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Mazano Okuti Mhuri Ifare
Zvamungaita Kana Mune Chikwereti
Giannis * anoti: “Bhizimisi rangu rakabhuroka panguva yainetsa zvoupfumi kuGreece, saka takanga tisisakwanisi kubhadhara zvimwe zvaidiwa nguva dzose pamba uye zvikwereti zvedu. Zvaindidya mwoyo zvokuti ndaitadza kurara.”
Katerina anoti: “Taida chaizvo imba yedu yataigara yatakanga tavaka uye zvaindirwadza kufunga kuti takanga tava kurasikirwa nayo. Ini naGiannis taigara tichipopotedzana nenyaya yokuti tobhadhara sei zvikwereti zvedu.”
CHIKWERETI chinogona kuita kuti mhuri isawirirana kana kuti iparare. Somuenzaniso, mumwe mutsvakurudzi anonzi Jeffrey Dew akaona kuti vakaroorana vane zvikwereti havanyanyi kupedza nguva yakawanda vari vose, vanogara vachingorwisana uye havafari. Vanhu vanopedza nguva yakawanda vachinetsana nenyaya dzezvikwereti nemari kupfuura zvavanoita pane dzimwewo nyaya. Kunetsana kwacho kunoitawo kuti vanhu vagare vachitukana nokurovana uye vagume vava kunetsana nedzimwewo nyaya. Saka hazvishamisi kuti muUnited States, kusawirirana panyaya dzemari ndiko kunonyanya kuita kuti vanhu varambane.
Zvikwereti zvakakura zvinokanganisawo utano hwomunhu, zvichikonzera zvirwere zvakadai sokushaya hope, kutemwa nomusoro, kurwadzirwa nomudumbu, chirwere chemwoyo uye chokushungurudzika chinonzi depression. Mumwe mukadzi anonzi Marta anoti: “Murume wangu Luís aizvidya mwoyo chaizvo nechikwereti chedu zvokuti aingoswera akarara. Akanga asisina zvaaikwanisa kuita.” Vamwe vanokurirwa nokushungurudzika kwacho. Somuenzaniso, nhepfenyuro yeBBC yakati mumwe mukadzi wokumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweIndia akazviuraya mushure mokunge atadza kubha- dhara zvikwereti zvaisvika US$840. Akanga akwereta mari yacho kuti abhadharire vana vake vaida kurapwa.
Ungaita sei kana mhuri yako iine chikwereti? Ngatimbokurukurai matambudziko anowanzosangana nevakaroorana vanenge vaine chikwereti uye mazano eBhaibheri angakubatsira kuagadzirisa.
DAMBUDZIKO ROKUTANGA: Tinonakurirana nyoka mhenyu.
Lukasz anoti: “Ndakatanga kupa mudzimai wangu mhosva ndichiti aitambisa mari, iyewo achiti mari yedu ingadai yaikwana dai ndaishanda gore rose.” Murume nomudzimai vangaita sei kuti vasanetsana nemhaka yezvikwereti?
Zvamungaita kuti mubudirire: Shandai pamwe chete kuti mubhadhare chikwereti chacho.
Kushatirirwa mumwe wako hakuna zvakunobatsira, kunyange kana ariye akaita kuti chikwereti chacho chivepo. Iyi ndiyo nguva yakanyatsokodzera yokuita zvinotaurwa muBhaibheri pana VaEfeso 4:31 iyo inoti: “Pfini dzose nokutsamwa nehasha nokupopota nokutuka ngazvibviswe kwamuri pamwe chete nezvakaipa zvose.”
Musarwisana, asi rwisai chikwereti. Mumwe murume anonzi Stephanos akarondedzera mashandiro aaiita pamwe nomudzimai wake achiti: “Taiona chikwereti chedu somuvengi wedu tose.” Kushanda pamwe chete kwakadaro kunoenderana naZvirevo 13:10 iyo inoti: “Munhu anokonzera kukakavara nokuda kwokuzvikudza, asi vaya vanorangana vane uchenjeri.” Pane kuzvikudza woedza kugadzirisa dambudziko racho woga, tauriranai muchibudirana pachena nezvedambudziko racho remari, morigadzirisa pamwe chete.
Vana venyu vanogonawo kukubatsirai. Vamwe baba vanonzi Edgardo vokuArgentina vanorondedzera zvakaitika kumhuri yavo vachiti: “Mwanakomana wangu aida bhasikoro idzva, asi takamutsanangurira kuti sei takanga tisingakwanisi kumutengera. Takamupa raimbova rasekuru vake uye ainakidzwa chaizvo nokurichovha. Ndakadzidza kuti zvinokosha kushanda pamwe chete semhuri.”
EDZAI IZVI: Rongai nguva yokutaurirana nezvechikwereti chenyu makadzikama. Bvumai pamungave makakanganisa. Asi pane kuramba muchingotaura nezvezvakatoitika, edzai kubvumirana pazvinhu zvichakubatsirai pakuronga nyaya dzemari mune ramangwana.—Pisarema 37:21; Ruka 12:15.
DAMBUDZIKO RECHIPIRI: Zvinoita sokuti tiri kutadza kubhadhara chikwereti.
“Bhizimisi rangu rakaita kuti ndipedzisire ndava nechikwereti chakakura uye kuoma kwezvoupfumi kwakaitika muArgentina kwakaita kuti zvitonyanya kuoma,” anodaro Enrique. “Panguva iyoyo mudzimai wangu aifanira kuvhiyiwa. Ndaiona sokuti ndaizoramba ndiri munhu wechikwereti, ndichiita sokunge ndabatwa mumambure edandemutande.” Mumwe murume wokuBrazil anonzi Roberto akarasikirwa nemari yake yose mubhizimisi raaiita uye akanga ava nechikwereti kumabhengi 12. Anoti: “Ndainyara chaizvo kuonana neshamwari dzangu. Ndaizviona semunhu akundikana.”
Mungaita sei kana chikwereti chenyu chichiita kuti munetseke, muzvipe mhosva uye munyare?
Zvamungaita kuti mubudirire: Onai kuti mari yenyu iri kufamba sei.
1. Zivai kuti bhajeti yenyu iri kufamba sei. Kwemavhiki maviri kana kuti mwedzi wose kana zvichiita, nyorai pasi mari yose yamuri kuwana neyamuri kushandisa. Nyoraiwo mari yamungaisa padivi mwedzi woga woga yezvinhu zvamusingagari muchibhadhara zvakadai semitero, inishuwarenzi kana kuti zvokupfeka.
2. Wedzerai mari yamunowana. Munogona kuita mabasa okuwedzera akadai sokudzidzisa vana vechikoro uri kumba, kutsvairira vanhu misha yavo, kushanda mugadheni, kurima miriwo, kuruka musoro, kugeza motokari, uye kufudza mombe nezvimwewo. Mashoko enyevero: Ngwarirai kuti basa renyu risavhiringidza zvinhu zvinonyanya kukosha zvakadai sepurogiramu yenyu yokunamata.
3. Deredzai mari yamunoshandisa. Musangotenga chinhu nokuti chiri pasero asi nokuti muri kuda kuchishandisa. (Zvirevo 21:5) Enrique ambotaurwa anoti: “Zvakanaka kusangomhanyira kutenga chimwe chinhu nokuti zvinokupa nguva yokuti uone kuti uchachishandisa here kana kuti unongochidawo hako.” Ona mamwe mazano anotevera.
- Pokugara: Kana zvichiita, tamirai muimba isingadhuri rendi. Musatambisa magetsi nemvura kuitira kuti musazobhadhara mari yakawanda.
- Zvokudya: Takurai mbuva pane kungogara muchitenga zvokudya zvakabikwa kare. Pamunotenga zvamuchabika kumba, tengai kusingadhuri. “Ndinochengetedza mari kana ndikatenga michero nemiriwo pamisika panguva yavanenge vava kuda kuvhara,” anodaro Joelma, wokuBrazil.
- Chifambiso: Tengesai motokari dzamusingashandisi, mochengetedza yamunayo pane kungomhanyira kutenga dzichangoburwa. Shandisai zvifambiso zvevoruzhinji kana kutoita zvokufamba kana zvichiita.
Kana mukaderedza mari yamunoshandisa, zvichaita kuti musare neimwe yokushandisa pane zvimwe zvinhu.
4. Ongororai chikwereti chenyu moona zvokuita. Chokutanga, onai kuti pachikwereti choga choga pane marii yechimbadzo uye kuti imarii yamunochajwa kana mukanonoka kana kutadza kubhadhara. Nyatsoongororai zvakanyorwa pamapepa emari yamunenge makwereta nokuti vamwe vanokweretesa vanoita zvechitsotsi. Somuenzaniso, vamwe vanoita zvokukweretesa vokuUnited States vakataura kuti chimbadzo chavo chaiva 24 muzana asi icho chiri 400 muzana.
Chechipiri, rongai zvikwereti zvamuchatanga kubhadhara. Munogona kutanga nokubhadhara chikwereti chine mari yechimbadzo yakawanda. Munogonawo kutanga nokupedzisa kubhadhara zvikwereti zviduku nokuti izvozvo zvinoita kuti mugamuchire bhiri rezvinhu zvishoma panopera mwedzi, zvoitawo kuti muve nechivimbo chokuti muri kubudirira. Kana muine zvikwereti zvine chimbadzo chakakura, zvingabatsira kana mukakwereta imwe mari ine chimbadzo chishoma kuti mubhadhare zvikwereti zvamagara munazvo.
Chokupedzisira, kana musingakwanisi kubhadhara chikwereti, edzai kutaurirana dzimwe nzira dzokubhadhara nadzo nevacho vamakakwereta. Munogona kukumbira kuwedzerwa mazuva okubhadhara kana kuti kudzikisirwa chimbadzo. Vamwe vakweretesi vanogona kutokuderedzerai zvikwereti kana mukavabhadhara chikwereti chiduku chose. Taurai chokwadi uye ivai noruremekedzo pamunenge muchitsanangura mamiriro ehomwe yenyu. (VaKorose 4:6; VaHebheru 13:18) Nyoreranai pasi zvamunenge mawirirana. Kana mukakumbira kokutanga zvikaramba, rambai muchingoedza.—Zvirevo 6:1-5.
Asiwo munofanira kuona zvinhu sezvazviri pamunenge muchironga mashandisiro amunoita mari. Kunyange mukaronga zvinonwisa mvura sei, pane zvinhu zvamusingagoni kudzivisa zvinogona kuita kuti zvinhu zviende musango, nokuti kazhinji mari “inomera mapapiro seegondo yobhururuka ichienda kumatenga.”—Zvirevo 23:4, 5.
EDZAI IZVI: Kana mangoronga bhajeti, tauriranai zvamungaita kuti muchengetedze mari kana kuti kuwedzera yamunowana. Pamunoona mumwe nomumwe wenyu achirwisa zvakasimba, zvinokubatsirai kuti mushandire pamwe pakurwisa chikwereti.
DAMBUDZIKO RECHITATU: Tava kungonyanya kufunga nezvechikwereti.
Kurwisana nechikwereti kunogona kuita kuti musafunga zvinhu zvinonyanya kukosha muupenyu. Mumwe murume anonzi Georgios anoti: “Dambudziko guru raiva rokuti hapana chimwe chataifunga kunze kwezvikwereti. Takanga tava kuisa zvinhu zvinokosha padivi.”
Zvamungaita kuti mubudirire: Ivai nemaonero akanaka panyaya dzemari.
Pasinei nokuti muri kuedza nepose pamunogona napo, mungapedza makore akawanda muchingobhadhara chikwereti. Panguva iyi, munogona kugadzirisa maonero enyu. Pane kunyanya kufunga nezvemari kana kuishaya kwatingava tichiita, zvakanaka kuti titeerere zano reBhaibheri rokuti: “Kana tiine zvokudya nezvokupfeka nepokugara, tichagutsikana nezvinhu izvi.”—1 Timoti 6:8
Kugutsikana nemari yamunayo kunoita kuti “muve nechokwadi chokuti zvinhu zvinokosha kupfuura zvimwe ndezvipi.” (VaFiripi 1:10) “Zvinhu zvinokosha kupfuura zvimwe” zvinosanganisira ushamwari hwenyu naMwari uye nevemumhuri menyu. Georgios ambotaurwa anoti: “Hatisati tapedza kubhadhara zvikwereti zvedu asi handizvo zvatichiri kunyanya kufunga muupenyu hwedu. Ini nomudzimai wangu tava kufara nokuti tiri kuwana nguva yakawanda tichiita zvinhu zvokunamata, nevana vedu uye somurume nomudzimai.”
EDZAI IZVI: Nyorai pasi zvinhu zvinokosha kwamuri zvisingagoni kutengwa nemari. Zvadaro rongai kuti mungawedzera sei nguva nesimba ramunopedza muchiita chimwe nechimwe chezvinhu izvozvo.
Zvikwereti zvinoita kuti munhu azvidye mwoyo uye kuzvibhadhara kunoda kuzvipira, asi munenge muchishandira zviripo. Mumwe murume anonzi Andrzej wokuPoland anoti: “Pandakaziva kuti mudzimai wangu akanga asainira mumwe mukadzi waaishanda naye kuti apiwe chikwereti chakakura, mukadzi wacho achibva atiza asina kuchibhadhara, zvinhu hazvina kuzombomira zvakanaka mumba medu.” Paanofunga zvaakaita nomudzimai wake, Andrzej anoti: “Takatowedzera kubatana, kwete nokuti taiva nedambudziko asi nokuti takaita maonerapamwe kuti tirigadzirise.”
^ ndima 3 Mamwe mazita ari munyaya ino akachinjwa.
^ ndima 17 Kana uchida mamwe mazano, ona Awake! yaSeptember 2011 ine musoro unoti: “How to Manage Money,” kana kuti nyaya inoti “Zvaungaita Kuti Urarame Zvinoenderana Nehomwe Yako” iri muNharireyomurindi yaJune 1, 2011, dzakabudiswa neZvapupu zvaJehovha.
ZVIBVUNZE KUTI . . .
- Ndingaita sei kuti mhuri yangu ikwanise kubhadhara chikwereti?
- Tingaita sei kuti tisagara tichifunga nezvechikwereti uye kuti chisakanganisa ukama hwangu newandakaroorana naye?
Inzwa zvimwe
MIBVUNZO YEBHAIBHERI INOPINDURWA
Matambudziko Emari Uye Zvikwereti
—Bhaibheri Rinogona Kubatsira Here?
Mufaro hautengwi nemari, asi mazano mana anodzidziswa neBhaibheri anogona kukubatsira pakushandisa mari.


