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Chikumbiro chekuwedzera muhoro: chechikwata chako
PAKAVHA : Mubairo mu2022 mangwanani timu
Mai X, Mr Y,
Takangove nekugadzirisa kwangu kwepagore pa xxxxxx. Mukati mokutsinhana kwedu, takakurukura wedzero inobvira kuvabatani vangu uye neni pachangu.
Ini ndaida kusimbisa chikumbiro changu nekukupa chaiyo mienzaniso yemabasa andakwanisa kuita nechikwata changu.
- Mirayiridzo yangu inogara yakajeka uye yakarongeka.
- Zvinangwa zvinowanzoita nhevedzano yemabasa akanyatsotsanangurwa anogoneka kuitwa nenhengo dzeboka.
- Ndinogara ndichiteerera
- Ndinonyatsoziva kuziva mapoinzi akasimba echimwe nechimwe uye nekuaisa kumberi kwekubudirira kwemisheni yedu.
- Pakupedzisira, mudhipatimendi rangu, mamiriro ekunze akanaka kwazvo. Kune hukuru hwekubatana kweboka uye simba rinobatsira munhu wese
- munhu ari wose anotarisana nemitoro yake, anoita basa rake nounyanzvi, uye nokudisa anopa betsero apo inodikanwa.
Ndinoda chaizvo kuti utarise zvese izvi zvinhu zvinoita kwandiri senge zvakakosha pakubudirira kwekambani, uye kuti iwe unopa muhoro wekuwedzera wegore ra2022 kune vese vashandi vangu. Kungava kuzivikanwa kwechokwadi kwavari uye pamusoro pezvose, kuwedzera kuduku uku kuchavapa kukurudzira kukuru kutanga gore idzva.
Ini ndinoramba ndiri paruoko rwako rwese kana iwe uchida kutaura nezvazvo zvakare.
Ndapota gamuchirai, Mai X, Mr. Y, kwaziso dzangu dzechokwadi.
Chikumbiro chekuwedzera muhoro: Bank Inishuwarenzi chikamu
PAKAVHA : Mubairo wangu muna 2022
Mai X, Mr Y,
Kubva xxxxxx, ndanga ndashandirwa nebhanga sechipangamazano.
Kana ndikazvibvumira kukunyorerai nhasi ndezvekutaura chinhu chiri padyo nemoyo wangu: mubairo wangu wegore ra2022.
Nditenderei kutanga ndisimbirire pachokwadi chekuti pakupera kwaMbudzi ndakazadzisa zvinangwa zvamakanga mandipa, zvinoti:
- Huwandu hwekuvhurwa kweakaundi hwakawedzera kubva kuxx muna 2020 kuenda kuxx muna 2021
- Kunyoresa kumasevhisi anopihwa nebhangi kune xx vatengi, kureva huwandu hwese: xxxx euros.
- Life Insurance yakawedzerawo zvakanyanya.
Ndakapindawo kudzidziswa kwese kuti ndizive chimwe nechimwe chezvigadzirwa zvemari zvinokurudzirwa neBank.
Pakupedzisira, ndiri kufambira mberi zvakajeka kune inishuwarenzi. Sezvamakandiratidza panguva yekubvunzurudzwa kwedu gore rapfuura, iyi yaive pfungwa isina simba kwandiri. Iwe wakabvumawo kuti ndinotevera kudzidziswa kutsva, kwakandibatsira zvakanyanya kuita mharidzo dzangu kune vatengi.
Ichi ndicho chikonzero ndichizvibvumira kukumbira kubvunzurudzwa newe kuti tikurukure nezvemuhoro wangu wegore ra2022.
Lors de ce rendez-vous, j’envisage également de vous demander une formation sur la vente de l’ensemble de nos produits par téléphone. Je pense que je serais alors beaucoup plus performant.
Ehe, ini ndinoramba ndinewe yese kana iwe uchida chero rumwe ruzivo.
Ndapota gamuchirai, Mai X, Mr. Y, kwaziso dzangu dzechokwadi.
Chikumbiro chekuwedzera muhoro: mubatsiri mukuru
PAKAVHA : Mubairo wangu muna 2022
Madam Director, Mr Director,
Mushandi wechimiro chedu chidiki kubva XXXXXX, ini parizvino ndine chinzvimbo chemubatsiri mukuru.
Ndinokutendai neruvimbo rwamunoisa mandiri.
Hunyanzvi hwangu, kupindura kwangu uye mari yangu zvakagara zvichizivikanwa. Muna 2021, ndakaita shanduko dzakati wandei dzisina kungodzikisa imwe mari yekushandisa, asi zvakare yakavandudza hupenyu hwemukati hwekambani.
Ndinogona kukupa mienzaniso mishoma inokosha:
- Ndakanyorerana chibvumirano chandakanga ndisati ndamboita nekambani yokuchenesa. Huwandu hwebhenefiti hwakaderedzwa ne xx%. Kunyange zvazvo kunaka kwebasa raunzwa nemukurukuri mutsva kwakavandudzwa. Nzvimbo yacho inonakidza zvakanyanya!
- Ndakashandawo pamitengo yezvinhu zvemuhofisi uye ikoko zvakare, ndakakwanisa kuhwina mamiriro ari nani.
- Tose takagadzira chinyorwa chemukati umo ndakanyora zvinyorwa zvishoma.
Chekupedzisira, ndinogara ndiripo kuti ndipindure zvese zvikumbiro zvako uye ndinokasira kuita nekukurumidza sezvaunoda.
Ndosaka ndichizvibvumira kuti ndikukumbire kuti uwane wedzero yemuhoro wegore ra2022, zvingave kurudziro chaiyo kwandiri.
Naizvozvo ndinovimba kuti tichazotaura nezvenyaya iyi pamwe chete munguva yemberi yauchabvuma kundipa.
Ndapota, gamuchirai, Madam Director, Mr Director, kwaziso yangu yechokwadi.
Chikumbiro chekuwedzera muhoro: mumiriri wekufamba
PAKAVHA : Mubairo wangu muna 2022
Mai X, Mr Y,
Mushandi wekambani kubva XXXXXX, ini parizvino ndine chinzvimbo chemumiriri wekufamba.
Ndinonyatsoziva kuti dambudziko ratiri kutarisana naro tese parizvino rakakukanganisa uye kuti wakasangana nematambudziko asingaverengeki. Nekudaro, kuchengetedza kwakawedzera zvakare (kunyanya kumatunhu akasiyana eFrance) uye zvikumbiro zvekubhadhara mota zviri kuwedzera zvakare.
Ichi ndicho chikonzero ndichizvibvumira kukumbira nguva yekusangana newe kuti tikurukure pamwe chete mubairo wangu muna 2022.
Ndaidawo kutaura kuti vamwe vandinoshanda navo vaviri vakasiya kambani uye ini ndini ndiri kutungamira mafaera avo. Ini ndinotevera nexxx vatengi nepo kare nhamba yavo yaingova xxx. Pakupedzisira, ndakachengeta xxx muna 2021, inomiririra kukura kwe% zvichienzaniswa ne2019, gore iro denda reCovid rakanga risati raitika.
Ini ndinoda chaizvo kuratidza kukoshesa kwangu uye inivhesiti yangu mukambani. Kukwidziridzwa kwaizove kucherechedzwa kwebasa rangu.
Ini ndinoramba, hongu, paunayo wako kana iwe uchida chero rumwe ruzivo.
Ndapota gamuchirai, Mai X, Mr. Y, kwaziso dzangu dzechokwadi.
Chikumbiro chekuwedzera muhoro: charterer
PAKAVHA : Mubairo wangu muna 2022
Mai X, Mr Y,
Mushandi wekambani kubva XXXXXX, ini parizvino ndine chinzvimbo chechata.
Nyanzvi yechokwadi musangano rekutakura, basa rangu rakagovaniswa sezvizvi:
- Hukama nevatengi vane zvinhu zvekutakura
- Tsvaga mutakuri achapa sevhisi iyi
- Kurukurai mutengo
- Ita shuwa kuti zvinodiwa nevatengi zvinotaurirwa zvakanaka kumutyairi
- Tarisa kuti zvinhu zvaendeswa here
Mune basa iri, rinoitwa chete parunhare, ndine hukama hwakanaka nevatengi. Zvinofanira kutaurwa kuti ndakavaka network chaiyo yevatakuri vanoisa chivimbo chavo mandiri uye vane hunhu hwesevhisi hwakafanana neni. Naizvozvo ndinopindura zvakanyanya uye vanhu vese vandinoshanda navo vanogutsikana zvizere. Ndakava mubatsiri wavo welogistics uye ndisisaite zvekutengesa.
Tous ces points sont à l’origine pour notre entreprise d’une progression de son chiffre d’affaires de xx % sur l’année 2021 malgré les problèmes de la Pandémie.
Ndosaka zvaiita sezviri pamutemo kwandiri panguva yekubvunzurudza kwedu kwekupedzisira kukukumbirai kuwedzera muhoro wangu wegore ra2022. Ini ndinotora rusununguko rwekunyora zvese izvi mukunyora, kuti mugone kuongorora kusimba kwangu uye chishuwo changu ita zvakawanda nguva dzose, ita zviri nani nguva dzose.
Ndichimirira sarudzo yako, ini ndinoramba ndiri pazvauinazvo zvese.
Ndapota gamuchirai, Mai X, Mr. Y, kwaziso dzangu dzechokwadi.
Chikumbiro chekuwedzera muhoro: kugamuchira
PAKAVHA : Mubairo wangu muna 2022
Mai X, Mr Y,
Takabvumirana kundigadzirisa zvepagore paXXXXXX. Munguva iyi yebvunzurudzo, ndinoda kuti titaure pamusoro pemuripo wangu wegore ra 2022. Zvinoratidzika kwandiri kuti ndaratidza kubatanidzwa kwangu mukati mekambani, kunyanya nemienzaniso iyi mishoma:
- Kutambira kwekambani iyi kunogara kuchichengetedzwa zvisina tsarukano kuitira kuti veruzhinji vanzwe vakasununguka
- Tsamba nemapasuru zvinogara zvichitumirwa nenguva.
- Ndakagadzira nzira yekutaurirana, kuburikidza neSkype, kuzivisa waunoshanda naye nezvekusvika kwepakeji
Naizvozvo ini ndinozvibvumira kukumbira kuwedzerwa muhoro wegore ra2022, zvingave kurudziro chaiyo uye kumwe kuzivikanwa kwandiri. Ini ndakatogadzirira, hongu, kutora mamwe mamisheni uye mamwe mabasa anogona kuvandudza kushanda kwekambani senge: maneja ezvikepe zvemotokari (inishuwarenzi, kuongororwa, kuongororwa kwemagetsi emitero), rendi. Ehe, ini ndinogona kukuendesa akasiyana mazano kwauri.
Naizvozvo ndinovimba kuti tichataura pamusoro peiyi nhau pamwe chete mukati mokugadzwa kwomunguva yemberi kwamuchandipa nomutsa.
Ndapota gamuchirai, Mai X, Mr. Y, kwaziso dzangu dzechokwadi.
Chikumbiro chekuwedzera muhoro: mutengi
PAKAVHA : Mubairo wangu muna 2022
Mai X, Mr Y,
Kubva XXXXXX, ndinoshandisa basa remutengi mukati meKambani XXXXXX.
Neruzivo rwangu rwechinzvimbo uye ruzivo rwangu, ndinonzwa ndakagadzirira nhasi kutora mabasa matsva.
Nditenderei kutanga pane zvese kuti ndipfupise pano nemazwi mashoma, mamishini akasiyana andakaita zvinobudirira kubva pandakasvika.
- Ndakamisa vanopa masevhisi matsva izvo zvakaita kuti kambani ideredze zvakanyanya mutengo wezvikamu zvedu.
- Ndakaongorora zvese zvakapihwa kubva kune vekare vatengesi uye isu takagadziridza maitiro edu navo.
- Ndakatauriranawo nezvemazuva ekugadzirisa kuti ndikwanise kupindura nekukurumidza kune zvinodiwa nevatengi vedu.
Pakupedzisira, ndakadzidza kudyiwa kwechimwe nechimwe chezvinhu uye ndakaronga kuzadzazve otomatiki kuitira kuti dhipatimendi rekugadzira risambopera.
Sezvamunoziva, ndagara ndichidzivirira zvido zvekambani uye ndicharamba ndichidaro, nokuti ndiwo maonero andinoita basa rangu.
Ichi ndicho chikonzero ndinotora rusununguko rwekukumbira kuti mundipe nemutsa nguva yekusangana, panguva yenyu, kuti tikurukure.
Ndapota gamuchirai, Mai X, Mr. Y, kwaziso dzangu dzechokwadi.
Muhoro wekuwedzera chikumbiro: mutengesi mubatsiri
PAKAVHA : Mubairo wangu muna 2022
Mai X, Mr Y,
Mushandi wekambani kubva XXXXXX, ini parizvino ndine chinzvimbo cheMutengesi Mubatsiri.
Hunyanzvi hwangu, kupindura kwangu uye mari yangu zvakagara zvichizivikanwa. Muna 2021, mibairo yakawanikwa uye mishoni yandaive nebasa nayo yakagonesa kambani kuvandudza zvakanyanya sevhisi yayo kune vatengi. Ndinozvibvumira, panyaya iyi, kuti nditaure mimwe mienzaniso chaiyo:
Iyo kambani yakamisa, nekubatana kwangu, software nyowani yekupinda uye yekutevera maodha evatengi. Saka ini ndinobata nezviitiko zvakawanda pazuva: XXXXXX pachinzvimbo cheXXXXXX kare.
Ndakagadzirawo misangano yevhiki nevhiki nemumwe wangu kubva muchitoro, izvo zvinondipa mukana wekutora faira yega yega. Ini saka ndinocherekedza kutaurirana kuri nani pakati pemadhipatimendi edu, izvo zvinonditendera kuti ndipindure zvakanyanya kune vatengi vedu sezvo ini ndichigona kuvapa mhinduro yekukurumidza.
Pakupedzisira, ndakatora zvidzidzo zveChirungu gore rose kuburikidza neCPF, nevhidhiyo, manheru kumba. Ichokwadi kuti kudzidziswa kwemunhu, asi hunyanzvi uhu huri pamusoro pezvese hunoiswa kubatsira kambani sezvo ini ndinozvishandisa mazuva ese mukuita mabasa angu.
Ini nokudaro ndinozvibvumira kukumbira kuwedzerwa muhoro wegore ra2022, izvo zvingave kurudziro chaiyo kwandiri.
Naizvozvo ndinovimba kuti tichataura pamusoro peiyi nhau pamwe chete mukati mokugadzwa kwomunguva yemberi kwamuchandipa nomutsa.
Ndapota gamuchirai, Mai X, Mr. Y, kwaziso dzangu dzechokwadi.
