text:
Tarisa, Teerera & Urarame Bhuku 1: Kutanga Namwari
Zusammenfassung: Adam, Noah, Job, Abraham. 24 sections. It has a picture book to go along with the recording.
Skript Text
Nhungamidzo
Kwaziwa. Uya udzidze pamusoro pavanhu vokutanga kurarama panyika pano. Zvinhu zvakaitirwa vanhu ava naMwari zvinotidzidzisa zvakawanda nezvake. Tarisa mifananidzo iri mubhuku dzvuku paunenge uchiteerera kukaseti. Kaseti ine zvidzidzo zvinobva muBhuku raMwari, Bhaibheri. Enda pamufananidzo unotevera, paunonzwa rwiyo urwu.
Mufananidzo 1: Adhamu Nemhuka
Genesisi 1:1 - 2:14
Kuna Mwari mumwe chete. Iye Mweya. Anoziva zvinhu zvose uye ari kwose kwose. Pakutanga kwaiva naMwari chete; kunze kwaMwari kwakanga kusina chimwe chinhu chipenyu. Nyika sokuziva kwatinoiiita nhasi uno, yakanga isiko. Mwari akasika zvinhu zvose. Chokutanga, akasika chiedza. Mushure akaita denga, makore uye nenyika. Akakamuranisa gungwa nenyika yakaoma, miti yemhando dzose ndokutanga kukura. Akazoita zuva, mwedzi nenyeredzi. Akaita zvisikwa zvose zvipenyu, zviri panyika nezviri mugungwa. Munhu ari mumufananidzo uyu ndiAdhamu. Ndiye munhu wokutanga kurarama panyika pano. Mwari akamuita kubva muguruva renyika. Akaita munhu nomufananidzo wake. Mwari akaita kuti munhu amuzive iye Mwari (kuitira kuti mweya womunhu uve mumwe chete nomweya waMwari). Mifungo yose yomunhu nezvido zvake zvakapindirana nezvaMwari, uye akafamba naMwari.
Mufananidzo 2: Mukadzi Waadhamu
Genesisi 1:27-28, 2:15-25
Mwari akaisa Adhamu mubindu rakanga rakanaka kwazvo rainzi Edheni uye akamurayira kuti arichengete. Mubindu umu makanga mune miti yemhando dzose, yaisanganisira Muti woKuziva Zvakanaka neZvakaipa uye noMuti woUpenyu. Mwari akabvumira Adhamu kuti ape mhuka dzose neshiri dzose mazita. Kwakanga kune zvikono nezvikadzi pazvisikwa zvose. Zvakanga zvisingatyi munhu uye zvakanga zvisingamukuvadzi. Asi hapana kuwanikwa mubatsiri akanga akakwanira Adhamu. Saka Mwari akasika mukadzi somubatsiri waAdhamu. Mwari akaita kuti Adhamu avate hope huru kwazvo. Ipapo akatora rumbabvu kubva padivi raAdhamu. Kubva pambabvu iyi Mwari akaita mukadzi. Mwari akamuendesa kumurume. Murume nomukadzi vakanga vasina kusimira, asi vakanga vasinganyadziswi nazvo. Vaitaura naMwari sezvinoita shamwari. Kwakanga kusina kusuwa, rufu kana zvakaipa munzvimbo yaishamisa iyi.
Mufananidzo 3: Nyoka Mubindu
Genesisi 2:16-17, 3; Isaya 14:12
Mwari akarayira murume Adhamu akati, "Wakasununguka kuti udye zvinobva pamuti upi zvawo uri mubindu; asi haufaniri kudya zvinobva pamuti wokuziva zvakanaka nezvakaipa, nokuti pauchaudya uchafa zvirokwazvo." Asi Satani akanyengera mukadzi waAdhamu. Satani akanga ari mutumwa waMwari, asi akamukira Mwari akanga amusika. Aida kuti ave mukuru kuna Mwari. Saka Mwari akamudzinga kubva kudenga, uye Satani akava muvengi waMwari. Satani, iye akaipa, akauya kumukadzi ari nyoka. Nyoka yakamunyengera ndokuti akanga asingazofi mushure mokudya muchero wakanga wadziviswa. Mukadzi akadya ndokupawo mumwe muchero kuna Adhamu. Pavakangodya chete vakabva vaziva kuti vakanga vasina kusimira. Vakaziva kuti vakanga vasina kuteerera Mwari uye kuti ukama hwavo naMwari hwakanga hwapinduka. Vakabatanidza mashizha okuti vapfeke ndokubva vaedza kuvanda Mwari.
Mufananidzo 4: Adhamu Nomukadzi Wake Kunze Kwebindu
Genesisi 3:14-24
Pano mumufananidzo tinoona zvakaitika mushure mokunge Adhamu nomukadzi wake varega kuteerera Mwari. Mwari akavaranga nokuti vakanga varega kuteerera kurayira kwake, asi, chokutanga, Mwari akati kunyoka, "Nokuti waita izvi, watukwa kupfuura zvipfuwo zvose uye nokupfuura mhuka dzose dzesango!" Kubvira panguva iyoyo Satani akaramba ari muvengi waMwari nomunhu. Mwari akafanotaurawo kuti zvizvarwa zvaAdhamu nomukadzi wake zvaizokunda Satani. Jesu akaita izvi paakafira zvivi zvenyika uye akamuka kubva kuvakafa.
Mwari akati kumukadzi, "Ndichawedzera kwazvo kurwadziwa kwako mukubereka vana; uchabereka vana mukurwadziwa..." Mwari akaudza Adhamu kuti nokuti akanga ateerera kumukadzi wake uye akadya kubva pamuti, ivhu raizotukwa. Naizvozvo aizofanira kushanda zvakasimba kuti ivhu rimupe zvokudya zvinomukwanira iye nemhuri yake kusvikira afa. Mwari akavadzinga kubva mubindu.
Adhamu akatumidza mukadzi zita rokuti Evha, zvichireva kuti 'mupenyu'. Evha akamuberekera vana. Vanhu vose vakabva pana Adhamu naEvha. Adhamu naEvha, navanhu vose mushure mavo vane zvakaipa mavari uye zvakaipa izvi zvinovaparadzanisa naMwari uye navamwe vavo.
Mufananidzo 5: Noa Neareka
Genesisi 6:1 - 7:5
Vana vaAdhamu naEvha uye nezvizvarwa zvakatevera vakawanda kwazvo. Vakatevera nzira dzaSatani uye vakaita zvakaipa pamberi paMwari. Mwari akazvidemba kuti akanga aita munhu. Munhu mumwe chete ndiye akateerera Mwari. Zita rake ainzi Noa. Rimwe zuva Mwari akataura kuna Noa akati, "Ndava kuzoisa magumo kuvanhu vose, nokuti nyika yazara nokurwisana nokuda kwavo... Saka iwe zviitire (zvivakire) areka." Areka ingarava huru kwazvo. "Ndichauyisa mvura yamafashamu pamusoro penyika kuti iparadze zvipenyu zvose pasi pedenga, zvisikwa zvose zvine upenyu mazviri. Asi ndichaita sungano yangu newe. Pinda muareka, iwe nomukadzi wako, navanakomana vako uye navakadzi vavo. Unofanira kuisa muareka pamwe chete newe chikono nechikadzi pamhando dzose dzemhuka nedzeshiri, kuitira kuti zvirarame. Uye unofanira kuisa zvokudya zvemhando dzose zvokuti iwe nemhuri yako nemhuka mudye." Mwari akaudza Noa chaizvoizvo kuti aizovaka sei areka. Noa akaita zvose zvaakarayirwa naMwari.
Noa, paakanga achivaka areka, akaramba achiyambira vanhu kuti Mwari akanga achizovaparadza, asi vakaramba kutendeuka kubva kunzira dzavo dzakanga dzakaipa.
Mufananidzo 6: Mafashamu Makuru
Genesisi 7:6-23
Areka payakapera, Noa nemhuri yake, nemhuka dzose akapinda muareka. Mwari akapfiga musuo. Mushure mamazuva manomwe mvura yakatanga kunaya. Yakanaya kwamazuva makumi mana nousiku makumi mana. Zvitubu zvose zvepakadzika zvakatubuka uye mafashamu akazadza nyika yose. Vanhu vose vaiva kunze kweareka vakafa pamwe chete nemhuka dzose dzaiva kunze kweareka.
Mufananidzo 7: Muraravungu Nechivimbiso Chamwari
Genesisi 7:24 - 9:17
Noa nemhuri yake yose vakagara pamwe chete nemhuka muareka kwenguva inopfuura gore. Mvura payakazomira kunaya uye ikaoma panyika, vose vakabuda muareka. Ipapo Noa akavakira Mwari aritari, sezvaunoona pano. Akauraya dzimwe mhuka ndokudziita chibayiro kuna Mwari nokudzipisa paaritari. Mwari akafadzwa nazvo uye ndokubva aisa muraravungu mudenga. Akavimbisa kuti akanga asingazoparadzi zvinhu zvipenyu zvose namafashamu.
Mufananidzo 8: Shongwe Yebhabheri
Genesisi 11:1-9
Mwari akaudza Noa navanakomana vake vatatu kuti vabereke vana vakawanda vazadze nyika. Asi zvizvarwa zvavo hazvina kuteerera. Vakarega kuteerera Mwari ndokubva vafunga zvokuvaka guta guru (musha mukuru) waiva neshongwe yaiva yakareba kusvika mudenga denga. Mwari akaona guta neshongwe. Akaonawo kusateerera kwavo nokuzvikudza kwavo. Saka Mwari akati, "Kana vanhu ava vava somunhu mumwe vachitaura rurimi rumwe chete, vatanga kuita izvi, ... Uyai, ngatiburukei tindovapesanisa mutauro wavo kuti varege kunzwisisana." Mumufananidzo uyu vanhu havachanzwisisana. Saka vakamira kuvaka guta ndokubva vaenda kundogara kunzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana.
Mufananidzo 9: Jobho Anonamata Mwari
Jobho 1:1-12
Pano tinoona murume ainzi Jobho. Ari kupa chipiriso chinopiswa kuna Mwari. Jobho ainamata Mwari mumwe chete wechokwadi uye akanga asingateveri nzira dzaSatani. Jobho akanga ane vanakomana vanomwe navanasikana vatatu uye aipa zvipiriso achiitira vana vake. Aikumbira Mwari kuti avaregerere, kunyange vainge vatadzira Mwari nenzira ipi zvayo. Mwari akafadzwa naJobho. Akamuropafadza uye akaita kuti abudirire. Jobho akanga ane mapoka makuru ezvipfuwo uye navaranda vakawanda. Rimwe zuva Mwari akati kuna Satani akanga achifadzwa naJobho. Asi Satani akatanga kupomera Jobho mhosva pamberi paMwari. Akati Jobho akanga achingonamata chete Mwari kuitira kuti ave mupfumi. Satani akati kuna Mwari, "Kana mukabvisa zvose zvaanazvo Jobho, ipapo achakutukai." Mwari aiziva kuti Satani murevi wenhema uye aiziva kuti Jobho akanga ari murume akanaka aingoda kufadza Mwari chete. Saka Mwari akabvumira Satani kuti atorere Jobho zvinhu zvose kuti amuedze iye Jobho.
Mufananidzo 10: Jobho Munguva Yokuchema
Jobho 1:13-22
Mufananidzo uyu unoratidza zuva rokusuwa kukuru kuna Jobho. Varanda vake vakauya kwaari nenhau dzakaipa kwazvo. Muranda wokutanga akauya achimhanya ndokusvikoudza Jobho kuti vavengi vakanga vauraya vamwe varanda vake uye vakanga vapamba mombe dzake dzose uye nembongoro. Asati apedza kutaura mumwe muranda akasvika. Akati mheni yakanga yarova makwai navafudzi vamakwai. Vose vakanga vafa. Muranda wechitatu akauya ndokuudza Jobho kuti makororo akanga avarwisa ndokuvatorera ngamera dzake dzose.
Mumwe muranda akauya nenhau dzakanga dzakaipisisa ndokuti, "Vana venyu vanga vari pamabiko pamwe chete, pakarepo mhepo huru yakavhuvhuta ikaparadza imba ndokubva vafira imomo vose."
Anzwa izvi, Jobho akaveura musoro wake ndokuwira pasi nokusuwa. Akati, "Jehovha akapa uye Jehovha atora; zita raJehovha ngarirumbidzwe."
Kunyange zvazvo zvinhu zvakaipa zvose izvi zvakaitika, Jobho haana kutadza nokupa Mwari mhosva.
Mufananidzo 11: Jobho Anotambudzika
Jobho 2:1 - 41:34
Satani akaona kuti Jobho akanga achiri kukudza Mwari, saka akati kuna Mwari, "Kana mukakuvadza muviri waJobho, achakutukai." Mwari akabvumira Satani kuti aedze Jobho zvakare. Satani akaita kuti Jobho arware nechirwere chakaipisisa cheganda. Jobho akaenda kunze akatora chaenga akakwesha maronda ake nacho. Mukadzi wake akati kwaari, "Tuka Mwari ufe!" Asi Jobho akapindura achiti, "Tichagamuchira zvakanaka kubva kuna Mwari,tikashayiwa zvakaipa here?" Shamwari nhatu dzaJobho dzakauya dzikataura naye kwamazuva. Dzakatsvaga chikonzero chokutambudzika kwose kwaJobho. Dzakati aifanira kunge akanga aita chimwe chinhu chakaipa uye Mwari akanga achimuranga. Jobho haana kubvumiranana navo. Jobho akapa mibvunzo pamusoro penzira dzaMwari, asi haana kana kutombopindukira Mwari. Naizvozvo Mwari akaratidza ukuru hwake noruzivo rwake pamusoro pezvose kuna Jobho.
Mufananidzo 12: Jobho Anoporeswa, Anowana Zvose Zvakare
Jobho 42:1-17
Mumufananidzo uyu Jobho ava mutano nomupfumi zvakare. Ndichakuudza kuti izvi zvakaitika sei. Jobho paakasangana naMwari, akaziva ukuru hwaMwari ndokubva atendeuka (akati aiva nourombo chaizvo) nokuti akanga apa mibvunzo pamusoro penzira dzaMwari. Ipapo Mwari akataura nomumwe weavo vaipa Jobho mhosva ainzi Erifasi, akati, "Ndakakutsamwira iwe neshamwari dzako mbiri, nokuti hamuna kutaura zvakarurama pamusoro pangu, sezvakaitwa nomuranda wangu Jobho." Mwari akavaudzawo kuti vaende kuna Jobho vandozvibayira sechipiriso chavo chinopiswa uye kuti muranda wake Jobho avanyengeterere. Mwari akatiwo iye (Mwari) aizovaregerera. Jobho akanyengeterera shamwari dzake uye Mwari akagamuchira munyengetero wake. Mushure maizvozvi, Mwari akaita kuti ave noutano hwakanaka uye nomupfumi zvakare. Shamwari dzaJobho nehama dzake dzakauya kumabiko naye uye dzikamuvigira zvipo. Mwari akamupa vanakomana vanomwe navanasikana vakarurama vatatu. Jobho akararama kwenguva yakareba zvokuti akaona zvizvarwa zvake zvakawanda, uye akazofa akwegura kwazvo.
Nhungamidzo
Rega ndikutaurire nezvomurume ainzi Abhurama. Abhurama akateera Mwari uye kubudikidza naye vanhu vazhinji vakaropafadzwa. Gadzirira kuenda pamufananidzo unotevera paunonzwa rwiyo urwu.
Mufananidzo 13: Abhurama Anosiya Musha Wake
Genesisi 12:1 - 13:4
Mumufananidzo uyu unoona Abhurama, mukadzi wake Sarai, naRoti, mwanakomana womunun'una wake, navaranda vavo. Vari kuenda parwendo rurefu nokuti Mwari akati kuna Abhurama, "Siya nyika yako, vanhu vako neimba yababa vako uye uende kunyika yandichakuratidza. Ndichakuita rudzi rukuru uye ndichakuropafadza; ... uye vanhu vose vapanyika vacharopafadzwa kubudikidza newe." Abhurama akatenda chivimbiso chaMwari. Iye nevamwe vake vakatora pfuma yavo yose ndokufamba kwamazuva mazhinji kusvikira vasvika kunyika yeKenani. Ikoko Mwari akazviratidza kuna Abhurama ndokuti, "Ndichapa nyika iyi kuvana vako."
