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Gemology Glossary - Gemological Institute of Cambodia Glossary. Lehakoe Glossary. lehakoe Glossary
Abalone liperela
mala liperela baroque hlahisoang ke tse jeoang univalue mollusk e leng e na le khetla tsebeng-e bōpehileng joaloka bohlokoa bakeng sa mosebetsi oo mebala-bala 'me of-perela lera. Tsena a fumanoa ka America, New Zealand le metsi a Sejapane. Seoelo sephaphathi, ba atisa ho flattened le tsebe kapa tooth- bopehileng
monya
ho kenela (mohlala, mokelikeli ona a) kapa nka ho sona kapa e fumane matla a tsoang ho eneji tlale thabo (mohlala, leseli)
Absorption manyenyane
mohlala oa meleng e ka lefifing leo tsepameng, lihlopha, kapa dibakeng (e pharaletse absorption), bone ha leseli e leng e se e tšoaetsanoang ka kapa bonahatsa tsoang lehakoe o qhalakantsoeng ho kena metsoako e spectral le hlahloba sebelisa seletsa se e tse kang spectroscope e.
Adamantine
sheba benya
Adularescence
ea khethollang type genus bo bosoeu kapa bo Milky Sheen (Schiller) moonstone
Allochromatic
ha elements phetohong eo se teng feela e le hloeke sa reng letho a hlophisa boitsebiso ba mahakoe, lintho tse bonahalang tse ke allochromatic (allo = e meng; ban o thanh hoa = mmala)
Alluvium
lentsoe le akaretsang ka tloaelo sebediswa bakeng sa lutseng mobung oa lefika maloanlahla (alluvial lutseng mobung) oo ba 'nile ba isoa ke phallang metsi' me a rala ho theosa ka kemisong e sa khaotseng, nōkeng, moroallo thota kapa letšeng libethe.
Amorphous
sheba non-bonaletsang
Anisotropic
sheba doubly refractive
Archimedes molao-motheo
Archimedes molao-motheo o bolela hore ha 'mele o qoelisoa ka mokelikeli, joale sepheo holimo ho mokelikeli oa' mele o lekana le boima ba mokelikeli oa mahae. (Boikemisetso ba khoheli tse tobileng tseo ke bekha mokhoa oo hydrostatic e thehiloe molao-motheo ona)
majoe maiketsetso
kristale entsoeng ke motho se nang molekane ea tlhaho ea (mohlala, tse taemane simulants: strontium titanate le YAG)
kalafo maiketsetso
ho ntlafatswa ha ponahalo ea boleng ba ka ho futhumatsa, staining, barbotage, impregnation, ts'ebetso ea ho lelefatsa bophelo ba lijo kapa mong bang laser-cheka
bokane mahakoe
lehakoe leha e le efe e entsoeng ka likarolo tse peli kapa ho feta e leng ba 'nile ba tiisa kapa fused' moho ho theha lejoe se nang balekane
Asterism
asterism ke ponahatso e le hantle, ka tloaelo sena tse 'nè kapa tse tšeletseng rayed, ho tloha likhoele tse aligned kapa cavities fibrous a lejoe e leng e se e khaola en Khao cabochon nang inclusions ea sekametseng bapile le senyepa sefofane se
Aventurescence
e matla spangled ponahatso ea khanya e tsoang lipoleiti kapa flakes ea diminerale e 'ngoe akarelletsa lejoe (mohlala, joalokaha bonoa aventurine khalase, aventurine quartz, aventurine feldspar (sunstone))
A selekane oa setshwani
e mong oa metsoako ea ditshwani, e kgosomanyomela ea setshwani ke moleng oa inahanelang ho pholletsa bohareng ea kristale, e eo kristale ea ka rotated e le hore ba hlahise ponahalo e tšoanang 2, 3, 4 kapa 6 ka makhetlo a chenchana 'ngoe e felletseng (khr , le sefahleho tshwanang le occupies le boemong bo tšoanang, ho feta hang ka e chenchana tlatsa)
liperela Baroque
bolela sebelisoa ho liperela tsa tlhaho le rutehileng, blister kapa cyst,
tse sa tsoeng kamehla shahlile
Basalt
basalt, atileng ka ho fetisisa extrusive igneous lefikeng, ke lefifi, bo botle-grained lefika hantle entsoeng ka feldspar le lefifi 'me pyroxene (ka kapa ntle le olivine). Ho na le tse 'maloa mefuta e sa tsoaneng tse di classified itšetlehileng ka diphapano botenya, sebopeho le dikahare diminerale
majoe Biaxial
a ea orthorhombic, monoclinic le triclinic litsamaiso ho na le tse tharo tse lilepe kristale ea bolelele bo fapaneng. Double refraction tla etsahala directions ka ho fetisisa, empa ho tla be ba babeli optic lilepe (ditataiso tsa refraction ba masoha) hore li fapana ka tlwaetso ya mong le e mong ka thoko mefuta e lehakoe. liminerale tsa ditsamaiso tsa tsena li tsejoa e le biaxial. (In tsamaiso orthorhombic ea lilepe optic tšoanang le tšekamelo ea ho ea 'e c' (molao-motheo tsepameng kgosomanyomela), ha a ntse a karolong e ka monoclinic le triclinic ha ho na kamano e tobileng ba nang le lilepe tsa kristale.)
Birefringence
(Eo hape a bitsoa imene habeli refraction / DR) birefringence ke tjhelete ya imene habeli refraction ya anisotropic lehakoe hlalosoa e le phapang pakeng tsa indices refractive nakong karohano palo e kahodimodimo
Biwa liperela
non-nucleated rutehileng liperela (tseo hangata oval kapa baroque shahlile Japane) farmed ho pota-pota mabōpong a Letša la Biwa Japane. liperela li hōlileng ka ho se seholo mussels metsi a hloekileng ka ho kenyeletsa likaroloana tse nyenyane tsa seaparo sa ka holimo a kenya 'meleng oa mussel ea
sekoli
lentsoe le akaretsang bakeng sa phoso e leng ama holim 'a lehakoe e. sekoli A hangata a bakoang ke liketso tsa batho, ebang ke ha a ntse a lehakoe e ntse khaola kapa ha e ntse e tsofetseng a mabenyane. Mengoapo, likoting, 'me abrasions ke mefuta atileng ka ho fetisisa ea sekoli
liperela Blister
liperela tse koahetsoeng ka lehlakoreng le leng feela ke mokato nacreous e leng hōla lilemo tse fetang e halefisang sa mathomo a kopana le khetla mollusk. Ha liperela tse joalo li ntšitsoeng, sebaka seo se leng se neng a kopana le khetla e koaheloang ke letho la nacre. Ka lebaka leo lehlakoreng lena se nang letho hangata smoothed tima 'me patiloe ke boemo
tsotoang
tsotoang ke bongata kakaretso ea mo lekgotleng bonahatsa leseli le e khutlela leihlo ho tloha lehakoe eo. Ho seng jwalo e ka hlalosoa e le khanya (bophelo) ea lehakoe e le laolwang ke tjhelete ya leseli bonahatsa khutlisetsa ho leihlo ho tloha karolong e ka morao ea litšobotsi tse sa lejoe ea
Brittleness
brittleness e hlalosoa e le bofokoli a lehakoe e e leng ho sa tsotellehe thatafala eona, etsa hore ho bonolo ho fracture, tsenyo (mohlala, mocheso tšoaroa zircon)
leihlong Cat oa
sheba chatoyancy
Khubu ea lihloliloeng setshwani
e mong oa metsoako ea ditshwani, setsi sa setshwani ke le teng ha mong le e mong sefahleho sa kristale phethahetse fapane ka ho feletseng bo fapaneng le sefahleho tšoanang lehlakoreng le leng la kristale ea (khr, e mong le sefahleho na sefahleho 'ngoe eo ke e tšoanang, bo fapaneng le bapileng)
Chatoyancy
ke sesupo le phello tsoang sekametseng inclusions bapileng fibrous kapa (leihlong katse tsona) cavities. The streak se nang balekane ba leseli hlaha dikhutlo tokelo ea ho tataiso ea inclusions le e molemo ka ho fetisisa bone tlas'a e le 'ngoe holim'a leseli mohloling o ka majoe hore ba' nile ba khaola en Khao cabochon
Chelsea mmala rater
esalelo e entsoeng ka motsoako oa filter,, hahoa e joalo e lumella hore e 'meli feela dikarolo tsa moqotetsane tsa manyenyane hore e be bopaki bo bonahalang ka eona: bohloko bo tebileng khubelu (haufi 690nm) le tse tala mosehla (e haufi le 570nm). E na le thuso a bontšang ho ba teng ha google chrome kapa cobalt a mahakoe a itseng, kaha ho hlahlobeng (google chrome) hlahisa dae tse betliloeng majoeng 'me bakeng sa thepa ea arola ba bang lehakoe tsoang imitations ba atisang. Khopotso: Sebelisa e le pontšo e lemosang e loketseng feela. Bopaki bo itšetlehile liteko tse ling
Chromophore
(Colouring moemeli). Karolo ea molek'hule ea hore o ikarabella ho mmala e motsoako oa. E se teng e le boleng bo constituent ea bohlokoahali nakong ea lik'hemik'hale tse betliloeng majoeng idiochromatic kapa hoo e leng se hloeke accidentai a majoe allochromatic
tlhakisetso
ho sebelisitsoe lentsoe le sebelisoa ho hlalosa le tokoloho e lekanyelitsoeng tsoang sekoli leha e le sefe internai kapa irregularity (inclusions) a lehakoe e. tlhaloso ea ka boela atoloswa ho kenyeletsa bokaholimo likoli (likoli) ha ho hlahloba ka mokhoa o hlakileng kereiti ya lejoe
Color lihlopha
lihlopha le kakanyo feela e ka bapisoang le 'mala o bone holim'a lithollo kapa a hlalosa sebopeho internai holimo tsa majoe (bontsha gore go mekhahlelo sebeletsa kholo bakoang ke ho se tšoane ka fumaneha lik'hemik'hale, sephalli, mocheso, khatello le lintho tse ling)
Color a mahakoe
mokhoa o bonahalang temoho ea constituents e be e leng leseli o mosoeu ka aroloa (kgubedu, o kang oa lamunu, o mosehla, o motala, o moputsoa, bopherese) hammoho le boikutlo oa lintho tse pherese o sa fumanoa a manyenyane a letsatsi. Color e hlalositsoeng ke mala ona, ho tlala le modumo. 'Mala oa' mele oa lehakoe e le tsoa ea leseli leo ka sebele e bonoa hammoho le ho ba lebaka la absorption ea wavelengths tse itseng tsa leseli bonahalang. Color ka boela bakoang ke qhalakana sa kena-kenane ba hlahise khanya le khanyang
Color bopa dikgaolo
mmala bopa dikgaolo develops nakong kholo ea kristale ea ka lebaka la ho concentrations dumellaneng ea manya. The diphapano ka 'mala (lihlopha kapa ka libaka) ba ka tloaelo bone ho latela lifahlehong teng kristale
taka likarolo
Hloaee absorption ea leseli ka lebaka la ho ba teng ha lirafshoa phetoho ea (google chrome, cobalt, koporo, vanadium, a mankanese, tšepe, nikele, thaethaniamo) tse betliloeng majoeng idiochromatic le allochromatic
diseke
diseke na le moelelo o e tšoanang le e meholohali le e sebelisoa haholo-holo ha lithollo tsa bontša ho se pontso ea likaroloana mehaho (mohlala, fme-grained jadeite a jade)
le likarolo tse ngata lehakoe
sheba bokane lehakoe
Conch liperela
pinki liperela: liperela fumana ho tswa ho conch a maholo, e mollusk univalve fumanoa lebōpong la Florida, lekhalo la California le Mexico. liperela tsena ka tloaelo pinki (pinki o kang oa lamunu kapa o mosoeu) mebala le ba tšoauoa ka ho hloka barbotage nacreous
Conchoidal
sheba fracture
Nketele tamorphic
ea recrystallization ya diteng tsa diminerale ea mafika pele ho ea bileng teng ho sona kapa e haufi ea etelang makala ikopanye ka lebaka la ho ba teng ha magmas
Contact lefahla
mofuta o mong oa kristale twinning e leng lipuo tseo batho ba li ikopanye hammoho sefofane se tloaelehileng le sebelisoang malapeng (sefofane lefahla). The likarolo tse peli tsa kristale tse joalo li kahoo amanang hore haeba karolo e 'ngoe e rotated pholletsa 180 ° (a halofo lehlakoreng le leng) e mabapi le kgosomanyomela e (le lefahla le kgosomanyomela) ka nako eo ea dihalofo tse pedi tsa tla etsa sebopeho sa ea kristale ka bomong. The ikopanye lefahla teng mefuta e 'meli: ikopanye se nang balekane ba mafahla-moo 2 dihalofo ea kristale e ke e le hore se mo khutlisetsang bocheng e le hore haeba halofo e' ngoe e rotated 180 ° mabapi sefofane ea ikopanya, sebopeho sa kristale tloaelehile e fumanweng; pheta, polysynthetic kapa lammelar mafahla-e leng mofuta o mong oa kristale twinning comprising letoto la mafahla ikopanye hangata a etsa lipoleiti otile haholo. Tsena li lokisetsa a tlwaetso bo fapaneng ho baahelani ba bona hang-hang (mohlala, joalokaha e fumanoa ka corundum le feldspar). Sheba mafahla boetse interpenetrant
mahlonoko angle
ea angle incidence moo ho lehlaseli la leseli e tsamaeang ho tloha ke sa optically denser ho seaplane a fumanehe ka seoelo e refracted nakong 90 ° ho ea ho tloaelehile (khr, e skims holim 'a mecha ea litaba e' meli a ikopanye). Ela hloko: leha e le efe eketsa tlhahiso ea phaella ho se angle ena ea incidence tla etsa hore ea ray, refracted ho furalla ho kena ka har'a seaplane sa mathomo moo e ne e tla ikamahanya le melao ea ponahatso (khr, e ne e tla ka ho feletseng lekgotleng bonahatsa.)
Cryptocrystalline
(Crypto = patiloe). Ho sebelisitsoe lentsoe le sebelisoa ho hlalosa boitsebiso bo bongata entsoeng ka palo e maholohali a kristale se senyenyane hangata-potlana nyenyane eaba ba etsa e boima har'a maemo ao. -Potlana nyenyane kristale aggregate ka hlaha amorphous ho ka mahlo
Crystal
e kristale ke lik'hemik'hale junifomo o tiileng e nang le laela internai sebopeho sa athomo le mokhoa oa eona a hlahang kantle potapotoeng ke symmetrically lokisetsa sefofane se lifahlehong (bataletseng)
foromo kristale
e leng sebopeho kristale na le saleh lifahlehong bao tse tsela e tšoanang tse amanang le ho lilepe crystallographic (mohlala, phiramite, porisime, pinacoid, Dome)
mokhoeng kristale
dibopeho kristale (foromo, le dipharologantsho tsa bokaholimo) e leng lipuo tseo ka tlwaelo liminerale etsahala li bitsoa senya mekhoa e metle ea bona kristale
inclusions kristale
kristale inclusions a identifiable ka mabitso a tsona ho likhutlong batlang e angular le metshetshe batlang e otlolohile. metshetshe makukuno le mefuta e lekaneng hanyenyane boetse a kopana le ka lebaka la ho reabsorption ea inclusions eo. (Kristale inclusions ka tlwaelo bontša fihlang a imoloha hakaakang khahlanong phofu ea semelo sa ha nkoa tlas'a darkfield khanya. Ba ka hlahloba ka ho sebedisa polars tšela.)
Crystal setshwani
kristale setshwani bua ka paterone e leka-lekaneng ea mohaho oo athomo. Ke hore li ikatise tobileng (se bale ponahalo) lifahleho tsa tshwanang le kristale (metshetshe likhutlong) hore bontsha laela hare tokisetso ea boleng ba ya.
bonaletsang
bonaletsang disebediswa tsa ka tlhaloso e diminerale o tiileng bao ions, liathomo kapa limolek'hule tse lokisetsa ka tsela e hlophisehile. Ka go ikatisetsa, lentsoe le atisa ho sebelisoa ha ho hlalosoa dintho nang kaheho kamehla le thepa ea directional empa se hakaalo hore e tse hlahang kantle thutatekanyo sebopeho sefe