Chikumbiro chekuwedzera muhoro: kugara uchitengesa
PAKAVHA : Mubairo wangu muna 2022
Mai X, Mr Y,
Mushandi wekambani kubva XXXXXX, ini parizvino ndine chinzvimbo chekugara kushambadzira
Kubva zuva iroro, ndakavandudza hunyanzvi hwangu kubva pandakawana ruzivo rwese rwehunyanzvi runodiwa kupindura mibvunzo yevatengi uye kutora makotesheni. Ndakatevera akawanda makosi ekudzidzisa uye handizezi kubvunza dhipatimendi rekugadzira kuti rinzwisise kuti chikamu chinoshanda sei uye maitiro ayo ekugadzira.
Kubva zvino zvichienda mberi, ndiri kuita zvakawanda uye nhamba yefungidziro yandinogadza hairegi kukura. Chokwadi, muna 2021, ndakaita xx makotesheni muna 2020, iyo nhamba yaive xx.
Pakupedzisira, sezvamunoziva, ndakaiswa mari yakakwana mubasa rangu uye ndinogara ndiripo. Vanhu vanotengesa vandinoshanda navo vanozosimbisa kuti ndinogara ndiri pabasa revatengi vavo.
Naizvozvo zvinoratidzika kwandiri kuti ndakavandudza zvakanyanya kunaka kwehukama netarisiro uye nevatengi vedu venguva dzose.
Kunyoreswa kwevanokwanisa kugadzwa kwakagadzirwawo. Izvi zvaita kuti mubairo uwedzere ne xx% gore rino.
Ichi ndicho chikonzero ndichizvibvumira kukumbira kubvunzurudzwa newe kuti tikurukure nezvemuhoro wangu wegore ra2022.
ndinoramba ndiri mumaoko enyu.
Ndapota gamuchirai, Mai X, Mr. Y, kwaziso dzangu dzechokwadi.
Chikumbiro chekuwedzera muhoro: accountant 1
PAKAVHA : Mubairo wangu muna 2022
Mai X, Mr Y,
Kutevera kubvunzurudza kwedu kwexxxxxx, ndinozvibvumira kunyora zvinyorwa zvakasimudzwa zvine chekuita nemuhoro wangu wegore ra2022.
Chekutanga, ndinoda kukuyeuchidzai kuti ndanga ndichishanda seakaunzi kubva xxxxxx mukati meKambani YY uye kuti ndinoda basa rangu.
Isu takaongorora pamwe chete mamishini akaitwa muna 2021 uye iwe wakasimbisa kuti wakatenda mari yangu uye pamusoro pese kubudirira kwechimwe nechimwe.
Saka, ndakagadzira pepa remari mwedzi wega wega iro rakakubatsira kuita sarudzo uye kutonga kambani sezvaunokwanisa.
Ini ndakamisikidza kunyanya kutarisisa kwekubhadharwa kwevatengi uye nekuda kweizvi, miripo yakabhadharwa yakaderedzwa zvakanyanya. Muna 2020, takanga tine huwandu hwe……….uye kunonoka kwe…….. mazuva apo muna 2021 mari yacho……….uye huwandu hwemazuva hwave………..
Naizvozvo ndinozvibvumira kudzokorora chikumbiro changu chekuwedzera muhoro wegore ra2022, izvo zvingave kurudziro chaiyo kwandiri.
Zviripachena kuti ndinewe kana uchida kutaura nezvazvo zvakare.
Ndapota gamuchirai, Mai X, Mr. Y, kwaziso dzangu dzechokwadi.
Chikumbiro chekuwedzera muhoro: accountant 2
PAKAVHA : Mubairo wangu muna 2022
Mai X, Mr Y,
Kubva xxxxxx mukati meKambani, ini ndinoshandisa basa reakaundendi uye ndiri kutonga zvakanyanya zvesocial.
Aya makore maviri apfuura 2 uye 2020 anga akanyanya kundiomera. Denda risati ramboitika uye nemamiriro akaomarara ataifanira kugadzirisa akandimanikidza kuti ndijaire nyaya dzakasiyana. Pasina kudzidziswa, zvaive zvakakodzera kugadzira zvikamu zvitsva mumapayslips. Ndaitarisirawo kubhadharwa kwevasina basa uye ukama hwose nevakuru vakuru. Paaudit yake, accountant akasimbisawo kuti pakanga pasina kukanganisa.
Chiitiko ichi chave chichipfumisa zvikuru kwandiri uye ndinoratidzika kunge ndakatora dambudziko racho zvakanyanya. Ndakadyara mari yakawanda kuti sevhisi ishande zvakajairwa uye kuti vandinoshanda navo vasatambure, pamusoro pekukuvadzwa kwakakonzerwa nedenda iri, mamwe matambudziko.
Naizvozvo zvingave zvine mubairo mukuru kuti ndikwanise kuwana wedzero yemuhoro wangu.
Zviripachena kuti ndinewe kana uchida kutaura nezvazvo panguva yekusangana.
Ndapota gamuchirai, Mai X, Mr. Y, kwaziso dzangu dzechokwadi.
Chikumbiro chekuwedzera muhoro: yokuvaka
PAKAVHA : Mubairo wangu muna 2022
Mai X, Mr Y,
Mushandi wekambani kubva XXXXXX, ini parizvino ndine chinzvimbo chekuvandudza.
Kubva zuva iroro, ndakaenderera mberi nekufambisa kuvandudzwa kwezvikumbiro zvakasiyana-siyana zvekambani.
Sezvaunoziva, ndakatungamira mapurojekiti akati wandei akakonzera kutengesa.
Ini zvakare ndiri mutsigiri wevatengi wekushandisa webhusaiti yedu nyowani uye zvese zviri kufamba zvakanaka.
Chekupedzisira, parizvino ndiri kugadzira application inozosandura nzira yedu yekushanda uye pamusoro pezvose kuchengetedza nguva yakakosha kune vese vashandi vekambani.
Ini ndiri kugadzira zvakanyanya, ndinogara ndichishandisa mhinduro dzakakodzera kuti ndiwane yakavimbika uye intuitive komputa system. Ndine mari yakakwana mubasa rangu uye ndinogara ndiripo.
Saka zvinoratidzika kwandiri kuti ndakavandudza zvakanyanya kunaka kwebasa remunhu wese. Ini ndinogara ndichitsvaga kuti matekinoroji matsva anoshanduka sei, ndinotarisawo kuti mawebhusaiti evanokwikwidza edu akamisikidzwa sei.
Ichi ndicho chikonzero ndichizvibvumira kukumbira kubvunzurudzwa newe kuti tikurukure nezvemuhoro wangu wegore ra2022.
ndinoramba ndiri mumaoko enyu.
Ndapota gamuchirai, Mai X, Mr. Y, kwaziso dzangu dzechokwadi.
Kumbira kuwedzerwa muhoro: pkwese kwese 1
PAKAVHA : Mubairo wangu muna 2022
Mai X, Mr Y,
Mushandi wekambani yako kwemakore xx, ini parizvino ndine chinzvimbo che.
Kwemwedzi mishomanana iye zvino, ndaona kuti munondipa mamwe mabasa akawanda ekuita uye mamwe mabasa akawanda. Ndiri kufara uye kufara kutora chikamu mukusimudzira kambani.
Sezvauchange waona pasina mubvunzo, handiverenge maawa angu, ndinorevesa, ndinogara ndichiita basa rangu nenguva uye hunyanzvi hwangu hwakashanduka.
Ndosaka ndichida kubatsirwa nekuwedzerwa muhoro wegore ra2022. Muhoro wangu unobva waenderana nemabasa angu.
Kambani nechinzvimbo chandinobata zvizere zvinozadzisa zvandinotarisira. Ndinonzwa kugutsikana uye ndinokoshesa kukosha kwevandinoshanda navo. Isu tinogara tichitsigirana uye tine chinangwa chimwe chete: kugutsikana kwevatengi vedu.
Ndokusaka ndichida kuva nenguva yekukurukura nezvechikumbiro changu pamwe chete.
Ini ndinoramba ndiri paruoko rwako rwese nezve zuva uye nguva yebvunzurudzo iyi.
Ndapota gamuchirai, Mai X, Mr. Y, kwaziso dzangu dzechokwadi.
Kumbira kuwedzerwa muhoro: pkwese kwese 2
PAKAVHA : Mubairo wangu muna 2022
Mai X, Mr Y,
Mushandi wekambani kubva XXXXXX, ini parizvino ndakabata chinzvimbo chexxxxx uye takaita hurukuro pa xxxxxx.
Mubvunzurudzo iyi, wakataura akati wandei mapoinzi ekuvandudza:
- Kudaira kwangu
- Mazhinji kukanganisa zviperengo mumameseji angu
Saka ndakatora pfungwa idzi mbiri dzinoita sedzakakosha kwandiri. Ndakakwanisa kuvandudza unyanzvi hwangu. Chokwadi, nebetsero yeCPF, ndakatevera rovedzo yechiFrench uye zvikurukuru mukuperetera negirama. Mumaawa ose XX ezvidzidzo. Maawa aya ekudzidza akandibvumidza kunyatso kuvandudza kunyorwa kwemameseji angu. Makandiratidza izvi, izvo ndakatenda zvikuru.
Nezvekupindura kwangu, ndakafunga kushandisa, sezvamakurudzira, Outlook kunyoresa uye kurongedza mabasa ese andinofanira kuita mukati mezuva. Nekudaro, ini handikanganwi zvakare uye ndinove nechokwadi chekuti zvese zvinopedzwa uye nenguva. Ini pachangu, ndinowana neiyi nzira nyowani imwe nyaradzo yebasa uye pamusoro pezvose, ini ndiri kunyanya kugadzikana.
Ndinovimba unokoshesa shanduko iyi kuedza uye dhiraivha yangu yekuvandudza.
Ichi ndicho chikonzero ndichizvibvumira kukumbira kubvunzurudzwa newe kuti tikurukure nezvemuhoro wangu wegore ra2022.
ndinoramba ndiri mumaoko enyu.
Ndapota gamuchirai, Mai X, Mr. Y, kwaziso dzangu dzechokwadi.
Chikumbiro chekuwedzera muhoro: gweta
PAKAVHA : Mubairo wangu muna 2022
Mai X, Mr Y,
Nyanzvi mune zvemutemo, ini ndiri mutauriri wako uye ane rombo rakanaka chipangamazano pamatambudziko ese emutemo eKambani.
Kunyanya, ini ndinochengetedza kuchengetedza zvido zvako zvine chekuita nemidziyo yeindasitiri, pamwe nezvese zvikumbiro zvepatent uye kudzivirira kwavo.
Ini ndinoita wachi yemakwikwi uye handizeze kupindira kana paine fungidziro yemakopi ematendi ako. Ndinochengetedza zvido zvekambani mazuva ese.
Gore rino, ndakanyanya kutevera faira yeYY iyo yakaita kuti tive nehanya zvikuru, zvakatora nguva yakareba kuti tigadzirise nerubatsiro rwemagweta, zvaive zvakaoma. Asi, ndakashanda zvakanyanya, ndakatsvaga ndikawana kukanganisa kwemhandu dzedu. Uye takabuda takunda!
Iniwo ndinoongorora zvibvumirano zvese, njodzi dzinogona kuitika, ndinotarisa kushanduka kwemutemo. Ini ndinowanikwa kune ese madhipatimendi ekambani kupindura mibvunzo yese uye kutarisa kuti zvese zviri mugwara.
Wava kuziva kuremerwa kwangu, kuwanikwa kwangu uye kunaka kwebasa rangu.
Ndosaka ndichizvibvumira kukukumbira kuti uwedzere muhoro wangu wegore ra2022.
Ini ndinoramba ndiri paruoko rwako rwese kutaura nezvazvo paunoda.
Ndapota gamuchirai, Mai X, Mr. Y, kwaziso dzangu dzechokwadi.
Kumbira kuwedzera muhoro: muchengeti wechitoro
PAKAVHA: Mubairo wangu muna 2022
Mai X, Mr Y,
Mushandi wekambani kubva XXXXXX, ini parizvino ndine chigaro chemuchengeti wechitoro, maneja wedura.
Nyanzvi yechokwadi musangano uye kugadzirira kwemirairo, iwe wakandipa, muna 2021, mamwe mabasa mazhinji
- Takahaya mubatsiri mutsva. Naizvozvo ndinofanira kuronga odha dzake kuti dzigadzirirwe, kunzvera basa rake nguva nenguva uye kumubetsera pazvinenge zvakakodzera.
- Ini ndinotarisira kuchengetedza kwezvikepe zvekusimudza
- Ini ndinoisa maodha evatengi muERP
- Ini ndinoisawo maodha evanogovera
Iniwo ndinofara chose neruvimbo rwamakaisa mandiri uye ndiri kuita zvizere mabasa angu matsva. Ndinogona kutotaura kuti ndakazadzikiswa mubasa rangu.
Sezvawaona, takaita zero zvikanganiso mumaodha evatengi gore rino. Pamusoro pezvo, ini ndakamisa kudyidzana nevatakuri uye ikoko zvakare, isu hatina dambudziko kunze kwekunonoka kutakura katatu muna 3.
Iniwo ndinowanzo sangana nevatengi pakutumira zvinhu uye zvese zviri kufamba zvakanaka.
Wava kuziva kuremerwa kwangu, kuwanikwa kwangu uye kunaka kwebasa rangu.
Ndosaka ndichizvibvumira kukukumbira kuti uwedzere muhoro wangu wegore ra2022.
Ini ndinoramba ndiri paruoko rwako rwese kutaura nezvazvo paunoda.
Ndapota gamuchirai, Mai X, Mr. Y, kwaziso dzangu dzechokwadi.
Muhoro wekuwedzera chikumbiro: kushambadzira
PAKAVHA : Mubairo wangu muna 2022
Mai X, Mr Y,
Tichangobva kuve nebvunzurudzo yangu yepagore pa xxxxxx panguva yatakakurukura nezvemuripo wangu wa2022 uye nekuwedzera kunobvira.
Ini ndaida kusimbisa chikumbiro changu nekukupa chaiyo mienzaniso yemabasa akabudirira:
Iyo kambani ikozvino yakawanda iripo pasocial network. Mazuva ese, ndinotumira foto ine mavara anokwezva maziso. Nokuda kweizvi, ndiri kutarisana nevamiririri vekutengesa kubva kwavari ini ndinounganidza ruzivo pamusoro pevatengi uye mirairo yatakawana pamwe chete nenzvimbo dzatakatora.
Isu ikozvino tinotumira Newsletter mazuva gumi nemashanu ega ega kune vatengi vedu. Ndinonyora zvachose uye ndinotarisira kugovera.
Pakupedzisira, wakaona kubatanidzwa kwangu mukambani. Ndini tsime remazano matsva uye ekutanga. Ini ndinobvuma chose kutsoropodza kwandinoteedzera zvine hungwaru nezvipokana. Ndinogara ndichitsvaga mhinduro.
