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CIPAUKO 3
Ngo Capi Cidisiso ca Mwari Kuno Vandhu?
1. Ngo capi cidisiso ca Mwari kuno vandhu?
MWARI wainga no cidisiso cakanaka maningi kuno vandhu. Iyena wakaita mwanarume no mwanakaji wo kutanga, Adhamu na Evha, kuti vararame mu munda wo maruva waiseja. Cidisiso cake cainga co kuti vave no vana, vaite paradhiso pasi pese, no kungwarira zvinyama.—Genesi 1:28; 2:8, 9, 15; vonanyi Masoko o Kupejisira civerengo 6.
2. Tinozvizivisa kudini kuti Mwari anozoita cidisiso cake? (b) Bhaibheri rinonangenyi ngo kurarama mbhera na rini?
2 Munorangarira kuti tingazoraramavo mu paradhiso here? Jehovha anotibvunja kuti: “Ndakabziimisa, ndinozobziita.” (Isaia 46:9-11; 55:11) Hina, anozoita zvaakaimisira kana kuti cidisiso cake zve apana cingamukamisa. Jehovha anonanga kuti anothangwe ro kuita pasi pano. Iyena “aazivi kuirura inga bzipare.” (Isaia 45:18) Iyena waida kuti vandhu vararame pasi pano pese. Mwari waida vandhu vo mushovonyi kuti vararame pasi pano, zve mbhera rini? Bhaibheri rinoti: “Varurami [kana, vanozwira] vanazoita veno vo nyika, vanozogaremo mbhera narini.”—Nduyo 37:29; Apokalipsi 21:3, 4.
3. Zvecivoneka kuti vandhu vari kuhwaja vecifa, cicinyi camungabvunjisa?
3 Nyamasi vandhu vari kuhwaja vecifa. Mu ndau zinji, ivona vanotakana veciurayana. Zvokadi izvi andizvopi zvaida Mwari. Waro, kwakashatenyi, zve ngenyi? I Bhaibheri basi rinokwanisa kuzvidurujira.
MUVENGI WA MWARI
4, 5. (a) Ndiyani wakabhuya na Evha zvecibva ngo mukanwa mo nyoka mu munda wo Maruva? (b) Zvingaitisa kudini kuti mundhu wakagondeka agume pakuva mbabva?
4 Bhaibheri rinotibvunja kuti Mwari ano muvengi anodaninjwa kuti “Dhiabho nokuti Sathana.” Sathana wakashandisa nyoka kuti iverekete na Evha mu munda wo Edheni. (Apokalipsi 12:9; Genesi 3:1) Iyena wakaita kuti iite inga nyoka iri kuvereketa.—Vonanyi Masoko o Kupejisira civerengo 7.
5 Waro, ndi Mwari wakaita Sathana Dhiabho here? Haiwa! Ngirozi yainga kudenga Mwari paainasirira pasi pano kuitira Adhamu na Evha yakacinja, yova Dhiabho. (Jobe 38:4, 7) Zvakaitisa kudini? Vonanyi! Zvingaitisa kudini kuti mundhu wakagondeka kamare acinje kuva mbabva? Iyena aazivi kubahwa ari mbabva. Asi iyena woemura, kana kuda ciro ciciripi cake. Iyena oramba ecindocirangarira, zve cidisiso cake cakashata coguma pa kuva cakakura. Perapo, paanowana mukana, iyena wotociba. Iyena wacinja ega kuva mbabva.—Verenganyi Jakobo 1:13-15; vonanyi Masoko o Kupejisira civerengo 8.
6. Zvakaitisa kudini kuti ngirozi ive muvengi wa Mwari?
6 Ndizvona zvakaitika no ngirozi iyi. Pasure po kusika Adhamu na Evha, Jehovha wakananga kuti vave no vana zve ‘vazaje nyika.’ (Genesi 1:27, 28) Ngirozi iyi yakarangarira kuti: ‘Vandhu vese ava vangandinamata kunja ko kunamata Jehovha!’ Paainga ecizvirangarira maningi, kuemura kwake zviro zva Jehovha kwaikuravo maningi. Ngirozi iyi yaida kuti vandhu vamunamate. Ngo kudaro wakaenda kocengeja Evha. (Verenganyi Genesi 3:1-5.) Ngo kuita izvi, iyona yakava Sathana Dhiabho, muvengi wa Mwari.
7. (a) Ngenyi Adhamu na Evha vakafa? (b) Ngenyi tinoita harahwa perapo tofa?
7 Adhamu na Evha vakaphwanya mutemo wa Mwari voha mucero. (Genesi 2:17; 3:6) Ivona vakashaishira Jehovha, perapo vofa, inga zvainga zvakanangwa ndi Jehovha kuti ngo zvavaizoita. (Genesi 3:17-19) Vana va Adhamu na Evha vaingavo vashaishi, ngo kudaro vakafavo. (Verenganyi VaRoma 5:12.) Kuti tibesehwe ngo kuzwisisa kuti ngenyi vana va Adhamu na Evha vakavavo vashaishi, vonanyi muezaniso uwu. Rangariranyi ciumbiro co pau cakabofoka. Pau jakona jinozobudavo jakabofoka inga ciumbiro cajo. Adhamu paakatama kuzwira Mwari iyena wakava mushaishi. Zvecivoneka kuti itusu tiri vana va Adhamu, tese tiri vashaishi, kana kuti “takabofokavo” inga Adhamu. Zvecivoneka kuti tiri vashaishi, itusu tinoita harahwa perapo tofa.—VaRoma 3:23; vonanyi Masoko o Kupejisira civerengo 9.
8, 9. (a) Sathana waida kuti Adhamu na Evha vadavirenyi? (b) Asi ngenyi Jehovha aazivi kuuraya ciriporipoco vapandukiri?
8 Sathana wakatanga kupandukira Jehovha paakaitisa kuti Adhamu na Evha vatame kuzwira Mwari. Iyena waida kuti Adhamu na Evha vadavire kuti Jehovha munyepi, mutongi wakashata acikadi zvakanaka kwavari. Sathana wainga ecinanga kuti vandhu avacaidikanepi kubvunjwa zvokuita ndi Mwari zve kuti Adhamu na Evha vaidikana kukheta vega zvakanaka no zvakashata. Waro Jehovha waizoitenyi? Iyena waikwanisa kuuraya vapandukiri. Asi izvi zvaizovonesa kuti Sathana ndiyena munyepi here? Haiwa.
9 Ngo kudaro, Jehovha aazivi kuuraya ciriporipoco vapandukiri ava. Asi wakapekeja cinguva kuti vandhu vajitonge vega. Izvi zvaizovonesa pambhene kuti Sathana ndiyena munyepi zve kuti Jehovha anoziva zvakanaka kuno vandhu. Tinozojija zvizinji ngo pamusoro pazvo mu Cipauko 11. Asi munovona kudini ngo pamusoro po civaringo ca Adhamu na Evha? Zvainga zvakanaka kwavari kuzwira Sathana votama kuzwira Mwari here? Jehovha wakavapekeja zvese zvavainga nazvo. Wakavapekeja upenyu hwakakwana, ndau yakaseja kuti vagaremo, no basa raivadakajisa. Asi Sathana apana na cimwe cakanaka caakavaitira. Kudari no mainga muriyo, maizoitenyi?
10. Zvicinyi zvinosisira manigi zvatinodikana kukheta kwatiri tese?
10 Nyamasi uno, tese tino zvatinodikanavo kukheta, zve upenyu hwedu huri munyara mo zvatinokhetaro. Tingakheta kuzwira Jehovha inga Mutungamiriri wedu zve tobesera kutatija kuti Sathana munyepi. Kana tingakheta Sathana inga mutungamiriri wedu. (Nduyo 73:28; verenganyi Mazwi Akangwara 27:11.) Vandhu vashoma basi munyika ino, ndivona vanozwira Mwari. Zvokadi iyena andiyepi mutongi wo nyika ino. Asi kudari aciripi Mwari, azori ani?
NDIYANI ARI KUTONGA NYIKA?
11, 12. (a) Tinojijenyi ngo kupa kwakaita Sathana kuna Jesu? (b) Matahwa api anovonesa kuti Sathana ndiyena Mutongi wo nyika?
11 Jesu waiziva waitonga nyika kamare. Vhaza imweni, Sathana wakamutatija “umambo hwese hwo nyika no goja rahwo.” Perapo, Sathana wakagondesa Jesu kuti: “Ndinozokupa bzese ibzi kudari ukagwadama wondiromberera.” (Mateu 4:8, 9; Luka 4:5, 6) Jibvunjisenyi kudari: ‘Kudari umambo uhu ahucaingepi hwa Sathana, waizoupekeja Jesu here?’ Haiwa. Utongi hwese ngo hwa Sathana.
12 Kangaije mungananga kuti: ‘Zvingaitisa kudini kuti Sathana ave mutongi wo nyika? Asipi Jehovha Mwari Mukuru-kuru wakasika zvese here?’ (Apokalipsi 4:11) Hina, ndiyena, asi Jesu wakadanija Sathana pambhene kuti ndi “mambo wo nyika.” (Johani 12:31; 14:30; 16:11) Mupostori Pauro wakadaninjavo Sathana Dhiabho kuti ndi ‘mwari wo mugariro uno wo zviro.’ (2 VaKorinto 4:3, 4, Shanduro yeNyika Itsva) Zve mupostori Johani wakatara kuti “nyika yese yo pasi iri mu nyara ya Sathana.”—1 Johani 5:19.
NYIKA YA SATHANA INOZOPHWANYISWA KUDINI?
13. Ngenyi tinoda nyika imbza?
13 Nyika ino iri kunyanyisa kushata. Tiri kuvona hondo, uvori, ucengejeri no ugevenga zvese zvakatitendeneja. Vandhu avakwanisi kuzvijivirira azvinenyi no kuvangisira kwavo. Asi Mwari mbaimbai anoparaja nyika ino yakashata pa hondo yake yo Armagedhoni, zve iyena anozoicinja ngo nyika imbza yakarurama.—Apokalipsi 16:14-16; vonanyi Masoko o Kupejisira civerengo 10.
14. Mwari wakakheta aani kuti ave Mambo wo Umambo Hwake? Bhaibheri rainga rakanangenyi ngo pamusoro pa Jesu?
14 Jehovha wakakheta Jesu kuti ave Mambo wo utongi Hwake, kana Umambo hwo mugore. Zviuru zvo makore a pera, Bhaibheri rainga rakananga kuti Jesu anozotonga inga “muzware wo kunyarara,” BMAA, zve kuti kutonga kwake akuzoperi. (Isaia 9:6, 7) Jesu wakajijisa vateveri vake kuti vaite mukumbiro ngo utongi uhu paakananga kuti: “Umambo hwenyu ngahuze kwedu, kuda kwenyu ngakuitwe pasi pano inga nyezuru.” (Mateu 6:10) Mu Cipauko 8, tinozojija kuti Umambo hwa Mwari hunozocinjisa kudini utongi hwo nyika. (Verenganyi Danieli 2:44.) Perapo, Umambo hwa Mwari hunozoita pasi pano paradhiso yakaseja maningi.—Vonanyi Masoko o Kupejisira civerengo 11.
NYIKA IMBZA IRI PHEDO!
15. I cinyi “pasi papsa”?
15 Bhaibheri rinogondesa kuti: ‘Tinovetera gore ibza no pasi papsa’ zve ‘urungami unozogaremo.’ (2 Pedru 3:13, Shanduro yeNyika Itsva; Isaia 65:17) Nguva jimweni Bhaibheri recinanga kuti “pasi,” riri kunangira vandhu vanorarama pasi pano. (Genesi 11:1) Ngokudaro “pasi papsa” pakarungama, zvinoreva vandhu vanozwira Mwari vanozokomborehwa ndiyena.
16. Ngocapi cipo cinodakajisa cinopa Mwari kuna vaya vanorarama mu nyika imbza yake? Zve ngozvapi zvatinodikana kuita kuti tiashire cipo ici?
16 Jesu wakagondesa kuti vaya vanorarama mu nyika imbza ya Mwari ‘vanozorarama no kucingaperi.’ (Marco 10:30) Ngocapi catinodikana kuita kuti tiashire cipo ici? Tapota verenganyi Johani 3:16 no 17:3 kuti muwane mupinguro. Wari ngativone kuti Bhaibheri rinonangenyi ngo pamusoro po magariro o upenyu hwo mu Paradhiso.
17, 18. Tinozvizivisa kudini kuti pasi pano panozova no rugarisiko kuri kwese zve kuti tinozova takangwaririka?
17 Ushati, hondo, kuphuka mutemo, zve no ugevenga zvicazopera. Kunozonga kucinazve mundhu wakashata anosara pasi pano. (Nduyo 37:10, 11) Mwari anozopeja “hondo mbhera ku magumo o nyika.” (Nduyo 46:10; Isaia 2:4) Pasi pano panozonga pakazara ngo vandhu vano rudo na Mwari zve vanomuzwira. Panozova no runyararo hwo kwenda no kwenda.—Nduyo 72:7.
18 Vandhu va Jehovha vanozozwa vakangwaririka. Munguva jo Bhaibheri, vaIziraeri pavaizwira Mwari, ivona vaingwaririka ngo kuti iyena waivajivirira. (VaLevi 25:18, 19) Mu Paradhiso aticazothyizve ciri cese kana ari wese. Tinozogara takangwaririka basi!—Verenganyi Isaia 32:18; Mikeya 4:4.
19. Ngenyi tingava no cokwadi co kuti munyika imbza ya Mwari munozova no zvokuha zvakawanda?
19 Kunozova no zvokuha zvakawanda. ‘Munda inozobara mbeu jakawanda. Musonjoti inozozungunyika panyezuru po matundhu.’ (Nduyo 72:16) Jehovha, ‘Mwari wedu, anozotikomborera.’—Nduyo 72:7.
20. Tinozvizivisa kudini kuti pasi pano panozova paradhiso?
20 Pasi pese panozova paradhiso. Vandhu vanozova no nyumba jakaseja no maruva akadakaja. (Verenganyi Isaia 65:21-24; Apokalipsi 11:18) Pasi pese panozova pakaita inga munda wo maruva wo Edheni. Jehovha anozoramba ecitipa zvese zvatinoda. Bhaibheri rinoti ngo pamusoro pake: “Munofunungura nyara jenyu, munogutisisa bzese bzinorarama.”—Nduyo 145:16.
21. Tinozivisa kudini kuti kunozova no runyararo pakati po vandhu no zvinyama?
21 Kucazova no runyararo pakati po vandhu no zvinyama. Zvinyama azvicazorumizve vandhu. Cimwana mudoko cinozova cakajiviririka, pikija ciri pakati po zvinyama zvinothyisa nyamasi uno.—Verenganyi Isaia 11:6-9; 65:25.
22. Jesu anozoitenyi kuno vanohwaja?
22 Akuna anozohwaja. Jesu paainga pasi pano, iyena wakarapa vandhu vakawanda. (Mateu 9:35; Marco 1:40-42; Johani 5:5-9) Asi inga Mambo wo Umambo hwa Mwari, Jesu anozorapa vese. Akuna anozonanga kuti: “Ndiri kuhwaja.”—Isaia 33:24; 35:5, 6.
23. Mwari anozoitenyi kuno vakafa?
23 Vakafa vanozoraramazve. Mwari anogondesa kuti anozomusa zviuru no zviuru zvo vandhu vakafa. “Kunozowanika kumuka ko vakafa: vanasi no vacikanasi.”—Verenganyi Johani 5:28, 29; Maitiro o Vapostori 24:15.
24. Munozwa kudini ngo pamusoro po kurarama mu Paradhiso?
24 Tese tino zvatinodikana kukheta. Tingakheta kujija ngo pamusoro pa Jehovha zve tomushandira, kana tingaita zvatinoda kuita. Kudari tikakheta kushandira Jehovha, tingava no kumbeji kunodakajisa. Mwanarume wiya paakakumbira kuzorangarihwa pakupera kufa kwake, Jesu wakamugondesa kuti: “Ucazova na inini mu Paradhiso.” (Luka 23:43, Shanduro yeNyika Itsva) Imanyi tijije zvizinji ngo pamusoro pa Jesu Kristu zve kuti iyena anozoitisa kudini kuti zvigondiso zvinodakajisa zva Mwari zvikwanirisike.


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CIPAUKO 19
Garanyi Phedo na Jehova
1, 2. Ngokwapi kwatingawana jiviriro?