Abhurama akanga afamba nomunyika, asi paakasvika kuNegevhi nzvimbo iri zasi kweKenani, nzara yakavamo munyika, uye vakashayiwa zvokudya. Abhurama navanhu vake vakabva vatoona kuti vaifanira kuenda kune imwe nyika yainzi Ijipiti, kuti vawane zvokudya. Asi mushure maizvozvo akadzokera kuKenani, nokuti akanga achiri kutenda chivimbiso chaMwari kwaari.
Mufananidzo 14: Abhurama Naand Roti
Genesisi 13:5-18
Abhurama naRoti vakagara pamwe chete muKenani. Vakanga vane zvipfuwo zvakawanda zvokuti mafuro haana kuvakwanira munzvimbo imwe chete. Saka gakava rakamuka pakati pavafudzi vaAbhurama nevaRoti. Ipapo Abhurama akati kuna Roti, "Ngaparege kuva negakava pakati pako neni, kana pakati pavafudzi vako nevangu, nokuti tiri hama." Abhurama akaudza Roti kuti asarudze chikamu chipi zvacho chenyika chaaida. Roti aida kuzviwanira zvakanyanyisa kunaka, saka akasarudza mupata wakaorera weRwizi Jorodhani, uye nzvimbo iyi yaiva namaguta okugara. Roti akaenda kundogara mumupata uyu pedyo neguta rainzi Sodhomu. Vanhu veSodhomu vakanga vakaipa kwazvo. Vakanga vasingafadzi Mwari. Abhurama akagara munyika yeKenani uye imomo Mwari akataura kwaari zvakare. Mwari akati, "Nyika yose yauri kuona, ndichakupa iwe nezvizvarwa zvako nokusingaperi."
Mufananidzo 15: Abhurama Anosangana Namambo Worugare
Genesisi 14:1-24
Roti paakanga achigara mumupata, hondo yakatanga. Roti nemhuri yake vakatorwa savatapwa pamwe chete navanhu vose veSodhomu. Saka Abhurama navanhu vake vakanga vane zvombo akaenda kundosunungura Roti. Vakakunda muvengi ndokuponesa vose vakanga vatapwa pamwe chete nepfuma yavo. Pavakanga vava kudzoka kubva kuhondo vakasangana nomumwe mambo, sezvauri kuona mumufananidzo uyu. Zita ramambo uyu rainzi Merikizedheki. Akanga ari mambo weguta rainzi Saremu, zvichireva kuti 'rugare'. Merikizedheki ainamata Mwari uye achimufadza. Merikizedheki akauya kuna Abhurama nechingwa newaini. Abhurama akakotama pamberi paMerikizedheki ndokumupawo zvipo.
Mambo weSodhomu aidawo kupa Abhurama zvipo nokuti akanga aponesa vanhu vake, asi Abhurama akaramba kugamuchira chinhu kubva kuna mambo akanga akaipa uyu.
Mufananidzo 16: Abhurama Nenyeredzi
Genesisi 15:1-21, 17:1-19
Mushure mokunge Abhurama anunura Roti navanhu vose veSodhomu, Roti akadzokera kuguta rakanga rakaipa iri. Ipapo Mwari akataura kuna Abhurama, akati, "Usatya, Abhurama. Ndini nhoo yako, mubayiro wako mukuru kwazvo." Asi Abhurama akasuwa nokuti Mwari akanga asina kumupa mwanakomana kuti ave mudyi wenhaka yake. Nokuda kwaizvozvo Mwari akabudisa Abhurama panze ndokuti, "Tarisa, uedze kuverenga nyeredzi. Uchava nezvizvarwa zvakawanda saizvozvo." Abhurama akatenda chivimbiso chaMwari, kunyange zvazvo akanga asati ava navana.
Mufananidzo 17: Mucheche Ishumaeri
Genesisi 16 - 17
Tarisa! Abhurama ava nomwana mukomana. Izvi zvakaitika sokudai: Abhurama akanga agara muKenani kwamakore gumi, achakamirira kuti agamuchire zvakanga zvavimbiswa naMwari, nokuti Sarai, mukadzi wake, akanga asati ava nomwana. Sarai akanga ane muranda ainzi Hagari. Aida kuti Hagari aite mwana naAbhurama uye ipapo Sarai aizotora mwana omuita wake. Ndiyo yaiva tsika mumazuva iwayo. Saka Hagari akava napamuviri paAbhurama. Sarai akamuitira godo. Akatanga kumubata zvisina kunaka, zvokuti Hagari akatiza.
Asi mutumwa waMwari akasangana naHagari ndokutaura naye. Akati kwaari, "... uchava nomwanakomana. Uchamutumidza zita rokuti Ishumaeri, nokuti Jehovha anzwa nezvokutambura kwako. Ishumaeri zvinoreva kuti 'Mwari anonzwa'. Achava mbizi yomunhu; ruoko rwake rucharwa navanhu vose uye ruoko rwavanhu vose rucharwa naye, uye achararama mukupesana nehama dzake dzose." Ishumaeri akaberekwa uye akazova baba vavanhu vechiArabhu.
Makore gumi namatatu mushure mokuberekwa kwaIshumaeri, Mwari akauya kuna Abhurama akati kwaari, "Ndini Mwari Wamasimba Ose; famba pamberi pangu uye uve wakarurama. Ndichasimbisa sungano yangu pakati pako neni uye ndichakukurisa kwazvo." "Kana ndirini, iyi ndiyo sungano yangu newe: Uchava baba vendudzi zhinji.Hauchazonzi Abhurama; zita rako richava Abhurahama, nokuti ndakuita baba vendudzi zhinji."
Nokuda kwezita idzva raakanga apiwa naMwari, Abhurahama akaziva kuti Mwari aizomupa zvizvarwa zvakawanda.
Mwari akatiwo kuna Abhurahama, "Nyika yose yeKenani, ... ndichaipa kwauri nokuzvizvarwa zvako zvinokutevera, uye ndichava Mwari wavo."
Mwari akapindurawo zita raSarai rikava Sara. Mwari akavimbisa kuti aizomuropafadza uye achizoberekera Abhurahama mwanakomana.
Mufananidzo 18: Sara Anoseka
Genesisi 18:1-15
Rimwe zuva vatumwa vatatu vaMwari vakauya kutende raAbhurahama. Abhurahama akadana Sara kuti azogadzira zvokudya, uye iye Abhurahama ndiye akavapa zvokudya. Ipapo varume vaya vakabvunza Abhurahama vakati, "Mukadzi wako Sara aripiko?" Abhurahama akapindura akati, "Ari mutende umo." Mumwe wavarume vatatu vaya akanga ari Jehovha Mwari pachake uye akati kuna Abhurahama, "Zvirokwazvo ndichadzokazve gore rinouya nenguva inenge ino uye Sara mukadzi wako achava nomwanakomana." Sara akamunzwa ndokubva aseka ari oga nokuti akanga apfuura makore ake okubereka vana. Akanga asingatendi zvakanga zvataurwa. Ipapo Mwari akataura kuna Abhurahama akati, "Seiko Sara aseka achiti, 'Ndichava nomwana zvechokwadi here, sezvo zvino ndakwegura?' Pane chinhu chakanyanya kuoma kuna Jehovha here? Ndichadzokazve kwauri gore rinouya panguva dzakatarwa uye Sara achava nomwanakomana."
Mufananidzo 19: Abhurahama Anonyengeterera Sodhomu
Genesisi 18:16 - 19:29
Vashanyi pavakasimuka kuti vachienda, Abhurahama akafamba navo kuti vaende zvavo. Vakatarisa zasi kuSodhomu, Mwari ndokuudza Abhurahama kuti akanga achizoshanyira Sodhomu. Akanga achironga kuparadza maguta eSodhomu neGomora nokuti vanhu vaiva imomo vakanga vachiita zvinhu zvakanga zvakaipa pamberi paMwari. Vakanga vasiya urongwa hwaMwari pamusoro poukama hutsvene pakati pomurume nomukadzi. Abhurahama akarangarira Roti ndokuti kuna Jehovha Mwari, "Ko, muchaparadza vakarurama pamwe chete navakaipa here? ... Mutongi wenyika yose haangaiti zvakarurama here?" Abhurahama akatanga kukumbirisa Mwari. Pakupedzisira Mwari akati akanga asingazoparadzi Sodhomu kana aizowana vanhu gumi chete vaishumira Mwari. Jehovha paakapedza kutaura naAbhurahama, akaenda, Abhurahama ndokudzokera kumba.
Asi muSodhomu makanga musina kunyange varanda vaMwari gumi. Vatumwa vaviri vaMwari pavakauya kuSodhomu, vakaona kuipa kwavanhu. Vatumwa vakarayira Roti nemhuri yake kuti vatize kubva muSodhomu uye akavaudzawo kuti vasatarisa shure, nokuti Mwari akanga anzwira Roti tsitsi. Mwari akatuma moto kubva kudenga ukaparadza Sodhomu neGomora pamwe chete navanhu vakaipa vose vaigaramo. Roti nemhuri yake vakatiza kwasara nguva shoma shoma, asi vari munzira, mukadzi wake akatarisa shure pakarepo ndokubva apinduka akava churu chomunyu.
Abhurahama akanga akumbirisa Mwari kuti aponese vanhu vose vakanga vakarurama. Roti navanasikana vake vaviri chete ndivo vakararama, nokuti Mwari akayeuka Abhurahama kuti akakumbirira sei Roti.
Mufananidzo 20: Chibayiro Chaabhurahama
Genesisi 21:1 - 22:19
Sara paakanga ava namakore makumi mapfumbamwe okuberekwa akabereka mwana mukomana, sokuvimbiswa kwazvakanga zvaitwa Abhurahama naMwari. Abhurahama akanga atova namakore 100 kare. Vakapa mukomana zita rokuti Isaka, zvinoreva kuti 'anoseka'.
Isaka paakanga achiri mukomana mudiki, Mwari akaedza Abhurahama. Mwari aida kuona kuti Abhurahama aizomuteerera here. Mwari akati kwaari, "Tora mwanakomana wako mumwe oga Isaka, waunoda, umupe sechibayiro kwandiri." Abhurahama akateerera Mwari. Abhurahama akaisa huni pana Isaka iye ndokutakura moto nebanga. Vaviri ava pavakanga vachifamba pamwe chete, Isaka akati, "... ko, gwayana rechipiriso chinopiswa riripiko?" Abhurahama akapindura akati, "Mwari pachake ndiye achapa gwayana rechipiriso chinopiswa, mwanakomana wangu." Abhurahama akavaka aritari, akaisa huni pairi, ipapo akasunga mwanakomana wake ndokumuisa paaritari. Abhurahama paakanga ava kusimudza banga kuti auraye Isaka, mutumwa waMwari akataura kwaari akati, "Usaisa ruoko rwako pamukomana. Usatomboita chinhu kwaari. Zvino ndaziva kuti unotya Mwari, nokuti hauna kundinyima mwanakomana wako, mwanakomana wako mumwe chete." Ipapo Abhurahama akaona gondohwe rakabatwa nenyanga dzaro pagwenzi. Akapa gondohwe sechibayiro kuna Mwari pachinzvimbo chomwanakomana wake. Saka Mwari akati kwaari, "Zvirokwazvo ndichakuropafadza (ndichakuitira zvakanaka)... uye kubudikidza nezvizvarwa zvako (vana vako) ndudzi dzose dzenyika dzicharopafadzwa, nokuti wanditeerera."
Mufananidzo 21: Abhurahama Nomuranda Wake
Genesisi 24:1 - 25:11
Abhurahama paakanga akwegura kwazvo, akadana muranda wake ndokuti, "Ndivimbise kuti uchaenda kunyika yangu nokuhama dzangu, ugondoteorera Isaka mwanakomana wangu mukadzi." Abhurahama akanga asingadi kuti Isaka abude munyika yakanga yavimbiswa naMwari, kana kuti azvitorere mukadzi kubva pakati pavakadzi vechiKenani. Muranda akateerera Abhurahama ndokufamba rwendo achienda kuguta raNahori. Ikoko akakumbira Mwari kuti amutungamirire mukutsvaga mukadzi akanga akakodzera Isaka. Imwe mhandara yakanga yakanaka kwazvo yainzi Rabheka yakauya kubva muguta kuti izochera mvura patsime. Akada kucherera muranda waAbhurahama nengamera dzake gumi mvura. Muranda aiziva kuti Mwari akanga amutungamirira kumhandara iyi uye kuti ndiyo mhandara yaaitsvaga. Akazoziva kuti akanga ari muzukuru womunun'una waAbhurahama. Muranda akanamata Mwari uyo akanga apindura munyengetero wake uye akamutungamirira kuhama dzatenzi wake. Saka Rabheka akava mukadzi waIsaka. Abhurahama akafa ava namakore 175 okuberekwa. Upenyu hwake hwose akanga avimba naMwari kuti aizochengeta zvivimbiso zvake, saka Mwari akanga amugamuchira uye akamuropafadza.
Mwari achiri kuropafadza avo vose vanovimba naye sezvakaitwa naAbhurahama.
Mufananidzo 22: Jesu Anoberekwa
Mateo 1:18-25; VaGaratia 4:4-5
Shoko raMwari nderechokwadi. Mwari haatomborevi nhema. Mwari akaudza Adhamu kuti aizotuma Musanangurwa wake kuti azokunda Satani. Akayambira Noa kuti aizoparadza vose vakanga vakaipa. Mwari akaratidza Jobho kuti anoda kuti tive tiite zvakanyanyisa kutinakira. Akaratidza Abhurahama kuti anochengeta zvivimbiso zvake nguva dzose.
Mumufananidzo uyu unoona mucheche anonzi Jesu. Panguva yakakodzera akaberekwa kunyika yeKenani, iyo yainzi Israeri. Zita ramai vake rainzi Maria uye aiva chizvarwa chaAbhurahama naIsaka. Maria akanga ari mhandara paakabereka Jesu. Jesu akanga asina baba vapanyika. Mwari ndiye Baba vake. Jesu ndiye anouyisa maropafadzo kunyika yose. Akauya kuzozadzisa chivimbiso chaMwari chokuti Satani aizokundwa uye tigodzokera kuna Mwari.
Mufananidzo 23: Kufa Kwajesu
VaGaratia 3:13-14
Jesu akati akura akava murume mukuru, akadzidzisa vanhu nzira dzaMwari. Jesu akaita zvishamiso zvakawanda kuti aratidze kuti akanga abva kuna Mwari. Asi vanhu havana kutenda kwaari. Vakauraya Jesu nokumuroverera pamuchinjikwa wamatanda. Murwi akamubaya padivi nepfumo kuti ave nechokwadi kuti akanga afa.
Mwari akaudza Adhamu kuti aizofa kana akadya kubva pamuti. Tose hatina kuteerera Mwari uye tinofanira kufa nokusingaperi. Unoyeuka kuti Mwari akapa gondohwe kuna Abhurahama kuti ariuraye sechibayiro pachinzvimbo chaIsaka. Nenzira imwe cheteyo Mwari, kunze kwokutongera vanhu vose rufu rwokusingaperi, akapa Mwanakomana wake mumwe woga, Jesu, kuti afe sechibayiro chezvivi zvavanhu vose. Hongu, chivi chedu chakatiparadzanisa naMwari. Jesu ndiye nzira yokudzokera nayo kuna Mwari.
Mufananidzo 24: Jesu Mupenyu
Johani 20:19-29
Shamwari dzaJesu dzakaisa mutumbi wake muguva. Akava muguva kwamazuva matatu. Ipapo akamuka kubva kuvakafa. Rufu haruna kugona kusunga Jesu, Mwanakomana waMwari. Jesu akazviratidza kuvadzidzi vake uye akamira pakati pavo. Vose vakashamiswa. Mumwe mudzidzi ainzi Tomasi, akanga asipo pamwe chete navamwe, Jesu paakauya kwavari. Tomasi akati kwavari, "Kunze kwokunge ndaona mavanga ezvipikiri mumaoko ake uye ndikaisa munwe wangu pakanga pane zvipikiri, uye ndikaisa ruoko rwangu parutivi rwake, handingatendi."
