa leruri, motho yoo o tlogela go nna tokololo ya kgotla-peomolao ya porofense.
- Baemedi ba leruri ba tlhopiwa paka e felang -
- ka bonako, pele ga kopano ya ntlha ya kgotla-peomolao ya porofense morago ga tlhopo.
-
…….
[Tema (b) e tlogetswe ka k. 2 ya Molaotheo Tlhabololo ya Bosomenne ya Molao wa 2008.]
[Kl.(3) e emetswe ke k. 2 ya Molaotheo Tlhabololo ya Borobongwe ya Molao wa 2002 le go emelwa ke kl 2 ya Molaotheo Tlhabololo ya Bosomenne ya Molao wa 2008]
- Motho o khutla go nna moemedi wa leruri fa motho yoo –
- a khutla go nonofela go ka tlhophiwa go nna tokololo ya kgotlapeomolao ya porofense; ka ntlha ya lebaka lengwe ntle le go kgethiwa go nna moemedi wa leruri;
- a kgethetswe go ya kwa Kabineteng;
- a latlhegetswe ke boikanyego jwa kgotlapeomolao e bile a bilediwa morago ke lekoko le le tlhagisitseng motho yoo;
- a khutla go nna tokololo ya lekoko le le mo kgethileng e bile a bilediwa morago ke lekoko leo; kgotsa
- a seyo mo Khanseleng ya Bosetšhaba ya Diporofense ntle le tetla mo mabakeng a melawana le ditaelo tsa Khansele di laetseng tatlhegelo ya tiro jaaka moemedi wa leruri.
- Diphatlhatiro mo baemeding ba leruri di tshwanetse go tladiwa ka mabaka a peomolao ya bosetšhaba.
- Pele ditokololo di simolola go dira ditiro tsa tsona mo Khanseleng ya Bosetšhaba ya Diporofense, di tshwanetse go ikana, kgotsa go dumela boikanyego ba bona mo Rephaboliking le boikobo mo Molaotheong, go ya ka Mametlelelo 2.
63. Dipitso tsa Khansele ya Bosetšhaba
- Khansele ya Bosetšhaba ya Diporofense e ka tlhoma nako le boleele ba dipitso tsa yona le dipaka tsa khunologo.
- Poresidente a ka epa pitso ya Khansele ya Bosetšhaba go tla pitsong e e kgethegileng ka nako nngwe le nngwe go tsamaisa merero e e kgethegileng.
- Dipitso tsa Khansele ya Bosetšhaba ya Diporofense di letleletswe go nna kwa mafelong mangwe ntle le bodulo ba Palamente fela mo mabakeng a kgatlhego ya botlhe, pabalesego kgotsa tshiamelo le fa go rulaganyeditswe mo melawaneng le ditaelo tsa Khansele.
64. Modulasetulo le Batlatsa Modulasetulo
- Khansele ya Bosetšhaba ya Diporofense e tshwanetse go tlhopha Modulasetulo le Batlatsamodulasetulo ba babedi go tswa mo baemeding.
- Modulasetulo le mongwe wa Batlatsamodulasetulo ba tlhophiwa go tswa mo baemeding ba leruri, dingwaga di le tlhano ntle le fa paka ya bona jaaka baemedi e fela pele ya nako.
- Motlatsa Modulasetulo o mongwe o tlhophiwa paka ya ngwaga o le mongwe, e bile o tshwanetse go latelwa ke moemedi go tswa porofenseng e nngwe, gore porofense nngwe le nngwe e emelwe ka go latelana jalo.
-
Moatlhodimogolo o tshwanetse go okama ditlhopho tsa Modulasetulo, kgotsa a tlhoma yo mongwe wa baatlhodi go dira jalo. Modulasetulo o okama go tlhophiwa ga Batlatsamodulasetulo.
[Kl.(4) e emetswe ke k. 5 ya Molaotheo Tlhabololo wa Borataro wa Molao wa 2001.]
- Thulaganyo e e atoloswang mo Karolong A ya Mametlelelo 3 e dira mo go tlhophiweng ga Modulasetulo le Batlatsamodulasetulo.
- Khansele ya Bosetšhaba e ka rola Modulasetulo kgotsa Motlatsamodulasetulo tiro.
- Go ya ka melao le ditaelo tsa yona Khansele ya Bosetšhaba ya Diporofense e ka tlhopha go tswa mo baemeding baokamedi ba bangwe gape go thusa Modulasetulo le Batlatsabadulasetulo.
65. Ditshwetso
- Ntle le fa Molaotheo o rulaganyeditseng ka mokgwa o sele –
- porofense nngwe le nngwe e na le boutu e le esi e e neewang mo boemong ba porofense ke tlhogo ya kemedi ya yona; le
- dipotso tsotlhe tse di fa pele ga Khansele ya Bosetšhaba ya Diporofense di rarabololwa ke fa bonnye diporofense tse tlhano di bouta go dumelelana le potso.
- Molao wa Palamente, o o tlhomilweng go ya ka tsamaiso e e beilweng ka karolwana(1) kgotsa karolwana(2) ya karolo 76, o tshwanetse go rulaganyetsa tsamaiso e e tshwanang mo mabakeng a diporofense di rolelang thata mo dikemeding tsa tsona go neela diboutu mo boeng ba tsona.
66. Go tsaya karolo ga ditokololo tsa khuduthamaga ya Bosetšhaba
- Ditokololo tsa Kabinete le Batlatsa Tona, ba ka tsena pitso, e bile ba ka bua mo Khanseleng, mme ga ba letlelwe go bouta.
- Khansele ya Bosetšhaba ya diporofense e ka lopa tokololo ya Kabinete,Motlatsa Tona, kgotsa motlhankedi mo khuduthamageng ya bosetšhaba kgotsa ya porofense go tsena pitso ya Khansele kgotsa ya komiti ya Khansele.
67. Go tsaya karolo ga baemedi ba dipuso selegae
Palo e e sa feteng lesome ya baemedi ba nakwana ba ba rebotsweng ke pusoselegae e e rulaganeng, mo mabakeng a karolo 163, go emela ditlhopa tse di farologaneng tsa bommasepala, ba ka tsaya karolo fa go tlhokega mo ditsamaisong tsa Khansele ya Bosetšhaba ya Diporofense, mme ga ba na go bouta.
68. Dithata tsa Khansele ya Bosetšhaba
- Mo go diragatseng dithata tsa yona tsa peomolao, Khansele ya Bosetšhaba ya Diporofense e ka –
- sekaseka, atlanegisa, tlhabolola, tlhagisa ntlha ya tlhabolola, kgotsa ya kgaphela thoko peomolao nngwe le nngwe e e fa pele ga Khansele go ya ka kgaolo e; e bile
- e ka simolola kgotsa ya baakanya peomolao e e welang mo karolong ya tiragatso e e kwadilweng mo lenaneong la Mametlelelo 4 kgotsa peomolao nngwe e e umakiwang mo karolong 76(3), fela e ka se simolole kgotsa ya baakanya Melaotlhomo ya ditšhelete.
69. Bopaki kgotsa tshedimosetso fa pele ga Khansele ya Bosetšhaba
- Khansele ya Bosetšhaba ya Diporofense kgotsa nngwe le nngwe ya dikomiti tsa yona e ka –
- bitsa ka molao motho mongwe le mongwe go tlhagelela fa pele ga yona go neela bopaki ka go ikana kgotsa go dumela kgotsa go supa dikwalo;
- e ka lopa setheo kgotsa motho mongwe le mongwe go e neela pego;
- e ka pateletsa, ka mabaka a peomolao ya bosetšhaba kgotsa melawana le ditaelo, motho mongwe le mongwe kgotsa setheo go inaakanya le taelo ya go tlhagelela fa pele ga yona mo mabakeng a temana (a) kgotsa (b); le
- go amogela diphetišene, boemedi kgotsa ditlhagiso go tswa go batho kgotsa ditheo dingwe le dingwe tse di nang le kgatlhego.
70. Dithulaganyo tsa ka fa teng, ditsweletso le ditsamaiso tsa Khansele ya Bosetšhaba
- Khansele ya Bosetšhaba ya Diporofense e ka –
- tlhomamisa le go laola dithulaganyo tsa yona tsa ka fa teng, ditsweletso le ditsamaiso; le
- go tlhama melawana le ditaelo tebang le merero ya yona, ka tlhokomelo ya boemedi le tseokarolo ya demokerasi, maikarabelo, e e mo pontsheng le kamego ya botlhe.
- Melawana le ditaelo tsa Khansele ya Bosetšhaba ya Diporofense e tshwanela go rulaganyetsa –
- go tlhomiwa, go bopiwa, maatla, ditiro, ditsamaiso le pakatiro ya dikomiti tsa yona;
- go tsaya karolo ga diporofense mo ditsamaisong tsa yona ka mokgwa o o tsamaelanang le demokerasi;
- go tsaya karolo mo ditsamaisong tsa Khansele, le dikomiti tsa yona, ga makokopotlana a a emetsweng mo Khanseleng, ka mokgwa o o tsamaelanang le demokerasi, gangwe le gape fa morero o tshwanetse go swediwa go ya ka karolo 75.
71. Ditetlelelo
- Baemedi go Khanseleng ya Bosetšhaba ya Diporofense, le batho ba ba umakiwang mo dikarolong 66 le 67 –
- ba na le kgololosego ya go bua mo Khanseleng le mo dikomiting tsa yona, go ya ka ga taolo ya melawana le ditaelo tsa yona; gape
- ga go dikgato fa tlase ga molao wa selegae kgotsa wa tshenyo tse di katsewang kgatlhanong le bona, ga ba na ba tshwarwa, ba tlhatlhelwa kgotsa ba duela ditshenyegelo ka ntlha ya –
- sengwe le sengwe se ba se buileng mo, ba se supileng fa pele, kgotsa ba se tlhagisitseng go Khansele, kgotsa nngwe ya dikomiti tsa yona; kgotsa
- sengwe le sengwe se se upulotseng ka ntlha ya sengwe le sengwe se ba se buileng mo, ba se supileng fa pele, kgotsa ba se tlhagisitseng go Khansele, kgotsa nngwe ya dikomiti tsa yona.
- Ditetlelelo le ditshireletsego dingwe tsa Khansele ya Bosetšhaba ya Diporofense, baemedi go Khansele, le batho ba ba umakilweng mo dikarolong 66 le 67, di ka bewa ke peomolao ya bosetšhaba.
- Dituelo, ditshiamelo-ketla le dithuso tse di duelwang ditokololo tsa leruri tsa Khansele ya Bosetšhaba ya Diporofense ke tsa tuelo e e tlhamaletseng go tswa Letloleng la Lotseno la Bosetšhaba.
72. Phitlhelelo le go tsaya karolo ga botlhe mo Khanseleng ya Bosetšhaba
- Khansele ya Bosetšhaba ya Diporofense e tshwanela go –
- kgontsha go tsaya karolo ga botlhe mo peomolaong le mo ditiragalong tsotlhe tsa Khansele le dikomiti tsa yona, le
- go tsamaisa merero ya yona ka mokgwa o o mo pontsheng, le go tsenya dipitso, le ka ga dikomiti tsa yona, mo phatlalatseng; mme, dikgato tse di isegang di ka tsewa –
- go laola phitlhelelo ya botlhe, go akarediwa phitlhelelo ya bophasalatsi, go Khansele le dikomiti tsa yona; le
- go rulaganyetsa phuruphutso ya motho mongwe le mongwe, le, fa go tshwanela, go kganela go tsena kgotsa go tlosiwa ga motho mongwe le mongwe.
- Khansele ya Bosetšhaba ya Diporofense e ka seka ya thibela setšhaba, go akaretsa le bophasalatsi, mo pitsong ya komiti ya yona, ntle le fa go le matshwanedi e bile go siame go dira jalo mo boaging jo bo buletsweng botlhe le ba demokerasi.
Tiragatso ya Peomolao ya Bosetšhaba
73. Melaotlhomo Yotlhe
- Molaotlhomo mongwe le mongwe o ka tlhagisiwa mo Kokoanong ya Bosetšhaba.
- Ke fela tokololo ya Kabinete kgotsa Motlatsa Tona, kgotsa tokololo, kgotsa komiti, ya Kokoano, e e ka tlhagisang Molaotlhomo mo Kokoanong, mme ke fela tokololo ya Kabinete e e rweleng maikarabelo a merero ya ditšhelete tsa bosetšhaba e ka tlhagisang Melaotlhomo e e latelang mo Kokoanong:
- Molaotlhomo wa madi, kgotsa
- Molaotlhomo o o tlamelang peomolao e e akanngwang mo karolong 214.
[Kl.(2) e emetswe ke k. 1(a) ya Molaotheo Tlhabololo wa Bosupa wa Molao wa 2001]
-
Molaotlhomo o o umakiwang mo karolong 76(3), ntle le Molaotlhomo o o kailweng mo karolwaneng(2)(a) kgotsa(b) ya karolo e, o ka tlhagisiwa mo Khanseleng ya Bosetšhaba ya Diporofense.
[Kl.(3) e emetswe ke k. 1(b) Molaotheo Tlhabololo wa Bosupa wa Molao wa 2001.]
