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Rutsvamhumburu
Rutsvamhumburu kana kuti Holocaust kuChirungu raiva jambwa rokuurayiwa kukuru kwemaJudah munguva yakarwiwa Hondo yePasirose yeChipiri. Urwu rushambwa rwakatungamirwa naAdolf Hitler neBato reNazi avo vakakonzera kuurayiwa kwemaJudah vaigara muGermany nevamwe vaigara kune mamwe matunhu akanga akapambwa neGermany munguva iyi kuEurope. Nyanzvi dzenhoroondo dzine fungidziro yokuti maJudah vakaurayiwa nejambwa iri vakasvika mamiriyoni matanhatu (6m). Shoko rekuti Holocaust rinoreva burnt whole, saka kwedu kuChiShona kwanzi rutsvamhumburu kureva kuti muviri wemunhu waipiswa uri mhumburu kuita dota pasina chaisara.
Zvinonzi panguva iyi muEurope maiva nevagari verudzi rwechiJudah vanosvika mamiriyoni pfumbamwe (9m); muhondo iyi vakatsakatika vaiva zvikamu zviviri kubva muzvitatu (2/3) ivava vakaurayiwa nerutsvamhumburu. Vana vadiki vechiJudah vakafa murutsvamhumburu vanosvika miriyoni rimwe (1m), madzimai vakafa vanokwana mamiriyoni maviri (2m) uye varume vakaurayiwa mujambwa iri vanokwana mamiriyoni matatu (3m). Makamba nenzvimbo dzakashandiswa kutenhera, kumbunyikidza nokuuraya maJudah nevamwe vemarudzi akasiyana dzinonzi dzaisvika zviuru makumi mana (40,000).
Dzimwe nyanzvi dzenhoroondo dzinoti nhamba yevanhu vakafa nekupondwa kwemhomho dzevaRomani uye kuurayiwa kwevanhu vakaremara inofanirwa kunge ichiverengwawo sechikamu cherutsvamhumburu. Saka kune vamwe vadzidzi venhoroondo vanoshandisa irori shoko rekuti rutsvamhumburu kurevawo vanhu vasiri vechiJudah vakafa mukuponda murakatira kwose kwakaitwa neBato reNazi. Vamwe vakaurayiwa vanosanganisirisa: vasungwa vehondo vekuSoviet Union, uye vanhu vemumaruwa ekuPoland neSoviet Union pamwe nengochani. Nhamba dziri kumisikidzwa zvichibva pakuwa kwakaita Soviet Union dzinoti vanhu vemumaruwa pamwe nevasungwa vehondo vakapondwa neBato reNazi vanosvika mamiriyoni gumi nerimwe (11m).
Kune matanho emitemo akatanga kutemwa muGermany aya matanho achizoteverwa nekufurutswa kwevanhu pamwe nejambwa remharadzarudzi. Kwakatarwa mitemo yakatsaukana yaive nechinangwa chokubvisa maJudah kubva mumaruwa mavaigara; iyi inosanganisira mitemo yeNuremberg yegore 1935 nemimwe yakatarwa Hondo yePasirose yeChipiri isati yatanga. Hurumende yaHitler yakavaka kamba dzenhapwa (concentration camps) uko kwavharirwa vanhu vachishandiswa sevaranda kudzamara vafe nezvirwere kana kuneta. Mumatunhu akanga apambwa neGermany kumabvazuva kweEurope kwakaumbwa zvikwata zvechiwuto zvaita basa rokuponda mhomho dzemaJudah pamwe nevaipikisana nemawuto aya pane zvematongerwo enyika.
Mawuto eGermany mumatunhu avakanga vapamba akaisa mitemo yaimanikika vanhu verudzi rwechiJudah pamwe nevaRomani kuti vagare mumatangwena umo vanhu vaigara riri dzvikitsviki kunzvindana sematemba. Vanhu vaitorw kubva mutangwena umu vachiendeswa nechitima kuenda kukamba dzekuuraya (extermination camps) uko vaiurayiwa munhungu dzechefu yegasi ndokunge vararama rwendo rwechitima. Mapazi ose ehofisi dzeGermany akanga achibatirana mukushanda mabasa akasvitsa kuti kuve nebaradzarudzi.


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HARARE—
Mitauro yechivanhu, zvikuru mitauro yemarudzi madiki, inofanirwa kuchengetedzwa kuitira kuti mitauro iyi isaparare. Mashoko aya akabuda pamusangano wakaitwa neChipiri muHarare.
Vachitaura pamusangano wakarongwa nebazi rezvekudyidzana neveruzhinji pamuzinda weAmerica muZimbabwe, nyanzvi mururimi rweShona, uye vari mukuru wepepanhau repaindaneti re Chiringiro, Doctor Charlton Tsodzo, vakati mitauro yechivanhu inogona kuparara kana ikasasimudzirwa nenzira yakakwana.
VaTsodzo, avo vanova hama yemunyori ane mukurumbira munyika, VaThompson Tsodzo, vakati zviri kuitika pasi rose zvinoratidza kuti mimwe mitauro inogona kuparara ikasachengetedzwa zvine hudzamu.
VaTsodzo vakati chinosuwisa ndechekuti vanhu vakawanda vave kutarisira pasi mitauro yavo sezvo zvese zvavanoita vave kuzviita nenzira irinyore nemutauro weChirungu.
Vakatiwo izvi zvinoita kuti mutauro uparare zvichibva zvakonzerawo kuparara kwetsika nemagariro evanhu. Vakati kuti izvi zvisaitike, panodiwa matanho anotorwa okukuridzira mitauro pachitevedzerwa nzira yakaita sokuita mabhizimusi nemitauro iyoyi.
Vakatiwo mabasa akaita seiwaya ave kutoitwa nemakambani anosanganisira Microsoft.
Mumwe wevakapinda musangano uyu, Rudombo Tenga, akakuridzirawo vechidiki kuti vasarasike gwara nenyaya yokutevedzera chirungu uye vasanyare kutaura nemitauro yavo.
VaTsodzo vane sangano reMaendeleo iro rinoshanda nemapazi ehurumende mukunyora magwaro ehurumende kubva muChirungu vachiaisa mururimi rweShona.
Zimbabwe iri mukati mekugadzira bumbiro idzva remitemo yenyika, asi pane
kusawirirana mumapato ezvematongerwo enyika pakuti mitauro yechivanhu yemarudzi madiki kuti inge ichishandiswawo semitauro zviri pamutemo.

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Mweya Mutsvene
Muchitendero chechiKristu, Mweya Mutsvene ishoko rinoshandiswa kureva mweya waMwari uyo anenge ari Mwari ari kubata panyika kune vakatenda kuna Jesu Kristu. Mweya Mutsvene uyu haaonekwe nemaziso asi vanotenda vanomuziva kuburikidza nemabasa ake mavari.
Bhaibheri rinoonesa kuti Mweya Mutsvene akanga aripo kubvira pakutanga apo panonzi muna Genesis 1 verse 2 'Mweya waMwari wakanga achigara pamusoro pemvura'. Zvakare kuTestamente Yakare Mweya Mutsvene anoonekwa achibata kuburikidza neavo vaiProfita.
Mabasa aMweya Mutsvene[chinja | edit source]
Mabasa anoitwa naMweya Mutsvene anosanganisira:
- Kudzidzisa Shoko raMwari.
- Kuyeuchidza Shoko raMwari nekururama kwake.
- Kuzivisa vatendi pfungwa dzaMwari neizvo zviri kuitwa kana kuti zvichaitwa naMwari.
- Kubata muvatendi kuburikidza nezvipo zvaMweya Mutsvene.


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Hukwidza
Muchidzidzo chePimanyika, tsangudzo dzinotevera dzinopihwa maererano nekupimwa kwenhambwe.
Hurefu (length) - shoko iri rinoreva kureba kwenzvimbo kana ichipimwa. Kana tiri kuMasvomhu, hurefu hunoshandiswa kududza divi rakanyanya kureba kudarika mamwe.
Hwasha (width) - shoko iri rinoreva kupamhama kwenzvimbo kana ichipimwa
Hudzamu (depth) - shoko rinoreva kudzika kwenzvimbo kana ichipimwa. Shoko iri rinoshandiswa kududza kupimwa kwenhambwe zvichitevedza rudzivo rwekudzika pasi.
Hukwidza (height, altitude) - iri shoko rinonyanya kushandiswa kududza kupimwa kwenhambwe zvichitevedza rudzivo rwekuenda mudenga. Somuenzaniso tingataura hukwidza hwendenge iri kubhururuka kana chivakwa chemudurikidzanwa. Mukutaura kwamazuva ose tinoti chinhu chiri pakakwirira kana pakaderera, muzvidzidzo zveScience zvakafanira kuti titaure pamusoro pehukwidza.
Mipimo yose yataurwa pamusoro inoshandisha chiyero chenhambwe chinonzi mita (metre).


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Gonyo rasudurukwa
Muchidzidzo fundoyetsimba kana kuchitaurwa zveGonyo rasudurukwa (Angular displacement in English) panenge pachitsvakwa kuti poyindi iri pachiumbwa chiri kutendera paakiso, yatenderera gonyo rakakura sei kubva patangirwa.
Somuenzanizo, tikacherechedza poyindi iri pamapeto evhiri tinoona kuti poyindi iyi hasuduruki kutiza kubva pane akiso yevhiri. Asi poyindi iyi inoshanduka pairi mukutenderera kunoita vhiri. Saka zvadai kunenge kopimiwa kuti poyindi iyi yapoterera gonyo rakadii kubva payanga iri pavambwa kupima.
Nokumwe kutaura gonyo rasudurukwa rinopima gonyo rafambwa nemutsetse kana poyindi pakutendererwa akiso inozivikanwa yakatarwa. Gonyo iri rinenge richipimwa nechiyero chinonzi radian kana kuti dhigirii kana dendera.
Pamuenzaniso uri kurudyi, kabanzu kari pachiumbwa P kari nhambwe r kubva pagoko rechiumbwa O. Gonyo θ ratendererwa nekabanzu riri kushanduka asi nhambwe r kubva pagoko haisi kuchinja. Kabanzu pakanotenderera denderedzwa kanofamba nhambwe s inotodzaniswa kugonyo rafambwa kuchishandiswa tsazaniso inoti
Gonyo rasudurukwa rinonyanya kupimwa nema radians kwete degrees. Radian inoita zvive nyore kutodzanisa gonyo rafambwa θ, nenhambwe yafambwa pamunyonga s, nenhambwe r kubva pagoko.
Somuenzaniso kana kabanzu kapoterera 360 degrees padenderedzwa rine taramunyongo r, gonyo rasudurukwa rakaenzana nenhambwe yepimamuganhu inopiwa netsazaniso inoti is 2πr Kana zvagovaniswa netaramunyongo: zviri nyore kusvika pana . Saka dendera rimwe rakaenzana ne radians.


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Category:Kupatsanura
Chinyorwa chino chiri kuunganidza mashoko eChiShona anoreva chiito chokonzera kuti chinhu changa chiri chimwe chive zviviri kana zvinodarika zviviri. Mashoko aya anosanganisira kubvarura, kutyora, kukwachura, kusvuura, kugera, kumweta, kutema, kutsemura, kugaya, kukuya, kukamura, zvichingodaro. Zvakakosha kuti mashoko aya aunganinzwe pamwe achidudzirwa zvaanoreva, kuchitaurwa mashandisirwo awo. Kudzidza kwose kunoitwa kuchikoro, mumhuri, kuKereke, kudzimba, kumabasa kune chekuita nokugona kupatsanura zvinoreva mashoko anoshandiswa uye kutaura kuti anoreveyi. Zvichinge zvamira zvakadaro kunzwisisana kunova nyore, uye munhu anokwanisa kutumwa achinoitwa sekutaura kwaita iye amutuma.
Pages in category "Kupatsanura"
The following 11 pages are in this category, out of 11 total.


