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Sibobani Tsine BoFakazi BaJehova?
Sichamuka emakhulwini etinhlanga tebantfu futsi sikhuluma tilwimi letehlukahlukene kodvwa sihlanganiswa yimigomo lefananako. Ngetulu kwaloko, sifisa kudvumisa Jehova, Nkulunkulu lokukhulunywa ngaye eBhayibhelini longuMdali wetintfo tonkhe. Senta konkhe lokusemandleni etfu kute silingise Jesu Khristu futsi siyatigcabha ngekubitwa ngekutsi singemaKhristu. Sonkhe sisebentisa sikhatsi setfu sisita bantfu kutsi bafundze ngeliBhayibheli kanye neMbuso waNkulunkulu. Ngesizatfu sekutsi siyafakaza ngaNkulunkulu Jehova nobe sikhuluma ngaye nangeMbuso wakhe, satiwa ngekutsi siboFakazi BaJehova.
Ngena ku-Web site yetfu. Fundza liBhayibheli kule-Web site. Fundza kabanti ngatsi netinkholelo tetfu.

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LiBhayibheli
LiBhayibheli, liyitsatsa njengencwadzi lendze lokumatima kuyicondza ngaletinye tikhatsi.
- “Livi lakho liliciniso.” (Johane 17:17)
- “Akube khashane naNkulunkulu kuba ngumenti walokubi, kwenta bubi akube khashane naSomandla.” (Jobe 34:10)
- “Babe wetfu losezulwini, ...umbuso wakho awute. Intsandvo yakho ayentiwe emhlabeni, njengobe yentiwa ezulwini.” (Matewu 6:9,10)
Leligama Libhayibheli, liphindze libitwe ngekutsi Libhayibheli Lelingcwele, lingasho linye nobe mabili kulamabhuku enkholo layinhlitiyo yenkholo yebuJuda kanye nebuKristu - Mibhalo Lengcwele yeMahebheru kanye neBuKristu ngekuhlonipheka.
Libhayibheli lisilundza sekucala semlandvo wakudzala wase-Isirayeli. Kepha libhayibheli akusilo nje libhuku lemlandvo, kepha mabhuku alo kusuka ku-Joshuwa kuye tukweTikronike tesibili msebenti lowabhalwa bafundzi bemlandvo wakudzala waka-Israyeli. Bafundzi bemlandvo baka-Israyeli babhala lomlandvo ngelwati lebalibona liliciniso ngekwemlandvo. Njengebabhali bemlandvo banyalo, babhali beliBhayibheli bebavamise kuniketa tizatfu ngekwemlandvo nobe lwati lwangaphambilini ngetintfo lebebabhala ngato (e.g., 1Samuel 28:31 Sam. 28:3, 1Kings 18:3, 1 Kings 18:3, 2Kings 9:14b-15, 2 Kings 9:14b-15a, 2Kings 13:5-6, 2Kings 15:12, 2Kings 17:7-23).
BuJuda busebentis incenye yinye yalamabhuku leyatiwangekutsi yi-Tanakh, Libhayibheli lemaHebheru, livamiswe kuhlukwaniswa tincenye letintsatfu: i-Torah ("infundziso" nobe "umtsetfo"), i-Nevi'im ("bapholofethi"), ne-Ketuvim ("imibhalo").
Lelibhayibheli lelifundvwa Makrestu lihlukene tigaba letibili letiliThestamente Lelidzala neliThestamente Lelisha. Kuma kwemibhalo yeliThestamente Lelidzala kuphikiswana ngako emkhatsini wemacembu eBukristu: ma-Protestants atsatsa onke mabhuku siHebheru njengemabhuku lekungiwo lekufanele abe tukweliThestamente Lelidzala. Makhatokila aseRoma kanye nema-Orthodox aseMpumalanga angeta mabhuku e-deuterocanonical, mabhuku emaJuda, njengemibhalo lekufanele ifakwe tukweli-Thestamente Lelidzala. LiThestamente Lelisha lakhiwe maGosbheli ("tindzaba letimnandzi"), Tento tebaPostoli, ma-Epistles (timcwadzi), kanye neLibhuku leSambulo.
Ngalesinye sikhatsi leligama "libhayibheli" like lisetshentiswe uma kukhulunya ngalamanye mabhuku lamikhaba yanobe nguyiphi inkholo, nobe uma kukhulunya ngencwadzi lechaza kabanti ngesihloko tsite.
Nevi'im[hlela | edit source]
I-Nevi'im, nobe "Bapholofethi," ikhuluma ngekukhula kwebuso wemaHebheru, kuhlukana kwawo ube tigaba letibili, nebapholofeti la, ngeligama Lasimakadze, bacwayisa makhosi kanye nebaNtfwana bakaIsrayeli ngepanishiwa nguSimakadze. Kugcina ngekuncotshwa kweBukhosi baka-Isirayeli ba-Assyrians, kuncotshwa kwebukhosi bakaJuda maBhabhin, kanye nekuwa kweliThempeli laseJerusalema. Tincenye talamabhuku alabapholofethi afundvwa maJuda ngeliSabatha (Shabbat). Libhuku la Jonah lifundvwa nge-Yom Kippur.
Ngekwelisiko emaJuda, i-Nevi'im ihlukaniswe tigaba letisiphohlongo temabhuku. Kutolikwa lokusha kwato kuhlukaniswe tigaba letimashumi lamabili nakunye.
I-Nevi'im iphetse lamabhuku lasiphohlongo lalandzelayo:
- 6. Joshua, Js—Yehoshua (יהושע)
- 7. Judges, Jg—Shoftim (שופטים)
- 8. Samuel, includes First and Second 1Sa–2Sa—Shemuel (שמואל)
- 9. Kings, includes First and Second, 1Ki–2Ki—Melakhim (מלכים)
- 10. Isaiah, Is—Yeshayahu (ישעיהו)
- 11. Jeremiah, Je—Yirmiyahu (ירמיהו)
- 12. Ezekiel, Ez—Yekhezkel (יחזקאל)
- 13. Twelve, includes all Minor Prophets—Tre Asar (תרי עשר)
- A. Hosea, Ho—Hoshea (הושע)
- B. Joel, Jl—Yoel (יואל)
- C. Amos, Am—Amos (עמוס)
- D. Obadiah, Ob—Ovadyah (עבדיה)
- E. Jonah, Jh—Yonah (יונה)
- F. Micah, Mi—Mikhah (מיכה)
- G. Nahum, Na—Nahum (נחום)
- H. Habakkuk, Hb—Havakuk (חבקוק)
- I. Zephaniah, Zp—Tsefanya (צפניה)
- J. Haggai, Hg—Khagay (חגי)
- K. Zechariah, Zc—Zekharyah (זכריה)
- L. Malachi, Ml—Malakhi (מלאכי)
Ketuvim[hlela | edit source]
Ketuvim, nobe "Imibhalo", kufanele kutsi yabhalwa ngesikhatsi nobe emva kwekuBanjwa maBhabhlona. Ngekusho kwemasiko esi-Rabbinic tradition kanye nato tihloko temaHubo, lamanyenti emahubo lasebhukwini lemaHubo abhalwa ngu-Davide; kutsenjwa kutsi Inkosi Solomoni yabhala Tihlabelelo Tetihlabelelo eminyakeni yakhe yebusha, Libhuku lemavi Lahlakaniphile eminyakeni yekhe yebudzala yemphilo, kanye neTicclesiastes ngesikhasi sekagugile; umpholofethi Jeremiya kukholelwa kutsi wabhala Lamentations. Libhuku la-Ruth ngilo kuphela libhuku lasebhayibhelini lelibukene nebantfu labangasi maJuda. Lilibhuku la-Ruth likhuluma ngendzaba yemuntfu lekangasilo liJuda (pheceleti, umMoabi lobekashade nemJuda lekwatsi ngekufa kwalomJuda, walandzela etindleni temaJuda; ngekusho kwelibhayibheli, lona wekunene bekangukhokhokati we-Nkosi Davide. Lasihlanu kulamabhuku labitwa ngekutsi "Tikroli Lenhlanu" (Megilot), afundvwa ngemaholide emaJuda: Tihlabelelo Tetihlabelelo nge Passover; Libhuku la-Ruth nge Shavuot; Lamentations ne Ninth of Av; Macclesiastes nge Sukkot; kanye ne-Libhulu la-Esta nge Purim. Konke nje, i-Ketuvim iphetse tinkhodlo temagama, mibono ngemphilo, kanye netindzaba tebapholofethi nalab 1000 anye baholi bemaJuda ngesikhatsi kubhaqwe eBhabhilona. Igcina ngemlayelo wasePheshiya lovumela maJuda kutsi abuyele eJerusalema kuyo wakha liThempeli.
I-Ketuvim iphetse lamabhuku lalishumimi nakuye lalandzelayo, ahlukasiwe kumabhuku latolikiwe anyala agcine sekalishuma nakubili ngekuhlukana kwa Ezra naNehemiya:
- 14. Psalms, Ps—Tehillim (תהלים)
- 15. Proverbs, Pr—Mishlei (משלי)
- 16. Job, Jb—Iyyov (איוב)
- 17. Song of Songs, So—Shir ha-Shirim (שיר השירים)
- 18. Ruth, Ru—Rut (רות)
- 19. Lamentations, La—Eikhah (איכה), also called Kinot (קינות)
- 20. Ecclesiastes, Ec—Kohelet (קהלת)
- 21. Esther, Es—Ester (אסתר)
- 22. Daniel, Dn—Daniel (דניאל)
- 23. Ezra, Ea, includes Nehemiah, Ne—Ezra (עזרא), includes Nehemiah (נחמיה)
- 24. Chronicles, includes First and Second, 1Ch–2Ch—Divrei ha-Yamim (דברי הימים), also called Divrei (דברי)
i-Torah[hlela | edit source]
Ngekusho kwalamanye maJuda ngesikhatsi se-Hellenistic, njenge baSajusi, i-Torah yayitfolakala ngekutolikwa lokuncane ngekwemlomo, lebekunga chubekeli ngekwekuvisiseka kwelibhayibheli. Ngekusho kweBafarisi, Simakadze waveta i-Torah lebeyibhaliwe kanye ne-Torah leyakhulunywa kuMosi, le-Torah leyakhulunywa beyiphetse tindzaba kanye nemitsetfo. TukwebuJuda bebu-Rabbinic, le-Torah leyakhu 1000 lunywa ibalulekile ekuvisiseni le-Torah Lebhaliwe ngekwekukhuluma. (ngoba lite bonkamisa, nabongwaca, kanye nesihlukasi magama) ne-exegetically. Le-Torah leyakhulunywa inetigaba letihlukene, sicalo Halacha (imitsetfo), ne-Aggadah (tindzaba), kanye ne-Kabbalah (lwati lolu-esoteric). Tigaba letinkhulu taloMtsetfo Lokhulunyiwe setagcina tibhalwe phansi, sibonelo yi-Mishnah; ne-Tosefta; Midrash, nane-Midrash Rabbah, ne-Sifre, ne-Sifra, kanye ne-Mechilta; kanye ne-Talmud yemaBhabhilona nemaJerusalema futsi.
buJuda bebu-Orthodox buyachubeka nekwamukela i-Torah Leyakhulunywa njengoba injalo. Masorti ne-maJuda langalamukelilushintsho batsi i-Torah Leyakhulunywa yabusiswa moya loyingcwele, kepha bayakushaya indiva kuphikisana kwalo lapha nalapha. BuJuda lobubuyisanako nabo bamukela i-Talmud lephetse imibhalo ye-Torah Leyakhulunywa, kepha, njenge-Torah leyabhalwa, tindzawana letilawulwe, kepha tingaka ndlovukelwa, nguSimakadze. BuJuda Bekwakhiwa buyabuphika kuchumana ne-Torah, Lebhaliwe kanye naLeyakhulunywa, naSimakadze.
Lombhalo longe Mibono yemaJuda ngeLibhayibheli icoca ngekutsi alivisisa njani Libhayibheli maJuda, kufaka ekhatsi ticephu tembono telibhayibheli takudzala Targums kuya ku-Rabbinic literature, imibhalo ye-midrash, nemibhalo lebalulekile ye-medieval commentators, kanye nemibono yesimanje yemaJuda ngelibhayibheli.


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IGibhithe
Lokucuketfwe
Live[hlela | edit source]
- Libito :Gumhūriyyat Misr al-'Arabiyyah(Iriphablikhi yema-Arabhu yeGibhithe)
- Lihubi lesive :Bilady,bilady,bilady(live lami,live lami,live lami)
- Inhlokodolobha :Cairo
- umfula lomkhulu :inayili
- Bubanti belive : 980.869km²
hulumende[hlela  | edit source]
- luhlobo :iriphablikhi
- mengameli :Mohamed hosni mubarak
- sishayamtsetfo :liphalamende lelimbacambili
- tifundza :tingemashumi lamabili nesiphohlongo
bantfu[hlela | edit source]
- linani : 80,335,036 (kulinganisa kwanga-2007)
- Tilwimi : si-Arabhu
- lukholo :80-90% busulumane,10-20% bukhristu
umlandvo[hlela | edit source]
iGibhithe inemlandvo lomudze wemakhulukhulu eminyaka ekushintjana kwemibuso leminyenti.IGibhithe lelugwadvule kepha-ke yona ayifani naletinye tingwadvule ngoba kuyo kugeleta umfula iNayili lokungumfula lomudze kuyedlula yonkhe emhlabeni[1].loku ngiko lokwaletsa emaGibhithe ekucala kulendzawo ngeminyaka yabo-8000 BC.Nga-BC 3150 faro Menes wahlanganisa imibuso lemibili,wasenyakatfo naseningizimu kwaba ngumbuso munye wemaGibhithe.emva kwekuhlangana kwalemibuso kwalandzela sikhatsi semphucuko lenkhulu.Emagibhithe afundza kubhala,kudvweba.kwakha nalokunye lokunyeti lokwenta lesive sichakate kwedlula letinye.
Faro Ramses lowabusa kusukela ku-1279 BC kuya ku-1212 BC wakha emathempeli lamanyenti,takhiwo letinhle kanye netindzawo tekuchakambisa lukholo lwemaGibhithe.lomunye faro lowadvuma kwaba ngu-Akhinathoni lobekagcugcutela kutsi emaGibhithe advumise Nkulunkulu munye.
Nga-332BC emaGibhithe ancotjwa ngu-Alexander the Great lowasungula lidolobha i-Alexandria elugwini lwalelive ,lelidolobha laba yindzawo lebalulekile kutekuhweba.