Naizvozvo ndinozvibvumira kukubvunzai zvakare kuti muhoro wekuwedzera wegore ra 2022. Uku kungave kucherechedzwa chaiko kwekukosha kwebasa rangu.
Ini ndinoramba ndiri paruoko rwako rwese kana iwe uchida kutaura nezvazvo zvakare.
Ndapota gamuchirai, Mai X, Mr. Y, kwaziso dzangu dzechokwadi.
Chikumbiro chekuwedzera muhoro: munyori wezvekurapa
PAKAVHA : Mubairo wangu muna 2022
Mai X, Mr Y,
Mushandi wefemu yako kubva XXXXXX, ndinozvibvumira kukukumbira nguva yekusangana kuti tikurukure pamwe chete muhoro wangu muna 2022.
Chekutanga, ndinoda kukutendai neruvimbo rwamunoisa mandiri.
Hunyanzvi hwangu, kupindura kwangu uye mari yangu zvakagara zvichizivikanwa. Gore rino, ndakatora matanho akati wandei ayo ndine chokwadi chekuti zvakakonzera kuvandudzwa kwakanyanya mukushanda kwekambani.
Nzvimbo yacho inochengetedzwa zvakakwana uye inoiswa disinfected nguva dzose. Ndakaisa, sezvawandibvunza, mukadzi wekuchenesa anouya ka2 kusvika katatu pazuva. Iyo saka kuchengetedzwa kwevarwere, asiwo kwatiri.
Kugadzwa kunoitwa zvinoenderana nezvido zvako uye chirongwa chako. Isu tinoshanda mune yakanaka timu mweya uye isu tine hunhu hwakafanana: kupa hutano hwehutano kune varwere vako.
Maminitsi ekutaurirana anokurumidza kutaipa mushure mekushanya kwega kwega uye anotumirwa kune vaunoshanda navo kana zvichidikanwa. Handina kunonoka.
Chekupedzisira, ndinogara ndiripo uye handiverenge maawa angu kana varwere vako vachindida.
Ndokusaka ndichida kuti timbotora nguva pamwe chete kuti tikurukure nezvenyaya iyi munguva yemberi yamuchandipa nemutsa.
Ndapota gamuchirai, Mai X, Mr. Y, kwaziso dzangu dzechokwadi.
Chikumbiro chekuwedzera muhoro: technician
PAKAVHA : Mubairo wangu muna 2022
Mai X, Mr Y,
Isu munguva pfupi yapfuura takasangana kubvunzurudzo yangu yega, iyo xxxxxx. Panguva yenhaurirano iyi, ndakakumbira kuwedzerwa pamuhoro wangu wegore ra2022. Ndaida kunyora pasi pfungwa dzese dzatataura kuti ndikuratidzei zviito zvese zvandakaita:
- Ini kazhinji kazhinji ndinoperekedza vatengesi kune vatengi kuti vape rubatsiro rwehunyanzvi
- Ini ndinobatsira kugadzira kusati kwatangwa zvikamu zvitsva uye kutarisa kuti zvese zviri kuenderana nehurongwa
- Ini ndinopindura nefoni uye email kune vatengi vane mibvunzo yehunyanzvi yekubvunza
- Ndinotarisa quote yese
- Ini ndinoronga zvirongwa zvekusimbisa
Saka ini ndinofunga kuti hunyanzvi uhu hwese hwakawedzerwa kukosha kukambani.
Ndakanyanya kuzvimiririra. Mhinduro dzangu dzinogara dzakavimbika uye dzichikurumidza.
Pakupedzisira, sezvamunoziva, ndakaiswa mari yakakwana mubasa rangu uye ndinogara ndiripo. Vanhu vanotengesa vandinoshanda navo vanozosimbisa kuti ndinogara ndiri pabasa revatengi vavo.
Ini ndinoramba ndiripo kwamuri pese kana muchida kukurukura nezvemubhadharo wangu zvakare.
Ndinokutendai pachine nguva mberi nekunzwisisa kwenyu uye nekurudziro yandakagamuchira kubva kwamuri panguva yebvunzurudzo yangu yegore negore.
Ndapota gamuchirai, Mai X, Mr. Y, kwaziso dzangu dzechokwadi.
Kumbira kuwedzera muhoro: teleprospector
PAKAVHA : Mubairo wangu muna 2022
Mai X, Mr Y,
Mushandi wekambani kubva XXXXXX, ini parizvino ndine chinzvimbo chetelemarketer.
Kubva zuva iro, ndakawana chiitiko chakasimba chinondibvumira kudarika zvakanyanya zvinangwa zvakaiswa.
Chokwadi, zvinoenderana nenhamba, ini ndiri mumwe weakanakisa telemarketers:
- Ini ndinokwanisa kuita xxx mafoni pazuva
- Ndinowana maxx dates
- Ndinokwanisa kupedzisa mirairo yakawanda
- Mishumo yangu yevatengesi yakajeka uye inosanganisira ruzivo rwese rwavanoda pakushanya kwavo.
Kuenzaniswa ne2020, ini ndinoshanda zvakanyanya, nekuti ndinoziva zvigadzirwa zvangu zvirinani uye ndinonzwa kugadzikana nematarisiro. Ini zvino ndava kugona kuita kwavo, saka ndinofungidzira mhinduro dzavo uye ndagadzirira nharo kuti ndipfuure mafirita ekutanga.
Iri ibasa rakaoma zvakanyanya, nekuti vatinopindirana navo havana nguva yekutaura nesu uye ini ndinogara ndichitsvaga kamutsara kadiki, izwi diki kana matauriro anozotungamira pakusangana.
Ndosaka ndichizvibvumira kukumbira kubvunzurudzwa nemi kuti tikurukure nezvemuhoro wangu wegore ra2022. Ndinoda chaizvo kukurudzirwa uye kurudziro kubva kwamuri kuti ndirambe ndichishanda nesimba uye kuwedzera mari yekambani.
ndinoramba ndiri mumaoko enyu.
Ndapota gamuchirai, Mai X, Mr. Y, kwaziso dzangu dzechokwadi.


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Kambani yeCupertino iri kushanda pane sevhisi nyowani iyo yavakafonera Apple Bhadhara Gare gare uye neicho icho chinotarisirwa kuti kubhadhara kunoitwa neApple Pay kunogona kudzoreredzwa. Mukudaro, sevhisi nyowani iyo inogona kusvika chete muUnited States yaizove yakazvimiririra zvachose pane izvo zvazviri kupa neApple Kadhi.
Mune ino kesi, inyaya yekubhadhara kutenga uchishandisa Apple Pay sezvagara zvichiitwa uye wozoverengera. Parizvino hapana dhata rakawanda rekuti sevhisi iyi ichashanda sei uye kana chero rudzi rwechido ruchizoshandiswa pakumisikidzwa kwekubhadhara, zviri pachena nderekuti ingangove imwe nzira yemari yevashandisi veApple uyeIzvi zvaizouya kubva paruoko rwaGoldman Sachs.
Apple Bhadhara Gare gare inoda kuita Apple Pay kubhadhara kuve nyore
Izvo zvazviri ndezvekuwedzera masevhisi uye mune ino kesi zvichave zvichikwanisika kuwedzera imwe mhando yechimwe chikwereti kune Apple Kubhadhara vashandisi nebasa rekubhadhara kwenguva Kune rimwe divi kuitwa kwebasa pari zvino hakuzivikanwe uye sezvatinotaura, ndizvo inoshanda chete kune vashandisi vanogara muUnited States, uye zvinoita sekunge zvakaoma kuwedzera urwu rudzi rwemashumiro mune dzimwe nyika nehunyanzvi hwekubhanga.
Chokwadi ndechekuti muno munyika medu uye mune mamwe akawanda hatina mukana wekubhadhara pakati pevashandisi veApple vanonzi, Apple Cash kana iyo Apple Kadhi, saka kumirira kuti sevhisi iyi isvike inogona kunonoka kurwadziwa. Parizvino chirongwa icho chinogona kuvhurwa muUnited States, ipapo tichaona kana ichiguma ichipararira mune dzimwe nyika.

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Kuti uvandudze hurongwa hwekudzidziswa kwevashandi vekambani, ipa kutamba kwakazara kune zvehunyanzvi zvakanakira bhizinesi, uye kunyatso kurima yepamusoro-soro, hunyanzvi hwakasimba kuzadzisa zvido zvekuvandudzwa kwekambani.Muna Gumiguru 2018, kambani yedu uye Shandong zibo yekosi yekosi yesimba-uye-simba mubatanidzwa wakasainira "chibvumirano cheyunivhesiti-bhizinesi rekudyidzana zano", izvo zvinoderedza bhizinesi revanhu zviwanikwa, kurimwa kwematarenda mumakoreji nemayunivhesiti kunoitwa pamwe neyuniti yekusarudza uye kushandisa vanhu zvido zvekunamira padoko. , Kuenderera mberi nekusimudzira tsika inobatsira uye matanho akakosha mukuvakwa kwenzanga inowirirana, yakasimudzira zvakanyanya kune chinzvimbo chemagariro.
Post nguva: Jan-18-2021


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By Apostle Pride Sibiya
2 Samuel 3:33 "Why should Abner die the death of a fool?"
Vamwe vanoti kufa kufa. Ndizvo here? Bhaibheri rinotiratidza kuti kune mufiro webenzi. Pakufa van we vanotofa vachisekerera saRazaro anonzi akatorwa nevatumwa. Vamwe vanofa vachishevedzera vachichema nekuti vaakuona kwavava kuenda. Ndomafiro ebenzizve aya.
Benzi harisi riri kuchikoro chevanorwara nepfungwa, benzi munhu anoramba kunamata Mwari: "Benzi ndorakati mumoyo maro Mwari hakuna"(Psalm 14:1)
Nhai hama yangu wadireiko Kuda mafiro ebenzi nyamba iwe uchiratidza huchenjeri hwaunawo uyu. Zvinobatsirei kuwana zvese zvenyika, kutoremekedzwa kunzi boss, kutonzi amai vevanhu, kutonzi ndiwe wakamirirwa ASI WOZOFA MAFIRO EBENZI!
After mafiro auchaita kune denga rakamirira vanhu...kune gehena rakamirira vanhu. Iwe uchaendepi? Unenguwa zvino, ita munhu kwaye! Gashira Ishe Jesu wosiya mabasa ehupenzi uwanire mweya wako zororo nerugare pasi nekudenga.
SHARE!


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Isu tinosimbisa kufambira mberi uye kuunza mhinduro nyowani mumusika gore rega rega rehunyanzvi Dhizaini China PP Yekurima Landscape Anti Weed Kudzora Mats Ground Mucheka, Zvigadzirwa zvedu zvinozivikanwa zvakanyanya uye zvinovimbwa nevashandisi uye zvinogona kusangana zvichiramba zvichichinja hupfumi nemagariro zvinodiwa.
Professional Design China Weed Control Mat, Ground Cover, Tinokugamuchirai kuti shanyira kambani yedu, fekitori uye showroom yedu yakaratidza mhinduro dzakasiyana-siyana dzinosangana nezvaunotarisira, panguva iyi, zviri nyore kushanyira webhusaiti yedu, vashandi vedu vekutengesa vanoedza kuedza kwavo kupa. iwe basa rakanakisisa. Kana uchida mamwe mashoko, yeuka kuti usazeza kutibata neE-mail kana kuti norunhare.
(1) Dzivisa sora pasi. Nokuti jira revhu rinogona kudzivirira zuva rakananga pasi (kunyanya jira revhu dema), panguva imwecheteyo, chimiro chakasimba chejira revhu pachayo chinodzivirira masora kupfuura nemucheka wevhu, nokudaro kuve nechokwadi chekudzivisa kwevhu. jira pakukura kwesora.
(2) Nguva yakafanira bvisa mvura yepasi uye chengetedza pasi yakachena. Kuita kwemvura kwejira revhu kunovimbisa kukurumidza kudonha kwemvura yepasi, uye jira rematombo uye jecha repakati pasi pejira revhu rinogona kuvharidzira kupindira kwezvikamu zvevhu, nokudaro kuve nechokwadi chekuchenesa kwejira revhu.
(3) Inobatsira pakukura kwemidzi yemiti uye inodzivirira kuora kwemidzi. Mhedzisiro iyi inotorwawo kubva kune yakarukwa yekuisa chimiro chejira repasi, iyo inogona kuve nechokwadi kuti hapana mvura inogadzirwa pamidzi yezvirimwa, kuitira kuti mhepo pamidzi ive nehumwe fluidity, nekudaro ichidzivirira kuora kwemidzi.
(4) Kudzivirira kuwedzera kukura kwemidzi yemaruva akaiswa muhari uye kunatsiridza kunaka kwemaruva akaiswa muhari. Apo maruva ehari anogadzirwa pamucheka wevhu, jira revhu rinogona kudzivirira midzi yezvirimwa muhari kuti irege kupfuura nepasi pehari uye ichichera muvhu, zvichiita kuti zvive nechokwadi chemhando yemaruva ehari.
(5) Inobatsira pakurima manejimendi: jira rakawanda repasi rakarukwa nemitsara yenzira imwe kana nzira mbiri. Paunenge uchiisa mapoto emaruva kana kuronga mashizha ekurima mugreenhouse kana kunze, unogona kunyatsozvironga zvinoenderana nemitsara iyi yekumaka.
Anti-sora jira imhando yeakarukwa geotextile inogona kudzora masora. Pano, anti-sora (anti-sora) zvinoreva kutadzisa kukura kwesora. Mushandisi chaiye ane tsika yekuidana kuti jira rinodzivirira huswa. Nekuda kwekuti jira rakarukwa kubva pashinda dzepurasitiki dzakafuratira mumativi ese ewap uye weft kuburikidza nenzira yakaoma yekugadzira, tinoridaidza kuti jira rakarukwa. Kufanana nenyika yatinogara mairi, rakakamurwa kuva longitude nelatitude directions. Mucheka mumwe chete iwoyo unogadzirwa nekurukana shinda dzakati sandarara mumativi ese ari maviri longitude nelatitude, asi kusimba kwesimba relongitudo kwakakwira kupfuura iro relatitude.
Mumunda webindu uye kudyara kwegreenhouse, machira anodzivirira masora akakurudzirwa zvakasimba uye anoshandiswa zvakanyanya. Weed-proof jira imhando yekurima uye index yekusimudzira nekushandisa. Nekuvandudzwa kwakasimba uye kuenderera mberi kwekuvandudzwa kweindasitiri yekudyara kwekurima, yave tsika yekuti machira emasora anoshandiswa zvakanyanya. Nekuti jira rinodzivirira huswa rinodzivirira UV uye rinogona kushandiswa kwenguva yakareba, panguva imwechete rakareruka muhuremu, riri nyore kuisa, rinochengetedza manpower uye zviwanikwa zvezvinhu, uye mutengo waro wakaderera, saka huswa-huchapupu. jira rinoita basa rinokosha mumunda wemichero.


