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- Posts: 61
- Kea le leboha ka a fumana: 16
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Tlhahiso bakeng sa P3Dv4 autoinstaller
Hey ke ile ka kenya lifofane tsa 2 bakeng sa P3Dv4 'me ka mabaka a mang, moetsi o batla ho kenya file ho (program x (86) e leng libaka tsa mananeo a bitsoa a bitsoa 32. Lockheed e kenya lenaneong la Lenaneo bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea 64. lifofane tse fumanoang ha li leka ho khetha sefofane le hoja ke fumana pontšo ea hore kopo e atlehile.Ekare ke ne ke sheba ka har'a lifofane tsa Aeroplanese ebile ha ho na letho moo. Sena ha se bothata ho 'na ha ke itlhomella ho kenya sefofane ho desktop ea ka, ebe ke kopitsa fensetere ea lifofane ho ea, lifofane tsa ka tsa lifofane. Empa ke ne ke nahana hore ke tla u tsebisa, Kea leboha
Ka kopo Kena or Theha ak'haonte hore ba ikopanye le moqoqo.
Lumela,
E se eka nka ba le lebitso la e 'ngoe ea li-addon e le hore ke tle ke balehe tlhahlobo e le hore ke hlahise phoso mme ke qetelle ke e lokisa.
kea leboha
Erik - General Molaodi - Kamehla thabela ho u thusa
Ka kopo Kena or Theha ak'haonte hore ba ikopanye le moqoqo.
Ka sebele ... Falcon 50 le Douglas C47, Thanks
Ka kopo Kena or Theha ak'haonte hore ba ikopanye le moqoqo.
Ok kea leboha,
Ke sa ntse ke matha tlhahlobo e itseng 'me ha ke fumane khang, setopo se kena ka fenseteng ea 64 bits bakeng sa ka.
Ke na le li-bitsana tsa 10 64 tsa Windows. e sebelisa P3D v4. Empa ke na le P3D v1 v2 v3, FSX le FSX Steam e kentsoeng le X-Plane 9 ho 11.
Mohala ha a khone ho etsa phoso hobane e sheba tsela ea P3D v4 ho tswa ho registry ea Windows e ne e le P3D v4 e ikentse eona ea bohlokoa le tsela.
Na u ka sheba ka HKEY_CURRENT_USER \ Software \ Lockheed Martin \ Prepar3D v4 \ AppPath
le
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE \ SOFTWARE \ Lockheed Martin \ Prepar3D v4 \ SetupPath
Mpolelle hore na tsela efe ea bobeli e sebelisoang (sebelisa regedit.exe ho tloha ho Windows taelo ea ho kena ho tse ling tsa li-registry)
kea leboha
Erik - General Molaodi - Kamehla thabela ho u thusa
Ka kopo Kena or Theha ak'haonte hore ba ikopanye le moqoqo.
Ka sebele, ke sebelisa windows 7 SP1 ... E ka 'na ea e-ba bothata, ke tla e sheba
Ka kopo Kena or Theha ak'haonte hore ba ikopanye le moqoqo.
Ho joalo, e ne e le bothata ka lifensetere tsa 7 mme e ne e le phoso ea ho ngolisa. le hoja download e ne e itšetlehile feela, lifensetere tsa 7 li ne li batla ho kopitsa lenaneong la khale la botšepehi (x86). Ke tla be ke reka koloi ea SSD ho sebelisa lifensetere haufinyane, ke hlokometse hore FSX le P3D li tsamaela hantle haholo ka koloi e fapaneng. Windows e atisa ho kena tseleng. Ke leboha karabo ea hao e nakong! Happy Landings
Ka kopo Kena or Theha ak'haonte hore ba ikopanye le moqoqo.
Ok leboha karabo ea hau
Happy Lnadings
Erik - General Molaodi - Kamehla thabela ho u thusa
Ka kopo Kena or Theha ak'haonte hore ba ikopanye le moqoqo.
Forum Access
- Sa lumelloa: ho bopa sehlooho se secha.
- Sa lumelloa: ho araba.
- Sa lumelloa: ho eketsa attachements.
- Sa lumelloa: ho fetola molaetsa oa hao.


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Le ho hlasela ba hlometseng ka Canada Crypto Exchange
Ka labobeli, January 23, 2018, pota 11 'na, tharo masholu a hlometseng o ile a kenela Canada Bitcoins ofisi ka Ottawa le hlasela litho tse 'nè tsa phapanyetsano ya. Le amana le ho ba tšosa ka sethunya, batlōli ba molao ba a batla ho fetisetsa chelete ea phapanyetsano ya ho bona. The mohiruoa bohlano, ba ileng ba lula e hlokomelehe, bitsoa mapolesa, le masholu a balehile le letho.
E 'ngoe ea babelaelloa ba, ka 19 le lilemo li ho moahi ea Ottawa, ile a koalloa. O ne a qosoa ka hore tlatlapo le ho sebelisa ha lithunya le forcible tshegetsa le go tlotla. Mapolesa Ottawa batla barupeluoa ba tse ling tse peli ka tlōlo ea molao.
Khatiso ea Canada ea CBC News litlaleho tse hore masholu a batla chelete ka phapanyetsano crypto.
Sena ha se le tlhaselo ea pele ka lipane tsa Cryptocurrency. ka November, moahi ea New Jersey, Louis Metz, hlaseloa mong'a hasoa ka. Soka ka sethunya, a tlosa lehlatsipa ya fono le ya poraefete linotlolo selefouno, tseo a ileng a sebelisoa ho fumana sepache ditsitithale. Ka hoo, a utsuitseng ka $ 1.8 milione chelete crypto. Mofosi o tobane ho fihlela ho 25 lilemo a le chankaneng.
Mongoli: Sara Bauer

robotstxt: allowed

filter: keep


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Hlahloba A Vehicles mariki
Haeba u reka le a sebelisa koloi ho phaella ho ho etsa tse ling maro a hore re etsa tlhahiso ea hore hlahloba, u boetse u lokela ho hlahloba likoloi mariki. Mariki ka koloi le e mong ntho eo li etselitsoe ho ka tsa tsofala. It is the friction between the rotor and the pads that stop the […]
Hlahloba phetiso ea 'Me mokelikeli
Ea rōna fetileng poso re koahela crank ho le joalo enjene oli, kamoo ho hlahloba e le seo ho batla. Eno ka re tla koahela hlahloba phetiso mokelikeli le seo ho batla. Ka mor'a moo ho enjene oli, phetiso oli ke ka etsahala hore ebe e latelang bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa mokelikeli. It is vital for automatic transmissions to have the […]
Hlahloba Engine Oil Pele Reka A le Sebelisitsoe Car
Reka a sebelisa koloi e ka ba mosebetsi oa motonanahali. There are a few things that you can check yourself to ensure that you are getting a good vehicle and good quality. One of the most important things you need to check when buying a used vehicle is the engine crank case oil. In this post […]


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Mafahla Seoul sethaleng Mokhahlelo oa bobeli le "teko" le
From kopana le tsela e
mafahla Seoul fumana [3500-yen Free appraisal] oa sebele senohi, ha u leka ho khutlela ho e 'ngoe ea moea hape Bibele e re ho ba bonnete ba hore ho fetisa ka mekhahlelo e supileng. Ka ho ba sethaleng pele ho hlokomela mong le e tse ling tse, 'me dipatlisiso ka matla le kolamusa moeeng, empa nakong e fetileng nako li tla sethaleng a bitsoa "teko" ea Mokhahlelo oa bobeli.
enoa ho thoe o tla ba oa pele oa ho hlaha teko ka etsahalang ka mekhahlelo e supileng. Hang nakong e fetileng kutloisiso ea moea, sethaleng ho tobana le bothata bona ba sebele ke Mokhahlelo oa bobeli. The "teko", ha a ntse a tseba ka sena hore u khahliloe ke mong ho e mong ka matla mong ho e mong, ke hore ke nahane ka bothata ba sebele fanoeng e mong oa teko ea mokhoa oa ho tsoela pele ho ba sethaleng se tlang.
ho fihlela joale hobane ke batho ba babeli ba neng ba tlil'o phela bophelo bo fapaneng ka ho feletseng, u ke ke ua khona ho ba e mong e le habonolo esita le moea oa mphato ba. Ho fihlela joale ha ego hore e se e lengoa e mong ea bophelo ba, e tla e khothalletse batho dashes ho tlohela tsela eo a fumana ka ho ba sethaleng pele.
ka nako ea pele ea teko
? boiphihlelo le Mokhahlelo oa bobeli oa tsebo ke Kaowodasu
mafahla Seoul Twin Seoul e mong ea se ileng sa etsahalla lerato e behilweng, e kolamusa ea moea eo e ile nang le phihlelo ka sethaleng pele e lebetse E tla fumana. Sena ke, ho feta hore moea ha o bitsa e mong le tse ling tse, ka phihlelo le tsebo ba fumana seo e ba ne ba lula ho fihlela ho hona joale ke ho lula ho kgatello ya maikutlo.
? le hore e le hl?lehileng ho phethahala ka lerato hore ke bone
kileng a rata ho fumana ka imprinting ea ka tsela ea ena, ba mohlanka joale kang ea busang behilweng ka bobona ke phihlelo Xiang. Kahoo ho bua, ke sona seo a lula a nahanne ka ka tsela e joalo e imprinting ena. Boikutlo ba hore hohela e mong le tse ling tse ka matla mong ho e mong ka
ho ba sethaleng pele, le tla fela ka, u hopole imprinting ena. Ka nako eo, o ka nyatsa hore wa mokga a mang ka lebaka la imprinting le, hape Movement, tse kang kapa ba le mat?oenyeho a latsoa nakong e fetileng ea lerato qetella holding boikutlo ba poulelo le ho belaella hore e tla ba tsoe.
? ego ho hanyetsa khahlanong le eona e se e lengoa ka thata
boiphihlelo fetileng ego e sa reretsoe ho felisoa e le habonolo. E ngata haholo ho tlangoa ke ego, o ke ke ba khona ho fokotsa h?jana pakeng tsa moea oa mafahla. Ke sethaleng sena, ho ke ke ho ikutloa ka lekhetlo la pele bohloko ke t?obotsi e ka sehloohong ea ho ba sethaleng bobeli.
mafahla moea le e mong le e tse ling tse, e le hore na e ka hl?la teko ea hl?loang sethaleng ena ea bobeli e lahliloeng ka bokamoso ba senotlolo
ego hae, e bile le hangata ho bang thata. Ka lebaka lena, le lefahla le moea oa ho t?oenyeha le matla le mahlomola ka ho ba sethaleng latelang, 'me u tla ba atisa ho ba le karohano.
seoelo, ho t?oenyeha le mahlomola ho tlosa le teko ea Mokhahlelo oa bobeli, empa u ka 'na tsoela pele ho ba sethaleng sa ka e ntle ho hata karohano ea sethaleng, ho tla ba molemo ha ho lebella ho hongata haholo. Hore na kapa ha ho hl?la teko, ho tla etsoa ka 'na ho ba sethaleng se tlang.
Ho ka 'na tsoela pele ho ba sethaleng sa ka e ntle ho hata by, empa mohlomong ha baa lokela ho lebella ho hongata haholo. Hore na kapa ha ho hl?la teko, ho tla etsoa ka 'na ho ba sethaleng se tlang.
Ho ka 'na tsoela pele ho ba sethaleng sa ka e ntle ho hata by, empa mohlomong ha baa lokela ho lebella ho hongata haholo. Hore na kapa ha ho hl?la teko, ho tla etsoa ka 'na ho ba sethaleng se tlang.


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Tether khaotse ho hatisa USDT le se proven tšehelitsoe ya dollar US
Dingongoreho mabapi Tether le mesebetsi lona letsatsi le letsatsi pele ka lipelaelo ho hōla hore k'hamphani ha e le hantle tšoare ya dollar mehloli lekanang le palo ya Tethers (Ushdt) hona joale ho ajoa. lipelaelo tsena di le hlohlellelitse ke taba ea hore Tether e haholo e ile ea eketseha ka tjhelete e ya USDT ka ajoa ka likhoeli tsa morao tjena, bohle ntle ho phatlalatsa seo a se fumaneng ba thuno ya bona ho fetisisa morao tjena.
Ho latela @TetherPrinter, ka Twitter akhaonte ya hore a nehela ka boeona e ho Tracking tjhelete ya dithuso tether ntshitsweng ka Omni blockchain, $400 milione USD ba bohlokoa ba Tethers ntjha di ile a ntša ka feela a ho qetela 4 matsatsi.
Ho sa tsotellehe ho phatlalatsa ka December hore ba ne ba ka tshebetso ya ho sebetsa ka ho ya thuno ya ho leka-lekana lakane bona, khamphani e ntse se hatisitsoeng tlhahisoleseding efe kapa efe ka lichelete tsa bona le ka moo e bapisa ho USDT pontšo ho leka-lekana.
Canada e kholo ka ho fetisisa utility haeterojene Quebec loanela ho kopana le tlhokeho tloha basebetsi ba merafong cryptocurrency
Canada e utility kholo ka ho fetisisa, haeterojene Quebec, e hlahloba leqheka lona khoebo eneji, le ka mor'a hore a koaheloa ke metsi ka batloang ho tloha lefatše ditsitithale basebetsi ba merafong chelete ka potlako ho o profinseng oa ho rua molemo botsitso lipolotiki le litheko tlaase eneji, le.
Haeterojene Quebec ke ke ua ba le bokgoni ba tsa nako e telele ho ea kopana le tlhokeho tsohle hopotsweng, 'muelli oa k'hamphani o ile a re, mora merero ea utility e ka 'nang tsa meepo ho feta habeli ka beke ho 70.
Le ditebello tsa ea crackdown ka China, e mong oa mehloli ea lefatše ho ea kholo ka ho fetisisa tsa meepo cryptocurrency, ka lefapha la ho entse hore eneji, le e ngata Quebec e le sebaka sa motle lik'hamphani, le phethahatso lona ka sehloohong e hona joale fumana dipotso ka profil hae Linkedin.
"Re fumana e mengata e ditletlebong letsatsi ka leng. Tabeng ena e hlahisa re ka ho hlaka hlalosa leqheka rona,"O ile a re 'muelli haeterojene Quebec Marc-Antoine Pouliot ke fono.
Blockchain News 20 January 2018
Ntlha ya lebaka la Natalya Kaspersky: Bitcoin ke Project ea US Intelligence