lilepe Crystallographic
tsena ke meleng e ka ba inahanelang ho lekanya bolelele sa lekanyetsoang mathang ho pholletsa le
sebaka se setle kristale tse itseng directions tobileng mabapi le ea setshwani ea kristale eo. Ba intersect e bohareng ba kristale a ho ntlha bitsoa ka tšimoloho. (Ba nang le mela e ya referense ho tloha e ka lekanya sebaka se selelele lekanyelitsoeng 'me tšekamelo ea lifahleho tsa tse fapa-fapaneng.)
liperela rutehileng
liperela rutehileng ba formations pearly feletseng kapa mokhoa o sa fellang bakoang
ke ho kenella ha ea mokhatlo o fanang ka botho ho kena ka hare tsa mefuta itseng ea likhofu e behang. Hona ho sebetsa ho liperela rutehileng hore na ka kapa ntle le khubu e
Cyst liperela
e perela o thehoa ka hare ho 'mele oa perela mollusk le e spheroid shahlile
Dendritic kenyelletsoa ha lintlha
sefate seo-joaloka kapa boriba-joaloka mobile crack tlatsang (moo inclusions tse bonahalang tse fapaneng ka 'na Fîl khefu -. tloaelo oxide e tsepe)
Divitrify
ho amoha oa benya 'me le kang khalase transluceny. (Mabapi le sehlahiswa khalase bitsoa Meta a jade - ke ke tsoelo-pele ea crystallization incipient)
Dichroscope
ea dichroscope e kofuto e leng lumella liphello pleochroic oa liminerale lehakoe le hlokomeloe, mebala e 'meli kapa shades ea mmala ka nako
Diffraction
ea diffraction la leseli ke e khethehileng foromo ya tshitiso khanya a e leng leseli o mosoeu e robehileng fihlang (petsoha) ho kena ka mebala e ea eona ea motsoako joaloka leseli le fetisa ka ho lesoba monyenyane kapa ha maqhubu a leseli fetisa bohale e pakeng tsa tsela e fapaneng refracting dintho (mohlala, tse bapala mebala bonoa Opal ba bohlokoa boo)
hasana
hasana e karohano (tlōla fihlang) ya leseli o mosoeu ho kena mebala e spectral ke refraction (the kobeha la leseli) joalokaha leseli feta bokaholimo ba babeli sekametse. A mahakoe e atisa ho bitsoa 'mollo'
Double refractive
anisotropic - liminerale bontša directional thepa ea Optical (mohlala, majoe a sa tetragonal, hexagonal trigonal, orthorhombic, monoclinic le triclinic litsamaiso)
motlakase manyenyane
ho sebelisitsoe lentsoe le sebelisoang bakeng sa fapaneng eohle ea wavelengths matla a phatsimang tsoang maqhubu telele ka ho fetisisa-le-moea ho pholletsa le khutsoanyane fetisisa wavelengths marang
Metsoako ea setshwani
metsoako ea setshwani ke ea ka mokhoa oa classifi-ealogy bakeng sa litsamaiso tse supileng kristale. Li disebediswa ho re nolofalletsa ho arola le ho hlalosa mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea sebopeho se tshwanang kristale. Li akarelletsa sefofane se ea ditshwani, e kgosomanyomela ea setshwani le setsi sa setshwani (sheba litlhaloso tlas'a Listings ka bomong)
Eluvium
eluvial lutseng mobung bopilwe maloanlahla lefika (lehlohlojane) oo o 'nile a bo sentse (weathered tsoa) tsoang phofu ea lefika le ntse a situ (a place) ntle le hlahetsoeng ke lipalangoang a linōka
Emit
ho fana ka kapa tima ho tsoa (mohlala, leseli)
Enantiomorphism
kaheho ea limolek'hule tsa quartz e fanang ka hlahisa polelo e tloaelehileng ka ho le letsehali le se nepahetseng ho letsohong sebeletsa kholo spiral ea quartz, 'me ho karohanyo ea oona chitja. (Hlokomela: Ho bewa ga lifahlehong se senyenyane auxillary tse khafetsa bonahalang tse hlahang kantle foromo thusa khetholla letshehadi kapa le letona handedness ea kristale ea)
ntlafatswa
sheba kalafo maiketsetso
inclusions Epigenetic
ngolang inclusions mehleng ena. Bao e leng hlahile ka mor'a ho thehoa ha phofu ea kristale. Tsena li akarelletsa mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea mapetsong le inclusions diminerale thehoa ke exsolution (mohlala, rutile silika a corundum); se ke a letho oli / opticon, joalo-joalo, mesaletsa a fracture tlala mahakoe.
Exsolution inclusions
sheba exsolved
Exsolved
ea unmixing oa liminerale. Ba bang ba lipara oa liminerale theha litharollo tse tiileng nakong thempereichara e phahameng 'me ba sa tsitsang nakong thempereichara e tlaase. Ha tsena pholile butle diminerale 'ngoe e ka o qobelloang ho tsoa ha kaheho neng a amohetse moeti pholisa le litumellano, ka ho toba pepeta manya ho kena bobuelli lolea moo ba crystallize (mohlala, rutile nale (silika) a corundum)
Fela
fela ke ho ba sieo ha leseli khutlela leihlo. Sena se etsa hore lejoe ho hlaha lefifi 'me a haelloa ke billiance
mabitso tšobotsi
mahakoe faceted na moqhaka (karolo e itseng ya top ka holimo ho bophahamo senyepa sa), tafole (karolong e bohareng tšobotsi ea moqhaka), senyepa (the karolo e lejoe le leholo ka ho fetisisa pherimitha kapa moeli hlahang kantle), e pavilion (karolong e tlaase-tlaase ka tlaase ho bophahamo ba senyepa sa ). litšobotsi tse ling tsohle ka 'na ea fapana ka boholo ba tsona, maqhubu a kapa esita boteng ho itšetlehile ka ho itšeha setaele sebelisoa. Ka mohlala, ka tekanyetso talima mohato-khaola (emeralde sehiloeng) majoe culet (se senyenyane tšobotsi botlaaseng ba pavilion ea) e nkeloa sebaka ke mola keel (mola o molelele extending hammoho e le setsi sa botlaaseng ba pavilion ea)
bokaholimo ba matsoele bohata
sheba arohana
masiba kenyelletsoa ha lintlha
sefofane se ea cavities motsotso tseo ka tloaelo li hlaha e le letšoele la dikarolo tse motle molamu-joaloka ea intercommunicating dikanale (hangata mokelikeli tlala).
Fibrous
Lebitso fuoa boitsebiso bo bongata moo ho nang le lithollo tse constituent nale e bōpehileng joaloka (mohlala, asbestos, nephrite a jade)
inclusions menoana
tsena ka boela ka tsejoang e le masiba pholiso le bopilwe interconnecting marangrang dikanale mokelikeli tletseng 'me marotholi tšoanang e menoana. Hangata lebaka la litharollo diminerale butle-butle filtara e kena ka mobile crack pele ho ea bileng teng naheng e ka kenang kristale se a ntse a thehoa, 'me ho phekola ba lepetsong. Boemo bo ile ba e meng moo ditshebetso tse joalo ho ka etsahala ke nakong ya kalafo futhumatsa ntlo mocheso. Menwana tloaelehileng lirubi tšoaroa
fihlela qetellong
fihlela qetellong bua ka boleng bo faceting oa lehakoe le e ahloloa ke tekanyo e oa khanye, kamehla, 'me flatness ea e mong le tšobotsi
khanyang
khanyang ke ntshiwa ba leseli bopaki bo bonahalang ke mahakoe a 'nileng a pepesa ho radiations bopaki bo bonahalang kapa e sa bonahaleng ea wavelength e khutsoanyane (eneji e phahameng)
Fracture
fracture ke ladica i kamehla kapa a thuhang 'lejoe
lehakoe
e lejoe la bohlokoa oa mofuta ofe kapa ofe, khaola le e bentšitsoeng bakeng mokhabiso (perela e le mokhelo hlokomelehang ho tse hlokahalang hore motho e qetellang). A lehakoe ke tlhaloso e 'ngoe eo a nang le tsona botle, tšoarella' me fumanoa seoelo
Glass
khalase eo poleloana e sebelisoa ho dintho tse bōptjoa ke qhibiliha 'me tsidifatso e potlakileng ea dintho diminerale, ho fellang ka ho thehoa ha boitsebiso bo bongata amorphous. Glass ka ba maiketsetso (manmade, ka linako tse ling ho thoeng ke ho peista) kapa ho feta ka seoelo, mohlala oa tlhaho, obsidian (foqoha khalase), tektites (nahana hore ke meteoric fafatse products)
morema
morema ke leseli mak'halate mahoashe-grained intrusive igneous lefika entsoe haholo ka ho quartz, feldspar le Mica
keketseho e bileng teng lebanta
lihlopha bobebe le leso kudu meleng e otlolohile nakong dikhutlo hore latela mohlala oa mehaho diminerale ea
Habit
sebopeho khethollang e leng lipuo tseo diminerale ka ho fetisisa ka tloaelo se hlahile. Habit eseng feela akarelletsa foromo hlahang kantle ho tloaelehile hore amohetsweng diminerale empa ho boetse ho tlwaelegileng tse di bokaholimo liphello haesita
Hackly
sheba fracture
Halo kenyelletsoa ha lintlha
kristale kenyelletsoa ha lintlha pota-potiloe ke ho imeloa kelellong mobile crack (s). Tsena ka boela shebahala joaloka serurubele le mapheo a mabeli a tsoang tsa kristale akarelletsa (e leng hangata ho zircon)
thatafala
thatafala ke matla diminerale a e-na ho hanela scratching (abrasion). Bona le Moh oa tekanyo e
Healing mapetsong
folisa mapetsong (mapetsong kapa cleavages) moo e mokelikeli kena qhetsolang le kristale hōla morao 'moho. Hangata likarolo tse ling tsa mokelikeli ba qabeletsoe ka har'a cavities le dikanale bakang feathery kapa menoana-joaloka dipaterone (ka linako tse ling tsepe-stained)
Hue
mala ona o bua ka lebitso la mmala ka boeona: e hloekileng spectral sensations mofubelu, o kang oa lamunu, o mosehla, o motala, o moputsoa, bopherese le mekete e fapaneng ea tsena. Hue boetse o bua ka boikutlo oa lintho tse pherese (mahareng bofubedu le bopherese), e ha e fumanoa manyenyane a letsatsi
Hydrothermal
mafika behiloeng, hangata a methati ea ho qetela ea tiisetso igneous tsoang seretse se chesang ruileng metsi le lintho tse ling ho hloka botsitso. The methapong hydrothermal ea diminerale barui litharollo filthara pholletsa likheo le mapetsong a mafika sedimentary le foromo kristale lined cavities a lefika
Idiochromatic
ha elements phetohong eo ke constituent bohlokoa ho hlophisa boitsebiso ba lehakoe, lintho tse bonahalang tse lehakoe ke idiochromatic (idio = boithati, ban o thanh hoa = mmala)
qoelisoa seleng
seleng e nyenyane khalase bakeng sa nang le sephalli loketseng. Molao-motheo sebelisa qoelisoa ka seleng ke hore refractive index of mokelikeli ke ho lejoe, ho ba bonolo e tla ba ho bona ho kena lejoe. Hoo e ka bang leha e le efe mokelikeli colorless, esita metsi, e tla rema bokaholimo ponahatso 'me u etse ho sheba inclusions bonolo haholo
a situ
disebediswa tsa kopana le boemong seo ho sona ho qalong e ne e thehoa kapa beha e re ho ka fumanoa situ (ka ho toba e ka place)
kenyelletsoa ha lintlha
lentsoe le akaretsang bakeng sa sekoli leha e le sefe kapa irregularity ka hare ho lehakoe e. Inclusions ka aroloa mefuta e meraro tse fapaneng: tiileng oa-bao ka bobeli bonaletsang (mohlala, zircon a safire) kapa bao e seng bonaletsang (mohlala, khalase tlhaho peridot) lia khoneha. Cavities-tsena ka 'na theha nakong ea neng a amohetse moeti mahakoe sebeletsa kholo (inclusions sa mathomo), kapa hamorao (inclusions sekondari). Ebang ke mofuta wa ka tlala motsoako leha e le efe ea mokelikeli, khase le kapa tiileng. Ba nang le mekhahlelo e 'meli kapa ho feta li bitsoa multiphase. Keketseho e bileng teng liketsahalo mebala e bopa dikgaolo le twinning ke mehlala bobeli ba liketsahalo sebeletsa kholo
go la la
sebelisa'ng ho go la la ka tlaase mona khubelu 'me sena se letoto la mahlaseli a kotsi ho qala ka wavelengths hore na e telele ho feta 700nm la leseli khubelu. mahlaseli a go la la tloaelo e tsejoang e le futhumatsa ntlo hobane e hlahisa boikutlo mofuthu ha e otlang tlolela ea rona
tshitsiso
moo mahlaseli a ba babeli ba tsamaeang tseleng e tšoanang, empa ho tsoa motheo (mohato oa), baa kena-kenana le e 'ngoe e' ngoe ho etsa hore ebang tjhelete yohle pheliso ea leseli kapa ea pele ho busa ba bang mebala e 'ngoe kapa ho feta
lipalo sa kena-kenane
tsena ke liphello Optical bone ha imene habeli liminerale refractive ba shejoa ka lifahlehong bapileng a convergent lehlaseli la khanya le polarized. Ba kgona fumane boitsebiso bo nang le thuso mabapi le semelo sa Optical ea lejoe
mafahla Interpenetrant
mofuta o mong oa kristale twinning e leng lipuo tseo batho ba babeli ba joalo hōlileng hammoho e le hore ho bonahala eka ba phunyelletsa mong ho e mong (tseo hangata hlahisa sefapano kapa naleli majoe)
Iridescence
iridescence kapa ho bapala 'mala o hlalosa' mala kapa letoto la mebala e hlahisoang ke kgohlano kapa diffraction ha leseli e bonahatsoa mohlomong tse tsoang lifilimi tšesaane kapa ho tswa ho sebopeho sa e ikhethang ea Opal ba bohlokoa boo
Isomorphous phetolo
ea tloswa sa e 'ngoe ea lik'hemik'hale elements e mong oa valency tšoanang lik'hemik'hale. Sena se fella ka diphapano ka bophara a makgetha a ho kula 'meleng oa litho tsa letoto la lihlooho tse. Valency: ba boemong bo tsoanang k'hemik'hale lintho tsa tlhaho 'me radius ionic
Isotropic
sheba singly refractive
Keshi rutehileng liperela
ka tlhaho etsahalang non-nucleated metsi a hloekileng liperela e leng theha a mollusk e ha e khutlela metsi ka mor'a ho tlosa ya mbuma ea bao e seng nucleated liperela rutehileng. Tsena hase lokela ho ferekanngoa le phelang metsing peo pearis tse ka tlwaelo nyenyane haholo. The metsi a hloekileng `keshi 'ba feela ho thoeng hobane ba tšoanang le ba ha ba eketsehile ho tloha ho e khubu maiketsetso. Ka linako tse ling ho thoeng ke `seedless 'liperela ho etsa phapang le bao e seng nucleated. Bona le Biwa liperela
Keshi liperela (phelang metsing)
ea Japanese pitso ea peo liperela `keshi '(poppie). Mokhatlo mona ke e kholo pakeng tsa saese nyenyane ea lipeo Poppy le nyenyane haholo liperela ka tlhaho ha thehoa
Konoscope
e polariscope loketseng e nang le lense ka matla convergent e thusang bebofatsa mosebetsi wa ho boha ho ea lipalo sa kena-kenane
Lamellae inclusions
bakoang ke twinning polysynthetic. Ka hlaha joalokaha foufatsa kapa sebeletsang pepeneneng tlhapi-line. Ba ka 'na e boetse e hlaha ho kopana ka mahlakoreng (mohlala, a corundum moo directions kopana)
mobu Lateritic
lumellanoang ka eona tsone (entsoe ka likhechana lefika le limela) e tswang ho khetheha basait bole (a motle grained lefifing leo seretse se chesang lefika ruileng tšepe le magnesium, e leng bulehile haholo ho liphello tsa lik'hemik'hale bosa a e tlelaemete e chesang e mongobo)
Luminescence