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CC3200 WiFi Module Description
CC3200 WiFi module ane low-simba 802.11 b / g / N module, rakagadzirirwa kuti zvinangwa zvibudire Wireless zvakarukwa kudyidzana midzi system.Users vanogona batanidza zano mumuviri mumwe WiFi samambure achishandisa CC3200 WiFi module, kuti pakuziva kuzvidzora uye kurapa IOT.
The Hardware pamusoro CC3200 WiFi module ari revatema pamwe Mac, baseband Chip, RF transceiver chikwata uye simba gudzazwi. CC3200 WiFi module kunobva CC3200 Chip pamusoro TI boka, ine maindasitiri ruoko Cortex-M4 pokupedzisira, Ultra-pasi simba nokushanda mashandiro uye inoyerera kakawanda pakati 80 MHZ. CC3200 WiFi module inotsigira WiFi dzakati uye TCP / IP protocol.User anogona kuzadzisa mashandiro UART mano unobatanidza kuti Internet nyore configuration.
CC3200 WiFi module ane diki saizi, saka zviri nyore kuti weld CC3200 WiFi module mu Hardware redunhu. Uye CC3200 WiFi module ane womukati kanyanga shanduro uye zvokunze kanyanga shanduro, vanoshandisa angasarudza womukati kanyanga kana kwokunze kanyanga.
CC3200 WiFi Module Rinoshanda
1. CC3200 WiFi module Inogona kushanda vose AP muoti uye STA muoti.
2. CC3200 WiFi module inotsigira Chigadziko kukurukura Links, TCP / UDP hutachiwana, HTTPD Client, WEB nezvigadziko uye SSL Client kutaurirana. Uye pane ina zviruva kusanganisira TCP Server, TCP Client, UDP Server uye UDP Client muna TCP / UDP hutachiwana muoti.
3. CC3200 WiFi module inotsigira UART yedzimudzangara, anogona kushandisa AT mirayiro kuti kuchengera nokuchinja.
CC3200 WiFi Module Application
Gore kubatana, musha kushandisa michina, mhuri midziyo yemagetsi, kuwana kuzvidzora, kuchengeteka hurongwa, akangwara simba, Internet kepagedhi, maindasitiri kuzvidzora, akangwara panosangana bhokisi, chiridzwa metering, Wireless makaseti zvakarukwa Switch node.

robotstxt: allowed

filter: keep


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Mukaka
Mukaka (milk in English) inowanikwa pamhuka dziri pamupanda wedzinoyamwisa. Mukaka unodyiwa nevanhu unokamwa pamombe kana pambudzi. Mombe inokamiwa mukaka panguva yokunge iine mhuru.
Jinya kana majinya (Piece of a curd) kureva horakora remukaka.
Zvinogadzirwa neMukaka[chinja | edit source]
Mukaka unogadziriswa zvinhu zvakawanda zvinosanganisira: yoghurt; cheese; butter; ice cream; milk chocolate nezvimwe zvinwiwa nzvekubikisa.
Kana mukaka uchinge wakodzekwa unoita ruwomba pasi pacho paine mutuvi kana kuti mvura. Ruwomba runoshandiswa ruchidyiwa rwakadaro kana kugadzira butter, cheese nezvimwewo.
Mukaka WaAmai[chinja | edit source]
Munhukadzi kana asununguka mwana mazamu (breasts) anoburitsa mukaka weanonwisa mwana. Vanoita zvehutano vanokurudzira kuti mwana anwe mukaka uyu kusvika pagore nemwedzi mitanhatu nekuti mumukaka uyu munowanikwa zvese zvinodiwa pakuti mwana akure zvakanaka. Vakadzi vanosununguka vana vaine chirwere cheshuramatongo (HIV) havakurudzirwe kuyamwisa mwana nekuti vanokwanisa kutapurira hutachiwana kumwana nenzira iyi.
Tsika[chinja | edit source]
- Kurera imbwa nemukaka mangwana inofuma yokuruma.
- Mukaka uri kugabha-gabha uri muhwedza (milk pail). Vamwe vanoti hamiro kana mutumba??. Kune zita reemhuri rinonzi Mutumba.
- Mukaka uchangokamwa unonzi manza yemukaka - fresh milk - uyu mukaka unozipa.
- Mbote (Very thick sour milk) apa kureva mahorakora.
- Mutadza (butter milk).
- Gacha (long calabash for carrying milk and food). Kune zita remhuri rinonzi Magacha.
- Kunyengura (to skim; skim off).


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CHITSAUKO 3
Chinangwa chaMwari Nokuda Kwenyika Ndechei?
Chinangwa chaMwari nokuda kwevanhu ndechei?
Mwari akadenhwa sei?
Upenyu panyika huchange hwakaita sei munguva yemberi?
1. Chinangwa chaMwari nokuda kwenyika ndechei?
CHINANGWA chaMwari nokuda kwenyika chinoshamisa zvechokwadi. Jehovha anoda kuti nyika izare nevanhu vanofara, vane utano hwakanaka. Bhaibheri rinotaura kuti “Mwari akagadzira munda muEdheni” uye kuti “akameresa miti yose inoyevedza . . . yakanakira kudya.” Pashure pokunge Mwari asika murume nomukadzi vokutanga, Adhamu naEvha, akavaisa mumusha iwoyo wakanaka zvikuru akavaudza kuti: “Berekai muwande, muzadze nyika, muikurire.” (Genesisi 1:28; 2:8, 9, 15) Naizvozvo chinangwa chaMwari chaiva chokuti vanhu vave nevana, vawedzere ukuru hweparadhiso iyoyo kuti ive munyika yose, uye kuti vatarisire mhuka.
2. (a) Tinoziva sei kuti chinangwa chaMwari nokuda kwenyika chichazadziswa? (b) Bhaibheri rinotii nezvokurarama kwevanhu nokusingaperi?
2 Unofunga kuti chinangwa chaJehovha Mwari nokuda kwevanhu kuti vagare muparadhiso pasi pano chichazombozadziswa here? “Ndakazvitaura,” Mwari anozivisa kudaro, “ndichazviitawo.” (Isaya 46:9-11; 55:11) Chokwadi, zvinoitwa chinangwa naMwari, achazviitawo! Anoti ‘haana kungosika nyika pasina’ asi “akaiumba kuti igarwe.” (Isaya 45:18) Mwari aida kuti panyika pagarwe nevanhu vakaita sei? Uye aida kuti vagare pano kwenguva yakareba sei? Bhaibheri rinopindura kuti: “Vakarurama vachagara nhaka yenyika, vachagara mairi nokusingaperi.”—Pisarema 37:29; Zvakazarurwa 21:3, 4.
3. Iye zvino panyika pane mamiriro api ezvinhu anosiririsa, uye izvi zvinomutsa mibvunzo ipi?
3 Zviri pachena kuti izvi hazvisati zvaitika. Iye zvino vanhu vanorwara uye vanofa; vanotorwisana uye vanourayana. Chimwe chinhu chakakanganisika. Kunyange zvakadaro, chokwadi Mwari haana kuita chinangwa chokuti nyika ive sezvatinoiona iri mazuva ano! Chii chakaitika? Nei chinangwa chaMwari chisina kuzadzika? Hapana bhuku rezvakaitika kare rakanyorwa nomunhu rinogona kutiudza nokuti dambudziko racho rakatangira kudenga.
KUTANGA KWAKAITA MUVENGI
4, 5. (a) Ndiani chaizvoizvo akataura naEvha achishandisa nyoka? (b) Munhu aimbova akanaka, akatendeseka angava sei mbavha?
4 Bhuku rokutanga reBhaibheri rinotiudza nezvomushori waMwari akaoneka mumunda weEdheni. Anotsanangurwa se“nyoka,” asi akanga asiri mhukawo zvayo. Bhuku rokupedzisira reBhaibheri rinomuzivisa so‘uya anonzi Dhiyabhorosi uye Satani, ari kutsausa nyika yose inogarwa.’ Anonziwo “nyoka yepakutanga.” (Genesisi 3:1; Zvakazarurwa 12:9) Iyi ngirozi ine simba, kana kuti chisikwa chomudzimu chisingaoneki, yakashandisa nyoka kutaura naEvha, kungofanana nenyanzvi inogona kuita kuti zviite sokuti inzwi rayo riri kubuda muchidhori chiri pedyo. Hapana mubvunzo kuti munhu iyeyo womudzimu akanga aripo Mwari paakagadzirira vanhu nyika.—Jobho 38:4, 7.
5 Zvisinei, zvisikwa zvaJehovha zvose zvazvakakwana, ndiani akaita “Dhiyabhorosi,” uyu, “Satani” uyu? Zvichitaurwa nenzira iri nyore, mumwe wevanakomana vaMwari vomudzimu ane simba akazviita Dhiyabhorosi. Izvi zvakaitika sei? Mazuva ano, tinofanira kuziva kuti munhu aimbova akanaka uye akatendeseka angava mbavha. Izvozvo zvinoitika sei? Munhu wacho angabvumira kuti chido chakaipa chitange mumwoyo make. Kana akaramba achifunga nezvacho, chido chakaipa ichocho chingasimba kwazvo. Saka kana pakava nomukana, angaita maererano nechido chacho chakaipa chaave achifunga nezvacho.—Jakobho 1:13-15.
6. Mwanakomana waMwari womudzimu aiva nesimba akava sei Satani Dhiyabhorosi?
6 Izvi zvakaitika kuna Satani Dhiyabhorosi. Zviri pachena kuti akanzwa Mwari achiudza Adhamu naEvha kuti vave nevana uye kuti vazadze nyika nevana vavo. (Genesisi 1:27, 28) ‘Chokwadi, vanhu vose ava vanganamata ini panzvimbo paMwari!’ Zviri pachena kuti Satani akafunga kudaro. Naizvozvo chido chakaipa chakatanga mumwoyo make. Pakupedzisira, akanyengera Evha nokumuudza nhema pamusoro paMwari. (Genesisi 3:1-5) Saka akabva ava “Dhiyabhorosi,” zvinoreva kuti “Mucheri.” Panguva iyoyowo, akava “Satani,” zvinoreva kuti “Mushori.”
7. (a) Nei Adhamu naEvha vakafa? (b) Nei vana vaAdhamu vose vachikwegura, vofa?
7 Nokushandisa nhema uye unyengeri, Satani Dhiyabhorosi akaita kuti Adhamu naEvha varege kuteerera Mwari. (Genesisi 2:17; 3:6) Saka ivo vakazofa, sezvakanga zvataurwa naMwari kuti vaizoita kana vakasateerera. (Genesisi 3:17-19) Adhamu zvaakava asina kukwana paakaita chivi, vana vake vose vakaberekwa vaine chivi chakabva kwaari. (VaRoma 5:12) Mamiriro acho ezvinhu angaenzanisirwa nepani inoshandiswa kubikira chingwa. Kana pani yacho yakabofoka, chii chinoitika kuchingwa chimwe nechimwe chinobikirwa mupani yacho? Chingwa chacho chimwe nechimwe chinenge chakabofoka, kana kuti chakakanganisika. Saizvozvowo, munhu mumwe nomumwe akaberekwa aine “kubofoka” kwokusakwana kwakabva kuna Adhamu. Ndokusaka vanhu vose vachikwegura, vofa.—VaRoma 3:23.
8, 9. (a) Sezviri pachena, Satani akapomerei Mwari? (b) Nei Mwari asina kubva angoparadza vapanduki vacho?
8 Satani paakaita kuti Adhamu naEvha vatadzire Mwari, zvechokwadi akanga achitungamirira pakupanduka. Akanga achishora matongero aJehovha. Chaizvoizvo, Satani akanga achiti: ‘Mwari mutongi akaipa. Anoreva nhema uye anonyima vanhu vaanotonga zvinhu zvakanaka. Vanhu havafaniri havo kutongwa naMwari. Vanogona kuzvisarudzira chakanaka nechakaipa. Uye vachabudirira ndichivatonga ini.’ Mwari aizoita sei nokupomerwa kunozvidza zvakadaro? Vamwe vanofunga kuti Mwari aifanira kudai akangouraya vapanduki vacho. Asi izvozvo zvingadai zvakapindura kupomera kwaSatani here? Zvingadai zvakabudisa pachena here kuti matongero aMwari akarurama?
9 Kururamisira kwaJehovha kwakakwana kwaisazomubvumira kubva angouraya vapanduki vacho. Akasarudza kuti nguva yaidiwa kuti apindure kupomera kwaSatani nenzira inogutsa uye kuratidza kuti Dhiyabhorosi murevi wenhema. Saka Mwari akasarudza kuti aizobvumira vanhu kuti vazvitonge kwenguva yakati vachitungamirirwa naSatani. Chikonzero nei Jehovha akaita izvozvo uye nei akabvumira kuti nguva yakareba kudai ipfuure asati agadzirisa nyaya idzi zvichakurukurwa muChitsauko 11 chebhuku rino. Zvisinei, iye zvino zvakanaka kufunga nezveizvi: Adhamu naEvha vakanga vakarurama here kuti vadavire Satani, uyo asina kana chakanaka chaakanga avaitira? Zvakanga zvakarurama here kuti vadavire kuti Jehovha, uyo akanga avapa zvinhu zvose zvavaiva nazvo, aiva murevi wenhema ane utsinye? Iwe ungadai wakaitei?
10. Ungatsigira sei Jehovha pakupindura kupomera kwaSatani?
10 Zvakanaka kuti tifunge nezvemibvunzo iyi nokuti mumwe nomumwe wedu anotarisana nenyaya dzakafanana mazuva ano. Chokwadi, une mukana wokutsigira Jehovha pakupindura kupomera kwaSatani. Unogona kubvuma Jehovha soMutongi wako, wobatsira kuratidza kuti Satani murevi wenhema. (Pisarema 73:28; Zvirevo 27:11) Zvinosuruvarisa kuti vashomanana chete pamabhiriyoni evanhu vari munyika ino vanosarudza kudaro. Izvi zvinomutsa mubvunzo unokosha wokuti, Chaizvoizvo Bhaibheri rinodzidzisa kuti Satani ari kutonga nyika ino here?
NDIANI ARI KUTONGA NYIKA INO?
11, 12. (a) Kuedzwa kwakaitwa Jesu kunoratidza sei kuti Satani ndiye mutongi wenyika ino? (b) Ndezvipi zvimwe zvinoratidza kuti Satani ndiye mutongi wenyika ino?
11 Jesu haana kumbopikisa kuti Satani ndiye mutongi wenyika ino. Nenzira inoshamisa, Satani akamboratidza Jesu “umambo hwose hwenyika nokubwinya kwahwo.” Satani akabva avimbisa Jesu kuti: “Ndichakupa zvinhu zvose izvi kana ukawira pasi wongondinamata kamwe chete.” (Mateu 4:8, 9; Ruka 4:5, 6) Funga nezveizvi. Kupa Jesu izvozvo kungadai kwaiva muedzo here kudai Satani akanga asiri mutongi woumambo uhwu? Jesu haana kuramba kuti hurumende dzose idzi dzenyika dzaiva dzaSatani. Chokwadi, Jesu angadai akaita izvozvo kudai Satani akanga asiri simba raiva seri kwadzo.
12 Zvechokwadi, Jehovha ndiMwari wemasimbaose, Musiki wezvinhu zvose zvinoshamisa. (Zvakazarurwa 4:11) Asi, hapana apo Bhaibheri rinotaura kuti Jehovha Mwari kana kuti Jesu Kristu ndiye mutongi wenyika ino. Chokwadi, Jesu akataura zvakananga nezvaSatani so“mutongi wenyika ino.” (Johani 12:31; 14:30; 16:11) Bhaibheri rinototaura nezvaSatani Dhiyabhorosi sa“mwari wemamiriro ezvinhu epanguva ino.” (2 VaKorinde 4:3, 4) Nezvomushori uyu, kana kuti Satani, Johani, muapostora wechiKristu akanyora kuti: “Nyika yose iri musimba reakaipa.”—1 Johani 5:19.
KUBVISWA KUCHAITWA NYIKA YASATANI
13. Nei nyika itsva ichidiwa?
13 Gore roga roga, nyika iri kuramba ichiva nengozi. Iri kuzadzwa nemauto anorwisana, vezvematongerwo enyika vasina kutendeseka, vatungamiriri vezvitendero vanonyengera, uye matsotsi emakoko. Nyika yose zvayo haichagadzirisiki. Bhaibheri rinoratidza kuti nguva yava pedyo apo Mwari achabvisa nyika yakaipa muhondo yake yeAmagedhoni. Nyika ino ichatsiviwa nenyika itsva yakarurama.—Zvakazarurwa 16:14-16.
14. Mwari akasarudza ani kuti ave Mutongi woUmambo Hwake, uye izvi zvakafanotaurwa sei?
14 Jehovha Mwari akasarudza Jesu Kristu kuti ave Mutongi woUmambo Hwake hwokudenga, kana kuti hurumende. Kare kare, Bhaibheri rakafanotaura kuti: “Takazvarirwa Mwana, takapiwa Mwanakomana; umambo huchava papfudzi rake; zita rake richanzi . . . Muchinda worugare. Kukura kwoumambo hwake nekworugare hazvina mugumo.” (Isaya 9:6, 7, Bhaibheri muNdimi yeUnion Shona nomunyorero mutsva) Nezvehurumende iyi, Jesu akadzidzisa vateveri vake kunyengetera kuti: “Umambo hwenyu ngahuuye. Kuda kwenyu ngakuitwe panyika, sezvakunoitwa kudenga.” (Mateu 6:10) Sezvatichaona gare gare mubhuku rino, Umambo hwaMwari huchakurumidza kubvisa hurumende dzose dzenyika ino, uye ihwo huchadzitsiva dzose zvadzo. (Dhanieri 2:44) Panguva iyoyo Umambo hwaMwari huchaita kuti nyika ive paradhiso.
NYIKA ITSVA YAVA PEDYO!
15. “Nyika itsva” chii?
15 Bhaibheri rinotivimbisa kuti: “Kune matenga matsva nenyika itsva zvatakamirira maererano nezvaakapikira [iye Mwari], uye kururama kuchagara mazviri.” (2 Petro 3:13; Isaya 65:17) Dzimwe nguva Bhaibheri parinotaura nezve“nyika,” rinenge richitaura vanhu vanogara panyika. (Genesisi 11:1) Saka “nyika itsva” yakarurama vanhu vanofarirwa naMwari.
16. Ndechipi chipo chinokosha zvikuru chinobva kuna Mwari chichapiwa vaya vaanofarira, uye tinofanira kuitei kuti tichiwane?
16 Jesu akapikira kuti munyika itsva iri kuuya, vaya vanofarirwa naMwari vachawana chipo cho“upenyu husingaperi.” (Mako 10:30) Tapota vhura Bhaibheri rako pana Johani 3:16 uye 17:3, uverenge zvakataurwa naJesu kuti tinofanira kuita kuti tiwane upenyu husingaperi. Zvino chifunga kubva muBhaibheri zvikomborero zvichawanikwa nevaya vanonzi vakakodzera kuwana chipo ichocho chinoshamisa chinobva kuna Mwari muParadhiso yepasi pano iri kuuya.
17, 18. Tingava sei nechokwadi chokuti kwose kwose panyika kuchange kuine rugare uye kuchengeteka?
17 Uipi, hondo, kuparwa kwemhosva, uye chisimba zvichange zvisisipo. “Munhu akaipa haazovipozve . . . Asi vanyoro ndivo vachagara nhaka yenyika.” (Pisarema 37:10, 11) Rugare ruchavapo nokuti ‘Mwari achagumisa hondo kusvikira kumugumo wenyika.’ (Pisarema 46:9; Isaya 2:4) Panguva iyoyo “munhu akarurama achamera, uye rugare rukuru ruchavapo kusvikira mwedzi usisipo”—uye izvozvo zvinoreva kuti nokusingaperi!—Pisarema 72:7.
18 Vanamati vaJehovha vachagara vakachengeteka. Chero bedzi vaIsraeri vaiteerera Mwari munguva inotaurwa muBhaibheri, vaigara vakachengeteka. (Revhitiko 25:18, 19) Zvichava zvakanaka zvikuru sei kuva vakachengeteka zvakafanana muParadhiso!—Isaya 32:18; Mika 4:4.
19. Nei tichiziva kuti zvokudya zvichange zvakawanda munyika itsva yaMwari?
19 Hapazovi nokushomeka kwezvokudya. “Panyika pachava nezviyo zvizhinji kwazvo,” akaimba kudaro munyori wepisarema. “Zvichafashukira pamusoro pemakomo.” (Pisarema 72:16) Jehovha Mwari achakomborera vanhu vake vakarurama, uye “nyika ichabereka zvibereko zvayo.”—Pisarema 67:6.
20. Nei tingava nechokwadi chokuti nyika yose ichava paradhiso?
20 Nyika yose ichava paradhiso. Misha mitsva yakanaka chaizvo uye mapaki zvichagadzirwa panyika yakanga yamboparadzwa nevanhu vane zvivi. (Isaya 65:21-24; Zvakazarurwa 11:18) Sezvo nguva inopfuura, zvikamu zvenyika zvinenge zvatokurirwa zvichawedzera kusvikira nyika yose yanaka uye yava kubereka zvibereko kufanana nomunda weEdheni. Uye Mwari haazombokundikani ‘kuvhura ruoko rwake, ogutsa zvinodiwa nezvinhu zvipenyu zvose.’—Pisarema 145:16.
21. Chii chinoratidza kuti vanhu nemhuka zvichange zviine rugare?
21 Vanhu nemhuka zvichava norugare. Mhuka dzomusango nezvipfuwo zvichafura pamwe chete. Kunyange kamwana hakazotyi mhuka dzine ngozi iye zvino.—Isaya 11:6-9; 65:25.
22. Chii chichaitika kuzvirwere?
22 Zvirwere zvichanyangarika. SoMutongi woUmambo hwaMwari hwokudenga, Jesu acharapa vanhu zvakanyanya kupfuura zvaakaita paaiva pasi pano. (Mateu 9:35; Mako 1:40-42; Johani 5:5-9) Panguva iyoyo “Hakuna mugari wemo achati: ‘Ndiri kurwara.’”—Isaya 33:24; 35:5, 6.
23. Nei rumuko ruchizoita kuti mwoyo yedu ifare?
23 Vadiwa vakafa vachadzoswa kuupenyu vaine tarisiro yokusazombofazve. Vose vaya vakarara murufu vanoyeukwa naMwari vachadzoswa kuupenyu. Zvechokwadi, “kuchava nokumuka kwevakarurama nevasina kururama.”—Mabasa 24:15; Johani 5:28, 29.
24. Unonzwa sei nezvokugara muParadhiso pasi pano?
24 Chokwadi iyoyo inguva yemberi inoshamisa yakamirira vaya vanosarudza kudzidza nezvoMusiki wedu Mukuru, Jehovha Mwari, uye vanosarudza kumushumira! Paakavimbisa mutadzi akafira pedyo naye kuti: “Uchava neni muParadhiso,” Jesu akanga achitaura nezveParadhiso yepasi pano iri kuuya. (Ruka 23:43) Zvinokosha kuti tidzidze zvakawanda nezvaJesu Kristu, uyo achashandiswa kuita kuti tiwane zvikomborero zvose izvi.


