text:
Molelo
Molemo ke thakathakanyo e e diragalang ka bonako ya di gase mo tsamaisong ya combustion, e e ntshang mogote, lesedi le tse dingwe tse di farologaneng.[1] Slower oxidative processes like rusting or digestion are not included by this definition.
Motuka ke bontha bongwe jo bo bonalang jwa molemo gape o na le ditlhase. Fa digase tse di fisa thata, dikgona go nna ionized go dira plasma.[2] Mmala wa motuka le bogale jwa molemo bo ya ka dilo tse dishang le dilo tse di tshelwang mo teng
Ditlamorago tsa molemo ke conflagration, se se na le bokgoni jwa go senyaka mmele ka go o fisa. Molemo ke selo sa bothokwa se se amang matshelo a batho lefatshe ka bophara. Ditlamorago tse di siameng tsa molelo ke go rotloetsa kgolo le go babalela tikologo. Molemo o sa le o dirisiw ake batho go apaya, go dira mogote, sesupo le ditiro tsa propulsion. Ditlamorago tse di bosula tsa molelo di akaretsa, go leswafatsa metsi, go senya mmu, go leswafatsa loapi le kotsi mo matshelo a batho.[3]
Contents
- 1 Ditebego
- 2 Boitsaanape jwa molelo
- 3 Mekwalo e e beilweng ya ditswa mmung
- 4 Taolo ya batho
- 5 Tshireletso le Thibelo
- 6 Paakanyo
- 7 O ka tsibogela
- 8 ditshwantsho tsa tlaleletso
- 9 Tse di latelang ke tse di dirisitsweng go batla kitso e e kwadilweng fa
- 10 tshekatsheko ya bakwadi
Ditebego[baakanya | edit source]
Maranyane[baakanya | edit source]
Molelo o simolola fa selo se se thothetsang molelo, se kopane le selekanyo se se siameng sa gase ya oxygen kana sengwe se se na le oxygen, se le gaufi le motswedi wa mogote kana mogote o le kwa godimo ga flash point gore leokwane le ka kopangwa, gape gore e kgona go tshegetsa, selekanyo sa bonako jwa oxidation, e ntshang a tlhakatlhakanyo. This is commonly called the fire tetrahedron. Fire cannot exist without all of these elements in place and in the right proportions. For example, a flammable liquid will start burning only if the fuel and oxygen are in the right proportions. Some fuel-oxygen mixes may require a catalyst, a substance that is not directly involved in any chemical reaction during combustion, but which enables the reactants to combust more readily.
Fa o simolola go tuka, thathakanyo ya di gase e tshwanetse go diragala, mo eleng gore molelo o kgona go tshegetsa mogote wa one, ka go ntsha nonofo ya mogote mo tiragalong ya combustion le go propagate, fela fa go nale neelano ya gase le leokwane.
Molelo o ka timiwa ka go ntsha ditsetlana dingwe tse di bakang molelo. Sekaseka gase ya tholego jaaka go tswa mo letshegong la boapeelo. Molelo o ka timiwa ka tse di latelang:
- • fa o tima motswedi wa gase, mo go ntsha motswedi wa leokwane.
- Fa o kgorumetsa motuka gotlhelele, mo go fokotsa bogale jwa motuka, ka gonne combustion e dirisa gase ya oygen e e mo phefong le go e ntsha, lefelong le le gaufi le motuka o o nale CO2.
- Go tshela metsi mo molelo go fokotsa mogote o o mo teng ka bonako go na le o molelo o ka o dirang( fa o budulela mowa mo molelong go ka fokotsa mogote, wa digase tse di shang go tswa mo leokwaneng go tshwana le ntlha e e fa godimo) kana
- Go tshela sedirisiwa se se timang molelo jaaka Halon mo motukeng, se se kganelang thakathakanyo ya di gase, go fithelela selekanyo sa combation se nna bonya go babalela mola wa thakathakanyo.
Molelo o ka okediwa ka go oketsaselekanyo sa combustion Mekgwa ya go dira se ke go lekalekanyo leokwane le di gase tse thokegang tsa selekanyo se se rileng, go oketsa leokwane le gase mo bokopanyong jwa selekanyo se, go oketsa mogote, gore mogote wa molelo o kgone go tshegetsa go tuka ga molelo kana go tsenya sethothetsi; sethothedi se se dirisiwang gore leokwane le digase di thakathakane ka pela.
Motuka[baakanya | edit source]
Motuka ke tlhakatlhakano ya digase le dilo tse di tswang mo teng, infrared, nako tse dingwe lesedi le le bonako, selekanyo sa lefelo le le ikaegileng ka ditebego tsa dilo tse dishang le tsibogo e e bonako. Mo nako tse dintsi, jaaka go sha ga dilo tsa tholego jaaka, dikgong, kana go sha mo go sa felelang ga gase, incadescent solid particles tse di bidiwang soot di ntsha o o tshwanang motuka o o phatsimang o o lephutshi. Lesedi le na le lefelo le le tsweletseng. Go sha mo go feletseng ga gase, go na le motuka wa mmala o motala, ka lobaka la go ntshiwa ga radiation ya bophara bo le bongwe go tswa mo phudugong ya electron mo di molecule tse di dirilweng ke motuka. Nako tse dinsi, go dirisiwa gase ya oxygen, mme Hydrogen e e tukang mo chloride le yone e ntsha motuka, mo go dirang gase ya Hydrogen Chloride(HCl). Thakanyo e engwe e e kgonang go ntsha motuka, mo go tse dintsi ke Fluorine le hydrogen le hydrazine le nitrogen tetroxide.
Go phatsima ga motuka go thakathakane. Mogote wa mmele wa radiation o ntshiwa mo gaseng ya soot, le dikarolo tsa leokwane, le fa go ntse jaalo dikarolo tsa soot di le dinnye thata go itshola jaaka mmele e mentsho e e siameng. Gape go ntshiwa photon, e ntshiwa ke di atoms le molecules tse di seng mathagathaga mo di gaseng Bontsi jwa mogote wa radiation o ntshiwa mo dilong tse bonalan. Mmala o ikaegile mo mogoteng wa mmele o montsho wa radiation, le kago ya boranyane gore go ntshiwa go kgonagale Mmala o tlwaelesegile mo motukeng o fetoga le mogote. Sekai se se siameng ke setshwantsho sa molelo wa naga. Fa go tuka mo gontsi go diragalang teng mo lefatshe, molelo o mosweu, mmala wa fa gole mogote thata wa dilo tsa tholego ke lephutshi. Fa godimo ga lefelo le lephutshi, mmala o fetogelosa mo bosetheng, se se raya gore ga go mogote thata, morago ga mmala o ke bohibidu, fa go seng mogote. Fa godimo ga mmala o mohibidu, go tuka ga go sa thole go diragala, gape dikarolo tse di sa tukang kgotsa di sa sha, ka tebego di dintsho.
Komponi ya NASA ya ko Amerika e lemogile gore gravity e tsaya karolo mo tiragalong ya motuka. Fa go nonofo ev e gogelang kwa godimo e fetolwa, se se ka baka mefuta e e farologaneng ya metuka[4] Kabakanyo ya metuka ka fa tlase ga diemo tsa gravity, di ikaegile ka go sutla ga dikarolwana mo metsing, jaaka soot e nna e gola go feta motuka o o tlwaelesegileng., jaaka mo kereseng mo diemong tse di tlwaelesegileng tsa go tsholetsega ga mmele, di dira gore o nne lephutshi. Fa go senang gravity, jaaka mo mafelong ka tikologong tse di mo lefaufaung, convection ca e sa thole e diragala, le mothuka o thuka ka go dikologa, le go rata go nna motala le bokgoni( lefa o ka kgona go tima fa o sa tshwarwe sentle, le gore CO2 go tswana mo go tukeng, ga e kabakangwe sentle fa go senang gravity, mme se se ka tima motuka). Go na le dithaloso tse di ntsi tsa di pharologanyo tse, mo e leng gore go ka kgonagaa gore mogote o kabakangwe ka go lekalekana, gore soot e seka ya dirwa le go tuka mo go feletseng go dirgala.[5] Diteko tse di dirilweng ke NASA di supa gore metuka e e thakanang fa go senang gravity, e letelela gore soot e le ntsi e thakane le digase morago e bo e dira thakanyo ya metuka mo lefatsheng, ka ntateng ya maitsholo a farologaneng a ditshidi fa go senang grafity, fa go tshwanthsangwa le fa go na le diemo tsa gravity e e tlwaelesegileng.[6] Ditemogo tse di ne tsa dirisiwa mo boranyane, le mo madirelong thatathata tiriso ya leokwane.
Mo diegeneng tse di tukang, go na le dikgatlo tse dintsi tse di tsewang go tima motuka. Mekgwa e e ikaegile mefuta ya leokwane, jaaka mafura, dikgong, leokwane le le nale nonofo e ntsi jaaka leokwane la difofane.
Mogote[baakanya | edit source]
Molelo o ntsha mogote, kana ke mokgwa wa go fudusa nonofo go tswa mo mmeleng mongwe ka lobaka la go amana le taolo ya mogote.
Megote e e etsegeng ya molelo le metuka[baakanya | edit source]
- Motuka wa gase e e hemiwang le gase ya nonofo.
- Motuka wa sedirisiwa sa madirelo a maranyane.
- • Motuka wa sedirisiwa se se tsenyang kgatelelo e potlana[7]
- Motuka wa kerese
- Go goga motsoko
- o Mogote o o sa tshwantshiwing: lethakore le le tshubilweng 585 °C (1,100 °F)
- Mogote wa go tshwantshiwa: bogare jwa fa go tshubuilweng: 700 °C (1,300 °F)
- Go nna go le mogote thata fagare.
Mogote wa metuka ka ditebego.[baakanya | edit source]
Mogote wa metuka e e na le dikarolo tsa carbon di ntsha lesedi, di ka lemogwa ka mmala wa tsone.[8]
- Bohibidu
- -O bonala 525 °C (980 °F)
- o sa bonale: 700 °C (1,300 °F)
- mmala o o sa bonaleng wa leungo: 800 °C (1,500 °F)
- mmala o o bonalang sentle wa leungo: 900 °C (1,700 °F)
- mmala wa leungo o o bonala sentle: 1,000 °C (1,800 °F)
- mmala wa namune
- Boteng: 1,100 °C (2,000 °F)
- bonala: 1,200 °C (2,200 °F)
- Bosweu
- Bosweu: 1,300 °C (2,400 °F)
- phatsima: 1,400 °C (2,600 °F)
- galalela: 1,500 °C (2,700 °F)
Boitsaanape jwa molelo[baakanya | edit source]
Naga e ngwe le ngwe ya tholego e na le molelo wa yone, gape ditshidi mo nageng ya teng di ikaegile ka one molelo o. Molelo o dira mafelo a bodulo,lengwe le lengwe e le fa seemong se se rileng.[9] Mefuta ya dithare, diphologolo le ditshidinyana di na le bokgoni jwa go dirisang seemo sengwe, gape fa o ntse o dira o ne mafelo a, molelo o letelela mefuta e mentsi go nna mo lefelong leo.
Mekwalo e e beilweng ya ditswa mmung[baakanya | edit source]
Taolo ya batho[baakanya | edit source]
Go laola molelo e ne e le phetogo e e neng e diragala mo matshelo a batho ba bogologolo. Go gotsa molelo, go dira mogote le lesedi, mo go ne go dira gore batho ba kgone go apaya dijo, go oketsa mefuta le go nna teng ga dikotla. Mogote o o neng o dirwa o ne o thuthafatsa batho ka mariga, o dira gore ba kgone go tshela mo fa go le tshididi. Molelo gape o ne o kgoba dibatlana. Bosupi jwa dijo tse di apeilweng, di ne tsa bonwa go tswa mo dingwageng tse didikadike tse di fetileng, le fa molelo o ne o sa dirisiwe ka mokgwa o o rileng go fithelela ka dingwaga tse 400,00 tse di fitileng. [10] Bosupi bo bo ne jwa anama ka dingwaga tse masome mathano go ya ko lekgolo tse di fitileng, go supa gore tiriso e ntsi nako le nako; mo go kgathisang, ka nako e lengwefela go leswafatsa phefo le gone ga simolola go anama, ka dipalo tse dintsi.[10] Tiriso ya molelo e ne ya simolola go nna mafathatha, o ne wa dirisiwa go dira magala le go laola ditshidi tsa naga dingwaga tse makgole a lesome a a fetileng.[10]
Molelo gape o ne dirisiwa mo dingwageng tse difitileng go bogisa le go athola, e le go fisa motho a tshela le didirisiwa tsa pogiso jaaka sethako sa tshipi, se se neng se tlatswa ka metsi, mafura kana se fisiwa ka molelo gore motho a bogisege.
ka nako ya diphetogo go tswa mo tsomeng go ya ko jwaleng dijalo, batho fatshe ka bophara ba ne ba dirisa molelo jaaka sedirisiwa sa go babalela lefatshe. melelo e ne laolwa ka go fisamlelo e e tsididi fa go tshwantshangwa le melelo e bogale e e senyang mmu. Melelo e e bogale e senyaka dijwalo le diphologolo gape e tsenya batho mo kotsing. Se ke mathata a matona mo nageng tsa gompieno fa go fisa melelo ya setso is thibelwa go rotloetsa kgolo ya dithare tse di dirang dilo tsa kago. Melelo e e seng bogale e diriwa thata ka paka ya dithobologo le thobo. go supa fa go tshubiwa ka nonofo ya ditshidi tse di suleng e sa gole sentle, se seka simolodisa melelo e e bogale. go na le mefuta e mentsi ya tikologo, e rotloetsang entsifalo ya diphologolo le ditlhare. Batho bo ne ba dira gore dinaga tse dikgothaganeng di atloge.
Go na le dipalo tse di ntsi tsa tiriso ya molelo. Fa o ka akanya sentle molelo o dirisiwa ke mongwe le mongwe mo lefatsheng ka tsela e e laolesegang. Badirisi ba dipalamo tse di dirisa molelo, ba ditisa molelo nako le nako ba kgweetsa. Madirelo a nonofo ya motlakase e kabakanya palo e ntsi ya motlakane mo bathong.
Tiriso ya molelo mo dintlweng e sale e nna ditso. Molelo o ne o dirisiwa mo didirisiwa tsa ntwa. Hormer o ne a bua ka tiriso ya molelo ga baeteledipele ba ba gerika ba ba neng ba iphithile mo pitseng ya dikgong go fisa Troy ka na ya dintwa tsa trojan. Moragonya ba Byzantine ba ne ba dirisa molelo wa bagerika go thasela dikepe le banna, Ka nako ya ntwa ya ntlha ya lefatshe, batho ba ntlha ba ba ne ba tika melelo e ne e le dithopha tsa ntwa, gape go dikoloi tsa ntwa dine di agegile sentle. mo dintweng tse di neng tsa tla morago, dibetsa tsa ganyaolo di ne di dirisiwa ke Axis le Allies go tshwana, thatathata ko Tokyo, Rotterdam,lontone, Hamburg le Dresden, mo tiragalong tse pedi tse, ntwa ya melelo e ne simolodisiwa ka bomo e mo one molelo o ne o dikologa toropo, o ne wa gogelwa mo teng . Masole a difofane a Amerika le one a dirisa dibetsa tse kgathanong le Japane ka nako ya bone ya ntwa, mme se sa senyaka matlo a ne a agilwe ka dikgong le di pampiri. Tiriso ya leokwane e ne ya simolola ka kgwedi ya Phukwi ka ngwaga wa 1944, ko bofelo jwa ntwa ya bobedi, ntswa tiriso ya lone ga e a ka kgathegelwa ke sechba go fithelela ntwa ya Vietnam. Sebetsa sa kganyaqolo se se dirilweng ka leokwane le yone e ne e dirisiwa.
Tiriso jaaka leokwane[baakanya | edit source]
Leokwane fa le tshubiwa le ntshang nonofo e e bothokwa Dikgong ke kgale di dirisiwa jaaka leokwane, le gompieno di a dirisiwa. Tiriso ya leokwane le tswang mo mmung jaaka petroleum, gase ya tholego le magala, mo madirelong a maokwane a kabakanya bontsi jwa motlakase lefatshe ka bophara mo bo gompienong; sethopa sa nonofo ya mafatshe e buile gore selekanyo se se masome a boferabobedi a motlakase a tswa mo metsweding e. [12] molelo mo madirelong a motlakase o dirisiwa go thuthafatsa metsi, go dira mosi o o dirisiwang ke mafetho. Mafetho a a tlaabo a dikolosa generatara ya motlakase go dira motlakase. Molelo o dirisiwa gape go dira ditiro, mo di engineng.
Dilo tse di salang morago ga go sha di bidiwa masalela kana molora, fa go lora go yone go le kwa tlase ga mogote wa motuka, go e kopane le go omelela jaaka e tshidifala, lefa go lora ga molora go le fa godimo ga mogote wa motuka.
Tshireletso le Thibelo[baakanya | edit source]
Mananeo a thibelo ya melelo ya naga lefatshe ka bophara, e ka dira gore go dirisiwe di tsela tsa go thibela jaakago dirisa lefelo la tholego le melelo e e laolesegang. [13][14][15] Go dirisa lefelo la naga la molelo go tewa molelo mongwe le mongwe o o bakilweng ke dilo tsa tholego, tse dilaqolesegang mmele di letelelwa go sha. Melelo e e laolwang ke meloelo e simolotsweng ke makalana a goromente, ko tlase ga diemo tsa loapi tse di seng kotsi.[16]
Makalana a a lwantshang melelo a teng mo mafelo a a tthabologileng go tioma le laola melelo e e sa laolesegeng Batima melelo ba ba ithuthuntshitsweng ba dirisa di dirisiwa tsa go tima molelo, dirisiwa tsa metsi jaaka polokelo ya metsi le dilo tse di timang molelo kana ba ka dirisa dilo dingwe ba lebeletse gore molelo o bakilwe ke enng.
Thibelo ya molelo e diretswe go fokotsa metswedi e e thothetsang molelo. Thibelo ya melelo e akaretsa go ruta batho gore ba ka emisa go simolola molelo jaang.[17] Mo dikago tse ditona thata dikole, thuthuntsho ya melelo e a diriwa go ruta botho gore ba ka itsaya jaang mo di kagong tse dishang. Go simolola molelo kana bomo ke molato ka fa tlase ga melawana mengwe.
Dikago tsa maemo a ntlha di thoka di dirisiwa tsa thibelo ya molelo le thibelo e e mathagathaga go fokotsa tsenyo e e ka bakwang ke molelo. Mofuta mongwe wa thebelo ya molelo ke mafelo a gasa metsi. Go oketsa thibelo ya melelo mo dikagong, di dirisiwa tsa kago le dilwana tsa ntlo mo mafatsheng aa thabologileng di a sekwasekwa go bona gore a ga di tshabelelwe ke molelo. kago ya didirisiwa tsa ntlo, go betla le dipolaseteke tse di dirisiwang mo dipalamong le mo ditirong tse dingwe di lekilwe.
Fa thibelo le tshireletso ya molelo e padiler, makalana a madi a tsa melelo ba ka thusa ka madi.
Paakanyo[baakanya | edit source]
Go na le mefuta le ditsela tse di farologaneng tse di dirisiwang , go ya mefuta wa molelo kaq na tshenyo ya molelo. Tsenyo ya molelo e ka dirwa ke dithopha tsa taolo ya dilwana, batho ba ba babalelang dikago, kana beng ba metse ka bo bone; mme fela go bitsa maitsaanape wa paakanyo ya tshenyo ya melelo, go thophilewe e le tsela e e siameng gape e babalesegile go baakanya dilwana tse sentsweng ke molelo. Bontsi jwa bone ba balwa kwa tlase ga paakanyo ya tshenyo ya metsi le molelo, gape ba ka kgona go thusa go paakanya ka bonako, ba baakanyetsa beng ba motse kana makalana a matona.[18]
Dikomponi tse di baakanyang ditshenyo tsa metsi le molelo di laolwa ke maphata a baji ba reki. Ko Calafonia, dipaakanyo tsotlhe tsa meklelo le metsi di kwadisitswe kwa tlase ga lekalana la ditumalano tsa go dira ka go bereka. [19] Mo bogompienong, lekalana le ga lena dithopha tsa paakanyo ya ditshenyo tsa metsi kana molelo. Mme ntswa lekalana le le batla setlankana e le sesupo gore ba letelelwe go paakanya ditshenyo tsa metsi le molelo.[20]
O ka tsibogela[baakanya | edit source]
Template:Portal Template:Div col
- Áed (leina le le leilweng)
- molelo o o na le mmala
- Go sha
- Go tshuba moswi
- Go tuka mo go rotloetswang ke mogote wa letsatsi
- Molelo (Tsetlana ya maemo)
- Tshekatsheko ya molelo
- kelothoko ya molelo
- Molete wa molelo
- molelo wa phefo
- kobamelo ya molelo
- Teko ya motuka
- Tsela ya botshelo e es sireletsegileng
- Maina a melelo a ditso
- maina a motswedi wa lesedi
- Boitsaanape jwa go tshuba
- Sedirisiwa se sesupa motuka wa melelo e metona e e laolesegang
- lefoko la segerika le le rayang molelo
- Go bola ga dilo tse suleng ka mogote mongwe o o rileng.
- Mokgwa o sa laolesegeng wa go simolola molelo
- Mosi
- Letunya mosi
ditshwantsho tsa tlaleletso[baakanya | edit source]
-
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Setshwantsho:tshimololo ya motuka e e bonya.
Tse di latelang ke tse di dirisitsweng go batla kitso e e kwadilweng fa[baakanya | edit source]
- ↑ Template:Cite document
- ↑ Helmenstine, Anne Marie. "What is the State of Matter of Fire or Flame? Is it a Liquid, Solid, or Gas?". About.com. http://chemistry.about.com/od/chemistryfaqs/f/firechemistry.htm. Retrieved 2009-01-21
- ↑ Lentile, et al. , 319
- ↑ Spiral flames in microgravity, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 2000.
- ↑ CFM-1 experiment resultsTemplate:Dead link, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, April 2005.
- ↑ LSP-1 experiment resultsTemplate:Dead link, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, April 2005.
- ↑ "Pyropen Cordless Soldering Irons" (PDF). http://www.cooperhandtools.com/europe/sales_literature/documents/WellerPyropen_GB.pdf.
- ↑ "A Book of Steam for Engineers", The Stirling Company, 1905
- ↑ Begon, M., J.L. Harper and C.R. Townsend. 1996. Ecology: individuals, populations, and communities , Third Edition. Blackwell Science Ltd., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Template:Cite doi
- ↑ [56]
- ↑ ""Share of Total Primary Energy Supply", 2002; International Energy Agency". http://www.iea.org/statlist/index.htm.Template:Dead link
- ↑ Federal Fire and Aviation Operations Action Plan , 4.
- ↑ Template:Vancite web
- ↑ Template:Vancite journal
- ↑ Template:Vancite web
- ↑ Fire & Life Safety EducationTemplate:Dead link, Manitoba Office of the Fire Commissioner
- ↑ Begal, Bill (August 23, 2007). "Restoration With a Capital E-P-A: A Case Study". Restoration & Remediation. http://www.randrmagonline.com/CDA/Archives/BNP_GUID_9-5-2006_A_10000000000000156172. Retrieved 2008-04-11.
- ↑ "California Contractors State License Board". State of California. http://www.cslb.ca.gov/. Retrieved 2010-08-29.
- ↑ "What You Should Know About Your Water Damage Or Mold Removal Company:". Rapco West Environmental Services, Inc.. http://www.rapcowest.com/water.html. Retrieved 2010-08-29.
tshekatsheko ya bakwadi[baakanya | edit source]
- Template:Cite document Template:Dead link
- Haung, Kai. 2009. Palo ya batho le dikago tsa dintlha tsa amang palo ya melelo ya bonno jwa batho mo ditoropong tse ditona tsa Amerika. Tshekatsheko e e dirilwe . ko mmadikole wa Texas TXstate.edu
- Template:Vancite journal
- Kosman, Admiel: Molelo o rileng. In: Thu, Ferikgong 13, 2011.
==Dikgoge tsa kwa ntle ==
- Molelo o bereka jang at Dilo di bereka jang
- Molelo ke eng? go tswa ka thamalalo
- {0mo molelong,Adobe Flash-go tswa mo ithuthuntshong ya maranyane koNOVA (TV series)
- melelo ya batho ba ntlha BBC mekwalo ka bo itemogelo jwa baitsaanape.
- Motuka mo lefaufaungTemplate:Dead link
- Melelo e rileng mo lefaufaung
- moebuildingcontrol.co.uk - UK ditaelo tsa tshireletso ya melelo le botekiniki jwa molelo.
- mokgwatho wa thibelo ya molelo ya Smokey Bear
- tiriso ya molelo go ijesa monateka sedirisiwa sa motuka