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Mafahla Seoul sethaleng sethaleng pele le "ho amohela (sebokeng se seng)" ke
Mafahla Seoul e mong oa moea oa ka tsela ea sebele
bophelo fetileng ho fumana [3500-yen Free appraisal] ho linohe e arotsoe tse peli, e 'nile ea le Dell ho ithuta ea leeto e le hore ho ntlafatsa e mong. Mafahla Seoul empa e bile hore hangata arotsoe ka banna ba babeli ba le basali, ho lebaka ho boleloa hore ba haholo-holo hore ba ithute ka lerato la banna le basali.
mafahla Seoul, kapa ba ne ba sa phela mehleng e t?oanang hangata, ya haholo ho na le bulehileng, tse kang tikoloho le lilemo, kopana, empa kgonego e ntle tlaase bakeng sa ho, hore kopana e le ka seoelo phetlelang sefuba lefat?eng lena E uena. Ho kopana
mafahla moea, moea ka mekhahlelo tse supileng kamehla ke taolo ea bokahohle e leka ho ba e mong. Ha moea oa mafahla e ba ile ba kopana, moea ke ha fihlela qetellong ho tsoaloa hangata e le e mong, re lokela ho etsa liphetoho tse ka mor'a nako e telele ea nako e le sethala ho khutlela pele boemo ngoe.
ke bohato ba pele ba ho ba sethaleng "ho amohela (sebokeng se seng)" e se e ba atisa ho re ho tla ba bona ba latsoa kutloisiso ea moea.
mafahla Seoul 'me o ile a kopana
? moea ke matla dipatlisiso ho latsoa le boikutlo bo matla ha, ha ke kopana le
moea mafahla ho hopola thabo eo, le tseba hantle ho ba teng ha sona, leha ho le joalo sebokeng sa pele. Ha re ne re kopana, ho eo e atisa ho hlaseloa ke nostalgia, tse kang ho na le mohla ile a kopana le pele, boikutlo ba hore ke le matla haholo le kutloisiso ea ho ena le lintho tse kang tsela e itseng. Ho fihlela joale e sa kopana le halofo ea 'mele ha e bile le thabo ea ho ho bonahala eka ke ne ke tla hlaha holim' eohle.
? ha ile a kopana
mafahla Seoul ho akarelletsa ho pota ho ea batla ka lehlakoreng le leng, ka lehlakoreng le leng a tla be a itse ho feta ha ke ne ke kopana le batho ba bang tshusumetso o balehela ho lona ka ho hlaka fapaneng. Ka sitoa ho laola hore moea o hohela e mong le tse ling tse matla ka lithahasello tsa bona, ka linako tse ling ho fellang ka Tsuppashi 'batla molekane, ea periphery ea batho le tikoloho ha bohato lona Ho na le boetse ho na le e lokela ho kenyelletsa. Ka
? falimehile moeeng boemo
ho ba sethaleng pele, oa e mong le tse ling tse e re falimehile moeeng naha. Moea oa ka e mong le e meng 'me ba tseba e mong le e tse ling tse, re eeng e mong le tse ling tse ho eketsa boemo ba moea. Ka hona, ho e hlaseloa ke tsela e itseng ho na le ho na ho joalo Aragai ka botsona.
sethaleng pele tsa mafahla Seoul bakutaka ke motsotso
mafahla Seoul hohela moea boemo ba ke motsotso ho hohela e mong le tse ling tse ka boemo ba moea oa ka n?'ane ho boemo ba le botho ba ea e mong le tse ling tse, ho beha mabaka le tse ling. motsotso ona, empa e boetse ke hore hangata batho le ponahalo ea lerato ka qala ho se bona, eseng feela ka mabaka a hore hobane ho na le li ratang talimela, sensuously 'me a phonyohe ka kelellong ea hae, ba lokela ho laoloa ke boikutlo ho ke ke.
ka mong ho e mong ho ela hloko phutholohile haholo hore boikutlo bo, o hopola nostalgia le thabo e ke keng ea hlalosoa ka kelello. E ka ba bopaki ba hore e mong le e tse ling tse ikutloa e mong le tse ling tse ka moea. Batho ba bang ba, e boetse e re ho thabela maikutlo a, tse kang bochaba leholimong. Haeba bothata boo u le ho tloha sebokeng sa pele hlaseloa ke boikutlo bo sa laoleheng e makatsang, mohlomong motho eo e leng moea oa mafahla.
Re ke, e ka ba bopaki ba hore e mong le e tse ling tse ikutloa e mong le tse ling tse ka moea. Batho ba bang ba, e boetse e re ho thabela maikutlo a, tse kang bochaba leholimong. Haeba bothata boo u le ho tloha sebokeng sa pele hlaseloa ke boikutlo bo sa laoleheng e makatsang, mohlomong motho eo e leng moea oa mafahla.
Re ke, e ka ba bopaki ba hore e mong le e tse ling tse ikutloa e mong le tse ling tse ka moea. Batho ba bang ba, e boetse e re ho thabela maikutlo a, tse kang bochaba leholimong. Haeba bothata boo u le ho tloha sebokeng sa pele hlaseloa ke boikutlo bo sa laoleheng e makatsang, mohlomong motho eo e leng moea oa mafahla.


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Terms And Boemo – Labobeli Match - 50% ts'oanang le ho fihlela ho £ 50
Terms And Boemo
- nyolloa mosebetsing ena e fumaneha feela ho lipane a utloahalang a akhaonte ea lilemo li 18 kapa ho feta.
- bonase ena e tla ba mafolofolo lona le pakeng tsa 2nd – 8go th February 2017 GMT.
- GMT ke lekanang le ACST -9.30hrs, -1hr ENA, PTZ + 8segelhose
- Feela phaello le Bohloko ba ho Shoeloa (P&L) mabapi le sekotjana lipapali tsa khetha, Superman, The Batman, Toka ea League le The Green Lantern pakeng tsa 00:00 & 23:59 (GMT) ka letsatsi la ho phahamiswa ba tla bala maleban mangolo bakeng sa Boost ea.
- Boost tla fuoa ho ea ka phaello letlooa (chelete ea sebele winnings) mabapi le beetsweng khetha. Ka ketsahalo eo letlooa ea hao P&L e iketselitseng eona bonyane ba £ 10 ka winnings, u tla amohela khothatso eo e balwa nakong 50% ea P oa hao feteletseng&L.
- E le hore ho kgethelwa bakeng sa Win Boost, libapali li tlameha ebe o ile a etsa peeletso bonyane ba £ 10 ka letsatsi la ho phahamiswa le wagered hodima Superman, The Batman, Toka ea League le The Green Lantern.
- Palo e kahodimodimo tjhelete yohle win matlafatsoa tjhelete e £ 50 ka lichelete ka potlako bonase.
- Standard bonase wagering ditlhoko tsa 30x bonase tjhelete etsa pele libonase kapa winnings leha e le efe capped ka hulwa.
- Ho palo e kahodimodimo ho sokoloha ha palo e tsoang ka lichelete ka potlako bonase tla capped nakong 4X bonase tjhelete fuoa. Bonus ka lichelete ka potlako sokolla ka tsela e iketsang o kile a wagering feletseng.
- Bonus ka lichelete ka potlako e sebelelitseng ho see
nyolloa mosebetsing, ka feela sebelisoa ho bapalle sekotjana lipapali tsa rona.
- Wagers hodima Blackjack le Roulette u se ke ua kenya letsoho phokotsong ea tlhokahalo ea wagering ea sekaleng bonase.
- A khaotsa ho tsuba ha matlotlo pele wagering ke ka ho feletseng e tla sekheo libonase tsohle le winnings leha e le efe ea tsena attributable ka tlaleho ea.
- Libonase ka nka ho fihlela ho 3 matsatsi a sebetsa ho tloha qetellong ea nyolloa mosebetsing oa ho ho tlotloa akhaonteng ya hao.
- Ka lekhetlo le leng tlotloa bonase ya hao ntse a utloahalang a hore 28 matsatsi. Ha u sa lokela ho tlatsa dipatlafalo tse wagering a nako ena, setseng ka lichelete ka potlako bonase tla tlosoa akhaonteng ya hao.
- Players hopotsoa hore bonase le 'ngoe feela e ka ba mafolofolo lona le ka nako leha e le efe e' ngoe, ka kōpo ee “akhaonte ea hau” karolo ho talima bonase ya hao eohle lethathameng le hlophisitsweng
- Management mehloli le tokelo ea ho hlakola, fedise kapa fetola tlhōlisano leha e le efe kapa ho phahamiswa (kapa melao ya lona) nako efe kapa efe a bile a sa tsebiso pele.
- General Lipallo le lipehelo a fihlele qeto eo apply.Management ke ho qetela maemong 'ohle.


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Ningbo GILLSEN elektronike CO., LIMITED ke litsebi moetsi oa thepa ka ntle, le khoebo khampani-Ningbo DAMISER TRADING tsa lona CO., LTD. Kaha e hahiloeng ka 2007, Gillsen e se go tlhoma tlhaloganyo mo ka nthsetsa, ho hlahisa, tsa mebaraka le tšebeletso ka mor'a thekiso ea thepa ka ntle. Khoebo e na le ho tsoma & tšoasa litlhapi thepa, lisebelisoa thunya, liahelo le thepa hloa, e le hape e le polokeho le ho pholoha e meng thepa.
Bakeng sa boleng bo molemo le tšebeletso ea ho latela thekiso eketseha, Gillsen invests tse makholo batho ba limilione ba mehaho e mecha ea ho etsa thepa, go gorosa tse ngata le litalenta ikhethang RD, tsamaiso le tsa mebaraka mafapha.


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Nakong ea lihlopha tse 'nè liithuti li tla ithuta likarolo, likaroloana le likarolo tse kholo tse lumellang mesebetsi ea AP-WEB; mokhoa oa ho tsamaisa maano, ho sebetsana le liketsahalo, ho ntlafatsa le ho laola le ho hlahloba bophelo ba tsamaiso ea AP-WEB. Baithuti ba tla hlaolela tsebo ea ho theha maano a marang-rang, tsamaiso ea liketsahalo, litlaleho, le mehaho ea tsamaiso le tlhokomelo.
Related
Lintho tse hlokahalang:
Tsebo e matla ea suite ea TCP / IP
Tsebo ea Motlakase ea Motlakase
Related
Nako ea Nako ea Tlhahlobo: Matsatsi a 2
Likenyelletso
Tlhaloso ea TRITON AP-WEB, Likarolo, le Melemo
TRITON AP-WEB Likarolo le Boqapi
Sample Deployments le Mekhoa e Molemohali
Motsamaisi oa TRITON
Ho laela mangolo
Tsamaiso ea Tsamaiso
Management User
Litlhahisoleseding
Reports
Bophelo ba Ts'ebetso le
Karabo ea Liketsahalo
Related
Re kopa o re ngolle info@itstechschool.com 'me re ikopanye le rona ka + 91-9870480053 bakeng sa tefo ea tefo le tekanyetso, kemiso le sebaka


