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Setso sa Setswana
Setso se bua ka mekgwa, boitshwaro mo dithulaganyong le mo ditirong tsa morafe. Di kaya botlhale jwa morafe mo go rarabololeng mathata le go dira ditshono gore go nne le tswelelopele mo botshelong.
Gape setso se bua ka tsela eo re tshwanetse go itswara ka yona, tlotlo, Maitseo a a amogeletsegang bogolo thata go iketse gore o tswa ole kae?
Contents
- 1 Setso le Ngwao tsa Setswana
- 2 Seaparo
- 3 Ditiro Tsa Diatla/Botaki
- 4 Tse di Nyeletseng
- 5 Tse di sa leng teng
- 6 Tlatlana
- 7 Leselo
- 8 Motlhotlho
- 9 Moseme
- 10 Ela Tlhoko
- 11 Matlalo
- 12 Megopo
- 13 Merufa
- 14 Dinkgo
- 15 Diletso
- 16 Mefuta ya mmino wa Setswana
- 17 Ditlhopa tsa Setswana tse di gatisitseng
- 18 Dikgoge tsa kwa ntle
- 19 Dipadi tse dingwe
Setso le Ngwao tsa Setswana[baakanya | edit source]
Mo Batswaneng Setso le Ngwao di botlhokwa thata. Melao ya Setswana ga e kwalwe fa fatshe go buisiwa ke mongwe le mongwe, ebile ga e tsamaisane le bogolo jwa dingwaga tsa motho. Se se raya gore fa o sa nyala kgotsa o sa nyalwa ga o kitla o itse molao wa lenyalo, le fa le ka tshwaraganngwa fela ke magiseterata la se ka la laiwa ke bagolo, ga lo tsene fa go laiwa banyalani ba bangwe ka gore lona lo jele molao wa sekgowa fela. Fa o le mogolo o tswalelwa kwa ntle fa ngwana wa gago a nyala kgotsa a nyalwa wena o sa laiwa mo nyalong. O ka nna malome, rangwane kgotsa rakgadi fela mo molaong o ikgogela kwa morago fa setlogolo se laiwa. Mengwe ya melao ke fa banyalani ba tsena mo ntlong, go na le molao o ba o fiwang, fa o sa tsenngwa mo ntlong ka molao ga o tsene fa go na le tiro ya mofuta o, gore go tsena bana ba gago ga go tshwenye. Molao mongwe ke wa go rupa, fa o sa tswe bogwera kgotsa bojale ga o a tshwanela goitse gore go dirwang, o le monnamogolo gongwe mosadimogolo.
Gompieno go na le ketsaetsego ya gore melao e mentsi ga e salwe morago ka tshwanelo, mme go botlhokwa gore re se ka ra letlelela bophelo jwa segompieno jo bo tletseng ka mafaratlhatlha a tekenoloji go re fenya. Ka gompieno bontsi ba rona re phela mo metseng setoropo re tshwanetse re tsamaye ka thuto e bagolo ba rona ba re e tlogeletseng go e dirisa kwa rephelang teng, re diragatse ditiro tsa rona tsa setso tse di kgonagalang fa re nnang teng, re se ka ra tsaya gore ka e se mo magaeng re ka seka ra diragatsa setso sa rona. Ga ntsi ga re dirise meila ya rona jaaka re tshwanetse ka re phela mo ditoropong, fa gotwe o seka wa ja o e me ka maoto gongwe o seka wa jela mopitseng, gore o kwa Seborogo, Jeremane kgotsa Fora fa o le Motswana se dire jalo.
Seaparo[baakanya | edit source]
Tshega, Makgabe, Serampheetšhane, sedirwa ka letlalo la phatla ya kgomo. Motlokolo: O dirwa ka letlalo la nku, o aparwa ke makgarebe Leteisi le aparwa ke batho ba ba nyetsweng, le basadi ga ba bereka ko meketeng(dipitseng)[1].
Ditiro Tsa Diatla/Botaki[baakanya | edit source]
Go na le dilo tse dintsi tse di ntseng di itirelwa ka diatla go tswa bogologolong. Dingwe tsa dilo tse di setse di lebetswe mo malatsing a segompieno, fa tse dingwe di ntse di tsweletse di dirwa. Dilo tse di ne di direlwa go dirisiwa, mme jaanong gompieno bontsi jwa tsone di dirisediwa go kgabisa.
Tse di Nyeletseng[baakanya | edit source]
Mo tlholegong ya Setswana, Batswana ba ne ba itse go gakolosa tshipi, ba itirele dilepe, digai, dithipa, megoma e e otolang, le tse dingwe tse ba neng ba di tlhoka go itshetsa le go iphemela ka tsona. Mo malatsing ano kitso e ya go gakolosa tshipi e tsamaile, le gone go itirela dilwana tse tsa tshipi go nyeletse. Batswana ba kile ba be ba kgona go ipetlela selepe sa ntwa - magagana; mme gompieno kitso eo e ile le beng ba yona
Tse di sa leng teng[baakanya | edit source]
Bontsi jwa dilwana tse di itiretsweng ka diatla di sa ntse di le teng le gompieno. Dingwe tsa dilwana tse, jaaka tlatlana, di diretse Botswana mo mafatsheng a mantsi. Dingwe tsa dilwana tseo ke tse:
Tlatlana[baakanya | edit source]
Tlatlana ya Botswana, e e dirwang bogolo thata kwa Maun, e galalediwa thata mo ditshupong tsa mafatshefatshe tsa ditiro tsa diatla. E bonwa e le nngwe ya ditiro tse di dirilweng ka botswerere le kitso e e tswang mo mading a motho.Tlatlana ya Setswana e logwa ka lotlhaka lwa noka.Tlatlana ya Botswana e setse e rekisiwa mo mafatsheng a mantsi mme ka go rialo e tsisetsa lefatshe leno madi a a tswang mo mafatsheng a sele Tlatlana e e kgabisiwa ka mefutafuta, e be e logwe ka dilekanyo, tse di farologanyeng. Go na le tse ditona le tse dinnye, tse di kgonang go pegwa mo loboteng, go kgabisiwe ka tsona[2].
Leselo[baakanya | edit source]
Kwa ntle ga tlatlana, Batswana ba tswa kgakala ba itse go loga loselo. Lone lo logwa ka thupa ya moretlwa, e fatotswe’, e bile kwataboloditswe makwati. Le lone jaaka tlatlana, lo logwa dilekanyo tse di farologanyeng, lo bile lo setse lo dirisediwa go kgabisa. jalo le lone lo rekwa kwa mafatsheng a sele [3].
Motlhotlho[baakanya | edit source]
Kwa tshimologong motlhôtlhô o ne o logelwa go tlhotlha bojalwa. One o logwa ka makhaši o o tlhogang fa thoko ga noka. le gale gompieno o setse o logelwa go rekisediwa ba ba ka kgabisang ka one mo matlung.
Moseme[baakanya | edit source]
Moseme gongwe legôgô o logwa ka mokhaši jaaka motlhô tlhô. One o ne o dirisiwa go alwa fa fatshe ke bomme fa ba itapolositse, ba tsere dikgang, kgotsa ba le mo mererong. Le one mo malatsing ano o setse o dirisediwa go kgabisa, bogolo jang mo ditoropong.
Ela Tlhoko[baakanya | edit source]
Kwa ntle ga dilwana tse di fa godimo tse, Batswana ba kgona go loga dika-dinkgo ka lotlhaka, jaaka tlatlana, di be di direlwe le dikhurumelo. Tsone maikaelelo a go di dira ke go kgatlha ba ba eletsang go kgabisa ka tsone, le go supa kitso ya mologi mo tirisong ya lotlhaka.Dilo tse tsotlhe di supa kitso e e nonofileng ya tlholego ya batho mme e bile di fa lefatshe la Botswana leina la gore le lone le na le seabe mo tsweledisong ya ngwao, ya losika loomotho.
Matlalo[baakanya | edit source]
Ke selo se se itsegeng thata gore go suga matlalo go tswa le Motswana kgakala. Pele ga Basweu ba tla ka matsela, Batswana ba ne ba apara diaparo tsa matlalo. Banna ba ne ba apara diphae, fa basadi bona ba apara diphaeyana. Gape go ne go dirwa methikga ka matlalo, mme go binwe ka yona.Go ne go sugwa matlalo go dirwa diphate, thari e e belegang ngwana, lekuka la madila, kuane ya banna, go be go sugwe dikgole go golega dikgomo le go di katlowa fa di gangwa. Diphate tse di aparwang sekobo, le tse di phuthang dithoto di ne di sugwa boleta le bontle,go na le tse di alwang fa fatshe.
Ka ntlha ya go bona ditšhaba tsa seeng di kgatlhegela diphate tsa Setswana, gompieno diphate di sugwa, di rokwe, di be di kgabisiwe ka bokgabane jo bo tsikitlang leitlho la molebi. Ke ka moo le Batswana jaanong ba setseng ba kgabisa ka diphate mo matlung a a bone Ga ba tlhole ba di rekela go di ala. Le gale kwa metseng ya magae go sa ntse go na le ba ba di alang, le fa theko ya tsona e iteile batho tsebe.Diphate tse dingwe di ntlafadiwa ka go tshwaraganya matlalo a diphologolo tse di farologanyeng, go dira phate e le nngwe, Fale le go sa ntse go bonwa diaparo tsa matlalo, jaaka borokgwe, baki, phaeyana, jalo jalo. Go gongwe dibaki di segwa ka matlalo a bophokojwe, mme a se ke a ntshiwe bobowa gore a nne mantle.
Megopo[baakanya | edit source]
Le fa megopo e sa tlhole e dirisediwa go jela, fela go sa na le dithakga tse di e betlang. Mogopo o betlwa ka logong lwa monato, mophane, morula, le tse dingwe. Mo malatsing ano megopo e betlelwa go rekisiwa le go kgabisa mo matlung. Le yona e setse e betlwa ka mekgwa e mentsi go e ntlafatsa le go e tlhabolola. Mengwe e betlelwe dikhurumelo.Jaaka ditlatlana, le megopo e betlwa ka dilekanyo tse di farologanyeng gore batho ba e rekele mabaka a a farologanyeng.Godimo ga megopo go betlwa le dintshwana, dikika, metshe le dipora - dinno tsa Setswana tse di betlilweng ka logong fela. Go betlwa le ditilo tsa dikgojana, mme di kgabisiwe ka mekgwa e mentsi
Babetli ba setse ba. betla dikikanyana, metshenyana, le dikopi tse tse ba di direlang gone go kgabisa fela. Mo e a be e le go supa kitso ya Motswana ya go dira ka logong le petlwana.Kwa ntle ga megopo le tse di setseng di umakilwe, go na le dilo tse dingwe tse dintsi tse di betlwang ka logong, jaaka lore, setshwantsho sa motho, kgomo, tau, tlou, le diphologolo tse dingwe, le ka dinonyane le digagabi tota.Mo ntlheng e go ka twe kgwebo e thusitse thata, gonne fa di ne di sa betlelwe go rekisiwa, bontsi jwa tsone di ka be di setse di nyeletse, jalo dikokomana tsa rona di ka be di latlhegetswe ke kitso ya ngwao ya segabona.
Merufa[baakanya | edit source]
Morufa ke kgamelo e e betlilweng ka logong. Batswana ba le bantsi gompieno ga ba tlhole ba itse kgamelo e. Ka ntlha ya kgwebo, re sa ntse re wela kgamelo e e rekisiwa; ka jaana e sa tlhole e dirisiwa mo go gameng.Ke selo se se kgatlhang go lemoga gore e rile pele ga ditšhaba tsa Bophirima di tla mono ga rona, batho ba ne ba ipheditse ka dilo tse ba di tlhokang mo matshelong a bona a gale.
Dinkgo[baakanya | edit source]
Nkgo ya Setswana le yona ke nngwe ya ditiro tsa diatla tlholegileng le ngwao ya Setswana. Yona e botšwa ka mmopa, e besiwe gore e tie. Ka jaana le yona e kgatlhisa thata, babopi ba yona ba e bopa ka go e ntlafatsa le go e kgabisa ka ditsela tse di farolo- ganyeng. Ga e tlhole e dirisiwa thata go beela metsi kgotsa bojalwa, mme jalo ba ba e rekang gantsi ba e rekela go kgabisa ka yona
Diletso[baakanya | edit source]
Maitiso a Setswana go gongwe a ne a loisiwa ka go dirisa diletso tse di itiretsweng. Dingwe tsa diletso tse ke moropa, serankure/segaba/sebintsolo, phala e e dirilweng ka lonakana lwa phala, kgotsa lwa phudufudu, le tse dingwe jalo.Ka jaana gompieno dilo di tlhabolotswe ka bontsi, dingwe tsa diletso tse ga di tlhole di dirisiwa mo dipineng. Bontsi jwa tsona gompieno di bonwa di kgabisitse mo matlung, kgotsa di tlhaga fa go na le meletlo e megolo ya semmuso [4].
Mefuta ya mmino wa Setswana[baakanya | edit source]
TSUTSUBE, PHATISE, HOSANA, HURU, SETAPA SA DIPHATE LE MMAMARUTLE.
Mmino wa Setswana fela jaaka mmino wa ditso tse dingwe, Ke sekgantshwane, ebile ke sekao sa Setshaba sa Setswana. O farologane ka mokgwa o o diragadiwang ka teng. bogolojang fa re lebile dikao tsa ditso tse dingwe mo Aforika. Didiriswa tsa teng ga se tsa manobonobo mme di natifisa pina thata, jaaka mokgwa wa go opa diatla, Matlhao le diphala. Molodi wa pina ya Setswana o supa gore Batswana ke bo mang le gore Botshelo jwa bona bo ntse jang. Mo mminong go bonala Boitumelo, Kutlobotlhoko, Metshameko, kalafi, Kaloso le ditiro tse di amanang le setso tse di dirwang ngwaga le ngwaga jaaka go rapelela Pula le ka nako ya thobo.
Ditlhopa tsa Setswana tse di gatisitseng[baakanya | edit source]
1. Maletangwao Cultural Troupe Montshiwa (Mafikeng) 2. Mosekaphofu Cultural Mull Lorwaneng (Mafikeng) 3. MmaAusi Montshiwa ( Mafikeng) 4. Mebala Lotlhakane (Mafikeng) 5. Tswelelang Traditional Group Logageng (Mafikeng) 6. Serankure Marimba Lotlamoreng (Mafikeng) 7. Serake Traditional Group Serake (Lehurutshe) 8. Bana Ba Kgwale Borakalalo (Lehurutshe) 9. Mma Mpelegele Ngwana Bapong (Rustenburg) 10. Maipela Ka Ngwao Jobetina ( Klerkdrop ) 11. Vision Youth Jobetina ( Klerkdrop) 12. Kopano Ke Matla Jobetina ( Klerkdrop) 13. Thaga Tsa Ga Mme Halenyane Sekhing ( Taung) 14. Mahube Lokaleng ( Taung) 15. Seramphetshane Unit 2 (Mogwase) 16. Ngwao ya Tshona Batlharos ( Kuruman) 17. Ba Ga Phadima MaMmebe ( Kuruman) 18. Dialogane Tsa Tlhaping Magwagwe ( Kuruman) 19. Dinkwe tsa Phuduhudu Dithakong ( Kuruman) 20. Serantlhatlha Ganyesa (Ganyesa) 21. Ngwao Boswa Kudunkgwane ( Ganyesa) 22. Olebogeng Babuseng Seoding ( Taung ) 23.reaipela cultural group(leeudoringstad)


