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[ ] In achipikisa Emotional Contagion kuedza, Kleinsman and Buckley (2015) akanyora kuti:
"Kunyange kana chiri chokwadi kuti pangozi nokuda Facebook kuedza vaiva pasi uye kunyange kana, muna maitikiro azvakaita, migumisiro vanotongerwa chichibatsira, pane chinokosha mungozi pano kuti anofanira vakatsigira. Nenzira imweyo kuti kuba kuba pasinei mari vanobatanidzwa, isu tose saka tine kodzero vaedza pasi pasina ruzivo rwedu munotenderana, chero yezvakaita kutsvakurudza. "
[ ] Maddock, Mason, and Starbird (2015) anoona mubvunzo kuti vaongorori vanofanira kushandisa Tweets kuti dzave dzadzimwa. Verenga pepa wavo kudzidza pamusoro necheseri.
[ ] Munyaya pamusoro nezvetsika yomunda kuedza, Humphreys (2015) , zvinganaka zvinotevera zvokufungidzirwa kuedza kusimbisa chemufungo nezvinetso kupindira zvinoitwa pasina kubvumirana vose rinoitei mapato uye kuti zvichikuvadza vamwe uye kubatsira vamwe.
"Itii mutsvakurudzi anonzi neZvapupu kutaridza masangano munharaunda kuti vanoda kufunga kana pakugovera mumigwagwa zviedza muzvitangwena kuchaderedza mhosva dzechisimba. In tsvakurudzo iyi nyaya ndivo matsotsi: kutsvaka omuzvarirwo wamatsotsi ingangokuudza kuzobvuma pakutsvakurudza uye yaizovawo kuva kukasaitwa zvakadaro (kutyora kuremekedzwa vanhu); vemhosva chingangova kutakura mari kutsvakurudza pasina kubatsirwa (kukanganisa kururamisira); uye kuchava kusawirirana nezvokubatsira pakutsvakurudza - kana zviri kubudirira, wamatsotsi zvikurukuru haazorambi kuchikoshesa (kubudisa nokuomerwa dzinoongorora mutsa). . . . Chaiwo nyaya pano havasi akapoteredza nyaya Zvisinei. Pano pane ngozi kuti vawane vanhu vasiri vanotongwa, kana Somuenzaniso matsotsi kudzorera kuzorwa nemasangano vachiisa mwenje panzvimbo. The sangano angava chaizvo kuziva njodzi idzi asi kuda kuvatakura nekuda vakafungidzira zvisizvo atende zviine zvaunotarisira vatsvakurudzi mumayunivhesiti vakapfuma vari pachavo uchida zvisakakwana kubudisa. "
[ ] Kuma1970 60 varume vaiitawo mumunda kuedza kuti kwakaitika yevanhu kuchimbuzi kuyunivhesiti iri nechepakati chikamu US (vaongorori regai zita yunivhesiti) (Middlemist, Knowles, and Matter 1976) . Vaongorori vaifarira sei vanhu sei kutyorwa yavo pachavo nzvimbo, iyo Sommer (1969) rinorondedzerwa so "nharaunda pamwe miganhu asingaoneki yakapoteredza muviri munhu umo nevanyanyisi varege kuuya." More zvakananga, vaongorori vakasarudza kudzidza sei weti murume wacho rinoitei nokuvapo kwevamwe pedyo. Tapedza kudzidza evasingatombonamati pakuongorora kudzidza, vaongorori aidzidza munda chiedzwa. Vakwikwidzi vaimanikidzwa kushandisa kuruboshwe-zvikuru secondary vari vatatu secondary yokugezera (vaongorori regai kutsanangura chaizvo sei izvi zvakaitika). Zvadaro, vatori vechikamu vakanzi mumwe zvitatu siyana interpersonal nechokure. Nokuti vamwe varume vava akashandisa secondary kodzero pedyo navo, nokuti vamwe varume vava akashandisa secondary imwe nzvimbo kubva kwavari, uye vamwe varume hapana vava akapinda kuchimbuzi. Vaongorori akayera ravo Mugumisiro variables-kunonoka nguva uye kupfuurira-kuburikidza kumira imwe tsvakurudzo mubatsiri mukati chimbuzi mudanga yakabatana yeboka wacho secondary. Heano mazano vaongorori akatsanangura nokuyerwa nzira:
"An mucherechedzi yakanga yakamira chimbuzi mudanga pakarepo yakabatana nyaya 'secondary. Munguva mutyairi wendege miedzo maitirwo izvi zvakava pachena kuti auditory cues kugona kushandiswa chiratidzo mharuro uye kumira [weti]. . . . Asi, ziso cues zvaishandiswa. Muoni akashandisa periscopic prism imbedded ari wemagazini mabhuku avete pasi chimbuzi mudanga. An 11-padiki (28-cm) nzvimbo pakati pasi uye rusvingo chimbuzi mudanga akapa maonero, kubudikidza periscope, ari rokushandisa yakaderera mutumbi uye akaita zvichiita zvakananga ziso sightings pamusoro karwizi weti. Muoni Zvisinei, akanga asingakwanisi kuona chiso nyaya wacho. Muoni akatanga chichiita dzokurinda mbiri apo nyaya yakatowedzera kuna secondary, akarega mumwe apo weti yakatanga, uye ikadzivisa mamwe apo weti wakagumiswa. "
Vaongorori vakawana kuti ungaderedza daro mumuviri Kunotungamirira vawedzere kunonoka pamusoro Pazvinotanga uye ungaderedza kupfuurira (Figure 6.7).
[ ] Muna August 2006, anenge 10 mazuva asati nesarudzo chikuru, 20,000 vanhu vaigara Michigan akagamuchira no yairatidza kwavo kuvhota maitiro uye kuvhota maitiro avo vavakidzani (Figure 6.8). (Sezvinoratidzwa muchitsauko, muna US, hurumende mamiriro unochengeta zvinyorwa ndiani vovhotera pakusarudza neimwe uye ruzivo urwu riwanikwe nevoruzhinji.) Izvi marapiro aigadzira chikuru kushanda akamboona kusvika panguva iyoyo kuti chimwe no: izvozvo zvakawedzera turnout mwero kubudikidza 8.1 muzana pfungwa (Gerber, Green, and Larimer 2008) . Kuisa izvi akapoteredza, akaumbwa tsamba yemanyorero zvibereko inowedzerawo inenge imwe muzana pfungwa (Gerber, Green, and Larimer 2008) . Kuvhiringidzwa yakanga yakakura kwazvo zvokuti kushanda enyika ainzi Hal Malchow akabayira Donald Green $ 100,000 kwete kubudisa mugumisiro kuedza (anofungidzirwa kuti Malchow aigona kushandisa mashoko aya pachake) (Issenberg 2012, p 304) . Asi, Alan Gerber, Donald Green, uye Christopher Larimer haana kubudisa bepa muna 2008 muna American Political Science Review.
Kana ukanyatsoongorora aongorore mailer muna Figure 6.8 ungacherechedza kuti mazita vaongorori 'haamo pamusoro payo. Asi, kero iri Ruyamuro Political Consulting. Paruzivo kuti bepa hachishandi vanotsanangura: "Special ndinoonga Mark Grebner pamusoro Mazano Political Consulting, uyo akagadzira uye wakawanda purogiramu tsamba kudzidza pano."
[ ] Kuvakira yapfuura mubvunzo, kamwe 20,000 mailers aya akatumirwa (Figure 6.8), uyewo 60,000 vamwe vanokwanisa zvishoma nehanya mailers, paiva backlash kubva kuvatori vechikamu. Kutaura zvazviri, Issenberg (2012) (p 198) rinoshuma kuti "Grebner [Kumutungamiriri Practical Political Consulting] akanga vasingatongosviki exchange sei vanhu vakawanda akatora dambudziko kunyunyuta runhare, nekuti hofisi yake ndokupindura muchina akazara zvokuti callers itsva kukwanisa kuenda mharidzo. "Kutaura zvazviri, Grebner akacherechedza kuti backlash aigona kunge yakatokura kana vakanga scaled vakasimudza kurapwa. Akati kuna Alan Gerber, mumwe vatsvakurudzi, "Alan kana takanga apedzera zviuru mazana mashanu zvemadhora akafukidza wose mamiriro iwe uye ndingadai vanorarama Salman Rushdie." (Issenberg 2012, p 200)
[ ] In tsika, vakawanda zvetsika zvine gakava kunoitika pamusoro zvidzidzo uko vatsvakurudzi havana chokwadi yakaudza mvumo kubva vechikamu (semuenzaniso, nyaya zvidzidzo zvitatu muchitsauko chino). Zvisinei, zvetsika zvine gakava anogonawo kuitikira zvidzidzo zvine wechokwadi omuzvarirwo. Vagoronga zvokufungidzirwa kudzidza apo mungadai kwechokwadi omuzvarirwo kugadzira, asi izvo iwe uchiri kufunga kwaizova unethical. (Kukuruma nzeve: Kana uri kutamburira, unogona edza kuverenga Emanuel, Wendler, and Grady (2000) .)
[ ] Vatsvakurudzi dzinowanzogwesva nokuora kutsanangura kwavo kufunga yetsika kune mumwe nemumwe uye kuti voruzhinji. Shure yakawanikwa kuti Ravirai, Ties, uye Nguva yakanga kuzodzosera vanozivikanwa, Jason Kauffman, mutungamiriri tsvakurudzo chikwata, vakaita zvishomanana yavose nezvevakuru nezvetsika nechirongwa. Read Zimmer (2010) uye zvadaro nyorazve Kauffman Zvakataurwa vachishandisa zvinotaurwa uye zvetsika zvine zveupfumi zvinorondedzerwa muchitsauko chino.
[ ] Banksy ndomumwe yakakurumbira dzinoitwa Artist muUnited Kingdom, uye iye unoziva kuti zvematongerwo vaifarira mumugwagwa ezvivako (Figure 6.9). Zvisinei, chaiwo nokuzivikanwa kwake, hazvinzwisisiki. Banksy ane Website saka aigona kuita ake chitupa paruzhinji kana aida, asi iye akasarudza. Muna 2008 Daily Mail, pepanhau, rakabudiswa munyaya vachiti kuziva zita Banksy raMwari chairo. Zvadaro muna 2016, Michelle Hauge, Mark Stevenson, D. Kim Rossmo uye Steven C. Le Comber (2016) akaedza dzipupurire vanoti ichi uchishandisa Dirichlet muitiro muvhenganiswa muenzaniso nzvimbo vafambi. More zvakananga, vakaunganidza Nzvimbo nzvimbo Banksy kuti voruzhinji ezvivako muBristol uye London. Zvadaro, nokutsvaka kuburikidza mumapepanhau akwegura uye voruzhinji dzokuvhota zvinyorwa, Hauge nevaaishanda navo kare kero ainzi munhu, mudzimai wake, uye nhabvu yake (kureva, bhora) chikwata. Munyori wacho muchidimbu kuwanikwa bepa ravo sezvinotevera:
"Hapana mumwe zvakakomba 'yevaifungidzirwa' [sic] kuongorora, zvakaoma kuti vaizobvuma mashoko pamusoro Banksy ndiani inobva nenyaya kukurukurwa pano, kunze achiti nenhongonya ari geoprofiles mune zvose Bristol uye London anosanganisa kero anozivikanwa vaizobatana pamwe [zita redacted]. "
Zvichitevera Metcalf and Crawford (2016) , ndakazvipira varege zvinosanganisira zita wacho apo achikurukura kudzidza ichi.
[ ] Mune imwe dzinonakidza munyaya Metcalf (2016) anoita nharo kuti "datasets pachena kuwanika ane dzakavanzika Data ndezvimwe zvezvisarudzo dzinonakidza nevaongorori uye chinonyanya ngozi kuti vanotongwa."
[ ] Muchitsauko chino Ini hwokuda nokutonga thumbs kuti mashoko zvose zviri dzingadai dzinozivikanwa uye mashoko zvose zviri angangoita namakemikari. Table 6.5 inopa mazita mienzaniso mashoko anenge asina pachena pachake chinozivisa ruzivo asi izvo achiri zvinogona chokuita zvakananga vanhu.
[ ] Kuzvifungidzira uri wose shangu unosanganisira vechikamu dzako uye voruzhinji, kwete chete vezera rako. Mutsauko Izvi zvinoratidzwa pane zvakaitika yechiJudha Chirwere Disease Hospital (Katz, Capron, and Glass 1972, Ch. 1; Lerner 2004; Arras 2008) .
Dr. Chester M. Southam aiva anokudzwa chiremba uye mutsvakurudzi pana Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research uye Shamwaridzanai Muzvinadzidzo Medicine panguva Cornell University Medical College. Musi waJuly 16, 1963, Southam uye vaviri nevamwe jekiseni mhenyu kenza masero kupinda mitumbi dzevarwere zvamuremadza 22 panguva vechiJudha Chirwere Disease Hospital muNew York. majekiseni Ndivo chikamu Southam kwakaita tsvakurudzo kunzwisisa rokuzvidzivirira varwere kenza. Pakutsvakurudza yapfuura, Southam akanga awana kuti vazvipiri utano vakakwanisa kuramba jekiseni kenza masero ari nehasha 4 6 mavhiki, nepo zvaida varwere vaitova kenza yakareba. Southam akashamisika kana kunonoka kupindura zviri kenza kuvarwere akanga nekuti vakanga kenza kana nekuti vakanga vakwegura uye zvamuremadza kare. Kuti tipindure izvi zvaangaita, Southam akasarudza baya jekiseni mhenyu kenza masero ive boka revanhu vakanga vakwegura uye zvamuremadza asi vakanga vasina kenza. Apo shoko yokudzidza kupararira, akaparirwa muchidimbu kubudikidza yokusiya vatatu vanachiremba vakakumbirwa kubatanidzwa, vamwe vakaita kuenzanisa kuti yeNazi Wevasungwa kuedza, asi vamwe anotsanangura muchidimbu kubudikidza Southam-akawana kutsvakurudza unproblematic pamusoro nevimbiso. Pakupedzisira, New York State Board Regents akaongorora nyaya kuti kusarudza kana Southam vanofanira kukwanisa kuramba kuita mushonga. Southam akapikisa panguva azvidzivirire kuti akanga ari kuita Southam paaizvidzivirira kwaibva dzinoverengeka dzinoti izvo zvose vakanga rinotsigirwa nenyanzvi dzakawanda anokudzwa vaivapupurira nokuda kwake "yakanakisisa tsika mutoro kunotoda tsika.": (1) tsvakurudzo ake akanga vamatunhu nesayenzi nemagariro munorumbidzirweiko; (2) hapana kuti munhu ngozi vechikamu; kutaura vachishandisa chikamu Southam makore 10 risati ruzivo nenyaya dzinopfuura 600; (3) padanho kunoutsvene inofanira kuchinjwa maererano nenhanho ngozi wakabvunzwa nevatsvakurudzi; (4) pakutsvakurudza yakanga zvinoenderana mureza okurapa panguva iyoyo. Pakupedzisira, Regent kuti bhodhi akawana Southam mhaka yokubiridzira, kunyengera, uye unprofessional mufambiro, uye kumisa ake yokurapwa rezinesi kuti gore rimwe. Asi, makore mashomanana gare gare, Chester M. Southam akasarudzwa purezidhendi weAmerican Association of Cancer Vaongorori.
[ ] Mune pepa vanoda "Crowdseeding muna Eastern Congo: Kushandisa Cell Phones kuti Chengeta Conflict Events Data mu Real Time", Van der Windt uye Humphreys (2016) anorondedzera vakagovera date muunganidzwa hurongwa (ona Chitsauko 5) kuti akasikwa Eastern Congo. Tsanangura kuti vaongorori vaibata pamwe nechokwadi pamusoro zvichiita pokukuvadza kuvatori vechikamu.