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Verbum et Ecclesia
On-line version ISSN 2074-7705
Print version ISSN 1609-9982
Verbum Eccles. (Online) vol.36 n.1 Pretoria 2015
http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/ve.v36i1.1373
ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Faith and economics
Vuyani S. Vellem
Department of Dogmatics and Christian Ethics, Centre for Public Theology, University of Pretoria, South Africa
ISIFINYEZO
Paleng ya rona batho ba batsho, tumelo ya boKreste e fihlile lefatsheng la rona la Afrika Borwa mmoho le dikgoka tsa ditjhaba tsa boPhirima. BoKreste bo fihlile ka nako ya dintwa tseo mohopolo wa tsona e neng e le ho hapa lefatshe la, batho ba batsho. Ka mantswe amang, rona batho ba batsho, re ile ra qetella re le setjhaba se ileng sa hlolwa, mme lefatshe la rona la nkuwa ka dikgoka. Ka hare ho dikgoka tsena, ho ne ho dutse tumelo ya boKreste. Makgowa a ile are: 'A re kwaleng mahlo re rapeleng, rona ra kwala mahlo, mme ha re qeta hore Amen, re bula mahlo, ra fumana lefatshe le nkuwe matsohong a rona ho setse Bibele.' Re ile ra sala le Bibele eo ka yona re lekileng dilemong tse fitileng ho lwana ntwa ya topollo, kapa tokoloho hofihlela selemong sa 1994. Le ha re ile ra fumana tokoloho ka selemo seo, hare so ka re lokoloha ho tsa moruo. E kaba sena se bolela eng mabapi le tumelo ya rona ya boKreste? Segolweng sena re leka ho araba potso ena. Tumelo ke eng ho batho ba sa lokolohang moruong wa naha ya bona? Re lekola pale ya boKreste, tumelo ya batho le maemo a kereke ntlheng ya ho tadimana le tokoloho ka tumelo.
ABSTRACT
In our history from a black perspective, Christianity arrived through violent conquest from the west. Evidentially, this faith coincided with wars of dispossession and the ultimate defeat of black Africans. It is difficult to separate the violent defeat of black Africans from the arrival of Christian faith. This well-known statement within the circles of black Theology of liberation: When the white man arrived in our land he said, 'let us pray and after prayer, when we opened our eyes, our land was taken and only the Bible was left in our hands,' captures the black sentiment of this history. Ironically, it was this Bible that black Africans used to wage their struggle for liberation up to the demise of apartheid in 1994. Nonetheless, political liberation is not enough as the struggle for economic liberation continue in South Africa post 1994. In the light of this history, what then is the role of faith for a people politically liberated without economic liberation? This article examines this history from the perspective of black faith and its role for liberation.
Mantswe a Bohlokwa: Dikgoka, kereke, tumelo, tokoloho
Selelekela
Taba ya rona haholoholo e maloka le tsela eo re arohanyang tumelo le moruo ka yona. Re leka ho hlalosa hore ha se nnete thutong ya boKreste ho arohanya moruo le tumelo. Ke hore, le dipolotiki, kapa dikarolong tsohle tsa bophelo, ha se nnete ho arola tumelo le mafapha, kapa dikarolo tsa bophelo ba batho. Re qala ka ho lata pale ya ho fihla ha boKreste lefatsheng la rona la Afrika Borwa. Sepheo sa rona hase ho pheta ho ngola pale ena empa, ho leka to totobatsa tsela eo tumelo ya boKreste, ho fihleng ha yona, e sa kang ya arohana le moruo ka teng. Paleng ena, ho hlakile hore ho ile haba le mefuta e fapaneng ya dikereke metsong le tshimolonhong ya boKreste ha di fihla lefatsheng la rona. Kamora pale ena, re sheba ka bokgutswanyane, tumelo ya batho ba batsho mme ho latele kereke ya batho ba batsho mohloding wa tumelo ya bona. Dikarolo tsena tsa pele ke mohlodi oo ka ona re tadimang dilemo tsa tokoloho Afrika Borwa mabapi le seo kereke ka bophara e lokelang ho tadimana le sona tumelong ya batho ka bophara. Tjhe, ha jwale, moruo le tumelo e sa le qaka. Matla a rona re le badumedi, ho hlanaka taba ena, a mofuteng wa 'kereke ya lefatshe kaofela' e hlotsweng metsong ya tumelo ya batho ba batsho kapa batho ba hatellestweng.
Pale ya Batho ba Batsho le Tumelo ya Bokreste
Hare tadima ho fihla ha batho ba basweu Afrika Borwa, mme re qala ka ho hata ha Jan Van Riebeeck motseng wa Kapa, re lokela ho hopola hore sepheo sa bona ene e le sefe. Haholoholo, seo ba neng ba se labalabela e ne e le ho aha kou ho thusa dikepe tse neng di fetela lefatsheng la India leo ba neng ba hweba le lona. Ka mantswe a mang, sepheo ene e le kgwebo.1 Ka mora hore lefatshe la Holland le dumelle kopo ya Jan Van Riebeeck ya ho aha kou ena Kapa, diketsahalo tse latelang jwalo ka ho lema le ho hlahisa veine, di ile tsa eba ditla-morao tsa sepheo sa ho hweba ha bona le India.
Monahano wa hore e be baipei lefatsheng lena le ona o ile wa latela, mme ho hlongwa ha dikereke le hona ka tsela e jwalo. Re leka mona ho bopa setshwantsho sa ho fihla ha tumelo ya rona ka pale ya ho fihla ha batho ba basweu Afrika Borwa. Ho fihla ha batho ba neng ba dumela ho Jesu, ke ditla-morao sepheong sa ho ntshetsa pele kgwebo ya Makgowa le lefatshe la India, pele monahano wa ho jala tumelo o fihla. Mothating wa ho ipea le ho atisa bodulo ka ho lema morara, ho ile ha bonahala hore jwale ho hlokahala hore ho eketswe lenane la baipei Kapa. Dikepe tse neng di ba tlisa di ile tsa latela, mme jwalo ka ha bantse ba eketseha, hwa hlokahala hore ba fumane tsela ya ho anetsa tumelo ya bona. Diphutheho tsa pele Afrika Borwa, di ne di thusa ho fepa baipei ba Makgowa le malapa a bona moyeng.2
Potso ya bohlokwa e lateleng ke hore jwale, balemi ke bo mang? Efela ba ahi ba Afrika Borwa, baKhoisan, ba ile ba etswa basebetsi badipolasi tsa morara, le tsa veine. Ha nako e ntse e tsamaya, ho ile ha bonahala hore ho hlokahala basebetsi babangata ho kotula morara le ho ritela veine. Ho ile ha fihla sekepe seneng se jere makgoba ho tswa mafatsheng a tshwanang le Malaysia, ha re etsa mohlala. Pale ena e ya tsejwa, sa bohlokwa ke hore re tlameha ho hopola hore kannete, bothata bo qadile mona. Baipei ba ile ba nka lefatshe ka dikgoka le dikgomo kapa moruo wa batho ba batsho- dintho tsohle tsa badudi- qetellong batho ba batsho ba ile ba sebediswa jwalo ka makgoba mofuteng o fapaneng wa kgwebo ya boPhirima.
Tumelo ya boKreste, e fihlile pele motseng wa Kapa ka sepheo sa ho fepa moya wa baipei naheng ya rona. Setshwantsho seo re ka se sebedisang mona ke hore kereke ya pele, kapa mofuta wa kereke eo re buang ka yona ha jwale, ke kereke ya baipei. Ha re tswela pele re kare, ke tumelo ya baipei. Ka seNyesemane re kare Settler Christain faith, or Settler Church. Ho phatlalatsa tumelo ya boKreste, e ile ya eba mosebetsi wa di-Missionary. Bothata ke hore di-Missionary ka ho phatlalatsa tumelo di fetotse tumelo tsa e koponya le sepheo sa kgwebo mme ka tsela ena, tumelo e hasitswe jwaloka haeka batho ba batsho e ne e le 'mobu' o nonneng, wa ho hasa tumelo e neng e tswakile sepheo sa moruo le ho hapa lefatshe. Hona ho bolela hore ho ile haba le mofuta o mong wa kereke- kereke ya ho phatlalatsa evangedi bathong ba batsho. Mofuta ona he ke wa dikereke tse hlotsweng ke di-Missionary (Missionary Initiated Churches). Mofuta ona, o ile wa tswaka tumelo le kgwebo, haholo-holo e le ho sebedisa tumelo e ntjha lefatsehng la rona -boKreste-ho bebofatsa tsela ya ho fumana basebetsi mapolasing a baipei a veine le ho hapa lefatshe.
Ke rata hore pele re fetela pele, re ke re hlakise taba ya bohlokwa haholo. Kereke ya baipei, e ne e thusa baipei moyeng hore sepheo sa kgwebo ya bona se tswelle pele. Kereke ya di-Missionary yona? Kopano mahareng a mefuta ena e mmedi ya dikereke ke eng? Mefuta ena: 'kereke ya baipei' le 'kereke ya di-Missionary,' mohlomong e utlwahala hantle hare re tumelo ya boipei le tumelo ya phatlalatso ya boKreste, ke eng? Tumelo ya boipei le tumelo ya di-Missionary? Ha eba hona le kopano mahareng a tumelo le moruo, mofuta wa kereke ya baipei, ka ho totobala, ke kereke e nang le maqhama le moruo. Re tlameha ho dumela hobane ena ke nnete ya pale ya rona ya ho fihla ha tumelo ya boKreste naheng ya rona. Ka tsela e tshwanang, re kare, ena ya di-Missionary, le yona e fihlile ya phatlalatsa tumelo ka setso, meetlo, mekgwa le puo tse fapaneng le setso, meetlo, mekgwa le puo ya batho ba batsho. Re lokela ho bea taba ena hantle.
Mothating wa hona jwale, taba ya bohlokwa ke phapano mefuteng ena ya dikereke tseo re ngolang ka tsona, pale ya tsona e tebileng, ke taba e fapaneng. Mohlomong ho a hlokahala hore re re, ho na le ditla-morao tse lokileng le tsa sa lokang paleng ya rona ka baka la mefuta ena e fapaneng ya dikereke. Hopola mohlodi wa rona motsotsong ona. Ha e le ha jwale, seo re buang ka sona ke hore, mefuta ena ya dikereke, e hlalosa maqhaama a tumelo le tsela eo kereke e hlotsweng ka yona Afrika Borwa. Ha re shebisisa tsela eo tumelo ya boKreste e hasitsweng, ya phatlalatswa ka yona, re fumana hore di-Missionary di ile tsa sebedisa boKreste ho hapa naha le ho hatella badudi ba naha ena ho fihlela nakong tsa mmuso wa Kgethollo (apartheid).
Taba ke ena: pele ho fihla mmuso wa Kgethollo, hone ho se hona le dikereke tseo tumelo ya tsona eneng e sena boikemisetso ba ho ntshetsa pele bophelo ba batho ba batsho. Dikereke tsa baipei, di ile tsa kgetholla batho batsho. Mohlodi wa tumelo ele kgwebo. Dikereke tsa di-Missionary tsona di ile tsa phatlalatsa tumelo ya boKreste ka ho ikopantsha le mebuso eo e neng e shebile ho hapa lefatshe. Ka mantswe amang di-Missionary, di ile tsa bebofatsa ntwa ena pakeng tsa batho ba batsho le dinaha tsa bophirima ka tumelo, sepheo sa tsona e le kgwebo le ho hapa lefatshe. Pele ho fumanwa taemane le gauda, ho ne ho se ho na le thuto ya boKreste eneng e bistwa 'Evangedi ya Mosebetsi', Gospel of work. Charles Villa-Vicencio o hlalosa thuto ena bukeng ya hae (1989). Thuto ena, e bitswang 'Evangedi ya Mosebetsi' e ne e le thuto ya boKreste, sepheo sa yona ele ho sebedisa boKreste, ho sokolla batho ba naha ya rona hore ba amohele bo Kreste mme ka tsela eo ebe basebeletsi ba ditjahaba tse neng di ikgapela lefatshe la rona.3 Mefuta ena e mebedi ya dikereke, e ne e sa natse ditlhoko tsa batho ba batsho. Tumelo e nang le maqhama a kgwebo, le tumelo e nang le maqhama a ho sokolla le ho bolaya setso, mekgwa le meetlo ya bophelo le dipuo tsa batho ba batsho, ke mefuta ya tumelo ya matlokotsi lefatsheng lena; qaka kannete matsatsing a ho phela ha rona. Mefuta ena ya dikereke, re ka e tshwantsha le lesaka. Lesakeng la tumelo ya baipei ke kgwebo, ha lesakeng la tumelo ya phatlalatso ya boKreste, e le ho ptjhatla tswelopele ya batho ba batsho.
Ho ile ha ba le mofuta wa boraro! Batho ba naha ena, ba ahi, ka ho bona hore ha bana tulo dikerekeng tsena tse pedi tseo re dihlalositseng ho fihla ha jwale, ba ile ba tswa ho qala mofuta wa kereke o atametseng ho ditlhoko tsa bona. Paleng ya dikereke tsa Afrika Borwa, ona ke mofuta o bitswang Topia, (the Ethiopian Movement), Dipostola kapa dikereke tsena tsa Sione.4 Ho tswa ha batho ba batsho dikerekeng tsena re kare ebile maqhubu a ileng a phatlalla naha ka bophara. Ho bonahala hore kgethollo ka mmala, ho shebela fatshe ha setso sa batho ba batsho, dintwa tse neng di hapa le fatshe, tumelo e kgethollang, ebile a mang a mabaka a ileng a etsa hore batho ba batsho ba amohele tumelo ya boKreste empa kantle ho mefuta ela e mebedi eo re buileng ka yona. Qaka mabapi le tumelo yaBokreste bathong ba batsho e qadile mona. Batho ba batsho ha baka ba qhala tumelo ena kaofela ba e kwalla kantle ho lesaka la bona. Ba ile ba e amohela le ha ba sa ka ba amohela thuto ya tumelo e hapang lefatshe la bona, le e hatellang kelello ya motho.
Pale ka tumelo ya rona le ho tla ha kereke lefatsheng lena e tebile. Maikutlo a Dirk Smit (2007:61-72) mabapi le hore kereke ke eng, a bohlokwa haholo. Lentswe lena 'kereke', le bolela dintho tse ngata matsatsing a ho phela ha rona. Ho batho ba bang kereke ke 'phutheho'. Phutheho haholoholo ke moo batho ba rapelang mmoho teng. Ka manstwe a mang, mofuta wa tshebeletso phuthehong ka nngwe, o hlalosa ka moo batho babang ba utlwisisang 'kereke'. Tsela e nngwe ke eo dikereke tse fapaneng jwalo ka kereke ya Wesele, kereke ya Roma, jwalo-jwalo di bitswang ka teng. Ho latele lefapha kapa mafapha a dikereke jwalo ka South African Council of Churches (SACC), mofuta oo re ka reng ke 'kereke ya kakaretso'. Smit o thusa ho hlalosa mefuta ena e meraro eo re buileng ka yona. Diphuthehong, dikerekeng tse tshwanang le Wesele, Roma, Lutere, jwalo-jwalo, mafapheng a fapaneng a dikereke, kerekeng ya kakaretso, mefuta ena e meraro eo re buileng kayona e bonahala mofuteng wa tumelo e rutwang le ho haswa ke mefuta e hlaloswang ke Dirk Smit. Ka mantswe a mang, ha re eso ka re lahleha ho ya ka moo re hlalositseng pale ya rona ho fihla ha jwale. Maqalong; kgwebo, kgatello ya setshaba e le ha ho hlokwa basebetsi bao ho neng ho le bonolo feela hoba hapa le hoba etsa makgoba, e bile mosebetsi of moholo wa kereke.
John de Gruchy (2014) le yena o a re thusa ha re sheba tsela eo a hlalosang mokgwa oo dikereke di ipatlang ka ona. Boitsibi ba dikereke kamora dilemo tsa kgatello ke qaka empa, le yena ke nahana hore a keke a hana tlhaloso ya rona ya mefuta ena e meraro ya kereke, haholoholo tumelo e tsamaisanang le mofuta ka mong ho tswa paleng ya ho fihla ha boKreste Afrika Borwa.
Yena o dihlalosa ka mantswe ana: ya baipei, ya bahapi, ya di-Missionary, ya merabe kaofela, le ya lefatshe kaofela (De Gruchy 2014:17).5 Tsela e phatlalletseng eo a hlalosang mefuta ya dikereke ka ho fapana ha tsona le yona e ya thusa. Jwalo ka ha re se re hlalositse, ha hona bothata tseleng tsena tseo kereke e hlaloswang ka tsona. Mohlodi wa taba ke hore ho tsona kaofela, metso ya mefuta ela e meraro, baipei, di-Missionary le ya batho, le metso ya tumelo e hasitsweng lefatsheng la rona, e teng ho mefuta ena kaofela- mefuta ya Smit le De Gruchy, le tsela eo ba hlalosang lentswe lena: 'kereke'.
Ho bohlokwa hore re shebe taba ena ka bophara ba yona, hore botebo ba lenstwe lena, 'kereke' le tumelo e tsamaisanang le mofuta ka mong wa yona re e utlwisise hantle. Paleng ena ya ho tla ha boKreste Afrika Borwa, re etsa phapano mabapi le mefuta e meraro ya kereke, mme le botebo ba phapano mabapi le tumelo e tsamaisanang le mofuta ka mong. Lesaka la mofuta ka mong le kentse dikahare tsa tumelo le ho fapana ha yona le tseding tumelong ya boKreste ka bophara ba yona. Jwale, lesakeng la batho ba batsho re ka bona eng?
Tumelo ya Batho ba Batsho
Jwalo ka ha re bona ho fihlela jwale, batho ba batsho ba ile ba bona hore ba bope tsa bona dikereke. Ka bokgutshwanyane, kereke tse hlotsweng ke batho ba batsho di ne di nka karolo ka tsela tse fapaneng ho lwanela tokoloho le topollo ya batho ka tumelo. Ka selemo sa 1912, ha ho ne ho thehwa African National Congress (ANC) Mangaung, dilemong tseo, mokgatlo ona o ne o bitswa South African Native Convetion (SANC), baetapele ba bangata e ne e le baetellipele ba dikereke.6 Ke kamora hore mane Sharpeville, ho bolawe batho ka sehloho bongodi ba tumelo ya batho batsho bo ileng ba teba haholo. Re tshwanetse hape ho hopola hore dilemong tsa 1960-1968, dikereke tsena: Wesele, Congregational, Prebyterian, Tjhatjhe, di ile tsa qala sekolo sa ho kwetlisa baruti Alice, se neng se bitstwa Federal Theological Seminary (Fedsem). Pale ya sekolo sena ka botebo e bontsha hore tumelo le kgatello ya batho e ile ya eba sesosa sa ho thehwa ha sona (Denis & Duncan 2011). Athe ka 1968, Lefapha la dikereke la Afrika Borwa (South African Council Churches) (SACC), le ile la thehwa e le ha ho ne ho fetolwa lefapha la di-Missionary ka baka la diketsahalo tsa Sharpeville, maemo a batho ba batsho lefatsheng la bona, le bokgopo ba kgethollo. Ho ngolwa-bongodi ka botebo ba tumelo ya batho batsho bo hlahile hantle dilemong tsena. E ne e le dilemo tsa 'Black Consciousness', (Mohopolo/kelello ya botsho: e toboketsang ho itseba, ho ipatlisisa, eo e bileng karolo ya bongodi ba thuto ka tumelo ya batho ba batsho).
E mong wa bangodi ba tumelo ya batho ba batsho, Allan Boesak, ore tumelo ena ke ya maemo ao batho ba batsho ba phelang ho ona (Boesak 1977:17). Ke thuto ya tumelo e halolosang evangedi ya Kreste ka maemo a batho ba hatelletsweng, batho ba batsho, batho ba senang letho. Tumelo ya batho ba batsho ha se tumelo e kgethollang empa ke tumelo e kgothatsang batho bao dikellelo, meya, le botho ba bona bo hatelletsweng ebile ho thwe ha bayo paleng ya botho lefatsheng kaofela. Ke thuto ya tumelo ya ho iphumana le ho ipatlisisa tumelong ya boKreste. Jwale ka ha re se re hlalositse, batho ba batsho ba ileng ba bolawa ka sehloho Sharpeville selemong sa 1960, le diketsahalo tsa ho tshwana le Cottelsoe, ho thehwa ha Fedsem le SACC, ho ile ha hlahisa bangodi ba hotshwana le bo Manas Buthelezi, Simon Gqhubule, Khoza Mgojo, Basil Moore, Bonganjalo Goba, Allan Boesak, Itumeleng Mosala, Takatso Mofokeng, Buti Tlhagale, Mokgethi Motlhabi, Tinyiko Maluleke le babang. Le bo mme ba ile ba qallela ho ngola; Roxanne Jordan, mme Mmadipoane Masenya, Ngwn'a Mphahlele le Puleng Lenka-Bula, le babang, ka morao ha dilemo tsa kgethollo. Banna bana le basadi bana, ba ile ba ngola, ba qala tlhaloso ya bodumedi boKresteng ka maemo a batho ba batsho. Ba seolla kgethollo, ba qhaqholla mafito ao tumelo ya boKreste a ileng a tlamellwa ke baipei le di-Missionary ka yona. Ntho e ba kopanyang kaofela ke hore, tumelo ya boKreste ekeke ya arohangwa le tokoloho ya batho. Efela dilemong tsena, le mafatsheng amang moo ho neng hona le kgatello, jwalo ka Amerika le Amerika e Borwa, ho ile ha hlaha bangodi ba tshwanang le James Cone wa America, Gustavo Gutierrez was Peru, ba ruta ntho e lenngwe; tumelo ekeke ya arohangwa le tokoloho ya batho! Tumelo ke kotsi ha e hatella merabe, e kgetholla, e bile e tarakanya dikello tsa batho. Tumelo e nyatsang seriti sa batho ke kotsi. Ke tsela yeo mofuta wa thuto ya tumelo ya boKreste oo re buang ka wona o hlalosang boKreste ka yona.
Metsong ena ya bongodi ba thuto ka tumelo ya tokoloho le maemo a batho ba batsho, James Cone ore kereke ya batho ba batsho e bitseditswe matleng le leratong la Modimo ho ba ntho e lenngwe le matsapa a tokoloho ya batho (Stone 2012:218). Kereke ya Kreste ha e na kgethollo ka mmala le maemo. Hantle, kereke, ke kereke ya batho ba hatelletsweng. Gustavo Gutierrez le yena ore, jwalo ka sakramente ya pholoso, kereke, ke kereke ha e na le maqhama a tokoloho ya bao ba hatelletwseng lefatsheng (Stone 2012:223). Motso wa tumelo ya batho ba batsho, ke mofuta wa boraro ho mefuta eo e ileng ya hlaha ha ho fihla boKreste naheng ya rona. Ke tumelo eo bongodi ba yona bo ileng ba hlaka dilemong tsa bo 1968. Ke tumelo eo mafatsheng amang, e ileng ya bitswa ka hore ke tumelo ya tokoloho. Ke tumelo e hlakisang le tokoloho ya basadi kgatellong ya bona ke dikgoka tsa banna. Mohlodi wa rona ke mofuta wa tumelo le mofuta wa kereke. Kereke ena ya batho ba batsho e na le thuto ka tumelo ya ho lokoloha ha batho kgatellong e tsamaiswang ka tumelo. Lesakeng la tumelo ya batho ba batsho, ke tokoloho ka tumelo.
Tumelo le moruo Afrika Borwa ka mora selemo sa 1994
Mefuteng ena ya dikereke eo re buileng ka yona ha jwale, mohlodi wa taba ke hore tokoloho ya batho batsho dipolotiking, ha se tokoloho e felletseng. Ka mantswe amang, mosebetsi le mohwanto wa tokoloho o sa tswela pele.
Ho dintho tse ngata tse ileng tsa fetoha ka mora selemo sa 1994, re sa lebale tse ntle haholo-holo ho fela ha kgatello ya batho ba batsho, empa tokoloho ya rona ho tsa moruo ha e soka e fumaneha. Le leng la mabaka ke hore kutlwano mabapi le tumelo le moruo e thata haholo. Metso ya kutlwano pakeng tsa tumelo le moruo kapa kgwebo re tlameha ho e lekola paleng ya ho fihla ha boKreste eo re lekileng ho ngola ka yona ho fihlela mona. Sena se etsa hore re botse potso e reng; ekaba kereke ka mora dilemo tse ngata tsa kgatello, e sebetsa jwang kamora tokoloho ya setjhaba ho lwanela tumelo tseo masakeng a tsona ho nang le mekgwa ya kgatello le bokgoba? Re tla lekola ka bophara le ka potlako mefuta ya melao ya moruo hofihlela ha jwale Afrika Borwa.
Molao ona o neng o bitswa Growth, Employment, and Redistribution (GEAR), o ile wa makatsa setjhaba kaha o ile wa phatlalatswa ka mora hore mokgatlo o busang, ANC o ithekise ka tokomane e neng e bitswa Reconstruction and Development (RDP) ka nako ya dikgetho tsa pele ka morao ho dipuisano tse tlisitseng apartheid mafelong. RDP e hlaloswa jwalo ka tokomane e neng e hatella tokoloho ya batho ho aba moruo ka toka le ho aha setjhaba se neng se hatelletswe ka ntle le qea-qeo. Tokomane ya RDP tjhebelo-pele ya yona ke ho lokisa tshenyeho e qadileng ha ho fihla batho babasweu bao dilemong tse ngata ba ileng ba phela bophelo bo monate ha batho ba batsho bona ba sokola ka ditlhoko tse tshwanang le matlo, mosebetsi, thuto, mafapha a bophelo le tseding. Kgethollo (apartheid), e ile ya etsa ka ho phethahetseng hore tsebo, moruo le matla di be matsohong a batho ba basweu feela. RDP maikemisetso a yona, e bile ho tobana hantle le ditholwana tsa kgatello ya batho mme ka bokgutshwanyane, setjhaba se ile sa e labalabela haholo.
Ka bomadimabe, puso ya ANC e soka e ya le hole, ho ile ha phatlalatswa molao wa GEAR. Mokgwa oo GEAR e ileng ya phatlalatswa ka wona le jwale o sihile batho ba ahlame! Mekgatlo ya ho hwanta ya basebetsi e lekile ho botsa dipotso e hlanaka taba ena, le kajeno taba ya moruo le melao ya oona e sa le qaka. Monghadi Nelson Mandela, o ile a jwetsa mekgatlo ena, le setjhaba hore GEAR ke molao wa mmuso wa ANC. Phapang mabapi le RDP le GEAR ke eng? GEAR ke molao wa moruo o tshepisang batho ditholwana tsa moruo ka ho hodisa moruo pele. Ka mantswe amang, setjhaba se lokela ho ema tsi, ho hodiswa moruo pele se ntse se le matlokotsing ha eba pale eo re qadileng ka yona re e latella hantle ho fihla mona. Sa bobedi, GEAR ke molao o ruisang barui hobane ka nako eo setjhaba se emetseng ho hola ha moruo, barui bona ba hodisa leruo la bona. Mabapi le GEAR, re ka fella mona, hobane mmuso o ile wa fetola molao ona jwalo ka ha ho buuwa ka New Growth Path (NGP).
NGP metsong ya yona, ha e na phapang haholo le GEAR. Vellem (2013b) o hlalosa tsela e tsamailweng ke mmuso ka melao ya moruo mme taba ya bohlokwa ke maikutlo a hae a reng haho ntho e ntjha e tlisistsweng ke NGP. Ka mora ho tloswa ha Monghadi Thabo Mbeki Polokwane, ha ho bonahale diphetoho tse tebileng mabapi le melao haholoholo ya moruo naheng ya rona. Monghadi Zuma o ile a ba a etela mafathse a hole jwalo ka Engelane le Amerika e le ha a tshepisa lefatshe hore phetoho ho melao ya moruo e keke ya ba teng. Manstwe ana ho tswa ho Vellem (2013b) a hlalosa sena tjena:
I read this policy framework not as a departure from GEAR, even though it is only the Accelerated and Shared Growth Initiative for South Africa (AsgiSA) that is mentioned in the quotation above. The pseudo-religious pedestal of neoliberal principles vividly remains. Faith in its crudest sense, in neoliberal economics must be repudiated. (p. 119)
Sena se hlalosa hore ha ho phapang mahareng a GEAR le NGP. Pele ho fihlwa ho NGP, ho kile ha ba le puo ka molao o mong o neng o bitswa Accelerated and Shared Initiative for South Africa (AsgiSA), oo le oona o neng o itshwanela le GEAR metsong ya ona. Mongodi ha se moithuti wa tsa moruo, empa taba ke ena: metsong ya GEAR, AsgiSA le NGP ke tumelo ea bohata ho moruo o hodiswang pele ha batho bona ba tlameile ho ema le ha e ba maemo a bona hase a thabisang. Ke moo mohlodi wa taba ya rona o tlamehileng ho dula teng. Tumelo ea bohata ho tsela eo moruo o laolwang ka yona! Ho fihlela dilemong tse mashome a mabedi, re ka re melao ya moruo, e hodisang moruo, ha e soka e thusa batho ba neng be hatelletswe kantle le batho ba mmalwa ba ileng ba ba le maqhama a puso ho fumana menyetla ya moruo. E mong wa bangodi ba tsa moruo Moeletsi Mbeki, o re puso ya ANC re tlameha ho utliwisisa ka ho hopola ka nako tsohle hore mokgatlo ona o busang, ha o na letho kantle ho matla a puso. Moruo, o matsohong a batho ba basweu.
Mohlomong ho bohlokwa hore re se fete mefuteng ena ya melao ya moruo pele re hlahloba ka bokgutshwanyane National Development Plan (NDP), eo ho buuwang ka yona matsatsing ana. Tokomane ya NDP, e tswela pele ka merero ya melao ena eo re seng re buile ka yona. E hlalosa hore naha ya rona e tlamehile ho ba lehae la rona kaofela, mme bofutsana bona, e be ntho ya maoba le maobane. Tokomaneng ya pele e bitswang Diagnostic Report, e ileng ya phatlalatswa ke ba komishinara ba NDP, e supa mathata a tshwanang le mosebetsi, thuto ya batho ba batsho, maemo a moruo le tse ding. Jwalo ka ditokomane tse ding tse tobaneng le moruo, le yona NDP, e tobile nthong e le ngwe: ekaba ho hola ha moruo qetellong o thusa jwang ho tlisa toka lefatsheng leo ba bang ba ileng ba hatellwa mme le tumelo ya boKreste e sebedisetswa kgatello ya bona ha ba bang bona ba ja monono? Ka nnete NDP le yona, metsong ya yona, haholo-holo ebile ha re lebella maikutlo a fapaneng ka tokomane ena, (Vellem 2014:8-9) e tshepisa batho ba sokolang dintho tse kekeng tsa fumaneha mohlomong e bile le ka mora dilemo tse setseng pele ho selemo sa 2030. Kannete, le yona NDP e tebisa maikutlo le tumelo ya batho ho mofuta wa moruo o tlamehang ho hola ha barui bona ba tswela pele ka maphelo a bona empa bafutsana ba dutse ba kganngwe le ke ho bolawa ke tlala.
Ho fihlela ha jwale re lebelletse melao le ditokomane tsa, GEAR, NGP le NDP. Seo re se hlahlobileng haholo ke metso ya melao ena. Metso ya tsona e ya tshwana hobane e tshepisa tokoloho ka ho hodiswa ha moruo wa naha. Dilemong tse mashome a mabedi jwale, se bonahalang ka ho totobala ke hore le ha moruo o hola, batho ba fumanehileng ha ba kotule letho. Se etsahalang ke hore maemo a batho ba fumanehileng a mabe ho feta dilemong tse fetileng ha barui bona ba dutse ba kotula moruong wa lefatshe leo ba le hapileng ka dikgoka. Taba ena hase ya Afrika Borwa feela. Ha re lebella tumelo ya Accra, ya World Communion of Reformed Churches (WCR), re sheba le tokomane ya World Council of Churches, AGAPE, mofuta ona wa moruo, ke taba ya tumelo jwale. Batho lefatsheng ba kgodiswa hore moruo ka sekgowa, capitalism, o hodiswang pele ho ka abelwana ka ona, ke 'evangeli' ya Jesu. Re tlameha ho hopola hore hodiuwa ha lerako la Berlin, ho wa ha Russia le mmuso wa apartheid, ke diketsahalo tse tobaneng le tsela ena ya moruo wa bo-kapitali. Emong wa bangodi ba tsa moruo, Loretta Napoleoni (2008), ore mothating wa ho fetoha ha dintho lefatsheng ha howa mebuso ya Russia le Afrika Borwa, le lerako la Berlin, bohlaswa ba tsa moruo bo ile ba totobala. O re tsela ya moruo wa kgodiso pele, mokgwa wa yona ke bohlaha ha re latela buka ya hae haholo-holo sehloho sa yona Rogue Economics.
Kereke dilemong tsena he e kae? Tumelong e fapaneng le mefuteng ya dikereke, ha ho so ka ho eba le mohwanto o matla hobane thuto ya boKreste e tswang bophirima e re ruta hore tsa semmuso le tsa moruo, di arohangwe. Kereke e tlameha ho sheba metso ya tumelo ya batho ba batsho.
Ho bohlokwa ho hopola hore ka bophara, dilemo tseo re fumaneng topollo ka tsona, ke nako eo moruo kapa kgwebo lefatsheng e etellestweng pele ke dimmaraka. Ketellopele ya dimmaraka e hatella le ho bolaya bophelo, hobane e laola setso, tumelo, tsebo, dipolotiki mme hodimo ha tsena, ebe e thuswe ka sesole le dikgoka ke mafatshe a nang le matla. Hopola hore phetoho ya lefatshe kamora howa ha lebota la Berlin, le ho fela ha matla ha Russia, e entse hore ho be le thuto ereng kgwebo lefatsheng etla etswa ka tsela e lenngwe feela. Ke ka hoo dimmaraka di fumaneng matla a tshabehang dilemong tsena moo ebileng le mebuso e bonahalang e sena matla ho laola matlo a hwebang a phatlalletseng ka lefatshe kaofela.7 Thuto e tlatsitsweng lefatsheng ke hore 'ha ho na tsela enngwe' ya kgwebo mme dinaha di qobellwa ho latela melao e etswang ke matlo a kgwebo le ho feta dinaha tse kopaneng (Lapavitsas 2014:10-13). Lefatshe le fetohile. Matla a tjheleteng, dimmaraka di hatelletse dikarolo tsohle tsa bophelo.
Ha re shebisisa kereke Afrika Borwa mothating ona, puo ya kereke; tsela eo dipolotiki di latelwang ka yona, mme ka tsela eo, melao ya moruo jwalo ka GEAR le NDP kaofela di bontsha hore qaka e kgolo e teng lefatsheng la rona (Vellem 2013b:113). Haholo-holo qaka ke tumelo. Kgwebo e jarwa ka tumelo mme ho latela tsela eo re shebileng mefuta ya dikereke, mohlomong ho nepahetse hore mofuta wa kereke eo tumelo ya yona e leng moruong e na le matla a maholo dilemong tsa rona tsa tokoloho.
Babang ba bangodi ebile, ba tshwanang le Allan Boesak, ba ana hore tsela ena ya dipolotiki Afrika Borwa, kabo yona ena le tumelo e sa lokang (Vellem 2013b:125). Moruo le tumelo, kapa kgwebo le tumelo dilemong tsena tseo re phelang ho tsona, ke qaka, ebile ke kodi-ya-ma-lla. Thutong ya tumelo ya batho, re tlamehile ho ema ka maoto hore re shebane le ntwa ena, ka tumelo.
Pheletso
Batho ba batsho re lokolohile ho busa naha ya rona. Re qakehile ho fumana tokoloho moruong wa naha. Pale ya ho fihla ha boKreste kajeno e phela tumelong ya rona. Lesaka la tumelo ha le so thubehe. Pale ena, e jerwe ke tumelo eo motso wa yona eleng kgwebo le kgatello. Ho utulla maqhama a tumelo le moruo, tumelo e metsong ya kereke ya batho ba batsho, ke tshepo e kgolo ka Kreste morena wa rona. A re jaleng metso ya tumelo ya rona ya boKreste botebong ba lesaka la tumelo ya tokoloho. Jwalo ka ha Evangedi ya Johanne 10:10 e re ruta, bophelo bo felletseng, ke thato eo Modimo, ka Kreste a e fang badumedi.
Summary
The main purpose of this article is to demonstrate that there is a relationship between faith and economics. The article does this by locating this relationship within the context of the conquest, colonisation and Christianisation of black African people. Proceeding from the famous statement: 'When the missionaries came, we African people had the land and they had the Bible. They said, "Let us pray," and when we opened our eyes after the prayer, they had the land and we had the Bible,' the article immerses itself within the tradition of black Theology of liberation. The relationship between faith and economics eludes many Christians, so by presenting a historiographical connection between faith and economics in South Africa, the point could be demontrated. There are three distinct models of Christianity and consequently three ecclesiological models in South Africa. These are the Settler, Missionary and African models of Christianity with their corresponding models of ecclesiology. The relationship of the Settler and Missionary models of Christianity and ecclesiology with economics is one major point that is argued. The African response to this reality, manifest in the Ethiopian Movement and the African Independent Churches, which later found expression in the development of black Theology of liberation, provides a picture of faith that in its very beginnings could not overlook the question of economics and thus economic liberation. In South Africa post 1994, in the development of economic policies after the demise of apartheid, the error of the church and in particular black Theology of liberation is to imagine liberation without economic liberation. Following this logic, the propulsion of economic policies that have shaped the public landscape in South Africa post 1994, cannot be viewed as unrelated to the faith assumptions related to the models of Christianity in this land. IEconomics does harness faith ostensibly in a positive or negative way. The example of Accra and Agape are offered to make this point. Overall, socio-political praxis is faith as shown in the history of Christianity in South Africa, and ipso facto, faith is a central question in economics.
Tlaleho
Mesebetsi e amanang Leona
Baqapi ba phatlalatsa hore ha ba na a lichelete kapa a botho kamano eo ka 'na eaba tsela e fosahetseng susumetsoa ba ka ho ngola sehloohong sena.
Ditshupiso
Anderson, A., 2000, Zion and Pentecost: The spirituality and experience of Pentecostal and Zionist/Apostolic Churches in South Africa, Unisa Press, Pretoria. [ Links ]
Boesak, A., 1977, Farewell to Innocence, A Social-Ethical Study of Black Theology and Black Power, Raven, Johannesburg. [ Links ]
Cochrane, JR., 1987, Servants of power: The role of the English speaking churches in South Africa, 1903-1930, Raven, Johannesburg. [ Links ]
De Gruchy, J.W., 2014, 'The quest for identity in the so-called "mainline" churches in South Africa', in E.M. Conradie & J. Klaasen (eds.), The quest for identity: In so-called mainline churches in South Africa, EFSA Series, pp. 15-31, Sun Press, Stellenbosch. [ Links ]
De Gruchy, J., 2005, The church struggle in South Africa, Minneapolis, Fortress. [ Links ]
Denis, P. & Duncan, G., 2011, The Native School that Caused all Trouble: A Hisotry of the Federal Theological Seminary of Southern Africa, Cluster Publications, Pitermarizburg. [ Links ]
Duncan, GA., 2003, Lovedale: Coercive agency, Cluster, Pietermaritzburg. [ Links ]
Hinchliff, P., 1968, The Church in South Africa, SPCK, London. [ Links ]
Lapavitsas, C., 2014, State and finance in financialised capitalism, Centre for Labour and Social Studies, London. [ Links ]
Maluleke, T., 1997, 'Half a century of African theologies', Journal of Theology for Southern Africa 99, 4-23. [ Links ]
Napoleoni, L., 2008, Rogue economics: Capitalism's new reakity, Seven Stories Press, New York. [ Links ]
Saayman, W., 2008, Being missionary, being human: An overview of Dutch reformed mission, Cluster Publications, Pietermaritzburg. [ Links ]
Smit, D., 2007, 'On the impact of the church in South Africa after the collapse of the apartheid regime', in Conradie, E. (ed.), Essays in public theology, pp. 57-74, Sun Media, Stellenbosch. [ Links ]
Stone, BP., 2012, A reader in ecclesiology, Ashgate Publishing Limited, Surrey. [ Links ]
Terreblannchce, S., 2012, Lost in transformation, KMM, Sandton. [ Links ]
Vellem, V., 2013a, 'The native experiment: The formation of the Bantu Presbyterian church and the defects of faith transplanted on the African soil', Missionalia 41(2), 146-162. http://dx.doi.org/10.7832/41-2-11 [ Links ]
Vellem, V., 2013b, 'A critical black analysis of the Church's role in post-Apartheid struggle for socio-economic justice', Studia Historiae Ecclesiaticae December XXXIX(2), 113-130. [ Links ]
Vellem, V., 2014, 'Modern slavery: A critical reading of the NDP and its promise for employment', Koers-Bulletin for Christian Scholarship 79(2), Art. #2163, 8 pages. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/koers.v79i2.2163 [ Links ]
Villa-Vicencio, C., 1989, Trapped in Apartheid, David Philip, Cape Town. [ Links ]
Walshe, P., 1995, Prophetic Christianity and the liberation movement in South Africa. Cluster, Pietermaritzburg. [ Links ]
Correspondence:
Vuyani Vellem
Private Bag X 20, Hatfiled 0028
South Africa
vuyani.vellem@up.ac.za
Received: 30 July 2014
Accepted: 04 May 2015
Published: 08 Oct. 2015
1 Tadima dibuka tsena tse latelang ho ikgopotsa pale ena: De Gruchy (2005); Hinchliff (1968); Cochrane (1987); Le Saayman (2008).
2 Mohlala ke phutheho ya pele ya kereke e neng e bitswa Presbyterian Church in South Africa. Phutheo ya bona ya pele Kapa, e ileng ya thehwa ka selemo sa 1827, ene e ele ya batho bao e eneng e le masole aManyesemane.
3 Ha o bala buka ena, Duncan (2003) o fumana botebo ba pale ena. Mongodi wa yona o totobatsa mekgwa eo dimishinari di ileng tsa hatella dikellello tsa batho di sebedisa tumelo ya boKriste. Sheba hape bangodi bana: Maluleke (1997); le Vellem (2013a).
4 Pale ena e fumaneha dibukeng tse ngata tse ngotsweng. Sheba, Anderson (2000).
5 Ka Senyesemane: Settler, Colonial, Missionary, Multiracial and Ecumenical, ka ho latellana ha tsona.
6 Peter Walshe (1995) o ngotse pale entle ka taba ena.
7 Mona re leka ho bebofatsa taba e fumaneng dibukeng le mangolong a mangata jwalo ka Accra Confession le AGAPE ya WCC. Ho se ho na le dibuka tse ngotsweng mme ena, ke engwe ya tsona: Terreblanche (2012).