- Ke fela tokololo, kgotsa komiti ya Khansele ya Bosetšhaba ya Diporofense e ka tlhagisang Molaotlhomo mo Khanseleng.
- Molaotlhomo o o fetisitsweng ke Kokoano Bosetšhaba o tshwanelwa go romelwa go Khansele ya Bosetšhaba ya Diporofense, fa o tshwanela go sekegelwa ke Khansele; Molaotlhomo o o fetisitsweng ke Khansele o tshwanetse go romelwa go Kokoano Bosetšhaba.
74. Melaotlhomo e e tlhabololang Molaotheo
- Karolo 1 le karolwana e, di ka tlhabololwa ke Molaotlhomo o o fetisitsweng ke –
- Kokoano Bosetšhaba ka tshegetso ya diboutu tsa bonnye ba diperesente di le 75 tsa maloko a yona; le
- Khansele ya Bosetšhaba ya Diporofense, ka tshegetso ya diboutu tsa bonnye ba diporofense di le thataro.
- Kgaolo ya 2 e ka tlhabololwa ke Molaotlhomo o o fetisitsweng ke –
- Kokoano Bosetšhaba ka tshegetso ya diboutu tsa bonnye ba pedi-tharong tsa maloko a yona; le
- Khansele ya Bosetšhaba ya Diporofense, ka tshegetso ya diboutu tsa bonnye ba diporofense di le thataro.
- Kaelo nngwe le nngwe ya Molaotheo e ka tlhabololwa ke Molaotheo o o fetisitsweng ke –
- Kokoano Bosetšhaba, ka tshegetso ya diboutu tsa bonnye ba pedi-tharong tsa maloko a yona; le
- Gape ke Khansele ya Bosetšhaba ya Diporofense, ka tshegetso ya diboutu tsa bonnye ba diporofense di le thataro, fa tlhabololo –
- e golagane le ntlha e e amang Khansele;
- e fetola melelwane ya porofense, dithata, ditiro kgotsa ditheo; kgotsa
- e tlhabolola kaelo e e golaganeng ka tlhamalalo le ntlha ya porofense.
- Molaotlhomo o o tlhabololang Molaotheo o ka seka wa akaretsa dikaelo dingwe ntle le ditlhabololo tsa molaotheo le dintlha tse di golaganeng le ditlhabololo.
- Bonnye malatsi a le 30 pele Molaotheo o o fetolang Molaotheo o tlhagisiwa go ya ka karolo 73(2), motho kgotsa komiti e e ikaelelang go tlhagisa Molaotlhomo e tshwanetse –
- Go phasalatsa mo kaseteng ya bosetšhaba ya puso, go ya ka melao le ditaelotsa Kokoano Bosetšhaba, dintlha tsa tlhabololo e e ikaeletsweng gore botlhe ba tshwaele mo go yona;
- Go neela, go ya ka melao le ditaelo tsa Kokoano, dintlha tseo go Kgotlapeomolao ya Porofense go tlhagisa maikutlo a bona; le
- Go neela go ya ka melao le ditaelo tsa Khansele ya Bosetšhaba ya Diporofense, dintlha tse go kgontsha gore botlhe ba ganetsane ka tsona, fa tlhabololo e e tsikinngwang e se tlhabololo e go tlhokegang gore e fetisiwe ke Khansele.
- Fa Molaotlhomo o o tlhabololang Molaotheo o tlhagisiwa la ntlha, motho kgotsa komiti e e tlhagisang Molaotlhomo e tshwanetse go neela ditshwaelo dingwe le dingwe tse di kwadilweng tse di amogetsweng go tswa mo bathong botlhe le dikgotlapeomolao tsa diporofense –
- go Mmusakgotla go di tlhagisa mo Kokoanong Bosetšhaba; le
- go ya ka ditlhabololo tse di umakiwang mo karolwaneng(1)(2) kgotsa(3)(b), go Modulasetilo wa Khansele ya Bosetšhaba ya Diporofense go di sekaseka mo Khanseleng.
- Molaotlhomo o o tlhabololang Molaotheo o ka seka wa boutelwa mo Kokoanong Bosetšhaba mo malatsing a le 30 a –
- go tlhagisiwa ga ona, fa Kokoano e le mo pitsong fa Molaotlhomo o tlhagisiwa; kgotsa
- go sekasekwa ga ona mo Kokoanong, fa Kokoano e le mo boikhutsong fa Molaotlhomo o tlhagisiwa.
- Fa Molaotlhomo o o umakiwang mo karolwaneng 3(b), kgotsa karolo nngwe le nngwe ya Molaotlhomo, o ama fela porofense e e rileng kgotsa diporofense, Khansele ya Bosetšhaba ya Diporofense e ka seka ya fetisa Molaotlhomo kgotsa karolo e e amegang, ntle le fa e amogetswe ke Kgotlapeomolao kgotsa Dikgotlapeomolao tsa porofense kgotsa diporofense tse di amegang.
- Molaotlhomo o o tlhabololang Molaotheo o o amogetsweng ke Kokoano Bosetšhaba, le foo go leng maleba, ke Khansele ya Bosetšhaba ya Diporofense, o tshwanetse go neelwa Poresidente gore a o rebole.
75. Melaotlhomo ya gale e e sa ameng diporofense
- Fa Kokoano Bosetšhaba e atlanegisa Molaotlhomo o o welang kwa ntle ga makala a tiragatso a a kwadilweng mo karolong 74 kgotsa 76 e dirang, Molaotlhomo o tshwanetse o go romelwa go Khansele ya Bosetšhaba ya Diporofense le gore o sekasekwe go ya ka thulaganyo e e latelang:
- Khansele e tshwanela go –
- atlanegisa Molaotlhomo;
- atlanegisa Molaotlhomo ka taolo ya ditlhabololo tse di tshisintsweng ke yona; kgotsa ya
- kgapela Molaotlhomo thoko.
- Fa Khansele e atlanegisa Molaaotlhomo ntle le go tshitshinya ditlhabololo, Molaothomo o tshwanelwa go neelwa Poresidente go o rebola.
- Fa Khansele e kgapela Molaotlhomo thoko kgotsa e o fetisa ka ditlhabololo, Kokoano Bosetšhaba e tshwanetse go sekegela Molaotlhomo gape, go tsewa tsiya tlhabololo nngwe le nngwe e e tshitshintsweng ke Khansele, gape e ka –
- fetisa Molaotlhomo gape, o na le kgotsa ntle le ditlhabololo; kgotsa
- ya swetsa go se tswelele ka Molaotlhomo.
- Molaotlhomo o o atlanegisitsweng ke Kokoano Bosetšhaba mo mabakeng a tema(c) o tshwanela go tlhagiswa go Poresidente go rebola.
- Fa Khansele ya Bosetšhaba ya Diporofense e boutela ntlha e e atlhaatlhiwang mo mabakeng a karolo e, karolo 65 ga e dire; mme boemong ba se –
- mongwe le mongwe wa baemedi ba porofense o na le boutu e le esi;
- nngwe-tharong ya baemedi ba tshwanetse go nna teng pele go boutelwa ntlha eo;
- ntlha e swetswa ka bontsi ba diboutu tse di neetsweng, mme fa go le palo e e maleka ya diboutu ka fa matlhakoreng oomabedi a ntlha, moemedi o a okameng o tshwanela go neela boutu ya makgaolakgang.
76. Melaotlhomo ya gale e e amang diporofense
- Fa Kokoano Bosetšhaba e fetisa Molaotlhomo o o kwadilweng mo dikarolwaneng(3),(4) kgotsa(5) mo Molaotlhomo o, o tshwanetse go romelwa kwa Khanseleng ya Bosetšhaba ya Diporofense gore o sekasekwe go ya ka dithulaganyo tse di latelang:
- Kokoano Bosetšhaba e tshwanelwa ke go –
- fetisa Molaotlhomo;
- fetisa Molaotlhomo o o tlhabolotsweng; kgotsa
- go kgapela Molaotlhomo thoko.
- Fa Molaotlhomo o o amogetsweng ke Kokoano Bosetšhaba ntle le tlhabololo, Molaotlhomo o tshwanelwa ke go neelwa Poresidente go rebola.
- Fa Kokoano Bosetšhaba e fetisa Molaotlhomo o o tlhabolotsweng, Molaotlhomo o o tlhabolotsweng o tshwanelwa go romelwa go Khanseleng ya Bosetšhaba, mme fa Khansele e fetisa Molaotlhomo o o tlhabolotsweng, o tshwanelwa go neelwa Poresidente go o rebola.
- Fa Khansele ya Bosetšhaba e kgapela Molaotlhomo thoko, kgotsa fa Kokoano Bosetšhaba e kgapela thoko Molaotlhomo o o tlhabolotsweng oo rometsweng kwa go yona go ya ka mabaka a temana(c), Molaotlhomo o, fa go le maleba, le, 52 Molaotlhomo o o tlhabolotsweng, e tshwanelwa go romelwa wa Komiting ya Botsereganyi, e e ka dumelelanang ka –
- Molaotlhomo jaaka o fetisitswe ke Kokoano;
- Molaotlhomo o o tlhabolotsweng jaaka o fetisitswe ke Khansele; kgotsa
- Sebopego se sengwe sa Molaotlhomo.
- Fa Komiti ya Botsereganyi e sa kgone go dumelelana mo malatsing a le 30, Ka Molaotlhomo o rometsweng mo go yone, Molaotlhomo ga o sa tlhole o dira ntle le fa Kokoano Bosetšhaba e ka fetisa Molaotlhomo gape, mme e tshegeditswe ke boutu ya bonnye pedi-tharong ya ditokololo tsa yona.
- Fa Komiti ya Botsereganyi e dumelelana ka Molaotlhomo jaaka o fetisitswe ke Kokoano Bosetšhaba, Molaotlhomo o tshwanela go romelwa Khansele ya Bosetšhaba, mme fa Khansele e fetisa Molaotlhomo, Molaotlhomo o tshwanela go newa Poresidente go o rebola.
- Fa Komiti ya Botsereganyi e dumelelana ka Molaotlhomo o o tlhabolotsweng jaaka o fetisitswe ke Kokoano Bosetšhaba, Molaotlhomo o tshwanelwa go romelwa kwa Khanseleng ya Bosetšhaba, mme fa o fetisiwa ke Khansele, o tshwanelwa wa neelwa Poresidente go o rebola.
- Fa Komiti ya Botsereganyi e dumelelana ka sebopego sengwe sa Molaotlhomo, sebopego seo sa Molaotlhomo se tshwanela go romelwa go Kokoano Bosetšhaba le Khansele ya Bosetšhaba, mme fa se fetisiwa ke Kokoano le Khansele, se tshwanetse go neelwa Poresidente go se rebola.
- Fa Molaotlhomo o rometswe kwa Khanseleng ya Bosetšhaba go ya ka tema (f) kgotsa (h) mme o sa fetisiwe ke Khansele, Molaotlhomo ga o sa tlhole o dira, ntle le fa Kokoano Bosetšhaba e fetisa Molaotlhomo e tshegeditswe ke boutu ya bonnye ba pedi-tharong ya maloko a yona.
- Fa Molaotlhomo o rometswe kwa Kokoanong ya Bosetšhaba ka mabaka a tema (g) kgotsa (h) o sa fetisiwe ke Kokoano, Molaotlhomo ga o sa tlhole o dira, mme Molaotlhomo jaaka o ne o fetisitswe ke Kokoano pele, o ka fetisiwa gape ke Kokoano, mme o tshegediwa ke boutu ya bonnye peditharong ya ditokololo tsa yona.
- Molaotlhomo o o fetisitsweng ke Kokoano Bosetšhaba mo mabakeng a tema (e),(i) kgotsa (j) o tshwanelwa go romelwa go Poresidente go o rebola.
- Fa Khansele ya Bosetšhaba ya Diporofense e fetisa Molaotlhomo o o welang mo lekaleng la tiragatso e e kwadilweng mo karolwaneng (3), Molaotlhomo o tshwanelwa go romelwa go Kokoano Bosetšhaba gore go dirwe ka ona go ya ka thulaganyo e e latelang:
- Kokoano Bosetšhaba e tshwanelwa ke go –
- fetisa Molaotlhomo;
- fetisa Molaotlhomo o o fetotsweng; kgotsa
- go kgaphela Molaotlhomo thoko.
- Molaotlhomo o o amogetsweng tse Kokoano Bosetšhaba go ya ka temana (a)(i) o tshwanelwa go neelwa Poresidente go o rebola.
- Fa Kokoano Bosetšhaba e fetisa Molaotlhomo o o tlhabolotsweng, Molaotlhomo o o tlhabolotsweng o tshwanetse go romelwa go Khansele ya Bosetšhaba, mme fa Khansele e fetisa Molaotlhomo o o tlhabolotsweng o tshwanelwa go romelwa go Poresidente go o rebola.