RANGARIRANYI kuti muri kufamba kunja zibepo recibvunguza. Makore otanga kupsipa, kotanga kurazva, zve mbheni yotanga kupaja. Tevere nvura yotanga kuna. Moringa-ringa kupsaka ndau yo kutizira. Azvidakajisi pamunowana pokufindara here?
2 Tiri pa mugariro wakafanana nyamasi. Mugariro wo nyika uri kwenda wecishatisisa. Kangaije mungabvunjisa kuti, ‘Ndingawana kwapi jiviriro?’ Muimbi wo nduyo mu Bhaibheri wakatara kuti: “Bvunjai [Jehovha] kuti: ‘Ndimwi citiziro cangu, rusingo hwangu, Mwari wangu wondinogonda.’” (Nduyo 91:2) Hina, Jehovha angatisujunura mu zvineso zvedu wari, zve wotipekeja vetero inodakajisa kumbejiyo.
3. Tingaitisa kudini kuti Jehovha ave citiziro cedu?
3 Jehovha angatijiviririsa kudini? Iyena angatibesera kuti tihwisane no cineso ciri cese zve iyena anosimba guru kupinda ari wese angaeja kutikhuvaza. Pikija tikaitikihwa ngo ciri cese nyamasi, ngatithembe kuti Jehovha anozocinasirira kumbejiyo. Bhaibheri rinotivangisa kuti: “Vanganyi [kana rambanyi muri] mu rudo hwa Mwari.” (Juda 1:21) Tinodikana kugara phedo na Jehovha kuti tiashire besero rake pa nguva yo zvineso. Asi tingazviitisa kudini?
KUASHIRA RUDO HWA MWARI
4, 5. Jehovha anokhombijisa kudini rudo hwake kwatiri?
4 Kuti tigare phedo na Jehovha tinodikana kuziva kuti iyena anotida maningi. Rangariranyi zvese zvatakaitihwa ndi Jehovha. Wakatipa pasi pakaseja maningi zve wopazaja ngo muti no zvinyama zvinodakajisa. Wakatipavo zvokuha zvinonaka no kumwa yakacena kuti timwe. Zve Jehovha anoshandisa Bhaibheri kuti atijijise zina rake no undhu hwake hunoshamaisa. Kupinda zvese izvi, iyena wakakhombija rudo hwake paakatuma Mwana wake, Jesu, kuti aviye kuzopira upenyu kwatiri. (Johani 3:16) Itisu tinovetero yo kumbeji inodakajisa ngo pamusoro po kujipira uku.
5 Jehovha wakanasirira Umambo hwa Mesia, utongi hwo kudenga kuti hupeje matambujiko sambi-sambi. Umambo uhu hunozoita kuti pasi pano pave paradhiso zve vandhu vese vanozogara no runyararo mbhera narini. (Nduyo 37:29) Njira imweni Jehovha yaakakhombijira ndiyona rudo hwake kwatiri, ngo yokutijijisa mararamire akanaka. Iyena anotikokazve kuti tiite mukumbiro kwaari, zve iyena nguva jese anocido co kuzwa mukumbiro jedu. Jehovha anokhombija rudo kuna umwe na umwe wedu.
6. Mungaashirisa kudini rudo hwa Jehovha?
6 Mungaashirisa kudini rudo hwa Jehovha? Mutatijenyi kuti muri kubonga ngo zvese zvaakamuitira. Zvinosuruvarisa ngo zvokuti, vazinji nyamasi avakwanisi kubonga. Ndizvona zvaiitika Jesu paainga pasi pano. Pa vhaza imweni, Jesu wakarapa gumi ro vandhu vainga no mapere, asi umwe basi ndiyena wakabonga. (Luka 17:12-17) Tinodikana kuva inga mwanarume wakabongaya Jesu. Tinoda kubonga Jehovha nguva jese.
7. Tinodikana kudisa kudini Jehovha?
7 Tinodikana kukhombijiravo rudo hwedu kuna Jehovha. Jesu wakabvunja vajiji vake kuti vaidikana kuda Jehovha no mwoyo wavo wese no mwiha wavo wese, no hwiru hwavo hwese. (Verenganyi Mateu 22:37.) Izvi zvinorevenyi?
8, 9. Tingakhombijisa kudini kuti tinoda Jehovha?
8 Zvinokwana kunanga basi kuti tinoda Jehovha here? Haiwa. Kudari tecida Jehovha ngo mwoyo wedu wese, mwiha no murangariro, tinozokhombija rudo hwedu kwaari ngo zviito. (Mateu 7:16-20) Bhaibheri rinojijisa pambhene kuti kudari tecida Mwari, tinozozwira mupango jake. Izvi zvinonesa here? Haiwa, ngo kuti “Mupango [ya Jehovha] airemi.”—Verenganyi 1 Johani 5:3.
9 Patinozwira Jehovha, tinova no upenyu hunodakajisa. (Isaia 48:17, 18) Asi icinyi cinozotibesera kugara phedo na Jehovha? Imanyi tivone.
RAMBANYI MECIKHWEDERA PHEDO NA JEHOVHA
10. Ngenyi munodikana kuramba mecijija ngo pamusoro pa Jehovha?
10 Mungaitisa kudini kuti muve shamwari ya Jehovha? Ngo kujija kwenyu Bhaibheri, munganasa kuziva Jehovha zve moita ushamwari hwakanaka nae. Ushamwari uhu, hwakaita inga muriro wamunoda kuti ugare wecibwaka. Inga muriro unoda huni kuti ubwake imwimwi munodikana kujija ngo pamusoro pa Jehovha kuti ushamwari hwenyu nae huvange.—Mazwi Akangwara 2:1-5.
11. Jijiso jo Bhaibheri jinozomupsasisa kudini?
11 Pamunoramba mecijija Bhaibheri, munozojija zviro zvinozomupsasa mwoyo kamare. Vonanyi mazwire akava no vajiji vaviri va Jesu, Jesu paakakavadurujira zviporofita zvo Bhaibheri. Ivona vakati: “Mwoyo wedu aucaibwakepi, kani, mu gwanja, powaibuya nesu, ecitidurujira Matahwa?”—Luka 24:32.
12, 13. (a) Zvicinyi zvingaitika no rudo hwedu kuna Mwari? (b) Tingaitisa kudini kuti rudo hwedu kuna Jehovha hurambe hwakavanga?
12 Inga kupsasiwa mwoyo kwakaithwa vajiji va Jesu pavakazwisisa matahwa, kangaije makavavo no cido cakafanana pamakazwisisa Bhaibheri. Izvi zvakamubesera kuziva Jehovha no kumuda. Amubviri kuda kuti rudo uhu hupere.—Mateu 24:12.
13 Zvecivoneka kuti makava shamwari ya Mwari, munodikana kushanda ngo simba kuti murambe muno ushamwari hwakavanga. Munodikana kuramba mecijija ngo pamusoro pa Mwari na Jesu zve mecirangarijisisa ngo pamusoro po zvamuri kujija zve no mashandisire amungazviita mu upenyu hwenyu. (Johani 17:3) Pamunojija Bhaibheri jibvunjisenyi kudari: ‘Izvi zvinondijijisenyi ngo pamusoro pa Jehovha Mwari? Ngenyi ndinodikana kumuda ngo mwoyo wangu wese no mwiha?’—1 Timoti 4:15.
14. Mukumbiro unotibeseresa kudini kuti tirambe tino rudo hwakavanga na Jehovha?
14 Pamunova no shamwari yakanaka, munobhuya nayo nguva jese, zve izvi zvinovangisa ushamwari hwe nyu. Mukufananavo, patinobhuya na Jehovha nguva jese mu mukumbiro, izvi zvinoitisa kuti rudo hwedu nae hurambe hwakavanga. (Verenganyi 1 VaTesalònika 5:17.) Mukumbiro icipo cinodakajisa maningi cinobva kuna Baba vedu vo kudenga. Tinodikana kugara tecibhuya navo ngo mwoyo wese. (Nduyo 62:9) Atidikani kuphinda mukumbiro wakaita ngo kugaravhahwi mumusoro, asi ngatinange zvatinoda kamare. Zvokadi, kudari tikagara tecijija Bhaibheri zve toita mukumbiro ngo mwoyo wese, rudo hwedu na Jehovha hunoramba hwakavanga.
KUBHUYA NO VAMWENI NGO PAMUSORO PA JEHVOHA
15, 16. Munovona kudini basa ro kucumaera?
15 Kudari tecida kuramba tiri phedo na Jehovha, tinodikanavo kubvunja vamweni ngo pamusoro po rutendo hwedu. Kubhuya no vamweni ngo pamusoro pa Jehovha rudakajiso hunoshamaisa. (Luka 1:74) Zve mutoro wakapuwa maKristu okadi-kadi ese ndi Jesu. Tese tinodikana kucumaera masoko akanaka o Umamabo. Matanga kuzviita kana kuti amuto?—Mateu 24:14; 28:19, 20.
16 Mupostori Pauro waivona kuti basa ro kucumaera raisisira maningi; iyena wakaridaninja kuti “upfumi.” (2 VaKorinto 4:7) Kubvunja vamweni ngo pamusoro pa Jehovha no zvidisiso zvake, ibasa rinosisira maningi ramungaita. Injira yamungashandira ndiyona Jehovha, zve iyena anoreremeja zvamunomuitira. (Vaheberi 6:10) Kucumaera kungabeseravo mese; imwimwi, pomwe no vanomupurutana, ngo kuti munoitisa kuti imwimwi no vamweni mukhwedere phedo na Jehovha zve muwane upenyu ucikaperi. (Verenganyi 1 VaKorinto 15:58.) Pano basa rimweni ringamudakajisa kupinda iri here?
17. Ngenyi basa ro kucumaera rinodikana kukasikihwa?
17 Basa ro kucumaera rinodikana kukasikihwa. Tinodikana ‘kutokotesa izwi,’ zve tinodikana ‘kuvangirira.’ (2 Timoti 4:2) Vandhu vanodikana kuzwa masoko o Umambo hwa Mwari. Bhaibheri rinoti: “Njiku huru ya Jehovha yaa phedo, yaa phedo, inovia ngo kukasika.” Mugumo ‘auzononoki.’ (Sofonia 1:14; Habakuki 2:3) Hina, sambi-sambi, Jehovha anozoparaja nyika yakashata ya Sathana. Izvi zvicito zvaitika, vandhu vanodikana kungwajwa kuti vakhete kushandira Jehovha.
18. Ngenyi tinodikana kunamata Jehovha pamwepo no maKristu okadi-kadi?
18 Jehovha anoda kuti timunamate pamwepo no maKristu okadi-kadi. Bhaibheri rinoti: “Ngatirindisane umwe no umweni, pa basa ro kudisana no kuita bziro bzakanaka. Ticaxwa kuenda ku musongano wedu, inga bzo vanoroveja kuita vamweni. Kaveta imwimwi vangisananyi mwoyo ngocenyu, meciziva kuti njiku yo kuvia kwa Tenji yaaphedo.” (Vaheberi 10:24, 25) Tinodikana kuita zvatinokwanisa kuti tive pa musongano jese. Musongano jinotipekeja mukana wo kuvangisana.
19. Zvicinyi zvinozomubesera kuti mude hama jenyu no hambzaji jo ciKristu?
19 Pamunoenda ku musongano, munozowana shamwari jakanaka jinozomubesera kunamata Jehovha. Munozosongana no hama no hambzaji jakasiana-siana vanoita zvavanokwanisa kuti vanamate Jehovha, inga ndimwi. Inga ndimwi, ivona avazivivo kukwana zve vanoshaishavo. Pavanomushaishira, varegererenyivo. (Verenganyi VaKolosi 3:13.) Psakanyi zvakanaka ku hama jenyu no hambzaji jo ciKristu, mukadaro zvinozomubesera kuti muvade zve mukhwedere phedo na Jehovha.
UPENYU HWOKADI KAMARE
20, 21. Upenyu “hwokadi-kadi” icinyi?
20 Jehovha anoda kuti shamwari jake jese jive no upenyu hwakanaka. Bhaibheri rinotijijisa kuti upenyu hwedu kumbejiyo hunozova hwakasiana kamare no upenyu watinawo nyamasi uno.
21 Kumbejiyo, tinozorarama mbhera narini, kuciripi kurarama 70 kana 80 o makore. Tinozobusa upenyu “hucikaperi” mu upenyu hwakakwana, runyararo, no mudakaro mu paradhiso yakaseja. Ndihwona hunodaninjwa ngo Bhaibheri kuti, upenyu “hwokadi-kadi.” Jehovha anogondesa kutipekeja upenyu hwokadi-kadi uhu, asi tinodikana kuita zvese zvatinokwanisa nyamasi uno kuti ‘tihuwane’.—1 Timoti 6:12, 19.
22. (a) Tingaitisa kudini kuti ‘tizowane upenyu hwokadi-kadi’? (b) Ngenyi ticikasisiri kuwana upenyu ucikaperi?
22 Tingaitisa kudini kuti ‘tizowane upenyu hwokadi-kadi’? Tinodikana kuti ‘tiite zvaushoni’ zve ‘tikhupuke.’ (1 Timoti 6:18) Izvi zvinoreva kuti tinodikana kushandisa zvatinojija mu Bhaibheri. Asi, kuwana kwedu upenyu hwokadi, asipi kuti takangwara maningi. Atisisiri kuwana upenyu hucikaperi. Ici icipo ca Jehovha ku vashandiri vake vakagondeka, zvinovonesa kuti “unyaxa” ucikatifanei. (VaRoma 5:15) Baba vedu vo kudenga vanoda kamare kupekeja cipo ici ku vashandiri vavo vakagondeka.
23. Ngenyi munodikana kukheta ushoni wari uno?
23 Jibvunjisenyi kudari, ‘Ndiri kunamata Mwari munjira yaanodavira here?’ Kudari mukavona kuti munodikana kuita cinjo iri yese, zviitenyi ngo kukasika. Patinothemba Jehovha zve toita ciri cese catinokwanisa kuti timuzwire, Jehovha anozova citiziro cedu. Iyena anozongwarira vandhu vake vakagondeka pa njiku jo kupejisira yo nyika yakashata ya Sathana. Perapo Jehovha anozotiita kuti tirarame mu paradhiso mbhera na rini inga cidisiso cake. Hina, mungava no upenyu hwokadi kamare kudari mukakheta ushoni wari uno!

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Nhau 32: Madambudziko 10
Tarira mifananidzo. Mumwe nomumwe unoratidza dambudziko rakaunza Jehovha paEgipita. Munowokutanga ungaona Aroni achirova Rwizi rweNire netsvimbo yake. Paakarova, mvura yomurwizi yakava ropa. Hove dzakafa, rwizi ndokuvamba kunuhwa.
Tevere, Jehovha akabudisa matatya muRwizi rweNire. Aiva pose pose--muhovhoni, midziyo yokubikira, pahuvato hwavanhu--pose pose. Apo matatya akafa vaEgipita vakaaunganidza mumirwi mikuru, nyika ikanuhwa nao.
Ipapo Aroni akarova ivhu netsvimbo yake, huruva ikava umhutu. Ihwo tupukanana tunobhururuka tunoruma. Umhutu hwaiva dambudziko rechitatu panyika yeEgipita.
Mamwe amadambudziko akakuvadza vaEgipita, kwete vaIsraeri. Rechina raiva dambudziko renhunzi huru dzakapinda mumba dzavaEgipita dzose. Dambudziko rechishanu raiva pamhuka. Zhinji dzen’ombe namakwai nembudzi zvavaEgipita zvakafa.
Tevere, Mosesi naAroni vakatora marota ndokuakushira mumhepo. Vakaparira mamota pavanhu nemhuka. Iri raiva dambudziko rechitanhatu.
Pashure pakwo Mosesi akasimudza ruoko rwake kudenga, Jehovha ndokutuma kutinhira nechimvuramabwe. Raiva dutu guru rechimvuramabwe rakaipisisa risina kumbova neEgipita.
Dambudziko rorusere raiva mhashu zhinji. Kwakanga kusina kumbova nemhashu zhinji kwazvo chifocho. Dzakadya chinhu chiri chose chisina kuparadzwa nechimvuramabwe.
Dambudziko repfumbamwe raiva rima. Rima gobvu rakafukidza nyikayo kwamazuva matatu, asi vaIsraeri vaiva nechiedza kwavaigara.