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Diteemane tse di epiwang kwa moepong wa Orapa
Moepo wa diteemane wa Orapa ke one moepo o motona lefatshe ka bophara wa diteemane . Moepo o o kwa Orapa, kwa toropong e e kwa kgaolwaneng ya Boteti ya Botswana e ka nna dikhilomethara tse di masome a mabedi,masome a mabedi le bone mo bophirima jwa toropo ya Francistown. Orapa ("boikhutso jwa ditau") bng ba yone ke kompone ya Debswana, e e kopanetsweng gareng ga kompone ya De Beers gape le puso ya Botswana. Ke one moepo o mogologolo ya mengwe e e mene e e dirisiwang ke kompone e, e e simolotseng go dira ka Phukwi ngwaga wa 1971.
Orapa kemoepo o o bulegileng gape ke one o o motona lefatshe ka bophara. Moepe o o bonwa ka kakana ya kimberlite e e phuthaganelang fa godimo, e nale setswalo sa dikhilomethara di le 1.18 mo lefatsheng. Orapa o dira malatsi a le bosupa mo bekeng, gape a bo a ntsha sekanyo sa didikadike di le masome a mabedi ka ngwaga tsa borale gape le koketsego ya kgakgabalo ya mantswe a a sa dirisiweng a selekanyo sa makgokgolo a masome a mane ka ngwaga. Ka ngwaga wa 2003, moepo wa Orapa o ne wa ntsha 16.3 million carats (3260 kg) tsa diteemane. Selekanyo se ka bosiwang sa boleng jwa borale kwa moepong ke 0.87 carats (174 mg) per ton. Moepo o ne wa atlolosiwa ka gwaga wa 1999, o oketsega nonofo ya one. Kwa go tlhatswiwang teng deteemane mo Orapa go lepeaniwa borale jobo ntshiwang kwa Orapa gape le kwa meepong e mengwe e e mebedi ya Debswana, wa Letlhakane gape le wa diteemane wa Damtshaa .
Orapa gape le kgitsadie Letlhakane ba tlhapile batho ba le makgolokgolo a mararo le lekgolo, Debswana o nale gape sepatela sa malao a le lekgolo , sekolo sa banana gape le sekolo se se potana go direla bana ba babereki, gape le lefelo la diphologolo la Orapa . Moepo o nale ditlankana tsa ISO di le makgolokgolo a le lesome le bone le motso tse di dumalanang le go tlhokomela tikologo, gape di bo di baya botlhokwa jwa go somarela metsi gape le le go latlha sentle ga kgakgabalo.
Contents
Katlego ya Moepo[baakanya | edit source]
Mookamela lekalana la tshireletsego kwa nioepong wa Orapa, o jaanong o godileng go nna wa Orapa, Letlhakane le Damtshaa, Sonny Mogojwa, o tlhalosa fa kgang kgolo e se go tswalela sechaba kwa ntle ga Orapa, mine e le go babalela mokoti. E re ka khamphane ya Debswana e na le moepo o mongwe gape kwa Jwaneng, motho o ka ba a ipotsa gore Jwaneng ene ke eng a sa rulaganngwa ka tsela e.
“Fa o ka ela tlhoko, o tlaa lemoga gore kwa Jwaneng, matlo a bonno a ntlha ele, fa mokoti o le ntlha e sele. Ka jalo, go etela ba losika le ditsala, ga go tlhokafale teseletso ka jaana motho o sa fete fa mokoting. Mme go ya kwa mokoting tota. gone kwa Jwaneng. ga go ope yo o ka fetang a sena teseletso eo. Orapa ene o pharologanyo. Gore motho a ye kwa matlong a bonno. o feta ka mokoti, mme se ke sone se re tlamileng go tsaya tshwetso ya di teseletso re lebile tshireletsego ya diteemane” a tlhalosa Mogojwa.
Kitso ka kakaretso[baakanya | edit source]
Meepo ya Orapa. Letlhakane le Damtshaa e ntsha diteemane tse dintsi go feta meepo epe fela mo lefatsheng ka bophara. Se se jesang monate ke gore moepo wa Debswana kwa Jw aneng. one o ntsha diteemane tse di tlhwatlhwa kgolo go na le ya diteemane dipe fela mo lefatsheng. Ka bokhutshwane, lefatshe a Botswana le ipelafatsa ka gore ke lone le nang le diteemane tse dintsi ebile e le tsa tlhwatlhwa-kgolo lefatshe ka bophara. Segolo bogolo. diteemane tse di dirisiwa go tokafatsa matshelo a batho ba lefatshe leno. gammogo le go tlhabolola seemo sa itsholelo.
Mogojwa o gateletse gore ke lone lebaka le, le le pateletsang gore go tlhongwe kwa pele methale ya motia ya go babalela ditswa-mmung tse, e sere gongwe dirukutlhi tsa tloga tsa ntsha Orapa kwa ga mmapereko.
Diteseletso tsa go etela moepo[baakanya | edit source]
Fa o na le wa lesika kgotsa tsala e dinela kwa moepong, o tshwanetse wa mo fa maina a gago ka botlalo le nomoro ya Omang. Ene o tlaa go kopela teseletso. Malatsi a ka nna mararo pele ga o goroga kwa Orapa. nnyaya tlhe. maina a gago a tlaa bo a setse a lebilwe go tlhomamisa gore ga o na botlhabetsi bope mo sechabeng. Ke ka moo e tlaa reng niotsing o goroga mo motsaneng o. o fitlhele teseletso e e go emetse kwa magorogelong a baeng. Thulaganyo e ke e e tsepameng ya go tlhomamisa gore fa o na le maikaelelo a sele. o a retelelwa. Motswana wetsho, o seka wa bo wa leka. ga go lekege go utswa kwa Orapa. O tswa fela o iphotlhere.
Dipadi tse dingwe[baakanya | edit source]
- Debswana diamond mines (Retrieved April 13, 2005)
- Orapa (Retrieved April 29, 2008)

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Gauteng
Gauteng ke enngwe ya diporofinsi tse di robongwe mo Aferika Borwa. Fa go bapisiwa le tse dingwe, ke ennye, fela ke yone e nang le baagi ba le bantsi go feta diporofinsi tse dingwe.
Ditso[baakanya | edit source]
Gauteng,ke porofense e e neng e itsega ka leina la Pretoria-Witwatersrand-Vereeniging (PWV) le le tswileng mo go la Transvaal ka ngwaga wa 1994. Lefelo le le tletse ka batho ba lekoko la ANC go tswa kwa ngwageng wa kgethololo ya batho ba bantsho.
Melao le puso[baakanya | edit source]
Go tswa ka kgwedi ya Motshegano a le thataro, 2009, Paul Mashatile, tona ya pele ya tsa madi yo eleng modulasetilo wa ANC mo porofenseng ya Gauteng, e ne e le moemedi wa ANC mo Gauteng go tloga ka Lwetse a le supa, 2008, go fitlhelela ditlhopho tsa Nomvula Mokonyane yo neng a emelwa ke Mbhazima Shilowa go tswa ka 1999 e be a tlogela ka mathata a neng a tsogile mo ANC a dirileng gore tautona Thabo Mbeki a tlogele setilo[1].
Itsholelo[baakanya | edit source]
Itsholelo ya Gauteng ke yone e nnileng le seabe mo go tsa madi, mosepele, matshikiyego le madirelo mo lefatsheng la Afrika Borwa go feta mafelo a mangwe. Ebile ke lefelo le e leng gore fa bakgwebi go tswa ko ntle ga Afrika ba feta ka lone ba tla batla go simolola dikgwebo mo Afrika. Lefa Gauteng e le toropo e nnye mo go tse boferabongwe mo Afrika Borwa, e tsaya 1.4% ya lefatshe mo Afrika Borwa - profense e ke nngwe ya mafelo a a oketsang GDP ya Afrika Borwa. Gauteng e dira 10% ya GDP ya Sub Saharan Afrika le 7% ya GDP ya Afrika.


text:
Sekgalagadi
Contents
Ritso jha Botswana gka kakarejo[baakanya | edit source]
Morahe wa batjho ba letso la Bantu, Basarwa le Khoi ba tholega bokone jhwa Africa. Morahe o, wabo o horosha bokone beya bothaba jhwa Africa, mme ele morahe wa ntha go rula mo lehelo la Cape mo lehatsheng la Africa borwa gka rigwaga jha bo 300A.D. Gka 1961 Batjho ba ga MmaMosadinyana ba ne bona gole botoka gore Botswana a ikemele ale wane go jhwa Afrika Borwa. Merahe e meberi e ya Basarwa le Khoi, mojhwa ga lobagkanyana ba bo be latjela morahe wa Bantu lehelo la Cape.[1].
Tjeme ya shekgalagari[baakanya | edit source]
Kihisano mmogo ye, lebakjga layo ke go legka gore encyclopedia ya matshotsho othe a mahatshe a harologanyego, mme e bile a sha sogkameye mo lethakoring lengwe ebile a rihisiwa ke motjho mongwe le mongwe mo interneteng mahala.Wikipedia ha e ruwelelwe, ebile e gka rihisiwa go bata thaloso ya shengwe le shengwe, le go baakanya je riseye ritchenyijwe.Gka gore mongwe le mongwe o kgona go tchenya she o she batayo, Wikipedia ha e go tshepise gore she o gka she hithela e gka dgwa ele boammaruri dgotlhe kgotsa nnete e heleyeyo.O gka legkeledga ka Sandbox, Shekgalagadi Wikipedia e, e na le ri article rile lesome le bosupa. Go tshola malebela kgotsa go poponyeja go bona gore o ka kwala eng, o gka bula wa thola gore batjho ba kopile eng.[2].
Morahe wa Basarwa le Bakgalagadi[baakanya | edit source]
Motjho wa letso la Sesarwa , Khoi le Bakgalagadi ba bowna mo digkaolong gka go harologana bophirima mo Aforika. Mo lehaching la Botswana go nale morahe wa Basarwa ole moraro ha morahe wa Khoi ole lesome le bobedi le morahe wa Bakgalagadi one o hejta bothano. Batjho ba puo ee ya Basarwa gantsi ba bonwa digkaolong jhe di tjengnyanatjang jhwa gka bo Hukuntsi, Inalegolo, Lehututu, Ncojane, Khakhea, Mabutsane le Sekoma.Ha mbangwee bona be bonwa mogkaolong Kweneng mo Khekhenye le Luzwe(Dutlwe). Bakgalagari ke batjho ba morahe wa Bantu jwagka Batswana, Bakalanga le Batswapong. Morahe o ke Batswana e bile ke Sotho-Tswana[3].


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Motsana wa Mosetse
Mosetse ke motse o o mo kgaolong ya legare mo Botswana. Motsana o o iphaphathile fa thoko ga tsela e e tswang Francistown e fetela Nata. Mo palo batho ya ngwaga wa 2001 dipalo tsa batho di ne di le lekgolokgolo,makgolo a borataro,masome a borataro le motso. Mosetse o ikaegile fa lotshitshing la noka ya Mosetse,e e kgwelang kwa Sua Pan,e eleng bontlha bongwe jwa Makgadigadi Pan.[1]-
Kgosi ya ntlha e ne e le Rre mongwe a bidiwa Nfila, yo tlileng mo motsaneng e le molemisi. mme kgosi ya gompieno ke Kebailele Polokakgolo. palo ya batho e solofelwa go bo e oketsegile ka ntateng ya ponagalo gape le go bulwa ga moepo wa Kopore mo motsaneng. ka seo, motse yo o ntseng o sa tlhabololwa, o tla simolola go tlelwa ke ditlhabololo jaaka sekolo sa bobedi se se potana le kokelwana.
Banni ba Mosetse motsana o o nale batho ba letso la Sekalaka gape le Basarwa. Mmusi ike mongwe wa banni ba mosetse yo o tsenang kwa Mmadikolo wa Botswana.Batho ka bontsi ba ikaegile ka temo thuo go itshetsa ka dijoba bangwe ba akaretsa ba lelwapa la bo Kehitile ba ba tlileng ba tswa kwa motseng wa Tutume ba eteletswe pele ke Kehitile Madubeko. Lesley Tibabo kehitile ke mongwe wa baalogani ba kwa motsaneng wa Mosetse.
Contents
Khansele potlana e rutuntsha komiti[baakanya | edit source]
Khansele potlana ya Tutume e ne e tshwere thuto-puisano ya dikomiti tsa ditlhabololo tsa metse kwa Marapong bosheng. Thuto-puisano e e ne e tsaya malatsi a le mabedi, maikaelelo e le go tlhatlhelela maloko a dikomoti tsa ditlhabololo tsa metse, a a tlhophilweng bosheng ka kitso yotlhe e e tlhokegang go bereka ka ditlhabololo tsa metse ya bone. Metsana e e neng e tseneletse thuto-puisano e ke Lepashe, Kutlamogoreng, Marobela, Semitwe, Matsitama le Mosetse. Motse mongwe le mongwe o ne o na le maloko a komiti ya ditlhabololo a le matlhano mme ba tladitswe ke kgosi ya motse le mokhanselara wa bone.Barutuntshi e ne e le bo mmaboipelego, bagolwane ba tsa ditlhabololo tsa metse, bakwaledi bagolo ba khansele ya Tutume gammogo le badupi ba dibuka tsa madi. Fa bokopano jo bo dirwa mo Marapong jaana, bo ne bo sa tswa go tshwarwa ga kwa dikgaolong tsa boGweta le Maitengwe mo dibekeng tse di fetileng.
Maikaelelo le maikemisetso a bokopano jo ya bo e le go rutuntsha maloko a masha a, le go ba fa dithuto tse di tlaa ba thusang go tsamaisa ditlhabololo le go tokafatsa matshelo mo metseng ya bone. E rile a buisa bontsi jo bo tsileng, mothusa mokwaledi mogolo wa khansele ya Tutume Mme Kene Mololwane a tlhalosa fa thuto-puisano e e tshwaretswe go tlhabolola matshelo mo metseng ka go rutuntsha bagolwane ba motse ka ditsela tse di maleba tsa go tlhabolola metse ya bone. Mme Mololwane o tlhalositse gore mmuso wa Botswana o ikaeletse thata e bile o ikemiseditse go tlhatlhelela ba e leng baeteledipele gore ditlhabololo tsa metse di nne bofefo. Dikomiti tsa ditlhabololo tsa metse, ke tsone tse di ka tlhabololang metse. Maloko ao ka e le beng ba metse ba itse botoka metse ya bone le tseo ba di tlhokang, ga bua Mme Mololwane yo a tsweletseng ka go tlhalosa fa maloko ao a tlhokana le go rutwa go etelela le go fefosa ditlhabololo. Mme Mololwane o buile fa maloko a dikomiti tseo a tsile go rutwa ka go tsamaisa dikomiti, go ba ruta ka ditsela tsa go tlhokomela madi, go a dirisa sentle le gone go a godisa. O tlhalositse fa maikaelelo e le go lemotsha badulasetilo, bakwaledi le batshwaramadi ba dikomiti tseo tsamaiso yotlhe e e ba lebaneng.
Mongwe wa dibui tsa tlotla Rre Imi Phili, yo e leng modulasetilo wa lephata la ditlhabololo tsa metse le tsa boipelego (Community Development and Social Services), gape e le mokhanselara wa Tutume, o buile fa bontsi jwa dikomiti tsa ditlhabololo di tlhaelelwa ke kitso e e maleba. Dikomiti tse dingwe di retelelwa ke go tlhabolola metse ka gobo maloko a se na boitseanape jwa go tlhabolola, go tshwara madi le gone go dirisana sentle le banni ka maikaelelo a mangwe a go tokafatsa matshelo a setho, ga bua Rre Phili.Rre Phili o kopile jalo maloko a dikomiti tseo go nna ba tsaya dithuto tsa go nna jalo ka tlhoafalo ka e le maiteko a mmuso go tokafatsa bodiredi, le go tsisa maduo mo setshabeng.
Dikgoge tsa kwa ntle[baakanya | edit source]
O ka tsibogela[baakanya | edit source]
- Nwetwe Pan
Dipadi tse dingwe.[baakanya | edit source]
Coordinates: 20°38′22″S 26°38′23″E / 20.63944°S 26.63972°E