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Toropo ya Jwaneng
Coordinates: 24°35′53″S 024°43′45″E / 24.59806°S 24.72917°E
Jwaneng ke toropo e e mo kgaolong ya Borwa jwa Botswana, mme ga e bontlha bongwe e, ka go nna kgaolwana, ka lekgotla la yone. [1]
Ditso[baakanya | edit source]
Toropo e e tlhamilwe go dikologa moepo wa teemane wa Jwaneng, o o tsewang e le mengwe ya meepo e e humileng mo lefatsheng ka bophara ka diteemane tsa one tsa maemo a a kwa godimo. Pele e ne e le "toropo e e tswalegileng", se se raya gore fa motho a botla go ya teng o ne a tlhoka teseletso go tsweng kwa beng ba moepo, Debswana.
Dipalamo[baakanya | edit source]
Toropo le moepo di ne di direlwa ke kompone ya dipalamo tsa difofane ya Jwaneng.
Jwaneng o gatela pele[baakanya | edit source]
Mothusa Ratoropo wa pele wa Jwaneng, Rre Moshe Gare a re toropo ya Jwaneng e gatetse pele mo ditlhabololong di tshwana le dikole, dikokelwana le mafelo a mnagwe a setshaba se bonang dithuso mo go one. A re dikole tsa Jwaneng tse dikgolwane di tsweletse ka go dira bontle fela thata. Rre Gare a re mo bogompienong, toropo ya Jwaneng e na le dikokelwana di le tharo nngwe ya tsone e le e e belegisang. A re dikokelwana tse ga di a itebaganyana le banni ba toropo eo fela, mme di thusa le ba metsana e e mabapi. O tlotlomaditse lefelo le le tlhokomelang bana la Mpule Kwelagobe Childrens Centre a re le thusa bana, sebe sa phiri ke gore le lenabwe ke kgwetlho ya tlhaelo ya ditsompelo, mme a gwetlha Batswana ka kakaretso go otlolola letsogo go thusa. A re go na le bana ba ba fetang masome a mabedi ba ba santseng ba letile go ya go nna teng mme ka ntata ya letlhoko ga go ise go kgonege. Tse dingwe ditlhabololo a re ke tse di tsisitsweng ke dikompone tsa Cut 8 tse di hirilweng ke moepo wa Debswana.A re dikompone tse di tlhamile mebereko e bile di tsisitse ditlhabololo.Rre Gare o supile fa nako ya boipuso e le sebaka se Batswana ba tshwanetseng go ikanoka ba lebe kwa ba go tswang le kwa ba go yang.
Dikgoge tsa kwa ntle[baakanya | edit source]
Dipadi tse dingwe[baakanya | edit source]
- ↑ Melao ya Botswna, lephata la selegae.