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MHLABUHLANGENE
Mhla tilishumi enyangeni yeNgongoni emnyakeni wanga‐1948 (10 December 1948), uMhlangano wawonkhewonkhe waMhlabuhlangene wemukela waphindze wamemetela simemetelo Sawonkhewonkhe Lesimayelana Nemalungelo Ebuntfu. LeSimemetelo sibhalwe ngalokugcwele kulamakhasi (emapheji) lalandzelako. Kulandzela Lesimiso lesingumlandvo loMhlangano‐ke wabese ukhulumisana nemave lakulenhlangano yakaMhlabuhlangene yawatjela kutsi akasakate atise bantfu mayelana nalendzaba lebhaliwe leSimemetelo aphindze futsi lamave "asakate atise labanye bantfu labatayichubela embili lendzaba ngekuyisakata, babonise labanye ngalendzaba, baphindze bayichasise etikolweni, nakuletinye takhiwo netimiso letiphatselene netemfundvo, ngaphandle kokwenta lubandlululo lolusukela kutembusave wakulawo mave noma wakuleto tifundza.
SIMEMETELO SEMHLABA WONKHE MAYELANA NEMALUNGELO EBUNTFU
SINGENISO
Njengoba
kwatiswa ngekubakhona ngekwemvelo kwesitfunti sebuntfu, nekulingana lokufananako, nangekuba nemalungelo langenakwemukwa noma langenakutsatfwa kulelo nalelo lilunga lelingumndeni webuntfu, konkhe loku‐ke kungumgogodla noma kusisekelo senkhululeko, sekwenta lokulungile nesekuba nekuthula emhlabeni wonkhe jikelele,
Nanjengoba
, kunganaki nekwedzelela emalungelo ebuntfu kugcine sekudale tento letinelunya nebulwane kwabuye futsi kwatfukutselisa nembeza wesintfu sonkhe, kwashabalalisa sifiso nekulobitela kwekutsi etikhatsini letitako sintfu sitawutfokotela kuba nenkhululeko yekukhuluma, nekukholwa, nenkhululeko yekuhlala ngaphandle kokwesaba nekweswela, konkhe loku‐ke sekumenyetelwe njengetifiso letimcoka kabi eluntfwini,
Nanjengoba‐ke
kwekutsi lomunye umuntfu akufanele kutsi aze aphoceleleke kubalekela noma ekucindzetelelekeni kutsi atsatse tinyatselo letitsite kuze atikhiphe ekuphatfweni ngelunya nangekucindzetelwa, kuze emalungelo esintfu avikeleke ngalokusemtsetfweni,
Njengoba
kumcoka kukhulisa budlelwane lobuhle emkhatsini wetive,
Nanjengoba
bantfu bakaMhlabuhlangene kulencwadzi yetivumelwano (i‐Charter) baphindze futsi bagcizelela kukholelwa kwabo esisekelweni semalungelo ebantfu, esitfuntini nasebunguyeni, nasekulinganeni kwemalungelo ebantfu besifazane nebesilisa, nasekucopheleleni ekuphakamiseni inchubekela phambili yemphakatsi, nekwenta lizinga lenhlalo libencono enkhululekweni,
Njengoba
emave langemalunga (Member States) enta sitsembiso ekufezeni, ngekubambisana naMhlabuhlangene, ekuchubekiseleni phambili inhlonipho yemhlaba wonkhe nekunakekela emalungelo ebantfu kanye nekukhululeka lokusisekelo,
Njengoba
kucondzakala lokuvamile kwalamalungelo naletinkhululeko kuyintfo lemcoka kakhulu kuze kubonakale ngalokugcwele lokwenta lesitsembiso,
Nyalo, Ngakoke, UMHLANGANO WAWONKHEWONKHE Umemetala kutsi
LESI SIMEMETELO SEMHLABA WONKHE LESIMAYELANA NEMALUNGELO EBUNTFU singatsi silizinga lelivamile lelikhomba imphumelelo yebantfu bonkhe kanye netive tonkhe, kuze kutsi ekugcineni wonkhe umuntfu ngamunye ngamunye, nemagatja anoma ngumuphi umphakatsi, ngekuhlala bacabanga ngaleSimemetelo ngaso sonkhe sikhatsi, batawuzama ngekufundzisa nekwatisa kuze bakhulise lizinga lokuba nenhlonipho mayelana nalamalungelo netinkhululeko, nangekutsatsa tinyatselo letiya embili, esiveni nasemphakatsini wetive, kuze letintfo titfole kutsi tatiwe mhlabawonkhe, tatiwe ngemiphumela nangekuvumeleka kwato nangekutsi‐ke tiyagcinwa (noma tiyentiwa), tigcine tigcinwa ngiwo onkhe emave langemalunga elenhlangano (Member States) ngekwawo tibuye futsi tigcinwe futsi ngemave langaphansi kwalamave lakulenhlangano.
INTFO YEKUCALA (1)
Bonkhe bantfu batalwa bakhululekile balingana ngalokufananako ngesitfunti nangemalungelo. Baphiwe ingcondvo nekucondza kanye nanembeza ngakoke bafanele batiphatse nekutsi baphatse nalabanye ngemoya webuzalwane.
INTFO YESIBILI (2)
Wonkhe umuntfu uvumelekile kuwo onkhe emalungelo netinkhululeko letibhalwe lapha kuleSimemetelo, ngaphandle kokubandlululwa noma nganguyiphi indlela, njengokutsi lowo muntfu akafanele abandlululwe ngenca yebuve, yembala, yebulili, yelulwimi, yelukholo, yembusave noma‐ke ngabe nganguwuphi umbono lakholelwa kuwo, buve bakhe noma umphakatsi laphuma kuwo, imphahla lanayo, kutalwa noma nalokunye lokumayelana nesikhundla saloyo muntfu.
Ngetulu kwaloko, kute lubandlululo lolungentiwa lususelwa kutembusave, kuletiphatselene nemandla etikhundla, noma‐ke kuletiphatselene nesikhundla (noma lizinga) lelolive lelikuso nalicatsaniswa nalamanye emave emhlaba wonkhe jikelele, noma‐ke kubukwe live noma sifundza lapho lomuntfu achamuka khona, noma lelolive lite mazibuse, noma lelolive linetimali, noma lelolive lite mazibuse, noma‐ke linaleminye imininingwane lekhubatako lemayelana nekutibusa.
INTFO YESITSATFU (3)
Wonkhe umuntfu unelilungelo lokuphila, lokukhululeka nekutibusela kanye nekuphepha kwakhe.
INTFO YESINE (4)
Kute namunye umuntfu lotawuphatfwa njengesigcila noma asetjentiswe njengesigcila, bugcila kanye nemsebenti wekutsengiselana ngetigcila wona‐ke awukavunyelwa noma ngabe wentiwa ngaluphi luhlobo.
INTFO YESIHLANU (5)
Kute namunye umuntfu longaphatfwa ngekuvisa buhlungu noma aphatfwe ngelunya, noma ngendlela lengenabo buntfu noma ngekumehlisa sitfunti noma ngekumjezisa.
INTFO YESITFUPHA (6)
Wonkhe umuntfu unelilungelo lekutsi abonakale kuyo yonkhe indzawo atsatfwe njengentfo lehamba embili kunemtsetfo.
INTFO YESIKHOMBISA (7)
Bonkhe bantfu bayalingana embikwemtsetfo kantsi banelilungelo lekuvikeleka ngaphansi kwemtsetfo ngaphandle kokubandlululwa. Bonkhe banelilungelo lelifananako ekuvikelekeni nasekubandlululweni lokwephula leSimemetelo, kantsi futsi‐ke bavikelekile noma ngabe ngukutiphi tindlela letingasetjentiswa tekubayenga kantsi tibe tibandlulula.
INTFO YESIPHOHLONGO (8)
Wonkhe muntfu unelilungelo lokutfola likhambi lelinemiphumela lebonakalako lelinganikwa libandla lelinelikhono ekutsetseni emacala esive ikakhulu emacaleni laphatselene netento tebudlova ekuphuleni emalungelweni lasisekelo lanawo lomuntfu, anawo ngekwemtsetfo‐mgogodla walelolive nemitsetfo yakhona.
INTFO YEMFICA (9)
Kute noma ngabe munye umuntfu longaboshwa noma ngayiphi indlela, noma abanjwe noma adzingiswe.
INTFO YELISHUMI (10)
Wonkhe umuntfu uvumelekile kutsi atfole kuviwa lokulinganako nalokufananako kantsi futsi lokungakhetsi uma lowo muntfu atekiswa licala; lelicala kufanele alitekiswe libandla lekutsetsa emacala lelingenako kukhetsa, ikakhulu uma lelibandla lizama kuncuma mayelana nemalungelo kanye netibopho takhe lomuntfu, nanoma‐ke lomuntfu atsetsiswa emacala lamabi kakhulu lamangalelwe wona.
INTFO YELISHUMI NAKUNYE (11)
Wonkhe umuntfu lobekwe licala leliphatselene nekujeziswa, lowo muntfu unelilungelo lekutsi acatjangwe njengemuntfu lomsulwa kuze kube nesiciniseko sekutsi unalo lelicala ngalokusemtsetfweni uma ngabe lomuntfu atsetsiwa lelicala phambi kwebantfu, lapho anikwe siciniseko sekutsi konkhe lokumcoka ekutivikeleni kwakhe lokuvunyelwene ngako kuyentiwa.
Kute umuntfu loyawubekwa licala lelihambelana nekujeziswa uma ngabe wente sento noma ngoba aphutse kwenta sento lesitsite lesingahambelani nekujeziswa, ngaphansi kwemtsetfo wesive newemave onkhe ngesikhatsi lomuntfu enta lesento noma angakasenti lesento. Kute futsi umuntfu longanika lomuntfu inhlawulo lematima leyendlula lenhlawulo lelayifanele anikwe yona ngalesosikhatsi uma lomuntfu enta lelo licala lelaliphatselene nekujeziswa.
INTFO YELISHUMI NAKUBILI (12)
Kute umuntfu longahlala njalo ahlushwa ngalokungekho emtsetfweni ahlushwa ngoba bantfu bangena tindzaba takhe letingesito tawonkhewonkhe, bangene tindzaba temndeni wakhe, telikhaya lakhe, noma ngekumbalela, noma‐ke ngekumsukela bahlambalaze bucotfo nesimilo salomuntfu kanye neligama lelihle lalomuntfu. Wonkhe umuntfu unalo lilungelo lekuvikeleka ngaphansi kwemtsetfo lobhekene nebantfu labatsandza kungena tindzaba talabanye noma‐ke labo labatsandza kuhlasela basukele labanye.
INTFO YELISHUMI NAKUTSATFU (13)
Wonkhe umuntfu unelilungelo nenkhululeko yekuhamba noma kunyakata nekuhlala ngekhatsi kwemcele wakulelo nalelo live.
Wonkhe umuntfu unelilungelo lekuphuma noma lekushiya noma nganguliphi live, kufake ekhatsi live lakhe latalwa kulo, nekutsi‐ke unelilungelo lekubuyela eveni lakhe.
INTFO YELISHUMI NESINE (14)
Wonkhe umuntfu uvumelekile kuyocela kukhosela nekutfola injabulo kulamanye emave nakabalekela kuhlushwa noma inhlupheko.
Lelilunglo lokuncengela noma lokucela kuyohlala kulelinye live ngeke lisetjentiswe uma ngabe lenhlupheko lecosha lomuntfu akusiyo inhlupheko lesuselwa emacaleni etembusave, noma‐ke uma ngabe lenhlupheko idalwe ngemacala ekuphula imigomo nemitsetfo yaMhlabuhlangene.
INTFO YELISHUMI NESIHLANU (15)
Wonkhe umuntfu unelilungelo lebuve.
Kute umuntfu longemukwa buve bakhe nobe afuna kubugucula.
INTFO YELISHUMI NESITFUPHA (16)
Bantfu besilisa nebesifazane lasebakhulile bafika emnyakeni logcwele, ngaphandle kwetivimbelo letisuselwa ekutseni lomuntfu wasive sini, nekutsi usive sini noma‐ke ukholwaphi, unelilungelo lokushada acale umndeni. Laba labashadile banemalungelo lalinganako nalafananako kulomshado, ngesikhatsi bahlalisana basashadile, noma‐ke ngesikhatsi sewupheliswa lomshado.
Umshado uyangenelwa kuphela uma ngabe labobantfu bakhululekile kantsi futsi banemvume yabo lephelele yekushada lomuntfu labamshadako.
Umndeni yinhlangano yemvelo nesisekelo lesiyintfo leyodvwa leyakha noma leyenta umphakatsi, umndeni‐ke unelilungelo lokulondvolotwa ngumphakatsi kanye nelive.
INTFO YELISHUMI NESIKHOMBISA (17)
Wonkhe umuntfu unelilungelo lokuba nemphahla lengeyakhe yedvwa abe futsi nemphahla layihlanganyele nalabanye.
Kute umuntfu longemukwa imphahla yakhe ngalokungekho emtsetfweni.
INTFO YELISHUMI NESIPHOHLONGO (18)
Wonkhe umuntfu unelilungelo lenkhululeko yengcondvo, yanembeza kanye neyelukholo; lelilungelo lifaka ekhatsi inkhululeko yekushintja lukholo noma inkholo, nenkhululeko, noma uyedvwa lowo muntfu noma usemphakatsini nalabanye, ekusitsekeni noma embikwebantfu, lowo muntfu uvumelekile kubonakalisa lukholo lwakhe noma inkholo yakhe ekufundziseni, enkonzweni nasekugcineni imitsetfo yekukholwa nekusontsa kwakhe.
INTFO YELISHUMI NEMFICA (19)
Wonkhe umuntfu unelilungelo lokukhuluma imibono yakhe ngenkhululeko nekukhuluma loku lafuna kukukhuluma; lelilungelo lifaka ekhatsi inkhululeko yekukholelwa emicondvweni letsite ngaphandle kokuphatanyiswa ngekufuna nekutfola nekusakata imibiko kanye nemicondvo noma ngabe ngangukuwuphi umsakato losakata tindzaba utisakata noma ngabe ngukuwuphi umncele.
INTFO YEMASHUMI LAMABILI (20)
Wonkhe umuntfu unelilungelo lenkhululeko lokuba senhlanganweni noma embutfwaneni lonekuthula
Kute umuntfu longaphocelelwa kutsi abe lilunga lanoma ngabe nguyiphi inhlangano.
INTFO YEMASHUMI LAMABILI NAKUNYE (21)
Wonkhe umuntfu unelilungelo lokuhlanganyela kuhulumende welive lakhe akwente loko ngekuba lilunga noma‐ke ngekukhetsa ngenkhululeko emalunga langammelela.
Wonkhe umuntfu uvumelekile noma unemalungelo lafananako nalalinganako ekusebentiseni tintfo letikhona letingasetjentiswa eveni lakhe.
Intsandvo yebantfu ngiyo sisekelo lesinika emandla noma ligunya emandla ahulumende; loku kufanele kushiwo ngetikhatsi letitsite nangesikhatsi selukhetfo lolungilo; lolukhetfo‐ke lona lufanele lwentiwe ngumuntfu wonkhe lapho emalungelo ekuvota entiwe ngemfihlo ngekubhala emapheshaneni, noma‐ke ngalenye indlela yekuvota lenenkhululeko nalelandzela imitsetfo yakhona yekuvota.
INTFO YEMASHUMI LAMABILI NAKUBILI (22)
Wonkhe umuntfu, njengelilunga lemphakatsi, unelilungelo lekuvikeleka emphakatsini nekutsi uvumelekile ekuboneni, ngekusebentisa imitamo leyentiwa live kanye nemave emhlaba ekuhlanganyeleni nangekulandzela imitsetfo yenhlangano kanye nemnotfo walelo nalelo live, kutemnotfo, netintfo letimayelana nekuhlalisana kahle kwebantfu emphakatsini, kanye‐ke nemalungelo emasiko nemisimeto lokunguwona anika lowomuntfu sitfunti sakhe nenkhululeko yekutfutfukisa bunguye nebuntfu bakhe.
INTFO YEMASHUMI LAMABILI NAKUTSATFU (23)
Wonkhe umuntfu unelilungelo lokusebenta, asebente umsebenti latikhetsele wona ngenkhululeko, asebente endzaweni lelungile nalefanele nalesitanako ekwenteni lomsebenti, nekuvikeleka ekuhlaleni ngoba umuntfu angenawo umsebenti.
Wonkhe umuntfu, ngaphandle kokubandlulula, unelilungelo lekutfola liholo lelilinganako nemsebenti lawentako.
Wonkhe umuntfu losebentako unelilungelo ngalokuvumelekile emtsetfweni nekutsi atfole umholo lokahle lonika siciniseko sekutsi yena kanye nemndeni wakhe bangahlala baphile imphilo lefanele, lenika sitfunti kumuntfu, nekutsi ibe nekuchitjelwa, uma kunesidzingeko, ichitjelwa nguletinye tintfo letiletsa inhlalakahle nekuvikeleka kulowo mphakatsi.
Wonkhe umuntfu unelilungelo lekucala noma lekungena enhlanganweni yetisebenti kuze kuvikeleke iminako yakhe.
INTFO YEMASHUMI LAMABILI NAKUNE (24)
Wonkhe umuntfu unelilungelo lokuphumula atsatse likhefu nekutsi ente tintfo letimjabulisako, lokufaka ekhatsi kuncishiswa kwesikhatsi sekusebenta ngekusebenta ema‐awa lalingene, noma‐ke ngekunikwa sikhatsi semaholideyi kepha abe abhadalwa lomuntfu lotsetse sikhatsi semaholideyi
INTFO YEMASHUMI LAMABILI NESIHLANU (25)
Wonkhe umuntfu unelilungelo lokuhlala kahle, ahlale ezingeni lelinetisako nalelifanele kutsi kuhlale bantfu labaphilile emtimbeni, ahlale kahle lomuntfu kanye nemdeni wakhe, kufake ekhatsi kudla, tintfo tekugcoka, tintfo tasendlini kanye netintfo tekunakekela imphilo, naletinye tintfo letitfolakala emphakatsini letingasetjentiswa, nekutsi‐ke lomuntfu unalo lilungelo lokuhlala aphephile noma ngabe akanawo umsebenti, ngesikhatsi sekugula, ngesikhatsi asakhubatekile, nasagugile noma‐ke asate tintfo tekumphilisa ngendzaba yesimo latifica asakuso langeke akwati kusivimbela yena ngekwakhe.
Bumake nebuntfwana buvumelekile kutsi butfole lusito lolutsite kanye nekunakekeleka. Bonkhe bantfwana, noma batalwe batali sebashadile kanye nalabo labatalwa ngaphandle kwemshado, bafanele batfokotele imphilo nenhlalo kantsi futsi baphindze baphatfwe bavikelwe njengawo wonkhe umuntfu lokulowo mphakatsi.
INTFO YEMASHUMI LAMABILI NESITFUPHA (26)
Wonkhe umuntfu unelilungelo lekufinyelela emfundvweni. Imfundvo ifanele ingabhadalelwa, ikakhulu eminyakeni lesephansi nasetigabeni letitisekelo. Imfundvo yalabancane ifanele yentiwe ibe sibopho kwekutsi itfolwe nguwonkhe wonkhe. Imfundvo lefaka kuceceshwa ekhatsi nalena lefaka I‐thekhinoloji (kusetjentiswa kwemishini emsebentini) kufanele kutsi itfolakale ngalokuvamile, nemfundvo lephakeme nayo‐ke ifanele itfolakale, bonkhe bafinyelele kuyo ngoba bafanele kufinyelela kuyo.
Imfundvo ifanele icondziswe ekutfutfukiseni buntfu bonkhe bemuntfu, nasekuciniseni ekuhlonipheni emalungelo ebuntfu kanye nenkhululeko lesisekelo. Ifanele ichubele embili kuva nekucondza, kubeketela nebuhlobo bebungane phakatsi kwato tonkhe tive, emabandla etive newelukholo, kantsi futsi bafanele bachube umsebenti waMhlabuhlangene kuze kutfolakale kuthula nelucolo.
Batali banelilungelo lelihamba embili ekukhetseni luhlobo lwemfundvo labafuna ifundziswe bantfwa babo.
INTFO YEMASHUMI LAMABILI NELISONTFO (27)
Wonkhe umuntfu unelilungelo lokuhlanganyelwa ngekukhululeka emphilweni yemasiko nemisimeto emphakatsi wakhe, atijabulise atfokotele imisebenti yebuciko abuye futsi ahlanganyele abelane entfutfukweni leyiletfwa ngutesayensi abuye futsi ahlanganyele abelane ngelusito nangetinzuzo letiphuma noma letitfolakala kuyo.
Wonkhe umuntfu unelilungelo lekuvikela bucotfo nemphahla layitsandzako nalayinakako lephuma noma nganguyiphi isayensi, noma nganguluphi luhlobo lwalokubhaliwe ngebungcweti kubhalwe noma kwentiwe ngulowo muntfu.
INTFO YEMASHUMI LAMABILI NESIPHOHLONGO (28)
Wonkhe umuntfu uvumelekile kutsi ahlale imphilo lehlalwa bantfu bonkhe, nangendlela lehlalwa bantfu bonkhe emaveni etive ngetive lapho khona emalungelo nenkhululeko atfolakala entiwa khona njengoba abhalwe lapha kuleSimemetelo.
INTFO YEMASHUMI LAMABILI NEMFICA (29)
Wonkhe umuntfu unesibopho emphakatsini lapho kukhula, kukhululeka nekutfutfuka kwebuntfu bakhe lowo muntfu kwentekele lowo mphakatsi.
Ekusebentiseni emalungelo akhe nenkhululeko yakhe lomuntfu, wonkhe umuntfu ufanele awasebentise emalungelo akhe ngaphandle kokudzelela nekungahloniphi emalungelo nenkhululeko yalomunye umuntfu ngoba onkhe emalungelo nenkhululeko yebantfu kufanele kuvikeleke ngekuwavuma, kuwatisa nekuwahlonipha lawo malungelo nenkhululeko yalabanye, nekutsi afike ezingeni lelitsite letintfo leliwanika bucotfo, indlela yekuhlala ngekwemtsetfo emphakatsini lobuswa ngendlela yelinyenti.
Lamalungelo nalenkhululeko akufanele kusetjentiswe ngendlela lephambene nemitsetfo netisusa takaMhlabuhlangene.
INTFO YEMASHUMI LAMATSATFU (30)
Kute kuleSimemetelo lokungachazwa ngendlela yekutsi lemitsetfo yentelwe noma ishayelwe emave latsite, noma emacembu latsite, noma umuntfu lotsite, kodvwa‐ke bonkhe labantfu abanalo lilungelo lekutifaka emsebentini noma entfweni nome bente sento lesitsite basenta ngoba bacondze kubulala noma nganguliphi lemalungelo netinkhululeko lokubhalwe ngato kuleliphepha.