text:
Ka'êškone
Bana botlhe ba feta ka dikarolo tsa kgolo go lebilwe maikutlo le boitshwaro. Losea kgotsa ngwana yo monyennyane ba tla tshameka ba le nosi ka boitumelo. Fa ngwana yo
mongwe a tsena mo tshamekong e e tsweletse le e ne o ka ntshiwa ka go garumelelwa kgotsa ka go mo kgarametsa. Mogongwe ngwana o kgona go tshameka le yo mongwe, ka bonyakabonya a ithuta go amogana le go drisa ditshono tsa gagwe. Kwa pheletsong setlhopha se a gola goya ko baneng ba le bararo kgotsa ba le bane. Ka nako e ngwana a simololang go tsena sekolo la bananyana go tla nna motlhofo mo go e ne gore a tsenelele setlhopha sa bana ba bangwe mme a simolole go natefelelwa ke lesedi le o.[5]
Ngwana yo o nang le ADHD le bogole o ka tlhoka thuso e e feteletseng go ithuta tselana tsa bo ja mmogo. Go fetoga ga dikai tsa ngwana wa ADHD di ka modira gore a nne se tshwakga mo kamanong ya gagwe le ba nkana ba gagwe. Bana ba ba tlhaelelwang ke go tsaya nako ya bone ga e kake ba inakanya le tomagano mo tikologong ya bone, se se dira gore go nne thata mo go bone gore ba ithute dikitso tsa tomagano ka lesedi le ba nang le lone.[5]Dingwaga tse go akanngwang fa ngwana a na le boikarabelo mo ditshwetsong tsa gagwe sekai(lenyalo, go tlhopha, le tse dingwe fela jalo) di fetogile mo tsamao ya nako, mme se se kailwe ke tsela e ba tsewang ka yone ke makgotla a molao. Ka dinako tsa ba Roma, gone go tsewa gore ngwana ga e kake ya nna modira melato, maemo a moragonyana a ileng a amogelwa ke kereke.. Ka disentshuri tsa lesome le boferabongwe, bana ba ba ko tlase ga dingwaga tse supa gone go sa dumele gore e ka nna badira melato. Bana ba dingwaga tse di fetang bosupa bone gone go akanngwa gore ba na le boikarabelo jwa ditshwetso tsa bone. Ka mong ba ne ba ka lebisiwa dikatlholo tsa melato ya borukutlhi, ba isiwa kwa kgolegelong ya batho ba ba tona, e bo ba otlhaiwa jaaka bone ka go ba kgwathisa, go batshuba ka ditshipi le go ba kaletsa. [6] Mo bo gompieno mo mafatsheng a le mantsi jaaka Canada le United stattes, ngwana wa dingwaga tse di lesome le bobedi kgotsa go feta ba bewa ka boikarabelo jwa ditiro tsa bone mo ba ka felelang ba rometswe kwa dikgolegelong tsa pankanyo motho jaaka 1}juvenile hall.
Ditshekatsheko di lemogile fa mafatshe a ka nna masome a mabedi le botlhano lefatshe ka bophara a sena dingwaga tsa thuto e e tlhokegang gotsa e e patelesegang go ka dirwa. Dingwaga tse di ko tlase tse di sa letelelweng fa ngwana a ka bereka kgotsa go nyalwa le tsone di a farologana. Mo mafatsheng a le sekaenyana fela a le lekgolo le masome a mabedi le botlhano, bana ba dingwaga tse supa go ya kwa go tse lesome le botlhano ba ka tseelwa kwa kgotla tshekelong le kwa dikgolegelong ka mabaka a ditiro tsa borukutlhi. Mo mafatsheng a mangwe bana ka fa molaong ba patleletswa go tsena sekolo go fitlhela ba le dingwaga tse di simololang ka lesome le bone kgotsa lesome le botlhano, mme ba ka bereka pele ga dingwaga tse. Tshwanelo ya ngwana ya go rutega e gomagomediwa ke go nyalwa mo go tlang pele,pereko ya bana le go isiwa dikgolegelong.[7]