- Fa Kokoano Bosetšhaba e kgaphela Molaotlhomo thoko, kgotsa fa Khansele ya Bosetšhaba e gana go fetisa Molaotlhomo o o tlhabolotsweng o o rometsweng go yona go ya ka tema(c), Molaotlhomo, fa go le maleba, Molaotlhomo o o tlhabolotsweng, di tshwanelwa go romela kwa Komiting ya Botsereganyi, e e ka nnang ya dumelelana ka –
- molaotlhomo jaaka e fetisitswe ke Khansele;
- molaotlhomo o o tlhabolotsweng jaaka o fetisitswe ke Kokoano; kgotsa
- sebopego se sengwe sa Molaotlhomo.
- Fa komiti ya Botsereganyi e sa kgone go dumelelana mo malatsing a le 30 ka Molaotlhomo o rometsweng mo go one, Molaotlhomo ga o sa tlhole o dira.
- Fa Komiti ya Botsereganyi e dumelelana ka Molaotlhomo jaaka o fetisitswe ke Khansele ya Bosetšhaba, Molaotlhomo o tshwanetse go romelwa kwa Kokoano Bosetšhaba, mme fa Kokoano e fetisa Molaotlhomo, Molaotlhomo o tshwanelwa wa neelwa Poresidente go o rebola.
- Fa Komiti ya Botsereganyi e dumelana ka Molaotlhomo o o tlhabolotsweng jaaka o fetisitswe ke Kokoano Bosetšhaba, Molaotlhomo o tshwanelwa wa romelwa go Khansele ya Bosetšhaba, mme fa o fetisiwa ke Khansele, o tshwanelwa wa neelwa Poresidente go o rebola.
- Fa Komiti ya Botsereganyi e dumelelana ka sebopego se sengwe sa Molaotlhomo, sebopego seo sa Molaotlhomo se tshwanela go romelwa kwa Khanseleng ya Bosetšhaba le Kokoano Bosetšhaba ka bobedi, mme fa se fetisiwa ke Khansele le Kokoano, se tshwanelwa go romelwa go Poresidente go se rebola.
- Fa Molaotlholmo o rometswe go Kokoano Bosetšhaba go ya ka tema(f) kgotsa(h) mme o sa fetisiwe ke Kokoano Bosetšhaba, Molaotlhomo ga o sa tlhole o dira.
- Molaotlhomo o ka sekasekwa go ya ka thulaganyo e e tlhomamisitsweng mo karolwaneng(1) kgotsa(2) fa go rulaganyetswa peomolao ka ponelopele mo go nngwe le nngwe ya dikarolo tse di latelang,
- karolo 65(2);
- karolo 163;
- karolo 182;
- karolo 195(3)le(4);
- karolo 196; le
- karolo 197.
- Molaotlhomo o tshwanelwa go sekasekwa go ya ka thulaganyo e e tlhomamisitsweng ke karolwana (1) fa e o rulaganyetsa peomolao–
- e e bonelwang pele mo karolong 44(2), kgotsa 220(3); kgotsa
-
e e bonelwang pele golo gongwe mo Kgaolong 13, e e amang dikgatlhego tsa matlotlo tsa lekala la puso ya porofense.
[Tema(b) e emetswe ke k. 1 Molaotheo Tlhabololo wa Bosomenngwe wa Molao wa 2003.]
- Molaotlhomo o o akantsweng mo karolo 42(6) o tshwanelwa go sekasekwa go ya ka thulaganyo e e tlhomilweng mo go karolwana (1), ntle le fa –
- fa Kokoano Bosetšhaba e boutela ka Molaotlhomo, dikaelo tsa karolo 53 (1) ga di dire; boemong ba se, Molaotlhomo o ka fetisiwa fela fa bontsi baditokololo tsa Kokoano di bouta go dumelelana le ona; le
- fa Molaotlhomo o romelwa go Komiti ya Botsereganyi, melawana e e latelang e a dira:
- Fa Kokoano Bosetšhaba e sekaseka Molaotlhomo jaaka o akantswe mo go karolwana(1) (g) kgotsa(h), Molaotlhomo oo, o ka fetisiwa fela fa bontsi ba ditokololo tsa Kokoano ba bouta go dumelelana le ona.
- Fa Kokoano Bosetšhaba e sekaseka Molaotlhomo jaaka o akantswe mo go karolwana(1)(e),(i) kgotsa (j), Molaotlhomo oo o ka fetisiwa fela fa bonnye pedi-tharong ba ditokololo tsa Kokoano ba bouta go dumelelana le ona.
- Karolo e, ga e amane le Melaotlhomo ya ditšhelete.
77. Melaotlhomo ya Tšhelete
- Molaotlhomo ke Molaotlhomo wa tšhelete fa o,
- lekanyetsa tšhelete;
- duedisa makgetho a bosetšhaba, makgethwana, ditefelo kgotsa dituediso tsa tlaleletso;
- fedisa kgotsa o fokotsa, kgotsa o rebola dikgololo mo makgethong mangwe le mangwe a bosetšhaba, makgethwana, ditefelo kgotsa dituediso tsa tlaleletso; kgotsa
- dumelela dituediso tsa tlhamalalo kgatlhanong le Letlole la Lotseno la Bosetšhaba, ntle le Molaotlhomo o o akanngwang mo karolong 214 o o dumelelang dituediso tsa tlhamalalo.
- Molaotlhomo wa tšhelete ga o tshwanelwa go samagana le morero mongwe ntle le -
- morero o monnye malebana le tekanyetso ya tšhelete;
- go duedisa makgetho a bosetšhaba, makgethwana, ditefelo kgotsa dituediso tsa tlaleletso, go fedisa kgotsa go fokotsa;
- go rebola dikgololo mo makgethong a bosetšhaba, makgethwana, ditefelo kgotsa dituediso tsa tlaleletso; kgotsa
- tumelelo ya dituediso tsa tlhamalalo kgatlhanong le Letlole la Lotseno lwa Bosetšhaba.
-
Melaotlhomo yotlhe ya tšhelete e tshwanetse go sekasekiwa go ya ka thulaganyo e e tlhagisiwang ke karolo 75. Molao wa Palamente o tshwanetse go tlamela thulaganyo go tlhabolola Melaotlhomo ya tšhelete fa pele ga Palamente.
[K. 77 e emetswe ke k. 2 ya Molaotheo Tlhabololo wa Bosupa wa Molao wa 2001.]
78. Komiti ya Botsereganyi
- Komiti ya Botsereganyi e dirwa ke –
- ditokololo di le robongwe tsa Kokoano Bosetšhaba di tlhophilwe ke ditokololo tsa Kokoano go ya tsamaiso e e beilweng ka melawana le ditaelo tsa Kokoano mme e dira gore boemedi ba makoko bo nne ka mokgwa o makoko a emetswang ka gone mo Kokoanong; mme
- moemedi a le mongwe go tswa mo go nngwe le nngwe ya dikemedi tsa diporofense mo Khanseleng ya Bosetšhaba ya Diporofense, a supilwe ke kemedi.
- Komiti ya Botsereganyi e dumelelane ka sebopego sa Molaotlhomo, kgotsa e sweditse ka kgang, fa sebopego seo, kgotsa letlhakore lengwe la kgang, le engwe nokeng ke –
- bonnye ba le batlhano ba dikemedi tsa Kokoano Bosetšhaba; le
- bonnye ba le batlhano ba baemedi ba Khansele ya Bosetšhaba ya Diporofense.
79. Hebolo ya Melaotlhomo
- Poresidente o tshwanelwa ke go rebola le go saena Molaotlhomo o o fetisitsweng go ya ka kgaolo e, kgotsa fa Poresidente a na le dipelaelo ka ga bomolaotheo ba Molaotlhomo, o o busetsa morago go Kokoano Bosetšhaba go sekwasekwa sešwa.
- Melawana e e tshwaraganetsweng e tshwanetse go neela thulaganyo go, le mokgwa wa, go tsaya karolo mo go sekasekeng sešwa ga molaotlhomo ke Kokoano Bosetšhaba le Khansele ya Bosetšhaba ya Diporofense.
- Khansele ya Bosetšhaba ya Diporofense e tsaya karolo mo go sekasekiweng sešwa ga Molaotlhomo o Poresidente a o buseditseng morago go Kokoano Bosetšhaba fela fa –
- go sa kgotsofale ga Poresidente ka bomolaotheo ba molaotlhomo bo golagana le morero wa botsamaisi jo bo amang Khansele; kgotsa
- karolo 74(1),(2) kgotsa(3)(b) kgotsa 76 e ne e dira mo go fetisiweng ga Molaotlhomo.
- Fa, morago ga kakanyo sešwa, Molaotlhomo o arabela dipelaelo tsa ga Poresidente ka botlalo, Poresidente o tshwanetse go rebola a ba a saena Molaotlhomo; go seng jalo, Poresidente o tshwanela ke go –
- rebola a bo a saene Molaotlhomo; kgotsa
- a o romele go kgotlatshekelo ya Molaotheo go tsaya tshwetso ka bomolaotheo ba ona.
- Fa Kgotlatshekelo ya Molaotheo e swetsa gore Molaotlhomo o mo Molaotheong, Poresidente o tshwanela go o rebola le go o saena.
80. Kopo ya ditokololo tsa Kokoano Bosetšhaba go Kgotlatshekelo ya Molaotheo
- Ditokololo tsa Kokoano Bosetšhaba di ka dira kopo go Kgotlatshekelo ya Molaotheo go senka taelo e e atlholang gore Molao otlhe kgotsa karolo ya Molao, o o fetisitsweng ke Kokoano ga o ka fa molaotheong.
- Kopo –
- e tshwanetse ya tshegediwa ke bonnye nngwe-tharong ya ditokololo tsa Kokoano; e bile
- e tshwanelwa go dirwa morago mo malatsing a le 30, go simolola fa Poresidente a rebola e bile a saena Molao;
- Kgotlatshekelo ya Molaotheo e ka laela gore molao otlhe, kgotsa karolo eo e leng setlhogo sa kopo, ka mabaka a karolotlaleletso (1), ga e na matla go fitlha Kgotlatshekelo e tlhomamisa ka mokgwa mongwe, fa –
- dikgatlhego tsa bosiamisi di tlhoka seo; le
- fa kopo e na le tšhono ya go atlega.
- Fa kopo e sa atlega, e bile e sena kgonagalo ya go atlega, Kgotlatshekelo ya Molaotheo e tshwanetse go laela bakopi go duela ditshenyegelo.
81. Phasalatso ya Melao
Molaotlhomo o amogetsweng le go saeniwa ke Moporesidente e nna Molao wa Palamente, e bile o tshwanetse go phasaladiwa ka bonako, mme o simolola go dira Morago ga go phatlalatswa, kgotsa ka motlha o tlhomamisitsweng go ya ka ditaelo tsa Molao.
82. Polokesego ya Melao ya Palamente
Kgatiso e e amogetsweng ya Molao wa Palamente ke bopaki bo bo feleletseng jwa ditsamaiso tsa Molao oo e bile, morago ga phasalatso, o tshwanelwa go bewa mo polokesegong ya Kgotlatshekelo ya Molaotheo.


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text:
Concepción
Concepción ke toropo kgolo kwa borwa Chile. E na le baagi ba le 216.061 (2002).
Ditso[baakanya | edit source]
Toropo ya Concepción e simolotswe ke Pedro de Valdivia[1] ka ngwaga wa 1950 kwa bokone jwa noka ya Bío-Bío River, e e bidiwangPenco mo bosheng. Ka nako eo e ne e bidiwa Concepción del Nuevo Extremo. Lefelo la bonno gone koo le ne le le dikhilomithara tse di mmalwa go tsweng bokone jwa La Frontera (Frontier), molelwane o o magareng ga Spanishle lefatshe la Mapuche, segongwana sa morafe wa American Indian se ne sa neelwa boipuso go fitlheleleng ka ngwaga wa 1870. Bonno joo bo ne jwa tsibogelwa ke baeteledipele ba Mafora e le toropo morago ga dingwaga tse pedi. E ne ya fiwa setswantsho sa puso se se ntseng se dirisiwa le gompieno.
Ka jalo toropo ya Concepción e ne e le bonn jwa masole a lefatshe la Captaincy-General of Chile, le ne la senngwa e bile la phatlaladiwa ke Mapuche armies ka ngwaga wa 1554, morago ga gore e dirwe sesha ka ngwaga wa 1555. Concepción e ne ya nna gape ka nako ka dithulaganyo tsa goromente wa García Hurtado de Mendoza ha a goroga koo ka ngwaga wa 1557 fa a sena go aga kago ya Pinto. Toropo eo ene ya dirwa gape sesha ka ngwaga wa 1558, Ferikgong a thola malatshi a borataro ke rramasole yo o bidiwang Jerónimo de Villegas. E ne ya nna dikago tse ditona tsa masole a a neng a le kgatlhanong le Mapuche kwa Araucanía mo dinageng tse di lekgolo tse di tlang, e gola ka palo ya batho ba le dikete tse di lesome ntle le siege ka ngwaga wa 1564 le ditlhaselo tse dingwe tse di dirilweng ke Mapuche. Concepción e ne e le motse wa Real Audienciago tsweng ka ngwaga wa 1565 go fithelela ka ngwaga wa 1575.
Earthquakes le tsunamis, tse di eleng tsa nna teng mo toropong eo ka ngwaga wa1570, 1657, 1687, 1730 le 1751, di ile tsa gwetlha bana le dithata go sutisa toropo eo go e baya ko e ne e le teng lantlha ko Valle de la Mocha, mabapi le Bío-Bío River; lefelo la ntlha le nna le sena sepe ka ngwaga 1842 fa toropo e ya Penco e tlhongwa.