robotstxt: allowed

filter: keep


text:
Dimmepe le ditsela tsa go ya teng
Kwa YBB e ka bonwang gone
Dimmepe le ditsela tsa go ya teng
Ofisi ya Setheo [1]
Khamphase ya Mafikeng [2]
Khamphase ya Potchefstroom [3]
Khamphase ya Khutlotharo ya Lekwa [4]
- Ofisi ya Setheo -
Mmepe tsa tsela: Ofisi ya Setheo [5]
Ditsela tsa go ya teng
N12 GO TSWA KWA JOHANNESBURG:
Tsamaya ka N12 go ya Potchefstroom. Mo robotong ya botlhano morago ga go tsena ka Potchefstroom, tsena ka fa molemeng mo tseleng ya Govan Mbeki Drive (Mooirivier Drive). Mmolo o moswa wa Mooi River o tla bo o le ka fa mojeng wa gago. Tsamaya ka tsela eo mme o fete marekelo a Riverwalk, McDonald's le Kentucky, tsotlhe di le ka fa molemeng wa gago. Tsena ka fa molemeng mo tseleng ya Chief Albert Luthuli Drive (Von Wielligh Street) kwa robotong ya bone, T-junction, ka bonako fela fa o sena go kgabaganya borogo jo bonnye. Tsamaya ka tsela eo mme o kgabaganye diroboto tse pedi tse di latelang. O tla bona Totius Memorial ka fa molemeng wa gago. Kwa marakanelong a a latelang a ditsela, mo go emeng four-way stop gone, tsena ka fa mojeng mo tseleng ya Hoffman Street. Tsamaya ka tsela eo mme o kgabaganye di-four-way stop tse pedi tse di latelang. Fa o fitlha fa four-way stop ya bone, tsena ka fa molemeng go ela kwa botsenong jo bo nang le badisa jwa Ofisi ya Setheo (Moago wa C1).
N12 GO TSWA KWA KLERKSDORP:
Kwa robotong ya boraro, tsena ka fa molemeng mo tseleng ya Beyers Naude Avenue (Kruger Street), ka bonako fela fa o sena go kgabaganya borogo. Tswelela ka yone tsela eo. Kwa setopong sa bone, Beyers Naude Avenue e fetoga go nna Hoffman Street. Tswelela ka mmila ono. Tsena ka fa molemeng fa o fitlha fa four-way stop ya bone go ela kwa kwa botsenong jo bo nang le badisa jwa Ofisi ya Setheo (Moago wa C1).
R53 GO TSWA KWA VENTERSDORP:
Fa o sena go feta artillery school mess ka fa molemeng, tsena ka fa molemeng kwa robotong mo tseleng ya Meyer Street. Tswelela ka tsela eo mme o fete bookelo jwa Medi-Clinic ka fa mojeng wa gago. Kgabaganya di-four-way stop tse pedi o bo o kgabaganye le borogo. Ka bonako fela fa o sena go kgabaganya borogo, tsena ka fa mojeng mo mmileng wa Hoffman Street. Tsena ka fa molemeng fa o fitlha fa four-way stop e e latelang go ela kwa kwa botsenong jo bo nang le badisa jwa Ofisi ya Setheo (Moago wa C1).
Kaelo ya GPS:
Degrees, Minutes, Seconds
26º41´36´´S , 27º05´35´´E
Degrees, Decimal Minutes
26º41.610´S , 27º05.584´E
Decimal Degrees
26.693492ºS , 27.093062ºE
Mmepe wa tsela: Khamphase ya Mafikeng [6]
Ditsela tsa go ya teng
R53 GO TSWA KWA POTCHEFSTROOM:
Tswelela ka R53 go tswa Potchefstroom go ya Ventersdorp. Tswelela ka N14 go tswa Ventersdorp go ya Coligny. Tswelela ka R503 go tswa Potchefstroom go ya Ventersdorp. Tswelela ka R503 go tswa Lichtenburg go fitlha Mafikeng. Tswelela ka N18 go ya Yunibesiting ya Bokone-Bophirima, Khamphase ya Mafikeng.
N14 GO TSWA KWA KRUGERSDORP:
Go tswa kwa Johannesburg tsaya tsela e e yang Krugersdorp. Fa o le kwa Krugersdorp, tsena mo tseleng ya N14 go ya Ventersdorp. Tswelela ka N14 go ya Coligny. Tsamaya ka R503 go tswa Coligny go ya Lichtenburg. Tswelela ka R503 go tswa Lichtenburg go fitlha kwa Mafikeng. Fa o tsena ka Mafikeng o le mo tseleng ya Nelson Mandela Drive, tlhamalala ka yone tsela eo dikilometara di ka nna supa. Fa o sena go feta Karatshe ya Sasol, o tla bona Mmabatho Palms Hotel ka fa mojeng wa gago. Tsena ka fa molemeng fa robotong fa pele ga hotele o tsene mo tseleng ya Albert Luthuli. Tswelela o kgweetse lobaka lwa dikilometara di le 2.5. Kgabaganya seporo mme o ipaakanyetse go bona diroboto tse di go laelang go tlhamalala (o se ka wa thinyela ka fa molemeng). Batla tora ya metsi ka fa molemeng wa gago. Kwa dirobotong tse di latelang, tsena ka fa mojeng mo botsenong jwa Khamphase ya Mafikeng.
Kaelo ya GPS:
S25º49´44´´
E25º36´32´´
Mmepe wa tsela: Khamphase ya Potchefstroom [8]
Ditsela tsa go ya teng
N12 GO TSWA KWA JOHANNESBURG:
Tsamaya ka tselakgolo ya N12 go tswa kwa Johannesburg go ya Potchefstroom. Kwa robotong ya botlhano fa o sena go tsena ka Potchefstroom (Mmolo wa MooiRivier o tla bo o le ka fa mojeng wa gago), Tsamaya ka tsela eo mme o fete marekelo a Riverwalk, McDonald's le KFC, tsotlhe di le ka fa molemeng wa gago. Tsena ka fa molemeng mo tseleng ya Chief Albert Luthuli Drive (Von Wielligh Street) kwa robotong ya bone, T-junction, ka bonako fela fa o sena go kgabaganya borogo jo bonnye. Tsamaya ka tsela eo mme o kgabaganye diroboto tse pedi tse di latelang. O tla bona Totius Memorial ka fa molemeng wa gago. Kwa marakanelong a a latelang a ditsela, mo go emeng four-way stop gone, tsena ka fa mojeng mo tseleng ya Hoffman Street. Mmila o felela fa botsenong jo bo nang le badisa kwa Khamphaseng ya Potchefstroom.
N12 FROM KLERKSDORP:
Kwa robotong ya boraro, tsena ka fa molemeng mo tseleng ya Beyers Naude Avenue (Kruger Street), ka bonako fela fa o sena go kgabaganya borogo. Tswelela ka yone tsela eo. Kwa setopong ya bone, Beyers Naude Avenue e fetoga go nna Hoffman Street. Tswelela ka mmila ono - o felela fa botsenong jo bo nang le badisa kwa Khampaseng ya Potchefstroom.
R53 GO TSWA KWA VENTERSDORP:
Fa o sena go feta artillery school mess ka fa molemeng, tsena ka fa molemeng kwa robotong mo tseleng ya Meyer Street. Tswelela ka tsela eo mme o fetse bookelo jwa Medi-Clinic ka fa mojeng wa gago. Kgabaganya di-four-way stop tse pedi o bo o kgabaganye le borogo. Ka bonako fela fa o sena go kgabaganya borogo, tsena ka fa mojeng mo mmileng wa Hoffman Street. Mmila o felela fa botsenong jo bo nang le badisa kwa Khamphaseng ya Potchefstroom.
Kaelo ya GPS:
S26º41´26´´
E27º05´36´´
-Khamphase ya Khutlotharo ya Lekwa
Mmepe wa khampase: Khamphase ya Khutlotharo ya Lekwa [10]
Mmepe wa tsela [11]
Ditsela tsa go ya teng
R59 GO TSWA KWA JOHANNESBURG:
Tswelela ka R59 o fete Alberton go ya Vereeniging, kgabaganya Vereeniging mme o tsene ka R42 go ya Vanderbijlpark. Kwa robotong kwa Pick ‘n Pay tsena ka fa molemeng, kgabaganya fourway stop mme o kgabaganye fourway stop e e latelang. Fa o fitlha fa three-way stop (River Spray e le kafa molemeng wa gago), tsena ka fa mojeng, kgabaganya roboto o tsena ka tsela ya Hendrik van Eck Boulevard, khamphase e ka fa molemeng wa gago.
N1 (TSELAKGOLO YA SAMENTE) GO TSWA KWA JOHANNESBURG:
Tsamaya ka tselakgolo eno o tsene ka tollgate. Kgabaganya fourway stop, kgabaganya diroboto tse pedi, kgweeletsa go ela kwa Sasolburg o bo o tsena ka tsela e e fapogelang ka fa molemeng, tsena ka fa molemeng o bo o sala morago disaene tse di go kaelang go ya kwa khamphaseng.
N12 GO TSWA KWA KLERKSDORP:
Tsamaya ka N12 (Joe Slovo Road) go ela kwa Potchefstroom (N12 - Nelson Mandela Drive). Tsena ka fa mojeng o tsene ka R53 (Parys Avenue) o bo o tlhamalala ka R53, tsela e obegela go sekae ka fa molemeng fa tseleng ya R42. Tlhamalala mme o tsene ka fa mojeng mo tseleng ya R57 (Golden Highway). Tsena ka fa molemeng mo tseleng ya Ravel Street o bo o tlhamalala ka Beethoven Street – o tlhamalele o bo o tsene ka Frikkie Meyer Street, morago ga moo mo tseleng e e fapogang e e tsenang ka Hendrick van Eck Boulevard. Tswelela jalo go fitlha o goroga kwa YBB ya Lekwa ka fa mojeng.
Kaelo ya GPS:
S26°43’31.0”
E27°52’ 45.2”


text:
Motse wa Pandamatenga
Pandamatenga ke motse o mo kgaolong ya Bokone-bophirima jwa, Botswana. Motse o o gaufi le molelwane wa Zimbabwe, lefelo la molelwane o le itsewe ka leina la Pandamatenga.
Kgwebo ya tsa temo-thuo e dirwa thata mo masimong a dikaganyeditseng motse wa Pandamatenga, kwa go tlhagileng metlhale e mecha ya didirisiwa tsa temo thuo go tsweng Australia tse di tokafaditseng seemo sa tsa temo thuo.[1] Palo batho kwa Pandamatenga ka ngwaga wa 2001 e ne le 1545.[2]
Contents
Banni ba kopiwa go nna le seabe mo ditlhabololong[baakanya | edit source]
Mothusa tona wa lephata la dikgaolo Rre Maxwell Motowane o kopile banni ba motse wa Pandamatenga go nna le seabe mo ditlhabololong tsa motse wa bone.Mo phuthegong ya kgotla kwa motseng oo bosheng, Rre Motowane o kopile banni ba motse oo gore ba bope makgotlana a ka one ba ka thusang puso go tlhabolola motse ya bone.A re komiti ya ditlhabololo tsa motse e le nosi ga e ka ke ya kgona go tlhabolola motse e le yosi ntswa go na le methale mengwe e ba ka e dirisang go bopagana ba tlhabolola motse.O ne a tlhalosa gore makgotlana kgotsa dikomiti di tshwana le tsa distrust di kgona go tlhabolola motse di thusana le puso fa e tlhaelelang teng.Rre Motowane a re fa dikomiti tse di itlamile go dira mmogo, ba kgobokanya megopolo ba dirisana le kgosi, mokhanselara wa kgaolo ditlhabololo di ka nna teng.O ne a ba kopa gore ba batle megopolo e ka yone ba ka tsholetsang leina la motse wa bone ka lone, a tlatsa ka gore puso e tlhoka go ka tsewa tema ka e ka se kgone e le nosi.O ne a tlhalosa gore ditiro tsa puso di dintsi, ka jalo e ka se di kgone e le nosi ka e bile le one madi tota a se yo malatsing ano, mme palo ya Batswana, masiela, ba na le bogole le botlhe ba ba thusiwang ke puso dipalo tsa bone di ntse di ya magololetsa.
Mo go tse dingwe Rre Motowane o ne a lekodisa banni ba motse wa Pandamatenga ka melao kakanyetso e e builweng kwa palamenteng e akaretsa molao kakanyetso wa go tlhomamisa semolao makgotlana a tshwana le a di VDC le a metse e e tlhomilweng gore ke yone e ditlamelo di tlaa isiwang kwa bathong mo go yone (service centres).A re go lebaka makgotlana a go nna jalo a bereka fela mme a sa beiwa ka fa molaong kgotsa go se na melawana e e e tlamang.
Dituelo di kokonela banni ba Pandamatenga[baakanya | edit source]
Banni ba motse wa Pandamatenga mo kgaolong ya Chobe ba lela ka dituelo tse di kwa godimo tsa metsi.Banni ba ntshitse selelo se mo phuthegong ya kgotla, e e neng e tshwerwe ke mopalamente wa kgaolo ya bone, Rre Gibson Nshimwe kwa motseng oo bosheng. Ba kaile fa e sale koporasi ya metsi ya Water Utilities e tsaya mo go ba khansele le Water Affairs ba duela madi a mantsi.Ba re e re le ntswa puso e re ba intshe mo lehumeng ka go nna le ditshingwana tsa merogo mo malwapeng, ga ba bone gore ba tlaa kgona ka gore ditshingwana tseo di tsile go batla metsi a mantsi.Mo go tse dingwe, banni ba ne ba kaya fa mananeo a puso e a dirang go thusa Batswana, a sa ba solegele mosola ka go nne ba nna fela mo lefelong la diphologolo le bojanala mme e bile le lone leruo la bone ga ba kgone go le rekisa ka kwa ntle ga kgaolo.Ba file sekai se sengwe, sa molawana wa thekiso ya matlalo a diphologolo, ba re ga ba na go boelwa ke sepe ka ntlha ya bolwetse jwa tlhako le molomo mo kgaolong ya bone.
Mo go tse dingwe banni ba ne ba lela ka ofisi ya motlakase gore motse wa bone o motona e bile o na le motlakase mme ga ba na kwa ba o rekang teng fa e se kwa Kasane fela, dikhilomethara di le lekgolo go tswa mo motseng wa bone.Mongwe wa batsenelela diphuthego e Mme Sarah Tlou o ne a bua ka pelo e e botlhoko gore e re le mopalamente a bua ka molao gore jaanong dikgwebo tse dipotlana di tsile go sireletswa, beng ba marekisetso a mogolwane ga ba ba tshedise sentle.Mme Tlou o kaile fa beng ba marekisetso ba ba koba fa pele ga marekisetso a bone ba re ba ba tseela kgwebo ntswa ba sa rekise sepe se se tshwanang le sa bone.Monana wa motse Johnson Moyo, ene o ne a kopa mopalamente gore banana ba kgaolo ya Chobe le ba motse wa Panadamatenga ba saletse kwa morago le gone go ineela mo nnotaging ka ntlha ya gore ga go na kwa ba ka itlosang bodutu teng.E rile a tswa la gagwe, mopalamente a ba bolelela ka mananeo a puso a LIMID le ISPAADD a ba ithusang ka one e le balemi barui.Rre Nshimwe o ne a ba tlhalosetsa gape le ka ditlhabololo tse di tlaa diragalang mo kgaolong ya bone jaaka go katolosiwa ga lebala la difofane, go simolodiwa ga Zambezi Agro farming le kago ya borogo jwa Kazungula.
Dikgoge tsa kwa ntle[baakanya | edit source]
Botswana /Pandamatenga Botswana
Dipadi tse dingwe[baakanya | edit source]
- ↑ "Masedi Farms records impressive produce". Botswana Press Agency (BOPA). http://www.gov.bw/cgi-bin/news.cgi?d=20051212&i=Masedi_Farms_records_impressive_produce. Retrieved 2007-12-08. Template:Dead link
- ↑ "Distribution of population by sex by villages and their associated localities: 2001 population and housing census". Archived from the original on 2007-11-24. http://web.archive.org/web/20071124145529/http://www.cso.gov.bw/html/census/dist70_71_72_73.html. Retrieved 2007-12-08.
Coordinates: 18°32′35″S 25°38′35″E / 18.54306°S 25.64306°E