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Chitsauko 13
Ndingaitei Kuti Ndirege Kunyanya Kusuruvara?
“Shamwari dzangu padzinotadza kutsungirira matambudziko, ndinodzibatsira kugadzirisa matambudziko adzo ndoita kuti dzinzwe zvakanaka. Asi vanhu vakawanda havazivi kuti pandinoenda kumba ndinopinda muimba yangu ndochema.”—Kellie.
“Pandinenge ndakaora mwoyo, ndinogara ndiri ndega. Pandinokokwa nevamwe, ndinotsvaga zvikonzero zvokuti ndisaenda. Ndinogona kuita kuti vomumhuri mangu vasaona kuti ndakasuruvara. Vanofunga kuti zviri kundifambira zvakanaka.”—Rick.
WAKAMBOVAWO nepfungwa dzakafanana nedzaKellie kana kuti Rick here? Kana zvakadaro, usakurumidza kuti pane zvisina kumira zvakanaka pauri. Chokwadi ndechokuti munhu wose anosuruvara apo neapo. Kunyange varume nevakadzi vakatendeka vemuBhaibheri vakadaro.—1 Samueri 1:6-8; Pisarema 35:14.
Dzimwe nguva unogona kuziva zvinenge zvaita kuti usuruvare; dzimwe nguva ungasazviziva. Anna ane makore 19 anoti, “Hazvirevi hazvo kuti unosuruvara chete kana waomerwa noupenyu. Unogona kusuruvara chero nguva kunyange usina kana dambudziko muupenyu hwako. Hazvitsananguriki, asi zvinoitika!”
Pasinei nokuti zvii zvakakonzera—kunyange zvichiita sezvisipo—ungaitei kana wanyanya kusuruvara? Edza kuita zvinotevera:
1. Taura nezvazvo. Paaishushikana mupfungwa, Jobho akati: “Ndichataura mweya wangu uchirwadziwa!”—Jobho 10:1.
Kellie anoti: “Pashure pokutaura nemumwe munhu ndinonzwa ndarerukirwa zvinoshamisa. Pakupedzisira, mumwe munhu anenge aziva dambudziko rangu. Anogona kudzikisa tambo ondibudisa kubva mugomba—ndinenge ndapona!”
Zvaungaita: Pasi apa nyora zita reshamwari yaungataura nayo kana wanyanya kusuruvara.
․․․․․
2. Nyora nezvazvo. Kana kusuruvara kwaita kuti usava netariro muupenyu, ungada kuedza kunyora papepa manzwiro auri kuita. Mumapisarema ake akafuridzirwa, dzimwe nguva Dhavhidhi aitaura nezvekusuruvara kwakanyanya kwaaiita. (Pisarema 6:6) Kunyora nezvemanzwiro akadaro kungakubatsira kuti ‘uchengetedze uchenjeri hunobatsira nemano okufunga.’—Zvirevo 3:21.
Heather anoti: “Kusuruvara kunoita kuti nditadze kuronga pfungwa dzangu asi kunyora kunondibatsira kudzironga. Paunonyora nezvemanzwiro ako wonzwisisa kuti nei uri kunzwa saizvozvo, kusuruvara kwacho kunobva kwati dzikirei.”
Zvaungaita: Shandisa chati iri papeji 93 kuti ikubatsire kuwana nzira dziri nani dzekukurira mamiriro ezvinhu akaoma. Izvi zvichakubatsira kuti uderedze kusuruvara.
3. Nyengetera nezvazvo. Bhaibheri rinoti kana ukanyengetera pamusoro pezvinokunetsa, ‘rugare rwaMwari runopfuura kufunga kwose rucharinda mwoyo wako nesimba rako rokufunga.’—VaFiripi 4:6, 7.
Esther anoti: “Ndaiedza kuziva kuti nei ndainzwa kusuruvara zvikuru, asi ndaitadza. Ndakakumbira Jehovha kuti andibatsire kuti ndifare. Zvaindivhiringidza kuti ndaisuruvara pasina chikonzero. Pakupedzisira zvokusuruvara zvakapera. Usarerutsa simba remunyengetero!”
Zvaungaita: Gara uchishandisa pfungwa dziri pana Pisarema 139:23, 24 paunonyengetera kuna Jehovha. Durura mwoyo wako uye mukumbire kuti akubatsire kuziva zviri kuita kuti usuruvare.
Kuwedzera pamazano ari pamusoro apa, pane zvinokosha zvaunogona kuwana muShoko raMwari, Bhaibheri. Kuzadza pfungwa dzako nemashoko anovaka anowanika munyaya dziri muBhaibheri kunogona kuita kuti unzwe zvakanaka. (Pisarema 1:1-3) Mazano ekuti uverenge Bhaibheri zvinovaka anogona kuwanika mumapeji akanzi “Muenzaniso Wokutevedzera” ari mubhuku 1 ne2. Papeji 227 yeBhuku 2, uchatoona kuti muapostora Pauro akabudirira sei pakukurira manzwiro asina kunaka aaimboita nemhaka yokusakwana.
Kana Ukaramba Uchingonzwa Wakasuruvara
Ryan anoti, “Mamwe mazuva ndinonzwa sokuti zviri nani kuramba ndiri mumagumbezi pane kumuka ndotarisana nezuva risina zvarinobatsira.” Ryan anonetseka nekuora mwoyo kunoda kurapwa uye haasiye oga. Vanoongorora vanoti anenge wechiduku mumwe chete pavana voga voga anonetseka nerumwe rudzi rwokuora mwoyo asati asvika pakuva munhu mukuru.
Ungaziva sei kuti uri kunetseka nekuora mwoyo? Zvimwe zviratidzo zvinosanganisira kukwindimara zvikuru, kungozviita zindoga, kusangonzwa usingachanyanyi kufarira kuita zvinenge zvinhu zvose hazvo, kuchinja zvikuru pamadyiro aunoita uye kurara zvisina kutsarukana uye kunzwa uine mhosva yausina.
Ichokwadi kuti anenge munhu wose anombova nezviratidzo izvi pane dzimwe nguva. Asi kana zviratidzo izvi zvikaramba zviripo kwevhiki dzakati wandei, wadii kumbotaura nevabereki vako nezvekuonekwa nachiremba? Chiremba anogona kukubatsira kuona kana kusuruvara kwako kuchida kurapwa.*
Hapana chinonyadzisa kana uchitambura nokuora mwoyo kunoda kurapwa. Pavakarapwa, vakawanda vaitambura nokuora mwoyo vakatanga kunzwa zviri nani, zvimwe sezvavaiita kare vasina chaimbovanetsa! Kana kusuruvara kwako kuchikonzerwa nokuora mwoyo kana kuti kwete, yeuka mashoko anonyaradza ePisarema 34:18 anoti: “Jehovha ari pedyo nevaya vakaora mwoyo; anoponesa vaya vakadzvinyirirwa.”
Ko kana waremerwa nokusuruvara kwako zvokuti wabva wafunga kuzviuraya?
[Mashoko Omuzasi]
Kana kusuruvara kukaramba kuripo, vamwe vechiduku vanofunga nezvokuzviuraya. Kana wafunga nezvokuzviuraya, kurumidza kutaura nemumwe munhu mukuru waunovimba naye.—Kuti uwane mamwe mashoko, ona Chitsauko 14 chebhuku rino.
RUGWARO RUNOKOSHA
“Jehovha ari pedyo nevaya vakaora mwoyo; anoponesa vaya vakadzvinyirirwa.”—Pisarema 34:18.
ZANO
Tsanangura manzwiro aunoita paunenge wakasuruvara uye zvaunofunga kuti zvii zvingave zvakonzera kuti usuruvare. Papera mwedzi, verenga zvawakanyora. Manzwiro ako panyaya yacho achinja here? Kana zvakadaro, nyora zvakakubatsira.
WAIZVIZIVA HERE KUTI . . . ?
Hapana chakaipa nokuchema kunyange uri mukomana. Pane imwe nguva muupenyu hwake, Mambo Dhavhidhi akati: “Usiku humwe nohumwe; ndinonyorovesa mubhedha wangu nemisodzi yangu, ndinonyorozva mutsago nokuchema.”—Pisarema 6:6, Bhaibheri Rinoera.
ZVANDINORONGA KUITA!
Kuti ndinzwe zviri nani, ndinogona kuita zvinotevera: ․․․․․
Kuva pamwe chete neshamwari dzinotevera kuchandibatsira kuderedza kusuruvara: ․․․․․
Izvi ndizvo zvandinoda kubvunza vabereki vangu nezvenyaya iyi ․․․․․
UNOFUNGEI?
● Kusvimha misodzi kune zvakunobatsira here?
● Kuva nevamwe kunokubatsira sei paunenge wakasuruvara?
[Mashoko okukwezva vaverengi ari papeji 96]
Pandinenge ndakasuruvara, handidi kuzviita zindoga. Ichokwadi kuti ndinomboda kuva ndoga ndichinyatsofungisisa uye dzimwe nguva ndosvimha misodzi. Asi pashure pacho, ndinoda kuva pane vamwe kuti ndisarambe ndichifunga zvanga zvichiita kuti ndisuruvare.’’—Christine
[Chati/Mifananidzo iri papeji 93]
Pepa Rokuongorora
Kuti Uderedze Kusuruvara Kwako Zadza chati ino
Chiitiko Maitiro Asina Kunaka Maitiro Ari Nani
Mudzidzisi anoita kuti → Ndinorega kuva →Kuruma nzeve: Ona Chitsauko 20
ndinzwe sendisingabatsiri nehanya nechidzidzo ichocho chebhuku rino
Shamwari inondipira →Ndinoparadzira makuhwa →Kuruma nzeve: Ona Chitsauko 10
gotsi akaipa nezvemunhu cheBhuku 2
wacho
Vabereki vangu →Ndinoramba ndakagumbukira →Kuruma nzeve: Ona Chitsauko 4
vari kurambana mubereki wangu chebhuku rino
kana kuti vose
․․․․․ → ․․․․․ → ․․․․․
․․․․․ → ․․․․․ → ․․․․․
[Mufananidzo uri papeji 95]
Kana ukabatsirwa uye uchivawo nezvaunoita, unogona kubuda mugomba rakadzika rokusuruvara


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Muradanuro
Muchidzidzo masvomhu, kuradanuka (Exponentiation in English) chiitiko chinonyorwa sezvizvi, bn, chinotora nhamba mbiri, hwaro b ne muradanuri (kana munongedzo) n. Kana n ari nhamba izere uye ari nhamba yakakura kudarika zero, kuradanura kwakafanana nokudzokorora rutsamo. Izvi zvinonyorwa sezvizvi:
zvinoda kunofanana ne kuunga kunova kunodzokorora wedzaniso:
Kurerutsa Mutauro
Zvakakosha kuti pave nekuturikirwa kwemazwi anoshandiswa kuEnglish kuti kutaura kureruke sezvizvi:
- 5th power of 10 tinenge toti pawa rechishanu ra gumi.
- 2 exponent 5 anenge onzi mbiri nomunongedzo shanu.
- b raised to the power n inoturikirwa ichinzi b achisimudzwa nepawa rechi n.
- 10 to the third power inonzi gumi kupawa rechitatu.
Tsika[chinja | edit source]
Mukutaura kwemazuva ose kuradanura zvinoreva kurebesa tambo nenzira yokubhedhenura kana kumononora - (uncoil).


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HARARE—
Munyori wekanzuru yeHarare, VaTendai Mahachi, vazivisa kuti bhanga reku China, re Export and Import Bank, richapa kanzuru yavo mari yechikwereti chemamiriyoni zana nemakumi mana ane mazana mashanu ezviuru zvemadhora mukati memasvondo maviri anotevera.
Mari iyi ichashandiswa mukugadzirisa mishina yemvura pamwe nepombi dzekufambisa mvura.
Vachitaura mamiriro akaita nyaya dzemvura muguta kukomiti yeparamende inoona nezvematunhu, VaMahachi vati mari iyi ichabatsira zvikuru mukuona kuti vagari vemuHarare vawana mvura nguva dzose.
Vati zvirongwa zvekugadzira nzvimbo dzinochenesa mvura pamwe nedzinofambisa mvura, zvichatanga mwedzi unotevera.
Vatiwo pane chikwata chekanzuru chiri kusimuka chakananga ku China kunotenga michina nezvimwe zvinodiwa pazvirongwa izvi.
Zvirongwa izvi zvinotarisirwa kupera mukati memakore matatu anotevera.
VaMahachi vati chikwereti ichi chichabhadharwa nevagari vemuguta. Vatiwo vanofungira kuti vanhu vachange vave kubhadhara mari yemvura kana vave kuwana mvura nguva dzose.
Pari zvino vagari vazhinji vanoti havawoni chikonero chekubhadhara mvura iyo ichigara isipo nguva zhinji.
Vaenderera mberi vachiti senzira yekuwona kuti munhu wese abhadhara mvura yaanoshandisa, kanzuru ichaisa mamita paimba imwe neimwe kana fakitori izvo zvichaita kuti vagari vatenge mvura yavanoda kushandisa vasati vashandisa mvura yacho. Vatiwo muchina uyu uchadzima kana mari inenge yabhadhara munhu yapera.
Pari zvino kanzuru iri kuwana mamiriyoni mana emadhora kubva pamitero yemvura pamwedzi. Vatiwo mari inosvika mamiriyoni maviri nechidimbu chemadhora inoshandiswa mukutenga mishonga yekuchenesa mvura, ukuwo miriyoni imwe chete yemadhora ichishandiswa kubhadhara magetsi.
Asi VaMahachi vayambira kuti kunyange hazvo vakaita zvese kugadzirisa zvigayo zvavo zvemvura nemapaipi, panotodiwa madhamu eKunzvi ne Musami kuti mumhu wese akwanise kuwana mvura yakakwana uye yakachena.
Asi havana kutaura kuti madhamu aya achatangwa kuvakwa rini uye kuti mari yacho iripo here kana kuti kwete.
Munyori mubazi rezvematunhu, VaKillian Mpingo, vatsigirana naVaMahachi vachiti madhamu eKunzvi neMusami ndiwo chete anokwanisa kupedza dambudziko remvura muHarare.
Zvichikadai, paramende yatadza kuzeya mutemo wezvesarudzo sezvange zvakatarisirwa sezvo gurukota rezvemitemo, VaPatrick Chinamasa, vasina kuunza mutemo uyu kudare sezvinodiwa nemitemo yeparamende.
Dare iri ragara kwemaminetsi gumi nemashanu ndokubva raparara.
Gurukota rezvebumbiro remutemo nemabasa eparamende, VaEric Matinenga, vati mutemo uyu hauna kuuya kudare sezvo pane kutaurirana kuri kuitwa zvichitevera chisungo chakabuda neSADC kumusangano wayo wekuMaputo, Mozambique neMugovera.
VaMatinenga vati vanotarisira kuti nyaya iyi ichapinzwa mudare neChitatu.


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Gomo reNyangani
Gomo reNyangani ndiro gomo rine hukwidza hwakanyanya muZimbabwe, rinokwira kusvika 2,592 m (8,504 ft). Gomo iri riri muInyanga National Park mudunhu reNyanga , inova nhambwe inokwana 275 km (171 mi) kuri kuChamhembe kwakadziva kuMabvazuva kweHarare. Chisuvi chegomo iri chinoonekwa padombo rinosumuka 40m kubva panzvimbo yakatenderedza dombo iri. Chimwe chikamu cheGomo reNyangani makomo madiki neduvurwi rinobata ndima inokwana 8km2. Kunoperera duvurwi kune mawere akanyanya zvichienda kuMabvazuva nekuMadokero.
Mvura inona pagore yakawanda (inokwana 2200 mm), asi munguva yechando May kusvika August kunenga kwakawoma. Gomo iri riri mudunhu re"Tropics" uye harina kunyanya kukwira saka sinowo inonaya nenguva iri kure. Sinowo yakapedzisira kuwonekwa muGomo reNyangani muna August 1935.
Nzizi neMapopoma[chinja | edit source]
Pane nzizi nhatu dzinovamba muGomo reNyangani: rwizi Nyamuziwa, rwizi Kairezi (Gairezi), nerwizi Pungwe. Nzizi mbiri dzokutanga dzinonodira muna rwizi Mazowe, iye Mazowe achidira muna rwizi Zambezi.
Rwizi Nyama rwunodira muna rwizi Kairezi runodonha kubva paduvurwi kuri kuMaodzanyemba kwakadziva kuMabvazuva kweGomo reNyangani. Mapopoma eKairezi ari kumabvazuva kweduvurwi.


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Kusvira
Kusvira ishoko rinonyadzisa rinoreva kupinzwa kwenhengo yemurume munhengo yemukadzi. Mamwe mashoko anoshandiswa kureva zvimwechete ndeanoti; kurara, kuisa, kana kuti kukwira. Shoko rekuti kurara, sekuti "kurara nemukadzi" ndiro rinonyanyoshandiswa kana vanhu vachitaura pane ruzhinji, kana vanyarikani. Nhengo dzemurume dzinodaidzwa namazwi akasiyanawo sekuti; mboro (rinonyadzisira),chombo, kana kuti mhuka. Nhengo dzemukadzi dzinodaidzwawo namazwi anoti; beche (rinonyadzisa), mbutu [rinonyadzisira], mukana kana kuti kunzira. Izwi rekuti nhengo dzesikarudzi rinokwanisa kureva nhengo dzemurume kana dzemukadzi.
Muchiitiko ichi, tsinga dzenhengo yemurume dzinozara neropa zvinokonzera kuti nhengo yacho iwomarare, kana kuti kumira. Kana ichinge yamira kudaro murume anopinza nhengo yake mune yemukadzi, achiita seanopinza nekuburitsa. Kupinza nekuburitsa uku kunoita kuti murume nemukadzi vanakirwe nechiitiko ichi. Panozosvika nguva yekuti murume anozwa kunakirwa kwakadzama kunozokonzera kuti nhengo yake iburitse mbeu, kunonzi kutunda. Vakadziwo vanokwanisa kusvika pakunakwirwa kwakadzama uku, asi nekuti chiitiko ichi hachisi chinhu chaingotaurwa taurwa pese pese, vazhinji vaisaziva kuti vakadzi vangasvikewo pachinhanho ichocho nenyaya yekuti kazhinji murume ndiye anotanga kusvika obva oregera mukadzi asati.


text:
Ketamukadzi
.
Ketamukadzi (Gynaecology in English) ibazi rehurapi rine chekuita nehutano hwevakadzi zvikurusei kutarisa hutano hwenhengo dzesikarudzi. Munhu akaridzidzira achiita basa rokutarisa hutano hwengo dzesikarudzi dzechikadzi anonzi Chiketamukadzi, hazvineyi murume kana kuti mukadzi ari kubata basa racho.
Shoko rokuti kuketa ishoko reslang yeChiShona rinoreva zvinosanganisira: kuziva, kuona, kuva nenjere, kuyeuka chawakamboona, kupatsanura, kuronga, zvichingodaro. Shoko rokuti kuketa ndiro riri pedyo kuturikira chivakashure chokuti -logy chinoshandiswa kuEnglish mumazwi anenge gynaecology, geology, biology. Saka Ketamukadzi ibazi reruzivo pamusoro pehutano hwevakadzi.


