text:
Tsanangudzo Yemashoko emuBhaibheri
A B C D E F G H I J K M N O P R S T U V Y Z
A
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Abhi.
Zita remwedzi wechi5 pakarenda yaishandiswa nevaJudha panyaya dzekunamata pavakanga vadzoka kubva kuutapwa kuBhabhironi, uri wechi11 pakarenda yavaishandisa pane zvekurima. Waitangira pakati paJuly uchinoperera pakati paAugust. Hautaurwi nezita muBhaibheri; unongonzi “mwedzi wechishanu.” (Nu 33:38; Ezr 7:9)—Ona Mashoko Ekuwedzera B15.
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Abhibhi.
Zita rakatanga kupiwa mwedzi wekutanga pakarenda yaishandiswa nevaJudha panyaya dzekunamata, uri wechi7 pakarenda yavaishandisa pane zvekurima. Rinoreva kuti “Hura Dzakasvibirira (Dzezviyo)” uye mwedzi wacho waitangira pakati paMarch uchinoperera pakati paApril. Pakadzoka vaJudha kubva kuBhabhironi wakabva watanga kushevedzwa kuti Nisani. (Dhe 16:1)—Ona Mashoko Ekuwedzera B15.
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Adhari.
Zita remwedzi wechi12 pakarenda yaishandiswa nevaJudha panyaya dzekunamata pavakanga vadzoka kubva kuutapwa kuBhabhironi, uri wechi6 pakarenda yavaishandisa pane zvekurima. Waitangira pakati paFebruary uchinoperera pakati paMarch. (Es 3:7)—Ona Mashoko Ekuwedzera B15.
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Akaipa.
Shoko rinoshandiswa pana Satani Dhiyabhorosi, uyo anopikisana naMwari nemitemo yake yakarurama.—Mt 6:13; 1Jo 5:19.
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Akaya.
MuMagwaro echiKristu echiGiriki, iri raiva dunhu reRoma rekumaodzanyemba kweGirisi uye guta raro guru raiva Korinde. Akaya yaibatanidza nharaunda yese yePeloponnese iri kumaodzanyemba kweGirisi nechikamu chepakati cheGirisi. (Mab 18:12)—Ona Mashoko Ekuwedzera B13.
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Amagedhoni.
Rakabva pashoko rechiHebheru rekuti Har Meghid·dohnʹ, rinoreva kuti “Gomo reMegidho.” Shoko racho rinotaurwa panyaya ine chekuita ‘nehondo yezuva guru raMwari Wemasimbaose’ pachaungana “madzimambo enyika yese” kuti arwe naJehovha. (Zva 16:14, 16; 19:11-21)—Ona KUTAMBUDZIKA KUKURU.
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Ameni.
“Ngazviitike,” kana kuti “chokwadi.” Rinobva pashoko rechiHebheru rekuti ʼa·manʹ, rinoreva kuti “kutendeka, kuvimbika.” “Ameni” aitaurwa pakubvumirana nemhiko, nemunyengetero, kana kuti nezvinenge zvataurwa. Muna Zvakazarurwa, anoshandiswa sezita rekuremekedza raJesu.—Dhe 27:26; 1Mak 16:36; Zva 3:14.
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Arabhasta.
Zita retumidziyo twekuisira zvinonhuhwirira twaigadzirwa nedombo raiwanika pedyo neAlabastron, kuEgypt. Tumidziyo twacho twaiva nemuromo mudiki waikwanisa kuvharwa kuti zvinonhuhwirira zvacho zvirege kurasika. Dombo racho rakabva razopiwawo zita iri.—Mk 14:3.
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Aramaiki.
Uyu mutauro wakada kufanana nechiHebheru uye unoshandisa mabhii echiHebheru. VaAramu ndivo vaitaura mutauro uyu asi nekufamba kwenguva wakazotanga kushandiswa pakutengeserana uye pakuita kuti vanhu vanzwanane munharaunda dzaitongwa nevaAsiriya nevaBhabhironi. Ndiwo mutauro waishandiswawo nehurumende munharaunda yaitongwa nePezhiya. (Ezr 4:7) Zvimwe zvikamu zvebhuku raEzra neraJeremiya neraDhanieri zvakanyorwa muchiAramaiki.—Ezr 4:8–6:18; 7:12-26; Jer 10:11; Dha 2:4b–7:28.
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Aramoti.
Ishoko raishandiswa pakuimba rinoreva kuti “Vasikana; Vakadzi Vechidiki,” zvichida pachireva manzwi matete evasikana. Rinofanira kunge raishandiswa pakuratidza paifanira kukwidzwa manzwi kana kuti chiridzwa pakuimba.—1Mak 15:20; Pis 46:Sum.
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Aramu; vaAramu.
VaAramu vana vemwanakomana waShemu ainzi Aramu. Vazhinji vavo vaigara munzvimbo dziri munharaunda inotangira kumakomo eRebhanoni ichinosvika kuMesopotamiya uye munharaunda inotangira kumakomo eTaurus ari kuchamhembe ichinosvika kuDhamasiko, ichipfuurira kumaodzanyemba. Nzvimbo iyi, iyo inonzi Aramu muchiHebheru, yakazopedzisira yava kunzi Siriya uye vanhu vaigaramo vainzi vaSiriya.—Ge 25:20; Dhe 26:5; Ho 12:12.
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Areka yesungano.
Bhokisi rakagadzirwa nematanda emubayamhondoro uye rainge rakaiswa goridhe. Raichengeterwa muNzvimbo Tsvenetsvene yetebhenekeri uye muNzvimbo Tsvenetsvene yetemberi yakazovakwa naSoromoni. Raiva nechekukwidibirisa chegoridhe chaiva nemakerubhi maviri ainge akatarisana. Chikuru chainge chiri mariri aiva mahwendefa maviri aiva neMirayiro Gumi. (Dhe 31:26; 1Mad 6:19; VaH 9:4)—Ona Mashoko Ekuwedzera B5 neB8.
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Areyopago.
Ichi chikomo chirefu chaiva muguta reAtene, nechekuchamhembe kwenzvimbo yakavakirirwa zvakasimba yeguta racho. Raivawo zita redare raiungana pachikomo chacho. Pauro akaendeswa kuAreyopago nevachenjeri vechiEpikuro nevechiStoiki kuti anotsanangura zvaaitenda.—Mab 17:19.
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Arufa naOmega.
Mazita ebhii rekutanga nerekupedzisira mumutauro wechiGiriki; anoshandiswa katatu ari pamwe chete mubhuku raZvakazarurwa sezita rekuremekedza raMwari. Mundima dzacho, mazita aya anoreva kuti “wekutanga newekupedzisira” uye “mavambo nemagumo.”—Zva 1:8; 21:6; 22:13.
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Aselgeia.—
Ona TSIKA DZAKAFUMUKA.
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Ashtoreti.
Mwarikadzi wevaKenani wehondo uye wekubereka, ariwo mudzimai waBhaari.—1Sa 7:3.
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Atari.
Chikuva chaigadzirwa nevhu, nematombo, kana kuti nedombo hombe, kana kuti nemapango ainge akaiswa simbi. Atari yaishandiswa pakupa zvibayiro kuna Mwari uye pakumupisira rusenzi. Munzvimbo tsvene yetebhenekeri uye yetemberi maiva ‘neatari diki yegoridhe’ yekupisira rusenzi. Yainge yakagadzirwa nemapango akaiswa goridhe. Paivawo neimwe ‘atari hombe yemhangura’ yaiva panze, muchivanze. (Eks 27:1; 39:38, 39; Ge 8:20; 1Mad 6:20; 2Mak 4:1; Ru 1:11)—Ona Mashoko Ekuwedzera B5 neB8.
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Azazeri.
Izita rechiHebheru rinogona kunge richireva kuti “Mbudzi Inonyangarika.” PaZuva Rekuyananisira, mbudzi yeAzazeri yainosiyiwa kurenje, zvichimiririra kutakurwa kwezvivi zvainge zvaitwa nerudzi rwacho rwese gore iroro.—Re 16:8, 10.
B
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Bango rinoyera.
Shoko rechiHebheru rekuti (ʼashe·rahʹ ) rinoreva (1) bango rinoyera raimiririra Ashera, mwarikadzi wekubereka wevaKenani, kana kuti (2) chifananidzo chacho chamwarikadzi Ashera. Mapango acho anofanira kunge aiita zvekumiswa. Aigona kunge ari mapango asina kuvezwa, kana kuti miti chaiyo yakamira.—Dhe 16:21; Vat 6:26; 1Mad 15:13.
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Bani.
Shoko racho rechiHebheru rakashandurwa kuti “bani” rinogona kureva nzvimbo yakapoteredza rwizi runogara rwakaoma kana isiri nguva yemvura; rinogona kurevawo rwizi rwacho pacharwo. Dzimwe nzizi dzaiwana mvura yadzo muzvitubu saka dzaiyerera gore rese.—Ge 26:19; Nu 34:5; Dhe 8:7; 1Mad 18:5; Job 6:15.
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Basa dzvene.
Ushumiri, kana kuti basa, rinenge riri dzvene, rine chekuita nekunamata Mwari.—VaR 12:1; Zva 7:15.
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Bhaari.
Aiva mwari wevaKenani ainzi ndiye muridzi wedenga uye mwari anonayisa mvura. Ainziwo ndimwari wekubereka. Zita rekuti “Bhaari” raipiwawo vamwe vanamwari vadiki kwaari vainamatwa nevaKenani. Shoko racho rechiHebheru rinoreva kuti “Muridzi; Tenzi.”—1Mad 18:21; VaR 11:4.
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Bhabhatidza.
Shoko racho rechiito rinoreva “kunyudza” kana kuti kuisa pasi pemvura. Jesu akati vateveri vake vanofanira kubhabhatidzwa. Magwaro anotaurawo nezverubhabhatidzo rwaiitwa naJohani, kubhabhatidza nemweya mutsvene, kubhabhatidza nemoto, nekumwewo kubhabhatidza.—Mt 3:11, 16; 28:19; Joh 3:23; 1Pe 3:21.
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Bhati.
Maererano nezvimedu zvemidziyo zvakawanikwa nevanochera matongo zvakanyorwa shoko iri, bhati uwandu hwezvinhu zvakadai semafuta hunofungidzirwa kuti hunozadza mudziyo wemarita 22. Uwandu hwakasiyana-siyana hunotaurwa muBhaibheri hwakadai sehomeri nekori hunozivikanwa pachishandiswa uwandu hunofungidzirwa kuti ndihwo hunozadza mudziyo webhati. (1Mad 7:38; Eze 45:14)—Ona Mashoko Ekuwedzera B14.
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Bherizebhubhu.
Iri izita rinoshandiswa kuna Satani, muchinda kana kuti mutongi wemadhimoni. Rinogona kunge rakabva pazita rekuti Bhaari-zebhubhu, kureva Bhaari ainamatwa nevaFiristiya muEkroni.—2Mad 1:3; Mt 12:24.
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Bhosvo.
Chiridzwa chakagadzirwa nesimbi chaiita zvekufuridzwa, chaishandiswa pakuudza vanhu zvekuita kana pakuridza mimhanzi. Pana Numeri 10:2, Jehovha akataura kuti pagadzirwe mabhosvo maviri esirivha aizoshandiswa pakuunganidza vanhu, pakuputsa musasa, kana kuti pakuzivisa hondo. Aya anofanira kunge akanga akati twasu, kusiyana nehwamanda dzaigadzirwa ‘nenyanga’ dzakakombama dzemhuka. Mamwe mabhosvo aishandiswa pakuimba patemberi. Aya haana kutaurwa kuti akanga akagadzirwa sei. Kurira kwemabhosvo kwekufananidzira kunowanzotaurwa kuchibatana nemutongo unenge uchipiwa naJehovha kana kuti zvimwe zviitiko zvinokosha zvinobva kuna Mwari.—2Mak 29:26; Ezr 3:10; 1VaK 15:52; Zva 8:7–11:15.