lentsoe le akaretsang bakeng sa ho fana ka tima bo bonahalang `khanya e batang 'ka boleng ba holim fumana keketso matla a foromo e le' ngoe kapa motho e mong. The liketsahalo melao-motheo ea lilemo li hlano luminescent ke: chemi-luminescence (lebaka la phetoho ea lik'hemik'hale), tribo-luminescence (hlahisoang ke khohlano), thermo-luminescence (hlahisoang ke futhumatsa ntlo), photo¬luminescence (hlahisoang ke radiations bopaki bo bonahalang kapa tse sa bonahaleng oa matla e phahameng / e khutsoanyane wavelength) le cathodoluminescence (tlisoang ke ho nyakallo e nang le elektrone toloki a phaposing lephaka)
benya
benya ke lenane le boleng ba a khanya eo e bonahatsoa tsoang holim 'a lejoe le. Dipehelo latelang li sebelisetsoa ho hlalosa lehakoe lusters: metallic: phahameng benya bontšoa ke opaque liminerale metallic. adamantine: phahameng bokaholimo reflectivity. vitreous: khalase joaloka benya tse tloaelehileng ya bongata ba mahakoe. boroku: tse tloaelehileng benya ea halogenated (bonojoana nang kwa tlase RI). waxy: hoo e ka bang matte bokaholimo (ka linako tse ling bitsoa greasy). greasy: hanyenyane mafura batla bakiloeng ke ho qhalana ha leseli ke bokaholimo microscopically halefile. pearly: benya ha perela / me oa ka-of-perela. silky: fibrous benya bo hlollang ba silika
Mabe (rutehileng) liperela
le likarolo tse ngata rutehileng blister liperela tseo re ka ithutang khubu sa mathomo e se e tlosoa 'me nkeloa sebaka ke sefaha e nyenyane tiisa,' me le sekotoana Dome e bōpehileng joaloka di mother- of-perela glued ho botlaaseng ba yona ba ho koahela sebakeng sa haelloe ke nacre
seretse se chesang
entsoeng ka ho qhibilihisoa (mokelikeli) lefika
ruteha habonolo
sebelisa'ng ho bonolo ho ea nang le bokhoni ba ho atoloswa kapa bōpehileng joaloka ke shapa nang hamore kapa ke khatello ea rollers
Entsoeng ke motho
e entsoeng ke motho sehlahiswa sa ka tlhaloso e le 'ngoe e' nileng ea synthesized a laboratori e. (Ho synthesize ke ho beha hammoho kapa kopana likarolo ho ea kena rarahaneng oohle oa). Me phello ea hona bofelo bo ka 'na ba lehakoe maiketsetso (khr, e mong o nang le mphato tsa tlhaho) kapa e lehakoe la maiketsetso (khr, e mong hore ha e na mphato tsa tlhaho)
setonanahali
ho sebelisitsoe lentsoe le sebelisoa ho hlalosa e leng hlophisa boitsebiso ba nang le tsona tseo e leng e tiileng ea internai sebopeho sa kristale, empa ha bontša ntle thutatekanyo sebopeho se setle. Sena se ka ho botjwa diyuniti 'ngoe (mohlala, a ema quartz) kapa ho feta kristale (mohlala, jadeite)
Mettalic
sheba benya
Metamict
poleloana e reng sebediswa bakeng sa boitsebiso bo bongata o ile a utloa bohloko ka a etsa khefu-theoha e bonaletsang boemong tjhajilwe amorphous; a atile liminerale tse nang le mahlaseli a kotsi thepa ea (mohlala, le tlaase mofuta wa zircon)
mafika Metamorphic
metamorphic (ho toba, a fetola ka sebopeho) mafika li thehoa ho tloha mafika pele ho ea bileng teng haholo-holo ke ketso eo ba hatelloa, mocheso le / kapa ho buelloa ha dintho tse ntjha tsa lik'hemik'hale
Meteriki carat (CT)
e 'ngoe meteriki carat = bohlano e' ngoe ea grama (0.20gr) kapa 200 milligrams (mg,). A carat meteriki ke yuniti ya boima ba 'mele bakeng sa mahakoe saleh le liperela rutehileng. boima ba 'mele e bontša hore libakeng tse peli mesa le ditesimale ba atisa ho loosely bitsoa' lintlha tse ', ke hore,, 1 meteriki carat = lintlha tse 100
ya microscope
kofuto Optical e entsoeng ka motsoako oa lilense e leng hlahisa setšoantšo tlotlisoa ea ntho e itseng. Tseo tse ling tsa sebelisa mokhoa oa ho bohlokoa le ho feta oa magnification: kenyeletso ithuta (tsa tlhaho vs entsoeng ke motho; screen reader mode wa sebopeho / sebeletsa kholo kristale); bokaholimo ba ngotse hlahlobo (boleng ba khaoloe (setshwani), ho bentsa (dipehelo tsa litšobotsi tse, firemarks); phumano ea majoe le likarolo tse ngata; boitsebahatso ea phekolo maiketsetso; utloa ka hlaseloa habonolo ke sa senyeha haholo (mohlala, boteng ba fracture le / kapa bokaholimo ba matsoele); lemoha doubling (SR vs. .DR, le ka bontša palo ya birefringence)
diminerale
diminerale e ke ka tlhaho etsahalang boleng ba inorganic ho ba le sebopeho k'hemik'hale le thepa ea lintho tsa nama kapa tse sa khaotseng ka hare ho meeli moqotetsane. sebopeho sa eona ke ka tlwaelo bonaletsang
leseli Monochromatic
monochromatic leseli ke leseli la wavelength 'ngoe feela. The maemo a mosehla leseli monochromatic sebediswa bakeng sa litekanyo Refractometer le tsoa lebone sodium mouoane. Sena ha e le hantle e na le mela e mmedi haufi-ufi haholo spaced ntshiwa, bao latela boleng ba bolele e 589.3nm
inclusions Multiphase
inclusions tse ka fupere mokelikeli le khase le / kapa kristale
Nacre
e secretion hlahisoang ke seaparo sa ka holimo oa ketso e itseng mefuta itseng ea likhofu e leng e bopa ya dikarolo iridescent ea ba batlang liperela le 'mè-of-perela' ngoe holim'a metsi ka har'a khetla mollusk. Nacre na le bonaletsang carbonate ea kalaka le manyolo e disebediswa tsa bitsoa conchiolin
Namometers (NM)
yuniti ya tekanyo wavelengths e khutsoanyane ea manyenyane motlakase (tlale thabo eneji). 1 nanometer = 1 millioneth karolo ea mokhatlo oa millimeter (1 / 1,000,000 NM) mohlala, bopaki bo bonahalang leseli oela pakeng tsa 700nm (kgubedu) le 400nm (bopherese)
letsoalloa sehiloeng
ho sebelisitsoe lentsoe le sebelisoang bakeng sa setaele ea sehiloeng khethiloeng bakeng sa palo e kahodimodimo boima ba 'mele tshegetsa le go tlotla. Majoe ana e tebileng sehiloeng nang pavilions kholo hangata hloka
recutting ba fihle dilekanyetso hamolemo ho
nyahamisang a kristale
cavities linaheng tse kopaneng tsa mahakoe ho ba le bonaletsang sebopeho. cavities tsena li ile tsa bōptjoa ha libaka tse itseng hōla ka lebelo ka potlako ho feta libakeng tse ling, eaba ba etsa le enclosing e hlokisa kapa moo ka ntho e etsisoang kenyelletsoa ha lintlha tsa kristale 'nile qhibiliha tsoa (kristale nyahamisang a atisa ho hlahella bobebe ho feta neng a amohetse moeti oa bona tlas'a darkfield khanya)
nyahamisang a kenyelletsoa ha lintlha
e kenyelletsoa ha lintlha tse fosahetseng sebaka e ka 'na khase kapa mokelikeli tlala kapa li na sebaka se senyenyane sa tiileng oa kenyelletsoa ha lintlha (sheba kristale boetse bo sa khothatseng)
nyahamisang a ho bala
haeba lejoe tlas'a teko ya refractometer e-na le ho R.1 ka holimo ho lethathama la seletsa, ha ho moriti o bohale tla bonoa (ntle le ea ikopanye mokelikeli)
Non-bonaletsang
liminerale le lintho tse ling re ke bao e seng bonaletsang kapa amorphous (ho toba, ntle le foromo) ha ba Jack e hlophisehileng internai kaheho le e geometrically oa kamehla ka ntle ponahalo (mohlala, diminerale dintho, Opal le likhalase, hammoho le thepa ea manyolo)
Non-o mosoeu leseli
leseli non-o mosoeu (khr, 'mala oa) o hlalosoa ka ho ya ka' mala o eona (khr, 'mala oa wavelength ea oona ea pele ho tse hlaheletseng), ho tlala (botebo kapa matla a' mala o muso o hlaheletseng) le ho etsa modumo (moriting-leseling ho lefifing leo)
Normal
a optics saleh dikhutlo ke tekanyo e sa tlwaelehang, e moleng oa inahanelang huleloa nakong dikhutlo nepahetseng (90 fihle moo ea ray, ea hlaselang holim 'eseng ho tloha holim' boeona
Optic kgosomanyomela
e tataiso ea refraction se nang balekane ka hare ho e kristale ho seng joalo doubly refractive o tsejoa e le boleng bo kgosomanyomela optic
sebapali Optic
sheba lintho tsa tlhaho optic
Optic mokhabo chitja
khalase chitja loketseng ho molamu khutsoanyane tseo e leng bohato e le condensing lense ho thusa boikemisetsong sa kena-kenane dipaterone bone hammoho e kgosomanyomela optic a hlophisa boitsebiso ba anisotropic
Optic lintho tsa tlhaho
optic mofuta diminerale e: liminerale tse arotsoe ka uniaxial, biaxial le isotropic (optic sebapali). Uniaxial le biaxial liminerale tse ling tse ka hlahang subdivided ho kena bao e leng optically khothatsang le bao e leng optically nyahamisang a (optic pontso)
Optic pontso
sheba lintho tsa tlhaho optic
Optical segokanyipalo
segokanyipalo Optical ke thepa e rarahaneng e leng demonstates boeona a sa re khoehlise la leseli. (Sheba boetse refraction)
dihlahiswa tsa Organic
dihlahiswa tsa manyolo ke thepa ea bao hlahisoang ke mosebetsi oa lintho tse phelang
Bochabela (ha perela)
ea iridescent bokaholimo Sheen ea batlang liperela lehakoe le 'mè oa-oa-perela. E bakiloeng ke sa kena-kenane la leseli nakong lifilimi tšesaane (lipoleiti tšesaane tsa lera nacreous) le ke diffraction tswa ho metshetshe o motle oa lipoleiti tse
liperela Oriental
tshebediso ya mefuta lentsoe lena e felle feela e hlalosang liperela tsa tlhaho fumanoa mefuta itseng ea likhofu sait metsi a Persia Gulf. Leha ho le joalo, ho 'nile la khoebo eketsehileng kakaretso moetlo oa hore tlelaseng saleh saltwater liperela tsa tlhaho joaloka linaheng tsa bochabela
arohana
arohana ke taboha seo se etsahala hammoho sefofane se motho oa fokola, ho e-na le lifofane tsa hammoho tšoanang ho lifahlehong kristale, kapa ho ka khonehang
kristale tobane, joalokaha e etsahala bokaholimo ba matsoele (e tsejoang hape e le bokaholimo ba matsoele bohata)
Pearl lijo-thollo
perela ea lijo-thollo ke maemo a yuniti bakeng perela bekha 1 lijo-thollo = 0.25 carat (1 CT = 4grains)
liperela
liperela tse formations tsa tlhaho secreted phoso 'me ntle ho thuso ea mokhatlo o fanang ka leha e le efe ea motho, a hare-hare ho mefuta itseng ea likhofu. Ba entsoe ka e mokelikeli manyolo (a scleroprotein bitsoang conchiolin) le la khalsiamo carbonate (eo hangata e leng ka mokgwa wa aragonite) lokisetsa a le dikarolo concentric, ea outermost ea tse boholo ba nacreous
Pearly
sheba benya
Pegmatites
igneous lefika la leruo la mahoashe hangata e nang le matsoai etsahala seoelo, ho akarelletsa le kristale e kholo ea mahakoe (mohlala, Beryl, chrysoberyl, feldspar, quartz, spessartite Garnet)
Phosphorescence
phosphorescence ke ha e le hantle lieha khanyang (khr, ke afterglow). E ile ea tsoela pele e ntshiwa ba leseli bopaki bo bonahalang ka mor'a mohloli oa mahlaseli a energizing e felile
Photoluminescence
photoluminescence ke lentsoe kopanetsweng bakeng khanyang le phosphorescence. Ke phello bontšitse ke thepa ea mekhoa e itseng ea ho hlahisa leseli bopaki bo bonahalang holim hore le pepesoe ho wavelength mahlaseli a khutsoanyane (mohlala, radiations motlakase a e bonahalang (bolou), mahlaseli 'me x-ray, karolo ea manyenyane ea)
bo supang
likaroloana tse nyenyane feela tse fumanoang joalokaha inclusions. Ha tsena li le teng ka bongata ba ka 'na ba joaloka leru hlalosoa le ho sebeletsa pepeneneng ea lejoe ka litsebeng
lutseng mobung Placer
placer lutseng mobung bopilwe concentrations holim 'a liminerale tsa bohlokoa tsa ea phahameng khoheli tse tobileng tseo (le tšoarella) oo entseng ke weathering oa lefika motsoali,' me maemong a mangata, o ile nile isoa ke molatsoana kapa leqhubu le nke khato e molemo
Sefofane se ea setshwani
e mong oa metsoako ea setshwani; sefofane se ea setshwani ke sefofane se inahanelang e leng arola mele likarolo tse peli e le hore e mong le e karolong e sa hlahellang (seiponeng) setšoantšo sa karolo e meng (khr, karolo ka 'ngoe e e tobileng e bapileng mphato oa meng)
dipolasetiki
lebitso le akaretsang bakeng sa 'maloa a manyolo dintho entsoeng ke motho (hangata lehoakhoa thehiloeng polymer) e ka extruded kapa bōptjoa ke futhumatsa ntlo le / kapa ho hatelloa ke batho
Play mebala
poleloana e reng bapala mebala e hlalosa letoto la lihlooho tse mebala bone ha leseli e bonahatsoa tsoang lifilimi tšesaane kapa ho tswa ho bonngoeng manifold-joaloka sebopeho sa Opal bohlokoa. E hlahisoang ke diffraction (pshatloa ka leseli o mosoeu ho kena mebala e ea eona ea motsoako joalokaha leseli le fetisa ka ho lesoba nyenyane) e karolong e khethehileng foromo ya tshitiso ya leseli
Pleochroism
pleochroism (ho toba, ba bangata 'mala o) ke lentsoe le akaretsang sebelisoa ho hlalosa mebala e fapaneng directional e ka bonoa e itseng ea majoe' mala o arola hore leseli (khr, ba doubly refracting) ka lebaka la ho sebopeho sa ba bona ba ka hare kristale. Ho akarelletsa ho dichroism (tse peli mebala) le trichroism (mararo mebala)
Polariscope
ea polariscope ke kofuto e entsoeng ka diyuniti tse pedi tse bakeng sa tlhahiso ya sefofane se polarized leseli lokisetsa nang le sethala rotating pakeng tsa bona. Ho tobana le liteko sesebediswa feela hore na kapa ha boitsebiso bo bongata e singly kapa doubly refractive
itšoare ka Polariscope
singly refractive-disebediswa tsa ntse lefifing leo ho pholletsa e 360 ° hlorisoe. Haeba boitsebiso bo tlas'a khatello internai ho ka 'na a bontša anomalous (bohata) imene habeli refraction (ADR), eo ka tloaelo a mokgwa wa lihlopha wavy kapa likoatipa tsoeng. Double refractive-majoe khaola ho tloha kristale le e 'ngoe ho ba le maemo a' nè tsa leseli le maemo a tse 'ne tsa lefifi. Bonaletsang aggregates kapa ikatetse akarelletsa DR disebediswa tsa ka bonahala saleh leseli ho pholletsa e 360 ° hlorisoe. Tshitsiso mokhabo-tabeng ea DR tse bonahalang, haeba maemo a nepile 'me e sa kena-kenane mokhabo o ile a hlokomela, ho ke ke hape ho ka etsahala ho bona hore na lejoe ke uniaxial kapa biaxial. (Optic matsoho o kile a eka fumana tshitsiso mokhabo, ho ke ke ho ka khonehang kateng ka nako eo ho bona hore na lejoe ke ntle le tse mpe ka thuso ea