[ ] Muna October 2014, masayendisiti nhatu enyika akatuma mailers kuti 102,780 vakanyorwa vavhoti muna Montana sesangano kuedza kuyera kana vavhoti vanopiwa ruzivo kazhinji kuvhota. The mailers-zvakanga akapomerawo 2014 Montana General Election Voter Information Guide-akaisa Montana Supreme Court Justice musarudzo, inova sarudzo isiri partisan, pamwero kubva worupo kuchinja, izvo zvaisanganisira Barack Obama uye backer Romney vakati- sezvo kuenzanisa. The mailer zvakare waisanganisira kubereka Huru CHISIMBISO State of Montana (Figure 6.10).
The mailers vanowanika zvichemo kubva Montana vavhoti, uye vakaita Linda McCulloch, Montana kwakaita Munyori weHurumende, ikwidzwe chakarongwa chichemo pamwe Montana hurumende mamiriro. The mumayunivhesiti kuti vakashandisa vaongorori-Dartmouth uye Stanford-tsamba vose vakanga vagamuchira mailer ruregerero chero zvinogona kuvhiringidzika uye kujekesa kuti mailer "haana vemumapato chero bato, kukwikwidza kana sangano, uye haana aida simba chero rudzi. "tsamba zvakare yakajekesa kuti chepamusoro" vakavimba pachena mashoko pamusoro vakanga kumamwe nechimwe danidziro. "(Figure 6.11)
Muna May 2015, Commissioner Enyika Miitiro of State of Montana, Jonathan Motl, tsunga kuti vaongorori kutyora Montana mutemo: "The Commissioner anosarudza kuti pane zvinhu zvakakwana kuratidza kuti Stanford, Dartmouth uye / kana vatsvakurudzi ayo chibharo Montana rutsigiro tsika mitemo yaida kunyoresa, nhau uye Kuziviswa akazvimirira havashandisi mari. "(Yakakwana Kuwana Number 3 Motl (2015) ). The Commissioner Dzakamukurudzirawo kuti County Attorney kuongorora kana kushandisa kunze komutemo kushandiswa Guru CHISIMBISO Montana anotyora Montana State mutemo (Motl 2015) .
Stanford uye Dartmouth vasingabvumirani mutongo Motl vake. A Stanford Mutauriri anonzi Lisa Lapin akati Iye akataura "Stanford ... haatendi chero mitemo sarudzo vakanga vatyora" uye kuti no "haana ane chero Advocacy kutsigira kana kurwisana chero aikwikwidza." Kuti mailer waitaura zvakajeka kuti "zviri nonpartisan uye haikurudziri nzira ipi neipi mumiriri kana bato. " (Richman 2015)
[ ] Musi waMay 8, 2016, vaongorori-Emil maviri Kirkegaard uye Julius Bjerrekaer-scraped mashoko kubva paIndaneti kufambidzana nzvimbo OkCupid uye pachena zvabudisa dataset vanenge 70,000 vanoshandisa, kusanganisira variables pamusoro Username, zera, kuti munhui, nzvimbo, chitendero-ukama mafungiro, nyeredzi-ukama mafungiro, kufambidzana zvinofarirwa, nhamba mapikicha, nezvimwewo, uyewo mhinduro dzakapiwa kumusoro 2600 mibvunzo yacho. In ubate pabepa vachifambidzana kusunungurwa data, hachishandi akataura kuti "Vamwe vanogona kuramba kuti tsika ine achiunganidza uye kusunungura date ichi. Zvisinei, vose mashoko anowanikwa dataset vari kana vakanga vatova pachena kuwanikwa, saka kwokusunungura dataset ichi kunongoratidza anotura pawo zvikuru chimiro. "
Achipindura kuti mashoko kusunungurwa, mumwe hachishandi akabvunzwa on Twitter: "Uyu date yakatarwa zvikuru kuzodzosera dzinozivikanwa. Kunyange zvinosanganisira usernames? Raiva basa zvachose kuitwa anonymize nayo? ". Mhinduro yake yaiva "Kwete Data kwatova yavose ". (Zimmer 2016; Resnick 2016)
[ ] Muna 2010 imwe ungwaru dzezvematongerwo pamwe US Army akapa 250,000 Classified nedzenyu netambo kuti sangano WikiLeaks, uye vakanga zvadaro vaiswa paIndaneti. Gill and Spirling (2015) nharo kuti "WikiLeaks kunoutsvene anogona rinomiririra yemashoko date ringabatwa akarova kuti vaedze nzira dzisinganyatsooneki dzidziso mu dzemarudzi noukama ", uye ipapo statistically munguva nzwisa leaked magwaro. Somuenzaniso, hachishandi vanofungidzira kuti dzinomirira vanenge 5% vose nedzenyu netambo panguva iyoyo, asi kuti kuenderana izvi zvichisiyana Embassy kuti Embassy (ona Figure 1 mapepa avo).
[ ] Kuti kudzidza sei makambani sei zvichemo, mumwe mutsvakurudzi akatuma nyepera chichemo tsamba 240 kumusoro-mugumo Restaurants muNew York City. Heuno Mashoko aya atorwa tsamba zvekunyepera.
"Ndiri kunyora tsamba ino kwamuri nokuti ndiri dzinoronga pamusoro ichangopfuura ruzivo randaiva resitorendi yenyu. Kasiri kare, mudzimai wangu, uye ini vakapemberera gore redu rokutanga. ... The manheru vakazoora neshungu apo zviratidzo vakatanga kuonekwa anenge mana maawa pashure kudya. Extended kuda kurutsa, kurutsa, manyoka, uye abdominal chinyamunhari zvose zvaimiririra chimwe chinhu: poizeni. Zvinondifadza zvikuru chete vachifunga kuti manheru yedu inokosha kudanana vakava wakaderedzwa mudzimai wangu kundiona kugonya ari fetus nechinzvimbo pamusoro tiled pauriri yokugezera kwedu pakati dzinenge vachikanda kumusoro. ... Kunyange hazvina chinangwa changu ikwidzwe chero mishumo pamwe nani Business Bureau kana weDhipatimendi Health, ndinoda imi, [zita restaurateur], kuti vanzwisise chii Ndakaenda kuburikidza vari kutarisira kuti achapindura maererano. "
[ ] Tichivakiridza mubvunzo uyu yapfuura, ndingada kuti imi kuenzanisa kudzidza iyi kuongorora yakasiyana zvachose kuti kubatanidzwawo mumaresitorendi. Mune ichi mamwe kudzidza, Neumark uye nevamwe (1996) akatuma vaviri mukono nehadzi pakoreji vadzidzi vaviri vane angorukwa Tinoenderera mberi kushandisa mabasa sezvo Mahweta uye waitresses pa 65 kumaresitorendi muPhiladelphia, kuti kuongorora zvepabonde rusarura mune resitorendi mubayiro. The 130 mafomu zvakatungamirira 54 kubvunzurudzwa uye 39 basa zvinowanika. Kudzidza akawana statistically chinokosha uchapupu dzepabonde kusarurwa kwevanhukadzi pamatunhu-mutengo mumaresitorendi.
[ ] Vamwe nguva kumativi 2010, 6.548 mapurofesa muUnited States akagamuchira na rakafanana iyeyu.
"Vanodiwa Professor Salganik,
Ndiri kukunyorerai nokuti ndiri waunotarisira Ph.D. mudzidzi pamwe zvikuru kufarirwa tsvakurudzo yako. urongwa wangu kushandisira Ph.D. Mapurogiramu nokuwa ichi kuuya, uye ini ndiri chaizvo kudzidza zvakawanda sezvo ini handigoni pamusoro pakutsvakurudza mikana iyi.
Ini ndichava pamusoro kembasi nhasi, uye kunyange ndinoziva kwakanyorwa pfupi chiziviso, ndakanga vachishamisika kana yaunayo maminitsi 10 kana iwe achida kusangana neni zvishoma kutaura nezvebasa renyu uye chero mikana ndikwanise kuwana zvematongerwo tsvakurudzo yako. nguva Chero kuti zvaizova yakakusunungukira zvaizova wakaisvonaka neni, sezvo musangano nemi ndiko pakutanga yangu yokutanga panguva iyi kembasi kushanya.
Ndinokutendai pachine kwenyu nezvazvo.
Pachokwadi, Carlos Lopez "
na Ndivo chikamu munda kuedza kuti kuyera kana mapurofesa vaiva vangangochigamuchira kuna email zvichienderana 1) nguva-puranga VS svondo rinouya (nhasi) uye 2) zita yatumira rakanga dzaisiyana kuti chiratidzo urudzi uye munhui (semuenzaniso, Meredith Roberts, Raj Singh, etc). Vaongorori vakawana kuti kana zvikumbiro vaifanira kusangana 1 vhiki, varume Caucasian akazvipiwa kuwana fakaroti nhengo anenge 25% kakawanda kupfuura vakadzi uye zviduku. Asi, kana zvekunyepera vadzidzi akakumbira misangano iwoyo maitiro aya vanotova zvachose (Milkman, Akinola, and Chugh 2012) .
"Munguva pfupi yapfuura, makagamuchira email kubva mudzidzi kukumbira kwemaminitsi 10 nguva yako kukurukura Ph.D. yako chirongwa (muviri email anooneka pazasi). Tiri emailing iwe nhasi kuti debrief uri chinangwa chaiyo iyoyo email, sezvo zvakanga chikamu ongororo. Tinotarisira nomwoyo wose kudzidza kwedu haana kukuita chero Kuvhiringidza uye isu ruregerero kana uri zvachose inconvenienced. Tariro yedu ndeyokuti tsamba iyi achagovera tsananguro chinangwa umhare tichidzidza yakakwana kuderedza zvinonetsa chero muve pamusoro yokupindira yenyu. Tinoda kukutendai nguva yako uye kuverenga mberi kana uchida kunzwisisa nei makagamuchira shoko iri. Tinovimba uchaona kwokuziva isu Mirai kubudisei ichi huru zvedzidzo kudzidza. "
Atsanangura chinangwa umhare yechidzidzo, ivo akazotaura kuti:
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- Home
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Siberian State Medical University
Siberian State Medical University Details
- nyika : Russian Federation
- guta : Tomsk
- Acronym : SSMU
- inotangwa : 1878
- Students (approx.) : 6000
- Musakanganwa kuti discuss Siberian State Medical University
tsananguro
Siberian State Medical University Anodzidzisa chinotevera chizvarwa vanachiremba nokuita yepamusoro yezvokurapa tsvakurudzo uye nokupa dzidzo yakanakisisa.
dzakasimbiswa 1878, Siberian State Medical University mumwe kupfuura inozivikanwa uye zvikuru anonyatsozivikanwa zvokurapa zvikoro muRussia nokuda kwayo pamusoro caliber zvedzidzo uye sayenzi muviri, uye vanachiremba vane ruzivo vane mazita nyika-mukurumbira. Pakati vadzidzi ndivo vakuru maviri Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 25 nezvekuparara nhengo Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 42 academicians.
Siberian State Medical University’S makirisito basa iri mberi anoshivirira kutarisirwa uye voruzhinji utano muna Russian Federation kuburikidza nokudzidzisa, tsvakurudza uye kurapwa kunaka.
The University anokanda panguva chekunatsiridza upenyu uye utano vokuparidzira kuburikidza utsanzi mune dzidzo, tsvakurudza uye anoshivirira kutarisirwa kupa pamusoro-unhu nokudzidziswa, inodzidzisa uye tsvakurudzo mikana vadzidzi.
- kupfuurisa 5000 vadzidzi
- vadzidzi vaibva 47 kumatunhu Russia
- vadzidzi vaibva 13 nyika dzokumwe
- 80% vadzidzi vaibva zvose pamusoro kuRussia
- 12% vadzidzi vatorwa
- pamusoro 80% rokudzidza fakaroti vari nyanzvi yesayenzi
- 15% dzidzo mushandirwi anotsigirwa, INC. 30% nokuti Tomsk kurapwa hurongwa
- 72 000 vepayunivhesiti pamusoro 120 vemunyika dzokuTomsk
- Siberian State Medical University ari yandaipuwa pamusoro 3 zvokurapa zvikoro uye pamusoro 30 yepamusorosoro edzidzo masangano pamusoro 30 yepamusoro masangano dzidzo munyika Russian Federation (2015).
- pagore pagore SSMU rinopa dzidzo inopfuura 5 000 vadzidzi vaibva kumativi ose Russia uye Kishi nharaunda uyewo zhinji dzimwe nyika (Jerimani, Haiti, Rativhiya, Rituaniya, Saipurasi, Nigeria, Malaysia, India, Mongoriya). The University dundundu anopfuura 80% zvedzidzo fakaroti pamwe zvechikoro madhigirii (375 MDs, DMedSci). pamusoro 60 000 Vanachiremba vemishonga kudzidza paYunivhesiti mumakore; pamusoro 40 000 Nyanzvi kunge beencertified.
- SSMU anopa vadzidzi exellent dzidzo uye chikonzero zvokurapa dhigirii.
Siberian State Medical University inopa rakasiyana zvakatipoteredza dzidzo vadzidzi kuziva nedhigirii zveutano sezvo vanachiremba kana masayendisiti kudzidza kurapwa okuongorora nokutsvakurudza.
Siberian State Medical University mumwe mashoma zvokurapa mumayunivhesiti muRussia yayo payunivhesiti chipatara, tsvakurudzo nzvimbo uye mumarabhoritari, anatomical mamiziyamu pamwe nemamwe kuunganidza, chikuru Scientific Medical Library kuSiberia uye nezvimwe zvivako zvakawanda.
- SSMU Vakapedza kudzidza vacho vane zvikuru vanonyatsokwanisa nyanzvi.
Ruzivo rwakawanikwa mumakore zvidzidzo rinoiswa tsika imwe mbiri dzokuEurope Accredited kudzidziswa simulation nzvimbo muRussia. pakati SSMU Vakapedza kudzidza vacho vane vanachiremba wokuRussia uye vatorwa makiriniki vaitungamirira: kupfuurisa 700 vanachiremba, 42 academicians, Gurukota Health the Russian Federation, WeGurukota Education of Russian Federation.
University vakapedza kudzidza vari kumusoro kudiwa munyika. Vakapedza kudzidza kwedu mabasa ose kumatunhu Russia, Kishi, Jerimani, Norway, Israel, USA, Kanadha, Furanzi, Bherujiyamu, Chammhembe Koria, Siwidheni, Czech Republic.
- kudzidza ari SSMU Zvinofadza uye zvinonakidza.
Siberian State Medical University anopa zvakawanda mikana vaya vanoda rokuvandudza hwavo upenyu mudzidzi mumabasa akasiyana. Vadzidzi vanogona kubatanidzwa yegore kutandara, kusanganisira nhabvu, tenesi, Basketball, kushambira muzhizha, kana Skiing uye Skating muchando.
Vanoverengeka mubereko anotsanangura netsvimbo uye masangano mudzidzi anowanika paUniversity: mudzidzi nesayenzi nenzanga, rokuzvipira makirabhu, Chirungu achitaura kirabhu, uye vamwe vazhinji.
Schools / Colleges / madhipatimendi / Courses / Faculties
- Medical Doctors (therapy, sejari, obstetric and gynecology)
- chiremba
- Pharmaceutical
- Medicine–Biology (nemakemikari omuviri, biophysics, medical cybernetics)
- Higher Education for Nurses
- Advanced Training and Professional Development (Postgraduate Education)
- Management and Economics in Health Care
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy
- Basa Social
History
- 1878 –Alexander II established Tomsk Imperial University as the Faculty of Medicine
- 1888 Chikumi, 22 –The official opening date
- 1930 –The Faculty of Medicine of Tomsk State University was converted/reorganized to Tomsk Medical Institute
- 1992 –Tomsk Medical Institute received university status and changed its name to Siberian State Medical University
Siberian State Medical University is one of the leading medical universities in Russia. Its history dates back to 1878, when the Emperor Alexander II founded the first university in the Asian part of Russia. Imperial Tomsk University opened in 1888 with only one faculty – the Faculty of Medicine.
Founded more than 135 makore apfuura, the university was originally formed as a research and educational center. Kwemakore, the University has become one of the best educational, scientific and medical complexes in Russia for training and certification of healthcare professionals in the field of surgery, internal medicine, Pediatrics, pathology, histology, pharmacology, microbiology and many others.