text:
1.3 Sepheo sa Kharikhulamo ya Afrika Borwa ka kakaretso ithuta le ho ruta dikolong tsa Afrika Borwa, mme se fupere tse latelang: (i). Ditatemente tsa bohle ka sekolong, kapa mekgatlo e tshehetsang e nang le seabo e sebetsane le tsona. le ho qapodisa dibopeho tsa tema (thutapuo/kerama, matshwao.ba sebete ho tsona ka matsatsi a fapaneng, o batla a fokodisa tema ya hae.] [50] Moqoqo ona ha o nke lehlakore, mme sepheo sa wona ke ho nehelana ka Abela mohlahlobuwa matshwao bakeng sa tshebediso ya puo ho fella kgatong ya itseng mme a be a hlahise mohopolo wa hae mabapi le ntlhakemo.thuto e mabapi le kalafo bohle re ka ba le seabo se mafolofolo tsa baktheria, ditataiso tsa World Health Organisation (WHO) di re ngaka e ka hlahloba motho ya nang le extra-pulmonary TB ka ho ya matshwao a hae e le hore ba tle a qale ka kalafo ho fihlela diteko tsa sehlopha sa baktheria ya TB le ha tsona.Bona hore na batswadi le batho ba bang ba ka thusa bana ba bona jwang. Matshwao a mang a ka akarelletsa maikutlo a ho nyahama, a ho fellwa ke tshepo, a ho hlora le ho ikutlwa o se wa bohlokwa. ka yona, dintho tseo re kopaneng le tsona bophelong le hore re entswe ka tsela efe, Mabapi le Dipaki Tsa Jehova.go tlamela bathati ka tshedimosetso ka botlalo mabapi le dikgono tsa morutwana. Tlhaeletsana ka nonofo ba dirisa dikgono tsa pono, matshwao kgotsa dikgono tsa Ditirwana tse di totileng medumo ya ditlhaka: kopanya medumo e: tl/-/o/-ga/ o na le ditšhono di le dintsi tse a ka dirisanang le barutwana ka tsona.
Ke 'nete binary khethang ho tsona »