text:
Kereke ya Sion
Kereke ya Sion(kgotsa ZCC) ke nngwe ya dikereke tse ditona tse di tlhomilweng mo borwa jwa Aferika, ka maloko a a balelwang mo Sioneng ya Leeba le ba bangwe ba ba mo go ya Moitshepi Eyenase.Ntlo kgolo ya Sion e ko toropong ya Sion Moria mo Limpopo,Aferika Borwa,mme ebile dikereke tse pedi tse di eteletswe pele ke Barnabas Lekganyane le Moitshepi Eyenase Lekganyane ba e leng bana ba bana ba mosimolodi wa kereke e.
MALOBENG[baakanya | edit source]
Sion e tlhamilwe dikete tse di lesome le borobabongwe,ngwaga dile lesome(ke gore 1910) tse di fitileng e tlhamiwa ke Eyenase Lekganyane yo e neng ele leloko la kereke ya Free Church of Scotland,Apostolic Faith Mission le kereke ya Zion Apostolic Church. Maloko a Sion a setse morago tshedimosetso e go bolelwang Lekganyane are o e amogetse gotswa ko Modimong ka ngwaga wa 1910. Kereke mo tshimologong ene ele mo motseng o Lekganyane a goletseng mo go one eleng Thabakgone, gaufi le Polokwane mo porofenseng ya Limpopo mo Aferika Borwa, mme ene ya kwadisiwa semmuso ele kereke ka ngwaga wa 1942, mo ngwageng o, Sione ene e setse e nale diphuthego mo Botswana le Zimbabwe. Kereke ya pele ene e kgothadiwa thata ke dithuto tsa bakereseke ba Khatholiki ba John Alexander Dowie,yo o neng a nna mo Zion, Lllinois ko Amerika le dithuto tsa moreri wa mopentakosete John G Lake, yo o simolotseng tiro mo Johannesburg ka 1908.
SE SIONE ELENG SONE[baakanya | edit source]
- Tumelo ya gore moeteledipele wa kereke(bishopo) ke moemedi ka Keresete fa gare ga Kereke le Modimo, mme fela jaaka Keresete oka dira metlholo ya masaitseweng le phodiso ya tumelo mo leineng la Morena Jeso Keresete.
- Tumedi ya gore baeteledipele kgotsa baruti ba ZCC baka dirisa moya yo Boitshepo go fodisa. Template:Ref
- Tiriso ya metlhale e farologaneng ka tumelo ya phodiso. Metlhale e e akasetse go baya diatla,tiriso ya metsi a boitshepo, go nwa tee e e boitshepo le go apara megala kgotsa diaparo tse di boitshepo.
- Mebala ya Kereke ke botala ba ditlhare, mmala wa lephutshe,o mosetlha bosweu, botala jwa loapi, merone le se se setlha.
- Mmala wa botala jwa ditlhare le mmala wa lephutshe ke wa seaparo sa borre le bomme ebile se bidiwa "seaparo se segolo". Diaparo tsa Khakhi ke tsa Mokhukhu(di nale sekopelo) kgotsa di aparwa ke banna ba ba nang le Moitshepi Eyenase(ka sekopelo sa leeba). Diaparo tsa botala jwa loapi ke tsa bomme ebile di bidiwa 'khwaere ya bomme'; di kile tsabo di aparwa ka Tshipi. Go nale gape seaparo tsa khakhi se se nang le jeresi e mmala wa botala jwa ditlhare ele sa 'khwaere ya bomme' mme ebile ba se apara ka Tshipi. Seaparo se se setlha ke sa borre le bomme ba ba opelang "NKEDI" .Mebala ya merone le yo mosweu ke e e aparwang ke ba ba thusang ka ditiro tsa Kereke ko Motseng mogolo wa Sion.
- Ka gore Kereke e rera molaetsa wa kagiso, ba simolola madume a bone ka gore 'KGOTSONG KGOTSA KGOTSO A E BE LE LENA (KGOTSO E BE LE LENA)' ba raya gore "peace be unto you" ka loleme la Mmamosadinyana(kgotsa sekgowa).Kereke ya Sione e thaegile ka Kagiso le tlotlo gammogo le lorato la Modimo.
- Kereke ya Sione e nale bukana ya yone e e bidiwang "Messenger" . Go bapa le melaetsa ya maloko a kereke,bukana e e nale ditiragalo ka bophara tse di diragalang mo diphuthegong ka go farologana go anama le lefatshe.(jaaka go etela Mookamedi kgotsa beshopo)
- Go nale lefelo le lengwe le Sione e leng gone go paba le Pudingwana kgotsa Podingwane(Podungwane). Lefelo le ke gone fa lantlha ntlo kgolo ya Sione e neng ele teng pele e fudugela ko Moria.Botswana
- Basadi ga ba tseye karolo mo go rereng.
TUMELO[baakanya | edit source]
Maloko a Sione ka kakaretsoTemplate:Ref a dumela gore:
- Motho o bolokwa ka go amogela Keresete le go kolobediwa mo leineng la Rara, le la Morwa le la moya yo boitshepo(Beebela, Matheio 28:19).
- Motho o rapela (Jehofa, Yawe, ...) mo leineng la Jeso Keresete. Rotlhe re tlhodilwe ke Modimo.
- Tlhatso ya dibe e bonwa fela ka go ipolela, boikotlhao le go rapela.
- Moemedi(bishopo) le badiredi ba Sione ba rera Enfangedi ya Jeso Keresete jaaka e beilwe mo baebeleng.
DIPADI[baakanya | edit source]
- Template:Note Tshedimosetso goya ka goromente wa Aferika Borwa
- Template:Note Anderson, A., 1999. "Bo Lekganyane le Seporofito mo kerekeng ya Sione", Bukana ya tumedi mo Aferika , xxix - 3
- Template:Note Hanekom, C., 1975. Krisis en Kultus : Geloofsopvattinge en seremonies binne 'n Swart Kerk , Academica: Kaapstad en Petori
- Motshwaraganyi Tlhako "Kereke tse pedi dikgolo mo borwa jwa Aferika (The two largest churches in Southern Africa)", 2010, bagatisi ba 'Maltipular Senior'
DIPADI TSE DINGWE[baakanya | edit source]
- Joyce, Peter. 1989. Ditumedi mo Aferika. Letlotlo la Ensakelopedia yaAferika Borwa. Kapa: Struik.
- Lukhaimane, Khelebeni Elias. 1980. "Kereke ya Sione ya ga (Enyenase) Lekganyane, 1924 go ya 1948: An African Experiment with Christianity." Diss., Mmadikolo ya bokone.
- Vilakazi, Absolom, Bongani Mthethwa, le Mthembi Mpanza. 1986. Shembe: The Revitalization of African Society. Johannesburg: Skotaville.
- Motshwaraganyi Tlhako."tlhotlhomiso ka dikereke tse di farologaneng tsa bakeresete ("Reseacher about different types of Christian Churches")


text:
Mopipi
Mopipi ke motse wa Botswana. O na le baagi ba le 3.066 (2001). Mopipi o mo kgaolwaneng ya Boteti e e mo kgaolong ya Legare. Mopipi o dikhilomithara di le masome a matlhano le bobedi go tswa mo toropong ya Orapa fa o ya ko Maun Motse o, o dikaganyeditswe ke Makgadikgadi a Nxai le Makgadikgadi. Makgadikgadi a go dumelwa gore a kile a bo e le matsha, mme ka go kgotlelesega ga tikologo metsi a kgala ga helela e le makgadikgadi a a letswai. Banni ba motse o, ba kile ba bo ba tshela ka tlhapi ka nako e Noka ya Boteti e neng e tshela.


text:
Xakao
Xakao ke motsana yo mo kgaolong ya bokone botlhaba jwa Botswana O bonwa gaufi le molelwane wa Namibia, fa noka ya Okavangoe tsenang teng mo Botswana Mo palo bathong ya ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bongwe dipalo tsa batho ba ba nnang mo motseng o dine di tsamaya ko seketeng le masome a mane le borobabongwe.
Banni ba namolwa mo luhumeng la nta ya tlhogo[baakanya | edit source]
Kago ya matlo a le masome a robabongwe le motso ka tlhwatlhwa ya P840 000 a a agelwang batho ba ba neng ba tlhasetswe ke morwalela mo kgaolong ya Okavango ngogola e tsweletse sentle.Molomaganya ditiro tsa lenaneo la Ipelegeng wa kgaolo ya Okavango, Rre Ogoditsemang Seleme o boletse mo potsolotsong gore mo palong eo go setse go fedile matlo a le lesome le borobabobedi fa a mangwe a le masome a mararo a solofetswe go fela mo kgweding eno ya Mopitlo.Rre Seleme a re mangwe a matlo ao a solofetswe go agwa kwa Xakao, kwa go solofetswe go agwa matlo ale 29, Gunotsoga 15, Kauxwi a le 14, Eretsha a le matlhano, mme kwa Ikoga, Sepopa le Gudigwa go solofetswe go agwa matlo a le mane motse mongwe le mongwe fa kwa motseng wa Kajaja go solofetswe go agwa ntlo ele nngwe fela[1].
Babereki ba Ipelegeng ba maoto a tshupa mo tirong[baakanya | edit source]
Le fa gontse jalo, Rre Seleme o ngongoregetse batho ba ba berekang mo lenaneong la Ipelegeng ka go nna boitseme mo tirong ya bone, selo se a rileng se nyafatsa ditiro tsa Ipelegeng mo kgaolong ya Okavango.A re o setse a lemogile gore go na le bagolwane bangwe ba ba palelwang ke boikarabelo jwa go laola babereki ba bone kwa tirong ka lebaka la gore bangwe ke ditsala le masika jalo, jalo.A re ke gangwe le gape a fitlhela babereki bangwe ba seyo mo tirong, bangwe ba tla morago ga nako, bangwe ba ngwega mo tirong fa bangwe ba fitlhelwa ba ntse ka fa tlase ga ditlhare ka nako ya tiro se se leng kgatlhano le tsamaiso ya puso kgotsa melawana ya tsa pereko.O kopile badiri bao go dira tiro ya bone ka botswerere, bonatla, bofefo le ka mowa wa boipelego le lorato go tsholetsa itsholelo ya lefatshe la bone e e ikaegileng ka bone.Rre Seleme a re yo o sa kgoneng go bereka o ka sutela yo mongwe go tsweledisa tiro ya puso.
Dipadi tse dingwe[baakanya | edit source]
Coordinates: 18°18′27″S 21°53′22″E / 18.30750°S 21.88944°E


text:
Motsana wa Moshaweng
Moshaweng ke motse yo mo kgaolong ya Kweneng e e mo Botswana. O dikhilomethara tse di masome a borataro mo bophirima jwa motse wa Molepolole. Palo ya batho ba Moshaweng e ne e le makgolo a borobabongwe,masome a bosupa le bone mo palo bathong ya ngwaga wa 2001.[1]
Contents
Borokgwe le kgotla di sela mmapa[baakanya | edit source]
Kgosi Rantsimane Banyatsi wa Moshaweng o buile a sa kgwe mathe ka go latlhega ga ngwao ya setswana.Kgosi Banyatsi o ne a bua jalo a amogela baeng kwa dikgaisanyong tsa banana tsa ngwao kwa Letlhakeng ka mafelo a beke.O ne a itebagantse le banana ba ba neng ba tsile dikgaisanyong, a re go tlhabisa ditlhong go bo ba basetsana ba apere marokgwe ntswa ba ne ba itse gore dikgaisanyo tseo di tshwaretswe mo kgotleng.O ne a bolelela banana gore ka ngwao ya Setswana, mosadi ga a letlelelwe go tsena mo kgotleng a apere borokgwe, mme e bile le rre o tshwanetse a role hutshe fa a tsena ka lekgotla.Kgosi Banyatsi a re seo ke tlotlo e bile ke tlholego ya kgotla, ka jalo a re go kgalemelwe fela thata gore go tle go nne le pharologano.Mo dikgaisanyong tseo, banana ba Moshaweng ba nnile bommampodi.Ya bo e le semphete ke go fete mo kgotleng ya Letlhakeng banana ba kgaolo ba kopane go gaisana, mme ba Moshaweng ba ikgapela sekgele mo dikhwaereng ga mmogo le bodiragatsi fa sekgele sa mmino sone se tserwe ke banana ba Mantshwabisi Dikgaisanyo tse, ke maiteko a ga tautona a go ntsha banana mo ditseleng tse di makgaphila, le go ba rotloetsa go dirisa dineo tsa bone go itshetsa.
E rile a tswa la gagwe, modiri mo lephateng la bodiragatsi le ngwao, Rre Bopelo Gaothusi a bolela fa banana ka bontsi, bogolo jang ba ba sa direng, ba inaakantse le diritibatsi, nnotagi, le go senya, mme ka jalo Tautona o ne a bona go tshwanela gore go nne le sengwe se ba ka intshang boduto ka sone. Rre Gaothusi a re bodiragatsi le mmino ke go naya banana sebaka sa go itumela, go ipela le go abelana botsipa le boitsaanape jwa neo ya Modimo.O ne a ba kgothatsa gore ba tsee boikarabelo mme ba dire ka natla, a re ka madi a ba a boneng ba tshwanetse ba dire sengwe sa itshetso, gona le go jela mo ganong.Le fa go ntse jalo, kgosi o ne a lebogela thulaganyo ya ga tautona a tlatsa a re mogolo o ne a bolela a re tshaba e senang ngwao e latlhegile ka jalo a re tautona o buseletsa ngwao gore Batswana ba seka ba latlhega. E rile a itibaganya le magosana a motse wa Letlhakeng, a bolela fa go tlhabisa ditlhong gore e re ba etetswe ba nne moriti o tsididi go iponatsa kwa kgotleng.A re ka tshwanelo, baeng ba ne ba tshwanetse ba fitlhele beng gae kwa kgotleng ga mmogo le ba dikomiti tsa tlhabololo ya motse ka bobedi, a tlatsa a re sago la moeng le bewa ke mong gae Go lebelelela dikgaisano e ne le mopalamente wa kgaolo Rre Liakat Kably, mokhanselera le dikgosi tsa motse wa Mantshwabisi, Moshaweng, Khudumelapye le Malwelwe.E rile a fa malebo mopalamente Kably o ne a kopa banana go fedisa ngwao ya dipolaano.Rre Kably a re go ategile ngwao e sa siamang ya dipolaano, a tlatsa a re ngwao ke boitshwaro le tlotlo.O ne a re bogologolo e ne e re batho ba tlhoka kwitlwisisanyo, balwe ka moretwa, e seng dithipana le ditlhobolo tsa malatsing ano.Mopalamente o kopile banana go tswa mo nnotaging a re e ruta maitsholo a makgapila a tshwana le a boganka le go tlhoka tsebe.E rile a itibaganya le ba ba sa fenyang mo dikgaisanong, Rre Kably o ne a ba kgotlhatsa gore ba seka ba ineela mme ba ikiteye sehuba go ithutuntsha go dira ka nata mo dikgaisanong tse di latelang.Kwa Kgaolong ya Letlhakeng Bophirima, setlhopa sa banana ba Tsetseng se dule ka tse di tsididi mo dikgaisanong tsa moopelo.
Boikuelo jwa banni ba Moshaweng[baakanya | edit source]
Banni ba motse wa Moshaweng mo kgaolong potlana ya Letlhakeng ba lela ka tsela ya Molepolole/Moshaweng ba re ga e a siama.Ba boleletse modulasitilo wa Khansele ya Mokwena Rre Motlhopi Leo fa ane a buisa phuthego kwa motseng oo maabane.E rile a amogela baeng, moemela kgosi ya motse wa Moshaweng Kgosi Kegobonye Maruping a ngongoregela gore tsela ya Moshaweng Molepolole e agwa e baakangwa, sebe sa phiri e nne gore ga go sepe se se bonalang morago ga e fetswa go dirwa.Kgosi Maruping a re go dirwa ga tsela eo, ga go nke go kgotsofatsa gotlhelele ka gore e tshelwa seretse se se paledisang go tsamaya fa dipula di nele, le lerole le le betang kolobe fa go fisa.A re ke ka moo go senang ope yo itlhaopelang go tsenya sepalamo sa sechaba mo tseleng e : ka e sa siama gotlhelele ,a tlatsa ka gore tsela eo e ba diela tswelelopele.Kgosi o ne a kopa gore bogolo tsela eo, e tshelwe sekontere le fa e le sekgala sa dikhilomitara tse pedi a re go ka boloka madi a dirisiwang fa go ntse gotwe e a baakangwa.Mo go tse dingwe kgosi Maruping one a kopa gore ba tseye ditlamelo golo go le go ngwefela. A re o tshwentswe thata ke gore dingwe dithuso ba di latlela kwa khanseleng ya Letlhakeng fa dingwe ba tshwanelwa ke go ya Thamaga jaaka tsa kabo ditsha .Kgosi o ne a bua a sa kgwe matlhe gore fa bagolo ba tsena koo, ba a latlhelelwa, go makgetlho mantsi ba boa fela ba sa thusiwa ka fa go tshwanetseng. O ne a kopa gape gore badiredi ba Lekgotla la kaboditsha ba atumele, go fokotsa madi a banni baa dirisang go palama.E re dikgang di eme jalo, modulasetilo wa komiti ya ditlhabololo tsa motse Mme Lebogang Manthukhwi o ne a ngongoregela gore lephata la makgotla a setswana le gana go adimana koloi ya puso le maphata a mangwe mo motseng.
O ne a bua a sa osheoshe gore ba gana le gone tota go thusa go isa leokwane kwa sedibeng sa motse, mme motse o felele o le mo lenyorengMme Manthukwi o ne a re koloi e dirisiwa ke lephata leo fela, a tlatsa a re le mapodise mo kgotleng ga ba letlelelwe go e dirisa tota.E rile a rabela matshwenyego ao, modiri mo kgotleng ya motse Mme Lechedzane Chilume a bolela fa taolo eo e tswa kwa mogolwaneng wa gagwe kwa Letlhakeng.Ba kabo ditsha bane ba solofetsa morafe gore batla atumetsa ditlamelo tsa go ba tlisetsa ditlankana tsa ditsha tsa bone, go itsa go dirisa madi a mantsi mo mosepeleng. Modulasetilo wa Khansele ya Kweneng o ne a araba ka gore go utlwisa botlhoko gore e re Taurona a ntshitse taelo gore a didirisiwa tsa puso di amoganwe, go bo go santse go na le bao ba ba di ikgagapelelang. Rre Leo o ne a re ga se gone gore koloi ya puso e nne fela, a tlatsa a re e ka amoganwa le ke maphata a mangwe fa ba batla thuso. Ka Jalo , o ne a kopa tirisanyo mmogo gore tiro ya puso e tsamae ka thelelo. Mabapi le tsela ya Moshaweng Molepolole, Rre Leo o ne a tlhalosetsa sechaba ka kwelo tlase ya itsholelo mme a ba kopa go sa fele pelo mme e tlaare seemo se boela mannong ba akanyetswe sengwe.
Dikgoge tsa kwa ntle[baakanya | edit source]
Dipadi tse dingwe[baakanya | edit source]
- ↑ "Distribution of population by sex by villages and their associated localities: 2001 population and housing census". Archived from the original on 2007-11-24. http://web.archive.org/web/20071124145459/http://www.cso.gov.bw/html/census/dist20_30_31.html. Retrieved 2008-02-09.
Template:Kweneng District Coordinates: 24°27′5″S 25°2′1″E / 24.45139°S 25.03361°E