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Bhuku.—
Ona GWARO.
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Bhuri.
Zita remwedzi wechi8 pakarenda yaishandiswa nevaJudha panyaya dzekunamata, uri wechipiri pakarenda yavaishandisa pane zvekurima. Zita racho rinobva pashoko rinoreva kuti “goho; zvibereko” uye waitangira pakati paOctober uchinoperera pakati paNovember. (1Mad 6:38)—Ona Mashoko Ekuwedzera B15.
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Boka; Kapoka.
Ava vaiva vanhu vaisimbirira pane imwe dzidziso kana kuti mutungamiriri vachitevedzera dzidziso dzavo vega. Shoko racho rinoshandiswa pamapoka maviri echitendero chechiJudha akanga akakurumbira, vaFarisi nevaSadhusi. Vanhu vakanga vasiri vaKristu vaidanawo vaKristu kuti “kapoka” kana kuti “kapoka kevaNazareta,” izvo zvingangodaro zvaibva pakuti vaifunga kuti kaiva kachitendero kakapanduka kubva muchiJudha. Muungano yechiKristu makapedzisira mamuka tumapoka; “kapoka kaNikorasi” kakanyatsotaurwa nezita Mab 5:17; 15:5; 24:5; 28:22; Zva 2:6; 2Pe 2:1.muna Zvakazarurwa.—
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Buriro; Kupura.
Buriro inzvimbo inoshandiswa kupura zviyo; kupura kurova zviyo kuitira kuti tsanga dzibude mumakoto. Munhu aipura achiita zvekurova zviyo zvacho nemuti, uye kana zvakawanda, aishandisa midziyo kubvisa makoto, yakadai sechirei chinenge chichidhonzwa nemhuka. Chirei chacho chaifambiswa pamusoro pezviyo zvinenge zvakaparadzirwa paburiro. Buriro rainge rakati sandara riri denderedzwa uye raiwanzoiswa pakakwirira pekuti mhepo inenge ichirova.—Re 26:5; Isa 41:15; Mt 3:12.
C
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Chakavanzika chitsvene.
Chimwe chinhu chine chekuita nechinangwa chaMwari chaanorega kuzivisa vanhu kusvikira nguva yake yakwana, uye chinozoziviswa vaya vaanenge asarudza.—Mk 4:11; VaK 1:26.
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Chegumi.
Chinhu chimwe chete pazvinhu 10 zvega zvega kana kuti zvinhu 10 pazvinhu 100, chaipiwa kana kuti chaibhadharwa semupiro, zvikurukuru panyaya dzekunamata. (Mar 3:10; Dhe 26:12; Mt 23:23) MuMutemo waMozisi, chegumi chizvinhu zvaiwanikwa muvhu uye chegumi chezvipfuwo zvinenge zvawedzera chaipiwa vaRevhi pagore kuti vawane zvekurarama nazvo. VaRevhi vaizobvisawo chegumi pazvegumi izvozvo vachipa vapristi, vanakomana vaAroni, kuti vawanewo zvekurarama nazvo. Pane zvimwe zvegumi zvaibviswawo. Kubvisa chegumi hausi mutemo kuvaKristu.
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Chekukwidibirisa chekuyananisa.
Ichi chivharo chaikwidibira areka yesungano. Pamberi pacho ndipo paisaswa nemupristi mukuru ropa rezvibayiro zvechivi paZuva Rekuyananisira. Shoko racho rechiHebheru rinobva pashoko rinoreva “kuvhara kana kuti kufukidza (zvivi)” kana kuti “kudzima (zvivi).” Chakanga chakagadzirwa negoridhe, chiine makerubhi maviri aiva kumicheto akatarisana. Dzimwe nguva chinongonzi “chekukwidibirisa.” (Eks 25:17-22; 1Mak 28:11; VaH 9:5)—Ona Mashoko Ekuwedzera B5.
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Chibatiso.
Chinhu chaipiwa nemunhu kune uya anenge amupa chikwereti, chekuratidza kuti achazomubhadhara. Mutemo waMozisi waiva nemirayiro yaifanira kutevedzerwa pamusoro pechibatiso kuitira kuti varombo nevaya vakanga vasina anovatsigira varege kudzvinyirirwa.—Eks 22:26; Eze 18:7.
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Chibayiro.
Mupiro waipirwa kuna Mwari wekutenda zvaunenge waitirwa, kubvuma mhosva, uye kuti munhu avezve neukama hwakanaka naMwari. Kubvira pana Abheri, vanhu vaipa zvibayiro zvakasiyana-siyana pavanenge vada, kusanganisira zvemhuka, kusvikira sungano yeMutemo waMozisi yauita mutemo. Zvibayiro zvemhuka zvakanga zvisisadiwi pashure pekunge Jesu apa upenyu hwake sechibayiro chakakwana, kunyange zvazvo vaKristu vachiri kupa Mwari zvibayiro zvemweya.—Ge 4:4; VaH 13:15, 16; 1Jo 4:10.
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Chibayiro chechivi.
Ichi chibayiro chaipiwa nemunhu atadza asingazivi pamusana pekusasimba kwenyama ine chivi. Paishandiswa mhuka dzakasiyana-siyana kubvira pamukono wemombe kusvika kuhangaiwa, maererano nemawaniro uye mamiriro ezvinhu emunhu wacho aita chivi ari kuyananisirwa.—Re 4:27, 29; VaH 10:8.
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Chibayiro cherugare.
Ichi chaiva chibayiro chaipiwa kuna Jehovha munhu achikumbira kuva nerugare naye. Chibayiro chacho chaidyiwa nemunhu anenge auya nacho nemhuri yake uyewo nemupristi aitungamirira nevamwe vapristi vaiva pabasa zuva iroro. Utsi hunonhuwirira hwemafuta aipiswa ndihwo hwaipiwa Jehovha. Aipiwawo ropa iro raimiririra upenyu. Zvaitoita sekuti vapristi nemunhu auya nechibayiro chacho vaigara pasi vachidya pamwe chete naJehovha, zvichiratidza kuti vanowirirana.—Re 7:29, 32; Dhe 27:7.
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Chibayiro chinopiswa.
Ichi chibayiro chemhuka chaipiswa chese paatari, chichipisirwa Mwari. Munhu aipa mhuka yacho, ungava mukono wemombe, gondohwe, nhongo, njiva, kana kuti hangaiwa diki, aipa yese yakadaro, pasina chaanosara nacho.—Eks 29:18; Re 6:9.
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Chibayiso.
Ichi chinhu chakareba uye chakapinza chaiva nemuromo wesimbi, chaishandiswa nevarimi kubaya mhuka kuti ifambe. Chibayiso chinofananidzwa nemashoko emunhu akachenjera ayo anoita kuti munhu waanotaura naye ade kushandisa zano rake reuchenjeri. Mashoko ekuti ‘kukava zvibayiso’ anotorwa pane zvinoitwa nemombe inonetsa, iyo inopfura chibayiso chainenge yabayiwa nacho, yobva yakuvara.—Mab 26:14; Vat 3:31.
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Chidhindo.
Chinhu chaishandiswa kuisa mucherechedzo (kazhinji paivhu raishandiswa kuumba kana kuti panamo) wekuratidza muridzi wechinhu, kana kuratidza kuti chinhu ndechechokwadi, kana kuti kusimbisa chibvumirano. Zvidhindo zvekare zvaiva chinhu chakaomarara (dombo, nyanga yenzou, kana kuti muti) chiine mabhii kana kuti zviratidzo zvakaita zvekutemerwa zvakasunikwa. Chidhindo kana kuti chisimbiso chinoshandiswa zvekufananidzira sechinhu chinoratidza kuti chinhu ndechechokwadi, kana kuti chine muridzi, kana kuti chakavigwa kana kuti chakavanzika.—Eks 28:11; Ne 9:38; Zva 5:1; 9:4.
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Chidhori; Kunamata zvidhori.
Chidhori chifananidzo chechimwe chinhu, chingava chiri chinhu chaicho kana chekufungidzira, uye chinoshandiswa nevanhu pakunamata. Kunamata zvidhori kunosanganisira kuremekedza chidhori zvikuru, Pis 115:4; Mab 17:16; 1VaK 10:14.kuchida, uye kuchikudza.—
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Chigaro chekutonga.
Kazhinji kacho ichi chaiva chikuva chakakwirira chaikwirwa nemasitepisi icho chaigarwa nevakuru vakuru vachitaura nevanhu uye vachizivisa zvavanenge vasarudza. Mashoko ekuti “chigaro chaMwari chekutonga” neekuti “chigaro chekutonga chaKristu” anoreva urongwa hwaJehovha hwekutonga vanhu.—VaR 14:10; 2VaK 5:10; Joh 19:13.
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ChiGiriki.
Uyu mutauro unotaurwa nevanhu vekuGirisi. Munhu wekuGirisi kana kuti ane mhuri yakabva ikoko anonzi muGiriki. MuMagwaro echiKristu echiGiriki, vanhu vese vasiri vaJudha kana kuti vanhu vaigona kutaura chiGiriki kana vaitevedzera tsika dzevaGiriki vaingonzi vaGiriki.—Joe 3:6; Joh 12:20.
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Chingwa chekuratidza.
Zvingwa 12 zvaiturikidzaniswa patafura zviri mirwi miviri ine zvingwa 6 muNzvimbo Tsvene yetebhenekeri uye yetemberi. Zvainziwo “zvingwa zvinoturikidzaniswa.” Uyu mupiro waipiwa Mwari waichinjwa paSabata rega rega pachiiswa chingwa chitsva. Chingwa chinenge chabviswa chaiwanzodyiwa nevapristi chete. (2Mak 2:4; Mt 12:4; Eks 25:30; Re 24:5-9; VaH 9:2)—Ona Mashoko Ekuwedzera B5.
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Chipfuramabwe.
Tambo yakaita sebhandi iri yedehwe kana kuti yakaita zvekurukwa nezvinhu zvaitorwa pamhuka zvakadai semarunda kana kuti mvere. Pakati pacho, apo pakanga pakati farei, ndipo paiiswa chinhu chaida kupotserwa, kazhinji dombo. Kumwe kumucheto kwacho kwaisungirirwa paruoko kumwe kwacho kwakaita zvekubatwa kwozoregedzerwa pachaivheeretswa. Nyika dzekare dzaishandisa zvipfuramabwe muhondo.—Vat 20:16; 1Sa 17:50.
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Chipupuriro.
Kazhinji panenge pachinzi “Chipupuriro” panenge pachitaurwa nezveMirayiro Gumi iya yakanyorwa pamahwendefa maviri edombo akapiwa Mozisi.—Eks 31:18.
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Chiratidzo.
Chinhu chinooneka, kana chiito, kana mamiriro ezvinhu, kana kuti kuitika kwezvinhu kusina kujairika kune zvakunoreva kuchitaura nezvechimwe chinhu, chingava chiripo kana kuti chichaitika.—Ge 9:12, 13; 2Mad 20:9; Mt 24:3; Zva 1:1.
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Chirevo.