text:
ndakarevha mota ndichipinda mugaraji. Ndichangoti pindei ndakabva ndaidzima.
Akanga ava manheru ndichibva kubasa. Ndakatora briefcase yangu ndokupinda mumba. Ndakanga ndadya kuNandos sezvo mudzimai wangu akanga ainda nevana kuGweru kunoona mai vake.
Pandakavhura door remukitchen ndakashamisika kuona rakashama. Ndakapinda ndichifunga kuti vadzimai vakanga vadzoka.
“Hesi kana baba amwana.” Ndakakwaziswa.
“Mhoro muzukuru. Heya ndiwe uri muno ndanga ndoti mapinda mbavha.” Ndakapinduri Monalisa uyo akanga andikwazisa.
“Ehe ndini zvangu sekuru.” Akapindiura Monalisa. Aigara nevabereki vake pamba yechishanu kubva pane yangu. Mai vakati ndaivaita hanzvadzi asi handainyatsoziva kuti hukama hwacho hwaitangira papi. Hamenokumadzimbuya edu ikoko kuti taisangana papi. “Ndapihwa makii nambuya vakati ndikubikirei sadza.” Akaenderera mberi Monalisa.
“Inga nhasi ndicharohwa nemi vadzimai. Ndanga ndatenga chikafu ndikadya ndichiti kumba hakuna munhu.” Ndakaita jee rasekuru nemuzukuru naMonalisa.
“Ende murume wangu huite fresh. Ndabika sadza mwoyo wakaperera iwe wokwata kuma restaurant.” Akademba Mona.
“Sorry mai mwana. Ndozvigadzirisei manje?” ndakabvunza.
“Hapana.” Akapindura Monalisa. Zvino akanga amira padyo padyo neni, zvekuti zamu rake rakange razembera nechepamusana pangu. Sekuru vekwangu vakanga votopfakanyika varimo mumabhurugwa.
Ndichiri kufunga kuti ndoita sei Monalisa akabva ati, “Ndipei briefcase renyu ndirongedze.”
“Isa zvako mulounge.” Ndakadaro ndichimutambidza.
Akatora briefcase rangu ndokufamba achipinda mulounge. Mwana akanga akaumbwa iyeye. Akanga aine matako akaurungana nekukwenenzverwa kunge zvipfuko zviviri zviri padivi nepadivi. Paaifamba matako ake aigamhidzana kusimuka nekudzika. Paitsika gumbo rake pasi dako raisara richizungunuka sejelly. Kachiuona kakanga kari katete sekezingizi. Akanga ari mushava uye ganda rake raigara richavaimira serazorwa mafuta. Mazamu ake akanga asina kunyanya kukura uye akaurungana sematamba emazhumwi. Akanga ava nemakore makumi maviri nerinoraudzira.
Matako emwana iyeye ainakidza kuona achifamba. Ndakamutevera kulounge kwaaienda. Akagadzika briefcase pasi ndokudzoka pandiri.
“Chimirai ndikubisei bhachi.” Akadaro.
“Inga nhasi wafunga kundichengeta.” Ndakadaro.
“Nhasi ndiri kushanda basa rese sekuru. Mirai zvenyu muone,” akadaro achikatanura bhachi. Mazamu ake ainzvenzvera chipfuva changu. Akaturika bhachi pasofa ndokudzoka pandiri.
“Nhasi ndonokumbira kuti mundibvumidze kushanda basa rese ravadzimai venyu.”
“Iwe Mona ucharohwa nemukadzi wangu nezvauri kutaura izvi.”
“Mbuya vanenge vaudzwa nani isu tiri vaviri chete muno? Asi mune makuhwa nhai sekuru?” akabvunza. “Chigarai pasi ndikubisei bhutsu nemasokisi.”
Ndakagara pasofa. Monalisa akapfugama pamberi pangu ndokusvotora bhutsu dzangu nemasokisi. Akanyatsogadzika pakanaka ndokudzoka opfugama pamberi pangu.
“Ndava kukumbirawo kubvisa zvimwe zvacho.” Akataura mona.
“Zvimwe zvipi futi?” ndakakanuka.
“Shirt netrauzi,” akapindura akarova serious isina kana majokes mukati.
“Ah! Iwe!” ndakakanuka. Mwoyo wangu waida chaizvo zvairehwa naMona asi kamawe kapfungwa ndiko kaiti, “Wava kuda kushinhwa murume mukuru.”
Ndichiri kufunga kuti ndoita sei, Monalisa akabva akatanura bhandi rangu. Akabvisa bhatani retrauzi ndokuvhura zipi.
Akanditarisa kumeso ndokuti, “Kana musati manzwisisa regai ndinyatsodudza. Sekuru nhasi ndiri kuda kusvirwa nemi.” Ndakaomerwa nemate mukanwa.
Mboro yangu yakanga yamira zvekuti yakabva yakurira pfungwa dzese. Ndakangoerekana ndamubata muchiuno. Iye akapinza ruoko mubhurugwa ndokubata mboro yangu.
“Ii! Ii! Ii! Inga mboro yenyu iripo.” Akadaro achiratidza kukanika.
“Ndiwe waidenha. Saka usachemecheme.” ndakamupindura
“Handina kumbochemachema,” akapindura. “Ndiyo yandiri kutoda iyoyi. Kubva zvakainda mukomana wangu kuLondon six months ago handisati ndambosvirwa. Saka ndiri kuda mboro semboro nhasi.”
“Zvino iyi inokukwesha beche rikasvuuka nhasi.”
“Rangu harimbosvuuki sekuru, nekuti ratotota kudhara. Batai muzvinzwire mega”
Ndakasimudza skirt yake ndokupinza chigunwe nepadivi pebhurugwa rake. Zveshuwa beche remwana rakanga ranyorova. Monalisa akanga aine matinji marefu airembere iye akabatanidza makumbo zvaakanga akaita. Matinji ake akange anyorova kunge adirwa baby oil.
“Nyatsondibatai beche sekuru.” Monalisa akadaro achivhura makumbo ake zvishoma.
Ndakapinza chigunwe chepiri mupanty rake ndokutanga kupurizira matinji ake. “Ndobata pagongo here?” ndakabvunza.
“Gongo ndizvo. Pinzai chigunwe pariri.”
Ndakapindza chigunwe pakati pematinji ake ndokubata gongo. Mona akatanga kutambisa chiuno zvinyoronyoro. Kanga aburitsa mboro yangu munduwe achiibonyora zvinyoronyoro. Takamboramba tichibatana seizvi kwekanguva.
Chiriporipotyo Mona akakotamisa musoro. Akaburitsa rurimi ndokunanzwa nzvonyo yangu zvinyoronyoro. Akambonanzwa zvonyo kwekanguva. Akazoti mboro yangu yese mukanwa wee ndokutanga kuisveta zvinesimba. Ndakanzwa kunakirwa kwekuti ndakada kutunda asi ndakazvimanikidza kuti ndisatunde. Mona akatora chinguva achiyamwa mboro yangu seizvi.
“Chiregera Mona,” ndakadaro. “Ndinozokutundira mukanwa.”
“Kutundirwa mukanwa hakuna basa. Asi kuti mukatunda musati mandisvira tinoburana.” Akapindura Mona achiregedza mboro yangu.
Ndakamusimudza ndokumugadzika pasofa. “Chipondipawo nguva yekunanzva beche rako,” ndakamuudza.
Mona akavhura makumbo kusiya beche riri pachena. Ndakapfugama pakati pemakumbo ake. Ndakaisa rurimi rwangu nechekusoro kwebeche rake. Ndakarufambisa zvinyoronyoro kusvika ndasvika pamatinji ake. Ndakasveta rimwe dinji ndichitambisa rurimi rwangu pariri. Ndakarisiya ndokusveta rimwe racho. Mushure mechinguva ndakapinza rurimi pakati pematinji. Ndakamborwutambisatambisa pamusiwo webeche. Ndakazorwufambisa nepakati pematinji kusvikira rwasvika pagongo raMona. Pandakananzva gongo Mona akatanga kuchemerera zvinyoronyoro.
“Yuwiii! Iiiii! Ndava kuda kutunda sekuru.” Akadaro Mona achifemereka.
“Tunda zvako muzukuru.” Ndakapindura.
Ndisati ndambopedza muromo iwoyo Mona akatanga kuzuzuma muviri wake. Chiona chake chakatanga kutambatamba chichisimuka nekudzika. Akabata musoro wangu ndokutsambidzira muromo wangu pabeche rake. Nekutambatamba kwaita chiuno chake beche raMona raipukuta kumeso kwangu kwese kubva kuchirebvu kusvika kuhuma. Iye akanga achingochemerera.
Mushure menguva yaikwana miniti rese akazoti rapata akadaro. Pandakasimudza musoro kubva pabeche rake ndakabva ndaona mumvuri wemunhu. Ndakavhunduka ndokuti cheu.
Miriam munin’ina wamona akanga akamira padivi pedu akatarisa zvakanga zvabva mukuitika.
“Miriam wabva kupi?” ndakakanuka hana ichirova.
“Ndabva kumba sekuru. Ko muri kuvhundukei.?”
“Hesi Miriam.” Mona akakwazisa munin’ina wake.
Ini pfungwa dzakanga dzingori pakuti nhasi zvangu ndabatwa. Ndakabvunza ndichiti, “Wapinda keupi?”
“Ndapinda nekukitchen. Door ranga risina kukiiwa,” akapindura ari izi zvake Miriam.
“Musavhunduke sekuru. Haana basa nazvo Miriam uyu,” akataura Mona.
“Muchatondiitawo zvamaita Mona sekuru”. Miriam akanga aine 19 years uye aine muviri wakanaka kudarika waMona.
“Sekuru ndisvirei musati matanga neMiriam uyu,” Mona akadimburira Miriam panzira. “Beche rangu riri kuda kunyatsonzwa mboro yenyu yakati zete mariri.”
Mona akamuka ndokugara pasova akashadabura makumbo. Akandibata chiuno ndokundidhonzera pakati pemakumbo ake. Miriam akabisa bhurugwa ndokupfugama padivi pedu. Akabata mboro yangu ndokutanga kuibonyora zvinyoronyoro.
“Mona shaaz ndiri kuda kuona uronyo hwakule huchitsatika. Mira ndivatundise neruoko.” Miriam akaudza mukoma wake.
“Wozohuona pasecond round Miri. Iye zvinhu ini ndiri kuda zvemboro mubeche.” Mona akapindura.
“Iwe inongoziva kuti pasecond round mboro inenge isisina power yekunyatsokanda uronyo zvinonakidza.” Miriam akapindura. “Anyway svirwa zvako, asi sekuru tinovada on another day. Musi iwoyo ndini ndinotanga kubonyora mboro yavo kusvika vatunda.”
Miriam akanangisa mboro yangu pabeche remukoma wake. Ndakaswedera kusvikira nzvonyo yapinda mumatinji amona. Miriam akaramba achibonyora mboro yangu iyo yakapinda mubeche remukoma wake. Kubonyora kwaiita kuti nzvonyo itambe tambe mubeche raMona. Izvi zvakanakura Mona zvekuti nechinguva chisipi akatanga kuchemerera zvakare. Akandibata matako ndokundidhonza kuti mboro inyatsopinda. Ini ndakabatawo matako ake ndokumisimudizira. Miriam akaregera mboro nekuti ruoko rwake rwakanga rwisisakwana pakati pedu. Ndakatanga kukoira zvinyoronyoro. Miriam akauya kuseri kwangu ndokundizembera akabata zvidya zvemukoma wake. Unyoro hwebeche raMona hwakanga hwawanda zvekuti hwaiyerera huchidonhera pasofa nepasi. Iro beche rake rainyiminya serakazorwa mafuta.
Nechinguva chisipi Mona akatanga kuzuzuma muviri zvakare. Chiuno chake chakatanga kutambatamba nekunakirwa. Beche remwana rakanga rava kunaka seradirwa huchi. Parakashinya mboro yangu kekutanga ndakabva ndanzwa uronyo hwangu huchiuya. Chiuno changu chakatanga kukoira zvinesimba. Pandakati koi kekutanga ndakanzwa mboro yangu ichisvika pachibereko chaMona. Ndakakoira kairi, ketatu ndikanzwa kuronyo hwangu kuti tsati.
“Oh! Please! f**k me sekuru! Nyatsonditundirai!” Mona akachemerera. Akandibata ndokundikakata kusvika mboro yati yese nyu mubeche rake. Akandishaisa mukana wekukoira ndichiburitsa nekuopinza mboro. Asi mboro yangu yakaramba achitunda zvakadaro. Yakanga zvino yoti gwi gwi gwi kugwinha iri mubeche ichitunda. Pese paiti mboro gwi Mona aiti “Oh!” kuratidza kuti akanga achinyatsonzwa kugwinha kwayo uye kwakanga kuchimunakira. Mboro yakagwinha kana kanenge kashanu irimo mubeche raMona.
Mushure mechinguva Mona akandiregedza ndokuti zenda nesofa seaida kefenda. Akati nezvi rakaneta, “Sekuru munogona kusvira. No wonder why mbuya vasina kana boyfriend one zvayo.”
Pandada kuti ndinyatura mafemo ruoko rwakabva rwanzi dzvi. Miriam akarutora ndokurwiusa pakati pemakumbo ake. “Sekuru fanopukutai beche rangu muchizorora” akadaro. “Next round mboro yenyu inenge iri mubeche mangu. Ndanakidzwa nekusvira kwamaita Mona zvekuti ndakuvara nezemo sekuru.”
“Imi vana mune shavi chete imi.” Ndakataura.
“Sekuru isu mboro tinoida sezvinongoita mhamha vedu. Kudhara ndaishaya kuti sei mhamha vachingodanana varume kana daddy vasipo asi iye zvino takura, tava kuziva kuti mboro inonaka.” Akapindura Mona.
“Mboro inonaka shamwari.” Akapindura Miriam. “Zvino ini ndinonyatsoida ndakafongora. Hameno kuti sekuru munoifarira here manje staira iyoyo?”
Mboro yangu yakanga tatomira kare. Saka Miriam handine kumupindura. Ndakangosimuka ndokumubatisa pasofa akakotama pamusoro pemukoma wake. Ndakabata mboro ndokunyatsoinangisa pabeche rake. Ndakatanga kuipinza zvishoma nezvishoma. Beche remwana rakanga rakatota seremukoma wake. Nyangwe zvaro raishinya mboro haina kumbonetsa kupinda. Ndakapinsa mboro kusvika pakatinepakati payo. Beche raMiriam rakanga rakashinya zvekuti ndakanyotsonzwa kuti ganda rebeche rakanga rakanyatsoti tsepete nemboro. Nekunyorova kwakanga kwaita beche ganda rebeche rainyatsotsvedzerera. Beche raMiriam rakandinakira kunge ndakanyika mboro mugaba reuchi.
Iyewo akanga ongoti “Sekuru kani! Sekuru kani! Mbo..mbo…mbo…mboro, mboro yenyu iri kunakisa kani.”
Ndakanakirwa zvekuti ndakatadza kukoira ndichingoteerera kunaka kwebeche. Asi Miriam akatunda zhakadaro. Haana kuzuzuma muviri zvaiita mukoma wake. Ndakangonzwa beche rava kushinya nekuregedza mboro.
Iye akanga angoti, “Uuummmm! Aaaaaahhhh! Aaaahhh! Iiiii!” zvine mhere yekuti dai kwaive kurukisheni takanzwikwa nema next door. Akadzi hwake hwakasinira sechisipiti chezhizha. Ndakanzwa hwoerera nemboro yangu huchidzika kumachende uku. Miriam akatora miniti yese achitunda.
Apedza handina kuburitsa mboro asi ndakatanga kukoira zvinyonyoro. Mushure maminitsi anenge maviri ndakanzwa mwana atunda futi. Ndakaramba ndichikoira zvinyoronyoro beche rake rachishinya mboro yangu kuti nga roti regedzei roti nga zvakare.
“Se….se…se…seku…..se….sekuru kaaaniiiiii!” akachemerera Miriam. Akaridza zimhere, ndokudaidzira kuti “Mborooo!!!!” nezwi riri pamusoro. Akapedza kutunda kepiri. Akada kuti asimuke asi ndakamubata chiuno ndokudhonza kusvikira matako ake ati tsepete nedumbu rangu, mboro yati yese nyu. Ndakatanga kukoira ndichiti kurumidzei. Pakarepo ndakanzwa beche ratanga futi kushinya mboro. Ndakanga ndanakirwa zvino zvekuti kana iko kusatunda kwacho kwaitoda kuti munhu avake Kariba Dam kuvharidzira uronyo hwangu. Mboro yangu yakahuregedzera mubeche raMiriam ichigwinha zvinesimba.
Ndakabva ndamira kukoira ndichiitira kuti mwana anyatsoteerera kugwinha kwemboro. Miriam akamira nezvigunwe, akatsika netsoka dzese, ndokumire nezvigunwe ndokutsika futi. Akasimudza gumbo reruboswe ndokunyatsoderedza musana akati fenenga matako kuti beche rinyatsodzoka shure. Akadzvova sebhuru remombe asi haana kuridza mhere. Iyo mboro yakaita ratanhatu ichingoti gwi gwi gwi ichidira uronyo mukatikati mebeche rake. Yapedza kutunda ndakaisiya achivata irimo.
Ndakambotora miniti yese mboro yakavata iri mubeche ndokuzoisvotora. Pandamuregedza Miriam akabva apfugama ndokuvata pamusoro pemukoma wake. Mona nguva yese iyi akanga akagara pasofa pasi pedu akayeva zvataiita nemunin’ina wake tichisvirana. Ndakatarisa beche raMona. Rakanga ratota zvekuratidza kuti zemo rakanga ramukiya futi. Ndakapindura Miriam ndokumugadzika padivi pomukoma wake. Ndakapfugama ndobva ndati rurimi rwese ndo kurwupinza mubeche raMona. Ndakatanga kurwutambisa ndichinanzva pamusiwo webeche chaiwo. Nechinguva chisipi ndakanzwa mwana atanga kuzuzuma muviri.
Achingopedza kuzuzuma ndakatora cushion resofa ndokuriisa pacarpet. Ndakaradzika Monalosa nedumbu pacushion.
“Yes! Sekuru ndifongoreseiwo sezvamaita Miriam”. Mboro yangu yakanga yatomira kare. Ndakazvambara pamusoro pake ndiri kumusana ndokupinza mboro repakati pemakumbo ake kusvika yagumha beche. Ndakamusimudzira matako zvishoma kusvika mboro yanyatsopinda pamusiwo webeche. Ndakanyengetedza mboro kusvika 75% yapinda mubeche. Ndakatanga kukoira zvinyoro nyoro ndakazvambarara pamusoro paMonalisa. Nenguva isipi ndakanzwa mwana ava kuzuzuma muviri beche richishinya mboro.
Apedza kuzuzuma akatanga kuita kakundikuza achingoti, “Svirai sekuru. Musamire. Svirai sekuru. Beche rangu ranakirwa kani sekuru. Nyatsosvirai mboro yenyu iri kunaka kani sekuru. Nditundirei futi kani sekuru. Ndoda kuenda kumba uronyo hwenyu huchierera huchibuda nekuwandisa mubeche mangu kani sekuru. Tundai sekuru. Ndoda kunzwa mboro yenyu ichigwinha mubeche mangu.”
Mwana ndakamusvira iyeye. Dai beche rake rakanga risina kutotesa pamwe ringadai rakasvuuka zvekubuda ropa. Asi beche rakanga rakatota zvekuti mwana aingonzwa kunakirwa chete. Nenguva isipi ndakanzwa machine gun yangu yatanga kukoka uronyo kubva kumagazine yayo. Payakangoti kekutanga tsati ndakabva ndati mboro yese nyu mubeche raMona ndokusiya ichigwinha irimo. Iyewo Mona haana kuzuzuma muviri asi akatunda. Beche rake rakashinya mboro yangu kuti nga iye ndokungoti “Se…….ku…….ru!!!”.
Akasimudzira matako ake kuti beche rake rinyatsosangana nemboro yangu. Pandakangopedza kutunda Miriam akabva abata mboro yangu. Akandipindura ndokundiradzika nemusana. Akatora mboro yakavata kudaro ndokuiti yese ndoo mukanwa. Uyuwo Monalisa akatanga kupukuta beche reMiriam nechigunwe. Akarara nedivi ndokusimudza gumbo ndokuti “Sekuru chipukutaiwo rangu beche”. Takatora ten minutes takadaro, Miriam achiyamwa mboro yangu, Monalisa achipukuta beche rake ini ndichipukuta beche raMona.
Mushure menguva iyoyo mboro yangu yakanga yamira zvakare. Paakaona kuti mboro yangu yanyatsomira Miriam akanditanangira ndokupinza mboro yese mubeche rake ari pamusoro pangu. Uyuwo Mona akanditanangira musoro ndokutanga kupukutira beche rake kumeso kwangu. Aisatsvaga zvekunanzwa aiwa, asi kuti aingozora muto webeche kumeso kwangu. Ndakumubata matako ndotanga kunhanzva beche rake. Ukuwo Miriam akanga achikoira zvinyoronyoro beche rake rakanyatsoti tsepete nemboro yangu. Vana vakatanga kushinyira nekunakirwa kwezvavaiita.
Miriam ndiye akatanga kutunda. Ndakanzwa beche rake kushinya mboro yangu. Haana kuchemerera, asi kuti aingogomera beche rake paraishinyashinya mboro yangu. Acingopedza kutunda Monalisa akabva atangawo. Haana kuchemerera asi kuti akangozuzuma muviri ari pamusoro pangu. Ini ndakabva ndanyatsoisa rurimi pagongo rake ndokurinanzva nesimba. Monalisa achingopedza kutunda ndakamuregedza ndokubata matako aMiriam. Ndakatanga kukoira ndichisimudza chiona. Nechinguva chisipi mboro yangu yakatanga kugwinha irimo mubeche raMiriam. Payangoti gwi kekutanga beche rake rakabva rashinya. Takatundirarana naMiriam.
Tapedza tese takabva tarara pacarpet zvichiti ini pakati Miriam kuruboswe Monalisa kurudyi. Mona akanga achindipuruzira machende Miriam achibonyora mboro yakanga yavata zvayo.