Mushure mevhiki, Jesu akazviratidza zvakare kwavari. Tarisa mufananidzo. Jesu akaratidza Tomasi mavanga ezvipikiri mumaoko ake uye akaudza Tomasi kuti aise maoko ake padivi rake. Ipapo kuna Tomasi akati, "Rega kukahadzika uye utende." Jesu akatiwo, "... vakaropafadzwa avo vasina kuona asi vakatenda."
Hatifaniri kuva saTomasi akakahadzika pamusoro pezvakaitwa naMwari. Yeuka kuti Mwari akati kuna Adhamu aizotuma mumwe aizokunda Satani. Jesu paakafa pamuchinjikwa uye akamuka kubva kuvakafa, akakunda Satani. Satani haana simba pamusoro pavanhu vanotenda kuna Jesu, vanovimba naye uye vanomuteerera. Izvi ndizvo chaizvo zvakavimbiswawo Abhurahama naMwari. Mwari akamuvimbisa kuti ndudzi dzose panyika pano dzaizoropafadzwa kubudikidza naye. Maropafadzo aya ndeokuti: tinogona kuponeswa kubva kuchivi chedu uye tigogara naMwari nokusingaperi. Maropafadzo aya akauya kubudikidza naJesu. Tinogona kugamuchira maropafadzo aya kana tikatenda kuna Jesu uye tikateerera Shoko rake.


c: text/html

text:
Rainbow Chipikiri Drill Bits Set Diamond
Chigadzirwa Chigadzirwa
Chigadzirwa Mateki
Aya mabheji ekuchengetedza kwembambo yezvipikiri akatetepa kusvika kune yakavharirwa nzvimbo iyo inogona kubatsira mabheti kuti apinde munzvimbo dzakasimba dzezvipikiri. Inyore kushandisa, ganda-rinodzivirira, rakanakira nzara yekuisa zvinowedzera uye nekuchenesa iyo cuticle nzvimbo, mativi emadziro. Daimondi carbide zvinhu hazvisi zvekungodzivirira chete asi zvakare zvinogona kudzivirira kubva pakupisa kwekukuvara nekupisa kupisa.Pane zvakaomarara grits, yepakati grit uye yakanaka grit. Zvimedu makumi matatu zvipikiri zvipikiri zvekuboora mamodheru anogona kuchinjika kune akasiyana masimba kuti aite akasiyana nyanzvi nyanzvi zvipikiri mabasa. Zvakadai sekurodza, kukuya, kuchenesa, kuveza, kutsetseka, kupolisha, uye kugadzirisa zvakare gel uye acrylic mbambo nekukurumidza zvakanyanya.
30PCS dzakasiyana nzara dzekuboora mabhendi, wepasirese 3/32 "(2.35mm) saizi simbi isina simbi shank, inokodzera michina yemagetsi yakawanda yemachira anoshandisa 3/32" bits. Inogadzikana kwenguva yakareba yekushandisa, yakakodzera chipikiri salon, yekunakirwa imba, spa kana wega manicure pedicure, DIY chipikiri art kumba.
Chipikiri chibooreso matomu ane ngura inodzivirira, pamwe nekusavhara kwembambo. Chipikiri bhurasho zvishoma zvinogona kuchenesa guruva pazvidimbu kana zvipikiri, chengetedza mabiti mushure mekushandisa kwega kwega, chengetedza iwe nezvipikiri zvako zvine hutano.
Yakasimba yedhaimani zvinhu izvo zvinogona kumira kusvika pakakora uye zvakaomarara nzara pasina kutyora. Nyore kubvisa rakawandisa kana rakafa ganda uye kumenya uye kuumba zvipikiri. Chang yako yemhizha chipikiri basa, iwe unogona DIY mbambo art kumba.
Yakagadzirwa yemhando yepamusoro uye yakaoma-yakapfeka daimond, ine ngura kuramba uye kusimba. Dhizaini yakasarudzika ndeyehunyanzvi kuti iwe uite yako mbambo nyowani uye inodzivirira ganda rako kubva kukuvara.
Saizi inotsikika nyore kutakura newe chero kupi. Yakakunakira uye inoshanda kwauri kuti uite yako chipikiri mifananidzo, kuchengetedza nguva yako. Idzi nzara dzekuboora maturusi maturusi anogona kubhowa nekutsvedza nzara yako, kukuya chimiro uye kubvisa gel nzara kana ganda rakafa.

robotstxt: allowed

filter: keep


text:
Wakamboverenga zororo rako online?
Ipapo mikana yakakwira kuti iwe wakasangana nezvipiwa zvinouya zvinonyanya kukwezva kupfuura zvavanopedzisira vaita, nekugumbuka kuzhinji semhedzisiro. Kuongororwa kweEuropean Commission uye neEU zviremera zvekuchengetedza vatengi zvakatoratidza kuti zvikamu zviviri kubva muzvitatu zvemawebhusaiti ekubhuka emazororo hazvina kuvimbika. Mutengo wakaratidzwa kazhinji hausi kuenzana nemutengo wekupedzisira, zvinopihwa zvekusimudzira zvinogona kunge zvisingawanikwe pachokwadi, mutengo wese unowanzo sanzwisisika kana mawebhusaiti haana kujeka nezve chaiwo makamuri ekupa. Vakuru veEU saka vakumbira mawebhusaiti akakodzera kuti aite zvinoenderana nemitemo inoshanda.


text:
Yakakwira-inoshanda Nanofiber membrance Mask
Chigadzirwa Nhamba
Chigadzirwa Matagi
Shandong Bluefuture Nanofiber membrance Mask
Electrostatic inosora inoshanda nanofiber membrane chinhu chitsva chine hupamhi hwekuvandudza tarisiro. Iyo ine zvidiki zvekubikwa, inenge 100 ~ 300 nm, yakakura yakatarisana nzvimbo nzvimbo. Iyo inopedzwa nanofiber membranes ine maitiro ehuremu hwekurema, yakakura nzvimbo yenzvimbo, diki yekushambidzika, yakanaka yemweya kutaridzika nezvimwe, ita kuti zvinhu zvacho zvive nehurongwa hwekushandisa tarisiro mukufetera, zvinhu zvekuchipatara, mvura isingabviri kufemerwa uye kumwe kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza uye simba munda.
Iyo aperture yeanofiber membrane ndeye 100-300 nanometers, iyo aperture yemanyungudutswa-blown mucheka ndeye 1-5 micrometer iyo parizvino faira zvinhu yakanyungudutswa-yakarohwa machira. Iyo yekudzivirira mhedzisiro inonamira nanofiber membrane iri nani, yefuruwenza mavairasi uye novel coronaviruses iyo yakaenzana pakati pe100-200 nanometers.
Wedzera membrane yeanofiber kune mask. Kuti uwane humwe hunhu hwekuchenesa, kunyanya kupurindwa kwekupfutira kwemoto zvakazara, magasi emakemikari, masisitimu emafuta. Yakagadzirisa zvakashata zvekubhadharisa adsorption yemanyungudutswa-mucheka mucheka nekushandurwa kwenguva nenzvimbo uye kuwanikwa kweefetita basa. Nokurumidza wedzera iyo antibacterial basa, kugadzirisa dambudziko rehuwandu hwepamusoro hwekutapukirwa kwehutachiona yezvinhu zvinopesana nehutachiona zvinowanikwa mumusika. Ita kuti kuchengetedzwa kuve kwakanyanya kushanda uye kunogara.
1.High-ufanisi yakaderera kuramba, hazvizoiti zviitiko zvekufema
2.Fine firita. Panyama uye electrostatic adsorption yakapetwa kaviri, ikabatanidzwa neanofiber membrance uye mucheka-wakarukwa mucheka kuti uuye kuzere mukana weiyo hierarchical kusefa nekuita maviri.
3.Kuwanira murombo wemuhedhiyo mhedzisiro yezvinhu zviri pamusika kune maoyini masisitimu .Uye akaziva nhoroondo yekuchinja kweiyo Oiri uye isiri-yemafuta faira maitiro technical barriers.
4.Sololla zvakashata izvo c harge nyore nyore disappear and poor filter effect of melt-blown cotton
5.Iinogona kubatanidza basa reAnti-bhakitiriya, anti-immune uye deodorant


text:
Muna Ndira 2020, Instagram yakashuma vangangoita bhiriyoni pamwedzi vashandisi. Uyai Ndira 2021, iyo nhamba inosungirwa kukwira notch dzinoverengeka uye uku kukurumidza kukurumidza kwevashandisi ve Instagram kungoenda kuratidza kuti papuratifomu yasvika sei. Nhasi, Instagram iguru mashini ekugadzira mari emabhizinesi uye vezvenhau vevanokurudzira, ndosaka iri yakawanda kupfuura pasocial media chikuva. Kune rimwe divi, iri ibasa revazhinji. Iwo akakurisa mhando uye vezvenhau vevanosimudzira vari kugadzira mamirioni pasiti, saka nei uchifanira kusiiwa kumashure? Usati watanga kuita imwe mari chaiyo kubva ku Instagram, iwe unofanirwa kushanda nesimba kukudziridza mufananidzo wako pachikuva. Pane zvinhu zvishoma zvinoraira kuti nekukurumidza sei uye marii yaunoita kuburikidza ne Instagram. Izvi zvinosanganisira zvauri, hunhu hunomiririrwa nechiratidzo chako, zvaunofanira kupa, uye kuti vanhu vangani vanovimba newe uye vanotendeukira kwauri kuti uwane mhinduro. Kugadza kuzivikanwa kwechiratidzo chako uye kuona mhando yezvigadzirwa uye / kana masevhisi ibasa rako guru. Asi, pane nzira dzekukurumidza kuwedzera huwandu hwevateveri vako. Sarudzo dzekuti uwane mahara vateveri vepa Instagram uye dzimwe nzira dzakabhadharwa dzinogona kukupa muganho pamusoro pevanokwikwidza. Izvi kunyanya zvine chekuita nekusvika kune wauri kutarisa vateereri uye nekuita inogara kwenguva refu. Mune ino posvo, isu ticha nyatso tarisa maitiro ekuti kuve nevazhinji vateveri ve Insta vanogona kukuitira zvishamiso. Saka, pasina imwezve ado, ngatipindei imomo!
Zvakanakira kuve nevateveri vazhinji pa Instagram
Pa Instagram, kuedza ndiyo nzira uye mari ndiwo magumo. Nekudaro, iwe unongo svikako kana iwe uine vamwe vateveri ve Instagram Heano mamwe mabhenefiti anoshamisa iwe aunotanga kuona kana vateveri vako kuverenga vachiramba vachikwira zvakaringana.
- Zvimwe zvinotora zvechigadzirwa chako: Izvo zvaunofanira kupa hazvigone kuburitsa yakawanda buzz kunze kwekunge yasvikira kune vanhu vazhinji pakati pevateereri vako. Uine vateveri vazhinji, iwe uchave nerinowirirana, inokura rwizi rwevanhu vasingangogovane zvako zvemukati asi vatenge zvigadzirwa zvako futi. Mamwe eanobatsira kwazvo Instagram niches anosanganisira kufamba uye kushanya, runako, hutano uye kugwinya, fashoni, kurera, mararamiro, bhizinesi, chikafu, kutora mifananidzo, uye mimhanzi Tora Jane Selter semuenzaniso. Iine vanopfuura mamirioni gumi nemaviri vateveri ve Instagram, iyo fitness modhi yanga iri munhu anozivikanwa pa Instagram yekusimudzira kurovedza muviri, hutano, uye hutano hwakanaka. Jane ndiye muenzaniso wakakwana wemumwe munhu anofarira chimwe chinhu (kwaari, kugwinya). Iye arikushandisawo nguva yake kuigovana nevanhu vane mafungiro akafanana pasirese. Zvakaoma kufungidzira kuti imwe yeanonyanya kuzivikanwa mafitness emhando dze Instagram akambodhererwa zvichibva pakuonekwa. Nhasi, Selter anotambira zvakanaka kubva kuzvirongwa zvake zvekubhadhara zvemuviri uye zvakare kuburikidza ne Instagram, kwaanoramba achiwedzera kune vateveri vake zuva rega rega.
- Iwe unogona kuratidza pane Insta's Ongorora peji: Paunogadzira zita rako pachako mune yako niche uye uine yakanaka-yakakwana inotevera, yako posvo inogona kuoneka pane Yekutsvaga Instagram peji. Tiri kushandisa izwi rekuti 'vakadzikama-vakaringana' nekuti hapana mutemo wakaomarara uye wekukurumidza wekuti vateveri vangani vaunofanirwa kuve navo pane Instagram Ongorora. Instagram's Ongorora peji rakadzokororwa zvakare muna Chivabvu 2019 uye ikozvino, inoratidza yekufambisa bar iyo inobvumira vashandisi kusarudza mhando yezvinyorwa izvo zvavanoda kuona. Sarudzo dzinosanganisira IGTV, inova chaiyo Insta chikuva chekutarisa marefu-mafomu mavhidhiyo (miniti-imwe-pamwe mavhidhiyo), uye Shop - iyo Instagram yekutengesa chikuva. Padivi pe IGTV neShop, vashandisi vanogona zvakare kusarudza misoro yemusoro kuti vaone zvemukati kubva kune niches dzavanofarira. Semuenzaniso, kana yako Instagram account iri nezve chikafu, unogona kuverengerwa mune Ongorora peji remushandisi ari kutsvaga chikafu- zvine chekuita nazvo. Kuverengerwa pa Instagram Ongorora kunogona kuita kuti chiteshi chako chibatanidzwe nevashandisi vangangodaro vasina kana kumboziva iwe uripo uye izvo zvaunofanira kupa. Instagram ikozvino inobvumidza mabhenji kutenga kushambadza pa Ongorora. Nepo shambadziro dzakatengwa dzisingaratidzwe mune Yekuzviongorora chikafu pachayo, dzinogona kuwedzera mikana yekuti zita rako rionekwe.
- Wedzera webhusaiti traffic: Kana yako brand ichinyanya kushanda kubva kune yayo yepamutemo webhusaiti, ipapo iwe unozofanirwa kushandisa Instagram senge chikuva kushambadzira webhusaiti yako. Iwe unowana akawanda mablog uye zvinyorwa pa internet zvinokurudzira kutora mashoma mashoma matanho. Izvi zvinosanganisira kuwedzera chinongedzo kune rako bhizinesi webhusaiti mune yako Instagram bio uye pamifananidzo yako yese yakatumirwa uye mavhidhiyo. Nekudaro, kunze kwekunge uine vateveri vakaringana, haugone kutarisira kuti Instagram ive chikuva chekubatanidza yako webhusaiti neako tarisiro vateereri Kana iwe uchirwira kuunganidza vateveri vatsva kunyangwe iwe uchigara uchitumira zvemhando yepamusoro zvemukati pa Instagram, inguva kunyoresa sevhisi iyo inokutendera iwe kuti uwane mahara Instagram vateveri. Sezvo huwandu hwevateveri vako hwakwira mudenga, ndizvo zvichaitawo nhamba yevashanyi kune yako webhusaiti yepamutemo webhusaiti. Ipo kuwedzera webhusaiti traffic hakusi vimbiso yekuti vanhu vachatenga izvo zvauri kutengesa, zvinopa yako webhusaiti zvimwe zvinonyanya kudikanwa kuoneka. Kana iwe ukaita zvakakwana kuyedza kuve nechokwadi chekuti webhusaiti yako ndeye yekutsvaga-injini yakagadziridzwa nekusanganisira akakodzera mazwi akakosha mukati mese, mhedzisiro inosanganiswa inogona kuve yakanaka. Yako webhusaiti yekutsvaga injini chinzvimbo ichavandudza, ichiita kuti zita rako rionekwe kwete chete pa Instagram, asiwo pamapuratifomu akadai seGoogle, Yahoo, uye Bing.