text:
IGibhithe
Live [hlela]
- Libito :Gumhūriyyat Misr al-'Arabiyyah(Iriphablikhi yema-Arabhu yeGibhithe)
- Lihubi lesive :Bilady,bilady,bilady(live lami,live lami,live lami)
- Inhlokodolobha :Cairo
- umfula lomkhulu :inayili
- Bubanti belive : 980.869km²
hulumende [hlela]
- luhlobo :iriphablikhi
- mengameli :Mohamed hosni mubarak
- sishayamtsetfo :liphalamende lelimbacambili
- tifundza :tingemashumi lamabili nesiphohlongo
bantfu [hlela]
- linani : 80,335,036 (kulinganisa kwanga-2007)
- Tilwimi : si-Arabhu
- lukholo :80-90% busulumane,10-20% bukhristu
umlandvo [hlela]
iGibhithe inemlandvo lomudze wemakhulukhulu eminyaka ekushintjana kwemibuso leminyenti.IGibhithe lelugwadvule kepha-ke yona ayifani naletinye tingwadvule ngoba kuyo kugeleta umfula iNayili lokungumfula lomudze kuyedlula yonkhe emhlabeni[1].loku ngiko lokwaletsa emaGibhithe ekucala kulendzawo ngeminyaka yabo-8000 BC.Nga-BC 3150 faro Menes wahlanganisa imibuso lemibili,wasenyakatfo naseningizimu kwaba ngumbuso munye wemaGibhithe.emva kwekuhlangana kwalemibuso kwalandzela sikhatsi semphucuko lenkhulu.Emagibhithe afundza kubhala,kudvweba.kwakha nalokunye lokunyeti lokwenta lesive sichakate kwedlula letinye.
Faro Ramses lowabusa kusukela ku-1279 BC kuya ku-1212 BC wakha emathempeli lamanyenti,takhiwo letinhle kanye netindzawo tekuchakambisa lukholo lwemaGibhithe.lomunye faro lowadvuma kwaba ngu-Akhinathoni lobekagcugcutela kutsi emaGibhithe advumise Nkulunkulu munye.
Nga-332BC emaGibhithe ancotjwa ngu-Alexander the Great lowasungula lidolobha i-Alexandria elugwini lwalelive ,lelidolobha laba yindzawo lebalulekile kutekuhweba.


text:
Umndeni
Umndeni (síNgísi, family).
Lokucuketfwe
Tihlobo[hlela | edit source]
Tihlobo (síNgísi, relatives) ngebantfu labatalana nawe nobe kanye nebatali bakho.
Gogo[hlela | edit source]
Gogo ngumake wababe wakho, nobe ngumake wamake wakho. Liswati alibi nagogo munye, ngoba phela dzadzewabogogo lomncane naye ngugogo kepha yena ubitwa ngagogoncane(gogo lomncane). Lomdzala-ke yena kutsiwe ngugogo lomdzala. Umnakabogogo naye ngugogo kepha yena ubitwa ngagogo lomdvuna.
Mkhulu[hlela | edit source]
Mkhulu ngubabe wamake wakho nobe babe wababe wakho. Nobe futsi ngumuphi umuntfu lomdvuna losaluphele ubitwa ngaye mkhulu. Umnakabomkhulu naye ngumkhulu, lomncane kutsiwa ngumkhulu lomncane. Lomdzala kutsiwe ngumkhulu lomdzala/lomkhulu.
Babe[hlela | edit source]
Babe ngulendvodza lekutalako, lekunakekelako. Labanye betfu bobabe abasitali kepha basikhulisile. Babe unebanakabo nabodzadzewabo latalwa nabo. Labadzala kunakuye bobabelomkhulu, labancane kunaye bobabe lomncane. Labasikati bobabe lomsikati. Indvodza letsetse make wakho ibe ingakutali uyibita ngababe lomncane. Nobe sewuhlonipha umuntfu lomdvuna losamdzala umbita ngababe.
Make[hlela | edit source]
Make ngulomsikati lowakubeleka nobe lowakukhulisa. Nakunobe ngumuphi umuntfu lomsikati losesigabeni sebufati ubitwa ngamake. Dzadzewabomake lomdzala ngumamkhulu (make lomkhulu), lomncane ngumake lomncane (ncane). Umnakabomake yena ngumalume.
Umnaka[hlela | edit source]
Ngumuntfu lomdvuna lotalwa ngubabe nobe ngumake. Nebafana bababe lomncane nalomkhulu banaka. Nabontsanga nabo banaka nawubahlonipha.
Dzadze[hlela | edit source]
Ngumuntfu lomsikati lesitalana naye. Nemantfombatane ababe lomncane nalomkhulu bodzadze. Nemantfombatane lalinganako abitana ngabodzadze.