Uku kutaura kweuchenjeri kana kuti kanyaya kanopa chidzidzo kana kuti kanobudisa chokwadi chakadzama mumashoko mashomanana. Chirevo chemuBhaibheri chinogona kunge chichida kudzamisa pfungwa kuti uchinzwisise kana kuti chinogona kunge chiri chirahwe. Chirevo chinenge chichibudisa chokwadi chichishandisa mutauro unonwisa mvura, kazhinji kacho zviri zvekufananidzira. Zvimwe zvirevo zvakapedzisira zvava matauriro anongoitwa nevanhu vese kana vachinyomba kana kuti kutsvinya.—Mup 12:9; 2Pe 2:22.
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Chisimbiso.—
Ona CHIDHINDO.
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Chisviniro chewaini.
Kazhinji aya aiva makomba maviri aicherwa padombo reraimu, rimwe riri nechepamusoro rimwe riri pazasi, achibatanidzwa nekamugero. Mazambiringa paaitsikwa-tsikwa mugomba repamusoro, muto wacho waiyerera uchipinda mune repazasi. Shoko racho rinoshandiswa zvekufananidzira panenge pachitaurwa nezvemutongo waMwari.—Isa 5:2; Zva 19:15.
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Chivanze.
Iyi yaiva nzvimbo yainge yakapoteredza tebhenekeri yakavharwa kumativi ese. Pakazovakwa temberi, iyi yaiva nzvimbo yainge yakatenderedzwa nemadziro yaiva yakapoteredza temberi. Atari yekupisira zvibayiro yaigara muchivanze chetebhenekeri uye chivanze chemukati chetemberi chaivawo neatari. (Ona Mashoko Ekuwedzera B5, B8, neB11.) Bhaibheri rinoratidzawo kuti dzimwe dzimba nemizinda zvaiva nezvivanze.—Eks 8:13; 27:9; 1Mad 7:12; Es 4:11; Mt 26:3.
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Choto.
Ichi chaiva chivakwa chaishandiswa pakugadzira simbi kana kuti pakudzinyungudutsa; chaishandiswawo kupisa hari nemimwe midziyo yevhu. Panguva dzinotaurwa muBhaibheri, zvoto zvaivakwa nezvidhinha kana kuti nematombo. Choto chekupisira hari nemimwe midziyo yevhu uye chekupisira raimu chainziwo bisiro.—Ge 15:17; Dha 3:17; Zva 9:2.
D
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Danda.
Bango raimiswa, munhu osungirirwa pariri. Raishandiswa mune dzimwe nyika pakuuraya munhu uye pakuisa chitunha chemunhu pachena kuti zviyambire vamwe vanhu kana kuti kungonyadzisa munhu wacho. VaAsiriya, avo vaizivikanwa nekuitira vanhu utsinye muhondo, vairembedza vanhu vavanenge vabata pamapango ane kumuromo kwakapinza vachiita zvekubaya munhu nepadumbu, bango racho richikwira muchipfuva. Asi mumutemo wevaJudha, vaya vaiwanikwa vapara mhosva dzakakura dzakadai sekumhura kana kunamata zvidhori vaitanga vaurayiwa vachiita zvekutemwa nematombo kana kuti neimwe nzira, zvitunha zvavo zvozorembedzwa pamatanda kana pamiti, kuti vamwe vatye kuzozviitawo. (Dhe 21:22, 23; 2Sa 21:6, 9) VaRoma dzimwe nguva vaingosungirira munhu padanda, izvo zvaigona kuita kuti atomboita mazuva ari mupenyu, ozofa nekurwadziwa, nenyota, nenzara, uye nekutsva nezuva. Pamwe pacho, sezvavakaita pana Jesu, vairoverera maoko nemakumbo zvemunhu wacho ari kupomerwa. (Ru 24:20; Joh 19:14-16; 20:25; Mab 2:23, 36)—Ona DANDA REKUTAMBUDZIRWA.
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Danda rekutambudzirwa.
Kushandurwa kweshoko rechiGiriki rekuti stau·rosʹ, zvichireva danda kana kuti bango rakaita zvekumiswa, serakarovererwa Jesu. Hapana uchapupu hunoratidza kuti shoko iri rechiGiriki raireva muchinjikwa, sewaishandiswa nevahedheni pakunamata mazana emakore Kristu asati auya panyika. Mashoko ekuti “danda rekutambudzirwa” anonyatsobudisa pfungwa yeshoko racho repakutanga, sezvo shoko rekuti stau·rosʹ rakashandiswawo kuratidza kutambudzwa uye kuzvidzwa kwaizoitwa vateveri vaJesu. (Mt 16:24; VaH 12:2)—Ona DANDA.
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Dangwe.
Makawanda macho shoko iri rinenge richireva mwana wekutanga wababa (kwete mwana wekutanga waamai). Bhaibheri rinoratidza kuti mwanakomana wedangwe airemekedzwa chaizvo mumhuri uye ndiye aisara achitungamirira mhuri kana baba vake vafa. Shoko racho raishandisirwawo mhuka yaitanga kuberekwa.—Eks 11:5; 13:12; Ge 25:33; VaK 1:15.
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Denda.
Uku kupararira kwechirwere chinotapukira chinokwanisa kubata vanhu vakawanda panguva imwe chete uye chichiuraya. Rinowanzobatana nemutongo unenge wabva kuna Mwari.—Nu 14:12; Eze 38:22, 23; Amo 4:10.
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Dhagoni.
Aiva mwari wevaFiristiya. Hazvizivikanwi kuti shoko iri rakabva nekupi, asi vamwe vaongorori vanoti rine chekuita neshoko rechiHebheru rekuti dagh (hove).—Vat 16:23; 1Sa 5:4.
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Dhariki.
Iyi yaiva mari yegoridhe yekuPezhiya yairema magiramu 8,4. (1Mak 29:7)—Ona Mashoko Ekuwedzera B14.
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Dhekaporisi.
Uyu mubatanidzwa wemaguta eGirisi, uye pakutanga maguta aya aiva gumi (deʹka, ishoko rechiGiriki rinoreva kuti “gumi,” uye rekuti poʹlis, rinoreva kuti “guta”). Dhekaporisi raivawo zita renharaunda yaiva kumabvazuva kweGungwa reGarireya neRwizi rwaJodhani, kunova ndiko kwaiva kwakawandira maguta acho. Mumaguta aya ndimo mainyanya kuitwa zvekutengeserana uye mainge makazara tsika dzechiGiriki. Jesu akapfuura nemunharaunda iyi, asi hapana panoratidza kuti akashanyira maguta acho. (Mt 4:25; Mk 5:20)—Ona Mashoko Ekuwedzera A7 neB10.
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Dhinari.
Iyi yaiva mari yekuRoma yesirivha yairema magiramu anenge 3,85 uye yaiva nemufananidzo waKesari kune rimwe divi. Ndiyo mari yaipiwa munhu kana ashanda zuva rimwe chete uye ndiwo “mutero” waibvisiswa muJudha mumwe nemumwe nevaRoma. (Mt 22:17, mashoko emuzasi; Ru 20:24)—Ona Mashoko Ekuwedzera B14.
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Dhiyabhorosi.
MuMagwaro echiKristu echiGiriki, iri izita rinoenderana nemabasa aSatani uye rinoreva kuti “munhu anosvibisa zita remumwe.” Satani akapiwa zita rekuti Dhiyabhorosi nekuti ndiye anonyanya kusvibisa zita dzvene raJehovha kupfuura vamwe vese, achimupomera nhema. Ndiyewo ari pamberi pakushora Jehovha neshoko rake rakanaka.—Mt 4:1; Joh 8:44; Zva 12:9.
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Dombo repakona.
Iri idombo rinoiswa pakona panosangana midhuri miviri uye rinoita kuti midhuri yacho ibatane uye isimbe. Pafaundesheni ndipo paiiswa dombo repakona rinokosha chaizvo uye pamasvingo eguta nezvivakwa zvaishandiswa neveruzhinji paiwanzoiswa dombo repakona rakasimba chaizvo. Mashoko ekuti dombo repakona anoshandiswa achifananidzira kusikwa kwenyika, uye Jesu anonzi “dombo repakona refaundesheni” reungano yechiKristu, iyo inofananidzwa neimba yemweya.—VaE 2:20; Job 38:6.
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Drakema.
MuMagwaro echiKristu echiGiriki, shoko iri rinoreva mari yesirivha yekuGirisi iyo yairema magiramu 3,4 panguva iyoyo. MuMagwaro echiHebheru munotaurwa nezvedrakema regoridhe remunguva yaitonga umambo hwePezhiya iro rinonzi rainge rakaenzana nedhariki. (Ne 7:70; Mt 17:24)—Ona Mashoko Ekuwedzera B14.
E
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Edhomu.
Iri nderimwe zita raIsau mwanakomana waIsaka. Vanhu vakabva kuna Isau (Edhomu) vakatora Seiri, nharaunda ine makomo iri pakati peGungwa Rakafa nechikamu cheGungwa Dzvuku chinonzi Gulf of ‘Aqaba. Nharaunda yacho yakazopedzisira yava kunzi Edhomu. (Ge 25:30; 36:8)—Ona Mashoko Ekuwedzera B3 neB4.
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Efa.
Uyu waiva mudziyo waishandiswa kuyera zvirimwa. Uwandu hwezvinhu zvaizara imomo hwainziwo efa. Efa yaiva marita 22 nekuti yainge yakaenzana nebhati iro raishandiswa kuyera zvinhu zvakaita semafuta. (Eks 16:36; Eze 45:10)—Ona Mashoko Ekuwedzera B14.
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Efodhi.
Ichi chaiva chipfeko chakaita seepuroni chaipfekwa nevapristi. Mupristi mukuru aipfeka efodhi yakasiyana nedzimwe iyo yaiva nehomwe yepachipfuva yainge yakaiswa matombo anokosha 12. (Eks 28:4, 6)—Ona Mashoko Ekuwedzera B5.
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Efremu.
Zita remwanakomana waJosefa wechipiri uye rakazopedzisira rava kushandisirwa rimwe dzinza revaIsraeri. Pashure pekunge vaIsraeri vapatsanuka, umambo hwemadzinza gumi hwakanga hwava kunzi Efremu, sezvo dzinza iri raiva nesimba kupfuura mamwe.—Ge 41:52; Jer 7:15.
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Eruri.
Zita remwedzi wechi6 pakarenda yaishandiswa nevaJudha panyaya dzekunamata pavakanga vadzoka kubva kuutapwa kuBhabhironi, uri wechi12 pakarenda yavaishandisa pane zvekurima. Waitangira pakati paAugust uchinoperera pakati paSeptember. (Ne 6:15)—Ona Mashoko Ekuwedzera B15.
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Etanimu.
Zita remwedzi wechi7 pakarenda yaishandiswa nevaJudha panyaya dzekunamata, uri wekutanga pakarenda yavaishandisa pane zvekurima. Waitangira pakati paSeptember uchinoperera pakati paOctober. VaJudha pavakanga vadzoka kubva kuBhabhironi wakanga wava kunzi Tishri. (1Mad 8:2)—Ona Mashoko Ekuwedzera B15.
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Ezhiya.
MuMagwaro echiKristu echiGiriki, iri izita reDunhu reRoma raibatanidza nharaunda yekumaodzanyemba yenyika yava kunzi Turkey, nezvimwe zvitsuwa zviri pedyo nemhenderekedzo yegungwa zvakadai seSamos nePatmos. Guta guru reEzhiya raiva Efeso. (Mab 20:16; Zva 1:4)—Ona Mashoko Ekuwedzera B13.
F
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Farao.