lipoleiti kathoko fuoa ho khethehileng bakeng sa morero oo)
Polycrystalline
liminerale tse aggregates ea kristale se senyenyane ba bitsoa polycrystalline. kristale ana a manyenyane a ka lemoha sebelisa magnification, 'me ka linako tse ling ke leihlo la le mong (mohlala, hoo e ka bang saleh jadeite a jade)
mafahla Polysynthetic
sheba mafahla lammelar
Potch (tloaelehileng le sebelisoang malapeng Opal)
Milky disebediswa tsa haelloa ke bapala ya mmala, entsoe ka Makala silica ya boholo le ho se lekane ka tsela eo etsa hore leseli ba hasane ho e-na diffracted
inclusions Protogenetic
pele ho ea bileng teng inclusions:. bao e leng ne ba le teng pel'a phofu ea kristale qala ya ho theha le ba ne ba ikakhela ka setotsoana 'loketse mosebetsi entsoeng' ho kena karolong e qetellang (mohlala, likaroloana tse tiileng le kristale se senyenyane Ba atisa ho irregularly strewn ho pholletsa le ba ka seoelo a amanang le phofu ea kristale oa sebopeho sa
Pseudomorph
e pseudomorph (foromo bohata) ke diminerale e e leng nka foromo (ho sebopeho se tshwanang) oa diminerale e 'ngoe (kapa boleng ba manyolo) ka lebaka la ho futhumatsa ntlo le ho / kapa ho hatelloa ke batho kapa tsa lik'hemik'hale ho tlhotloa mohlala, leihlo la nkoe ha (quartz Phetolo ya crocidolite, diminerale e asbestos); patsi agate (a quartz Phetolo ya lehong)
ponahatso
ponahatso ke khutlele ke bokaholimo e (ebang internai kapa hlahang kantle) oa ketso e itseng ea leseli e leng oela holim'a metsi eo. Bona le Melao Snell oa
Refraction
refraction ke ho fetoha ha a tla re tataisa e leng leseli tsamaea ha o feta ho tloha mecha ea phatlalatso ea e 'ngoe e fapaneng ea segokanyipalo Optical (ntle le ha a otla karolong e ka holimo le tloaelehileng la mecha ea litaba tse peli ka 90 °). Joalokaha leseli le fetisa le tsoang bukeng e fumanehe ka seoelo joaloka ho e denser seaplane (mohlala, ho tloha tlala moeeng ho kena lejoe a) ho ke ke sothoe ho isa leanong la ho tloaelehile, Ka lehlakoreng le joalokaha ho fetisa tswa ho mosebeletsi wa denser ho buisanang le fumanehe ka seoelo joaloka e ikemiselitse hōle le ntho e tloaelehileng. Optical segokanyipalo ke thepa e rarahaneng e leng bontša ka boeona a sa re khoehlise la leseli. Bona le Melao Snell oa
Refractive index ea (RI)
ea RI ke karo-karolelano bonolo hakana bapisa lebelo la khanya e tlala moeeng ho ka lebelo la khanya ka seaplane filoeng. The maemo a sebediswa bakeng sa ho lekanya refractive index ea e tlala moeeng (tieo e lephaka); kahoo RI moea e nkoa e le 1.00
metamorphic Regional
ea recrystallization ya diteng tsa diminerale ea mafika pele ho ea bileng teng nakong thempereichara e eketsehileng (700 ° -2000 ° C) le tlas'a khatello e fokotseha
lekanyelitsoeng segokanyipalo
Sheba khoheli tse tobileng tseo (SG)
wavelengths barrel
wavelengths barrel ba elang wavelengths sa ananelang lintho tse bonahalang tse e leng kopana ho re fa perc-eived mala oa ntho e itseng
boroku
Sheba benya
Rock
lefika na le likaroloana diminerale e leng feletsoe kapa ba tiisa hammoho ka dithulaganyo tsa lik'hemik'hale kapa nile bonded hammoho ka tlas'a mocheso kapa khatello
ho tlala
e bua ka boleng kapa ho tiisetso ya mmala bonoa brilliancy mahlaseli a majoe sebeletsang pepeneneng faceted
Schiller
Sheba Sheen
Scintillation
phophoma; ho behella ka tima ea e khutšoanyane, mahlaseli khanya
Sectile
sectile bua ka thepa ea bokgoni ba ho peeled ke thipa le e sehiloeng e boreleli haholo
mafika Sedimentary
bao ha thehoa ke hahe tse bonahalang (sediments) oo simolohile tsoang 'meleng le k'hemik'hale thipitlo ya ba pre-teng ka majoe holim'a lefatše
liperela peo
liperela nyenyane haholo (ka tlase v. lijo-thollo / approx. 2mm) tse ka tlhaho ho thehiloe sa dinama tse nyenyane tse bonojoana tsa mollusk ka lebaka la tlhaselo ena ea lehlabathe, mahe mahala phaphametseng, likokoana-hloko kapa tse ling tse tsoang linaheng tse ling 'mele. liperela peo Hangata tsoeng 'me bo batalle, empa ha batho ba ka seoelo ho pota li fumanoa, li arohane ka ntle bakeng sa ho sebelisoa ho roala mabenyane a. Bona le Keshi liperela
hloaee absorption
hloaee absorption ea leseli ke tse hatelloang kapa absorption ea wavelengths tse itseng ho tloha ho fetiseng khanya a sebelisa ntho e itseng kapa a bontša tima bokaholimo ba eona. 'Mala oa litholoana disebediswa tsa ho tswa ho setseng wavelengths (barrel) hore finyella leihlo
Sheen (kapa Schiller)
Sheen ke shimmering kapa diffuse (hasana) ponahatso le phello bakoang ke leseli ntseng a bonahatsa tsoang inclusions kapa ditshebetso tse mehaho ka hare ho lejoe. Poleloana e reng akarelletsa chatoyancy, asterism, adularescence, aventurescence, opalescence, iridescence (labrodrescence le ho bapala mebala a Opal)
Silk (kenyelletsoa ha lintlha)
letoto la linale motle bapileng (khafetsa rutile)
Single refractive
e boetse e bitsoa isotropic. liminerale tseo e leng bontša e tsoanang thepa ea Optical a directions saleh (mohlala, majoe a tsamaisong dikubita le disebediswa tsa ho amorphous)
Melao Snell ea refraction
ha karoloana e ray, leseli le fetisa tsoang seaplane e 'ngoe o mong ho na le karo-karolelano e tobileng pakeng tsa linaha sine ea angle incidence le sine ea angle refraction. Ketsahalo ena ray,, ea ray, refracted le lintho tse tloaelehileng (a le makhatheng a incidence) Ke saleh a sefofane tšoanang. The karo-karolelano ea kamehla e kholo pakeng tsa angle incidence le refraction mecha ea phatlalatso leha e le efe e 'meli a ikopanye Optical e ne e bitsoa ka Snell ea refractive index ea (RI)
South Sea liperela
seqhenqha rutehileng liperela rutehileng a oyster silevera-lipped perela e nang le bophara ea 12 kapa esita 16mm. Tsena tse kholo liperela tse tsoeu e sebelelitseng lebitso South Sea hobane ba ne ba eo qalong e hlahisoang ke Japanese a Microne-Sia le Indonesia. Today liperela tsena hangata haholoanyane hlahisoang Australia le Burma, ba nang le Indonesia, Philippines, Papua New Guinea 'me Thailand joalokaha mehloling hase habohlokoa hakaalo. Ho intsa, ha ho bile le atlehileng maiketsetso tshwela mare pokello ea oyster silevera-lipped perela, e bolelang hore phepelo ea oyster 'me ke lekanyelitsoeng le ditheko bo loketseng phahameng
Tse tobileng tseo khoheli (SG)
ea SG kapa mong segokanyipalo tse bonahalang ke karo-karolelano pakeng tsa boima ba boleng ba le boima ba e bophahamo ba modumo metsi a hloekileng e lekanang ea nakong 4 ° C (metsi palo e kahodimodimo segokanyipalo) le nakong tsotellehe khatello maemo a sepakapaka. SG e amanang le ho lik'hemik'hale tsa lintho tse bonahalang tse hammoho le oxyphobe dikgaisano tsa athomo (ha e le hantle, ho e susumetsoa feela ke ho lekanyelitsoe boima bo athomo tsa motheo tse fapa-fapaneng motsoako empa o boetse o mokhoa oo liathomo tse behoa 'moho)
Spectroscope
kofuto e leng a arola e lehlaseli la leseli wavelengths ea oona constituent kapa mebala e manyenyane ka ho ba le porisime kapa diffraction grating. The spectroscope lumella 'ngoe ho bona hore dikarolo tsa tse tobileng tseo (mela kapa lihlopha) kapa dibakeng (e pharaletse absorption) ya leseli o mosoeu ba ananelang lehakoe ka ho qhalakanya kapa jala ka ntle ka wavelengths barrel e leng ba' nile ba a tšoaetsanoang ka ho tswa kapa bonahatsa lejoe tlas'a teko (eseng ail majoe bontša manyenyane 'me hase saleh spectrums bone ke ea tlhahlobo ea bongaka empa absorption lihlopha' na a bontša ho se taka kapa moemeli boteng ba lirafshoa tse itseng)
Splintery
sheba fracture
setshwani
setshwani bua ka kamehla kapa ho leka-lekana ea sebopeho se tshwanang ea mahakoe ka boholo hammoho le boemong bo sefahleho-up le a profil
inclusions Syngenetic
inclusions phetseng mehleng entsoeng ka dintho tse neng li fanoa ka nako e tšoanang le phofu ea crystai (mohlala,-butle diminerale; sephalli a cavities le mapetsong folisa; zonal lihlopha; inclusions metsi;. bonoa moroeroe ya kgolo tse kang mmala bopa dikgaolo le sebopeho lefahla na khafetsa e o ile a laela intergrowth pakeng tsa linaha inclusions syngenetic le batsholabaeng kristale e le hore le ka beha tse pedi tsa le kamano e mehaho laoloa ke melao ea crystallographic
maiketsetso mahakoe
sehlahiswa maiketsetso o na le e tšoanang lik'hemik'hale, sebopeho sa athomo le thepa ea lintho tsa nama kapa joalokaha mphato ba bona ba tlhaho (mohlala, a maiketsetso a emeralde, a maiketsetso a corundum, joalo-joalo)
ho phehella ha
ho phehella ha kapa toughness ke ho itoanela oa lehakoe ho tlōla kapa fracturing. E amanang le ho bokhoni ba ho monya liminerale shocks ntle le qhala kaheho internai. Terms kopana le tabeng ena e kenyeletsa brittle, sectile, ruteha habonolo, 'tenyetseha' me rekere
lifilimi Thin
talingoa tlas'a bonahatsa leseli lifilimi tsena tšesaane na le ponahalo iridescent tloaelehileng mokato tšesaane tsa oli holim'a metsi kapa ea mebala-bala holim 'a woman take bubble e sesepa
Three mohato kenyelletsoa ha lintlha
e mokelikeli-mokoti o tletseng metsi nang take bubble le e kristale
Tone
modumo o bua ka lightness lekanyelitsoeng kapa ho le lefifi lemohuoa (ebang ke oa 'mala o itseng kapa e tsoeu motso)
Total ponahatso hare
ya palo yohle ya ponahatso hare le hlaha hokae, e ray, ba khannang leseli le tsoang e denser ho buisanang le fumanehe ka seoelo joaloka nakong angle e moholo ho feta angle tse mahlonoko tseo e khutlela denser seaplane moo ho mamela melao ea ponahatso
Toughness
sheba phehella ha
likarolo Phetoho
bolela sebelisoa mekhoa e itseng likarolo metallic e leng ka lebaka la ho sebopeho sa ba bona ba athomo, phello ea absorption khetha khanya a majoe idiochromatic le allochromatic. Li google chrome, cobalt, koporo, vanadium, a mankanese, tšepe, nikele le thaethaniamo
fetisetsa
ho fetisa (mohlala, leseli) tsoang seaplane e 'ngoe; hore a romele (mohlala, pontšo) kapa u romele ho ea pele (e..g., ho tloha ho e 'ngoe motho a le mong)
ho sebeletsa pepeneneng
tokoloho e leng oona oo leseli e fetisitswe kapa fetisoa ka lejoe. The likhato tse fapaneng tsa ho sebeletsa pepeneneng ba fuoa joalokaha: sebeletsang pepeneneng (TP) -e leng be ntho e bonaletsang e bontša le monyang e nyenyane tsa leseli e leng oela, empa e dumella ho fetisisa ho feta. Ntho shejoa ka lejoe le hlaha e hlakileng le e ikhethang. Sub-sebeletsang pepeneneng (S-TP) -e leng bokaalo khōlō ea leseli e fetisoa ka lejoe, empa feela lintlha tsa bohlokoa tsa eona e be ntho ka lehlakoreng le leng a lejoe le ke keng la khetholloa. Sub-translucent (S-TL) -only e nyenyane haholo ea leseli e ka feta mahakoe a ho ea metshetshe le mosesaane. Opaque (0) -ail tsa leseli e leng oela holim'a ntho opaque e ebang bonahatsa kapa ananelang. Ho se na khanya feta lintho tse bonahalang tse, esita le nakong metshetshe le mosesaane.
Treacle kenyelletsoa ha lintlha
e mocheso tsokoang kapa roiled le phello-wisps le swirls mebala
Twin kristale
e kristale lefahla ke kristale e entsoe ka dihalofo tse pedi tsa ea kristale tšoanang kapa kristale tse peli kapa ho feta mefuta e mengata ea e tsoanang e leng ho ba le kamano e tobileng crystallographic mong ho e mong 'me ba hōlileng' moho ka tsela e ditshwani (sheba mafahla ikopanye le mafahla interpenetrant)
mohato tse peli kenyelletsoa ha lintlha
e mokelikeli-mokoti o tletseng metsi nang take bubble kapa e kristale
Mahlaseli (UV)
mahlaseli bolela ka nģ'ane ho bopherese. Ona oa lithaba tsa mahlaseli a kotsi ho qala ka wavelengths tse kgutsufala ho feta tse 400nm la leseli bopherese
majoe Uniaxial
a hexagonal eo, trigonal le tetragonal litsamaiso kristale ho na le ea optic kgosomanyomela (tataiso ea refraction ba masoha): liminerale tsa ditsamaiso tsa tsena li tsejoa e le uniaxial (a majoe uniaxial selekaneng optic ke bapile le ka sehloohong tsepameng 'e c' kgosomanyomela)
Unit seleng
yuniti seleng ea sebopeho sa kristale e leng karolo nyenyane ka ho fetisisa e kristale oona e sa ntseng a nang le tsona makgetha khethollang mokhatlo oa kristale e bitsoa yuniti seleng. Mokhoa oo lisele yuniti ba stacked ka tlhaho 'me ponahalo ea etsang qeto ea hlahang kantle kristale ea
lesira kenyelletsoa ha lintlha
sheba masiba kenyelletsoa ha lintlha
leseli bopaki bo bonahalang
a khanya ke mofuta o mong oa matla tlale thabo e fanang ka hlahisa polelo e tloaelehileng ea boikutlo oa pono. wavelength leha e le efe mahlaseli a motlakase e hoo e ka bang teng lipakeng tsa 400nm le 700nm ke iponahalitse ho leihlong la motho leseli joalokaha
Vitreous
sheba benya
Wavelength
wavelength o hlalosoa e le sebaka se pakeng tsa litlhōrō tse peli tse latellanang tsa tsokoang hore
Waxy
sheba benya
White leseli
leseli o mosoeu (tsoakiloeng leseli) e entsoe ka motsoako e batlang bo lekana le mebala tsohle kapa wavelengths tse etsang bopaki bo bonahalang manyenyane (kgubedu, o kang oa lamunu, o mosehla, o motala, o moputsoa le bopherese). 'Mala oa leseli fapana nang itšetlehileng wavelength eo. maqhubu a maholo Red na le wavelengths telele ka ho fetisisa (700 + NM) 'me sena se diminishes pholletsa manyenyane ho Violet wavelengths, tse nang e kgutshwane ka (400nm-hoo e ka bang 1 / 4 bolelele ba mahlaseli a khubelu)
fensetere
sebeletsang pepeneneng sebakeng sa tse tlaase mmala tiisetso bakoang ke ho dutla leseli e leng lumella ea semelo sa hlaha ka mor'a ka lejoe ho bonoa (bala-ho pholletsa le phello)
Zircon selika-likoe
sheba selika-likoe kenyelletsoa ha lintlha
Zonal striae
sheba mmala lihlopha