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Africa
Africa ndiro ziwumbe riri panzvimbo yechipiri pakukura kwenharaunda uye Africa ndiyo yechipiri pakuwanda kwehugari hwavanhu ichitevera Asia. Nharaunda yeAfrica yakakura kusvika 30.2 million km², izvi zvichisanganisira zvitsuwa zviri pedyo nayo. Chikamu chinosvika 6% yenharaunda yeEarth chinotorwa ne ziwumbe reAfrica uye chikamu chinosvika 20.4% chevhu chiri muAfrica.
Africa yakapoteredzwa ne: gungwa reMediteranean kuMaodzanyemba; gungwa reIndian Ocean kuMabvazuva nekuChamhembe; negungwa reAtlantic kuMadokero nekuChamhembe. Madagascar ndiyo chitsuwa chikuru chinoverengwa kuva mudunhu reAfrica. Zvimwe zvitsuwa zvinosanganisira: Seychelles; Mauritius; Cape Verde; Equitorial Guinea; Robben Island; Zanzibar nezvimwewo zvidiki.
Africa ine vanhu vanosvika 1.0 billion vazhinji vacho vanhu vatema.
Vanhu vekuEurope vakapamba Africa mumwaka wechizana 19 (19th century); pakazopera mwaka wechizana 20 Africa yose yanga yawana rusununguko. Ghana ndiyo yakatanga kuwana rusununguko mugore ra1957 , Namibia ndiyo yakapedzisira mugore ra1990.
Contents
Taranyika[chinja | edit source]
Africa inopatsanurana neEurope pagungwa reMediterranean ichinobatana neAsia paSuez panova panocheka napo muronga Suez Canal. Dunhu reSinai riri mhiri kwemuronga Suez Canal munyika yeEgypt rinoverengwa kunzi riri muAfrica.
Nzvimbo iri kwakanyanya kuenda kuMaodzanyemba inonzi Ras ben Sakka, Tunisia (37°21' N) ; iri kwakanyanya kuenda kuChamhembe inonzi Cape Agulhas muSouth Africa (34°51'15" S). Pakati penzvimbo idzi pane nhambwe inokwana 8000km. Kwakanyanya kuenda kuMabvazuva kune Ras Hafun iri muSomalia (51°27'52" E); kwakanyanya kuenda kuMadokero kune Cape Verde (17°33'22" W). Kubva paRas Hafun kusvika kuCape Verde pane nhambwe inosvika 7,400km. Muganhu wemahombekombe eAfrica negungwa wakareba 26,000km.
Nyika hombesa muAfrica inonzi Algeria, nyika dukusa inonzi Seychelles inova chaunga chezvitsuwa zviri kuMabvazuva kweAfrica. Nyika dukusa paziwumbe rakabatana inonzi Gambia.
Vanhu vemuAfrica[chinja | edit source]
Huwandu hwevagari veAfrica hwakakwira zvakanyanya pamakore makumi mana (40) apfuura, nokudaro Africa ine vanhu vazhinji vechidiki. Mune dzimwe nyika dzeAfrica chikamu chinodarika 50% yevanhu vari pasi pamakore 25 ekuberekwa. Huwandu hwevanhu muAfrica hwakakwira kubva pa 221 million muna 1950 kusvika pa 1.0 billion muna 2009.
Marudzi evanhu vanotaura mitauro yechiBantu ndivo vakawanda mudunhu rinobva pakati peAfrica zvichienda kuchamhembe nekuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva. Mudunhu iri muno wanikwawo marudzi vatematema vechiNile vanowanikwa kuSouthern Sudan nekuMabvazuva kweAfrica, pamwe nemaSwahili uye maKhoikhoi vanowanikwa kuchamhembe kweAfrica. Marudzi emaKhoikhoi ndiwo anonzi akatanaga kusvika kuchamhembe kweAfrica kuchizotevera vatauri vendimi dzechiBantu. MaKhoikhoi ndivo vane rudzi runonzi San kana kuti rwainzi Bushmen kare.
KuMaodzanyemba kweAfrica kune mapoka maviri: Berber neArab kumadokero; vaEgypt nevaLibya kumavirira. Verudzi rwechiArab vakasvika mudunhu iri mwaka wechizana 7, vakaunza mutauro weArabic nechinamato cheIslam kunzvimno idzi. Vanhu veMarudzi aShem vakauyawo mudunhu iri vachisanganisira: vaPhoenician nevaHysko - maGreek nemaRoman vakagarawo munzvimbo iyi. Verudzi Berber ndivo ruzhinji munyika yeMorroco uye muAlgeria mune maBerber vane chitsama chakati kuti. Rudzi urwu ndirwo rune vanhu vanogara mugwenga reSahara kunyanya.
Munyika dzeEritrea neEthiopia mune vaAmhara neTigryans vanotaura mitauro yemarudzi aShem iri pamupanda wendimi dzeAfro-Asiatic. Mudunhu rimwechetero mune vaOromo nevaSomali vanotaura mitauro yemarudzi aCush iri pamupanda wendimi dzeAfro-Asiatic.
Mumwaka wakanga Africa ichiri pasi peVarungu kwakanga kuine varungu munyika zhinji asi iye zvino vasara vane chitsama munyika shoma. Mumakore akawana nyika dzeAfrica kuzvitonga varungu vakatama kubva munyika dzinoti: Algeria, Kenya, Congo, Rhodesia, Mozambique neAngola. Zvinofungirwa kuti maPortuguese vanokwana 1.0 millin vakabuda muAfrica mumwaka 1960-1979. Parizvino varungu vanowanikwa vashoma munyika dzinoti: South Africa, Zimbabwe, Namibia neRéunion. Nyika ine varungu vakawanda ndiyo South Africa uye nyika iyi ndiyo ine verudzi rwechiJudah zvakanyanya muAfrica - zvinonzi South Africa ine 71,000 verudzi rwemaJudah. Marudzi ane madzitateguru vekuEurope anosanganisira, Afrikaner, Anglo-Africans (vakabva Britain) uye Coloureds.
Kuuya kweVarungu vakauya nechitsama chevanhu vakabva kuAsia zvikurusei marudzi eIndia. Misha inogara marudzi echiIndia inowanikwa muSouth Africa uye muKenya neTanzania. Zvitsuwa zviri mugungwa Indian Ocean zvakagarwa vevanhu vakabva kuAsia - imwe nguva vairoorana neVanhu vemuAfrica pamwe neveEurope. Vanhu vari muMadagascar ndeverudzi rweAustronesian asi vanosangana nemarudzi anoti Bantu, Arab, Indian and European. Mumwaka wachizana 20 kumahombekombe eAfrica kumabvazuva nekumadokero kwakasvikavo vane chitsama vemarudzi eku Lebanon neChina.
Mitauro[chinja | edit source]
Pakuverengwa kwemitauro yemuAfrica , kunonzi ziwumbe iri rine mitauro inosvika zviuru zviviri, (2000). Mitauro iyi mizhinji ndeye muAfrica asi kune imwewo yakauya kubva kuEurope neAsia. Kunonzi Africa ndiyo nzvimbo ine vanhu vanotaura mitauro mizhinji pane dzimwe dzose.
Nzizi dzeAfrica[chinja | edit source]
Rwizi Nile[chinja | edit source]
Rwizi Nile ndirwo rwakanyanya kureba Pasirose ruchiyerera nhambwe inoita 6,650km. Nile inopinda munyika dzinoti: Burundi; Rwanda; Democratic Republic of Congo; Tanzania; Kenya; Uganda; Ethiopia neEgypt.
Rwizi Zambezi[chinja | edit source]
KuChamhembe kweAfrica, Rwizi Zambezi ndirwo rwizi rukuru rwakareba 3,540km. parwizi urwu ndipo panowanikwa mapopoma anonzi Victoria Falls ari pamuganhu panosangana Zimbabwe, Zambia, Namibia neBotswana. Mamwe mapopoma ari parwizi Zamabezi anosanganisira: Chavuma Falls iri pamuganhu weAngola neZambia; Ngonye Falls neSioma Falls kuMadokero kweZambia.
Njodzi muAfrica[chinja | edit source]
- Mugore ra2011 mumwedzi waMarch nyika yeJapan yakaita kudengenyeka kwenyika kwakasumudza mvura kubva mugungwa ikaita mafashama padunhu. Chiitiko ichi chakaparadza zvivakwa zvizhinji nehupenyu hwevanhu.
- KuChamhembe kweAfrica kundengenyeka kwenyika kushoma; mugore ra2001 South Africa, Botswana neZimbabwe dzakanzwawo kundengenyeka kwenyika asi hapana zvivakwa zvakaparadzwa. Padambudziko iri musiki wakati ropafadza mudunhu reAfrica.
- MuAfrica mune zvikwatamabwe zvinozikanwa zvinoti: Kilimanjaro; Nyiragongo; Nyamuragira nezvimwewo kuNigeria neSouth Africa. Zvimwechetezvo nekudengenyeka kwenyika, chiitiko chinonzi chikwatamabwe kashoma kuitika muziwumbe reAfrica.


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Huronyo
Huronyo imvura dzinobudisa nevarume kana vapedza kusvira kana kuti kuchaya bonyora. Mvura iyi ine ruvara ruchena, uyezve yakada kufanana nemadzihwa.
Kukora kana kutetepa kweuronyo kunoenderana nekuti murume uyu anga ava nenguva yakareba zvakadini asati arara nemukadzi. Varume vanobuda mumifananidzo yePono vanobudisa uronyo hwakawanda ungatoti munhu ari kuweta. Vanomwa mapiritsi anoita kuti uronyo hubude hwakawanda. Vakadzi venyika dzekumadokera vanowanzomwa uronyo hwemurume uye vanoti ivo hunoita sekuti hune munyu.


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HARARE—
Vakuru vakuru mu Anglican Church muHarare vanoti vatanga kupinda muzvivakwa zvechechi yavo zvichitevera kubuda muzvivakwa izvi kuri kuitwa nevatenderi vari kutsigira VaNolbert Kunonga.
Vachitaura navatori venhau pamuzinda wavari kushandisa mazuva ano, mukuru weAnglican muHarare, Bishop Chad Gandiya, vati kubuda kuri kuita vanhu ava kunoratidza kuti zvinhu zvava kudzokera pazvakange zviri.
Bishop Gandiya vatiwo vachaita gungano rekupemberera kudzokera kwavo kunoshandisa zvivakwa zvavo pamwe nekuchenura dzimba dzekunamatira idzo dzange dzave kushandiswa nechikwata chaVaKunonga.
VaGandiya vati vakuru muchechi yavo vatotanga kuongorora kuti midziyo yavo ichiripo yese here uye kana paine inenge yakabiwa kana kutengeswa, vachamhan’ara nyaya iyi kumapurisa.
Vatiwo vanoziva kuti vanhu vange vari kushandisa zvivakwa zvavo vakasiya zvikwereti, nokudari vanofanira kubhadhara zvikwereti izvi.
VaGandiya vatiwo vanhu vange vachirendeswa zvivakwa zveAnglican naVaKunonga, vachadzingwa muzvivakwa izvi sezvo vange vari kuita izvi zviri kunze kwemutemo.
Bishop Gandiya vashorawo kushungurudzwa nekubatwa chibharo kwevana pamuzinda weAnglican unochengeta nherera, weShearly Cripps uri mudunhu reGoromonzi, vachiti vakatokwidza nyaya iyi kumapurisa.
Vanotungamira Anglican mumusha weGlen View muHarare, VaShepard Itaimunzira, vatiwo zvinhu hazvina kumira zvakanaka pachechi yavo uye pane tsvina isingaiite.
Bishop Gandiya vati VaKunonga nevamwe vavo vakasununguka kudzoka kuAnglican Church. Asi VaKunonga vakaudza nhepfenyuro yeZBC kuti havasi kuzodzokera kuAnglican Church uye vachaenderera mberi nesvondo yavo ye Independent Anglican Church of the Province of Harare.
VaKunonga vakanzi nedare repamusoro soro neMuvhuro vabude muzvivakwa zvese zve Anglican izvo vakanga vapamba kubva muna 2007.


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Bununu
Bununu zvinoreva munhu asina kupfeka mbatya. Mutsika dzenyika dzemuAfrica kusasimira chinhu chinozvidzwa uye chisingatenderwe pamitemo yenyika. Tsika zhinji dzemuAfrica dzinoti munhu akafamba asina kusimira ava kupenga kana kuti ane mamhepo. Chinhu chinoonekwa chichiratidza munyama kana kuti kutukwa pamunhu iyeye.
Kune dzimwe nyika dzekuMadokero, kuEurope, neNorth America mitemo yenyika inotendedza kuti kuve nenzvimbo dzinosangana vanhu vasian kusimira. Hazvizivikanwe kuti chinangwa chaicho chokunge vanhu vachisangana vasina kusimira ndechei.