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Mwari
Mwari (English: God) izita rinoshandiswa kutaura uyo akasika nyika nezvose zviri mairi uye chadenga nezvose zviri muchadenga. Iye Mwari ndiye akasika zvose zvinoonekwa pamwe nezvisingaonekwe. Vanhu vazhinji vanotenda kuti kuna Mwari. Hakuna munhu akamboona Mwari saka hakuna anoziva kuti chimiro chake chakaita sei. Marongerwo nemaitirwo akafanirwa kuita hukama pakati paMwari nevanhu zvinotsanangurwa zvakanakisa pamitemo gumi yaMwari.
Kuna Mwari mumwechete, musiki wezvese zvakasikwa, wakarurama zvisina magumo, ane hupenyu husingaperi, achizviratidza muhutatu; Mwari Baba, Mwari Mwanakomana, neMweya Mutsvene.
ChivanhuEdit
Tarisai futi peji rekuti: Mwari (muChivanhu)
Mwari (Nge. Great Spirit[1]; God; One who is) anozivikanwawo saMusikavanhu, Musiki, Tenzi, Nyadenga na Ishe, ndiye mwari mukuru weMusiki maererano nechitendero chechinyakare chechiShona. Zvinotendwa kuti Mwari ndiye muvambi wezvinhu zvose uye upenyu hwose uye zvose zviri maari. Ruzhinji rwevateveri vamwari uyu vakaungana muMozambiki, Afurika Chamhembe, ne Zimbabwe. Mwari munhu ane masimba ose, anotonga pamusoro pemidzimu uye ndiye Mwari Mukuru wechitendero.
Mwari mumwe chete ndiye anoshandiswa uye anonziwo Inkhosi kuVandebele vekuChamhembe ne vekuMaodzanyemba. Ruremekedzo rwaJehovha rwakatangira panguva yamambo wekare Mwenemutapa, weUmambo hweMutapa paRwizi rwaZambezi.
Zvinotendwa ne MakristuEdit
- Mwari mweya hakuna munhu akamboona chimiro chaMwari.
- Mwari haana mavambo, Mwari haana magumo.
- Jesu akazvarwa nemhandara yainzi Maria, uye Jesu mwana waMwari akazvarwa nesimba raMwari kwete remunhurume nemukadzi.
- Jesu akafa akamuka nezuva retatu.
- Jesu akakwira kudenga uko agere kurudyi kwechigaro choushe chaMwari.
- Mwari vakatumira Mweya Mutsvene wavo kune vanotenda, kuti Mweya wavo udzidzise vanotenda Shoko ravo, nokuvarangaridza shoko ravo.
Mazita aMwariEdit
Mwari vane mazita anosanganisira:
- Musiki weDenga naPasi;
- Mwari Samasimba;
- Mwari weHondo;
- Mwari Vanopa;
- Mwari Vanorapa;
- Wokutanga neWekupedzesera.
- Mwari mupenyu.
- Mwari Wenyasha
- Musiki
- Mwari Samasimba (God Almighty).
- Tarisai chinyorwa chinonzi Mwari muChiBantu
Mitauro yeBantuEdit
- Kimbundu vanoti muari (n. boss, master, lord, sir, superior; elder; house owner, big, old) kureva tenzi. Fananidzai nokuti Mwari?
- Kimbundu vanoti umuari (n. Custom of owner in relation to his servants - Lordship.) kureva Humwari.
- MaZulu vanoti uSokulunga kana oSokulunga (The All-righteous one; Father of righteousness.) kureva Mutsvene-tsvene.
- MaZulu vanoti uSomandla kana oSomandla (The Almighty; all-powerful one) kureva Samasimba.


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Nepo maveni akaremara achinyanya kufarirwa pakati peavo vane nyaya dzekufamba, havazi ivo chete nzira yekuti vakaremara vafambe. Zvichienderana nekuomarara kwezvinhu zvekufamba kwemunhu, mota yakaremara inogona kuve nzira inonzwisisika yekufambisa futi. Sezvazviri nekutenga kombi, pane zvakawanda zvakasiyana […]
Category Archives: Wiricheya Nhau
Molecular biology ibazi resainzi iro rinoongorora masisitimu ehupenyu padanho remamorekuru. Iyo purview ye molecular biology inowanzo kuwanda neminda senge biochemistry uye genetics, nekuti mamorekuru biology anonyatsoongorora maseru maseru uye kusangana kwavo kwakaomarara. Mapuroteni biosynthesis, DNA, uye RNA mapatani anoongororwawo nema molecular biologist. Molecular Biology: A […]
Izvi zvinotevera positi yevaeni kubva kuna Amanda Dean weSilver Living. Vazhinji vedu tinotya pfungwa yekuva vakwegura, ndonda, uye kusabatsira. Tinotya kufunga kuti tingave tiri tega kana kuvimba nevamwe kuti vatarisirwe, kazhinji nguva dzisingakwanise. Inguva yemberi hapana anotenda kuti inogona kuvawira. Nehurombo, maAmerican mazhinji ari […]


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This weekend zvinhu zvakaitika kwatiri zvatisati tambobata nazvo, pamwe mune ramangwana tichaburitsa pachena zvese zvakaitika, asi chandiri kunyatsoda kutaura ndechekuti sei Staff by LXA! uye semushandisi weLinux (masosi, anonyora izvi) tafunga nezvezvinhu zvakawanda.
Haisi nguva yekutanga kubata nyaya iyi, saka ngationgororei kuti tinonzwisisa sei izvi pano:
Yakadaidzwa Kune godo here kuUbuntu? uye yaive chinyorwa chedu chekutanga mu Menéame kavha (Isu hatitakure dzakawanda futi, chete 2 uye akati wandei angangoita xD). Tinorangarira kuti tese takasvika pakufunga kuti, kunyangwe vamwe vangazvidemba, shanje dziripo, pasina kufungira chokwadi chekuti Ubuntu Haisi iyo yakanyanya kunaka distro mukuita (muchokwadi ini ndinoshandisa Debian nhasi), nekuti vakawana budiriro isingatarisirwe nemunhu: Kuwedzera iyo Linux Universe kuMasses.
Mune mamwe madenderedzwa godo iri rakashanduka rikava kurambwa kunoshanda, ndiko kuti, kwete chete ini ndinotsamwa pandinonzwa nezveUbuntu, asi ini ndinokurudzira kuti vanhu varege kuishandisa, kune chero pembedzo (huya, sekunge waive mushonga usiri pamutemo uye ivo Hurumende).
Takapedza kuburikidza negakava kuti izvi zviripo (uye inyaya yatobatwa asi inowirirana) nekuda kwechimiro chevashandisi ve-pre-Ubuntu Linux, vese vashandisi vemberi, vanongokumbira rubatsiro kana iyo yekudzidzira curve yakanyanya kuomarara kana kutevera data iro munhu anogovera.
Pakasvika huteri, mazhinji acho asina ruzivo vanhu uye, dzimwe nguva, aine zero hukama hwepakutanga neiyo terminal, radical linuxeros vanonhuwa, asi vakayamwa zvakanyanya kubva pachokwadi chekuti paive neakawanda kana kuti iwo akatarisa uye vakanga vakasiyana navo.
Vazhinji vakayamwa kubva mukuwedzeredzwa kweruzivo nezveUbuntu, vamwe vakayamwa kubva ku distro (chimwe chinhu chakajairika mune ese ma distros) asi chinhu chinosiririsa ndechekuti mamwe ma linuxers akapikisana nevashandisi.
Avo, avo generalize, achiti "hunteros ari ******* » vakave vanonyanyisa, vachifunga kuti vashandisi vevamwe vasara vema distros vanofanirwa kunge vakaita saivo, kumbira rubatsiro chete muzvinhu zvakaoma, tamba nemirairo, pedza zuva rese nePC, kuisa uye kubvisa ma distros sezvakabvumiranwa, zvinhu zvandinoita nekuti ini ndine nguva uye ndinovada, asi havafanirwe kuve chikamu chevashandisi vese, iyo PC uye iyo distro zvishandiso zvehunters uye kune vazhinji vashandisi veimwe distros futi.
Ikoko uye kwete zvisati zvaitika (zvisati zvadzivirika) kunozvarwa kusagadzikana, rusarura, chii mumusangano weLXA! tinodaidza seizvi:
Mushandisi acharega kushandisa iyo LXA foramu! kusimudzira mhirizhonga kana rusarura kune vanoshandisa imwe sisitimu inoshanda, kugovera kweGNU / Linux, kana chirongwa.
Muchinyorwa chine godo Ubuntu chakati: kune kuvenga kwandisina kukwanisa kuona ndichipesana nemamwe masisitimu, izvo zvinondisiya ndichishamisika. Zvino zvese zvandinogona kutaura ndizvozvo nhasi "izvo" hazvisi zvinongobatika.
Uye ndizvo zvatinoisa sechinangwa chedu patakatanga (linuxero uye «windosero» pakutanga), kushandura paradigm, kuti nhasi Linux ndeye munhu wese uye, panzvimbo pekugara muchidzidzo chenguva dzose, kuvandudza kuburikidza hurukuro iyo poindi yekutarisa yeLinux iyo yanhasi anachronistic.
Vashandisi veLinux vanofanirwa kuchinja.
- Kudzidza kuti "kusaziva" hakuna kushata uye kunogona kutobatsira mukudzidzisa mashandisiro eGNU / Linux.
- Iko kubatsira mumwe munhu hakusi kupa hove (ona iyo Ubuntu-CL forum mechanics kukumbira rubatsiro)
- Iko kubatsira mumwe munhu hakusi kuti: Tora iyi link, ndinovimba inokushandira iwe, bye. Kwete nezvitsva.
- Vashandisi havana kufanana, kunyangwe vachishandisa iyo imwechete distro.
- Dzidza kuti distros haigadzise idiocy uye ivo havaikwezve futi.
- Kukurudzira vashandisi vatsva kuti vasvike kuLinux inobatsira Linux.
- Haasi munhu wese anoshandisa Linux nechinangwa chimwe chete.
Ndinokutendai zvikuru kune vese vaverengi kuve nemi, tinotenda chaizvo rutsigiro rwenyu.


text:
Mufananidzo uyu uchanzwika sewakajaira kwauri. Iyi ndiyo Wallpaper yakasarudzwa naApple kune vhezheni yeMacOS Mojave. Iyo inomiririra yakanaka yezvakatimirira mune ino chinyorwa kwaunogona kuwana yakawanda good mountains wallpapers. Kunyange ichokwadi kuti chifananidzo ichi ndecherenje reMojave uye kuti idunes, haungandiudze kuti haigone kumiririra zvakakwana, nekuti inondiyeuchidza gomo. Ndinovimba unonakidzwa nezvirimo zvakanyanya uye rangarira kuti kana iwe uchitsvaga yakanaka Wallpaper, iwe unogara uine akati wandei ezvinyorwa zvakapfuura kwaunogona kuwana 50 yakanakisa kumashure kana kutizira mukati mamwe emahombekombe aya.
Tinogona kutanga neimwe yemari iyo Apple vanga vachishandisa masisitimu avo ekushandisa. Vamwe vavo vane makomo sevanopikisa. Tevere tinokusiira iyo yaishandiswa macOS El Capitan. Sezvauri kuona kumashure uko, kunyangwe iyo protagonist isiri makomo chete, tinogona kuvatenda uye isu tinogona kuona hukuru hwavo. Nedenga rine nyeredzi, rinokukoka iwe kuti upedze husiku huripo uchifunga nezvekukura kwechisikigo uye rinotiyeuchidza kuti tiri vadiki sei.
Imwe vhezheni yakashandiswa neApple kumadziro emadziro macOS El Capitan Ndiyo yatinokusiirai inotevera. Tinoenda kubva usiku kuenda masikati asi nerunako rwakafanana. Panguva ino tine mufananidzo wegomo rinoita sezvisingabviri kukwira nekuda kwekumira kwaro uye izvo zvinopa Mac yedu kubata kusingafi.Negomo iroro rinoita serinotonga zvinhu zvese uye rinoita kunge rinesu kubva pakutanga kwemazuva. Izvo nenzira, kana iwe usingazive, ndinofunga kudaro, El Capitan igomo riri muYosemite natural park, rimwe zita rakasarudzwa kune imwe yeApple inoshanda masisitimu auchawana pazasi.
Ipapo tinokusiira iyo yekumashure yakashandiswa neApple kune yayo vhezheni macOS Sierra. Makomo ane sinou nezuva richivarova zvinyoronyoro. Ndinoedza kuziva kuti kubuda kwezuva here kana kuti kunyura. Ini ndinobheja pane yekupedzisira, asi zvakaoma kutaura nekupfura kwakadaro. Iyi yakatarisana nemakomo uye ndinotenda nemoyo wese kuti ibudiriro yakazara.
Zvakafanana nemunin'ina wake, sekutaura, pasi pe macOS High Sierra rinotarisawo pamusoro pamakomo. Asi panguva ino tine mufananidzo wakavhurika, uyo unosanganisira zvimwe zvinhu zvakawanda pamepu.Tine dziva, miti yakawanda uye hongu makomo. Vanoita sechando chekutanga chinotanga kudonha mumatsutso munharaunda iyoyo. Inoshamisa mavara mumufananidzo uyu akajairika emwaka wephotogenic wezvose. Wallpaper inokodzera kunakidzwa pese painoiswa paMac.
Iye zvino tine nesu shanduro ye macOS Yosemite. Mukuremekedza paki yechisikigo iri kumabvazuva kweSan Francisco, muCalifornia, United States. Yakatumidzwa seWorld Heritage Site neUNESCO muna 1984 uye yaivewo paki yekutanga yakarongwa nehurumende yemubatanidzwa yeUnited States. Nenzira, kana iwe uchida kutora mifananidzo iwe unozoziva kuti mumwe wemadzibaba emazuva ano kutora mafoto, Ansel Adams, akatora paki paki kakawanda. Ivo vakakodzera kuona mifananidzo yako. Muchokwadi ini ndichasiya vaviri vacho mune ino post nekuti kunyangwe vari mutema nemuchena, iwe uchaona simba ravainaro uye chokwadi chokwadi chavo. Hapana shanduko yemakomputa, inongovandudza mukamuri ine rima ine hunyanzvi hwakakwana.