text:
$49.60 $62.00 U boloka 20% ($12.40)
E fumanoa ka boholo bo lekaneng ho 5xl, sefate sena se fetisisang haholo ke mokhoa oa ho qetela oa mokhoa oa boipheliso le oa matšeliso o kopantsoeng. Mabokose a malelele le mahlahahlaha a hlephileng a tla u boloka u khahleha ha u ntse u feta letsatsi la hau. Mabokose a betwing le mebala e macha le e tšoeu e tla babatsa boholo ba lihlopha tsa hau tsa motheo le lisebelisoa. E fapane haholo, u ka e bapala le li-jean tseo u li ratang, lieta, mekotla le lieta.
songolo:
Style: ho itlosa bolutu ka
Silhouette: E lokolohile
lintho tse bonahalang:Synthetic Fabric
Bolele ba Letsoho: Full
Neckline: O-Neck
Sleeve Style: Sesepa sa Batwing
Moea o motle: Natural
Ka mosa u bapise litekanyo tsa hau le tekanyo ea boholo ka tlaase pele u reka:
Ho fana ka mahala hohle lefatšeng ka litaelo tsohle. Ha ho na bonyane bo hlokahalang.
Re nolofalletsa bareki ba rona ka matsatsi a 30 a Khutlela kapa a Nchafatsoa Warranty. E u nolofalletsa ho reka lintho ka boikutlo ba ho se tsotelle 'me u na le phihlelo e hlollang ea mabenkeleng ho Buddhatrends.
Ho khutlisetsa, ho khutla le ho khutlisetsa chelete:
Sehlopha sa rona sa ts'ehetso se lula se loketse ho thusa bareki. U hloka feela ho sebelisa leqephe la "Iteanye le rona" bakeng sa lipotso leha e le life, mme re tla thabela ho u thusa ho rarolla mathata a hau.


text:
Tngem, e crypto hardware sepache khampani e qalile motsamaisi rekisa Bitcoin lona banknotes ho Singapore maraka.
Tangem ikemiseditse ho etsa ditransekshene 'meleng sebelisa cryptocurrency ba tloaetse ho noob bareki, le rerile ho hlahisa batho ba limilione lintlha le ho ea qetellong ea selemo.
ka Singapore, e leng naha e eo le melao ea tsamaiso ba ntšehelitse haholo ea ba cryptocurrency le theknoloji blockchain, lintlha e tla fumaneha bakeng sa theko lekaleng Suntec City le ea li entseng lebenkeleng ketane Megafash.
The Notes, eo e tla tla hore malumeli ya 0.01 le 0.05 BTC ($92 le $463 ho latellana), ha e le hantle banknote-joaloka hardware chelete.