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True Jesus Church
Kereke ye "True Jesus Church" ikereke yakazvimirira yakavambwa kuBeijing kuChina muna 1917. Nhasi kereke iyi ine vatendi vanosvika miriyoni imwe nechidimbu munyika dzinoita makumi mana neimwe nema muzviumbe zvitanhatu.
Kereke iyi ndeye rwudzi rwepentecost rwakabva muchi kristu pakutanga kwe twentieth century. Kereke re True Jesus Church rinotenda muchidzidzo che Oneness Pentecostal theology (chidzidzo Chezita ra Jesu).
Kubvira muna 1997 kereke iyi yakatanga kuveko ku nyika ye South Africa. Kereke iri rinoti rakapomherwa basa rekuparidza shoko kunyika dzose dzepasi Jesu asati adzoka kechiviri.
Zvidzidzo gumi zvekereke iri zvinoti:
- Mweya Mutsvene
- Kubhabhatidzwa
- Kugezwa Kwemakumbo
- Misa
- Sabata
- Jesu Kristu
- Bhaibheri
- Ruponeso
- Kereke
- Kutongwa Kwemagumo


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WASHINGTON—
Kusawirirana pamusoro pebumbiro idzva remitemo yenyika riri kunyorwa kunonzi kuchiripo pakati pemapato ari muhurumende, kunyange hazvo pakaumbwa kakomiti kaduku kevamiriri vemapato aya kari kutarisa nezvenyaya iyi.
Izvi zvabuda pamusangano waitwa muHarare neChipiri, kunyange hazvo mutauriri wekomiti iyi, uye vari gurukota rezvebumbiro remitemo nemabasa eparamende, VaEric Matinenga, vachiti musangano wavo wafamba nenzira kwayo.
Musangano wepiri waitwa nekakomiti aka muHarare, unonzi watadza kubuda nezvisungo panyaya dzinonzi dziri kutadza kuwiriranwa pakati peZanu PF, nemapato maviri eMDC, zvikuru panyaya yekuti voenda mberi sei nezvakabuda kumusangano weSecond All Stakeholders Conference.
Zvinonzi zviri kutadza kuwiriranwa inyaya yekuendeswa kwemasimba kumatunhu, devolution, pamwe nenyaya yekuti zvizvarwa zveZimbabwe zvikwanise kuve zvizvarwa zvekune dzimwe nyika asi zvisingarasikirirwi nekodzero dzazvo.
Bato reZanu PF rinonzi riri kuda kuti nyaya idzi dzikurukurwe patsva, asi mapato eMDC ari maviri anonzi ari kuti kwete.
Kunyange hazvo paine kusawirirana uku, komiti iyi yasunga kuti isangane zvakare nemusi weChina paine tarisiro yekuti vamiriri ava vanenge vataurawo nevakuru vavo pazvinetswa izvi.
Hurukuro naVaEric Matinenga


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Donzvo
Shoko rokuti donzvo (objective) rinoreva chikonzero chikuru chiri kuitirwa basa riri kuitwa. Donzvo rebasa rekuverengwa kwevanhu kuti hurumende ikwanise kuronga mabasa ayo ichiziva huwandu hwevanhu huri kushumirwa nemabasa aya.
Pasi pedonzvo pane zvinangwa zvakawanda. Zvinangwa pakuverengwa kwevanhu zvinosanganisira:
- Kuronga mabasa ehutano.
- Kuziva kuti huwandu hwevanhu huri kukura sei.
- Kuziva kuti vanhukadzi nevanhurume vangani.
- Kuziva kuti vanhu vanogara munzvimbo dzipi, vakadzidza zvakadini uye vanotambira mari yakawanda sei pagore.


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Rwodzi
Rwodzi (Bast fibre) zvinoreva tambo inosvuurwa kubva pagwati rinokwaturwa kubva pamuti inoti munhondo, mupfuti kana musasa. Nokumwe kutaura rwodzi rwunonzi gavi. Rwodzi rwunoshandiswa mabasa akawanda anosanganisira: kusunga huni, kusunga mbariro pakupfirira matenda emba, kuvaka matanga emombe kana huku, kuruka tyava nenhava, nemamwe mabasa anoda kusunganidza zvinhu.
Kusvuura gavi zvinoreva kubvisa gavi kubva pagwati remuti. Gavi rinosvuurwa nokurinamura kubva pagwati ndokuchizo rikakata kubva pagavi racho.


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Ethiopia
Ethiopia inyika yakakomberedzwa nedzimwe inowanikwa muDunhu reNyanga yeAfrica. Ethiopia yakaganhurana nenyika dzinoti: Eritrea iri kumaodzanyemba nemaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva; Djibouti ne Somalia kumabvazuva; Sudan neSouth Sudan kumadokero neKenya kuchamhembe. Kuchienzaniswa nyika dzakakomberedzwa nedzimwe, Ethiopia ine vagari mamiriioni 93 ndiyo iri pakutanga pahuwandu hwevagari Pasirose, uye ndiyo yechipiri muAfrica pahuwandu hwehugari hwevanhu. Nharaunda yeEthiopia yakakura maskweya ekiromita 1,100,000; gutaguru remo rinonzi Addis Ababa.


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Mudzi wenhamba
Muchidzidzo masvomhu, mudzi wechi n we nhamba iri kumurirwa na x (nth root of a number), inhamba inomirirwa na r, yokuti kana yaradanurwa padanho n, zvinoenzana na x. Hukama uhwu hunonyorwa sezvizvi,
apa n anenge ari munongedzo remudzi wacho. Mudzi wepiri unenge une munongedzo wa 2, mudzi wechitatu unenge une munongedzo wa 3, mudzi wemakumi maviri unenge une munongedzo wa 20, zvichingodaro.
Somuenzaniso:
- 2 mudzi wepiri wa 4, nokuti 22 = 4.
- −2 mudzi wepiri wa 4, nokuti (−2)2 = 4.
- 9 mudzi wepiri wa 81, nokuti 92 = 81.
- −9 mudzi wepiri wa 81, nokuti (−9)2 = 81.
Mudzi wenhamba unowanza kunyorwa kuchishandiswa chiratidzo kana , kana kana kureva mudzi wepiri.
Apa anoshandiswa kumiria mudzi wetatu, anomirira mudzi wechina, zvichingodaro. Pakupangidza , n anonzi munongedzo - index kuEnglish. Apa n anotiudza kana kunongedza kuti parikutsvagwa mudzi wenhamba wechingani.


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HARARE—
Mumiriri weAmerica muZimbabwe, Ambassador Bruce Wharton, vaita musangano nevapepeti venhau muzuva ravo rechipiri vachishanda muZimbabwe.
Vachipa pfungwa dzavo pamusangano wavo wekutanga nevapepeti venhau, Ambassador Wharton vati basa ravo guru richava rekuudza hurumende yeAmerica kuti zvinhu zvashanduka muZimbabwe.
Vachipindura mubvunza wekuti nyika yavo icharamba yakatemera here Zimbabwe zvirango, Ambassador Wharton vati zvakakosha kuti vanhu vemuZimbabwe vaite zvavakawirirana kuita muchibvumirano cheGlobal Political Agreement kuitira kuti zvirango zvehupfumi nezvekufamba zvakatemerwa vamwe vakuru muhurumende nemuZanu PF zvibviswe.
Ambassador Wharton vatiwo hachisi chokwadi kuti veruzhinji vari kubatwa batwa nezvirango zvehupfumi zvakatemerwa vamwe vakuru vakuru nemamwe makambani ari munyika.
Asi mupepeti webepanhau re The Standard, VaNevanji Madanhire, vati maonero everuzhinji munyika ndeekuti vashoma ivavo vakatemerwa zvirango havana chavari kunzwa uye vave kutovanda nezvirango izvi kuramba vachiita chikiribidi nekutengesa mangoda nerweseri vasingaendese mari kubazi rezvemari.
VaWharton vati nyika yavo inodyidzana zvikuru neZimbabwe uye zvimwe zvavachaita kukurudzira vemabhizimisi ekuAmerica vauye kuZimbabwe sezvo kuine mikana yekuita mabhizimisi yakanaka chose .
Vatiwo panyaya yekugadzirisa hukama hweAmerica ne Zimbabwe, VaWharton vati vachakumbira nhengo dzedare re Congress muAmerica kuti dzizoona kushanduka kwaita zvinhu muZimbabwe kubva pakuumbwa hurumende yemubatanidzwa kusvika pari zvino.
Vatiwo kana Zimbabwe ikaita referendamu nesarudzo dzakachena, America ichaona zvekuita nezvirango zvehupfumi zvakatemerwa mutungamiri wenyika, VaRobert Mugabe, pamwe nevamwe vavo muZanu PF.
VaWharton, avo vakamboshandira muZimbabwe vari mubazi rezvekudyidzana neveruzhinji pamuzinda weAmerica muZimbabwe kubva muna 1999 kusvika muna 2003, vati havana chinangwa chekugaro popotedzana neZimbabwe uye vati vacharemekedza vanhu pamwe nehurumende yeZimbabwe pabasa ravo.
Vamwe vapepeti venhau vanga vakokwa havana kuuya kumusangano uyu, kunze kwekutumira vatori vavo venhau.
Ambassador Wharton vakasangana naVaMugabe neChina vachinozvipira zviri pamutemo semumiriri mutsva weAmerica muZimbabwe.


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WASHINGTON—
Vatungamiri vemabhizimisi munyika vanoti vari kuzoyedza kuti vataure nevezvematongerwo enyika kuti vaone kuti zvinhu zvagadzikana munyika pasati paitwa referendamu nesarudzo dziri kutarisirwa kuitwa gore rinouya.
Sarudzo dzemuZimbabwe mumakore apfuura dzange dziine mhirizhonga yakanyanya zvakapa kuti mutungamiri wehurumende, VaMorgan Tsvangirai, vabude musarudzo yechipiri yemutungamiri wenyika muna 2008.Izvi zvakazopa kuti paumbwe hurumende yemubatanidzwa.
Sangano reZimbabwe National Chamber of Commerce, ZNCC, rinoti kusawirirana panyaya yegwara rakajeka rezvehupfumi muhurumende yemubatanidzwa ndizvo zvakapa kuti zvinhu zvisafambe zvakanaka munyaya yezvemabhizimisi munyika.
Dzimwe nyanzvi munyaya dzezvematongerwo enyika nezvehupfumi dzinotiwo mitemo yakaita seyekuendesa hupfumi kuvatema iri kukanganisawo zvinhu zvopa kuti nyika irambe ichitatarika munyaya dzezvehupfumi.
Mukutanga kwegore, gurukota rezvemari, VaTenda Biti, vainge vati hupfumi hwaigona kukwira nezvikamu mapfumbamwe kubva muzana, asi hukazokura nezvikamu zvina chete kubva muzana.
Zimbabwe iri kupedza gore iine chikwereti chinosvika mabhiriyoni gumi nerimwe emadhora chekunze. Izvi zviri kupa kuti Zimbabwe itadze kukwereta kumabhanga anokweretesa pasi rose.
Maindasitiri anonziwo ari kushanda ari pazvikamu makumi mana kubva muzana, kubva pamakumi mashanu nemanomwe kubva muzana gore rapera. Zimbabwe ichakanaka, maindasitiri aya aishanda ari muzvikamu zana kubva muzana, asi izvi zvakazoviringwa nezvirongwa zveZanu PF, pamwe nekutadza kutonga kwebato iri uko kwakasiyana makambani mazvinji avhara.
Mutungamiri weZNCC, VaOswell Binha, vanoti vemabhizimisi vanoda kuti vematongerwo enyika vaite zvinhu murunyararo kuitira munyika mugadzikane, uye vanokwanisa kusima mari dzavo munyika, voita izvi pasina mitemo inovambunyikidza.
Hurukuro naVaOswell Binha


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HARARE—
Hurumende yapa bhanga rayo reAgribank madhora mamiriyoni gumi nemashanu. Mari iyi ichakwereteswa varimi vechibage senzira yekuona kuti nyika yawana chibage chinokwanira vanhu vese.
Mukuru weAgribank, VaSam Malaba, vati mari iyi ichakwereteswa kuvarimi vemumapurazi makuru vanokwanisa kuzodzora mari yavanenge vakwereta.
Vati sezvo varimi vange vari kuchema chema kuti mabhanga ari kuvakweretesa mari nemutengo uri pamusoro soro vachafarira mari iri kupihwa nebhanga ravo nekuti ine mutengo wepasi we4.5% chete.
VaMalaba vati varimi vanokwanisa kuwana mari iyi kumabhanga avo munyika yese kutanga neChitatu. Asi vatiwo vanotanga vaongorora kuti murimi anokodzera here kupihwa mari nekundooona minda yake uye kuti akagadzirira kurima zvakadiyi.
Vati murumi mumwe achapihwa zana rezviuru zvemadhora. Asi vati mari iyi inogona kuwedzerwa zvichiendarana nekuti varimi vangani vanenge vakumbira kubhanga ravo.
Vati kunze kwechirongwa chekutsigira kurimwa kwechibage, bhanga ravo richishanda ne bhanga reFBC riri kubatsira pakurimwa kwezvirimwa zvakaita sefodya, bhinzi, nzimbe pamwe nekuchengetwa kwemombe nemari inodarika mamiriyoni manomwe emadhora.
Chirongwa chaparurwa neChipiri ndechimwe chezvirongwa zvizhinji zviri kuitwa nehurumende mukusimudzira mabasa ekurima munyika.
VaMalaba vati hupfumi hweZimbabwe hunorarama zvikuru nezvirimwa uye kana mabasa ekurima akasabudirira, mamwe maindasitiri haafambi zvakanaka izvo zvinozotadzisa kubudirira kwehupfumi hwenyika.
Sachigaro wekomiti yeparamende inoona nezvekurima, VaMoses Jiri, vati mari yaiswa parutivi nehurumende yekusimudzira kurimwa kwechibage ishoma sezvo fotireza, mbeu nemishonga yekurimisa zviri kudhura.
Zimbabwe iri kuramba ichitadza kurima chibage chinoikwanira zvisinei nekuti yakabvuta minda kubva kuvarimi vechichena muchirongwa chekuendesa ivhu kuvanhu vatema.
Varimi ava, vazhinji vavo vakaenda kunyika dzakapoteredza Zimbabwe, izvo zviri kupa kuti nyika itenge chibage kunyika dzakaita seZambia.


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HARARE—
Bato reMDC rinotungamirwa naVaMorgan Tsvangirai, raparura chirongwa chekusimudzira hupfumi hwenyika pamwe nekuwanira vanhu mabasa matsva vanodarika miriyoni imwe chete mukati memakore mashanu anotevera.
Vachiparura chirongwa ichi, chiri mugwari rinonzi, Jobs, Upliftment, Investment, Capital Environment, kana kuti JUICE, panzvimbo yemabhizimisi yeHighglen, VaTsvangirai vati dambudziko richanesta hurumende kana vave kutonga inyaya yekuumba mabasa matsva. Asi vati chirongwa ichi ndicho chichapedza dambudziko iri.
Vati nyika ine vanhu vakawanda chose vanoda mabasa uye hurumende yavo ichange ichipa mubairo kune makambani anenge achipinza vanhu mabasa. Vatiwo hurumende ichamutsiridza makambani, maindasitiri pamwe nekuona kuti makambani ekunze auya kuzotanga mabhizimisi muZimbabwe.
Munyori mukuru mubato reMDC zvakare vari gurukota rezvemari, VaTendai Biti, vatsinhira mashoko aVaTsvangirai vakati kuti chirongwa cheJUICE chibudirire, vanhu vanofanira kuvhotera VaTsvangirai musarudzo dzinotarisirwa kuitwa gore rinouuya.
VaBiti vatiwo Zimbabwe ichange yave kuita mabhizimisi nenyika dzepasi rese pamwe nedze mudunhu rekuchamhembe kweAfrica.
Asi VaTsvangirai vati mushandira pamwe nenyika dzemudunhu reSouthern African Development Community kunonetsa kana nyika dzakaita seSouth Africa dzichiramba kuti Zimbabwe itengese zvinhu zvayo kunyika iyi.
VaTsvangirai vashorawo mutemo weZanu PF wekupa masimba munyaya dzehupfumi kuvatema, vachiti uri kubatsira vashoma chete pamwe nekudzinga vanoda kuunza mari nehupfumi munyika.
Pane kupokana kukuru muhurumende nekuda kwemutemo wekuendesa hupfumi kuvatema sezvo veruzhinji vari kusiyiwa muchirongwa ichi, vashoma muZanu PF vachidya vachiguta.
Zanu PF iri kuramba yakaoma musoro nekumanikidza makambani ekunze kuti ape zvikamu makumi mashanu nechimwe kuvatema vemuZimbabwe, izvo zvinonzi zviri kutyisidzira vekunze vanoda kutanga mabhizinesi.
VaTsvangirai vati bato ravo richange rave kukwanisa kuita zvirongwa zvaro rega kutanga gore rinouya apo rinotarisira kukunda musarudzo.
Chipangamazano chegurukota rezvekuendesa hupfumi kuvatema, VaPsychology Maziwisa, vanoti gwaro raparurwa ne MDC-T iri ndere kutsvaga rutsigiro musarudzo dzegore rinouya sezvo bato iri rakatadza kuwanisa vanhu mabasa mumakore mana aranga riri muhurumende.