- Tora kutarisisa paYouTube: YouTube ndiyo yepasirose huru vhidhiyo-yakavakirwa pasocial media chikuva uye kana iwe uri unoshuvira YouTuber, haugone kungoita chinhu chako paYouTube. Chengetedza nhoroondo ye Instagram futi uye yeuka kuishandisa zvine simba. Sezvaungaitira iwe webhusaiti, namatidza yako YouTube chiteshi chinongedzo mune yako Insta bio uyezve ramba uchigadzirisa iyi link kune yako-ichangoburwa yakatumirwa YouTube vhidhiyo .Pakati pevateveri vako vakasanganiswa nevamiriri mukati meYouTube ne Instagram, panogona kuve nevazhinji vari kuziviswa kwauri pa Instagram. Kusanganisira iwo mavhidhiyo eYouTube mavhidhiyo uye chiteshi mune yako Instagram bio inokurudzira varipo Instagram vateveri kuti vatungamire kune yako YouTube chiteshi. Kana ivo vachida izvo zvavanoona, iwe unenge uine vazhinji vanonyoresa uye maonero paYouTube, izvo zvinowedzera zvinoshamisa mikana yako yekuve izere-nguva YouTuber. Kana iwe uchigona kuve unoshanda pane ese mapuratifomu, zvaizopa yakatowanda mimwe mibairo. Fungidzira uchiwana mari yakanaka kubva kuYouTube ne Instagram. Inzwi rinokoka, handizvo here?
- Shandira pamwe nemamwe mabhii uye ukohwe mibairo: Paunotanga kuwana kuoneka pa Instagram, mamwe marangi uye zvemukati-vagadziri vanoshanda mune yako niche vangada kubatana newe. Mazuva ano, zvakati wandei nezvekubatana uye zvishoma nezvemakwikwi pamasocial media, uye zvinoshanda. Chii chiri kushandisa kuisa mumwe munhu pasi apo mabhizinesi / vanhu vaviri vanogona kushanda pamwechete nekudyidzana kubudirira uye kubudirira kweumwe neumwe? Tinoona vlogger vekufamba vachishanda pamwe nevamwe vafambi vlogger, pamwe nevaimbi, uye maartist achibatana. Hapana mubvunzo kuti Instagram yakavhura akawanda masuo emikana. Iwe unofanirwa kusimudza yako wega mutambo uye simbisa kuisa kunze izvo zvemukati zvinokwezva kutarisisa kune ako tarisiro vateereri. Paunenge uchinge uine huwandu hwakaringana hwevateveri, unogona kusvika kune mamwe mabrangi ekubatana. Kunyange zvikumbiro zvako zvese zvekubatana zvisinga gashirwe, vamwe vanozo pfuura uye kana vakadhonza zvakanaka, vanogona kusundira wako muteveri-kuverenga kumusoro. Paunosvika padanho re 'social media influencer', iwe unogona kutarisira zvikumbiro zvekudyidzana kubva kune mamwe mabhii uye vagadziri vezviri mukati, uye kutenderera kucharamba kuchienderera. Semunhu anofurira, iwe unenge uinewo simba rekubatana nema brand kubva kune mamwe niches ayo anopa zvigadzirwa zvinoenderana niche yako. Semuenzaniso, kana iwe uri muimbi uye uchikwanisa kuwana chinzvimbo che 'chinosimudzira' pa Instagram, unogona kuenda kune zvigadzirwa zvinogadzira nekutengesa zvigadzirwa zvaunotamba. Mutambi wegitare anogona kubatana negitare uye / kana gudzazwi-gadzira, muimbi anogona kubatana nekambani inogadzira maikorofoni, zvichingodaro.
Instagram maficha ekusimudzira mhando yako
Kamwe peji rako re Instagram parinotanga kucherechedzwa uye iwe ukawana vateveri vazhinji, iwe unogona kutora mukana weakasiyana eakashambadziro maficha ekuti uwane vamwe vateveri ve Instagram. Paunenge uchishandisa zvese izvi maficha hazvisi zvekumanikidza, inzwa wakasununguka kusanganisa uye kuenzanisa. Nenzira iyi, iwe unogona kushandisa zvakanakisa zvishandiso zveIn-in-zvakavakirwa kuwedzera rako rekusvika. Kunze kwezvakajairwa zvekugovana mapikicha, Instagram inozvirumbidza zvinotevera zvinotevera zvekushambadzira.
Mavhidhiyo maficha
Takambokurukura IGTV pamberi, asi ndizvo chete zverefu-fomu vhidhiyo chikuva. Iyo default Instagram app inongobvumira pfupi-fomu vhidhiyo zvinyorwa. Kunze kweiyo yakajairwa ipfupi-fomu vhidhiyo yekumisikidza ficha, iwo maviri mamwe mavhidhiyo maficha anopihwa nepuratifomu anosanganisira ehupenyu mavhidhiyo uye nyaya. Iyo mhenyu vhidhiyo ficha inobvumira mabhurandi kuvaka chiratidzo chechokwadi uye kujekesa - zvinhu zviri kuve zvichikosha zuva rega rega richipfuura. Izvi zviri kukonzerwa nemakwikwi anogara achiwedzera pamusoro penzvimbo. Iyo yakanaka nzira yevateveri vako yekudyidzana newe mune chaiyo-nguva futi. Nguva dzese paunotanga kutenderera vhidhiyo mhenyu, vateveri vako vanoziviswa. Ipuratifomu nguva pfupi yadarika yakagadziridza ayo epamoyo vhidhiyo kugona uye ikozvino, vaviri vashandisi vanogona kuisa mune yehupenyu vhidhiyo kubva maviri akapatsanurwa michina. Kubva pamabvunzurudzo ehupenyu kurarama zvigadzirwa zvigadzirwa kune chaiko-nguva kubatana, mikana yacho haigone. Kana iyo algorithm ye Instagram ichikufarira iwe, yako vhidhiyo vhidhiyo inogona kutozviita kumavhidhiyo e "Top Live" pane iyo Instagram Ongorora peji. Kana ikadaro, vhidhiyo yako inogona kutariswa nevashandisi veInca pasi rese, ichinyatso kuvandudza mikana yekuwedzera kwemuteveri kuverenga. Iko zvakare kune iyo 'Nhau' ficha iyo inobvumidza gumi-yechipiri mifananidzo yekutarisa uye 10-yechipiri vhidhiyo kuona. Icho chinhu cheshasha chakashandiswa zvakanyanya nema brand uye vanokurudzira kuvandudza vateveri vavo maererano nezvazvino zvigadzirwa, masevhisi, uye / kana zvakatumirwa zvemukati. Instagram yakagonesa chigadzirwa-kumaka mukati meiyo 'Nhau' ficha futi, zvinoreva kuti kana uri kuratidza chigadzirwa iwe chauri kutengesa pane imwe yeako 'Nyaya', unogona kuzvimaka. Vateveri vanofarira kuitenga vanogona kudzvanya pane chigadzirwa chigadzirwa uye kuitenga kubva pawebhusaiti yako.
Instagram Ads
Kunze kwekugovana mafoto uye mavhidhiyo, unogona zvakare kutumira ma ads kushambadza izvo zvaunofanira kupa pa Instagram. Pane akasiyana marongero aunogona kuyedza nawo kuti uwane iyo chaiyo mhando yezviziviso zvekumhanyisa yako brand. Iwe unogona kunyange kushandisa zviripo zvirimo pane rako peji uye kuzvishandura ivo kuita kushambadzira neiyo Instagram Ads ficha. Kugadzira nekutarisira kushambadzira pa Instagram, iwe unofanirwa kushandisa Facebook's Ad Maneja sezvo Instagram iri yeFacebook-iri yeapp.
Push notices
Vashandisi ve Instagram vanogona kugonesa kusundira notices, izvo zvinozovazivisa kana iwo mapeji avanoteedzera kurodha mapikicha matsva, mavhidhiyo, nezvimwe. Kuti ushandise chinhu ichi, unofanirwa kukurudzira vateveri vako varipo kuti vatore matanho. Pakati pezvinhu zvako zvese, sanganisira mafoni-ku-chiito, uchiudza vateveri vako kuti vagone kuburitsa zviziviso zvechiteshi chako. Nepo vateveri vako vese vasingazopindure kunhare dzako, vamwe vanozodaro. Kana ivo vakafarira izvo iwe zvawatumira, ivo vanozozvigovana navo neshamwari dzavo uye vateveri. Push notices dzinogona kunge dzisiri bheji rako rakanakisa maererano nekuwana kuwoneka pa Instagram, asi zvinogona kubatsira.
mhedziso
Nekudaro, ikozvino iwe unoziva kuti vamwe vateveri ve Instagram vanogona sei kukubatsira iwe uye nezvimwe zve Insta zvine simba kwazvo zvekushambadzira maficha. Tevere, iwe unofanirwa kusarudza pamusoro pekuti iwe unoda kuita sei nezvekuwana vamwe vateveri. Ehe, nenzira dzese, iwe unogona kutora iyo organic nzira uye kumirira kuti vanhu vataure nezvako zvemukati vasati varova bhatani re 'Tevera'. Nekudaro, inotora nguva uye kana iwe uchida kuyera zviremo zvebudiriro ye Instagram, ungangove uri nani pakusarudza imwe nzira. Nekusaina kuzvirongwa zvinokurumidza kuwedzera Instagram kuoneka, unogona kuwana mahara Instagram vateveri uye vanofarira nekukurumidza. Iwo mapurogiramu akabhadhara vhezheni paunopihwa futi. Nepo iwo akabhadharwa achakuunzira mhedzisiro nekukurumidza, unogona kuwana zvakawanda nekushandisa mahara vhezheni futi. Chikamu chakanakisa nezve zvirongwa zvakadaro ndechekuti hapana mabhoti anobatanidzwa. Nekudaro, vese vateveri vatsva vaunowana ndevechokwadi vashandisi ve Instagram. Saka wadii kusainira chirongwa chakadai uye rega rako reki riwedzere kukura-kupfuura-kusati kwamboitika online?


text:
Yepamberi yepasi rese yekugadzira tekinoroji uye mhando yepamusoro
Kugutsikana kwevatengi ndiyo nzira yedu chete, inomhanya kuburikidza nedhizaini, kugadzirwa, mushure mekutengesa sevhisi mune yega nhanho. Kana chete vatengi vachigutsikana nezvangu zvigadzirwa, kuti isu tigova vakajairwa munharaunda mukundi. Kubatana kwerubatsiro rwemagariro uye bhizinesi kubatsirwa ndiko Vatariri vekambani mukuomerera, kuzvipira, kuvimbika, kodhi yebasa yekuzvibata, anoda kusimbisa nekuchengetedza kubatana kwepedyo nevatengi kumba nekune dzimwe nyika.Tinogamuchira shamwari dzese dzinosanganisira nyowani uye dzekare. imwe yekushanyira nemoyo wese.tarisa zvimwe


text:
Pamwe pamwe nehurukuro yepamutemo yeIOS 11 uye kubudiswa kwekutanga beta, taona kuti Apple yakasarudza sei kubvisa zvachose chero maitiro ekushandisa akagadzirirwa chete 32-bit zvishandiso. Sezvo isu taigona kuona mune yakakosha, iOS 11 inongowirirana chete neese maApple madivayiri anotungamirirwa ne64-bit processor, ndiko kuti, kubva ku iPhone 5s, iyo Mini Mini 2 zvichienda mberi uye yechitanhatu chizvarwa iPod touch.
Mazuva mashoma apfuura takakuzivisa nezve kubviswa kwenhamba hombe yezvishandiso zvakagadzirirwa 32-bit zvishandiso, zvishandiso zvisina kuongororwa, Apple yakamanikidzwa kuvabvisa kubva kuApp Store. Asi zvakare, iwo atingave takaisa pane edu zvishandiso, nekuuya kweIOS 11, inomira kushanda.
Parizvino, iOS 11 iri mumaoko evagadziri, avo vakwanisa kuongorora kuti kana vachiedza kuvhura application yakagadzirirwa chete ma32-bit processors, inotiratidza meseji inotizivisa kuti iko kunyorera kunofanirwa kuvandudzwa kuitira kumhanya pane yazvino vhezheni yeIOS iyo ichazoburitswa zviri pachena kuruzhinji munaGunyana, pamwe mukubatana nekuvhurwa kwemhando nyowani dze iPhone.
Apple iri kuita zvese zvinobvira kumisa vashandisi kubva kushandisa izvi zvinoshandiswa uye danho rekutanga rave rekubvisa kubva kuApp Store. Iyo yechipiri inogumira mashandisiro ayo kune shanduro pamberi peIOS 11, nenzira iyi inova nechokwadi chekuti iri kuramba ichioma kuishandisa, kunze kwekunge tiine kopi yavo pakombuta yedu neTunes. Zvinoenderana nekufungidzira kwekutanga kwakaburitswa mwedzi mishoma yapfuura, kubviswa kwezvikumbiro izvi kwaizoreva kudzikiswa kwekushandisa mazana maviri ezviuru.


text:
- Zvichienderana nedata kubva kutengesheni yendege yapfuura uye marefu-maoreisi epasi rese, ongororo inoratidza kuti muHawaii chete nhandare mbiri dzakakura dzinogona kusvika kumadhora 3.6 bhiriyoni dzakabatanidzwa kuburikidza nechikwereti chenguva refu kumakambani akazvimirira eairport nevashambadzi, senge FRAPORT fkana muenzaniso.
- Chidzidzo ichi chinowana kuti muHawaii moga Honolulu's Daniel K. Inouye International Airport inogona kuburitsa $ 2.7 bhiriyoni uye Kahului Airport paMaui inogona kuwana $ 935 mamirioni kuburikidza nechikwereti chenguva refu.
- Nekudaro, nhandare dzinodarika madhora zviuru zviviri nezviuru mazana maviri nechikwereti. Mushure mekubhadhara mabhendi ehurumende aripo panhandare yendege, sezvaidikanwa nemutemo wezvematongerwo enyika sechimwe chikamu chebvumirano, mambure ehurumende anobva mukurendesa kwenguva refu kwendege mbiri idzi angangoita madhora anosvika bhiriyoni imwe chete emadhora.
Pasi pemitemo yeUnited States yendege, varidzi vehurumende yendege havatenderwe kuwana chero yemari yemari yendege; mari dzese dzakadai dzinofanirwa kuchengetwa panhandare yendege uye dzinoshandiswa pazvinangwa zveairport. Kumhiri kwemakungwa, hakuna zvirambidzo zvakadaro. Mumakore makumi matatu apfuura, hurumende zhinji dzakashambadzira kana kushambadza nhandare hombe nepakati uye dzakagamuchira rubatsiro rwemari nekuita izvi.
Mu2018, sechikamu chemutemo unobvumidza iyo Federal Aviation Administration, Congress yakagadzira chakakosha kunze kwekurambidzwa kwenguva refu. Chirongwa chitsva cheAirport Investment Partnership Program (AIPP) chinogonesa varidzi vemahofisi ehurumende kupinda muzvibvumirano zvenguva refu zveveruzhinji-zvakazvimirira (P3) - uye vashandise mari yereti yavanowana muzvinangwa zvehurumende.
Ichi chidzidzo chinoongorora kugona kwendege yeruzhinji-yakazvimiririra yekudyidzana marezenisi e31 makuru nepakati epakati nhandare nendege dzeguta, dunhu, nehurumende mamiriro. Iyo inotora pane data kubva kune akawanda emahombekombe emahombekombe eruzhinji-akazvimirira ekudyidzana mashandisirwo emabhizimusi mumakore achangopfuura kuyera izvo imwe neimwe yendege 31 inogona kuve yakakosha kune vanoita mari.
Kukosha kwakakomba ndiko kungave kwakakosha nendege mumusika wepasi rose. Iko kukosha kwemambure kunofunga nezve US tax kodhi kupihwa iyo inoda kuti iripo nhandare yendege yibhadharwe mune chiitiko chekuchinja kwekutonga, senge kwenguva refu-rease. Nekudaro, iyo net kukosha kukosha inofungidzira ihwo hwakazara kukosha kubvisa kukosha kweakatanhamara nendege zvisungo.