Madaidzirwo ekuremekedza aiitwa madzimambo eIjipiti. MuBhaibheri munotaurwa nezvavanaFarao vashanu nemazita avo (Shishaki, So, Tihaka, Neko, uye Hofra), asi vamwe havana kutaurwa mazita avo chaiwo, kusanganisira vaya vaitonga panguva dzaAbrahamu, Mozisi, naJosefa.—Eks 15:4; VaR 9:17.
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Fatomu.
Mafatomu anoshandiswa pakuyera kudzika kunenge kwakaita mvura. Fatomu rakaenzana nemamita 1,8. (Mab 27:28)—Ona Mashoko Ekuwedzera B14.
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Firistiya; VaFiristiya.
Nharaunda iri kumaodzanyemba kwemahombekombe eIsraeri iyo yakazotumidzwa kuti Firistiya. Vanhu vakatama vachibva kuKrete vaigara ikoko vainzi vaFiristiya. Dhavhidhi akavakurira, asi vakaramba vachizvitonga uye vaigara vari vavengi vevaIsraeri. (Eks 13:17; 1Sa 17:4; Amo 9:7)—Ona Mashoko Ekuwedzera B4.
G
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Gavhuna weruwa.
Gavhuna mukuru weruwa rwaiva pasi pedare reRoma rinogadza mitemo. Aiva nesimba rekutonga nyaya nerekuudza mauto zvekuita, uye kunyange zvazvo zvaaiita zvaigona kuongororwa nedare iri, aiva nesimba rakakura muruwa rwake.—Mab 13:7; 18:12.
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Gehena.
Iri izita rechiGiriki reBani raHinomu raiva nechekumaodzanyemba kweJerusarema. (Jer 7:31) Rakataurwa muuprofita kuti raizozara nezvitunha. (Jer 7:32; 19:6) Hapana uchapupu hunoratidza kuti mubani iri makambokandwa vanhu, vachipiswa vari vapenyu kana kuti vachirwadziswa imomo. Hapanawo uchapupu hwekuti mhuka dzakamboitwawo saizvozvo imomo. Saka Gehena harimiririri nzvimbo isingaoneki inopiswa mweya yevanhu mumoto nekusingaperi. Asi shoko racho rakashandiswa naJesu nevadzidzi vake richimiririra kurangwa kunonzi “rufu rwechipiri,” kureva kuparadzwa zvachose.—Zva 20:14; Mt 5:22; 10:28.
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Gera.
Uhwu uremu hwakaenzana nemagiramu 0,57. Rinopinda ka20 mushekeri. (Re 27:25)—Ona Mashoko Ekuwedzera B14.
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Giriyedhi.
Iyi inzvimbo yaiva nevhu rakaorera kumabvazuva kweRwizi rwaJodhani, iyo yaitambanuka ichienda kuchamhembe uye kumaodzanyemba kweBani reJabhoki. Dzimwe nguva raishandiswa richireva nharaunda yese yenyika yeIsraeri yekumabvazuva kwaJodhani, iyo yaigara dzinza raRubheni, raGadhi, nehafu yedzinza raManase. (Nu 32:1; Jos 12:2; 2Mad 10:33)—Ona Mashoko Ekuwedzera B14.
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Gititi.
Iri ishoko risingazivikanwi zvarinoreva raishandiswa pane zvekuimba, asi zvinoita sekuti rakabva pashoko rechiHebheru rekuti gath. Vamwe vanofunga kuti uyu mutinhimira waishandiswa panziyo dzaiimbwa pakugadzira waini, sezvo shoko rekuti gath richireva kuti chisviniro chewaini.—Pis 81:Sum.
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Gomba rakadzikadzika.
Rakabva pashoko rechiGiriki rekuti aʹbys·sos rinoreva “kudzika zvakanyanyisa” kana kuti “ziendanakuenda, risingagumi.” Rinoshandiswa muMagwaro echiKristu echiGiriki richireva kusakwanisa kuita chimwe chinhu kana kuti kuiswa munzvimbo yekuti haukwanisi kubuda. Zvarinoreva zvinosanganisira guva nezvimwewo.—Ru 8:31; VaR 10:7; Zva 20:3.
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Gungano.
Ava vanhu vanoungana panguva yakasarudzwa. MuMagwaro echiHebheru, shoko racho rinoshandiswa richireva kuungana kwaiitwa nevaIsraeri pamitambo yavo yekunamata kana kuti pazviitiko zvenyika zvinokosha.—Dhe 16:8; 1Mad 8:5.
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Gungwa remoto.
Iyi haisi nzvimbo chaiyo ‘inopfuta moto nesarufa’ asi ndeyekungofananidzira. Gungwa remoto rinonziwo “rufu rwechipiri.” Gungwa iri rinokandwa Dhiyabhorosi nevaya vanotadza vasingadi kusiya zvakaipa zvavo, nerufu neGuva (kana kuti Hadhesi). Sezvo mugungwa remoto muchikandwa Dhiyabhorosi uyo ane muviri wemweya uyewo muchikandwa rufu neHadhesi, izvo zvisingatsvi nemoto, zviri pachena kuti gungwa iri rinofananidzira kuparadzwa zvachose, kwete kurwadziswa kusingaperi.—Zva 19:20; 20:14, 15; 21:8.
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Guta raDhavhidhi.
Iri izita rakapiwa guta reJebhusi parakakundwa naDhavhidhi achibva avaka muzinda wake imomo. Rinonziwo Ziyoni. Riri nechekumaodzanyemba muJerusarema uye ndiro chikamu cheJerusarema chekare kupfuura zvimwe.—2Sa 5:7; 1Mak 11:4, 5.
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Guva.
Parinenge riina “g” mudiki, rinenge richireva guva rimwe chete; parinenge riina “G” muhombe, rinenge richireva kufa kunongoita vanhu vese, uye rinoreva zvakafanana neshoko rechiHebheru rekuti “Sheori” uye rechiGiriki rekuti “Hadhesi.” Rinotaurwa muBhaibheri senzvimbo Ge 47:30; Mup 9:10; Mab 2:31.yekufananidzira kana kuti mamiriro ezvinhu ekuti munhu anenge asisina chaanoziva kana chaanoita.—
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Gwaro.
Gwaro kana kuti bhuku rekare panguva yainyorwa Bhaibheri raiva chinhu chakaita sepepa chaigadzirwa nenhokwe kana kuti nedehwe chaimonerwa pachimuti. Magwaro ematehwe aigadzirwa nematehwe emakwai, embudzi kana emhuru uye aigara kwenguva refu kupfuura enhokwe. Mabhuku ematehwe anotaurwa naPauro aakakumbira Timoti kuti amuunzire angangodaro aiva Magwaro echiHebheru. Mamwe magwaro akawanikwa muGungwa Rakafa akanga akanyorerwa pamatehwe.—Jer 36:4, 18, 23; Ru 4:17-20; 2Ti 4:13.
H
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Hadhesi.
Iri ishoko rechiGiriki rakafanana nerechiHebheru rekuti “Sheori.” Rinoshandurwa kuti “Guva” (riina G muhombe), richireva kufa kunongoita vanhu vese.—Ona GUVA.
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Hemesi.
Mwari wevaGiriki, uyo aiva mwanakomana waZeusi. MuRistra, vanhu vakatanga kudana Pauro kuti Hemesi, vachimuona samwari iyeye uyo aionekwa semutumwa wavanamwari uye samwari wekugona kutaura.—Mab 14:12.
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Herodhi.
Zita remhuri yemadzimambo aitonga vaJudha ayo aigadzwa nevaRoma. Herodhi akakurumbira aizivikanwa nekuvakazve temberi muJerusarema, uye nekutuma kwaakaita vanhu kuti vauraye vana, achida kuuraya Jesu. (Mt 2:16; Ru 1:5) Herodhi Akerausi naHerodhi Andipasi, avo vaiva vanakomana vaHerodhi akakurumbira, vakagadzwa kuti vatonge dzimwe nharaunda dzaiva pasi pababa vavo. (Mt 2:22) Andipasi aiva “mutongi weruwa,” uyo aishevedzwa neruzhinji kuti “mambo.” Andipasi ndiye aitonga pamakore matatu nehafu eushumiri hwaKristu, uye akapfuurira achitonga kunosvika pazviitiko zviri muchitsauko 12 chaMabasa. (Mk 6:14-17; Ru 3:1, 19, 20; 13:31, 32; 23:6-15; Mab 4:27; 13:1) Pashure paizvozvo, Herodhi Agripa I, muzukuru waHerodhi akakurumbira, akaurayiwa nengirozi yaMwari asina nguva yakareba atanga kutonga. (Mab 12:1-6, 18-23) Mwanakomana wake, Herodhi Agripa II, akapinda pachigaro uye akatonga kusvika panguva yakapandukirwa Roma nevaJudha.—Mab 23:35; 25:13, 22-27; 26:1, 2, 19-32.
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Higayoni.
Iri ishoko raishandiswa pakuratidza kuti mumhanzi unofanira kuimbwa sei. Semashandisirwo akaitwa shoko racho pana Pisarema 9:16, rinogona kunge richireva kuti vaimbi vaimbomira zvine ruremekedzo poridzwa rudimbwa rune mutinhimira webhesi kana kuti rinogona kureva kumbomira kuimba zvichipa vanhu mukana wekudzamisa pfungwa.
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Hini.
Uhu uwandu hwezvinhu zvakadai semafuta uye shoko racho rinorevawo mudziyo waishandiswa kuyera uwandu hwacho. Hini yakanga yakaenzana nemarita 3,67 zvichitorerwa pane zvakataurwa nemunyori wezvakaitika kare Josephus kuti hini yaiva yakaenzana neuwandu hunosvika makowe maviri ekuAtene. (Eks 29:40)—Ona Mashoko Ekuwedzera B14.
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Hisopi.
Iri igwenzi rine mapazi nemashizha akapfava, raishandiswa kusasa ropa kana kuti mvura panguva yekuchenesa. Rinogona kunge raiva gwenzi rinonzi marjoram (Origanum maru; Origanum syriacum). Pana Johani 19:29, hisopi inogona kunge yaiva marjoram yaiva pabazi kana kuti yaiva mhando yemapfunde anonzi Sorghum vulgare, nekuti mapfunde iwayo ane shanga rakareba zvekuti raigona kusvitsa siponji yaiva newaini pamuromo waJesu.—Eks 12:22; Pis 51:7.
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Homeri.
Uhwu uwandu hwezvinhu zvakadai sezvirimwa hwakaenzana nekori. Pachishandiswa uwandu hunofungidzirwa kuti ndihwo hunozadza mudziyo webhati, homeri uwandu hwaizadza midziyo 10 yemarita 22. (Re 27:16)—Ona Mashoko Ekuwedzera B14.
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Homwe yekuisira waini.
Iyi yaigadzirwa pachishandiswa dehwe rese remhuka yakadai sembudzi kana gwai. Waini yaiiswa muhomwe dzematehwe itsva, nekuti waini painenge ichivira, inoita kuti chihomwe chacho chifute. Homwe itsva dzinobvuma kufutunuka asi tsaru dzinobvaruka kana waini yava kuvira.—Jos 9:4; Mt 9:17.
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Homwe yepachipfuva.
Iyi ihomwe yaiva nematombo anokosha yaipfekwa nemupristi mukuru pachipfuva, pese paaipinda muNzvimbo Tsvene. Yainzi “homwe yepachipfuva yekutonga” nekuti yaiva neUrimu neTumimu, iyo yaishandiswa pakuratidza mitongo yaJehovha. (Eks 28:15-30)—Ona Mashoko Ekuwedzera B5.
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Horebhi.