SSMU today includes 7 zvichitaurwawo, Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Central Research Laboratory, 8 tsvakurudzo nzvimbo, interdisciplinary teaching and research laboratories and its own clinics, three anatomic Museums with unique collections and the region’s largest scientific medical library.
Kwemakore akawanda Siberian State Medical University has been among the top five leading medical universities in Russia according to the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation. The university enrolls more than 5000 vanhu gore negore. From year to year there is a steady increase in the number of students coming to study in the Siberian State Medical University from other regions of Russia, CIS and from abroad
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Ndapota onai: EducationBro Magazine unokupa kugona kuverenga Info pamusoro mumayunivhesiti pa 96 mitauro, asi tinokukumbirai kuremekedza vamwe nhengo uye kusiya mashoko ari Chirungu.

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Ungada here kuverenga nyaya ino mumutauro we%%?
Bhaibheri repaIndaneti | SHANDURO YENYIKA ITSVA YEMAGWARO MATSVENE
Ungada here kuverenga nyaya ino mumutauro we%%?
4 Naizvozvo, ini musungwa+ munaShe, ndinokutetererai kuti mufambe zvakakodzera+ kudanwa kwamakadanwa nako,+
2 nepfungwa dzinozvininipisa+ zvakakwana nounyoro, nomwoyo murefu,+ muchishivirirana murudo,+
3 muchivavarira nomwoyo wose kuchengeta kubatana kwomudzimu muchisungo chorugare.+
4 Kune muviri mumwe chete,+ nomudzimu mumwe chete,+ sokudanwa kwamakaitwa mutariro imwe chete+ yamakadanirwa;
5 Ishe mumwe chete,+ kutenda kumwe chete,+ rubhabhatidzo rumwe chete;+
6 Mwari mumwe chete+ uye Baba vevanhu vose, vari pamusoro pavose uye kuna vose uye muna vose.
7 Zvino mumwe nomumwe wedu akaitirwa mutsa usina kukodzera kuwanwa+ maererano nokuyera kwakaita Kristu chipo chepachena.+
8 Saka iye anoti: “Paakakwira kumusoro akaenda nenhapwa; akapa zvipo zviri varume.”+
9 Zvino mashoko okuti “akakwira,”+ anorevei kunze kwokuti akadzikawo munzvimbo dzakaderera, ipo panyika?+
10 Iye wacho akadzika ndiyewo akakwira+ kumusoro kupfuura matenga ose,+ kuti azadzise+ zvinhu zvose.
11 Akapa vamwe kuti vave vaapostora,+ vamwe kuti vave vaprofita,+ vamwe kuti vave vaevhangeri,+ vamwe kuti vave vafudzi nevadzidzisi,+
12 kuti vatsvene varuramiswe,+ nokuda kwebasa rokushumira, nokuda kwokuvakwa kwomuviri waKristu,+
13 kusvikira tose tasvika pakubatana mukutenda nomuzivo yakarurama pamusoro poMwanakomana waMwari, tava munhu akura zvakakwana,+ tava nomwero wokukura kwakazara kwaKristu;+
14 kuti tirege kuvazve vacheche, tichikandwa kwose kwose+ sokunge tinokandwa nemafungu uye tichitakurirwa kuno nokoko nemhepo yose yokudzidzisa+ nounyengeri+ hwevanhu, nemanomano okuruka mazano okukanganisa.
15 Asi nokutaura chokwadi,+ isu ngatikurei norudo+ muzvinhu zvose muna Kristu, uyo ari musoro.+
16 Kubva kwaari, muviri+ wose uchinyatsobatanidzwa pamwe chete uye uchiitwa kuti ushandire pamwe chete pachishandiswa mapfundo ose anopa zvinodiwa, maererano nokushanda kwenhengo imwe neimwe mumwero wakakodzera unoita kuti muviri ukure kuti uzvivake murudo.+
17 Naizvozvo, ndinotaura nokupupurira izvi munaShe, kuti hamucharambi muchifambazve sokufamba kunoita mamwe marudzi+ mukusabatsira kwepfungwa dzawo,+
18 paanenge ari murima mupfungwa,+ uye akaparadzaniswa+ noupenyu hwaMwari, nokuda kwokusaziva+ kuri maari, nokuda kwokuoma+ kwemwoyo yawo.
19 Asisina kana nepfungwa yose zvayo yetsika,+ akazviregerera asingazvibati+ kuti aite zvinhu zvisina kuchena+ zvemarudzi ose nokukara.+
20 Asi imi hamuna kudzidza Kristu kuti akadaro,+
21 chokwadi, chero bedzi makamunzwa uye makadzidziswa naye,+ chokwadi+ zvachiri muna Jesu,
22 kuti munofanira kubvisa unhu hwekare+ hunotsinhirana nowaimbova mufambiro wenyu uye hunoodzwa+ maererano nokuchiva kwahwo kunonyengera;+
23 asi kuti munofanira kuitwa vatsva musimba rinoita kuti pfungwa dzenyu dzishande,+
24 uye munofanira kupfeka+ unhu hutsva+ hwakasikwa+ maererano nezvinodiwa naMwari mukururama kwechokwadi+ nokuvimbika.
25 Saka zvino, zvamakabvisa nhema,+ mumwe nomumwe wenyu ngaataure chokwadi nomuvakidzani wake,+ nokuti isu tiri nhengo yomumwe nomumwe.+
26 Tsamwai henyu, asi musatadza;+ zuva ngarirege kuvira makatsamwa,+
27 uyewo musabvumira Dhiyabhorosi nzvimbo.+
28 Anoba ngaachirega kubazve,+ asi ngaashande nesimba, achiita basa rakanaka nemaoko ake,+ kuti ave nechimwe chinhu chokupa mumwe munhu anoshayiwa.+
29 Shoko rakaora ngarirege kubuda mumuromo menyu,+ asi shoko chero ripi zvaro rakanaka, kuti rivake sezvingava zvichidiwa, kuti ripe zvinofadza kune vanonzwa.+
30 Uyewo, musashungurudza mudzimu mutsvene+ waMwari, wakakuisai chisimbiso+ nokuda kwezuva ramuchasunungurwa norudzikinuro.+
31 Pfini+ dzose nokutsamwa nehasha nokupopota nokutuka+ ngazvibviswe kwamuri pamwe chete nezvakaipa zvose.+
32 Asi itiranai mutsa,+ muchinzwirana tsitsi kwazvo,+ muchikanganwirana nomwoyo wose Mwari zvaakakukanganwiraiwo nomwoyo wose achishandisa Kristu.+
Tumirawo vamwe
Tumirawo vamwe
SHANDURO YENYIKA ITSVA YEMAGWARO MATSVENE
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TEVEDZERA KUTENDA KWAVO
Akanzi “Akarurama Nemabasa”
RAKABHI akatarisa nepahwindo rake, chiedza chemambakwedza chichitanga kurova bani reJeriko. Uto rine simba revaIsraeri rainge rakaungana panzvimbo iyi. Sezvavakatanga kutenderera zvakare guta iri, guruva rakatanga kuti togo mumashure mavo uye ruzha rwekurira kwehwamanda rwakatangazve.
Jeriko ndiwo waiva musha waRakabhi. Ainyatsoziva migwagwa yemo, dzimba uye misika nezvitoro, izvo zvaigara zvakazara nevanhu. Ainyatsoziva vanhu vomuguta iri. Sezvo uto revaIsraeri raitenderera guta iri kamwe chete zuva nezuva, izvo zvakanga zvisati zvamboitika, Rakabhi aigona kuona kuti vanhu vomuguta rake vaiwedzera kutya. Kurira kwehwamanda zvakwainzwika mumigwagwa uye munzvimbo dzaiungana vanhu muJeriko, Rakabhi haana kupererwa sezvaiita vamwe.
Rakabhi akanga akatarisa uto iri sezvarakatanga kutenderera guta mangwanani-ngwanani, pazuva rechinomwe. Pakati peuto revaIsraeri, akaona vapristi vavo vachiridza hwamanda, vakatakura areka tsvene yaimiririra kuvapo kwaMwari wavo, Jehovha. Tinogona kufungidzira Rakabhi akatsamira neruoko patambo tsvuku yaiva pahwindo rake, yakarembera parusvingo rukuru rweJeriko. Tambo iyi yaiyeuchidza Rakabhi nezvetariro yaaiva nayo yokuti iye nemhuri yake vaizopona pakuparadzwa kweguta racho. Rakabhi aiva mutengesi here? Jehovha aisamuona semutengesi, asi aitomuona semukadzi aiva nokutenda kunoshamisa. Ngatidzokerei panotangira nyaya yaRakabhi, tione kuti tingadzidzei kubva kwaari.
RAKABHI PFAMBI
Rakabhi aiva pfambi. Chokwadi ichi chakashamisa vamwe vaongorori vekare veBhaibheri zvekuti vakasvika pakuti, aingova muchengeti weimba yevanenge vari parwendo. Asi Bhaibheri harivanzi chokwadi. (Joshua 2:1; VaHebheru 11:31; Jakobho 2:25) Basa raiitwa naRakabhi rinogona kunge raionekwa nevaKenani serisina kuipa. Asi tsika hadzigoni nguva dzose kuita kuti pfungwa yokuziva chakanaka nechakaipa kana kuti hana yatakapiwa naJehovha isashanda. (VaRoma 2:14, 15) Rakabhi anofanira kunge aitonyara nemararamiro aaiita. Kungofananawo nevakawanda nhasi vanorarama nenzira yakadai, anogona kunge aiona sokuti hapana zvimwe zvaaikwanisa kuita kuti ariritire mhuri yake.
Hapana mubvunzo kuti Rakabhi aidawo kuva noupenyu huri nani. Nyika yake yaiva yakazara nechisimba uye tsika dzakaora dzaisanganisira makunakuna uye kurara nemhuka. (Revhitiko 18:3, 6, 21-24) Chitendero ndicho chakaita kuti zvakaipa zvipararire kudaro. Kunamata vanamwari vechidhimoni vakadai saBhaari naMoreki kwaisanganisira kupisa vana sezvibayiro vari vapenyu. Chipfambi chaikurudzirwawo patemberi.
Jehovha aiona zvaiitika muKenani. Nemhaka yezvakaipa zvakawanda zvaiitwa nevaKenani, Jehovha akati: “Nyika iyi haina kuchena, ndichaunza chirango pamusoro payo nokuda kwokukanganisa kwayo, uye nyika yacho icharutsa vagari vayo.” (Revhitiko 18:25) ‘Chirango nokuda kwokukanganisa kwayo’ chaisanganisirei? Mwari akanga avimbisa vaIsraeri kuti: “Jehovha Mwari wako achadzinga marudzi aya pamberi pako zvishoma nezvishoma.” (Dheuteronomio 7:22) Mazana emakore akanga apfuura, Jehovha ainge avimbisa kupa mhuri yaAbrahamu nyika yacho, uye ‘Mwari haamborevi nhema.’—Tito 1:2; Genesisi 12:7.
Zvisinei, Jehovha ainge ataurawo kuti mamwe emarudzi aiva munyika iyi aifanira kuparadzwa zvachose. (Dheuteronomio 7:1, 2) Se“Mutongi wenyika yose” akarurama, Jehovha akanga aona zvaiva mumwoyo yevanhu ava uye ainyatsoziva kuipa kwavo uye kuora kwainge kwaita tsika dzavo. (Genesisi 18:25; 1 Makoronike 28:9) Rakabhi anofanira kunge ainzwa sei kurarama muguta rainge rava kuda kuparadzwa? Tinogona kungofungidzira manzwiro aakaita paakanzwa mishumo yezvaiitwa nevaIsraeri. Akanzwa kuti Mwari waIsraeri ainge atungamirira vanhu vake, avo vainge vari varanda vaidzvinyirirwa, kuti vakunde uto reIjipiti raiva nesimba kupfuura dzimwe nyika dzose dzepanguva iyoyo. Parizvino vaIsraeri vakanga vava kuda kurwisa Jeriko! Asi, vanhu vomuguta iri vakaramba vachiita zvakaipa. Tinogona kuona kuti nei Bhaibheri richitaura nezvehama dzaRakabhi dzechiKenani richivati “vaya vasina kuteerera.”—VaHebheru 11:31.
Rakabhi ainge akasiyana nevamwe. Kwemakore akawanda anofanira kunge aifungisisa mishumo yose yaainzwa nezvevaIsraeri uye nezvaMwari wavo Jehovha. Jehovha ainge akanyatsosiyana navanamwari vevaKenani! NdiMwari airwira vanhu vake pane kuvashungurudza, uye aisimudzira pane kudzikisira tsika dzevanamati vake. NdiMwari aikoshesa vakadzi kwete kuvaona sevanhu vokutenga kana kutengesa kuti vangoita zvebonde kana kuti vazvidzwe mukunamata kwakaipa. Rakabhi paakaziva kuti vaIsraeri vainge vadzika misasa mhiri kwaJodhani, vagadzirira kuti vapinde nechisimba muJeriko, anofanira kunge akatya zvikuru achifunga kuti chii chaizoitika kuvanhu vemunyika yake. Jehovha akaona uye akakoshesa zvakanaka zvaifungwa naRakabhi here?
Mazuva ano pane vakawanda vakaita saRakabhi. Vanoona sokuti hapana chavanokwanisa kuita kuti vasiye mararamiro avo ayo anoita kuti vasafara uye vazvione sevasingakoshi, zvokuti vanofunga kuti hapana anombovaonawo sevanhu. Zvakaitika kuna Rakabhi zvinonyaradza nokuti zvinoratidza kuti Mwari anokoshesa munhu wese. Pasinei nokuti takaora mwoyo zvakadini, Mwari haasi “kure nomumwe nomumwe wedu.” (Mabasa 17:27) Ari pedyo, akagadzirira uye anoda chaizvo kupa tariro kune vose vanotenda maari. Rakabhi akatenda muna Mwari here?
AKAGAMUCHIRA VASORI
VaIsraeri vasati vatanga kutenderera Jeriko, rimwe zuva pasuo raRakabhi pakasvika varume vaviri vaaisaziva. Varume ava vaifunga kuti vaizofamba nomuguta racho pasina avaona, asi vanhu vakanga vasina kugadzikana muguta iri, vachingwaririra kuti vaone chero tsori dzaibva kuvaIsraeri. Rakabhi uyo ainge akangwaririra, angangodaro akakurumidza kuziva varume ava. Zvaisava zvitsva kuti pasuo rake pasvike varume vaasingazivi, asi varume ava vainge vasina kuvinga basa raiitwa naRakabhi, vaingotsvaka pokugara.
Varume vaviri ava vaitova tsori dzaibva mumusasa wevaIsraeri. Joshua, mutungamiriri wavo akanga avatuma kunoongorora guta reJeriko. Iri raiva guta rokutanga revaKenani iro vaIsraeri vaida kupinda nechisimba uye zvichida ndiro raiva rakasimba kupfuura mamwe ose. Joshua aida kuziva kuti iye neuto rake vaizotarisana nehondo yakadini. Hapana mubvunzo kuti tsori idzi dzakasarudza imba yaRakabhi dzichiziva. Sezvo yaiva imba yepfambi, vashanyi vaigona kungopfuura vasina kuonekwa. Zvichida tsori idzi dzaitarisira kunzwa mashoko aizodzibatsira aizotaurwa nevaya vainge vasina kungwarira.
Bhaibheri rinoti, Rakabhi ‘akagamuchira nhume zvakanaka.’ (Jakobho 2:25) Akavagamuchira mumba make, ndokuvabvumira kuti vagare kunyange zvazvo ainyumwira kuti vaiva vanaani uye kuti vakanga vavingei. Zvichida aitarisira kudzidza zvakawanda nezvaMwari wavo Jehovha.