text:
Ditirelo tsa motlobo wa dibuka tsa Botswana
Template:Unreferenced Ditirelo tsa motlobo wa dibuka tsa Botswana ke tleseletso ya go letlelela bakwadi go anamisa dibuka tsa bone mo Botswana. Ditirelo tse di buletswe semmuso ka Phukwi a tlhola boferabobedi,ngwaga wa 1968.
Contents
Tebelopele ya setshaba ka metlobo ya dibuka[baakanya | edit source]
Botswana o iphitlhela mo lobakeng lwa ditiragalo tse mo go tsone dikakanyo tsa batho le dilo tse di tlhokegang di fetogang ka bofefo jo bo gakgamatsang.Batho ba tshwanetse go inaakanya le diphetogo tse di diragalang momafatsheng otlhe mme e re ba dira jalo ba bo ba tlamparetse tse di siameng tsa ngwao ya bone tse di re farologanyang le dichaba tse dingwe. Ka jaanong e le dingwaga di le masome mararo re ntse re ipusa, re tshwanetse go akanya ka ga tse dintle tse di fetileng le gore re dirile go le kae go di kgona. Mme e re go ntse jaana, re akanye re bo re lore tse di tlang tse dintle. Re tla a bo re le sechaba se se ntseng jang ka 2016, ngwaga wa dingwaga tse di masome matlhano re ntse re ipusa? Diphetogo tse re batlang go di dira di tla a tsaya lobaka. Dingwaga tsa diphetogo tse di tla a akaretsa tokafatso ya thuto le botsogo. Jalo he, re tshwanetse go lebela kwa pele thata gore re tsaya ditsela tse di ntseng jang. Gore re ipaakanyetse phetogo ya itsholelo ya mafatshe otlhe le botshelo jwa batho, a re dirise dipaka tse di re tlelang ka botlalo. Dilo tse re batlang go di dira di tla a nna le mathata a re sa kakeng ra a solofela gompieno. Re tshwanetse go nna re fetola dilo re digile dibete re le pelokgale.Re tshwanetse go ineela go fetola dilo mo go tla a solegelang lefatshe la rona molemo. Ga go na yo o ka re di fetolelang. Diphetogo tse di raya gore re dire ka natla, mme tuelo e tlaa nna tswelelo ya rona rotlhe.
Tiriso ya maranyane a enthanete mo metlobong ya dibuka[baakanya | edit source]
Mogolwane wa motlobo wa dibuka kwa Maun Rre Mackenzie Moabi, a re ba mo maikaelelong a go atlega mo letshegong la ntlha la go nna tshaba e e rutegileng, e e nang le kitso.A re setshaba se tshwanetse sa itse gore motlobo wa dibuka o ka ba thusa jang.O kopile setshaba go dirisa sebaka sa go dirisa maranyane a inthanete a mahala, gore e re nako e e tlang ba bone maduo a a botoka. Rre Moabi o buile jalo mo puisanong le lekalana la BOPA bosheng.O tlhalositse fa lenaneo la Sesigo gammogo le ithutuntsho e e neng ya dirwa ka kgwedi ya Phatwe monongwaga e le tsone tse di rotloeditseng batho go tla ka dipalo tse dintsi go amogela le go tlhaloganya tiriso ya inthanete.O boletse fa boranyane jo bo kgatlhegelwa ke bagolo, banana le bana, o ne a re banana gantsi ba e dirisa go intsha bodutu ka go tlhaeletsana le ba bangwe ka go dirisa maranyane a a gokaganyang ditsala le masika.A re bangwe ba badirisi ke ba dikgwebo tse dipotlana ka ba tla ba e dirisa go botsolotsa le go batla maano a go godisa dikgwebo tsa bone le go bona gore ba ka di tiisa jang.O rile dipalo tsa bagolo le banana di godile go tswa mo go sekete go ya kwa diketeng tse pedi go tswa ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo go fitlha mo nakong ya gompieno.A re ka letsatsi, ba nna le badirisi ba ba ka tshwarang makgolo a mararo le masome a matlhano.Rre Moabi o supile fa go na le dikgwetlho, a re nngwe ya tsone ke go kgaoga ga inthanete kgapetsakgapetsa. O rile jaanong se, se dira gore badirisi ba yone ba se ka ba nna le tshepo e e kalo mo go yone.
Lephata la thuto le tlhabolola kitso mo metlobong[baakanya | edit source]
Lephata la Thuto le Tlhabololo Kitso le na le boikarabelo jwa kgolo ya baithuti ba dingwaga tse di farologanyeng mono Botswana. Molao wa thuto (Education Law) o simolotse ka ngwaga wa 1966 ka nako ya boipuso jwa lefatshe leno. Ka 2001 Lephata le ne la semilodisa lenaneo le lešha la thuto le le akaretsang dingwaga tse supa Poraemari, tse tharo tsa sekontari tse di potlana, le tse pedi tsa sekontari e kgolwane. Lephata la Thuto le ma le boikarabelo bongwe jo bo faphegileng. Boikarabelo jo jwa go tlhabola thuto bo akaretsa:
· Go fa sebaka go tsena sekolo se se lekanang go tlhabolola kitso le thuto.
· Go somarela tlhabololo thuto bodiredi
· Go fa le go rurufatsa thuto le tlhabololo kitso ya maemo a a kwa godimo
Dikgoge tsa kwa ntle[baakanya | edit source]
Botswana Botswana Library Association


text:
Tonota
Tonota ke motse yo o mo kgaolo legare la Botswana. Tonota ke motse o tumile ka bakhurutshe ba ba loleng le merafhe e mengwe go lwelwa motse, ba nna bafenyi mme ba bitswa babina Khama le phofu. Mme le fa Tonota go tumile bakhurutshe, bakalanga, bangwato le merafe mengwe ba tlholega mo motseng o wa Tonota. Ka sekhurutshe leina le la Tonota ke Thonotha, mme le ne la fetolwa go bidiwa Tonota ka tlhotlheletso ya puo ya Tswana. Motse o, o dikhilomethara di le masome a mabedi le bosupa mo borwa jwa toropo ya Francistown mo tseleng ya A1 Francistown-Gaborone. O mo borwa bophirima jwa noka ya Shashe, e e fa gare ga dikgaolo tsa legare le bokone botlhaba, Tonota a le mo kgaolong ya legare. Tonota ke motse o motona yo o kgaogantsweng ka metsana jaaka mo borwa go na le Semotswane, Mandunyane le borogo jwa Shashe mo bokone. Rre Kgosi Ramosinyi Radipitse ke kgosi ya Tonota. Rre Kgosi Ramosinyi Radipitse ke kgosi ya Tonota. E rile ka ngwaga wa 2003 motse wa Tonota wa nna kgaolo potlana ka fa tlase ga Tutume, go na le dikago tse disha tsa Khansele, Dikole tse di potlana di le lesome.
- Sekolo se sepotlana sa Madisakwana
- Sekolo se sepotlana sa Moutlwatsi
- Sekolo se sepotlana sa Rauwe
- Sekolo se sepotlana sa Tonota
- Sekolo se sepotlana sa Kgosi Sekoko
- Sekolo se sepotlana sa John Phooko
- Sekolo se sepotlana sa Tholodi
- Sekolo se sepotlana sa Semotswane
- Sekolo se sepotlana sa Mandunyane
- Sekolo se sepotlana sa Masedi
Go na le dikole tse tharo tse di kgolwanyane
- Letlhabile Junior School
- Rutwang Junior School
- Tonota Junior School
Le se segolwane sa Shashe River Go na le Tonota College of Education e le sa mmadikole. Moemedi wa palamente wa Tonota borwa ke Rre Motlotlegi Rre Pop P.P Moatlhodi.Motlotlegi Rre Fidelis Mmilili Molao yo e leng moemedi wa palamente yo o tswang mo Tonota bokone a sa amane le motse wa Tonota.
Tonota jaaka metse e mengwe fela mo Botswana o na le merafe e e farologaneng mme bontsi jwa banni ke Bahurutshe, ba ba nnang mo dikgotleng di tswana le Tholo,Molebatsi, Maaloso,Maunya e e leng yone kgotla e tona.Dikgotla tsa Madisakwana le Mhakamme, bakalaka ba ba nnang mo go ya Manyanda. Kgotla ya Lomboko go nna Barotsi fa Bashona kana Bazezuru ba nna mo go ya Mandunyane. BAtho ka bontsi ba ba tswang tswang kwa Tonota ba bua Sekhurutshe seka SeNgwato puo e e nang le mafoko a sekalaka le sengwato.
o ka tsibogela[baakanya | edit source]
- Noka ya Nata
Template:Botswana largest cities
Coordinates: 21°29′S 27°29′E / 21.483°S 27.483°E
[[Category: Mafelo a a nang le batho ba ba ntsi mo Botswana]]


text:
1
Lefoko le ne la nna nama
1E rile mo tshimologong Lefoko la bo le ntse le le teng; Lefoko le ne le na le Modimo, mme Lefoko e ne e le Modimo.#1 Joh. 1:1-2; Joh. 17:5; Tshen. 19:13. 2Le ne le na le Modimo mo tshimologong.#Diane 8:22. 3Dilo tsotlhe di dirilwe ka lone, mme kwa ntle ga lone ga go a dirwa sepe sa tse di dirilweng.#Bakol. 1:16,17; Baheb. 1:2. 4Bophelo bo ne bo le mo go lone; mme bophelo e ne e le lesedi la batho.#Joh. 5:26. 5Lesedi le ntse le phatsima mo lefifing mme lefifi ga le a ka la le amogela.#Joh. 3:19.
6Go ne ga tla motho, a romilwe ke Modimo, leina la gagwe e le Johane.#Luka 1:13-17:57-80; Math. 3:1. 7Yoo o ne a tla go supa gore a supe ka ga lesedi, gore botlhe ba tle ba dumele ka ene. 8E ne e se ene lesedi, mme a tla go supa ka ga lesedi.#Joh. 1:20. 9Lesedi la boammaaruri le le bonegelang motho mongwe le mongwe e ne e le ene yo o tlang mo lefatsheng.
10O ne a le mo lefatsheng, mme lefatshe le dirilwe ka ene; fela lefatshe ga le a ka la mo itse.#Joh. 1:3-5. 11O ne a tla kwa ga gagwe, mme ba gagwe ba se ka ba mo tshola. 12Le gale, botlhe ba ba neng ba mo tshola, a ba naya tshiamelo ya go nna bana ba Modimo, e bong ba ba dumelang mo leineng la gagwe;#Bagal. 3:26. 13ke ba ba sa tsalwang ka madi, le e seng ka thato ya nama, le e seng ka thato ya monna, mme ba tsetswe ke Modimo.#Joh. 3:5,6.
14Lefoko leo la nna nama, la aga mo go rona, ra ba ra bona kgalalelo ya lone, e le kgalalelo e e lebanyeng yo o tsetsweng a le esi, e tswa mo go Rara, a tletse bopelotlhomogi le boammaaruri.#Jes. 7:14; 2 Pet. 1:16,17; Jes. 60:1; Ekes. 34:6.
15Johane o ne a supa ka ga gagwe, a kua a re: “Yo ke ene ke buileng ka ga gagwe ka re: ‘Yo o tlang morago ga me o a mpheta; gonne o ne a le teng, ke ise ke nne teng.’ ”#Joh. 1:27,30.
16Gonne rona rotlhe re bonye bopelotlhomogi godimo ga bopelothomogi mo botlalong jwa gagwe.#Joh. 3:34; Bakol. 1:19. 17Kana molao o neilwe ka Moše, mme bopelotlhomogi le boammaaruri di tsile ka Jesu Keresete.#Baroma 10:4. 18Ga go ope yo o kileng a bona Modimo ka motlha ope; Morwa yo o tsetsweng a le esi, yo o fa sehubeng sa ga Rara, ke ene yo o o boletseng.#Joh. 6:46; 1 Joh. 4:12; Math. 11:27.
Tshupo ya ga Johane Mokolobetsi
(Math. 3:1-12; Mar. 1:1-8; Luka 3:1-18)
19Tshupo ya ga Johane ke e: E rile Bajuta ba roma baperesiti le Balefi go ene, ba tswa Jerusalema go mmotsa gore: “O mang?”#Luka 3:15,16.
20A ipolela, a se ka a itatola, a ipolela a re: “Ga ke Keresete.”
21Ba mmotsa ba re: “Mme o eng? A o Elia?”
A re: “Ga ke ene.”
“A ke wena moporofeti yole?”
A araba a re: “Nnyaya.”#Math. 17:10; Doit. 18:15.
22Ke fa ba mo raya ba re: “O mang ne? Gore re tle re ba fe karabo ba ba re romileng. O a reng ka ga gago?”
23A re:
“ ‘Ke nna lentswe la mongwe
yo o kuang mo sekakeng la re:
Siamisang tsela ya Morena!’ ”
jaaka Jesaya moporofeti a kile a bua.#Jes. 40:3; Math. 3:3; Mar. 1:3; Luka 3:4.
24Ba ba neng ba romilwe e ne e le ba Bafarisai. 25Jaanong ba mmotsa ba re: “O kolobeletsang, fa o se Keresete, le e seng Elia le e seng moporofeti yole?”
26Johane a ba araba a re: “Nna ke kolobetsa ka metsi; mme go eme mongwe mo gare ga lona yo lo sa mo lemogeng.#Math. 3:11; Mar. 1:7,8. 27Ke ene yo o tlang morago ga me, yo ke sa tshwanelang go funolola kgole ya setlhako sa gagwe.”#Joh. 3:26.
28Dilo tseo di dirafetse kwa Bethania kwa moseja ga Joretane, kwa Johane o neng a le teng, a kolobetsa.
Jesu ke Kwana ya Modimo
29E rile ka letsatsi le le latelang a bona Jesu a tla go ene a re: “Bonang, Kwana ya Modimo e e tlosang boleo jwa lefatshe!#Joh. 1:36; Jes. 53:7. 30Yo ke ene ke buileng ka ga gagwe ka re: ‘Monna o e tla morago ga me, yo o mphetang; gonne o ne a le teng, ke ise ke nne teng.’#Joh. 1:15,27. 31Le nna ke ne ke sa mo lemoge, mme ke tlile go kolobetsa ka metsi gore ene a tle a senolelwe Iseraele.”
32Johane a ba a supa a re: “Ke bonye Mowa o fologa jaaka lephoi, o tswa legodimong, wa nna mo go ene.#Math. 3:16; Mar. 1:10; Luka 3:22. 33Le nna ke ne ke sa mo lemoge; mme ene yo o nthomileng go kolobetsa ka metsi a nthaya a re: ‘Ene yo ò tla bonang Mowa o fologela go ene, o nna mo go ene, ke ene yo o kolobetsang ka Mowa o o Boitshepo.’#Luka 3:2. 34Ke bonye, ka ba ka supa gore yo ke Morwa Modimo.”
Barutwa ba ntlha ba ga Jesu
35Ya re ka moso Johane a bo a eme gape, a na le barutwa ba gagwe ba le babedi; 36a leba Jesu a ntse a tsamaya, a ba a re: “Bonang, Kwana ya Modimo!”#Joh. 1:29.
37Barutwa ba babedi bao ba mo utlwa a bua, ba be ba sala Jesu morago. 38Jesu a retologa, a ba bona ba mo setse morago, a ba raya a re: “Lo batlang?”
Ba mo raya ba re: “Rabbi,” (mo phetolelong ke go re: Moruti) “o nna kae?”
39A ba raya a re: “Tlaang lo bone.” Ba tla, ba bona fa a nnang teng, ba be ba tlhola nae letsatsi leo. Nako e ne e ka nna ya bone thapama.
40Andrea, morwa-rraagwe Simone Petoro, e ne e le mongwe wa ba babedi ba ba neng ba utlwile Johane, ba mo sala morago. 41Yo a bona Simone morwa-rraagwe pele, a mo raya a re: “Re bonye Mesia,” mo phetolelong ke go re: Motlodiwa (Keresete).#1 Sam. 2:10; Pes. 2:2. 42A ba a mo isa go Jesu.
Jesu a mo leba a re: “O Simone, morwa Jona; o tla bidiwa Kefa,” mo phetolelong ke go re: Lefika (Petoro).#Math. 16:18.
Filipo le Nathanaele
43Ya re ka moso Jesu a rata go ya kwa Galelea, a bona Filipo, a mo raya a re: “Ntshale morago!” 44Filipo e ne e le wa kwa Betsaita, motse wa ga gabo Andrea le Petoro. 45Filipo a bona Nathanaele, a mo raya a re: “Re bonye yo Moše a kwadileng ka ga gagwe mo molaong, le bone baporofeti, e bong Jesu, morwa Josefa wa Nasaretha.”#Doit. 18:18; Jes. 7:14; 53:2; Jer. 23:5; Hes. 34:23.
46Nathanaele a mo raya a re: “A sengwe se se molemo se ka tswa kwa Nasaretha?”
Filipo a mo raya a re: “Tlaa o bone!”#Joh. 7:41.
47Jesu a bona Nathanaele a tla go ene, a bua ka ga gagwe a re: “Bonang, Moiseraele wa nnete yo go se nang boferefere mo go ene!”
48Nathanaele a mo raya a re: “O nkitse jang?”
Jesu a mo araba a re: “Ke go bonye o le fa tlase ga setlhare sa mofeie, Filipo a ise a go bitse.”
49Nathanaele a mo fetola a re: “Moruti, ke wena Morwa Modimo, ke wena kgosi ya Iseraele.”#2 Sam. 7:14; Pes. 2:7; Joh. 6:69; Math. 14:33; 16:16.
50Jesu a mo fetola a re: “A o dumela ka gonne ke go reile ka re: ‘Ke go bonye fa tlase ga mofeie’? O tla bona dilo tse dikgolo bogolo go tse.” 51A ba a mo raya a re: “Ammaaruri, ammaaruri ke lo raya ke re: Go tloga jaanong lo tla bona legodimo le bulegile, le baengele ba Modimo ba tlhatloga, ba be ba fologela mo go Morwa-Motho.”#Gen. 28:12.