Pakupedzisira, Mwari akaudza vanhu vake kusasa ropa rembudzana kana gwayana pamagwatidziro avo. Ipapo ngirozi yaMwari yakapfuura Egipita. Apo ngirozi yakaona ropa, haina kuuraya aninaani mumbayo. Asi mumba dzose maiva musina ropa pamagwatidziro, ngirozi yaMwari yakauraya matangwe ezvose zviiri munhu nemhuka. Iri raiva dambudziko rechi10.
Pashure peiri dambudziko rokupedzisira, Farao akaudza vaIsraeri kuti vabude. Vanhu vaMwari vose vakagadzirira kuenda, uye usikuhwo vakatanga kubuda kwavo muEgipita.
Eksodho ganhuro 7-12.
Mibvunzo
- Uchishandisa mifananidzo iri kuratidzwa pano, rondedzera matambudziko matatu okutanga ayo Jehovha akaunza paEgipita.
- Musiyano upi waiva pakati pematambudziko matatu okutanga nemamwe matambudziko ose?
- Nderipi raiva dambudziko rechina, rechishanu, uye rechitanhatu?
- Rondedzera dambudziko rechinomwe, rechisere uye rechipfumbamwe.
- Jehovha akaudza vaIsraeri kuti vaitei dambudziko rechigumi risati raitika?
- Nderipi rakanga riri dambudziko rechigumi, uye chii chakazoitika rapfuura?
Mibvunzo yokuwedzera
- Verenga Eksodho 7:19-8:23.
Kunyange zvazvo vaprista veEgipita vaiita zvemashiripiti vakakwanisa kutevedzera matambudziko maviri okutanga aJehovha, chii chavakamanikidzwa kubvuma pashure pedambudziko rechitatu? (Eks. 8:18, 19; Mat. 12:24-28)
Dambudziko rechina rakaratidza sei kukwanisa kwaJehovha kudzivirira vanhu vake, uye kuziva izvi kunoita kuti vanhu vaMwari vanzwe sei sezvavanotarisana no“kutambudzika kukuru” kwakafanotaurwa? (Eks. 8:22, 23; Zvak. 7:13, 14; 2 Mak. 16:9)
- Verenga Eksodho 8:24; 9:3, 6, 10, 11, 14, 16, 23-25; uye 10:13-15, 21-23.
Mapoka api maviri akafumurwa neMatambudziko Gumi uye izvi zvinoita kuti tione sei mapoka maviri iwayo nhasi? (Eks. 8:10, 18, 19; 9:14)
Eksodho 9:16 inotibatsira sei kunzwisisa kuti nei Jehovha akabvumira Satani kuramba aripo kusvika zvino? (VaR. 9:21, 22)
- Verenga Eksodho 12:21-32.
Paseka yakaita kuti vanhu vazhinji vaponeswe sei, uye Paseka yairatidza chii? (Eks. 12:21-23; Joh. 1:29; VaR. 5:18, 19, 21; 1 VaK. 5:7)


text:
SVONDO rino tine nyaya inoratidza kuti kana vanhu vakashaya ruzivo rwakazara pamusoro pechinhu, vanokwanisa kuisa utano hwavo panjodzi.
Nyaya iyi ndeye varimi vekuGokwe avo vanonzi vari kukwesha “nhova” dzemombe dzavo nemasaga akanyikwa mumunyu vachishandisa mawoko senzira yekurwisa chirwere chemahwanda (foot and mouth) izvo zvine njodzi huru sezvo vanhu ava vachikwanisa kutapurirwa chirwere ichi.
Varimi ava havana ruzivo rwekuti apo pavanenge vachikwesha mombe idzi mukanwa, dzinobuda ropa nemarute zvinenge zviine utachiona hwechirwere ichi zvichizoita kuti vagone kuchibatira.
Chirwere chemahwanda chinonzi chatekeshera zvikuru kuGokwe izvo zvakaita kuti vebazi rinoona nezvekudzivirirwa kwezvirwere kuzvipfuwo, veDepartment of Veterinary Services, vaende kudunhu iri kunopa varimi dzidziso pamusoro pezvirwere zvemhuka.
Apa ndipo pakabuda kuti varimi vari kushandisa nzira dzisiridzo kudzivirira nekurapa chirwere chemahwanda – kwete nekuda asi nekusaziva.
Kunze kwekukwesha mukanwa memombe idzi nemunyu, varimi ava vari kushandisa dzimwe nzira semishonga yechivanhu nekuda kuti zvipfuyo zvave zvirarame.
Varimi ava vanoti havanai mari yekutenga mishonga yekurwisa chirwere ichi. Pamusoro pezvo, vanoti zvakare havakwanise kuwana $2 iyo inodiwa kuti vabhadhare kuti mombe dzavo dzidhibhiswe.
Nekudaro, zviri pachena kuti varimi ava vanopedzisira voshandisa nzira dzine njodzi kuutano hwavo idzi mushure mekunge vapererwa.
Kune vamwe vanhu zvakare vanodya nyama yemombe nezvimwe zvipfuyo zvinenge zvafa zvoga nezvirwere zvakaita sechemahwanda kana chetungundu izvo zvinoisa utano hwavo panjodzi huru.
Chinonetsa ndechekuti kune vamwe vanogona kuziva kuti mombe yavo yafa nechirwere asi vodya nyama yacho kana kutoitengesera vamwe anove maitiro asina kunaka zvikuru.
Nguva pfupi yadarika, pane vanhu vaviri vakafa kuBinga mushure mekunge vadya nyama yemvuu dzakange dzafa dzoga nechirwere chetungundu. Zvinorwadza kuona vanhu vachirasikirwa neupenyu nenzira dzinokwanisa kudzivirirwa. Bazi reDepartment of Veterinary Services rine basa guru rekupa dzidziso kune veruzhinji pamusoro penjodzi yekudya nyama yemhuka dzinenge dzafa dzoga. Zvakakosha kuti bazi iri ritore matanho akasimba ekuti zvipfuyo zvidzivirirwe kubva kuzvirwere zvakaita sechemahwanda. Tinodaro nekuti pari zvino Hurumende ine chirongwa chekusimbisa danga renyika kuburikidza neCommand Livestock.
Izvi zvinotevera budiriro huru yeCommand Agriculture, iyo yaona nyika ino ichitarisira kuwana goho guru zvichitevera kubatsirwa kwakaitwa varimi nezvekushandisa zvakaita sefetereza nembeu neHurumende.
Saka kufa kuri kuita dzimwe mombe kumatunhu akaita seGokwe nekuda kwezvirwere zvemahwanda izvo zvinokwanisa kudzivirirwa kunodzosera kumashure chirongwa chekuvandudza danga renyika.
Zvakakosha kuti bazi reDepartment of Veterinary Services rishande nevarimi zvizere mukudzivirira zvirwere zvezvipfuyo, panguva imwe cheteyo vachivapa chenjedzo neruzivo. Chionai zvino vamwe varimi vave kuisa utano neupenyu hwavo panjodzi nekuda kwekusaziva kuti kushandisa munyu nemasaga hazviitwe. Ndokusaka zvichinzi kusaziva kufa!


text:
Malven Mugadzikwa —
SHASHA yemusambo weHip Hop neRnB, Calvin ‘DJ Kevie’ Makanyaire, anoti haazi kuzodzokera kumashure zvichitevera kufarirwa kuri kuitwa maRiddim aanobika nemazera akasiyana evanhu.
DJ Kevie – uyo anoshandira ari kuSouth Africa, achangobva mukubura Riddim idzva rinonzi Best 5 Riddim.
“Riddim idzva iri ndinovimba kuti richawana vaimbi vakawanda nekuti ndakawedzera mutakunanzva kubva pane andakagadzira kumashure uko.
“Ndiri kubatana nevaimbi vakawanda, kunyanya vari muZimbabwe kuti varishandise riwane mbiri,” anodaro.
Anoenderera mberi achiti, “Basa rekugadzira maRiddim iri ndakaritanga muna 2010 kuSouth Africa apo ndakavhura studio yangu ndikatanga kushanda nevaimbi vemuZimbabwe. Vaimbi nevateereri vechidiki ndivo vanonyanya kunakirwa nemaRiddim andinobika.”
Muchinda uyu anoti Riddim rake idzva iri akarigadzira nenzira yekuti rifadze vateereri pasi rose.
“Ndinovimba kuti richandisandura basa rangu, kukwirawo kuenda pachidanho chepamusoro.
“Ndinodaro nekuti rine dingindira rerudo uye chishuviro changu kuti richashandiswa nevaimbi vazhinji panziyo dzerudo nekuti ndidzo dzinofarirwa nevaimbi nevateereri vechidiki. Vaimbi vandakamboshanda navo vanosanganisira Chartsman naMafcat,” anodaro.
Anoti anofara zvikuru nekusimukira kuti kuita vaimbi vemunyika ino.
“Vaimbi vemuZimbabwe vava kunzikwa kunyika dzakasiyana-siyana nekuda kwekuvandudzwa kuri kuitwa maridzirwo nemaimbiro avanoita,” anodaro Dj Kevie.


text:
Laser Cutter nokuti Knitting Vamp, Mesh Fabric Sports Shoe Upper
Features
Collocation
Tech Specs
Models
Material & Application
mhinduro
chikumbiro
Smart Vision Laser Cutter
Model No .: QMZDJG-160100LD
Machine Features
» Zvikuru aiming kutsanya uye zvinonyatsochengeta Positioning uye otomatiki nokuveza nokuda pajira riya akamendwa knitting vamp uye zvokudhinda jira shangu zvinopeputsa pfungwa. Kushandisa dzakakwirira nemazvo Smart Vision Laser Kucheka System kuzadzisa mufananidzo kubatwa uye otomatiki enzanirana. Mushure manually PC ongorora zvino tuma muitiro murayiro.
» Kugara Server networking zvigadzirwa, kuziva" 1 + N "kudzora womuenzaniso. Uye akaparadzanisa konzera nzvimbo uye Laser kugadzira nzvimbo.
» The kutsaudzira kwakaita panguva kubudiswa anogona ichakurumidza kururamiswa ari kure risa software. Nokuti zvinogadzirwa kuti vanoda Chinyorwa Positioning nokuveza, ino anoziva kutsanya uye chaiwo kugadzira.
» Izvi Laser nokuveza kwava kumira-oga kushandisa michina kana vakapakata otomatiki zvokudya uye kunonga nehurongwa. Kuti pamwe "murume-muchina interconnect" ezvinhu, imwe Laser fekitari unmanned zvichabviswa kubudirira.
Laser Kucheka Fly Knitting Vamp Shoe Upper
CO2 Laser Cutter Zvingakudetsera Configuration
QMZDJG160100LD Laser Cutter Technical Parameters
→ Smart Vision CO2 Laser Cutter pamwe Camera ZDMJG-160100LD
→ Mars Laser Kucheka Machine pamwe Conveyor Working Table MJG-160100LD
Smart Vision Laser Cutter Application Industries
> Fly knitting vamp, pajira riya akamendwa kudhinda jira yemitambo shangu zvinopeputsa pfungwa
> Swimwear, mbatya, Polo hembe, T Shirt,
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> Clothing nezvakarukwa chitaridzi, applique
> Advertising mireza, mireza
Laser Kucheka Knitting Vamp Sports Shoe Upper Zvandakashanda
Murume-muchina interconnection - Smart Vision Laser Cutting System
√ High kunyatsoshanda
√ User-ushamwari
√ High Utilisation nezvinhu uye midziyo
• Hapana Rinodiwa templates nokuda kuziva mapatani gandiwa. Imwe nguva kuziva mapatani zvose. Full nemanyorerwo kwaita gandiwa okurwadzisa. Otomatiki dzichifura. Complete gungano mutsetse kwadzinoita kugadzirwa.
• Automatic nokuveza nyore akaremara zvinhu muenzaniso
• Human-kombiyuta interconnect
• Automatic anoita templates
• Nomazvo kunangiswa
• Real-nguva kombiyuta kuongorora
• Nokukurumidza yakanaka-chuna nokuveza nzvimbo
• No zvikanganiso. Zero kurambwa zvazvingava
• Mumwe munhu, kombiyuta imwe, inoshanda vakawanda Laser michina. High Utilisation zvebasa.
• Vision Hurongwa anogona kuziva hwenguva youduku muenzaniso mumwe-nguva.
• Apo Laser muchina anavaveuri muenzaniso, vamwe mapatani vari wakaisvonaka kugadziridzwa pamwe manually pamusoro PC. High muchina Utilisation unodiwa.
Knitting Vamp Laser Cutting Process


text:
Chikamu chino chakagadzirirwa kushandiswa sokunoratidza, pane kuti kuverenga somunhu rondedzero.
Mibvunzo pamusoro Matambudziko munzanga tsvakurudzo kakawanda kunzwisisa uye zvakaoma kunzwisisa. Kuti hwaro nzira Matambudziko yakavakirwa causal calculators, ona Pearl (2009) , uye kuti hwaro nzira kunobva zvinogona zvaitika, ona Imbens and Rubin (2015) (uye michina okuwedzera muchitsauko chino). Nokuti Kuenzanisa pakati izvi nzira mbiri, ona Morgan and Winship (2014) . Nokuti chakarongwa nzira pakutsanangura ane confounder, ona VanderWeele and Shpitser (2013) .
Muchitsauko, Ini akasika chii zvaiita sokupenya mutsetse pakati kukwanisa kwedu kuita causal nokufungidzira kubva experimental uye asiri kuedza Data. Kutaura zvazviri, ndinofunga kuti kusiyana kuri blurrier. Somuenzaniso, munhu wose anogamuchira kuti kusvuta kunokonzera kenza kunyange hatina kumbobvira vaita randomized kudzorwa kuedza kuti richashandiswa vanhu kusvuta. Nokuti zvakaisvonaka bhuku kureba mishonga kuita causal inofungidzirwa nevasiri experimental Data ona Rosenbaum (2002) , Rosenbaum (2009) , Shadish, Cook, and Campbell (2001) , uye Dunning (2012) .
Zvitsauko 1 ne2 pamusoro Freedman, Pisani, and Purves (2007) kupa sumo zvakajeka kupinda kusiyana pakati kuedza, dzinodzorwa kuedza, uye randomized anodzorwa kuedza.
Manzi (2012) inopa chinonakidza uye verengeka sumo kupinda kwouzivi uye uwandu kusimba kwakaita randomized rinodzorwa kuedza. Inopawo zvinofadza mienzaniso chaiyo-nyika simba kwacho mubhizimisi.
Casella (2008) , Box, Hunter, and Hunter (2005) , Athey and Imbens (2016b) kupa sumo yakanaka uwandu chokuita experimental magadzirirwo uye kuongorora. Uyezve, pane kwazvo kurapwa tishandise kuedza muminda siyana dzakawanda: nemari (Bardsley et al. 2009) , Wemagariro evanhu (Willer and Walker 2007; Jackson and Cox 2013) , zvepfungwa (Aronson et al. 1989) , Sainzi political (Morton and Williams 2010) , uye magariro mutemo (Glennerster and Takavarasha 2013) .
Kukosha mukwikwidzi muchiuto (semuenzaniso, zvakabudiswa) kazhinji pasi-chaizvo munguva experimental tsvakurudzo. Zvisinei, kana kubata mushonga heterogeneous vari vemo, ipapo zvakabudiswa vachishoropodza. Longford (1999) anoita pfungwa iyi zvakajeka kana Magweta vaongorori kufunga kuedza sechinhu yevagari ongororo pamwe zvakavhiringika zvakabudiswa.
Musiyano kuti Ndakasvitsa pakati yezvirwere uye munda kuedza zviri zvishoma nyore. Kutaura zvazviri, dzimwe vanotsvakurudza aronga uwane typologies, zvikurukuru ndivo kuti kuparadzanisa siyana munda kuedza (Harrison and List 2004; Charness, Gneezy, and Kuhn 2013) . Uyezve, pane dzimwe mhando mbiri kuedza anoitwa evanhu masayendisiti kuti hadzikwani neatly kupinda yezvirwere uye munda musiyano. Ongororo kuedza uye magariro kuedza Survey kuedza vari kuedza kushandisa kwezvivako pamusoro yaivapo kuongorora uye enzanisa mhinduro kumwe mushanduro chete mibvunzo (vamwe ongororo kuedza dzinoturwa muChitsauko 3); nokuti zvakawanda pamusoro ongororo kuedza kuona Mutz (2011) . Social kuedza vari kuedza apo mishonga iri vamwe evanhu nomutemo kuti chete anogona chinozoiswa nehurumende. Social kuedza chokuita chirongwa wakatarwa. Kuti uwane pamusoro mutemo kuedza, ona Orr (1998) , Glennerster and Takavarasha (2013) , uye Heckman and Smith (1995) .