Pasina nguva, nhume dzaibva kuna mambo weJeriko dzakasvika! Shoko rainge rapararira rokuti tsori dzaibva kuvaIsraeri dzainge dzapinda muimba yaRakabhi. Rakabhi aizoita sei? Kana aizochengetedza varume ava, aisazoisa upenyu hwake nehwemhuri yake pangozi here? Vanhu vomuJeriko vaisazouraya iye nemhuri yake here kana akachengetedza vavengi ava? Asiwo Rakabhi ainge ava kuziva kuti varume ava ndivanaani. Kana ainge ava kutoziva kuti Jehovha aiva Mwari ari nani zvikuru kupfuura mwari wake, aigona here kushandisa mukana uyu kuti atsigire Jehovha?
Rakabhi aisava nenguva yekufunga, asi aiva akachenjera uye akaona zvokuita nokukurumidza. Akaviga tsori idzi pakati pemashanga omufurakisi aakanga akaronga padenga reimba yake kuti aome. Akabva ataura nenhume dzaibva kuna mambo achiti: “Chokwadi, varume vacho vauya kwandiri, asi handina kuziva kwavanga vachibva. Varume vacho vabuda kwasviba, gedhi rava kuvharwa. Handimbozivi kuti varume vacho vaenda kupi. Kurumidzai kuvatevera nokuti muchavabata.” (Joshua 2:4, 5) Fungidzira uchiona Rakabhi akatarisa zviso zvenhume dzamambo. Ainetseka here kana nhume idzi dzaiona kuti akanga asina kugadzikana?
Zano rake rakashanda! Nhume dzamambo dzakabva dzatevera dzakananga kumazambuko aJodhani. (Joshua 2:7) Rakabhi anofanira kunge akatura befu. Achishandisa zano riri nyore, Rakabhi akanyepera varume ava vaida zvokuuraya, avo vainge vasina kodzero yokuziva chokwadi, uye akachengetedza vashumiri vaJehovha vaiva vasina mhosva.
Nokukurumidza, Rakabhi akadzokera padenga reimba yake ndokuudza tsori mbiri idzi zvaainge aita. Akataurawo chimwe chinhu chaikosha chokuti: Vanhu vokwake vainge vapererwa uye vaitya vaIsraeri zvisingaiti. Mashoko aya akanaka anofanira kunge akafadza tsori idzi. VaKenani vakaipa ava vainge vava kutya zvikuru simba raJehovha, Mwari wevaIsraeri! Rakabhi akazotaurawo chimwe chinhu chinokosha zvikuru kwatiri. Akati: “Jehovha Mwari wenyu ndiMwari kumatenga ari kumusoro nepanyika iri pasi.” (Joshua 2:11) Zvaakanga anzwa nezvaJehovha zvakamubatsira kuziva kuti: Aifanira kuvimba naMwari wevaIsraeri. Rakabhi akatenda muna Jehovha.
Rakabhi akanga asina mubvunzo kuti Jehovha aizoita kuti vanhu vake vakunde. Saka akakumbira kunzwirwa ngoni kuti aponeswe pamwe chete nemhuri yake. Tsori dzacho dzakabvuma, ndokumuudza zvakajeka kuti aisafanira kuudza mumwe munhu nezvadzo uye kuti aifanira kuisa tambo tsvuku pahwindo reimba yake pamadziro eguta racho kuitira kuti uto revaIsraeri rimuchengetedze pamwe chete nemhuri yake.—Joshua 2:12-14, 18.
Tinogona kudzidza chokwadi chinokosha pakutenda kwakaratidzwa naRakabhi. Bhaibheri rinoti, “kutenda kunotevera chinhu chakanzwiwa.” (VaRoma 10:17) Akanzwa mashoko akarurama nezvesimba uye kururamisira kwaJehovha Mwari, zvikamuita kuti avimbe naye uye atende maari. Mazuva ano, tine zivo yakawanda zvikuru nezvaJehovha. Tichaedza kumuziva uye kutenda maari zvichibva pane zvatinodzidza muShoko rake Bhaibheri here?
RUSVINGO RWAKASIMBA RWUNOKOROMOKA
Dzichitevera zano raRakabhi, tsori mbiri idzi dzakadzika rusvingo rweJeriko dzichishandisa tambo yaiva pahwindo raRakabhi, ndokuverevedza dzakananga kumakomo. Kwaiva nemapako akawanda kumawere aiva kuchamhembe kweJeriko uko tsori idzi dzaikwanisa kuhwanda kusvikira dzava kukwanisa kudzokera kumusasa wevaIsraeri, dziine mashoko akanaka adzainge dzawana kuna Rakabhi.
Pashure, vanhu vomuJeriko vakadedera nokutya zvikuru pavakanzwa kuti Jehovha ainge aita chishamiso chokumisa mvura yeRwizi rwaJodhani kuti vaIsraeri vapfuure nepakaoma. (Joshua 3:14-17) Asi mashoko aya akatoita kuti Rakabhi awedzere kuva nechokwadi chokuti kutenda kwake muna Jehovha kwainge kwakakodzera.
Iye zvino vaIsraeri vakatanga kutenderera guta reJeriko kamwe chete pazuva, kwemazuva matanhatu. Zuva rechinomwe rakasvika, asi rainge rakasiyana nemamwe. Sezvambotaurwa kwatangira nyaya ino, kutenderera uku kwakatanga mangwanani-ngwanani uye pashure pokunge uto iri ratenderera guta racho kekutanga, rakaramba richingotenderera guta reJeriko. (Joshua 6:15) Chii chaiitwa neuto revaIsraeri?
Parakatenderera guta kechinomwe pazuva rechinomwe, uto revaIsraeri rakabva ramira. Hwamanda dzakamira kurira. Kwakabva kwava norunyararo. Vanhu vanofanira kunge vaiva vasisina kugadzikana muguta. Zvadaro, Joshua akaudza uto rake kuti rishevedzere uye rakashevedzera kekutanga, richishevedzera nenzwi guru kwazvo. Varindi vaiva pamusoro pemasvingo eguta reJeriko vakafunga kuti kushevedzera uku yaiva nzira itsva yokurwisa here? Kana zvakadaro, hazvina kuvatorera nguva kuti vazive kuti chii chaiitika. Rusvingo rwakakura urwu rwakatanga kuzununguka. Rwakazununguka, ruchitsemuka, uye rwakakoromokera pasi! Guruva parakapera, chimwe chikamu cherusvingo rweguta iri chakasara chakamira. Imba yaRakabhi haina kuwa, nokuti akanga atenda muna Jehovha. Chimbofungidzira kuti akanzwa sei paakaona kuti Jehovha ainge amudzivirira! * Mhuri yake yakanga yadzivirirwawo!—Joshua 6:10, 16, 20, 21.
Vanhu vaJehovha vakaremekedzawo Rakabhi nemhaka yokutenda kwake. Pavakaona kuti pane imwe imba yakasara yakamira muungwandangwanda hweguta, vakaziva kuti Jehovha ainge adzivirira mukadzi uyu. Rakabhi nemhuri yake vakadzivirirwa pakuparadzwa kweguta iri raiva rakaipa. Pashure pehondo iyi, Rakabhi akabvumidzwa kugara pedyo nemusasa wevaIsraeri. Nokufamba kwenguva, Rakabhi akazobatana nevanhu vechiJudha. Akaroorwa nemurume ainzi Sarimoni. Mwanakomana wavo ainzi Bhoazi akazova murume ane kutenda kunoshamisa. Akaroora Rute muMoabhi. * (Rute 4:13, 22) Mambo Dhavhidhi naJesu Kristu, uyo akazova Mesiya, vakabva nemudzinza remhuri iyi yaiva nekutenda kunoshamisa.—Joshua 6:22-25; Mateu 1:5, 6, 16.
Nyaya yaRakabhi inotiratidza kuti munhu wese anokosha kuna Jehovha. Anotiona tose, anoona zviri mumwoyo yedu uye anofara paanoona kuti tine kutenda sezvaakaita kuna Rakabhi. Kutenda kwaRakabhi kwakamuita kuti aite chimwe chinhu. Bhaibheri rinoti, akanzi “akarurama nemabasa.” (Jakobho 2:25) Zvechokwadi, kuchenjera kutevedzera kutenda kwaRakabhi!
^ ndima 27 Zvinofadza kuti Jehovha akaita maererano nezvainge zvavimbiswa Rakabhi netsori mbiri.
^ ndima 28 Kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezvaRute naBhoazi, ona nyaya dzakanzi “Tevedzera Kutenda Kwavo” muNharireyomurindi yaJuly 1 naOctober 1, 2012.


text:
CIPAUKO 5
Muripo
—Cipo Cikuru-kuru ca Mwari
Muripo i cinyi?
Wakapekejeswa kudini?
Ungarevenyi kwamuri?
Mungakhombijisa kudini kubongesea kwenyu ngo muripo?
1, 2. (a) Kwamuri, cicinyi cinoitisa kuti cipo cive cino mutengo mukuru? (b) Ngenyi tingananga kuti muripo i cipo co mutengo mukuru camakamboashira?
CIPO capicikuru-kuru camakamboashira? Azvivetehwi kuti cipo cive cinodhura kuti cive cinosisira. Zvokadi, mutengo wokadi wo cipo aupimwi ngo mare. Kusiapo, cipo cikava cinomuviisira mudakaro kana cinogutisa cido cenyu mu upenyu, icona cino mutengo mukuru kwamuri.
2 Pakati po zvipo zvizinji zvamakambovetera kuashira, pana cimwe cinopinda zvese zvimweni. I cipo ca Mwari kuno vandhu vese. Jehovha wakatipa zviro zvizinji, asi cipo cake cikuru-kuru ngo co muripo wo kujipira wo Mwana wake, Jesu Kristu. (Verenganyi Mateu 20:28.) Inga zvaticazovona mu cipauko cino, muripo i cipo co mutengo mukuru kamare camungaashira, ngo kuti iwona ungamuviisira mudakaro ucikanangiki zve ungagutisa zvido zvenyu zvinosisira maningi. Zvokadi, muripo i cikhombiso cikuru-kuru co rudo hwa Jehovha kwamuri.
MURIPO I CINYI?
3. Muripo i cinyi, zve zvicinyi zvatinodikana kuzwisisa kuti tibongeseye cipo ici co mutengo mukuru?
3 Ngo manangiro akareruka, muripo i njira ya Jehovha yo kupokonyora kana kuponesa vandhu vese kubva ku cishaishi no rufu. (VaEfeso 1:7) Kuti tizwisise zvinoda kureva jijiso iyi yo Bhaibheri, tinodikana kurangarira zvakaitika sure mu munda wo Edheni. Tingakwanisa kuzwisisa kuti ngenyi muripo uno mutengo mukuru basi kudari tikatanga tazwisisa zvakaruza Adhamu paakashaisha.
4. Upenyu wakakwana waida kurevenyi kuna Adhamu?
4 Paakarura Adhamu, Jehovha wakamupa ciro cimweni cinosisira maningi—upenyu wakakwana. Vonanyi zvazvaireva kuna Adhamu. Ngo kuitwa no muviri pomwe no murangariro wakakwana, iyena aacaizogumepi pa kuhwaja, kuita harahwa, kana kufa. Inga mundhu wakakwana, iyena wainga no ushamwari unosisira na Jehovha. Bhaibheri rinonanga kuti Adhamu wainga “mwana wa Mwari.” (Luka 3:38) Ngo kudaro Adhamu waibusa ushamwari wo phedo na Jehovha Mwari, ushamwari wakadari inga wo mwana na baba vano rudo. Jehovha waidavijana no mwana wake uwu wo pasi pano, ecimugaja mabasa anodakajisa zve ecimubvunjavo zvaaivetehwa kuna Adhamu.
5. Bhaibheri rinoda kurevenyi rikananga kuti Adhamu wakaitwa “ngo muezaniso” wa Mwari?
5 Adhamu wakaitwa “ngo muezaniso” wa Mwari. (Genesi 1:27) Izvi azvidi kureva kuti Adhamu waitojana na Mwari mu mavonekero. Inga zvatakajija pa Cipauko 1 co bhuku rino, Jehovha i Mujimu ucikavoneki. (Johani 4:24) Ngo kudaro Jehovha aana muviri wo nyama no ngazi. Kuitwa ngo muezaniso wa Mwari zvinoreva kuti Adhamu wakaruhwa no mugariro jakatojana no ja Mwari, mukubatanijavo rudo, uzivi, urungami zve simba. Adhamu waiezana na Baba wake mu njira imweni inosisira maningi yo kuva no rusujunuko o kujikhetera. Ngo kudaro, Adhamu aacaivepi inga mucini unokwanisa basi kuita zviani zvawakanasiririhwa kana zvaakarongehwa kuti uite. Kusiapo, iyena waizokwanisa kuita zvisungo zvake pacake, wakasanwa cakanaka no cakashata. Kudari akasana kuzwira Mwari, iyena waizorarama kwenda no kwenda mu Paradhiso pasi pano.
6. Adhamu paakashaishira Mwari, cicinyi caakaruza? Zve zvakapsasisa kudini mubarihwana wake?
6 Zvakajeka kuti Adhamu paakatama kuzwira Mwari wotongehwa kufa, iyena wakaripa mutengo wakakura kamare. Cishaishi cake cakamuitisa kuti aruze upenyu hwake hwakakwana no makomborero ahwo ese. (Genesi 3:17-19) Zvinosuruvarisa ngo zvokuti, Adhamu wakaruza upenyu hwakaperera, haiwa basi kwaari iyena, asi kuno mubarihwana wake wo kumbeji. Soko ra Mwari rinoti: “Kudari inga hwakangwina uxaixi mu nyika yo pasi ngo ndava yo mundhu umwe [Adhamu], ngo uxaixi hwongwinavo rufu; ndibzonavo bzondhobzo rufu hwakagumira vandhu vese, ngokuti vese vakaxaixa.” (VaRoma 5:12) Hina, tese takagara utaka ku cishaishi ca Adhamu. Ngokudaro, Bhaibheri rinonanga kuti “wakatengeswa” iyena pacake no mubarihwana wake ku uranda hwo cishaishi no rufu. (VaRoma 7:14) Akuna vetero kuna Adhamu na Evha ngo kuti ivona vakashaishira Mwari ngo cabomo. Asi tingati kudinivo no mubarihwana wake, kubatanijavo na itusu?
7, 8. Muripo unopekeja murangariro wo zviro zviviri zvapi?
7 Jehovha wakasunga kununura vandhu vese ngo kushandisa muripo. Muripo i cinyi? Gama ro muripo rinopekeja murangariro wo zviro zviviri. Cokutanga, muripo i mare ingariphwa kuitira kubudisa kana kutengazve ciro. Ingaezanisihwa no mare ingatoriphwa kuitira kusujunura musungwa wo hondo. Cocipiri, muripo i mare inofukija, kana kutenga mutengo wo ciro. Zvakafanana no mare inofukija zviro zvakamosheka. Inga muezaniso, kudari mundhu akabara ngozi, iyena anodikana kuripa mutengo wakaezana kamare no wamoshekaro.
8 Zvingaitikisa kudini kufukija mutengo watakaruzari tese ngo pamusoro pa Adhamu, zve tosujunuhwa kubva mu uranda hwo cishaishi no rufu? Imanyi tivone muripo wakapa Jehovha, zve zvaunoreva kwamuri.
JEHOVHA WAKAPEKEJESA KUDINI MURIPO?
9. Mushovonyi wo muripo waidiwa?
9 Zvecivoneka kuti pakaruzika upenyu wakakwana, apana mundhu wainga acizivi kukwana waikwanisa kuviisazve upenyu uhu. (Nduyo 49:8, 9) Paidiwa muripo uno mutengo wakaezanana no wakaruzikaya. Izvi zvinozwirana no ciambi co urungami hwakakwana cinowanika mu Soko ra Mwari cinoti: “Kurarama kunoripihwa ngo kurarama.” (Deuteronòmio 19:21) Waro cicinyi caizofukija mutengo wo upenyu hwo mundhu wakakwana, hwakaruzaya Adhamu? Paidiwa upenyu umweni hwo mundhu wakakwana waizova muripo wakaezanana.