c: text/html

text:
Inthanete kajeno ke mohloli o moholo oa tlhahisoleseding, mme batho ba bangata ba e sebelisa letsatsi le leng le le leng ho fumana le ho ntša lintlha tsohle tseo ba li hlokang. Bakeng sa ho etsa joalo, ba etsa web scraping - mokhoa o makatsang oa inthanete o ka ba thusang ho bokella liphello tse ntle. Sebaka se tsotehang sa ho ntša websaete ke sethala sa Python, se fanang ka lisebelisoa tse ikhethang le tse potlakileng tsa ho kenngoa ho basebelisi ba eona.
Libuka tse bonolo tsa li-Python
Le hoja ho na le litšebeletso tse ngata tsa ho senya marang-rang, Python e fana ka lilaebrari tse bonolo, moo basebelisi ba ka tsamaeang le ho bokella data ea bona. Sena se ka ba thusa hore ba ntlafatse lihlahisoa tsa bona, ka ho bapisa lethathamo la theko le lintlha tse ling, kahoo ba ka eketsa ts'ebetso ea khoebo ea bona ka ho fumana bareki ba eketsehileng. Ka Python, e le hore e hlahise marang-rang , batlisisi ba marang-rang ba hloka ho fumana mokhoa oa puisano, ba tsamaise HTTP.
Lisebelisoa tse khethehileng tsa Inthaneteng Tse fanoeng ke Python
Python e fana ka menyetla e metle bakeng sa basebelisi ba eona. Bafuputsi ba Web ba lokela ho hopola hore matsatsing ana marang-rang a mangata a na le HTML e thata haholo. Empa ntho e ntle ke hore li-browsers tse ngata li fana ka lisebelisoa tse khethehileng ho bona hore na lintlha ke tse nyenyane le ho li ntša. Ka mohlala, batlisisi ba marang-rang ba ka sebelisa Sopho e Ntle, e leng sesebelisoa se setle sa ho bapisa. Sopho e ntle e fana ka mekhoa e meng e potlakileng le e bonolo bakeng sa ho senya web. Ha e le hantle, e fetola litaba tsohle tse kenang le tse tsoang ho Unicode. Basebedisi ha ba hloke ho nahana ka di-encoding leha e le efe - ke sesebediswa se bonolo le se hlophisitsoeng hantle se ka sebelisoang haholo habonolo. Ka mohlala, ha basebelisi ba bapisa HTML, ba ka hlakisa sehahi sehahi, ka ho sebelisa motsoako oa HTML (o kenyelelitsoeng ho Python). Haeba basebelisi ba hloka scraper ea bona ho fumana lintlha tsohle tse amanang le tsona tseo ba li hlokang, ba lokela ho batla khoutu e ikhethang (HTML) maqepheng a itseng a maqephe a marang-rang ho pota-pota Internet. Ha e le hantle, ba lokela ho hopola hore li-browsers tse ngata tsa marang-rang li khona ho lemoha khoutu ea HTML, ka ho sebelisa kopo e bonolo. Ka mor'a ho boloka khoutu ea HTML ea leqephe le itseng, ba ka hlahloba litokomane tsohle tseo ba li hlokang ka kotloloho.
Litlhaku tsa Scraping tse nang le Python
Haeba li batla ho senya maqephe a feletseng ka Python, li ka sebelisa sehlooho se khethehileng se hlahang ka holimo. Ka ho etsa joalo, ba ka boela ba nka mabitso a lihlahisoa kapa lihlopha tse ling (joaloka li-link tsa YouTube) ho tloha ka lehlakoreng le ka morao. Ha e le hantle, Python e sebelisa lisebelisoa tse sa tšoaneng tsa theknoloji ho hlahloba litokomane le ho hlahisa liphello tse khotsofatsang. Ka ho toba, kopo ena e tšehetsa mekhoa e fapaneng mme e fana ka sebopeho se hlakileng le se bonolo ho basebedisi ba sona. Ka lebaka leo, web scrapers ba ka fumana habonolo data ea nako ea inthanete neng kapa neng eo ba e lakatsang. Ho feta moo, e fana ka monyetla ho batho ho iketsetsa merero ea bona. Ka tsela ena likhoebo tse ngata li ka bokella lintlha tse fapaneng maqepheng a maholo a maqephe letsatsi le leng le le leng. Ka lebaka leo, ba ka hlahloba boitsebiso bohle bo amanang hamorao ka k'homphieutha ea bona. Ke tsela e ntle ea ho fumana sohle seo ba se hlokang, ho hlōla bahatelli ba bona, ho fana ka litheko tse molemo le lisebelisoa tse molemo le ho boloka bareki ba bona ba khotsofetse.

robotstxt: allowed

filter: keep


text:
Bebele e re eng ka bootsoa? Na bootsoa ke sebe?
Pōtso: "Bebele e re eng ka bootsoa? Na bootsoa ke sebe?"
Karabo: Bebele e re bolella hore ha monna a roabala le monna e mong joalo kaha a roabala le mosali ke sebe. Ka mokhoa o tšoanang, mosali ha roabala le mosali e mong joalo kaha a roabala le monna ke sebe (Genese 19:1-13; Levitike 18:22; Ba-Roma 1:26-27; I Ba-Korinthe 6:9). Ba-Roma 1:26-27 e re ruta ka mokhoa o hlakileng hore bootsoa ke tholoana ea ho hanyetsa le ho se hlomphe Molimo. Ha motho a ntse a tsoela-pele sebeng ‘me a sa lumele, Bebele e re bolella hore Molimo o “mo tlohella” sebeng se sebe ho feta e le hore a tle a bone ho hloka molemo le tšepo ha bophelo ntle le Molimo. I Ba-Korinthe 6:9 e re liotsoa “bakhopo” ha li na ho rua lefa la ‘muso oa Molimo.
Molimo ha a bōpelle motho le litakatso tsa bootsoa. Bebele e re bolella hore motho o fetoha seotsoa ka lebaka la sebe (Ba-Roma 1:24-27), ‘me e qetelle e le ka boikhethelo ba hae. Motho a ka tsoaloa a ena le menyetla e mengata ea ho ba seotsoa, hantle joalo ka ha motho a tsoaloa a na le mekhoanyana ea ho ba hlaha le ho etsa libe. Sena ha se re motho a ka etsa sebe feela hobane a tsoetsoe a na le takatso ea sona. Haeba motho a tsoetsoe e le motho ea ka halefang ha bobebe, na hoo ho mo fa tokelo ea ho itumella ho halefa? Che ha ho joalo! Ka mokhoa o tšoanang motho a se itumelle ho ba seotsoa.
Le ha ho le joalo, Bebele ha e bolele bootsoa e le sebe se “seholo” ho feta tse ling. Libe tsohle li khahlanong le Molimo. Bootsoa ke e ‘ngoe ea lintho tse ngata tse boletsoeng ho I Ba-Korinthe 6:9-10 tse ka thibelang motho ho kena ‘musong oa Molimo. Ho ea ka Bebele, tšoarelo ea Molimo e ka fumanoa ke seotsoa joalo kaha e ka fumanoa ke sehlola, ea rapelang melingoana, ‘molai, lesholu, le ba bang. Molimo o boetse o tšepisa matla a tlhōlo holim’a sebe, ho kenyelletsa le bootsoa, ho bohle ba tlang ho lumela ho Jesu Kreste bakeng sa pholoho ea bona (I Ba-Korinthe 6:11; II Ba-Korinthe 5:17).
Khutlela leqepheng la lehae la
Sesotho
Bebele e re eng ka bootsoa? Na bootsoa ke sebe?