Vanoverengeka mapepa kunge akaenzanisa yezvirwere uye munda kuedza chaihwoihwo (Falk and Heckman 2009; Cialdini 2009) uye tichitarisa zvaitika nezvevamwe kuedza musayenzi enyika (Coppock and Green 2015) , nemari (Levitt and List 2007a; Levitt and List 2007b; Camerer 2011; Al-Ubaydli and List 2013) uye zvepfungwa (Mitchell 2012) . Jerit, Barabas, and Clifford (2013) inopa akanaka tsvakurudzo magadzirirwo kuenzanisa zvawanikwa kubva yezvirwere uye munda kuedza.
Nezvemhosva vechikamu kuchinja maitiro avo nokuti vanoziva zvavari pavaizoramba kuchengetwa dzimwe nguva inonzi vade nemigumisiro, uye ivo vave anodzidzwa zvepfungwa (Orne 1962) uye zvoupfumi (Zizzo 2009) . Kunyange zvazvo kazhinji chokuita yezvirwere kuedza, izvi zvakafanana nyaya zvinogona kukonzera zvinetso munda kuedza uyewo. Kutaura zvazviri, kudiwa zvinokonzerwa vari dzimwe nguva inonzi Hawthorne Migumisiro, izwi anowana kubva munda kuedza, zvakananga yakakurumbira jekeso kuedza kuti yakatanga muna 1924 panguva Hawthorne Mabasa Western Electric Company (Adair 1984; Levitt and List 2011) . Vose vade migumisiro Hawthorn zvinokonzerwa chokuita pfungwa yokuti reactive chipimo muChitsauko 2 (ona zvakare Webb et al. (1966) ).
Nhoroondo munda kuedza kwave vanorondedzerwa nemari (Levitt and List 2009) , political sainzi (Green and Gerber 2003; Druckman et al. 2006; Druckman and Lupia 2012) , zvepfungwa (Shadish 2002) , uye voruzhinji mutemo (Shadish and Cook 2009) . Imwe nzvimbo mumagariro sayenzi apo munda kuedza kusamuda akakurumbira ndiye kukura dzakawanda. Nokuti zvakanaka muchidimbu basa kuti mukati dzezvoupfumi ona Banerjee and Duflo (2009) , uye kuti akaoma kupima ona Deaton (2010) . Nokuti Kudzokorora basa iri zvesayenzi enyika ona Humphreys and Weinstein (2009) . Pakupedzisira, matambudziko yetsika nechokuita munda kuedza dzave bata mune zvematongerwo enyika sayenzi (Humphreys 2015; Desposato 2016b) uye kukura nemari (Baele 2013) .
Muchitsauko, Ndakamukurudzira kuti pre-kurapwa mashoko inogona kushandiswa kuwedzera zvakarurama pamusoro nokukosha kurapwa zvinokonzerwa, asi paine makakatanwa pamusoro nzira iyi: Freedman (2008) , Lin (2013) , uye Berk et al. (2013) ; ona Bloniarz et al. (2016) kuti uwane mamwe mashoko.
Ndava asarudza kuisa pfungwa pfungwa nhatu: ukoshi, heterogeneity kurapwa nemigumisiro, uye zvenhengo. Ava pfungwa vane mazita akasiyana muminda siyana. Somuenzaniso, vanachiremba vanowanzotevedzera kufamba mberi nyore kuedza nokutarisa pane nevamiririri uye Moderators (Baron and Kenny 1986) . Pfungwa nevamiririri akabatwa zvandinoshevedzera zvenhengo uye pfungwa Moderators akabatwa zvandinoshevedzera zvokunze ukoshi (semuenzaniso, ungadai migumisiro kuedza kuva akasiyana kana zvakanzi kumhanya mumamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana) uye heterogeneity kurapwa nemigumisiro ( semuenzaniso, migumisiro yakakura nokuti vamwe vanhu kupfuura vamwe vanhu).
Kuedza pamusoro Schultz et al. (2007) inoratidza sei dzidziso munzanga zvinogona kushandiswa kugadzira vanobudirira kupindira. Kuti mamwemazwi nharo nezvebasa dzidziso mazano zvinobudirira kupindira, ona Walton (2014) .
Pfungwa yomunyika uye zvokunze ukoshi vakatanga kuudzwa nezvechokwadi muna Campbell (1957) . Ona Shadish, Cook, and Campbell (2001) kuti nhoroondo uwane nokunyatsoongorora elaboration uwandu mhedziso ukoshi, womukati ukoshi, kuvaka ukoshi, uye zvokunze ukoshi.
Nokuti muchidimbu nyaya chokuita uwandu mhedziso ukoshi ari kuedza kuona Gerber and Green (2012) (nokuti pasocial sayenzi maonero) uye Imbens and Rubin (2015) (nokuti nhamba maonero). Vamwe nyaya uwandu mhedziso ukoshi kuti inomuka zvakananga pakombuyuta munda kuedza kubatanidza nyaya dzakadai computationally vakarongeka nzira kusika chivimbo zvikamu pamwe nemataundi Data (Bakshy and Eckles 2013) .
Internal ukoshi inogona zvakaoma nechokwadi mune kunzwisisa mumunda kuedza. Ona somuenzaniso, Gerber and Green (2000) , Imai (2005) , uye Gerber and Green (2005) yegakava pamusoro implementation ane kunzwisisa munda yetsvakurudzo pamusoro kuvhota. Kohavi et al. (2012) uye Kohavi et al. (2013) kugovera sumo kupinda matambudziko penguva ukoshi pakombuyuta mumunda kuedza.
Chimwe chikuru hanya nezvinhu womukati ukoshi ndiko nezvinetso randomization. Imwe nzira nezvemakuhwa angangokuvadza kuona nezvinetso randomization ndiko kuenzanisa kurapa uye masimba nemapoka ari kuoneka unhu. Mhando iyi kuenzanisa inonzi pachiyero cheki. Ona Hansen and Bowers (2008) kuti nhamba nzira yokufudza macheki, uye ona Mutz and Pemantle (2015) kuti kunetseka pamusoro nepakati macheki. Somuenzaniso, achishandisa chiyereso tarisa Allcott (2011) vakawana kuti pane vamwe uchapupu hwokuti randomization haana chinozoiswa zvakarurama muna vatatu kuedza mune dzimwe OPower kuedza (ona Table 2; nzvimbo 2, 6, uye 8). Nokuti dzimwe nzira, ona Imbens and Rubin (2015) , Chitsauko 21.
Other zvinokunetsa zvikuru chokuita womukati ukoshi ndiwo: 1) Mumwe madziro isiri nokuteerera, apo havasi vose vari muboka kurapwa chaizvoizvo vakagamuchira kurapwa, 2) vaviri vakatsigira isiri nokuteerera, apo havasi vose vari muboka pakurapa anogamuchira kurapwa uye vamwe vanhu vari kudzora boka kugamuchira kurapwa, 3) attrition, apo zvaitika hadzina kuyerwa vamwe vechikamu, uye 4) kupindira, apo mishonga inorasikira pamusoro pavanhu vari kurapwa ezvinhu vanhu vari kudzora mumamiriro. Ona Gerber and Green (2012) Zvitsauko 5, 6, 7, uye 8 mamwe pamusoro mumwe nomumwe nyaya idzi.
Kuti uwane pamusoro kuvaka ukoshi, ona Westen and Rosenthal (2003) , uye mamwe ari kuvaka ukoshi mune guru mashoko zvinyorwa, Lazer (2015) uye muChitsauko 2 chebhuku rino.
Chimwe kwokunze ukoshi ndiwo marongero umo kupindira kunoedzwa. Allcott (2015) inopa nokungwarira yokungotaura uye empirical kurapwa nzvimbo kusarudzwa kusasarura. Nyaya iyi inokurukurwawo Deaton (2010) . Mukuwedzera kuitwa replicated mune nzvimbo zhinji, Home Energy Report kupindira yavewo vakazvimiririra kudzidza kuburikidza vakawanda mapoka tsvakurudzo (semuenzaniso, Ayres, Raseman, and Shih (2013) ).
Nokuti chakanakisisa muchidimbu heterogeneity kurapwa migumisiro mumunda kuedza, ona Chitsauko 12 Gerber and Green (2012) . Nokuti okutanga heterogeneity kurapwa migumisiro mumiedzo zvokurapa, ona Kent and Hayward (2007) , Longford (1999) , uye Kravitz, Duan, and Braslow (2004) . Heterogeneity kurapwa zvinokonzerwa kazhinji kufunga kusiyana yakavakirwa pre-kurapwa unhu. Kana uchifarira heterogeneity yakavakirwa post-kurapwa zvaitika, ipapo approachs zvikuru kunzwisisa anodiwa zvakadai chikuru stratification (Frangakis and Rubin 2002) ; ona Page et al. (2015) kuti kudzokorora.
Vatsvakurudzi vazhinji vanofungidzira heterogeneity kurapa zvinokonzerwa vachishandisa Linear regression, asi nzira vatsva kuvimba muchina kudzidza, somuenzaniso Green and Kern (2012) , Imai and Ratkovic (2013) , Taddy et al. (2016) , uye Athey and Imbens (2016a) .
Pane vamwe kasingaperi pamusoro zvakawanwa heterogeneity pamusoro zvinokonzerwa nokuti vakawanda kuenzanisa matambudziko uye "hove." Kune siyana uwandu nzira dzinogona kubatsira nezvokunetseka kero pamusoro vakawanda kuenzanisa (Fink, McConnell, and Vollmer 2014; List, Shaikh, and Xu 2016) . Imwe nzira nezvemhosva "hove" ndizvo pre-kunyoresa, riri kuramba zvakajairika zvepfungwa (Nosek and Lakens 2014) , political sainzi (Humphreys, Sierra, and Windt 2013; Monogan 2013; Anderson 2013; Gelman 2013; Laitin 2013) , uye nemari (Olken 2015) .
Mukudzidza Costa and Kahn (2013) chete inenge hafu mhuri vari kuedza vakakwanisa kuva chokuita kuti wevanotungamirira mashoko. Vaverengi kuziva mashoko uye matambudziko zvinogoneka ongororo iyi kunofanira kureva chepakutanga mapepa.
Zvenhengo vari chinopa kukosha, asi ivo vakatendeuka kuti zvakaoma chaizvo kudzidza. Research pamusoro zvenhengo raikonzerwa adzidze nevamiririri vari wepfungwa (asi onawo VanderWeele (2009) kuti chaiwo kuenzanisa pakati pfungwa mbiri). Statistical Nzira yokuwana zvenhengo dzakadai nzira yakagadzirwa muna Baron and Kenny (1986) , zvikuru zvakajairika. Zvinosuwisa, zvinoitika kuti maitirwo avo vanovimba dzimwe zvekungofungira simba (Bullock, Green, and Ha 2010) uye kutambura kana paine akawanda zvenhengo somunhu anogona kutarisira mumamiriro ezvinhu akawanda (Imai and Yamamoto 2013; VanderWeele and Vansteelandt 2014) . Imai et al. (2011) uye Imai and Yamamoto (2013) kupa vamwe nani uwandu nzira. Uyezve, VanderWeele (2015) inopa bhuku-urefu kurapa ane nhamba inokosha zvabuda, kusanganisira misoro ainoita utetsa kuongorora.
A vakaparadzana kusvika chinotarisa kuedza kuti vanoedza kukorovhera mashandiro zvakananga (semuenzaniso, achipa vezvikepe vhitamini C). Zvinosuruvarisa dzakawanda mezviruva evanhu sayenzi pane kazhinji akawanda zvenhengo uye zvakaoma kugadzira mishonga kuti kuchinja pasina kuchinja vamwe. Vamwe Nzira kuti experimentally rinochinja zvenhengo zvinotsanangurwa Imai, Tingley, and Yamamoto (2013) , Ludwig, Kling, and Mullainathan (2011) , uye Pirlott and MacKinnon (2016) .
Pakupedzisira, zvenhengo vanewo refu munhoroondo uzivi sayenzi sezvo rakarondedzerwa Hedström and Ylikoski (2010) .
Kuti uwane pakushandisa tsamba zvidzidzo uye odhita zvidzidzo kuyera rusaruro ona Pager (2007) .
The inonyanya nzira rokutsvaka vatori vechikamu kuti kuedza kuti iwe kuvaka ndiye Amazon Mechanical Zimbabwe Turk (MTurk). Nekuti MTurk mimics zvinhu tsika yezvirwere kuedza anobhadhara vanhu kupedza mabasa kuti varege kuita kuti vaongorori vakasununguka-zhinji Wakatotanga tichishandisa Turkers (vashandi MTurk) sevatori vechikamu mumamiriro dzevanhu zvidzidzo kuedza zvichizoita nokukurumidza uye isingadhuri date muunganidzwa pane chinyakare pamusoro-kembasi rabhoritari kuedza (Paolacci, Chandler, and Ipeirotis 2010; Horton, Rand, and Zeckhauser 2011; Mason and Suri 2012; Rand 2012; Berinsky, Huber, and Lenz 2012) .
The zvikuru simba kuedza vane vechikamu basa kubva MTurk ndivo logistical: vanobvumira vatsvakurudzi rokutsvaka vechikamu nokukurumidza uye sezvinodiwa. Nepo yezvirwere kuedza vanogona kutora mavhiki kumhanya uye munda kuedza zvinogona kutora mwedzi kumisa-up, kuedza vane vechikamu basa kubva MTurk inogona kumhanya mumazuva. Somuenzaniso, Berinsky, Huber, and Lenz (2012) vakakwanisa rokutsvaka zvidzidzo 400 nezuva rimwe chete kuti chikamu 8 miniti kuedza. Uyezve, vatori izvi zvinogona basa nokuti chinenge chero chinangwa (kusanganisira kuongorora uye vakawanda kutsigirana, sezvinotaurwa munyaya Zvitsauko 3 5). zororo iri muchiuto zvinoreva kuti vaongorori vanogona kumhanya mibairo pamusoro anoenderana kuedza akatevedzana.
Asati vanopinza vanhu vanobva MTurk nokuda kwako kuedza, pane zvinhu zvina zvinokosha kuziva. Chokutanga, vaongorori vakawanda asiri dzakananga kasingaperi pamusoro kuedza chokuita Turkers. Nekuti kusava nechokwadi ichi hachisi chaizvo, zvakaoma kuti vadzivirire hwokuti. Zvisinei, pashure pemakore anoverengeka yezvidzidzo tichishandisa Turkers, tinogona ikozvino kugumisa kuti kusava nechokwadi ichi hachisi kunyanya zvakakodzera. Pane zvave zvidzidzo zvakawanda achienzanisa Demographics pamusoro Turkers vamwe vakawanda uye zvidzidzo zvakawanda kuenzanisa migumisiro kuedza pamwe Turkers migumisiro nedzimwe nhamba. Akapiwa basa rose iri, ndinofunga kuti nzira yakanakisisa yokuti nezvazvo ndechokuti Turkers vari musoro kurerukirwa yokuenzanisira, kufanana vadzidzi asi zvishoma zvikuru siyana (Berinsky, Huber, and Lenz 2012) . Saka, sezvo vadzidzi ndiwo musoro vakawanda vamwe asi kwete vose experimental tsvakurudzo, Turkers ndivo musoro vakawanda vamwe asi kwete tsvakurudzo zvose. Kana uchizopa kushanda Turkers, ipapo zvine musoro kuverenga zvakawanda zvidzidzo izvi okufananidza uye kunzwisisa nuances dzavo.
Chechipiri, vaongorori vakatanga yakanakisisa-tsika kuti kuwedzera womukati anomutora Zimbabwe Turk kuedza, uye iwe unofanira kudzidza nezvake uye kutevera zvinhu zvakanakisisa-tsika (Horton, Rand, and Zeckhauser 2011; Mason and Suri 2012) . Somuenzaniso, vaongorori vachishandisa Turkers vanokurudzirwa kushandisa screeners kubvisa inattentive vechikamu (Berinsky, Margolis, and Sances 2014; Berinsky, Margolis, and Sances 2016) (asi onawo DJ Hauser and Schwarz (2015b) uye DJ Hauser and Schwarz (2015a) ). Kana musingadi kubvisa inattentive vechikamu ipapo zvainoita ari kurapwa zvinogona kusukwa kunze ruzha akasuma kubva inattentive vechikamu, uye muitiro nhamba inattentive vatori vechikamu vanogona kuva nouchapupu. In kuedza pamusoro Huber uye nevamwe (2012) 30% yevanhu vechikamu vakakundikana chikuru nzeve screeners. Chimwe chinetso chokufananidza Turkers ndiye non-mano vechikamu (Chandler et al. 2015) .