text:
Mubatanidzwa weNyika Pasirose
Sangano reMubatanidzwa weNyika Pasirose (nechirungu United Nations) (MNP-UN) isangano rinokotsvanidza nyika dziri pasirose; sangano iri rakaumbwa mugore 1945 zvichitevera kupera kweHondo yePasirose yeChipiri. Sangano iri rine zvinangwa zvina zvinoti:
- Kuchengetedza runyararo Pasirose.
- Kukurudzira kuwadzana pakati pemarudzi nenyika pasirose.
- Kubatsira marudzi nenyika kushanda pamwechete nechinangwa chokupedza:hurombo; nzara; zvirwere; nekusadzidza, uye kururudzira kuremekedzana pakati pemarudzi nevanhu panhau dzine chokuita nekodzero dzevanhu nerusununguko rwevanhu.
- Kuva muzinda unoringanisa nokuyananisa mabasa anoitwa nemarudzi nenyika kuti vakunde pazvinangwa zviri pamusoro izvi.
Muzinda weUnited Nations uri kuNew York, United States of America.


text:
Vision Laser Kucheka Machine nokuda Sublimation Fabric
Features
Collocation
Tech Specs
Models
Material & Application
mhinduro
chikumbiro
Laser Cutting Machine
pamwe Intelligent High-nokukurumidza Nomazvo kushanda pakuvheneka Vision System
Model No .: CJGV-160200LD + 100AF
How Vision System Works
?????? > Cameras atarise jira munguva conveyor mberi, zvikavengwa kuziva akadhindwa mapatani gandiwa kana kurohwa / plaids kana kunhonga akadhindwa kunyoresa mavanga, uye kutumira achicheka ruzivo kuti Laser nokuveza Machine . Izvi rinodzokorora mushure muchina apedzerana kucheka kuitika okukohwa hwindo. The yose muitiro iri zvoga chose.
?? > Maitiro Izvi zvinogona chakatorwa pamusoro Laser vematombo chero miganhu; chete chinhu icho kunoenderana aricheke upamhi inhamba Camera.
?? > Zvichienderana pamusoro zvaida nokuveza zvakarurama nhamba makamera achawedzerwa / ungaderedza. Nokuti vakawanda dzinoshanda mafomu, 90cm pakati aricheke upamhi kunoda 1 kamera.
Vision System Description
???? The Vision System iri-software / Hardware mhinduro rakagadzirirwa kuti rione / kuchinja chimiro uye nzvimbo mapatani maererano micheka yakavakirwa Manyiminya pamutemo. The gadziriro revatema pamwe rokutema michina uye anopa kusanduka kuitwa siyana mafomu (mbatya, kushambadza, mireza, nenguvo, motokari, avhiyesheni, upholstery, etc.).Software Rinoshanda
1. nhunzi (Automatic gandiwa dzokubudisa) 3. Stripes / Plaids enzanirana (hwakarongwa jira zvechinguvana enzanirana)
2. Registration Marks kunangiswa 4. Chekai Pano (mugari muenzaniso zvechinguvana making)
Format akatsigira
Gerber (* .zip *. Tmp) Lectra (* .plx, * .iba, * .vet), Assyst (kunouyisa, * .zip), Investronic (* .exp), * .dxf, * .jpg, *. bmp, * .png, HPGL (* .plt), ISO-CutAdvantages
• kuonekwa kuti micheka akadhindwa zvakananga kubva mabhanzi, asina kugadzirira. High nemazvo kuonekwa.
• Fully kwangoitwa muitiro, pasina Chinyorwa kupindira.
• nemanyorerwo Large ichibhururuka kuzivikanwa. Asingasviki 5 masekonzi kuti kushanda pakuvheneka rose okurwadzisa hwindo.
• Good rwokutema Graphics dzakaoma. Nokuti dzakanaka uye hwakadzama Graphics, usashandisa vanokwanisa kusvina yepakutanga Graphics maererano nezvenzvimbo kunyoresa mavanga uye ipapo achicheka.
• Good rwokutema Stretch micheka. Kucheka unopinza chakachena, nyoro, mvere, otomatiki chisimbiso.
Vision Laser Kucheka Machine Features
• Full simbi nomoto mamiriro. High rakavimbika.
• Half kubhururuka Manyiminya nzira. High nokuveza Kasira, mukuru kunyatsoshanda.
• Top muchiso inofamba gwaro njanji uye bhandi. High unongotaura.
• Vaine yepamusoro kamera, akatungamirira rambi, kudzora cabinet uye encoder.
• Vacuum conveyor kushanda pachikuva chendangariro nokuveza zvinhu sandara adsorption
• Top uye nechepasi netesa nehurongwa
-------------------------------------------------- -------------
Vision Laser Kucheka Machine Demo & Photo
CO2 Flatbed Laser Kucheka Machine Zvingakudetsera Configuration
Zvinoshanda Materials uye Industries
• mbatya, mitambo Jerseys, kuchovha nguvo, hockey Jersey, chikwata yunifomu, digitaalinen akadhindwa Whitehead Textile, sublimation jira
• dzinovhunura & plaids zvipfeko, masutu, Shirts, madhirezi
• Fabric pamwe yokudzokorora. Visual Motifs, swimwear
• Arabesquitic hwokusanyara mabhegi, sutukezi, pasofa, upholstery , chitoyi, mitambo shangu
• Banners, mireza, vinyl, polyester uye zvose akadhindwa nyoro signage
<< Verenga More pamusoro Vision Laser Cutting Zvandakashanda
1. On nhunzi - guru Manyorerwo kuzivikanwa enderera nokuveza
Basa iri riri kuti hwakarongwa jira chaizvo Positioning uye okurwadzisa. Somuenzaniso, kuburikidza digitaalinen kudhinda, Graphics siyana akadhindwa ari jira. In haizopereri pamusoro Positioning uye nokuveza, mashoko zvinhu rakatorwa ne mukuru-nokukurumidza maindasitiri kamera (CCD) , software akangwara kuzivikanwa akavhara rokunze gandiwa Graphics, ipapo kwaita zvinowanisa nokuveza nzira kupera okurwadzisa. Pasina kudikanwa kupindira kwevanhu, unogona kubudirira kuramba pamutemo nokuveza yose mupumburu akadhindwa micheka.
Kureva hombe Manyorerwo kutarisana pamutemo hurongwa, usashandisa vapiwa vanoziva gandiwa yomufananidzo nguvo, uye ipapo kwangoitwa gandiwa kucheka Graphics, saka kuona nokuveza yakarurama jira.
Mukana gandiwa kuonekwa
- No waiti chepakutanga Graphics mafaira
- Zvakananga wanikidza rwakapetwa akadhindwa micheka
- Automatic pasina Chinyorwa kupindira
- Kuzivikanwa mukati 5 masekonzi pamusoro nokuveza nharaunda yose
2. Printed Marks Cutting
Ichi nokuveza zvemichina rinoshanda kune dzakasiyana-siyana mapatani uye azoti zvakarurama okurwadzisa. Kunyanya akakodzera otomatiki kuramba pakudhinda zvipfeko gandiwa okurwadzisa. Marker pfungwa Positioning kucheka hapana muenzaniso saizi kana chimiro kurambidzwa. Positioning awo chete chokuita mbiri Marker pfungwa. Pashure mbiri Marker pfungwa kuziva nzvimbo, pamanyorerwo yose Graphics zvinogona chaizvoizvo kuchekwa. (Ona: urongwa mitemo inofanira kuva zvakafanana nomumwe nemanyorerwo ari kwakajeka Automatic dzichichera chinoramba nokuveza, kuti vakagadzirira pamwe dzichifura maitiro..)
Mukana akadhindwa zvinoratidza kuonekwa
- High nemazvo
- Unlimited nokuti kure pakati muenzaniso yakadhindwa
- Unlimited wokudhinda magadzirirwo uye mamiriro ruvara
- Muripo kubva kugadzira zvinhu deformation
3. dzinovhunura uye Plaids Kucheka
CCD kamera, riri kuiswa shure nokuveza mubhedha, anogona kuziva zvinhu mashoko akadai kurohwa kana plaids maererano ruvara musiyano. The nesting Hurongwa anogona kuita otomatiki nesting maererano graphical ruzivo kuzivikanwa uye akatema zvidimbu chinodiwa. Uye anogona kuchinja chinja zvidimbu angled kudzivisa kurohwa kana plaids kukanganisa pamusoro dzichifura rikurumidze. Mushure nesting, purojekita kuti emit chiedza dzvuku unotara nokuveza miganhu zvokuvakisa calibration.
4. Square Cutting
Kana chete vanofanira kucheka mativi uye rectangle, kana usina mukuru zvinodiwa pamusoro kutema zvakarurama, unogona kusarudza pazasi hurongwa.
Basa kuyerera: diki kamera ukaona kudhinda mavanga uye ipapo Laser akagura pachivara / rectangle.
<< Verenga More pamusoro Vision Laser Cutting Solution