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Gonyonhatu tsazakose
Muchidzidzo chePimanyika, gonyonhatu tsazakose (equilateral triangle) igonyonhatu rine mativi ose akaenza uye gonyo nhatu dzose dzakaenzana. Makonya ari mukati megonyonahatu tsazakose ane chidzudzani, imwe neimwe ine 60o. Chivakamberi chokuti tsaza- chinobva pazwi rechiManyika rokuti tsazana rinoreva kuenzana kana kuti equal kuEnglish.
Zvifaniro zvegonyonhatu tsazakose[chinja | edit source]
Kana mativi egonyonhatu tsazakose akareba nhambwe a, tinokwanisa kunyora tsazaniso dzinotevera kutsanangudza zvifaniro (properties) zvechiumbwa ichi:
Ruvanze, A = (3)(1/2).a2/2
Pimamuganhu, P = 3a
Hudzamu, h = (3)(1/2).a


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Posted on April 20, 2012 | Category: Politics; Business, Sport
http://www.voanews.com/shona/news/Zvirongwa-Zvekudzosa-Vana-Vechidiki-Vanoshanda-Zvisiri-Pamutemo-Zvobudirira-KuChiredzi-148132315.html -
Sangano rinomirira kodzero dzevana vadiki vari kushandiswa mumabasa zvisiri pamutemo, re Coalition Against Child Labour In Zimbabwe, rinoti rakakwanisa kudzosera muzvikoro vana vari pasi pezera vanosvika mazana matatu nemakumi mashanu.
Vana ava vaishandiswa mudunhu reChiredzi kunyanya kumapurazi vasingaendi kuchikoro.
Vanoona nezvekufambiswa kwemabasa mu Coalition Against Child Labour In Zimabwe, Va Pascal Masocha, vanoti vakasarudza kutanga chirongwa chavo kuchiredzi sezvo dunhu reMasvingo riri imwe yenzvimbo dzine vana vadiki vakawanda vari kushandiswa zvisiri pamutemo, kana kuti child labor.
Sangano iri rinoti riri kutarisira kubatsira vana vanosvika chiuru kuti vange vari muuzvikoro muChiredzi mumakore matatu anotevera.
Chirongwa chesangano iri chinotevedzera nzira dzezvimwe zvirongwa zviri kuitwa munyika dzinoti India, Uganda, Kenya, Ethiopia, Morocco neGhana, idzo dzakakwanisa kubatsira vana vadiki vazhinji vanenge vachishanda zvisiri pamutembo kuti vadzokere kuzvikoro.
Kunyange hazvo Zimbabwe yakanyorerana pasi zvibvumirano zvakawanda zvekupedza nyaya yehunhapwa hwevana kana kuti child labor, dambudziko iri richiri kuwanikwa zvakanyanya munyika.
Zvibvumirano zvakanyoreranwa pasi zvinosanganisira zveUnited Nations Convention On The Rights of The Child, International Labor Organization - Minimum Age Convention pamwe ne Worst Forms of Child Labour.
Zimbabwe muAfrica yakaisawo runyoro rwayo pazvibvumirano zvakaita seAfrican Charter On The Rights And Welfare Of Children.
Pamutemo weLabour Act munyika, mwana anofanira kutanga kuita basa asvika pamakore gumi nemashanu. Asi pamabasa akaoma, uye anogona kukanganisa hutano, munhu anofanira kunge aine makore gumi nemasere.
Vana mazvikokota vanoti vana vari kuonekwa vachikorokoza, vamwe vachiita zvechipfambi, uye kuita mabasa epamba anogona kukonzera kuti hutano hwavo hupinde munjodzi.
Vanoongorora nyaya dzemitemo yemabasa vachishanda ne Employers Confederation of Zimbabwe, Isaac Mazanhi, vanoti vana vadiki vanofanirwa kupihwa mukana wekuti vaende kuchikoro.
Gurukota rezvemabasa nevashandi, Amai Paurirana Mpariwa Gwanyanya, vanoti hurumende inoshushikana nemabatirwo ari kuitwa vana vadiki.
» Filed Under Politics; Business, Sport


text: 1Mwanakomana wangu, usakangamwa kudzidzisa kwangu; Asi moyo wako ngauchengete mirairo yangu;2nekuti zvichakuwedzera mazuva mazhinji, Namakore ohupenyu, norugare.3Rudo nezvokwadi ngazvirege kukusiya; Uzvisungire pamutsipa wako; Uzvinyore pabwendefa romoyo wako;4Nokudaro uchawana nyasha nenjere dzakanaka Pamberi paMwari navanhu.5Vimba naJehovha nomoyo wako wose, Urege kusendama panjere dzako.6Umutende panzira dzako dzose, Agoruramisa makwara ako ose.7Usazviti ndakachenjera; Itya Jehovha, ubve pane zvakaipa;8Zvichava mushonga womuviri wako, Nezvimwiwa zvamafupa ako.9Kudza Jehovha nezvaunazvo, Uye nezvitsva zvazvose zvawakawana;10Ipapo matura ako achazadzwa nezvakawanda, Makate ako achapfachuka newaini itsva.11Mwanakomana wangu, usazvidza kuranga kwaJehovha; Usaneta nokuraira kwake.12nekuti Jehovha anoraira mudikamwa wake; Sezvinoita baba mwanakomana wavo wavanofarira.13Munhu, awana uchenjeri, anomufaro, Naiye munhu, anowana njere.14nekuti kuhuwana ihwo kunopfuura kuwana sirivha; Nokufuma nahwo kunopfuura kufuma nendarama.15Hunokosha kupfuura korari; Hakune fuma yako ingaenzaniswa nahwo.16Mazuva mazhinji ohupenyu ari muruoko rwahwo rworudyi; Muruoko rwahwo rworuboshwe mune fuma nokukudzwa.17Nzira dzahwo inzira dzezvinofadza; Makwara ahwo ose ndoorugare.18Ndiwo muti woupenyu kuna vanohunamatira; Mumwe nomumwe anohubata anomufaro.19Jehovha akateya pasi nouchenjeri; Wakasimbisa kudenga-denga nenjere.20Mvura iri makadzika yakadzutuka nezivo yake; Denga rose rakadonha dova.21Mwanakomana wangu, ngazvirege kubva pameso ako; Chengeta uchenjeri chaihwo nekungwara.22Ipapo zvichava upenyu hwomweya Noukomba pamutsipa wako.23Ipapo uchafamba nenzira yako wakasimba; Rutsoka rwako harungagumburwi.24Kana uchivata pasi haungatyi; Uye kana wavata pasi hope dzako dzichava dzakanaka.25Usatya hako chivhunduso chinokuwira kamwe-kamwe, Kunyange kuparadzwa kwavakaipa, kana kuchisvika;26nekuti Jehovha achava chivimbo chako; Achachengeta rutsoka rwako, kuti rurege kubatwa.27Munhu, akafanirwa, usaramba kumuitira zvakanaka Kana ruoko rwako ruchinge rune simba kuzviita.28Usati kunowokwako, Enda, ugodzokazve, Mangwana ndichakupa; Kana uchinge unazvopo.29Usafunga kuitira wokwako zvakaipa, Zvaanogara hake newe achikutenda.30Usarwa nomunhu pasina mhosva, Kana asina kukuitira zvakaipa.31Usagodora munhu anomanikidza; Usatevera kunyange nomumwe wemitovo yake.32nekuti mutsauki inyangadzi kuna Jehovha; Asi ano hukama navakarurama.33Kutukwa naJehovha kuri mumba mowakaipa; Asi unoropafadza ugaro hwevakarurama.34Kana vari vadadi, anovadadira, Asi vanozvininipisa anovaitira nyasha.35Vakachenjera vachagara nhaka yokukudzwa; Asi mapenzi anozviwanira kunyadziswa. Itya Jehovha, ubve pane zvakaipa;


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Hushangazhi
Hushangazhi (Industry in English) zvinoreva nvzimbo dzinoitirwa mabasa ekugadzira zvinhu; kushumira nenzira dzakasiyana, nokukohwa zviwanikwa zviri muvhu kana muamasango. Tiri pahushangazhi zvakanaka kutsanangura kupiwa kwemazita matsva ari pano.
Contents
Mazita ezvinowanikwa pahushangazhi[chinja | edit source]
Kushangazhika (Industrious)- izwi iri rinoreva kushanda nesimba, munhu achiita mabasa mazhinji. Uyu munhu anoshangazhika, munhu anoshanda asina unyope.
Mushangazhi (Industrialist) - iri izita rapiwa kududza muridzi akatanga kambani yake. Pari zvino hatina izwi rinodudza kuti Industrialist tisina kuti muzvinabhizinisi.
Hushangazhi (Industry) - iri izita rapiwa kuti rireve nzvimbo dzose dzakavakirwa kuti vashandi vange vachisangana vachiita mabasa akasiyana-siyana. Muenzaniso ungapiwa ndewekuti muHarare tine Dunhu reHushangazhi reWillowvale - (Willowvale Industrial Area).
Mipanda yeHushangazhi[chinja | edit source]
Hushangazhi Hwekutanga (Primary Industry) - iri iboka rehushangazhi rinosanganisira: kurima mbesa, miti nemichero; kupfuya mhuka; kuredza hove, kuchera mabwe nesimbi zvichingodaro. Hushangazhi hwekutanga hunechekuita nemabasa anokohwa zviwanikwa zviri muvhu nezvinokura muvhu. Mimwe mienzaniso yeHushangazhi Hwekutanga yatinowana muZimbabwe ndeiyi: kurima nzimbe, chibage, nedonje; kuchera mugodhi ye ndarama, mhangura, zeng'e, platinum, marasha(coal) neChrome; kurima michero yemaranjisi, kurima miti yemapuranga.
Hushangazhi Hwepiri (Secondary Industry) - iri iboka reHushangazhi rinoshandura zvibereko zvinobuda muHushangazhi hwekutanga kuita zvinhu zvinoshandiswa mazuva ose. Zvibereko zveHushangazhi Hwepiri zvinoshandiswa mudzimba, mumabasa uye zvinogona kushanda mune mamwe mapoka eHushangazhi Hwepiri. Mimwe mienzaniso yatinowana muZimbabwe ndeiyi: kugadzira shangu; kugaya chibage kuita hupfu; kuveza midziyo yemumba; kuruka machira zvichingodaro.
Hushangazhi Hwetatu (Tertiary Industry) iri iboka reHushangazhi rinoshumira mumabasa akasiyana-siyana; zvibereko zveHushangazhi uhwu hazvisiri zvinhu zvinobatika asi kubatsira kuwanikwa nekufambiswa kwezvinhu zvinobatika. Marudzi eHushangazhi Hwetatu anosanganisira maBhangi; Zvitoro; Kufambiswa kwezvinhu pamwe nevanhu; Insurance; mabasa eHurumende, matare emhosva; maHotera; nzvimbo dzemafaro nedzekushanya, zvichingodaro. Iri boka reHushangazhi rine chekuita nekusvitsa Hushumiri (Service) kuvanhu uye kune mamwe mapoka eHushangazhi.
Zvinopinda muHushangazhi[chinja | edit source]
Chikamu chino chinotsanangudza zvinodikanwa kuti Hushangazhi hunge huchifamba nenzira yakanaka inounza budiriro. Zvinopinda muHushangazhi (Industrial Inputs) zvinosanganisira: zvinhu zvinobatika; zvivakwa; zvirongwa zveHurumende; zvirongwa zvekuwanikwa kwemari; kuchengetedzwa kwemitemo; kutsiva mari inorasika munjodzi; zvichingodaro.
Vambe, huvambe (Capital)- iri zita rapiwa rinoreva mari inounganidzwa nemushangazhi kutanga bhizinisi kana hushangazhi. Zita iri ribatawo zvakare zvimwe zvinodiwa kutanga bhizinizi, zvinoti: michina, nzvimbo yokushandira, zvivakwa, zvichingodaro. Huvambe hunounganinzwa nenzira dzakasiyana dzinoti: zvikwereti zvema Bhangi, mari yakachengetedzwa, uye kutsvaka mari pamusika wemari (Stock Exchange).
Nzvimbo yekushandira (Land) - mhando dzose dzehushangazhi dzinoda nzvimbo yekushandira ingava: minda, masango, zvivakwa, mahofisi kana mafakitari.
Magetsi (Electricity)- Magetsi akakosha kana tatarisana nehushangazhi hwanhasi nokuti michina mizhnji inosundwa nesimba nemagetsi. Zvakanyanya kukosha kuva nemagetsi akabaka nguva dzose kuti makambani asarase mari achibhadhara vashandi vakatarira michina isiri kushanda.
Vanhu vane Hunyanzvi (Skilled People)- mabasa anobatwa muhushangazhi anodaidzira hunyanzwi hwepamusoro, hungava hunyanzwi hunodzidziswa muzvikoro zvetatu (tertiary education) kana kuti hunyanzwi hunowanikwa pakambani. Makambani nehurumende vanoshandisa mari yakawanda kudzidzisa hunyanzwi zvemabasa akasiyana-siyana.
Michina yeHushangazhi (Plant, Machines, Equipment)- kune mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzemichina zvichienderana nebasa riri kushandwa. Michina mizhinji inosundwa nemagetsi uye inotengwa nemari zhinji. Pari zvino michina mizhinji inoshandiswa muhushangazhi muZimbabwe, inotengwa kunze kwenyika zvikuru kunyika dziri mhiri kwemakungwa - nyika dzekuEurope neAsia.
Ruzivo RweHumhizha (Technology)- kuti hushangazhi huvepo panofanirwa kuve nehumhizha hwacho hwekugadzira kana kushumira nenzira inobuditsa zvibereko zviri kutengwa nevanhu. Sokuti kuchera ndarama panodiwa kunge paine humizha hunosanganisira: kudhuura matombo pasi pemugodhi, kutakura chitofu (ore) kubva mumugodhi, mhandambwe dzinopwanya nekutseta chitofu (crushers & mills), nezvimwe zvakawanda zvinosvitsa pakuve nechidhinha chendarama.
Mari yeZvirikwereti (Bank Loans)
Mari yeTsivatsaona (Insurance)- Tsivatsaona chirongwa chinobatsira vemabhizinisi munguva yokunge nzvimbo dzavo dzehushangazhi dzarasikirwa nemari kuburikidza nenjodzi dzinoitika muhushangazhi. Vamabhizinisi vanoripa muripo kuKambani dzeTsivatsaona (Insurance) mwedzi wega-wega; musi unoitika tsaona munzvimbo yehushangazhi, makambani eTsivatsaona anotsiva hukoshi hwechinhu chinenge charasika mutsaona. Izvi zvinobatsira kuti vemabhizinisi vakwanise kudzoka pakushanda zvakare mushure metsaona. Kambani dzeTsivatsaona dzinogamuchira mudeme-mudeme kubva kumabhizinisi akawanda, izvi zvichibatsira kuti pave nehomwe yemari inoshandiswa musi unoitika tsaona kune avo vanenge vakaita mudeme-mudeme.
Zvirongwa zveTsivatsaona zvinofukidzira kurasikirwa kungaitwa mutsaona dzingava dzemotokari, dzemichina, kutsva nemoto, kukuvara kwevashandi pabasa, rufu nezvimwe zvinenge zvakabvumiranwa kunzi zvive zvakafukidzwa. Kune mitemo yehurumende inopa zvisungo zvokuti vashandi vange vakafukidzirwa pasi petsivatsaona. Zvakare kune mhando dzemitoro isingatenderwe kufamba pamigwagwa isina kutererwa netsivatsaona.
Mitemo yeNyika (Legislation, Policies, Regulations) - Mitemo yenyika yakakosha zvikuru kana tatarisana nesarudzo yokuti muzvinabhizinisi ovaka nzvimbo yohushangazhi kupi. Mitemo yenyika inodudza kuti zviri nyore sei kuvamba bhizinisi munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana. Zvinhu zvinotariswa nevanovamba mabhizinisi zvinosanganisira: mitero inoripwa nemakambani; mitemo inochengetedza kodzero dzokunge munhu ari muzvinabhizinisi; mitemo inotonga kuburitswa nekuchengetwa kwemari yokunze kwenyika; mitemo inotaura nezvekuchengetedzwa kwezviwanikwa nenharaunda iri kushandira hushangazhi, zvichingodaro.
Kutakurwa kweNhumbi (Transport) - hakuna nzvimbo inganzi inowanikwa zvinhu zvose zvinodikwa kushandiwa muhushangazhi, kana kuti inowanikwa musika yokutengesera zvabuda muhushangazhi. Apa ndipo pazvinokosha kuti pange pane migwagwa, njanji, ndege nedzimwe mhando dzokufambisa nadzo mbatya nevanhu, kuunza kunzvimbo dzehushangazhi uye kusvitsa kumusika yakasiyana-siyana. Tichoitarisa nyika yedu yeZimbabwe tinoona hushangazhi hwakasimbiswa nekuvapo kwenjanji, nemigwagwa.
Suwo (Port of Entry kuEnglish) inzvimbo inopindwa nayo nevanhu pamwe nenhumbi. Takatarisana nehushangazhi, mukova inzvimbo yakatenderwa pamutemo wenyika kuti ipindwe nayo nevanhu kana nhumbi. Pamitemo yenyika pamukova iyoyi ndipo chete panotenderwa kupinda kwevanhu nenhumbi. Suwo reBeitbridge ndiro rinopinda nenhumbi dzakawanda dzinopinda muZimbabwe.
Kuchengetedza Mitemo (Law Enforcement) - vemabhizinisi vanofara kuziva kuti nzvimbo dzehushangazhi dzavo dzinge dzakachengetedzwa pasi pemitemo uye kuti mbatya dzavanofambisa dzinge dzakachengetedzawo. Izvi zvinovapa kuva nechikuvimba kuti vane rutsigiro pasi pemitemo kana musi wasvika wokuti pane zvinoda kunotongwa kumatare edzimhosva.
Zvirongwa ZveHutano (Health Programs) - Kuvapo kwezvipatara kunosimbisawo hushangazhi zvikurusei takatarisana nekuti vashandi vave nekuchengetedzwa kwehutano.
Bundutso (Processes)- pasi pechikamu cheRuzivo rwehumhizha, Bundutso zvinoreva zvirongwa zvakatsikiswa zvinoshandiswa mukushandura nhumbi dzinopinda muhushangazhi kuti dzive zvibereko zvinokwanisa kutengeseka. Somuenzaniso, gasi reAmmonia rinogadzirwa kuchishandiswa Bundutso raHaber (Haber process). Petrol inowanikwa kubva kuPetroleum kuchishandiswa Bundutso rinonzi Fractional Distilation Process. Sugar inobikwa kuChiredzi kuchishandiswa Bundutso rinonzi pachiNdau kuBumhaCrystallization Process.
Hudaviri neHutongi muHushangazhi[chinja | edit source]
(Responsible Authorities). Pakushanda kunoita hushangazhi pane mapazi ehurumende ane hudaviri pamusoro pezvirongwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvine chinangwa chekuchengetedza mitemo yenyika. Mapazi aya akapiwa hutongi (authority) kuti ave anotarira kuti mitemo yakasiyana yehurumende yatevedzwa. Mapazi aya anobata basa zvichienderana nemitemo yakatarwa nedare reParamende - (Acts of Parliament). MuZimbabwe kune Mapazi ane hutongi pamusoro: pemvura; mitero; ndege, kutakurwa kwenhumbi nevanhu; uye michero nemhuka. Muenzaniso ndiyo inoti: Zimra; Zimre; Zinwa; Zinara; Municipalities; Natural Resources Board; Environmental Protection Authority; Civil Aviation Authority zvichingodaro.