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The Microsoft Office Language Interface Pack 2007 – Setswana se tlamela segokanyi sa modirisi Setswana go bontsi jwa diporokeramo tsa Microsoft Office 2007.
-
The Microsoft Office Language Interface Pack 2007 – Setswana se tlamela ka segokaganyi sa modirisi sa Setswana sa:
- Microsoft Office Excel 2007
- Microsoft Office Outlook 2007
- Microsoft Office PowerPoint 2007
- Microsoft Office Word 2007
-
Tsamaiso ya Tiragatso e e nang le Tshegetso:
Windows Vista
-
Serweboleta se se tlhokegang: Mofuta Seesimane wa disutu dipe fela tsa Microsoft Office 2007 tse di nang le Excel, Outlook, Powerpoint kgotsa Word.
- Ditlhokego tsa sebaka sa disike: Go tlaleletsa mo sebakeng sa disikethata se ga jaana se tlhomilweng mo diporokeramong tsa Office 2007, go tlhokega dimekabaete di le 20 (MB) tsa sebaka se se leng teng sa disikethata.
-
Go tlhoma kopololo eno:
- Kopolola LanguageInterfacePack.exe faele ka go tobetsa Kopolola konopo ya (fa godimo) le go bolokela faele mo disikethateng ya gago.
- Tobetsa-gabedi mo LanguageInterfacePack.exe faeleng ya porokeramo mo disikethateng go simolola porokeramo ya Tlhomo.
- Latela ditaelo tse di mo sekirining go konosetsa tlhomo.
- Fa e setse e tlhomilwe, faele ya mpuise ya Microsoft Office 2007 Language Interface Pack e ka fitlhelwa kwa C:\Program Files\Common Files\microsoft shared\OFFICE12\LCID\LIPread.htm
- Ga go tshegediwe tokafatso ya Office 2003 Language Interface Pack to Office 2007 ka Office 2007 Language Interface Pack. Fa o batla go tokafatsa tlhomo ya gago ya motheo ya Office 2003 go ya go Office 2007 ka tiriso ya Segokanyi sa Tlhatlagano ya Puo sa Office 2007 o tshwanetse:
- Go tlhomolola Office 2003 Language Interface Pack
- Go tsamaisa tlhomo ya Office 2007 le go tlhopha tlhopho ya tokafatsa.
- Fa tlhomo ya Office 2007 e weditswe, tlhoma le go rulaganya Segokanyi sa Tlhatlagano
ya Puo ya Office 2007
Tlhopha tiriso ya kuno ya Office ya gago:
- Fa o na le bothata jwa go buisa Khouto Tsenyo yotlhe mo go "Microsoft Office activation Wizard" dialo, kgotso tsenyo khoutu yotlhe ga e bonagale sentle fa o dirisa Microsoft® Office Language Interface Pack 2007, tsweetswee khansela wizard mme o time kuno ya Seesimane go tlhopha tiriso ya kuno ya gago ya Microsoft Office
Ditaelo tsa tiriso:
Go fetolela segokaganyi sa gago sa Modirisi mo puong ya Microsoft Office Language Interface Pack 2007 – Setswana, latela dikgato tseno:
Thulaganyo ya puo e o e tlhophileng e tla dira mo nakong e e tlang fa o simolola mananeotiriso a gago a Office.
- Thangkgolola Thulaganyo ya Puo ya Microsoft Office 2007 go tswa mo Tshimologo\Diporokeramo Tsotlhe\Microsoft Office\Didiriswa tsa Microsoft Office menu.
- Tlhopha thebe ya Bontsha Puo mo Dimenung tsa Microsoft Office le mabokosopuisano mo: lenanengpeofatshe, tlhopha puo e o batlang go e bontsha. Jaanong puo e o e tlhophileng e tshwanetse go nna pontsho e e rulaganyeditsweng ruri.
- Mo thebeng ya Bontsha Puo, o na le boitlhophelo jwa gore pontsho ya Office e tsamaelane le pontsho ya Windows. Puo ya gago ya Windows ya ga jaana e tla bewa mo lenaaneng. Fa o batla gore pontsho ya Office e tsamaelane le pontsho ya gago ya Windows tlhopha Tlhoma puo ya pontsho ya Microsoft Office gore e tsamaelane le puo ya pontsho ya Windows lebokosotshwao. Thulaganyo eno e phimola tlhopho e o e dirang mo Dimenung tsa Bontsha Microsoft Office le mabokosopuisano lenane.
- Mo thebeng ya Dipuotseleganyo, tlhopha puo e o tlhokang go e kgontsha go tswa mo Dipuotseleganyo tse di Gona lenane mme o tobetse Tsenya. Jaanong puo e o e tlhophileng e tshwanetse go nna mo lenaaneng la Dipuotseleganyo tse di Kgontshitsweng lenane.
- Mo thebeng ya Dipuotseleganyo, tlhopha puo e o tlhokang gore e nne Puotseleganyo ya Ntlha go tswa mo Puotseleganyo ya Ntlha lenane.
- Tobetsa mo konopo ya OK.
Ela tlhoko: Help e ka se ke ya fetolelwa kwa puong ya Microsoft Office Language Interface Pack 2007 – Setswana. Help e tla nna ka gale e le mo puong ya tlhomo ya tshimologo.
Ka gale tlhoma pontsho ya help mo lenanepeofatshe kwa motheong wa puo.
Go tlosa kopololo eno:
Latela dikgato tseno mo Windows XP ya Legae kgotsa Kgatiso ya Porofešenale:
- Tswaya mo diporokeramong tsotlhe.
- Tobetsa-gabedi mo aekhone ya Tsenya kgotsa Tlosa Diporokeramo mo Phaneletaolong ya Windows.
- Tobetsa Microsoft Office Language Interface Pack 2007 mo lebokosong la Diporokeramo tse di tlhomilweng ga jaana, mme o tobetse konopo ya Tlosa.
- Latela ditaelo mo sekerining.
Latela dikgato tseno mo Windows Vista:
- Tswaya mo diporokeramong tsotlhe.
- Tobetsa-gabedi mo aekhone ya Diporokeramo le Diponagalo mo Windows Phaneletaolo.
- Mo tlhopho ya Tlhomolola kgotsa Fetola Porokeramo, tobetsa Microsoft Office Language Interface Pack 2007 – Setswana mo lebokoso la Diporokeramo tse di tlhomilweng ga jaana, mme o tlhophe Tlhomolola tlhopho.
- Latela ditaelo tse di mo sekerining.
Dilaisololwa tse di Ratwang Thata


text:
Aferika
Aferika -ke continente e e tona lefatshe ka bophara e e tlang morago ga ya Asi.O selekanyo sa 30.2 million km² mme ka fa dithoko go bo go nna le mawatle a a dikaganyeditseng.E nale batho ba le 1.0 billion (ditshupo tsa ngwaga wa 2009), e ka tswa e nale batho ba ka nna selekanyo sa 14.72% mo palobathong ya lefatshe ka bophara.Continente e e dikagenyeditswe ke lewatle la Mediterranean mo bophirima, otlhe a Suez Canal gape le la Red Sea mo letlhakoreng la Sinai Peninsula mo bokonebophirima,lewatle la Indian Ocean mo borwabotlhaba, gape le la Atlantic Ocean mo bophirima[1].Continente e e akaretsa lefatshe le tshwana le la Madagascar le a mangwe fela jalo[2].
Aferika o nale seemo sa lewapi se se pharologanyo le di continete tse dingwe.Mafatshe a a fa gare ga continente a na le pula e e ntsi le mogote o o feteletseng,fa kwa borwa gone go nale pula e eseng ntsiAfrica.Pula e e ntsi e e rotloetsa dilo di tshwana temothuo le tse dingwe fela jalo[3].
Mafatshe a Aferika ka bontsi a tshabelelwa ke dintwa tsa tshololo madi ebile di utlwisa botlhoko.Dintlwa tse gantsi di diragalela kwa bogare jwa Aferika.Bontsi jwa ntwa tse di bakwa ke ditswa mmung le lefatshe ntateng ya palo batho ba bantsi[4].
Thekiso ya Dinaka tsa Ditlou mo Aferika[baakanya | edit source]
Balephata la tikologo , diphologolo le bojanala ba ntse ba tshwere phage ka mangana ba lwantsha le makgotla a mafatshefatshe a pabalelo tikologo le ditsa tlholego aa tshwanang le le kwa The Hague, Netherlands, la CITES go a kopa go le letlelela go rekisa mokoakoa wa dinaka tsa ditlou o le setseng le o kokoantse mo lefatshing leno.
Go ya ka Modiri wa Lephata le yo o ithebagantseng le dikgang tsa makgotla a CITES, Mme Diana Chimidza, ba setse ba dirisetse madi a ka tshwarang P400 000 go Iwantshana le kgang e ya moruthuta.Mokoakoa o wa dinaka tsa ditlou o ile wa phuthwa mo ditloung tse dineng di sule loso lwa tlholego kgotsa di bolailwe ka mabaka a gore di ntsifetse mme go lemoga gore go di hokotsa go ka thusa gore di seka tsa imela tikologo. Mma Chimidza o tlhalositse fa ditlou tsa Botswana di setse le Namibia ba rekise dina«:: tsa ditlou tse di kgobokantseng ba bolela gon dinaka tse tsa ditlou tse rekesediwang mmebaraka ys theko ya ditlou jaaka Japan la tsa ditlou tse di bolailweni eseng kafa molaong, fa tse dingwe e le tsa bogodu[5].