Iyi inharaunda ine makomo yakapoteredza Gomo reSinai. Gomo reSinai rinonziwo Gomo reHorebhi. (Eks 3:1; Dhe 5:2)—Ona Mashoko Ekuwedzera B3.
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Hundi.
Aya makoto kana kuti marara anobva patsanga dzezvirimwa pakupura kana kuti pakuurutsa. Shoko racho rinoshandiswa richifananidzira zvinhu zvisina maturo uye zvisingadiwi.—Pis 1:4; Mt 3:12.
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Huyo.
Panguva dzinotaurwa muBhaibheri, huyo yaiva dombo reraundi raiiswa pamusoro perimwe rakafanana naro uye raishandiswa pakukuya zvirimwa. Pakati pedombo repasi paiiswa chimuti chakatarisa mudenga uye dombo repamusoro raipfekerwawo pachimuti chacho paraitenderedzwa richikuya. Kwaiva nemakuyo aishandiswa nevakadzi ayo aiwanika mumisha yakawanda. Sezvo guyo riri iro raishandiswa nemhuri kuti iwane chekudya, Mutemo waMozisi wairambidza kutorera munhu guyo rake kana huyo yake uchibatira chikwereti. Kwaivawo nemazitombo Dhe 24:6; Mk 9:42.makuru aitenderedzwa nezvipfuwo aishandiswa pakukuya.—
I
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Iririkumu.
Iri idunhu reRoma riri nechekuchamhembe kweGirisi. Pauro akasvika ikoko paaiita ushumiri hwake, asi hazvizikanwi kuti akaparidzira muIririkumu here kana kuti akangoperera mudhuze mayo. (VaR 15:19)—Ona Mashoko Ekuwedzera B13.
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Israeri.
Iri izita rakapiwa Jakobho naMwari. Rakapedzisira rava kushandiswa richireva vanhu vese vakabva kwaari. Vanhu vakabva kuvanakomana 12 vaJakobho vaishevedzwa kuti vanakomana vaIsraeri, imba yaIsraeri, vanhu veIsraeri, varume veIsraeri kana kuti vaIsraeri. Zita racho raishandiswawo richireva umambo hwekuchamhembe hwemadzinza gumi uhwo hwakabva muumambo hwekumaodzanyemba, uye rinoshandiswawo richireva vaKristu vakazodzwa, “Israeri waMwari.”—VaG 6:16; Ge 32:28; 2Sa 7:23; VaR 9:6.
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Itiopiya.
Iyi yaiva nyika yekare yaiva kumaodzanyemba kweIjipiti. Nharaunda yenyika yacho yaisanganisira chikamu chekuzasi zasi kwenyika yava kunzi Egypt mazuva ano uye hafu yekumusoro yenyika yava kunzi Sudan. Shoko iri rinoshandiswawo kushandura shoko rechiHebheru rekuti “Kushi.”—Es 1:1.
J
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Jakobho.
Uyu aiva mwanakomana waIsaka naRibheka. Mwari akazomupa zita rekuti Israeri, uye akabva azova tateguru wevanhu veIsraeri (avo vainziwo vaIsraeri, uye vakazonziwo vaJudha nekufamba kwenguva). Aiva nevanakomana 12, avo vakabereka vana vakazova madzinza 12 evaIsraeri. Zita rekuti Jakobho rakaramba richishandiswa richireva rudzi rwese rwevaIsraeri.—Ge 32:28; Mt 22:32.
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Jedhutuni.
Shoko iri rinowanika pamashoko ekusuma eMapisarema 39, 62, ne77 uye hazvinyatsozivikanwi kuti rairevei. Zvinoita sekuti mashoko aya ekusuma airatidza zvaifanira kuitwa pakuimba Pisarema, zvimwe achiratidza maimbiro acho kana kuti chiridzwa chaifanira kushandiswa. Paiva nemuRevhi ainzi Jedhutuni uyo aiva muimbi, saka maimbiro acho kana kuti chiridzwa chacho zvinogona kunge zvaiva nechekuita naye kana kuti nevanakomana vake.
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Jehovha.
Iri izita raMwari rakashandurwa kubva mumabhii mana echiHebheru, iro rinowanika kanopfuura ka7 000 muBhaibheri rino.—Ona Mashoko Ekuwedzera A4 neA5.
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Joko.
Danda raiiswa pamapfudzi nemunhu, kumativi aro kwakarembedzwa zvinhu zvinenge zvakatakurwa, kana kuti danda raiiswa pamitsipa yemhuka (kunyanya mombe) pakurima kana kuti pakudhonza ngoro. Sezvo varanda vaiwanzoshandisa majoko kutakura zvinhu zvinorema, joko raishandiswa zvekufananidzira richimiririra uranda kana kuti kuva pasi pemumwe munhu, uyewo kudzvinyirirwa nekutambudzwa. Kubvisa joko kana kuti kutyora joko kwaireva kusunungurwa pauranda, paudzvinyiriri, uye pakubatwa zvakaipa.—Re 26:13; Mt 11:29, 30.
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Jubheri.
Iri igore rechi50 rega rega, kubva pakapinda vaIsraeri muNyika Yakapikirwa. Nyika yaisafanira kurimwa mugore reJubheri uye varanda vechiHebheru vaifanira kusunungurwa. Munda wainge watengeswa waidzorerwa kana wainge uri nhaka. Tingatoti gore reJubheri rese zvaro, raiva gore remutambo, gore rekusunungurwa raiita kuti vanhu vadzokerezve pavaiva panguva yavakaitwa rudzi naMwari.—Re 25:10.
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Judha.
Mwanakomana waJakobho wechina waakabereka nemudzimai wake Reya. Paakanga ava kufa, Jakobho akaprofita kuti mumhuri yaJudha maizova nemutongi ane simba uye anogara nekusingaperi. Jesu paakauya pasi pano akaberekwa mudzinza raJudha. Zita rekuti Judha raishandiswawo richireva dzinza uye rakazotanga kushandiswa richireva umambo. Umambo hwacho hwainzi umambo hwekumaodzanyemba, uye hwaiva nemadzinza maviri aIsraeri anoti rekwaJudha nerekwaBhenjamini, pamwe chete nevapristi nevaRevhi. Umambo hweJudha hwaiva kumaodzanyemba kwenyika yacho, huchibatanidza Jerusarema netemberi.—Ge 29:35; 49:10; 1Mad 4:20; VaH 7:14.
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Kadheya.
Pakutanga shoko iri raireva nharaunda iri pedyo nepanodira rwizi rwaTigirisi nerwaYufratesi mugungwa. Vanhu vaigara munharaunda yacho vainzi vaKadheya. Nekufamba kwenguva shoko rekuti Kadheya rakatanga kushandiswa richireva nyika yeBhabhironia uye rekuti vaKadheya richireva vanhu vemo. Zita rekuti “vaKadheya” raishandisirwawo vanhu vakadzidza, avo vaidzidza nezvesainzi, nyaya dzekare, mitauro, uye zvemuchadenga, asi vachiitawo zvemashiripiti, variwo vazivi venyeredzi.—Ezr 5:12; Dha 4:7; Mab 7:4.
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Kamuti kanovava.
Aya makwenzi akasiyana-siyana anovava zvisingaiti uye anonhuwa zvakasimba. Kamuti kanovava kanotaurwa muBhaibheri kachifananidzira zvakaipira kusazvibata, uranda, kusatonga zvakarurama, uye kutsauka pakutenda. Pana Zvakazarurwa 8:11, “kamuti kanovava” kari kutaurwa ipapo kari kureva chinhu chinovava chine muchetura.—Dhe 29:18; Zvi 5:4; Jer 9:15; Amo 5:7.
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Karata katsvene.
Kanonziwo chiratidzo chitsvene chekuzvitsaurira uye kaigadzirwa negoridhe. Karata aka kainge kakanyorwa mashoko Eks 39:30)—Ona Mashoko Ekuwedzera B5.echiHebheru anoreva kuti “Utsvene ndehwaJehovha.” Kaiiswa pangowani yemupristi mukuru nechepahuma. (
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Kasiya.
Inotorwa pamuti unonzi mukasiya (Cinnamomum cassia), wemhando imwe chete nemuti unonzi musinamoni. Kasiya yaishandiswa sezvinonhuwirira uye yaisanganiswawo nezvimwe pakugadzira mafuta matsvene ekuzodza nawo.—Eks 30:24; Pis 45:8; Eze 27:19.
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Kebhu.
Pachishandiswa uwandu hunofungidzirwa kuti ndihwo hunozadza mudziyo webhati, kebhu uwandu hwaizadza mudziyo wemarita 1,22. (2Mad 6:25)—Ona Mashoko Ekuwedzera B14.
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Kemoshi.
Uyu aiva mwari mukuru wevaMoabhi.—1Mad 11:33.
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Kenani.
Muzukuru waNoa, uye mwanakomana waHamu wechina. Madzinza 11 akabva kuna Kenani akazogara munharaunda iri kumabvazuva kweGungwa reMedhitereniyeni pakati peIjipiti neSiriya. Nharaunda iyoyo yainzi “nyika yeKenani.” (Re 18:3; Ge 9:18; Mab 13:19)—Ona Mashoko Ekuwedzera B4.
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Kesari.
Iri raiva zita remhuri yekuRoma rakazova zita raidanwa vatongi muumambo hweRoma. Zita racho rinoshandiswa pana Agasto, Tibheriyo, naKraudhiyo avo vanotaurwa nemazita avo muBhaibheri, uye rinoshandiswawo pana Nero kunyange zvazvo asingataurwi nezita. Zita rekuti “Kesari” rinoshandiswawo muMagwaro echiKristu echiGiriki richireva vane masimba munyika kana kuti hurumende.—Mk 12:17; Mab 25:12.
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Keteni.
Iri raiva jira rakanaka chaizvo raiva rakarukirirwa makerubhi raiparadzanisa Nzvimbo Tsvene neNzvimbo Tsvenetsvene yetebhenekeri uye yetemberi. (Eks 26:31; 2Mak 3:14; Mt 27:51; VaH 9:3)—Ona Mashoko Ekuwedzera B5.
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Kisrevhi.
Zita remwedzi wechi9 pakarenda yaishandiswa nevaJudha panyaya dzekunamata pavakanga vadzoka kubva kuutapwa kuBhabhironi, uri wechitatu pakarenda yavaishandisa pane zvekurima. Waitangira pakati paNovember uchinoperera pakati paDecember. (Ne 1:1; Zek 7:1)—Ona Mashoko Ekuwedzera B15.
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Korari.
Ichi chinhu chakaomarara chakaita sedombo chinoumbwa nemabhonzo etupukanana twemugungwa. Makorari anowanikwa mugungwa uye ane mavara akasiyana-siyana. Mamwe acho matsvuku, mamwe machena uye mamwe matema zvichingodaro. Makorari akawanda aiwanikwa muGungwa Dzvuku. Panguva inotaurwa muBhaibheri, makorari matsvuku aikosheswa chaizvo uye aigadziriswa zvishongo.—Zvi 8:11.
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Kori.
Tichishandisa uwandu hunofungidzirwa kuti ndihwo bhati iro raishandiswa kupima zvinhu zvakaita semafuta, tinoona kuti kori uwandu hwezvinhu zvinozadza midziyo 10 yemarita 22. Makori aishandiswa kupima zvinhu zvakadai semafuta nefurawa. (1Mad 5:11)—Ona Mashoko Ekuwedzera B14.
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Kristu.