text:
Haeba u chesa marang-rang a Python, menyetla ea hore u se u lekile httplib le likōpo tsa urllib. Selenium ke mohaho o pharaletseng oa Python o sebelisang bots ho penya maqephe a fapaneng a maqephe. Litšebeletso tsena kaofela ha li fane ka liphello tse ka tšeptjoang; ka hona, o lokela ho leka lits'elelo tse latelang ho etsa mosebetsi oa hau:
1. Tlhaloso ea Data:
Ke ho atolosoa ha Chrome haholo; Data data scraper data ho tloha maqepheng a mabeli a motheo le a tsoetseng pele. Baetsi ba li-program le likoropo ba ka lebisa libaka tse ngata tse matla, liwebsaete tsa litaba tsa sechaba, li-portal tsa maeto le libaka tsa litaba. Lintlha li bokelloa 'me li qhibililoe ho latela litaelo tsa hau,' me liphetho li bolokiloe ka lihlahisoa tsa CSV, JSON, le XLS. U ka boela ua kopitsa sebaka sa marang-rang kapa se feletseng ka mokhoa oa lenane kapa litafole. Data Scraper hase feela ea loketseng bakeng sa lenaneo empa hape e ntle bakeng sa bao e seng lenaneo, liithuti, li-freelancers le litsebi. E na le mesebetsi e mengata ea ho betla ka nako e le 'ngoe' me e boloka nako le matla a hau.
2. Websaete ea Websaete:
Ke kenyelletso e 'ngoe ea Chrome; Web Scraper e na le sebopeho se sebetsang sa motsoalle mme se re lumella hore re thehe li-sitemaps hamolemo. Ka katoloso ena, o ka tsamaea maqepheng a fapaneng a maqephe mme u qaqisa sebaka se feletseng kapa sa sebaka. Web Scraper e tla ka liphetolelo tse sa lefelloeng le tse lefshoang 'me e loketse ba-programmers, webmasters, le startups. Ho nka metsotsoana e seng mekae ho senya data ea hau le ho e jarisa ho hard drive ea hau.
3. Scraper:
Ena ke e 'ngoe ea menyetla e tsebahalang ka ho fetisisa ea Firefox; Scraper ke ts'ebetso e ka tšeptjoang le e matla ea ho shebella lisebelisoa le litšebeletso tsa merafo. E na le sebopeho se sebetsang sa moqoqo le se hlophisitsoeng ho tloha litafole le marang-rang a marang-rang. Boitsebiso bo fetoloa hore e be bobopeho bo hlakileng le bo hlakileng. Tšebeletso ena e loketse batho ba sebetsang lenaneong le lisebelisoa tsa marang-rang ho sebelisa XPath le JQuery. Re ka kopitsa kapa re romella data ho li-Google Docs, XSL le JSON. Sebopeho le likarolo tsa Scraper li tšoana le ho Kenya. io.
4. Octoparse:
Ke ts'ebeliso ea Chrome le e 'ngoe ea tse ling tse matla ka ho fetisisa tsa marang-rang . E sebetsana le libaka tse peli tse tsitsitseng le tse matla ka cookie, JavaScript, redirects le AJAX. Octoparse e boletse hore e senya maqephe a limilione tse peli ho fihlela joale. U ka etsa mesebetsi e mengata, 'me Bo-Octoparse ba tla ba sebetsana ka nako e le' ngoe, ho boloka nako le matla a hau. Boitsebiso bohle bo bonahala inthaneteng; u ka boela ua kopitsa lifaele tseo u li lakatsang ho hard drive ea hao ka tse seng kae tse tobileng.
5. ParseHub:
E loketse khoebo le barupeli; Parsehub hase ts'ebetso ea Firefox feela empa e boetse e na le sesebelisoa se seholo sa ho senya marang-rang le sesebelisoa sa marang-rang. ParseHub e sebelisa mekhoa ea theknoloji ea AJAX le li-scrapes ka li-redirects le cookies. E ka bala le ho fetola litokomane tse fapaneng tsa marang-rang ka boitsebiso bo nepahetseng ka taba ea metsotso. Hang ha e kopolitsoe mme e tsositsoe, ParseHub e ka etsa mesebetsi e mengata ea ho qeta data ka nako e le 'ngoe. Kopo ea hau ea lik'homphieutha e loketse Mac OS X, Linux, le Windows. Phetolelo ea eona e sa lefelloeng e etsa merero e metso e mehlano ea ho senya, 'me moralo o lefshoang o re lumella ho sebetsana le merero e fetang 50 ka nako.


text:
Jesu o ne a le kae nakong ea matsatsi a mararo lipakeng tsa lefu la Hae le tsoho?
Pōtso: "Jesu o ne a le kae nakong ea matsatsi a mararo lipakeng tsa lefu la Hae le tsoho?"
Karabo: I Petrose 3:18-19 e re, “Hobane le eena Kreste o na a utloisoe bohloko hang ka baka la libe; eena ea lokileng o bolaetsoe bakhopo, hore a tsebe ho re tlisa ho Molimo; o shoele ka nĝeng ea nama, empa o phelisitsoe ka nĝeng ea moea. Ke ka oona moea oo a ileng ho bolella meea e teronkong.”
Polelo ena, “ka nĝeng ea moea,” temaneng ea 18, e entsoe ka mokhoa o tšoanang le ena “ka nĝeng ea nama.” Ho bonahala ho nepahetse ho bua ka lentsoe “moea” maemong a tšoanang le a lentsoe “nama.” Nama le moea tsena ke tsa Kreste. Mantsoe ana “o phelisitsoe ka nĝeng ea moea,” a bolela ho jara libe le ho shoa ha Kreste ha li tlisitse karohano moeeng oa hae oa botho le Ntate (Mattheu 27:46). Ho se tšoane ho lipakeng tsa nama le moea, joalo ka ho Mattheu 27:46 le Ba-Roma 1:3-4, ‘me e seng lipakeng tsa nama ea Kreste le Moea o Halalelang. Ha kotlo ea sebe ea Kreste e qetiloe, moea oa Hae o qalile kopano e neng e khaotsoe.
I Petrose 3:18-22 e hlalosa tlhokahalo ea khokahanyo lipakeng tsa ho sotloa ha Kreste (temaneng ea 18) le ho phahamisoa hoa Hae (temaneng ea 22). Ke Petrose feela ea fanang ka lintlha tse hlakileng tsa hore na ho etsahetse eng lipakeng tsa liketsahalo tse peli tsena. Lentsoe “bolella,” temaneng ea 19 ha se lentsoe le tloaelehileng Testamenteng e Ncha le bolela ho ruta Evangeli. Le bolela ho fetisa molaetsa. Jesu o utloisitsoe bohloko ‘me a shoella Sefapanong, ‘Mele oa Hae oa bolaoa, ‘me moea oa Hae o ile oa shoa ha a ne a jarisoa libe. Empa moea oa Hae oa phelisoa ‘me a inehela ho Ntate. Ho ea ka Petrose, lipakeng tsa lefu le tsoho ea Hae, Jesu o ile a etsa phatlalatso ea bohlokoa ho “meea e teronkong.”
Ntlha ea pele, Petrose o ne a re batho ke “meea” (souls) a sa bolele “meea ea batemona” (spirits) (3:20). Testamenteng e Ncha lentsoe “meea” (spirits) le sebelisoa ho hlalosa mangeloi kapa batemona, e seng batho; le temana ea 22 e bonahala e bolela sena. Ha ho moo re bolelletsoeng hore Jesu o ile a ea liheleng ka Bebeleng. Liketso 2:31 e re bolella hore o ile a ea “nĝalong ea bafu,” empa nĝalong ea bafu ha se liheleng. Nĝalong ea bafu e bolela boemo ba ho shoa, sebaka seo bafu ba lulang ha nakoana ho sona ba emetse tsoho. Tšenolo 20:11-15 e fana ka phapano e hlakileng ea libaka tsena tse peli. Liheleng ke sebaka sa ho qetella sa kahlolo moo ba lahlehileng ba tlang ho ea teng. Nĝalong ea bafu ke sebaka seo bafu ba tlang ho ba ho sona ha nakoana feela.
Morena oa rōna o ile a nehela moea oa Hae ho Ntate, a shoa, ‘me nakong e lipakeng tsa lefu le ho tsoha a chakela nĝalong ea bafu moo a ileng a fetisa molaetsa ho meea (mohlomong mangeloi a oeleng; sheba Juda 6) ba neng ba amana le nako ea pele ho moroallo nakong ea Noe. Temana ea 20 e etsa hore sena se hlake. Petrose ha a re bolella hore na O itse eng ho meea e teronkong, empa e ne e ke ke ea ba molaetsa oa topollo kaha mangeloi a oeleng a ke ke a pholosoa (Ba-Heberu 2:16). E tlameha e ne e le ho phatlalletsa Satane le mahlahana a hae tlhōlo (I Petrose 3:22; Ba-Kolose 2:15). Ba-Efese 4:8-10 e bonahala e bontša ha Kreste a ile a ea “parateising” (Luka 16:20; 23:43) ‘me a nkele leholimong bohle ba neng ba lumetse ho Eena pele ho lefu la Hae. Serapa sena ha se fane ka botlalo hore na ho ile ha etsahala eng, empa baithuti ba Bebele ba bangata ba lumellana hore sena ke se neng se boleloa “U isitse batšoaruoa kholehong.”
Se ka boleloang ke hore, Bebele ha ea hlaka hore na Kreste o ntse eng ka matsatsi a mararo lipakeng tsa lefu le tsoho ea Hae. Leha ho le joalo, ho bonahala eka, o ne a ruta ka tlhōlo holim’a mangeloi a oeleng le / kapa ba sa lumelang. Seo re nang le bonnete ba sona ke hore Jesu o ne a sa fe batho monyetla oa boinyatso. Bebele e re bolella hore re tobana le kahlolo kamora lefu (Ba-Heberu 9:27), e seng monyetla oa boinyatso. Ha ho karabo e hlakileng hore na Jesu o ne a ntse a etsa eng lipakeng tsa lefu la Hae le tsoho. Mohlomong hona ke ho hong hoa liphiri tseo re tlang ho li utloisisa hang ha re fihla khanyeng ea morena.
Khutlela leqepheng la lehae la
Sesotho
Jesu o ne a le kae nakong ea matsatsi a mararo lipakeng tsa lefu la Hae le tsoho?


text:
LEKGETHO LA MOSEBETSI (LEFA- HA-O-NTSE-O-SEBETSA (PAYE)
DITLATSETSO LE MELEMO YA MOSEBETSING
Ebe ke ditlatsetso le melemo ya mosebetsing efeng e ka bang teng?
Ka tlase mona ke lenane la ditlatsetso le melemo ya mosebetsing:
Ditlatsetso
- Subsistence allowance - ke tlatsetso e leshwang kapa e nyehelwang ke mongamosebetsi ho mosebetsi ho akaretsa ditjeo tsa maroko, dijo kapa ditjeo tse ding tse entsweng ke mosebetsi ka lebaka la tshebetso ya hae kapa ofisi kapa mosebetsi, tlatsetso ena e fumanwa feela ha e le hore o tswile ka mosebetsi mme o tla robala hole le tulo eo o tlwaetseng ho robala ho yona ka hara Rephablike.
- Travel allowance - ke tlatsetso e leshwang kapa bokaalo bo kenngwang mokgolong wa hao ke mongamosebetsi bakeng la ha o sebedisa koloi ya hao ya praevete ho phetha mabaka a mosebetsi.
- Allowance to a holder of a public office - ke tlatsetso e fuwang ya ofising ya setjhaba ho akaretsa ditjeo tsa hae tse amanang le yena tse mabapi le ofisi eo.
Melemo ya Mosebetsing
- Acquisition of an asset at less than the actual value (other than money) - ona ke molemo o lefiswang lekgetho ha o fumana thepa ka tjhelete e ka tlase ho boleng ba yona ba nnete ho tswa ho mongamosebetsi kapa setheo sefe kapa sefe se amanang le mongamosebetsi kapa mothong e mong ka tlhophiso ya mongamosebetsi.
- Right of use of an asset - ke molemo o lefiswang lekgetho ha mosebetsi a fuwa tokelo ya ho sebedisa thepa efe kapa efe (ntle le ya ntlo kapa koloi) ho phetha mabaka a hae a praevete kapa a lehae mahala kapa ka theolelo e ka tlase ho ya boleng ba yona.
- Right of use of a motor vehicle - ke molemo o lefiswang lekgetho ha mosebetsi a fuwa tokelo ya ho sebedisa koloi efe kapa efe ho phetha mabaka a hae a praevete kapa a lehae mahala kapa ka theolelo e ka tlase ho ya boleng ba yona.
- Meals, refreshements and meal and refreshment vouchers - ke molemo o lefiswang lekgetho ha mosebetsi a fumantshwa dijo kapa dino dife kapa dife le/kapa divoutjhara mahala kapa ka theolelo e ka tlase ho boleng ba dijo, dino kapa voutjhara e jwalo.
- Accommodation - ke molemo o lefiswang lekgetho ha mosebetsi a fumantshwa sebaka sa ho dula mahala kapa ka rente e ka tlase ho boleng ba bodulo bo jwalo.
- Free or cheap services - ke molemo o lefiswang lekgetho ebang tshebeletso efe kapa efe, ka ditjeo tsa mongamosebetsi, di fuwa mosebetsi (ho sa natswe hore ke tsa mongamosebetsi kapa motho e mong), moo tshebeletso eo e sebedisitsweng ke mosebetsi bakeng la mabaka a hae a praevete kapa a lehae mme ho se letho le ileng la nehelwa mongamosebetsi kapa se filweng se le ka tlase ho ditjeo tsa tshebeletso e jwalo.
- Low interest or interest free loans - ke molemo o lefiswang lekgetho ebang kadimo e fuwe mosebetsi ke mongamosebetsi, kapa ke motho e mong ka tlhophiso ya mongamosebetsi kapa setheo sefe kapa sefe se amanang le mongamosebetsi mme ho se na tswala e leshwang ke mosebetsi kapa tswala e leshwang ke mosebetsi e le ka tlase ho ya sekgahla sa tswala sa semmuso (ho sa kenyeletswa dikadimo tse tjhaetsweng monwana tsa ho reka diabo, setempe sa tshebeletso kapa lekgeto le itseng le leshwang bakeng la seabo se itseng).
- Subsidies in respect of loans - ke molemo o lefiswang lekgetho ebang mongamosebetsi o lefile thuso e itseng hodima tswala kapa ditefo tsa tjehelete e kolotwang ke mosebetsi tsa kadimo, ebang tjhelete e leshwang ke mongamosebetsi e feta bokaalo ba tswala boo ha bo sebetswa ka dipalo ho latela sekgahla sa semmuso sa tswala se neng se tla lokela ho leshwa bakeng la kadimo eo.
- Medical scheme contributions paid by an employer - ke molemo o lefiswang lekgetho ebang mongamosebetsi ka kotloloho kapa e seng ka kotloloho, a bile le kabelo ho sekema sa bongaka molemong wa mosebetsi kapa baitshetlehi (dependants) ba mosebetsi ya jwalo.
- Medical scheme contributions paid by an employer - ke molemo o lefiswang lekgetho ebang mongamosebetsi ka kotloloho kapa e seng ka kotloloho, a bile le ditjeo tsa bokaalo bofe kapa bofe (ntle le kabelo ya sekema sa bongaka se leshwang ho sekema sa bongaka) tsa bongaka, meno le ditshebeletso tse jwalo, ditshebeletso tsa sepetlele, tsa booki kapa tsa meriana tse fuweng mosebetsi, molekane wa hae, ngwana, wa leloko kapa moitshetlehi (dependant).
- Payment by an employer to an insurer - ke molemo wa mosebetsing ebang mongamosebetsi a entse tefo efe kapa efe ho mongainshorense efe kapa efe tlasa pholisi ya inshorense ka kotloloho kapa e seng ka kotloloho molemong wa mosebetsi kapa molekane wa hae, ngwana, moitshetlehi kapa mothonngwa.