Yosemite naAnsel Adams. Chengeta pfungwa dzako dzakavhurika uye usafunge kuti kuve mutema nemuchena hazvina kunaka. Iwe uchada vhezheni yake yeEl Capitan. Kana iwe ukaongorora mufananidzo zvakanaka, uchaona kuti kushandisa kamera ine tekinoroji yakaderera pane yezvino, yakakwanisa kutora mwenje yese nemimvuri yemupata. Uyezve, hapana kana pixel imwe chete yemufananidzo isina ruzivo. Zvose zvine tsanangudzo yacho, kunyange mumvuri wakadzika. Zvinoshamisa kuona mufananidzo.
Tichifunga nezvemifananidzo iyo Apple yakashandisa makomo mumasisitimu ayo anoshanda, isu tichaenda kune imwe sarudzo yemifananidzo iyo tinogona kushandisa kuMacs edu.
Isu tinotanga newallpaper iyo, kunyangwe isiri yechokwadi, haina kushoma uye inotaridzika seyakanaka se Wallpaper yekombuta yedu. Azere nemakomo ari ma protagonists eiyi blog post, isu tine zvese izvo yakanaka desktop kumashure inofanira kuunganidza. Runako, simba uye pamusoro penzvimbo dzese kuitira kuti zvidhori zvedu zvezvirongwa kana mafaera atinoshandisa mazuva ese aonekwe pasina matambudziko. Nzvimbo iyo Ndinoshuva kuti dai ndaigona kuona mangwanani oga oga paunovhura maziso ako.
Iine inotevera kumashure kana mufananidzo weMac yako, iwe uchada kuivhara uye kuenda parwendo. Is nzvimbo inoshamisa uye kuti ndine chokwadi chekuti uchashandisa kuona kuti inotaridzika sei sekumashure. Ini ndatokuudza kuti zvinoshamisa uye kuti ndeimwe yeavo vakasarudzwa neni, kunyanya kune iyo mwaka umo mazororo ari kusvika. Zvinondikurudzira kuti ndikwanise kuva nechinangwa chekubuda mumonotony uye kuda kutsvaga chimwe chinhu. Nzvimbo iyi inonditakura uye inonditungamirira kumufaro wakakwana.
Ndanga ndichinetseka kuti ndiise mufananidzo unotevera here. Asi ndinofanira kuzviita. Kana isu tiine vhezheni yegomo reEl Capitan semashure eMacOS uye isu tine vhezheni yeAnsel Adams hombe, wadii kuva nazvo. shanduro yegomo pakati pechando? Inofanira kuiswa, isu takatarisana nemufananidzo unotiratidza mupata nekunaka kwayo kwose uye hutsinye hwemwaka wechando.
Iwo maviri anotevera mapikicha anobva, pamwe iwo makomo matatu ane mukurumbira pasi rose. Vanenge vatatu vevakakurumbira. Vokutanga vavo Gomo reFuji. Nzvimbo yepamusoro-soro pachitsuwa cheHonshu uye muJapan yose, ine 3776 mamita ekukwirira. Iri pakati peShizuoka neYamanashi prefectures pakati peJapan uye kumadokero kweTokyo. Rechipiri rinoenderana negomo refu-refu panyika. Everest, ine hurefu hwe8848 metres, iri paAsia kondinendi, muHimalayas, kunyanya muMahalangur Himal sub-gomo renji. Pakupedzisira iro kwandiri nderimwe remakomo akanaka kwazvo aripo. The matterhorn. Inowanikwa muAlps, inofamba neSwitzerland neItaly. Iyo hombe, inenge yakaenzanirana pyramidal peak ine sumo iri 4.478 metres.


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- musha
- Africa
- Tufts University
Tufts University
Tufts University Details
- nyika : United States of America
- guta : Medford
- Acronym : TU
- inotangwa : 1852
- Students (approx.) : 11000
- Musakanganwa kuti kurukura Tufts University
tsananguro
Tufts University ndiyo yunivhesiti voga kuti rakaumbwa 1852.
Muripo mazai ari Tufts Universityare $50,000 (Aprox.).
Tufts University iri muna Medford / Somerville nharaunda Massachusetts, kwete kure Downtown Boston. Tufts ane zvimwe pazvikoro muBoston raMwari Chinatown nharaunda, apo kwayo utano sayenzi chirongwa iri, uye weChicago Grafton, kumusha Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine. freshmen All uye sophomores vanosungirwa kugara kembasi mu dorms, Inn kana dzimba yunivhesiti-nazvo kana nemafurati. Mamwe mapoka mudzidzi muri Cycling Club; ari Beelzebubs, ane varume vose cappella boka; uye Freethought Society. About hafu muviri mudzidzi vanotora chikamu kudzidza kunze zvirongwa, uye anenge 15 muzana vadzidzi vemumapato upenyu Greek. Tufts 'pamutemo Mascot, Jumbo ari nzou, ndiye chete chikoro Mascot akanyorwa raWebster Dictionary.
Tufts Kunoumbwa pamusoro School of Arts uye Sciences; Chikoro pakati Engineering, iyo inoshanda zvose Rokutenderwa uye akapedza kudzidza vadzidzi; uye vanoverengeka akapedza kudzidza uye nyanzvi zvikoro. Paakataura ayo mapurogiramu akapedza kudzidza ndizvo zvikuru rakava School of Medicine uye Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine. The School of Dental Medicine uye Fletcher Choushumiri dzenyika vamwe chinozikamwa akapedza kudzidza zvikoro. Tufts 'zvachose iwe muunganidzwa inoratidza mabasa kubudikidza Pablo Picasso, Andy Warhol uye John Singer Sargent. Chinozikamwa alumni vanosanganisira eBay muvambi Pierre Omidyar, Golden Globe-richakunda mutambi Peter Gallagher uye Guster guitarist uye vocalist Adam Gardner. Vose Gallagher uye Gardner vaiimba Beelzebubs.
Schools / mumakoreji / madhipatimendi / Courses / mano
- School of Arts uye Sciences
- School of Engineering
History
Munguva 1840s, ari Universalist chechi aida kuvhura imwe kukoreji New England, uye 1852, Charles Tufts yezvipo 20 maeka kuchechi kuvabatsira kubudirira pazvinangwa izvi. Charles Tufts akanga nhaka nyika, yakaoma chikomo chakanga mumwe soro pfungwa munharaunda Boston, akadana Walnut Hill, uye kana akabvunza nenhengo yemhuri zvaaironga kuita nyika, akati “Ndichaisa chiedza pamusoro payo.” 20-eka wake mupiro (ipapo aikoshesa pa $20,000) ichiri pamwoyo Tufts’ ikozvino 150 eka kembasi, straddlingSomerville uye Medford. Yakanga muna 1852 kuti Commonwealth pamusoro Massachusetts Chartered Tufts College, tikacherechedza koreji inofanira kukurudzira “kunaka uye uMwari uye nekudzidza kudaro mitauro uye akarurama uye anobatsira hwemashiripiti sezvo anofanira kurumbidzwa.” Paaiva gavhuna, Ballou akapedza gore vaifamba uye kudzidza United Kingdom. Nzira kurairirwa raakanga atanga vakanga inobva Tutorials kuti yaiitwa muna University of Oxford uye University of Edinburgh. Now kupfuura 160 zera, Tufts ndiye yechitatu mukuru kukoreji munharaunda Boston.
Ndichivimba rimwe guru zvinofurira zviri pokugadzwa College, Hosea Ballou II akava mutungamiri wokutanga 1853, uye College Hall, chivakwa wokutanga ritenderane, rakapera rakatevera gore. Kuti chivakwa zvino ine zita Ballou raMwari.[20] The kembasi yakavhurwa August 1854. President Ballou akafa 1861 uye anotsiviwa Alonzo Ames Miner. Kunyange zvazvo asiri munhu pakoreji akapedza kudzidza, utungamiriri hwake aizivikanwa mberi akawanda. Izvi zvinosanganisira pokugadzwa regadziriro zvikoro Tufts anosanganisira Goddard Seminary, Westbrook Seminary, uye Dean Academy. Munguva Civil War yekoreji nokushingaira vakatsigira Union chikonzero. The neimba yose Major George L. Stearns chakange chimire chikamu ritenderane raiva chiteshi riri Pachivande Railroad. Kuwedzera kuva mapoka kupfuura vanobuda, 63 Vakapedza akashanda Union mauto. Muswere chirongwa-gore matatu zvoita kuti dhigirii mapurani yokutanga yakatangwa 1865, chete with gore rakaumbwa. By 1869, ari Crane Theological School rakarongwa.
mutsivi Miner raMwari, Elmer Capen aiva purezidhendi wokutanga kuva Tufts alumnus. Panguva yake, mumwe dzokutanga innovators akanga Amos Dolbear. mu 1875, sezvo cheya of wefizikisi dhipatimendi, akagadza mumwe kushanda runhare iyo kwakabatana yezvirwere wake Ballou Hall kumba kwake musi Vanapurofesa Row. Makore maviri gare gare Alexander Graham Bell vachawana bvumidzwa. basa Dolbear kwaiita Tufts yakazopiwa zvakaramba Marconi uye Tesla.[22] Dzimwe nyanzvi yakakurumbira inosanganisira William Leslie Hooper uyo Kuwedzera pakushumira sezvo kuita mutungamiri, akagadzirirwa wokutanga slotted armature kuti Dynamos. mudzidzi wake ari kukoreji, Frederick Stark Pearson vaizova mumwe mapiyona America kwakaita magetsi simba indasitiri. Akava nebasa kukura Magetsi uye yemagetsi mumugwagwa motokari nehurongwa izvo maguta akawanda muSouth America uye Europe akashandisa. Chimwe chikuru hakusi Stephen M. Babcock uyo akakurukura wokutanga inoshanda bvunzo kuti huwandu butterfat mumukaka. Sezvo kukura kwayo muna kukoreji, ari Babcock Test haina kumbodzika chakagadziridzwa. Kuwedzera pamusoro kemisitiri uye zvipenyu madhipatimendi vakanga zvikuru kutungamirira nenyanzvi Arthur Michael, mumwe yokutanga Organic mishonga iri U.S., uye John Sterling Kingsley akanga mumwe nyanzvi okufananidza anatomi rokutanga.
P. T. Barnum aiva mumwe tanga vabatsiri kuti Tufts College, uye Barnum Museum of Natural History (Barnum Hall) yakavakwa muna 1884 pamwe mari yezvipo naye neimba muunganidzwa wake specimens mhuka uye stuffed nedebwe ose Jumbo nzou, aizova yunivhesiti yacho Mascot. Chivako akamira kusvikira April 14, 1975, kana moto gutted Barnum Hall, kuparadza yose muunganidzwa.
On July 15, 1892, ari Tufts Board wematirastii akavhotera “kuti College achasvinudzwa kumadzimai Rokutenderwa mumadhipatimendi pamusoro chete mashoko uye mamiriro sevanhu.” Metcalf Hall yakavhurwa 1893 uye sehofisi dhomitari vakadzi. Pamusangano chete, matirastii akavhotera kusika kudzidza chikoro fakaroti uye kupa Ph.D. dhigirii biology uye kemisitiri. mu 1893 kuti Medical School yakazaruka uye 1899 yeBoston Dental College akanga revatema kupinda yunivhesiti. mu 1890, weDhipatimendi Electrical Engineering akasikwa, uye 1892 – 1893 nzira chirongwa-gore vatatu mapurani yakapiwa makore mana. With veMubatanidzwa chirongwa kwemakore mana madhigirii makapiwa vaiva tsvimborume dzevagari kana magetsi ouinjiniya. Tufts College akawedzera weDhipatimendi Mechanical Engineering uye weDhipatimendi Chemical Engineering mu 1894 uye 1898, zvichienderana zvakadaro. mu 1898, matirastii rakavhotera pamutemo vatange Rokutenderwa College of Engineering.
The Jackson College kuti Women yakatangwa 1910 somunhu batanidza kukoreji yakabatana Tufts ritenderane. mu 1980 zvakanzi revatema pamwe College of Liberal Arts asi chichiri kuzivikanwa pamutemo zita Rokutenderwa hwemashiripiti uye sayenzi kupesana, ari “College of Liberal Arts uye Jackson College.” Vakadzi Rokutenderwa mune unyanzvi uye sayenzi akaramba kugamuchira zvitupa zvavo kubva Jackson College kusvikira 2002.
Tufts rakatsaurirwa muna 1933 pamwe Panovhurwa Fletcher School muMutemo uye Nezvibvumirano, chikoro rokutanga kudzidza dzenyika muUnited States. The Fletcher School akatanga ari pamwe nesimba pakati Tufts uye Harvard University, mari ne ane chipo kubva venguva refu Tufts kumupi uye alumnus Dr. Austin Barclay Fletcher. Tufts vaifungidzira Hurumende azere Fletcher School iri 1935, uye linkages simba pakati pazvikoro zviviri kuramba.
Munguva yeHondo Yenyika II, Tufts College aiva mumwe 131 mumakoreji uye mumayunivhesiti munyika kuti akatora mugove V-12 Navy College Training Program izvo akapa vadzidzi nzira kuna Navy komisheni.
Nokuda kurambidzwa kufamba zvavakatemerwa neHondo Yenyika II, yeBoston Red sox vakaperekedza yechirimo rakadzidzisa 1943 Major League mwaka pa Tufts College. mu 1955, akaramba kuwedzera kwakaratidzwa nokuchinja zita rechikoro kuna Tufts University.
The yunivhesiti vakambokundikana kukura paaiva purezidhendi Jean Mayer (1976-1992). Mayer hwakagadzwa Tufts’ wemhuka, udyo, uye zvikoro anorapa achishandisa mitemo uye akava pasi Grafton uye Talloires pazvikoro, panguva iyoyowo nokusimudza yunivhesiti kubva ayo mamiriro ezvemari zvakatimirira nokuwedzera kukura Endowment pedyo chinoita kuti 15.
The College of Engineering akawedzera akapedza kudzidza wayo hweutungamiri kumavambo 1961, tenzi vake madhigirii rinowanikwa mumadhipatimendi mana. Yakawedzera Ph.D. zvirongwa mune zvokuimba ouinjiniya mu 1963, magetsi ouinjiniya mu 1964, ouinjiniya nemagadzirirwo 1981, uye mapurani mu 1985. mu 1984 CEO uye sachigaro Analogic Corporation uye NeuroLogica Corp Bernard Marshall Gordon akavamba Tufts Gordon Institute sezvo sangano iri rokudzidzisa rokutanga akasikwa kuti kusimudzira Entrepreneurship muminda ouinjiniya. mu 1991 New England Association of Schools uye Colleges abvumirwa kuti akatanga kumupa mwero Tenzi Science muna Engineering Management uye 1992 ari Gordon Institute yakava chikamu College of Engineering. mu 1999, ari College of Engineering akava School of Engineering, kana Rinotarisira akapedza okugadzira zvirongwa hwakatamisirwa kubva Graduate School of Arts uye Sciences. Sezvo chikamu chete nokubatanidzwazve weVadzidzisi Vedare of Arts uye Science akava rorusununguko Arts, Sciences, uye Engineering (AS&E).