text:
CIPAUKO 5
Muripo—Cipo Cikuru Ca Mwari
1, 2. (a) Cicinyi cinoitisa kuti cipo cive cinomutengo mukuru kwamuri? (b) Ngenyi muripo icipo cinomutengo mukuru ca Mwari?
CIPO capi cikuru camakamboashira? Cipo acidikani kuva cinodhura maningi kuti cive co mutengo mukuru kwamuri. Cipo pacinomudakajisa kana cikava camaida kamare, imwimwi munobongesea ngo ndava yaco.
2 Pa zvipo zvizinji zvatakapuwa ndi Mwari, kuno cipo cimwe basi catinoda maningi kupinda zvese. I cipo cikuru ca Mwari kuno vandhu. Mu cipauko cino, tinozojija kuti Jehovha wakatuma Mwana wake, Jesu Kristu, kuti tikwanise kurarama no kucingaperi. (Verenganyi Mateu 20:28.) Ngo kutuma Jesu pasi pano inga muripo, Jehovha wakatatija kuti anorudo na itusu.
I CINYI MURIPO?
3. Ngenyi vandhu vanofa?
3 Muripo injira ya Jehovha yo kupokonyora vandhu mu ushaishi no rufu. (VaEfeso 1:7) Kuti tizwisise kuti ngenyi muripo waidikana, tinodikana kuziva zvakaitika pa zviuru zvo makore akapera mu munda wo Edheni. Vabari vedu vo kutanga, Adhamu na Evha, vakashaisha. Ngo pamusoro po kushaisha, ivona vakafa. Itusu tinofavo ngokuti takagara utaka hwo ushaishi hwa Adhamu na Evha.—Vonanyi Masoko o Kupejisira civerengo 9.
4. Adhamu wainga ani, zve wainga nenyi?
4 Jehovha paakarura mundhu wo kutanga, Adhamu, wakamupa ciro cinosisira maningi. Iyena wakapa Adhamu upenyu hwakakwana. Iyena wainga no murangariro no muviri wakakwana. Iyena aacaizohwajepi, aacaizoitepi harahwa, nee aacaizofepi. Zvecivoneka kuti Jehovha wakarura Adhamu, Iyena waiita inga baba wa Adhamu. (Luka 3:38) Jehovha waibhuya naye nguva jese. Mwari wakabvunja Adhamu zvaaidikana kuita zve wakamupa basa ro kuita rinodakajisa.—Genesi 1:28-30; 2:16, 17.
5. Zvinoda kunangenyi Bhaibheri parinoreva kuti Adhamu wakaithwa “ngo muezaniso” wa Mwari?
5 Adhamu wainga akaruhwa “ngo muezaniso” wa Mwari. (Genesi 1:27) Jehovha wakamupa mugariro jakatojana no Jake, jakadari inga, rudo, uzivi, urungami, zve no simba. Iyena wakapa Adhamu rusujunuko hwo kuzvikhetera. Asi Adhamu aacaingepi mucini. Mwari wakamurura no mugariro jo kukwanisa kusana kuita zvakanaka no zvakashata. Kudari Adhamu wakasana kuzwira Mwari, iyena waizorarama mbhera na rini mu Paradhiso.
6. Adhamu paakatama kuzwira Mwari, wakaruzenyi? Zvingatipsasisavo kudini?
6 Paakatama kuzwira Mwari zve wotongehwa rufu, Adhamu wakaripa mutengo mukuru maningi. Iyena wakaruza ushamwari hwake na Jehovha, no upenyu hwake hwakakwana, zve wakaruza muzi wake wo Paradhiso. (Genesi 3:17-19) Adhamu na Evha vakasana kutama kuzwira Mwari, ngokudaro avana vetero. Ngo pamusoro po zvakaita Adhamu, “hwakangwina uxaixi mu nyika yo pasi ngo ndava yo mundhu umwe, ngo uxaixi hwongwinavo rufu; ndibzonavo bzondhobzo rufu hwakagumira vandhu vese, ngokuti vese vakaxaixa.” (VaRoma 5:12) Adhamu paakandoshaisha, “wakajitengesa” iyena na itusu mu uranda hwo cishaishi no rufu. (VaRoma 7:14) Waro kuno vetero kwatiri here? Hina, iriyo.
7, 8. Muripo i cinyi?
7 I cinyi muripo? Gama ro kuti muripo rinobatanija zviro zviviri. Cokutanga, muripo i mare inokwana kusujunura mundhu kana kutenga ciro. Cocipiri, muripo i mare inofukija, kana kuripa mutengo wo ciro.
8 Akuna angakwanisa kuripa zvakamoshwa ndi Adhamu paakashaisha pomwe no rufu hwaakatipa. Asi Jehovha wakanasirira njira yokutisujunura ndiyona mu cishaishi no rufu. Ngatende tivone kuti muripo ungashanda kudini zve tingabesereka kudini.
JEHOVHA WAKAPEKEJESA KUDINI MURIPO
9. Muripo waidikana kuva wakadini?
9 Akuna umwe wedu angakwanisa kuripa muripo wo upenyu hwo mundhu wakakwana hwakaruza Adhamu. Ngenyi? Ngokuti tese atizivi kukwana. (Nduyo 49:8, 9) Muripo waidiwa, waidikana kuva upenyu hwo mundhu umweni wakakwana. (1 Timoti 2:6) Muripo waidikana kuva no mutengo wakaezana no upenyu wakaruza Adhamu.
10. Jehovha wakapekejesa kudini muripo?
10 Jehovha wakapekejesa kudini muripo? Jehovha wakatuma Mwana wake anosisira woviya pasi pano. Mwana uwu, Jesu, wainga cisikwa cake co kutanga kamare. (1 Johani 4:9, 10) Jesu wainga no cido co kusiya Baba vake no muzi wake mugore. (VaFilipi 2:7) Jehovha wakathuthisa Jesu kubva kudenga kuti aviye pasi pano, zve Jesu wakabahwa inga mundhu wakakwana, acina cishaishi.—Luka 1:35.
11. Zvingaitisa kudini kuti mundhu umwe basi aripire vandhu vese?
11 Mundhu wo kutanga, Adhamu, paakatama kuzwira Jehovha, wakaruzisa upenyu hwakakwana ku vandhu vese. Painga no mundhu umweni waizokwanisa kubvisa rufu hwo vana vese va Adhamu here? Hina. (Verenganyi VaRoma 5:19.) Jesu, uwo wainga acizivi kumboshaisha, wakapa upenyu hwake hwakakwana inga muripo. (1 VaKorinto 15:45) Upenyu hwake hwakakwana hungashandiswa kuti ubvise rufu ku vana vese va Adhamu.—1 VaKorinto 15:21, 22.
12. Ngenyi Jesu waidikana kutambujika maningi?
12 Bhaibheri rinosanangura matambujikire akaita Jesu acito afa. Iyena wakatakwa maningi, wokohomehwa pa mutanda wo kutambujikira, zve wo cungirira kufa nga padoko-padoko zve kwecihwaja maningi. (Johani 19:1, 16-18, 30) Ngenyi Jesu waidikana kutambujikisa kudaro? Ngo kuti Sathana wainga akananga kuti apana mundhu angasongana no muejo jakakura maningi woramba akatendeseka kuna Mwari. Jesu wakavonesa kuti mundhu wakakwana angava akatendeseka kuna Mwari pikija akatambujwa zvinopindirija mudida. Jehovha wakadakajihwa maningi, andizvopi?—Mazwi Akangwara 27:11; vonanyi Masoko o Kupejisira civerengo 15.
13. Muripo wakaripiswa kudini?
13 Muripo wakaripiswa kudini? Jesu wakapa Baba vake mutengo wo upenyu hwake. Mu gore ro 33, njiku 14 ya Nisani mweji wo ciJudha, Jehovha wakatendera kuti vavengi va Jesu vamuuraye. (Vaheberi 10:10) Njiku ndhatu jakatevera, Jehovha wakamusa Jesu, inga mundhu wo mujimu, kuciripi mundhu wo kunyama. Tevere, Jesu paakahwirira ka Baba vake kudenga, iyena wakapekeja mutengo wo upenyu hwake hwo mundhu wakakwana kuna Jehovha inga muripo. (Vaheberi 9:24) Ndiwona maripihwe akaithwa muripo, tova no mukana wo kusujunuhwa ku cishaishi no rufu.—Verenganyi VaRoma 3:23, 24.
MUNGABESEHWA KUDINI NGO MURIPO?
14, 15. Tinodikana kuitenyi kuti zvishaishi zvedu zviregerehwe?
14 Itisu takabesereka ngo cipo cikuru ca Mwari. Imanyi tivone kuti tingabesehwa kudini wari, zve tingazobesehwa kudini kumbejiyo.
15 Zvishaishi zvedu zvinoregerehwa. Zvinonesa kuita zvakanaka nguva jese. Tinoshaisha, zve nguva jimweni tinovereketa no kuita zvakashata. Zvicinyi zvinodiwa kuti tiregerehwe? Tinodikana kukhauya ngo zvakashata zvataita zve tokumbira kuti Jehovha atiregerere mu kujidodokesa. Zve tive no cokwadi co kuti zvishaishi zvedu zviri kuregerehwa.—1 Johani 1:8, 9.
16. Zvicinyi zvatinodikana kuita kuti tive no hana yakanaka?
16 Tingava no hana yakanaka. Hana yedu ikatibvunja kuti taita ciro cakashata, tinojipa ndava, kangaije kutotama vetero zve inga ticikashandi. Asi azvidikani kuramwa. Kudari tikakumbira ruregerero kuna Jehovha, tingava no cokwadi kuti anotizwa zve wotiregerera. (Vaheberi 9:13, 14) Jehovha anoda kuti tibhuye naye ngo pamusoro po zvineso zviri zvese no pese patakarembera. (Vaheberi 4:14-16) Muviyo, ngo wokuva mu runyararo na Mwari.
17. Makomborero api akavepo ngo kufa kwa Jesu?
17 Tinovetero yo kurarama no kucingaperi. “Mupocero wo uxaixi, rufu. Kaveta, cipo ca Mwari, uhomi hucikaperi, ngo njio ya Kristu Jesu, Tenji wedu.” (VaRoma 6:23) Zvecivoneka kuti Jesu wakatifira, tingararama mbera no kucingaperi zve todakajihwa ngo uhomi hwakakwana. (Apokalipsi 21:3, 4) Asi zvicinyi zvatinodikana kuita kuti tiashire makomborero aya?
MUNOZOASHIRA MURIPO UWU HERE?
18. Tinozivisa kudini kuti Jehovha anotida?
18 Rangariranyi kuti munozwa kudini mukapuwa cipo cakanaka ngo mundhu ari wese. Muripo icipo cinosisira kupinda ciri cese zve tinodikana kubongeseya maningi Jehovha ngo pamusoro paco. Johani 3:16 inotibvunja kuti “Mwari wakadisa nyika yo pasi, kokuti wakapa Mwana wake umwe ega.” Hina Jehovha wakatidisa zvo kuti iyena wakapa Mwana wake anosisira, Jesu. Zve tinozviziva kuti Jesu anotidavo, ngo kuti iyena wainga no cido co kutifira. (Johani 15:13) Cipo co muripo cingamukhohwesa kuti Jehovha na Jesu vanomuda kamare.—VaGalàsia 2:20.
19, 20. (a) Mungaitisa kudini kuti muve shamwari ya Jehovha? (b) Mungakhombijisa kudini kuti munotendera muripo wo kujipira wa Jesu?
19 Wari, mapera kujija ngo pamusoro po rudo hukuru hwa Mwari, waro mungaitisa kudini kuti mugume pakuva shamwari yake? Zvinonesa kuda mundhu wamucikazivi. Johani 17:3 inonanga kuti tingaguma pakuziva Jehovha. Pamunonga meciita izvi, rudo hwenyu kwaari hunokuravo maningi, modakarira kumudakajisa, zve munozova shamwari yake. Waro rambanyi mecijija ngo pamusoro pa Jehovha ngo kujija Bhaibheri.—1 Johani 5:3.
20 Tenderanyi muripo wo kujipira wa Jesu. Bhaibheri rinonanga kuti, “anotenda Mwana ano uhomi hucingaperi.” (Johani 3:36) Kunanga kuti, anotenda Mwana zvinoda kurevenyi? Zvinoreva kuita zvatakajijiswa ndi Jesu kuti tiite. (Johani 13:15) Atidikani kunanga basi kuti tinotenda Jesu. Kuti titendere muripo, tinodikana kuita ciri cese ngo pamusoro po gonda redu. Pana Jakobo 2:26, tinoverenga kuti: ‘Rutendo hucina zviito hwakafa.’
21, 22. (a) Ngenyi tinodikana kwenda ku Cirangarijo co kufa kwa Kristu gore ngo gore? (b) Zvicinyi zvinozosananguhwa mu Cipauko 6 na 7?
21 Endanyi ku Cirangarijo co kufa kwa Kristu. Majiisa o kupejisira a Jesu, iyena wakatijijisa kuti tinodikana kuva no cirangarijo co kufa kwake. Tinoita izvi pa gore ngo gore, zve cinodaninjwa kuti Cirangarijo kana kuti Majiisa o “Cirariro ca Tenji.” (1 VaKorinto 11:20; Mateu 26:26-28) Jesu waida kuticeujira kuti iyena wakapa upenyu hwake hwakakwana inga muripo kwatiri. Iyena wakati: “Itanyi ibzi mucindiceukijira.” (Verenganyi Luka 22:19.) Pamunoenda ku Cirangarijo, munokhombija kuti muri kuceujira muripo no rudo hukuru huna Jehovha na Jesu kwatiri.—Vonanyi Masoko o Kupejisira civerengo 16.
22 Muripo icipo cikuru maningi catakaashira. (2 VaKorinto 9:14, 15) Cipo cinosisira ici, cinozobeseravo zviuru no zviuru zvo vandhu vakapera kufa. Cipauko 6 no 7 cinozosanangura maitikire akona.