text:
Ngwana
Go ya ka tsa boitsanape ngwana kgotsa bana fa bale mokawana: tota fela go tlhalosega ele motho yo o fa gare ga dipaka tsa go belegwa le go tsena mo seemong sa go nna rre kgotsa mme. Dingwe tsa diteme ditlhalosa ngwana go simolola fa a ise a belegwe. Tlhaloso ya ngwana e e ka fa molao e tlhalosa fa "ngwana" e le motho yo mopotlana, fa gongwe go lebilwe dingwaga "Ngwana" fa gongwe o ka tlhalosa tomagano le motsadi kgotsa selthopha sa batho mo go ka bitswang gotwe ke lekgotla kgotsa tumelo; gape o ka kaya go amiwa thata ke dinako dingwe, mafelo, kgotsa dikgwetlho.
Contents
- 1 Ditlhaloso tse di ka fa molaong,tsa boitsanape le tsa kgolagano ya batho
- 2 Dikakanyo go libilwe bana
- 3 Tomagano
- 4 Dingwaga tsa boikarabelo
- 5 Dintsho tsa bana
- 6 Molao wa ngwana a le mongwe
- 7 O ka tsibogela
- 8 Tse di lateng ketse di dirisitsweng go batla kitso ee kwadilweng fa
- 9 Dikgoge tsa kwa ntle
Ditlhaloso tse di ka fa molaong,tsa boitsanape le tsa kgolagano ya batho[baakanya | edit source]
Lekgotla la ditshaba la United Nation smo kwatlabolotsong ya ditshwanelo tsa ngwana e tlhalosa fa ngwana e le "motho yo dingwaga tse di ka fa tlase ga lesome le boferabobedi kgotsa fa e le sengwe Molao o tshwanetse wa amanngwa le ngwana".[1] Se se letleletswe ke mafatshe a le 192 mo go a le 194 a e leng maloko. Ditlhaloso dingwe tsa teme ya seja tlhapi e ditlhalosa lefoko "ngwana" go simolola fa a setse a sa belegwa.[2] Ka tsa boitsanape ngwana ke mongwe le mongwe yo a fagare ga paka ya go belegwa le go gola kgotsa mongwe yo o mo pakeng ya go gola ya bongwana. Bana bana le ditshwanelo tsa palo e ko tlase gona le bagolo ka gore go lemogiwa ga ba sena maikarabelo a go tsaya ditshwetso tse di rileng, gape ba tshwanetse gore ka nako tsotlhe ba bo bale ka fa tlase ga tlhokomelo ya mogolo yo o nang le boikarabelo.
Jaak ise mogolo[baakanya | edit source]
Temogelo ya fa ngwana a farologana le bagolo e simolotse go itshupa ka di sentshuri tsa bo 16 le 17. Ditlhopha tsa batho di simolotse go kaya ngwana e se mogolo yo mopotlana mme e le motho wa tsetla tse di ko tlase tsa kgolo yo o tlhokang tlhokomelo, lorato le kgotlatso ya mogolo.
Phetogo e e ka bonwa mo metakong ya Middle Ages, jaaka bana ba ne ba tshwantshiwa e le motho yo monyenyane a sena dikai dipe tsa bongwana. Ka di sentshuri tsa lesome le borataro dikapo tsa bana di tsa simolola go nna teng mme di na le ditebego tsa konokono tsa bongwana. Go simolola moragonyana ga di sentshuri tsa bo lesome le bosupa go tswelela pele ngwana o ne a supiwa a tshameka. Ditshwantsho tse di tshamekang ka bana le mafoko di ne tsa simolola go dirwa ka yone nako e.[3]
Dikakanyo go libilwe bana[baakanya | edit source]
Dikakanyo tsa maikutlo go lebilwe bana di a farologana lefatshe ka bophara mo dingwao dile mmalwa. Dikakanyo tse difetogile ga nako e ntse e tsamaya. Ditshekatsheko tsa ngwaga wa 1988 ka maikutlo a Europa ka konokono ya bana di lemogile fa lefatshe la Italy le remeletse thata mo baneng fa la Holand lone le sena sepe ka bana mo go kalokalo, fa mafatshe a mangwe o ne a tshwana le Austria, Great Britain, Ireland le West Germany a wela fa gare.[4]
Tomagano[baakanya | edit source]
Bana botlhe ba feta ka dikarolo tsa kgolo go lebilwe maikutlo le boitshwaro. Losea kgotsa ngwana yo monyennyane ba tla tshameka ba le nosi ka boitumelo. Fa ngwana yo mongwe a tsena mo tshamekong e e tsweletse le e ne o ka ntshiwa ka go garumelelwa kgotsa ka go mo kgarametsa. Mogongwe ngwana o kgona go tshameka le yo mongwe, ka bonyakabonya a ithuta go amogana le go drisa ditshono tsa gagwe. Kwa pheletsong setlhopha se a gola goya ko baneng ba le bararo kgotsa ba le bane. Ka nako e ngwana a simololang go tsena sekolo la bananyana go tla nna motlhofo mo go e ne gore a tsenelele setlhopha sa bana ba bangwe mme a simolole go natefelelwa ke lesedi le o.[5]
Ngwana yo o nang le ADHD le bogole o ka tlhoka thuso e e feteletseng go ithuta tselana tsa bo ja mmogo. Go fetoga ga dikai tsa ngwana wa ADHD di ka modira gore a nne se tshwakga mo kamanong ya gagwe le ba nkana ba gagwe. Bana ba ba tlhaelelwang ke go tsaya nako ya bone ga e kake ba inakanya le tomagano mo tikologong ya bone, se se dira gore go nne thata mo go bone gore ba ithute dikitso tsa tomagano ka lesedi le ba nang le lone.[5]
Dingwaga tsa boikarabelo[baakanya | edit source]
Template:See Dingwaga tse go akanngwang fa ngwana a na le boikarabelo mo ditshwetsong tsa gagwe sekai(lenyalo, go tlhopha, le tse dingwe fela jalo) di fetogile mo tsamao ya nako, mme se se kailwe ke tsela e ba tsewang ka yone ke makgotla a molao. Ka dinako tsa ba Roma, gone go tsewa gore ngwana ga e kake ya nna modira melato, maemo a moragonyana a ileng a amogelwa ke kereke.. Ka disentshuri tsa lesome le boferabongwe, bana ba ba ko tlase ga dingwaga tse supa gone go sa dumele gore e ka nna badira melato. Bana ba dingwaga tse di fetang bosupa bone gone go akanngwa gore ba na le boikarabelo jwa ditshwetso tsa bone. Ka mong ba ne ba ka lebisiwa dikatlholo tsa melato ya borukutlhi, ba isiwa kwa kgolegelong ya batho ba ba tona, e bo ba otlhaiwa jaaka bone ka go ba kgwathisa, go batshuba ka ditshipi le go ba kaletsa. [6] Mo bo gompieno mo mafatsheng a le mantsi jaaka Canada le United stattes, ngwana wa dingwaga tse di lesome le bobedi kgotsa go feta ba bewa ka boikarabelo jwa ditiro tsa bone mo ba ka felelang ba rometswe kwa dikgolegelong tsa pankanyo motho jaaka 1}juvenile hall.
Ditshekatsheko di lemogile fa mafatshe a ka nna masome a mabedi le botlhano lefatshe ka bophara a sena dingwaga tsa thuto e e tlhokegang gotsa e e patelesegang go ka dirwa. Dingwaga tse di ko tlase tse di sa letelelweng fa ngwana a ka bereka kgotsa go nyalwa le tsone di a farologana. Mo mafatsheng a le sekaenyana fela a le lekgolo le masome a mabedi le botlhano, bana ba dingwaga tse supa go ya kwa go tse lesome le botlhano ba ka tseelwa kwa kgotla tshekelong le kwa dikgolegelong ka mabaka a ditiro tsa borukutlhi. Mo mafatsheng a mangwe bana ka fa molaong ba patleletswa go tsena sekolo go fitlhela ba le dingwaga tse di simololang ka lesome le bone kgotsa lesome le botlhano, mme ba ka bereka pele ga dingwaga tse. Tshwanelo ya ngwana ya go rutega e gomagomediwa ke go nyalwa mo go tlang pele,pereko ya bana le go isiwa dikgolegelong.[7]
Dintsho tsa bana[baakanya | edit source]
Ka dingwaga tsabo 1600 kwa England, gone go solofelwa fa motho a ka tshela go fitlhela dingwaga di le masome a mararo le botlhano se se bakilwe ke dintsho tsa bana tse di neng di feta sephatlo sa bana botlhe ba dingwaga tse di kwa tlase ga bone.[8] Ka nako ya tshimologo ya madirelo, tsholofelo ya lebaka le ngwana a ka letshelang e ne ya oketsega fela thata.[9]
Go tsweng bo mmantswitswidi ba palo ya batho le botsogo, dintsho tsa bana difokotsegile thata go similola ka dingwaga tsa bo 1990.
Dintsho tsa bana ba dingwaga tse di kwa tlase ga botlhano difokotsegile ka 42% kwa United States fa kwa Sebia le Maylasia di fokotsegile ka 70%.[10]
Molao wa ngwana a le mongwe[baakanya | edit source]
- O ka tsibogela:Molao wa bana ba le babedi
Molao wa lefatshe la Chaina wa ngwana a le mongwe o letlelela baratani go belega ngwana a le mongwe fela. Molao wa palo gotlhe ya batho wa Chaina o akgoletswe go fokotsa kgolo ya palo gothle ya batho kwa Chaina e e neng e le kwa godimo pelo ga tlhamio ya molao o. Tiriso ya molao o e kgadilwe thata ka gotwe o rotoetsa le go gatelela batho gore bo mme ba bolae masea a a sabelegwang le gore batho bantshe dikarolo dingwe tsa bong gore ba seka ba tshola. Lefa kotlhao ya boimana jo bo sa ipaakanyediwang e le katlholo ya madi, kgateleo ya polao ya lesea le le sa belegwang le go kgaola bong go itsa pelegi le tsone ke melato e e atlholwang e amangwa le leso kgotsa kgontsho ya ka bomo mme katlhao ya tse tsotlhe e ka nna dingwaga di le lesome mo kgolegelong. Fa ngwana yo mongwe a ka belegwa ko ntleng ga a le mongwe yo o letlelelwang ka fa molao batsadi bao batla duela madi a mantsi ka ba tlaabo ba duelela letsatsi lengwe le le nngwe le a tshelang ka lone.
O ka tsibogela[baakanya | edit source]
- Go tlhoka go nna le bana
- Kgokgontsho ya bana ka tsa tlhakanelo dikobo
- Intekese ka dipadi ka banana
- Tlwaelo ya ngwana
Tse di lateng ketse di dirisitsweng go batla kitso ee kwadilweng fa[baakanya | edit source]
- ↑ “Katloloso ya melao ya ngwana” Kgatiso ya molao, ofisi ya United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
- ↑ Bona Shorter Oxford English Dictionary 397 (6th ed. 2007),e e leng tlhalo ya ntlha "A fetus; an infant;...". Tsibogela ‘The Compact Edition of the Oxford English Dictionary: Complete Text Reproduced Micrographically’, Vol. I (Oxford University Press, Oxford 1971): 396, e e tlhalosang fa e le: ‘Losea le le sa belegwang kgotsa motho yo e le gone a belegwang’.
- ↑ Essays on childhood
- ↑ Rachel K. Jones and April Brayfield, Life's greatest joy?: European attitudes toward the centrality of children. Social Forces, Vol. 75, No. 4, Jun 1997. 1,239-69 pp. Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Socialization stages
- ↑ Juvenile courts
- ↑ Melchiorre, A. ( 2004) At What Age?...are school-children employed, married and taken to court?
- ↑ W. J. Rorabaugh, Donald T. Critchlow, Paula C. Baker (2004). "America's promise: a concise history of the United States ". Rowman & Littlefield. p.47. ISBN 0-7425-1189-8
- ↑ "Modernization - Population Change". Encyclopædia ya Britannica .
- ↑ Child mortality rates dropping


text:
Motsana wa Ngarange
Ngarange ke motsana yo o mo kgaolong ya bokone bophirima jwa Botswana. Motse o o fitlhelwa gaotshwane le noka ya Okavango, e e gaotshwane le molelwane wa Namibia. Mo palong batho ya ngwaga wa 2001 dipalo di ne dile makgolo a borobabongwe le masome a mane le borobobedi.
Contents
Ba Ngarange ba amogilwe dikarata tsa Omang[baakanya | edit source]
Puso e kopilwe go itlhaganelela go rarabolola kgang ya batho bangwe ba motse wa Ngarange mo Okavango ba ba amogilweng boagedi ka dipelaelo tsa gore ke batswakwa.Kopo eo e tsile ka mogokgo wa sekole se se botlana sa Ngarange, rre Stephen Lucas, mo phuthegong ya kgotla e buisiwa ke mopalamente wa Okavango rre Vister Moruti kwa Xaudumo.Rre Lucas a re e ne ya re ka 2004, ba lephata la mesepele go tswa Gumare ba amoga batho bangwe ba motse wa Ngarange dikarata tsa Omang ba bo ba ba busetsa kwa lefatsheng la Namibia kwa go dumelwang ba tlholega teng.A re e ne ya re morago ga malatsinyana batho bao ba bontsi jwa bone e leng ba letso la Sesarwa ba boela mo Botswana kwa motseng wa Ngarange.A re fa e sa le yone nako eo, batho bao ba na le mathata ka gore ga ba kgone go bona dithuso tsa puso ka go tsewa gore ke batswakwa.Mogokgo a re bana ba batsadi bao ba rontshitswe tshwanelo ya thuto ka ba sa letlelelwe go boela mo sekoleng.Rre Lucas a re kgang eo e a tshwenya ka gore mo tshimologong ya ngwaga le ngwaga, batsadi ba bana bao ba ya kwa sekoleng go leka go kwadisa bana ntswa go sa kgonagale.A re se se hutsafatsang ke gore bana bao ba sasankega mo motseng fa bangwe ba bone ba setse ba na le bana.O kopile puso go itlhaganelela go thusa batho bao gore fa e le gore go ka twe ke batswakwa, ba busediwe ga bone kgotsa ba neelwe boagedi jwa lefatshe leno.E ne ya re a tsibogela seo, rre Moruti a bolela fa kgang eo e setse e le kwa go tona yo o lebanyeng, legale o solofeditse go e sala morago ka e tshwenya.
Khansele e tlisa dithabololo[baakanya | edit source]
Mothusa modulasetilo wa kgaolo ya bokone bophirima, Rre Lathang Molonda, o akgoletse ba ofisi ya kanamiso ya dithoto kwa kgaolong eo go tsenyetsa malwapa a batlhoki a le mabedi dipompo tsa metsi kwa Maun.O ne a bolela gore go dira jalo go supa gore khansele ya bokone bophirima e tlhokometse batho, e tlhabolola matshelo a batho ba yone e bile e isa ditirelo kwa setshabeng. Rre Molonda o ne a bua jalo kwa moletlong wa go abela bana ba malwapa ao, ba e leng masiela kwa kgotleng ya Boseja/Kubung kwa Maun ka Laboraro. O ne a tswelela ka go kopa maphata a mangwe go dira jaaka bone, go fa batlhoki dithuso tse ba ka di kgonang gore ba ba ntshe mo lehumeng.Modulasetilo wa komiti ya go isa dithuso kwa bathong, Rre Gaotwesepe Barwatlhapi, o ne a re ba simolotse dithuso tseo mo ngwageng o o fetileng.O ne a bolela gore madi a ba neng ba reka ka one, a ne kgobokanngwa ka go koleka 50 thebe ka letsatsi, fa a kopanngwa otlhe e nna P120.
Rre Barwatlhapi o ne a bolela gore go fa dithuso ke bontlhabongwe jwa go araba boikuelo jwa ga Tautona Khama jwa gore batlhoki ba thusiwe, a bolela le gore ba tlaa oketsa palo ya dipompo mo ngwageng e e tlang go nna nne. Mogolwane wa kanamiso dithoto wa kgaolo ya bokone bophirima, Rre Gaokaelwe Mpho, yo le ene a thusitseng thata ka mogopolo wa go thusa masiela, le ene ka nosi e le lesiela, o ne a tlhalosa ka botlhoko jwa go nna lesiela, bogolo jang fa go se na mogolo yo o go thusang go lebagana le dikgwetlho. O ne a tlhalosa gore ba ne ba tlhopha malwapa a batlhoki ka khupelekhupele, ba thusiwa ke ba ofisi ya boipelego go leba ba seemo sa bone.Mokhanselara wa kgotla ya Boseja/Kubung, Rre Vepaune Moreti, o ne a bolela gore go lebega lenaneo la ga Tautona la go thusa batlhoki le tsweletse sentle e bile le tlaa nna le maduo a a bonalang. [edit] Dikgoge tsa kwa ntle.
Dikgoge tsa kwa ntle[baakanya | edit source]
Dipadi tse dingwe.[baakanya | edit source]
Coordinates: 18°23′46″S 22°00′18″E / 18.39611°S 22.00500°E