Under President Larry Bacow, Tufts akatanga guru rati 2006 vaine chinangwa rokurera $1.2 bhiriyoni ezvidzidzo zvizere chinodiwa-bofu kubvuma ne 2011. Muna December 10, 2010 danidziro vanomutswa $1.14 bhiriyoni. Tufts akagamuchira mipiro kupfuura munhau yacho kubva 2005, kusanganisira $136 miriyoni zvinosiyiwa kuti chipo chacho pamusoro pokufa munhu anoyamura kuvimba dzakaiswa 1911 alumnus Frank C. kaviri, munhu $100 miriyoni chipo kubva eBay muvambi Pierre Omidyar kusimbisa Omidyar-Tufts zvitsva zvokukweretesa Fund, uye uwandu $40 miriyoni-ndinoiitawo zvipo zvikoro chaizvo.
mu 2008, Hines Interests uye TUDC, mumwe chikamu of University, aronga kuputsa pasi kurutivi South Station Tower. Tufts vawana mhepo kodzero kubva South Station 1990, nedzaimbova President Jean Meyer envisioning shongwe kuti aizova nzvimbo kutsvakurudza yezvokurapa. Rokutanga magadzirirwo zvakaitwa Cesar Pelli pamwe kuvakwa ikozvino rakarongwa kutanga muna 2017.
On November 30, 2010, yunivhesiti akazivisa kuti Anthony P. Monako, kare kuti Oxford, vaizova mutungamiri wayo nematatu. Monaco kuti kuvhurwa kwakaitika musi October 21, 2011.
Muna October 15, 2015, Computer Science rakapfuura International Relations sezvo kupfuura rakakura payunivhesiti, ne 466 Wapikisa majors.
On December 22, 2015, Yunivhesiti yakazivisa kuti kumhanya School of Museum of Arts Akanaka. Kwemapazi yava kuda kupera musi June 30, 2016.
On December 2015, Yunivhesiti apedza rokuvakazve Chirangaridzo Stairs. A idzva Central Energy Plant pari pasi kuvakwa uye yakaiswa kupedza muzhizha 2016. Huchatsiva chinhu zvokukwegura 60 egore chirimwa uye zvinopa itsva kunyatsoshanda boilers izvo mukuwedzera pakupa kuUniversity zvakananga magetsi, nenharo uye two chilled mvura, achabatsira University akavezwa choutsi. The University riri rokuvaka itsva sayenzi ouinjiniya yakaoma (SEC). The SEC ichange iine mamiriro unyanzvi mumarabhoritari uye kusimudzira interdisciplinary tsvakurudzo pakati neuroscience uye kwezvakatipoteredza madhipatimendi nesayenzi. Chivako chitsva vachapedzwa kubudikidza muzhizha 2017 uye vachabatana richangobva rehabilitated 574 Boston Avenue mukuwedzera mukirasi uye rabhoritari zvivako chikoro ouinjiniya.
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KwaNyandoro ini handina kukuenda. Vanhu vaienda kwaNyandoro vakanoridza ikoko. Akataura kuti, “Ndakenda kunoridza kwaNyandoro,” vonzi, “Anogona chaizvo,” nokuti kwaNyandoro kwaienda vanhu vairidza mbira chaizvo. Asi hamaibvumirwa kuridza nguva yacho inoridzwa nevakuru vacho. Nokuti vakuru vaipinda vari vana kana kuti vashanu. Vachipinda vakuru ivo vari vashanu, imi mamuchiridza muri makumi maviri imimi, hamuridzirane nevanhu ivavo. Vairidza.
Saka inini ndanga ndakuda kuzoendeswa naVaMukwani. VaMukwani vakanga vari vekwaNyandoro, vaitwa baba navadzimai vangu. Ehe, saka vadzimai vavo vakanga vari hanzvadzi yaBandambira. Ehe, vadzimai vavo manje ndoambuya vedu isusu, ambuya vababa. Ndovakanga vaine ukama navadzimai vaani? VaBandambira. Saka ukama hwanga uripo.
Ndovakazoita kuti ndinyatsoridza mbira chaizvo chaizvo. Ivavo vaindidzidzisa kuti, “Kana uchiridza wakadai, uchishaura wakadai, unoshaura dzepamusoro nedzepasi, uchiita saizvozvizvi. Kuno uko nhetete unochinjinura nokuti kana wava kurova uko, nhetete dzako dzinofanira kuve dzinodii? Dzinoteverwa neari kutsinhira uko. Ehe.
Asi mabass enyu kana muchiridza, aya madhadha aya anenge achidii? Achiita kuti uzive kuti ari kushaura ndiani, ari kutsinhira ndiani, haumuzive. Asi zvinenge zvichifamba zvese zvakadaro. Asi ivo vanenge vachiziva zvavo kuti uyu ndiye ari kushaura, uyu ndiye ari kutsinhira, uyu ndiye ari kushaura, uyu ndiye ari kutsinhira.
Vadzimai vavo vakazobvawo kwaNyandoro, vakauyawo nekumba kwedu kuHighfields uko. Ndovaipoterwa naNegondo vacho. Saka ndovakandiudza kuti midzimu yechikadzi inonzi mazenda, mhondoro dzechikadzi. Nokuti vaiti ivo, “Isu tiri mazenda, saka tinofamba pamwechete nei? Nemakombwe acho iwayo.” Ehe, saka ivo ndivo vakandiudza.
Vakambouya tikagara navo mwedzi wese. Havaibikirwa, vaibika vega. Pavanogara ipapo hapasvike munhu mukuru, hapasvike mwana mudiki. Kunze kwaGaradziva chete, nokuti aisvika ipapo, orara pamagumbezi avo. Orara zvake ipapo. Saka taimuti, “Ko mwana iyeyu, chii chiri kumboitika?” Tovadaidza kuti, “Ha, uyai muone muzukuru wenyu wadii? Ari pamagumbezi enyu, iye akatorara zvake.” Vosvika vomuti, “Ha, ibva shamwari. Chibva. Zvakwana!”
Obuda zvake ava kuseka, ava kuenda. Aive nemusikanzwa iye Garadziva! Zvino haaitoreka manje. Akaenda ipapapo munotongosiya akadaro. Haatoreka, anotobva ega. Vaiti, “Musiye, munhu wangu.” Saka panguva iyoyo ndopaakanga akuridza Dhongi Mombe Mbudzi, ari mwana mudiki ane makore mashanu. Akanga akuridza Dhongi Mombe Mbudzi. Saka vaingotiwo munhu wavo.
Vakazobva vachienda uko, ndokuuya varume vavo. Ndovatikazogara navo mwedzi mitatu. Pamwedzi mitatu iyoyo tairidza mbira zuva nezuva, kubva Monday kusvika Monday iri mbira chete, tichiridza.
Saka ivo manje pavakauya, vakanga vachirwara. Vakarwara. Vaiti ivo, tikawaridzira magumbezi mukitchen, towaridzira, vobuda usiku voenda panze. Nokuti ndopaibikirwa, saka paive nemoto. Ndaingotsvaga huni ndichiuya nadzo, matanda ndichiisa ipapo. Saka ivo manje vaienda kunorara kupi? Kumoto, sevanhu vanga vakura.
Ndikati, “Ha, hazviite izvi.” Ehe, ndikati kumadzimai, “Ha, baba venyu havasi kurara mumba umo.” Zvikanzi, “Ha! Ndakavawaridzira.” Ndikati, “Havasi kurara mumba, vari kurara panze apa.” Zvikanzi, “Ha, kunyeba.” Nokuti nguva yatisati tamuka isusu, vodzoka nemagumbezo avo, vorara kupi? Mumba.
Ndikati, “Teererai munzwe, baba venyu vari kubuda iye zvino izvi, vari kuenda panze.” Ndobva vabvunza mangwana kuseni, zvikanzi, “Ko, baba, ko mukapondwa muno, makarara muno muhedge? Kuside kweroad kunopfuura vanhu vakawanda, zvinozoita sei?” Zvikanzi, “Ha, ndinenge ndichida zvangu moto, kuti ndirare ndichidziya moto zvangu.” Ndikati, “Ha.” Ndozotaurirana naVaChihoro, ndikati, “Ha, baba venyu vari kurwara.” Ndokuti ivo vakazotaura ipapapa kuti, “Ehe, sekurwara kwandiri kuita uko.”
Vadzimai vangu vakauya vachiti, “Ha, takuchikutora.” Ndobva varamba vachiti, “Aiwaka, pano pamba pemukwasha, handidi kupa mukwasha dambudziko rekunditakura kundiendesa kumusha.” Saka ndobva vandidzora.
Ndozotaurira vanhu vacho, mumwe mwana wacho ndobva vavatora ndokuvaendesa kuhospital rekugomo, kuHarare Hospital. Uyu mumwe wacho mukuru aive poacher aibata fish mudam ndobva azvinzwa, ndobva auya, ndokutora baba vake, ndokuvaendesa kumusha. Ndobva vaita masvondo maviri, ndobva vafa.
Tikaenda uku tikavachema nembira, tichiridza mbira. Ndobva vazovigwa zvavo, ndobva tadzoka kuno kuHarare. Vaigara kwaMusami. Toenda patownship inonzi Pamahowa, ipo Pamahowa pacho pane misha inonzi yekwaMushinga, ndopavaigara ipapo padhuzi.
Saka ndovanga vanditi ivo, “Ndikaita zvakanaka toenda newe kupi? KwaAmbuya kwaNyandoro.” Nokuti munhu wese aiziva kuridza mbira aibva kwaNyandoro. Nokuti kwairidzwa naBandambira, naVaMukwani, navamwe vainzi VaMaichesa.
Kwozouya VaGwanzura, VaGwanzura ndovasekuru vaSekuru Gora, ehe, vainzi VaGwanzura. Kwozoita vamwe vainzi VaMutinhima naVaMukwenha. Vese ivavo ndovanhu vaidii? Vaive vakuru vacho vairidza mbira zvinhu zvakapfuurira, vachiti vakapinda ivavo vakadaro kunoridzwa mbira.
Zvino ivo vakanga vati ivo ini handipinde nevanhu vaduku. Ndaisvika, ndotomborara zvangu. Panguva inenge yakudaidzirwa kunzi, “Ngavachipinda manje vaye vaye vakuru vakuru. Ambuya vakuda kuzodii? Kuuya,” ndopinda nevakuru vakuru vacho, toridza nevakuru vacho.
Ndingati VaMukwani ndovakanyanya kundigadziridza maridziro pambira idzodzidzi. Ha, vakandigadziridza. Zvokuti ndotoziva pese pese, panopinda mbira yese yese ndinopaziva. Dzimbo dzese idzodzidzi ndinoziva. Kana vana ivavo vaitozouya vachida kudzidzira futi kwandiri. Ehe, vana vaVaMukwani ivavo. Ndakamboridza nemumwe aingogona kushaura chete. Ha, murume aiimba iyeye. Aiimba zvimwe zvinotyisa.


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Makuhwa Reloaded
ZVIDHOMA ZVAKABVUTA SADZA PARUFU . . . Vanhu vakasara vaine nzara
VANHU vaiva parufu rwemumwe murume kuMbare, muHarare, vakasara miromo yavo yakaoma kuti papata nenzara nguva pfupi yadarika apo sadza neusavi hwacho zvaipakurwa mumabhodho nemumadhiramu kuti vadye zvakatsakatika zvose nendiro dzacho.
Manenji aya akaitika mumugwagwa waPhiri, kuStodart apo ndiro dzesadza rakapakurwa kubva mumadhiramu maviri nenyama yehuku nemuriwo wacho zvakashaikwa.
Izvi zvinonzi zvakaitika panhamo yaPhillip Alfonso (59) aigara panhamba 41 mumugwagwa waPhiri.
Murume uyu anonzi akafa asina kurwara uye akatofuma achiita mabasa epamba musi waazoshaya.
Mai Amina Nogwe (41), avo vanove muramu wemushakabvu, vanotsinhira nyaya yekutsakatika kwesadza nehusavi parufu.
“Vanhu kana vachinzwa nyaya iyi vanofunga kuti manyepo. Babamudiki Phillip vakafa vasina kurwara, vakangoita sevarohwa nezvishiri. Vakangonyarara pano pamba ndokuvaendesa kuchipatara cheHarare (Central Hospital) uko vakasvikofa.
“Mutumbi wavo wakazodzoswa pano pamba tikanouviga kuMbudzi,” vanodaro.
“Tadzoka, sezvo vanhu vakanga vaenda kumakuva vasina kudya, tete Christine Alfonso, hanzvadzi yemurume wangu vakabika sadza nevamwe kuseri kwemba vakapakura vachipa vanasikana vaifanirwa kunopa veruzhinji kuti vadye.
“Sadza iri harina kusvika kuvanhu dakara madhiramu maviri esadza apera. Imwe nyaya inonetsa ndeyekuti vasikana vatambidzwa sadza kuti vasvitse kuruzhinji vanoti havana kumbobvira vakagashidzwa sadza racho nevaipakura. Izvi zvinoreva kuti vaitambidza sadza iri kuvanhu vavaiona ivo voga, vachivafananidza nevasikana ava,” vanodaro.
Zvakazobuda vasikana vanonzi vaipihwa sadza kuti vasvitse kuruzhinji ava vaitenge vagere muruzhinji uye havana kumbobvira vasvika kumoto kwaibikwa zvekudya.
“Nguva yaipakurwa sadza iyi, vanhu vainge vari mubishi kugova nhumbi.”
Mai Nogwe vanoti zvinoreva kuti vanhu vaitambidzwa sadza raipakurwa iri vaionekwa nevabika bedzi.
“Chinonetsa ndechekuti ndiro dzose dzakapakurirwa sadza iri hadzina kuwanikwa kusvika nanhasi. Zhinji dzacho dzaiva dzangu nedzavamwene vangu nedzevamwe. Hatina ndiro pano izvozvi, dzakaenda nezvipoko zvakadya sadza, kana zvidhoma hamheno.
“Vaenzi vairemekedzwa vaisanganisira vana sekuru, madzitezvara nevamwe vakabva pano vachizunza misoro vasina kudya,” vanodaro.
Mai Christine Alfonso (63), avo vanonzi mumwe wevaipakura sadza iri, vanoti zvakaitika izvi mashura chaiwo.
Ndakabika sadza ndokupakura apo vanhu vaigova nhumbi. Ndinoyeuka kuti ndakashevedza vasikana vatatu kuti vandibatsire kubika nekuzopa vanhu chikafu vaisanganisa Elizabeth, Rebecca naBertha, avo ndaitopa sadza ndichivaona vachienda kuruzhinji kumberi kwemba. Asi ndakazoshamiswa kunzwa kuti hakuna sadza rakasvika kuvanhu, vana ava vakaramba kuti vakambosvika kuchoto,” vanodaro.