Chechitatu, hama kune mamwe marudzi digitaalinen kuedza, MTurk kuedza haagoni kukwira; Stewart et al. (2015) inofungidzira kuti pane chero nguva pane chete vanenge 7,000 vanhu pamusoro MTurk.
Pakupedzisira, unofanira kuziva kuti MTurk ari munharaunda pachedu mitemo yaro uye dzemunharaunda (Mason and Suri 2012) . Saizvozvowo kuti kuedza kuziva nezvenguva tsika imwe nyika kwamusina kuenda kumhanya kuedza ako, unofanira kuedza kuwana zvakawanda pamusoro tsika uye dzemunharaunda pamusoro Turkers (Salehi et al. 2015) . Uye, unofanira kuziva kuti Turkers vachange kutaura kuedza kwako kana muchiita chinhu kukodzera kana unethical (Gray et al. 2016) .
MTurk inzira chinopa nzira yakatinakira rokutsvaka vechikamu kuedza kwako, kana vari yezvirwere-akafanana, zvakadai Huber, Hill, and Lenz (2012) , kana kupfuura munda-zvakadai, akadai Mason and Watts (2009) , Goldstein, McAfee, and Suri (2013) , Goldstein et al. (2014) , Horton and Zeckhauser (2016) , uye Mao et al. (2016) .
Kana uri kufunga kuedza kusika rako chigadzirwa, I vanoti kuti ukaverenga zano inopiwa MovieLens boka iri Harper and Konstan (2015) . Chinhu chinokosha kunzwisisa kubva ruzivo rwavo kuti chimwe nechimwe akabudirira pabasa kune vazhinji, kakawanda. Somuenzaniso, MovieLens boka yakatanga nezvimwewo zvakadai GopherAnswers vaiva kukundikana rakakwana (Harper and Konstan 2015) . Mumwe muenzaniso mutsvakurudzi kukundikana apo vachiedza kuvaka chigadzirwa ndiye Edward Castronova kuti kuedza kuti avake mutambo paIndaneti inonzi Arden. Pasinei $ 250,000 vari mari, basa rokuvaka rakanga chips on whitekuva (Baker 2008) . Projects akafanana GopherAnswers uye Arden vari zvinosuruvarisa zvikuru zvinozivikanwa pane zvirongwa zvakafanana MovieLens. Pakupedzisira, apo ndakati kuti ndakanga ndisingazivi zvimwe vatsvakurudzi kuti vakanga vakabudirira akavaka zvinhu nokuda akadzokorora kwacho pano ndivo wangu dzekuziva: 1) vechikamu anoshandisa chigadzirwa nemhaka chii rinopa navo (semuenzaniso, havana hazvibhadharwi uye havasi vazvipiri kubatsira science) uye 2) chigadzirwa yave kushandiswa vanopfuura mumwe akasiyana kuedza (kureva, kwete chete kuedza akawanda nguva pamwe dzakasiyana mukwikwidzi madziva). Kana uchiziva vamwe mienzaniso, ndapota munoziva.
Ndanzwa pfungwa Pasteur kuti Quadrant inokurukurwa kakawanda panguva Tech makambani, uye zvinobatsira kuronga tsvakurudzo kuitwa panguva Google (Spector, Norvig, and Petrov 2012) .
Bond uye nevamwe 'kudzidza (2012) Uyewo unoedza kuona mugumisiro kurapwa izvi pamusoro shamwari yevaya akavagamuchira. Nokuda pamasikiro kuedza, spillovers aya zvakaoma kuona cleanly; Vaverengi vanofarira vanofanira kuona Bond et al. (2012) kuti kwokukurukurwa. Kuedza Ichi chikamu refu tsika kuedza musayenzi enyika ari kuedza kukurudzira voting (Green and Gerber 2015) . Ava zvokukurumidza panze-the-sarudzo kuedza nevakawanda chikamu nokuti vari Pasteur raMwari Quadrant. Ndiko, kune vanhu vakawanda vari uchida kuwedzera kuvhota uye kuvhota zvinogona inonakidza maitiro yokuedza mamwemazwi nezvemutauro unhu uye magariro simba.
Vamwe vatsvakurudzi zvakapa zano pamusoro achimhanya munda kuedza naye nemasangano dzakadai ezvematongwerwe enyika, maNGO, uye mabhizimisi (Loewen, Rubenson, and Wantchekon 2010; List 2011; Gueron 2002) . Vamwe vakauya zano sei kudyidzana nemasangano vanogona nechirongwa tsvakurudzo mazano (Green, Calfano, and Aronow 2014; King et al. 2007) . Partnership kunogona kutungamirira mibvunzo yetsika (Humphreys 2015; Nickerson and Hyde 2016) .
Kana uchizopa kusika kuongorora chirongwa asati achimhanya kuedza kwako, ini pfungwa kuti imi kutanga nokurava nhau nhungamiro. The Vahosi (Consolidated Standard Kushuma Miedzo) Mirayiridzo yakagadzirwa mukurapa (Schulz et al. 2010) uye zvakachinjwa kuti mumagariro tsvakurudzo (Mayo-Wilson et al. 2013) . A kufanana akagadzirwa Mirayiridzo pokuikurukura kubudikidza Vapepeti Journal of experimental Political Science (Gerber et al. 2014) (ona zvakare Mutz and Pemantle (2015) uye Gerber et al. (2015) ). Pakupedzisira, kushuma nhungamiro dzave yakatangawo zvepfungwa (Group 2008) , uye onawo Simmons, Nelson, and Simonsohn (2011) .
Kana ukaronga kuongorora chirongwa unofanira kufunga pre-kunyoresa nokuti pre-kunyoresa kuchawedzera chivimbo chokuti vamwe vane migumisiro dzenyu. Uyezve, kana uri kushanda pamwe naye, izvozvo zvichaita kungorara mudiwa wako anogona kuchinja kuongorora pashure pokuona nemigumisiro. Pre-kunyoresa zviri kuramba zvakajairika zvepfungwa (Nosek and Lakens 2014) , political sainzi (Humphreys, Sierra, and Windt 2013; Monogan 2013; Anderson 2013; Gelman 2013; Laitin 2013) , uye nemari (Olken 2015) .
Nepo zvinhu zvenyu pre-ongororo chirongwa unofanira kuziva kuti vamwe vatsvakurudzi uyewo kushandisa regression ndokurondedzera nzira kuvandudza zvakarurama pamusoro Zvinofungidzirwa kurapwa zvazviri, uye paine makakatanwa pamusoro nzira iyi: Freedman (2008) , Lin (2013) , uye Berk et al. (2013) ; ona Bloniarz et al. (2016) kuti uwane mamwe mashoko.
Design zano zvakananga nokuda paIndaneti munda kuedza kuri pamberi muna Konstan and Chen (2007) uye Chen and Konstan (2015) .
Kuti uwane pamusoro MusicLab kuedza, ona Salganik, Dodds, and Watts (2006) , Salganik and Watts (2008) , Salganik and Watts (2009b) , Salganik and Watts (2009a) , uye Salganik (2007) . Kuti uwane pamusoro weNobel-tora-zvose pamisika, ona Frank and Cook (1996) . Kuti uwane pamusoro untangling nemhanza uye unyanzvi zvakanyanya kazhinji, ona Mauboussin (2012) , Watts (2012) , uye Frank (2016) .
Pane imwe nzira kubvisa mukwikwidzi mari kuti vatsvakurudzi vanofanira kushandisa nokungwarira: kuhondo. In dzakawanda paIndaneti munda kuedza vechikamu vanotofanira vaitorwa kupinda kuedza uye haana ndanyarara hangu. Mienzaniso nzira iyi vanosanganisira Restivo uye Van De Rijt raMwari (2012) Kuedza pamusoro mibayiro muna Wikipedia uye Bond uye bhururu wacho (2012) Kuedza chokukurudzira vanhu kuvhota. kuedza izvi here kuva razero shanduka mutengo, vane razero shanduka mutengo nevaongorori. Kunyange zvazvo mari dzakawanda kuedza izvi iduku chaizvo kune imwe neimwe yeboka, zviduku mari zvavakatemwa wakakura vatori vechikamu vanogona kuwedzera nekukurumidza. Vatsvakurudzi vaimhanya wandisa paIndaneti kuedza kakawanda kupembedza kukosha duku vanofungidzirwa kurapwa migumisiro nokutaura kuti izvi zviduku Migumisiro kunogona kuva kunokosha kana kushandisirwa vanhu vakawanda. The chaiyo chete mafungiro zvinoshanda mari kuti vatsvakurudzi kumanikidza vechikamu. Kana kuedza rako richikuita vanhu miriyoni imwe kutambiswa miniti rimwe, kuedza haikuvadzi chaizvo chero ufambidzane munhu, asi ari uwandu hwezvinhu zvose zvabatanidzwa. rwakaramba zvaparadzwa anenge makore maviri nguva.
Chimwe kusvika asika razero shanduka mutengo muripo kuna vechikamu ndiko kushandisa rotari, imwe nzira kuti rave kushandiswa pakutsvakurudza ongororo (Halpern et al. 2011) . Pakupedzisira, nokuti zvakawanda pamusoro afunge hunakidze User-zvakaitika ona Toomim et al. (2011) .
Hedzinoi chepakutanga tsanangudzo vatatu R, kubva Russell and Burch (1959) :
"Replacement zvinoreva achigamuchira nokuda vanoziva mhuka insentient zvinhu zvipenyu yepamusorosoro. Rutapudzo zvinoreva zvinoderedza nhamba zvemhuka zvinoshandiswa vawane mashoko ane mari yakapiwa uye zvakarurama. Chakagadziridzwa zvinoreva chero vasanyanye kuitika kana kwokuomerwa zvoutsinye maitirwo kushandisirwa mhuka idzo vachiri kushandiswa. "
Vatatu R kuti ini zvamaronga regai kudarika penyaya dzemitemo anorondedzerwa muChitsauko 6. Asi, ivo yakawanda akarondedzera shanduro mumwe wevaya dzemitemo-beneficence-zvakananga nokuda panovira kuedza kwevanhu.
Pamunenge muchikurukura Emotional Contagion, kune vatatu non-chemufungo nyaya kuyeuka apo nokududzira chiedzwa ichi. Chokutanga, hazvina pachena sei chaiwo mashoko kuedza kubatanidza kuti yokungotaura dzinofunga; mune mamwe manzwi, pane mibvunzo pamusoro vavake ukoshi. Hazvina kujeka kuti zvakanaka uye kunaka kweshoko Counts vari chaizvoizvo inoratidza kunetsa vechikamu zvakanaka nokuti 1) hakusi pachena kuti mashoko vanhu kuposita vari chokukomborerwa manzwiro avo akanaka uye 2) hazvisi pachena kuti chaiwo manzwiro kuongorora unyanzvi kuti vaongorori vaishandisa anokwanisa yakavimbika infer manzwiro (Beasley and Mason 2015; Panger 2016) . Nemamwe mashoko, pangava chiyero yakaipa vakarerekera rimwe divi chiratidzo. Chechipiri, magadzirirwo uye kuongorora kuedza rinotiudza chinhu pamusoro akanga kupfuura rinoitei (kureva, hapana kuongorora heterogeneity kurapwa nemigumisiro) uye chii mashandiro angava. Panyaya iyi, vaongorori vakanga mijenya mashoko pamusoro vechikamu asi vakanga vanotova sevanhu Widgets vari kuongorora. Chechitatu, mugumisiro kukura mune kuedza ichi muduku zvikuru; kusiyana kurapwa uye masimba ezvinhu anenge 1 muna 1,000 nemashoko. In mapepa avo, Kramer nevaaishanda navo kuti nyaya kuti mugumisiro kukura ichi zvinokosha nokuti mazana emamiriyoni evanhu kuwana News wavo Fudzai rimwe zuva. Nemamwe mashoko, ivo vanoti kunyange migumisiro zvidiki kuti mumwe munhu vari makuru uwandu hwezvinhu zvose zvabatanidzwa.. Kunyange kudai kugamuchira nharo ichi, zvichiri kwete pachena kana kubatsira kukura iyi inokosha panyaya mubvunzo pamusoro mupfungwa contagion zvikuru rwevanhu zvesayenzi. Kuti uwane pamusoro ezvinhu apo duku zvinokonzerwa zvinokosha kuona Prentice and Miller (1992) .
In mashoko okutanga R (Replacement), achienzanisa Emotional Contagion kuedza (Kramer, Guillory, and Hancock 2014) uye mupfungwa contagion dzinongoitika kuedza (Coviello et al. 2014) inopa zvidzidzo zvavo pamusoro kutengeserana-offs nechokuita kutamira kubva kuedza kuti dzinongoitika kuedza (uye dzimwe nzira dzakaita chienderane kuti kuedza kuti paiva kuedza mune dzisiri experimental data, ona Chitsauko 2). Kuwedzera penyaya makomborero, nokuchinja kubva experimental vasiri experimental zveBhaibheri uyewo inoita vatsvakurudzi kudzidza kurapwa kuti vari logistically vasingakwanisi dhipuroya. Zvisinei izvi penyaya logistical zvinobatsira panguva imwe mari,. With dzinongoitika kuedza vaongorori vane zvishoma kudzora zvinhu zvakafanana muchiuto evakurukuri, randomization, uye hunhu kurapwa. Somuenzaniso, mumwe chipingidzo mvura sezvo kurapa ndechokuti zvose kunowedzera positivity uye zvinoderedza negativity. Zvisinei, muna experimental kudzidza, Kramer uye vatinoshanda navo vakakwanisa kuchinja positivity uye negativity yakazvimiririra.
The chaiyo kusvika yaishandiswa Coviello et al. (2014) akanga mamwe nezvo muna Coviello, Fowler, and Franceschetti (2014) . Kuti sumo kuti batsira chaizvo variables ona Angrist and Pischke (2009) (shoma yokuchikoro) kana Angrist, Imbens, and Rubin (1996) (neyebhizimisi). Nokuti chokwadi yokunyatsoongorora paku variables ona Deaton (2010) , uye kuti sumo kuti batsira chaizvo variables vane simba zviridzwa (mvura ndiro simba instrument), ona Murray (2006) .
More kazhinji, sumo yakanaka dzinongoitika kuedza ndiro Dunning (2012) , uye Rosenbaum (2002) , Rosenbaum (2009) , uye Shadish, Cook, and Campbell (2001) kupa mazano akanaka pamusoro kupima causal migumisiro pasina kuedza.
In mashoko wechipiri R (chakagadziridzwa), pane zvesayenzi uye logistical wezvokutengeserana-offs pavanofunga kuchinja magadzirirwe Emotional Contagion kubva ichivharira nembiru kuna boosting mbiru. Somuenzaniso, kungava nyaya kuti zvekushandisa implementation yacho News Feed anoita zviri substantially nyore kuita chinhu kuedza ichivharira mbiru pane kuedza boosting namagwatidziro (ona kuti kuedza ichivharira namagwatidziro vaigona chinozoiswa sezvo paiva pamusoro pamusoro News Feed hurongwa pasina kudikanwa dzainge dzatengwa asi dzisingakwani chaicho hurongwa). Nesayenzi Zvisinei, dzidziso nezita kuedza haana zvakajeka pfungwa imwe kugadzirwa pamusoro mumwe.
Zvisinei, handina kuziva nouchapupu risati tsvakurudzo nezveukama zvemashoko ichivharira uye boosting kugutsikana mune News Feed. Uyewo, handina kumboona kutsvakurudza zvikuru pamusoro yokuchenesa mishonga kuti kuvaita shoma chinokuvadza; kunze ndiye Jones and Feamster (2015) , izvo anofunga nyaya nokuyerwa Internet kusenza (nyaya I muChitsauko 6 ukama kuti encore kudzidza (Burnett and Feamster 2015; Narayanan and Zevenbergen 2015) ).