The new site for the town of Concepción became the main town of the Intendancy of Concepción, whose jurisdiction extended from the Maule River to La Frontera. The first Intendant of Concepción was the Irishman Ambrose O'Higgins, Marquis of Osorno, who later became Royal Governor of Chile and Viceroy of Peru.
Fa boeteledi pele jwa goromente wa First National bo kopana koo Santiago ka ngwaga wa 1810, ba na le boagedi ba Concepción ba kopanela bokopanelo joo le bone. Concepción e ne e dirisiwa ele kgoro ya go tsena mo dipolotiking ke ba sesole jwa Sefora go lekeletsa Viceroyalty of Peru ka maikelelo a go batla go laola Chile.
Metshameko[baakanya | edit source]
Concepción ke lefatshe la ditlopha tse di tona tsa kgwele ya dinao.( football):
- Club Deportivo Universidad de Concepción, mo nakong e e leng ko godimo ga loko ya Liga Chilena de Fútbol: Primera División
- Club Deportivo Ferroviario Almirante Arturo Fernández Vial, mo nakong e e leng mo leking ya boraro, Tercera A
- Club de Deportes Concepción, mo nakong ya gompieno e mo leking ya bobedi, Liga Chilena de Fútbol: Primera B
Bolo ya diatla e tshamikiwa ka boleng jwa maamo aa kwa godimo. Sethopha se se itsiwing thata ke sa:
- Club Deportivo Universidad de Concepción, mo bogompienong se se leng kwa DIMAYOR, División Mayor del Básquetbol de Chile
Dipadi tse dingwe[baakanya | edit source]
- ↑ I.S.W. Vernon, 1969

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text:
Morena, o montisi, ga ke tlhoke sepe.
O mphotisa mo Bontleng, o nkgogela gaeng.
Pelo ya me e ikantse; ga ke na poifo epe
Mo tshireletsong ya modisa
Dinku di a bolokesega.
O nkisa kafa metsing a a didimetseng;
Mafulong a matala sekgweng le mo nageng.
Le fa re ralala baba, mafelo a bogalaka,
Le megogoro le dikaka
Re tla nna re bolokesega.
O lapolose moya o tlotse dingalo,
O female ka tsamma, seikokotlelo.
O na le bopelonolo le boutlwelobotlhoko,
Le wena re dibelesega
Ruri re a bolokega.
O itse dilo tsotlhe, di thateng ya gago,
Mme tsotlhe di dirana go rona molemong.
Ke gone re solofelang, re ratang, re go lebogeng;
Re lelalela kwa go wena
Go nna re bolokesega.
Ba ba utlwang Morena ba itse kagiso.
Ba sego, ba tla rua puso ya godimo.
Ba kgorisiwa lenyoreng, mme ba tladiwa mo tlaleng;
Ba bona kutlwelo-botlhoko
Mme ba tla bolokesega.


text:
Read The Full Lyrics to Guava by DJ Kwena
O ke le wabona mara? Hmmm? Ke le wabona mara?
Setse o di bone dilo tse? Aaaaaaah Ga o di judgi Wena …. Ema ema
Aaaaaaah dilo tsa pitori pitori pitori
Ke la bona mara? Hmmm? Ema ema ema
Ke la bona mara?
Kreya ontse fatse, o chitsi, re dutse fatse, re chitsi,
DJ a di nametsa, ema, ema, ema
Ebe go tsena dilo, dilo tse dingwe man, bare bare
Ke di guava dilo tse x 19
*Whistle whistle*
Ao DJ Kwena x2
Ema X3
*Whistle whistle whistle*
Ke re o me le wabona mara? O le Monate, o ja loto man … Hmmm?
Ke le wabona mara? O nwa jwala man? Go le monate, gole jana man,
Ebe go tsena motho
Bare bare bare
Ke di guava dilo tse x 16
Ke re o ke le wabona mara? O le monate, o ja loto man, hmmm? Ema ema
Ke la bona mara?
Ah DJ Kwena x2
Ema ema ema ema
Get full Audio: Guava


text:
THE OFFICIAL BOKONE BOPHIRIMA GOVERNMENT NEWSPAPER
Ketsaetsego e e neng ya tsoga kwa motseng wa Gopane go latela dipolao tsa bagodi ba le mmalwa, e ne ya rotloetsa bangwe ba baagi ba ba nang le kgatlhego ya go tlhokomela bagodi go tsaya dikgato.
Motse wa Gopane o wela ka fa tlase ga Masepala wa Selegae wa Ramotshere Moiloa.
Bontsi jwa bagodi ba ba neng ba tsenwa ke tsebetsebe le poifo, ke ba ba nnang ba le bosi mo matlong a bona.
Mongwe wa baagi bano ke Rre Mazulu Motona, modulasetulo wa foramo ya bagodi ya Afrika Borwa mo sedikeng sa Ngaka Modiri Molema. Foramo eno ya bagodi, e ba rotloetsa go ipopa go nna mmogo le gore go se nne le mogodi ope yo o iphitlhelang a tshela gongwe a tlhola a le nosi mo ntlong ya gagwe. Foramo eno e ba thusa gape gore ba kgone go akantshana ka dikgwetlho tse di ba lebaneng.
Foramo eno, e e tlhomilweng semmuso ke puso ya bosetshaba go latela molao wa bo 13 wa ngwaga wa 2006, e ruta bagodi ka ditshwanelo tsa bona le gore ba ka fenya jang bodutu jo ba iphitlhelang ba tshelela mo go jona. E rotloetsa gape go tlhamiwa ga mekgatlho ya boitapoloso, ke go re social clubs.
Fa diforamo kgotsa mekgatlho eno e sena go tlhamiwa, e bile go bontsha fa e na le tswelelopele le go tsepama, puso e ka e thusa ka madi a a seng ka fa tlase ga diranta di le dikete di le 250. Madi ano a ka thusa go reka metshini ya go ikatisa le dilwana tse bagodi ba eletsang go nna le tsona tse di jaaka diwulu le metshini e e rokang.
Go ya ka Motona, metse e e setseng e tlhomile diforamo tsa mofuta ono kwa Lehurutshe e akaretsa ya Lekgopung, Supingstad, Gopane le Borakalalo. O tlhalositse fa mekgatlho eno e tlhokomelwa ke badirediloago ba gangwe le gape ba thusang bagodi ka maele a gore ba tshele jang.
Fa bagodi ba kopane kwa mekgatlhong e, ba newa dijo tsa letsatsi tse ba di jang fa ba tlhotse koo.
Motona a re puso ka Lefapha la Tlhabololo ya Katlaatleloloago e thusa mekgatlho eno ka batsamaisi ba ba tlhokomelang gore didiriswa tsa bagodi di babalesegile ka gale. Batsamaisi bano ba duelwa ke lefapha madi a a kana ka diranta di le dikete di le pedi, mme bagodi ba kopana gararo mo bekeng go tlhola mmogo.
Kgabagare, Motona o butse lefelo la go tlhokomela bagodi (Old Age Home) kwa motseng wa Motswedi. Bagodi ba ba nang le go iphitlhela ba tlogetswe ba le nosi kwa malapeng a bona, e bile ba se na tlhokomelo, ba bona bonno kwa lefelong leno le le itsegeng ka Areka Old Age Home.
Lefelo leno, le a le simolotseng ka ngwaga wa 2015, le amogela bagodi go tswa kwa metseng ya Lehurutshe le porofense ya Bokone Bophirima ka bophara. Ga jaana Areka Old Age Home e na le bagodi ba le 39 le badiri ba le 14. Legae leno ga le ise le nne le tshegetso epe ya matlole go tswa kwa pusong. Ka jalo, baagi ba rotloediwa go ema lefelo leno nokeng le go le thusa ka matlole, go akarediwa le didiriswa tse di ka thusang bagodi.


text:
Molelo
Molemo ke thakathakanyo e e diragalang ka bonako ya di gase mo tsamaisong ya combustion, e e ntshang mogote, lesedi le tse dingwe tse di farologaneng.[1] Slower oxidative processes like rusting or digestion are not included by this definition.
Motuka ke bontha bongwe jo bo bonalang jwa molemo gape o na le ditlhase. Fa digase tse di fisa thata, dikgona go nna ionized go dira plasma.[2] Mmala wa motuka le bogale jwa molemo bo ya ka dilo tse dishang le dilo tse di tshelwang mo teng
Ditlamorago tsa molemo ke conflagration, se se na le bokgoni jwa go senyaka mmele ka go o fisa. Molemo ke selo sa bothokwa se se amang matshelo a batho lefatshe ka bophara. Ditlamorago tse di siameng tsa molelo ke go rotloetsa kgolo le go babalela tikologo. Molemo o sa le o dirisiw ake batho go apaya, go dira mogote, sesupo le ditiro tsa propulsion. Ditlamorago tse di bosula tsa molelo di akaretsa, go leswafatsa metsi, go senya mmu, go leswafatsa loapi le kotsi mo matshelo a batho.[3]
Contents
- 1 Ditebego
- 2 Boitsaanape jwa molelo
- 3 Mekwalo e e beilweng ya ditswa mmung
- 4 Taolo ya batho
- 5 Tshireletso le Thibelo
- 6 Paakanyo
- 7 O ka tsibogela
- 8 ditshwantsho tsa tlaleletso
- 9 Tse di latelang ke tse di dirisitsweng go batla kitso e e kwadilweng fa
- 10 tshekatsheko ya bakwadi
Ditebego[baakanya | edit source]
Maranyane[baakanya | edit source]
Molelo o simolola fa selo se se thothetsang molelo, se kopane le selekanyo se se siameng sa gase ya oxygen kana sengwe se se na le oxygen, se le gaufi le motswedi wa mogote kana mogote o le kwa godimo ga flash point gore leokwane le ka kopangwa, gape gore e kgona go tshegetsa, selekanyo sa bonako jwa oxidation, e ntshang a tlhakatlhakanyo. This is commonly called the fire tetrahedron. Fire cannot exist without all of these elements in place and in the right proportions. For example, a flammable liquid will start burning only if the fuel and oxygen are in the right proportions. Some fuel-oxygen mixes may require a catalyst, a substance that is not directly involved in any chemical reaction during combustion, but which enables the reactants to combust more readily.
Fa o simolola go tuka, thathakanyo ya di gase e tshwanetse go diragala, mo eleng gore molelo o kgona go tshegetsa mogote wa one, ka go ntsha nonofo ya mogote mo tiragalong ya combustion le go propagate, fela fa go nale neelano ya gase le leokwane.
Molelo o ka timiwa ka go ntsha ditsetlana dingwe tse di bakang molelo. Sekaseka gase ya tholego jaaka go tswa mo letshegong la boapeelo. Molelo o ka timiwa ka tse di latelang:
- • fa o tima motswedi wa gase, mo go ntsha motswedi wa leokwane.
- Fa o kgorumetsa motuka gotlhelele, mo go fokotsa bogale jwa motuka, ka gonne combustion e dirisa gase ya oygen e e mo phefong le go e ntsha, lefelong le le gaufi le motuka o o nale CO2.
- Go tshela metsi mo molelo go fokotsa mogote o o mo teng ka bonako go na le o molelo o ka o dirang( fa o budulela mowa mo molelong go ka fokotsa mogote, wa digase tse di shang go tswa mo leokwaneng go tshwana le ntlha e e fa godimo) kana
- Go tshela sedirisiwa se se timang molelo jaaka Halon mo motukeng, se se kganelang thakathakanyo ya di gase, go fithelela selekanyo sa combation se nna bonya go babalela mola wa thakathakanyo.
Molelo o ka okediwa ka go oketsaselekanyo sa combustion Mekgwa ya go dira se ke go lekalekanyo leokwane le di gase tse thokegang tsa selekanyo se se rileng, go oketsa leokwane le gase mo bokopanyong jwa selekanyo se, go oketsa mogote, gore mogote wa molelo o kgone go tshegetsa go tuka ga molelo kana go tsenya sethothetsi; sethothedi se se dirisiwang gore leokwane le digase di thakathakane ka pela.
Motuka[baakanya | edit source]
Motuka ke tlhakatlhakano ya digase le dilo tse di tswang mo teng, infrared, nako tse dingwe lesedi le le bonako, selekanyo sa lefelo le le ikaegileng ka ditebego tsa dilo tse dishang le tsibogo e e bonako. Mo nako tse dintsi, jaaka go sha ga dilo tsa tholego jaaka, dikgong, kana go sha mo go sa felelang ga gase, incadescent solid particles tse di bidiwang soot di ntsha o o tshwanang motuka o o phatsimang o o lephutshi. Lesedi le na le lefelo le le tsweletseng. Go sha mo go feletseng ga gase, go na le motuka wa mmala o motala, ka lobaka la go ntshiwa ga radiation ya bophara bo le bongwe go tswa mo phudugong ya electron mo di molecule tse di dirilweng ke motuka. Nako tse dinsi, go dirisiwa gase ya oxygen, mme Hydrogen e e tukang mo chloride le yone e ntsha motuka, mo go dirang gase ya Hydrogen Chloride(HCl). Thakanyo e engwe e e kgonang go ntsha motuka, mo go tse dintsi ke Fluorine le hydrogen le hydrazine le nitrogen tetroxide.