text:
Molelo
Molemo ke thakathakanyo e e diragalang ka bonako ya di gase mo tsamaisong ya combustion, e e ntshang mogote, lesedi le tse dingwe tse di farologaneng.[1] Slower oxidative processes like rusting or digestion are not included by this definition.
Motuka ke bontha bongwe jo bo bonalang jwa molemo gape o na le ditlhase. Fa digase tse di fisa thata, dikgona go nna ionized go dira plasma.[2] Mmala wa motuka le bogale jwa molemo bo ya ka dilo tse dishang le dilo tse di tshelwang mo teng
Ditlamorago tsa molemo ke conflagration, se se na le bokgoni jwa go senyaka mmele ka go o fisa. Molemo ke selo sa bothokwa se se amang matshelo a batho lefatshe ka bophara. Ditlamorago tse di siameng tsa molelo ke go rotloetsa kgolo le go babalela tikologo. Molemo o sa le o dirisiw ake batho go apaya, go dira mogote, sesupo le ditiro tsa propulsion. Ditlamorago tse di bosula tsa molelo di akaretsa, go leswafatsa metsi, go senya mmu, go leswafatsa loapi le kotsi mo matshelo a batho.[3]
Contents
- 1 Ditebego
- 2 Boitsaanape jwa molelo
- 3 Mekwalo e e beilweng ya ditswa mmung
- 4 Taolo ya batho
- 5 Tshireletso le Thibelo
- 6 Paakanyo
- 7 O ka tsibogela
- 8 ditshwantsho tsa tlaleletso
- 9 Tse di latelang ke tse di dirisitsweng go batla kitso e e kwadilweng fa
- 10 tshekatsheko ya bakwadi
Ditebego[baakanya | edit source]
Maranyane[baakanya | edit source]
Molelo o simolola fa selo se se thothetsang molelo, se kopane le selekanyo se se siameng sa gase ya oxygen kana sengwe se se na le oxygen, se le gaufi le motswedi wa mogote kana mogote o le kwa godimo ga flash point gore leokwane le ka kopangwa, gape gore e kgona go tshegetsa, selekanyo sa bonako jwa oxidation, e ntshang a tlhakatlhakanyo. This is commonly called the fire tetrahedron. Fire cannot exist without all of these elements in place and in the right proportions. For example, a flammable liquid will start burning only if the fuel and oxygen are in the right proportions. Some fuel-oxygen mixes may require a catalyst, a substance that is not directly involved in any chemical reaction during combustion, but which enables the reactants to combust more readily.
Fa o simolola go tuka, thathakanyo ya di gase e tshwanetse go diragala, mo eleng gore molelo o kgona go tshegetsa mogote wa one, ka go ntsha nonofo ya mogote mo tiragalong ya combustion le go propagate, fela fa go nale neelano ya gase le leokwane.
Molelo o ka timiwa ka go ntsha ditsetlana dingwe tse di bakang molelo. Sekaseka gase ya tholego jaaka go tswa mo letshegong la boapeelo. Molelo o ka timiwa ka tse di latelang:
- • fa o tima motswedi wa gase, mo go ntsha motswedi wa leokwane.
- Fa o kgorumetsa motuka gotlhelele, mo go fokotsa bogale jwa motuka, ka gonne combustion e dirisa gase ya oygen e e mo phefong le go e ntsha, lefelong le le gaufi le motuka o o nale CO2.
- Go tshela metsi mo molelo go fokotsa mogote o o mo teng ka bonako go na le o molelo o ka o dirang( fa o budulela mowa mo molelong go ka fokotsa mogote, wa digase tse di shang go tswa mo leokwaneng go tshwana le ntlha e e fa godimo) kana
- Go tshela sedirisiwa se se timang molelo jaaka Halon mo motukeng, se se kganelang thakathakanyo ya di gase, go fithelela selekanyo sa combation se nna bonya go babalela mola wa thakathakanyo.
Molelo o ka okediwa ka go oketsaselekanyo sa combustion Mekgwa ya go dira se ke go lekalekanyo leokwane le di gase tse thokegang tsa selekanyo se se rileng, go oketsa leokwane le gase mo bokopanyong jwa selekanyo se, go oketsa mogote, gore mogote wa molelo o kgone go tshegetsa go tuka ga molelo kana go tsenya sethothetsi; sethothedi se se dirisiwang gore leokwane le digase di thakathakane ka pela.
Motuka[baakanya | edit source]
Motuka ke tlhakatlhakano ya digase le dilo tse di tswang mo teng, infrared, nako tse dingwe lesedi le le bonako, selekanyo sa lefelo le le ikaegileng ka ditebego tsa dilo tse dishang le tsibogo e e bonako. Mo nako tse dintsi, jaaka go sha ga dilo tsa tholego jaaka, dikgong, kana go sha mo go sa felelang ga gase, incadescent solid particles tse di bidiwang soot di ntsha o o tshwanang motuka o o phatsimang o o lephutshi. Lesedi le na le lefelo le le tsweletseng. Go sha mo go feletseng ga gase, go na le motuka wa mmala o motala, ka lobaka la go ntshiwa ga radiation ya bophara bo le bongwe go tswa mo phudugong ya electron mo di molecule tse di dirilweng ke motuka. Nako tse dinsi, go dirisiwa gase ya oxygen, mme Hydrogen e e tukang mo chloride le yone e ntsha motuka, mo go dirang gase ya Hydrogen Chloride(HCl). Thakanyo e engwe e e kgonang go ntsha motuka, mo go tse dintsi ke Fluorine le hydrogen le hydrazine le nitrogen tetroxide.
Go phatsima ga motuka go thakathakane. Mogote wa mmele wa radiation o ntshiwa mo gaseng ya soot, le dikarolo tsa leokwane, le fa go ntse jaalo dikarolo tsa soot di le dinnye thata go itshola jaaka mmele e mentsho e e siameng. Gape go ntshiwa photon, e ntshiwa ke di atoms le molecules tse di seng mathagathaga mo di gaseng Bontsi jwa mogote wa radiation o ntshiwa mo dilong tse bonalan. Mmala o ikaegile mo mogoteng wa mmele o montsho wa radiation, le kago ya boranyane gore go ntshiwa go kgonagale Mmala o tlwaelesegile mo motukeng o fetoga le mogote. Sekai se se siameng ke setshwantsho sa molelo wa naga. Fa go tuka mo gontsi go diragalang teng mo lefatshe, molelo o mosweu, mmala wa fa gole mogote thata wa dilo tsa tholego ke lephutshi. Fa godimo ga lefelo le lephutshi, mmala o fetogelosa mo bosetheng, se se raya gore ga go mogote thata, morago ga mmala o ke bohibidu, fa go seng mogote. Fa godimo ga mmala o mohibidu, go tuka ga go sa thole go diragala, gape dikarolo tse di sa tukang kgotsa di sa sha, ka tebego di dintsho.
Komponi ya NASA ya ko Amerika e lemogile gore gravity e tsaya karolo mo tiragalong ya motuka. Fa go nonofo ev e gogelang kwa godimo e fetolwa, se se ka baka mefuta e e farologaneng ya metuka[4] Kabakanyo ya metuka ka fa tlase ga diemo tsa gravity, di ikaegile ka go sutla ga dikarolwana mo metsing, jaaka soot e nna e gola go feta motuka o o tlwaelesegileng., jaaka mo kereseng mo diemong tse di tlwaelesegileng tsa go tsholetsega ga mmele, di dira gore o nne lephutshi. Fa go senang gravity, jaaka mo mafelong ka tikologong tse di mo lefaufaung, convection ca e sa thole e diragala, le mothuka o thuka ka go dikologa, le go rata go nna motala le bokgoni( lefa o ka kgona go tima fa o sa tshwarwe sentle, le gore CO2 go tswana mo go tukeng, ga e kabakangwe sentle fa go senang gravity, mme se se ka tima motuka). Go na le dithaloso tse di ntsi tsa di pharologanyo tse, mo e leng gore go ka kgonagaa gore mogote o kabakangwe ka go lekalekana, gore soot e seka ya dirwa le go tuka mo go feletseng go dirgala.[5] Diteko tse di dirilweng ke NASA di supa gore metuka e e thakanang fa go senang gravity, e letelela gore soot e le ntsi e thakane le digase morago e bo e dira thakanyo ya metuka mo lefatsheng, ka ntateng ya maitsholo a farologaneng a ditshidi fa go senang grafity, fa go tshwanthsangwa le fa go na le diemo tsa gravity e e tlwaelesegileng.[6] Ditemogo tse di ne tsa dirisiwa mo boranyane, le mo madirelong thatathata tiriso ya leokwane.
Mo diegeneng tse di tukang, go na le dikgatlo tse dintsi tse di tsewang go tima motuka. Mekgwa e e ikaegile mefuta ya leokwane, jaaka mafura, dikgong, leokwane le le nale nonofo e ntsi jaaka leokwane la difofane.
Mogote[baakanya | edit source]
Molelo o ntsha mogote, kana ke mokgwa wa go fudusa nonofo go tswa mo mmeleng mongwe ka lobaka la go amana le taolo ya mogote.
Megote e e etsegeng ya molelo le metuka[baakanya | edit source]
- Motuka wa gase e e hemiwang le gase ya nonofo.
- Motuka wa sedirisiwa sa madirelo a maranyane.
- • Motuka wa sedirisiwa se se tsenyang kgatelelo e potlana[7]
- Motuka wa kerese
- Go goga motsoko
- o Mogote o o sa tshwantshiwing: lethakore le le tshubilweng 585 °C (1,100 °F)
- Mogote wa go tshwantshiwa: bogare jwa fa go tshubuilweng: 700 °C (1,300 °F)
- Go nna go le mogote thata fagare.
Mogote wa metuka ka ditebego.[baakanya | edit source]
Mogote wa metuka e e na le dikarolo tsa carbon di ntsha lesedi, di ka lemogwa ka mmala wa tsone.[8]
- Bohibidu
- -O bonala 525 °C (980 °F)
- o sa bonale: 700 °C (1,300 °F)
- mmala o o sa bonaleng wa leungo: 800 °C (1,500 °F)
- mmala o o bonalang sentle wa leungo: 900 °C (1,700 °F)
- mmala wa leungo o o bonala sentle: 1,000 °C (1,800 °F)
- mmala wa namune
- Boteng: 1,100 °C (2,000 °F)
- bonala: 1,200 °C (2,200 °F)
- Bosweu
- Bosweu: 1,300 °C (2,400 °F)
- phatsima: 1,400 °C (2,600 °F)
- galalela: 1,500 °C (2,700 °F)
Boitsaanape jwa molelo[baakanya | edit source]
Naga e ngwe le ngwe ya tholego e na le molelo wa yone, gape ditshidi mo nageng ya teng di ikaegile ka one molelo o. Molelo o dira mafelo a bodulo,lengwe le lengwe e le fa seemong se se rileng.[9] Mefuta ya dithare, diphologolo le ditshidinyana di na le bokgoni jwa go dirisang seemo sengwe, gape fa o ntse o dira o ne mafelo a, molelo o letelela mefuta e mentsi go nna mo lefelong leo.
Mekwalo e e beilweng ya ditswa mmung[baakanya | edit source]
Taolo ya batho[baakanya | edit source]
Go laola molelo e ne e le phetogo e e neng e diragala mo matshelo a batho ba bogologolo. Go gotsa molelo, go dira mogote le lesedi, mo go ne go dira gore batho ba kgone go apaya dijo, go oketsa mefuta le go nna teng ga dikotla. Mogote o o neng o dirwa o ne o thuthafatsa batho ka mariga, o dira gore ba kgone go tshela mo fa go le tshididi. Molelo gape o ne o kgoba dibatlana. Bosupi jwa dijo tse di apeilweng, di ne tsa bonwa go tswa mo dingwageng tse didikadike tse di fetileng, le fa molelo o ne o sa dirisiwe ka mokgwa o o rileng go fithelela ka dingwaga tse 400,00 tse di fitileng. [10] Bosupi bo bo ne jwa anama ka dingwaga tse masome mathano go ya ko lekgolo tse di fitileng, go supa gore tiriso e ntsi nako le nako; mo go kgathisang, ka nako e lengwefela go leswafatsa phefo le gone ga simolola go anama, ka dipalo tse dintsi.[10] Tiriso ya molelo e ne ya simolola go nna mafathatha, o ne wa dirisiwa go dira magala le go laola ditshidi tsa naga dingwaga tse makgole a lesome a a fetileng.[10]
Molelo gape o ne dirisiwa mo dingwageng tse difitileng go bogisa le go athola, e le go fisa motho a tshela le didirisiwa tsa pogiso jaaka sethako sa tshipi, se se neng se tlatswa ka metsi, mafura kana se fisiwa ka molelo gore motho a bogisege.
ka nako ya diphetogo go tswa mo tsomeng go ya ko jwaleng dijalo, batho fatshe ka bophara ba ne ba dirisa molelo jaaka sedirisiwa sa go babalela lefatshe. melelo e ne laolwa ka go fisamlelo e e tsididi fa go tshwantshangwa le melelo e bogale e e senyang mmu. Melelo e e bogale e senyaka dijwalo le diphologolo gape e tsenya batho mo kotsing. Se ke mathata a matona mo nageng tsa gompieno fa go fisa melelo ya setso is thibelwa go rotloetsa kgolo ya dithare tse di dirang dilo tsa kago. Melelo e e seng bogale e diriwa thata ka paka ya dithobologo le thobo. go supa fa go tshubiwa ka nonofo ya ditshidi tse di suleng e sa gole sentle, se seka simolodisa melelo e e bogale. go na le mefuta e mentsi ya tikologo, e rotloetsang entsifalo ya diphologolo le ditlhare. Batho bo ne ba dira gore dinaga tse dikgothaganeng di atloge.
Go na le dipalo tse di ntsi tsa tiriso ya molelo. Fa o ka akanya sentle molelo o dirisiwa ke mongwe le mongwe mo lefatsheng ka tsela e e laolesegang. Badirisi ba dipalamo tse di dirisa molelo, ba ditisa molelo nako le nako ba kgweetsa. Madirelo a nonofo ya motlakase e kabakanya palo e ntsi ya motlakane mo bathong.
Tiriso ya molelo mo dintlweng e sale e nna ditso. Molelo o ne o dirisiwa mo didirisiwa tsa ntwa. Hormer o ne a bua ka tiriso ya molelo ga baeteledipele ba ba gerika ba ba neng ba iphithile mo pitseng ya dikgong go fisa Troy ka na ya dintwa tsa trojan. Moragonya ba Byzantine ba ne ba dirisa molelo wa bagerika go thasela dikepe le banna, Ka nako ya ntwa ya ntlha ya lefatshe, batho ba ntlha ba ba ne ba tika melelo e ne e le dithopha tsa ntwa, gape go dikoloi tsa ntwa dine di agegile sentle. mo dintweng tse di neng tsa tla morago, dibetsa tsa ganyaolo di ne di dirisiwa ke Axis le Allies go tshwana, thatathata ko Tokyo, Rotterdam,lontone, Hamburg le Dresden, mo tiragalong tse pedi tse, ntwa ya melelo e ne simolodisiwa ka bomo e mo one molelo o ne o dikologa toropo, o ne wa gogelwa mo teng . Masole a difofane a Amerika le one a dirisa dibetsa tse kgathanong le Japane ka nako ya bone ya ntwa, mme se sa senyaka matlo a ne a agilwe ka dikgong le di pampiri. Tiriso ya leokwane e ne ya simolola ka kgwedi ya Phukwi ka ngwaga wa 1944, ko bofelo jwa ntwa ya bobedi, ntswa tiriso ya lone ga e a ka kgathegelwa ke sechba go fithelela ntwa ya Vietnam. Sebetsa sa kganyaqolo se se dirilweng ka leokwane le yone e ne e dirisiwa.
Tiriso jaaka leokwane[baakanya | edit source]
Leokwane fa le tshubiwa le ntshang nonofo e e bothokwa Dikgong ke kgale di dirisiwa jaaka leokwane, le gompieno di a dirisiwa. Tiriso ya leokwane le tswang mo mmung jaaka petroleum, gase ya tholego le magala, mo madirelong a maokwane a kabakanya bontsi jwa motlakase lefatshe ka bophara mo bo gompienong; sethopa sa nonofo ya mafatshe e buile gore selekanyo se se masome a boferabobedi a motlakase a tswa mo metsweding e. [12] molelo mo madirelong a motlakase o dirisiwa go thuthafatsa metsi, go dira mosi o o dirisiwang ke mafetho. Mafetho a a tlaabo a dikolosa generatara ya motlakase go dira motlakase. Molelo o dirisiwa gape go dira ditiro, mo di engineng.
Dilo tse di salang morago ga go sha di bidiwa masalela kana molora, fa go lora go yone go le kwa tlase ga mogote wa motuka, go e kopane le go omelela jaaka e tshidifala, lefa go lora ga molora go le fa godimo ga mogote wa motuka.
Tshireletso le Thibelo[baakanya | edit source]
Mananeo a thibelo ya melelo ya naga lefatshe ka bophara, e ka dira gore go dirisiwe di tsela tsa go thibela jaakago dirisa lefelo la tholego le melelo e e laolesegang. [13][14][15] Go dirisa lefelo la naga la molelo go tewa molelo mongwe le mongwe o o bakilweng ke dilo tsa tholego, tse dilaqolesegang mmele di letelelwa go sha. Melelo e e laolwang ke meloelo e simolotsweng ke makalana a goromente, ko tlase ga diemo tsa loapi tse di seng kotsi.[16]
Makalana a a lwantshang melelo a teng mo mafelo a a tthabologileng go tioma le laola melelo e e sa laolesegeng Batima melelo ba ba ithuthuntshitsweng ba dirisa di dirisiwa tsa go tima molelo, dirisiwa tsa metsi jaaka polokelo ya metsi le dilo tse di timang molelo kana ba ka dirisa dilo dingwe ba lebeletse gore molelo o bakilwe ke enng.
Thibelo ya molelo e diretswe go fokotsa metswedi e e thothetsang molelo. Thibelo ya melelo e akaretsa go ruta batho gore ba ka emisa go simolola molelo jaang.[17] Mo dikago tse ditona thata dikole, thuthuntsho ya melelo e a diriwa go ruta botho gore ba ka itsaya jaang mo di kagong tse dishang. Go simolola molelo kana bomo ke molato ka fa tlase ga melawana mengwe.
Dikago tsa maemo a ntlha di thoka di dirisiwa tsa thibelo ya molelo le thibelo e e mathagathaga go fokotsa tsenyo e e ka bakwang ke molelo. Mofuta mongwe wa thebelo ya molelo ke mafelo a gasa metsi. Go oketsa thibelo ya melelo mo dikagong, di dirisiwa tsa kago le dilwana tsa ntlo mo mafatsheng aa thabologileng di a sekwasekwa go bona gore a ga di tshabelelwe ke molelo. kago ya didirisiwa tsa ntlo, go betla le dipolaseteke tse di dirisiwang mo dipalamong le mo ditirong tse dingwe di lekilwe.
Fa thibelo le tshireletso ya molelo e padiler, makalana a madi a tsa melelo ba ka thusa ka madi.
Paakanyo[baakanya | edit source]
Go na le mefuta le ditsela tse di farologaneng tse di dirisiwang , go ya mefuta wa molelo kaq na tshenyo ya molelo. Tsenyo ya molelo e ka dirwa ke dithopha tsa taolo ya dilwana, batho ba ba babalelang dikago, kana beng ba metse ka bo bone; mme fela go bitsa maitsaanape wa paakanyo ya tshenyo ya melelo, go thophilewe e le tsela e e siameng gape e babalesegile go baakanya dilwana tse sentsweng ke molelo. Bontsi jwa bone ba balwa kwa tlase ga paakanyo ya tshenyo ya metsi le molelo, gape ba ka kgona go thusa go paakanya ka bonako, ba baakanyetsa beng ba motse kana makalana a matona.[18]
Dikomponi tse di baakanyang ditshenyo tsa metsi le molelo di laolwa ke maphata a baji ba reki. Ko Calafonia, dipaakanyo tsotlhe tsa meklelo le metsi di kwadisitswe kwa tlase ga lekalana la ditumalano tsa go dira ka go bereka. [19] Mo bogompienong, lekalana le ga lena dithopha tsa paakanyo ya ditshenyo tsa metsi kana molelo. Mme ntswa lekalana le le batla setlankana e le sesupo gore ba letelelwe go paakanya ditshenyo tsa metsi le molelo.[20]
O ka tsibogela[baakanya | edit source]
Template:Portal Template:Div col
- Áed (leina le le leilweng)
- molelo o o na le mmala
- Go sha
- Go tshuba moswi
- Go tuka mo go rotloetswang ke mogote wa letsatsi
- Molelo (Tsetlana ya maemo)
- Tshekatsheko ya molelo
- kelothoko ya molelo
- Molete wa molelo
- molelo wa phefo
- kobamelo ya molelo
- Teko ya motuka
- Tsela ya botshelo e es sireletsegileng
- Maina a melelo a ditso
- maina a motswedi wa lesedi
- Boitsaanape jwa go tshuba
- Sedirisiwa se sesupa motuka wa melelo e metona e e laolesegang
- lefoko la segerika le le rayang molelo
- Go bola ga dilo tse suleng ka mogote mongwe o o rileng.
- Mokgwa o sa laolesegeng wa go simolola molelo
- Mosi
- Letunya mosi
ditshwantsho tsa tlaleletso[baakanya | edit source]
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
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-
-
-
Setshwantsho:tshimololo ya motuka e e bonya.
Tse di latelang ke tse di dirisitsweng go batla kitso e e kwadilweng fa[baakanya | edit source]
- ↑ Template:Cite document
- ↑ Helmenstine, Anne Marie. "What is the State of Matter of Fire or Flame? Is it a Liquid, Solid, or Gas?". About.com. http://chemistry.about.com/od/chemistryfaqs/f/firechemistry.htm. Retrieved 2009-01-21
- ↑ Lentile, et al. , 319
- ↑ Spiral flames in microgravity, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 2000.
- ↑ CFM-1 experiment resultsTemplate:Dead link, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, April 2005.
- ↑ LSP-1 experiment resultsTemplate:Dead link, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, April 2005.
- ↑ "Pyropen Cordless Soldering Irons" (PDF). http://www.cooperhandtools.com/europe/sales_literature/documents/WellerPyropen_GB.pdf.
- ↑ "A Book of Steam for Engineers", The Stirling Company, 1905
- ↑ Begon, M., J.L. Harper and C.R. Townsend. 1996. Ecology: individuals, populations, and communities , Third Edition. Blackwell Science Ltd., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Template:Cite doi
- ↑ [56]
- ↑ ""Share of Total Primary Energy Supply", 2002; International Energy Agency". http://www.iea.org/statlist/index.htm.Template:Dead link
- ↑ Federal Fire and Aviation Operations Action Plan , 4.
- ↑ Template:Vancite web
- ↑ Template:Vancite journal
- ↑ Template:Vancite web
- ↑ Fire & Life Safety EducationTemplate:Dead link, Manitoba Office of the Fire Commissioner
- ↑ Begal, Bill (August 23, 2007). "Restoration With a Capital E-P-A: A Case Study". Restoration & Remediation. http://www.randrmagonline.com/CDA/Archives/BNP_GUID_9-5-2006_A_10000000000000156172. Retrieved 2008-04-11.
- ↑ "California Contractors State License Board". State of California. http://www.cslb.ca.gov/. Retrieved 2010-08-29.
- ↑ "What You Should Know About Your Water Damage Or Mold Removal Company:". Rapco West Environmental Services, Inc.. http://www.rapcowest.com/water.html. Retrieved 2010-08-29.
tshekatsheko ya bakwadi[baakanya | edit source]
- Template:Cite document Template:Dead link
- Haung, Kai. 2009. Palo ya batho le dikago tsa dintlha tsa amang palo ya melelo ya bonno jwa batho mo ditoropong tse ditona tsa Amerika. Tshekatsheko e e dirilwe . ko mmadikole wa Texas TXstate.edu
- Template:Vancite journal
- Kosman, Admiel: Molelo o rileng. In: Thu, Ferikgong 13, 2011.
==Dikgoge tsa kwa ntle ==
- Molelo o bereka jang at Dilo di bereka jang
- Molelo ke eng? go tswa ka thamalalo
- {0mo molelong,Adobe Flash-go tswa mo ithuthuntshong ya maranyane koNOVA (TV series)
- melelo ya batho ba ntlha BBC mekwalo ka bo itemogelo jwa baitsaanape.
- Motuka mo lefaufaungTemplate:Dead link
- Melelo e rileng mo lefaufaung
- moebuildingcontrol.co.uk - UK ditaelo tsa tshireletso ya melelo le botekiniki jwa molelo.
- mokgwatho wa thibelo ya molelo ya Smokey Bear
- tiriso ya molelo go ijesa monateka sedirisiwa sa motuka


text:
HIV/AIDS mo Botswana
Botswana ke lengwe la mafatshe a a wetsweng ke seru sa bolwetsi jwa leroborobo. Dipalo tsa kanamo ya mogare mo bathong ba dingwaga tse di lesome le botlhano go ya kwa go tse di masome a mane le boferabongwe ke 24.1% e leng ngwe ya dipalo tse di kwa godimo mo Aforika. Tlhakanelo dikobo e diragalang magare ga batho ba bong jo bo sa tshwaneng ke ngwe ya dilo tse di oketsang kanamo ya mogare. Banana ba basetsana ba mo diphatseng tsa go ka tsenwa ke mogare go feta batho botlhe. Young men ages 15 to 24 experience an HIV prevalence rate of 5.7 percent, while young women in the same age group experience prevalence rates of 15.3 percent. Palo ya banana ba basimane ba dingwaga tse di fagare ga lesome le botlhano go ya kwa go tse masome a mabedi le bone ke 5.7%, fa basetsana ba dingwaga tse palo ya bone e le 15.3%. Kanamo ya mogare e farologana go ya ka maranyane a a ka ga lefatshe, kanamo ya mogare e ntsi thata kwa metseng ya dintlhana, mme e nne ko tlase kwa motse o motonatona wa dikago tsa segompieno ga mmogo le kwa dikgaolong. Lophatla lwa United Nations Development Programme lo akanyetsa gore e tlare ka ngwaga wa 2010 bana ba palo e feta 20% e tlaabo e le masiela/ dikhutsana. Lolwapa lo lo katlologaneng le sechaba ba iphele matsapa a go ka tlhokomela masiela a. mogare wa HIV o nnele sekgoreletse mo ditlhabologo tsa lefatshe la Botswana di tshwana le bo itsholelo, tlhomamo ya seplotiki ga mmogo le lobaka lwa dingwaga tse motho a tshwanetse go tshela ka lone mo lefatsheng go simologa ka ngwaga o ne lefatshe le tsaya boipuso.
Ditshenyegelo tsa go tlhokomela botsog jwa ba ba amilweng ke mogare di e le magoletsa mo malwapeng. Tlatlhegelo ya madi go ka itshetsa ka o ne fa motlhokomedi a tlhokafetse ka ntlha ya mogare le yone e kwa godimo. Bontsi jwa batho ba ba berekang mo Botswana ke batho ba bagolwane ba ba setseng ba amilwe ke mogare mo ebileng bangwe ba tlogetse tiro. Go simologa ka ngwaga wa 1999 go ya kwa go 2005 Botswana o latlhegetswe ke batho ba palo e kana ka 17% ba botsogo ka ntlha ya bolwetse jwa leroborobo. Tatlhegelo e ntsi ya barutabana ka ntlha ya leroborobo o fokotsa boleng jwa thuto ga mmogo le nako e bana ba e tsayang go rutiwa. Go solofelwa fa go palo ya bana ba ba tswang mo dikolong e tla ya magoletsa ka go bob ba patikega go thusa ba ba lwalang ko lawapeng ga mmogo le go thusa ka madi. Ka ngwaga wa 2011 Lephatla la thuto la thuto le simolola go ruta ka bolwetsi jwa Segajaja.
Teach Aids le le tlhamilweng ke ba Starnford Uiversity le tla ga neelwa dikolo tsotlhe go ruta batho ba dingwaga tse borataro go ya kwa go tse masome a mabedi le bone. The TeachAIDS prevention software, developed at Stanford University, will be distributed to every primary, secondary, and tertiary educational institution in the country, reaching all learners from 6 to 24 years of age nationwide.[1]
o ka tsibogela[baakanya | edit source]
- Seru sa AIDS
- Segajaja mo Aforika
Dipadi tse dingwe[baakanya | edit source]
- ↑ "UNICEF funds TeachAIDS work in Botswana". TeachAIDS. 2 June 2010. http://teachaids.org/blog/unicef-funds-teachaids-work-in-botswana/. Retrieved 24 January 2011.