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Concepción
Concepción ke toropo kgolo kwa borwa Chile. E na le baagi ba le 216.061 (2002).
Ditso[baakanya | edit source]
Toropo ya Concepción e simolotswe ke Pedro de Valdivia[1] ka ngwaga wa 1950 kwa bokone jwa noka ya Bío-Bío River, e e bidiwangPenco mo bosheng. Ka nako eo e ne e bidiwa Concepción del Nuevo Extremo. Lefelo la bonno gone koo le ne le le dikhilomithara tse di mmalwa go tsweng bokone jwa La Frontera (Frontier), molelwane o o magareng ga Spanishle lefatshe la Mapuche, segongwana sa morafe wa American Indian se ne sa neelwa boipuso go fitlheleleng ka ngwaga wa 1870. Bonno joo bo ne jwa tsibogelwa ke baeteledipele ba Mafora e le toropo morago ga dingwaga tse pedi. E ne ya fiwa setswantsho sa puso se se ntseng se dirisiwa le gompieno.
Ka jalo toropo ya Concepción e ne e le bonn jwa masole a lefatshe la Captaincy-General of Chile, le ne la senngwa e bile la phatlaladiwa ke Mapuche armies ka ngwaga wa 1554, morago ga gore e dirwe sesha ka ngwaga wa 1555. Concepción e ne ya nna gape ka nako ka dithulaganyo tsa goromente wa García Hurtado de Mendoza ha a goroga koo ka ngwaga wa 1557 fa a sena go aga kago ya Pinto. Toropo eo ene ya dirwa gape sesha ka ngwaga wa 1558, Ferikgong a thola malatshi a borataro ke rramasole yo o bidiwang Jerónimo de Villegas. E ne ya nna dikago tse ditona tsa masole a a neng a le kgatlhanong le Mapuche kwa Araucanía mo dinageng tse di lekgolo tse di tlang, e gola ka palo ya batho ba le dikete tse di lesome ntle le siege ka ngwaga wa 1564 le ditlhaselo tse dingwe tse di dirilweng ke Mapuche. Concepción e ne e le motse wa Real Audienciago tsweng ka ngwaga wa 1565 go fithelela ka ngwaga wa 1575.
Earthquakes le tsunamis, tse di eleng tsa nna teng mo toropong eo ka ngwaga wa1570, 1657, 1687, 1730 le 1751, di ile tsa gwetlha bana le dithata go sutisa toropo eo go e baya ko e ne e le teng lantlha ko Valle de la Mocha, mabapi le Bío-Bío River; lefelo la ntlha le nna le sena sepe ka ngwaga 1842 fa toropo e ya Penco e tlhongwa.
The new site for the town of Concepción became the main town of the Intendancy of Concepción, whose jurisdiction extended from the Maule River to La Frontera. The first Intendant of Concepción was the Irishman Ambrose O'Higgins, Marquis of Osorno, who later became Royal Governor of Chile and Viceroy of Peru.
Fa boeteledi pele jwa goromente wa First National bo kopana koo Santiago ka ngwaga wa 1810, ba na le boagedi ba Concepción ba kopanela bokopanelo joo le bone. Concepción e ne e dirisiwa ele kgoro ya go tsena mo dipolotiking ke ba sesole jwa Sefora go lekeletsa Viceroyalty of Peru ka maikelelo a go batla go laola Chile.
Metshameko[baakanya | edit source]
Concepción ke lefatshe la ditlopha tse di tona tsa kgwele ya dinao.( football):
- Club Deportivo Universidad de Concepción, mo nakong e e leng ko godimo ga loko ya Liga Chilena de Fútbol: Primera División
- Club Deportivo Ferroviario Almirante Arturo Fernández Vial, mo nakong e e leng mo leking ya boraro, Tercera A
- Club de Deportes Concepción, mo nakong ya gompieno e mo leking ya bobedi, Liga Chilena de Fútbol: Primera B
Bolo ya diatla e tshamikiwa ka boleng jwa maamo aa kwa godimo. Sethopha se se itsiwing thata ke sa:
- Club Deportivo Universidad de Concepción, mo bogompienong se se leng kwa DIMAYOR, División Mayor del Básquetbol de Chile
Dipadi tse dingwe[baakanya | edit source]
- ↑ I.S.W. Vernon, 1969


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You are currently browsing comments. If you would like to return to the full story, you can read the full entry here: “BURNING LOVE”.
BURNING LOVEPosted by KENOSI DANIEL on December 9, 2013 29 Comments
29 Responses to “BURNING LOVE”
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Cool Kay 2013/12/09
Serves him right, what on earth was he thinking??
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Kesa 2013/12/09
Phasudi, le lona ako lo leseng boaka bathong, third day of marriage, a bo ibile o jaaa.. ajaaa kwa ntle? Le maaka a tla lo bolaya Phasudi.. di santse di tsile gole gadika ka mafura dinyatsi..O kgwe lethe o bakele bonyatsi Boy..
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pretty 2013/12/09
ke tshega ka ke itse both of you.wena Phesudi o tla ithuta go tlotla batho.show respect to ur wife,the third day,o worse
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letimone 2013/12/09
life goes on
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Owai. Nyaa ba mo irile sentle. That’s the good results of adultery.
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TopJudge 2013/12/10
This has no heart. How can you stay with a woman for 8 full years and expect her to be your toy only? Again he said he was surprised that the girlfriend is jolous.
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CUDDLESOME 2013/12/10
@ Kesa. Kana lenna ke hakgametse. 3 days bathong? Le dipitsa tsa lenyalo dine di ise di tlhatswiwe, ene o ile boakeng.
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Lebzangwana Dreamz 2013/12/10
This man nid to explain better than this explaination that he has given………..
May the God of heaven And Earth have Mercy upon him.
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Cotty 2013/12/10
Pity she missed the target. That would have taught Phasudi gore boaka ga bo busetse.
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Kesa 2013/12/10
@Cuddlesome… tota lenyalo ga losa tlhole le na le boleng, gatwe go nyalelwang bathong, a ke lorato? ake gore batho ba go bone? a ke gore o fiwe a three bedroomed ko spaneng without sharing… bathong go nyalelwa eng? nthusang bo ntsalaka…
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ggal 2013/12/10
ao shame, botlhalebo go jele papa
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Tsotsi Wee 2013/12/10
Yeah ye, babe got boobs! “she wanted to fry my private parts” ouch! Yeah, on the plate i got shallow fried sausage on a bed of exotic potatoes lightly fried! Its this kinda delicacies tht made Hagar the Horrible so horrible. Tht hole u wer after is dangerous ma man, it destroyed many great men. Yahooooooooo!!!! i fill goooood!!!!
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Mmaona 2013/12/10
Hahaaahaha! Ke mathta!.Tota jaanong Kabo ene ke eng a re o ntse a sa itse gore her husband is involved with Modisenyne, ene husband wa teng ene are”Our relationship was not a secrect as we have 2yrs old child, ebile my family knows about her” Mxm ke dumalana le wena Lebzangwana, monna yo o tshwanetse gore tlotlela sentle ene le basadi ba gagwe. Kante ke eng ba re tshamikisa?
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Phandlane 2013/12/10
Ke eng o nne o sa dake mafura aob MISTA bona jaaka a go blacksemsitse. legale o tlaa daka nxt time.mayb da one you are eating fromn small house e tshetswe ka moroton wa tshwene!
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Didi Didier 2013/12/11
i dont blame Modisanyane, selo sa ntlha ke gore rre yo senang boikarebelo yo o mo dietse nako eight years is not a joke. Gape ke ke ipotsa gore fa mosadi wa ga joseph a re o batla dikgomo tse eight o bua botlhodi jwa kae, a le belle kgang from both sides a seka a kgatlhiwa ke gore o tla sekisa motho cos le Modisanyane le ene o na le right ya go sekisa Joseph. Ka fa ke bonang ka teng Joseph ke ene yo molato kana ke re ga a itlhaloganye. He even mentioned gore relationship ya gagwe le Modisanyane ne e itse ko lwapeng ya gagwe jaanong if at all Modisanyane wa sekisiwa a lelwapa la ga Joseph le lone le seke cos all along ba ntse ba amogetse ngwana yo wa batho (Modisanyane)yet ba itse gore ngwana wa bone o batlile mosadi, dilo tse dingwe ke boatla fela.
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cheerful 2013/12/11
“But on the other hand our relationship was not a secret as we have a two -year- old child.
My family knows about her. Now I will let the law take its course,” he said.
Both are wrong in their own way
How many people are going to have
boiling oil spilled over them – this is considered serious bodily harm if this is not going to be stopped??????
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chidala 2013/12/12
ao mma mosadi ke en ethe main man mo relationshipong…dont do that to our man…he was trying only to be a man!
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le wena o sefatlha rra 3 days after marriage..o tla re tshabisa nyalo motho ke wena….ke go tlhala rite o bua gore o ne o tseela o ne o tlhwaafaletswe,o tshamekela mo bathong..
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docter 2013/12/12
hey banna ba kgonwa ke yone fishole ee kabiileng,yoo mosadi ga a swabe are kgomo tse 8 modisenyane le ene otla batla tse 4 akre le ene o jelwe,kana le gale o tsere mosadi skoloto bababatla gontsha magadi?hey monna o le ene o mompe kana go na le ko aleng montle teng.
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O monna ke Seaka…..finish. Fa e le mosadi wa gagwe ga a na mabaka ape a go sekisa MOdisenyana. She has been with this man for eight years and they have a child, worst the lady is known at the guy’s home. Ke ipotsa gore from the guy’s family no one mentioned the other woman and child, the guy le ene didn’t mention the child at least kwa ga molaodi. So he is also a pathetic liar. If I was this woman, I would not embarrass myself more, I will just dump this two timing bastard once and for all. If he can lie to you all this time including on your wedding time what else is he capable of. These are the kind of men who bring the virus home, shame we still have such animals in this age and era. Le ditlhong ga a na natso, a re let the law take its course, this are cases that waste court’s time. MOdisenyana o go gamotse
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carto 2013/12/12
M sorry to say this, but hey, Joseph really deserve this. 3 Days after your marriage and you are alredy sneaking out? Man up and grow up. Your concubine missed neh! this serves you right Mr Joseph.
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Chris M 2013/12/14
Hahahahahaha! Hei! Letlakala la monna! He said all this? No shame? Banna!
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marabea 2013/12/15
serves him ryt!!!!!!!!!!le beke asena beke anyetse
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dicks dee 2013/12/17
Ao batho why blaming one person.no one has the rit to harm someone.why didn,t she go to the law & let the law take its course.this is serious body harm.what if kamoso its ur own brother,a o tlare o siame agobetse kgotsa a sule.bokgaitsadi lesang go itseela ditshwetso molao o teng.kamoso ngwana wa gago o go bona o le motho yo o ntseng jang o gobaditse rraagwe,do u think she,l biliev u.ga ke re Joseph o siame go akafala.mme gone go sa tshwanelwa gore a gobatswe.
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dicks dee 2013/12/17
Ao batho why blaming one person.no one has the rit to harm someone.why didn,t she go to the law & let the law take its course.this is serious body harm.what if kamoso its ur own brother,a o tlare o siame agobetse kgotsa a sule.bokgaitsadi lesang go itseela ditshwetso molao o teng.kamoso ngwana wa gago o go bona o le motho yo o ntseng jang o gobaditse rraagwe,do u think she,l biliev u.ga ke re Joseph o siame go akafala.mme o ne sa tshwanelwa gore a gobatswe.
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Chom DaVin 2013/12/17
Mxm!! kant en ne a nts a dumelan ho na nyatsi, or ne a akanya hor Josephs o ta monyala
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tipa11 2013/12/18
Ke eng ane a sa robale le mosadi wa gagwe a kgotsofala? O ne a sa batle go jela rice ruri? k*ku e a bolaa
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cheerful 2013/12/27
Would be interesting to know the statistics of people,burnt by oil, or water or other means through this method of ending relationships
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monna o bolawa ke sa a se jang
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text:
Kgotla
kgotla ke bokopano jwa setshaba, batho ba ba nnang mmogo kgotsa molao wa setswana kgotlatshekelo ya magae a Botswana. Gantsi e etelelwa pele ke kgosi kgotsa mogolwane, gape le ditshwetso tsa batho di tlisiwa ke barongwa. Mongwe le mongwe o letelelwa go ntsha mafatlha a gagwe, gape ga gona ope yo o ka tsenang ganong se motho a se buang "fa ba bua maikutlo a bone". Go nale Setswana se se reng (ntwa kgolo ke ya molomo ). Ntateng ya ngwao, Botswana o ithaya a re ke ene yo motona mo pusong ya batho ka batho.
Mokgwa wa go letelela batho go bua mafatlha a bone go direlwa mo bokopanong jwa mefutla ka kakaretso, go tsweng mo go buisaneng go ya kwa go buisiweng ka boripana, gape go kgona go raya bokopano jwa metsotso e mentsi.
Kgotla gape e kgona go raya lone lefelo le go kopanelwang teng . Se se kgona go simolola ka ditlilo di le kwa tlase ga moriti go ya kwa lefelong la sennela ruri le nale ditlilo. Mo tlhaloganyong,leina le adimilwe mo sekgoweng sa Botswana go tsweng mo Setswaneng, le le rayang kgotla .
Mo sekgoweng sa Aferika Borwa , lekgotla ke bokopano jo bo bidiwang ke puso go buisana ka ditlogamano. Leina le adimilwe mo Sesothong, gape le raya kgotla .
Kgotla ya Batswana[baakanya | edit source]
Kgotla e kaiwa mo setsong sa Setswana jaaka lefelo la botlhokwatlhokwa. Ke felo kwa melao ya morafe e dirwang gone le ditsheko di tsenelang gone. Kgotla ngwe le ngwe, go ya ka Setswana, e biletswa boreaitse go thaya kgotla gore go sireletswe kgosi le morafe. Go epelwa lenaka la mere kgotla lenaka le beiwa mo mpontsheng go ya ka thato ya kgosi le baeletsi ba gagwe. Kgotla e agiwa go ya ka bogolo jwa morafe mme e agiwa jaaka seripagare sa kgolokwe.
Gantsi, ke Kgosi, borangwanaagwe le bao ba tlhopilweng ke ntlo ya kwa kgosing ba ba dirang le go fetola melao ya morafe. Manno kwa kgotla a dulwa go ya ka maemo a motho mo morafeng. Batlhanka le batlhoki ba dula kgakala xle kgosi. Bomatwetwe, batlhabani ba diganka le bahumi ba dula gaufi le kgosi. Ke gone fa mannong fa moo go neng gp bonwa gore ke mang yo nang le meraka e mentsi, e e sasailang ka metlhape ya dikgomo le letsomane la dinku.
Kgotla, kwa dipitso tsa morafe di tshwarelwang gone, ka gale e agiwa gaufi le kwa kgosing ka magong a ditlhare tsa mokgalo le moselesele, mme e agiwa ka mokwa yo o latelang:
Manno a kgotla - gantsi ka fa tlase ga setlhare
Lepatlelo la kgotla – go amogela bao ba tla emang ka dinao kwa kgotla
Leobo – moago e ruletsweng ka bojang
Leiso – kwa molelo o besiwang gone go ithuthafatsa, go apaya tota le go baya metsi mo isong
Lesaka la dikgomo
Ntlwana – e agiwa ka kwa morago ga lesaka
Kgotla e e kwa godimodimo ke kgotla ya kgosi. Mme yona e latelwa ke dikgotla tsa dikgosana le dikgotla tsa malapa. Senno sa kgotla se dirisiwa kwa kgotla fela, ga se tswe ka kgotla. Mme senno seno se dirwa ka legong la setlhare sa mokgalo, morolwana kgotsa mokabi. Dinno gantsi di betliwa ke banna ba motse.
Mo malatsing a gompieno dikgotla di fetogile go tsamaya le dinako. Sepodisa le meago mengwe ya puso e agiwa gaufi kgotsa go nna karolo ya kgotla.
Dipadi tse dingwe.[baakanya | edit source]
Dikgoge tsa kwa ntle[baakanya | edit source]
- [1] Retrieved 21 May 2008. Example of use in South African context
Dipadi tse dingwe.[baakanya | edit source]
- (2002) Oxford Dictionary of South African EnglishTemplate:Botswana-stub