Go phatsima ga motuka go thakathakane. Mogote wa mmele wa radiation o ntshiwa mo gaseng ya soot, le dikarolo tsa leokwane, le fa go ntse jaalo dikarolo tsa soot di le dinnye thata go itshola jaaka mmele e mentsho e e siameng. Gape go ntshiwa photon, e ntshiwa ke di atoms le molecules tse di seng mathagathaga mo di gaseng Bontsi jwa mogote wa radiation o ntshiwa mo dilong tse bonalan. Mmala o ikaegile mo mogoteng wa mmele o montsho wa radiation, le kago ya boranyane gore go ntshiwa go kgonagale Mmala o tlwaelesegile mo motukeng o fetoga le mogote. Sekai se se siameng ke setshwantsho sa molelo wa naga. Fa go tuka mo gontsi go diragalang teng mo lefatshe, molelo o mosweu, mmala wa fa gole mogote thata wa dilo tsa tholego ke lephutshi. Fa godimo ga lefelo le lephutshi, mmala o fetogelosa mo bosetheng, se se raya gore ga go mogote thata, morago ga mmala o ke bohibidu, fa go seng mogote. Fa godimo ga mmala o mohibidu, go tuka ga go sa thole go diragala, gape dikarolo tse di sa tukang kgotsa di sa sha, ka tebego di dintsho.
Komponi ya NASA ya ko Amerika e lemogile gore gravity e tsaya karolo mo tiragalong ya motuka. Fa go nonofo ev e gogelang kwa godimo e fetolwa, se se ka baka mefuta e e farologaneng ya metuka[4] Kabakanyo ya metuka ka fa tlase ga diemo tsa gravity, di ikaegile ka go sutla ga dikarolwana mo metsing, jaaka soot e nna e gola go feta motuka o o tlwaelesegileng., jaaka mo kereseng mo diemong tse di tlwaelesegileng tsa go tsholetsega ga mmele, di dira gore o nne lephutshi. Fa go senang gravity, jaaka mo mafelong ka tikologong tse di mo lefaufaung, convection ca e sa thole e diragala, le mothuka o thuka ka go dikologa, le go rata go nna motala le bokgoni( lefa o ka kgona go tima fa o sa tshwarwe sentle, le gore CO2 go tswana mo go tukeng, ga e kabakangwe sentle fa go senang gravity, mme se se ka tima motuka). Go na le dithaloso tse di ntsi tsa di pharologanyo tse, mo e leng gore go ka kgonagaa gore mogote o kabakangwe ka go lekalekana, gore soot e seka ya dirwa le go tuka mo go feletseng go dirgala.[5] Diteko tse di dirilweng ke NASA di supa gore metuka e e thakanang fa go senang gravity, e letelela gore soot e le ntsi e thakane le digase morago e bo e dira thakanyo ya metuka mo lefatsheng, ka ntateng ya maitsholo a farologaneng a ditshidi fa go senang grafity, fa go tshwanthsangwa le fa go na le diemo tsa gravity e e tlwaelesegileng.[6] Ditemogo tse di ne tsa dirisiwa mo boranyane, le mo madirelong thatathata tiriso ya leokwane.
Mo diegeneng tse di tukang, go na le dikgatlo tse dintsi tse di tsewang go tima motuka. Mekgwa e e ikaegile mefuta ya leokwane, jaaka mafura, dikgong, leokwane le le nale nonofo e ntsi jaaka leokwane la difofane.
Mogote[baakanya | edit source]
Molelo o ntsha mogote, kana ke mokgwa wa go fudusa nonofo go tswa mo mmeleng mongwe ka lobaka la go amana le taolo ya mogote.
Megote e e etsegeng ya molelo le metuka[baakanya | edit source]
- Motuka wa gase e e hemiwang le gase ya nonofo.
- Motuka wa sedirisiwa sa madirelo a maranyane.
- • Motuka wa sedirisiwa se se tsenyang kgatelelo e potlana[7]
- Motuka wa kerese
- Go goga motsoko
- o Mogote o o sa tshwantshiwing: lethakore le le tshubilweng 585 °C (1,100 °F)
- Mogote wa go tshwantshiwa: bogare jwa fa go tshubuilweng: 700 °C (1,300 °F)
- Go nna go le mogote thata fagare.
Mogote wa metuka ka ditebego.[baakanya | edit source]
Mogote wa metuka e e na le dikarolo tsa carbon di ntsha lesedi, di ka lemogwa ka mmala wa tsone.[8]
- Bohibidu
- -O bonala 525 °C (980 °F)
- o sa bonale: 700 °C (1,300 °F)
- mmala o o sa bonaleng wa leungo: 800 °C (1,500 °F)
- mmala o o bonalang sentle wa leungo: 900 °C (1,700 °F)
- mmala wa leungo o o bonala sentle: 1,000 °C (1,800 °F)
- mmala wa namune
- Boteng: 1,100 °C (2,000 °F)
- bonala: 1,200 °C (2,200 °F)
- Bosweu
- Bosweu: 1,300 °C (2,400 °F)
- phatsima: 1,400 °C (2,600 °F)
- galalela: 1,500 °C (2,700 °F)
Boitsaanape jwa molelo[baakanya | edit source]
Naga e ngwe le ngwe ya tholego e na le molelo wa yone, gape ditshidi mo nageng ya teng di ikaegile ka one molelo o. Molelo o dira mafelo a bodulo,lengwe le lengwe e le fa seemong se se rileng.[9] Mefuta ya dithare, diphologolo le ditshidinyana di na le bokgoni jwa go dirisang seemo sengwe, gape fa o ntse o dira o ne mafelo a, molelo o letelela mefuta e mentsi go nna mo lefelong leo.
Mekwalo e e beilweng ya ditswa mmung[baakanya | edit source]
Taolo ya batho[baakanya | edit source]
Go laola molelo e ne e le phetogo e e neng e diragala mo matshelo a batho ba bogologolo. Go gotsa molelo, go dira mogote le lesedi, mo go ne go dira gore batho ba kgone go apaya dijo, go oketsa mefuta le go nna teng ga dikotla. Mogote o o neng o dirwa o ne o thuthafatsa batho ka mariga, o dira gore ba kgone go tshela mo fa go le tshididi. Molelo gape o ne o kgoba dibatlana. Bosupi jwa dijo tse di apeilweng, di ne tsa bonwa go tswa mo dingwageng tse didikadike tse di fetileng, le fa molelo o ne o sa dirisiwe ka mokgwa o o rileng go fithelela ka dingwaga tse 400,00 tse di fitileng. [10] Bosupi bo bo ne jwa anama ka dingwaga tse masome mathano go ya ko lekgolo tse di fitileng, go supa gore tiriso e ntsi nako le nako; mo go kgathisang, ka nako e lengwefela go leswafatsa phefo le gone ga simolola go anama, ka dipalo tse dintsi.[10] Tiriso ya molelo e ne ya simolola go nna mafathatha, o ne wa dirisiwa go dira magala le go laola ditshidi tsa naga dingwaga tse makgole a lesome a a fetileng.[10]
Molelo gape o ne dirisiwa mo dingwageng tse difitileng go bogisa le go athola, e le go fisa motho a tshela le didirisiwa tsa pogiso jaaka sethako sa tshipi, se se neng se tlatswa ka metsi, mafura kana se fisiwa ka molelo gore motho a bogisege.
ka nako ya diphetogo go tswa mo tsomeng go ya ko jwaleng dijalo, batho fatshe ka bophara ba ne ba dirisa molelo jaaka sedirisiwa sa go babalela lefatshe. melelo e ne laolwa ka go fisamlelo e e tsididi fa go tshwantshangwa le melelo e bogale e e senyang mmu. Melelo e e bogale e senyaka dijwalo le diphologolo gape e tsenya batho mo kotsing. Se ke mathata a matona mo nageng tsa gompieno fa go fisa melelo ya setso is thibelwa go rotloetsa kgolo ya dithare tse di dirang dilo tsa kago. Melelo e e seng bogale e diriwa thata ka paka ya dithobologo le thobo. go supa fa go tshubiwa ka nonofo ya ditshidi tse di suleng e sa gole sentle, se seka simolodisa melelo e e bogale. go na le mefuta e mentsi ya tikologo, e rotloetsang entsifalo ya diphologolo le ditlhare. Batho bo ne ba dira gore dinaga tse dikgothaganeng di atloge.
Go na le dipalo tse di ntsi tsa tiriso ya molelo. Fa o ka akanya sentle molelo o dirisiwa ke mongwe le mongwe mo lefatsheng ka tsela e e laolesegang. Badirisi ba dipalamo tse di dirisa molelo, ba ditisa molelo nako le nako ba kgweetsa. Madirelo a nonofo ya motlakase e kabakanya palo e ntsi ya motlakane mo bathong.
Tiriso ya molelo mo dintlweng e sale e nna ditso. Molelo o ne o dirisiwa mo didirisiwa tsa ntwa. Hormer o ne a bua ka tiriso ya molelo ga baeteledipele ba ba gerika ba ba neng ba iphithile mo pitseng ya dikgong go fisa Troy ka na ya dintwa tsa trojan. Moragonya ba Byzantine ba ne ba dirisa molelo wa bagerika go thasela dikepe le banna, Ka nako ya ntwa ya ntlha ya lefatshe, batho ba ntlha ba ba ne ba tika melelo e ne e le dithopha tsa ntwa, gape go dikoloi tsa ntwa dine di agegile sentle. mo dintweng tse di neng tsa tla morago, dibetsa tsa ganyaolo di ne di dirisiwa ke Axis le Allies go tshwana, thatathata ko Tokyo, Rotterdam,lontone, Hamburg le Dresden, mo tiragalong tse pedi tse, ntwa ya melelo e ne simolodisiwa ka bomo e mo one molelo o ne o dikologa toropo, o ne wa gogelwa mo teng . Masole a difofane a Amerika le one a dirisa dibetsa tse kgathanong le Japane ka nako ya bone ya ntwa, mme se sa senyaka matlo a ne a agilwe ka dikgong le di pampiri. Tiriso ya leokwane e ne ya simolola ka kgwedi ya Phukwi ka ngwaga wa 1944, ko bofelo jwa ntwa ya bobedi, ntswa tiriso ya lone ga e a ka kgathegelwa ke sechba go fithelela ntwa ya Vietnam. Sebetsa sa kganyaqolo se se dirilweng ka leokwane le yone e ne e dirisiwa.
Tiriso jaaka leokwane[baakanya | edit source]
Leokwane fa le tshubiwa le ntshang nonofo e e bothokwa Dikgong ke kgale di dirisiwa jaaka leokwane, le gompieno di a dirisiwa. Tiriso ya leokwane le tswang mo mmung jaaka petroleum, gase ya tholego le magala, mo madirelong a maokwane a kabakanya bontsi jwa motlakase lefatshe ka bophara mo bo gompienong; sethopa sa nonofo ya mafatshe e buile gore selekanyo se se masome a boferabobedi a motlakase a tswa mo metsweding e. [12] molelo mo madirelong a motlakase o dirisiwa go thuthafatsa metsi, go dira mosi o o dirisiwang ke mafetho. Mafetho a a tlaabo a dikolosa generatara ya motlakase go dira motlakase. Molelo o dirisiwa gape go dira ditiro, mo di engineng.
Dilo tse di salang morago ga go sha di bidiwa masalela kana molora, fa go lora go yone go le kwa tlase ga mogote wa motuka, go e kopane le go omelela jaaka e tshidifala, lefa go lora ga molora go le fa godimo ga mogote wa motuka.
Tshireletso le Thibelo[baakanya | edit source]
Mananeo a thibelo ya melelo ya naga lefatshe ka bophara, e ka dira gore go dirisiwe di tsela tsa go thibela jaakago dirisa lefelo la tholego le melelo e e laolesegang. [13][14][15] Go dirisa lefelo la naga la molelo go tewa molelo mongwe le mongwe o o bakilweng ke dilo tsa tholego, tse dilaqolesegang mmele di letelelwa go sha. Melelo e e laolwang ke meloelo e simolotsweng ke makalana a goromente, ko tlase ga diemo tsa loapi tse di seng kotsi.[16]
Makalana a a lwantshang melelo a teng mo mafelo a a tthabologileng go tioma le laola melelo e e sa laolesegeng Batima melelo ba ba ithuthuntshitsweng ba dirisa di dirisiwa tsa go tima molelo, dirisiwa tsa metsi jaaka polokelo ya metsi le dilo tse di timang molelo kana ba ka dirisa dilo dingwe ba lebeletse gore molelo o bakilwe ke enng.
Thibelo ya molelo e diretswe go fokotsa metswedi e e thothetsang molelo. Thibelo ya melelo e akaretsa go ruta batho gore ba ka emisa go simolola molelo jaang.[17] Mo dikago tse ditona thata dikole, thuthuntsho ya melelo e a diriwa go ruta botho gore ba ka itsaya jaang mo di kagong tse dishang. Go simolola molelo kana bomo ke molato ka fa tlase ga melawana mengwe.