Sezvo kuregererwa kweP3 kwenhandare dzendege kusingawanzo muUnited States (muenzaniso chete uripo iSan Juan, nhandare yendege yePuerto Rico), chidzidzo ichi chinotsanangura zvikamu zvitatu zvevangangoita mari muzvikwata zveUS.
Chekutanga chinhu chiri kukura chenyika chemakambani enhandare yendege, kusanganisira epasi mashanu makuru mapoka enhandare, ayo anoshanda chikamu chinokura chenhandare hombe dzenyika nemari yegore.
Yechipiri yakawanda mari yezvivakwa yekudyara, iyo yakasimudza mazana emabhirioni emadhora ekudyara seyenzvimbo muzvivakwa uye P3-yakabhadhara zvivakwa zvivakwa pasirese.
Chikamu chechitatu ndechevanhu mari yemudyandigere, idzo dziri kuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma mari yavo muzvivakwa mukuyedza kudzora kuderera muhuwandu hwavo hwekudzoka pazvirimwa.
Mhando dzese nhatu dzevashambadziri vane nguva yakareba yenguva uye vakasununguka kudyara mukati nekuenderera mberi nekukudziridza idzi mhando dzezvinhu.


text:
Nyaradzo yaVaRoy Bennett nemudzimai wavo, Heather, yaitwa neMugovera kuChimanimani pedyo nepurazi ravo reCharleswood iro ravakatorerwa nehurumende makore akati kuti apfuura.
Veruzhinji vaungana kuChimanimani vachirangarira VaBennett nemudzimai wavo, avo vakashaya mutsaona yechikopokopo yakaitika musi wa 17 Ndira 2018 mudunhu reNew Mexico muAmerica.
Vanhu vataura vachipa humbowo vachipembedza kugara zvakanaka kwavaiitwa nemhuri yekwaBennett.
Mumwe mugari wemunzvimbo iyi, Amai Peggy Sauti, vati mhuri yekwaBennett yaive nerudo zvikuru.
"Vainge vari munhu ane rudo zvakanyanya mukugarisana navo zvataiita, munguva yekurwira nyika kuti tiwane rusununguko rwakazara. Aida kuti munhu wese awane hutongi hwejekere, kunyangwe vange vave kunze vaingorangarira tose. Tinongoshuvira kuti vazorore murugare pamwe chete nemudzimai wavo, Mwari avaitire nyasha kwavari, zororai murugare," vadaro Amai Sauti
Amai Yvonne Sithole vatiwo VaBennett vakakwanisa kubata tsika dzevanhu vemunharaunda mavo.
"Vaizviti ndinoyera Soko Murehwa saka tose taishaya kuti murungu anoyera Soko Murehwa seyi saka tarasikirwa nemunhu aiva nerudo zvikuru dayi Mwari akavaitira zvakanaka,"vataurawo vachidaro Amai Sithole.
Amai Wendy Makaya, avo vakadzidza pachikoro cheCharleswood Primary School, vatiwo vakaziva nzvimbo dzakawanda nekuda kwerudo rwaVaBennett.
"Aibhadharira vana mari yechikoro uye mabhuku nezvinyoreso taipihwa, every year taindeswa kuma trips kuHarare pachikoro, zvikoro zvenharaunda zvaiwana rubatsiro, uye vamwe vaiwana mabasa papurazi iri. Akavakisa mabhiriji nekugadzira migwagwa saka vanhu veChimanimani tarasikirwa," vadaro Amai Makaya.
Mwanasikana waIshe Mutambara, Muzvare Venna Musukutwa, vatiwo VaBennett vaigovera vagari mawairesi aibatsira kuti veruzhinji vanzwe nhau kubva kunhepfenyuro yeVoice of America, Studio 7 sezvo ikoko masaisai enhepfenyuro dzemuno achinetsa.
Vamwe vanga vari panyaradzo iyi vanosanganisira VaIan Kay, VaArnold Tsunga nevamwe vakuru vakuru mudunhu reManicaland.
VaBennett vakamboita sachigaro wedunhu reManicaland muMDC inotungamirwa naVaMorgan Tsvangirai, uye vakambomirira dunhu reChimanimani muparamende.
Vakashandawo kwenguva yakareba vari mubati wehomwe muMDC-T, vakazosiya chigaro vachiti vaida kungomira zvavo senhengo isina chigaro mubato.
Vakabuda munyika munguva yehurumende yemubatanidzwa vachityira hupenyu hwavo sezvo vainge vakavengwa nehurumende yaiva yaVaRobert Mugabe, avo vakaramba kutoresa mhiko VaBennett semutevedzeri wegurukota rezvekurima munguva yehurumende yemubatanidzwa.
Vaviri ava vasiya vana vaviri, mukomana Charles, nemusikana, Casey, uye muzukuru, Roy Junior.


text:
CPR7EA9 Mota Injini Plug Pearl Nickel Shell 1.1mm Gap Mhangura Core Electrode
NO: B7RTC
Item Kwete
Mutengo: TAKUMI
Tsika: M10 * 1
Tsvaga: 19mm
Hex: 16mm
Chikamu Type: Flat
Gap: 1.1mm
Kupisa Nzvimbo: 7
Electrode Type: J mhando
Resistor kana kwete: Asiri Anodzivisa
Chinyorwa: Copper Core Electrode
Cross Reference
TAKUMI B7RTC match for Denso 267700-6480
TAKUMI B7RTC match for Denso 2677006480
TAKUMI B7RTC match for NGK 3901
TAKUMI B7RTC match for NGK CPR7EA-9
TAKUMI B7RTC match for NGK CPR7EA9
TAKUMI B7RTC match for Takumi B7RTC-9
TAKUMI B7RTC match for Takumi CPR7EA-9
CHINA
Spark plugs ndechimwe chezvinhu zvisinganzwisisike zvikamu zveinjini. Mibvunzo yakawanda yakauya pamusoro pemakore, ichisiya vanhu vazhinji vakavhiringidzika.
Iri gwaro rakagadzirirwa kubatsira nyanzvi, hobbyist, kana makiriniki emujaho mukunzwisisa, kushandisa, uye kugadzirisa matambudziko spark plugs. Ruzivo irworwo rwuri mugwaro urwu runoshanda kune ese marudzi enjini dzemukati dzemoto: maviri enjini dzekurovera, enjini dzinotenderera, epamusoro mashandiro / enjinjini uye mota dzemumigwagwa.
Iri gwaro rakagadzirirwa kubatsira nyanzvi, hobbyist, kana makiriniki emujaho mukunzwisisa, kushandisa, uye kugadzirisa matambudziko spark plugs. Ruzivo irworwo rwuri mugwaro urwu runoshanda kune ese marudzi enjini dzemukati dzemoto: maviri enjini dzekurovera, enjini dzinotenderera, epamusoro mashandiro / enjinjini uye mota dzemumigwagwa.
Spark plugs ndiyo "hwindo" mukati meinjini yako (chapupu chako chega chega kumuchina wemoto), uye inogona kushandiswa sechinhu chakakosha chekuongorora. Kunge thermometer yemurwere, spark plug inoratidza zviratidzo uye mamiriro ekuita kweinjini. Iyo tuner ine ruzivo inogona kuongorora izvi zviratidzo kuti itarise pasi iyo yakakonzera matambudziko mazhinji, kana kuona mweya / mafuta ratios.


text:
Vashona
Vashona kana Mashona vanhu vedzinza reBantu rinowanikwa kuChamhembe cheAfurika kunyanya Zimbabwe (kwavanoumba 85% yehuwandu hwevanhu). Vashona vanowanikwa muAfrika, Pakati peAfrika (Central Africa), kumambvazuva kweAfurika (Eastern Africa) nekuChamhembe cheAfurika, uye vamwe vashoma vanogara kuMozambiki, Bhotswana, Zambia neSouth Africa.
Vane mhuri shanu dzakakura, uye vari pedyo nemamwe mapoka ane tsika nemitauro yakafanana. Madzinza echiShona anonzi: Vazezuru, Vamanyika, Vakorekore, Vandau neVakaranga. Madzinza echiShona akazvarwa kubva kuMakalanga, munguva yekupesana kwakaitika pakuwa kweUmambo hweMapungubwe, uye Vashona vakange vasina zita rekunzi Vashona kusvika kuma1900s pavaka pihwa zita naClement Doke. Pamusoro pezvo, madzinza akasimbiswa nekuda kwegara mumatunhu akasiyana uye nekukanganiswa nemamwe marudzi eBantu aiuya achigara pakati pavo. Vanhu vechiShona vakasiyana asi vanokwanisa kunzwisisana kana vachitauro sezvinoita vanhu vechiNguni (Madebele neMazulu, kana Maxhosa neMaswati). Zvakanaka kuzivisana kuti kunyangwe vamwe vachinzwisisana, pane mashoko uye matauriro akasiyana, nekuda kwemanyorerwo; Chikalanga (chinoshandisa 'L' panoshandiswa 'R' uye chinoshandisa 'b' panoshandiswa 'v' muShona uye 'zw' panoiswa 'zv').
Madzinza echiShona ane hukama huri pedyo neVavhenda (Venda), Vakalanga (Bakalanga), Vabarwe (Vasena), Vadoma neVatonga. Zviripachena munhoroondo yakagovaniswa yeMapungubwe kana Umambo hweZimbabwe uye nekutenda muna Mwari (Shona), Nwali (Venda) naMwali (Kalanga). Uye vanogovana nhoroondo neVashangani neVatsonga nekuda kwekugara panzvimbo imwechete.
Muchinyakare vanhu vairoora vanhu vemamwe madzinza, uye paipinda rimwe dzinza vaizama kutonga rimwe, sezvakaita Vazulu => Vandebele kuVashona. Vamwe Vashona mukuratidzika mavo vane maziso akavhara (epicanthal folds/monolids), nekuda kweMakhoisan, nekuti pakapinda nekugara kweMashona muZimbabwe nzvimbo yacho yakange yakagarwa neVakhoisan kudhara. Vamwe Vakhoisan vakabva vamwe vakagara (vachirimo munyika yeZimbabwe nhasi), vakasara pakati pavo vamwe vakaroorana neVashona (intermariage), zvakakonzera kuti mamwe Mashona vataridzike seVakhoisan nekuti maziso akavhara ijini rinotonga kwete kutongwa. (Epicanthal folds are a dominant gene not recessive). Izvi zvinoratidzika kuMaNguni emuSouth Africa (zulu, xhosa etc.) futi, asi vakatora zvinodarika mataridziko chete nekuti vakasanganisa kudzvanya kweMakhoisan mumutauro wavo.
Vambo reZita[chinja | edit source]
VaShona
KuVashona iro zita ravo rekuti 'Shona' harina chimwe chirevo kunze kwekuti izita remadzinza ravo.
Indiya[chinja | edit source]
Ikozvino kugadzirisa iko chaiko mabviro ezita rakapihwa dzinza reBantu iri; shoko rekuti Shona rakapihwa kurudzi neavo vari veIndiya. Zita rakapihwa nekuda kwehukama hwaive nevanhu vekwaMutapa nepasi rose, vaive vatengesi vezvinhu zvakawanda uye pakati pezvinhu izvi, zvishandiso nemamineral aive ndarama (kana goridhe). MuChihindi shoko rekuti ndarama rinonzi 'sona', uye kuGujariti inozivikanwawo sekuti 'sona' kana 'sonu', muChisanis'kiriti (Sanskirit) shoko rekuti 'sonu' rinoreva 'akanaka'. Shoko rakatorwa pashoko rePunjabhi rekuti "Sohna" zvinoreva kuti "akanaka". Humambo hwese hweMutapa hwaizivikanwa se "Nyika yeSona" kana kuti "Sonaland". Nekuda kwekusiyana kwemazwi uye kushanduka kwemitauro shoko rekuti wa rakazopedzisira ravhiringidzwa kuti 'Shona' izvi zvaigona kunge zvakabatsirwa nevaNguni neshoko ravo rekuti 'tshona'.[1]
Pamusoro pezvo, nekuda kwehuori uhu shoko rekuti Sonaland rakava Shonaland, uye zita revanhu rakashandurwa kubva kuSona kuenda ku 'Shona' seboka. Zita iri raishandisirwa vanhu veHumambo hweMutapa hwese.[1]
VaNguni[chinja | edit source]
Paraishandiswa shoko rekuti "Shona" munguva yezana remakore 19 (19th century), Mfecane (pamwe namambo weMaNdebele Mzilikazi), raishandiswa sechibhende kuvanhu vasiri vechiNguni; pakange pasina kuzivikanwa kwakafanana nemadzinza nevanhu vanoumba chiShona chemazuva ano.
Iro shoko rekuti Shona rakabva kune vaNguni, zvichibva pashoko rekuti 'tshona' rinoreva 'kugadzika' kana 'kunyusa' (to set), uye rinowanzoshandiswa mumashoko akaita senge 'tshona malanga' kana 'tshona ilanga' mumituaro yeChinguni. Asi ichi hachisi chokwadi chakakwana, sezvo shoko rekuti Shona rakapihwa vanhu sezita nevanhu vekuIndiya, asi Manguni vakavadudzira saizvozvo. Asi nekuti vaiti tshona shoko vakvhiringidza shoko rakapihwa neMaindiya. Asi vakachengeta kushandiswa kwaro sezita remadunhurirwa rinonamira.
Clement Doke[chinja | edit source]
Muma 1900s, iro shoko rekuti Shona, kunyangwe rakasikwa nevanhu vakasiyana, pekupedzisira rakatanga kushandiswa rikadhindwa pavanhu vese nekuda kwekufanana kwemitauro yavo naiye anonzi Clement Doke. Nekuita izvi akavhiringidza vanhu uye vakaverengerwa mutsika yeZezuru, zvichikonzera kutsamwa uye kupesana pakati pevanhu pachavo. Pamusoro pezvo, mamwe madzinza muZimbabwe akanzwa kusunganidzwa nekuda kwehuwandu hwevanhu vanonzi "Shona". "Vashona" vakaita sevaVhenda (Venda), vakagadzirwa kubva kuvanhu vechiKalanga, girama iri pakati pemitauro yakafanana uye vanogoverana nhoroondo, zvisinei kazhinji kazhinji vanhu vanopokana vachitenda kuti zvivakwa ndezvavo kwete rimwe dzinza kana chokwadi chiripo, iyo nhoroondo ndeyavo vese, kunyangwe hazvo zvemazuva ano zvakasarudzika.
.....By grouping the languages and tribes, Clement confused the people and they were assimilated into Zezuru culture, creating anger and division among the people themselves. Additionally, other tribes in Zimbabwe felt united against (or "ganged-up on") due to the large population of the so-called "Shona". The "Shona" like the Vhenda (Venda), developed from the Kalanga people, the grammar between the languages is similar and they even share history, however often times people argue believing that monuments belong to them and not another tribe when the fact is, the history is all of theirs, despite modern individuality. A lot of people show a disregard for Shona languages, often disrespecting speakers when they say they want to regarded as speakers of an independent language and not a dialect. Additionally, other shona languages are often not regarded among peers due to them not sounding like 'zezuru', example the Ndau speakers are oftne accused of speaking 'broken shona', while the rest of the country (Zimbabwe) despises the Shona because they feel the language is being forced upon them. There is also a lack of materials to learn other Shona languages which are still not regarded as individual languages)...Manyika, Karanga, Korekore, Ndau...
Marudzi neHuwandu[chinja | edit source]
Mitauro[chinja | edit source]
Vashona vakakamurwa kuva matavi makuru matanhatu, anoenderera sezvakanyorwa pazasi, uye vanotaura Chishona chinozivikanwa nezita rekuti Chivanhu pakati pavo. Chivanhu chemazuvano chinosanganisa mitauro yakasiyana yeVashona, ndosaka chichinzi Chisitandadhi Shona, kunze kwemitauro yeVashona Chisitandadhi Shona chinosanganisa mitauro irimu Zimbabwe uye nemashoko anobva kuChirungu. Izvi zvakanaka nekuti zvinobvumira kuti zvinoreva kuti mutauro wechi shona urikuchinja nenguva semitauro inofanirwa, inoitendera kuti ishandiswe zuva nezuva.