Iri izita rinodanwa Jesu rinobva pashoko rechiGiriki rekuti Khri·stosʹ, iro rinoreva zvakafanana nerechiHebheru rinoshandurwa kuti “Mesiya” kana kuti “Muzodziwa.”—Mt 1:16; Joh 1:41.
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Kubhiti.
Uhwu urefu hungaenzana nekureba kwakaita ruoko rwemunhu kubva pagokora kunosvika panoperera munwe wepakati. VaIsraeri vaiwanzoshandisa kubhiti raiva rakareba masendimita angasvika 44,5 asi vaishandisawo kubhiti refu raiwedzerwa upamhi hwechanza, iro rainge rakareba masendimita angasvika 51,8. (Ge 6:15; Ru 12:25)—Ona Mashoko Ekuwedzera B14.
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Kuchecheudzwa.
Shoko iri rinoreva kubviswa kweganda repamberi revanhurume. Abrahamu nevana vake vakanzi vaifanira kuchecheudzwa, asi vaKristu havasungirwi havo kuchecheudzwa. Rinoshandiswa mune dzimwe ndima dzeBhaibheri richifananidzira zvimwe zvinhu.—Ge 17:10; 1VaK 7:19; VaF 3:3.
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Kuchema.
Uku kuratidza kurwadziwa nekufirwa kana kuti nerimwewo dambudziko. Panguva dzinotaurwa muBhaibheri, vanhu vaiwanzochema kwenguva yakareba. Vanhu vaichema vachiridza mhere, vaiisa madota mumusoro, vaibvarura nguo dzavo, vaizvirova pachipfuva, uye vane zvavaipfeka vachiratidza kurwadziwa. Dzimwe nguva pamariro paishevedzwa vanhu vaiita basa rekuchema kuti vauye kuzochema mufi.—Ge 23:2; Es 4:3; Zva 21:4.
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Kuchena.
MuBhaibheri, shoko iri haringorevi kuchena muviri chete asi rinorevawo kuramba usina chipomerwa kana kuti pakakanganisika uye usina kusviba kana kushatiswa tsika dzako kana kuti pakunamata. Shoko racho rinorevawo kuchenesa zvinenge zvambokanganiswa kana kuti zvasvibiswa. MuMutemo waMozisi munhu kana kuti chinhu chainzi chachena pachitariswa zvaitaurwa muMutemo wacho.—Re 10:10; Pis 51:7; Mt 8:2; 1VaK 6:11.
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Kudarika.
Kutyora mutemo. MuBhaibheri shoko iri rakafanana nerekuti “chivi.”—Pis 32:5; VaE 2:1.
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Kudya kwaShe Kwemanheru.
Uku kuyeukwa kwerufu rwaJesu. Pachiitiko chacho panenge paine chingwa chisina mbiriso newaini izvo zvinomiririra muviri neropa raKristu. Sezvo Magwaro achiti vaKristu vanofanira kuchengeta Kudya kwaShe Kwemanheru, zvakakodzera kuti kunzi “Chirangaridzo.”—1VaK 11:20, 23-26.
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Kugadzirira.
Aya ndiwo mashevedzerwo aiitwa zuva raiteverwa nezuva reSabata, paigadzirira vaJudha zvese zvavaizoda mangwana acho. Raiguma painyura zuva musi watava kuti weChishanu, panova ndipo paibva patanga Sabata. Zuva rechiJudha Mk 15:42; Ru 23:54.raitanga paivira zuva richipera paivira zuva mangwana acho.—
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Kugara kwemwedzi.
Zuva rekutanga remwedzi wega wega pakarenda yechiJudha iro raichengetwa sezuva raiungana vanhu pamwe chete vachiita mabiko nekupa zvibayiro. Nekufamba kwenguva rakazopedzisira rava zororo raikosha raichengetwa nenyika, vanhu vasingaiti mabasa.—Nu 10:10; 2Mak 8:13; VaK 2:16.
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Kugara nhaka.
Iyi itsika yakazoiswa muMutemo waMozisi. Patsika iyi, kana murume akafa asina mwanakomana, mudzimai wake airoorwa nemukoma kana munin’ina wemufi wacho, kuti abereke vana vaizochengetedza zita remufi.—Ge 38:8; Dhe 25:5.
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Kuisa maoko pamusoro.
Maoko aiiswa pamusoro wemunhu achizodzwa kuti aite basa rinokosha, kana kuti achikomborerwa, achirapwa kana kuti achipiwa chipo chemweya mutsvene. Dzimwe nguva maoko aiiswa pamusoro wemhuka inenge yava kuda kubayirwa.—Eks 29:15; Nu 27:18; Mab 19:6; 1Ti 5:22.
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Kunhonga zvinosaririra.
Uku kwaiva kuunganidza zvirimwa zvaisiyiwa nevakohwi vachiziva kana kuti zvavaipotsa. Mutemo waMozisi wakanga usingabvumiri vanhu kukohwa vachipedza zvese zvaiva kumapeto kweminda yavo kana kutemha maorivhi ese kana mazambiriringa. Mwari akapa varombo, vanotambudzika, nevatorwa, nenherera nechirikadzi kodzero yekutora zvaisaririra pakukohwa.—Rut 2:7.
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Kupfidza zvivi.
Maererano nemashandisirwo arinoitwa muBhaibheri, shoko iri rinoreva kuchinja pfungwa zvichibva pakuti munhu anenge azvidemba pamusoro pemararamiro ake, zviito zvake zvakaipa, kana kuti zvaatadza kuita. Kupfidza zvivi kwechokwadi kunoita kuti munhu achinje zvaanga achiita.—Mt 3:8; Mab 3:19; 2Pe 3:9.
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Kururama.
MuMagwaro, shoko iri rinoreva zvinhu zvinonzi zvakarurama kana kuti zvakaipa maererano nemaonero aMwari.—Ge 15:6; Dhe 6:25; Zvi 11:4; Zef 2:3; Mt 6:33.
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Kusachena.
Kunogona kureva tsvina yemuviri kana kuti kutyora mutemo unotaura nezvetsika. Asi muBhaibheri shoko racho rinowanzoreva zvinhu zvisingabvumirwi kana kuti zvisina kuchena maererano neMutemo waMozisi. (Re 5:2; 13:45; Mt 10:1; Mab 10:14; VaE 5:5)—Ona KUCHENA.
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Kutambudzika kukuru.
Shoko rechiGiriki rakashandurwa kuti “kutambudzika” rine pfungwa yekunetseka zvikuru, kana kuti kutambudzika nemhaka yemamiriro ezvinhu akaoma. Jesu akataura ‘nezvekutambudzika kukuru’ kusati kwamboitika kwaizoitika muJerusarema, uye munguva yemberi kutambudzika kwacho kwaizowira vanhu vese uye kunenge kuine chekuita nekuuya kwake “nekubwinya kukuru.” (Mt 24:21, 29-31) Achitsanangura nezvekutambudzika kwacho, Pauro akati Mwari acharanga “vaya vasingazivi Mwari nevaya vasingateereri mashoko akanaka” pamusoro paJesu Kristu. Akataurawo kuti zvaachaita izvozvo zvichange zvakarurama. Chitsauko 19 chaZvakazarurwa chinoratidza Jesu achitungamirira mauto ekudenga pakurwisana ‘nechikara nemadzimambo enyika nemauto awo.’ (2VaT 1:6-8; Zva 19:11-21) “Boka guru” rinoonekwa richipona pakutambudzika kukuru. (Zva 7:9, 14)—Ona AMAGEDHONI.
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Kutapwa.
Uku kubviswa munyika yako kana kuti kwaunogara, uye kazhinji zvichiitwa nevanhu vanenge vakunda nyika yacho. Shoko racho rechiHebheru rinoreva “kusimuka uchienda.” VaIsraeri vakambotapwawo. Vanhu vemuumambo hwekuchamhembe hwemadzinza gumi vakatapwa nevaAsiriya, uye nekufamba kwenguva vanhu vemuumambo hwekumaodzanyemba hwemadzinza maviri vakatapwa nevaBhabhironi. Vaya vakasara vari vapenyu kunyika idzodzo vakazodzorerwa kunyika yavo panguva yekutonga kwaMambo Koreshi wePezhiya.—2Mad 17:6; 24:16; Ezr 6:21.
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Kutsanya.
Uku kumborega kudya kwenguva yakati. VaIsraeri vaitsanya paZuva Rekuyananisira, panguva yekutambudzika, uye pavainge vachida kutungamirirwa naMwari. VaJudha vaitsanya kana pagore, vachiyeuka matambudziko akavawira munhoroondo yavo. VaKristu havasungirwi kutsanya.—Ezr 8:21; Isa 58:6; Ru 18:12.
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Kutsauka pakutenda.
Shoko racho muchiGiriki (a·po·sta·siʹa) rinobva pashoko rechiito rinoreva kuti “kumira kure nechimwe chinhu.” Shoko iri rekuti a·po·sta·siʹa rine pfungwa “yekusiya, kana kupanduka.” MuMagwaro echiKristu echiGiriki, mashoko ekuti “kutsauka pakutenda” anoshandiswa makawanda achireva vanhu vanosiya kunamata kwechokwadi.—Zvi 11:9; Mab 21:21; 2VaT 2:3.
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Kutuka.
Uku kutaura mashoko ekushurikidza munhu kana chimwe chinhu. Kutuka uku hakurevi kutaura mashoko ezvinyadzi kana ekushora munhu uchimurwadzisa wakatsamwa. Kazhinji kutuka kunenge kuri kuzivisa kuti zvakaipa zvichaitika kune mumwe munhu, uye kana kukaitwa naMwari kana kuti nemumwe munhu anenge apiwa simba rekuita izvozvo, mashoko acho ekutuka anenge ari euprofita.—Ge 12:3; Nu 22:12; VaG 3:10.
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Kuvapo.
Mudzimwe ndima muMagwaro echiKristu echiGiriki, shoko iri rinoshandiswa kutsanangura kuvapo kwaJesu Kristu saMambo kubvira pakugadzwa kwake kudenga saMambo Mesiya zvichienda mberi mumazuva ekupedzisira enyika ino. Kuvapo kwaKristu hakurevi kungouya achidzokera nekukurumidza; kunoitika kwenguva yakareba inocherechedzeka.—Mt 24:3.
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Kuyananisira.
MuMagwaro echiHebheru, kuyananisira kwaisanganisira kupa zvibayiro kuti vanhu vakwanise kuenda pamberi paMwari vachimunamata. MuMutemo waMozisi, zvibayiro zvaipiwa kunyanya paZuva Rekuyananisira gore negore kuti vanhu vayanane naMwari pasinei nezvivi zvavo, zvingava zvivi zvemunhu mumwe chete kana kuti zverudzi rwacho rwese. Zvibayiro izvozvo zvaimiririra chibayiro chaJesu chaakapa kamwe chete zvichibva zvakwana, kuti vanhu vanyatsoyananisirwa zvivi zvavo, uye kuti vawane mukana wekuyanana naJehovha.—Re 5:10; 23:28; VaK 1:20; VaH 9:12.
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Kuzvipira kuna Mwari.
Uku kuremekedza Jehovha Mwari zvikuru uye kumunamata nekumushumira, wakavimbika kuuchangamire hwake.—1Ti 4:8; 2Ti 3:12.
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Madhimoni.
Izvi zvisikwa zvemweya zvakaipa zvine simba rinopfuura revanhu. Pana Genesisi 6:2 zvisikwa izvi zvinonzi “vanakomana vaMwari wechokwadi” uye zvinonzi “ngirozi” pana Judha 6. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti hazvina kusikwa zvakaipa; asi ingirozi dzakapanduka dzikava vavengi vaMwari padzisina kuteerera Mwari mumazuva aNoa, dzichibva dzabatana naSatani pakupandukira Jehovha.—Dhe 32:17; Ru 8:30; Mab 16:16; Jak 2:19.