In mashoko wechitatu R (kuzvideredza), sumo yakanaka nezvaiitwa simba kuongorora zviri Cohen (1988) . Pre-kurapwa covariates zvinogona kubatanidzwawo magadzirirwo pachikuva uye kuongorora padariro kuedza; Chitsauko 4 Gerber and Green (2012) inopa sumo yakanaka zvose nzira, uye Casella (2008) inopa mamwe zvakadzama kurapwa. Nzira kuti kushandisa ichi pre-kurapwa mashoko ari randomization vari yemanyorero inonzi kana makavhara experimental mazano kana stratified experimental mazano (the nemashoko harishandiswi mabhii mhiri munharaunda); unyanzvi izvi zvikuru chokuita stratified zvakabudiswa mitoo muChitsauko 3. Ona Higgins, Sävje, and Sekhon (2016) kuti uwane zvimwe pachidobi kushandisa mazano aya ari makuru kuedza. Pre-kurapwa covariates kunogonawo waibatanidzwa kuongorora rwakazara. McKenzie (2012) rinoongorora musiyano-mu-kusiyana nzira pokuongorora munda kuedza kuchakurukurwa zvakadzama. Ona Carneiro, Lee, and Wilhelm (2016) kuti uwane pamusoro kutengeserana-offs pakati akasiyana nzira kuwedzera zvakarurama munyika inofungidzirwa kurapwa migumisiro. Pakupedzisira, apo kusarudza kuedza zvinosanganisira kuvapo kurapwa covariates nemagadzirirwo kana ongororo rwakazara (kana zvose), pane zvishomanana zvokufunga nezvazvo. Mune ezvinhu umo vaongorori vanoda kuratidza kuti havasi "hove" (Humphreys, Sierra, and Windt 2013) , achishandisa pre-kurapwa covariates pamasikiro rwakazara kunogona kubatsira (Higgins, Sävje, and Sekhon 2016) . Mumamiriro ezvinhu umo vatori vechikamu vasvika sequentially, kunyanya paIndaneti munda kuedza, vachishandisa pre-kurapwa mashoko pamasikiro rwakazara kungava kwakaoma logistically, ona Somuenzaniso Xie and Aurisset (2016) .
Zvinokurudzirwa achiwedzera zvishoma kunzwisisa nei musiyano-mu-kusiyana zvinogona zvikuru kubudirira saka pane musiyano-mu-nzira. Zvaitika zhinji paIndaneti vane yakakwirira kwazvo kutsaura (ona semuenzaniso, Lewis and Rao (2015) uye Lamb et al. (2015) ) uye zvinoitika akatsiga pamusoro nguva. Panyaya iyi, kuchinja zvibodzwa vachava makakava substantially chiduku, kuwedzera simba uwandu bvunzo. Chimwe chikonzero ichi akaswedera harina kushandiswa kakawanda ndechokuti asati digitaalinen zera akanga asiri zvakajairika kuti pre-kurapwa zvaitika. A zvikuru kongiri nzira kufunga nezvazvo kuti kufungidzira imwe kuedza kuyera kana yakananga maekisesaizi kunokonzera uremu. Kana kuita musiyano-mu-rinoreva nzira, wako kufungidzira achava variability rinobva variability muna Zviidzo vemo. Zvisinei, kana iwe ukaita musiyano-mu-musiyano nzira, kuti ndezvomuzvarirwo yokuvamba kusiyana Zviidzo chinozadzwa kubviswa uye unogona kuona nyore musiyano anokonzerwa kurapwa.
Imwe nzira inokosha yokuderedza uwandu vechikamu kuedza yenyu kuitisa simba pachisara iyo Kramer uye nevamwe vaigona maita inobva mugumisiro hukuru vakachengeta kubva dzinongoitika kuedza kubudikidza Coviello et al. (2014) kana adarika non-experimental tsvakurudzo kubudikidza Kramer (2012) (Kutaura zvazviri ndiwo mabasa pakupera chitsauko chino). Ona kuti kushandisa iyi simba kuongorora zviri zvishoma zvakasiyana pane zvemo. Munguva analoginen zera, vanotsvakurudza kazhinji akaita simba kuongorora nechokwadi chokuti kudzidza kwavo haana diki (kureva, pasi-Powered). Zvino, zvisinei, vatsvakurudzi vanofanira kuita simba kuongorora kuti nechokwadi chokuti kudzidza kwavo hakusi yakakurisa (kureva, pamusoro-Powered).
Pakupedzisira, Ndakafunga achiwedzera R chechina: Repurpose. Ndiko, kana vaongorori vanozviwana mamwe experimental mashoko pane vanofanira kugadzirisa yavo yepakutanga tsvakurudzo mubvunzo, vanofanira repurpose humboo vabvunze mibvunzo itsva. Somuenzaniso, fungidzira kuti Kramer uye nevamwe vakanga vaishandisa musiyano-mu-kusiyana estimator uye vakawana vakazvisunga zvakawanda mashoko pane zvinodiwa kugadzirisa ravo tsvakurudzo mubvunzo. Pane asina kushandisa mashoko zvizere, vangadai akadzidza kukura maturo sezvo basa kwerubwinyo rwakagara rwuripo-kurapwa mupfungwa mashoko. Sezvo Schultz et al. (2007) vakawana kuti migumisiro kurapa kwakanga akasiyana chiedza uye inorema vanoshandisa, zvichida migumisiro News Feed vakanga vakasiyana vanhu vanotova nomuitiro kuposita kufara (kana kusuruvara) mashoko. Repurposing aigona kutungamirira "hove" (Humphreys, Sierra, and Windt 2013) uye "p-kugura" (Simmons, Nelson, and Simonsohn 2011) , asi izvi zviri kunyanya addressable pamwe mubatanidzwa akatendeseka nhau (Simmons, Nelson, and Simonsohn 2011) , kuvapo kunyoresa (Humphreys, Sierra, and Windt 2013) , uye nzira muchina pakudzidza kuti vanoedza kudzivisa pamusoro kukunakira.


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CLAUDIO Ranieri (ari pamufananidzo pamusoro) akabvuma kudzoka kuzorairidza nhabvu kekutanga zvichitevera kudzingwa kwaakaitwa basa neLeicester City asi zvinogona kutadzika nekuda kwemakore ake.
Ranieri ndiye ari kutarisirwa kugadzwa pachigaro chinopisa kuchikwata cheNantes chekuLigue 1, icho chiri kumirira kunzwa kubva kuFrench Football Federation (FFF) pamusoro penyaya iyi. Mitemo yeFFF inoti zvikwata zvenhabvu hazvikwanise kugadza murairidzi anenge adarika makore 65 ekuberekwa pachigaro uye Ranieri akasvitsa makore aya gore radarika.
Mutungamiri weNantes – Waldemar Kita – akaudza France Info kuti, “Ligi riri kubvumirana nazvo, asi ndinoziva kuti FFF ndiyo iri kunonoka kumugadza, handizive kuti sei.
“Chatiri kuda hunyanzvi hwaRanieri semurairidzi wenhabvu nekuti tinoziva kuti akwanisa kurairidza zvikwata zvikuru muEurope.”
Ranieri akahwina mukombe wePremier League mumwaka wake wekutanga achirairidza Leicester City, ndokutungamira chikwata ichi muChampions League kusvika chakwanisa kufambira mberi kubuda muboka racho gore radarika.
Asi akazodzingwa basa muna Kurume zvichitevera kudzikira kwainge kwave kuita matambiro echikwata ichi. Ranieri akamborairidza zvikwata zvakawanda zviri muEurope zvinosanganisira Fiorentina, Valencia, Atletico Madrid, Chelsea, Juventus, Monaco nenyika yeGreece.
Ave kuda kudzokera kuzorairidza kuFrance uye Nantes yakakumbira French FA kuti ibvise mutemo wavo wemakore unotarisirwa pavarairidzi kuti ikwanise kumugadza panyanga. Izvi zvakamboitika kare apo Lens yakagadza Guy Roux semurairidzi wayo. – Daily Mail Football.


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From Abel Zhakata in Mutare
PRESIDENT Mugabe has urged youths to use New Information Technologies productively, castigating rampant misuse of the Internet that he said was bringing undesirable foreign traditions into the country.
He said abuse of the Internet was also a cause for concern in the ruling Zanu-PF party where some members were fanning factionalism through social media.
President Mugabe said this while officially opening a Community Information Centre Dangamvura high-density suburb yesterday ahead of the Sakubva Stadium youth interface rally.
He said through the Ministry of Information Communication Technology, Postal and Courier Services, Government was committed to availing information centres throughout the country to enable youths to access information.
“Ndinoda kuti makorokoto mavana neInformation Centre kuno. Tinenge tiine tarisiro yokuti ichashandiswa nomutoo kwawo, vanhu vakwanise kuti pavanenge vachidawo kutapa zveInternet vange vachibatsirwa kuno,” President Mugabe said.
“Chatiri kungochema nacho chete ndechekuti vanhu vasakanganisa basa guru iri. “NeInternet vamwe vakushandisa kutapa tsika dzisina kunaka. Ndozvirikutichemedza chete. Kutukana ndoimwe nyaya yatinayo iyoyo.
“Hameno kuti tichagona here kuti tidzime nzira dzacho dzinoita kuti vanhu vatukane? Anenge ane zvake, anenge anezvondo zvakubuda. Ndinovimba kuti chichemo chedu ichocho kwazvo kwazvo kupolitics dzedu dzatinadzo nhasi tichakwanisa kuti tinzwikwe tirege kuita tsika dzakadaro,” he said.
The President called for cooperation between the Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education and the ICT Ministry to ensure Internet access to pupils.
“Takatanga Information Centre yakaita saiyoyi kuye kunonzi kwaMurombedzi kwaZvimba zvino dzafararira. Ndinovimba kuti pachava nekubatana neMinistry ye Education kunyanya nokuti vana vedu tinoda kuti vave nefundo yakadzama iyezvino. KuInternet uku kuzere neruzivo. Kana vakauya pano vakada kubata zvesciecnce, vakada kubata zvehistory, vakada kubata zvakasiyana siyana ruzivo rwuzere ikoko,” he said.
Coming to deep-rooted factionalism in the province which he said was raised by Minister of State for Manicaland Provincial Affairs Cde Mandi Chimene during a briefing, President Mugabe said the party would deal with the problem.
“Tauya nhasi kubasa redu guru remusangano weZanu-PF tiri vakokwi pahumiriro hwatakaita nevadiki vedu. Vadiki ava vanewo pfungwa dzavo,” he said. “Tanzwa Resident Minister VaChimene vachiti zvinhu zvirikuitwa hazvina kunaka. Hazvina kunaka hongu. Musangano wedu ndozvatinosungirwa kugarira pasi izvozvo kuti tizvinakise, tizvipfuudze tirambe tichinanga zvinangwa zvedu zvegutsaruzhinji,” the President said.
“Ava vanoda kutitsautsa vachazenge vachiona kuti kana vasiri mugwara, vasingafambe negwara ravazhinji vanenge varasika. “Kana vasingaone izvozvo tinoti marasika marasikazve munenge musina kuraswa nesu. Isu tirivanhu vakabatana, Vanhu vanoziva hutungamiri hwedu, vanhu vanoziva kuti hunochinjwa sei hutungamiri hwedu, haurambirwe, hausi hwekuba, aiwa huripachena. Ndozvatiri muZanu-PF. Ndozvatiri zvatakagaratiri kana pane vamwe vane zavarikuita…aiwa hazvinzwaro. Inyaya yatichakurukura zvikuru kwatiri kuenda uko,” he said.
The President also donated computers to six schools in Dangamvura as part of promoting E-Learning.
ICT Minister Cde Supa Mandiwanzira said a total of 70 community information centres had been opened countrywide.


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Muchaneta Chimuka —
GORORO rekuBeatrice iro raive nekatsika kekubira vanhu mapatsi emota rakaigochera pautsi zvichitevera kubatwa kwarakazoitwa pamwe nekumiswa mudare.
Brighton Zheke (33) wekuCentral Farm akabatwa nemhosva mudare reChitungwiza Magistrate’s Court yekubira Steven Makwembera (30) anove murairidzi paBeatrice Boarding School midziyo yemotokari inokosha $170 uye pakazowanikwa $120 chete.
Mutongi wedare iri, Francis Mapfumo, akatemera Zheke chirango chekubhadhara faindi ye$100 uye kukundikana kwake anogara mujeri kwemwedzi wose.
Mutongi akati zvakare Zheke aripire mumhan’ari $50 inove mari yakasara pazvinhu zvaakawanikwa anazvo izvo akange abira Makwembera.
Muchuchisi Itai Beaular Chikono akaudza dare kuti nomusi wa29 Kurume gore rino, Makwembera akapa motokari yake yerudzi rweToyota Hiace ine nhamba dzinoti ADX 1402 pagaraji panoshandira Concern Ruturi anova makanika wemota kukambani yePrym Motors Garage iri happy wheels kuBeatrice kuti igadzirwe.
Rimwe zuva mumwedzi waKubvumbi, Zheke akaenda ndokunoba crank shaft pulley nesteering pump izvo akanotengesa kuna Kudakwashe Murisa anoita zvekutengesa midziyo yemota muHarare.
Musi wa25 Kubvumbi, Makwembera paakaenda kugaraji kuti anopa Ruturi mapatsi matsva ayo akange atenga akamuwana asipo uye ndokuona zvakare kuti mamwe mapatsi emota yake akange asipo.
Nomusi wa27 mwedzi wekare, Makwembera akanomhan’ara nyaya iyi kumapurisa uye ongororo yakaitwa nematikitivha ekuBeatrice yakaona Kudakwashe Murisa achiwanikwa aine crank shaft pulley.
Murisa akaudza matikitivha aya kuti akange akatengesa steering pump kune imwe kasitoma yake asi midziyo yese yemotokari iyi akati akange akatengeserwa naZheke.
Crank shaft pulley iyi yakaburitswa mudare seumboo. Zheke anobvuma mhosva yake.
“Ndinobvuma kuti ndakaba mapatsi emotokari yemumhan’ari nekuti ndaida kuatengesa kuti ndiwanewo mari,” anodaro.


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CHIKAMU 9
Paradhiso Ichauya Rini?
Matambudziko ari panyika anoratidza kuti Umambo hwaMwari hwava pedyo nokuita chimwe chinhu. Ruka 21:10, 11; 2 Timoti 3:1-5
Bhaibheri rakafanotaura zvakawanda zvezvinhu zviri kuitika mazuva ano. Rakati vanhu vaizova vanoda mari, vasingateereri vabereki, vanotyisa uye vanoda mafaro.
Kwaizova nekudengenyeka kwenyika kukuru, hondo, kushomeka kwezvokudya, uye zvirwere. Zvinhu izvi zviri kuitika iye zvino.
Uyewo, Jesu akati mashoko akanaka oUmambo aizoparidzwa munyika yose.
Umambo huchabvisa uipi hwose.
—2 Petro 3:13
Nokukurumidza Jehovha achaparadza vakaipa vose.
Satani nemadhimoni vacharangwa.
Vaya vanoteerera Mwari vachapona vopinda munyika yakarurama, munenge musisina kutya, munyika umo vanhu vachavimbana uye vachadanana.


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Muchaneta Chimuka —
MURUME wekuDema, kwaSeke akapona neburi retsono mushure mekubaiwa kwaakaitwa nebanga pachipfuva neshamwarikadzi yake iyo yaimupomera kuti sei airamba kumubatsira kubvisa pamuviri paakamupa.
Adam Murare (45) – anogara mubhuku raKaseke uye achizivikanwa nezita rekuti Diaspora mubasa rake rekutora mifananidzo – anoti hana yake ichiri kurova nekuda kwezvaakaitwa nechibayamoyo chake Joyce Bhasera (32).
Bhasera ari kutsinhira kuti akabaya Murare nebanga, kunyangwe zvazvo asiri kunyatsobuda pachena chikonzero chakaita kuti apare mhosva iyi. Murare anogara munharaunda imwe chete naBhasera, uyo anogara mubhuku raZin’anga, kwakare kwaSeke.
“Musi waakandibaya ainditi ndimubatsire kubvisa mimba yaanayo asi ini ndakaramba dzichimuudza kuti kana huku chaiyo handisati ndambouraya. Chiri kundirwadza ndechekuti mukadzi uyu anodanana nevamwe varume asi ari kupomera ini kuti nhumbu ndeyangu,” anodaro.
Murare anoenderera mberi achiti: “Ndakamuudza kuti andipe bhegi rangu raive nekamera, laptop nezvimwe zvandinoshandisa mubasa rangu izvo akange atora nechisimba achiti nditange ndamubatsira kubvisa mimba yake. Musi uyu ndakange ndaenda kumba kwake kunotora zvinhu zvangu, ndipo paakati kana usingadi kubvisa mimba yako ndichakutushura rimwe ziso rako usare usisaone sezvo rimwe ziso rangu riine ndereka.”