Mabhii eStandard Shona akanyorwa sezviri pazasi:
Zvivaramwana
a e i o u
Zvinzvanyira zvimwe:
b ch d f g h j k m n n' p r s s' t v w y z
Zvinvanyira zviviri
bh bv bw chw dh dy dz gw hw kw mb mh mv mw nd ng nh nj nw ny nz pw pf sh sv sw ts tw ty vh zh zv zw
Zvinzvanyira zvitatu:
dzv dzw mbw ndw ngw nhw njw nyw nzv nzw shw tsv tsw vhw zhw
Kunyangwe Chishona chisina ibhii rekuti 'L' ikozvino riri kuunzwa nekushandiswa mumutauro nekuda kwemashoko eChirungu ne mamwe maBantu se
Dhali (darling)
Marudzi[chinja | edit source]
Makaranga[chinja | edit source]
Makaranga vanotora chikamu chinosvika makumi maviri nezviviri muzana yevagari vemuZimbabwe, yakaparadzirwa kumaodzanyemba pakati peZimbabwe. Dzimwe nzvimbo dzavanogara: Masvingo, Midlands Province (Mberengwa districts neZvishavane districts). Huwandu weVakaranga hwuno svika ku 8.5 mazanazana. Mutauro wavo unonzi Chikaranga unemitauronyina yakasina:
Bazezuru
Vazezuru kana Mazezuru vanhu veDzinza rechiShona vanotaura Chizezuru uye vanotora 18% yehuwandu hweMazezuru unosvika 5.2 mazanazana. Vanotauro Chizezuru, mutauro wavo ndiwo unonyanya kutaurwa muZimbabwe uye neruzhinji rwevamwe Vashona, pamusoro pezvo ndiwo mutauro unoshandiswa kugadzira Sitandadhi Shona. Vazezuru vanowanikwa kuZimbabwe kwavanogara kuMashonaland East neCentral Zimbabwe kudhuze neHarare, muMozambiki, Bhotswana neChamhembe cheAfrika.
Samanyika[chinja | edit source]
Vamanyika kana Samanyika vanhu veDzinza rechiShona vanotaura Chimanyika uye vanotora 13% huwandu hweVashona. Huwandu hweVamanyika hwuno svika 1.3 mazanazana (2000-2006). Vanowanikwa kuManicaland eZimbabwe.
Makorekore[chinja | edit source]
Makorekore kana Vakorekore vanhu veDzinza rechiShona vanotaura Chikorekore uye vanotora 12% yehuwandu hweVashona. Huwandu hweVakorekore hwuno svika 1.7 mazanazana, munyika yeZimbabwe vanowanikwa ku:
- Northern Zimbabwe
- Mvurwi Bindura
- Mt Darwin
- Guruve
- Chiweshe
- Centenary .
Mandau[chinja | edit source]
Vandau kana Mandau vanhu veDzinza rechiShona vanotaura Chindau uye vanotora 3% yehuwandu hweVashona kunogoverwa, huwandu hweMandau hwunosvika ku 2.4 mazanazana. Vanowanikwa kuZimbabwe nekuMozambiki.
Varozvi[chinja | edit source]
Varozvi kana Varozwi vanhu veDzinza rechiShona vanotaura mitauro dzechiShona, uye vanotora 9% yehuwandu hweVashona uye vakasanganiswa nemamwe marudzi.
Huwandu hweVanhu[chinja | edit source]
Zvinoenderana ne "Rurimi rweMunyika", pane vanhu zviuru gumi nezviviri nemazana matanhatu ane mazana mapfumbamwe nemakumi matanhatu nemazana mitauro vanotaura Shona nemutauro wayo.[2]
Vashandisi vemitauro yekutanga:
- 10,763,100
Vanoshandisa mutauro wechipiri:
- 1,800,000
Mutauro wechivanhu cheVashona ndiChishona. Nekuda kwehukama hwenhoroondo yekoroni, mitauro yepamutemo inoshandiswa nenyika dzakasiyana siyana. Mhuri yemutauro we Shona inorondedzerwa se:[2]
- Niger-Congo language family (Niger-Congo)
- Atlantic-Congo (Atlantic-Congo)
- Walter - language branch of the Congo (Volta-Congo)
- Benue-Congo (Benue-Congo)
- Class Bantu languages (Bantoid)
- South class Bantu languages (Southern Bantoid)
- Bantu languages (Narrow Bantu)
- Central Narrow Bantu
- Zone S
- Shona (Shona)
- Karanga dialect
- Zezuru dialect
- Korekore dialect
- Manyika dialect
- Ndau dialect
- Hwesa
- Shona (Shona)
- Zone S
- Central Narrow Bantu
- Bantu languages (Narrow Bantu)
- South class Bantu languages (Southern Bantoid)
- Class Bantu languages (Bantoid)
- Benue-Congo (Benue-Congo)
- Walter - language branch of the Congo (Volta-Congo)
- Atlantic-Congo (Atlantic-Congo)
Nhoroondo[chinja | edit source]
Pakati pezana ramakore regumi nematatu, bazi revanhu vechiBantu vaive munzira yekuenda kumaodzanyemba vakabatanidzwa muZimbabwe, uye vakagovaniswa munzvimbo yemupata pakati penzizi dzeZambezi neLimpopo, kureva Kalanga wedzinza reVashona. Zvino, mamwe matavi erudzi rweVashona, sevanhu veRozvi (Rozwi) nevaKorekore, vakapinda mumwe mushure meumwe, uye zvishoma nezvishoma vakawedzera kubva pakati pebani reZimbabwe kusvika kumativi ese. Pakati pezana ramakore regumi nesere, madzinza eVaShona saSamanyika neMandau vakapindawo munzvimbo iyi.
Kubva muzana ramakore regumi nematatu kusvika gumi nemanomwe, vaKalanga vakagadza iro rakakurumbira reHumambo hwaMutapa muZimbabwe, nzvimbo yavo yakasvika kumaodzanyemba kweMozambiki nekuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweBotswana pakasimba kwazvo. Nyika yakakamurwa kuva matunhu akati wandei, inotongwa nemakurukota amambo emasimba, uye vanhu vacho vanobhadhara mutero nenzombe. Imba yezvinocherwa mumatongo yakawana nzvimbo dzinopfuura mazana maviri dzetsika nemagariro muZimbabwe, kusanganisira matongo akakurumbira eHukuru hweDzimbadzamabwe, achiratidza vanhu vechiShona vekare budiriro. Vashona vairarama nekurima nekuchengeta zvipfuyo panguva iyoyo, uye vaive nehunyanzvi hwekugadzira simbi uye ndarama arukemi (gold alchemy).
17th century, vanhu vakatanga kukura Rozvi, kubva paMonomatapa umambo, kumisikidza Humambo hweRozvi, yaitonga nzvimbo zhinji yeZimbabwe. Vakoroni veBritani vakapinda vakaba nyika muna 1889 ndokutumidza nyika "Southern Rhodesia." Nhamba huru yevhu rakaorera rakapambwa, uye maShona vakaiswa mutirongo munzvimbo isina mvura yerenje. Kusvikira pakati pezana ramakore rechimakumi maviri, kusimudzira kwavo hupfumi uye tsika kwaive kuchinonoka. Kubva 1896, vanhu vechiShona vakatanga mhirizhonga dzakawanda dzekurwisa Britain. Kubva kuma1960, Zimbabwe yakaumba masangano akasiyana siyana ezvematongerwo enyika kuti vatange kurwira zvombo vachirwisa hutongi hwevachena. "Zimbabwe African National Union" inoumbwa nevaShona seboka guru. Pakazosvika 1980, vaShona vaive vakunda rusununguko rweZimbabwe pamwe nevanhu vemarudzi ese emunyika.
Madzimambo eVashona[chinja | edit source]
Madzimambo eMutapa[3][chinja | edit source]
- Nyatsimba Mutota (1430 - 1450)
- Matope Nyanhehwe Nebedza ( 1450-1480)
- Mavura Maobwe (1480)
- Nyahuma Mukombero (1480 - 1490)
- Changamire (1490-1494) (Vhuramhande)
- Chikuyo Chisamarengu (1494-1530)
- Neshangwe Munembire (1530 - 1550)
- Chivere Nyasoro (1550 - 1560)
- Negomo Chirisamhuru (1560 - 1589)
- Gatsi Rusere (1589 - 1623)
- Nyambu Kapararidze (1623 - 1629)
- Mavura Mhande Felipe (1629 - 1652)
- Siti Kazurukamusapa (1652 1663)
- Kamharapasu Mukombwe (1663 - 1692)
- Nyakambira (1692 - 1694)
- Nyamaende Mhande (1694 - 1707)
- Nyenyedzi Zenda (1707 - 1711)
- Baroma Mugwagwa (1711 - 1712)
- Samatambira Nyamhandu I (1712 - 1723)
- Samatambira Nyamhandu II (1723 - 1735)
- Nyatsusu (1735 - 1740)
- Dehwe Mapunzagutu (1740 - 1759)
- Mambo Cioko (? - 1917)
Vanhu vakakosha[chinja | edit source]
- Nehanda Charwe Nyakasikana
- Nelson Chamisa
- Jackson Mutero Chirenje
- Dereck Chisora
- Herbert Chitepo
- Constantino Chiwenga
- Stella Chiweshe
- Phillip Chiyangwa
- Chartwell Dutiro
- Danai Gurira
- Thomas Mapfumo
- Chiwoniso Maraire
- Dumisani Maraire
- Strive Masiyiwa
- Paul Tangi Mhova Mkondo
- Emmerson Mnangagwa
- Oliver Mtukudzi
- Grace Mugabe
- Robert Mugabe
- Joyce Mujuru
- Solomon Mujuru
- Jah Prayzah
- Shingai Shoniwa (wemubendi rinonzi Noisettes)
- George Tawengwa
- Tererai Trent
- Morgan Tsvangirai
- Winky D
- Douglas Togarasei Mwonzora
Rudaviro[chinja | edit source]
Chidaviro cheChivanhu[chinja | edit source]
Chidaviro (Rudaviro) kana Chitendero cheVashona mubatanidzwa wekunamata Mwari mumwechete uye kunamatwa kwemadzitateguru. Mwari ndiye musiki, ane masimbaose asi zvakare ari kure; Madzitateguru nemimwe midzimu inoshanda sevamiririri pakati paMwari nevanhu.[4][5]
Pamusoro pehutongi hwemweya kune Mhondoro, mweya yevakafa vemhuri dzakafa uye madzimambo anotarisa mhuri dzese, matunhu, kana vanhu vechiShona zvachose. Kaguvi naNehanda, avo vakakurudzira Vashona kuti vabatane nekupandukira kukoroni vaive masvikiro emhondoro ane simba.[4][6]
Vadzimu (kana mudzimu) ndivo madzitateguru emhuri dzakasarudzika, uye vanoramba vachiripo chero bedzi vaine vana vapenyu vekuvarangarira nekuvakudza. Mweya wemunhu achangobva mukufa hauite mudzimu kudzamara kurova guva mhemberero, inowanzoitwa gore rimwe chete mushure mekufa, apo hama dzinorarama dzinokoka mweya kuti udzokere kumhuri uye uvatarise semadzitateguru. Ivo vanofa vasina vana kana vadiki kwazvo havagone kuva vadzimu nekuti ivo havana vana chaivo. Panzvimbo iyoyo vanova mweya inodzungaira inonzi mashavi.[4][6]
Yese mweya iyi inotaurirana nevanhu kuburikidza nemasvikiro emweya, anonzi svikiro. Svikiro rega rega rinogona kubatwa nemweya mumwechete, uye rinotora masimba nehukama hwemweya. Semuenzaniso, madzimambo echiShona vaigarotorwa semasvikiro ewa Mwari pachake.[4][6]
Mwari[chinja | edit source]
Mashona vanovimba kuti pakutanga paive naMwari, uye Mwari chete pachake. Vashona vanotenda kuti Mwari ndiMwari vane rudo, Mwari vane moyo munyoro, Mwari vakanaka uye Mwari vane rupo pakati pezvimwe zvinhu.[7] Zvakanaka kuzivisana kuti Mashona vanoti Mwari havazi murume kana mukadzi, asi munguva ino yatirimo Mwari anotendwa kunge murume, achiwanzo kudanwa kuti Baba kana Baba vedu.[7][8][5]
Pamusoro pezvo, Vashona vanotenda kuti Mwari ndiye musiki wezvinhu zvese, vachigara kumudana vachimuti Musikazvese (Chirungu: Creator of all) pakati pemamwe mazita avanomudeedza navo. Mamwe aMwari kubva kuMashona anonzi; Musiki; Musikavanhu, Nyadenga uye Tenzi.[7]
|| Mazita aMwari ese: [7]
Chisi[chinja | edit source]
Zuva reChisi (mazuvano): China (Chirungu: Thursday), asi rinogona kuitwa pazuva rinokwanisa nevanhu, vamwe vanoita Chisi musi weMugovera (Chirungu: Saturday).
Chisi izuva rimwe revhiki 'rezororo' kana sabata reMashona, vanhu havashande, kana kurima minda yavo. Hapana basa rinoitwa pamusi weChisi.[9][10] Zuva rakatarwa muvhiki, mwedzi kana gore pane iro basa kunyanya muminda raisafanira kuitwa. Yakatumidzwa zvakare Mahakurimwe zvichireva kuti hapana basa muminda raifanira kuitwa pazuva iri.[10] Manejimendi yenguva haina kusiirwa kune vanhu. Chiremera chepakati chaive nevamwe vatauri pamusoro pekuti vanhu vangashandisa sei nguva. Sosaiti pane kuzvisarudzira zvakakosha. Izvi zvaifanirwa kurukwa muchitendero chevanhu kuti vanhu varemekedze mirairo yechisi.[10]
Ngano (mythology)[chinja | edit source]
Kusikwa kwezvinhu[chinja | edit source]
Hweva naMwedzi[chinja | edit source]
Hweva chindeya chinonzi venus muChirungu. Munyaya yekusikwa yeVashona Hweva naMwedzi ndivo "vanhu" vanotora center stage.[11]
Pakutanga, Mwari akasika Mwedzi mudziva rakadzika rinowanzonzi Dzivaguru. Mwedzi akakumbira kugara pasi kwete kuva mumvura. Mwari ari Mwari ane nyasha, uye achida zvaakasika akabvumira kuti Mwedzi agare pasi. Nekudaro, paakangove pasi Mwedzi akasurukirwa, kunyangwe Mwari vakazviona izvi. Mwari pavakaona kusurukirwa kwaMwedzi, vakafunga zvakange zvisina kunaka kuti ave ari ega. Saka Mwari vakatora Hweva (nyenyedzi yekuseni) kubva mudenga vakamutumira pasi kunaMwedzi. Ipapo Hweva akazove mukadzi waMwedzi, asi Mwari vakayambira Mwedzi kuti mushure memakore maviri aifanira kuzomudzosera kudenga. Mwedzi akanzwisisa ndokubvuma. Saka iye naHweva vakagara vese makore maviri, uye panguva iyi Hweva akabereka zvese zvinomera zveRinopasi. Pasina nguva, makore maviri akasvika pakupera uye Mwedzi aifanhira kudzosa Hweva kudzokera kudenga. Mwedzi akazaze kuzviita, asi akadzosa mukadzi wake kudenga sezvaakange arairwa naMwari. Hweva paakange aenda Mwedzi akatanga kunzwa kusurukirwa zvekare, uyezve Mwari akanzwa kusuruvara nekuda kwake. Kusuruvara kwaMwedzi kwakakurudzira Mwari kuti vatore kubva mudenga nekutumira Vhenekeratsvimborume (nyenyedzi yemanheru) paRinopasi kuti ave naMwedzi. Uye zvakare zvakare Mwari akaudza Mwedzi kuti achamudzosera kudenga mushure memakore maviri. Mwedzi akabvuma, saka Vhenekeratsvimborume akagara naye. NaMwedzi Vhenekeratsvimborume akazvara, kutanga kuzvirimwa zvinomera zvipuka neshiri, uye akazvara futi vakomana nevasikana. Pakupedzisira, makore maviri akauya, uye Mwari akaudza Mwedzi kuti adzose Vheneka kudenga zvekare. Mwedzi akaramba. Pazuva rakatevera racho, Vheneka akazvara nyama dzinodya dzimwe; se shumba pamwe chete nezvinyavada nezvimwe wo zvikara.