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Magumo enyika.
Iyi inguva apo nyika kana kuti mamiriro ezvinhu anotongwa naSatani anenge ava kusvika pakuguma. Ndiyowo nguva yekuvapo kwaKristu. Dzichitungamirirwa naJesu, ngirozi dzichabvisa “vakaipa pakati pevakarurama” dzovaparadza. (Mt 13:40-42, 49) Vadzidzi vaJesu vaida kuziva kuti nguva ‘yemagumo enyika’ ichasvika riini. (Mt 24:3) Asati adzokera kudenga, Jesu akaudza vateveri vake kuti aizova navo kusvikira panguva iyoyo.—Mt 28:20, mashoko emuzasi.
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Maguta ekupotera.
Aya aiva maguta evaRevhi aitizirwa nemunhu anenge auraya munhu netsaona, kuti asaurayiwa nemutsivi weropa. MuNyika Yakapikirwa maiva nemaguta 6 ekupotera aiva munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana. Jehovha ndiye akaudza Mozisi kuti asarudze maguta ekupotera uye akaudzawo Joshua izvozvo. Munhu ainge auraya munhu paaisvika kuguta rekupotera aitaura nyaya yake kuvakuru vaiva pagedhi reguta uye aitambirwa zvakanaka. Munhu wacho aifanira kunomira pamberi pedare muguta raainge aurayira munhu oonekwa kuti haana mhosva. Izvi zvaiitirwa kuti vaya vaiuraya munhu nemaune vasazopoterawo mumaguta acho. Kana munhu akaonekwa kuti haana kuuraya nemaune, aidzoserwa kuguta rekupotera uye aifanira kuramba ari muguta racho kweupenyu hwake hwese kana kuti kusvikira mupristi mukuru afa.—Nu 35:6, 11-15, 22-29; Jos 20:2-8.
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Magwaro.
Zvinyorwa zvitsvene zveShoko raMwari. Shoko iri rakashandiswa kakawanda muMagwaro echiKristu echiGiriki richireva Shoko raMwari.—Ru 24:27; 2Ti 3:16.
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Maharati.
Iri ishoko rinowanika mumashoko ekusuma paPisarema 53 ne88 uye zvinoratidza sekuti raishandiswa pane zvekuimba. Rinogona kunge richibva pashoko rechiito rechiHebheru rinoreva kuti “kupera simba; kurwara,” zvichiratidza kuti rwiyo rwacho rwaifanira kuimbwa vanhu vachiratidza kusuruvara. Izvi zvinoenderana nemashoko ekusuwa ari munziyo dzacho dziri mbiri.
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Maina.
Rinonziwo mane muna Ezekieri. Maina raishandiswa kupima uremu hwezvinhu uye raishandiswawo semari. Tichitorera pane zvakawanikwa nevanochera matongo, maina rainge rakaenzana nemashekeri 50, uye shekeri rairema magiramu 11,4, saka maina rinotaurwa muMagwaro echiHebheru rairema magiramu 570. Panogona kunge paivawo nemaina raishandiswa mumizinda yemadzimambo sezvo kwaivawo nekubhiti raishandiswa mumizinda yemadzimambo. Maina rinotaurwa muMagwaro echiKristu echiGiriki rainge rakaenzana nemadrakema 100. Rairema magiramu 340. Mamaina 60 ainge akaenzana netarenda rimwe chete. (Ezr 2:69; Ru 19:13)—Ona Mashoko Ekuwedzera B14.
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Maira.
Iri ishoko rinoshandiswa kuyera daro uye rinongowanika kamwe chete muzvinyorwa zvekutanga zveMagwaro echiKristu echiGiriki pana Mateu 5:41, uye rinogona kunge richireva maira reRoma iro rainge rakaenzana nemamita 1 479,5.
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Makedhoniya.
Iyi inharaunda yaiva kuchamhembe kweGirisi iyo yakaita mukurumbira panguva yaitonga Alexander uye yakaramba iine rusununguko kusvika payakazokundwa nevaRoma. Makedhoniya yaiva dunhu reRoma panguva yakaenda muapostora Pauro kuEurope kekutanga. Pauro akashanyira nharaunda yacho katatu. (Mab 16:9)—Ona Mashoko Ekuwedzera B13.
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Makerubhi.
Idzi ingirozi dzine chinzvimbo chepamusoro dzinoita mabasa akasiyana needzimwe. Dzakasiyana nemaserafi.—Ge 3:24; Eks 25:20; Isa 37:16; VaH 9:5.
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Makomo eRebhanoni.
Aya makomo ekuRebhanoni akaita ziendanakuenda uye kune nharaunda mbiri dzakadaro. Ekumavirira ndiwo anonzi Makomo eRebhanoni, asiwo kune mamwe ari kumabvazuva. Pakati pemakomo aya pane bani refu rakaorera. Makomo eRebhanoni anotangira pedyo nemahombekombe eMedhitereniyeni uye mamwe acho akareba mamita ari pakati pe1 800 ne2 100. Kare Rebhanoni yaiva yakazara miti yemisidhari iyo yaikosheswa chaizvo nevanhu vaigara pedyo nenharaunda iyi. (Dhe 1:7; Pis 29:6; 92:12)—Ona Mashoko Ekuwedzera B7.
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Makuva evanoyeukwa.
Aya makuva aivigwa vafi. Mashoko ekuti makuva evanoyeukwa akashandiswa pakushandura shoko rechiGiriki rekuti mne·meiʹon, rinobva pashoko rechiito rinoreva kuti “kuyeuchidza,” zvichiratidza kuti vafi vacho vachiri kuyeukwa.—Joh 5:28, 29.
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Mambokadzi Wedenga.
Zita rekuremekedza ramwarikadzi ainamatwa nevaIsraeri vainge vapanduka panguva dzaJeremiya. Vamwe vanoti rinoshandiswa pana mwarikadzi wevaBhabhironi Ishtari (Astarite). Zita remumwe mwari aimbovapo ainamantwa nevaSumeri, Inana, raireva kuti “Mambokadzi Wedenga.” Ainzi ndimwari wedenga ukuwo achinzi anoita kuti vanhu vakwanise kubereka. Astarite anonziwo “Amai Vedenga” pamamwe mashoko akaita zvekutemerwa akanyorwa nevaIjipiti.—Jer 44:19.
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Mamiriro ezvinhu.
Aya mashandurirwo akaitwa shoko rechiGiriki rekuti ai·onʹ parinenge richitaura nezvemamiriro akaita zvinhu pane imwe nguva kana kuti chizvarwa zvichisiyana neimwe nguva yakambovapo. Bhaibheri rinotaura ‘nezvemamiriro ezvinhu epanguva ino,’ richitaura mamiriro ezvinhu ari munyika yese kana kuti mararamiro evanhu vari munyika. (2Ti 4:10, mashoko emuzasi) Achishandisa sungano yeMutemo, Mwari akatanga mamiriro ezvinhu anogona kunzi nevamwe nguva yevaIsraeri kana kuti yevaJudha. Achishandisa rudzikinuro, Jesu Kristu akashandiswa naMwari kutangisa mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, anonyanya kuva nechekuita neungano yevaKristu vakazodzwa. Aya mamiriro ezvinhu akatangisa imwe nguva yaionekwa nekuzadziswa kwezvinhu zvaifananidzirwa nesungano yeMutemo. Pamwe pacho panenge pachitaurwa nezvemamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana-siyana akambovapo kana kuti achavapo.—Mt 24:3; Mk 4:19; VaR 12:2; 1VaK 10:11 (mashoko emuzasi).
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Mana.
Mana yaiva zvekudya zvevaIsraeri mumakore 40 avaiva murenje. Jehovha ndiye aivapa mana. Mangwanani ega ega kunze kwepaSabata, Jehovha aiita chishamiso chekuti mana iwanike pasi yakafukidzwa nedova. VaIsraeri pavakatanga kuiona vakati, “Chii ichi?” kana kuti muchiHebheru, “man huʼ?” (Eks 16:13-15, 35) Dzimwe nguva mana inonzi “zviyo zvekudenga” (Pis 78:24), ‘chingwa chaibva kudenga’ (Pis 105:40), uye “chingwa chevane simba” (Pis 78:25). Jesu akataurawo nezvemana achiifananidza nezvimwe zvinhu.—Joh 6:49, 50.
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Maperembudzi.
Ichi chirwere cheganda chakaipisisa. Chirwere chainzi maperembudzi muBhaibheri chakasiyana nechemazuva ano nekuti chaisangowanika pavanhu chete asiwo pazvipfeko uye padzimba.—Re 14:54; Ru 5:12.
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Marikamu.
Uyu anogona kunge ari Moreki, mwari mukuru wevaAmoni. (Zef 1:5)—Ona MOREKI.
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Maserafi.
Zvisikwa zvemweya zvinogara kudenga zvakapoteredza chigaro chaJehovha cheumambo. Shoko racho rechiHebheru rekuti sera·phimʹ, rikashandurwa sezvariri rinoreva kuti “vari kubvira.”—Isa 6:2, 6.
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Mashoko akanaka.
MuMagwaro echiKristu echiGiriki, aya mashoko akanaka eUmambo hwaMwari uye ekuponeswa kuburikidza nekutenda muna Jesu Kristu.—Ru 4:18, 43; Mab 5:42; Zva 14:6.
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Mashoko ekusuma.
Iyi isumo iri panotangira pisarema inoratidza munyori waro, zvakanga zvaitika parakanyorwa, maridzirwo arinofanira kuitwa, kana kuti mashoko anoratidza chinangwa charo.—Ona mashoko ekusuma eMapisarema 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 30, 38, 60, 92, 102.
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Maskiri.
Iri ishoko rechiHebheru rinowanika pamashoko ekusuma eMapisarema anosvika 13 uye hazvinyatsozivikanwi kuti rairevei. Rinogona kunge richireva kuti “detembo rekudzamisa pfungwa.” Vamwe vanofunga kuti shoko iri rinogona kunge richireva zvakafanana neshoko rarakada kufanana naro, rakashandurwa kuti ‘kushumira uchiratidza ungwaru.’—2Mak 30:22; Pis 32:Sum.
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Mazuva ekupedzisira.
Mashoko aya nemamwe akadai seekuti “pakunopera kwemazuva acho” anoshandiswa muuprofita huri muBhaibheri kureva nguva yekuti zvinhu zvinenge zvava kusvika kumagumo azvo. (Eze 38:16, mashoko emuzasi; Dha 10:14; Mab 2:17) Nguva yacho inogona kuva makore mashoma kana akawanda, zvichienderana nekuti uprofita hwacho huri kutaura nezvei. Bhaibheri rinotaurawo ‘nezvemazuva ekupedzisira’ richinyanya kureva nguva ino yatiri kurarama, iyo inonziwo nguva yekuvapo kwaJesu asingaoneki nevanhu.—2Ti 3:1; Jak 5:3; 2Pe 3:3.
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Mbato.
Iyi midziyo yaigadzirwa negoridhe yakada kuita sechigero kana kuti pinjisi yaishandiswa paidzimwa moto wemarambi mutebhenekeri uye mutemberi.—Eks 37:23, mashoko emuzasi.
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Mbiriso.