text:
kenyelletso
Matsatsing ana le ho se sireletsehe haholo le mathata a lichelete, re lokela ho etsa sohle ho na tahlehelo. Empa mpe ho feta ho ba le koloi e utsoitsoe, Ke ho ba le lelapa la ka mathata a ka koloing ena, Molimo o tseba moo. Com um Tracker você não vai conseguir evitar que isso aconteça, empa bonyane o ka batla le ho romela thuso ho tseba sebaka hantle koloi.
Ho hlakile hore ena pseudo khutso na theko e. The Tracker o reka bakeng sa R $ 150,00 ka karolelano, se boloka ladica i telephony pakete Data tsoa ho pota R $ 10,00 khoeli le khoeli, sebelisa M2M System (Machine ho mochini). eaba, ba bohlokoa kapa che? hantle, mong le e mong ea tsebang moo callus mechine, o que merece ou não ser protegido. Empa ha ba ntse ba re “feela u se ke ua sebelisa ho beha loko mor'a lemati robehileng”. Ke etsa qeto ea ho leka ;)
bothata
Existem Trackers de uso pessoal e veicular. Tabeng ea ka, Ke ile ka reka TK103A (Coban), hobane maikutlo e ne e le ho beha ka koloing ho hlokomela itseng litsela le tlwaetsego. Mas o problema é que quando se adquire um GPS Tracker, ha ho motho ea batlang ho ba romella litaelo le ho fumana hokahanyang SMS (ho mongolo). Ke bora! O batla ho bona “ntho e sa” ha ho na 'mapa, sebele nako. Kahoo tla ka!
Testei três sistemas de mapas online para rastreadores. Todos funcionaram a contento:
1) GPS-Trace (Orange – Grátis).
2) TrackerHome (“seva 1”: IP 202.104.150.75 – Grátis).
3) CorvusGPS (Pago – $0.02/dia)
tharollo
Ho ne ho mehato phetolo e 'meli e tla a hlalosa ka tlase:
1) Configuração no Tracker TK103A
2) Configuração no Site/Sistema Web que capta as coordenadas para montar os mapas.
Irei demonstrar a configuração utilizando o GPS-Trace, TrackerHome e o CorvusGPS, Ho ho uena ho u ho khetha, mas eu recomendo fortemente você usar um Chip M2M e o GPS-Trace.
Pele u qala, ela hloko hore Tracker hao (sesebediswa TK103A) se sebetsa e tletseng, ka mantsoe a mang, ho amohela litaelo romeloa ka tsela SMS ke motsamaisi ea sele, u se =)
Haeba u sa etsa joalo, hlahlobeng sena TK103 pukwanana ka Sepotoketsi. Basicamente você só precisa adicionar o número do seu celular autorizando o Tracker a receber e enviar mensagens.
Ho etsa sohle mosebetsi, etsa bonnete ba hore ladica i hao o na mwango ya molaetsa wa sengolwa (SMS) le ya data (Internet) nolofalletsa. Você pode testar isso colocando seu Chip (do Tracker) num celular, fazendo teste de envio de SMS e de navegação antes de colocá-lo no Tracker para iniciar as configurações.
Tracker Setup
IMPORTANTE:
– Sebakeng sena se ke Tracker TK103A, le hoja e ka 'na ea sebetsa ka dikai e meng e tšoanang.
– Ho odara pontšo, re tla sebedisa password ya sebaka sa mantlha kahara hore ke 123456, empa u ka fetola e haeba u batla (Sheba bukana boletsoeng ka holimo).
– ha u kena, sebelisa litlhaku / lowercase hantle feela joalokaha ho bontšitsoe mong le taelo ea.
A proposta é já listar todos os comandos sequencialmente e, a seguir, explicá-los.
ntan'o, tla ka! tlase, temos seis exemplos, escolha apenas um! Defina se vai usar o GPS-Trace, TrackerHome ou o CorvusGPS e, a partir de um celular, romella e latelang litaelo SMS ka palo ea Tracker hao:
Descrição de comandos
Behela Maps Site
GPS-Trace
Se você escolheu usar o GPS-Trace, etsa lintho tse latelang:
1. ketelo http://gps-trace.com/, e escolha “Sign-In” e em “Create an account for free” ho theha ak'haonte.
2. Faça o login em http://orange.gps-trace.com/ para iniciar a configuração.
3. Click konopo “Activate” le tlatsa le masimong:
– lebitso: Poleiti kapa ea mohlala ea koloi ya hao,
– Tipo de dispositivo: GPS103-B,
– ID único: IMEI nomoro ya hao,
– Número do telefone: número do chip dentro do tracker (Ex: +556198761234),
– Senha de acesso ao dispositivo: a senha do Tracker
4. Ha boloka le koala skrine fetileng, seu Tracker irá aparecer do lado direito. Ha tsohle sebelitse tsoa, um ícone ficará verde, bontša 'mapeng boemo ba Tracker hao.
Observação: tabeng ea ka, o ícone só ficou ativo e o rastreamento só apareceu no mapa após alguns minutos, depois que andei com o carro.
Caso ainda tenha dúvida, assista o vídeo de Clêbson de Lima “COMO CADASTRAR RASTREADOR TK103 E 303 NO SITE DA ORANGE”:
Existe, ainda, um aplicativo para dispositivos móveis disponível no Google Play su IOS.
TrackerHome
Ha o ile a khetha ho sebelisa TrackerHome, etsa lintho tse latelang:
1. ketelo http://www.gpstrackerxy.com/, le khetha Server1 o tobetsa “registratevi” ho theha ak'haonte (Fumana IMEI romela SMS ho Tracker hao le taelo ea “imei123456”).
2. Loka kahare le tobetsa menu “Settings System> Terminal Management” ho eketsa Tracker hao.
3. Click konopo “eketsa” le tlatsa le masimong:
– IMEI No: IMEI nomoro ya hao,
– lebitso: Poleiti kapa ea mohlala ea koloi ya hao, su
– Model: Khetha Track khetho
4. Ha boloka le koala skrine fetileng, Tracker hao o tla hlaha ka lehlakoreng le letšehali. Ha tsohle sebelitse tsoa, e mong bolo letšoao fellang kateng tala, bontša 'mapeng boemo ba Tracker hao.
CorvusGPS
Ha o ile a khetha ho sebelisa CorvusGPS, etsa lintho tse latelang:
1. ketelo https://corvusgps.com/ le ho etsa ak'haonte (Bopa Free akhaonteng).
2. Loka kahare le tobetsa “GPS lilateli”.
3. Eketsa Tracker hao (tracker) ho tobetsa ea “Eketsa e ncha GPS Tracker”:
– Khetha sesebelisoa sa, tabeng ea ka, le TK103
– Khetha lebitso la bakeng sa sesebediswa, e ka ba ho etsa kapa lengolo poleiti
– Tlaleho IMEI nomoro ya Tracker hao
(Fumana IMEI romela SMS ho Tracker hao le taelo ea “imei123456”)
4. Mora phaella ka ho re Tracker hao, tobetsa “Show mapeng” 'me u itokiselitse, E bontša le 'mapa le boemo ba Tracker hao (koloi).
websaeteng ya semmuso ya CorvusGPS o fumana pukwanana mosebedisi ya le para TK102 ea e TK103 GPS Tracker.
libaka tsena ka bobeli ke fana ka di-setting tse ling tse thahasellisang, ho akarelletsa le mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea limmapa.
ho mamela / ho hlokomela
O ka siea Tracker tseleng “ho hlokomela” ho utloa sohle ka bophara.
kgontsha mamela
Romela SMS taelo ea tlase le emela karabo “Ok hlokomela”. mor'a sena, etsa mohoo o ho tracker ya nomoro ea mohala 'me u ka mamela tikoloho.
tima mamela
leha ho le joalo, haeba u ba ho sebedisa tsamaiso ea sebele nako e Web TrackerHome kapa CorvusGPS, etsa:
re falimehile mokhatlo oa
Tsobotsi ena e thahasellisa, etsoe ha u tsebisa ha koloi ea ho tsoa sebakeng :)
Kgontsha re falimehile mokhatlo oa
Romela SMS taelo ea tlase le emela karabo “susumelletsa Ok”. Haeba mokhatlo oa efe kapa efe, o fumane SMS “re fallele” le hokahanyang le.
re falimehile mokhatlo oa tima
Chip telephony M2M – Machine ho mochini
U ka sebelisa se le seng ladica i seleng ea ka ya data pakete, empa ha ke eletsa, ho fana ka le ho hongata haholo, bobeli prepaid ka leano khoeli. ka TIM, mohlala, tsoela ladica i le tla chelete ka $ karolelano 35,00.
Haeba u batla ho tsoela pele ka ladica i theko ka tracker hao, M2M Ke ha ho pelaelo hore le kgetho ya molemo ka ho fetisisa. Ka mothofatso ena (M2M) o tla qeta ka karolelano $ feela 10,00. E le M2M hangata ha e tla le sephutheloana SMS (ya data feela), e ka ba hantle hore u etsa litlhophiso tsa qalong crawler le ladica i e SMS, ka nako eo feela ka mpha. Ke lekoa 'me ba sebetsa ka tsela e phethahetseng.
O fumana ka 'maraka mahala Chip Vivo se nang moeli M2M Ho Tracker (na mwango ya kgwedi le kgwedi) e R $ 10,00.
hore!


text:
Ka diteng tsa bao e seng lohiloeng beephole
Boea bo kutiloeng Wall Murals entsoe ka poliester- le selulose sebelisoa masela a entsoeng, tse amana le khethehileng binders e thehiloeng polymers. Joale ho ea pele holim 'a leha e le efe a lakatsa mohlala kapa esita le fapaneng mehaho e ka ho hatisoa – ho ea ka tatso. Boea bo kutiloeng Wall Murals u se ke ua na le leha e le efe solvents, Boima tšepe kapa formaldehyde, 'me ba Ka hona tikoloho botsoalle.
A loketse bakeng sa bohle substrates
Sa tsotellehe hore na samente kapa lejoe, Plasterboard kapa le teng beephole – le mohlape wallpaper bohle substrates ka habonolo pasted. Esita le nyenyane utloe le kapa crazing ho bonolo ho pampiri le bona 'me esita le win ho bohale- le compressive matla a – ke poleloana e reng bakeng sa “peperana-bridging”. Other a proven dikarolo tsa bao e seng lohiloeng wallpaper tsa bona tsa e lumellang metsi ho kena ho metsi mouoane le flammability.
The wallpapering le bao e seng lohiloeng beephole ka ho ipapisa ho Wallpaper
A tabeng ea beephole pampiri mong le e mong terene lokela ho ka hloko pasted le e nepahetseng le bonolo nako ho hlomphuoa. Ho seng joalo, ho web atolosa le ho hongata haholo kapa rusolla ha a ntse a khomarela. Bao e seng lohiloeng wallpaper sena ha se etsa kopo: Ba habonolo sebelisoa ho ea pele ho pasted lerako ka holimo – ntle le eng kapa. Sena se facilitates wallpapering haholo le pholosa nako e ngata. Ka ho khetheha, le wallpapering ea siling fihla le beephole nonwoven bonahala khanya ka ho eketsehileng, hobane ba feela u se ke ua lokela ho soaked 'me ba batlang e le manganga ho rusolla. Kahoo, ba ile ba ba loketseng bakeng sa ho DIYers – bakeng sa batho ba, na le haholo ha kapa ho hang ha phihlelo le wallpapering.
E sebetsang tsamaiso ya wallpapering
The tshebetso a sebetsa bao e seng lohiloeng beephole ba fetisisa thulaganyo. Pele ho fihlela ke tsoaka ya ho peista, ea pele e lokela ho ba ka halofo ea hora, pele se sebelisoa. Nakong ena yohle e hlokehang beephole hlobolisa ka khaola. Haeba ho peista loketse, e lerako a potso feela netile le sekhomaretsi 'me joale glued bao e seng lohiloeng beephole hlobolisa ka hlobolisa. Mong le e mong pina tla hona joale smoothed, leha e le efe dipeakanyo ba felisoa – ho feta ha ho etsa. The beephole atolosa holim 'a ho kopana le ho peista ha e atolosa le konteraka nakong ea a ntse a omisa se ke ua hammoho. Ka lebaka lena, ho sebetsa patterned beephole bonolo haholo. Haeba beephole ba qetellong nkeloa sebaka, e ka ka hulwa tse seng kae mehato ea le hodima lerako omileng – ha ho na pele ho eng kapa kapa scraping ho hlokahala. Le bao e seng lohiloeng beephole wallpapering ka foleteng e e ngata monate, hobane e le ho le bonolo.
© dieter76 – Fotolia.com