text:
© 1996 – 2009 The Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights
This HTML version prepared by the UDHR in Unicode project, http://www.unicode.org/udhr.
MHLABUHLANGENE
Mhla tilishumi enyangeni yeNgongoni emnyakeni wanga‐1948 (10 December 1948), uMhlangano wawonkhewonkhe waMhlabuhlangene wemukela waphindze wamemetela simemetelo Sawonkhewonkhe Lesimayelana Nemalungelo Ebuntfu. LeSimemetelo sibhalwe ngalokugcwele kulamakhasi (emapheji) lalandzelako. Kulandzela Lesimiso lesingumlandvo loMhlangano‐ke wabese ukhulumisana nemave lakulenhlangano yakaMhlabuhlangene yawatjela kutsi akasakate atise bantfu mayelana nalendzaba lebhaliwe leSimemetelo aphindze futsi lamave "asakate atise labanye bantfu labatayichubela embili lendzaba ngekuyisakata, babonise labanye ngalendzaba, baphindze bayichasise etikolweni, nakuletinye takhiwo netimiso letiphatselene netemfundvo, ngaphandle kokwenta lubandlululo lolusukela kutembusave wakulawo mave noma wakuleto tifundza.
Njengoba
kwatiswa ngekubakhona ngekwemvelo kwesitfunti sebuntfu, nekulingana lokufananako, nangekuba nemalungelo langenakwemukwa noma langenakutsatfwa kulelo nalelo lilunga lelingumndeni webuntfu, konkhe loku‐ke kungumgogodla noma kusisekelo senkhululeko, sekwenta lokulungile nesekuba nekuthula emhlabeni wonkhe jikelele,
Nanjengoba
, kunganaki nekwedzelela emalungelo ebuntfu kugcine sekudale tento letinelunya nebulwane kwabuye futsi kwatfukutselisa nembeza wesintfu sonkhe, kwashabalalisa sifiso nekulobitela kwekutsi etikhatsini letitako sintfu sitawutfokotela kuba nenkhululeko yekukhuluma, nekukholwa, nenkhululeko yekuhlala ngaphandle kokwesaba nekweswela, konkhe loku‐ke sekumenyetelwe njengetifiso letimcoka kabi eluntfwini,
Nanjengoba‐ke
kwekutsi lomunye umuntfu akufanele kutsi aze aphoceleleke kubalekela noma ekucindzetelelekeni kutsi atsatse tinyatselo letitsite kuze atikhiphe ekuphatfweni ngelunya nangekucindzetelwa, kuze emalungelo esintfu avikeleke ngalokusemtsetfweni,
Njengoba
kumcoka kukhulisa budlelwane lobuhle emkhatsini wetive,
Nanjengoba
bantfu bakaMhlabuhlangene kulencwadzi yetivumelwano (i‐Charter) baphindze futsi bagcizelela kukholelwa kwabo esisekelweni semalungelo ebantfu, esitfuntini nasebunguyeni, nasekulinganeni kwemalungelo ebantfu besifazane nebesilisa, nasekucopheleleni ekuphakamiseni inchubekela phambili yemphakatsi, nekwenta lizinga lenhlalo libencono enkhululekweni,
Njengoba
emave langemalunga (Member States) enta sitsembiso ekufezeni, ngekubambisana naMhlabuhlangene, ekuchubekiseleni phambili inhlonipho yemhlaba wonkhe nekunakekela emalungelo ebantfu kanye nekukhululeka lokusisekelo,
Njengoba
kucondzakala lokuvamile kwalamalungelo naletinkhululeko kuyintfo lemcoka kakhulu kuze kubonakale ngalokugcwele lokwenta lesitsembiso,
Nyalo, Ngakoke, UMHLANGANO WAWONKHEWONKHE Umemetala kutsi
LESI SIMEMETELO SEMHLABA WONKHE LESIMAYELANA NEMALUNGELO EBUNTFU singatsi silizinga lelivamile lelikhomba imphumelelo yebantfu bonkhe kanye netive tonkhe, kuze kutsi ekugcineni wonkhe umuntfu ngamunye ngamunye, nemagatja anoma ngumuphi umphakatsi, ngekuhlala bacabanga ngaleSimemetelo ngaso sonkhe sikhatsi, batawuzama ngekufundzisa nekwatisa kuze bakhulise lizinga lokuba nenhlonipho mayelana nalamalungelo netinkhululeko, nangekutsatsa tinyatselo letiya embili, esiveni nasemphakatsini wetive, kuze letintfo titfole kutsi tatiwe mhlabawonkhe, tatiwe ngemiphumela nangekuvumeleka kwato nangekutsi‐ke tiyagcinwa (noma tiyentiwa), tigcine tigcinwa ngiwo onkhe emave langemalunga elenhlangano (Member States) ngekwawo tibuye futsi tigcinwe futsi ngemave langaphansi kwalamave lakulenhlangano.
Bonkhe bantfu batalwa bakhululekile balingana ngalokufananako ngesitfunti nangemalungelo. Baphiwe ingcondvo nekucondza kanye nanembeza ngakoke bafanele batiphatse nekutsi baphatse nalabanye ngemoya webuzalwane.
Wonkhe umuntfu uvumelekile kuwo onkhe emalungelo netinkhululeko letibhalwe lapha kuleSimemetelo, ngaphandle kokubandlululwa noma nganguyiphi indlela, njengokutsi lowo muntfu akafanele abandlululwe ngenca yebuve, yembala, yebulili, yelulwimi, yelukholo, yembusave noma‐ke ngabe nganguwuphi umbono lakholelwa kuwo, buve bakhe noma umphakatsi laphuma kuwo, imphahla lanayo, kutalwa noma nalokunye lokumayelana nesikhundla saloyo muntfu.
Ngetulu kwaloko, kute lubandlululo lolungentiwa lususelwa kutembusave, kuletiphatselene nemandla etikhundla, noma‐ke kuletiphatselene nesikhundla (noma lizinga) lelolive lelikuso nalicatsaniswa nalamanye emave emhlaba wonkhe jikelele, noma‐ke kubukwe live noma sifundza lapho lomuntfu achamuka khona, noma lelolive lite mazibuse, noma lelolive linetimali, noma lelolive lite mazibuse, noma‐ke linaleminye imininingwane lekhubatako lemayelana nekutibusa.
Wonkhe umuntfu unelilungelo lokuphila, lokukhululeka nekutibusela kanye nekuphepha kwakhe.
Kute namunye umuntfu lotawuphatfwa njengesigcila noma asetjentiswe njengesigcila, bugcila kanye nemsebenti wekutsengiselana ngetigcila wona‐ke awukavunyelwa noma ngabe wentiwa ngaluphi luhlobo.
Kute namunye umuntfu longaphatfwa ngekuvisa buhlungu noma aphatfwe ngelunya, noma ngendlela lengenabo buntfu noma ngekumehlisa sitfunti noma ngekumjezisa.
Wonkhe umuntfu unelilungelo lekutsi abonakale kuyo yonkhe indzawo atsatfwe njengentfo lehamba embili kunemtsetfo.
Bonkhe bantfu bayalingana embikwemtsetfo kantsi banelilungelo lekuvikeleka ngaphansi kwemtsetfo ngaphandle kokubandlululwa. Bonkhe banelilungelo lelifananako ekuvikelekeni nasekubandlululweni lokwephula leSimemetelo, kantsi futsi‐ke bavikelekile noma ngabe ngukutiphi tindlela letingasetjentiswa tekubayenga kantsi tibe tibandlulula.
Wonkhe muntfu unelilungelo lokutfola likhambi lelinemiphumela lebonakalako lelinganikwa libandla lelinelikhono ekutsetseni emacala esive ikakhulu emacaleni laphatselene netento tebudlova ekuphuleni emalungelweni lasisekelo lanawo lomuntfu, anawo ngekwemtsetfo‐mgogodla walelolive nemitsetfo yakhona.
Kute noma ngabe munye umuntfu longaboshwa noma ngayiphi indlela, noma abanjwe noma adzingiswe.
Wonkhe umuntfu uvumelekile kutsi atfole kuviwa lokulinganako nalokufananako kantsi futsi lokungakhetsi uma lowo muntfu atekiswa licala; lelicala kufanele alitekiswe libandla lekutsetsa emacala lelingenako kukhetsa, ikakhulu uma lelibandla lizama kuncuma mayelana nemalungelo kanye netibopho takhe lomuntfu, nanoma‐ke lomuntfu atsetsiswa emacala lamabi kakhulu lamangalelwe wona.
1. Wonkhe umuntfu lobekwe licala leliphatselene nekujeziswa, lowo muntfu unelilungelo lekutsi acatjangwe njengemuntfu lomsulwa kuze kube nesiciniseko sekutsi unalo lelicala ngalokusemtsetfweni uma ngabe lomuntfu atsetsiwa lelicala phambi kwebantfu, lapho anikwe siciniseko sekutsi konkhe lokumcoka ekutivikeleni kwakhe lokuvunyelwene ngako kuyentiwa.
2. Kute umuntfu loyawubekwa licala lelihambelana nekujeziswa uma ngabe wente sento noma ngoba aphutse kwenta sento lesitsite lesingahambelani nekujeziswa, ngaphansi kwemtsetfo wesive newemave onkhe ngesikhatsi lomuntfu enta lesento noma angakasenti lesento. Kute futsi umuntfu longanika lomuntfu inhlawulo lematima leyendlula lenhlawulo lelayifanele anikwe yona ngalesosikhatsi uma lomuntfu enta lelo licala lelaliphatselene nekujeziswa.
Kute umuntfu longahlala njalo ahlushwa ngalokungekho emtsetfweni ahlushwa ngoba bantfu bangena tindzaba takhe letingesito tawonkhewonkhe, bangene tindzaba temndeni wakhe, telikhaya lakhe, noma ngekumbalela, noma‐ke ngekumsukela bahlambalaze bucotfo nesimilo salomuntfu kanye neligama lelihle lalomuntfu. Wonkhe umuntfu unalo lilungelo lekuvikeleka ngaphansi kwemtsetfo lobhekene nebantfu labatsandza kungena tindzaba talabanye noma‐ke labo labatsandza kuhlasela basukele labanye.
1. Wonkhe umuntfu unelilungelo nenkhululeko yekuhamba noma kunyakata nekuhlala ngekhatsi kwemcele wakulelo nalelo live.
2. Wonkhe umuntfu unelilungelo lekuphuma noma lekushiya noma nganguliphi live, kufake ekhatsi live lakhe latalwa kulo, nekutsi‐ke unelilungelo lekubuyela eveni lakhe.
1. Wonkhe umuntfu uvumelekile kuyocela kukhosela nekutfola injabulo kulamanye emave nakabalekela kuhlushwa noma inhlupheko.
2. Lelilunglo lokuncengela noma lokucela kuyohlala kulelinye live ngeke lisetjentiswe uma ngabe lenhlupheko lecosha lomuntfu akusiyo inhlupheko lesuselwa emacaleni etembusave, noma‐ke uma ngabe lenhlupheko idalwe ngemacala ekuphula imigomo nemitsetfo yaMhlabuhlangene.
1. Wonkhe umuntfu unelilungelo lebuve.
2. Kute umuntfu longemukwa buve bakhe nobe afuna kubugucula.
1. Bantfu besilisa nebesifazane lasebakhulile bafika emnyakeni logcwele, ngaphandle kwetivimbelo letisuselwa ekutseni lomuntfu wasive sini, nekutsi usive sini noma‐ke ukholwaphi, unelilungelo lokushada acale umndeni. Laba labashadile banemalungelo lalinganako nalafananako kulomshado, ngesikhatsi bahlalisana basashadile, noma‐ke ngesikhatsi sewupheliswa lomshado.
2. Umshado uyangenelwa kuphela uma ngabe labobantfu bakhululekile kantsi futsi banemvume yabo lephelele yekushada lomuntfu labamshadako.
3. Umndeni yinhlangano yemvelo nesisekelo lesiyintfo leyodvwa leyakha noma leyenta umphakatsi, umndeni‐ke unelilungelo lokulondvolotwa ngumphakatsi kanye nelive.
1. Wonkhe umuntfu unelilungelo lokuba nemphahla lengeyakhe yedvwa abe futsi nemphahla layihlanganyele nalabanye.
2. Kute umuntfu longemukwa imphahla yakhe ngalokungekho emtsetfweni.
Wonkhe umuntfu unelilungelo lenkhululeko yengcondvo, yanembeza kanye neyelukholo; lelilungelo lifaka ekhatsi inkhululeko yekushintja lukholo noma inkholo, nenkhululeko, noma uyedvwa lowo muntfu noma usemphakatsini nalabanye, ekusitsekeni noma embikwebantfu, lowo muntfu uvumelekile kubonakalisa lukholo lwakhe noma inkholo yakhe ekufundziseni, enkonzweni nasekugcineni imitsetfo yekukholwa nekusontsa kwakhe.
Wonkhe umuntfu unelilungelo lokukhuluma imibono yakhe ngenkhululeko nekukhuluma loku lafuna kukukhuluma; lelilungelo lifaka ekhatsi inkhululeko yekukholelwa emicondvweni letsite ngaphandle kokuphatanyiswa ngekufuna nekutfola nekusakata imibiko kanye nemicondvo noma ngabe ngangukuwuphi umsakato losakata tindzaba utisakata noma ngabe ngukuwuphi umncele.
1. Wonkhe umuntfu unelilungelo lenkhululeko lokuba senhlanganweni noma embutfwaneni lonekuthula
2. Kute umuntfu longaphocelelwa kutsi abe lilunga lanoma ngabe nguyiphi inhlangano.
1. Wonkhe umuntfu unelilungelo lokuhlanganyela kuhulumende welive lakhe akwente loko ngekuba lilunga noma‐ke ngekukhetsa ngenkhululeko emalunga langammelela.
2. Wonkhe umuntfu uvumelekile noma unemalungelo lafananako nalalinganako ekusebentiseni tintfo letikhona letingasetjentiswa eveni lakhe.
3. Intsandvo yebantfu ngiyo sisekelo lesinika emandla noma ligunya emandla ahulumende; loku kufanele kushiwo ngetikhatsi letitsite nangesikhatsi selukhetfo lolungilo; lolukhetfo‐ke lona lufanele lwentiwe ngumuntfu wonkhe lapho emalungelo ekuvota entiwe ngemfihlo ngekubhala emapheshaneni, noma‐ke ngalenye indlela yekuvota lenenkhululeko nalelandzela imitsetfo yakhona yekuvota.
Wonkhe umuntfu, njengelilunga lemphakatsi, unelilungelo lekuvikeleka emphakatsini nekutsi uvumelekile ekuboneni, ngekusebentisa imitamo leyentiwa live kanye nemave emhlaba ekuhlanganyeleni nangekulandzela imitsetfo yenhlangano kanye nemnotfo walelo nalelo live, kutemnotfo, netintfo letimayelana nekuhlalisana kahle kwebantfu emphakatsini, kanye‐ke nemalungelo emasiko nemisimeto lokunguwona anika lowomuntfu sitfunti sakhe nenkhululeko yekutfutfukisa bunguye nebuntfu bakhe.
1. Wonkhe umuntfu unelilungelo lokusebenta, asebente umsebenti latikhetsele wona ngenkhululeko, asebente endzaweni lelungile nalefanele nalesitanako ekwenteni lomsebenti, nekuvikeleka ekuhlaleni ngoba umuntfu angenawo umsebenti.
2. Wonkhe umuntfu, ngaphandle kokubandlulula, unelilungelo lekutfola liholo lelilinganako nemsebenti lawentako.
3. Wonkhe umuntfu losebentako unelilungelo ngalokuvumelekile emtsetfweni nekutsi atfole umholo lokahle lonika siciniseko sekutsi yena kanye nemndeni wakhe bangahlala baphile imphilo lefanele, lenika sitfunti kumuntfu, nekutsi ibe nekuchitjelwa, uma kunesidzingeko, ichitjelwa nguletinye tintfo letiletsa inhlalakahle nekuvikeleka kulowo mphakatsi.
4. Wonkhe umuntfu unelilungelo lekucala noma lekungena enhlanganweni yetisebenti kuze kuvikeleke iminako yakhe.
Wonkhe umuntfu unelilungelo lokuphumula atsatse likhefu nekutsi ente tintfo letimjabulisako, lokufaka ekhatsi kuncishiswa kwesikhatsi sekusebenta ngekusebenta ema‐awa lalingene, noma‐ke ngekunikwa sikhatsi semaholideyi kepha abe abhadalwa lomuntfu lotsetse sikhatsi semaholideyi
1. Wonkhe umuntfu unelilungelo lokuhlala kahle, ahlale ezingeni lelinetisako nalelifanele kutsi kuhlale bantfu labaphilile emtimbeni, ahlale kahle lomuntfu kanye nemdeni wakhe, kufake ekhatsi kudla, tintfo tekugcoka, tintfo tasendlini kanye netintfo tekunakekela imphilo, naletinye tintfo letitfolakala emphakatsini letingasetjentiswa, nekutsi‐ke lomuntfu unalo lilungelo lokuhlala aphephile noma ngabe akanawo umsebenti, ngesikhatsi sekugula, ngesikhatsi asakhubatekile, nasagugile noma‐ke asate tintfo tekumphilisa ngendzaba yesimo latifica asakuso langeke akwati kusivimbela yena ngekwakhe.
2. Bumake nebuntfwana buvumelekile kutsi butfole lusito lolutsite kanye nekunakekeleka. Bonkhe bantfwana, noma batalwe batali sebashadile kanye nalabo labatalwa ngaphandle kwemshado, bafanele batfokotele imphilo nenhlalo kantsi futsi baphindze baphatfwe bavikelwe njengawo wonkhe umuntfu lokulowo mphakatsi.
1. Wonkhe umuntfu unelilungelo lekufinyelela emfundvweni. Imfundvo ifanele ingabhadalelwa, ikakhulu eminyakeni lesephansi nasetigabeni letitisekelo. Imfundvo yalabancane ifanele yentiwe ibe sibopho kwekutsi itfolwe nguwonkhe wonkhe. Imfundvo lefaka kuceceshwa ekhatsi nalena lefaka I‐thekhinoloji (kusetjentiswa kwemishini emsebentini) kufanele kutsi itfolakale ngalokuvamile, nemfundvo lephakeme nayo‐ke ifanele itfolakale, bonkhe bafinyelele kuyo ngoba bafanele kufinyelela kuyo.
2. Imfundvo ifanele icondziswe ekutfutfukiseni buntfu bonkhe bemuntfu, nasekuciniseni ekuhlonipheni emalungelo ebuntfu kanye nenkhululeko lesisekelo. Ifanele ichubele embili kuva nekucondza, kubeketela nebuhlobo bebungane phakatsi kwato tonkhe tive, emabandla etive newelukholo, kantsi futsi bafanele bachube umsebenti waMhlabuhlangene kuze kutfolakale kuthula nelucolo.
3. Batali banelilungelo lelihamba embili ekukhetseni luhlobo lwemfundvo labafuna ifundziswe bantfwa babo.
1. Wonkhe umuntfu unelilungelo lokuhlanganyelwa ngekukhululeka emphilweni yemasiko nemisimeto emphakatsi wakhe, atijabulise atfokotele imisebenti yebuciko abuye futsi ahlanganyele abelane entfutfukweni leyiletfwa ngutesayensi abuye futsi ahlanganyele abelane ngelusito nangetinzuzo letiphuma noma letitfolakala kuyo.
2. Wonkhe umuntfu unelilungelo lekuvikela bucotfo nemphahla layitsandzako nalayinakako lephuma noma nganguyiphi isayensi, noma nganguluphi luhlobo lwalokubhaliwe ngebungcweti kubhalwe noma kwentiwe ngulowo muntfu.
Wonkhe umuntfu uvumelekile kutsi ahlale imphilo lehlalwa bantfu bonkhe, nangendlela lehlalwa bantfu bonkhe emaveni etive ngetive lapho khona emalungelo nenkhululeko atfolakala entiwa khona njengoba abhalwe lapha kuleSimemetelo.
1. Wonkhe umuntfu unesibopho emphakatsini lapho kukhula, kukhululeka nekutfutfuka kwebuntfu bakhe lowo muntfu kwentekele lowo mphakatsi.
2. Ekusebentiseni emalungelo akhe nenkhululeko yakhe lomuntfu, wonkhe umuntfu ufanele awasebentise emalungelo akhe ngaphandle kokudzelela nekungahloniphi emalungelo nenkhululeko yalomunye umuntfu ngoba onkhe emalungelo nenkhululeko yebantfu kufanele kuvikeleke ngekuwavuma, kuwatisa nekuwahlonipha lawo malungelo nenkhululeko yalabanye, nekutsi afike ezingeni lelitsite letintfo leliwanika bucotfo, indlela yekuhlala ngekwemtsetfo emphakatsini lobuswa ngendlela yelinyenti.
3. Lamalungelo nalenkhululeko akufanele kusetjentiswe ngendlela lephambene nemitsetfo netisusa takaMhlabuhlangene.
Kute kuleSimemetelo lokungachazwa ngendlela yekutsi lemitsetfo yentelwe noma ishayelwe emave latsite, noma emacembu latsite, noma umuntfu lotsite, kodvwa‐ke bonkhe labantfu abanalo lilungelo lekutifaka emsebentini noma entfweni nome bente sento lesitsite basenta ngoba bacondze kubulala noma nganguliphi lemalungelo netinkhululeko lokubhalwe ngato kuleliphepha.