Dikago tsa maemo a ntlha di thoka di dirisiwa tsa thibelo ya molelo le thibelo e e mathagathaga go fokotsa tsenyo e e ka bakwang ke molelo. Mofuta mongwe wa thebelo ya molelo ke mafelo a gasa metsi. Go oketsa thibelo ya melelo mo dikagong, di dirisiwa tsa kago le dilwana tsa ntlo mo mafatsheng aa thabologileng di a sekwasekwa go bona gore a ga di tshabelelwe ke molelo. kago ya didirisiwa tsa ntlo, go betla le dipolaseteke tse di dirisiwang mo dipalamong le mo ditirong tse dingwe di lekilwe.
Fa thibelo le tshireletso ya molelo e padiler, makalana a madi a tsa melelo ba ka thusa ka madi.
Paakanyo[baakanya | edit source]
Go na le mefuta le ditsela tse di farologaneng tse di dirisiwang , go ya mefuta wa molelo kaq na tshenyo ya molelo. Tsenyo ya molelo e ka dirwa ke dithopha tsa taolo ya dilwana, batho ba ba babalelang dikago, kana beng ba metse ka bo bone; mme fela go bitsa maitsaanape wa paakanyo ya tshenyo ya melelo, go thophilewe e le tsela e e siameng gape e babalesegile go baakanya dilwana tse sentsweng ke molelo. Bontsi jwa bone ba balwa kwa tlase ga paakanyo ya tshenyo ya metsi le molelo, gape ba ka kgona go thusa go paakanya ka bonako, ba baakanyetsa beng ba motse kana makalana a matona.[18]
Dikomponi tse di baakanyang ditshenyo tsa metsi le molelo di laolwa ke maphata a baji ba reki. Ko Calafonia, dipaakanyo tsotlhe tsa meklelo le metsi di kwadisitswe kwa tlase ga lekalana la ditumalano tsa go dira ka go bereka. [19] Mo bogompienong, lekalana le ga lena dithopha tsa paakanyo ya ditshenyo tsa metsi kana molelo. Mme ntswa lekalana le le batla setlankana e le sesupo gore ba letelelwe go paakanya ditshenyo tsa metsi le molelo.[20]
O ka tsibogela[baakanya | edit source]
Template:Portal Template:Div col
- Áed (leina le le leilweng)
- molelo o o na le mmala
- Go sha
- Go tshuba moswi
- Go tuka mo go rotloetswang ke mogote wa letsatsi
- Molelo (Tsetlana ya maemo)
- Tshekatsheko ya molelo
- kelothoko ya molelo
- Molete wa molelo
- molelo wa phefo
- kobamelo ya molelo
- Teko ya motuka
- Tsela ya botshelo e es sireletsegileng
- Maina a melelo a ditso
- maina a motswedi wa lesedi
- Boitsaanape jwa go tshuba
- Sedirisiwa se sesupa motuka wa melelo e metona e e laolesegang
- lefoko la segerika le le rayang molelo
- Go bola ga dilo tse suleng ka mogote mongwe o o rileng.
- Mokgwa o sa laolesegeng wa go simolola molelo
- Mosi
- Letunya mosi
ditshwantsho tsa tlaleletso[baakanya | edit source]
- Setshwantsho:tshimololo ya motuka e e bonya.
Tse di latelang ke tse di dirisitsweng go batla kitso e e kwadilweng fa[baakanya | edit source]
- ↑ Template:Cite document
- ↑ Helmenstine, Anne Marie. "What is the State of Matter of Fire or Flame? Is it a Liquid, Solid, or Gas?". About.com. http://chemistry.about.com/od/chemistryfaqs/f/firechemistry.htm. Retrieved 2009-01-21
- ↑ Lentile, et al. , 319
- ↑ Spiral flames in microgravity, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 2000.
- ↑ CFM-1 experiment resultsTemplate:Dead link, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, April 2005.
- ↑ LSP-1 experiment resultsTemplate:Dead link, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, April 2005.
- ↑ "Pyropen Cordless Soldering Irons" (PDF). http://www.cooperhandtools.com/europe/sales_literature/documents/WellerPyropen_GB.pdf.
- ↑ "A Book of Steam for Engineers", The Stirling Company, 1905
- ↑ Begon, M., J.L. Harper and C.R. Townsend. 1996. Ecology: individuals, populations, and communities , Third Edition. Blackwell Science Ltd., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Template:Cite doi
- ↑ [56]
- ↑ ""Share of Total Primary Energy Supply", 2002; International Energy Agency". http://www.iea.org/statlist/index.htm.Template:Dead link
- ↑ Federal Fire and Aviation Operations Action Plan , 4.
- ↑ Template:Vancite web
- ↑ Template:Vancite journal
- ↑ Template:Vancite web
- ↑ Fire & Life Safety EducationTemplate:Dead link, Manitoba Office of the Fire Commissioner
- ↑ Begal, Bill (August 23, 2007). "Restoration With a Capital E-P-A: A Case Study". Restoration & Remediation. http://www.randrmagonline.com/CDA/Archives/BNP_GUID_9-5-2006_A_10000000000000156172. Retrieved 2008-04-11.
- ↑ "California Contractors State License Board". State of California. http://www.cslb.ca.gov/. Retrieved 2010-08-29.
- ↑ "What You Should Know About Your Water Damage Or Mold Removal Company:". Rapco West Environmental Services, Inc.. http://www.rapcowest.com/water.html. Retrieved 2010-08-29.
tshekatsheko ya bakwadi[baakanya | edit source]
- Template:Cite document Template:Dead link
- Haung, Kai. 2009. Palo ya batho le dikago tsa dintlha tsa amang palo ya melelo ya bonno jwa batho mo ditoropong tse ditona tsa Amerika. Tshekatsheko e e dirilwe . ko mmadikole wa Texas TXstate.edu
- Template:Vancite journal
- Kosman, Admiel: Molelo o rileng. In: Thu, Ferikgong 13, 2011.
==Dikgoge tsa kwa ntle ==
- Molelo o bereka jang at Dilo di bereka jang
- Molelo ke eng? go tswa ka thamalalo
- {0mo molelong,Adobe Flash-go tswa mo ithuthuntshong ya maranyane koNOVA (TV series)
- melelo ya batho ba ntlha BBC mekwalo ka bo itemogelo jwa baitsaanape.
- Motuka mo lefaufaungTemplate:Dead link
- Melelo e rileng mo lefaufaung
- moebuildingcontrol.co.uk - UK ditaelo tsa tshireletso ya melelo le botekiniki jwa molelo.
- mokgwatho wa thibelo ya molelo ya Smokey Bear
- tiriso ya molelo go ijesa monateka sedirisiwa sa motuka


text:
Description
Clever Setswana e kwadilwe go latela Pegelo ya Pholisi ya Kharikhulamo le Tlhatlhobo (CAPS) ya Setswana Puo ya Gae. Ke tlhatlhamano ya dibuka tse di rotloetsang baithuti go nna batsaya-karolo ba ba mafolofolo le go rotloetsa buisa, go bua, go kwala ka Setswana. Padiso e e akaretsa: • ditlhangwa tsa puiso tse di farologaneng tse di jaaka: mainane, dikgang-khutshwe, padi, terama, poko, ditlhangwa le ditlhangwa tsa neeletsano • dikgannyana tse di rutang, di tlhaeletsana e bile di itumedisa • dikgannyana tse di nang le ditshwantsho tse di mebalabala tse di itumedisang mme di godisa bokgoni jwa baithuti jwa go buisa • dikgannyana tse di tsweletsang bokgoni jwa baithuti ba go buisa Padiso e ya Clever Setswana e tsamaisana le: • Buka ya Morutwana le • Kaedi ya Morutabana


text:
Ela tlhoko: phetolelo ee ya setswana e tseerwe ka tlhamalalo semmuso go tswa mo kwalong ya Lefapha la Molao. Re re lemogile gore phetolelo ee e na le diphoso, mme re direla go fitlhelela phetolelo e ntsha e e botoka.
Please note: This Setswana translation is taken directly from the official Department of Justice edition. We are aware that it is not complete or always accurate (e.g. s6.23.2), and we are working towards a new, better translation.
Karolo 84 ya Molaotheo o mošwa e tseelwa go nna le dikarolotlaleletso tsa tlaleletso tse di latelang:
- Moporesidente o tshwanetse go rerisana le Batlatsabaporesidente ba khuduthamaga:
- go ntshetsapele tlhabololo le tiragatso ya dipholisi tsa puso ya bosetšhaba;
- mo mererong yotlhe e e amang taolo ya Kabinete le tiragatso ya ditiro tsa Kabinete;
- mo tiragatsong ya ditiro tsa Batlatsabaporesidente ba Khuduthamaga;
- pele go thapiwa go ya Molaotheo kgotsa molao mongwele mongwe, go akarediwa le go thapiwa ga baemedipharaphare kgotsa baemedi babusisi;
- pele go tlhophiwa dikhomišene tsa dipatlisiso;
- pele a dira kgoeletso ya referantamo;
- pele a itshwarela kgotsa a emisa kotlhao ya basenyi.
Karolo 89 ya Molaotheo o mošwa e e tseelwa go nna le dikarolotlaleletso tsa tlaleletso tse di latelang:
- Dikarolwana(1) le (2) di akaretsa le Motlatsa-Poresidente wa Khuduthamaga
Temana (a) ya karolo 90(1) ya Molaotheo o mošwa e tshwanetse buisega jaana:
(a) Motlatsa-Moporesidente wa Khuduthamaga yo o tlhomilweng ke Moporesidente;
Karolo 91 ya Molaotheo o mošwa e tshwanetse go buisega jaana;
91. Kabinete
- Kabinete e bopiwa ke Moporesidente, Batlatsa-BaPoresidente ba Khuduthamaga le –
- Ditona tse di sa feteng 27 mme e le maloko a Ntlokokoano Bosetšhaba a a tlhophilweng go ya ka karolotlaleletso (8) go fitlha (12);le
- Eseng go feta Tona e nosi, e e seng leloko la maloko a 175 a Ntlokokoano Bosetšhaba mme le tlhophilwe go ya ka karolotlaleletso (13), fa fela Moporesidente ka ditherisano le Batlatsa-BaPoresidente ba Khuduthamaga le baeteledipele ba makoko a a tsayang karolo, ba bona go le botlhokwa gore Tona eo, e lthopiwe ka bonako.
- Lekoko lengwe le lengwe le le nang le manno bonnye a le 80 mo Ntlokokoano Bosetšhaba le na le tumelelo ya go kgetha Motlatsa-Moporesidente wa khuduthamaga mo gare ga ditokololo tsa Ntlokokoano.
- Fa go se lekoko kgotsa lekoko le le lengwe fela le na le manno a le 80 kgotsa go feta, mo Ntlokokoano, lekoko le le nnang le manno a mantsi go gaisa, le lekoko le le nang le palo ya bobedi e e kwa godimo ya manno, makoko ao ka bobedi a tshwanetse go tlhopa Motlatsa-Moporesidente wa Khuduthamaga mo ditokololong tsa Ntlokokoano.
- Fa Motlatsa-Moporesidente wa Khuduthamaga a se na go tlhophiwa, a ka ikgethela go nna dula entse e le leloko la Ntlokokoano kgotsa go tlogela go nna leloko la Ntlokokoano.
- Motlatsa-Moporesidente wa Khuduthamaga, a ka diragatsa dithata le go dira ditiro tseo di neetsweng kantoro ya Motlatsa-Moporesidente wa Khuduthamaga ke Molaotheo kgotsa Moporesidente.
- Motlatsa-Moporesidente wa khuduthamaga o tshwara marapo –
- go fitlha 30 Moranang 1999 ntle le fa a ka belesediwa kgotsa a tlosiwa ke lekoko le le maleba go ya ka mabaka a karolotlaleletso (2)le(3); kgotsa
- go fitlha motho yo o tlhophilweng jaaka Moporesidente morago ga tlhopho ngwe le ngwe ya Ntlokokoano Bosetšhaba e e dirilweng pele ga 30 Moranang 1999, a simolola tiro.
- Phatlhatiro mo kantorong ya Motlatsa-Moporesidente wa Khuduthamaga e ka tladiwa ke lekoko le le tlhopileng Motlatsa-Moporesidente yoo.
- Lekoko le le nang le bonnye manno ale 20 mo Ntlokokoano Bosetšhaba e bile le dirile tshwetso ya go tsaya karologo puso ya bosetšhaba ya tshwaraganelo, le tshwanelwa ya go abelwa maemo le le nosi kgotsa go fetsa la Kabinete ya lefapha, go ya ka mokgwa o go tlhophiwang Ditona ka wona go ya karolotlaleletso (1)(a) go tsamaelana le selekanyo sa palo ya manno a sona mo Ntlokokoano Bosetšhaba, go tsamaelana le palo ya manno a makoko a mangwe a a tsayang karolo.