Njuzu[chinja | edit source]
Njuzu mweya wemvura unova nebasa rekufundisa N'anga. Dzainzi dzinopa vanhu "ruzivo" kana ruzivo rwemishonga kare kare.[12][13]
Njuzu sechisiko chaMwari
- Vashona vanochengetedza kuti njuzu yakasikwa naMwari kungofanana nechimwe chisikwa. Zvinoenderana nekutenda uku Mwari vakasika njuzu pamwechete nezvimwe zvisikwa zvemumvura nevanhu pasi pano (vanhu varipanyika) uye izvo zvisikwa zviri pasi penyika (varipasi).[12][13]
Midzimu yengoma yaibata dzimwe maZimbabweans akazoita njuzu mweya masvikiro. Mamwe emabasa emasvikiro emumvura kugadzira mvura uye kuunganidza madzishe uye nharaunda kuchengetedza zvakasikwa nharaunda. Masvikiro emvura (majukwa) aive asiri iwo chete inongotenderwa kugadzira-mvura asi kuchengetedza iyo nharaunda yese yakasikwa.[13]
Nzanga neTsika[chinja | edit source]
Kuroora[chinja | edit source]
Kuroora Vakadzi vakawanda (Polygny)[chinja | edit source]
Mabhenefiti eVarume[chinja | edit source]
Mumagariro eVashona varume vaikwanisa kuroora vakadzi vakawanda.[14] Hondo padzakange dzichiri dzakajairika, madzinza kana mapoka emadzinza akakunda hondo idzi, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, vaive nemugove wezviwanikwa pakati pevanhu wakanaka. Saka kuitira vane huwandu hwakakwana hwevashandi vekudzivirira ndima, zvaikurudzirwa nenzanga kuti varume vese vakakura kuti varoore vakadzi vakawanda sezvavaikwanisa nekuita vana vazhinji.[15]
Kuvarume, kuroora vakadzi vakawanda zvakange zvakavanakira, nekuti zvaiita kuti mabasa ave nyore. Vadzimai nevana vasipihwa ndima dzavo dzemabasa adiwa kuitwa mumapurazi mashandiro akaita se:[15]
- kurima
- kudyara,
- kusakura,
- kukohwa
- kutarisa zvipfuyo nezvimwe wo
Nekuda kwezvinhu zvakadai vanhu vairumbidza kuroora vakadzi vazhinji. Sezvo zvinowanzo kudhura kuva mumba ine vakadzi vakawanda, hupfumi hwemurume hwaiyerwa nenhamba yevakadzi yaaive nayo, saka murume aive nevakadzi vakawanda aitariswa semunhu akapfuma.[15] Muchokwadi, vamwe vakadzi vaida kuva madzimai evarume vane vakadzi kavawanda nekuda kwekutenda kuti varume vakadaro vaive nepfuma yekuvachengeta vachifara.[15]
Chimutsamapfihwa[chinja | edit source]
- Kugara nhaka (kwevarume)
Kana murume akafirwa anokwanisa kuroora munin'ina wemukadzi wake akashaya kana kunyange muzukuru wemukadzi wake akashaya. Semuenzaniso, munin'ina wemukadzi mushakabvu anopihwa murume wake kuti amubatsire kuchengeta mhuri. Basa ra chimutsamapfihwa ndere kuona kuti anoenderera mberi nebasa nemabasa ehanzvadzi yake (kana hama) mumhuri.[16]
Vana[chinja | edit source]
Vana vaive vakakosha munyaya yesimba rezvematongerwo enyika. Kazhinji varume vane vana nevazukuru vazhinji vaiwanzo tora nzvimbo dzine simba kupfuura avo vasina. Madzinza uye dzimba dzaive zvidhinha zvekuvakisa nzira yekupinda munyaya yezvematongerwo enyika. Pamusoro pezvo, murume aitarisira wo kuvana vake uye nevazukuru vake kutsigirwa munguva yekurwara, uye makuriro enhamba yevana yaitaridza makuriro etarisiro yekuenderera kwerutsigiro.[15]
Vamwe varume vakapinda muhuwandu mubatanidzwa vaidaro nekuda kwebonde yavaipihwa pakakokwa kondinendi panguva yekuzvitakura nekuyamwisa kwevakadzi. Zvakange zvisinga bvumidzwi kuti murume aite zvepabonde nemukadzi wake panguva yekuyamwisa. Uyezve, iyo nguva yekuyamwisa yaive yakareba, kusvika makore maviri kana matatu. Pakanga pasina mukaka wekugadzira wekuti mwana adye.[15]
Mabhenefiti eVakadzi[chinja | edit source]
Dzimwe nguva kuroora vakadzi vakawanda kwaishandiswa senzira yekudzivirira kurambana. Kana hukama huripo pakati pemurume nemukadzi wake wakaipa nekuda kwehusimbe hwemukadzi kana zvimwe zvikonzero, iye aigona kuchengetwa semukadzi kune imwe mhando yehunhu hwake senge runako, kana hupfumi hwake. Sezvo, mutemo wekupachirikadzi nhaka yaitungamira chikonzero chekuti varume varoore vakadzi vakawanda. Panofa munin'ina wemunhu, nzanga yaitarisira hama yasara kuti itarisire shirikadzi nevana vayo.[15]
Vamwe vakadzi vakafunga kuti paive nezvimwe zvakanakira kupinda muuzhinji mubatanidzwa. Mukumba mukadzi aitarisirwa kutakura mutoro wese wepamba. Nekuda kweizvi, vamwe vakadzi vakaroorwa vakakurudzira varume vavo kuroora mamwe madzimai kuitira kuti vasava navo kutakura mutoro wese wepamba vari vega. Kazhinji vakadzi vaida kushamwaridzana futi. Mumagariro echinyakare zvaisave zvakakodzera kuti murume nemukadzi vagovane zvido zvakafanana uye zviitiko kana kuti ivo vanofanirwa kuve pamwechete kana kuita zvese pamwechete nguva dzese. Mumwe murume aitarisirwa kutsvaga shamwari nevamwe vake, uye mukadzi nevamwe vakadzi. Saka nekuda kwekufambidzana nevamwe vakadzi vakakurudzira varume vavo kuti vaunze mumwe mukadzi mumuwanano wavo. Uye, mutemo wenhaka yechirikadzi yaipa vamwe vakadzi mufaro, nekuti yaivavimbisa rugare, hupfumi nechengetedzo mushure mekufa kwemurume. Pamwe nekuda kweichi chidikanwi chemagariro uye kuchengetedzeka kwehupfumi dzimwe chirikadzi dzakakurudzira hama dzemurume wavo vapenyu kuti vapinde muhukama hwemukadzi wemurume navo.[15][16]
Kuroora[chinja | edit source]
Kuganha[chinja | edit source]
- Kuzviisa muwanano
Kana mukadzi achizivisa murume waanoshuvira kuroora anotora mukana uyu, anosarudza murume ogona kumuroora. Nzira iyi yekuroora yakasiyana neinowanzo shandiswa yekuti murume anosarudza mukadzi. Pamusoro pezvo, murume anogona kuve asina mukadzi kana kunge akaroorwa. Pachivanhu izvi zvinogamuchirwa pabarika, apo mukadzi aikura uye aifanira kuroora. Kazhinji, varume vaisaramba chikumbiro uye vaitora vakadzi vacho. Pakutora vakadzi, vaibva vabhadhara mari yavo kumhuri yevakadzi kuti vapedzise muchato.[16]
Kutema ugariri[chinja | edit source]
- Kushandira mukadzi
Nzira iyi inotorwa kana murume asingakwanise kubhadhara roora kuburikidza nekubhadharwa kwemombe dzechivanhu. Kazhinji, nzira iyi inoshandiswa nemhuri dzine hurombo kana nherera. Kutema ugariri inzira yekuroora inobvumidza murume kuroora nekushandira vabereki vemukadzi pakupera kwebasa rake, anobva azokwanisa kutora mudzimai wake. Sarudzo yekutema ugariri inopa nhengo dzakatambura imwe nzira yekuroora kana vasingakwanise kubhadhara kuburikidza netsika yekushandisa mombe.[16]
Kuzvarira[chinja | edit source]
- Kupikisa mwana kunemunhu
Mukuzvarira zvinoreva kuti vabereki vanopa mwanasikana wavo kuenda kunoroorwa nemunhu akapfuma kana akapfuma kudarika ivo:[16]
- Mukutsinhana nemombe,
- Chikafu
- kana chero zvimwe zvakakosha.
Iyi fomu yemuchato inotangwa nemhuri kana iri pasi pekushushikana kwemari kana kushaya hupfumi. Pakupa mwanasikana wavo kumhuri yakapfuma, ndiyo nzira yekubaira munhu kuti awane mikana iri nani uye kubvisa kushushikana kwemari mukati memba. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, kuzvarira kunoonekwa sedanho rekupedzisira. Iyi fomu ye roora haina kuitwa zvekupokana. Zvaiwanzosangana uye kutaurirana pamusoro pemhuri mwana asati avimbiswa kumhuri yekwatezvara.[16]
Kutizira[chinja | edit source]
- Kusiya imba uchienda kumba kwemukomana nekuda kwekuva nenhumbu
- Kana musikana achirambidza kuva nemukomana anogona kutizira
Kutizira itsika yakajairika yemuchato iyo ichiri kuitwa pakati pesangano reVashona. Iyi fomu yemuchato inoitika kana mukadzi abata nhumbu roora isati yabhadharwa kumhuri yake. Pakati pesangano reVashona, musikana asina kuroorwa ane pamuviri haatarisirwe kugara pamba pababa vake. Vashona vaizozvidza mukadzi akazvitakura, asina kuroorwa nekuzvidza uye anoudzwa kuti agare nababa vemwana wake. Nekuda kweizvozvo, munharaunda yemazuva ano, mukadzi ane nhumbu anofanira kuzvimanikidza pamurume ane chekuita kana kutotsvaga mumwe murume anoda kuve nepamuviri, kana mhuri ikatambira vakadzi sevasina kuroorwa uye vane nhumbu.[16][17]
Kukumbira[chinja | edit source]
- Muchato nekutaurirana
Mukukumbira kana vanhu vanoda kuroorana vafunga kuroora, mhuri dzese dzinoziviswa uye dzinotanga kutaurirana nerubatsiro rwemurevereri. Iyi ndiyo nzira yepamutemo inobvumidza iyo agency yemukadzi, uye mvumo yevabereki vake. Iyi nzira inoita kuti vabereki vechikomba vabhadhare mari yavo vakamirira mhuri yemwenga muchato usati wanzi uri pamutemo. Ichi chimiro chemuchato icho chichiri kuitwa pakati petsika dzechiShona dzazvino. Inoonekwa senzira inogamuchirwa yekuroora.[16][17][18]
Kudanana[chinja | edit source]
- Izvi zvinoreva kuti vanhu vacharoorana nekuda kwekuva murudo.
Mazuvano vanhu vanodanana (kana kufambidzana) muchihwande uye vanozivisa hukama hwavo kana vaakugadzirira kuroora.[19]
Musenga Bere[chinja | edit source]
- Kutora mukadzi uchimuendesa kumba kwako
Zvakadaro imwe nzira inozivikanwa uye yepamutemo yekuroora pakati petsika yechiShona yaive ichinzi musenga bere. Tsika iyi ndiyo yekuti murume anotanga kutsvaga musikana waanoda. Nekuona, zvisinei, kuti aisakwanisa kukunda moyo wake kwaari mushure mekuedza kwakawanda, aifanira kutora nzira ine ushingi iyo yaaifanira kuvandira mukadzi uye kumudhonzera kumba kwake. Kana akakwanisa kumuzvuzvurudzira kumba, kunyangwe zvaaishuwira, mukadzi iyeye akabva ave mudzimai wake. Sezvo izvi zvaizivikanwa senzira inoshanda yekuroora, vabereki vemusikana vaisa ramba mari yeroora yaiwanzo tevera kuvandira kwemwanasikana wavo. Tsika iyi haicha shandiswi pakuroora, nekuti vakadzi pari zvino vano chengetedzwa nemitemo yenyika, imhosva kupara nzira yakadai yekuroora. Pari zvino muZimbabwe, muchato unokwanisa chete kana vanhu vese vari vaviri vachipa mvumo yekuroora.[20][21]
Kuripira Ngozi[chinja | edit source]
- Mubhadharo wemweya wekutsiva
Pakati peVashona kazhinji Kuripira Ngozi itsika inozivikanwa kuti kana nhengo yemhuri ikauraiwa nemunhu wausingazive kana kuti munhu akarova munhu anozivikanwa, ipapo munhu iyeye anofanhira kubhadhara kurasikirwa kweropa nekupa mwanasikana wake kuti aroorwe nemumwe nhengo dzichiripo dzemhuri yemushakabvu. Kana mweya wemufi usati wanyaradzwa nenzira iyi zvinotendwa kuti unozodzoka woita bongozozo mumhuri yemhondi. Pachivanhu, kana mukadzi achinge asarudzwa kuti aite semubhadharo wekurasikirwa kweropa, anotarisirwa kuti asapikisane nesarudzo yevakuru vechirume asi kuti aite saizvozvo.[20]
Roora[chinja | edit source]
Kuti muwane rimwe ruzivo endai ku: Roora
Roora (Chindebele: Lobola). Pakati peVashona, sekumwe kune dzimwe nzanga dzevabereki, mubhadharo unonzi masazo "roora" unotora chinzvimbo chakakosha pakuronga kwekuchinjana nekubatana pakati pemhuri mbiri idzi dzaizodai dzakaunzwa pamwe nevakaroora. Haisi chete iyo masazone inoonekwa semubhadharo wakaitirwa iyo nguva nedambudziko rinotorwa kurera mwanasikana uyo ave kutumirwa kunogara neimwe mhuri, asi inoendesa kodzero dzehukama kumurume uye pakupedzisira kodzero pamusoro pevana vanozvarwa muwanano. Kana mukadzi akazviratidza kuva asingabereki kana kusiya asati abereka vana, hupfumi hwemuroora hunofanhira kudzoserwa. Kunyange hazvo pfuma yemuroora yakakosheswa mukubata muchato, kune zvimwe zvikamu zvakakosha zvemaroora zvinoita mubatanidzwa wemuchato pakati peVashona zvikuru. Pachivanhu, muchato wakaiswa chisimbiso kuburikidza nekubhadharwa rutsambo "kukosha kunoonekwa semari yeroora chaiyo" uye bhidhi (bead) yetambo inonzi chuma. Rutsambo mumazuva ekare akatora chimiro chebadza. Yakanga isiri tsaona chete kuti vakuru vedu vakagarira badza sechinhu chaitsanangura muchato; pakanga paine kukosha kukuru kwekufananidzira mubadza. Sezvakataurwa naMunhamu Pekeshe, apo tezvara vakagamuchira badza, ivo vaisimbisa kubatanidza zera kune kubereka kwevhu, zvinova zvinoita kuti muroora akwanise "kuibva" nekukumbirwa ruoko rwake muwanano.[22]
Chuma[chinja | edit source]
Chuma kana 'shambo' inopihwa muwanano uye inopfekwa nemwanasikana anenge achitorwa muwanano, inomirira runako rwake, pamusoro pezvo inotakura zvimiro zvebonde. Mukubvuma uye kupfeka chuma musikana anenge achibvuma pamberi pababa vake kuti anga akagadzirira kuita chikamu chake mukubereka. Kwaivewo kubvuma kwekuve kwake "akaiswa bhero" kune murume. Rutsambo nekudaro, sekupedzisa kwake, yaive hurukuro yekuzvara pakati pababa nemwanasikana.[20]
Madanho eRoora[chinja | edit source]
Danho rekutanga, danho rekuvhura muromo (Chindebele: Isivulamulomo), uko Mukwasha anopihwa mukana wekutaura zvinangwa zvake zvekuroora mudiwa wake mushure mekuisa mari mudengu rakarukwa, uye mhuri yemwenga inotaurira vemhuri yemurume zvavanoda seroora. Zuva rinobva ratarwa, rinotenderwa mapato ese, kuti vasangane zvakare. Panguva yekunyora, mhuri yemuroora (Ndau: makoti) kana vasingade mombe chaidzo vanogona kukumbira mari yakaenzana nenhamba yemombe dzavanoda. Izvi zviri nyore kumhuri zhinji nekuti kuchengeta mombe kunogona kuva nguva uye basa rakanyanya. Chikamu chechipiri, apo mhuri yemurume inozviratidza pachavo pazuva rakabvumiranwa, mari inoiswa zvakare mudengu rakarukwa kuti ibvumidzwe kutaura uye kuzadzikisa zvikumbiro zvemhuri yemuroora nekuburitsa roora yese.