10. Jehovha wakapekejesa kudini muripo?
10 Jehovha wakapekejesa kudini muripo? Iyena wakagaja umwe wo Mwana wake wo kumujimu wakakwana kuti aviye pasi pano. Asi Jehovha aazivi kutumira hake cisikwa co kumujimuvo haco. Iyena wakatumira Mwana wake umwe ega waisisira maningi. (Verenganyi 1 Johani 4:9, 10.) Mwana uwu wakasia muzi wake wo mugore ngo mwoyo wese. (VaFilipi 2:7) Inga zvatakajija mu cipauko caperari, Jehovha wakaita cishamiso paakathuthisa upenyu hwo Mwana wake kuendesa mu ndani ma Maria. Ngo kushandisa Mujimu mucena wa Mwari, Jesu wakabahwa inga mundhu wakakwana aciripi pasi po cishaishi.
11. Zvingaitisa kudini kuti mundhu umwe ashande inga muripo wo zviuru no zviuru zvo vandhu?
11 Zvingaitisa kudini kuti mundhu umwe ashande inga muripo wo zviuru no zviuru zvo vandhu? Hina, waro zvakaitisa kudini kuti zviuru no zviuru zvo vandhu zvive vashaishi pakutanga? Mucakanganwa kuti ngo kushaisha, Adhamu wakaruza upenyu hwakakwana hwaainga naho. Ngokudaro, aacaikwanisepi kuusiira mubarihwana wake. Caakakwanisa kuvasiira, cishaishi no rufu basi. Jesu anonangwa ngo Bhaibheri inga “Adamu wokupejisira,” wainga no upenyu hwakakwana, zve aazivi kumboshaisha. (1 VaKorinto 15:45) Ngo njira imweni Jesu wakafakeya Adhamu kuitira kuti atiponese. Ngokupira upenyu hwake hwakakwana, mukuzwira Mwari, Jesu wakaripa cishaishi ca Adhamu. Ngokudaro Jesu wakaviisa vetero kuno mubarihwanawaAdhamu.
12. Matambujiko a Jesu akavonesenyi?
12 Bhaibheri rinosanangura ngo zvimuthyandya-muthyandya zvo matambujiko akacungirihwa ndi Jesu acito akafa. Iyena wakasungwa zvainyangaja maningi wotakwa zvocishatihwa zve wova mu rufu waihwaja maningi pa mutanda wo kutambujikira. (Johani 19:1, 16-18, 30; Musoro wo Masoko o Kuengejera, unoti: “Ngenyi Vanamati Vokadi-kadi Avashandisi Ciphambano pa Kunamata.”) Ngenyi zvaidikana kuti Jesu atambujiswe kudaro? Mucipauko cinotevera tinozojija kuti Sathana wakaphikiza kuti Jehovha wainga no vandhu vanomushandira vangaramba vakagondeka pamuejo. Ngo kucungirira mukugondeka pikija ecitambujika, Jesu wakapa mupinguro wakanaka maningi wo kuphikiza ka Sathana. Jesu wakavonesa kuti mundhu wakakwana ano rusununguko hwo kuzvikhetera angaramba akagondeka kwakakwana kuna Mwari, azvinenyi no zvingaita Sathana. Jehovha angafanea kuva akadakara maningi ngo kugondeka ko Mwana wake anodiwa!
13. Muripo wakaripiswa kudini?
13 Muripo wakaripiswa kudini? Mu njiku yo 14 ya Nisani mweji wo ciJudha mu gore 33 N.V.Y., Mwari wakatendera kuti Mwana wake wakakwana, acina cishaishi, auraiwe. Jesu wakapira upenyu hwake hwakaperera “kamwe basi.” (Vaheberi 10:10) Mu njiku yo citatu Jesu naafa, Jehovha wakamumusirazve mu upenyu hwo kumujimu. Jesu ari kudenga, wakapekeja Mwari mutengo wo upenyu wo mundhu wakakwana wakapihwa inga muripo wo kucinjanisa ku mu barihwana wa Adhamu. (Vaheberi 9:24) Jehovha wakaashira mutengo waidika wo kujipira ka Jesu inga muripo kuti uponese vandhu vese mu uranda wo cishaishi no rufu.
MURIPO UWU UNGAREVENYI KWAMURI?
14, 15. Kuti tiashire “kukungurihwa ko uxaixi” hwedu, tinodikana kuitenyi?
14 Pikija tiri mu ushaishi, itisu tingabusa makomborero o mutengo mukuru maningi o muripo. Imanyi tivone besero ra nyamasi no ro kumbeji ro cipo ca Mwari ici.
15 Kukungurihwa zvishaishi. Zvecivoneka kuti tiri vandhu vacizivi kukwana, itusu tinodikana kuhwa kamare kuti tiite zvakanaka. Tese tinoshaisha mu magama no zviito. Asi ngo kushandisa muripo wo kujipira ka Jesu, itisu tingaashira “kukungurihwa ko uxaixi” hwedu. (VaKolosi 1:13, 14) Asi kuti tiwane kukungurihwa uku, tinodikana kunasa kukhauya kamare. Tinodikanavo kudaninjira kuna Jehovha mu kujidodokesa, tecikumbira kuti atikungurire zvinozwirana no gonda redu ku muripo wo kujipira ko Mwana wake.
16. Cicinyi cinotiitisa kuti tikwanise kunamata Mwari no hana yakacena, zve ngo wapi mutengo uno hana iyi?
16 Hana yakacena pamberi pa Mwari. Hana inojipumbha, ngo kukasika ingatungamirira pa kutama vetero zve zvotiita kuti tizwe inga ticina mutengo. Kubva pa kukungunurira kunoviswa ngo muripo, ngo nyasha, Jehovha wakatiita kuti tikwanise kumunamata no hana yakacena zvicinenyi no kutama kukwana kwedu. (Vaheberi 9:13, 14, NM) Izvi zvakaitisa kuti tive takasujunuka pa kuvereketa na Jehovha. Ngo kudaro, tingatomukhwederera takasujunuka mu mukumbiro. (Vaheberi 4:14-16) Kuramba tino hana yakacena kunotipa runyararo wo murangariro, tojireremeja, zve todakara.
17. Makomborero api akakwanisika ngo pamusoro po kutifira ka Jesu?
17 Vetero yo upenyu ucikaperi mu paradhiso pasi pano.VaRoma 6:23 inoti: “Mupocero wo uxaixi, rufu.” Bvesi yondhoi inoengejerazve yeciti: “Kaveta cipo ca Mwari, uhomi hucikaperi, ngo njio ya Kristu Jesu Tenji wedu.” Mu Cipauko co 3 co bhuku rino, takabhuya ngo makomborero o kuviya ko paradhiso pasi pano. (Apokalipsi 21:3, 4) Makomborero o kumbeji ese aya, kubatanija upenyu ucikaperi mu uhomi hwakakwana, zvakakwanisika ngo kuti Jesu wakatifira. Kuti tiaashire makomborero aya, tinodikana kukhombijira kuti tinobongesea cipo co muripo.
MUNGAKHOMBIJISA KUDINI KUBONGESEA KWENYU?
18. Ngenyi tinodikana kubongesea kuna Jehovha ngo ndava yo nasiriro yo muripo?
18 Ngenyi tinodikana kubongesea kamare kuna Jehovha ngo pamusoro po muripo? Cipo, cino mutengo mukuru, maningi-ningi pacinonga cecibatanija kushandisa nguva, simba kana mare, zvawiana anopa. Mwoyo wedu unopsaswa patinovona cikhombijiro co rudo hwokadi-kadi hwo mupi. Muripo i cipo co mutengo mukuru kamare cinopinda zvipo zvese, ngo kuti Mwari wakapira zvizinji kuti ape cipo ici. Johani 3:16 inoti: “Mwari wakadisa nyika yo pasi, kokuti wakapa Mwana wake umwe ega.” Mupiro i cikhombijiro cikuru kamare co rudo hwa Jehovha kwatiri. Ihwona hunokhombijavo rudo hwa Jesu ngo kuti iyena no cido cese wakapira upenyu hwake kuitira itusu. (Verenganyi Johani 15:13.) Ngo kudaro, cipo co muripo cinodikana kukhohwesa kuti Jehovha no Mwana wake ano rudo kuno umwe nga umwe wedu.
19, 20. I njira japi jamungakhombija ndijona kuti munobongesea ngo cipo ca Mwari co muripo?
19 Hino, Mungakhombijisa kudini kuti munobongesea cipo ca Mwari co muripo? Cokutanga, zivanyi Mupi Mukuru-kuru, Jehovha. (Johani 17:3) Kujija Bhaibheri mecibesehwa ngo bhuku rino, kucamubesera kuita zvondhozvo. Pamunoguma pakuziva Jehovha, rudo hwenyu kwaari unozojika. Inga muvio, rudo hwondhohwo ucazomuita kuti mude kumudakajisa.
20 Khombijanyi rutendo ku muripo wo kujipira wa Jesu. Zvinonangwa kudari ngo pamusoro pa Jesu: “Ndiani anotenda Mwana ano uhomi hucingaperi.” (Johani 3:36) Tingakhombijisa kudini rutendo kuna Jesu? Rutendo uhwo ahukhombijwi basi ngo magama. Jakobo 2:26 inoti: “Rutendovo hucina bziito hunofavo.” Hina, rutendo wokadi-kadi, unokhombijwa ngo “zviito”, kana kuti, ngo mabasa edu. Njira imwe yo kukhombija kuti tino rutendo kuna Jesu, ngo yo kuita mbhera patinokwanisa kuti timutevejere, haiwa basi mu zviana zvatinonanga, asi mu zviana zvatinoita.
21, 22. (a) Ngenyi tinodikana kuva pa ciitiko co gore ngo gore co Majiisa o Cirariro ca Tenji? (b) Zvicinyi zvicazosananguhwa pa Cipauko co 6 no 7?
21 Ivanyi pa Majiisa o Cirariro ca Tenji co gore ngo gore. Pa majiisa o njiku 14 yo mweji wa Nisani yo 33 N.V.Y., Jesu wakatangisa kuita ciitiko cinosisira cinodanijwa ngo Bhaibheri kuti “Cirariro ca Tenji.” (1 VaKorinto 11:20, Mateu 26:26-28) Ciitiko ici cinodanijwavo kuti Cirangarijo co kufa ka Tenji. Jesu wakacigaja kuitira kubesera vapostori vake no maKristu okadi-kadi aizovia sure kwavo kuti ave no murangariro wo kuti, ngo kufa kwake inga mundhu wakakwana, Jesu wakapa upenyu hwake, kana mwiha, inga muripo. Ngo pamusoro po ciitiko ico, Jesu wakapa mutemo uwu: “Itanyi ibzi mucindiceukijira.” (Luka 22:19) Kuva pa Cirangarijo zvinoticeukijira ngo pamusoro po rudo hwakakhombijwa ndi Jehovha na Jesu hwakabatana no muripo. Itusu tingakhombija kubongesea kwedu ngo muripo ngo kuvavo pa ciitiko co gore ngo gore co Cirangarijo co kufa ka Jesu. *
22 Nasiriro ya Jehovha yo muripo, zvokadi, i cipo co mutengo mukuru kamare. (2 VaKorinto 9:14, 15) Cipo ici co mutengo mukuru cingabesera pikija vayani vakafa. Zvipauko 6 no 7 zvinozosanangura kuti zvingaitikisa kudini.
^ ndim. 21 Kuti muwane masoko mazinji ngo pamusoro po zvinoda kureva Majiisa o cirariro ca Tenji, vonanyi musoro wo Masoko Okuengejera, unoti: “Majiisa o Cirariro ca Tenji—Ciceukijo Cinokuja Mwari.”


text:
CIPAUKO 4
Jesu Kristu Ndiyani?
1, 2. (a) Munonasa kuziva kamare mundhu ano nduma, ngo kuti munoziva zina rake basi here? Durujiranyi. (b) Vandhu vanoti kudini ngo pamusoro pa Jesu?
MUNYIKAMUNO muno vandhu vakawanda maningi vano nduma. Kangaije munotoziva mazina o vandhu vanganani vano nduma. Asi kuziva zina basi, azvirevi kuti munonasa kumuziva kamare. Azvirevi kuti munoziva zvese ngo pamusoro po upenyu hwake kana kuziva kuti iyena i mundhu wo mushovonyi.
2 Makambozwa ngo pamusoro pa Jesu, pikija akararama pasi pano kare sure ko makore 2.000 akapera. Asi vandhu vazinji avamuzivi kuti Jesu wainga akaita mundhu wo mushovonyi. Vamweni vanonanga kuti iyena wainga mundhu wakanaka, vamweni vanonanga kuti iyena wainga muporofeti, vamweni vanonanga kuti iyena ndi Mwari. Munovonavo kudini?—Vonanyi Masoko o Kupejisira civerengo 12.
3. Ngenyi zvinosisira maningi kuti muzive Jehovha Mwari na Jesu Kristu?
3 Zvinosisira maningi kuti muzive cokwadi ngo pamusoro pa Jesu. Ngenyi? Bhaibheri rinotibvunja kuti: “Uhomi hucingaperi nga uhu: kuti vamuzive imwimwi, Mwari umwe ega wokadi-kadi, na wiya wakatumwa ndimwi: Jesu Kristu.” (Johani 17:3) Hina, kudari mukaziva cokwadi ngo pamusoro pa Jehovha na Jesu, mungararama mbhera na rini mu paradhiso pasi pano. (Johani 14:6) Zvimwenizve, Kuziva Jesu kunozomubesera ngo kuti iyena i muezaniso wakanaka wo mararamire atingaita no matajire atingaita vamweni. (Johani 13:34, 35) Mu Cipauko 1, takajija cokwadi ngo pamusoro pa Mwari. Wari tiri kuda kujija kuti Bhaibheri rinojijisenyi ngo pamusoro pa Jesu.
TAKAWANA MESIA!
4. Magama o kuti “Mesia” zve “Kristu” anorevenyi?
4 Mu makore mazinji Jesu acito abahwa, Jehovha wakagondesa mu Bhaibheri kuti waizotumira Mesia, kana kuti Kristu. Gama ro kuti “Mesia,” rinobva mu ndumi yo ciHebheru, zve gama ro kuti “Kristu,” rinobva mu ciGiriki. Mazina okuti Mesia kana kuti Kristu anoreva kuti Mwari anozosana Mesia wakagondeswa zve womupekeja cigaro cinosisira maningi. Mesia anozoita kuti zvigondiso zva Mwari zvese zvikwanirisike. Jesu angatomubeseravo wari uno. Asi Jesu acito abahwa, vandhu vazinji vaibvunjisa kuti: ‘Ndiyani anozova Mesia?’
5. Vajiji va Jesu vakamuziva kuti iyena wainga Mesia here?
5 Vajiji va Jesu avazivi kuphikiza kuti iyena wainga Mesia wakagondeswa. (Johani 1:41) Inga muezaniso, Simoni Pedru wakabvunja Jesu kuti: “Imwimwi muri Kristu.” (Mateu 16:16) Tingaitisa kudini kuti tive no cokwadi co kuti Jesu ndi Mesia?
6. Zvicinyi zvakaita Jehovha kuti abesere vandhu vakanaka kuti vazive Mesia?
6 Kare Jesu acito abahwa, vaporofeti va Mwari vakatara zvakawanda maningi zvaizobesera vandhu kuti vazive Mesia. Zvingabeseresa kudini? Ngatiti makumbihwa kuti muende kootora mundhu wamucikazivi ari pakazara vandhu. Kudari mukapuwa masoko aushoni ngo pamusoro po mundhuwo, maizokwanisa kumuwana. Mukufananavo, Jehovha wakashandisa vaporofeti vake kuti vatibvunje zvaizoita Mesia pomwe no zvaizomuitikira. Kukwanirisika ko zviporofita izvi, kunobesera vandhu vakanaka kuti vazive kuti Jesu ndi Mesia.