Anoti pasina nguva, Bhasera akatora banga achida kumubaya iye ndokuedza kutiza.
“Pandakaedza kutiza, ndakabva ndahakwa gumbo rangu newaya ndokupunzikira pasi Bhasera achibva andibaya nebanga pachipfuva pedyo nepamoyo. Ndakarwadziwa zvikuru ndokuzobatsirwa neveruzhinji avo vakandiendesa kuChitungwiza Central Hospital uko kwandakagara muchipatara mazuva mashanu mushure mekusonwa masitichi matatu. Iye akabva asungwa,” anodaro Murare chiso chake chichiratidza kuvhiringika.
Anoti akashandisa mari inodarika $400 mukurapwa kwake uye akaburitsa mamwe emagwaro ekurapwa kwake kuKwayedza seumboo.
Anoti mari yekuzvirapisa yakamurwadza zvikuru. happy wheels Murare anoti Bhasera akazodzosa bhegi rake mushure mekunge asungwa.
“Bhasera haana kana sendi raakandibatsira mukurapwa kwangu zvisinei nekuti ndiye akakonzera. Ndakashandisa mari inodarika $400 apa iye akatongerwa kubvisa faindi ye$50 kana kugara mujeri kwemazuva 25,” anodaro.
Murume uyu anoti nyaya yake yakatongwa paChitungwiza Magistrate’s Courts nomusi wa29 Chivabvu gore rino. Murare anotizve Bhasera aitomborara akaisa banga pasi pepiro mumazuva avaipengesana murudo.
“Ndakambenge ndakaroora ndikasiyana nemudzimai saka ndaida kuzoroorana naBhasera. Asi ndaida kutanga ndazvipa nguva yekumudzidza kuti ndisazoita dambudziko rekuroora ndichirambana nemukadzi sezvandakamboita pakutanga.
“Ndiri panguva yekumudzidza, ndipo paakandivhiringa. Aifonerwa nevarume tirere, kusanganisira anonzi Eddie.
“Handichadi kana kumuuona muupenyu hwangu nokuti akandirwadzisa. Ndakapotsa ndafa uye ndichiri kurwadziwa,” anodaro Murare.
Murume uyu ari kurambisisa kuti mimba iri kunzi ina Bhasera ndeyake.
“Mimba haisi yangu uye mukadzi uyu anodanana nevarume vakawanda, ane vana vaakaita nevarume vakasiyana. Aigara achindiny’omba achiti handizvare.
“Kumba kwangu akangotizira kwesvondo rimwe chete nechidimbu mushure mekunetsana nasisi vake nenhau yekutiza vana kwaaiita achiuya kuzorara kumba kwangu,” anodaro Murare.
“Asi akazobva achienda kunoroja kwake oga. Pane nguva yaakambonditema nebadza pabendekete ndikakuvara asi ndakamuregerera sevanhu taive murudo. Akatema zvakare motokari yangu yerudzi rweMark II nebadza ikapwanyika hwindo mushure mekunge ndapunza kadhishi kake kekugezera mawoko.”
Anotizve pese paanoita izvi, Bhasera anoti anovimba neimwe hama yake “mupurisa ane nyembe”.
“Mudzimai uyu anoita kunge akagarwa nemweya yetsvina. Kunyangwe kuenda kumba kwake, aitoti nditange ndabhukisa kana kumuzivisa kuti ndiri kuuya. Kumba kwemudikani kunoitwawo ‘appointment’ here?” anodaro Murare.
Achitaura panhare, Bhasera anoti: “Anoziva nyaya yake yandakamubaira nebanga. Ehe, airegerei kuuya kumba, ngaarege kuita masitayera. Iko zvino ndiri kuChiredzi. Nhumbu yandinayo ndeyake.”
Kwayedza haina kuzokwanisa kuramba ichitaura nemukadzi uyu sezvo nhare yake yakabva yadzima uye yakange isisabatike apo yakaridzwazve.


text:
Masoko o Kupejisira
1 JEHOVHA
Zina ra Mwari ndi Jehovha zve rinoreva kuti “Iyena Anoitisa Kuti Zviitike.” Jehovha ndi Mwari wo Masimba-ese, zve wakasika zvese. Iyena anosimba ro kuita caanosunga kuita.
Mu ciHebheru, zina ra Mwari raitahwa ngo maretera marongomuna. Mu Cindau, maretera marongomuna aya anoimirihwa ndi JHVH. Zina ra Mwari mu matahwa o Bhaibheri o kutanga mu ciHebheru raiwanika phedo no 7.000. Mu nyika yese vandhu vano mashandisire akasiana-siana o zina ra Jehovha, vanoridaninja mukuzwirana no mazikire arinoita mu ndumi yavo.
2 BHAIBHERI ‘RAKAFEMEHWA NDI MWARI’
Mune wo Bhaibheri ndi Mwari, asi iyena wakashandisa vandhu kuti varitare. Izvi zvakatojana no mune wo koponi anobvunja mutari wake kuti atare zviro zvaanoda mune wo koponi pa karata. Mwari wakashandisa mujimu mucena kuti utungamirire vatari kuti vatare murangariro jake Mwari. Mujimu wa Mwari wakavatungamirira munjira jakasiana-siana, nguva jimweni waivaitisa kuti vave no zvivoniso kana kurota perapo vaidikana kuzvitara.
3 ZVIAMBI
Mu Bhaibheri munodurujihwa jijiso jo zvokadi huru. Inga muezaniso, ciambi cinoti “Vadoni vakaxata vanovoja maitiro akanaka” cinotijijisa kuti vandhu vatinotamba navo vangatirovejesa zvakashata kana zvakanaka. (1 VaKorinto 15:33) Zve ciambi cinoti “Bzaanosima mundhu ngo bzaanozokotora” cinotijijisa kuti apana po kutiza muviyo wo zviito zvedu.—VaGalàsia 6:7.
4 CIPOROFITA
Ciporofita i masoko a Mwari. Kungava kudurujihwa ko kuda ka Mwari, jijiso yo magariro, mupango kana mavonere. Angavavo masoko o ciro cinozoitika kumbeji. Kuno zviporofita zvizinji mu Bhaibheri zvakapera kukwanirisika.
5 ZVIPOROFITA NGO PAMUSORO PA MESIA
Jesu ndiyena ega basi wakazajisa zviporofita zvizinji zvo mu Bhaibheri ngo pamusoro pa Mesia. Vonanyi bhokiso rinoti, “ Zviporofita ngo Pamusoro pa Mesia.”
▸ Cip. 2, ndim. 17, masoko o pasi.
6 CIDISISO CA MWARI NO PASI PANO
Jehovha wakaita pasi pano kuti pave muzi wo paradhiso wo vandhu vanomuda. Cidisiso cake acizivi kucinja. Sambi-sambi, Mwari anozobvisa ushati zve wopekeja vandhu vake upenyu ucikaperi.
7 SATHANA DHIABHU
Sathana i ngirozi yakatanga kupandukira Mwari. Iyona inodaninjwa kuti Sathana, zvinoreva kuti “Muhwisani,” ngo kuti iyena anohwisana na Jehovha. Anodaninjwavo kuti Dhiabhu, zvinoreva kuti “Munyepi.” Wakapuwa zina iri ngo kuti iyena wakabhuya manyepo ngo pamusoro pa Mwari zve wocengeja vandhu.
8 NGIROZI
Jehovha wakaita ngirozi kare maningi acito aita pasi pano. Jakaitihwa kuti jigare kudenga. Kuno mazana o zviuru zvo ngirozi. (Danieli 7:10) Ijona jino mazina zve ajizivi kutojana, zve ngirozi jakatendeseka jinozvidodokesa, joramba kunamathwa ngo vandhu. Ijona jinozvigaro zvakasiana zve jakagajwa mabasa akasiana. Mabasa amweni akona anobatanija kushandira pamberi po kadera yo umambo ya Jehovha, jecitora masoko ake, jecijivirira no kutungamirira vashandiri vake pasi pano, jecitumwa ku rutongeso hwake, no kubesera basa ro kucumaera. (Nduyo 34:8; Apokalipsi 14:6; 22:8, 9) Kumbejiyo, jinozobatana na Jesu pa hondo yo Armagedhoni.—Apokalipsi 16:14, 16; 19:14, 15.
9 CISHAISHI
Ciricese catinozwa, catinorangarira, kana catingaita cicikazwirani na Jehovha no kuda kwake, cinodanijwa kuti cishaishi. Ngokuti cishaishi cinokhuvaza ushamwari wedu na Mwari, iyena wakatipa mutemo no zviambi kuti zvitibesere kutiza zvishaishi zvokuita kuri kuzviziva. Pakutanga, Jehovha wakasika zvese zvakakwana, asi Adhamu na Evha pavakasunga kutama kuzwira Jehovha, ivona vakashaisha zve avazivi kuzovazve vakakwana. Vakaita harahwa perapo vofa, zve itisuvo tinoita harahwa no kufa ngo kuti takagara utaka hwo cishaishi ca Adhamu.
ARMAGEDHONI
Armagedhoni i hondo ya Mwari inoparaja nyika ya Sathana no ushati hwese.
11 UMAMBO HWA MWARI
Umambo hwa Mwari, utongi hwakagajwa kudenga. Jesu Kristu ari kutonga inga Mambo waho. Kumbejiyo, Jehovha anozoshandisa Umambo uhu kuti abvise ushati hwese. Umambo hwa Mwari unozotonga pasi pese.
12 JESU KRISTU
Mwari wakatanga kusika Jesu acito asika ciricese. Jehovha wakatuma Jesu kuti aviye kuzofira vandhu vese pasi pano. Jesu ari kutonga wari inga Mambo hwo Umambo hwa Mwari.
13 UPOROFITA HWO 70 O BVIKI
Bhaibheri rakaporofita kana kuti rakananga, nguva yaizovia Mesia. Mesia waizoviya pa kupera ko mukuvo wo nguva unodanijwa kuti 69 o bviki, jakatanga mugore 455 N.V.I.Y. zve jopera mugore 29 N.V.Y.
Tinozvizivisa kudini kuti jakapera mu gore 29 N.V.Y.? 69 o bviki, jakatanga mu gore 455 N.V.I.Y. Nehemia paakaguma ku Jerusarema wotanga kuvakisazve dhorobha. (Danieli 9:25; Neemia 2:1, 5-8) Gama ro kuti “bviki” rinotiita kuti tirangarire numero 7. Bviki mu ciporofita ici asipi bviki ro njiku nomwe, asi ibviki rino makore 7, mu kuzwirana no mutemo wo uporofita wo “Njiku imwe inoezana no gore rimwe.” (Bziverengo 14:34; Ezekieli 4:6) Izvi zvinoreva kuti bviki rimwe nga rimwe rino makore 7 zve 69 o bviki, kuzviita konta yo (69 x 7) zvinokwana kuita 483 o makore. Kudari tikaverenga 483 o makore kutangira pa gore 455 N.V.Y., tinoenda koowira mu gore ro ci 29 N.V.Y. Iri ndirona Gore rakabhabhatijwa Jesu kamare wova Mesia!—Luka 3:1, 2, 21, 22.
Ciporofita condhoco cakananga bviki rimweni, bviki rimweni ro makore 7. Pa mukuvo uwu wo nguva, mu gore ra 33 N.V.Y., Mesia waizourawa, zve kutangira mu gore 36 N.V.Y., masoko akanaka o Umambo hwa Mwari, aizotokoteswa ku majinja ese kuciripi ku vaJudha basi.—Danieli 9:24-27.
14 JIJISO YO KUNYEPA YO UTATU
Bhaibheri rinojijisa kuti Jehovha Mwari i musiki zve kuti wakasika Jesu acito aita ciro cimweni. (VaKolosi 1:15, 16) Jesu asipi Mwari wo Masimba ese. Iyena aazivi kumbonanga kuti wakaezana na Mwari. Iyena wakati: “Baba mukuru kondiri.” (Johani 14:28; 1 VaKorinto 15:28) Asi zviara zvimweni zvinojijisa Utatu, kureva kuti Mwari i vandhu vatatu vakabatana: Baba, Mwana, no mujimu mucena. Mu Bhaibheri amuna gama ro kuti “Utatu.” Iyi ijijiso yo manyepo.
Mujimu mucena i simba ra Mwari rinobata basa, simba rake ricikavoneki raanoshandisa kuti aite kuda kwake. Asipi mundhu. Inga muezaniso, MaKristu okare “vakazara ngo Mujimu Mucena.” Zve Jehovha wakati: ‘Inini ndinozodurura divi ro mujimu wangu ku mushovo wese wo vandhu.’—Maitiro o Vapostori 2:1-4, 17, Shanduro yeNyika Itsva.
15 CIPHAMBANO
MaKristu okadi-kadi, aashandisi ciphambano paanonamata Mwari. Ngenyi?
Ciphambano cakatanga kushandiswa ngo ciara co manyepo kubvira kare. Munguva jo kare, caishandisihwa pa kunamata zviro zvo munyika no mutango-mutango jo vatano yo cihedheni. Mukati mo 300 o makore o kutanga Jesu naapera kufa, maKristu aacaishandisepi ciphambano mu kunamata kwawo. Pa kufamba ko nguva, Kostantino, Mambo wo ciRoma, wakaita kuti ciphambano cive citatijo co ciKristu. Citatijo ici caishandiswa kuti ciKristu cinase kuzivika maningi. Asi ciphambano acina pacinozwirana na Jesu Kristu. Bhuku New Catholic Encyclopedia (Sicorpedhia Imbza yo ciKatorika) inodurujira kuti: “Ciphambano cinowanika kwese ku zvirovejeso zvo ciKristu co kutanga no zvirovejeso zviciripi zvo ciKristu.”
Jesu aazivi kufira pa ciphambano. Gama ro ciGiriki rakasandujwa kuti “ciphambano” rinoreva “njiki yakaimiswa,” “danda,” kana “muti.” Bhuku rinozwi The Companion Bible rinodurujira kuti: “Mu ciGiriki co [Testamente impsa] amuna ciri cese cingatiita kuti tirangarire inga zvitimbu zviviri zvo zvitanda.” Jesu wakafira pa njiki yakaimiswa.
Jehovha aadi kuti tishandise mufananijo no zvitatijo pa kunamata kwedu.—Exodo 20:4, 5; 1 VaKorinto 10:14.
16 CIRANGARIJO
Jesu wakapangira kuti vajiji vake vacerekeje cirangarijo co kufa kwake. Vanoita izvi gore ngo gore mu njiku 14 ya Nisani, njiku imweyo no yaicerekejwa Phakisa ngo vaIziraeri. Pau no vhinyu, inoimirira muviri no ngazi ya Jesu, zvinoperekehwa ku vandhu vese vanonga vari pa cirangarijo. Vaya vanozotonga na Jesu kudenga vanoha pau no kumwa vhinyu. Vaya vano vetero yo kurarama mbhera na rini pasi pano vanovavo pa Cirangarijo no nderemejo yese asi avahi pau nee avamwi vhinyu.
17 MWIHA
Gama ro kuti “mwiha” mu ndumi jo vatari vo Bhaibheri raishandisihwa pa kuda kureva (1) mundhu, (2) cinyama, kana kuti (3) upenyu hwo mundhu kana cinyama. Muezaniso jakona nga iji:
Mundhu. “Mu mukuvo wa Nowa, . . . vandhu vashoma,—bzinoti vasere, [kana kuti “mwiha musere,” Tradução do Novo Mundo, yakanasirihwazve (nwt)]—voponeswa mu kumwa.” (1 Pedru 3:20) Vhesi iyi gama ro kuti “mwiha” riri kurevera vandhu—Nowa no mukaji wake, vana vake vatatu, no vakaji vo vana vake.
Cinyama. “Mwari wakati: ‘Mu kumwa ngamuzare ngo bziro bzizinji bzinopona [“mwiha,” masoko o pasi o nwt], no xiri ngajimburuke mugore pa nyezuru po nyika.’ Bzakaitika kudaro. Mwari wakati: ‘Pasi ngapavoneke bziro bzinopona no bzinofamba, [“mwiha,” masoko o pasi o nwt] bzifuyo, nyoka, bzikara, kudaro ngo mufumbo yabzo.’ Bzakaitwa kudaro.”—Genesi 1:20, 24.