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Likhasi Lesihloko/Likhasi Lebashicileli
Kwaba Khona Njani Kuphila?
© 2010
WATCH TOWER BIBLE AND TRACT SOCIETY OF PENNSYLVANIA
All Rights Reserved
BASHICILELI
WATCHTOWER BIBLE AND TRACT SOCIETY OF SOUTH AFRICA NPC
1 Robert Broom Drive East, Rangeview, Krugersdorp, 1739, R.S.A.
Lushicilelo lwa-2010
Lencwajana ayitsengiswa. Yentelwe kusita emsebentini wekufundzisa ngeliBhayibheli lowentiwa emhlabeni wonkhe. Lomsebenti usekelwa ngeminikelo yekutitsandzela.
Yonkhe imiBhalo icashunwe eBhayibhelini lesiSwati. Kepha nangabe kuvela NW isuke icashunwe ku-New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures—With References


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Luphiko lwemSebenti wetiLwimi taVelonkhe
Luphiko lweMsebenti wetiLwimi taVelonkhe (National Language Services, "NLS", IRiphabhulikhi yeNingizimu Afrika) lutfutfukisa futsi luhlelembise kuchumana ngato tonkhe tilwimi. Ngekugcina tidzingo telulwimi teMtsetfosisekelo iNLS yengamele kwehlukahlukana kwetilwimi tesive setfu futsi inemsebenti wekuhlelela tonkhe tilwimi tebantfu betfu ngekubeka esigabeni tindlela tenchubomgomo letimiselwe kutfutfukisa kusetjentiswa kwaletilwimi, futsi naleto tilwimi lebetingafunwa emlandvweni.
Umsebenti lomkhulu weNLS kuhlangabetana netidzingo telulwimi teMtsetfosisekelo ngekuhlelembisa, kutfutfukisa nekuniketa umsebenti wekuhumusha nekuhlela kuto tonkhe tilwimi letisemtsetfweni futsi nangekwengamela kwehlukahlukana kwetilwimi ngekutsi kwentiwe imiklamo yekuhlelwa kwetilwimi nekuhlelwa kwemagama.
Imisebenti yeNLS njengeluhlelo lwaHulumende lwekusita ngebucwepheshe betilwimi ngekuhumusha imiculu lesemtsetfweni kuto tonkhe tilwimi letisemtsetfweni. Umsebenti wayo wekuhlelwa kwemagama kusita kutfutfukisa nekwenta simanje kwemagama lalukhuni etilwimi letisemtsetfweni. Imisebenti yekuhlelwa kwetilwime ifaka ekhatsi kweluleka Hulumende ngekutfutfukiswa kwenchubomgomo yetilwimi nangemasu ekusetjentiswa kwayo.


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Inhlonipho
Inhlonipho yindlela yekutiphatsa lehluka ngesive ngesive.
Indlela lokhuluma ngayo[hlela | edit source]
Indlela lokhuluma ngayo isho kutsi uyahlonipha nobe awuhloniphi, ngesiSwati kungahloniphi kutsi nawukhuluma ubesolo ufaka inhlamba, kanye nemagama etitfo letifihlekile. Nawukhuluma nemuntfu lomdzala kufanele uwakhetse emagama lowashoko
Kutiphatsa[hlela | edit source]
Nekutiphatsa nako kuyinhlonipho, sib. Kudzakwa akumange sekubeyinhlonipho. Etiveni tase-afulikha akusiko kuhlonipha kukhuluma nemuntfu lomdzala ube umutse njo! etinhlavini temehlo.
Kwehlukana kwenhlonipho etiveni[hlela | edit source]
Sive ngesive sinendlela yaso yekuchaza inhlonipho. Emangisi akutsatsa ngekungahloniphi kudla ngesandla kantsi tsine maSwati asiboni sono lapho. Kuletinye tive kubhodla nawudla kwedzelela, kuletinye usuke ukhombisa kutsi lokudla kwehle ngemgogodla. Kuletinye tive livi lenkhosi nguleligcinako, kuletinye kugcina lebantfu lababuswako.
Ngaloko bekunene inhlonipho yemangisi akusiyo inhlonipho yemaswati, inhlonipho yebakaZulu akusiyo inhlonipho yebaShweshwe. Kepha inhlonipho lenkhulu kuhlonipha emasiko, imihambo, timvo nemibono yalesinye sive.


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Lubombo
Lubombo (síNgísi, Lubombo), district yeUmbuso weSwatini.
mayelana neLubombo[hlela | edit source]
- linani leBantfu eLubonjeni lingu 202.000 (1997).
- Libanga lelive laseLubonjeni lingu 5.947 km².
- Lidolobha leliyinhloko yeLubombo Siteki.
Tinkhundla teLubombo[hlela | edit source]
Leti tinkhundla teLubombo, tibuye tehlukaniswe yimiphakatsi lephetfwe bobabe tikhulu. Letinkhundla tona tiphetfwe yindvuna yenkhundla ibe isekelwa buqopho baleyo nkhundla.
- Inkhundla Dvokodvweni. Imiphakatsi: Enjabulweni, Etjedze, Malindza, Mampempeni, Mdumezulu, Mhlangatane, Sigcaweni.
- Inkhundla Hlane. Imiphakatsi: Hlane, Khuphuka, Ntandweni, Sikhuphe.
- Inkhundla Lomahasha. Imiphakatsi: Lomahasha, Mafucula, Shewula, Tsambokhulu.
- Inkhundla Lugongolweni. Imiphakatsi: Langa, Makhewu, Mlindazwe, Sitsatsaweni.
- Inkhundla Matsanjeni. Imiphakatsi: Lukhetseni, Mambane, Maphungwane, Tikhuba.
- Inkhundla Mhlume. Imiphakatsi: Mhlume, Simunye, Tabankulu, Tshaneni, Vuvulane.
- Inkhundla Mpholonjeni. Imiphakatsi: Kashoba, Ndzangu, Ngcina.
- Inkhundla Nkilongo. Imiphakatsi: Crooks, Gamula, Lunkufu, Mayaluka, Ngcampalala.
- Inkhundla Siphofaneni. Imiphakatsi: Hlutse, Kamkhweli, Macetjeni, Madlenya, Maphilingo, Mphumakudze, Nceka, Ngevini, Tambuti.
- Inkhundla Sithobela. Imiphakatsi: Luhlanyeni, Mamiza, Nkonjwa.
- Inkhundla Somntongo. Imiphakatsi: Canerbury, Kavuma, Mabantaneni, Nkhanini, Sifuntaneni.


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Libhubesi
Libhubesi litfolaka ngaphansi kwemalunga emakati latiwa ngekutsi ngema (Panthera leo) , Leli likati lelisemndenini wemakati latiwa ngema Felidae (cat) lamanye emabhubesis lamadvuna anesisindvo lesingu 250 kg (550 lb), manje loku kuchaza kutsi leli likati lelikhulu emhlabeni ngemuva kwe tiger. Namuhla emabhubesis atfolaka e sub-Saharan Africa nase Asia.
Íncwadzí[hlela | edit source]
- Mammal Species of the World, A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3rd edition, 2005 ISBN 0-8018-8221-4 (síNgísi).


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Bukhosi
Bukhosi yindlela yekubusa lapho khona inhloko yembuso ingakhetfwa khona, kepha ibekwa ngemitsetfo yalowo mbuso nobe sigodzi futsi leyo nhloko ibusa idzimate ikhotsame nobe yehle esikhundleni (ikakhulukati enshonalanga).
Emandla ebukhosi[hlela | edit source]
- Bukhosi lobutimele.
Lobu bukhosi lobubusa ngendlela letsite lengalawulwa.lana inkhosi nobe indlovukati ishaya imitsetfo yente konkhe lokwentiwa yinhloko yembuso.
- Bukhosi bemtsetfosisekelo.
Lobu bukhosi lobandze eyurophu lapho khona emandla enkhosi nobe indlovukati alawulwa ngumtsetfosisekelo wesive njengaseNgilandi nasesipeyini.
Kutsatfwa kwesikhundla sebukhosi[hlela | edit source]
Lotawulandzela umbusi wesive ukhetfwa ngetindlela letinyenti. Ngesiswati inkhosi ayimkhetsi lotayilandzela kepha ukhetfwa emva kwekukhotsama kwayo. NgesiZulu umfana lomdzala lotalwa yinkhosikati yekucala nguye lolandzelako.


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LiBhayibheli
LiBhayibheli, liyitsatsa njengencwadzi lendze lokumatima kuyicondza ngaletinye tikhatsi.
- “Livi lakho liliciniso.” (Johane 17:17)
- “Akube khashane naNkulunkulu kuba ngumenti walokubi, kwenta bubi akube khashane naSomandla.” (Jobe 34:10)
- “Babe wetfu losezulwini, ...umbuso wakho awute. Intsandvo yakho ayentiwe emhlabeni, njengobe yentiwa ezulwini.” (Matewu 6:9,10)
Leligama Libhayibheli, liphindze libitwe ngekutsi Libhayibheli Lelingcwele, lingasho linye nobe mabili kulamabhuku enkholo layinhlitiyo yenkholo yebuJuda kanye nebuKristu - Mibhalo Lengcwele yeMahebheru kanye neBuKristu ngekuhlonipheka.
Libhayibheli lisilundza sekucala semlandvo wakudzala wase-Isirayeli. Kepha libhayibheli akusilo nje libhuku lemlandvo, kepha mabhuku alo kusuka ku-Joshuwa kuye tukweTikronike tesibili msebenti lowabhalwa bafundzi bemlandvo wakudzala waka-Israyeli. Bafundzi bemlandvo baka-Israyeli babhala lomlandvo ngelwati lebalibona liliciniso ngekwemlandvo. Njengebabhali bemlandvo banyalo, babhali beliBhayibheli bebavamise kuniketa tizatfu ngekwemlandvo nobe lwati lwangaphambilini ngetintfo lebebabhala ngato (e.g., 1Samuel 28:31 Sam. 28:3, 1Kings 18:3, 1 Kings 18:3, 2Kings 9:14b-15, 2 Kings 9:14b-15a, 2Kings 13:5-6, 2Kings 15:12, 2Kings 17:7-23).
BuJuda busebentis incenye yinye yalamabhuku leyatiwangekutsi yi-Tanakh, Libhayibheli lemaHebheru, livamiswe kuhlukwaniswa tincenye letintsatfu: i-Torah ("infundziso" nobe "umtsetfo"), i-Nevi'im ("bapholofethi"), ne-Ketuvim ("imibhalo").
Lelibhayibheli lelifundvwa Makrestu lihlukene tigaba letibili letiliThestamente Lelidzala neliThestamente Lelisha. Kuma kwemibhalo yeliThestamente Lelidzala kuphikiswana ngako emkhatsini wemacembu eBukristu: ma-Protestants atsatsa onke mabhuku siHebheru njengemabhuku lekungiwo lekufanele abe tukweliThestamente Lelidzala. Makhatokila aseRoma kanye nema-Orthodox aseMpumalanga angeta mabhuku e-deuterocanonical, mabhuku emaJuda, njengemibhalo lekufanele ifakwe tukweli-Thestamente Lelidzala. LiThestamente Lelisha lakhiwe maGosbheli ("tindzaba letimnandzi"), Tento tebaPostoli, ma-Epistles (timcwadzi), kanye neLibhuku leSambulo.
Ngalesinye sikhatsi leligama "libhayibheli" like lisetshentiswe uma kukhulunya ngalamanye mabhuku lamikhaba yanobe nguyiphi inkholo, nobe uma kukhulunya ngencwadzi lechaza kabanti ngesihloko tsite.
Nevi'im[hlela | edit source]
I-Nevi'im, nobe "Bapholofethi," ikhuluma ngekukhula kwebuso wemaHebheru, kuhlukana kwawo ube tigaba letibili, nebapholofeti la, ngeligama Lasimakadze, bacwayisa makhosi kanye nebaNtfwana bakaIsrayeli ngepanishiwa nguSimakadze. Kugcina ngekuncotshwa kweBukhosi baka-Isirayeli ba-Assyrians, kuncotshwa kwebukhosi bakaJuda maBhabhin, kanye nekuwa kweliThempeli laseJerusalema. Tincenye talamabhuku alabapholofethi afundvwa maJuda ngeliSabatha (Shabbat). Libhuku la Jonah lifundvwa nge-Yom Kippur.
Ngekwelisiko emaJuda, i-Nevi'im ihlukaniswe tigaba letisiphohlongo temabhuku. Kutolikwa lokusha kwato kuhlukaniswe tigaba letimashumi lamabili nakunye.
I-Nevi'im iphetse lamabhuku lasiphohlongo lalandzelayo:
- 6. Joshua, Js—Yehoshua (יהושע)
- 7. Judges, Jg—Shoftim (שופטים)
- 8. Samuel, includes First and Second 1Sa–2Sa—Shemuel (שמואל)
- 9. Kings, includes First and Second, 1Ki–2Ki—Melakhim (מלכים)
- 10. Isaiah, Is—Yeshayahu (ישעיהו)
- 11. Jeremiah, Je—Yirmiyahu (ירמיהו)
- 12. Ezekiel, Ez—Yekhezkel (יחזקאל)
- 13. Twelve, includes all Minor Prophets—Tre Asar (תרי עשר)
- A. Hosea, Ho—Hoshea (הושע)
- B. Joel, Jl—Yoel (יואל)
- C. Amos, Am—Amos (עמוס)
- D. Obadiah, Ob—Ovadyah (עבדיה)
- E. Jonah, Jh—Yonah (יונה)
- F. Micah, Mi—Mikhah (מיכה)
- G. Nahum, Na—Nahum (נחום)
- H. Habakkuk, Hb—Havakuk (חבקוק)
- I. Zephaniah, Zp—Tsefanya (צפניה)
- J. Haggai, Hg—Khagay (חגי)
- K. Zechariah, Zc—Zekharyah (זכריה)
- L. Malachi, Ml—Malakhi (מלאכי)
Ketuvim[hlela | edit source]
Ketuvim, nobe "Imibhalo", kufanele kutsi yabhalwa ngesikhatsi nobe emva kwekuBanjwa maBhabhlona. Ngekusho kwemasiko esi-Rabbinic tradition kanye nato tihloko temaHubo, lamanyenti emahubo lasebhukwini lemaHubo abhalwa ngu-Davide; kutsenjwa kutsi Inkosi Solomoni yabhala Tihlabelelo Tetihlabelelo eminyakeni yakhe yebusha, Libhuku lemavi Lahlakaniphile eminyakeni yekhe yebudzala yemphilo, kanye neTicclesiastes ngesikhasi sekagugile; umpholofethi Jeremiya kukholelwa kutsi wabhala Lamentations. Libhuku la-Ruth ngilo kuphela libhuku lasebhayibhelini lelibukene nebantfu labangasi maJuda. Lilibhuku la-Ruth likhuluma ngendzaba yemuntfu lekangasilo liJuda (pheceleti, umMoabi lobekashade nemJuda lekwatsi ngekufa kwalomJuda, walandzela etindleni temaJuda; ngekusho kwelibhayibheli, lona wekunene bekangukhokhokati we-Nkosi Davide. Lasihlanu kulamabhuku labitwa ngekutsi "Tikroli Lenhlanu" (Megilot), afundvwa ngemaholide emaJuda: Tihlabelelo Tetihlabelelo nge Passover; Libhuku la-Ruth nge Shavuot; Lamentations ne Ninth of Av; Macclesiastes nge Sukkot; kanye ne-Libhulu la-Esta nge Purim. Konke nje, i-Ketuvim iphetse tinkhodlo temagama, mibono ngemphilo, kanye netindzaba tebapholofethi nalabanye baholi bemaJuda ngesikhatsi kubhaqwe eBhabhilona. Igcina ngemlayelo wasePheshiya lovumela maJuda kutsi abuyele eJerusalema kuyo wakha liThempeli.
I-Ketuvim iphetse lamabhuku lalishumimi nakuye lalandzelayo, ahlukasiwe kumabhuku latolikiwe anyala agcine sekalishuma nakubili ngekuhlukana kwa Ezra naNehemiya:
- 14. Psalms, Ps—Tehillim (תהלים)
- 15. Proverbs, Pr—Mishlei (משלי)
- 16. Job, Jb—Iyyov (איוב)
- 17. Song of Songs, So—Shir ha-Shirim (שיר השירים)
- 18. Ruth, Ru—Rut (רות)
- 19. Lamentations, La—Eikhah (איכה), also called Kinot (קינות)
- 20. Ecclesiastes, Ec—Kohelet (קהלת)
- 21. Esther, Es—Ester (אסתר)
- 22. Daniel, Dn—Daniel (דניאל)
- 23. Ezra, Ea, includes Nehemiah, Ne—Ezra (עזרא), includes Nehemiah (נחמיה)
- 24. Chronicles, includes First and Second, 1Ch–2Ch—Divrei ha-Yamim (דברי הימים), also called Divrei (דברי)
i-Torah[hlela | edit source]
Ngekusho kwalamanye maJuda ngesikhatsi se-Hellenistic, njenge baSajusi, i-Torah yayitfolakala ngekutolikwa lokuncane ngekwemlomo, lebekunga chubekeli ngekwekuvisiseka kwelibhayibheli. Ngekusho kweBafarisi, Simakadze waveta i-Torah lebeyibhaliwe kanye ne-Torah leyakhulunywa kuMosi, le-Torah leyakhulunywa beyiphetse tindzaba kanye nemitsetfo. TukwebuJuda bebu-Rabbinic, le-Torah leyakhulunywa ibalulekile ekuvisiseni le-Torah Lebhaliwe ngekwekukhuluma. (ngoba lite bonkamisa, nabongwaca, kanye nesihlukasi magama) ne-exegetically. Le-Torah leyakhulunywa inetigaba letihlukene, sicalo Halacha (imitsetfo), ne-Aggadah (tindzaba), kanye ne-Kabbalah (lwati lolu-esoteric). Tigaba letinkhulu taloMtsetfo Lokhulunyiwe setagcina tibhalwe phansi, sibonelo yi-Mishnah; ne-Tosefta; Midrash, nane-Midrash Rabbah, ne-Sifre, ne-Sifra, kanye ne-Mechilta; kanye ne-Talmud yemaBhabhilona nemaJerusalema futsi.
buJuda bebu-Orthodox buyachubeka nekwamukela i-Torah Leyakhulunywa njengoba injalo. Masorti ne-maJuda langalamukelilushintsho batsi i-Torah Leyakhulunywa yabusiswa moya loyingcwele, kepha bayakushaya indiva kuphikisana kwalo lapha nalapha. BuJuda lobubuyisanako nabo bamukela i-Talmud lephetse imibhalo ye-Torah Leyakhulunywa, kepha, njenge-Torah leyabhalwa, tindzawana letilawulwe, kepha tingaka ndlovukelwa, nguSimakadze. BuJuda Bekwakhiwa buyabuphika kuchumana ne-Torah, Lebhaliwe kanye naLeyakhulunywa, naSimakadze.
Lombhalo longe Mibono yemaJuda ngeLibhayibheli icoca ngekutsi alivisisa njani Libhayibheli maJuda, kufaka ekhatsi ticephu tembono telibhayibheli takudzala Targums kuya ku-Rabbinic literature, imibhalo ye-midrash, nemibhalo lebalulekile ye-medieval commentators, kanye nemibono yesimanje yemaJuda ngelibhayibheli.