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Ndakamubvira kare ndichida kumusvira bt iye airamba achiti anoda mukomana wake. Musi waakawanikidza mkomana uya achisvira mumwe mskana akarwadziwa akauya arispeed kuinbox kwangu achida kusvirwa. Takaronga ndokusangana. Mwana aive nedako iyeye, aive jaindi aine mazamhu mahombe arimurefu kwandiri. Ndakamisa mboro nekungotarisa chete mhata dzake…..
Ndakatanga kumubata nekumukisa heavy, iye akange akandibatawo achiratidza kuzvifarira zvandaimuita. takakumurana hembe ndokuuya kuseri kwake kuti ndikweshere mboro pamhata dzake……ndakabva ndatanga kubata mazamhu ake apo iye achitambisa chiuno kuti anzwe pressure yemboro pamhata dzake. aiita sekunge arikukoira mbijana so ini ndakafasa mboro ndichidziirwa nemhata dzake apo zamhu …….ndakamuradzika pabed ndokutanga kuyamwa mazamhu ake. ndakatanga kutamba nekabeans kake mwana ndokutanga kushinyira. ndaiti ndikarumirira kamunyatso kezamhu ndoisa chigunwe….
mubeche ndodzoka futy kukabeans. pandiisa chignwe mubeche aiva ati aaaaaaahhhhhh achisimudza musana kunge kukoira chigunwe apo ndichingoyamwa chete zamhu. Mwana akange aakufemereka kunge munhu ambomhanya apo beche ratota jakwachakwa chairo. aive aakungoti masasi kani, mai kani aaaahh ini zvangu ini aaaah. akatora mboro yangu ndokutanga kuiyamwa kunge lolipop…..ndakatanga kunzwa ropa kupera mumuviri richidzika rese kumboro. yakange yanyatsomira kuti twii apo yabuda tsinga yaakurwadza yakuda kusvira. kuyamwiwa kwakange kwonaka ndikazomumisa kuti ndichisvire…
ndaida kumurova missionary pakatunga bt iye akange atoopamusoro pangu atoigarira. akaitora ndokuipinza ega mubeche. akauya munzeve mangu zvikanzi masasi nyatsondisvira ndinakirwe……akatanga kundikoira zvinyoronyoro mboro ichipinda hayo mubeche ini ndakabata mazimhata ake apo ndichiyamwa mazamhu. mwana aikoira vakomana. ndakanyatsonzwa kunaka kwebeche rake rese…..aikoira nemaside ese achichinjachinja speed ini ndichikoirawo zvaienderana nemakoils ake kuitira kuti ndisvike makona ese ebeche tichinakirana hedu nemwana achingoti aaah aaah aaah aaah…
ndakamusandura ndokutanga kumusvira akaisa makumbo pamafudzi pangu akatanga kutamba nekabeans kake ndichimupomba ndichiita kunge ndichamudambura beche……ndakazomufongoresa ndokurova mhata semhata, ndaikoira mwana ndakabata mhata dzake dzichitamba tamba kuenderana nemasviriro andaita, mwana akange oridza mhere achinakirwa. mwana akange ongati aaaaauuuuu aaaaauuuu masasi kani ndichisvira, aiita achimbosimudza rimwe gumbo kuti inyatsopinda yese sezvo ainakirwa nemboro…..
Akaizvomora ndokundigadzika paedge pebed ndokutanga kundikoira akndigarira akafuratira ndichitambisirwa mhata. akanditi ndimuudze kana ndaakutunda coz aida kutundirwa mukanwa……akazonzwa ndoridza mhere ndokuziva kuti ndofa nekunakirwa ndokusimuka ndokutanga kundiyamwa. anhuwoye kutundira mkanwa kaone, mboro inosara yakachena!


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Vhiki
Vhiki kana kuti svondo zvinoreva nguva inoita mazuva anoverengwa kuita masere akatevedzana. Mazuva evhiki anoverengwa zvichivamba musi weSvondo kusvika musi weMugovera. Nokumwe kutaura vamwe vanodaidza vachiti svondo.
Mazuva evhiki ndeanoti:
- Svondo - zuva rokutanga reVhiki kanaSvondo
- Muvhuro - zuva rechipiri reVhiki. Muvhuro izuva rokutanga pamazuva anoenda vanhu vazhinji kubasa, izuva rinovhura mazuva emushando paSvondo roga-roga.
- Chipiri - zuva rechipiri pamazuva anoshandiwa paSvondo roga roga. Uyewo, Chipiri izuva rechitatu kubva kutanga kweSvondo roga-roga.
- Chitatu - zuva rechitatu pamazuva anoenda vanhu vaszhinji kumabasa ririvo zuva rechina kubva pazuva rokutanga kweSvondo roga-roga
- China - iri izuva rechina pamasuva emushando paSvondo roga-roga, ririvo zuva rechishanu kubva pazuva rokutanga kweSvondo roga-roga.
- Chishanu - iri izuva rechishanu riri rekupedzisira pamazuva okushanda paSvondo roga-roga asizve riri zuva rechitanhatu kubva pazuva rokutanga paSvondo roga-roga.
- Mugovera kana kuti chitanhatu - iri izuva rokupedzisira paSvondo roga-roga. Uyewo izuva apo vamwe vashandi vanogovegwa mibairo yekushanda kwavakaita paSvondo rose, ndiko kusaka zuva iri rakanzi Mugovera.


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WASHINGTON—
Mutungamiri wenyika, VaRobert Mugabe, vakabuda munyika neChina vakananga kumabudazuva kunoita zororo ravo repagore. Izvi vanozviita gore rega rega mumwedzi waNdira.
Asi dzimwe nyanzvi munyaya dzezve matongerwo enyika dzinoti VaMugabe havaifanirwa kubuda munyika vachisiya zvinhu zvakaita sebumbiro idzva remitemo nezvimwe zviri kudiwa kuti sarudzo dziitwe gore rinouya zvisati zvapera.
Mutauriri waVaMugabe, VaGeorge Charamba, vakaudza vatori venhau kuti VaMugabe vainge vabuda munyika, uye mutevedzeri wavo, Amai Joice Mujuru, ndivo vachange vakabata chigaro chavo.
Bato reZanu-PF raimbenge rati kana bumbiro risina kupera nemusi wekisimusi, raizoti VaMugabe vatare zuva resarudzo vomisa paramende basa.
Vamwe vanoti uku kwaive kungotaura, asi VaCharamba vanoti hapana chinomisa VaMugabe kuita izvi kunyange vari pazororo.
Pane zvinhu zvakati wandei zviri kutadzisa bumbiro kupera zvakaita sekuendesa masimba kumatunhu, kuvandudza mitemo ine chekuita nevanodzivirira nyika, mabasa ematare, masimba emutungamiri wenyika nezvimwe zvisiri kuwiriranwa.
Komiti yemakurukota nenhengo dzeparamende yakasangana neChina, asi haina kukwanisa kuwirirana.
Sachigaro wekomiti iyi, uye vari gurukota rezvebumbiro nemabasa eparamende, VaEric Matinenga, vanoti vakadzorera misariridzwa kumapato kuti ambozeyazve.
Kuenda kwaVaMugabe kuzororo zvinhu zvakaita manyama amire nerongo hakusi kufadzawo masangano akazvimirira.
Vanoona nezvekufambiswa kwemabasa kuchamhembe kweAfrica musangano reCrisis in Zimbabwe Coalition, VaPhillan Zamchiya, vanoti VaMugabe vanofanira kuzodzoka kumusha nechimbichimbi kuti vagadzirise nyaya dziri kunetsa dzinotadzisa kuti sarudzo yakachena iitwe.
Hurukuro naVaEric Matinenga
Hurukuro naVaPhillan Zamchiya


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Gonyozhinji
Muchidzidzo chePimanyika, gonyozhinji (Polygon kuChirungu) chiumbwa chine mativi mazhinji; kubvira pamatatu zvichikwira. Mitsetse inobatana pamikwava inenge yakati twasa.
Kupihwa kwezita[chinja | edit source]
KuChirungu izwi rokuti "polygon" rinoreva chiumbwa chine mativi mazhinji uye gonyo zhinji. Shoko rinoti poly rinoreva many - kuwanda. Shoko rinoti "gon" rinobva pashoko rekuti gonia (Latin) rinoreva bend kana kuti ankle. Isu kuChiShona tichapa zita rokuti gonyozhinji kududzira shoko rokuti polygon. Zvichinge zvamira nenzira iyoyi hazvichanetsi kupa mazita eShona kuzviumbwa; tinenge toverenga kuti chiumbwa chine gonyo (mikwava) ngani kana kuti mativi mangani.
- Triangle ine mativi matatu inenge yonzi gonyonhatu.
- Quadrilateral ine mativi mana inenge yonzi gonyoina.
- Pentagon ine mativi mashanu inenge yonzi gonyoshanu.
- Decagon ine mativi gumi inenge yonzi gonyogumi, zvichingodaro.
Tichiri ipapo zvakafanira kuti tionesane kuti gonyozhinji rega-rega rakaumbwa riine mativi anoverengwa kuenzana nemagonyo ari mukati mechiumbwa ichocho.
Magonyo egonyozhinji[chinja | edit source]
gonyozhinji rega-rega rine mativi anoverengwa kuenzana nemikwava yarinaro. Mukwava wega-wega une magonyo ane chitsama. Magonyo anonyanya kuwongororwa ndeaya:
Magonyo emukati – Magonyo emukati egonyozhinji ine mativi n (n-gonyo) anohwerengedzwa kusvika (n − 2)180o. gonyozhinji ine mativi n inokwanisa kutariswa sokunge yakavakwa negonyonhatu n dzinosangana paGoko regonyozhinji. gonyo inotenderera pagoko yakakura 360o, kana kuti 180(2). Tikabvisa kukura kwegonyo riri pagoko kubva pakukura kwemagonyo ari mugonyonhatu dziripo "n", tinowana (n − 2)180o kukura kwemagonyo emukati, megonyozhinji. Poinsot ndiye akatanga kutsvakurudza nekunyora pamusoro pemagonyo emukati egonyozhinji.
Makonyo ekunze - aya magonyo anohwerengedzwa kuita 360k, apa k anenge ari nhamba yakazvikwanira (interger).
Mipanda yeGonyozhinji[chinja | edit source]
Kune gonyozhinji rinenge rine mativi akaenzana uye mikwava yakaenzana; irori rine kuchenzana kwemativi nemagonyo ndiro rinonzi gonyozhiji remachenzano - (regular polygon). Kunoitawo gonyozhinji rine mativi kana magonyo asina kuenzana; irori risina kuchenzana kwemativi nemagonyo ndiro rinonzi gonyozhinji risakachenzana - irregular polygon.


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Chiroto
Chiroto (dream) zvinoreva zviitiko zvinooenekwa kana kunzwikwa nemunhu akakotsira, zvingava zvakanaka kana zvakaipa. Vanhu vanorota zvakasiyana; vamwe vanorota zvavaswera vachiita, vamwe zvisinei nezvavaita, imwe nguva vamwe vanorota zvinoyambira kuti chii chiri kuuya mberi. Nokumwe kutaura chiroto chinonzi hope
Tsika[chinja | edit source]
MuBhaibheri Mambo weEgypt akarota hope achiona ndonda dzemombe nomwe dzichidya mombe dzakakora nomwe. Hope idzi dzakadudzirwa naJoseph achiti dzaireva makore manomwe emaguta aizoteverwa nemakore manomwe enzara.


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Dowokadzi
Takatarisana nevanhu dowokadzi (ova) zvinoreva dowo kana kuti zai rinobva kumunhukadzi rinogadzirwa mumakandiro maviri ari pamuviri wemukadzi. Panosangana dowokadzi nedoworume ndipo panobata mukadzi pamuviri mwana achitanga kuumbwa.
Mwedzi wega wega zvinotarisirwa kuti dowokadzi rimwe rinobuda kubva kumakandiro rodzika nechubu kuenda muchibereko chemukadzi. Mukadzi akasangana nemurume panguva iyi ndipo panotarisirwa kuti doworume rinobatana nedowokadzi zvichivamba kuwumba mwana. Kana zvichinge zvisina kuitika kuti mwana awumbwa chibereko chinorasa dowokadzi pamwe neropa rinobva mumadziro echibereko chemukadzi. Iyi ndiyo nguva yokutevera kana kuti kuenda kumwedzi.