Upenyu hwo mundhu kana hwo cinyama. Jehovha wakabvunja Mosi kuti: “Vese vaya vaida kukuuraya, [kana “kupsaka kuuraya mwiha wako,” masoko o pasi o nwt] vapera kufa.” (Exodo 4:19) Jesu paainga pasi pano, iyena wakati: “Inini ndini muhavisi wauxoni. Muhavisi wauxoni anopira uhomi [“mwiha wake,” masoko o pasi o nwt] mabvuta.”—Johani 10:11.
Mukuengejera, mundhu paanoita zviro ‘ngo mwiha wake wese.’ (Mateu 22:37; Deuteronòmio 6:5) Gama ro kuti “mwiha” ringashandisihwavo pa kuda kudurujira cido, cidaka-daka co zvisikwa zvinopona. Mundhu wakafa kana muviri wakafa zvinganangihwa inga mwiha wakafa.—Bziverengo 6:6, masoko o pasi o nwt; Mazwi Akangwara 23:2, masoko o pasi o nwt; Isaia 56:11, masoko o pasi o nwt; Hagayo 2:13, masoko o pasi o nwt.
18 MUJIMU
Gama ro ciHebheru no ro ciGiriki rakasandujwa kuti “mujimu” mu Shanduro yeNyika Itsva, ringareva zviro zvakasiana. Asi nguva jese anonangira zviro zvicikavoneki zvakadari inga mbhepo, kana mbhepo yatinofema no inofema zvinyama. Magama aya anganangirazve ngirozi kana mujimu mucena, kana simba ra Mwari rinobata basa. Bhaibheri arijijisi kuti divi rimweni ro mundhu rinosara recirarama pasure po rufu.—Exodo 35:21, Shanduro yeNyika Itsva; Nduyo 104:29, Shanduro yeNyika Itsva; Mateu 12:43; Luka 11:13.
19 GEHENA
Gehena i zina ro mugero jiri phedo no Jerusarema maipisihwa nyaka-nyaka jeciparajwa. Apana zvinovonesa kuti munguva ja Jesu zvinyama no vandhu vaitambujwa kana kupiswa vari penye mu mugero umu. Ngo kudaro, Gehena ariimiriri ndau icikavoneki inozotambujwa no kupiswa kucikaperi ko vandhu vanonga vafa. Jesu paakananga ngo pamusoro po vandhu vanokandihwa mu Gehena, iyena wainga ecinangira kuparajwa votama kuzovonekazve.—Mateu 5:22; 10:28.
20 MUKUMBIRO WA TENJI
Uwu i mukumbiro wakapa Jesu paaijijisa vateveri vake kuita mukumbiro. Unodaninjwazve kuti Baba Vedu. Inga muezaniso, Jesu wakatijijisa kuti tiitise kudari mukumbiro:
“Zina renyu ngarikojeswe [kana kuti ngariceneswe]”
Tinoita mukumbiro kuna Jehovha kuti zina rake riceneswe, kuzvese zvaanonyepehwa. Izvi zvikaitika ari wese kudenga no pasi pano anonga ecikuja no kureremeja zina ra Mwari.
“Umambo hwenyu ngahuze”
Tinokumbirira kuti utongi hwa Mwari huparaje nyika yakashata ya Sathana, iwona hutonge pasi pese, zve kuti huite kuti pasi pano pave paradhiso.
“Kuda kwenyu ngakuitwe pasi pano”
Tinokumbira kuti cidisiso ca Mwari no pasi pano ciitike, kuti vanozwira, vandhu vakakwana vararame mbhera na rini mu Paradhiso, inga zvaida Jehovha paakasika vandhu.
21 MURIPO
Jehovha wakanasirira muripo kuti uponese vandhu mu cishaishi no rufu. Muripo wakava mutengo waidiwa kutengazve upenyu hwakakwana hwainga hwakaruziwa ngo mundhu wo kutanga, Adhamu, no kunasirira ushamwari na Jehovha hwainga hwaruzika. Mwari wakatuma Jesu kuti aviye kuzofira zvishaishi zvese pasi pano. Ngo pamusoro po rufu hwa Jesu, vandhu vese vano mukana wo kurarama no kucingaperi no kuva vakakwana.
22 NGENYI GORE RO 1914 RINOSISIRA MANINGI?
Ciporofita ca Danieli cipauko 4 cinotijijisa kuti Mwari waizogaja Umambo hwake mu gore ro 1914.
Ciporofita: Jehovha wakaita kuti Mambo Nebhukadhinezari arote kuwiswa ko muti wakakura maningi. Mu hope jake, bhande ro simbi no ro utare rakasunga ciki ro zimuti iri kuti ritame kuzopfikitirazve pa “mikuvo munomwe.” Mukuvo uwu ukapera zimuti raizopfikitirazve.—Danieli 3:98, 4:7-13.
Zvinoreva ciporofita ici kwatiri: Muti zvinoreva utongi hwa Mwari. Ko makore mazinji, Jehovha wakashandisa majimambo ku Jerusarema kuti atonge jinja ro vaIziraeri. (1 Kronike 29:23) Asi majimambo aya aazivi kuramba akagondeka, zve kutonga kwawo kwakapera. Jerusarema rakaparajwa mugore 607 N.V.I.Y. Uku kwainga kutanga ko “mikuvo munomwe.” (2 Majimambo 25:1, 8-10; Ezekieli 21:25-27) Jesu paakananga kuti, “Jerusalema rinozocikwa ngo vonyikanja, mbhera ngo kukwana mukuvo wo vonyikanjevo,” iyena wainga ecibhuya ngo pamusoro po “mikuvo munomwe.” (Luka 21:24) Waro “mikuvo munomwe” ajizivi kuperera pakafa Jesu pasi pano. Jehovha wakagondesa kuti waizogaja Mambo pa kupera ko “mikuvo munomwe.” Kutonga kwa Mambo mupsa uwu, Jesu, kwaizoviisa makomborero makuru acikazoperi ku vandhu va Mwari vese pasi pano.—Luka 1:30-33.
Kureba ko “mikuvo munomwe”: “Mikuvo munomwe” wainga wo 2.520 o makore. Kudari tikaverenga 2.520 o makore kutangira mugore ra 607 N.V.I.Y., tinoenda koowira mu gore ro 1914. Ndirona gore rakagajwa Jesu, Mesia, inga Mambo wo Umambo hwa Mwari kudenga.
Tinociwanisa kudini civerengo co 2.520? Bhaibheri rinonanga kuti nguva ndhatu no meya, jakaezana no mutengo wo 1.260 o njiku. (Apokalipsi 12:6, 14) Waro kupeta kaviri 1.260 tinowana mutengo unoezana no “mikuvo munomwe” kana kuti 2.520 o njiku. 2.520 o njiku akaezana no mutengo wo 2.520 o makore ngo pamusoro po mutemo wo ciporofita wokuti “Njiku imwe inoezana no gore rimwe.”—Bziverengo 14:34; Ezekieli 4:6.
23 MIGERI ARKANJO
Gama ro kuti “arkanjo” rinoreva “mutungamiriri wo ngirozi.” Bhaibheri rinonanga arkanjo umwe basi, zve zina rake ndi Migeri.—Danieli 12:1; Juda 1:9.
Migeri mutungamiriri wo masoca a Mwari o ngirozi jakagondeka. Apokalipsi 12:7 inoti: “Migeri no ngirozi jake jakarovana no cikara ciya.” Bhuku ra Apokalipsi rinonanga kuti Mutungamiriri wo masoca a Mwari ndi Jesu, waro Migeri i zina rimweni ra Jesu.—Apokalipsi 19:14-16.
24 MAZUVA O KUPEJISIRA
Magama aya anonangira mukuvo unozovoneka zviitiko zvikuru pasi pano Umambo hwa Mwari hucito hukaparaja nyika ya Sathana. Magama akatojana aya, akadari inga “kupera ko nyika” no “kuvia ko Mwana wo Mundhu,” anoshandiswa mu zviporofita zvo Bhaibheri pa kuda kunangira mukuvo umwewo. (Mateu 24:3, 27, 37) “Njiku jokupejisira” jakatanga Umambo hwa Mwari pawakatanga kutonga kudenga, mugore ro 1914 unozopera panozoparajwa nyika ya Sathana pa Armagedhoni.—2 Timoti 3:1; 2 Pedru 3:3.
25 RUMUKO
Mwari paanomusa mundhu wakafa kuti araramezve, izvi zvinodaninjwa kuti rumuko. Mu Bhaibheri munonangwa rumuko rupfumbamwe. Eria, Erisha, Jesu, Pedhru, na Pauro vakamusa vandhu. Zvishamaiso izvi zvakaitika ngo simba ra Mwari basi. Jehovha wakagondesa kumusa vese “vanasi no vacikanasi” kuti vararame pasi pano. (Maitiro o Vapostori 24:15) Bhaibheri rinonangavo rumuko hwo vokwenda kudenga. Rumuko hwo kudenga hunoitika kuno vakasanwa, kana kuti vakazojwa, ndi Mwari pavanomuswa kuti vaende koorarama kudenga na Jesu.—Johani 5:28, 29; 11:25; VaFilipi 3:11; Apokalipsi 20:5, 6.
26 ZVOUDHIMONI (ZVOMUJIMU)
Zvoudhimoni kana zvomujimu zviito zvakashata zvo kueja kubhuisana no mujimu kamare kana kushandisa mundhu umweni, wakadari inga muroi, nyanga, kana nyamusoro. Vandhu vanoita zvo mujimu vanozviita ngo kuti ivona vanodavira jijiso jo manyepo jo kuti mujimu jo vakafa jinopokonyoka pa rufu zve jova magira anosimba maningi. Madhimoni anoejavo kuitisa kuti vandhu vatame kuzwira Mwari. Kushandisa ndhondho, kufembera, masaramuso, uroi, kudavira maninji, i zviro zvakabatana no madhimoni. Mabhuku mazinji, marevhista, mavhidhio, horóscopo (kufembera zvo kumbeji), mafoto, madhimoni, masaramuso, zvingaita inga zvinodakajisa kasike zvinokhuvaza. Zvirovejeso zvizinji zvo njaumba ngo zvo kuita mupiro kuno vakafa, kuita mbhambha, kuceukija njiku ya nyakufa, no mutango-mutango unoitihwa noni, no kueja kubhuya no madhimoni. Kazinji vandhu vanoshandisa zvinodhakwisa pavanoeja kushandisa simba ro madhimoni.—VaGalàsia 5:20; Apokalipsi 21:8.
27 UKURU-KURU HWA JEHOVHA
Jehovha ndi Mwari wo Masimba ese, zve ndiyena wakasika zvese. (Apokalipsi 15:3) Waro zviro zvese ngo zvake zve ndiyena mukuru-kuru anosimba rakakwana, ro kutonga zvisikwa zvake. (Nduyo 24:1; Isaia 40:21-23; Apokalipsi 4:11) Iyena wakadira mutemo kuno zvese zvaakarura. Jehovha ano simba ro kugaja vamweni kuti vatongevo. Tinobesera ukuru-kuru hwa Mwari tikamuda no kumuzwira.—1 Kronike 29:11.
28 KUBVISA MIMBA
Kubvisa mimba kunoithwa ngo cabomo ngo kuda kuuraya cimwana cicito cabahwa. Apana ngozi inonga yaitika kana ciri cese cinonga caitika pa muviri wo mundhu. Kubvira panotangira mimba, azvirevi kuti cimwana ici idivi rimweni ra make. Cimwana ici atori mundhu umweni.
29 KUDIHWA NGAZI
Kudihwa ngazi marapihwe anoshandiswa o kutora ngazi kana mativi marongomuna ayo yodihwa mu muviri wo mundhu yecibva ku muviri wo mundhu umweni kana ngazi yainga yakavigwa. Mativi marongomuna o ngazi anodaninjwa kuti prasma, maserura o kupsuka, maserura o kucena, no mapraketa.
30 MBHANGIRO
Mu Bhaibheri, gama ro kuti “majijisiro” asipi gama rakatojana no kupanica. Patinopangihwa, tinonga tecijijiswa, kurovejwa, kana kutoviwa. Jehovha aadhereri nee aaiti cishatihwa no vaanopekeja mbhangiro. (Mazwi Akangwara 4:1, 2) Jehovha wakagaja muezaniso wakanaka maningi kuno vabari. Mbhangiro yaanopa yakanaka maningi zvo kuti mundhu anoguma pa kuida. (Mazwi Akangwara 12:1) Jehovha anoda vandhu vake, zve anovaroveja. Iyena anovapekeja ndhungamiro jino rungamisa zvido zvakashata zve jinovabesera kuti vajije varangarire zve vaite munjira inomudakajisa. Ku vabari, mbhangiro inobatanija kubesera vana vavo kuzwisisa thangwe rinovaitisa kuti vave vanozwira. Inorevavo kuvajijisa kuti vade Jehovha, pomwe no kuda Soko rake Bhaibheri, no kuzwisisa zviambi zvaro.
31 MADHIMONI
Madhimoni aavoneki, i zvisikwa zvo kumujimu zvakashata zvinosimba maningi. Madhimoni i ngirozi jakashata. Iwona akava akashata paakajiita ega muvengi wa Mwari ngo kutama kumuzwira. (Genesi 6:2; Juda 1:6) Iwona akabatanavo pamwepo na Sathana pa kupandukira Jehovha.—Deuteronòmio 32:17; Luka 8:30; Maitiro o Vapostori 16:16; Jakobo 2:19.


text:
JW LIBRARY
Zvinhu Zvawamboverenga—Android
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Mirayiridzo inotevera ichakubatsira:
Vhura Zvawamboverenga
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Dzima Zvawaverenga
Vhura zvawamboverenga zvacho. Chibaya Clear kana uchida kuzvidzima.
Zvinhu izvi zvakatanga kushanda muna May 2014 paJW Library 1.2, iyo inoshanda paAndroid 2.3 zvichikwira. Kana usiri kuzviona, ona mirayiridzo iri papeji rakanzi “Tanga Kushandisa JW Library—Android,” pasi pemusoro wakanzi Kuti Uwane Zvitsva Zviripo.


text:
CIJIJO 18
Tingabesesa Kudini Hama Jedu Jiri mu Zvineso?
Apo ngozi jinoitika jega jinoparaja, Zvapupu zva Jehovha ngo kukasika zvinonajirira besero kuti zvipokonyore hama jazvo jiri pa nyathwa. Ndhamburiko iji jinotatija rudo hwedu hwo kadi-kadi ku umwe na umwe. (Johani 13:34, 35; 1 Johani 3:17, 18) Tinobesera munjira japi?
Tinopira pfuma yedu. Pakaitika njara huru ku Judhia, maKristu o kutanga mu Antiokia akatumira mare ku hama jawo jo kumujimu. (Maitiro o Vapostori 11:27-30) Mukufananavo, patinozwa kuti hama jedu ku divi rimweni ro nyika jiri kuwanana no zvineso, tinotumira zvipo kubva pa ungano yedu kuti tipe besero ku vaya vari mu zvineso.
Tinopa besero ro pambhene. Vakuru vari pandau yaitikaro ngozi vanopsaka hama imwe na imwe yo pa ungano kuti vave no cokwadi co kuti vese vawanika zve vakangwaririka. Cikwata co besero cingaronga kupa zvo kuha, kumwa yo kumwa yakacena, nguvo, po kugara zve besero yo mutombo. Zvapupu zvizinji pomwe no vazvipiri vanoruzivo hunodiwa mu kushandisa pfuma yavo vanonghwinira mu basa ro kubesera kana kunasirira nyumba jo kugara no Nyumba jo Umambo jakaphwanyika. Kubatana kwatinobusa inga caunga pomwe no kuziva, zvinotiita kuti tikwanise kugejerera zvinodiwa ngo kukasika pa nguva ya zvinodika. Pikija tecipa besero redu ku “vatendidoni”, tinopavo besero vamweni zvikakwanisika, pacinenyi hapo no ciara cavo.
Tinopa besero ro kumujimu no mu murangariro. Kazinji vaya vakawihwa ngo ngozi vanoda kutondhojwa. Pa nguva iji, itusu tinokhwedera zvakavanga phedo na Jehohva “Mwari wo unyarajo hwese”. (2 VaKorinto 1:3, 4) Itusu mukudakara kwese tinokovana zvigondiso zvo mubhaibheri no vacina vetero, mukuvapa cigondiso co kuti sambi-sambi Umambo hwa Mwari ucapeja ngozi jese jiri kubara kuhwajihwa no kutambujika.
Ngenyi Zvapupu zvinokwanisa kubesera ngo kukasika pa nguva yo ngozi?
Kutondhoja kwapi ko mujimu kwatingakovana no vapokonyoki?