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John Robert Dunn
John Robert Dunn (1834–1895) watalwa South Africa aphinze asakhamuti, mtingeli, kanye na sopolitiki wandzabuko yase Scotland. watalwa e Port Elizabeth kumbe e Port Natal ngeminyaka yangabo 1834, wakhulela e Natali/ngase Durban.[1]
ngesikhatsi asakhula Dunn ,babe wakhe wanyatselwa wabulawa yindlovu, kwatsi make wakhe wabese ushone iminyaka lemibalwa ngemuva kwekushona kwababe wakhe. lesi ngiso sikhatsi lapho Dunn wacala kutiphilisa ngekusebentela batfutsi betimpahla kanye nebatingeli, futsi lesi ngiso sikhatsi lawacala kuba nelutsandvo lekutingela. lapha ngulapho bekahamba kakhulu etindzaweni letehlukene atingela adzabula imifula netihobodla temfula Tugela wate wafika ebukhosini baka Zulu. loluhambo lwakhe lwambona aphindzela kanyenti kulendzawo yema Zulu waze watakhela budlelwane nabo bukhosi njengemhumushi ngenca yekufundza nekukhuluma lulwimi lwesi Zulu kahle. etikhatsini letinyenti lapho bukhosi bebumbonga ngetipho ekuhumusheni kwakhwe, tipho lebetifaka phakatsi tinkomo kanye nebafati. lena yintfo lengazange imjabulisa umka Dunn Catherine Pierce kodwa Dunn bekachubeka abamukela bafati labephiwa bona bukhosi bema Zulu. Umka Dunn beka yindvodzakati yabafiki labamhlophe ngelibala base Kapa. Dunn waphindze waphiwa umhlaba nguZwane wakaMangethe eceleni nase Ngoye lapho wakha wahlala nebafati bakhe labangu 48.[2]
Kusebenta[hlela | edit source]
Umbango wekubusa emkhatsini wemadvodzana enkosi Mpandze bo Mbuyasi na Cetshwayo wacindzetela Dunn kanye nalabanye belumbi kutsi babalekele e Natali. kwatsi emva kwempi lapho khona Cetjwayo waphumelela Dunn waphindze wabuyela emuva kuyophindze ahlale khona futsi akhe nebudlelwane nenkosi lensha Cetjwayo. lesi ke ngiso sikhatsi la Cetjwayo wamcoka njengemeluleki wakhe kakhulukati etindzabeni letibukene netekuchumana netive tangaphandle,temabhunu,nemangisi kanye nebukhosi base British. buciko ba Dunn ekusebentiseni tibhamu bamenta wabaluleka kakhulu embusweni wa Cetjwayo ngeca yekutsi waphindze waniketwa netinkomo takhe ngebunyenti bato letatsatfwa ngesikhatsi sembangave wa Mbuyisa na Cetjwayo[3] , letinkomo watakhela sibaya kulendzawo lebitwa namuhla kutsi kuse Mtunzini.
Kuhamba Kweminyaka[hlela | edit source]
ngenyanga yenyoni 1872 , Inkosi Mpandze yakhotsama ineminyaka lengu 74 ngulapho ke Cetjwayo watsatsa bukhosi, lesi kwaba ngiso sikhatsi Dunn wabakhula ngekwemnotfo nangekwatiwa kanye nekubaluleka wabanemandla lamangalisako njengemhumushi kanye nemluleki wenkosi. kwalandvwa tikhali kanye netibhamu letinyenti ngalesikhatsi embusweni wa Cetjwayo. nanobe Mpandze bakhona kutsi balwe nekutungulutelwa mabhunu kanye nemangisi endzaweni yabo kodwa lempi yemabhunu kanye nemangisi i Anglo-Zulu War yacindzetela kutsi Dunn akhetse indlubu ekhasini, lapho khona wakhetsa kuma nemangisi.[4]
ngenyanga yamhlaka 11 Bhimbidvwane 1879 emasotja emangisi adzabula umfula i Tugela , eceleni kwase Fort Pearson abese anika Cetjwayo imiyalela kutsi akhetse kodvwa yena wacinisa inhloko, wakhetsa impi. lesi ke ngiso sikhatsi lapho khona Dunn wabese utsengisa Cetjwayo emangisini kwabese kuyiwa empini lenkulukata emlandvweni wemangisi nemabhuni leyatiwa ngekutsi i impi yesandlwana kumbe i Battle of Isandlwana. lapho khona emaZulu ancojwa emfuleni i Tugela, kwatsi emangisi ngenyanga ya 1 Inyoni 1879 abese atsatsa bukhosi ba Cetjwayo abuhlanganisa kanye ne sifundza sase Natali. ngalesento Dunn waniketwa umhlaba lumkhulu impela waba nendzawo lehlukanisa sive salamhlophe kanye nalabamnyama lebebangatsenjwa ngulabamhlophe.
Kufa[hlela | edit source]
John Dunn wafa mhlaka 5 Ingci 1895, ashade nebafati labangu 48 aphindze anebantfwana labangu 117. wonke umndeni wa Dunn utfolaka eceleni kweTugela uphindze ube nemalungelo kuyo leyo ndzawo kuze kube ngulomuhla.
Phindze ubone[hlela | edit source]
- Alexander Biggar, bekangumkhulu wakhe
emaReferensi[hlela | edit source]
- ↑ Ballard, Charles. John Dunn: White Chief of the Zulu, 1985. pg. 24
- ↑ http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/southafrica/1469474/Zulu-descendants-of-Scot-who-fathered-117-children-win-fight-with-squatters.html
- ↑ http://www.dandunntours.co.za/html/history_of_john_dunn.html
- ↑ ://www.mtunzini.co.za/dunn.htm


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Bunkondlo
Bunkondlo (ngesíNgísi: poetry). Lobu buciko bekuhlanganisa emagama kute loko lokushoko kuvakale ngendlela lemnandzi ibe ifundzisa. Bunkondlo behluke kuleminye imibhalo ngekutsi bona buhamba ngephethini, bunesigci losivako.
Tinkondlo temdzabu[hlela | edit source]
Leti tinkondlo tebuciko bemaswati, umsuka nemlandvo wato usesiveni semaswati.
Tibongo[hlela | edit source]
Tinanatelo[hlela | edit source]
vakashela Tinanatelo tichazwa ngalokujulile
Tinanatelo tifana netibongo kepha tinanatelo tiba temndeni wonkhe, kutsatfwa mhlawumbe tibongo takhokho lomkhulu, kuphindze kufakwe ekhatsi netihlabani takuleso sibongo.
Tinanatelo tichaza ngemsuka waleso sibongo, kutsi basukaphi, kubani, njani, nini futsi nebuchawe babo.
Sibonelo: nawunanatela bakaDlamini utsi: "nine lenacedza lubombo ngekuhlehletela".
Loku kufakatela inkhulumo letsi bachamuka enyakatfo bahlala dvute nemaThonga ngenca yekucabana bakhwela lubombo solo bahlehla badzimate befika eSwatini.
Emahubo / Umgubho[hlela | edit source]
Umgubho yinkhondlo lehlatjelwako, yinkhondlo letsintsa sive sonkhe.


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Indlovukazi Elizabeth II
Elizabeth II, indlovukazi yemaNgisi.
Lokucuketfwe
Kukhula[hlela | edit source]
Elizabeth watalwa mhla tingu-21 kuMábasa nga-1926 eLandani atalwa yinkhosiGeorge IV lobeyinkosana ngaleso sikhatsi kanye naElizabeth Bowes-lyon. Elizabeth wabhabhadiswa esontfweni lebekadze lisesigodlweni ibuckinham. Yena kanye nadzadzewabo Margareth bafundela ekhaya ngephasi kweliso lamake wabo.Nga-1936 uyise watsatsa sikhundla sebukhosi bemangisi emva kwekubeka phasi kwa Edward VIII,Elizabeth yena wabe sewuba yinkhosatane letawulandzela nakukhotsama uyise.
Kugana[hlela | edit source]
Ngemnyaka wa-1927 tingemashumi lamabili ku lweti inkhosatane Elizabeth washada na Charles lobekaphuma emndenini webukhosi bemaDanishi(danish).Elizabeth naCharles banebantfwana labane
Bukhosi[hlela | edit source]
imphilo yenkhosi George yacala kuba yimbi nga-1951.Elizabeth kwabe sekunguye lommelako emikhosini yebukhosi.Nga -1952 tisitfupha kuNdlovana inkhosi yakhotsama.Elizabeth lobekasekhenya kwadzingeka abuye emuva kutolungiselelwa kutsatsa sikhundla sebukhosi. mhla titimbili kukunhlaba ngemnyaka lolanndzelako Elizabeth wabekwa Njengembusi wemaNgisi kanye nawo onkhe emave letingaphasi kweNgilandi kusukela lapho wabitwa ngendlovukazi Elizabeth II.
Lwati lolunzulu nga-Elizabeth[hlela | edit source]