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text:
$53.40 $89.00 U boloka 40% ($35.60)
Show your true colors in this navy blue floral embroidered maxi dress. Featuring gorgeous embroidered floral designs, 3/4 sleeves and a loose fit for your everyday comfort.
songolo:
lintho tse bonahalang: Cotton le Linen
Mokhabiso: Ho khabisa masela
Neckline: V-Neck
Silhouette: Line
Tlhahlobo ea Mohlala: Print
Moea o motle: Natural
Mona ke litekanyo tsa hau ea hau:
Boholo ba mahala: Boima: 110cm Bust: 102cm
Ho fana ka mahala hohle lefatšeng ka litaelo tsohle. Ha ho na bonyane bo hlokahalang.
Re nolofalletsa bareki ba rona ka matsatsi a 30 a Khutlela kapa a Nchafatsoa Warranty. E u nolofalletsa ho reka lintho ka boikutlo ba ho se tsotelle 'me u na le phihlelo e hlollang ea mabenkeleng ho Buddhatrends.
Ho khutlisetsa, ho khutla le ho khutlisetsa chelete:
Sehlopha sa rona sa ts'ehetso se lula se loketse ho thusa bareki. U hloka feela ho sebelisa leqephe la "Iteanye le rona" bakeng sa lipotso leha e le life, mme re tla thabela ho u thusa ho rarolla mathata a hau.


text:
Setsi sa Boema-fofane sa Basel se fetisetsa ka litefiso tsa theko e tlaase ho / ho tloha EuroAirport
Litheko tse theko e tlaase bakeng sa Basel Airport li fetisetsa ho tloha ho EuroAirport Basel. Ha ho na taba ea hore u itokisetsa feela kapa sehlopha ho batho ba 7, re u nka kae kapa kae moo u batlang 'me u u tlisetsa ka potlako le ho bolokehile boema-fofane ba Basel. Setsi sa lifofane sa Basel se tiisitsoe joalo, re tla se hlahloba 'me re tla kopana le uena holong ea ho fihla. Iteanye le rona hona joale, ha ho hlokahale ho lefa esale pele, ho sa ngolisoe ho ngolisoa, ha ho na karete ea mokitlane e hlokahalang. Ngola hona joale 'me u lefe ka mor'a tšebeletso.
kontakt@transferservice-basel.ch


text:
Matshohlo a mona le mane!
Iphumanele matshohlo a amanang le Basotho le mekgwa ya bona ya ho phela.
03/02/2012
Molawana wa Dipuo
Basotho, ho teng molawana o motjha wa dipuo o phatlaladitsweng ke mmuso wa Aforika Borwa. Ke kgothaletsa Basotho ho o bala mme ba be le seabo ho tjhorisweng ha ona. More
03/02/2012
Leeto ya ho ya Lesotho
Ke maikemisetso a ka ho rera leeto la Basotho ba kwano Aforika Borwa ho ya mose ho mohokare ka Lesotho. Sepheo sa leeto lena ke ho tsebisa Basotho Lesotho, ho feta mona ke ho ba le dithuto tse itseng nakong... More
03/02/2012
Puisano ya Basotho
Ho latela ho thehwa ha sehlopha Qoqa Sesotho maane ho Facebook, Basotho ba bontshitse thahasello e kgolo tabeng tsa Sesotho. Feela e ka mathata a sa le teng bakeng la ho kopana le hona ho nka kgato e latelang... More


text:
- Contact Us
- Elections
- Resources
- About
- An Activist's Guide
- Legal Framework
- Structures
- Key Processes
- Mobilise communities
- Home
Ketso ya Mmuso wa Lehae
Tlasa Molao wa Motheo, o na le tokelo ya mmuso wa lehae o sebetsang, o fanang ka ditshebeletso tsa motheo le ho ntlafatsa ntshetsopele ya moruo le phedisano setjhabeng. Tlasa Molao wa Motheo, o na le tokelo ya mmuso wa lehae wa demokerasi, o ikarabellang. Empa mmuso wa lehae o hloleha ho fana ka ditshebeletso tseo re lokelang ho di fumana.
Sepheo sa Ho phethisa ha Mmuso wa Lehae ke ho o thusa:
- ho utlwisisa mmuso wa lehae le seo o lokelang ho se etsetsa setjhaba se seng le se seng
- ho beha leihlo (kapa ho latela) ho bona hore mmuso wa lehae o etsang
- ho tseba hore o ka etsa eng ha mmuso wa lehae o iphapanya setjhaba kapa o tlola melao
- etsang ho hong ho sebedisa ditokelo tsa hao tsa metsi, bohlweki ba matlwana le dikgwerekgwere, motlakase, bodulo le tsa bophelo
- ho batla mekgatlo e ka o thusang.
Sebedisa menyu wa Bukana ya Tataiso ya Molwanelaphetoho ho kgetha karolo e o amang le ho fumana tsebiso eo o e batlang.


text:
Bala hape:
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Palo ea pele ea tlhaho ea Hormone Thailand
Re fumane taelo e tsoang ho rakhoebo ea rona e tloaelehileng e tsoang Bangkok ho Genotropin GoQuick Pen 12mg (36IU) Khampani ea Belgone ea ho hōlisa batho ea khoebo ea "Pfizer" - Ho romela ka poso ho ...
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Legal HGH Phuket - Reka Genotropin ea pele Thailand ho tloha Pfizer
Ke joang le hokae moo u ka rekang molao oa HGH Genotropin 36 IU ka Phuket? Lefapha la rona la HGH Phuket le fana ka tlhaho ea pele ea Human Growth Hormone ho khamphani ea meriana Pfizer e tsoang Bangkok, e ...
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How to buy HGH in Chiang Mai? Moo u laolang horone ea ho hōla Chiang Mai
HGH e fuoa joang Chiang Mai? Nako ea ho hlahisa HGH ho Chiang Mai ho tloha Bangkok e nka lihora tsa 24, taelo e romelloa ka letsatsi le le leng haeba e ne e lefshoa pele ho 3 ......


text:
Mafahla Seoul le boemong bo bobe 'meleng
Mafahla Seoul e arotsoe ka litsela tse peli
khale ho fumana [3500-yen Free appraisal] oa sebele senohi, o ka seoelo teana le lefat?eng lena. Mafahla Seoul ho kopana le hlaha kolamusa moea tse tsoang ho eona nako eo, boikutlo e fapaneng ho bonahalang eka e le ha u kopana le batho ba bang.
le lahliloeng le ego ke ho ntshetsa pele kolamusa ea moea, ka ho e t?olohang lireng 'me eena ka boeena e le mafahla Seoul khetheng lerato, moea o arole ba tsoelo-pele sethaleng ho ba e mong ho ke ke.
ka mokhoa ona, ka 'na ea etsa hore ho fetoha ha boemo ba' mele. Ho ka bonahala e le koatile ka nako eo, empa ke eng e ka u sa ithute hore na sesosa ke sefe ho phethahatsoa sepetlele. Haeba ho na le ntho e joalo e, o lokela ho boela a amohela hore tshebetso ya ho kolamusa ea moea.
le kopanang le bona ho etsahala ka phetoho ea moea mafahla le kolamusa ea moea seo se etsahala ka kutloisiso ea hore o ile a kopana phetoho
mafahla Seoul hangata amanang le
? hlaphohetsoe likelellong tse hlano, ka sebele liphetoho tse sa t?oaneng tla tla ka boemo ba 'mele. Ka mohlala, u ka fetola lijo ratang, ke ka kutloisiso ea lintho le utloe lintho tse shebahala joang kapa ho ba le nako e fetileng ho fapana, o fetola ka Mecha ea kutlo e mehlano maemong a mangata.
? boemo 'meleng le ho senya ho leka-lekana moea
ka linako tse ling senya boemo' meleng le ho leka-lekana a kelello ka phetoho ena. Hape e bitsoa kapa ba halefa kapa ka t?ohanyetso ho hlobaela ho se lebaka leha e le efe, ke eng e ka bonoa hantle li le boemong bo bobe ka lebaka la kolamusa ea moea. Ho phaella moo, Black metso le sefuba le hoja li sa boloetse, tse kang ringing litsebeng le ho lahleheloa ke takatso ea lijo ka 'na boela ho be le kapa se ileng sa etsahala. Ho phaella moo, e le joalo kapa e nkoang e le ho nyekoa ke pelo, kapa shoohlo ka matsoho le maoto, ho ke ke ha e seng mekae ho ka etsa koatile 'mele kaofela ho ena le sebaka sa e le' mele ho khetheha.
putlama ha
? fumana osele boikutlo bo kundalini kolamusa
onetse 'meleng le ho leka-lekana ba kelello, haholo-holo Cundari Ho boleloa hore ho bakoa ke hore phihlelo fetang tse peli kolamusa. Ho bolela hore coiling joaloka noha kapa drakone ke Kundalini, ho tloha chakra ho bula ke kolamusa, matla a ka lesapo la mokokotlo le fumana le maikutlo a hore re nyolohela coiling ke Kundalini kolamusa.
Kundalini ena e bakoang ke ho hloka taolo tsoheloa o bitsoa lefu Kundalini, e tloaelehileng lefat?eng la moea ke hore sebetse hantle ho bakoa ke ho tsoheloa.
kolamusa ea moea eo e qala ho tswa ho le kopana rona
mafahla moea oo ka nyolohela sethaleng ke kolamusa moea ke keng ea qojoa le hore a e'o ka t?ebetso e oo meea e 'meli e le e mong. Onetse 'meleng seo se etsahala e le hore ho etsa sena, o jwalo hore o tlo etsahala. Mang kapa mang ea chakra nang le phihlelo e le kundalini tsosa bulehileng, ka 'na t?ekamelo ea fetoha matla le ho feta.
ke il'o pheta jwalo kolamusa ea moea, ba tla khona ho nyoloha mohato o le mong sethaleng ho ba e mong e le kannete rata moea mafahla.
Ke il'o khutlela Ri, ho tla ba khona ho nyolohela mohato o le mong sethaleng ho ba e mong e le kannete rata moea mafahla.
Ke il'o khutlela Ri, ho tla ba khona ho nyolohela mohato o le mong sethaleng ho ba e mong e le kannete rata moea mafahla.


text:
Horizon Fitness 35% Kantle ho Labohlano Labohlano 2016 Sebetsana
Horizon Fitness e fana ka 35% ho tlohela litlhapi le litlhōlisano tsa Labohlano le Letšoa 2016! Ka sena Horizon Fitness 2016 Black Friday e rekisoang, u ka boela ua fumana kakaretso ea mahala ea boikoetliso ea lapeng ka theko ea mochine leha e le ofe oa cardio ka ho sebelisa khoutu ea khoebo FITKITha a tsoa. Sebaka sena sa mahala sa ho ikoetlisa sa lehae se fana ka tlatsetso ea ho qetela mosebetsing o mong le o mong 'me se na le mochine oa marang-rang le lihlopha tse tharo tse ngata tsa ho hanyetsa! Hlahloba mehlala e fumanehang ka ho tobetsa moeli o ka tlase
Letsatsi la Labohlano le Reka Ho fihlela ho 35% Tlohela ho ea holimo Litebelisoa tsa ho ikoetlisa, li-elliptic, le boikoetliso ba libaesekele. Reka hona joale - thekiso e fela ka Sontaha!
Ena Horizon Fitness Black Friday Fela ka Sontaha 11 / 27 / 16


text:
Bakeng sa ea pele ea May, basebetsi ea machaba ea letsatsi re be a qetella a lokolla haholo nako e telele saletseng morao le ka ha ho lebeletswe phetolelo ea 0.9.9.0.
ke seo sena se setle se phetolelo e?
Pele – tshehetso bakeng sa Baidu, Machaena fuputso seqhenqha tseo le tsona e-na le enjene phetolelo, le tshehetso bakeng sa Mongolian e-na le e ikhethang bakeng sa enjene ena. E mong ntho e molemo ke hore ka enjene ena, websites tse tšoaroa ka China ka fumana mekhoa ea ho fumana ho sebetsa phetolelo enjene.
Bobeli – re tsepamisitse la hajwale la senotlolo ka tlaase ho moo tšehetso ea ka bobeli Google le Yandex, kahoo ha e le hantle ba lokela ho sebetsa hape hona joale. Kahoo, haeba e maqephe a seng makae a hao sebaka ba ne ba sa le fetoletsoeng, phetolelo ea e ncha ile uena koahetsoeng. A lipuo tse 'maloa eketsoa ka tshebetso.
Ntlha ea boraro – lotho ea liphetoho, keketso 'me kokoanyana litharollo tsa ka hohle. Yeah, re lokela ho lokisa litokomane tse le FAQ tse ka bang.
Ke hobane'ng ha u sa ntse u ho bala sena? Feela ntlafatsa kajeno, 'me mosebetsi hosasane!


text:
Mohloli oa thepa ea mahala o tla tla kapele: Social Action Planning Poker
Tlhophiso ea Sechaba ea Ts'ebetsong
Ka mor'a lilemo tsa 5 le merero ea batho ba fetang 140 molemong oa lebanta la rona, sehlopha se na le kutloisiso e tiileng ea se etsang hore morero oa sechaba o sebetse ... le eng e emisang hore e shoe litseleng tsa eona.
Sepheo se seholohali sa litoro tsa sechaba ke sekhahla sa moralo o sa tsitsitseng.
Ke ka lebaka leo Element a entseng qeto ea ho lokolla Element's Planning Poker e le mohloli o ka lefshoang mahala.
Re ntse re senya designover bekeng e hlahlamang mme re lokolla PDF eo u ka e jarang. Ngodisa ho tlhahiso ea litaba ho tsebisa ha Planning Poker e lokolloa.


text:
Melawana le dipehelo tsa beke le beke Win Boost
Lipallo le lipehelo:
- nyolloa mosebetsing ena e fumaneha feela ho lipane a utloahalang a akhaonte ea lilemo li 18 kapa ho feta.
- nyolloa mosebetsing ona e tla ba mafolofolo lona le 3rd, 10go th, 17go th, 24go th le ka 31st May 2016 (GMT).
- Feela phaello le Bohloko ba ho Shoeloa (P&L) mosebetsi nakong nyolloa mosebetsing pele ho bapala lipapali tse itseng sekotjana tla bala maleban mangolo bakeng sa Boost ea.
- Boost tla fuoa ho ea ka phaello letlooa (chelete ea sebele winnings) mabapi le lipapali tsa sekotjana.
- Ka ketsahalo eo letlooa ea hao P&L e iketselitseng eona bonyane ba £ 10 ka winnings, u tla amohela khothatso eo e balwa nakong 10% ea phaello ea hao feteletseng pele ho bapala lipapali tse itseng kaofela sekotjana.
- E le hore ho kgethelwa bakeng sa Win Boost promo, libapali li tlameha ebe o ile a etsa peeletso bonyane ba £ 10 ka letsatsi leo.
- Palo e kahodimodimo tjhelete yohle ya bonase tjhelete e £ 50.
- Standard wagering ditlhoko tsa 30x bonase tjhelete etsa pele bonase kapa winnings leha e le efe e lekanang ka hulwa. Winnings tima libonase ba capped nakong 4x bonase tjhelete.
- Bonus ka lichelete ka potlako e sebelelitseng tsoang ho phahamiswa ena, ka feela sebelisoa ho bapalle sekotjana lipapali tsa rona.
- A khaotsa ho tsuba ha matlotlo pele wagering ke ka ho feletseng e tla sekheo libonase tsohle le winnings leha e le efe ea tsena attributable ka tlaleho ea.
- wagers feela etswa Real Money lipapali tsa tla tlatsetsa maleban tlhokahalo ea wagering. Wagers etswa Play Ka Free lipapali tsa ba ke ke ba bala maleban tlhokahalo ea wagering.
- Bonus meputso ka nka ho fihlela ho 72 lihora tse ho tlotloa akhaonteng ya hao.
- Management mehloli le tokelo ea ho hlakola, fedise kapa fetola tlhōlisano leha e le efe kapa ho phahamiswa (kapa melao ya lona) nako efe kapa efe a bile a sa tsebiso pele.
- General Lipallo le lipehelo etsa. a fihlele qeto eo Management ke ho qetela maemong 'ohle.