text:
Klearfold ® Keeper Hlakileng mo diphuthelwaneng System
Ha tlhahiso ea meqolo e se lokafatsa dipeeletso lisebelisoa ente bōpa, rona patented Klearfold Keeper hlakile oona tsamaisong ambalaji e fana ikhethang mehaho merero, a tšoanang le temohisiso, empa ka theko ka tlase. The Klearfold Keeper ambalaji hlakile tsamaiso e khopo e na le e hlakileng sleeve polasetiki hore lintho li etselitsoe ho notlela ho lephaka-thehoa floating kapa hlakile polasetiki khetla. Vac-diterei clamshells ba iqapetse hore e lumellane le sebopeho sa sehlahiswa le ho lakatsa profil sefapano sectional sephutheloana.
Klearfold Keeper fana bonolo le o atlehang ka letsoho rarollela ... sehlahiswa e tletseng ka vac-floating le li-slide potlana-kopano ka hlakile sleeve polasetiki. Ka-a phuthilweng ditab ka sleeve ho kopanela ka flange khethehileng etselitsoeng ho vac-foromo, ho notlela le dikarolo tse peli sireletsehile hammoho, ntle le hore ho hlokahala hore liqibi wafer kapa tšebeliso ea sonic, RF, kapa mocheso thepa tiisoa.
A motona-hapa perforation ka hukung ya hlakile sleeve polasetiki e fana ka e ikhethang, ho le bonolo-a qalang tšobotsi. Ho tlosa o motona-hapa hape tlosa loko, e le hore floating ho ka habonolo disengaged tswa sleeve hlakileng.
US Number Patent: 8.936.188


text:
Sepheo sa khefu ea MasterCard Home Stop, Target, le barekisi ba bang ba maholo ba amehile ka ho toba e mong le e mong. Ka kakaretso, boholo ba likoloto tsa mokitlane ha bo felle ka boholo ba mofani.
E-ba seo ho ka khonehang, haholo-holo haufi le ntlo ke bothata boo bohle re neng re ka ba boemong ba ho nka taolo ea imeile. Ke eng e mengata ea ts'ireletso ea imeile e boemong bo phahameng ka ho fetisisa ba bokooa. Re ile ra kopa litaba tsa ts'ireletso le litsietsi tsa hau, mme ka ho fetisisa, boholo ba tsona bo ne bo amana le imeile.
Oliver King, Mookameli ea Atlehileng ea Mokhanni oa Semalt , o kopantsoe le litsebi tsa tšireletso tse haufi, tse ileng tsa ithaopela ho tseba ka se etsahetseng, litokisetso tse nahannoang le litlhahiso tsa ho boloka sebaka se lekaneng likotsing hamorao.
Litsebi: Grayson Milbourne, Greg Foss le Paul Madsen.
Oliver King: Haufinyane o rekile PC e 'ngoe e nang le Windows 7. Ho tloha ka nako eo ho ea pele, ke 'nile ka kolobetsoa ka mokhoa o tsoetseng pele oa ho ts'oareloa - ka tsela e ikhethang e halefisang. Boholo ba melaetsa ena e na le "ho ikhethela" ho khetha ho tobetsa. Hang ka nakoana, li na le lihlopha tse peli tse fapaneng. Ke 'nile ka ngola letsatsi le leng le le leng, le hlokang nako e ngata ea tlhahiso-pele,' me karolo e 'ngoe ea lipapatso tse tšoanang e ntse e khutla. Na ho na le mokhoa o phahameng oa ho lahla likokoana-hloko?
Webroot: tokisetso ea ho itokolla ntle ho melaetsa e mengata ea spam e bobebe 'me e sebelisoa ke bahlaseli ho khetholla ha ba fumana aterese ea" imeele "e nang le monyetla oa ho eketseha spam.
LogRhythm: Maemong a mang, spam e ka ba e ikhethang ka mokhoa o ikhethang ho e lahla. Ho sa tsotellehe hore ha ho lumelloe ke bahoebi ho tsoela pele ba u romela melaetsa ka mor'a hore u tlohe, ba bang ba hlokomoloha sena 'me ba tsoela pele ho romela mangolo ho sa tsotellehe boemo leha e le bofe.
Tsela e nepahetseng ea ho thibela ka ho feletseng sena sekoti ke ho hlasela mangolo a sa rateheng. Sena ka tlhaho se tla romela mangolo kapa mangolo-tsoibila ao u a fumanang ho bona ho ea ho sesepa sa lithōle.
Oliver King: Ke na le litlaleho tse peli tsa imeile. Matsatsi a 'maloa a fetileng, ho hlakile hore ke tl'o tšoasa litlhapi tse fosahetseng tlalehong ea ka ea Gmail,' me hona joale ke qoelisoa akhaonteng ea CenturyLink le ho sa rateheng ho ntšetsa pele maemong a mangata. Nka khaotsa see joang?
Webroot: Beha melaetsa e le spam kapa junk ho tloha lenaneong la Gmail. Ho etsa joalo ho tla thusa ho theola palo ea spam eo u e fumanang.
LogRhythm: Tsela e loketseng ea ho lekanyetsa sena ke ho sebelisa li-filters. Google e na le poso e tsotehang ea hore na filters e sebetsa joang le hore na u ka li sebelisa joang ho rarolla bothata.
Oliver King: Ho likhoeli tse sa tsoa feta, ke 'nile ka fumana melaetsa ea melaetsa ea melaetsa ea mabeli kapa e mene letsatsi le leng le le leng ho tloha atereseng ea Russia. Ke ka 'na ka batla ho lemoha hore na melaetsa ena ke efe, leha ho le joalo, e hlokahalang ka ho fetisisa e ka' na ea batla ho ba felisa.
Webroot: Haeba melaetsa ena e tsoa atereseng e tšoanang, o lokela ho ba le matla a ho thibela aterese eo kapa ho e hlahloba e le litšila kapa spam.
LogRhythm: Ho ka etsahala hore ebe aterese ea hau ea imeile e kentsoe ka mokhoa o fosahetseng lenaneong la bona la likhetho. Tsela e nepahetseng ea ho thibela ho felisoa ka spam ena ke ho etsa hore mohlankana a fumane lebitso la imeile.


text:
Support bakeng sa Design Litsebi
Ka ambalaji moqapi u kamehla batla litsela tsa iqapele ho tshehetsa matshwaokgwebo hao kapa ea hao bareki 'me ho fumana lihlahisoa tsa tsona hlokometse tse rekisoang.
Hlakile mabokose polasetiki showcase lihlahisoa ka bokhabane, bopa aesthetics thabisang, 'me ntshetsa pele e eketsang boleng temoho. 'Me ba u lumella hore u ho bopa e ikhethang le leihlo-tšoasa merero mehaho le e hlakileng, ba bangata ba ke ke ha khoneha le paperboard.
HLP Klearfold tshehetsa o le ke keng ba lekanngoa lipolane bokgoni rona le le tletseng mala bokgoni rona ka potlako prototyping. 'Me re tla ba tšehetsa hao bareki le indasteri-isang theknoloji, le bokhoni ba ho tshehetsa kgolo, merabe e fapaneng simolodisiwa ga kumo. Re fana ka tikoloho-ratang APET, recycled-dikahare RPET, le bio PET lebokose limaraka, le rona dikhampani Bonolo Crease ® bona maduo a thekenoloji baka Klearfold ® hlakile mabokose polasetiki le a hlasimollang, mela e hloekileng eo ho phetha duleng diatla ka km gana tlatsa mela.
Ho fumana boitsebiso bo eketsehileng kapa ho tšehetso le moralo lenaneo ea hao e latelang, ka kōpo ikopanye Pōpo rona Manager Kamano, Karen Werther, ka 718 554-3271, kapa karen.w@hlpklearfold.com.


text:
PCWorld, e eang tlhahlobo saeteng ya dilepothopo, matlapa, iPads, likhomphutha komporong, bahatisi.
Lifehack, mohloli bakeng ditomotsebe tsa ho thusa ho ntlafatsa likarolong tsohle tsa bophelo ba rōna.
CNET, sebaka Tracks moraorao moreki thekenoloji breakthroughs tsohle.
Softonic ke sebaka ho sibolla dikopo ho fetisisa bakeng sa sesebediswa hao.
lenaneo lena o entse sohle seo nka se hlokahala ho etsa le ho feta. Ha ya khomphuta ya hao ea ka soahlamana ka tlase ho ka khoeli ka mor'a Ke ile ka reka lenaneo, Wondershare 'e Support leqephe ntataisa ka botjha ngodisa sehlahiswa. Couldn''t ba thabileng haholoanyane.
Ke na le robehileng Android ya data hlaphoheloa Software bakeng sa ha a ntse a le hona joale 'me ba sebediswa ho ka liselefouno tse sa tšoaneng mosebetsing. U ke ke ua lumela joang liselefouno tse ngata fumana silakanngoa beke le beke tse ling. Sena se hlile thusa le ho bareki dintlha le litokomane bohlokoa ho tloha disebedisweng tse ding tsa bona.
Dr. Fone e na le UI Hoa makatsa hore ebe e bonolo le lintho tse hlollang o ile a hlalosa mohato ka mohato litaelo, kahoo ha ho letho le ka mohlomong ea fosahetseng. Sena ke molemo ka ho fetisisa Data Recovery Software ke thulana.
Dr.Fone ke tsa morao-rao kanela sehlahisoa bōptjoa, Unbeatable, Le ka mohla a nahana theoha, mehopolo e hlollang, trully haholo. Sena u ka re, Dr.Fone fetohile sefahleho sa kenh ka boeona e ka e cha sefahleho se secha. Dr.Fone sebetsa ka batho ba mefuta eohle e teng theknolojing, lisebelisoeng esita le ho fihlela ho ladica i nyenyane ka ho fetisisa dikokwanyana. Lintho li tla tsamaea lefatšeng ka bophara ba ba bangata hakaalo, masiba a macha e hlollang, e seng feela eo, kamoo ho ka etsa sohle se le letho. eng kapa eng eo le ha ho le jwalo. Ke matla a ho ba le.
Re a leboha Molimo bakeng sa lenaneo lena e ea sebetsang ho mehlolo !!!!!!!!! Ho fumana TXT tsohle ke ne ke e le ho batla Im thabile haholo beke =) Ke ka ho feletseng ho kgothaletsa ena =) Molimo o Hlohonolofatsa
Ke ile ka nahana ke ne ke ile lahlehileng barali ba ka monate 16 letsatsi la tsoalo difoto le livideo ho sa feleng. Software ena bolokoa hlanya ka !! Haeba ho na le e ne e le lintlha phahameng, dr-fone ka sebele ba e mong ho e fumana ho 'na. Le ke e-s'o fumane letho hore etsa hore ke ikutloe ka tsela eo pele. Ke ile ka Inthaneteng ka batla setlankane khoutu ya ka hobane chelete ka e ne e le tlaase hore ke couldn''t khona le ne hoo e ka bang ka meokho ho fihlela ke ile ka fumana e 'ngoe' me a eona theko halofo !! Kea leboha dr.fone !!


text:
Hook:
Kajeno ke letsatsi leo bohle re hlahisa polelo e tloaelehileng
ankora ea ka li fetile kahoo shebella 'na tle phela'
Hammoho re eme khahlanong le mashano a tukang
'Me hona joale hore ke ile ka fumana mapheo oa ka ke loketse ho ea
tsoha, bohle re hlahisa polelo e tloaelehileng
Oh, oh oh oh oh
Bohle re hlahisa polelo e tloaelehileng
Oh, oh oh oh oh
Kajeno ho setse letsatsi
tsoha
Temana ea 1:
Tiisetsa Ke khutlisetsa ho ithorisa mabapi le dipina tsena joaloka
Ke halefetse haholo rang, a ka 'na ea ka morao jabela mics
Tlohela hopotsa 'nete ea mohla ke setse ke hype
Mamela tlohela hona o e sa gotta go home mpotsa habeli
Ke mona, Ke mona ho ithorisa ka eena joaloka Ke tsebahala ka
Ha a ntse a folks snore I'ma qalella
Molimo oa ka hase ha ho litsomong, 'Bakang a sebele, o sebele
Hona joale ho taba eo ka letsohong
Ke tseba moqapi, o 's phahameng ho feta bakhanni ba neng ba fofa marung a etselitsoe ka matsoho a hae
Ke ngolla u bolella bophelo ena ke khanare ea ka pane e
How I'ma tlohela mosebetsi ha re lokela ho ba le cryer ho re bolella hore re tsoha le ho ema?
Check lipolane sw
dude My, hore lebitla le ha lehae la hao
U bakela bile tsela ka tlas'a lefatše nako e telele haholo
Tse tšeletseng e tebileng nang le letsatsi lejoe ea hao
Sohle seo ba se buang, "Moshanyana eo sieo"
Tloho, ha u sa batla ho ea hae?
Na ha u batla ho ba ho feta clone e?
Na u tseba hore u ntse u mo ratang 'me u tsejoang?
Bohle re palama ka lehlakoreng tse fosahetseng
Empa re shapa sefubeng rona moshemane e fosahetseng
"Ha re hloke hore Molimo"
Re ka 'na ua re e ka melomo ea rona, empa re etsa ka bophelo ba rōna kaofela
Eo ke sebete leshano, o 's ea phahameng ka ho fetisisa ha ho haufi, bohle rea shoa
John 5:28,29, moahloli mona!
hlahisa polelo e tloaelehileng 'ohle
Hook