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Nhau 110: Timoti—Mubetseri Mutsva waPauro
Jaya raunoona pano nomuapostora Pauro ndiTimotio. Timotio anogara nemhuri yokwake muRistra. Mai vake vanonzi Juniki uye mbuya vake vanonzi Roisi.
Kano ndekechitatu ako Pauro ashanyira Ristra. Rinenge gore rimwe kana anopfuura, Pauro naBharnabhasi vakatanga kusvika muno parwendo rwokuparidza. Uye zvino Pauro adzokerazve neshamwari yake Sirasi.
Unoziva chiri kutaura Pauro kuna Timotio here? Ari kuti: 'Ungada kukumbanira Sirasi neni here? Ungatibetsera mukuparidzira vanhu munzvimbo dziri kure.'
Timotio anoti: 'Hungu, ndingada kuenda.' Zvino nokukurumidza pashure pakwo Timotio anosia mhuri yokwake ndokuenda naPauro naSirasi. Asi tisati tadzidza nezverwendo rwavo, ngatiwanei chave chichiitika kuna Pauro. Ave anenge makore 17 chifo chokuoneka kwaJesu kwaari pamugwagwa wokuDhamasiko.
Yeuka, Pauro akauya kuDhamasiko kuzonetsa vadzidzi vaJesu, asi zvino ava mudzidzi iye amene! Pashure vavengi vanopangana kumuuraya nokuti havadi kudzidzisa kwake nezvaJesu. Asi vadzidzi vanomubetsera kunzvenga. Vanomuisa mutswanda ndokumuburutsira kunze kworusvingo rweguta. Pashure pacho Pauro anoenda Antiokia kundoparidza. Ndimo muno umo vateveri vaJesu vanotanga kunzi maKristu.
Pauro naBharnabhasi zvino vanotumwa parwendo rwokundoparidza vachibva muAntiokia kunyika dziri kure. Rimwe ramaguta avanoshanyira iRistra, musha waTimotio.
Zvino, rinenge gore pashure, Pauro adzokazve muRistra parwendo rwechipiri. Apo Timotio anoenda naPauro naSirasi, unoziva here kwavanoenda? Tarira pamapu, uye ngatidzidze dzimwe dzenzvimbo.
Kutanga, vanoenda Ikonio iri pedyopo, tevere kuguta rechipiri rinonzi Antiokia. Pashure pacho vanoenda kuTroa, ipapo vanoyambukira Firipi, Tesaronika neBherea. Unoona Atene pamapu here? Pauro anoparidzira muno. Pashure pakwo vanopedza gore nehafu vachiparidzira muKorinte. Pakupedzisira vanomboti mirei muEfeso. Ipapo vanodzokera neigwa kuKesaria, ndokukwira Antiokia, uko Pauro anogara.
Nokudaro Timotio anofamba mazana namazana amamaira achibetsera Pauro kuparidza "mashoko akanaka" nokuvamba ungano zhinji dzechiKristu. Paunokura, uchava mubatiri akatendeka waMwari saTimotio here?
Mabasa 9:19-30; 11:19-26; ganhuro 13-17; 18:1-22.
1. Roma; 2. Marita; 3. Bheriya; 4. Tesaronika; 5. Korinde; 6. Firipi; 7. Atene; 8. Krete; 9. Troasi; 10. Efeso; 11. Mireto; 12. Korose; 13. Andiyoki; 14. Ikoniyamu; 15. Ristra; 16. Siprasi; 17. Andiyoki; 18. Kesariya; 19. Jopa; 20. Dhamasiko; 21. Jerusarema; 22. Gungwa Guru (Mediterranean)
Mibvunzo
- Jaya riri pamufananidzo ndiani, rinogara kupi, uye amai naambuya vake vanonzi vanaani?
- Timotio anoti kudini Pauro paanomubvunza kana achida kubatana naSirasi naPauro mukuparidzira vanhu vari kure?
- Vateveri vaJesu vanotanga kunzi vaKristu kupi?
- Pavakangobva muRistra, Pauro, Sirasi, naTimotio vakashanyira mamwe maguta api?
- Timotio anobatsira sei Pauro, uye vechiduku vanofanira kuzvibvunza mubvunzo upi nhasi?
Mibvunzo yokuwedzera
- Verenga Mabasa 9:19-30.
Muapostora Pauro akaratidza sei kuchenjera paakashorwa nokuda kwemashoko akanaka? (Mab. 9:22-25, 29, 30; Mat. 10:16)
- Verenga Mabasa 11:19-26.
Nhoroondo yakanyorwa pana Mabasa 11:19-21, 26 inoratidza sei kuti mudzimu waJehovha uri kutungamirira basa rokuparidza?
- Verenga Mabasa 13:13-16, 42-52.
Mabasa 13:51, 52 inoratidza sei kuti vadzidzi havana kubvumira kushorwa kuti kuvaodze mwoyo? (Mat. 10:14; Mab. 18:6; 1 Pet. 4:14)
- Verenga Mabasa 14:1-6, 19-28.
Kutaura kwokuti ‘vakavaisa kuna Jehovha’ kunotibatsira sei kutibvisira chero kunetseka kupi zvakwo kusina kufanira sezvatinobatsira vatsva? (Mab. 14:21-23; 20:32; Joh. 6:44)
- Verenga Mabasa 16:1-5.
Kubvuma kudzingiswa kwaTimotio kwakasimbisa sei kukosha kwokuita ‘zvinhu zvose nokuda kwemashoko akanaka’? (Mab. 16:3; 1 VaK. 9:23; 1 VaT. 2:8)
- Verenga Mabasa 18:1-11, 18-22.
Mabasa 18:9, 10 inoratidzei pamusoro pokubatanidzwa kwaJesu mukutungamirira basa rokuparidza, uye zvinotipa chivimbo chei nhasi? (Mat. 28:20)


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NDHUNGAMIRIRO JO MUSONGANO UPENYU NO MUSHANDO Soka ra Baba 2017
Kucumaira ko Kuezanisira
Kucumaira ko Kuezanisira no Murindiri! zve no kujijisa cokwadi ngo pamusoro po Umambo hwa Mwari. Shandisanyi kurangarira kwenyu kutii munasirire mazano enyu.
UPFUMI HUNOBVA MU SOKO RA MWARI
‘Ndinewe kuti Ndikuthavire’
Jeremia waijizwa inga acikakwanirisi paakagajwa ndi Jehovha Mwari kuti ashande inga muporofita. Jehovha wakamuvangisa kudini?
UPFUMI HUNOBVA MU SOKO RA MWARI
Ivona Vakaima Kuita Kuda ka Mwari
VaIziraeri vairangarira kuti cirovejeso cavo co muripo caikwanisa kurungamisa mufambiro wavo wakashata. Jeremia wakadira pambhene zvishaishi zvavo no manamatiro avo akashata.
KURARAMA INGA MAKRISTU
Manera Okushandisa Bhurushura rinoti—Ndiani Ari Kuita Zvinoda Jehovha Nyamasi Uno?
Shandisanyi bhurushura iri kuti mujijise mujiji wenyu wo Bhaibheri ngo pamusoro po Zvapupu zva Jehovha, basa redu no sangano redu.
UPFUMI HUNOBVA MU SOKO RA MWARI
Vandhu Vangabudirira Basi ngo Ndhungamiro ja Jehovhae
Mu Iziraeri yo kare, vese vaiteverera ndhungamiro ja Jehovha Mwari vaiwana runyararo, mudakaro zve vaibudirira.
KURARAMA INGA MAKRISTU
Manera Okushandisa Bhurushura rinoti—Izwanyi Mwari?
Shandisanyi muezaniso no mavhesi kuti mujijise cokwadi huru jo Bhaibheri ku vaya vanonesehwa ngo kujija.
UPFUMI HUNOBVA MU SOKO RA MWARI
VaIziraeri Vakakanganwa Jehovha
Zvicinyi zvaiezanisihwa ndi Jehovha paakabvunja Jeremia kuti aende ku Murambo wa Eufrate mu mumango unokhwedera kuita 500 km pomwe no kuviga bhande ro nguvo yo thonje?
KURARAMA INGA MAKRISTU
Beseranyi Mbhuri Yenyu Kuti Irangarire Jehovha
Kutama kurobva kunamata ko mbhuri zve yo nasa kuithwa zvinobesera mbhuri yenyu kuti irangarire Jehovha. Mungaitisa kudini kuti muhwisane no zvineso zvizinji pa kunamata ko mbhuri?


text:
MAVHIDHIYO EMAKATUNI OKUDHIROWA
Ramba Kufurirwa!
Tarisa vhidhiyo iyi uone zvaungaita kuti usafurirwa.
Inzwa zvimwe
MUKAI!
Ungaitei Kuti Usafurirwa Neshamwari?
Shamwari dzinogona kuita kuti vanhu vanoita zvakanaka vapedzisire vava kuita zvinhu zvakaipa. Zvii zvaunofanira kuziva uye ungaitei kuti usafurirwa?
VECHIDUKU VANOBVUNZA KUTI
Ndingakunda Sei Muedzo?
Ona kuti zvii zvaungaita kuti uderedze nguva yaunopedza uri pane vanhu vanoita kuti upinde mumuedzo.
VECHIDUKU VANOBVUNZA KUTI
Ko Kana Ndichimanikidzwa Kuita Bonde?
Zvakanaka here kubvuma? Ungazozvidemba here?


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CHIKAMU 8
Rufu rwaJesu Runorevei Kwauri?
Jesu akafa kuitira kuti tikwanise kurarama. Johani 3:16
Mazuva matatu pashure pokunge Jesu afa, vamwe vakadzi vakashanyira guva rake vakariwana risina munhu. Jehovha akanga amutsa Jesu kubva kuvakafa.
Gare gare Jesu akazozviratidza kuvaapostora vake.
Chokwadi, Jehovha akanga amutsa Jesu kuti ararame sechisikwa chemudzimu chisingafi uye chine simba. Vadzidzi vaJesu vakamuona achikwira kudenga.
Mwari akamutsa Jesu uye akamuita Mambo woUmambo hwake. Dhanieri 7:13, 14
Jesu akapa upenyu hwake kuti adzikinure vanhu. (Mateu 20:28) Achishandisa rudzikinuro irworwo, Mwari akaita kuti tikwanise kurarama nokusingaperi.
Jehovha akagadza Jesu saMambo kuti atonge nyika. Achange aine vanhu vakatendeka 144 000 vanomutswa kubva panyika kuti vararame upenyu hwokudenga. Jesu nevanhu ava 144 000 vanoumba hurumende yakarurama yekudenga
Umambo hwaMwari huchaita kuti nyika ive paradhiso. Hondo, kuparwa kwemhosva, urombo uye nzara zvichange zvisisipo. Vanhu vachafara zvechokwadi.


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Nhau 70: Jona Nehove Huru
Tarira murume ari mumvura. Ari muchinetso chikuru, haaziri here? Hove iyo yodokumumedza! Unoziva kuti ndiani murume uyu here? Zita rake ndiJona. Ngationei kuti akapinda sei muchinetso chikurusa.
Jona muprofita waJehovha. Haiziri nguva refu pashure porufu rwomuprofita Erisha apo Jehovha anoudza Jona kuti: 'Enda kuguta guru reNinevhe. Ushati hwavanhu ikoko hukuru kwazvo, uye ndinoda kuti utaure kwavari pamsoro pahwo.'
Asi Jona haadi kuenda. Saka anokwira chikepe chinoenda kurumwe rutivi rweNinevhe. Jehovha haafadzwi nokutiza kwaJona. Saka anoparira dutu guru. Rakashata kwazvo zvokuti chikepe chiri mungozi yokunyura. Vakwasvi vanotya zvikuru, vanodanidzira betsero kuvamwari vavo.
Pakupedzisira Jona anovaudza kuti: 'Ndinonamata Jehovha. Mwari akaita denga napasi. Uye ndiri kutiza kuita zvandakaudzwa naJehovha kuita.' Zvino vakwasvi vanoti: 'Tinofanira kukuitirei kumisa dutu?'
'Ndikandirei mugungwa, uye gungwa richateramazve,' anodaro Jona. Vakwasvi havadi kukuita, asi dutu zvarinoipisisa pakupedzisira vanokanda Jona mumvura. Pakarepo dutu rinomira, gungwa ndokuteramazve.
Jona zvaanonyura mumvura, hove huru inomumedza. Asi haafi. Kwamazuva matatu nousiku hutatu iye ari mudumbu rehoveyo. Jona anozvidemba kwazvo kuti haana kuterera Jehovha ndokuenda Ninevhe. Zvino unoziva chaanoita here?
Jona anonyengetera kuna Jehovha nokuda kwebetsero. Ipapo Jehovha anoita kuti hove irutsire Jona panyika yakaoma. Pashure paikoko Jona anoenda Ninevhe. Ikoku hakuzati kuchitidzidzisa kuti kunokosha sei here kuti tiite chipi kana chipi chinotaura Jehovha?
Bhuku reBhaibheri raJona
Mibvunzo
- Jona ndiani, uye Jehovha anomuudza kuti aitei?
- Nokuti haadi kuenda kwaanoudzwa naJehovha, Jona anoitei?
- Jona anoudza vakwasvi kuti vaitei kuti vamise dutu?
- Sezvaunogona kuona mumufananidzo uyu, chii chinoitika Jona paanonyura mumvura?
- Jona anova mudumbu rehove huru kwenguva yakareba zvakadini, uye anoitei ari imomo?
- Jona anoenda kupi pashure pokunge abuda muhove huru, uye izvi zvinotidzidzisei?
Mibvunzo yokuwedzera
- Verenga Jona 1:1-17.
Sezviri pachena, Jona akanzwa sei pamusoro pebasa rake rokuparidza kuNinevhe? (Jona 1:2, 3; Zvir. 3:7; Mup. 8:12)
- Verenga Jona 2:1, 2, 10.
Zvakaitika kuna Jona zvinotipa sei chivimbo chokuti Jehovha achapindura minyengetero yedu? (Pis. 22:24; 34:6; 1 Joh. 5:14)
- Verenga Jona 3:1-10.
Tinowana kurudziro ipi pakuti Jehovha akapfuurira kushandisa Jona pasinei nokumbokundikana kwake kuita basa rake pakutanga? (Pis. 103:14; 1 Pet. 5:10)
Zvakaitika kuna Jona nevaNinevhe zvinotidzidzisei pamusoro pokufanotonga vanhu vari mundima yedu? (Jona 3:6-9; Mup. 11:6; Mab. 13:48)