text:
'Muso oa Thai ke ke thibela khoebo cryptocurrency, o re: Letona Finance Apisak Tantivorawong, empa ka moralo taolo ya ho busa lichelete tsa digital tla o ile a hlakisa ho feta ka hare ho khoeli.
Ka mor'a puisano e moraorao, mekhatlo amanang ile ba lumela hore balaoli ke ke ra khaotsa ho sebelisa lichelete tse ka thoeng empa o tla lokela ho laola le ho li laola ka tsela e loketseng ho tse, Mr Apisak itse ka maobane oa “Thailand sefofane se tloha 2018” seminareng tšoaroa ke Post Kajeno.
Banka bohareng, set lao, Tšebeletso Finance le Anti-Money dilondri Office (Amlo) ba ile a lumela ho emisa ka phanele sebetsa fuwe mosebetsi wa ka mehato hlahloba bokgoni ba ho laola ho lichelete tsa digital.
Mohloli o A ka Tšebeletso Finance itse sehlopha sebetsa e tla haufinyane robala ka moralo taolo ka lichelete tsa tšepe tsa digital.
Laolang cryptocurrencies beha mathata hobane ha ho na tumellano teng ka mekhoa e molemohali ea taolo, mohloli itse.
Mongoli: Richard Abermann


text:
ITIL v3 Koetliso le Koetliso ea Koetliso ea Koetliso ea Tšebelisano le Ts'ebetso ea Sesebelisoa sa Machaba a Kopaneng
Tlhaloso
Bamameli le Litlhokahalo
Tlhahiso ea Tlhahlobo
Kemiso le Litefiso
tiiseletswe
ITIL v3 Tlhahlobo e kholo ea Koetliso ea OSA Tlhahlobo
The ITIL® 2011 Tšoaneleho e Akaretsang: Letšoao la ts'ebeliso ea ts'ebeliso ea mosebetsi le ts'ebetso (OSA) ke boiphihlelo bo sa lefelloeng empa hape ke karolo ea ITIL® Intermediate Motlakase oa bokhoni, le e 'ngoe ea li-modules tse isang Certificate ea Expert ITIL® ho IT Service Management. Sepheo sa mokoetliso ona le setifikeiti ke ho fana ka tsebo mekhoeng ea indasteri tsamaisong ea ts'ebetso joalokaha e ngotsoe litabeng tsa motheo tsa ITIL® Service Lifecycle. Letšoao la ITIL® le ts'ehetso le ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso e reretsoe ho thusa ba nang le lengolo lena hore ba sebelise mekhoa ea OSA ho rarolla le ho tšehetsa Bophelo ba Bophelo ba Ts'ebeletso.
Bamameli ba nang le morero bakeng saITIL v3 OSA e bohareng
Ts'ebetso ea ts'ehetso ea ts'ebetso le ts'ebetso ea lits'ebeletso li tla lumellana le batho ba latelang litšebeletsong kapa libakeng tse latelang tsa IT:
- Mookameli oa Matla
- Mookameli oa Kopo
- Fetola Mookameli
- Mookameli oa Tšireletso
- Litšehetso tsa Ts'ebeliso
- IT Manager Operations
- Ts'ebetso ea Leano le Ts'ebetso
- Ts'ehetso ea Mecha
- Motsamaisi ea Tsoelang Pele oa Khoebo
- Mookameli oa Tšireletso
- Motsamaisi oa Mosebetsi oa Tšebeletso
- Mofani oa Khoebo ea Boipheliso.
Tlhahiso ea Tlhahlobo
- Bohlokoa ho khoebo ea mesebetsi ea OSA le hore na mesebetsi ea OSA e tšehetsa Bophelo ba Bophelo ba Ts'ebeletso
- Ho ntlafatsa tshebetso ea Ts'ebetso ea Tšebeletso
- Mokhoa oa ts'ebetsong oa OSA o sebelisana joang le mekhoa e meng ea Ts'ebetso ea Bophelo
- Mokhoa oa ho sebelisa le ho lekanya mekhoa ea OSA, mesebetsi le mesebetsi ho finyella bokhabane bo sebetsang
- Bohlokoa ba ts'ireletso ea IT le menehelo ea eona ho OSA
- Ho utloisisa theknoloji le ho kenya ts'ebetsong litabeng tse amanang le OSA
- Mathata, maemo a maholo a katleho (CSFs) le likotsi tse amanang le OSA
- Ho hatisoa ka ho khetheha ka lits'ebetso le boikarabelo bo kenyeletsang:
- Tlhokomelo ea liketsahalo, e hlalosa liketsahalo tse bonahalang tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa Ts'ebetso ea Ts'ebetso ea IT kapa ho fana ka ts'ebeletso ea IT
- The Incident Management, o na le bokhoni ba ho khutlisetsa litšebeletso liketsong tse tloaelehileng kapele kamoo ho ka khonehang le ho latela maemo a lumellanang le tšebeletso
- Kopo ea Phethahatso, e phethahatsa kopo e fanang ka phihlelo e potlakileng le e atlehileng ea lits'ebeletso tse tloaelehileng ho ntlafatsa tlhahiso ea khoebo kapa boleng ba lits'ebeletso tsa khoebo le lihlahisoa
- Bothata ba Tsamaiso, ho thibela mathata le liketsahalo, ho felisa liketsahalo tse sa khaotseng le ho fokotsa liphello tsa liketsahalo tse ke keng tsa qojoa
- Tsamaiso ea ho fihlella, meputso ea basebelisi ba lumelloang tokelo ea ho sebelisa tšebeletso nakong eo
ho thibela ho fihlella basebelisi ba seng ba lumelloa.
- Mesebetsi ea ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso e kenyelletsoeng mekhahlelo e meng ea bophelo bo kang Bophelo ba Ts'ebetso, Boemo ba Ts'ebetso le Boikarabelo ba Ts'ebetso, Phatlalatso ea Phatlalatso le Ts'ebetso ea Ts'ebetso, Tsamaiso ea Tsamaiso ea Ts'ebetso, Ts'ebetso ea Boemo, Tsebo ea Ts'ebetso ea Lichelete, Ts'ebeletso ea Tšebeletso ea IT.
- Ho Hlophisa Tšebeletso ea Ts'ebeletso e hlalosang mesebetsi le mesebetsi e lokelang ho etsoa ka Ts'ebeliso ea Ts'ebetso le Tšehetso e kang Service Desk, Technical Management, IT Operations Management le Application Management.
Re kopa o re ngolle info@itstechschool.com & re ikopanye le rona ka + 91-9870480053 bakeng sa theko ea theko le theko ea tiiso, kemiso le sebaka
- Palo ea Lipotso: 8 Lipotso ka pampiri
- Duration: Metsotso ea 90 bakeng sa bohle ba khethiloeng ka puo ea bona
- Lethathamo la ho feta: Matšoao a 28 a hlokehang ho feta (ho tsoa ho 40 e fumaneha) - 70%
- Tlhahlobo ea Test: Khetho e 'maloa
Bakeng sa lintlha tse ling re ikopanye ka mosa.


text:
Lintho tse bonahalang tse lihlahisoa tsa rona e kenyeletsa: Marine Kereiti celik, koporo, koporo, aluminium, motsoako zinki le tikoloho-ba botsoalle rabara le polasetiki.
The predominance fektheri rona larileng ka ka tsela e latelang:
1, Re na le lilemo tse 16 'boiphihlelo ruileng etsa thepa likarolo tsa tšepe le ka sehloohong R & D bokhoni. limmaraka tsa rona ka sehloohong ke Europe, Amerika Leboea, Australia le Asia. Re ka fana ka lihlahisoa tsa boleng ho latela melao ea sebaka le melao.
2, Re bile sebelisana le multinationals maloa matla ka lilemo. Ho na le lilemo tse fetang 20 le phihlelo litheknishiene ba tseba hantle ka dihlahiswa. Kahoo, re ka u tiisetsa hore re khona ho fana ka lihlahisoa tsa boleng bo thehiloeng ho pepa ka potlako.
3, The baenjiniere ba tšoanelehang fekthering ea rōna e ka fana ka maikutlo a le u eletsa hore u ho ba bang diporojeke tse di e ncha-etselitsoeng haeba ho hlokahala. Re ntle ka ho qapa le ho tseba hantle ka kopo ya dihlahiswa tsa rona ka sehloohong.
4, Re na le bohlokoa le ho ya diyantle le lengolo.
5, Ho na le tse ngata tsitsitseng-potlana borakontraka ba re fana ka lintho tse ling ho tloha thepa e 'ngoe.
fektheri rona e teng ka Cixi, qetellong ka boroa ho Hangzhou Bay Bridge, e leng borokho telele ka ho fetisisa holim'a leoatle. Ke e 'ngoe le halofo ea hora ho tloha Pudong Airport le hora e 1 tloha Xiaoshan Airport, halofo ea hora ho tloha Ningbo Airport ho fektheri rona ke koloi feela. Ha o tla re etela ka kopo ikopanya le rona bakeng sa thonaka.
Na u lokela ho na le potso efe kapa efe, ka kōpo u se ke ua ba leqe ho ikopanya le rona.


text:
Ho hlakola boitsebiso boo u bo batlang ka letsoho, u lokela ho ba le bokhoni bo botle ba ho ba le lenaneo. Ntle le moo, o ka sebelisa lisebelisoa tse ngata tsa lisebelisoa tsa lisebelisoa tsa web tse ikemiselitseng ho bala, ho hlophisa le ho hlakola data ka mokhoa o itseng. Leha ho le joalo, liwebsaete tse ling ha lia khoneha, tse bolelang hore li sebelisa mekhoa ea ho loantša kapa ho fetola mekhabiso ea bona kamehla. Ka mohlala, LinkedIn, Alibaba le Facebook ba hloka lintlha tsa ho kena, ba fana ka ho kenya CAPTCHA, le ho thibela liaterese tsa IP ho netefatsa hore basebetsi ba bona ba sireletsa le ho ba lekunutu.
1 - herrenuhren trend 2017. Facebook:
Facebook ke e 'ngoe ea liwebsaete tse tummeng ka ho fetisisa tsa liwebsaete tsa batho tse nang le basebelisi ba mafolofolo ba fetang limilione tse 20 lefatšeng ka bophara. Ho na le lenane le leholo la mananeo a kopo le lisebelisoa tsa lintlha tse ikemiselitseng ho ntša boitsebiso ka bomong ho Facebook. Ka bomalimabe, lisebelisoa tse ngata ha li re fe data e nepahetseng le e rutoang. Facebook e entse hore ho be thata bakeng sa ba spammers le ba sutumetsang ho bokella tlhahisoleseding e mabapi le basebedisi ba eona. E ka fumanoa feela ka thuso ea motlatsi oa HTML joaloka Python, empa boholo ba li-webmaster le ba-freelancers ha ba tsebe le motheo oa Python. Haufinyane tjena, Facebook scraper e ile ea qala ho ntša boitsebiso ba bohlokoa ho websaeteng ena ea liwebsaeteng. Ka Facebook scraper, o ka bokella mabitso le li-imeile tsa li-aterese tsa basebelisi ba Facebook. Empa haeba u batla ho bokella lintlha tse tebileng, u ke ke ua sebelisa sesebelisoa sena kapa ntho leha e le efe e 'ngoe e tšoanang.
2. LinkedIn:
LinkedIn ke websaeteng e meng ea metsoalle ea liwebsaete eo ho ke keng ha khoneha ho e senya. Leha ho le joalo, o ka ntša boitsebiso bo itseng maqepheng a 'maloa a maqephe, empa boholo ba tlhahisoleseding ha bo fumanehe. O ka senya tlhahisoleseling feela ho tswa ho LinkedIn profile profile ho sebelisa Import. io kapa Kimono Labs. Bahoebi ba ke ke ba sebelisa menyetla ea ho ts'ehetsa litšebeletso ka lebaka la likhoebo tsa LinkedIn tse matla tsa tšireletso. Leha ho le joalo, ba se ba qalile ho sebelisa Mookameli oa Moeta-pele, e leng ho thusang ho senya litlaleho tsa sechaba. Sesebelisoa sena se ka senya li-link tsa profile, mabitso, le liaterese tsa imeile feela. Empa haeba u batla ho fumana ID ea Skype, ID ea Yahoo Messenger, aterese e feletseng, le ID ea Twitter ea mofani, LinkedIn e ke ke ea u lumella ho etsa joalo.
3. Alibaba:
Alibaba ke conglomerate ea theknoloji e fanang ka litšebeletso tsa khoebo ho bareki. Ka bomalimabe, ha ho na mokhoa oa ho senya data ho websaeteng ena. Ho fapana le Amazon le eBay, Alibaba e thatafalletsa basebelisi ba eona ho fumana leseli ka lihlahisoa tsa eona, litšoantšo, litlhaloso le theko ea tsona. Ka 2015, lisebelisoa tse 'maloa tse ka fokolang data ho Alibaba ka boiketlo li ile tsa hlahisoa sechabeng. Lisebelisoa tse ngata li lefshoa 'me ha li fihle litebello tsa ho qala. Alibaba o na le mekhoa e mengata ea likhoebo lefatšeng ka bophara 'me o kopanya bareki le bafani ba thepa. Ho sa le joalo, e netefatsa hore ba na le boinotšing 'me ha ba lumelle motho hore a hlahise data. Ho tloha ka la 2017, Alibaba o na le basebelisi ba fetang limilione tse 500 khoeli le khoeli mosebetsing oa eona. Ho hlakile hore lipapali tse kholo tsa leru tse kang Amazon, Google le Microsoft li hlahisitsoe ke leruo la leruo. E sebelisitse mekhoa e metle bakeng sa ho netefatsa 'nete ea bafani ba eona' me e thibela literese tsohle tsa IP tse belaella ka metsotsoana.