7. Ngozvapi zviporofita zviviri zvinovonesa kuti Jesu ndi Mesia?
7 Ngativone zviporofita zviviri. Cokutanga, 700 o makore Jesu acito abahwa, Mika wakaporofita kuti Mesia waizobarihwa mu cidhorobha cidoko co Bheterehema. (MIKEYA 5:1) Ndikona kamare kwakabarihwa Jesu! (Mateu 2:1, 3-9) Cocipiri, Danieri wakaporofita kuti Mesia waizovia mu gore 29 N.V.Y. (Danieli 9:25) Izvi i zviporofita zviviri basi pakati po zviporofita zvizinji zvinovonesa kuti Jesu ndi Mesia wakagondeswa.—Vonanyi Masoko o Kupejisira civerengo 13.
8, 9. Zvicinyi zvakaitika pa kubhabhatijwa ka Jesu zvakakhombija kuti iyena ndi Mesia?
8 Jehovha wainga akazvijekesa kuti Jesu ndi Mesia. Mwari wakagondesa kuti waizopekeja citatijo kuna Johani mu Bhabhatiji kuti azive Mesia. Jesu paakaenda kuna Johani kuti abhabhatijwe mu Murambo wo Jorodhani mu gore ro 29 N.Y.Y., Johani wakavona citatijo. Bhaibheri rinotibvunja zvakaitika: “Naapera kubapatizwa, Jesu wakabuda mu kumwa. Gore rakazauka [kovari], wakavoneka Mwiha wa Mwari wecibzuka inga njiva, womata panyezuru pake. Kwakazika izwi ro mugore, reciti: ‘Nga uu mwana wangu anodikana, wiya anondidakajisa.’” (Mateu 3:16, 17) Johani paakavona no kuzwa zvitatijo izvi, iyena wakaziva kuti Jesu wainga Mesia. (Johani 1:32-34) Munjiku iyi, Jehovha paakadurura mujimu wake kuna Jesu, Jesu wakava Mesia. Iyena wainga ari wiya wainga akasanwa ndi Mwari kuti ave Mutungamiriri zve Mambo.—Isaia 55:4.
9 Zviporofita zvo Bhaibheri, soko ra Jehovha pacake pomwe no zvitatijo zvakapekeja Jehovha pa kubhabhatijwa kwa Jesu zvakavonesa kuti Jesu ndi Mesia. Asi Jesu wakabva kwapi, zve iyena wainga ari ani? Imanyi tivone kuti Bhaibheri rinonangenyi.
JESU WAKABVA KWAPI?
10. Bhaibheri rinojijisenyi ngo pamusoro po upenyu hwa Jesu acito aviya pasi pano?
10 Bhaibheri rinojijisa kuti Jesu wakararama kudenga kare acito avia pasi pano. Mika wakananga kuti maambo a Mesia ngo “o kare.” (Mikeya 5:1) Jesu wakananga pacake kuti wakamborarama kudenga kare acito akabahwa inga mundhu. (Verenganyi Johani 3:13; 6:38, 62; 17:4, 5) Pikija acito aviya pasi pano, Jesu wainga no ushamwari hwaisisira na Jehovha.
11. Ngenyi Jesu anosisira maningi kuna Jehovha?
11 Jesu anosisira maningi kuna Jehovha. Ngenyi? Ngokuti Mwari wakarura Jesu acito arura ciri cese haco kana ari wese. Ngokudaro Jesu anodaninjwa kuti “dangwe ro bzisikwa bzese.” * (VaKolosi 1:15) Jesu anosisira maningi kuna Jehovha ngokuti ndiyena ega basi wakasikwa ndi Jehovha kamare. Ngo zvinoitisa kuti iyena adaninjwe kuti “Mwana umwe ega.” (Johani 3:16) Jesu ndiyenavo ega wakashandiswa ndi Jehovha paainga ecisika zviro zvimweni zvese. (VaKolosi 1:16) Zve Jesu ndiyena ega basi anodaninjwa kuti “Soko,” ngokuti ndiyena wakashandiswa ndi Jehovha kuti apekeje masoko no ndhungamiro kuno ngirozi no vandhu.—Johani 1:14, Shanduro yeNyika Itsva.
12. Tinozvizivisa kudini kuti Jesu na Mwari asipi mundhu umwe?
12 Vandhu vamweni vanodavira kuti Jesu na Jehovha i mundhu umwe. Asi andizvopi zvinojijisa Bhaibheri. Bhaibheri rinonanga kuti Jesu wakaruhwa, izvi zvinovonesa kuti Jesu ano maambo. Asi Jehovha, marure wo zvese, aana maambo. (Nduyo 90:2) Inga Mwana wa Mwari, Jesu aazivi kumborangarira kuva inga Mwari. Bhaibheri rinojijisa zvakajeka kuti Baba mukuru kupinda Mwana. (Verenganyi Johani 14:28; 1 VaKorinto 11:3.) Jehovha basi ndiyena “Mwari wo Simba Rese.” (Genesi 17:1) Iyena mukuru maningi zve i mundhu ano simba kupinda zvese.—Vonanyi Masoko o Kupejisira civerengo 14.
13. Ngenyi Bhaibheri rinonanga kuti Jesu i “muezaniso wa Mwari acikavoneki”?
13 Jehovha no Mwana wake, Jesu, vakashanda pamwepo ko mabhirioni o makore pacito paruhwa denga no nyika. Ivona vaidisana maningi! (Johani 3:35; 14:31) Jesu waitevejera mugariro jakanaka ja baba wake zvokuti Bhaibheri rinomudaninja kuti “muezaniso wa Mwari acikavoneki.”—VaKolosi 1:15.
14. Zvakaitisa kudini kuti Mwana wa Jehovha anosisira abahwe inga mundhu?
14 Mwana wa Jehovha anosisira wainga ano cido co kusia denga wovia kuzobahwa pasi pano inga mundhu. Zvakaitikisa kudini? Jehovha wakaita cishamaiso othuthisa upenyu hwo Mwana wake womudira mu ndani mo mbhandwe inodaninja Maria. Mu njira iyi, Jesu aazivi kuva na baba vo mundhu. Ngo kudaro Maria wakabara mwana wakakwana, zve iyena wakamudanija Jesu.—Luka 1:30-35.
JESU WAINGA MUNDHU WO MUSHOVONYI?
15. Tingaitisa kudini kuti tinase kuziva Jehovha?
15 Mungakwanisa kuverenga zvizinji ngo pamusoro pa Jesu, no upenyu hwake, no mugariro jake ngo kuverenga ma Bhuku o Bhaibheri a Mateu, Marco, Luka, zve Johani. Mabhuku aya anodaninjwa kuti ma Vhangeri. Zvecivoneka kuti Jesu wakatojana na Baba vake, zvamunozoverenga zvinozomubesera kuguma pa kunasa kuziva Jehovha. Ngo zvakaitisa kuti Jesu anange kuti: “Ndiyani anondivona anovonavo Baba.”—Johani 14:9.
16. Jesu waijijisenyi? Ngokwapi kwaibva jijiso ja Jesu?
16 Uzinji hwo vandhu hwaidaninja Jesu kuti “Mujijisi.” (Johani 1:38; 13:13) Cimwe co zviro zvaisisira maningi zvaijijiswa ndi Jesu, kwainga kujijisa “Vangeri ro Umambo.” Icinyi Umambo uhu? Umambo hwa Mwari, utongi hwo kudenga unozotonga pasi pano pese zve unozoviisa makomborero acikaperi kuno vandhu vanozwira Mwari. (Mateu 4:23) Zvese zvaaijijisa Jesu zvaibva kuna Jehovha. Jesu wakati: “Majijisiro angu asipi angu ndega, asi ngha wiya wakandituma.” (Johani 7:16) Jesu waiziva kuti Jehovha waida kuti vandhu vazwe Masoko akanaka o Umambo unozotonga pasi pese.
17. Jesu waijijisa kwapi? Ngenyi waishanda ngo simba kuti ajijise vamweni?
17 Jesu waijijisa kwapi? Kuri kwese kwaaiwana vandhu. Iyena waijijisira mu ndau jakasiyana-siyana jakadari inga muzvitaka, muzvidhorobha, mumabazari, mu ndau jo kunamatira, no mamuzi mo vandhu. Iyena aacaivetera kuti vandhu vaviye kwaari. Kazinji ndiyena waienda kovari. (Marco 6:56; Luka 19:5, 6) Jesu waishanda ngo simba ecipeja nguva zinji ecijijisa vandhu. Ngenyi? Ngo kuti iyena waiziva kuti Mwari waida kuti iyena aite zvondhozvo zve Jesu waizwira Baba vake. (Johani 8:28, 29) Jesu waicumaera ngokuti waizwira usizi kuno vandhu. (Verenganyi Mateu 9:35, 36.) Iyena wakavona kuti vatungamiriri vo zviara avacaijijisepi cokwadi ngo pamusoro pa Mwari no Umambo hwake. Ngokudaro iyena waida kubesera uzinji hwo vandhu kuti vazwe masoko akanaka.
18. Mugariro japi ja Jesu jamunodakarira maningi?
18 Jesu wainga no rudo maningi no vandhu zve waivataja. Iyena wainga akanaka mwoyo zve akareruka kubhuya naye. Pikija vana vadoko vaida kotamba nae. (Marco 10:13-16) Jesu wainga akanaka. Iyena wainyenya uvori no kutama kurungama. (Mateu 21:12, 13) Iyena wakararama pa nguva yo kuti vanakaji avacaitendehwepi kuita zvizinji zve vainga vacikareremejwi. Asi nguva jese Jesu wainasa kutaja vanakaji zve ecivareremeja. (Johani 4:9, 27) Jesu waijidodokesa kamare. Inga muezaniso, pa usiku humweni iyena wakasuka soka jo vapostori vake, zvokuti kazinji zvinoanja kuithwa ngo murekhi.—Johani 13:2-5, 12-17.
19. Muezaniso japi jinokhombija kuti Jesu anoziva zvinodiwa ngo vandhu zve kuti anoda kuvabesa?
19 Jesu waiziva kuti ngozvapi zvinodiwa ngo vandhu, zve iyena waida kuvabesera. Izvi zvakavoneka maningi paakashandisa simba ra Mwari kuti arape vandhu ngo mushamaiso. (Mateu 14:14) Inga muezaniso, mwanarume wainga no mapere wakaenda kuna Jesu zve onanga kuti: “Kudari mecida, mungandirapa.” Jesu wakazwa kuhwajihwa ngo kutambujika ko mwanarume uwu. Iyena wakamuzwira pena zve waida kumubesera. Ngokudaro Jesu wakatambanuja mukono wake, zve omubvunja kuti: “Ndinoda, cenai.” Zve mwanarume waihwajaya wakarapika! (Marco 1:40-42) Mungakwanisa kurangarira kuti mwanarume uwu wakazwa kudini?
WAKAGONDEKA KUNA BABA VAKE NGUVA JESE
20, 21. Ngenyi Jesu muezaniso wakanaka wo kuzwira Mwari?
20 Jesu muezaniso wakanaka wo kuzwira Mwari. Azvinenyi no kuti zvicinyi zvakaitika kana kuti zvakamuitira vavengi vake, iyena wainga akagondeka kuna Baba vake. Inga muezaniso, Sathana paakaeja Jesu, Jesu aazivi kushaisha. (Mateu 4:1-11) Vamweni vo mbhuri ya Jesu avazivi kudavira kuti iyena wainga Mesia zve vainanga kuti: “Yena anopenga,” asi Jesu wakaramba eciita basa ra Mwari. (Marco 3:21) Vavengi vake pavaida kumuuraya, Jesu wairamba akagondeka kuna Mwari zve narini iyena aazivi kuda kuvakhuvaza.—1 Pedru 2:21-23.
21 Pikija Jesu akatambujwa ngo vavengi mbhera kufira munyathwa, iyena wakaramba akagondeka kuna Jehovha. (Verenganyi VaFilipi 2:8.) Rangariranyi zvaaidikana kucungirira pa njiku yo kupejisira yo rufu hwake. Iyena wakasungwa, wakapumbhwa ngo zvapupu zvo kunyepa, wakatongehwa nyathwa ngo vatongi vakashata, wakaizwa jee ngo mbungano yaiita joweyowe, zve masoca akamutambuja zve o mukohomera pa mu tanda wo kutambujikira. Paainga oda kufa iyena wakacema eciti: “Bzese bzapera!” (Johani 19:30) Mu njiku yo citatu pasure po kufa ka Jesu, Jehovha wakamumusa zve omupa muviri wo kumujimu. (1 Pedru 3:18) Pasure po mabviki manganani akatevera, Jesu wakahwirira kudenga, “wakagara pa mukono muho wa Mwari,” ecivetera kuti Mwari amuite Mambo.—Vaheberi 10:12, 13.
22. Mukana wapi watinawo nyamasi ngo kugondeka kwa Jesu kuna Baba vake?
22 Zvecivoneka kuti Jesu wakaramba akagondeka kuna Baba vake, itusuvo nyamasi tinomukana wo kurarama no kucingaperi mu paradhiso pasi pano, inga cidisiso ca Jehovha. Cipauko cinotevera, tinozobhuya ngo pamusoro po kuti rufu hwa Jesu hwakaitisa kudini kuti tikwanise kurarama nokucingaperi..
^ ndim. 11 Jehovha anodaninjwa Baba ngo kuti ndiyena Musiki. (Isaia 64:8) Jesu anodanijwa kuti Mwana wa Mwari ngo kuti Jehovha ndiyena wakamurura. Ngirozi, pamwepo na Adhamu, vanodaninjwavo kuti vana va Mwari—Jobe 1:6; Luka 3:38.


text:
VECHIDUKU VANOBVUNZA KUTI
Nei Ndichifanira Kubatsira Vamwe?
Zvinhu zviviri zvisingazivikanwi nevakawanda
1: Kana ukapa uchapiwawo!
Vanhu vachazviona kuti une rupo uye zvichaita kuti vakupewo. Bhaibheri rinoti:
“Garai muchipa, uye vanhu vachakupaiwo. . . . Nechiyereso chamuri kuyera nacho, vachakuyereraiwo nacho.”—Ruka 6:38.
“Mabatiro aunoita vamwe ndiwo mabatirwo auchaitwawo.”
—Ruka 6:38, Contemporary English Version.
2: Ukabatsira vamwe une zvauchawanawo!
Kuitira vamwe zvinhu zvakanaka kunoita kuti unzwe uine chiremerera uye kunoita kuti unzwe kugutsikana mumwoyo. Bhaibheri rinoti:
“Kupa kune mufaro mukuru kupfuura kugamuchira.”—Mabasa 20:35.
“Kana waita mabiko, koka varombo, mhetamakumbo, vanokamhina, mapofu; uye uchafara, nokuti havana chinhu chokukuripa nacho.”—Ruka 14:13, 14.
Mienzaniso yevechiduku vane hanya
Kune vechiduku vakawanda vane hanya! Inzwa zvinotaurwa nevamwe vacho.
“Dzimwe nguva pandinonzwa ndichida kugara pasi kuti ndione TV, ndinobva ndafunga mhamha nababa kuti pavachadzoka kubasa vachadzoka vaneta. Saka ndinobva ndaenda kunosuka ndiro, ndotsvaira nokugadzira mumba. Ndinobva ndafanovabikira tii nokuti vanoida chaizvo. Mhamha pavanopinda mumba unonzwa voti, ‘Haa kuchena here uku kwakaita mumba! Uye muri kunhuwirira. Waita hako mwanangu!’ Ndinonzwa kufara pandinoitira baba kana kuti mhamha vangu chimwe chinhu.”
—Casey.
“Vabereki vangu vanogara vachindipa zvose zvandinoda. Gore rakapera mota yavo yakafa chinhu chikuru saka ndakabva ndavapa mari yangu yakawanda yandakanga ndachengeta kuti vaigadzirise. Pakutanga vakamboramba mari yacho asi ndakavamanikidza kuti vaitore. Mari yandakavapa hapana zviripo ndichienzanisa nezvavanondiitira. Ndakanzwa kufara kuti ndabatsirawo vabereki vangu.”