“Taona masaramusi aya, takanzwa kutya kukuru ini ndikati kuruzhinji hatinamatei kuti tikunde miyedzo iyi.”
VaObert Alfonso (73), vanova mukoma wemushakabvu, vanotiwo nyaya iyi yakavasiya vasina neremuromo.
“Munin’ina wangu akafa asina kurwara, akafuma asingarware achitoti aida jolly juice, ice lolo nefodya, achiramba kudya ndokuzoenda kuchipatara uko akanofa. Vanhu vaiva parufu pano vakazobva vasina kudya sadza ratorwa nezvinhu zvisina kuonekwa,” vanodaro.
Vanotizve zuva rakazofa Phillip iri akatanga asakura nekubvisa marara pachivanze.
“Nyaya yakaitika pano tinoda maporofita nen’anga magodobori nekuti hakuna kwazvakamboitika kuti sadza rinonzi rinonyangarika vanhu voshaya chekudya. Zviri pachena kuti zvinodaro zviri zvidhoma kana zvikwambo zvakaita mabasa aya,” vanodaro.
Vanoti Phillip akafa muviri wake uchiita sewaiva waburitswa mufiriji kutonhora uyewo anonzi akafa akavhura maziso ayo akaramba kuvharika kusvikira pakuvigwa.
Amai vepamba apa, Mbuya Rosina Alfonso, havana kukwaniswa kutaurwa navo neKwayedza sezvo vakawanikwa varere nehurwere.
Mushure merufu urwu pakazorwarawo mumwe mukomana mumhuri iyi, Edison Alfonso, uyo anonzi akapotsa afa akanoponera kuchipatara.
“Hatichaziva zviri kuitika, tangopedza kuviga Phillip, Edison akarwara zvisina kunzwisisika. Hatichaziva kuti chii,” vanodaro VaObert Alfonso.
Pane mashoko akabuda anoti Phillip airova baba vake avo vakazofa vaine shungu iye asina kuvaripa.
“Pamba apa pane ngozi, iye mukomana wekuzofa Phillip uyu airova baba vake zvinozivikanwa nevakawanda muno. Baba vake vafa akapihwa shati iyo yakazonzi nevanoziva arege kuipfeka ikazonoiswa pamusoro peguva rababa vake zvichinzi baba ava vakafa vaine shungu naye.
“Saka kuzofa kwake asina kurwara nekuzoshaika kwesadza parufu rwake hazvishamise,” yakadaro imwe hama yemhuri iyi.
Asi VaObert Alfonso vakaramba mashoko aya vachiti manyepo ekuda kusvibisa zita ravo.
Sekuru Bonface Katerere vekuUzumba vanoti mumhuri yemushakabvu uyu munogona kunge muine ngozi yakakonzeresa kushaika kwesadza nehusavi hwacho parufu.
“Pamba apa panogona kunge paine ngozi hombe kana zvikwambo. Hushereketwaka uhu. Makamboona sadza rinonyangarika panhamo vanhu votadza kudya?” vanodaro Sekuru Katerere.
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Pachine tariro yeTyler Cameron naHannah Brown kudanana.
Maka Bourdillon / ABC kuburikidza neGetty Mifananidzo
Ivo vaviri - vakasangana paakaridza nyeredzi se 'The Bachelorette' gore rapfuura - vaive kunyura mukufungidzira kwerudo munaKurume mushure mekunge vaita kunge vari kugara vega muFlorida. Kubva ipapo, vaviri vacho vese vakati havana kuroora, asi Tyler haana kuvhara mukova pane angangoita kudanana.
'Ndiye mumwe munhu shamwari yangu inodikanwa,' Tyler akaudza E! Nhau padzakabvunzwa nezveyaimbove 'Kutamba Nenyeredzi' champ. 'Ndiri kufara kwazvo kuti isu tinogona kuve nehukama ikozvino. Uye ndizvozvo, iwe unoziva, asi, iwe unoziva, munhu wese anongoita chibvumirano chikuru kubva mune zvese uye ndizvo zvazvichava. Asi, ndinotenda zvikuru kuva naye seshamwari. '
Akaenderera achiti, 'Ndingati tiri shamwari izvozvi. Ini handisi munzvimbo yandakagadzirira kufambidzana nemunhu. Saka, kana ndangosvika panzvimbo iyoyo, pamwe rimwe zuva, asi izvozvi ndinongotenda kuti tinogona kuva shamwari. '
imbwa iri sei mukadzi bounty muvhimi?John Fleenor / ABC kuburikidza neGetty Mifananidzo
Hana, uyo ane mukurumbira akarambana nemukomana Jed Wyatt mushure zvakaratidzwa kuti aive nemusikana paanokandwa pa 'The Bachelorette,' achangobva kutaura kuti haasi kupokana nekuve nemukomana, asi ari kupomba mabhureki ekutanga mhuri kwenguva iripo.
'Dai iwe ungadai wakandibvunza semakore mashoma apfuura, ndingadai ndakave, senge, oh chokwadi na25 ndakaroora. Uye pamwe kufunga nezvevana mune inotevera, sekuyedza kubata pamuviri izvozvi, 'akadaro. 'Shamwari dzangu zhinji dzine vacheche uye ndivo vanaamai vakanakisa, asi ini handina kuzvifungidzira, ini handisati ndagadzirira izvozvo izvozvi. Ndinoreva, ndinogona kuva. Kana chimwe chinhu chakaitika, ndinogona kuva. Asi ndichiri kuedza kutsvaga hupenyu hwangu. '
Akawedzera, 'Zvakare, ini handina ... unofanirwa kuva nechakakosha chimwe cheicho. Uye handidi. '


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Trends + Research
The internet has brought many changes and given a lot of opportunities for connecting with each other, hence it’s called a global village. One of the advantages of a global village is the ability for people to communicate with each other and this has been largely facilitated by the use of lingua francas such as English however, many other languages have less representation on the digital landscape. The Languages Technology for All (LT4All) conference held in 2019 organized by UNESCO notes that of the over 7500 languages found across the world, less than 100 are covered on the digital landscape and of those 100 less than 10 languages have a relative coverage of services and applications for language technologies. This shows that there is no equal representation of languages as some languages have more resources and tools resulting in better coverage and use more than others. Looking at the situation in most African countries, the languages of the former colonizers, are used as the lingua franca, whilst the native languages are reserved for informal situations. More linguistic resources that include machine readable texts have been produced for the lingua franca as opposed to the native languages. Languages resources represent the datasets which are used to build natural language technologies and these resources are the foundation from which any activity can be built upon. The United Nations General Assembly recently declared the 10-year period between 2022 and 2032 as the “International Decade of Indigenous Languages”. This was declared with an impetus to “preserve, revitalize and promote” indigenous languages and has been proposed due to the dire state of indigenous languages around the world.
There has been a lot of investments in the development and curation of linguistic resources like books has led to the classification of these lingua franca to be “high-resourced”. Although this has advanced language technologies in general, this has also come at the expense of the “low-resource languages” as there is less investment into technologies which make it easier for native speakers. When efforts have been made to work on these languages, the results have been good but not comparable to those obtained for the more widely studied languages. Most people who work on creating language technologies do not speak the low-resource languages, so they cannot really measure how effective these tools are. Low representation is the problem, that, as stated by LT4All, puts “native speakers of those under-resourced languages in a disadvantageous situation, creating a digital divide, and places their languages in danger of digital extinction, if not complete extinction”.
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Due to the lack of attention for indigenous languages, there has recently been a new impetus and establishes language resources, training algorithms and language models as the three key ingredients which are fundamental for improvement and representation of languages as part of its digital strategy. Although training algorithms and languages models are very important this article will mainly focus on the language resources. For the perspective of African languages, (Martinus & Abbott, 2019) identify two main problems with resources which are availability and discoverability. With low availability of resources, there is lack of data that can be used to train algorithms for AI which makes it hard to work on these languages. For the few resources that are available, there are not easy to find which also renders them difficult to curate and work with. The issue of the lack of datasets is a foundational issue as every other process of building language technologies depends on it. On a broader perspective, the AI4D report notes that most African organizations do not have the required resources, protocols and infrastructure to support the creation of representative datasets. So, in essence there is need for a concerted effort to help create datasets as foundation for any language technology to be built.
Initiatives have sprung up which are working to address these issues with organizations such as Knowledge for All creating fellowships for the creation of datasets for low-resource African languages. This initiative has resulted in the creation of datasets for 9 languages, which are spoken across more than 20 countries in Africa. In 2020 an organization called the Lacuna fund was initiated which has the aim of funding the collaborative creation of datasets for the across computer vision for agriculture, health and most importantly language datasets for low resources African languages. These initiatives are very welcome as they help solve the biggest issue to working with language technologies. Furthermore, the people who speak these languages are the forefront of creating these resources and are able to utilize them in a way that benefits their own people.
I am big believer in the notion that native speakers of the languages should be on the forefront of creating tools and technologies as they are well acquainted with the intricacies of their own language. Some issues that come along with this are the issues which relate to barriers of entry into creating tools for language technologies. At most, people are afraid to take this up as there is an assumption that you need to be a technology expert to contribute to the creation of these technologies, which is actually not the case. This has been demonstrated for example by Masakhane community started in 2019 which is a “A grassroots NLP community for Africa, by Africans” and nurtures the idea of Africans being at the forefront of working on African NLP. Since its inception, one of the pivotal works they have done is a paper they published on participatory research (Nekoto et al., 2020) for African languages. This work resulted in a publication of benchmarks for 40 African languages for the Machine Translation (MT) task.
A participatory approach to research involves engagement of individuals who are not necessarily trained and skilled in research but are directly affected with the output of the research activities (Vaughn & Jacquez, 2020). With this approach participants become stakeholders as they get affected by outcomes of research and on the other hand are involved in working to find a solution to a problem. One area that can benefit from a participatory approach is the creation of language datasets for building language technologies. A participatory approach to building language technology tools is beneficial as it firstly lowers the barriers of entry. In this approach everyone does not need to be an expert at building and training models but they can be an expert at something that helps the creation of the tools. For example, for the MT process by Masakhane, five agents were identified who are involved in the process of building of machine translation models namely, content creators, translators, curators, language technologists and evaluators. Content creators prepare the content which is monolingual in their indigenous language. The translators have the role of translating this content into a different language such as English. The source text and the translated text are then selected and organized by a curator into a parallel dataset that can be used for the model building process. All these roles need expertise which is critical to the building of the datasets which contribute immensely to the process of model building. On the other side of the model creation process, there are language technologists and evaluators. The language technologists are responsible for the model building whilst the evaluators evaluate the trained models to make sure they are making quality translations. All these roles and processes they are involved in are better shown in figure 1 from the Masakhane publication. These roles are not concrete but can be fluid as one agent can wear many hats especially when they are proficient in the use of the native language. As an example, an agent can be a curator, in making sure that data is in a format that can be used for model building whilst at the same time be a language technologist who builds the models. This can go further into being an evaluator to make sure that the models are providing quality output.
Although the specific use case for the Masakhane paper was limited to one language technology which is machine translation, this approach is certainly useful in other uses cases. A lot of data is being amassed by private companies in local languages which can be useful when annotated for use cases such as disinformation and hate speech (Marivate, 2020). Other use cases such as information extraction from unstructured text through identifying named entities will benefit from a participatory approach.
Preservation of native languages needs a proactive approach by the native speakers instead of waiting for the tech companies to take up the initiative. The information age has opened up a lot of avenues to gain knowledge on how to effectively build tools and technologies which help bring the native languages onto the digital landscape. The barriers of entry have been lowered and everyone can take a part in contributing to preservation of native languages through a participatory approach. Creating resources will provide a ripple effect where language technologies can be built and these language technologies will allow people to use their native languages more. When people use their native languages more, it will lead to even more resources which ultimately improve the language technologies for those languages.
SHONA
Kuchengetedza kuburikidza nekutora chikamu
Dandemutande rakaunza shanduko dzakawanda uye rakapa mikana yakawanda yekubatana, nekudaro inonzi musha wepasi rose . .Chimwe chezvakanakira musha wepasi rose kugona kwevanhu kutaurirana pachavo uye izvi zvakafambiswa zvakanyanya nekushandiswa kwe mitauro yakaita seChirungu zvisinei, mimwe mitauro mizhinji ine humiriri hushoma pamadandemutande.. Musangano we Languages Technology for All (LT4All) wakaitwa muna 2019 wakarongwa neUNESCO unoona kuti pamitauro inopfuura mazana manomwe nemazana mashanu inowanikwa pasi rose, isingasviki zana ndiyo inotaridzwa padigital landscape uye pamitauro iyi zana, mitauro isingasviki gumi ndiyo ine zvikwanisiro zvekuti ishandiswe paunyanzvi hwemitauro . Izvi zvinoratidza kuti hapana kumiririrwa kwakaenzana kwemitauro sezvo mimwe mitauro iine zviwanikwa uye maturusi akawanda zvinoita kuti pave nekufambiswa kuri nani nekushandiswa zvakanyanya kupfuura mimwe. Tichitarisa mamiriro akaita zvinhu munyika zhinji dzemuAfrica, mitauro yevaimbova vapambi, inoshandiswa semitauro yekutaura, nepo mitauro yemo ichichengeterwa mamiriro asina kurongwa. Zvimwe zvinyorwa zvemitauro zvinosanganisira zvinyorwa zvinoverengeka nemuchina zvakagadzirirwa mitauro yevapambi kupfuura mitauro yemo. Zviwanikwa zvemitauro zvinomiririra dhataseti rinoshandiswa kuvaka matekinoroji emutauro wechisikirwo uye zviwanikwa izvi ndihwo hwaro panogona kuvakirwa chero chiitiko. United Nations General Assembly ichangobva kuzivisa nguva yemakore gumi pakati pa2022 na2032 se “Makore gumi eMitauro Yechivanhu”. Izvi zvakaziviswa nechisungo “chekuchengetedza, kumutsidzira nekusimudzira” mitauro yechivanhu uye zvakakurudzirwa nekuda kwemamiriro akaipisisa akaita mitauro yechivanhu pasi rose.
Pakave nekudyara kwakawanda mukusimudzira nekugadzirisa zviwanikwa zvemitauro senge mabhuku zvakakonzera kurongwa kwemitauro iyi kuti inzi “zviwanikwa-zvepamusoro”. Kunyangwe izvi zvavandudza matekinoroji emitauro jekerere, izvi zvauyawo nekutsikirirwa kwe “mitauro yechivanhu” sezvo paine kushomeka kwekudyarwa kwehunyanzvi hwekuita kuti zvive nyore kune vatauri vayo. Apo nhamburiko dzakaitwa dzokushanda pamitauro iyi, mhedzisiro yaive yakanaka asi isingaenzaniswi neyakawanikwa pamitauro inodzidzwa zvikuru. Vanhu vazhinji vanoshanda mukugadzira matekinoroji emitauro havataure mitauro yechivanhu, saka havagone kunyatso kuyera kuti maturusi aya anoshanda zvakanaka sei. Kumiririrwa kushoma ndiro dambudziko, sezvakataurwa neLT4All, inoti “vatauri vemitauro yechivanhu isinganyanyoshandiswa, mumamiriro ezvinhu asina kunaka, zvichigadzira kupatsanurwa kwedhigitari, uye kuisa mitauro yavo munjodzi yekutsakatika, kana kusiri kutsakatika zvachose”.