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Ropa
Ropa (blood) ndiwo mutuvi mutsvuku unowanikwa uchiyerera mumitswe iri munyama dzemhuka dzose. Mitswe inofamba neropa inonzi tsinga. Ropa rinofambisa chikafu negasi re"oxygen" kusvitsa kunhengo dzemuviri uye rinotakura tsvina kubva kunhengo dzemuviri.
Mitswe inofamba neropa[chinja | edit source]
Mitswe inofamba neropa ndiwo aya machubhu anonzi blood vessels kuEnglish. Pachinyorwa chino pachasiyaniswa mhando yemitswe iyi kuti tiyedze kuturikira zvinonzi veins, arteries and capillaries kuEnglish. Uku kupatsanura kwakakosha zvikuru nokuti mitswe inofamba neropa ine mabasa akasiyana.
Tsinga[chinja | edit source]
Artery ichanzi tsinga nokuti idzi ihuru uye dzinonatsa kuonekwa nechekunze paganda. Tsinga dzinotakura ropa kubva kumoyo kuenda kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri.
Mushwaira[chinja | edit source]
Mushwaira(Capillary blood vessel) zvinoreva mhando yetsinga ndikisa dzinobatsira mukutsinhana kana kugachidzana kwezvinhu zvinowanikwa mumuviri zvinoti: oxygen, carbon dioxide, mvura, chikafu, nemishonga inoraswa pakati peropa nenhengo dzemuviri. Mishwaira inobatanidza tsinga hombe dzinotakura ropa kubva kumoyo kuenda kunhengo dzomuviri netsingana ndiki chinodzosera ropa kumoyo. Shoko rokuti mushwaira rinoreva kanzira kadiki kasina kunatsa kupfumbira; aka kanenge kari kanzira kanonetsa kuona pakari chaipo. Apa ndipo pabva paturikirwa kuti shoko rinoti mushwaira rive ndiro rinoreva zvimwe nereEnglish rokuti capillary. Iri zita rinoduza zvakanakisa kuti capillary tutsinga tudokosa zvichifanidzwa nedzimwe tsinga dzinoonekwa pamuviri wemhuka kana munhu. Pakuwanda mushwaira inodanwa kunzi mishwaira
Mamwe mazwi[chinja | edit source]
- Ropa ragwamba (blood clot) rinonzi govo kana kuti goo.


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Mugodhi
Mugodhi (Mine in English) imhando yehushangazhi hunochera matombo akakosha kubva muvhu, nokukorora simbi kubuda mumatombo anenge acherwa. Matombo aya anogona kunge aine simbi dzakakosha kana kuti achishandiswa mune mamwe mabasa anowanikwa muhushangazhi.
- Munyika yeZimbabwe mune migodhi inochera simbi dzakakosha dzinoti:ndarama; platiunum; chrome uye lithium.
- Kunoitawo migodhi inochera mamwe matombo asiri esimbi anoti: ngoda; limestone; magnesium uye silicates.
- Matombo asina simbi yakakosha anodanwa kunzi mambara - (waste rock in English).


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Mukova (pokupinda)
Mukova (Port of Entry kuEnglish) inzvimbo inopindwa nayo nevanhu pamwe nenhumbi kana vachipinda kana kubuda munyika. Takatarisana nehushangazhi, mukova inzvimbo yakatenderwa pamutemo wenyika kuti ipindwe nayo nevanhu kana nhumbi. Pamitemo yenyika pamukova ndipo chete panotenderwa kupinda kwevanhu nenhumbi
Mhando dzeMikova[chinja | edit source]
Mukova unogona kuva pamuganhu wenyika kana kuva mukati menyika.
- Mikova iri pamiganhu yenyika yeZimbabwe anosanganisira: Beitbridge; Plumtree; Kazungula; Kariba; Chirundu; Nyamapanda; Forbes zvichingodaro. Mikova iyi inobatanidza Zimbabwe nenyika dzakaipoteredza dzinoti: Mozambique; South Africa; Botswana; Namibia; neZambia.
- Mikova iri mukati menyika inosanganisira: Harare Airport; Joshua Nkomo Airport neVictoria Falls Airport; iyi mikova yendege. Panzvimbo idzi ndipo panopinda napo vanhu nezvinhu zviri kuuya nendege.
- Nyika dzine miganhu negungwa dzinoitawo mikova ari pamahombekombe egungwa. Somuenzaniso Mozambique ine mikova inoti: Maputo; Beira neNampula. South Africa ine mikova inoti: Durban; Cape Town neRichards Bay.
Mukova weBeitbridge ndiwo unopinda nenhumbi dzakawanda kunyanya muZimbabwe. Mukova weVictoria Falls unobatanidza nyika dzinoti Zimbabwe, Zambia neNamibia paCaprivi Strip.
Mabasa epaMukova[chinja | edit source]
- Kuchengetedza mitemo yenyika.
- Kutendera nokudzivisa kupinda kwenhumbi zvichitevedza mitemo yenyika.
- Kutendera nokudzivisa kupinda kwevanhu zvichitevedza mitemo yenyika.
- Kutambira mitero inobhadharwa pakupinda kwenhumbi nevanhu munyika yeZimbabwe.


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Ruwa
Ruwa (settled area, community or rural area in English) inzvimbo yakagarwa nevanhu isiri sango. Asi mukutaura kwemazuva ose mazuvano vazhinji vanotora shoko iri kureva nzvimbo dziri kumamisha kusiri kudhorobha kana kuti guta. Kumaruwa kunonyanya kuitwa mabasa ekurima mbesa, kuchengeta zvipfuyo, nokurima miti.
Chikamu chinodarika 60% yehugari hwevanhu muZimbabwe vanogara kumaruwa.
Kurerutsa Mutauro[chinja | edit source]
- He comes from a community near Headlands - Anobva kumaruwa ari pedyo neHeadlands.


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Kuenzana chikero
Kuenzana chikero (Equilibrium kuEnglish) zvinoreva kuti:
- Mupimo iri kutariswa kumativi ari kufananidzwa inenge yakaenzana.
- Mupimo iri kutariswa inobata ichinanga nerudzivo rwakapesana.
- Hapana chinoshanduka pakumira kwezviri munharaunda iri kutariswa nyangwe zvazvo paine shishi rokufamba kwezvinhu.
Muenzaniso yokuenzana kwechikero ndeiyi:
Huwandu hweVanhu[chinja | edit source]
- Kana huwandu hwevanhu vari kuzvarwa panyika nehuwandu hwevanhu vari kufa panyika hwakaenzana hapana kushanduka kuripo pakuwanda kwevanhu vari panyika.
- Hongu vanhu vanenge vari mushishi rokuzvara asi kune rimwe divi vamwe vari kufa nehuwandu hwakaenzana.
- Pakadai panonzi pane kuenzana chikero takatarisa huwandu hwevanhu, kufa nekuzvarwa kwevanhu.
Mvura pakuGwamba[chinja | edit source]
- Kana mvura ikatonhodzwa inotanga kugwamba painosvika pahujoto 0oC panova ndipo panowanikwa mvura iri mutuvi uye magodo.
- Magodo emvura akadziyiswa anotanga kunyauka kana hujoto hwasvika 0oC pachionekwa mutuvi wemvura zvose nemagodo.
- Izvi zvoreva kuti apo mvura inenge iri pahujoto 0oC: mutuvi wemvura unoshanduka kuva magodo; panguva imwe chete magodo anenge achishanduka kuva mutuvi wemvura.
- Panguva iyi muvandu unoshandura magodo kuita mutuvi nemuvandu unoshandura mutuvi kuita magodo zvinoenzana pakuitika kwazvo pasina chinokasira kudarika chimwe.
- Pahujoto 0oC pane kuenzana chikero nokuti kumhanya kwemuvandu wemvura unoenda mberi kwakafanana nekumhanya kwemuvandu unodzoka shure .
Nekumwe kutaura tingati “Equilibrium” kugadzikana kwezvinhu zviri pazviri pasina chinoshanduka. Asi kugadzikana uku hakuereve kuti hapana chiri kuitika. Zvinoreva chete kuti zviri kuitika zviri kupikisana rudzivo rwazvakanga uye nehuwandu hwakaenzana. Nokudaro hapana divi rinokurira rimwe saka hapanawo chinoshanduka.


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WASHINGTON DC—
Magweta ari kumirira sangano rinorwira kuti munyika muve nebumbiro idzva, reNational Constitutional Assembly, NCA, aendesa magwaro echimbichimbi kudare repamusoro reHigh Court achida kuti rimanikidze hurumende kuti iwedzere nguva yakapiwa vanhu kuti vazeye pamwe nekuona gwaro idzva rebumbiro remitemo risati raenda kureferendamu.
Magweta ari kumirira sangano iri eMbidzo, Muchadehama and Makoni anoti asvitsa mapepa echimbichimbi aya kudare pamwe nekumutungamiri wenyika VaRobert Mugabe, avo vakazivisa nezvezuva richaitwa referendamu, uye kumahofisi eZimbabwe Electoral Commission (ZEC) iyo ichatungamira hurongwa hwesarudzo dzacho.
VaMugabe vakazvisa kuti referendamu ichaitwa musi wa 16 Kurume, izvo zviri kupa vanhu mwedzi mumwechete chete wekuti vaone nekunzwisisa zviri mugwaro iri, izvo zvinonzi nerimwe remagweta ari kumirira NCA, VaAndrew Makoni zviri kupikiswa neNCA.
Zvichakadaro, komiti iri kutungamira kunyorwa kwebumbiro remitemo yenyika, yeCOPAC, inonzi yapererwa nemagwaro ebumbiro remitemo azere, izvo zvaita kuti itange kudhinda magwaro ebumbiro idzva iri muchidimbu kana kuti summary.
Mumwe wemasachigaro eCOPAC, VaDouglas Mwonzora vanoti nekuda kwekudhura kuri kuita kudhinda gwaro rese rebumbiro rizere, vaona zvakakodzera kuti vachidhinda muchidimbu, vachiunganidza zvavanofunga kuti zvine basa zvingada kuverengwa neveruzhinji.
Gwaro rizere rebumbiro rine mapeji anoita zana nemakumi manomwe ane matatu, asi VaMwonzora vanoti gwaro duku iri richange riine mapeji angangosvika makumi maviri chete.
NeMuvhuro COPAC yakatumira zvikwata zvayo nemagwaro azere anoita zviuru makumi mapfumbamwe mumatunhu ose emunyika, ayo achaonekwa nevanoda kunzwa zviri mubumbiro idzva iri.
Magwaro aya anonzi achange achichengeterwa munzvimbo dzakaita sezvikoro, makiriniki nemahofisi avanamudzviti, uko veruzhinji vanokwanisa kunoaona. Magwaro arerutswa aya anonziwo ari kutarisirwa kubuda svondo rino.
Hurukuro naVaAndrew Makoni
Hurukuro naVaDouglas Mwonzora


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HARARE—
Masachigaro emasangano evapepeti venhau muAfrica ari muZimbabwe kuzosimbisa hukama nesangano ravapepeti venhau vemuno reZimbabwe National Editors Forum pamwe nekuona gadziriro dzemusangano weUnited Nations World Tourism Organisation General Assembly uyo uchaitirwa kuVictoria Falls muZimbabwe nekuLivingtone kuZambia gore rino.
Sachigaro weZimbabwe National Editors Forum, VaBrian Mangwende, vaudza Studio7 kuti vakaronga rwendo rwemasachigaro aya rwemazuva maviri kuti azodzidza nezviri kuitika munyika pamwe nematambudzika akatarisana nevatori venhau pamwe nemakambani avanoshandira munyika.
VaMangwende vanoti apo vachange vari munyika, vapepeti ava vachasangana nemasangano anoshanda nevavatori venhau akaita seZimbabwe Union of Journalists, Media Instutute of Southern Africa-Zimbabwe chapter, Voluntary Media Council of Zimbabwe nemamwe vachizeya mashandiro pamwe nezvinonetsa vatapi venhau muZimbabwe.
Vanotarisirwawo kushanya mumapepanhau ese nedzinhepfenyuro dzese pamwe nekusangana nemakurukota ehurumende ane chitsama.
VaMangwende vanoti zvinhu hazvina kunyatsomira zvakanaka panyaya dzekutora nekuburitswa kwenhau sezvo pachine mitemo inombunyikidza vatapi venhau.
Vapepeti vauya vanosanganisira Mondi Mamakhanya veSouth Africa Editors Forum, VaJovial Rantao veSouthern Africa Editors Forum, anoona nezvekufambiswa kwemabasa muAfrican Editors Forum, Moumina Cheriff Sy wekuBurkina Faso, vanoona nezvekufambiswa kwebasa muSouthern African Editors Forum, Elizabeth Kalambo Mule wekuNambia naMpho Dibeela wekuBotswana.
Mumashoko avo ekupera kwegore rapera, munyori mukuru wesangano reZimbabwe Union of Journalists, VaFoster Dongozi, vakati sangano ravo harisi kufara nekuti vatapi venhau vari kuramba vachishungurudzwa nemapurisa pamwe nevezvematongerwo enyika.
VaDongozi vanoti sangano ravo rinotarisira kuti gore rino richange rakaoma nekuda kwesarudzo dziri kutarisirwa kuitwa.
Zimbabwe ndeimwe yenyika dzinozivikanwa nekumbunyikidza vatori venhau pasi rese uye kunyange hazvo hurumende yemubatanidzwa yainge yazvipira kubvisa kana kuvandudza mitemo yemashandiro evatori venhau, haisati yaita izvi.


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Shato
Shato (Python in English) inyoka ine makamba machena nematema inowanikwa kuno kuAfrica; Australia neAsia. Kune marudzi masere (7) eshato. Shato haina huturu; inouraya mhuka nokudzimonerera yodzisunga kusvika pakutadza kufema uye kutyoka mapfupa.
Magariro[chinja | edit source]
Shato inowanikwa muAfrica mudunhu reTropics kuri kuchamhembe kwegwenga reSahara. KuAsia inowanikwa zvichibva kuNepal, India, Pakistan, neSri Lanka, inowanikwawo zvakare ku, Myanmar, kuchamhembe kweChina, Hong Kong, Indonesia nePhilippines.


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Kukombodza (migodhi)
Shoko rokuti kukombodza (beneficiation or value addition) rinotaura pamusoro pemhindu dzose dzinoitwa dzokuvandurira chitofu chinobva kumigodhi kuti chisvike apo chinozokwaniswa kubikwa chichinyautswa mumabhaera emoto. Mhindu idzi dzine chinangwa chokupatsanura dombo rine muchegwa une mari nedombo mambara risina mari. Izvi zvinenge zvakapangama nokuti dombo rinozonobikwa mubhaera ndeiro rinenge rine muchegwa wemari kunyanya kwete imwe mbwizhu yose isina chiguro kana chimuko pairi. Izvi zvinoita kuti kambani dzisarasikirwa nemari kutenga magetsi achibikiswa dombo mambara.
Mhindu dzinoitwa dzinosanganisira: kutsemura kana kubanda mabwe nemhandamabwe, kugaya mabwe nezvigayo zvine mabhora esimbi, kupatsanura mambara nemuchegwa wemari, nokukokorodza muchegwa wemari.
Shoko rokuti kukombodzwa rinokwaniswa kushandawo kutsanangurwa zviri kurongwa muZimbabwe kuti ngoda ivezwe nokukwenenzwerwa muZimbabwe. Izvi zvinoita kuti ngoda iyevedze kuvatengi yave kupenya, saka inenge yave kuchizotengeswa kunyika dzokunze nomutengo wepamusoro. Kana ngoda isina kuvezwa sezvizvi, ingori dombo rakabva pasi pemugodhi mutengo pacarat unenge uri pasi. Kukombodza zviwanikwa zveZimbabwe munyika imomo zvinobatsira kuwanisa vanhu mabasa pane kupa vekunze mabasa mamwechetewo.
Tiri ipapa ndipo panokosherewo kuti zvirimwa zvakaita sana donje zvinge zvichitengeswa ava machira kwete kutengesa mabhero edonje. Chisina kukombodzwa hachina mari inodarika icho chakakombodzwa - kuEnglish ndiyo inonzi beneficiation or value-addition.
Kurerutsa Mutauro[chinja | edit source]
Shoko rokuti kukombodzwa rinotodzana nerekuti kukomborera rinoreva kuitira zvakarurama, zvinofadza, zvinopfumisa panyama kana pamweya. Nenzira imwe, chiro chinenge chakombodzwa chinenge chapfuma pamutengo wacho uye chapfumisawo nyika nevanochishanda kuti chikombodzwe. Mutengo wacho pa tonne kana pachiyero chipi chingashandiswa unotarisirwa kukwira kwete kuderera.
Panokombodzwa chiro panoitwa zvimwe zvisina hukoshi hwepamusoro zvinopatsanurwa kubva kune zvakakosha zvichiraswa kana kutengeswa sechimwe chibereko chinoshandawo chiri choga. Zvinoraswa tingazvifananidza nedemhe rakomborwa zvemukati zvakakosha iro rakasara rava demhe.