Mhuri[chinja | edit source]
Kutumidza mazita[chinja | edit source]
Zita rekutanga[chinja | edit source]
Patsika dzechiShona mwana anopihwa zita rekutanga zvichibva pakudiwa nevabereki. Zita rinogona kuve zita rababa, vanun'una vake kana vabereki vake. Inogona zvakare kuve zita raamai, vanun'una vake kana vabereki vake.
Nzira inowanzozivikanwa yekutumidza mazita eShona inoenderana nemamiriro ekuberekwa kwemwana. Semuenzaniso, kana panguva yekuzvarwa kwemwana paive nemamiriro ezvinhu asina kunaka kana akanaka aigona kuve akakonzera amai nemwana kuva munjodzi mwana anogona kutumidzwa achishandisa iyi mamiriro.[23][24] Mazita akadai sa'Tsitsi ' (sekuti 'Mwari vatinzwira tsitsi 'uye mwana akasunungurwa zvakanaka)
Dzimwe nzira dzinogona kutumidzwa nemwana dzinoenderana nevabereki zvido zvemwana, nharaunda yavo kana nyika[23]. 'Tendai' (ivai nekutenda) kana 'Rudo' (ivai nerudo) . Pamusoro pezvo, mwana anogona kupihwa zita zvichibva pachokwadi kana mamiriro enyika yevabereki,[23] senge; 'Nhamo' (sekurwa), kana 'Achadiwa' (sekuti 'mwana achazodiwa', kunyanya kana mubatanidzwa wevabereki usina kugamuchirwa). Mamwe mazita anogona kunge ari shure kwemhuka, mwaka, mavara, nhamba uye nezvimwewo. Vana vechiShona kazhinji havana mazita epakati uye vazhinji vane zita rekutanga uye rekupedzisira.
Zita remhuri[chinja | edit source]
Mazita ekupedzisira evana veChiShona anowanzove ababa. Semuenzaniso kana zita rababa riri 'Zana' mwana anopihwa zita rababa vake. Panyaya yekuzvitangisa vechiShona vanhu vanoti zita rekutanga kana rekupedzisira zita. Kana rakanyorwa zita rekutanga rinouya rekutanga uye rekupedzisira rechipiri, kunyangwe izvi zvichigona kuitwa nerekare. Icho chikonzero chiri chekuti kunyangwe vanhu vechiShona vachiziva vanhu nemazita emhuri yavo.[23][24] Sezvazviri nekuziva zita remhuri yako kuti iwe uzive iyo nharaunda yavanogona kubva, uye kuti vanogona kuva mwana waani Kunyanya kukosha, kana mumwe munhu achizvizivisa kana kusangana nemumwe munhu waanoziva navo vanowanzo bvunza zita ravo rekupedzisira.
- "Uri mwana waani?" Kana vangangodaro vanosanganisira zita remhuri ravari kufunga nezvaro," Uri mwana waZana here iwewe? "
Uye kana uchipindura mubvunzo wakadai mumwe angati:
- "Ndinonzi Hazvinei Zana" kana kuti vangangotanga nezita ravo rekupedzisira, "Ndinonzai Zana, Hazvinei Zana'.
- Mumwe anogona kuti "Ehe, ndiri mwana wekwaZana. Ndinonzi Hazvinei".
Icho chikonzero chekureva zita rekupedzisira pekutanga kuzivisa mumwe munhu ndechekuti azive mhuri inobva munhu wacho. Nekudaro nei sumo dzechinyakare dzaigara dzichitaridzika seizvi:
- "Hazvinei Zana, mwana wekwaZana"
Kana kuti
- "Hazvinei Zana, wemba yaZana"
Mazita evabereki[chinja | edit source]
Kutimidza munhu zita nekuda kwemana wake (Chirungu: Tekynonyms). Vashona vanowanzova nemazita evabereki kana mazita ekuremekedza mushure memwana. Semuenzaniso kana vaine vana vatatu Hazvinei, Tsitsi naAchadiwa Zana. Vabereki vachatumidzwa zita remwana wavo wedangwe. Semuenzaniso:
- Amai Hazvi kana Mai Hazvi (vachiuya kubva kuna amai vaHazvinei),
saizvozvo baba vachatumidzwa sa:
- Baba waHazvi kana BaHazvi (vachiuya kubva kuna baba vaHazvinei).
Zvipfeko[chinja | edit source]
Kupfeka kweVashona kwakura pamusoro pemakore, kunyanya kana kuchionekwa kubva kunguva dzechinyakare kusvika mazuva ano. Vashona vane nhoroondo yehunhu waka pfuma, kunyangwe hazvo vakasiya tsika nemagariro avo kazhinji nekuti vanozviti ndezve madhimoni nekuda kweVarungu nekuzvivenga (uye nekuda kuita seVarungu, nekufanana neVarungu) vano wanzo shora hunhu hwavo. Tsika yavo pamusor pezve kupfeka kazhinji zvakanyanya mavara uye mavara akajeka.
Machira[chinja | edit source]
Mutsika dzeVashona kana munhu achipfeka anofinhira kuzviremekedza, uye kuremekedza vamwe nenhaka yake, izvi zvinosanganiswa nekuva nehunhu (Ndebele: Ubuntu). Pamusoro pezvo, hembe dzevanhu vechiShona muchinyakare (kunyangwe ikozvino) dzaiwanzo kuve machira aiputirwa pamwiri, muchimiro aitaridzika se:
- Rokwe (dress)
- Siketi (skirts)
- Mbikiza (short skirt)
- Sleeveless "top" (vakadzi vaisungira kana ku-tuck in jira racho)
- One shoulder "tops" (vakadzi vaigona kusungira pabendekete)
- Mabhurugwa (kunyanya evarume)
- Pamwe vaingova nemachira ekufuga muchando
Vamwe vasikana vaingo pfeka jira rekuita se siketi vasinga vhari mazamu.
Maonamenzi (ornaments)[chinja | edit source]
Chuma Che Chiuno[chinja | edit source]
Chuma chechiuno (Chirungu: Waist beads; waist belts) ne mabhande echiuno pfekwa nevasikana vechiShona sefashoni. Chume chechiuno kunyanya chaingova chefashoni, uye chekuti vasikana vanake mumaziso evarume. Zvimwe zvikonzero zvekupfeka chuma chechiuno hachizivikwi.
Chuma Che Hudyu[chinja | edit source]
Pamusoro pe chiuma chechiuno vasikana vechiShona vaipfeka chuma chehudyu (Chirungu: hip beads). Izvi zvaipfekwa kuti zvibate masiketi avasikana panzvimbo, uye zvaive zvakanaka.
Ndoro[chinja | edit source]
Ndoro yainge yakafanana ne shepu yemasheo; masheu kana masheosi; masheusi (Chirungu: shell; shells) aibva kucoast yeMozambiki nekuti Vashona vaitonga uye nekugara nzvimbo yakawanda, pamusoro pezvo vaitengesa zvinhu vachipihwa zvimwe mukudzoserwa. Masheu aigadzirwa sema necklaces aipfekwa pahuro uye pahuma.
Bhurasi Onamenzi (brass ornaments)[chinja | edit source]
Aipfekwa mutsoka, muhuro nemumaoko evakadzi.
Varume vaigona kumapfeka mumaoko kana mumaoko.
Madhikausi[chinja | edit source]
Madhikausi (Chirungu: earrings)
Unyanzvi (art)[chinja | edit source]
Zviumbwa (sculptures)[chinja | edit source]
Mhanzi[chinja | edit source]
Makombwe (instruments)[chinja | edit source]
Ngoma[chinja | edit source]
Tsaranziyo (lyrics)[chinja | edit source]
Zvinyorwa[chinja | edit source]
Mabviro eruzivo[chinja | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 The Patriot, 5 Kukadzi 2015, 'Origin of the Shona name' Yakatariswa: 8 Chikumi 2021
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 'Enthologue: shona', Yakatariswa: 9 Chikumi 2021
- ↑ en:wiki contributors, (12 May 2020),'List of Rulers of Mutapa', Yakatariswa: 8 Chikumi 2021
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Marin theatre, n.d., 'Shona culture & traditions', religion. Yakatariswa: 6 Chikumi 2021
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Daneel, Marthinus L. (1970). The God of the Matopo Hills: An Essay on the Mwari Cult in Rhodesia. The Hague, Netherlands: Mouton & Co. p. 16.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 'The Rhodesia Native Affairs Dept. Annual for 1979', Yakatariswa: 10 Chikumi 2021
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 Chidester, David (2012-04-23). Wild Religion: Tracking the Sacred in South Africa. University of California Press. ISBN 9780520951570.
- ↑ Obvious Vengeyi, 'The Bible in the Service of Pan-Africanism', in The Bible and Politics in Africa, ed. M. Gunda and J. Kugler (University of Bamburg Press, 2012), pp. 85-6.
- ↑ Mtapuri, O & Mazengwa J. P,Ndira 2013 'Of spirituality and poverty: A Zimbabwean cultural perspective', Indo-Pacific journal of Phenomenology. Vol.13 n.1 Grahamstown. Yakatariswa: 9 Chikumi 2021
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Mapanzure, 31 Chivabvu 2016, 'Chisi', Yakatariswa: 9 Chikumi 2021
- ↑ Mavhu F.W. Hargrove, 18 Chivabvu 2012, 'Guest voices: Shona creation stories' Yakatariswa: 5 Chikumi 2021
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 'Njuzu Zimbabwean spirit' Yakatariswa: 10 Chikumi 2021
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 Machoko G. C, Mbuzi 2013, 'Water spirits and the conservation of the natural environment: A case study from Zimbabwe' Internation journal of Sociology and Anthropology. Vol. 5(8), pp. 285-296. Yakatariswa: 10 Chikumi 2021
- ↑ 'Shona Marriage and Family' Yakatariswa: 10 Chikumi 2021
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4 15.5 15.6 15.7 Chavunduka L. G, h.z, 'The Rodhesia Native Affairs Dept. for 1979', Polygyny among Urban Shona and Ndebele Christians. Acase study. Yakatariswa: 10 Chikumi 2021
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 16.5 16.6 16.7 Ndhlovu Tine, 29 Nyamavhuvhu 2020, 'What you need to know about Shona marriages' Yakatariswa: 10 Chikumi 2021
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 Dominique Meekers, 1993, 'The noble custom of Roora: The Marriage practices o the Shona of Zimbabwe', enthology. Vol. 32, No. 1 (Winter, 1993), pp. 35-54 (20 pages). Yakatariswa: 10 Chikumi 2021
- ↑ Mawere M & Mawere M. A, Zvita 2010 'The changing philosophy of African marriage: The relevance of the Shona customary marriage practice of Kukumbira', Journal of African Studies and Development Vol. 2(9), pp. 224-233. Yakatariswa: 10 Chikumi 2021.
- ↑ 'Zimbabwe culture-Family' Yakatariswa: 10 Chikumi 2021
- ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 Canisius Mwandiya, 2017, 'Towards the reform of the Christian understanding of Shona traditional marriages in light of ancient Israelites marriages' Studia Hist. Ecc. vol.43 n.3 Pretoria 2017. Yakatariswa: 11 Chikumi 2021
- ↑ Rumbidzai Dube, "Till Death Do us Part? Marriage in Zimbabwe", Research and Advocacy Unit. Yakatariswa: 11 Chikumi 2021
- ↑ Munhamu Pekeshe, "Traditional Marriage: A Spiritual and Cultural Act," in The Patriot, September 11, 2014. Yakatariswa: 11 Chikumi 2021
- ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 23.3 Shumirai Nyota, 25 Gunyana 2010 https://www.buala.org/en/to-read/shona-anthroponyms-as-summaries-of-the-namers-and-the-named-s-experiences Yakatariswa: 12 Chikumi 2021
- ↑ 24.0 24.1 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/249025163_Naming_Practices_and_Language_Planning_in_Zimbabwe Yakatariswa: 12 Chikumi 2021


text:
- Vaccine kushanya kunomutsa mibvunzo yekusaenzana kwejekiseni.
- Vaccine kushanya kunowedzera kupatsanura pakati pevapfumi nevane rombo shoma.
- Vanhu vakapfuma kwazvo munyika dzine hurombo vanokwanisa kuwana mishonga yekudzivirira nekuti vanokwanisa kufamba.
Vaccine yekushanyirwa, uko nzvimbo dzevashanyi ikozvino dzave kupa majekiseni eCOVID-19 pazororo kukwezva vashanyi, ibakatwa rakapetwa kaviri sezvo, nepo ichikwanisa kubatsira kutangazve kwekufamba, inomutsawo mubvunzo wehutano hwevheji sezvo ichawedzera kuwedzera kupatsanurana vapfumi uye vane rombo shoma.
Maindasitiri eQ2 2021 ongororo yevatengi yakawana kuti chete 6% yevapinduri vepasirese havana hanya nezvedambudziko reCOVID-19. 94% yasara yaive 'yakanyanyisa', 'zvishoma' kana 'zvakanyanya' zvine chekuita. Nekunetsekana kwakakwira, mukana wekubaiwa jekiseni wakatorwa nevazhinji. Kunonoka kwenguva refu kana kushomeka kwejekiseni reECVID-19 mune dzimwe nyika kuri kutungamira vashanyi kuenda kune dzimwe nzvimbo.
Vanhu vakapfuma kwazvo munyika dzine hurombo vava kukwanisa kutanga kuwana majekiseni sezvo vachikwanisa kufamba. Izvi zvinomutsa nharo dzekuti nyika dzinokurudzira kushanya kwekudzivirira zvirwere dzinogona kunge dzichipa mishonga yekudzivirira yakawanda pane kupa mukana kuvashanyi vakapfuma.
Chokwadi US inoti, Russia, Maldives, neIndonesia ndidzo dzimwe dzenzvimbo dziri kupa majekiseni evashanyi parizvino. Mamwe masangano ekufamba atora mukana wekusimudzira mapiritsi ekushanyirwa senzira yekuwedzera mari. In Rashiya, semuenzaniso, vhiki-nhatu jekiseni kushanya mapakeji akatemerwa pakati peUS $ 1,500 kusvika US $ 2,500, kusanganisa mutengo weti yetikiti, unosanganisira majekiseni. Nekudaro, nenzvimbo zhinji pasi rese dzichiri kunetsekana nemushonga wekudzivirira wakaderera, izvi zviri kumutsa mubvunzo wekuenzana kwejekiseni.
Zvinoenderana nedatha razvino, Democratic Republic of the Congo yakapa majekiseni mazana matatu pavanhu chiuru kubva musi wa3.5 Nyamavhuvhu 1,000. Izvi zvinojekesa patova nemukana wakakura pakati penyika dzakasiyana, uye vazhinji vari kusiiwa kumashure.
Imwe yakanaka yekudzivirira kwekudzivirira ndeyekuti inogona kutora chikamu mukutangazve kwekufamba mushure mekunge COVID-19 denda raunza chikamu ichi nemabvi. Kusimuka kwepasirese kwepasirese kwakaderera ne -72.5% gore-pamusoro-gore (YoY) uye nzendo dzekumba ne -50.8% YoY, zvinoenderana nedatha yazvino. Izvi zvinoratidza zvakakomba mhedzisiro yedenda uye nei nzvimbo dzepasirese dziri kuda kutanga kwekutanga.