text:
Fatshe leno la rona
Fatshe leno la rona ke pina ya setšhaba ya lefatshe la Botswana. E tlhamilwe ke Rre Kgalemang T. Motsete, ya bo e amogelwa ke puso ya Botswana fa lefatshe la Botswana le sena go tsaya boipuso.
Mafoko a yone[baakanya | edit source]
- 1
- Fatshe leno la rona,
- Ke mpho ya Modimo,
- Ke boswa jwa borraetsho,
- A le nne ka kagiso.
-
- KHORASE
- Tsogang, tsogang! banna, tsogang!
- Emang, basadi, emang, tlhagafalang!
- Re kopaneleng go direla,
- Lefatshe la rona.
- 2
- Ina lentle la tumo,
- La tšhaba ya Botswana,
- Ka kutlwano le kagisano,
- E bopagantswe mmogo.
-
- KHORASE


text:
Western Cape
Western Cape ke nngwe ya diporofinsi mo Aferika Borwa.Torpo kgolo ke Cape Town.Ka ngwaga wa 1994, tkgaolo e e agang Western Cape e ne ele bontlha bongwe jo bo tona ( bo bidiwang) Cape Province. Ka maiteko a go tlisa bokopano jwa batho mo lefelong le Aferika Borwa ka ngwaga wa 1910, o ne a bidiwa Cape ColonyCape Colone.
Contents
Seemo Sa Bosa[baakanya | edit source]
Western Cape o nale seemo sa bosa se se pharologanyo le mafelo a mangwe,se se bakiwa ke ka fa lefatshe le bopegileng le bone bokgola jo bo apesang lefelo le gotswa mawatleng a mabedi a Indian (bokgola jo bo bothitho) gape le Atlantic (bokgola jo bo tsididi),ka go rialo seemo sa loapi se nna se ntse se fetoga nako le nako mo nakong e khutswane. Bontsi jwa selekanyo sa lefelo le itsege ka , mariga a a bokgolo le , selemo se se bothitho.Bogare jwa lefelo la Karoo hgo nale seemp se iketlileng le mariga a a tsididi, mme dipula tsa medupi tsone ga di a t;waelesega mo go kalo.Ka boripana fela ke gore dipula tsa dikgadima ga se tse di tlwaelesegileng mo lefelong fa e se fela kwa Karoo. Mogote le botsididi jo bo feteletseng ke tse di tlwelesegileng fela mo bogare jwa mafelo,mme se se sa tlwaelesega mo mafelong a fa lotshing la lewatle.Kapoko e tlwaelesegile fela that mo lefelong ka go apesa lefatshe, mme ga se gantsi o ka fitlhela go nale matsi a a omeletseng mo mafelo a a fa lotshing la noko le kwa go lemelwang teng[1].
Ditoropo le ditoropokgolo[baakanya | edit source]
Bontsi jwa ditoropo ke tse di agilweng sentle ka bonokopila ebile se se baka tlisa batho go tla go gweba mme morago go tlokafatse itsholelo ya lefatshe.Dipalo tse di fa tlase ke tsa ditoropo fela:
[2].
Itsholelo[baakanya | edit source]
Seekanyo sa itsholelo sa Western Cape fa go lebilwe GDP ka ngwaga wa 2008 e ne e le R268.26bn, mme se se dire gore lefelo le le nne la bobedi mo tlhabololeng itsholelo ya lefatshe la Aferika Borwa , ka selekanyo sa 14.3%. le nale itsholelo e e golang ka bofefo mme se se baya lefatshe mo maemong a a mantle go ka phadisanya le a mangwe lefatshe ka bophara,itsholelo e ne ya gola gape ka selekanyo sa 4% ka ngwaga wa 2008[10] mme ebile gape go solofetswe kooketsego ya selekanyo sa 3.2% mo ngwageng wa 2011[3].
Dipadi tse dingwe[baakanya | edit source]
Dikgoge tsa kwa ntle[baakanya | edit source]
Cape Town George,_Western_Cape Worcester,_Western_Cape Robertson,_Western_Cape [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arniston,_Western_Cape Arniston,_Western_Cape


text:
Phuthego ya Botswana Movement for Democracy
Botswana Movement for Democracy (BMD ) ke phuthego e ntsha ya sepolotiki mo Botswana. E similodisitswe ka ngwaga wa 2010 ke mapalamente gape le mapolotiki mangwe ba ba ikgaotseng go tsweng mo phuthegong e e busang ya Botswana Democratic Party ka go tlhoka kutlwisisanyo le Ian Khama, moeteledipele wa BDP gape e le tautona wa Botswana.[1] [2] E ne e le yone phuthego ya ntlha go kgaogana le BDP, e e saleng e busa Botswana a tsaya boipuso ka ngwaga wa 1966. Moeteledipele wa yone ke Gomolemo Motswaledi, yo o tlhophilweng ka Motsheganong a tlola ga bedi,ngwaga wa 2011 ka nako ya fa phuthego e simolodisiwa. Botsalo Ntuane, yo eleng mopalamente wa kgaolo ya Gaborone bophirima le borwa gape e le moeteledipele kwa palamenteng, o ne a tlhopiwa go nna mothusa tautona wa phuthego eo. Sydney Pilane, yo o ntseng a direla a le mo ofising ya ditogamano le botsalano jwa batho e sale e simolodisiwa, o ne a latlhegelwa ke tlhopho mo go tautona wa puthego ebong Motswaledi.[3]
Contents
Dikgogakgogano tsa phuthego[baakanya | edit source]
Phuthego ya BMD e simolotswe go farafarwa ke dipuo tse di ganang go fela.Se se tla morago ga gore tautona wa phuthego ebong Gomolemo Motswaledi a isiwa kgotla kgolong ya ditsheko go arabela melato ya gagwe.
dikgoge tsa kwa ntle[baakanya | edit source]
Botswana Movement for Democracy Botswana Democratic Party
Dipadi tse dingwe.[baakanya | edit source]
- ↑ New party formed in Botswana, Southern Times , 30 April 2010
- ↑ Botswana Breakaway Party Launched in Split With Khama, Bloomberg Businessweek, 29 May 2010
- ↑ The Battle for BMD,Botswana Guardian , 3 May 2011


text:
Motsana wa Moshaweng
Moshaweng ke motse yo mo kgaolong ya Kweneng e e mo Botswana. O dikhilomethara tse di masome a borataro mo bophirima jwa motse wa Molepolole. Palo ya batho ba Moshaweng e ne e le makgolo a borobabongwe,masome a bosupa le bone mo palo bathong ya ngwaga wa 2001.[1]
Contents
Borokgwe le kgotla di sela mmapa[baakanya | edit source]
Kgosi Rantsimane Banyatsi wa Moshaweng o buile a sa kgwe mathe ka go latlhega ga ngwao ya setswana.Kgosi Banyatsi o ne a bua jalo a amogela baeng kwa dikgaisanyong tsa banana tsa ngwao kwa Letlhakeng ka mafelo a beke.O ne a itebagantse le banana ba ba neng ba tsile dikgaisanyong, a re go tlhabisa ditlhong go bo ba basetsana ba apere marokgwe ntswa ba ne ba itse gore dikgaisanyo tseo di tshwaretswe mo kgotleng.O ne a bolelela banana gore ka ngwao ya Setswana, mosadi ga a letlelelwe go tsena mo kgotleng a apere borokgwe, mme e bile le rre o tshwanetse a role hutshe fa a tsena ka lekgotla.Kgosi Banyatsi a re seo ke tlotlo e bile ke tlholego ya kgotla, ka jalo a re go kgalemelwe fela thata gore go tle go nne le pharologano.Mo dikgaisanyong tseo, banana ba Moshaweng ba nnile bommampodi.Ya bo e le semphete ke go fete mo kgotleng ya Letlhakeng banana ba kgaolo ba kopane go gaisana, mme ba Moshaweng ba ikgapela sekgele mo dikhwaereng ga mmogo le bodiragatsi fa sekgele sa mmino sone se tserwe ke banana ba Mantshwabisi Dikgaisanyo tse, ke maiteko a ga tautona a go ntsha banana mo ditseleng tse di makgaphila, le go ba rotloetsa go dirisa dineo tsa bone go itshetsa.
E rile a tswa la gagwe, modiri mo lephateng la bodiragatsi le ngwao, Rre Bopelo Gaothusi a bolela fa banana ka bontsi, bogolo jang ba ba sa direng, ba inaakantse le diritibatsi, nnotagi, le go senya, mme ka jalo Tautona o ne a bona go tshwanela gore go nne le sengwe se ba ka intshang boduto ka sone. Rre Gaothusi a re bodiragatsi le mmino ke go naya banana sebaka sa go itumela, go ipela le go abelana botsipa le boitsaanape jwa neo ya Modimo.O ne a ba kgothatsa gore ba tsee boikarabelo mme ba dire ka natla, a re ka madi a ba a boneng ba tshwanetse ba dire sengwe sa itshetso, gona le go jela mo ganong.Le fa go ntse jalo, kgosi o ne a lebogela thulaganyo ya ga tautona a tlatsa a re mogolo o ne a bolela a re tshaba e senang ngwao e latlhegile ka jalo a re tautona o buseletsa ngwao gore Batswana ba seka ba latlhega. E rile a itibaganya le magosana a motse wa Letlhakeng, a bolela fa go tlhabisa ditlhong gore e re ba etetswe ba nne moriti o tsididi go iponatsa kwa kgotleng.A re ka tshwanelo, baeng ba ne ba tshwanetse ba fitlhele beng gae kwa kgotleng ga mmogo le ba dikomiti tsa tlhabololo ya motse ka bobedi, a tlatsa a re sago la moeng le bewa ke mong gae Go lebelelela dikgaisano e ne le mopalamente wa kgaolo Rre Liakat Kably, mokhanselera le dikgosi tsa motse wa Mantshwabisi, Moshaweng, Khudumelapye le Malwelwe.E rile a fa malebo mopalamente Kably o ne a kopa banana go fedisa ngwao ya dipolaano.Rre Kably a re go ategile ngwao e sa siamang ya dipolaano, a tlatsa a re ngwao ke boitshwaro le tlotlo.O ne a re bogologolo e ne e re batho ba tlhoka kwitlwisisanyo, balwe ka moretwa, e seng dithipana le ditlhobolo tsa malatsing ano.Mopalamente o kopile banana go tswa mo nnotaging a re e ruta maitsholo a makgapila a tshwana le a boganka le go tlhoka tsebe.E rile a itibaganya le ba ba sa fenyang mo dikgaisanong, Rre Kably o ne a ba kgotlhatsa gore ba seka ba ineela mme ba ikiteye sehuba go ithutuntsha go dira ka nata mo dikgaisanong tse di latelang.Kwa Kgaolong ya Letlhakeng Bophirima, setlhopa sa banana ba Tsetseng se dule ka tse di tsididi mo dikgaisanong tsa moopelo.
Boikuelo jwa banni ba Moshaweng[baakanya | edit source]
Banni ba motse wa Moshaweng mo kgaolong potlana ya Letlhakeng ba lela ka tsela ya Molepolole/Moshaweng ba re ga e a siama.Ba boleletse modulasitilo wa Khansele ya Mokwena Rre Motlhopi Leo fa ane a buisa phuthego kwa motseng oo maabane.E rile a amogela baeng, moemela kgosi ya motse wa Moshaweng Kgosi Kegobonye Maruping a ngongoregela gore tsela ya Moshaweng Molepolole e agwa e baakangwa, sebe sa phiri e nne gore ga go sepe se se bonalang morago ga e fetswa go dirwa.Kgosi Maruping a re go dirwa ga tsela eo, ga go nke go kgotsofatsa gotlhelele ka gore e tshelwa seretse se se paledisang go tsamaya fa dipula di nele, le lerole le le betang kolobe fa go fisa.A re ke ka moo go senang ope yo itlhaopelang go tsenya sepalamo sa sechaba mo tseleng e : ka e sa siama gotlhelele ,a tlatsa ka gore tsela eo e ba diela tswelelopele.Kgosi o ne a kopa gore bogolo tsela eo, e tshelwe sekontere le fa e le sekgala sa dikhilomitara tse pedi a re go ka boloka madi a dirisiwang fa go ntse gotwe e a baakangwa.Mo go tse dingwe kgosi Maruping one a kopa gore ba tseye ditlamelo golo go le go ngwefela. A re o tshwentswe thata ke gore dingwe dithuso ba di latlela kwa khanseleng ya Letlhakeng fa dingwe ba tshwanelwa ke go ya Thamaga jaaka tsa kabo ditsha .Kgosi o ne a bua a sa kgwe matlhe gore fa bagolo ba tsena koo, ba a latlhelelwa, go makgetlho mantsi ba boa fela ba sa thusiwa ka fa go tshwanetseng. O ne a kopa gape gore badiredi ba Lekgotla la kaboditsha ba atumele, go fokotsa madi a banni baa dirisang go palama.E re dikgang di eme jalo, modulasetilo wa komiti ya ditlhabololo tsa motse Mme Lebogang Manthukhwi o ne a ngongoregela gore lephata la makgotla a setswana le gana go adimana koloi ya puso le maphata a mangwe mo motseng.
O ne a bua a sa osheoshe gore ba gana le gone tota go thusa go isa leokwane kwa sedibeng sa motse, mme motse o felele o le mo lenyorengMme Manthukwi o ne a re koloi e dirisiwa ke lephata leo fela, a tlatsa a re le mapodise mo kgotleng ga ba letlelelwe go e dirisa tota.E rile a rabela matshwenyego ao, modiri mo kgotleng ya motse Mme Lechedzane Chilume a bolela fa taolo eo e tswa kwa mogolwaneng wa gagwe kwa Letlhakeng.Ba kabo ditsha bane ba solofetsa morafe gore batla atumetsa ditlamelo tsa go ba tlisetsa ditlankana tsa ditsha tsa bone, go itsa go dirisa madi a mantsi mo mosepeleng. Modulasetilo wa Khansele ya Kweneng o ne a araba ka gore go utlwisa botlhoko gore e re Taurona a ntshitse taelo gore a didirisiwa tsa puso di amoganwe, go bo go santse go na le bao ba ba di ikgagapelelang. Rre Leo o ne a re ga se gone gore koloi ya puso e nne fela, a tlatsa a re e ka amoganwa le ke maphata a mangwe fa ba batla thuso. Ka Jalo , o ne a kopa tirisanyo mmogo gore tiro ya puso e tsamae ka thelelo. Mabapi le tsela ya Moshaweng Molepolole, Rre Leo o ne a tlhalosetsa sechaba ka kwelo tlase ya itsholelo mme a ba kopa go sa fele pelo mme e tlaare seemo se boela mannong ba akanyetswe sengwe.
Dikgoge tsa kwa ntle[baakanya | edit source]
Dipadi tse dingwe[baakanya | edit source]
- ↑ "Distribution of population by sex by villages and their associated localities: 2001 population and housing census". Archived from the original on 2007-11-24. http://web.archive.org/web/20071124145459/http://www.cso.gov.bw/html/census/dist20_30_31.html. Retrieved 2008-02-09.
Template:Kweneng District Coordinates: 24°27′5″S 25°2′1″E / 24.45139°S 25.03361°E