- Mafapha a Kabinete a tshwanelwa ke go abelwa makoko a a tsayang karolo go ya ka sekaelo se se latelang:
- Khouta ya manno go ya ka lefapha e tshwanetse go laolwa ka go aroganya palogotlhe ya manno mo Ntlokokoano Bosetšhaba ao a kopanetsweng ke makoko a a tsayang karolo ka palo ya mafapha go tsamaelana le go tlhophiwa ga Ditona tse di umakilweng mo karolotlaleletso (1)(a), go tlhakangwa le lenngwe.
- Dipholo, tse di sa kgaphelang thoko palo ya boraro le palo e e latelang, fa di le teng, ke khouta ya manno a lefapha.
- Palo ya mafapha a tshwanetseng go abelwa lekoko le le tsayang karolo le tlhomamiswa ka go arola palogotlhe ya manno a lekoko leo mo Ntlokokoano Bosetšhaba ka khoutha e e tlhalosistweng mo temaneng ya (b).
- Dipholo, go ya ka temana (e),di kaya palo ya mafapha a a tshwanetseng go abelwa lekoko leo.
- Fa tiragatso ya selekano se se fa godimo se tlhagiso kokeletso e e sa balelweng mo palong ya mafapha a abetsweng lekoko, kokeletso eo, e tla gaisana le dikokeletso tse dingwe tse di tshwanang tse di kokoantsweng fa lekoko lengwe kgotsa makoko mangwe, mme lefapha lengwe le lengwe kgotsa mafapha mangwe le mangwe a a salang a sa abiwa a tshwanetse go abelwa lekoko kgotsa makoko a a amegang ka tatelano ya dipalo tsa kokeletso e e kwa godimodimo.
- Morago ga therisano le Batlatsabaporesidente ba Khuduthamaga le baeteledipele ba makoko a a tsayang karolo, Poresidente o tshwanetse go –
- tlhomamisa mafapha ka totobalo a a tshwanetseng go abelwa makoko a tsayang karolo ka go farologana, go ya ka palo ya mafapha go tsamaelana le ditaelo tsa karolotlaleletso (9);
- tlhopa boemong jwa leloko lengwe le lengwe la Ntlokokoano Bosetšhaba leo, e leng leloko la lekoko la lefapha leo, le le abetsweng go ya ka temana (a), jaaka Tona e e rweleng maikarabelo a lefapha leo;
- Fa go bonagala go le botlhokwa, go ya ka mabaka a Molaotheo, kgotsa dikgatlhagelo tsa taolo ya puso ka manontlhotlho, di sa tsamaelane le tlhomamiso ya temana (a) go tsamaelana le karolotlaleletso (9);
- go fedisa go tlhopho nngwe le nngwe ka fa tlase ga temana (b) –
- fa Moporesidente a kopiwa go dira jalo ke moeteledipele wa lekoko leo leloko la Lekgotla la Khuduthamaga le amegang e leng leloko la lona; kgotsa
- fa go tlhokega mo mabakeng a Molaotheo kgotsa mo kgatlhegong ya Puso e e lolameng; kgotsa
- go tlatsa, fa go tlhokega, ka taolo ya tema(b), phatlhatiro mo ofising ya Tona.
- Karolwana (10) e tshwanetse go diragatswa ka mowa o o akarediwang mo kakanyong ya puso ya tshwaraganelo ya bosetšhaba, mme Moporesidente le ba ba amegang ba tshwanetse ba batla go fitlhelela ditumelelano ka nako tsotlhe mo tirisong ya karolwana eo: ntle le fa ditumelelano di sa kgone go fitlhelelwe mo –
- go diriseng thata e e tlhalositsweng mo temaneng ya (a), (c) kgotsa (d)(ii) ya karolotlaleletso eo, tshwetso ya Moporesidente e tla nna tshwetso ya bofelo;
- go diriseng thata e e tlhalositsweng mo temaneng ya (b),(d)(i) kgotsa (e) ya karolotlaleletso eo, e ama motho yo e seng leloko la lekoko la Moporesidente, tshwetso ya moeteledipele wa lekoko leo motho yoo e leng leloko la lona e tla nna tshwetso ya bofelo; le
- go diriseng thata e e tlhalositsweng mo temaneng ya (b) kgotsa (e) ya karolotlaleletso eo e amang motho yo e leng leloko la lekoko la Moporesidente, tshwetso ya Moporesidente e tla nna lefoko la bofelo.
- Fa tlhomamiso nngwe ya dikabo tsa mafapha e fetolwa mo karolwaneng (10)(c) Ditona tse di amegang di tshwanetse go tlogela mafapha a bona, mme ba na le go ka thapiwa gape mo mafapheng a mangwe a a abetsweng makoko a a farologaneng a bona go ya ka tlhomamiso e e fetotsweng.
- Poresidente –
- ka therisano le Batlatsa-Poresidente ba Khuduthamaga le baeteledipele ba makoko a a tsayang karolo o tshwanetse –
- go tlhoma lefapha le le rileng la Tona e e kailweng mo karolwaneng (1)(b) fa go ka tlhokega;
- go thapa go ya ka lefapha leo, motho yo e seng leloko la Kokoano ya Bosetšhaba, jaaka Tona e e nang le maikarabelo a lefapha leo; le
- go tlatsa, fa go tlhokega, phatlhatiro go ya ka lefapha leo; kgotsa
- morago ga therisano le Batlatsa-Poresidente ba Khuduthamaga le baeteledipele ba makoko a a tsayang karolo, o tshwanetse go fedisa thapo nngwe le nngwe go ya ka temana (a) fa go ka nna botlhokwa mo mabakeng a Molaotheo kgotsa mo kgatlhegong ya puso e e siameng.
- Dikopano tsa kabinete di tshwanetse tsa tshwarwa marapo ke Moporesidente, kgotsa ke Motlatsa-Moporesidente wa Khuduthamaga fa Moporesidente a laela jalo. Fa fela Batlatsa-Poresidente ba Khuduthamaga ba tshwara marapo mo dikopanong tsa Kabinete ka go refosana ntle le fa go na le ditlhokego tsa potlako tsa puso le fa mowa wa kopano ya bosetšhaba o tlhoka jalo.
- Kabinete e tshwanelwa ke go dira ka mokgwa o o tla nayang tshiamisetso go mowa wa tirisano mmogo o akarediwang mo pusong ya tshwaraganelo ya bosetšhaba le fela jaaka tlhokego ya puso e e nang le bokgoni.
Karolo 93 ya Molaotheo o mošwa e tshwanetse go buisega jaana:
93. Go thapiwa ga Batlatsa-Baporesidente
- Moporesidente morago ga buisana le Batlatsa-Baporesidente ba Khuduthamaga le baeteledipele ba makoko a tsayang karolo mo Kabineteng, a ka rebola diphatlhatiro tsa Batlatsa-Baporesidente.
- Lekoko le na le tshiamelo ya go abelwa phatlha ya Motlatsa- Moporesidente e le nngwe kgotsa go feta go ya ka tekanyo e mafapha a Kabinete a abiwang ka yona.
- Dikaelo tsa karolo 90 (10) go fitlha (12) di a dira, ka diphetogo tse di tlhokegang go Batlatsaditona, mme mo tiragatsong ya go nna jalo, taelo ya karolo eo go Tona kgotsa lefapha e tshwanetse go buisiwa jaaka taelo go Motlatsa-Moporesidente kgotsa phatla ya Botlatsa-Moporesidente ka go tshwana.
- Fa motho a thapiwa jaaka Motlatsa-Moporesidente wa lefapha lengwe le lengwe leo le leng ka fa tlase ga tlhokomelo ya Tona –
- Motlatsa-Moporesidente yoo, o tshwanetse go diragatsa le go dira mo boemong ba Tona e e maleba dithata dingwe le dingwe le ditiro tse di neetsweng Tona eo go ya ka peomolao nngwe le nngwe kgotsa ka ditaelo tsa Poresidente tseo di neetsweng Motlatsatona yoo ke Tona eo; le
- go umakiwa gongwe le gongwe mo peomolaong nngwe le nngwe ga Tona eo, go tshwanelwa go tlhaloganyega jaaka go akaretsa go umakiwa ga Motlatsa Tona yo o diragatsang ditiro go ya ka ditaelo tsa temana (a) ke Tona yo Motlatsa- Moporesidente yoo a dirang boemong jwa gagwe.
- Fa Motlatsa-Moporesidente a se teng kgotsa ka mabaka a a rileng a sa kgone go diragatsa nngwe ya dithata kgotsa ditiro tsa ofisi ya gagwe, Moporesidente a ka thapa Motlatsa-Moporesidente mongwe kgotsa motho mongwe go dira mo maemong a Motlatsa-Moporesidente o o kaiwang, e ka nna go dira ka kakaretso kgotsa go dira thata kgotsa tiro nngwe e e kgethegileng.
Karolo 96 ya Molaotheo o mošwa e tshwanetse go nna le dikarolotlaleletso tsa tlaleletso tse di latelang:
- Ditona di ikarabela ka bongwe go Moporesidente le mo Ntlokokoano Bosetšhaba mo tsamaisong ya mafapha a bona, mme maloko otlhe a Kabinete a na le maikarabelo a a kopanetsweng mo tiragatsong ya ditiro tsa puso ya bosetšhaba le maikemisetso a yona.
- Ditona di tshwanetse go tsamaisa mafapha a bona go ya ka maikemisetso a a tlhomamisitsweng ke Kabinete.
- Fa Tona e palelwa ke go tsamaisa lefapha go ya ka maikemisetso a a tlhomamisitsweng ke Kabinete, Moporesidente a ka batla gore Tona e e amegang, go ya ka tsamaiso ya lefapha le maikemisetso a lona.
- Fa tona e e amegang e palelwa go inaakanya le se se batlwang ke Poresidente mo tlase ga karolotlaleletso (5), Moporesidente a ka tlosa Tona mo ofising –
- fa e le Tona, e e tlhalositsweng mo karolo 91(1)(a), morago ga dipuisano le Tona gape, fa Tona e se tokololo ya lekoko la ga Poresidente kgotsa ese moeteledipele wa lekoko le le tsayang karolo, le gona morago gatherisano le moeteledipele wa lekoko la Tona eo; kgotsa
- fa e le Tona e e tlhslositsweng mo karolo 91(1)(b), morago ga therisano le Batlatsa Moporesidente ba Khuduthamaga le baeteledipele ba makoko a a tsayang karolo.


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Boipelo jwa Boipuso jwa lefatshe la Botswana
Template:Unreferenced stub Template:Politics of Botswana Boipelo jwa Boipuso jwa lefatshe la Botswana (BIP) e ne e le boipelo wa sepolotiki mo Botswana jo bo saleng bo simolotse ka ngwaga wa 1964 go ya go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1994.
BIP e simolotswe ka 1964 ke batho ba e kileng ya bo e le maloko a Botswana People's Party (BPP) mme gape bo eteletswe pele ke Motsamai Mpho.
Mo nakong ya fa e santse e le teng ,BIP e ne e diragatsa ditiro tsa diphuthego tsa kganetso. Phuthego e e tseneletse ditlhopho tse di botlhano tsa dingwaga tsa (1969, 1974, 1979, 1984, le 1989), mme ya kgona go nna le boemed kwa khudutlhamageng fela ga bedimo ngwageng wa (1969 le 1974), e ntse e fenya ditlilo tse pedi fela.
Kangwaga wa 1994, BIP e ne ya kopana le Botswana Freedom Party (BFP) go aga Independence Freedom Party (IFP) ka botsamaisi jwa Motsamai Mpho. Phuthego ya IFP ya fenya boraro mo lekgolong mo ditlhophong tsa Phalane a tlhola lesome le botlhano ngwaga wa 1994 mme ba seka ba kgona go bona boemedi kwa khudutlhamageng. Moragonyana,fa IFP e itlama go tswa.
Batswana ba ipaakanyetsa go keteka boipuso[baakanya | edit source]
Modulasetilo wa komiti ya ditlhabololo tsa motse wa Mahalapye mmaetsho Baareng Raphane, a re puso e abetse banni ba motse oo P53,890 e le madi a a tlaa dirisiwang go keteka boipuso jwa lefatshe leno jwa dingwaga di le masome a mane le botlhano.O boleletse motswedi wa dikgang wa BOPA mo potsolotsong, gore madi ao a tlaa kgaoganngwa ka dikgotlana di le masome a mabedi le bone tsa motse wa Mahalapye, mme a re o ka leboga go menagane fa morafe o ka nna le seabe mo tirong ya letsatsi leo ka jaana e le letsatsi le Batswana ba tshwanetseng go ipelafatsa ka lone.A re Batswana ba tshwanetse go tsaya letsatsi leo ka matsetseleko ka e le letsatsi le lefatshe la Botswana le boneng kgololesego ka lone mo mmusong wa ga Mmamosadinyana. Mme Raphane o kopile baeteledipele ba morafe jaaka dikgosi, magosana, makhanselara le badirelapuso go nna le seabe mo paakanyetsong boipuso. Mme Raphane a re e re ka motse wa Mahalapye o agetswe ke merafe e tshwana le Baherero, Baxhosa, Bangwato, Batswapong, Bakgalagadi, Basarwa, Bakalaka le Batalaote o ka nametsega pelo fa morafe mongwe le mongwe o ka apara kapari ya segabone le go supa ditso le dingwao tsa bone ka letsatsi leo go itumelela boipuso, jo lefatshe leno le bo boneng ka ngwaga wa 1966.