—Holly.
Waizviziva here? Vechiduku vakawanda vesangano reZvapupu zvaJehovha vari kufara chaizvo nemhaka yokubatsira vamwe kudzidza Bhaibheri. Vamwe vakatotamira kune dzimwe nyika kuti vanodzidzisa vamwe Bhaibheri.
“Ndakabva kuUnited States ndichienda kuMexico kuti ndinobatsira vamwe kudzidza Bhaibheri. Dzimwe nguva unotadza kubatsira vamwe nemari kana zvimwe zvinhu nokuti unenge usina chokupa. Asi ndakaona kuti vanhu vanotenda chaizvo pandinozvipira nguva yangu ndichiita basa rokuparidzira kupfuura kungovabatsira nezvinhu zvokurarama nazvo.”
—Evan.
Ndingabatsira sei vamwe?
Unoda here kuona kuti zvinonakidza sei kubatsira vamwe? Ona zvimwe zvaungaita pasi apa.
Kubatsira vanhu vokumba kwenyu:
Tsvaira, suka ndiro kana kuti chenesa mumba usina kukumbirwa
Bika zvokudya
Nyora pakadhi mashoko okutenda vabereki vako
Batsira munin’ina kana hanzvadzi yako basa raapiwa kuchikoro
Kubatsira vanhu vasiri vokumba kwenyu:
Tumira mumwe munhu ari kurwara kadhi rokumushuvira kuti apore
Batsira muvakidzani wenyu akwegura nokumuitira mabasa epamba
Shanyira mumwe munhu asingakwanisi kubva pamba nemhaka yokurwara kana zvimwe zvikonzero
Ipa chipo kune mumwe munhu ari panguva yakaoma
Zano: Edza kufungawo zvimwe zvaungaita. Chiedza kubatsira mumwe munhu vhiki rino. Uchaona kufara kwauchaita nemhaka yokubatsira kwaunenge waita!
“Ukabatsira vamwe newe unonzwawo kufara. Unonyatsonzwa kuti waita chimwe chinhu uye vanhu vanozvitenda. Zvimwe unozoona kuti chinhu chauri kuita chinonakidza asi pakutanga wanga usingaoni kunakidza kwacho. Pakutanga ungaona sokuti kubatsira kwawaita hapana zviripo asi unozoona kuti zvawaita zvinokosha.”
—Alana.
Inzwa zvimwe
MABHUKU UYE MABHUROCHA
Vechiduku—Muchaitei Noupenyu Hwenyu?
ZVINOTAURWA NEVEZERA RAKO
Uhwu Ndihwo Upenyu
Unoda kugutsikana muupenyu here? Ona vhidhiyo inoratidza kufara kuri kuita Cameron pasinei nenyika yaari kugara.


text:
- musha
- Africa
- Moscow State Institute of International Relations
Moscow State Institute of International Relations
Moscow State Institute of International Relations Details
- nyika : Russian Federation
- guta : Moscow
- Acronym : MGIMO
- inotangwa : 1944
- Students (approx.) : 6000
- Musakanganwa kuti discuss Moscow State Institute of International Relations
tsananguro
MGIMO chinonyanya nomukurumbira urongwa reRussia dzidzo vechidiki vane zvinodiwa dzakawanda. For vadzidzi dzakawanda, MGIMO ndechokuti uye zvakawanda: rechimanjemanje, kugamuchira, uye noruzivo hwaifadza nzvimbo kudzidza muguta mukuru reRussia.
mudzidzi muviri MGIMO raMwari akasiyana-siyana pamusoro 6,000 iri inobva kumusoro panhengo kwevadzidzi Russian uye kubva shamwari mumayunivhesiti munyika. MGIMO inopa zvakawanda makosi panguva Rokutenderwa uye akapedza kudzidza mumatunhu - kubva dzenyika, political sainzi, dzezvoupfumi, uye dzakawanda mutemo, kuti nhau, bhizimisi utariri, uye simba urongwa. undergraduates International anogona kushandisa kwenguva zvizere Chirungu-vakadzidzisa B.A. chirongwa kana kusarudza kubva akaoma uye zvinofadza makosi Russian. Students kutsvaka Tenzi dhigirii anogona kushandisa mumwe miviri dhigirii zvirongwa MGIMO kuti groundbreaking, zvaipiwa achidyidzana pamwe dzakawanda masangano, kana kutsvaka nzvimbo mune rimwe zvirongwa anopfuura matatu MA achidzidzisa Russian.
Nokuti zvose nhoroondo yacho, MGIMO ari kuramba remake pacharo. Mumakore mashanu apfuura, yunivhesiti akaumba kudyidzana itsva zvakawanda pamwe kutungamirira zvikoro munyika. MGIMO ari kusanganisa zvakazara kupinda Bologna Kunoenderana, chiperengo panze muchinyatsongwarira zvaanoda European yepamusoro nemasangano kudzidza. The University iri vakazvipira kukudziridza inoramba Virtual muviri mudzidzi, hweutungamiri, uye kembasi upenyu kuti anoramba kuratidza mukurumbira wayo sezvo vakawanda nomukurumbira uye zvemberi nzvimbo reRussia nokunzwisisa zvinhu dzakawanda.
- RUSSIA'S Premier UNIVERSITY
MGIMO rinonyanya kuzivikanwa uye zvikuru nomukurumbira nevanhu inisitichusheni reRussia. Hazvina kirasi nyika mupfungwa yose rokuti – mukurumbira umbirimi, sununguka, coeducational, uye akapiwa pachena. MGIMO kuti nomwe zvikoro uye ne vana edzidzo Ndigopoteredza madhipatimendi vakawanda zvechikoro, mapoka, uye mubayiro zvirongwa, uyewo interdisciplinary nzvimbo uye kwesayenzi basa zvirongwa Achitambanudzira zvinopfuura chinyakare departmental miganhu.
- HWAINYATSORATIDZA INTERNATIONAL
yunivhesiti reRussia zvikuru pose, MGIMO kwave musha Russian vadzidzi vaibva munyika yose kuti anenge 60 makore, kugovera kupfuura 5,000 remarudzi apedza dzidzo kuti seshizha vatungamiriri vari voga uye voruzhinji chikamu munyika yose. Pamusoro pe, MGIMO ane pedyo ukama nzvimbo dzenyika kutungamirira yedzidzo, mhiri Europe, Asia, America, uye Africa. MGIMO prides pachayo munyika pfungwa uye MGIMO ndiye musha vadzidzi pose.
- MUNYIKA YOSE ZVAKAKWANA
MGIMO University aiva mumwe wokutanga mumayunivhesiti yeRussia kukumbanira European Africa Association, uye ari signatory kuna Bologna Kunoenderana. The MGIMO uzivi rinopa muripo nokuda Bachelor uye Mudzidzisi dhigirii zvirongwa izvo kuzivikanwa pasi pose, nevadzidzi kuwana zvinodiwa izvo makiyi basa uye zvedzidzo mikana dzemunyika. MGIMO Honorary Doctorates kunge akaiswa pamusoro yose yokufeva.
- WIDE CHOKWADI sarudzo
MGIMO University inopa pakati widest siyana zvirongwa zvedzidzo uye specializations remumwe yunivhesiti yacho mhando kwese. Panyaya kupa vadzidzi chechinyorwa kunzwisisa dzinoitwa nyika - Ngazvive kuburikidza dzakawanda nezvibvumirano, voruzhinji Kutarisirwa, bhizimisi, dzezvoupfumi, mutemo, uye nhau, tisingatauri 53 mitauro rinodzidzisa - MGIMO rakasiyana.
- Hunoshamisa KWEMHOSVA ZVINOWANISA
MGIMO University anounza pamwe zvakanakisisa zvinoumba kusununguka Arts kukoreji neavo huru tsvakurudzo yunivhesiti. Izvi zvinopa vadzidzi pedyo kuwana kupfuura 1200 mapurofesa uye fakaroti nhengo, kusanganisira 20 azere nhengo uye runoenzanirana nhengo mbiri Russian Academy of Sciences, imwe 113 vanachiremba sayenzi uye 400 doctorate sayenzi musarudzo. MGIMO kwakaita academia anodada vadzidzi ayo.
- WORLD mukurumbira NEVANOTSVAKURUDZA
With mukurumbira wakanaka uye zvedzidzo chinzvimbo MGIMO aigara pokutanga zvikuru yunivhesiti ratings. Kutsvakurudza Its chinoshanda munyika yose kuburikidza collaborations vane achitungamirira tsvakurudzo Kudya muRussia, Kishi nyika, uye pasi pose.Pasi amburera pakati kuBazi Affairs Foreign, MGIMO chinhu vanoremekedzwa nomutemo vanofunga-tangi uye Forum yegakava uye kuongorora dzakawanda zviitiko uye Current Affairs, pamwe mipiro yayo yose pachisara zvikuru vakatsvaka.
- dzaungagona DZIDZO
Kubvira pakutanga kwayo MGIMO zvakaratidzwa uye uzivi akabatanidza chinyakare zvedzidzo nehasha vane ungwaru utsanzi. YeYunivhesiti Innovative Educational Program, chinozoiswa pamusoro 2007-2008, akavandudza dzayo Kusimbisa kukwaniswa inobva dzidzo. Chirongwa Akaonawo MGIMO kukudziridza itsva yepamusoro gadziriro kuratidza wepanguva zvesayenzi uye dzidzo kuitika, mutsva vakuru maitiro uye michina, uye yokukwezva vatungamiriri dzakawanda yedzidzo.
- KWEMHOSVA umbirimi
Yunivhesiti iri raizivikanwa dzingaparwe zvakaisvonaka, zvichireva chakajeka vatungamiriri reRussia ramangwana kudzidza ikoko zvino, ane kuwedzera nhamba dzavo dzomunyika vavanomirira. Gore negore yakanakisisa kudzidza kusekondari reRussia vanokwikwidzana kweinenge chiuru vatsva munzvimbo, nevamwe zvirongwa – kunyanya dzezvoupfumi, mutemo, uye dzakawanda ukama – ndine kusvika 30 vamhan'ari nechimwe nzvimbo.
MGIMO kudzidza zvinosanganisira mapurezidhendi, pasvikira, uye vashumiri vatorwa kuAzerbaijan, Arumeniya, Bherarusi, Bharugeriya, Khazakisitani, Mongoriya, Sirovhakiya, Ukraine uye dzimwe nyika.
- ROMUNYIKA YOSE network
MGIMO rinopa kwete chete yepamusoro dzidzo, asi chinhu isingaenzaniswi mukana wokuwana vokukurukura nyanzvi izvo zvichaita kutsungirira zvakanaka zvinopfuura kudzidza. Its zvakaoma uye kwakaoma zvedzidzo kuumbwa ari kuzadzikiswa kunoitwa utano pamagariro mamiriro ezvinhu apo mudzidzi munharaunda uye alumni inongosvikika chaizvo uye kugamuchira Vadzidzi yokumwe. Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya vadzidzi nhasi vanogona kuva shamwari mangwana dzakawanda enyika, zviri pamutemo, zvebhizimisi uye nemagariro vatungamiriri.
- GREAT Vaeni
Beyond kudzidza, MGIMO vadzidzi vanozoridza pedyo vakawanda Concerts, vachitamba, Comedy usiku, uye zviitiko ose atingafungidzira mutambo. Various Masangano mudzidzi vazadze karenda zvimwe evanhu zviitiko. Ehe saizvozvo, MGIMO riri muMoscow, rimwe remaguta makuru enyika, ane siyana netsika uye nhoroondo pfuma, noutano tsika, ikapenya Nightlife. Rinopawo nyore kuwana siyana uye simba pamusoro wepanguva Russia, netsika nhaka yaro paakaita. MGIMO chinhu chinoshamisa upenyu chiitiko vadzidzi dzakawanda.
Schools / mumakoreji / madhipatimendi / Courses / mano
- School of International Relations
- School of International Economic Relations
- International Law School
- School of International Journalism
- School of Political Science
- School of International Business and Business Administration
- School of Applied Economics and Commerce
- International Institute of Energy Policy and Diplomacy
- International Institute of Administration
- European Studies Institute
- School of Government and International Affairs
History
MGIMO, izvo, in Russian, stands for Moscow State Institute of International Relations, was founded on October 14, 1944 when the USSR Council of People’s Commissars reorganized the recently created School of International Relations of the Moscow State University into an independent institute. Initially called the Institute of International Relations (IMO) its first 200 students were veterans who had survived the ordeals of the Second World War and were determined to build international peace and stability.
From the outset MGIMO was intended to become a unique academic research and education center. It quickly became Russia’s leading diplomatic training institution, with MGIMO academics making a major contribution across the fields of international relations, country and regional studies, international law and international economic relations. Uyezve, it took a position at the forefront of scientific endeavor, with the establishment of several world renowned scientific schools, and as the workplace of many outstanding Russian scientists, including Academy of Sciences members E.Tarle, L.Ivanov, V.Trukhanovskiy, S.Tikhvinskiy, N.Inozemtsev, and Y.Frantsev.
Originally MGIMO comprised three schools: School of International Relations, School of International Economic Relations and School of International Law. International students began coming to MGIMO from 1946. Since then MGIMO alumni have become national business, diplomatic and legal leaders in many countries, with several becoming Foreign Ministers, heads of government, and even Presidents.
mu 1954 the Moscow Institute of Oriental Studies, one of the oldest Russian institutes and successor to the Lasarevsky School created in 1815, was integrated into MGIMO. The Institute’s library was greatly enriched by the addition of the famous Lasarevskaya library, which had no peer for its large body of oriental literature.
mu 1958 MGIMO incorporated the Institute of Foreign Trade, which had previously operated under the aegis of the USSR Ministry for Foreign Trade. This led to an expansion of the School of International Economic Relations and a focus on training foreign trade and economic specialists. mu 1969 the International Journalism School was founded.
In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the profound social and economic change sweeping Russia saw major changes in MGIMO’s structure and educational programs. mu 1991 a new School of International Business and Business Administration was founded.
kubva 1992 the Institute has been headed by the Rector, Professor Anatoly Torkunov, whose leadership has been instrumental in overcoming the turmoil of the 1990s. Under his tenure MGIMO has embarked on a comprehensive program of educational modernization and innovation, including closer integration with European higher education, through entrance into the Bologna process, the broadening of international contacts, and the elevation of the Institute to the forefront of international education and science.
mu 1994 MGIMO was granted University status. The same year saw the creation of the International Institute of Administration, following a decision by the Russian Government on government administration and municipal management training. 1998 saw the founding of the School of Political Science, the first of its type in Russia to focus on training public service managers.
mu 2000 the International Institute of Energy Policy and Diplomacy was established, under the aegis of MGIMO, on the initiative of leading Russian energy companies. The mission of the Institute is to train managers for the promotion of international energy cooperation.
MGIMO’s European Educational Institute was founded in 2006, reflecting joint efforts by the Russian Federation and European Union to organize continuing education programs for Russian and European officials.
2011 has seen the founding of MGIMO’s youngest school, the School of Applied Economics and Commerce. It is unique for its BA program in Ecology and Wildlife Management, which develops expertise in the field of economic and ecological issues.
Every year MGIMO accepts more than one thousand new students, from every part of the Russian Federation, and internationally from more than 60 nyika. pamusoro 35 thousand Russian and global alumni are proud to have graduated from Moscow State Institute of International Relations. Divisions of the MGIMO Alumni Association are active in many countries around the world. mu 2007, the MGIMO Alumni Association established Russia’s first university endowment – the Development Foundation for MGIMO.
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Ndapota onai: EducationBro Magazine unokupa kugona kuverenga Info pamusoro mumayunivhesiti pa 96 mitauro, asi tinokukumbirai kuremekedza vamwe nhengo uye kusiya mashoko ari Chirungu.