text:
- musha
- Africa
- University of Bath
University of Bath
University of Bath Details
- nyika : United Kingdom
- guta : kugeza
- Acronym : UoB
- inotangwa : 1966
- Students (approx.) : 17000
- Musakanganwa kuti discuss University of Bath
tsananguro
The University of Bath ari kuyunivhesiti paruzhinji riri Bath, Somerset, United Kingdom. Makadirwa yayo Royal Charter muna 1966 uye vanogona kuronda midzi yawo kuti zvekushandisa chikoro yakatangwa Bristol muna 1856.
In The Times uye The Sunday Times Good University Guide 2014 yunivhesiti akanga paakavapa musoro “Best kembasi University muBritain”. Bath akanga paakavapa musoro 'University of Year 2011/12'.] Mu 2014 Research Excellence Pakuumbwa, 32% Bhati wacho akabvuma tsvakurudzo basa kubudirira soro zvinogoneka kupatsanura pakati 4*, se nyika-vaitungamirira tichitarisa oga, kukosha uye nehasha. 87% akanga graded 4*/3*, se nyika-kutungamirira / pose rakaisvonaka.
Yunivhesiti iri nhengo Association of Commonwealth Africa, Sangano MBAs, reEuropean Quality Improvement System, European University Association, Africa UK uye GW4, mumwe muzvikwata zvisina tsarukano unounza pamwe South West uye Wales 'ina kutungamirira, tsvakurudzo-nyanyisa mumayunivhesiti (kugeza, Bristol, Cardiff uye Exeter). kusvikira 30 Gumiguru 2012, waivawo nhengo 1994 boka.
uwandu hwevanhu Student
Tine 15,155 vadzidzi vakanyoresa, pamusoro 25% vanobva kunze kweUK, rinomirira pamusoro 100 vemunyika.
- 10,810 undergraduates
- 4,345 postgraduates
- 54% varume vadzidzi
- 46% munhukadzi vadzidzi
nhamba Student dzinobva 2013/14 Yepamusoro Education Statistics Agency (hesam) dhata.
ruzivo Student
- Tine 93% kupera zvazvingava nokuti undergraduates, mumwe chemhando iri UK. *
- 93% Vadzidzi vedu vanoti vakanga kugutsikana kwavo kosi. **
- Students Our’ Union ari yandaipuwa pamusoro nhatu ne National Union of Students.
*Maererano ne 2012/13 HESA Data
**Pachishandiswa 2014 National Student Survey
Placements uye basa
- Tikamhanyira ndeimwe midzi kupinda muzvikoro zvirongwa muUK.
- 86% kwedu basa UK yakazara wokutanga dhigirii vakapedza kudzidza dzapinda pamusoro-pamwero mabasa zvichienzaniswa 66% pamusoro akashandisa kudzidza munyika. *
- Kusvika pa 400 Vashandirwi vanoshanyira University nerimwe gore.
*zvakaoma mudzidzi uye vadzidzi basa mashoko kubva HESA Destinations pamusoro Leavers kubva HE 2012/13.
tsvakurudzo
- Kutsvakurudza kwedu kwepamutemo uye zvibvumirano Portfolio ndiyo miriyoni munokosha kumativi £ 100.
- Mu 2014 Research Excellence Pakuumbwa (neMuridzi), 32% ari pasi pakutsvakurudza basa kubudirira soro zvinogoneka kupatsanura pakati 4*, se nyika-vaitungamirira tichitarisa oga, kukosha uye nehasha.
- dzaungagona tsvakurudzo edu mwana muurombo uye rutsigiro vanoshupika vanhu Mahwina repamusoro Queen kuti Anniversary Prize muna 2011.
kembasi
- mu 2012 takatanga kwemakore matatu kembasi mari chirongwa kuvaka itsva pakudzidzisa uye chokugara nzvimbo, uye £ 10 miriyoni Kuvakira Arts utariri akadana Kunogumira.
- raibhurari wedu wakashama 24 maawa pazuva, zuva nezuva uye ane zvinopfuura 500 PC uye Laptop pokusvika pfungwa.
- 27,000 zvemagetsi mabhuku uye 19,000 Magazini zvinowanikwa muraibhurari.
mutambo
- mitambo yedu mashandiro ari vakapiswa Team Bath uye ane mumwe yakanakisisa mitambo zvivako muUK.
- Isu raionekwa vanoverengeka zvikwata uye vanhu vari kutungamirira-kuna London 2012 Olympic uye Paralympic Games.
Alumni
- Tine pamusoro 100,000 alumni kubva pamusoro 150 munyika.
- mu 2013/14 pamusoro 4,000 alumni neshamwari akaita mipiro.
- Mumwe wedu tanga kudzidza, Roger Whorrod, uye mudzimai wake Sue, vava vedu vokutanga £ 1M vaipa.
Schools / mumakoreji / madhipatimendi / Courses / mano
Engineering & patani
- akitekicha & Civil Engineering
- Chemical Engineering
- Electronic & Electrical Engineering
- zvokuimba Engineering
Humanities & Social Sciences
- Economics
- dzidzo
- utano
- zvematongerwo enyika, Languages & International Studies
- Psychology
- Social & Policy Sciences
utariri
- Business Connections
- fakaroti
- Programmes
- tsvakurudzo
sainzi
- Biology and Biochemistry
- kemesitiri
- Computer Science
- kwemasvomhu Sciences
- Natural Sciences
- Pharmacy and Pharmacology
- Physics
History
The University of Bath was granted university status in 1966 by Royal Charter, however our roots can be traced back to the Bristol Trade School – a technical school established in 1856.
mu 1885 the school was renamed the Merchant Venturers’ Technical College and in 1929 the Bath School of Pharmacy became part of the college.
By 1960 the college had become the Bristol College of Science and Technology and, following the Robbins Report of 1963, which recommended immediate expansion of universities, began to look at gaining university status.
With the college rapidly expanding and no suitable site available in Bristol, a chance conversation between the college principal and the Director of Education in Bath led to an agreement to provide the college with a new home in Claverton Down, kugeza.
The first building on campus was completed in 1965 (becoming the building now known as 4 South), just a year before the Royal Charter was granted.
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Ndapota onai: EducationBro Magazine unokupa kugona kuverenga Info pamusoro mumayunivhesiti pa 96 mitauro, asi tinokukumbirai kuremekedza vamwe nhengo uye kusiya mashoko ari Chirungu.


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Ku creche kunoshanda musikana wangu kunekamwana kanonzi Faffy. Ende kari cute futi kari sweet. Nezuro toda kuchaisa ndakakawana kachifirira kupfeka maboots ako. Ndakasvika ndokukabatsira. Veduwe waive mutsutsurutsutsuru kunon’ona garwe netoothpick. Ndakaita 5minutes chaidzo. Ndapedza ndoti rega ndiende zvikanzi naFaffy, ‘Sir, mandipfekedza banana.’ nditarisewo ndione zveshuwa ndapfekedza mwana banana. Hapaya pakunobvisa maboots aya. Kwaive kuteya zhou nechikirimbane chaiko. Dzakaita 10minutes. Ndakazokunda ndokukapfekedza zvakanaka.
Ndapedza ndonzwa koti zve, ‘Sir, maboots aya haasi angu!’ Ndakamerera nehasha asi semunhu anoshanda nevana ndakazvinorwa ndokukakumura maboots aye. Ndapedza ndikabvunza kuti ko ako aripi nhai Faffy. Zvikanzi Sir, angu maboots asara kumba. Aya akasiiwa nesister yangu, ndamapfekedzwa namama. Ndakahwa kubvunda neshungu. Asi basa rangu ndinoita nemazvo. Takapfekedzana maboots aye zvekare. Ndapedza zvikanzi na Faffy, ‘Sir, ko masocks acho?’ Apa ndakashaya kuti ndoseka here kana kuchema. Zvinyoronyoro ndakabvunza kuti ko masocks acho arikupi. Shasha ndokutanga kuseka zvayo yakanditarisa zvikanzi, ‘NDAMAPFINYIRA MUKATI MEMABOOTS ANGU!’. Mukandihwirawo kunodiwa musikana webasa mondiudzawo veduwe!


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Noor zvinoreva zita rakanaka: Kunyatsoteerera, Unofara, Haikwanisi, Mazuva ano, Ushamwari. Tora Noor zvinoreva zita.
Yadav zvakanakisisa zita rezita rinoreva: Ushamwari, Kunyatsoteerera, Unyanzvi, Kusika, Mazuva ano. Tora Yadav zvinoreva zvezita rezita.
Noor tsime rezita rokutanga. Variant transcription of Nur. Tora Noor tsime rezita rokutanga.
Zita rekupedzisira Yadav rinowanzoshandiswa Aisirendi, India, Neparo, Omani, Kwata. Tora Yadav pazita rekuparadzira.
Shanduro kana kuti kutumidza zita rekutanga Noor: NOOR (muchiArabic). How to pronounce Noor.
Inonyanya kutaurwa ye Noor munyika dzakasiyana siyana nemitauro: Nor, Nur. Tora Noor mune dzimwe mitauro.
Mazita akawanda anowanzozivikanwa nezita Noor: Shaik, Fatima, Chhabra, Alam, Samavia. Tora Runyoro rwezita rine zita Noor.
Mazita akawanda anozivikanwa ane zita rekutanga Yadav: Krishna, Vijay, Manish, Pooja, Sunil. Tora Mazita anoenda ne Yadav.
Kubatana kwe Noor uye Yadav is 82%. Tora Kubatana kwe Noor uye Yadav.


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Kamal zvinoreva zita rakanaka: Kusika, Chakakomba, Unyanzvi, Lucky, Ushamwari. Tora Kamal zvinoreva zita.
Yadav zvakanakisisa zita rezita rinoreva: Ushamwari, Kunyatsoteerera, Unyanzvi, Kusika, Mazuva ano. Tora Yadav zvinoreva zvezita rezita.
Kamal tsime rezita rokutanga. Means "perfection" in Arabic. Tora Kamal tsime rezita rokutanga.
Zita rekupedzisira Yadav rinowanzoshandiswa Aisirendi, India, Neparo, Omani, Kwata. Tora Yadav pazita rekuparadzira.
Inonyanya kutaurwa ye Kamal munyika dzakasiyana siyana nemitauro: Kemal. Tora Kamal mune dzimwe mitauro.
Mazita akawanda anowanzozivikanwa nezita Kamal: Raj, Kumar, Kanojia, Vora, Garg. Tora Runyoro rwezita rine zita Kamal.
Mazita akawanda anozivikanwa ane zita rekutanga Yadav: Krishna, Vijay, Manish, Pooja, Sunil. Tora Mazita anoenda ne Yadav.
Kubatana kwe Kamal uye Yadav is 81%. Tora Kubatana kwe Kamal uye Yadav.


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- musha
- Africa
- University of Washington
University of Washington
University of Bayreuth Details
- nyika : Jerimani
- guta : Washington
- Acronym : ub
- inotangwa : 1975
- Students (approx.) : 11000
- Musakanganwa kuti discuss University of Bayreuth
tsananguro
Welcome to University of Washington. Kufunga uye uchishanda dzemunyika anorayira zvinopfuura kungova chimwe chinonyanya kukwezva mumayunivhesiti mune Bavaria uye kuru pamusoro zvepamusoro mukudzidzisa National uye tsvakurudzo kuera. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, takaisa kukura nhovo huru nokuti gore 2020 kuti mamwe kurodzana University of Washington inotaura Profile uye zvemakwikwi mucheto:
- Pamusana yaro siyana siyana nokuranga uye sokuronga akasarudzwa pfungwa nzvimbo, Yunivhesiti Washington ari pose kuzivikanwa pakutsvakurudza zvayo mipiro uye inopa yakanaka yokudzidza zvakatipoteredza.
- The University of Washington ndeimwe vaitungamirira dzokugara muGermany tichitarisa yayo yokudzidza zvakatipoteredza uye huwandu vadzidzi ayo.
- The University of Washington unosvikirwa kadikidiki kembasi yunivhesiti riri akazvipira soro kwomudzidzi mitemo uye izvo akaita edza nesimba kuisa pacharo pasina makuru mumayunivhesiti.
Somumwe mumayunivhesiti gotwe muGermany, tinokwanisa kushanda munzvimbo unbiased, kuzvivimba mweya Yedzidzo rusununguko, mberi kwesayenzi, nemagariro basa. In line with our vision, kwedu pamusoro pokutanga vari nomumwe cherechedzo, kuramba yakakwirira zvechikoro mitemo, and creating programmes of study that take current research into account. Our interdisciplinary focus and the innovative collaboration between many of our disciplines are key features of Bayreuth’s research culture.
Neimwe pfungwa, zviri zvino pachena sei akangwara zvakanga adzoka 1975 vagadze yunivhesiti kunobva tichibatanidza simba nyaya nzvimbo vane interdisciplinary tsvakurudzo uye nokudzidzisa. Mibvunzo kutarisana kudyidzana munzanga yedu vari kungoramba dzakaoma. Mhinduro yakarurama inogona chete kuwanikwa kuburikidza pedyo, muchinjikwa-chirango pamwe - mumwe yeYunivhesiti huru yesangano. The University of Washington kunoratidzwa dzingaparwe rusununguko, mberi kwesayenzi, uye inoshanda nezvinebasa, zvose izvo kunzwisiswa panotaurwa magariro basa.
Welcome redu rimwe-of-a-mhando kembasi.
Hazvina zvose mwoyo University uye ndimo rakafuridzirwa. Zviri apo shamwari dzinoitwa, kubatsirana ndiye anosarudza, uye pfungwa dziri pamuviri, nechokwadi kuti yunivhesiti yedu chinoramba unokurudzira pakati utsanzi. Scientific Exchange way zvikuru kubva akasiyana-siyana nokuranga dzedu kukurukura kembasi kunounza pamwechete. Kuti zvichida Ndokusaka University of Washington akagona kupemberera mibayiro yakawanda kudaro uye chinokudza ayo nyanzvi isusu.
Nyika iri musha
... Uye Washington ari centrally iri. Rine vanhu kumativi 73,000, Washington haasi kunyanya guru, asi kuti ndicho chimwe chezvinhu zvinoita kuti afarirwe saka. Vanhu vanomhanya vachipinda mumwe. Guta zvingava nyika yakakurumbira nokuda kwayo Opera mutambo wegore, asi anopawo vadzidzi uye vanotsvakurudza ane upfumi tsika uye oumhizha zvinokwezva, Wagner parutivi. Zvinofanira kutishamisa kuti guta neshamwari uye the pub zvatinoona zviri zvakasimba mumaoko vadzidzi. Asi imi muchava kushamiswa sei nokukurumidza uchikwanisa kuwana kwako nzira kumativi sezvo muchicherechedza miganhu pakati pazvivako uye taundi muzinda kuva shoma uye zvishoma chinooneka. Iyi ingava nokuti pashure chete kwenguva pfupi pane yaizivikanwa chiso ose pakona.
Location ndiye zvose.
Scenic kuchamhembe Bavaria, pana Washington kuti pasuo chaipo, kukuru nokuti mabasa mitambo: kuchovha, Hiking, gomo-climb, canoeing, Rafting, uye Skiing zvose kwazvo nzira rokuvandudza nguva paunenge wakadekara. zvisinei, kana musingavaregereri zvichiitika kuda kubata rimwe guta kurei zvino uye ipapo, Nuremburg kunongova chimwe-awa nechitima kukwira kure uye Munich ndiye chete 2 ½ maawa kure. Unogona kusvika Berlin muna 4 maawa nemotokari, Leipzig hafu iyoyo. Uye musakanganwa: kuva mumoyo Europe zvinoreva Prague ndiyewo yemaawa matatu nemotokari chete kure.
Schools / mumakoreji / madhipatimendi / Courses / mano
- masvomhu, Physics and Computer Science
- bhayoroji, Chemistry and Earth Sciences
- mutemo, Business uye Economics
- Languages and Literature
- Cultural Studies
- Engineering Science
Unoda discuss University of Bayreuth ? chero mubvunzo, Mashoko kana wongororo
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Ndapota onai: EducationBro Magazine unokupa kugona kuverenga Info pamusoro mumayunivhesiti pa 96 mitauro, asi tinokukumbirai kuremekedza vamwe nhengo uye kusiya mashoko ari Chirungu.


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NYAYA IRI PAKAVHA | NHEMA DZINOITA KUTI VANHU VASADA MWARI
Nhema Dzakaita Kuti Mwari Anzi Haana Zita
ZVINOTENDWA NEVAKAWANDA
“Hatisati tabvumirana kuti Mwari ane zita, uye kana tikabvumirana, hatizivi kuti zita racho ringava ripi.”—Muzvinadzidzo David Cunningham, mubhuku rinonzi Theological Studies.
CHOKWADI CHIRI MUBHAIBHERI
Mwari akati: “Ndini Jehovha. Ndiro zita rangu.” (Isaya 42:8) Jehovha izita rakabva muchiHebheru rinoreva kuti “Anoita Kuti Zvinhu Zvive Sezvaanoda.”—Ona chikamu 1, ndima 1 cheMashoko Okuwedzera, muShanduro yeNyika Itsva.
Jehovha anoda kuti tishandise zita rake. Bhaibheri rinoti: “Danai zita rake. Zivisai zvaakaita pakati pemarudzi. Taurai kuti zita rake rikwidziridzwe.”—Isaya 12:4.
Jesu akashandisa zita raMwari. Akataura kuna Jehovha mumunyengetero achiti: “Ndakavazivisa [vadzidzi vaJesu] zita renyu uye ndicharizivisa.” Nei Jesu akazivisa vadzidzi vake zita raMwari? Akaenderera mberi achiti: “Kuti rudo rwamakandida [Mwari] narwo ruve mavari uye ini ndive pamwe navo.”—Johani 17:26.
NEI ZVICHIKOSHA
Muongorori wezvechitendero, Walter Lowrie akanyora kuti, “Munhu asingazivi Mwari nezita haasati ava kunyatsomuziva zvaari chaizvo, . . . uye haangasviki pakumuda kana achimuona sesimbawo zvaro risiri munhu.”
Kushandisa mamwe mazita panzvimbo pezita raMwari kwakafanana nekuricheka, uchiribvisa muBhaibheri
Mumwe murume anonzi Victor aienda kuchechi vhiki nevhiki, asi aiona sokuti akanga asinganyatsozivi Mwari. Anoti: “Ndakazoziva kuti zita raMwari ndiJehovha, uye zvakaita sokuti ndakanyatsosumwa kwaari. Ndakanzwa sokuti ndakanga ndazoonana neMunhu wandakanga ndambonzwa zvakawanda nezvake. Ndakasvika pakumuona seMunhu chaiye uye pakuva shamwari yake.”
Jehovha anoswedera pedyo nevanhu vanoshandisa zita rake. Nezve“vaya vanofunga nezvezita rake,” Mwari anovimbisa kuti: “Ndichavanzwira tsitsi, sezvinoita murume anonzwira nyasha mwanakomana wake anomushandira.” (Maraki 3:16, 17) Mwari anokomborerawo vaya vanodana zita rake. Bhaibheri rinoti: “Munhu wose anodana zita raJehovha achaponeswa.”—VaRoma 10:13.