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Tifundza teSwatini
Tifundza teSwatini. Swatini kwéhlukánisa kune districts: Hhohho, Lubombo, Manzini, Shiselweni. Baéhlukánisa 55 tinkhundla, baéhlukánisa imiphakatsi.
Lokucuketfwe
Umlandvo[hlela | edit source]
Kusitfupha tifundza yeSwatini, 1968[1]: Bremersdorp, Hlatikulu, Mankaiana, Mbabane, Pigg's Peak, Stegi.
Districts[hlela | edit source]
Hhohho[hlela | edit source]
- Inkhundla Hhukwini. Imiphakatsi: Dlangeni, Lamgabhi.
- Inkhundla Lobamba. Imiphakatsi: Elangeni, Ezabeni, Ezulwini, Lobamba, Nkanini.
- Inkhundla Madlangempisi. Imiphakatsi: Ebulanzeni/Buhlebuyeza, Emzaceni, Kadvokolwako, Kaguquka, Kazandondo.
- Inkhundla Maphalaleni. Imiphakatsi: Emcengeni, Emfeni, Entsanjeni, Esitseni, Kasiko, Mabeleni, Madlolo, Maphalaleni, Nsingweni.
- Inkhundla Mayiwane. Imiphakatsi: Emfasini, Herefords, Mavula, Mkhuzweni, Mkhweni.
- Inkhundla éMbábáne East. Imiphakatsi: Corporation, Fonteyn, Gobholo, Maqobolwane, Mcozini, Mncitsini, Mntulwini, Sidwashini.
- Inkhundla éMbábáne West. Imiphakatsi: éMbábáne I, éMbábáne II, éMbábáne III, éMbábáne IV, éMbábáne V, éMbábáne VI, Bahai, Mangwaneni.
- Inkhundla Mhlangatane. Imiphakatsi: Mangweni, Manjengeni, Mavula, Malibeni, Mpofu, Ndvwabangeni, Nhlanguyavuka, Nyakatfo, Sidwashini, Zinyane.
- Inkhundla Motjane. Imiphakatsi: Ekupheleni, Esigangeni, Luhlendlweni, Mantabeni, Motjane, Mpolonjeni, Sipocosini.
- Inkhundla Ndzingeni. Imiphakatsi: Bulandzeni, Emgungunlovu, Emvuma, Ludlawini, Ndzingeni, Ngowane, Nkamanzi.
- Inkhundla Nkhaba. Imiphakatsi: Ejubukweni, Ekuvinjelweni, Emdzimba, Nkaba.
- Inkhundla Ntfonjeni. Imiphakatsi: Hhelehhele, Kandwandwe, Lomshiyo, Mashobeni, Mshingishingini, Mvembili, Vusweni.
- Inkhundla Piggs Peak. Imiphakatsi: Bulembu, Ekwakheni, Enginamadolo, Ensangwini, Kamkhweli, Luhhumaneni.
- Inkhundla Timpisini. Imiphakatsi: Kahhohho, Mashobeni, Mvembili, Ndlalambi/Ludzibini.
Lubombo[hlela | edit source]
- Inkhundla Dvokodvweni. Imiphakatsi: Enjabulweni, Etjedze, Malindza, Mampempeni, Mdumezulu, Mhlangatane, Sigcaweni.
- Inkhundla Hlane. Imiphakatsi: Hlane, Khuphuka, Ntandweni, Sikhuphe.
- Inkhundla Lomahasha. Imiphakatsi: Lomahasha, Mafucula, Shewula, Tsambokhulu.
- Inkhundla Lugongolweni. Imiphakatsi: Langa, Makhewu, Mlindazwe, Sitsatsaweni.
- Inkhundla Matsanjeni. Imiphakatsi: Lukhetseni, Mambane, Maphungwane, Tikhuba.
- Inkhundla Mhlume. Imiphakatsi: Mhlume, Simunye, Tabankulu, Tshaneni, Vuvulane.
- Inkhundla Mpholonjeni. Imiphakatsi: Kashoba, Ndzangu, Ngcina.
- Inkhundla Nkilongo. Imiphakatsi: Crooks, Gamula, Lunkufu, Mayaluka, Ngcampalala.
- Inkhundla Siphofaneni. Imiphakatsi: Hlutse, Kamkhweli, Macetjeni, Madlenya, Maphilingo, Mphumakudze, Nceka, Ngevini, Tambuti.
- Inkhundla Sithobela. Imiphakatsi: Luhlanyeni, Mamiza, Nkonjwa.
- Inkhundla Somntongo. Imiphakatsi: Canerbury, Kavuma, Mabantaneni, Nkhanini, Sifuntaneni.
Manzini[hlela | edit source]
- Inkhundla Ekukhanyeni. Imiphakatsi: Bhekinkhosi, Ebutfonweni, Embheka, Engcayini, Engwazini, Enkiliji, Ensenga, Enyakeni, Esankolweni, Eswaceni, Kantunja, Maliyaduma, Mdayaneni, Mkhulamini.
- Inkhundla Hlambanyatsi. Imiphakatsi: Dingizwe, Lundzi, Mbangave, Mlindazwe, Zondwako.
- Inkhundla Kwaluseni. Imiphakatsi: Kwalusenimhlane, Logoba.
- Inkhundla Lamgabhi. Imiphakatsi: Dudusini, Emhlangeni, Engwenyameni, Kalamgabhi, Kaluhleko.
- Inkhundla Lobamba Lomdzala. Imiphakatsi: Luyengo, Malkerns.
- Inkhundla Ludzeludze. Imiphakatsi: Ekudzeni, Enkamanzi, Esibuyeni, Esigombeni, Mbekelweni, Usweni, Zombodze.
- Inkhundla Mafutseni. Imiphakatsi: Engculwini, Etimbutini, Kabhudla, Kankhambule, Luhlokohla, Mafutseni.
- Inkhundla Mahlangatja. Imiphakatsi: Bhahwini, Ebuseleni, Eludvondvolweni, Eluzelweni, Emambatfweni, Empolonjeni, Kazulu, Mgomfelweni, Nsangwini, Sigcineni.
- Inkhundla Mangcongco. Imiphakatsi: Dwalile, Mafutseni, Mangcongco, Ncabaneni, Sandlane.
- Inkhundla Manzini North. Imiphakatsi: Edwaleni, Emakholweni, Mnyenyweni, Mzimnene.
- Inkhundla iNingizimu Manzini. Imiphakatsi: Lwandle, Mjingo, Moneni, Zakhele.
- Inkhundla Mkhiweni. Imiphakatsi: Dvokolwako, Ekutsimleni, Mbelebeleni.
- Inkhundla Mtfongwaneni. Imiphakatsi: Bulunga, Ehlane, Gundwini, Lwandle, Ndlandlameni.
- Inkhundla Ngwempisi. Imiphakatsi: Bhadzeni I, Bhadzeni II, Elushikishini, Emahhashini, Emaqudvulwini, Engcoseni, Enhlulweni, Etshebovu, Khabonina, Mgazini, Velezizweni.
- Inkhundla Nhlambeni. Imiphakatsi: Dwaleni, Kashali, Njelu.
- Inkhundla Ntondozi. Imiphakatsi: Egebeni, Empini, Endlini Lembi, Kandinda, Ncabaneni, Ntondozi.
Shiselweni[hlela | edit source]
- Inkhundla Gege. Imiphakatsi: Emhlahlweni, Emjikelweni, Endzingeni, Ensukazi, Kadinga, Katsambekwako, Mgazini, Mgomfelweni, Mlindazwe, Sisingeni.
- Inkhundla Hosea. Imiphakatsi: Ka-Hhohho Emva, Ludzakeni/Kaliba, Lushini, Manyiseni, Nsingizini, Ondiyaneni.
- Inkhundla Kubuta. Imiphakatsi: Ezishineni, Kakholwane, Kaphunga, Ngobelweni, Nhlalabantfu.
- Inkhundla Maseyisini. Imiphakatsi: Dlovunga, Kamzizi, Mbilaneni, Vusweni.
- Inkhundla Matsanjeni. Imiphakatsi: Bambitje/Nsalitje, Dinabanye, Ekuphumleni, Qomontaba.
- Inkhundla Mtsambama. Imiphakatsi: Bhanganoma, Ekwendzeni, Kambhoke, Magele.
- Inkhundla Ngudzeni. Imiphakatsi: Ekukhanyeni, Ekulambeni, Lusitini, Ndushulweni, Nyatsini.
- Inkhundla Nkwene. Imiphakatsi: Ebuseleni, Hlobane, Kagwebu, Kuphumleni, Nhlalabantfu, Sigcineni.
- Inkhundla Sandleni. Imiphakatsi: Bufaneni, Enkalaneni, Ka-Nzameya, Kagasa, Kontjingila, Mbelebeleni, Mphini, Ngololweni, Nkhungwini, Tibondzeni.
- Inkhundla Shiselweni I. Imiphakatsi: Dumenkungwini, Mabona, Mchinsweni, Zikhotheni.
- Inkhundla Shiselweni II. Imiphakatsi: Embheka, Mahlalini, Makhwelela, Mbabala, Mkhitsini, Mphangisweni, Sikhotseni.
- Inkhundla Sigwe. Imiphakatsi: Empini, Kankhomonye, Lindizwa, Lulakeni.
- Inkhundla Somntongo. Imiphakatsi: Ezindwenweni, Maplotini, Mlindazwe, Phangweni, Qomintaba, Vimbizibuko.
- Inkhundla Zombodze. Imiphakatsi: Bulekeni, Mampondweni, Ngwenyameni, Zombodze.
Caphela[hlela | edit source]
Kufuna lamanye emakhasi lafana naleli[hlela | edit source]
- Lidolobha laseSwatini.
- Umbuso weSwatini.


text:
Thomas Mopoku Mofolo
Thomas Mokopu Mofolo (22 Ingongoni 1876 – 8 Inyoni 1948) bekangumbhali lomkhulu wetincwadzi tesisutfu. Ubhale tincwadzi letinyenti tesiSutfu. Chaka ngulenye incwadzi layibhala yahunyushwa elulwimini lwesiSingisi.
Lokucuketfwe
Umlandvo[hlela | edit source]
Thomas Mofolo watalwa e Khojane,e Lesotho, mhlaka 22 Ingongoni 1876. wafundza esikolweni lebesidvute nalabekahlala khona, lesi sikolo lebesisesontfweni lebelatiwa nge Paris Evangelical Missionary Society , lapha ke waphotfula timfundvo tebuthishela watfola sitifiketi ngo 1898. watsi nakacedza kufundza watfola umsebenti esitolo semabhuku e Morija. lapho labanye bafundisi labebama mishinari babona imibhalo yakhe babese bayamgcugcutela kutsi acale kubhala emabhuku, ngulapho wacala kubhala emabhuku ngesiSotho pheceleti libhuku lekucala lewabhala lesihloko salo besitsi Moeti oa bochabela (1907; The Traveler of the East). lelibhuku belitjela ngemlandvo wa Shifu webaSutfu lobekakhuluma aphindze aphonse imibuto ngenkolo yemakrestu, lelibhuku libhalwe ngebuhlakani ngedlela yekuhlanganisa tinkondlo kanye netimva batsi, ngulapho ke wacala kubhala ngetindzaba temilandvo kanye netinganekwane netibongo. impumelelo yalelibhuku yenta bothishela labanyenti kutsi nabo bacale kubhala amabhuku, loku ke kwacala kulandzelwa bantfu labafundzile mbamba e Afrika lese ningizimu.
Tincwadzi latibhalile[hlela | edit source]
- Mofolo, Thomas Mopoku. Moeti oa bochabela, 1907.
- Mofolo, Thomas Mopoku. Pitseng, 1910.
- Mofolo, Thomas Mopoku. Chaka, 1925.
letinye tincwadzi lacashunwa kuto[hlela | edit source]
- Ellenberger, Victor. « Thomas Mofolo (1873-1948) », "Journal des Missions évangéliques", iNdlóvana 1949, Paris: Société des Missions Évangéliques, p. 77-79 (síFulentji).
- Gerard, Albert S. « Literature in Southern Sotho » in Four african literatures Xhosa Sotho Zulu Amharic, 1971, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1971, p. 101- 180 (síNgísi).
- Kunene, Daniel P. The Works of Thomas Mofolo: Summaries and Critiques, 1967, Los Angeles: Africa Studies Center of the University of California, 1967, 28 p (síNgísi).
- Kunene, Daniel P. Thomas Mofolo and the emergence of written Sesotho prose, 1989, éJózi: Ravan press, 1989, 251 p (síNgísi).
- Sévry, Jean. Chaka, empereur des Zoulous: histoires, mythes et légendes, 1991, Paris: L'Harmattan, 1991, 251 p (síFulentji).


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IMvelo yindzaba letsi umuntfu, umhlaba kanye nelive jikelele kwadalwa, hhayi kutsi kwamane nje kwavela eteni.
WSiphila emhlabeni longasho lutfo kodwa lobunjwe ngubuciko lobukhulu, lokhona ngisho kusebenta ungahanjiswa ngumuntfu. Sisonkhe, siphila, sincobe kufa; sibofakazi ebuhleni, elutsandvweni kanye nase kuhlabeleleni, tibalo, imicabango, kulima, tindzaba tetinkantolo and magwebu; konkhe kwavela eteni. Kwavela ngeliphutsa.
Kuto tonkhe titukulwane letiphile kulomhlaba, kute lesingakhonondza ngekutsi singabuboni bungcondvongcondvo lobentekako lapho siphila khona. Kumele sicaphelisise ke singasoli.
Eminyakeni le 3000, Inkosi Davide wema Israel wabhala (Emahubo 8:3-4) "Umangincoma emazulu Akho, umsebenti wetingalo Takho, inyanga netinkanyeti, lotiyaletile"


text:
IJohannesburg
iJohannesburg lephindze yatiwe ngekutsi iJozi, iJoburg, eJoni, eGoli kumbe eJoeys, lebhalwa pheceleti njenge JHB, lidholobhakati lase Ningizimu Afrika. iJohannesburg iphindze ibe inhloko dholobha yesifundza se Gauteng, kantsi inotse kutengca tonke tifundza tase Ningizimu Afrika kanye nemadholobhakati asentasi nelivekati lase Afrika.[1] [2]lelidholobha liphindze libe ngilo lelikhulukati lelingakakhiwa eceleni nemfula kumbe lwandle.[3] . Imibani yelitulu ivamile kakhulu kushaya edholobheni lase Johannesburg. La kulelidholobha kuphindze kutfolakale inkantolo yesishayamtsetfo welive lase Ningizimu Afrika, lena ke inkantolo lenkulukati eveni lephindze ibe nelivi lekugcina etindzabeni temtsetfo welive. Igolide ne dayimane iyagutfwa etimayini takhona eJozi kantsi tintsaba takhona tinotsile ngawo lamatje eligugu.
i Johannesburg inetikhumulo temoya letibili letisentjetiswa tindiza kantsi lenkulukati iphindze ibe matasa e Afrika mpuma yonke iO.R. Tambo International Airport, kantsi yesibili kuba i Lanseria International Airport letfolakala enshonalanga neliJozi, kantsi naso lesikhumulo siyakhona kubamba umtsamo lomkhulu wetindiza kodvwa usetjentiselwa tindiza letincane.
Ngekwetibalo temphakatsi tango 2007, tibalo tebantfu labatfolakala e Johannesburg betibalelwa ku 4,434,827 sekutsi bantfu labatfolakala emaphetselweni eJozi babe ngu 7,151,447.[4] iJohannesburg ifaka phakatsi i Soweto, lekulilokishi lelikhulukati emhlabeni kantsi lelilokishi licale kuba yincenye ye Jozi kusukela eminyakeni yangabo 1990.


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IMIGOMO YEKUVULELA KUTFOLAKALA KWEMTSETFO NGAPHANDLE KWETINDLEKO
Tinhlangano telwati lwemtsetfo emhlanganweni lowabanjwa eMontreal taphakamisa imigomo letsi:
· Lwati lwesive lwetemtsetfo kuwo onkhe emave netinhlangano temhlaba wonkhe luyincenye yeluhlelo lwebuntfu. Kuphakamisa lizinga lekutfolakala kwalolwati lwetemtsetfo kukhomba kutfutfuka kwemtsetfo kanye nekuhlonishwa kwawo;
· Lwati lwesive lwetemtsetfo luvulekele kuwo wonkhe umuntfu ngokusebentisa bucwephesha lobusembili;
· Tinhlangano letisebenta kucopha lolwati lwemtsetfo tinelilungelo lekuwusakata nekubambisana nahulumende lokunguyena msunguli nemhleli walolwati, kumele baciniseke kutfolakala kwalo lwati kute lusakatwe esiveni;
Lwati lwesive lemtsetfo lusho lwati lwemtsetfo lolukhicitwe tingoni tesive letibekwe emagunyeni ekukhicita umtsetfo bese awuniketa sive. Loku kusho kwengetela ngayo imiphandzela yekucala kusinika umtsetfo, kufaka ekhatsi imitsetfo leyashaywa, tijubo tetinkantolo, tivumelwano temave kanye naleminye imiphandzela lelandzelako lengahunyushwa kute sitfole kuyo umtsetfo, loku kufaka imibiko yemabandla lahlunga umtsetfo,emabandla lacilonga inchubo yawo umtsetfo kanye nemaphepha lanemtsetfo lakhichitiwe ngetindleko tesive.
Lemiphandzela yemtsetfo lehunyushwako kufanele nayo itfolwe sive ngaphandle kwetindleko kantsi kusakwata kwalo lolwati lwetemtsetfo ngalokusekuphindziwe akukavumeleki.
Letinhlangano Telwati Lwetemtsetfo;
· Tisakata lolwati lwemtsetfo ngebuchwephesha babongcondvo mshina tibutsatsa etingonini tesive letahlukene letinalolwati;
· Tiniketa lolwati kalula ngaphandle kwetindleko;
· Ataleli muntfu alutfole lolwati kuyo imiphandzela yalo nakuto ngalokunjalo njengebasakati balo;
· Tisekela lemigomo njengekuphakanyiswa kwayo.
Tonkhe letinhlangano temtsetfo tiyakhutsatwa kutsi tingenele imihlangano nemifundza tikolo yetifundza nasemaveni lamanye kute kuvuleke ematfuba ekuchumana.
Ngalokunjalo leTinhlangano Tavuma:
· Kukhutsata nekusekela kutfolakala kwelwati lwetemtsetfo esiveni sonkhe ngabo buchwephesha lobuphambili;
· Kuchayisa bumcoka bendzima ledlawa ngulelo nalelo Live ekuvuleni tindlela tekutfolakala kwalolwati malula;
· Kubambisana netinhlangano tonkhe nakuwo emave latfutfukako ekucinisekeni kuphumelela kwalemigomo nekushiyelana lwati kuto temtsetfo;
· Kusitana nekusekelana ngalokuphelele kwato Tinhlangano letiseke ngalemigomo kulandzela:
· Kutfutfukisa boHulumende naletinye tinhlangano tesive letiphendlela kutfolakala kwalolwati lwetemtsetfo
· Kuniketa lusito kutebuchwepheshwa, nemibono kanye nekucecesha;
· Kutfutfukisa lizinga lwebuchwephesha ngalokwanele;
· Kushiyelana lwati ngemiphumela yetemfundvo lehlolwe ngalokujulile.
Kuhlangana njalo ngemnyaka, timeme naletinye tinhlangano letiphatselene nelwati lwemtsetfo kutsi tingenele lemigomo nalemihlangano, ngekulandzela inchubo lebekwe bahleli baletimigomo.
Kuniketa labasitakala ngalolwati lwetemtsetfo ngalokucacile yonkhe imibandzela yekusebenta lapho kudzingeka khona.
Lemigomo yabekwa Tihlangano telwati lwetemtsetfo ngemnyaka wa 2002 emhlanganweni lowawubanjwe eMontreal yase iyachitjetelwa ngemnyakawa 2003, 2004, 2007, Sydney, Paris nase Montreal ngekulandzelandzelana kwawo.