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- musha
- Africa
- ALHOSN University
ALHOSN University
ALHOSN University Details
- nyika : Mubatanidzwa Arabhu Emeretsi
- guta : Abu Dhabi
- Acronym : ALHOSN
- inotangwa : 2005
- Students (approx.) : 4000
- Musakanganwa kuti discuss ALHOSN University
tsananguro
The Mashoko pamusoro ALHOSN University, "Zivo Global ne Local Vision", zvakawanda kupfuura kungova sirogani. Zviri uzivi uye wakasimba kudavira zvinokosheswa ruzivo yose pamwe netsika dzeko izvo vakanyura munhau.
ALHOSN University seari kuona achizadzwa pose kuzivikanwa somunhu yunivhesiti apo nhengo dzaro dzose vakazvipira kubudisa kudzidza ane nheyo yakasimba basa uye upenyu unyanzvi. Kuti tiite izvi, AHU anoda kuumba nenzanga vadzidzi, apo mudzidzi ari munhu ari simba, vakamhan'arira, uye mutoro.
ALHOSN University anotenda pakudzidzisa nyanzvi kuva vatungamiri kuti munharaunda ano. Sezvo nesangano dzidzo yepamusorosoro, naro prides pachayo iri kuva rokusika mumiririri kuti vachinje uye kusiyana. It chipikiranai usimbise fakaroti-mudzidzi pakudzidza munharaunda inosimudzira kukosha basa uye kutsvakurudza uye anoshandisa nzira zvedzidzo pakubatsirana kuti kuva Kushandirapamwe, utilizes chaihwo-upenyu ruzivo, rinokudziridza hanya, uye anogadzirira zviri pamusika ramangwana.
The University anoratidza kuzvipira wayo basa rayo nokupfuurira anotevera zvinangwa:
- Growth – Expanding and diversifying our financial base to enable us to achieve our mission.
- People – Valuing people and creating a well performing organization. Pakugonesa zvirongwa zvayo kuitika uye zvirongwa zvitsva rokutsvaka, chengetedza, uye kukudziridza yakanakisisa vadzidzi, fakaroti, uye mudonzvo uyo uchava rinokosha Impact mumabasa avo munharaunda.
- Academic Excellence – Attaining national recognition as a top private education and research university.
- Outreach – Seeking to broaden its role in the community through the ongoing engagement of its alumni and enhanced interaction with the community, masangano, uye masangano.
- Resources and Infrastructure – Secure the resources – human, zvemari, uye kwezvivako - zvakakodzera kutsigirwa Yedzidzo nokutsvakurudza yaro zvirongwa vari kudzidza uye kushanda hwaiitwa chemhando inobvira unhu. AHU ichaona mari inodiwa kushandisa zvinangwa izvi uye kuti anyorere kuramba zvaimunetsa.
Schools / mumakoreji / madhipatimendi / Courses / mano
Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences
- Department of Education
- English Department
- Social Sciences Department
Rorusununguko Business
- Departments of Business Administration and Management Information Systems
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Sciences
- Departments of Architectural Engineering
- Civil Engineering
- Industrial Engineering
- Interior Design
- Software Engineering
- Urban Planning
Unoda discuss ALHOSN University ? chero mubvunzo, Mashoko kana wongororo
Share ichi chinobatsira Info neshamwari dzako
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Join to discuss of ALHOSN University.
Ndapota onai: EducationBro Magazine unokupa kugona kuverenga Info pamusoro mumayunivhesiti pa 96 mitauro, asi tinokukumbirai kuremekedza vamwe nhengo uye kusiya mashoko ari Chirungu.


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NYAYA IRI PAKAVHA | NHEMA DZINOITA KUTI VANHU VASADA MWARI
Nhema Dzakaita Kuti Mwari Anzi Ane Utsinye
ZVINOTENDWA NEVAKAWANDA
“Pashure chaipo pokufa, mweya yevaya vanofa vachiita zvivi zvakaipisisa inoenda kuhero, kwainonotambura ichirangwa ‘mumoto nokusingaperi.’” (Catechism of the Catholic Church) Vamwe vatungamiriri vezvitendero vanoti hero rinoreva kusava noukama naMwari zvachose.
CHOKWADI CHIRI MUBHAIBHERI
“Mweya unotadza—ndiwo uchafa.” (Ezekieri 18:4) Vakafa “havana kana chavanoziva.” (Muparidzi 9:5) Saka kana mweya uchifa uye usina chaunoziva, ungatambura sei “mumoto nokusingaperi” kana kuti kurwadziwa nemhaka yokusava noukama naMwari nokusingaperi?
Mashoko echiHebheru nechiGiriki anoshandurwa kuti “hero” anongoreva guva rinovigwa vanhu. Somuenzaniso, Jobho paairwadziwa zvikuru akanyengetera kuti: “Ndinoshuva kuti dai maizondivanza henyu muguva rangu [“muhero,” Douay-Rheims Version].” (Jobho 14:13, Holy Bible—Easy-to-Read Version) Jobho akanga asingadi kuzorora munzvimbo yokupiswa kana kuti yokusava noukama naMwari, asi muguva.
NEI ZVICHIKOSHA
Dai Mwari aiva neutsinye taisazomufarira. Rocío uyo anogara kuMexico anoti: “Kubvira ndichiri mudiki ndaidzidziswa kuti vanhu vakaipa vanopiswa mugehena. Zvaindityisa zvokuti ndaisambofunga kuti Mwari ane humwe unhu hwakanaka. Ndaifunga kuti anongogara akatsamwa uye haanzwisisi.”
Mashoko eBhaibheri akajeka nezvemitongo yaJehovha uye mamiriro ezvinhu evakafa, zvakaita kuti Rocío achinje maonero aaiita Mwari. “Ndakanzwa ndasunungurwa, zvichiita sokuti ndabvisirwa mutoro unorema mupfungwa dzangu,” anodaro Rocío. Anowedzera kuti, “Ndakatanga kuvimba kuti Mwari anoda kuti zvitifambire zvakanaka, anotida, uye kuti ndinogona kumuda. Akafanana naBaba vanofamba vakabata vana vavo maoko uye vanoda kuti zvinhu zvivafambire zvakanaka.”—Isaya 41:13.
Vakawanda vanoenda kuchechi nokuti vanotya kupiswa, asi Mwari haadi kuti umunamate nokuti unotya kuti achakuranga. Jesu akati: “Ida Jehovha Mwari wako.” (Mako 12:29, 30) Uyewo kana iye zvino tikaziva kuti Mwari haaiti zvisina kururama, tinogona kuvimba nezvaachaita mune remangwana. Tinogona kutaura nechivimbo sezvakaitwa neshamwari yaJobho, Erihu, kuti: “Mwari wechokwadi haamboiti zvakaipa, uye Wemasimbaose haamboiti zvisina kururama.”—Jobho 34:10.


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Kingstone Mapupu —
“ININI chaiye muvheti muchena, kuitiswa mimba naSoko Murehwa, mutema akasviba kuti ndoo?” Izvi ndizvo zvinofanirwa kunge zvakavhiringa kasikana kekuEpworth ako kakasvika pakuzviuraya karwadziwa nechokwadi.
Mwanasikana wechichena ange achigara nevabereki vake kwaChiremba, anonzi akazviuraya nechikonzero chisati chanyatsojeka kunyangwe zvazvo paine mashoko ari kuti akasarudza kupfuudza upenyu hwake mushure mekunge vabereki vake vamurambidza kuroorwa nemukomana wechitema uyo anonzi akange amupa pamuviri.
Storm Maggeridge (15) aigara nevabereki vake kuseri kwezvitoro nemabhawa panzvimbo yemabhizimisi epaChiremba uye anonzi akazvisungirira muimba yekugezera.
Amai vemuchakabvu uyu, Charmaine Maggeridge (38), vanoti vakabatikana zvikuru nerufu rwemwanasikana wavo uyo anga ari wechipiri pavana vavo vana.
Vanoti Storm anga ari mwana aigara achifara nguva dzakawanda.
“Storm anga ari mwana wangu wechipiri pavana vasikana vaviri nevakomana vaviri. Anga aine dambudziko rekusagona muchikoro saka izvozvi anga achienda kune imwe koreji yemuno kumaextra lessons.
“Nemusi uyu, ndakabva pano ndichienda kutown kunotarisa mitengo yemamatiresi nemagumbeze ndikamusiya nevamwe vana pasina dambudziko raivapo. Ndakazonzwa ndave kufonerwa kuma10 mangwanani iwayo zvichinzi Storm azvisungirira mubathroom yedu. Ndakavhunduka zvikuru ndokudzoka kumba,” vanodaro.
Imba yekugezera yakazvisungirira mwana uyu iri mukati memba yemapuranga ine mipanda mishanu.
Vanoti akatanga kuona mutumbi waStorm mukomana anonzi aidanana nekasikana aka, uyo akangozivikanwa nekunzi Gamuchirai.
Gamuchirai anonzi akambotanga kusvika pamba apa mangwanani ndokuzodzoka mushure mechinguva chipfupi apo akasvikowana Storm azvisungirira. Mukomana uyu anonzi muimbi aigarawo munzvimbo yeEpworth asi ndokuzotamira kuHatfield.
“Storm aidanana zvikuru naGamuchirai, aisada kumusiya. Handina kumbobvira ndakaona vachinetsana. Iye Gamu ndiye akatanga kuona mutumbi wemumwe wake apo anonzi akanga auya kuzomuona mangwanani, ndokumbobva akazodzoka achiwana afa.
“Ndiyezve akazozivisa vamwe, apo ndakazofonerwa ndiri kutown. Nanhasi handizive kuti Storm chii chakamunetsa kuti asvike pakuzviuraya. There is no foul play, thus real suicide (Hapana fungidziro yekuti pane zvakaipa zvaakaitwa kuti azofa, akafa nekuzvisungirira oga),” vanodaro amai ava.
Mai Maggeridge vanoenderera mberi: “Nemusi uyu, ndisati ndaenda kutown akatombondibatsira kuyera mawindow frames tichida kuisa mawindowpanes, ndichimuti ndizvo zvakanakira kubereka. Zvino haasisipo, zvinorwadza.”
Pane mashoko ari kuti Storm anga ava nepamuviri pemwedzi miviri apo akapihwa nemukomana wechitema vabereki vake ndokunzi vakati vaisada kuti aroorwe nemunhu mutema.
Storm anonzi akazotukwa nevabereki vake izvo zvakamushatirisa kusvika pakuzviuraya.
Mumwe murume akataurwa naye neKwayedza uyo akanga anobata mawoko kumhuri iyi, anotsinhira nyaya yekuti musikana uyu anonzi aiva nepamuviri uyewo nekuti vabereki vake vairamba kuti aroorwe nemukomana uyu vachiti munhu mutema.
“Anonzi anga ava nepamuviri pemwedzi miviri pemumwe mukomana waaidanana naye. Hatizive kuti mumwewo here anotaurwa uyu kana kuti ndiGamuchirai. Vabereki vemwana uyu vanonzi vakatanga kumutuka vachiti aiva apirwei mimba nemurume wechitema, izvo zvinonzi zvakarwadza musikana uyu achibva azviuraya,” anodaro murume uyu. Zvisinei, Mai Maggeridge vanoramba mashoko aya vachiti ndeekuda kusvibisa mwana wavo uyo wavanoti aiva munhu akatwasanuka.
“Ichokwadi kune mashoko akawanda akaipa uye ekunyepa ari kutaurwa nevanhu vemuno. Mwana wangu anga asina pamuviri, chakaita kuti azviuraye handichizive kana mumabhawa aisapinda. Anga aine boyfriend yake yandinoziva imwe chete, Gamuchirai, ndimusician ane vabereki vake vakashaika.
“Akatama muno muEpworth saka ave kugara kuHatfield. Vana ava vaidanana zvikuru saka ndakati ini handina mwana anoroorwa asati asvitsa makore 18, thus our policy,” vanodaro Mai Maggeridge.
Vanoti vaviri ava vanga vadanana kwegore uye Storm aisatora zvinodhaka.
“Afa kudaro, mutumbi wake wakanoongororwa kukabuda kuti kuzvisungirira chaiko pasina chimwe chinhu. Izvo zvekuti ndakamurambidza kuroorwa nemunhu mutema kunyepa. Iye Gamuchirai waaidanana naye handiti munhu mutema here, sei ndisina kumurambidza kudanana naye?”
Mai Maggeridge vanoti vose vavanogarisana navo vanhu vatema uyewo ndivo zvakare vatema vakazobatsira kuviga mutumbi wemwana wavo kumakuva ekwaZinyengere, ari kwakare kuEpworth.
“Akazviuraya nemusi weMugovera 6 May ndokuzovigwa neChipiri 9 May. Ndinotenda zvikuru vagari vemuno muEpworth vakauya nehuwandu hwavo vakaviga mwana wangu zvine mutsigo. Aiva munhu wevanhu, kuno ndiko kwave kumusha kwedu, takatama kubva kuProspect (kuWaterfalls muHarare) tisisina pekugara tichiuya kuno ,” vanodaro Mai Maggeridge. Vanoti nyaradzo yemwana wavo ichaitwa mumwedzi waNyamavhuvhu.
Baba vemuchakabvu uyu, VaPetros Maggeridge, havana kuonekwa pakashanyirwa nzvimbo iyi.
Mutauriri wemapurisa munyika, Chief Superitendent Paul Nyathi, vanoti vanoda nguva yekutsvaga kuti nyaya iyi yakafamba sei.


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Nyere (Dzezvipenyu)
Nhengo dzose dzezvinhu zvinorarama dzakaumbwa nenyere (cells) dzinova ndidzo zvikamu zvidukusa zvinokwanisa kuita mabasa anoraramisa zvinhu zvipenyu. Kune marudzi akawanda enyere ane mabasa akasiyana uye zvimiro zvakasiyana.
Nyere dzinonyanya kutaurwa inyerehadzi nenyererume dzemhuka kana madzinde. Mudzimai paanobata pamuviri nyererume inowanikwa muhuronyo inenge yabatana nenyerekadzi inosvinwa kubva kumunhukadzi kamwe pamwedzi. Panonyengana nyere mbiri idzi ndipo panovamba hupenyu hwemunhu muchibereko chemunhukadzi. Mururimi rweChiShona chipenyu chinoumbwa panobatana nyere mbiri idzi tichati chinonzi chipandamwana zygote.
Shoko rokuti Nyere rinowanikwa panotaurwa chizinga chinorongerwa huchi nenyuchi - cell of a honeycomb. Chizinga chehuchi chine nyere dzine chiumbiko chakaita gonyanhanhatu (hexagon). Kuumbwa kwakaitwa chizinga nekubatana kwenyere dziri pachiri kunoda kufanana nekuumbwa kwakaitwa nhengo dzemuviri dzichibatanidza nyere dzakatsaukana.
Mamwe Mazwi[chinja | edit source]
- Shomwe yeNyere (Cell Nucleus).
- Tsatsimuvara (Chromosomes). Izwi iri rakaumbwa nezvikamu zviviri zvinoti tsatsi uye muvara. Izwi rokuti tsatsi (small buch) rinoreva katsumbu kadiki kakadai semaruva. Izwi rokuti muvara (dye, colour) rinoreva rudzi rweruvara. Nyanzvi dzeHurapi dzinoshandisa mukando (dye) wemhando dzakasiyana kuti dzikwanise kutsauranisa nhengo dzemuviri nechinangwa chokuziva nhengo dzine hutano nedzisina. Zvakaonekwa kuti tsatsimuvara dzinokasira kugashira nokunwira mhando dzemikando inoshandiswa kuLaboratory - ndiko kusaka zita iri rakapiwa. Izwi rokuti Chromosome rakaumwa nezvikamu zviviri zvinoti: chroma (kureva colour) uye soma (kureva body) - tabatanidza zvodudza coloured body.
- Matumbwa (genes) iri shoko riri kushandiswa kufanoturikira chinonzi genes kuEnglish. Mbara inhengo dzinowanikwa pashomwe yenyere, dziri idzo dzinotakura kana kupirikira nhaka yemuropa raBaba naAmai vemunhu.