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Nekuda kwekusatariswa kwemitauro yechivanhu, nguva diki yapfuura pakava nesimba idzva nechido chekugadzira michina yemitauro yechivanhu muAfrica. Mitemo ye EU ye tekinorogi yemitauro inogadza zviwanikwa zvemitauro, kudzidzisa maalgorithms uye mhando dzemitauro , sezvinhu zvitatu zvakakosha zvekuvandudza nekumiririra mitauro sechikamu chenzira yedhijitari. Kunyangwe kudzidzisa maalgorithms ne mhando dzemitauro kwakakosha chinyorwa chino chinonyanyo tarisa pane zviwanikwa zvemutauro. Pamaonero emitauro yemuAfrica, (Martinus & Abbott, 2019) vanonongedza matambudziko makuru maviri ane zviwanikwa anoti mawanikirwo uye maonekerwo. Nekuwanikwa kwakaderera kwezviwanikwa, pane kushomeka kweruzivo runogona kushandiswa kudzidzisa maalgorithms kune vose izvo zvinoita kuti zviome kushanda pamitauro iyi. Pazviwanikwa zvishoma zviripo, hazvisi nyore kuwana izvo zvakare zvinoita kuti zviome kugadzirisa uye kushanda nazvo. Nyaya yekushaikwa kwemadataset inyaya inehwaro hukuru sezvo mamwe maitiro ekuvaka mazano emitauro anobva pairi. Pamaonero akavandudzwa, gwaro reAI4D rinoona kuti masangano mazhinji emuAfrica haana zviwanikwa zvinodikanwa, maprotocol uye zvivakwa zvekutsigira kuumbwa kweruzivo runomiririra. Saka, muchidimbu panodiwa kuedza kwakubatirana kubatsira kugadzira dhataseti sehwaro hwechero tekinoroji yemutauro ichavakwa.
Mazano amuka ayo ari kushanda kugadzirisa nyaya idzi nemasangano akaita seKnowledge for All creating fellowships , kugadzira madhataseti emitauro yechivanhu yemuAfrica. Chirongwa ichi chakonzera kuti pave ne kuumbwa kwemadataseti emitauro mipfumbamwe , iyo inotaurwa munyika dzinopfuura makumi maviri muAfrica. Muna 2020 sangano rinonzi Lacuna fund rakavambwa iro rine donzvo rekupa mari mukubatanidzwa kwedataseti echiono chekombiuta chezvekurima, hutano uye zvakanyanya kukosha madhatabhesi emitauro yechivanhu yemuAfrica. Zvirongwa izvi zvinogamuchirwa zvikuru sezvo zvichibatsira kugadzirisa nyaya huru pakushanda neruzivo rwemitauro. Pamusoro pezvo, vanhu vanotaura mitauro iyi ndivo vari pamberi mukugadzira zviwanikwa izvi uye vanokwanisa kuzvishandisa nenzira inobatsira vanhu vavo.
Ndinotenda zvikuru mupfungwa yekuti vatauri vemitauro iyi vanofanira kunge vari pamberi pakugadzira maturusi neruzivo rwemichina sezvo vachinyatsoziva hunyanzvi hwemitauro yavo. Dzimwe nyaya dzinouya neizvi inyaya dzine chekuita nezvipingaidzo zvekupinda mukugadzira maturusi ehunyanzvi hwemitauro. Kazhinji, vanhu vanotya kutora izvi kumusoro sezvo paine fungidziro yekuti iwe unofanirwa kuve nyanzvi yehunyanzvi kuti ubatsire mukugadzirwa kwehunyanzvi uhu, izvo zvisiri izvo. Izvi zvakaratidzwa semuenzaniso nenharaunda yeMasakhane, yakatanga muna 2019 inova “Nzvimbo yeNLP yeAfrica, nemaAfricans” uye inosimudzira pfungwa yekuti maAfrica ave pamberi pekushanda paAfrican NLP. Kubva payakavambwa, rimwe remabasa akakosha avakaita igwaro ravakaburitsa patsvagiridzo yemubatanidzwa (Nekoto et al., 2020) yemitauro yemuAfrica. Iri basa rakakonzera kuburitswa kwezviyero zvemitauro makumi mana yemuAfrica yeMachine Translation (MT) task.
Maitirwo ekutora chikamu patsvagiridzo anosanganisira kubatanidzwa kwevanhu vasina kudzidziswa uye nehunyanzvi mukutsvakurudza asi vanokanganiswa nekubuda kwezviitwa zvetsvakurudzo (Vaughn & Jacquez, 2020). Nenzira iyi vapinda muchirongwa vanove nechikamu sezvo vachikanganiswa nezvakabuda mutsvagiridzo uye nerumwe rutivi vanobatanidzwa mukushanda kutsvaga mhinduro kudambudziko. Imwe nzvimbo inogona kubatsirika kubva kunzira yekutora chikamu ndeyekugadzira madhataseti ehunyanzvi hwemitauro. Nzira yekutora chikamu pakuvaka maturusi ehunyanzvi hwemutauro inobatsira sezvo inotanga kudzikisa zvipingamupinyi zvekupinda. Nenzira iyi munhu wese haafanire kuve nyanzvi pakuvaka uye kudzidzisa nzira asi vanogona kuve nyanzvi pane chimwe chinhu chinobatsira kugadzirwa kwezvishandiso. Semuenzaniso, pachirongwa cheMT chakaitwa naMasakhane, vamiririri vashanu vakatsvagwa vari kuita basa rekuvaka michina yekududzira nzira inoti, vagadziri venyaya, vadudziri, vachengeti,
nyanzvi dzemutauro uye vaongorori. Vagadziri venyaya vanogadzira nyaya dzine mutauro mumwe chete mumitauro yavo. Vaturikiri vane basa rekuturikira nyaya mumutauro yakasiyana seweChirungu. Kwakabva zvinyorwa uye zvinyorwa zvakaturikirwa zvinobva zvasarudzwa nekurongwa nemuchengeti kuisa munerimwe dataseti rinogona kushandiswa pakuita nzira yekuvaka. Ese mabasa aya anoda hunyanzvi hunova hwakakosha pakuvaka dhataseti anonobatsira zvakanyanya mukuita kwekuvaka nzira. Kune rumwe rutivi rwemavakirwo enzira, kune nyanzvi dzemitauro uye vaongorori. Vanamazvikokota vemutauro ndivo vane basa rekuvaka nzira apo vaongorori vanoongorora nzira kuti vave nechokwadi kuti vari kuturikira zvemhando yepamusoro. Ese mabasa aya nemaitiro avanobatika maari anoratidzwa zviri nani mumufananidzo 1 kubva mubhuku reMasakhane. Aya mabasa haana kusimba asi anogona kubatanidzwa sezvo mumiririri mumwe chete anogona kupfeka nguwani zhinji kunyanya kana aine ruzivo mukushandisa mutauro weko. Semuenzaniso, mumiririri anogona kuve muchengeti, mukuita chokwadi chekuti ruzivo ruri muchimiro chinogona kushandiswa pakuvaka nzira panguva imwe cheteyo ari nyanzvi yemutauro anovaka nzira. Izvi zvinogona kuenderera mberi kuti ave muongorori kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti nzira dzirikubuda zvakanaka.
Kunyangwe kushandiswa kwemuenzaniso webepa reMasakhane kwaive kwakaganhurirwa kune mutauro mumwe chete unova kududzira kwemuchini, nzira iyi inobatsira mune imwe mienzaniso. Ruzivo ruzhinji ruri kuunganidzwa nemakambani akazvimirira mumitauro yemo izvo zvinogona kubatsira kana zvichitsanangurwa semuenzaniso inosanganisira kunyeperana uye kushandisa mutauro weruvengo (Marivate, 2020). imwe miyenzaniso yakadai se sekutorwa kwenyaya kubva muzvinyorwa zvisina kurongeka kuburikidza nekunongedzerwa kwemasangano anozivikanwa anozobatsirikana mukutora chikamu.
Kuchengetedzwa kwemitauro yemuno kunoda nzira inobatika nevatauri veko pane kumirira kuti makambani ehunyanzvi kuti atore matanho. Zera reruzivo rakavhura nzira dzakawanda dzekuwana ruzivo rwekuvaka nemazvo maturusi uye matekinoroji anobatsira kuunza mitauro yemuno padhijitari. Zvimhingamupinyi zvekupinda zvakadzikiswa uye munhu wese anogona kutora chikamu mukubatsira kuchengetedzwa kwemitauro yemuno kuburikidza nenzira yekutora chikamu . Kugadzira zviwanikwa kuchapa mhedzisiro apo matekinoroji emitauro anogona kuvakwa uye matekinoroji emitauro aya anobvumira vanhu kushandisa mitauro yavo yekuzvarwa zvakanyanya. Kana vanhu vakashandisa mitauro yavo yekuzvarwa zvakanyanya, zvinovatungamira kuzviwanikwa zvakatowanda izvo zvinozovandudza ruzivo rwemitauro yemitauro iyoyo.
Bibliography
Marivate, V. (2020). WHY AFRICAN NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING NOW ? A VIEW FROM SOUTH AFRICA # AFRICANLP Reflections on how machines learn to unearth. Mapungubwe Institute Od Strategic Reflection (MISTRA), November, 1–24.
Martinus, L., & Abbott, J. Z. (2019). A Focus on Neural Machine Translation for African Languages.
\forall, Nekoto, W., Marivate, V., Matsila, T., Fasubaa, T., Kolawole, T., Fagbohungbe, T., Akinola, S. O., Muhammad, S. H., Kabongo, S., Osei, S., Freshia, S., Niyongabo, R. A., Macharm, R., Ogayo, P., Ahia, O., Meressa, M., Adeyemi, M., Mokgesi-Selinga, M., Okegbemi, L., … Bashir, A. (2020). Participatory research for low-resourced machine translation: A case study in African languages. Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics Findings of ACL: EMNLP 2020, 2144–2160.
Vaughn, L. M., & Jacquez, F. (2020). Participatory Research Methods – Choice Points in the Research Process. Journal of Participatory Research Methods.
Photo credits: Trust Tru Katsande, Unsplash


text:
hwiricheya Cushion Ye S-ERGO 100 kana 300 Series
Wana zvakanakisisa hwiricheya pamutsai wako ERGO. Kunyangwe iwe uine yakajairwa hwiricheya, Ergo modhi kana 100/300 akateedzana hwiricheya, iwe unogona kuwana iyo S-ERGO kutsiva kana kuchangobva kushambadzira pane yako hwiricheya. IAegis yakarapwa anti-microbial seating system ine yakawanda ye zvinobatsira.
Iyo Aegis Inobata Anti-hutachiona hwiricheya Cushion yakakwana kune vanhu vane hunyoro rutsigiro uye yekumisikidza zvido. Iyo yakagadzirirwa kupa yakawedzera nyaradzo nerutsigiro kushandisa muchina unogona kuwachika uye kufema zvinhu zvinowedzera kusimba kwefuro. Iyo inobatsira zvikuru kune avo vanokwanisa kuita yavo yega huremu hwekuchinja kuitira kumanikidzwa kuzorora.hy shandisa Aegis hwiricheya Kushivheni?
Iyo Aegis Inobata Anti-hutachiona hwiricheya Cushion yakakwana kune vanhu vane hunyoro rutsigiro uye yekumisikidza zvido. Iyo yakagadzirirwa kupa yakawedzera nyaradzo nerutsigiro kushandisa muchina unogona kuwachika uye kufema zvinhu zvinowedzera kusimba kwefuro. Iyo inobatsira zvikuru kune avo vanokwanisa kuita yavo yega huremu hwekuchinja kuitira kumanikidzwa kuzorora.
Sei uchishandisa Aegis hwiricheya Kushivheni?
- Velcro Kwete-kutsvedza pazasi uye kumashure
- Yakapfava polyurethane foam
- Inofema, inodzivirira mvura mesh jira
- Machine washable
- Zviri nyore kubatika uye zvinobviswa
- Anti hutachiona
- AGEIS inorapwa hwiricheya cushion
- Dhizaini dhizaini uye ruvara
- Inowedzera kunaka
Inoisa Makushoni eS-105, 106, 115, 115-TP, 125. S-305
Mazhinji S-ERGO Series Ultralight Mawiricheya uya zvakajairika ne AEIGIS® kubata anti-microbial yakavharwa zvigaro sisitimu ayo ari nyore kubvisa uye akanamatira kune hwiricheya by velcro. Mimwe mitsara yeS-ERGO inopa yakavakirwa muhurongwa iyo ingangoda kuti mutyairi wemagetsi abvise zviri nyore kuti igezwe. Uyu 1/2 ″ mutiro unogara pane yakawanda-nhanho ye microfiber inoputirana furo ine yakakwenenzverwa yekumisikidza kuona refu inoregedza yakatsiga cushion.
Iyi anti bhakitiriya hwiricheya Cushion inobvumidza yepamusoro yekufema kubvumira mweya kupinda mukati meS-Shape Seating system kuwedzera nyaradzo kumushandisi. Mhepo yakagadzirirwa kutendera iwo anotyaira masimba ekupisa uye humidity kuti iparadzwe mune ambient tembiricha. Kuyedza kwedu kusimudzira izvi tichipokana neanogona mabhakitiriya anovaka nekupfekedza chigaro chechigaro nacho AEIGIS® inoita iyi sarudzo yakanakisa. Ndiyo musanganiswa wakakwana uye unoenderana ne hwiricheya pasina chinodikanwa chegobvu hwiricheya pamutsago. Verenga zvakawanda pamusoro S-Rakaumbwa zvigaro kuti uone mutambo wakakwana pamusoro pekuti nei iri iri sarudzo yedu yemakusheni evose S-ERGO's.
*Paunenge uchibhadharisa, ndapota tarisa nemazuvano madhaidhi ePADAC. Ruzivo urwu haruna kuitirwa kuti rwuve, uyezve harufanire kutorwa sekubhadhara kana kuraira kwepamutemo. Vapiro vane basa rekuona makodhi akakodzera ekubhadharisa kana vachiendesa zvirevo kuchirongwa cheMedare uye vanofanirwa kubvunza gweta kana vamwe vanachipangamazano kuti vakurukure mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu mune rumwe ruzivo.
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