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DIVI 11
Kunanga kuti Jehovha Anotizwa Here?
Mwari anozwa mukumbiro jedu. 1 Pedru 3:12
Jehovha ‘anozwa munamato.’ (Nduyo 65:3) Iyena anoda kuti tibhuye naye ngo mukumbiro jedu.
Kumbiranyi kuna Jehovha kuciripi kuno umwenizve.
Tingakumbira ngo ndava yo zviro zvizinji. 1 Johani 5:14
Kumbiranyi kuti kuda ka Mwari kuithwe pasi pano inga mugore.
Kumbiranyi mu zina ra Jesu.Izvi zvinotatija kuti imwimwi munoreremeja zvaakaita kwamuri.
Kumbiranyi Jehovha kuti amubesere kuti muite zvakanaka. Imwimwi mungakumbirazve ngo ndava yo zvokuha, basa, kukorondhwa, zvokusimira zve no uhomi.


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Chikamu chino chakagadzirirwa kushandiswa sokunoratidza, pane kuti kuverenga somunhu rondedzero.
Research nezvetsika ave dzinozivikanwa kwaisanganisirawo nyaya dzakadai kubiridzira mune zvesayenzi uye yavaive kukuvimba. Nyaya idzi dzinokurukurwa kuchakurukurwa zvakadzama Engineering (2009) .
chitsauko Izvi kuumbwa zvakasimba kubudikidza ezvinhu muUnited States. Kuti uwane pamusoro penyaya ongororo kurapa mune dzimwe nyika, ona Zvitsauko 6, 7, 8, ne9 Desposato (2016b) . Nokuti anetsana kuti anorapa achishandisa mitemo nenheyo yetsika nemagariro akafurira chitsauko chino vari zvakanyanyisa American, ona Holm (1995) . Kuti uwane nhoroondo muchidimbu zvechechi Review Boards muna US, ona Stark (2012) .
The Belmont Report nemirayiro hunotevedzana muna US vakaita musiyano pakati pakutsvakurudza uye tsika. Mutsauko ichi kwave vakatsoropodza vakazoroorwa (Beauchamp and Saghai 2012; boyd 2016; Metcalf and Crawford 2016; Meyer 2015) . Ini ndikasafananidza musiyano iri muchitsauko chino nokuti ndinofunga penyaya misimboti zveupfumi zvinoshanda vose pazviruva. Kuti uwane wokutsvakurudza hwokutarisira Facebook, ona Jackman and Kanerva (2016) . Nokuti panyaya pakutsvakurudza hwokutarisira makambani uye reNGOs, ona Polonetsky, Tene, and Jerome (2015) uye Tene and Polonetsky (2016) .
Kuti uwane pamusoro nyaya Ebola yatanga muna 2014, ona McDonald (2016) , uye nokuda zvakawanda pamusoro toga ngozi mbozha data, ona Mayer, Mutchler, and Mitchell (2016) . Nokuti muenzaniso tsvakurudzo dambudziko-chokuita nokushandisa mbozha data, ona Bengtsson et al. (2011) uye Lu, Bengtsson, and Holme (2012) .
Vanhu vakawanda zvakanyorwa pamusoro Emotional Contagion. Magazini Research Ethics chose nyaya yavo yose January 2016 kukurukura kuedza; ona Hunter and Evans (2016) kuti muchidimbu. The Proceedings National renyanzvi of Science yakabudiswa zvidimbu zviviri pamusoro kuedza: Kahn, Vayena, and Mastroianni (2014) uye Fiske and Hauser (2014) . Zvimwe zvidimbu pamusoro kuedza zvinosanganisira: Puschmann and Bozdag (2014) ; Meyer (2014) ; Grimmelmann (2015) ; Meyer (2015) ; Selinger and Hartzog (2015) ; Kleinsman and Buckley (2015) ; Shaw (2015) ; Flick (2015) .
Kuti uwane musi encore, ona Jones and Feamster (2015) .
Tichitevera vakawanda zvokuongorora, yakafara overviews vari inopiwa Mayer-Schönberger (2009) uye Marx (2016) . Nokuti rimwe bhavhu muenzaniso kuchinja mari zvokuongorora, Bankston and Soltani (2013) inofungidzira kuti club tsotsi fungira serura anenge ka50 isingadhuri pane kushandisa muviri makamera kuona zvinoitwa nevanhu. Bell and Gemmell (2009) inopa mamwe netariro maonero vano- nokuongororwa. Kuwedzera nokukwanisa chamber zvaioneka maitiro kuti paruzhinji kana zvishoma voruzhinji (semuenzaniso, Ravirai, Ties, uye Time), vatsvakurudzi anogona kuwedzera infer zvinhu vatori zvizhinji funga kuti voga. Somuenzaniso, Michal Kosinski uye nevamwe vakaratidza kuti vaikwanisa infer inonyatsoziva mashoko pamusoro pevanhu, dzakadai zvepabonde uye kushandiswa muropa zvinhu kubva raiita munhuwo digitaalinen zvisaririra Data (Facebook Likes) (Kosinski, Stillwell, and Graepel 2013) . Izvi zvinganzwika mashiripiti, asi nzira Kosinski uye nevamwe kushandiswa-izvo rinobatanidza digitaalinen zvisaririra, kuongorora, uye akatarisira kudzidza-chaizvoizvo chinhu kuti ndakatoiverenga ndakakuudzai. Yeuka kuti muChitsauko 3 (Kubvunza mibvunzo) Ndakakuudzai sei Josh Blumenstock uye nevamwe (2015) zvikabatanidzwa ongororo Data vane nharembozha Data kufungidzira urombo kuRwanda. Izvi chaiyo chete kusvika, iyo inogona kushandiswa zvakanaka kuyera urombo munyika ichiri kusimukira, anogonawo kushandiswa angangokuvadza oga kutyora inferences.
Mitemo dzisingapindirani uye dzemunharaunda kunogona tsvakurudzo usingabereki kuremekedza zvido vechikamu, uye kunogona kuita kuti "pamutemo kunotenga" by vaongorori (Grimmelmann 2015; Nickerson and Hyde 2016) . Kunyanya, vamwe vatsvakurudzi vanoda kudzivisa IRB kutarisirwa vane vadyidzani vasiri nokufukidzwa IRBs (semuenzaniso, vanhu vari mumapoka kana NGOs) kuunganidza uye de-kuziva mashoko. Zvadaro, vaongorori vanogona kuongorora ichi Data de-vanozivikanwa pasina IRB dzokutarisira, zvichida maererano dzimwe achireva ano mitemo. kwakadai IRB kunzvenga kunoratidzika kuva dzisingapindirani pfungwa-inobva kusvika.
Kuti uwane pamusoro dzisingapindirani uye heterogeneous pfungwa kuti vanhu vane nezvoutano data, ona Fiore-Gartland and Neff (2015) . Kuti uwane pamusoro dambudziko kuti heterogeneity anosika kutsvakurudza tsika zvisarudzo ona Meyer (2013) .
Mumwe musiyano pakati analoginen zera uye digitaalinen tsvakurudzo zera ndechokuti digitaalinen zera tsvakurudzo kudyidzana pamwe vechikamu zvakawanda kure. Kutaurirana kwavatori izvi zvinowanzoitika kuburikidza murevereri akadai kambani, uye pane yemanyorero hombe mumuviri-uye zvemagariro kure pakati nevatsvakurudzi uye vatori vechikamu. kudyidzana ichi kure anoita zvimwe zvinhu nyore pakutsvakurudza analoginen zera akaoma digitaalinen zera tsvakurudzo, akadai achivhara panze vechikamu vanenge dzinoda kuchengetedzwa, Detective zvakaomarara zviitiko, uye remediating kukuvadza kana kunoitika. Somuenzaniso, ngationei dzinoringanidza Emotional Contagion ane zvokufungidzirwa yezvirwere kuedza musi iwoyo nyaya. Munguva yezvirwere kuedza, vatsvakurudzi aigona dzokuongorora panze munhu anosvika yezvirwere kuratidza zviratidzo pachena mupfungwa nenhamo. Uyezve, kana yezvirwere kuedza akasika chiitiko wakakomba, vatsvakurudzi vaizoona izvozvo, anoita basa kuti remediate kukuvadza, uye ipapo kuchinja kuti experimental dzakati kuti kudzivisa pokukuvadza yemberi. The hunhu yokure kudyidzana chaiko Emotional Contagion kuedza kunoita mumwe nomumwe ava nyore uye akachenjera matanho zvakaoma. Uyewo, Ndinofungidzira kuti kure pakati vaongorori uye vatori vechikamu kunoita vatsvakurudzi zvishoma inonyatsoziva zvinonetsa zvavo vechikamu.
Other manyuko dzisingapindirani dzemunharaunda uye mitemo. Vamwe kusawirirana uku kunobva pakuti pakutsvakurudza iri kuitika munyika yose. Somuenzaniso, encore zvaisanganisira vanhu vanobva pasi pose, uye naizvozvo zvingava pasi date dziviriro uye mitemo toga kunyika dzakasiyana-siyana. Zvakadini kana dzemunharaunda vedare yechitatu bato padandemutande zvikumbiro (chii encore achiita) akasiyana muGermany, United States, Kenya, uye China? Zvakadini kana dzemunharaunda havasi kunyange kupindirana mukati imwe nyika chete? A kunobva chechipiri kusawirirana kunobva collaborations pakati vatsvakurudzi panguva mumayunivhesiti uye makambani; Somuenzaniso, Emotional Contagion aiva kutsigirana pakati date musayendisiti pana Facebook uye purofesa uye akapedza kudzidza mudzidzi pa Cornell. Pana Facebook achimhanya kuedza guru iri purogiramu uye, panguva iyoyo, havana zvinoda chero yechitatu-vebato yetsika yokudzokorora. Pana Cornell ari dzemunharaunda uye mitemo yakasiyana nokure; zvinenge kuedza zvose zvinofanira zvakaongororwa neDare Cornell IRB. Saka, izvo remataurirwo zvinofanira kudzora Emotional Contagion-Facebook kana Cornell raMwari?
Kuti uwane pamusoro pakuedza adzokorore Common Rule, ona Evans (2013) , Council (2014) , Metcalf (2016) , uye Hudson and Collins (2015) .
The klassiske misimboti anotsanangura nzira anorapa achishandisa mitemo tsika ndiye Beauchamp and Childress (2012) . Ivo zvamaronga kuti nheyo ina chikuru chinofanira kutungamirira anorapa achishandisa mitemo netsika: Kuremekedza kuzvionera, Nonmaleficence, Beneficence, uye Justice. Nheyo nonmaleficence anokurudzira munhu kurega kukonzera kukuvadza vamwe vanhu. Pfungwa iri zvikuru zvakabatana Hippocratic pfungwa "Ita akasakuvara." Pakutsvakurudza nezvetsika, nheyo iyi rinowanzoshandiswa pamwe nheyo Beneficence, asi ona Beauchamp and Childress (2012) (Chapter 5) mamwe pamusoro musiyano pakati vaviri . Nokuda kutsoropodzwa kuti mazano aya vachinyanya American, ona Holm (1995) . Kuti uwane pamusoro BALANCInG kana nhungamiro kurwisana, ona Gillon (2015) .
Mana zvinotaurwa muchitsauko chino yave aronga kuti atungamirire chemufungo kutarisirwa pakutsvakurudza zvichiitika panguva makambani uye maNGO (Polonetsky, Tene, and Jerome 2015) kuburikidza miviri anonzi "Consumer Subject Review Boards" (CSRBs) (Calo 2013) .
Kuwedzera pamusoro kuzvionera kuti Belmont Report inobvuma kuti kwete munhu wose anokwanisa kwechokwadi yokuzvitonga. Somuenzaniso, vana, vanhu vachitambura nezvirwere, kana vanhu vanogara ezvinhu zvikuru kungopfeka rusununguko angasakwanisa kuita sezvo zvionera zvizere vanhu, uye vanhu ava, saka pasi kuchengetedzwa.
Kushandisa nheyo Kuremekedza Persons vari digitaalinen zera kunogona kuva kwakaoma. Somuenzaniso, mune digitaalinen zera tsvakurudzo, zvingatiomera kupa mamwe kuchengetedzwa vanhu vane Nemhaka kusanganisa vazvitonge nokuti vanotsvakurudza kazhinji kuziva zvishomanana pamusoro avo kuvatori vechikamu. Uyezve, kuudzwa mvumo muna digitaalinen zera evanhu tsvakurudzo kwakaoma rakakura. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, zvechokwadi omuzvarirwo vanogona kutambura kubva pachena gangaidzo (Nissenbaum 2011) , apo mashoko nokunzwisisa dzisingawirirani. Nehasha, kana vaongorori mashoko azere pamusoro yezvakaita mashoko mutero, mashoko pachisara uye mashoko nokuchengeteka miitiro, ichava kuomera vechikamu zhinji kunzwisisa. Asi, kana vaongorori inopa inonzwisisika mashoko, zvingava havana kukosha rwokugadzira mashoko. In zvokurapa tsvakurudzo vari analoginen zera-ari kudzora marongero ichaongororwa neKomiti Belmont Report-munhu aigona kufungidzira chiremba kutaura somunhu pamwe imwe neimwe yeboka kuti vabatsire kugadzirisa pachena gangaidzo. Muzvidzidzo paIndaneti chokuita zviuru kana kuti mamiriyoni evanhu, vakadai chiso nechiso nzira hazvibviri. Dambudziko yechipiri kubvumirana pane digitaalinen zera ndechokuti mune dzimwe ongororo, akadai kuongorora muhombe mashoko repositories, zvingava seasingabatsiri kuwana omuzvarirwo kubva kuvatori vechikamu vese. Ini kukurukura mibvunzo iyi nemimwe pamusoro yakaudza mvumo zvakadzama muChikamu 6.6.1. Zvisinei, pasinei nematambudziko aya, tinofanira kuyeuka kuti omuzvarirwo hakuna zvakakodzera kana kwakakwanira Kuremekedza Persons.
Kuti uwane pamusoro zvokurapa tsvakurudzo pamberi omuzvarirwo, ona Miller (2014) . Nokuti bhuku-urefu Mabatirwo omuzvarirwo, ona Manson and O'Neill (2007) . Onawo Zviverengo pamusoro yakaudza mvumo pazasi.
Harms kuti akapoteredza ndicho chakaipa kuti kutsvakurudza angaita kwete yakananga vanhu asi yokushamwaridzana pazviruva. Pfungwa iyi zvishoma tiivistelmä, asi ini ndichaenda muenzaniso mienzaniso miviri: rimwe analoginen mumwe digitaalinen.