text:
Bafu-qetellong aforikanse e gapa Guy
Jera hlahisa preformed Guy fittings bakeng sa koaheloang ke letho le insulated conductors holim'a kabel.
Atileng ka ho fetisisa mofuta ofe Helical mola loketseng bitsoa lihlahisoa tse ling preformed mola ke: bafu-qetellong Guy aforikanse e gapa. Guy khotsofalletse bafu-lipheletsong sebelisoa ka litora kapa lipalo tsa lehong ho haha marangrang kabo. Bafu-qetellong aforikanse e gapa Guy ba entsoe ka boitsebiso bo tšoanang le mokhanni eo ba e sebelisoa, aluminium, koporo, galvanized tšepe
tloaelo bafu-qetellong Guy aforikanse e gapa ka sebelisoa ka kabo ea motlakase matla kapa dinetweke tseo tlhaeletsanong holim'a ho fixate ADSS le OPGW faeba optic lik'hebole ho lipalo le litora.
Aforikanse e gapa li reretsoe ho emisa holim'a mokhanni kapa securing Guy Strand ya palo. E ikhethang, e mong-sengoathoana moralo ntle tsekema kapa phahameng-khatello ea kelello a tšoere disebediswsa netefatsa tlhomamiso bonolo le nako e telele ea bophelo ba Preformed Helical ts'oarello Loketseng.
Jera khonang ho hlahisa bafu-qetellong Guy terata aforikanse e gapa latela kabel ga tlhaloso ea hao.
Kaofela ha terata thehoa ba lipheletsong ba rōna ba shoeleng ba 'nile ba lekoa le tshebedisanong ya motlakase le tlhaeletsanong lik'hamphani hore ho khotsofatsa se hlokoang ke ea moo ea bareki ba rona. Ho feta moo, Jera o na le mefuta e fapaneng ka ho feletseng liteko setsing ho tswela pele ka liteko tsa lithapo helical.
E mong le e letsatsi le re ntlafatsa disebediso rona ho fihlela mathata a macha ea lefatše ea motlakase le marangrang a 'maraka aba libuka.
Re li bua haholo ka boleng le ka tharollo ea phethoa ho bareki ba rona.
Welcome ho ikopanya le rona


text:
Wireshark Certified Network Analyst Training Course & Certification
Overview
Bamameli le Litlhokahalo
Tlhahiso ea Tlhahlobo
Kemiso le Litefiso
tiiseletswe
Wireshark Certified Network Analyst Training Course
The Wireshark Certified Network Analyst Training Course & Certification e ne e etselitsoe ho tiisa bokhoni ba motho ka mong ho sebelisa Wireshark ho fumana sesosa sa mathata a netweke (ho se sebetse hantle kapa ho amana le ts'ireletso) le ho netefatsa tsebo ea hau ea TCP / IP melaetsa ea inthanete ka kakaretso.
Lintho tse hlokahalang bakeng sa Wireshark Certified Network Analyst Training
Tsebo e matla ea TCP / IP
Nako ea Nako ea Tlhahlobo: Matsatsi a 5
- Tlhaloso ea Ts'ebetso ea Lenaneo
- Selelekela ho Wireshark
- Tšoaetsoang Tseleng
- Etsa 'me u Sebelise Litlhapiso tsa ho Etsa
- Hlalosa Litakatso Tsa Lefatše le tsa Botho
- Colorize Traffic
- Hlalosa Melao ea Boitšoaro le Mehla ea Qetello
- Hlalosa Litlhapi tsa Fumana Litsela tsa Ts'ebetso
- Bopa le ho kenya Lihlahisoa tsa Lipontšo
- Latela Mantsoe 'me u bokelle Lintlha
- Sebelisa litlaleho tsa Wireshark
- Hlahisa liphutheloana tsa ho phatlalatsa, tsa ho boloka, tsa ho rekisa le tsa ho hatisa
- Sebelisa tlhahlobo ea litsebi tsa Wireshark • Tlhaloso ea TCP / IP Analysis
- Hlahloba Motlakase oa Lebitso la Domain (DNS)
- Hlahloba Sephethephethe sa Resolution Protocol (ARP)
- Hlahloba Internet Protocol (IPv4 / IPv6) Sephethephethe
- Hlahloba Leano la Molaetsa oa Molaetsa oa Internet
- Hlahloba Traffic User (Datagram Protocol) (UDP)
- Hlahloba sephethephethe sa Transmission Protocol (TCP)
- Graph IO Tlhahlobo le TCP Trends
- Hlahloba Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
- Hlahloba sephethephethe sa Hypertext Transfer (HTTP)
- Hlahloba Leeto la Phallo ea Fumana (FTP)
- Hlahloba Email Traffic
- Kenyelletso ea 802.11 (WLAN) Analysis
- Ho feta lentsoe la IP (VoIP) Analysis Fundamentals
- Baseline "Mekhoa ea Tsela ea Tsela e Tloaelehileng"
- Matšoao a Maholo a Mathata a Tshebetso
- Network Forensics Overview
- Fumana lisebelisoa tsa ho bala le ho fumana lintho
- Hlahloba Tsela ea Sephethephethe
- Tšebeliso e Atlehang ea Lisebelisoa tsa Linea
Re kopa o re ngolle info@itstechschool.com & re ikopanye le rona ka + 91-9870480053 bakeng sa theko ea theko le theko ea tiiso, kemiso le sebaka
Bakeng sa lintlha tse ling ka mosa Iteanye le rona.


text:
2015 Bowflex Letsatsi la Letsatsi la Canada
Bowflex e na le thepa e kholo ea Treadclimber bakeng sa Letsatsi la 2015 la Canada! Ho tloha ka July 1 - 3 2015, o ka fumana 20% ho fokotsa FREE FREE ho TreadClimber TF20 ea Bowflex!
Sebelisa khoutu ea khoutuETSOA HAO ha u fihla ho tsoa ho ea fumana theolelo ea hau.
(CA) Letsatsi la Letsatsi la Canada: 20% FELANA + Shipping FREE ho Treadclimber TC20 ho Bowflex.com! Sebelisa khoutu ea khoebo: KA HAO (ho netefatsa July 1-3 Canada litaelo feela)
Tlhokomeliso: Ts'ebetso ena ea TF20 ea Letsatsi la Bowflex la Canada le nepahala bakeng sa litaelo tsa Canada feela
Mabapi le Treadclimber TC20:
- Mesebetsi ea elektronike ea 5 e akarelletsang nako, sebaka, lik'hilojule, lebelo le pelo ea lebelo
- Ho khutlisetsa setšoantšo sa LCD ka ho feletseng
- Litsela / boloka tlhahisoleseding bakeng sa basebelisi ba 2
- diseke tsa boqapi
- Waranti e kenyelletsa lilemo tse tharo tsa ho fana ka boitsebiso bakeng sa litebelisoa kaofela
- Kholiseho ea khotsofalo ea Bowflex 100%
Tlanya mona ho reka setsi sena ho websaeteng ea Bowflex Canada Treadclimber. Hopola hore u tlameha ho sebelisa khoutu ea khoutuETSOA HAO ho amohela 20% ea hau le theko ea ho romella ea mahala
* Ts'ebetso ena ea 2015 Bowflex ea Letsatsi la Canada TC20 e phahame ho tloha ka July 1st 2015 - July 3rd 2015. Boitsebiso leha e le bofe le theko e fumanehang ho Treadclimber.ca nakong ea theko e tla sebetsa ho laelo ea hau. Tlhahiso ena ea 20% e nepahetse bakeng sa Melao ea Canada feela


text:
Ha ho etsoa lisebelisoa tse ngata tsa marang-rang, lisebelisoa tsa motlakase (SEO) li ntse li le boemong bo botle bakeng sa ho holisa marang-rang. Molemo ka ho fetisisa ke hore u ka etsa joalo ka ho sebelisa websaeteng ea elektronike le ho fumana lintlha tse ngata tsa marang-rang a Inthaneteng. Ha e le hantle SEO e ka etsa hore batho ba bangata ba sebelise lipuo tse ling tse ngata. E le hore ho be le lipuo tse ngata tsa lipuo tse ngata tse ka sebelisoang ho tsona, u se ke ua li bala - appraise car value.
El SEO e bontša hore u na le tekanyetso eo u ka e bonang ha u ka e bala. Ha e le hantle, u ka khetha mofuta o mong oa li-websaete tse ngata, oo u ka o sebelisang ka ho khetheha. El experto de
Semalt ,
Ross Barber, sebapali sa SEO se le seng se le seng sa li-websaete tse ling tse ngata tseo u ka li sebelisang ho latela SEO.
1. Ha e le hantle ha ho joalo.
Sebedisa lipuo tse ling tse ngata, e le hore ho be le lipapali tse ling tse fapaneng. E le hore ho be le motlakase, e le hore u tle u fumane lipapatso tse ling. E le hore ho be le tokomane ea URL, u se ke ua etsa qeto ea hore na u ka etsa qeto efe ka lebaka la hore na u batla ho etsa'ng. Google e le hore u fumane websaeteng ea hau ea websaete. Ha e le hantle, Google e boetse e sebelisa lipapali tsa "rel = alternatehreflang" ka lipapali, tseo li ka li sebelisang. Ha e le hantle, u ka sebelisa URL e arohaneng le mefuta e mengata eo u ka e sebelisang, eo u ka e sebelisang ha u e-na le eona. U ka sebelisa URL e tšoanang le ea sitio web.de ho bontša hore na ho na le lipapali tse ling tse latelang .
2. Geotargeting
Sena se bontša hore Juda e tla ba le mokhoa o ka sehloohong o tla ba teng sebakeng se seng ka ho khetheha. Las Herramientas bakeng sa Google webmasters ho boloka karolo e tsoetseng pele lapeng tshireletso. Molemo ka ho fetisisa o sebelisoa ha e le ea phahameng ka ho fetisisa genelrico (TLD) como .com, .org, .net..joalo-joalo. Liphoso tsa sebe, lipuo tse ling li ngotsoe ka lipuo tse ling tse latelang:
- Subdominios específicos ea lipakeng. Ka ho le joalo, "jp.mywebsite.com" ka ho fetisisa websaete ea Japón,
- Tlhaloso ea lipapali (ccTLD) ke ea bohlokoa ho feta moo. Ha e le hantle, www.mywebsite.de bakeng sa alemana le,
- U batla ho fumana lintlha tse ling. Ejemplo, www.yoursite.com/nl ho ea ho baeti ba tsoang Holanda.
3. Páginas e lumellanang le setereke sa bophara
Hore na ho na le mangolo a mangata a batho ba ka sebelisoang ho latela lipapatso tsa batho ba bang, e-ba le lihlooho tse ling tse bontšang hore na ho na le motho ea eang hokae ea sebetsang. Ha e le hantle, motho e mong le e mong oa China a ka etela liphutheho tsa hae ka ho fetisisa, e le hore a tle a tsamaee le websaeteng ea IP, e le hore e be e le 'ngoe ea lipuo tse ling. Li-robot le li-robot tsa Google li-IP le tsona li na le lipapali tse ngata. Ha e le hantle, e ka ba karolo ea websaeteng ea hau.
4. Mesebetsi ea tsamaiso ea lipuo tse ngata
Google e sebelisa mokhoa oa ho sebelisa lebitso la URL. Ha e le hantle, u se u batla ho bala sehlooho se reng u se ke ua bala. Ha e le hantle, Google ha e bapisoa le eona ha e bapisoa le lipapali tsa li-palabra.
ho qetela
Muchas ke eona e sebetsang ka morao. Laebrari: Lingoliloeng Tsa Sesotho (2000-2014) Laebrari Lintlha Tseo U li Khethang Kamoo e Lokelang ho Sebelisoa Tumellano ea ho Boloka Lekunutu Selefounung Lintlha Tseo U li Khethang Ha e le hantle, ke habohlokoa ho etsa hore SEO e khone ho iketsetsa setsoalle sa Inthanete. E le hore u se ke ua sebelisa li-websaete tse ngata, u se ke ua li fumana ka SEO. Ha e le hantle, li fumaneha ka litsela tse ling tse ngata tsa tsamaiso le tsamaiso ea li-multilingual geo-orientados. E-ba le lihlooho tse ling tse ka sebelisoang bakeng sa ho sebelisa li-multilingual tse ling tsa SEO.


text:
Nakong ea liphuputso tsa SEO site, motho a ka bona mekhoa e atlehileng ea SEO e sebelisitsoenghammoho le mekhoa ea nakoana. Ho hlakile hore mekhatlo e meng ea SEO e ntse e itšetleha ka mekhoa e mebe. Ross Barber, Mookameli ea Atlehileng oa Mokhanni oa Semalt ,e hlalosa liphoso tse tloaelehileng tseo ba sebeletsi ba SEO hangata ba li etsang.
Ho sebelisa Meta Information e fokolang ka matla
Meta ke mohloli o fanang ka boitsebiso bo eketsehileng ho websaeteng e itseng - traveling through south america.Le hoja sehlooho sa Meta le tlhaloso e ka itšetleha ka ho feletseng ka maikutlo a motho 'me e ka ngoloa ka litsela tse sa tšoaneng, e otlolohilemokhoa o tsoelang pele o tla ba oa bohlokoa kamehla. Sehlooho sa meta ka boeona se lokela ho ba ntlha ea sehlooho ea leqephe; haeba ho na le tse peli tse kholomantsoe a bohlokoa, ka bobeli a lokela ho kenngoa. Haeba ho na le ntho e le 'ngoe feela, lebitso la khampani le ka tsamaea le eona.
Tlhaloso ea Meta e lokela ho kenyeletsa lintlha tsa sehlooho ka pitso ea khatoqetellong. Mona ke moo u fumanang monyetla oa ho senola se ikhethang sa websaeteng ea hau, 'me u fana ka maikutlo a seo leqephe la hau le lenge bua ka eona e le hore e khelose baeti ba loketseng. Litlotla tse fokolang tsa Meta ha li na tlhahisoleseding e tobileng ka sehlahisoa kapa tšebeletso lelitlotla tsa bona li tšoana le ba bang maqepheng a fapaneng a maqephe.
Bakeng sa tlhaloso e kholo ea Meta, ho pheta-pheta litlotla tse tsoang maqepheng a mang'me tlatsetso ea boholo ba mantsoe a bohlokoa a lokela ho tlosoa, ho e-na le hoo, boitsebiso ba bohlokoa bo tlameha ho tlosoa. Sehlooho sa Meta se fokolang letlhaloso e mpe e ka nyahamisa baeti ho tloha ho sheba websaeteng ea hau..
Ho kenya lipalesa tse ngata haholo
Ho sa tsotellehe hore na ho na le li-hitch tse kang li-bloated code, kajeno li-websites tse ngata tsa SMBe hahoa ka Word Press. Liphaseke ke mananeo a maholo a lenaneo a tla fana ka tshebetso e eketsehileng ho websaeteng ea hau. Hapeli-plugins sethaleng sa hau li bontša lintlha tse kholo ho fokotsa ts'ebetso ea ho kenya, ho etsa hore baeti ba emetse ho laela leqephe ka Googlesystem apprise. O ka hlahloba sena ka ho khanna temohisiso ea Google PageSpeed.
SEO e ameha ka ho bokella li-plugins le likhoka hang ha SEO e ntse e le tenghangata litsebi li na le tsebo ea ho ngolisa le ho etsa lenaneo. E le ho ntlafatsa katleho, ho utloisisa taba ea li-plugins tse sebelisitsoeng hosebaka sa hau sa marang-rang le ho thibela tse sa bohlokoa.
Ho eketsa boitsebiso bo hlalositsoeng ka maqephe a macha
Liwebsaete tse ling tse ntle, tse ntlafalitsoeng hantle li na le liphello tse bohloko tsa ho eketsaho hlahisoa ka maqephe a macha. Hangata, e tla le sepheo sa ho sebelisa mekhoa e mengata kamoo ho khonehang. Liofisi tse ling tsa SEO haholohangata ho kenya marang-rang websaete ea hau ka boitsebiso bo bongata haholo. Ho matha Copyscape ea maqephe ana ho senola hore tlhahisoleseding e tšoana haholoho websaeteng e 'ngoe, eo ka mokhoa o makatsang o sebetsang le mofani oa ts'ebeletso ea SEO ka tsela e tšoanang le uena. Kahoo ho kgothaletswa haholo ho ngola hapediteng tsa hau haeba u fumana hore e tšoana le boitsebiso bo tsoang maqepheng a mang a maqephe le liwebsaete. Joale, batlisisa lebaka leo ka lonaSEO e tiileng eo ue hirileng e behile lintho tse teng setsheng sa hau.
Kaha ke habohlokoa haholo bakeng sa khoebo ho sebelisana le SEO e tšepahalange tiile ho netefatsa hore mosebetsi o sebetsang hantle, o ka qala ho ithuta ka bafani ba SEO ho ba hira SEO ho hlahloba kapa tlhahlobo ea motheo ea leqephe la hau la marang-rang. Ha u bapisa litlaleho tse 'maloa le khoebo ea hao ea sebele, u tla ba le motheo oa ho hlahloba SEOho sebetsa ka thata.