text:
Kgosi Gorewang Kgamane
Template:Orphan Template:Unreferenced
Template:Contradict-other Gorewang Kgamane e ne e le kgosi ya Bamangwato go tsweng ngwaga wa 1925 go fitlhelela ngwaga wa 1931 fa a tlhokafala. Morago ga go latlhegelwa ke kgosi Gorewang Kgamane, bogosi bo ne jwa neelwa lelwapa la ga-abo Khama. Ntsalagwe Gorewang Kgamane, yo e leng Sediegeng Kgamane, o ne a nama e le kgosi a tshwareletse morwa Seretse Khama yo eleng Ian Khama bogosi.
O ka tsibogela[baakanya | edit source]
Maina a baeteledipele ba ba Bangwato (bamaNgwato)Template:Africa-royal-stub Template:Botswana-bio-stub


text:
Poso ya Botswana
Template:Infobox company Poso ya Botswana ke kompone ee itebagantseng le go romela dikwalo mo Botswana. Ke kompone ee laolwang ke lefatshe,tota ya puso ya Botswana, ee direlang ka fa tlase ga lephata la tsa dipuisano le maranyane.[1]
Ditso[baakanya | edit source]
Poso ya Botswana e simolotse morago ka ngwaga wa 1875,fa lekgotlana la London Missionary Society le ne le simolola go dira. Morago, bobedi jwa “batabogi” ba ne ba rwala makwalo gare ga mafelo a mabedi go tsweng Bulawayo yo a bitswang gompieno{1 } Zimbabwe, go ya Mafikeng, yo a bitswang gompieno South Africa. Morago, fa seporo se sena go agiwa, terena ya emisetsa batabogi. Ka ngwaga wa bo 1990 lephata la Dikwalo le ne la ithekela dikoloi tsa bone tse di bofefo go rwala dikwalo le ngata ya dithoto. Lephata la Poso le le simolodisitsweng ke barongwa ka lobaka lwa dingwaga tse di lekgolo le simologile mo Bechuanaland Protectorate Postal Services. Fa Botswana a tsaya boipuso ka ngwaga wa 1966, le ne la itshwaya ka lena la Lephata la Poso le megala . Mo nakong eo dithuso tse di neng di fiwa e ne e le tsa go baya madi mo bankeng.
Ka ngwaga wa 1980,Botswana Telecommunications Corporation e ne ya ikemela ka nosi. Ngwaga tse pedi moragonyana,banka ya Botswana Savings e ne ya ikemela ka nosi le yone. Labofelo Poso ya Botswana e ne ya ikemela ka nosi ka ngwaga wa 1989. Botswana Savings Bank e nale tumalano le Poso ya Botswana, go fa teseletso ya go banka madi mo makalaneng a le lekgolo le masome a mabedi a poso (120) Botswana otlhe.[2]
Bokhutlo[baakanya | edit source]
Poso ya Botswana e ntse e dira sentle mo nakong ya gompieno.Bontsi jwa batho ba dirisa kompone e go romela makwalo a bone mo mafelong aa farologanyeng.
o ka tsibogela[baakanya | edit source]
- Tiba ya makwalo le Ditso tsa Poso ya Botswana
- Banka ya Botswana Savings


text:
Phandu Skelemani
Template:Infobox MinisterPhandu Tombola Chaka Skelemani (yo o tshotsweng ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong a tlhola ga tlhona,ka ngwaga wa 1945[1]) ke lepolotiki la Botswana la phuthego e e busang ya Botswana Democratic Party (BDP), yo o direlang gompieno e le tona wa ditogamano le merero ya tsa mafatshe a sele. Ke leloko la palamente kwa kwa khudutlhamageng ya Botswana gape e le leloko la palamente yaPan-African go tsweng mo Botswana; moragonyana e ne e le , mmueledi mogolo wa lefatshe la Botswana go simololeng ka ngwaga wa 1992 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 2003.
Skelemani o tsholetswe kwa motsaneng wa Mapoka.[1] O nale stlankana sa boemo jo bo kwa godimo mo dithutong tsa molao go tsweng mmadikolong wa Botswana, Lesotho le Swaziland[1][2] gape a berekele puso dingwaga di ka nna masome a boraro,[3] fa a ne a simolola e le mosekasiki wa molao ka ngwaga wa 1973.[1][4] Mo atlolosong maemo ya gagwe o ne a nna mosekasiki wa molao yo o motona ka ngwaga wa 1975, yo o eteletseng molao pele ka ngwaga wa 1978, gape a nna mothusa mmueledi ka ngwaga wa 1980.[1] O ne a tlhapiwa go nna mmueledi ka ngwaga wa 1992;[1][4] mo nonofong eo,o ne a gakolola khudutlhamaga mme gape a tsenelela diphuthego.[1]
Fa Mme Joy Phumaphi a ithola marapo kwa palamenteng ka Phatwe ngwaga wa 2003 go nna mothusi wa moeteledipele wa World Health Organization, Skelemani le ene a ithola marapo a gagwe a go nna mmueledi [5] mme gape a ema e le motlhophiwa wa phuthego ya BDP candidate mo ditlhophong tse di neng di tshwarelelwa mo boemong jwa ga Mme Phumaphi jwa, Francistown botlhaba.[6] Mo go ikopeleng setlilolo, Skelemani o ne a supa kwa a goletseng teng , a re se se ka mo thusa go emela lefelo la gagwe sentle kwa palamenteng .[3] Skelemani o ne a fenya ditlhopho gape a tsaya setlilo sa bopalamente ka Ngwanatsele ngwaga wa 2003.[7] Ngwaga o o latlelang , ka Ngwanatsele a tlhola borobabongwe,ngwaga wa 2004,o ne a tlhophiwa kwa palamenteng go nna tona wa merero ya tsa ga tautona le setshaba.[2]
Skelemani o ne a sutlisetswa kwa maemong a go nna tona wa ditirelo tsa tshiamiso, moemedi wa molao, Sesole sa Botswana , Sepodisi, Tshenyetso setshaba gape le ya itsholelo, le tshireletso ka Ferikgong ngwga wa 2007.[8] Fa Rre Ian Khama a tsaya stlilo sa botautona ka Moranang a tlhola ga nngwe ngwaga wa 2008, o ne a baya Skelemani go nna tona wa ditogamano le merero ya mafatshe a sele .[9]
Phandu Sekelemane o rotleditse Setshaba[baakanya | edit source]
Tirisano e ntle fa gare ga mafatshe a Botswana le United Kingdom e tsiseditse mafatshe ao dipoelo tse di bonalang mo mafatsheng oomabedi.E rile fa a bua kwa moletlong wa matsalo wa dingwaga tse 85 wa ga Queen Elizabeth II mo Gaborone la Labobedi, tona ya tsa mafatshe a sele le tirisano ya mafatshe, Phandu Skelemani a re tirisano ya go nna jalo e e tswang kgakala, pele ga lefatshe la Botswana le bona boipuso, e na le maduo mo mehameng ya botsogo, kgwebo, tshireletso, thuto le go thusa setshaba ka kakaretso.Rre Skelemani a re thuso e lefatshe la Botswana le tsweletseng go e fiwa ka ntlha ya tshwaragano ya makgotla a SADC/UK le ACP/EU e tsweletse ka go solegela Batswana molemo mo mehameng ya tshwaragano mo dikgaolong, kgwebo, go lwantsha HIV le AIDS, go fedisa lehuma le go tlhabolola botshelo jwa batho.A re lefatshe la Botswana le tsweletse ka go akola dithuso tsa madi go tswa kwa go ba ofisi ya boemedi jwa lefatshe la Britain mo Botswana. Dithuso tseo ke tsa go tlhabolola matshelo a Batswana jaaka Motse wa Badiri, Somarelang Tikologo le Kgetsi ya Tsie.Rre Skelemani o ne a netefaletsa batsenelela moletlo oo, ba bontsi jwa bone e neng e le ba lefatshe la Britain gore lefatshe la Botswana le ikaeletse go tiisa tirisano le botsala fa gare ga mafatshe ao.E rile fa a ntsha la gagwe, moemedi wa lefatshe la Britain mo Botswana, Mme Jennifer Anderson o ne a supa fa a itumeletse moletlo oo, a supa gore o tiisa tirisano fa gare ga ba lelwapa la bogosi jwa Britain le mafatshe a selekane.Princess Anne, le ene o ne le teng kwa moletlong oo morago ga gore a etele Tautona Lt Gen. Seretse Khama Ian Khama pele le go baya dikgare fa ntle ga dikago tsa palamente.Dikgare tseo e ne e le segopotso sa Batswana ba ba neng ba lwela lefatshe la Britain ka nako ya ntwa ya lefatshe ya bobedi.Princess Anne o setse a kile a etela lefatshe la Botswana, gabedi. Queen Elizabeth II le ene o kile a etela lefatshe la Botswana gantsinyana, leeto gagwe la ntlha e le la ngwaga wa 1947.
O ka tsibogela[baakanya | edit source]
Dipadi tse dingwe[baakanya | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 CV Tsebe ya lephata la ditogamano le merero ya tsa mafatshe a sele.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 [7] ^ "Mogae a tlhophiwa kwa khuduthamageng - difatlhego tse di lesome tse di sha - Bomme ba le batlhano", BOPA, November 10, 2004.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Ipapatso ya Francistown botlhaba", BOPA, September 11, 2003.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Skelemani a re batho ba tlhoka go itse", BOPA, October 23, 2003.
- ↑ Richard P. Werbner, Reasonable Radicals and Citizenship in Botswana (2004), Indiana University Press, page 25.
- ↑ "Mels' candidate fails to submit nomination", BOPA, October 7, 2003.
- ↑ "Skelemanio kopa nonofo e e rileng mo DCs, dikgosi, diofisi tsa babereki", BOPA, November 19, 2003.
- ↑ "Mogae o oketsa khudutlhamaga", BOPA, January 22, 2007.
- ↑ "Khama o koba matona a lae matlhano", Mmegi Online , April 2, 2008.
Template:Foreign Ministers of Botswana
Template:Persondata[[Category:Mapolotiki a Botswana Democratic Party
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text:
Serowe
Serowe ke motse mogolo wa morafe wa Bangwato o kgosi kgolo ya bone e leng Kgosi Seretse Khama Ian Khama. Bangwe ba bagaka ba morafe o ke Rre Ratsie Setlhako, Kgosi Gorewang Kgamane, Rre Seretse khama le ba bangwe fela jalo Botswana.
Serowe o itsege thata fa ele motse mogolo mo Botswana morago ga motse mogolo wa Bakwena ebong Molepolole ebile ke one motse mogolo wa Bamangwato. Serowe o itsege thata ka ele one motse yoo bontsi jwa botautona ba Botswana ba tswang teng.
Contents
Ditso[baakanya | edit source]
Serowe o ntse o gakologelwa Khama III,kgosi ya Bamangwatobatho ba bogologolo ka ngwagakgolo lesome le boferabongwe le masome mabedi.Ka ngwaga wa 1903 o ne a thomiwa fa e le motse mogolo Serowe, Bamangwato.New International Encyclopedia.Gape ke lefelo la matsalo la ga Seretse Khama,motswana wa ntlha President,le setso sa morafe wa letso la Bamangwato.
Sekolo sa Swaneng Hill e ne e le dingwe tsa dikolo tsa ntlha mo Serowe tsa Brigades Movement dikolo di simolotswe ke morutegi Patrick van Rensburg.
Lefelo[baakanya | edit source]
Serowe o bonwa mo lefelong le le siametseng temo thuo, lefelo le le tshwarang metsi mo Botswana Central District gape ke lefelo la kgwebo le thekiso. O bonwa mo bophirima jwa tsela ya Gaborone–Francistown kwa go leng motlhofo teng go ka o bona.Gape le supa tshimologo ya tsela ya Serowe-Orapa ee felelang ko meepong ya teemane ya Orapa.Tshimologo ya tsela e e simologile ka ngwaga wa 1986, mme e ne ya fetswa dingwaganyana morago.
Swaneng hill o kgaogantswe ka dintha di le tharo tse di bidiwang Pa-Swaneng, Ma-Swaneng and Ba-Swaneng:Rre Mme le Ngwana ka go latelana.
Dikago[baakanya | edit source]
E sale ka ngwaga wa 2000, Serowe o nnile le dithabololo di le mmalwa,mme o tswelela ka go gola ka seemo se nametsang ntswa kgolo ya mabapi nae Palapye. Sekolo se se golwane sa Swaneng se se itsegeng ka leina la, Swaneng hill,se ne gape sa thatosiwa maemo ke puso ya Botswana ka kompone ya tsa kago ya batho ba letso la chaina.Gompieno e na le felo la thathobelo ditsompelo tsa segompieno tsa maranyane,le fa go ntse jalo ba thoka ditsompelo tsa kitso ee tseneletseng.Ka jalo ba nnile le kgatlhego mo maranyaneng,mme se se bakile gore ba romele bana ba ba nang le bokgoni ko ntle ga lefatshe.Go maleba go umaka fa ba na le kitso ya lephata la ditso ee kwa godimo ee isang bana go tsaya maeto a go ya difikantsweng go dikologa lefatshe.Dingangisanyo di rotoediwa thata, mme se se baka ditshimega di le mmalwa tsa lefatshe.