A re e re ntswa malatsi a boipuso a setse a atametse, o tshwenngwa ke gore batho bangwe ba ba tlhophilweng mo komiting ya boipuso ga ba tsene diphuthego tsa komiti ka tlhamalalo, mme a re seo ke sone se se kgoreletsang morafe go ya kwa kgotleng ka bontsi ka letsatsi la boipuso.Mme Raphane a re e re ntswa ba dumelane gore kgotlana nngwe le nngwe e ntshetse meletlo ya letsatsi la boipuso P100.00, o swabisiwa ke gore le gompieno dikgotlana tseo ga di ise di kgone go ntsha madi ao le mororo go setse malatsi a le lesome le botlhano gore go ketikiwe boipuso.E tlaa re kgwedi eno e le masome a mabedi le bone go tshwarwe dikgaisano tsa mmabontle kwa holong ya setshaba le e leng lone le tlaa nnang khumagadi ya letsatsi leo.


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Sekgalagadi
Contents
Ritso jha Botswana gka kakarejo[baakanya | edit source]
Morahe wa batjho ba letso la Bantu, Basarwa le Khoi ba tholega bokone jhwa Africa. Morahe o, wabo o horosha bokone beya bothaba jhwa Africa, mme ele morahe wa ntha go rula mo lehelo la Cape mo lehatsheng la Africa borwa gka rigwaga jha bo 300A.D. Gka 1961 Batjho ba ga MmaMosadinyana ba ne bona gole botoka gore Botswana a ikemele ale wane go jhwa Afrika Borwa. Merahe e meberi e ya Basarwa le Khoi, mojhwa ga lobagkanyana ba bo be latjela morahe wa Bantu lehelo la Cape.[1].
Tjeme ya shekgalagari[baakanya | edit source]
Kihisano mmogo ye, lebakjga layo ke go legka gore encyclopedia ya matshotsho othe a mahatshe a harologanyego, mme e bile a sha sogkameye mo lethakoring lengwe ebile a rihisiwa ke motjho mongwe le mongwe mo interneteng mahala.Wikipedia ha e ruwelelwe, ebile e gka rihisiwa go bata thaloso ya shengwe le shengwe, le go baakanya je riseye ritchenyijwe.Gka gore mongwe le mongwe o kgona go tchenya she o she batayo, Wikipedia ha e go tshepise gore she o gka she hithela e gka dgwa ele boammaruri dgotlhe kgotsa nnete e heleyeyo.O gka legkeledga ka Sandbox, Shekgalagadi Wikipedia e, e na le ri article rile lesome le bosupa. Go tshola malebela kgotsa go poponyeja go bona gore o ka kwala eng, o gka bula wa thola gore batjho ba kopile eng.[2].
Morahe wa Basarwa le Bakgalagadi[baakanya | edit source]
Motjho wa letso la Sesarwa , Khoi le Bakgalagadi ba bowna mo digkaolong gka go harologana bophirima mo Aforika. Mo lehaching la Botswana go nale morahe wa Basarwa ole moraro ha morahe wa Khoi ole lesome le bobedi le morahe wa Bakgalagadi one o hejta bothano. Batjho ba puo ee ya Basarwa gantsi ba bonwa digkaolong jhe di tjengnyanatjang jhwa gka bo Hukuntsi, Inalegolo, Lehututu, Ncojane, Khakhea, Mabutsane le Sekoma.Ha mbangwee bona be bonwa mogkaolong Kweneng mo Khekhenye le Luzwe(Dutlwe). Bakgalagari ke batjho ba morahe wa Bantu jwagka Batswana, Bakalanga le Batswapong. Morahe o ke Batswana e bile ke Sotho-Tswana[3].


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Ditlhopho tsa ngwaga wa 2009 tsa lefatshe la Botswana
Template:Out of date Template:Infobox Election Template:Politics of Botswana
Ditlhopho tsa sechaba di tshwerwe ka kgwedi ya Phalane e tlhola lesome le borataro 2009. E ne e le ditlhopho tsa bolesome tsa sechaba di tshwarwa morago ga Botswana a tsaya boipuso ka 1966. Palamente ya Botswana e na le ditilo di le masome marataro le motso, mo go tsone ba le masome matlhano le bosupa ba ba tlhophiwa ke sechaba go ya ka dikgaolo tse di emelwang ke mopalamente a le mongwe, se se reela gore gore go na le dikgaolo tsa botlhophi dile masome matlhano le bosupa, nngwe le nngwe ya tsone e itlhophela mopalamente a le mongwe. Ditilo tse nne tse tsone, mapalamente a a itlhophetsweng ba tlhopa gore ke bomang ba ba tla a di tlatsang. Kwa ntle ga palamente, Batswana gape ba tlhopha makhanselara.
Lekgotla la sepolotiki la Botswana Democratic Party le ne la gapa ditilo di l dintsi se se reela gore ke bone ba ba tlaabong ba tsaya puso ya Botswana.
Contents
Makgotla a sepolotiki[baakanya | edit source]
Makgotla otlhe a polotiki a a neng a tsere karolo mo ditlhophong tsa sechaba tsa ngwaga wa 2004 a ne a emela ditlhopho tsa bopalamente ka 2009: Lekgotla la Botswana Democratic Party (BDP), Botswana National Front (BNF) le Botswana Congress Party (BCP). Makgotla a mannye le one a ne a tsere karolo, le bontlhopheng ba ba neng ba ikemetse ka nosi ba le lesome le botlhano (mo dikgaolong tsa botlhophi di le lesome le boraro).
Phathi ya domokoraga (BDP) e ne e tlhomileng baemedi mo dikgaolong tsotlhe tsa botlhophi di le masome matlhano le bosupa. Moeteledipele wa yone, ebong tautona wa Botswana Ian Khama o ne a sa emela ditlhopho, mme mothusa-tautona Mompati Merafhe o ne a sireletsa setilo sa gagwe kwa Mahalapye Bophirima. BDP e fentse ditlhopho tsotlhe tse di tshwerweng mo Botswana morago ga boipuso.
Moeteledipele wa BNF o ne a sa ema e le ntlhopheng. O ne a ikaeletse go sireletsa setilo sa gagwe sa palamente sa Gaborone Bophirima Bokone mme o ne a latlhegelwa ke ditlhopho tsa peo letlhokwa tsa BNF teng. Go ne go na le dipelaelo tsa gore gongwe o ka emela phathi ya gagwe kwa Gaborone Borwa, mme Moupo o ne a seka a dumela go emela ditlhopho. Ka ditlhopho tsa 2004, Moupo o ne a emetse ditlhopho kwa Selibe-Phikwe Bophirima mme a latlhegelwa kgatlhanong le ntlhopheng wa BDP Kavis Kario. O ne a tlhophiwa go nna mopalamente wa Gaborone Bophirima Bokone ka ditlhopho tsa poeletso ka ngwaga wa 2005 morago ga go tlhokakafala ga mopalament wa BNF Paul Rantao.
BCP e dirisanya le Botswana Alliance Movement (BAM), mme ba thusanya go ka tlhopha moemedi wa phathi e nngwe. BCP-BAM e ne e tlhomile baemedi mo dikgaolong tsa botlhophi di le masome mane le borataro. Moeteledipele wa BCP Gilson Salashando o ne a emela ditlhopho kwa Selibe-Phikwe Bophirima e e neng e tshwerwe ke ntlhopeng wa BDP Kavis Kario.
Patlo Maikutlo[baakanya | edit source]
Pele ga ditlhopho go ne ga diriwa dipatlisiso di le mmalwa ka patlo maikutlo, go leka bona gore sechaba se slofetse eng.
Pele ga ditlhopho[baakanya | edit source]
Mathata a BDP[baakanya | edit source]
BDP mo bogompienong e na le mathata a a mo teng ga phathi, e bile Tautona Khama a ntsha matshosetsi a go kopa Modulasetilo wa phathi e bile e kile ya nna Tona Daniel Kwelagobe, moeteledipele wa lekgamu la Barata-Phathi le le fitlhelwang mo teng ga BDP. Lefa fa Khama le Kwelagobe ba baakantse dipharologanyo tsa bone, go itsetsepela ga BDP go santse go reketla.
Mathata a go tlhopha ga mapodisi le batlhophisi[baakanya | edit source]
Ka gore bathophisi le mapodisi ba tshwanetse go tsamaisa ditlhopho ka Phalane a tlhola lesome le boratato, go ne ga nna le tsamaiso ya gore bone ba tlhophe pele ga nako ya ditlhopho. Se se ne se tshwanetse go dirwa ka Phalane a le masome mabedi le borobaboongwe. Mme le fa go ntse jalo, ka mathata a go gatisa ko Johannesburg, se ne sa sa seka sa tsamaya jaaka go ne go tshwanetse. Dipalo tse di fitlhelwang mo pampiring ya ditlhopho di ne di fitlhelwa di iipoeletsa go feta bongwe. Jaanong ba sepodisi le batlhophisi ba ne ba tshwanetse go tlhopha le sechaba ka kakaretso ka Phalane a le lesome le borataro. Jaanong se e ne e le mathata a a tlhwaafetseng mo badireding ba ba ikwadiseditseng go tlhopha mo mafelong a a kgakala le kwa ba yang go tlhophisa teng. BCP e ne ya ntsha matshosetsi a go tsaya kgatlo ya semolao kgatlhanong le lekgotla le le tsamaisang ditlhopho la IEC.
Go tlhopha fa o se mo Botswana[baakanya | edit source]
Go tlhopha pele ga na nako mo mafelong a botlhophi a a kwa ntle ga lefatshe go ne ga dirwa ka Phalane a le gararo mo mafelong a botlhophi lefatshe ka bophara.
Maduo[baakanya | edit source]
Template:Botswana general election, 2009 Dipalo tse dintsi tsa batlhopi di ne tsa gatisiwa mme nako ya go bulwa ga mafelo a botlhophelo e ne ya okediwa go ka emelana le mela e metelele ya batlhophi. Balebeledi ba ditlhopho batlhalositse fa di tsamaile ka thelelo le fa go nnile batho ba ba rileng ba ba sa kgonang go tlhopha. BDP e ne ya supa kgolo mo maduong a 2004 ka go gapa setilo se sengwe go dira gore di nne masomemane le botlhano mo ditilong tsa palamente di le masome matlhano le bosupa. Ba kganetso ba BNF ba ne ba bona kwelotlase go tswa mo ditilong tse di lesome le bobedi go ya ko go tse thataro. BCP e e duleng mo BNF e ne ya oketsa kemedi ya yone go tswa kwa go bongwe go ya kwa go bone le badirisanyi mmogo ba bone BAM ba ne ba ikgapela setilo se le sengwe. Nehemiah Modubule, mopalamente wa Lobatse o ne a fenya ditlhopho a ikemetse ka nosi, a ne a tlhophilwe ka 2004 ka fa tlase ga BNF. Kwa ntle ga go gapa ditilo di le dintsi BDP e ne ya boelwa mo tsamaisong ya pele ya ditlhopho ka palo ya diphathi tsa kganetso e lekane go ka fenya BDP mo dikgaolong di le dintsi tsa botlhophi. Seelo sa phathi ya BDP e ne e le go oketsa kemedi ya bone go tshwara masome matlhano moanamisa mafoko o supile fa ba itumeletse maduo.
BDP e gapile ditlhopho tse dintsi, fa BNF e gaisitse badirisanyi mmogo BCP-BAM ka mola o mosesanyane go ka gapa maemo a bobedi.
Maduo a ne a neela Khama sebaka se sengwe sa go busa ngwaga tse tlhano. O ne a ikanisiwa morago ga ditlhopho, mme mokete wa phenyo o ne wa dirwa ka Phalane a le lesome le borobabobedi mo Gaborone.
O ka tsibogela[baakanya | edit source]
- Maina a mapalamente a nako eno a Botswana
Dipadi tse dingwe.[baakanya | edit source]
Dikgoge tsa kwa ntle[baakanya | edit source]
- Lekgotla le le ikemetseng ka nosi la tsamaiso ditlhopho(IEC): Bontlhopheng ba ditilo tsa bopalamente


text:
Ke bona mang tlase ga sefapano
A na le setoto sa ga Jesu?
Oh, ke Maria a lelela ngwana,
Moswi yo montle mabogong a ‘gwe.
A go na le botlhoko jo bo kana
Mo pedung ya mma mono lefatsheng?
Bo bogolo fela jaaka lewatle.
Lotlhe lo mo tlhomogeleng pelo.
Mmele o, ke wa Morwa wa Modimo,
O boitshepho mme oa tlotlega.
Gotlhe o tletse dintho le matsadi:
Ke wa ngwana’o: A oa o itse?
Gopola tsatsi jele ja botsalo
Setaleng, motsing wa Betlehema:
O n’o mmaya bojelong jwa dipitsi;
jaanong o tla mmaya mo lebitleng.
A kgaogano e e tla phatlolang
Pelo ya gago, pelo tsa rona.
Re lela nao, oh kgosi ya babogi;
A re nne nao le mo boipelong.