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Bukhristu
Jesu Khristu[hlela | edit source]
BuKhristu lukholo lukholo lolulandzela tinfundziso taJesu Khristu letitfolalakala ethestamenteni lelisha ebhayibhelini.Balandzeli balolukholo bakholwa kutsi Jesu Khristu yindvodzana yasimakadze leyatalwa yaba yinye,munye Nkulunkulu lowadala lizulu nemhlaba.Bakholwa kutsi jesu Khristu nguye lokawapholofithwa ngaye kutsi utawufika atekusindzisa bantfu ababuyisele kuNkulunkulu.
Libhayibheli lisitekela kutsi Jesu watalwa nguMariya intfombi.Ngesikhatsi sekubalwa kwebantfu eveni lonkhe lebelibuswa ngemaRoma. Utsite naneminyaka lelishumi nakubili wamangata labanyenti eThempelini nakakhuluma ngenshisekelo lenkhulu ngemibhalo yemajuta.Utsite nasakhulile wacala kushumayela nekwenta timangaliso elapha tichwala nalabagulako.ekugcineni wabetselewa esiphambanweni,wafa wembela ,kepha emva kwemalanga lamatsatfu wavuka wabonwa bafundzi bakhe wafundzisa tinsuku letingemashumi lamane wase unyuselwa ezulwini.
Butsatfu lobungcwele[hlela | edit source]
Butsatfu lobungcwele yinkholelo yemaKhristu ekutsini Nkulunkulu mtsatfu kepha abe amunye.lobutsatfu Nguyise, indvodzana kanye nemoya loyingcwele.
Libhayibheli[hlela | edit source]
- Umbhalo lobaluleke kakhulu kumaKhristu libhayibheli lokuyincwadzi mlandvo ngesive semaHebheru.Libhayibheli lehlukaniswe kabili lithestamente lelidala kanye nalelisha.


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Inhlatfu
Inhlatfu (Python natalensis)
- síNgísi: Python
Simo nekutiphatsa[hlela | edit source]
Inhlatfu inyoka lenkhulu lehlanganisa imibala lonsundvu, lolutfuli nalompofu. imihlobo yakulamanye emave iba liphuti namhlophe.
Lena yinyoka lengenabo butsi, idle ngekutsi nayibamba inyamatane iyitungeletele iyimpintje iyephule ematsambo idzimate ife. Tinhlatfu tikhula tidzimate tifike emamitheni lalishumi. Tibekela emacandza lensikati iwafukamele sikhatsi lesingaba tinyanga letintstfu. Kute-ke lamacandza afutfumale kutsiwa inhlatfu ikhona kudzikitisa umtimba wayo ngendlela lengetubulala emacandza kepha iwaphe kushisa.
Indzawo letfolakala kuyo[hlela | edit source]
Indzawo letsandvwa tinhlatfu yindzawo lelihlanze lapho kunemahlatsi khona.


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ISwizalendi
iSwizalendi . Live laseYurophu.
Mayelana ne Swizalendi[hlela | edit source]
- IRiphabliki.
- Inhlokodolobha: Bern.
- Linani leBantfu eBern: 123.466 (2009).
- Mengameli: Doris Leuthard.
- 41.285 Km2.
- Linani leBantfu: 7.782.900 (2009).
- 188 bantfu/km2.
- PIB: 314.869.000.000 USD (2009).
- Likhodi Le-inthanethi: ".ch"
I Swizalendi live lelitfolakala phakatsi kwetintsaba kanye nemawa, kantsi lilive lelihlukaniseke katsatfu, lokuhlukaniseka loku kucuketse emawa langema ayisi, umzila lowatiwa ngekutsi i Swiss Plateau kanye nentsaba leyatiwa ngekutsi i Jura,lomzila udvonsa libanga lelingemakhilomitha langu 41285 km2. kutsi letintsaba temawa lama ayisi sidle sigamu nje lesidze salelive, tibalo tebantfu labatfolakala kulelive tibalelwa ku 8 million kantsi labanyenti babo labantfu batfolakala kuwo lomzila wetintsaba, lapha ke ngulapho kuphindze kutfolakale khona nenhlokodholobha yalo lelive lase Swizalendi kantsi emadholobha ase Swizalendi advume umhlaba wonke aphindze atiwe ngekutsi ngema global cities ngenca yemnotfo wawo, lawa ke i – Zürich kanye ne Geneva.
Lelive lase Swiss linemlandvo lomudze wekungatibandzakanyi etimpini , pheceleti loku lokwatiwa ngekutsi i armed neutrality— kusukela ngemnyaka wango 1815— alikaze lelive libe nempi, ngiko ke loku lokwente kutsi lingenele inhlangano yetive muva ngemnyaka wa 2002. kusesenjalo ke lelive linebudlelwane lobuhle nalamanye emave emhlaba kantsi budlelwane balo bakhelwe esisekelweni sekuletsa kutfula nelucolo emaveni lamanyenti.[1] .i Swizalendi live lakwatalwa khona inhlangano ye Siphambano Lesibovu pheceleti i Red Cross kantsi futsi tinhlangano letinyenti tinemahhovisi awo lamakhulu kulelive lokufaka phakatsi i second largest UN office. Emaveni ase Yuropu leli ngilo live lelisungule inhlangano ye European Free Trade Association loku kuphindze kube yincenye ye Schengen Area – lokufaka phakatsi i nyonyana ye European Union, endzaweni leyatiwangekutsi yi Eureopean Economic Area.
Kufuna[hlela | edit source]
Kúbópha[hlela | edit source]
- ↑ Thomas Fleiner, Alexander Misic, Nicole Töpperwien, Swiss Constitutional Law, p. 28, Kluwer Law International


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Indlu yeSatyagraha
Indlu yeSatyagraha, leyatiwa pheceleti ngekutsi ngumuti wa Gandhi, iyindlu yemlandvo kantsi iphindze ibe yindlu yetivakashi. Lendlu itfolakala eJozi kantsi ngulapho bekahlala aphindze asebentele khona Mahatma Gandhi kanye nemndeni wakhe kusukela eminyakeni yangabo 1908 kuya ku 1909.Nyalo lendlu ibhaliswe njengalinye lebalulekile emlandvweni kanye nakumagugu esive asendzaweni yase Jozi. Satyagraha kuchaza kuhlala ungasuki ecinisweni. Kantsi lendlu yadvwetjwa yaphindze yakhiwa sati ngetakhiwo umnumzane Hermann Kallenbach kantsi naye Herman Kallenbach bekaphindze ahlala khona kulendlu kanye nabo Gandhi.
Umlandvo[hlela | edit source]
Gandhi wacitsa iminyaka lengu 21 eNingizimu Afrika kusukela ngo 1893 kuya ku 1914,kodvwa kuso sona leso sikhatsi bekavakashela eNdiya kanye nase UK. Kutsiwa Gandhi wati ngelibandlululo uma aboshwa ngemaphoyisa estimeleni kutsi ugebele endzaweni yalabamhlophe. [1]
ngo 1904, Gandhi wahlanganga na Hermann Kallenbach, lijuta laseJalimane lebelifike e Ningizimu Afrika ngo 1896. ngo 1907 Kallenbach wabese udvweba lendlu wayihlela kutsi ibe ngemaguma lamabili,lokusakhiwo lebesifana naletinyenti takhiwo tasemakhaya taborantabula. [2] Naloku besifana nesakhiwo sasemakhaya, waphindze wasebentisa tindlela tekwakha taseyurobhu. Babese bayibita ngekutsi "Sibaya" lendlu.
Lendlu beyinetitebula kanye nendzawo yekudlala umphebeto, bobabili bebaphila impilo yekutingcwelisa nekungahlanganyeli eminakweli yelive. Gandhi bekalala endzaweni lesetulu lapho bekagibela khona ngesitepisi, kodvwa bobabili bana Kallenbach bebasebentisa indzawo yekuphekela kanye kanye. lendlu beyite iminyango leyakulamanye emagumbi kodvwa bekufanele umuntfu aphume egumbini lelinye kuya kulelinye. Impilo ya Kallenbach yagucuka impela nakahlala na Gandhi imali lebekayisebentisa yabayincane kakhulu ngenca yekutsi impilo yakhe beyingasancikanga emalini. Ngaphambi kwekutsi lendlu itsengwe ngemnyaka wa 2009 inkapani i French travel company Voyageurs du Monde , lenye yetinkapani tembuso weNdiya beyifuna kuyigucula iyente indlu yemasiko elive laseNdiya kodvwa inkapani yaseFrance yayiwina enkantolo yabese iyayivuselela yayenta umtapo wemagugu kanye nendlu yetivakashi ngemnyaka wa 2011. Umphatsi walendlu lokhona nyalo ngu Lauren Segal.[3][4]
Tichumaniso[hlela | edit source]
- ↑ Gandhi History in South Africa, accessed 18 June 2013
- ↑ "Hermann Kallenbach", Artefacts.co.za, accessed 18 June 2013
- ↑ http://www.gauteng.net/attractions/entry/satyagraha_house1/
- ↑ http://www.safarinow.com/go/SatyagrahaHouseOrchards


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FRELIMO
i"Mozambican Liberation Front" kumbe "Frente de Libertação de Moçambique" (FRELIMO)licembu letembusave laseveni lase Mozambiki.Mongameli walo wekucala ngu Eduardo Mondlane. Lasungulwa tinhlangano letincane taseMozambiki lebetiseveni lase Tanzania tilwela inkululeko yase Mozambiki eveni lase Portugal. [1]
Kucala kwalo
Ekucaleni kweminyaka yabo 1970 i FRELIMO beseyinemasosha langetulu kwa 7,000 kantsi beseyikhone kutsatsa letinye tincenye telive letitfolakala emkabeni nelive kanye nasenyakatfo nelive lase Mozambiki etandleni temaputukezi. Emasosha emaputukezi labekase Mozambiki ngaleso sikhatsi bekalinganiselwa ku 60,000 kantsi bekatfolakala ngebunyenti endzaweni yase Cahora Bassa lapho umbuso wemaputukezi bewenta lidamu lebelitawuphehla umbani wagezi. Tingucuko letinyenti betenteka eMozambiki kanye nase Portugal kusukela ngeminyaka yangabo 1960 kwatsi ngemnyaka wa 1974 umbuso lobewukhona e Portugal i Estado Novo wacunjwa phansi kwaba ngulapho licembu lelisha lebeseliphetse lanika inkululeko onke emave langesheya labekacindzetelwa umbuso we Portugal. Inkululeko yanikwa mhlaka 25 Inhlaba 1975 eveni lase Mozambiki live lase Portugal.[2]


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Sobhuza II
Ingonyama Sobhuza Wesibili[hlela | edit source]
Sobhuza wesibili watalwa mhla tingu-22 kukholwane nga-1899 yinkhosikati Lomawa Ndwandwe. Ngawo lomnyaka ingonyama Mahlokohla yakhotsama. Emva kwekukhotsama kwengonyama Mahlokohla Indlovukazi Labotsibeni nalomawa babambela Sobhuza.
libito lekutalwa lengonyama Sobhuza nguNkhotfotjeni. Leli laSobhuza ulitfole nga-1921 nasatsatsa bukhosi.
Nasakhulakhulile Sobhuza Labotsibeni wagcogca timali wakha sikolwa kaLobamba lapho Sobhuza afundza khona. Utsite nacedza lapho wendluliselwa eKoloni eKolishi iLovedale lapho aphotfula khona tifundvo takhe. Konkhe loku yimitamo yaLabotsibeni. Lapha ekolishi Sobhuza wahlangana nebaholi labanyenti base Afrika.
Ngemnyaka wa-1921 Sobhuza wabekwa esikhundleni sebukhosi bemaswati.
Sifiso sekucala seNgonyama bekukulinga kubuyisa live lemaswati lelabe lisetandleni tebadzeshi. Kepha-ke loko bekulukhuni ngoba belumbi bebanetincwadzi letikhomba kutsi live balitsenga engonyameni Mbandzeni. Sobhuza wehla enyuka awela tilwandle aya eNgilandi kundlovukazi yemaNgisi.
Sobhuza wagcina aphumelele ngoba nga-1968 emaswati atfola ndiphethe. Sobhuza uwabusile emaSwati kwadzimate kwaba ngu-1986 lapho akhotsama khona. Emlandvweni wetive tonkhe Sobhuza ngulenye yemakhosi lambalwa labuse sikhatsi lesidze.


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IGibhithe
Lokucuketfwe
Live[hlela | edit source]
- Libito :Gumhūriyyat Misr al-'Arabiyyah(Iriphablikhi yema-Arabhu yeGibhithe)
- Lihubi lesive :Bilady,bilady,bilady(live lami,live lami,live lami)
- Inhlokodolobha :Cairo
- umfula lomkhulu :inayili
- Bubanti belive : 980.869km²
hulumende[hlela | edit source]
- luhlobo :iriphablikhi
- mengameli :Mohamed hosni mubarak
- sishayamtsetfo :liphalamende lelimbacambili
- tifundza :tingemashumi lamabili nesiphohlongo
bantfu[hlela | edit source]
- linani : 80,335,036 (kulinganisa kwanga-2007)
- Tilwimi : si-Arabhu
- lukholo :80-90% busulumane,10-20% bukhristu
umlandvo[hlela | edit source]
iGibhithe inemlandvo lomudze wemakhulukhulu eminyaka ekushintjana kwemibuso leminyenti.IGibhithe lelugwadvule kepha-ke yona ayifani naletinye tingwadvule ngoba kuyo kugeleta umfula iNayili lokungumfula lomudze kuyedlula yonkhe emhlabeni[1].loku ngiko lokwaletsa emaGibhithe ekucala kulendzawo ngeminyaka yabo-8000 BC.Nga-BC 3150 faro Menes wahlanganisa imibuso lemibili,wasenyakatfo naseningizimu kwaba ngumbuso munye wemaGibhithe.emva kwekuhlangana kwalemibuso kwalandzela sikhatsi semphucuko lenkhulu.Emagibhithe afundza kubhala,kudvweba.kwakha nalokunye lokunyeti lokwenta lesive sichakate kwedlula letinye.
Faro Ramses lowabusa kusukela ku-1279 BC kuya ku-1212 BC wakha emathempeli lamanyenti,takhiwo letinhle kanye netindzawo tekuchakambisa lukholo lwemaGibhithe.lomunye faro lowadvuma kwaba ngu-Akhinathoni lobekagcugcutela kutsi emaGibhithe advumise Nkulunkulu munye.
Nga-332BC emaGibhithe ancotjwa ngu-Alexander the Great lowasungula lidolobha i-Alexandria elugwini lwalelive ,lelidolobha laba yindzawo lebalulekile kutekuhweba.


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Libandla la Jesu lelicobo
Libandla lelibitwa ngekutsi yi True Jesus Church Libandla lelitimele lelasungulwa e Beijing, eveni lase Shayina ngemnyaka wanga 1917. Lamuhla lelibandla linemalunga landlulako ku 1.5 million (sigidzi nahhafu)emaveni langemashumi lamane nesihlanu (45) etichingini letisitfupha. Lelibandla liyincenye yenkolelo yebu Khristu ye Phentekhosti leyasungulwa eminyakeni leyendlulako enkulungwaneni. Kusukela ngemnyaka wa 1997, lelibandla lasungulwa e Ningizimu Afrika. Sihlose kushumayela lelivangeli kuwo onkhe emave angakabuyi kwesibili Jesu. Inshumayelo yetfu inetingono letilishumi lesikholwela kuto. Ngunati:
- Jesu Khristu, Nelivi lowagucuka waba yinyama, wafa esiphambanweni khona sitowusindziswa etonweni tetfu, wavuka ngelilanga lesitsatfu wakhuphukela ezulwini. Nguye yedvwa losindzisa bantfu, lowadala lizulu nemhlaba, nguye kuphela Nkulunkulu lophilako.
- Ngumoya Longcwele
- KuBajatiswa
- Kugeza tinyawo
- Sidlo lesingcwele
- Lusuku LweSabatha
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- kusindziswa
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Kúbópha[hlela | edit source]
- TJC Evangelical iwebhusayithi (síNgísi).
- TJC International Assembly iwebhusayithi (síNgísi).
- The TJC United States General Assembly iwebhusayithi (síNgísi).
- TJC United Kingdom iwebhusayithi (síNgísi).
- TJC West Malaysia iwebhusayithi (síNgísi).
- TJC Hong Kong iwebhusayithi (síNgísi).
- World TJC websites directory iwebhusayithi (síNgísi).