text:
Motsana wa Ngarange
Ngarange ke motsana yo o mo kgaolong ya bokone bophirima jwa Botswana. Motse o o fitlhelwa gaotshwane le noka ya Okavango, e e gaotshwane le molelwane wa Namibia. Mo palong batho ya ngwaga wa 2001 dipalo di ne dile makgolo a borobabongwe le masome a mane le borobobedi.
Contents
Ba Ngarange ba amogilwe dikarata tsa Omang[baakanya | edit source]
Puso e kopilwe go itlhaganelela go rarabolola kgang ya batho bangwe ba motse wa Ngarange mo Okavango ba ba amogilweng boagedi ka dipelaelo tsa gore ke batswakwa.Kopo eo e tsile ka mogokgo wa sekole se se botlana sa Ngarange, rre Stephen Lucas, mo phuthegong ya kgotla e buisiwa ke mopalamente wa Okavango rre Vister Moruti kwa Xaudumo.Rre Lucas a re e ne ya re ka 2004, ba lephata la mesepele go tswa Gumare ba amoga batho bangwe ba motse wa Ngarange dikarata tsa Omang ba bo ba ba busetsa kwa lefatsheng la Namibia kwa go dumelwang ba tlholega teng.A re e ne ya re morago ga malatsinyana batho bao ba bontsi jwa bone e leng ba letso la Sesarwa ba boela mo Botswana kwa motseng wa Ngarange.A re fa e sa le yone nako eo, batho bao ba na le mathata ka gore ga ba kgone go bona dithuso tsa puso ka go tsewa gore ke batswakwa.Mogokgo a re bana ba batsadi bao ba rontshitswe tshwanelo ya thuto ka ba sa letlelelwe go boela mo sekoleng.Rre Lucas a re kgang eo e a tshwenya ka gore mo tshimologong ya ngwaga le ngwaga, batsadi ba bana bao ba ya kwa sekoleng go leka go kwadisa bana ntswa go sa kgonagale.A re se se hutsafatsang ke gore bana bao ba sasankega mo motseng fa bangwe ba bone ba setse ba na le bana.O kopile puso go itlhaganelela go thusa batho bao gore fa e le gore go ka twe ke batswakwa, ba busediwe ga bone kgotsa ba neelwe boagedi jwa lefatshe leno.E ne ya re a tsibogela seo, rre Moruti a bolela fa kgang eo e setse e le kwa go tona yo o lebanyeng, legale o solofeditse go e sala morago ka e tshwenya.
Khansele e tlisa dithabololo[baakanya | edit source]
Mothusa modulasetilo wa kgaolo ya bokone bophirima, Rre Lathang Molonda, o akgoletse ba ofisi ya kanamiso ya dithoto kwa kgaolong eo go tsenyetsa malwapa a batlhoki a le mabedi dipompo tsa metsi kwa Maun.O ne a bolela gore go dira jalo go supa gore khansele ya bokone bophirima e tlhokometse batho, e tlhabolola matshelo a batho ba yone e bile e isa ditirelo kwa setshabeng. Rre Molonda o ne a bua jalo kwa moletlong wa go abela bana ba malwapa ao, ba e leng masiela kwa kgotleng ya Boseja/Kubung kwa Maun ka Laboraro. O ne a tswelela ka go kopa maphata a mangwe go dira jaaka bone, go fa batlhoki dithuso tse ba ka di kgonang gore ba ba ntshe mo lehumeng.Modulasetilo wa komiti ya go isa dithuso kwa bathong, Rre Gaotwesepe Barwatlhapi, o ne a re ba simolotse dithuso tseo mo ngwageng o o fetileng.O ne a bolela gore madi a ba neng ba reka ka one, a ne kgobokanngwa ka go koleka 50 thebe ka letsatsi, fa a kopanngwa otlhe e nna P120.
Rre Barwatlhapi o ne a bolela gore go fa dithuso ke bontlhabongwe jwa go araba boikuelo jwa ga Tautona Khama jwa gore batlhoki ba thusiwe, a bolela le gore ba tlaa oketsa palo ya dipompo mo ngwageng e e tlang go nna nne. Mogolwane wa kanamiso dithoto wa kgaolo ya bokone bophirima, Rre Gaokaelwe Mpho, yo le ene a thusitseng thata ka mogopolo wa go thusa masiela, le ene ka nosi e le lesiela, o ne a tlhalosa ka botlhoko jwa go nna lesiela, bogolo jang fa go se na mogolo yo o go thusang go lebagana le dikgwetlho. O ne a tlhalosa gore ba ne ba tlhopha malwapa a batlhoki ka khupelekhupele, ba thusiwa ke ba ofisi ya boipelego go leba ba seemo sa bone.Mokhanselara wa kgotla ya Boseja/Kubung, Rre Vepaune Moreti, o ne a bolela gore go lebega lenaneo la ga Tautona la go thusa batlhoki le tsweletse sentle e bile le tlaa nna le maduo a a bonalang. [edit] Dikgoge tsa kwa ntle.
Dikgoge tsa kwa ntle[baakanya | edit source]
Dipadi tse dingwe.[baakanya | edit source]
Coordinates: 18°23′46″S 22°00′18″E / 18.39611°S 22.00500°E


text:
Seretse Khama
Sir Seretse Khama (July 1, 1921 – July 13, 1980) ke ene tautona wa ntlha wa lefatshe la Botswana. O gakologelwa lefatshe ka bophara ka go tlisa kgotso le thokgamo mo Botswana.
Botshelo go tswa bonnyeng le Thutego[baakanya | edit source]
Rre Seretse o tshotswe ko Serowe, mo Bechuanaland Protectorate e le ngwana-wa-ngwana wa ga Kgosi Khama III (wa boraro) wa morafe wa Bangwato. O biditswe Seretse go lebeletswe gore seretse fa se tlhakane le metsi, se a kopana ka jalo go ka twe ke mokopanya setshaba. Rre Seretse o ile a nna kgosi ya Bangwato ka ngwaga wa 1925, a le dingwaga tse nne fela, morago ga loso lwa ga rraagwe, mme Rre Tshekedi Khama o ne a mo tshwarelela bogosi gore a gole pele.
O ne a tsena dikolo tse dikgolwane kwa Aferika Borwa, mme morago a ya go tsena kwa Fort Hare University College, gone kwa Aferika Borwa. O ne a dira ngwaga o le mongwe kwa Balliol College, Oxford, kwa ga Mmamosadinyana, mme morago a ithutela tsa molao kwa Inner Temple kwa Lontone.
Nyalo le go lelekwa[baakanya | edit source]
Ka Seetebosigo sa ngwaga wa 1947, Rre Seretse Khama o ne a kopana le Mme Ruth Williams, mme wa lekgoa mo Lontone. Morago ga ngwaga ba ne ba nyalana. Lenyalo le la motho yo montsho le yo mosweu, le ne la seka la amogelwa ke Puso ya Tlhaolele(Aparateiti) kwa Aferika Borwa ga mmogo le bagolwane ba Ga MmaNgwato. E ne yare Tshekedi a utlwa, a batla gore Rre Seretse a busediwe kwa gae mme ebile nyalo eo e fedisiwe. Go boeng ga gagwe, Rre Seretse o ne a buisa diphuthego, mme morago a tlogelwa go nna Kgosi. Setšhaba le sone sa simolola go amogela Mme Ruth Williams Khama, mohumagadi wa gagwe. Rre Tshekedi ene o ne a tlogela Bechuanaland Protectorate, ka a ne a sa dumalane, mme Rre Seretse a boela Lontone go feleletsa dithuto tsa gagwe.
Mafatshe a sele one a ne a sa itumelela lenyalo le, bogolo jang la Aferika Borwa le le neng le tlhaola batho ka letso la mmala. Mme ka Bechuanaland Protectorate e ne ele ka fa tlase ga puso ya ga MmaMosadinyana, goromente wa Aferika Borwa a laolela wa ga MmaMosadinyana gore Rre Seretse a ntshiwe mo bogosing. Ka MmaMosadinyana a ne a latlhegetswe ke madi mo ntweng ya mafatshe-fatshe ya bobedi, o ne sa batle go latlhegelwa ke gauta go tsweng Aferika Borwa. Ka jalo Seretse o ne a kojwa mo Bechuanaland Protectorate.
Matsatsi a gagwe a bofelo (Seretse)[baakanya | edit source]
Seretse Khama o tlhokafetse ka kgwedi ya Phukwi 1980 a le dingwga dile masome a matlhano le robongwe.Go thlokafaleng gagwe go ne ga dira gore Batswana ipotse dipotso ka bane ba itse fa go sena ope motho o a neng a nale botsipajwa go busa.Khama o boloketswe kwa go bolokelwang balelwapa la ga Khama kwa lentsweng kwa motsing wa Serowe.Ngwana wa gagwe ebong Ian Khama o ne a mo sela morago ka ditro ka go tsena mo pusong fa a a ne a thlophiwa go nna tautona wa lefatshe la Botswana ka ngwaga wa 2008.[1] [2]


text:
Maranya a Kakanyo
Maranyane a kakanyo kgotsa (IT) ke papadi,lepeano,letlotlo le go ntsha ga modumo,ditshwantsho,mokwalo le dinomoro tsa kakanyotse di dirisanyang le motlakasedi itebagantse le go tlhakanya dikhomputara le tsa ditlhaeletsanyo.[1] Lefoko le lone ka bosha jwa go tlhaloganyesega jwa lone le bonasegile ka ngwaga wa 1958 mo koranteng ya Harvard Business Review ,e mo go yone mokwadi Leavitt le Whisler ba akgetseng gore "kakanyo e ntsha ga e na leina lele ikemetseng ka nosi lele setseng le simolodisitswe. Re tla le bitsa maranyane a Kakanyo kgotsa ka bokhutshwane (IT).".[2] Nngwe ya tsa segompino tse di tlhagogang mo ntheng ya tsa Maranyane a kakanyo ke tse di tla tlang e le, dikhomputara tsa kitso tlhabologileng , dikhomputara tsa maemo,kakanyo ya maranyane a tlhabologileng,kwa godimo kokoanyo ya kitso le tse dingwe.
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Kakanyo ka kakaretso[baakanya | edit source]
IT ke lefelo le go laolwang kakanyo le go paralatsa mafelo ka go faralogana aa akaretsang mme go kganelwa ke dilo tse di tshwanang le go bopelela, maranyane aa berekisang khomputara, kitso ee faphegileng , tse di dirang khomputara , kitso ee tlhalogangwang ke khomputara le go aga kitso. Ka bokhutshwane, sepe se tlhokanang le kitso,ee akanyediwang ka go bonala kana nngwe tsela,ka go dirisiwa ga di CD,ke bontlha bongwe jwa maranyane a kakanyetso. IT e thusa bagwebi ka dithuso tse nne tse di faphegileng tsa:go dira gore kgwebo e itirise ka maranyane,go tlisa kakanyetso,go ikgolaganya le bareki,le didirisiwa tse di rotloetsang maduo aa mantle.
Baitsanape ba maranyane a kakanyo ba dira ditiro tse di farologanyeng(maranyane a kakanyo aa lekanyeng) aa rulagantsweng go tswa mo go tsenyeng topo go diragatsa di toga-maano, kgolaganyo ya dikhomputara le kakanyo Nngwe ya ditiro tsa baitsanape ba maranyane a kakanyo ba ka di dirang ke go laola kakanyo,go dira le kgolaganyo, dikago tsa khomputara,go dira le kakanyo le maranyane a khomputara,le gone go laola le kokamelo ya tsotlhe ka kakaretso. Maranyane a kakanyo a simolotse go gasagasamela pele go nale go tlwaela khomputara ya motho a le mongwe le maranyane a kgolaganyo,le tse dingwe tse dintsi tse di dirisang maranyane jaaka go dirisa megala ya letlheka, disupaditshwantsho,le megala ee dirang ka esi, le tse dingwe, mo go oketsang letlhoko la ditiro.
Mo nakong ee fitlileng,lekgotla la Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology gape le la Association for Computing Machinery ba ikgolagantse go bopa maitlamo le seemo sa togamaano ka dithuto [3] tsa boemo jwa maranyaneng a katso jaaka aa pharologanyo fa a tshwantshangwa [4]le maranyane a khomputara le kakanyo ka kakaretso gompino. SIGITE (Setlhopa se se haphegileng mo thutong)[5] ke lekalana la ACM le le berekang ka ditlhopana go netefatsa maitlamo a. Dithuso ka maranyane a kakanyo lefatshe ka bophara e ne e le didikadike tsa makgolokgolo a makgolo a supa,masome a borataro le boraro ka ngwaga wa 2009.[6]
Selekanyo sa kgolo ya maranyane[baakanya | edit source]
Hilbert le Lopez [7] ba kaya kgolo ya mararanyane e fetlogang (jaaka o kare molao wa Moore):motshine oo itebagantseng le selekanyo sa go bala kakanyo go bua ka kgobololo o ntsifetse gabedi mo kgweding tse lesome le bone gare ga ngwaga wa 1986 le 2007; selekanyo sa lefatshe sa tiriso ya dikhomputara ka kakaretso se oketsegile gabedi mo kgweding di le lesome le borobabobedi mo dingwageng tse di lesome; selekanyo sa ditlhaeletsanyo tsa lefatshe ka bophara se oketsegile gabedi mo kgweding tse masome a mararo le bone; selekanyo sa letlotlo la lefatshe lotlhe le ne le tlhokana le kgobololo ya kgwedi tse masome a mane go ntsifala mo ngwageng tse (tharo); gape selekanyo sa go gasagasa kitso se ntsifetse gabedi mo kgoboleng ya ngwaga tse 12.3.[7]
onani[baakanya | edit source]
- Kakanyo le maranyane a dipusanyo (ICT)
- Maranyane a khomputara
Dipadi tsa kwa:[baakanya | edit source]
- ↑ Longley, Dennis; Shain, Michael (1985), Dictionary of Information Technology (2 ed.), Macmillan Press, p. 164, ISBN 0-333-37260-3
- ↑ "information technology (subscription required)", Oxford English Dictionary (2 ed.), Oxford University Press, 1989, http://dictionary.oed.com/, retrieved 20 November 2010
- ↑ ABET
- ↑ Isbell, Charles; Impagliazzo, John; Stein, Lynn; Proulx, Viera; Russ, Steve; Forbes, Jeffrey; Thomas, Richard; Fraser, Linda et al. (December 2009), (Re)Defining Computing Curricula by (Re)Defining Computing, Association for Computing Machinery, ACM, ISBN 978-1-60558-886-5
- ↑ ACM-SIGITE
- ↑ "Gartner Says Worldwide IT Services Revenue Declined 5.3 Percent in 2009", Gartner, http://www.gartner.com/it/page.jsp?id=1363713, retrieved 20 November 2010
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 "Nonofo ya maranyane a tsa lefatshe ka letlotlo,go itsese,le go bala maranyane", Martin Hilbert le Priscila López (2011), Science (journal), 332(6025), 60-65;go atamela koranta fa: martinhilbert.net/WorldInfoCapacity.html
Palo pele[baakanya | edit source]
- Adelman, C. (2000). A Parallel Post-secondary Universe: The Certification System in Information Technology . Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Education.
- Allen, T., and M.S. Morton, eds. 1994. Information Technology and the Corporation of the 1990s . New York: Oxford University Press.
- Shelly, Gary, Cashman, Thomas, Vermaat, Misty, and Walker, Tim. (1999). Discovering Computers 2000: Concepts for a Connected World . Cambridge, Massachusetts: Course Technology.
- Webster, Frank, and Robins, Kevin. (1986). Information Technology—A Luddite Analysis . Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
- The Global Information Technology Report 2008–2009, World Economic Forum and INSEAD, 2009, ISBN 978-92-95044-19-7, http://www.weforum.org/pdf/gitr/2009/gitr09fullreport.pdf
- Blais, Steven (December 2011). Business Analysis: Best Practices for Success. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 1118076001.
Dikgoge tsa kwa ntle[baakanya | edit source]