A klassiske Muenzaniso pokukuvadza kuti akapoteredza rinobva Wichita vaiongorora Study [ Vaughan (1967) ; Katz, Capron, and Glass (1972) ; Ch 2] -. Uyewo dzimwe nguva inonzi Chicago vaiongorora Project (Cornwell 2010) . Muchidzidzo ichi vatsvakurudzi kubva University of Chicago, sechikamu kudzidza pamusoro evanhu zvinobatanidzwa pamutemo hurongwa, pachivande akanyorwa nhanhatu vaiongorora kunzvera muna Wichita, Kansas yakakura. Vatongi nemagweta ari zviitiko akanga abvumirana zvakarekodhwa, uye pakanga kunyatsoomerera rokutarisira kwacho. Zvisinei, jurors vakanga vasingazivi kuti zvakarekodhwa vakanga kuitika. Pakangotanga kudzidza wawanikwa, pakanga paruzhinji kushatirwa. The Justice Department akatanga kuongorora nyaya yacho yokudzidza, uye vatsvakurudzi makadanirwa kupupurira pamberi Congress. Pakupedzisira, Congress vakapfuura mutemo mutsva inoita kuti pamutemo kunyora muchivande vaiongorora wotsvakurudza.
Kufunga vanotsoropodza Wichita vaiongorora Study haana kukuvadza kuvatori vechikamu; asi zvakanga pokukuvadza kuti akapoteredza vaiongorora wotsvakurudza. Kureva, vanhu vaidavira kuti kana vatongi nhengo havana kutenda kuti vakanga kukurukura zviri yakachengeteka uye akadzivirira nzvimbo, zvingava kuomera vaiongorora kunzvera kuti asaende mune ramangwana. Kuwedzera vaiongorora wotsvakurudza, pane zvimwe evanhu achinzi kuti nzanga anopa vane mamwe kudzivirira akadai gweta-nemhosva ukama uye mupfungwa hanya (MacCarthy 2015) .
Nengozi pokukuvadza kuti akapoteredza uye nokuvhiringidzirwa magariro evanhu uyewo anokwira mune dzimwe munda kuedza muna Political Science (Desposato 2016b) . Nokuti muenzaniso kupfuura chechinyorwa-inonyatsoziva mutengo-kubatsira kukarukureta kuti munda Kuedza Political Science, ona Zimmerman (2016) .
Zviripe vechikamu kwave munyaya dzinoverengeka mezviruva chokuita digitaalinen zera tsvakurudzo. Lanier (2014) zvinganaka kubhadhara vatori vechikamu digitaalinen zvisaririra ivo chamutsa. Bederson and Quinn (2011) inokurukura mari vari paIndaneti mumisika basa. Pakupedzisira, Desposato (2016a) proposes kubhadhara vechikamu mumunda kuedza. Iye anotaura kuti kunyange kana vatori hazvigoni kubhadharwa zvakananga, mari yaigona kuitwa neboka kushanda akavamiririra. Somuenzaniso, muna encore vaongorori angadai akaita mari kune boka kushanda kutsigira Indaneti.
Terms-of-basa zvibvumirano vanofanira shoma uremu pane zvibvumirano nekambani pakati vakaenzana kumapati uye mitemo akasikwa chepamutemo hurumende. Mamiriro ezvinhu apo vatsvakurudzi vakatyora mashoko-of-basa zvibvumirano kare kazhinji zvinosanganisirei kushandisa zvoga queries kuongorora maitiro makambani (zvikuru kufanana munda kuedza kuyera rusarura). Okuwedzera hurukuro ona Vaccaro et al. (2015) , Bruckman (2016a) , Bruckman (2016b) . Nokuti muenzaniso empirical tsvakurudzo kuti inokurukura mashoko basa, ona Soeller et al. (2016) . Kuti uwane pamusoro zvinogona matambudziko pamutemo vatsvakurudzi nazvo kana ivo kutyora mashoko basa ona Sandvig and Karahalios (2016) .
Zviri pachena, yakawanda zvakanyorwa pamusoro consequentialism uye deontology. Nokuti muenzaniso sei zveupfumi izvi chemufungo, uye vamwe, unogona kushandiswa pakukurukura anenge digitaalinen zera tsvakurudzo, ona Zevenbergen et al. (2015) . Nokuti muenzaniso sei zveupfumi izvi chemufungo inogona kushandiswa munda kuedza muna kuva nemari, ona Baele (2013) .
Kuti uwane pamusoro odhita zvidzidzo rusarura, ona Pager (2007) uye Riach and Rich (2004) . Havaiti zvidzidzo izvi vasina omuzvarirwo, ivo zvinosanganisira unyengeri pasina debriefing.
Vose Desposato (2016a) uye Humphreys (2015) kupa zano pamusoro munda kuedza pasina kubvumirana.
Sommers and Miller (2013) akaongororazve nharo zhinji vachida kwete debriefing vechikamu pashure unyengeri, uye anoti nevatsvakurudzi vanofanira kurega "debriefing pasi nhete chaizvo yakatarwa ezvinhu, kureva, mumunda tsvakurudzo umo debriefing dzakunokonzera wandei inoshanda zvipingamupinyi asi vaongorori vaizova vasingatombonetseki pamusoro debriefing kana zvavaikwanisa. Vatsvakurudzi havafaniri kubvumirwa kusiyana debriefing kuti achengetedze ruzivo ubatanidzwe dziva, kumudzivirira pachavo kubva mukwikwidzi hasha, kana kudzivirira vechikamu vasakuvadzwa. "Vamwe vanoti kana debriefing kunokonzera zvakawanda kukuvadza pane zvakanaka zvinofanira kuitwa. Debriefing iri nyaya apo vamwe vatsvakurudzi tanga Kuremekedza Persons pamusoro Beneficence, uye vamwe vaongorori vanoita zvakapesana. Mumwe Zvingangokubatsirai kwaizova kutsvaka nzira kuti debriefing ane ruzivo kudzidza kuti vechikamu. Ndiko, pane kufunga debriefing sezvo chinhu chinogona kukuvadza, zvichida debriefing kunogonawo kuva chinhu rinobatsira vechikamu. Nokuti muenzaniso dzidzo debriefing mhando ichi, ona Jagatic et al. (2007) pazuva debriefing vadzidzi pashure pasocial phishing chiedzwa. Vanachiremba zvakagadzira dzokubvisa debriefing (DS Holmes 1976a; DS Holmes 1976b; Mills 1976; Baumrind 1985; Oczak and Niedźwieńska 2007) uye vamwe ava vangave usefully kushandiswa digitaalinen zera tsvakurudzo. Humphreys (2015) inopa pfungwa dzinonakidza pamusoro ichinonoka mvumo, iro rakada kufanana debriefing nzira kuti I akarondedzera.
Pfungwa kubvunza nzwisa vatori vavo mvumo wakabatana chii Humphreys (2015) anodana vakaturikira vachiti kubvumirana.
Chimwe yokuti kwave aronga nehochekoche omuzvarirwo ndiko kuvaka eDare vanhu vanobvuma kuva paIndaneti kuedza (Crawford 2014) . Vamwe vachiti remadziro ichi kwaizova asiri kurongwa nzwisa vanhu. Asi, Chapter 3 (Kubvunza mibvunzo) inoratidza kuti matambudziko aya vanokwanisa addressable vachishandisa post-stratification uye mharidzo enzanirana. Uyewo, Usatenda kuva pamusoro Panel aigona kufukidza zvakasiyana siyana kuedza. Nemamwe mashoko, vatori irege vanofanira kubvuma mumwe kuedza nomumwe, pfungwa inonzi paupamhi mvumo (Sheehan 2011) .
Kure nemamwe, riri Netflix Prize inoratidza inokosha hwokugadzira pfuma datasets dzine kwemashoko akazara pamusoro vanhu, uye nokudaro anopa zvidzidzo zvinokosha nezvomukana "anonymization" mazuva ano evanhu datasets. Mafaira akawanda zvidimbu mashoko pamusoro mumwe munhu vanogona kuva sparse, mupfungwa rinorondedzerwa pamutemo muna Narayanan and Shmatikov (2008) . Ndiko, nokuti mumwe nomumwe zvinyorwa hapana zvinyorwa zviri zvakafanana, uye chokwadi hakuna zvinyorwa yakafanana chaizvo: mumwe munhu ari kure muvakidzani wavo pedyo vari dataset. Mumwe anogona kufungidzira kuti Netflix mashoko angava sparse nokuti pamwe anenge 20,000 mabhaisikopu pane 5 nyeredzi scale, pane anenge \ (6 ^ {20,000} \) zvinogoneka tsika mumwe munhu aigona kuva (6 nokuti kuwedzera mumwe 5 nyeredzi , munhu angadai asina yavose sezvavakatarirwa firimu zvachose). nhamba iyi yakakura, zvakaoma kunyange kunzwisisa.
Sparsity zvine cho- huru mbiri. Chokutanga, zvinoreva kuti kuedza 'anonymize "ari dataset yakavakirwa angangoda kupera asingashumbi perturbation. Ndiko, kunyange kana Netflix vaifanira randomly kuchinja zvimwe ratings (zvavakaita), izvi zvaisazova zvakakwana nokuti nekusiyana chinyorwa uchiri pedyo zvichibvira rekodhi kuti mashoko zvebhinya ane. Chechipiri, sparsity zvinoreva kuti de-anonymization zvinogoneka kunyange kana zvebhinya ane ruzivo kukwana kana asingasaruri. Somuenzaniso, muna Netflix data, ngationei fungidzira zvebhinya anoziva ratings venyu vaviri mafirimu uye misi iwe wakaita avo ratings +/- 3 mazuva; chete kuti mashoko chete zvakakwana kwzvo kuziva 68% vanhu vari Netflix mashoko. Kana kumurwisa anoziva 8 mafirimu kuti imi yavose sezvavakatarirwa +/- 14 days, ipapo kunyange kana vaviri ava anozivikanwa ratings kururama zvachose, 99% zvinyorwa zvinogona kwzvo kuzivikanwa muna dataset. Nemamwe mashoko, sparsity chinhu chinokosha dambudziko nokuda pakuedza "anonymize" data, inova zvinosuwisa nokuti vakawanda ano evanhu dataset vari sparse.
Telephone metadata vo zvingaita 'vasingazivikanwi "uye kwete namakemikari, asi kuti hazvina kudaro. Telephone metadata ndiko dzinozivikanwa uye nehanya (Mayer, Mutchler, and Mitchell 2016; Landau 2016) .
Muna Figure 6.6, Ini sketched panze basa-kure pakati risk vechikamu uye zvinobatsira kuti kutsvakurudza kubva date kusunungurwa. Nokuti Kuenzanisa pakati Restricted kuwana nzira (semuenzaniso, bindu rakakomberedzwa) uye kuganhurirwa date Nzira (semuenzaniso, vamwe chimiro anonymization) ona Reiter and Kinney (2011) . Nokuti akafunga categorization hurongwa ngozi kwevari data, ona Sweeney, Crosas, and Bar-Sinai (2015) . Pakupedzisira, nokuti mamwe wemauto anokurukura date kugoverana, ona Yakowitz (2011) .
Kuti uwane mamwe mashoko kuongorora uku wezvokutengeserana-kure pakati nengozi uye utility pamusoro data, ona Brickell and Shmatikov (2008) , Ohm (2010) , Wu (2013) , Reiter (2012) , uye Goroff (2015) . Kuti uone ichi kutengeserana-kure rinoshandisirwa zvechokwadi mashoko kubva massively pachena paIndaneti makosi (MOOCs), ona Daries et al. (2014) uye Angiuli, Blitzstein, and Waldo (2015) .
Differential zvakavanzika anopawo imwe nzira yokutaura kuti anogona sangana vaviri mukuru kubatsira kuti nzanga uye vakaderera risk vechikamu ona Dwork and Roth (2014) uye Narayanan, Huey, and Felten (2016) .
Kuti uwane pamusoro pfungwa pachake azivikanwe mashoko (PII), inova ndiyo musimboti vakawanda mitemo pamusoro pakutsvakurudza nezvetsika, ona Narayanan and Shmatikov (2010) uye Schwartz and Solove (2011) . Kuti uwane pamusoro mashoko ose ari angangokuvadza namakemikari, ona Ohm (2015) .
Muchikamu chino, ndava wairatidza linkage dzakasiyana datasets sezvo chinhu chinogona kukonzera informational ngozi. Zvisinei, izvozvo zvinogonawo mikana mitsva kutsvakurudza, sezvo nharo muna Currie (2013) .
Kuti uwane pamusoro safes mashanu, ona Desai, Ritchie, and Welpton (2016) . Nokuti muenzaniso sei outputs zvinogona chinozivisa, ona Brownstein, Cassa, and Mandl (2006) , izvo zvinoratidza sei mepu chirwere kwakapararira zvinogona azivikanwe. Dwork et al. (2017) Uyewo nezvenhanho kurwisa uwandu hwezvinhu zvose zvabatanidzwa. data, akadai nhamba sei vanhu vakawanda vane imwe chirwere.
Warren and Brandeis (1890) ndiro muganhu pamutemo nyaya oga, uye nyaya chinonyanya chokuita yokuti voga ane kodzero kuti ndasara ndoga. More ichangopfuura bhuku urefu kurapa voga kuti ndinoda kukuudza anosanganisira Solove (2010) uye Nissenbaum (2010) .
Nokuti Kudzokorora empirical tsvakurudzo sei vanhu kufunga zvakavanzika, ona Acquisti, Brandimarte, and Loewenstein (2015) . Magazini Science yakabudisa nyaya inokosha vanoda "Kuguma Privacy", iro rinotaura nyaya voga uye mashoko pangozi kubva siyana kumaonero akasiyana-siyana; nekuti pfupiso ona Enserink and Chin (2015) . Calo (2011) inopa urongwa nokuti kufunga pamusoro pokukuvadza inobva oga kutyorwa. Muenzaniso nezvemhosva voga vari chaizvo kutanga digitaalinen zera mangwanani ndiye Packard (1964) .
Rimwe dambudziko kana kuedza kushandisa shoma ngozi mureza ndechokuti hazvisi pachena ane upenyu hwezuva nezuva ndiko kushandiswa benchmarking (Council 2014) . Somuenzaniso, vanhu vasina misha dzine kwevari kusagadzikana muupenyu hwavo hwezuva nezuva. Asi, izvozvo hazvirevi kuti tsika dzinobvumira chipatara chinobatsira bvumidzwa kuti afumure vasina pokugara vanhu dzakakwirira tsvakurudzo pangozi. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, pane zvinoratidza kukura tabvumirana kuti zvishoma ngozi inofanira benchmarked pamusoro Kazhinji yevagari mureza, kwete imwe hwevanhu mureza. Ndichiri kazhinji vanobvuma pfungwa vakawanda vanogara mureza, ndinofunga kuti hombe paIndaneti platforms akadai Facebook, yakananga hwevanhu mwero musoro. Ndiko, kana tichifunga Emotional Contagion, ndinofunga kuti hazvina musoro chiero pamusoro ngozi nezuva on Facebook. A wakananga hwevanhu mureza hazvisi nyore zvikuru kuongorora uye angangotadza nezvinotaurwa nheyo Justice inotsvaka kudzivisa mitoro pakutsvakurudza kwokukundikana zvisiri pasi anoitirwa mapoka (semuenzaniso, vasungwa uye nherera).
Dzimwe nyanzvi hunonziwo mamwe mapepa kusanganisira chemufungo horokodzwa (Schultze and Mason 2012; Kosinski et al. 2015) . King and Sands (2015) anopawo mazano mazano.