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Botswana
Lefatshe la Botswana mo borwa jwa Aferika, ke lefatshe le le dikaganyeditsweng ke a mangwe, ka jalo ga le a bapa le lewatle. Pele ga le tsaya boipuso ka kgwedi ya Phalane e tlhola masome a mararo ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a roba bongwe, masome a le marataro le metso e le merataro mo go mmamosadinyana le ne le bidiwa Bechuanaland. Lefatshe la Botswana le dikaganyeditswe ke la Aferika Borwa kwa borwa-botlhaba go fitlha kwa borwa bophirima, Namibia kwa bophirima, Zambia kwa bokone le Zimbabwe kwa bokone-botlhaba. Lefatshe le le bidiwa Botswana, le reelelwa ka banni ba lone eleng Batswana.
Pina ya setshaba ya Botswana ke fatshe leno la rona, e e tlhamilweng ke Rre K T Motsete.
Madi a a dirisiwang ko Botswana ke Pula.
Botswana ke lefatshe le le farologanyeng le mafatshe a mangwe mo Aferika. Morago ga puso ya ga Mmamosadinyana, Botswana o ne a tsaya boipuso ka di 30 tsa Lwetse 1966. Morago ga boipuso, lefatshe la Botswana le ne la dirisanya mmogo le puso ya Mmamosadinyana go itlhabolola. Babusi ba Botswana ka nako eo ba ne ba leka ka bojotlhe go ntsha Botswana mo tlaleng. Domokoraga e ne ya busa lefatshe le e eteletswe pele ke Seretse Khama, tautona wa ntlha wa Botswana.
Gompieno Botswana ke lengwe la mafatshe a a tlhabologang ka bofefo mo lefatsheng ka bophara. Le fa mafatshe a mangwe mo Aferika a bolawa ke tlala le matshwenyego jaaka dintwa le tsietso setshaba, Botswana e kgonne go fenya mmaba mo ebileng e leng sekai mo Aferika.
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Melao ya lefatshe la Botswana[baakanya | edit source]
Molao wa Bogosi (Chieftainship Act, CAP 41:01- 1933) 1. Temana ya bobedi (section 2) ya molao o, yare: Merafe ke e e herang bobedi e e tholegileng e bua puo ya Setswana, eleng Bakgatla, Bangwato, Balete, Bakwena, Batawana, Barolong, Batlokwa le Bangwaketsi. Temana eo gape e boa ere: dikgosi ke tsa merafe e o fela, ebile lefatshe ke la yone merafe eo fela. 2. Se se raya gore merafe e mengwe e kgaphetswe kwa ntle, ga e tsewe ele merafe, mme ele meratshwana e e ka fa tlase ga merafe e e buang Setswana. Maikaelelo le maikemisetso a molao o, ke go nyeletsa merafe e e kgaphetsweng kwa ntle jaaka: Babirwa, Batswapong, Bakalaka, Bayeyi, Bambukushu, Basubiya, Basarwa, Baherero, Bambanderu, Bakgalagadi, Bakgothu, fela jalo. Puso e solofetse gore meratshwana e, e nyelele, e komediwe ke e buang Setswana. 3. Morafe ke batho, ka jalo fa puso e tsaya gore morafe mongwe gase morafe, o raya gore morafe o o gase batho. Batho badirilwe ke Modimo, ba na le teme le ngwao e e remeletseng mo lefatshing le ba tshelang mo go lone, jaaka dijo, dikago, diaparo le didirisiwa tsa bone[1].
Molao wa lefatshe (Tribal Territories Act, CAP 32:02 - 1933) 1. Molao o, o dirafatsa tlhaloso e e dirilweng mo molaong wa bogosi, o o tlhalosang gore lefatshe ke la bo mang. 2. Se molao wa lefatshe o se dirang ke go kgaola melolwane go supa gore lefatshe la Bangwato le tswa fa le felela fa , la Bakgatla, Balete, Batlokwa, Bakwena, Bangwaketsi, Batawana, Barolong fela jalo. Malao o, o raya gore merafe e e kgaphetsweng kwa ntle ga ena lefatshe. 3. Merero yotlhe ya tiriso ya lefatshe e mo maruding a merafe e e ferang bobedi. Merafe e mengwe go tsewa gore e komeditswe, e ka fa tase ga emengwe. Ka jalo ga ba na tshwanelo ya lefatshe ele merafe, fa ese fela ka bongwe ka bongwe. 4. Se se raya gore merafe e e kgaphetsweng kwa ntle ga e kake ya ngongorega ka lefatshe ele sethopha sa morafe. Ba ka ngongorega fela ka bongwe ka bongwe, ba ngongoregela dilo tse di tshwanang masimo, le lwapa a bone fela. Merafe e e buang Setswana yone, eka ngongorega ele morafe, ba ngongoregela lefatshe la bone ka kakaretso. 5. Sekai ke gore Basarwa, ga ba ka ke ba ngongorega ka lefatshe ele Basarwa, ba ka ngongorega fela fa ba tlhakane le Bangwaketse, ebile le bone ba ipitsa Bangwaketse[2].
Lenaneo la tiriso ya metsi mo Botswana[baakanya | edit source]
Lefatshe la Botswana le ntse le nosiwa metsi ke makalana a a farologaneng mo dingwageng tse di fetileng. Water Utilities Corporation e ntse e nosa ditoropo le ditoropo kgolo. Mo godimo ga moo, kompone e, e ntse e tshwaragane le Lephata la Metsi le Dikhansele tsa Dikgaolo ka bokete jwa metsi go abiwa le mafelo a mangwe a lefatshe leno. Maikaelelo a Lenaneo la go Dira Diphetogo mo Mhameng wa Metsi ke go baakanya ditsamaiso tse marara mme ka jalo go nne bonolo go isa metsi kwa bathong.Ke eng se se tlamileng gore go diragadiwe Lenaneo la Diphetogo tsa Mhama wa Metsi?Kanoko ya Lenaneo Legolo la Sechaba la Phatlalatso Metsi la 2005-2006, le ne la re go dirwe diphetogo tse dikgolo mo mhameng wa metsi, mme dingwe tsa tsone e le gore, go kgaoganngwe tsamaiso ya mhama wa metsi le makalana a mangwe a a thusang ka ditirelo. Morago ga dikanoko tse, ba ne ba gakolola gore Water Utilities Corporation e tseye tsamaiso yotlhe ya go nosa lefatshe leno[3].
Dipolotiki le puso ya Botswana[baakanya | edit source]
E sale lefatshe la Botswana le tsaya Boipuso ka ngwaga wa 1966,le tile le eteletswe pele ke Phutlhego ya Botswana Democratic Party e le mo bogompienong e ntseng e busa fela.Tautona wa lefatshe la Botswana ke Rre Seretse khama Ian Khama,yo o sa tswang go amoga maemo a mo go Rre Festus Mogae.Puso ya lefatshe la Botswana ke ya batho ka batho mme se se raya gore mongwe le mongwe o nale tshwanelo ya tlhopha phutlhego e a akanyang gore e ka mo tswa mosola mo tsamaisong ya lefatshe a phutlhologile[4].Go nale kagiso e e renang lefatshe ka bophara mme se se dire gore mafatshe ka bontsi a batle go itsalanya le rona.Batswana ka bontsi ke batho ba ba ratang go itse le gone go tlhaloganay ka mafatshe a sele,jalo se batka tirisanyo mmogo fa gare ga mafatshe.
Phemelo[baakanya | edit source]
Ka nako ya boipuso,lefatshe la Botswana le kile la bo le sena sesole se se netameng. E ne e le morago ga gore Masole a Rhodesian le a Aferika Borwa ba lwantshiwe ke mephato ya ZIPRA le MK[14] mme Botswana Defence Force (BDF) ya tlhamiwa ka ngwaga wa 1977[5]. Tautona e ne e le ene molaodi wa sesole gape a nale dithata tsa go ka etelela lefatshe gape. Sesole sa Botswana se nale maloko a ka tshwara selekanyo sa 12,000.
Go latela phetogo ya sepolotiki sa Aferika Borwa,Maitlamo a sesole sa Botswana ba ne ba itlama go sireletsa diphologolo tsa tlholego, go thusa batho ka nako ya fa ba wetswe ke dibetsa tsa tlholego , gape le gone go tlisa kagiso. Lefatshe la United States e sa tswa go nna lefatshe le le neng la thusa Botswana ka ditlhabololo le sone seole sa Botswana (BDF), mme bontsi jwa bone ba ne ba fiwa ithuthuntsho ke ba lefatshe la U.S. Ithuthuntsho e ke yone e e tswewang e le yone ya konokono mo Botswana[6].
Diteme tsa Botswana[baakanya | edit source]
Teme e e buiwang mo Botswana ke Setswana,ke sone se re ikgatsang ka sone go tswa mo mafatsheng a Africa e bile se golaganya merafe e farologanyeng go utlwana.Ka gore go nale merafe e e farologanyeng Botswana o nale diteme tse dingwe tse di buiwang ke yone merafe e jaaka:
Bona gape[baakanya | edit source]
Dipadi tse dingwe[baakanya | edit source]
- ↑ kamanakao.tripod.com/melao.pdf
- ↑ kamanakao.tripod.com/melao.pdf
- ↑ www.mmewr.gov.bw/downloads/download.php?dir
- ↑ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_of_Botswana
- ↑ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana_Defence_Force
- ↑ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana_Defence_Force
Dikgoge tsa kwa ntle[baakanya | edit source]


text:
Vernon Nkadimeng
Vernon Nkadimeng (Seetebosigo a tlhola masome a mabedi le botlhano ngwaga wa 1958 kwa Alexandra - Motsheganong a tlhola masome a mabedi le motso ngwaga wa 1985 mo Gaborone, Botswana) e ne e le leloko la African National Congress yo o neng a bolawa fa a le mo mofalading mo Botswana ke ba sepodisi sa sephiri ka nako ya dintlwa tsa kgetlhololo ya letso le mmala.[1]
Botshelo jwa gagwe[baakanya | edit source]
O ne siela Aferika Borwa a latela baganani ba 1976 Soweto fa a le dingwaga tse di lesome le borobabobedi. O ne a tsena mo Umkhonto We Sizwe (MK) kwa Angola, sesole sa ANC gape moragonyana a gola le sesole sa MK. O ne a ya kwa Czechoslovakia le ba MK, kwa ileng a fitlha tlhatlhelelwa dithuto tsa go katisa masole.[2] Ka Motsheganong a tlhola Masome a mabedi le motso ngwaga wa 1985, Nkadimeng o ne a bolawa ka tiba ya koloi e e neng e beilwe ke ba sepodosi sa balwantshi ba letso le mmala.
Dipadi tse dingwe.[baakanya | edit source]
- ↑ Palo ya batho ba phuthego ya ANC ba ba tlhokafaletseng mo mofalading ANC.org
- ↑ Malwaapa a tsaya ditopo tsa babolaiwa BOPA Daily News Archive, 16 January 2006
[[Category:O tshotswe ka ngwaga wa 1958 ]]Template:SouthAfrica-mil-bio-stub
- Dintsho tsa ngwaga wa 1984
- Batho ba ba tswang toropong ya Johannesburg
- Batho ba ba bolailweng ba Aferika Borwa
- Batho ba Aferika Borwa ba ba bolailweng kwa ntle
- Batho ba ba bolailweng mo Botswana
- Lekoko la phutlhego ya African National Congress
- Dipolao ka ditiba tsa dikoloi
- Mapolotiki a Aferika Borwa a a bolailweng


text:
Hotele ya kwa maphothophothong a Victoria
Hotele ya kwa maphothophothong a Victoria ke hotele ya ditso kwa maphothophothong a Victoria mo, Zimbabwe. Hotele e e lebaganye le kgoro ya bobedi gape le borogo jwa maphothophotho a Victoriac go tsweng kwa a elelelang teng.
Hotele e e butswe ka ngwaga wa 1904 go fa bapagami ba ba neng ba fetla ka seporo se se neng se sa tswa go agiwa, nngwe ya maano a seporo sa Cape go ya Cairo. Moragonyana e ne ya nna sefetla sa makwalo a BOAC a ditirelo gareng ga Southampton le Aferika Borwa. Hotele e e santse e kile ya fa baeti ba bogosi boroko mo makgetlhong a mmalwa, ba akaretsa King George VI ka kgwedi ya Moranang ngwaga wa 1947.[1]
Hotele e ntse e ele lefelo la bokopanelo jwa sepoloti. Ka ngwaga wa 1949 Roy Welensky o ne rulaganya bokopano gone koo go bua ka ka tlholo ya Federation of Rhodesia le Nyasaland, gape ka ngwaga wa 1963 bokopano jwa kwa hoteleng e e kwa maphothophothong e ne ya baka kgaogano ya bokopano.
Hotele ke leloko la dihotele tse di eteletseng pele mo dtlhopheng tsa lefatsheng. E laolwa ke kompone ya African Sun Limited.


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Boemelo jwa terena mo Botswana
Contents
Tshimologo[baakanya | edit source]
Terena ke ngwe ya dipalamo tse di dirisiwang mo Botswana.Gantsi e dirisiwa go rwala dithoto kgotsa batho go ya mafelong aa farologanyeng.Go na le terena ee tswang mo toropo kgolo Gaborone go ya kwa toropong ya Francistown.Fa terena ee rwalang dithoto yone tsamaya mafelo aa farologanyeng le gone kwa mafatsheng aa mabapi.Ditlhwatlhwa tsa go palama terena di kwa tlase mo di letlang motho mongwe le mongwe go ka e palama.
Mmele[baakanya | edit source]
Palo ya maemelo a terena mo Botswana a akaretsa:
Ditoropo tse diterena di yang kwa go tsone[baakanya | edit source]
Tse di leng teng[baakanya | edit source]
- Ramatlhabama, Aforika-Borwa yo e leng molelwane wa lefatshe la Botswana le la Aforika-borwa
- Lobatse
- Gaborone - motse-mogolo wa lefatshe leno
- Palapye - makaranelo a diporo tse di rorang magala
- Serule -marakanelo a diporo
- Francistown
- Ramokgwebana - yo o kopanetseng molelwane le lefatshe la zimbabwe
- Palo ya maemelo a terena mo {1}Botswana {/1} e akaretsa:
- Morupule - maemelo a diterena
- Serule - marakanelo a diporo
- Selibe Phikwe -maemelo a diterena
- Francistown -marakanelo a diporo
- Sowa - maemelo a diterena
Katoloso[baakanya | edit source]
Go ya Namibia[baakanya | edit source]
- mola wa Trans-Kalahari go ya Namibia - ngwaga wa 2008 [1] [2] o sekgele sa dikhilomethara di le makgolokgolo le makgolo a le marataro.
-
- Aranos - moepo o o mosha wa magala
- Palapye - o golaganye le Bulawayo mo Zimbabwe
- Francistown
- Mafeking
- Lobatse
- Kang mo Botswana
- Ghanzi , kgonagalo ya moepo wa kopore le selefera .
- Morupule , moepo wa magala mo botlhaba jwa legare mo Botswana
- Kgogomelo ya Shearwater , Namibia -maemelo a dikepe.
- Aus mo Namibia
Go ya Mozambique[baakanya | edit source]
- Go feta ka Aforika-Borwa kgotsa ka Zimbabwe [3]
- Gaborone go ya Maputo [4]
- Serule , Botswana go feta ka Zimbabwe go ya Template:Country data Mozambique Maputo kwa (Newport)
Go ya Zambia[baakanya | edit source]
Dikaelatikologo[baakanya | edit source]
O ka leba gape[baakanya | edit source]
- Tsa mesepele mo Botswana
- Kompone ya diterena mo Botswana
Bokhutlo[baakanya | edit source]
Terena e kotsi fela thata fa kotsi e ka e diragalela go nna le tshenyego ee tseneletseng mme gape ga go motlhofo gore e diragalelwe ke kotsi.Ke ka moo batho ba ratang go e dirisa go na le dipalamo tse dingwe.


text:
Aferika Borwa
Ripaboliki ya Aferika Borwa, ke naga e e leng kwa borwa jwa Aferika. E dikaganyeditswe ka bophirima ke lewatle la Atlantic, mme ka fa botlhabatsatsi e dikaganyeditswe ke lewatle la Indiya. Ga ele dinaga tse di mabapi, ke Zimbabwe, Botswana, Mozambike, Namibia, Swaziland le Lesotho. Ikonomi ya Aferika Borwa, ke ikonomi e e kgolo go fitisisa mo go Aferika, ebile ke ikonomi ya masome-a-mabedi-le-bonne(24) e e golo ka go fitisisa mo lefatsheng. Gape ke naga ya Commonwealth of Nations. Ke naga e e tlhabologileng thata.
Tautona wa lefatshe le ke Jacob Zuma.
Diporofinsi tsa Afrika Borwa[baakanya | edit source]
Ko bokhutlong jwa aparateiti ka ngwaga wa 1994, fa ba "tsere puso" le ha ba le "gaufi le go tsaya puso" batho ba letso la Bantu ba ne tisiwa ko bokhutlong ha go ne go na le diporofisi tse nne e bong (Cape, Natal, Orange Free State and Transvaal), le diporofinsi tse dingwe tse dintsha. Provinsi ngwe le ngwe e buswa ke molamente yo o tlhojwang ngwaga tse botlhano dingwe le dingwe tse di tlang, a thlojwa ke bathophi ba party le maloko a party. Moeteledi pele wa Party kana tautona o tlhopha mopalamente wa pelo ya gagwe e le moeteledi pele wa goromente, moteledipele o tla bo a apela matona a puso di provinci go ya ka di provinsi le kitso ya bone. Dithata tsa ba okametseng di provinsi ke laolwa ke mekolo wa molao; engwe ya dikgang tse di akaretsa botsogo, thuto, mantlo a sechaba le dipalamo tsa sechaba.
Dipadi tse dingwe[baakanya | edit source]
- ↑ Stats in Brief, 2010. Pretoria: Statistics South Africa. 2010. p. 3. ISBN 978-0-621-39563-1. http://www.statssa.gov.za/publications/StatsInBrief/StatsInBrief2010.pdf.
- ↑ Template:Cite report