Mbiriso yaiiswa mumukanyiwa kana kuti muzvinwiwa kuti zvivire. Kakawanda kacho yaiva mukanyiwa wekare wakaviriswa ukachengetwa. Shoko racho rinonyanya kushandiswa muBhaibheri richireva chivi kana kuti uipi. Rinoshandiswawo richireva kukura kunoita chinhu kusingaoneki kana kupararira kwachinoita.—Eks 12:20; Mt 13:33; VaG 5:9.
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Mbiru.
Ichi chinhu chaimiswa chakatsigira chivakwa. Shoko racho raigona kushandiswawo pachimwe chinhu chinoratidzika saizvozvo. Dzimwe mbiru kana kuti shongwe dzaimiswa semucherechedzo wekupemberera chimwe chiitiko chinokosha. Mbiru dzakashandiswa pakavakwa temberi naSoromoni uye paakavaka zvivakwa zvemuzinda wake. Vanhu vechihedheni vaimisa mbiru kana kuti shongwe dzinoyera Vat 16:29; 1Mad 7:21; 14:23)—Ona MUSORO WEMBIRU.dzavaishandisa pakunamata kwavo kwenhema, uye vaIsraeri dzimwe nguva vaitevedzera kunamata kwakadaro. (
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Merodhaki.
Mwari mukuru muguta reBhabhironi. Mambo weBhabhironi Hammurabi uyo aidzika mitemo paakaita kuti guta reBhabhironi rive guta guru reBhabhironia, Merodhaki (kana kuti, Marduk) akabva atanga kuwedzera kuremekedzwa, uye akapedzisira ava kukudzwa kupfuura vamwe vanamwari veBhabhironi. Nekufamba kwenguva, zita rekuti Merodhaki (kana kuti, Marduk) rakazotsiviwa nerekuti “Belu” (“Muridzi”), uye Merodhaki akanga ava kunzi Bheri.—Jer 50:2.
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Mesiya.
Ishoko rakabva pashoko rechiHebheru rinoreva kuti “akazodzwa” kana kuti “muzodziwa.” Shoko racho rakafanana nerekuti “Kristu,” iro rakabva pashoko rechiGiriki.—Dha 9:25; Joh 1:41.
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Mhashu.
Mhashu idzi dzinobhururuka dzakawanda dzichibva kune imwe nzvimbo dzichienda kune imwe. Dzaiva pazvinhu zvakachena zvainzi zvinodyiwa muMutemo waMozisi. Padzaibhururuka dzakawanda dzichidya uye dzichiparadza zvinhu zvese, dzaionekwa sedambudziko.—Eks 10:14; Mt 3:4.
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Mhiko.
Aya mashoko aitaurwa nemunhu achipika, kuti aratidze kuti zvaari kutaura ichokwadi, kana kuti achivimbisa kuti ane zvaachaita kana kuti zvaasiri kuzoita. Kazhinji mhiko yaiitwa kumunhu ane simba kana kuti kuna Mwari. Jehovha akasimbisa sungano yake naAbrahamu achishandisa mhiko.—Ge 14:22; VaH 6:16, 17.
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Midziyo yekuisira madota; Midziyo yekuisira moto.
Iyi yaiva midziyo yegoridhe, nesirivha, kana mhangura, yaishandiswa patebhenekeri uye patemberi pakupisa rusenzi uye pakubvisa mazimbe paatari yekupisira zvibayiro, netambo dzinenge dzapera kubvira pachigadziko chemarambi egoridhe. Yainziwo midziyo yekupisira zvinonhuhwirira.—Eks 37:23; 2Mak 26:19; VaH 9:4.
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Mijenya.
Utwu tumatombo kana kuti tuzvidimbu twemiti twaishandiswa pakusarudza zvinhu. Twaiiswa muhomwe yenguo kana kuti mumudziyo twobva twakuchukudzwa. Mujenya waibuda kana kuti waitorwa imomo ndiwo unenge wasarudzwa. Kakawanda vanhu vainyengetera pavaiita izvi.—Jos 14:2; Pis 16:5; Zvi 16:33; Mt 27:35.
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Miktamu.
Iri ishoko rechiHebheru riri pamashoko ekusuma emapisarema anosvika 6 (Pis 16; 56-60). Harizivikanwi kuti rinorevei, asi rinogona kunge riine ukama neshoko rechiHebheru rinoreva kuti ‘mashoko akanyorwa achiita zvekutemererwa.’
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Mirikomu.
Uyu ndimwari ainamatwa nevaAmoni, uye anogona kunge ari iye Moreki. (1Mad 11:5, 7) Utongi hwaSoromoni pahwakanga hwava kunoguma, akavakira mwari uyu nzvimbo dzakakwirira.—Ona MOREKI.
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Moreki.
Uyu aiva mwari wevaAmoni. Anogona kunge ari iye Marikamu, Mirikomu, uye Moroki. Zita iri rinogona kunge raingova zita ravanamwari, kwete ramwari mumwe chete. Mutemo waMozisi waiti munhu wese aibayira vana vake kuna Moreki aifanira kuurayiwa.—Re 20:2; Jer 32:35; Mab 7:43.
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Moroki.—
Ona MOREKI.
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Muapostora.
Shoko racho rinoreva kuti “munhu anenge atumwa,” uye rinoshandiswa kuna Jesu uye kune vamwe vakatumwa kunoshumira vamwe. Makawanda macho rinoshandiswa richireva vadzidzi 12 vakasarudzwa naJesu kuti vamumiririre.—Mk 3:14; Mab 14:14.
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Mufemberi.
Munhu anoti anogona kuzivisa zvinhu zvichaitika. Vapristi vaiita zvemashiripiti, vazivi venyeredzi, nevamwe vakasiyana-siyana, vanonziwo vafemberi muBhaibheri.—Re 19:31; Dhe 18:11; Mab 16:16.
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Mugodhi.
Shoko rakashandurwa kuti mugodhi kana kuti tsime mune dzimwe nzvimbo rinenge risingatauri migodhi iya inocherwa kusvikira mvura yava kubuda. Iyi yaicherwa kuti ichengete mvura inenge yanaya kana kuti yaiyerera kubva muzvitubu. Kazhinji kacho yaivharwa pamusoro. Pamwe pacho yaicherwa pamatombo.—Dhe 6:11; 2Mak 26:10.
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MuHebheru.
Zita iri rakatanga kudanwa Abramu (Abrahamu), richimusiyanisa nevavakidzani vake vaAmori. Vanhu vakaberekwa nemuzukuru wake Jakobho vainzi vaHebheru, uye mutauro wavo wainzi chiHebheru. Pakazosvika nguva yaJesu, chiHebheru chakanga chava nemashoko akawanda echiAramaiki, uye ndiwo mutauro waitaurwa naJesu nevadzidzi vake.—Ge 14:13; Eks 5:3; Mab 26:14.
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MuJudha.
Iri izita raishevedzwa munhu wedzinza raJudha umambo hwemadzinza gumi eIsraeri pahwakanga hwaparara. (2Mad 16:6) Pashure pekunge vaJudha vadzoka kubva kuutapwa kuBhabhironi, zita iri rakatanga kushandiswa richireva vanhu vemadzinza akasiyana siyana evaIsraeri vainge vadzoka kunyika yeIsraeri. (Ezr 4:12) Rakazopedzisira rava kushandiswa munyika yese richisiyanisa vaIsraeri nevanhu vedzimwe nyika. (Ezr 4:12) Shoko racho rakashandiswawo naPauro paairatidza kuti muungano yechiKristu, rudzi rwemunhu haruna basa.—VaR 2:28, 29; VaG 3:28.
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MuKristu.
Iri izita rakapiwa vateveri vaJesu Kristu naMwari.—Mab 11:26; 26:28.
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Mukuru; Murume mukuru.
Murume abva zera, asi muMagwaro shoko racho rinoreva munhu ane chinzvimbo uye ane simba munharaunda kana kuti pavanhu verudzi rwake. Shoko racho rinoshandisirwawo Eks 4:29; Zvi 31:23; 1Ti 5:17; Zva 4:4.zvisikwa zvekudenga zvinotaurwa muna Zvakazarurwa. Shoko rechiGiriki rekuti pre·sbyʹte·ros rinoshandurwa kuti “mukuru” parinenge richireva vaya vanotungamirira muungano.—
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Mumiririri Mukuru.
Shoko racho rechiGiriki rinoreva kuti “Mutungamiriri Mukuru.” Shoko racho rinoratidza basa rinokosha raJesu rekusunungura vanhu vakatendeka pane zvese zvakakonzerwa nechivi uye rekuita kuti vazowana upenyu husingaperi.—Mab 3:15; 5:31; VaH 2:10; 12:2.
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MuNazareta.
Mashevedzerwo aiitwa Jesu nekuti aibva kuguta reNazareta. Zita iri rakada kufanana neshoko rechiHebheru rakashandiswa pana Isaya 11:1 rinoreva “nhungirwa.” Rakazoshandiswawo pavateveri vaJesu.—Mt 2:23; Mab 24:5.
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MuNaziri.
Iri ishoko rinobva pane rechiHebheru rinoreva kuti “Akaiswa Pake Ega,” kana kuti “Akatsaurwa,” kana kuti “Akaparadzaniswa Nevamwe.” Kwaiva nemhando mbiri dzevaNaziri: vaya vaizvipira vega kuva vaNaziri uye vaya vaiita zvekusarudzwa naMwari. Murume kana mukadzi aigona kuita mhiko kuna Jehovha yekuti ararame semuNaziri kwenguva yaaisarudza. Vaya vaiita mhiko iyi vachizvidira vane zvinhu zvitatu zvavaifanira kurega zvinoti: kunwa zvinwiwa zvinodhaka kana kudya zvinhu zvinogadzirwa nemazambiringa, kugerwa bvudzi, uye kubata chitunha. Vaya vaisarudzwa naMwari kuti vave vaNaziri vairamba vari vaNaziri kweupenyu hwese uye Jehovha aivaudza zvavaifanira kuita.—Nu 6:2-7; Vat 13:5.
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Munhu akasununguka; Munhu akasunungurwa.
Paitonga vaRoma, “munhu akasununguka” ndeuya aiberekwa aine kodzero dzese dzechizvarwa cheRoma. Asi ‘munhu akasunungurwa’ ndeuya aiita zvekusunungurwa kubva muuranda. Kusunungurwa zviri pamutemo kwaiita kuti munhu ave chizvarwa cheRoma, asi ainge asina kodzero yekuva nechigaro mune zvematongerwo enyika. Kusunungurwa zvisiri pamutemo kwaiita kuti munhu abve muuranda asi kwaisaita kuti ave nekodzero dzakakwana dzepamutemo.—1VaK 7:22.
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Munhu anopesana naKristu.
Shoko racho rechiGiriki rinogona kureva zvinhu zviviri. Rinoreva munhu anoramba kana kuti anopikisa Kristu. Rinogonawo kureva munhu anonyepedzera kuva Kristu, uya anozviisa pachinzvimbo chaKristu. Vanhu vese, nemasangano kana mapoka evanhu vanozviti ndivo Kristu kana kuti Mesiya kana vanopikisa Kristu nevadzidzi vake vanogona kunzi vanhu vanopesana naKristu.—1Jo 2:22.
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Munyori.
Munhu ainyora zviri muMagwaro echiHebheru achibvisa pane rimwe gwaro achiisa pane rimwe. Pakazouya Jesu panyika, zita iri raipiwa boka revanhu vakanga vakadzidza Mutemo. Vaipikisa Jesu.—Ezr 7:6; Mk 12:38, 39; 14:1.
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Muoni.
Munhu aibatsirwa naMwari kuti anzwisise kuda kwake, ainge avhurwa maziso ake kuti akwanise kuona kana kuti kunzwisisa zvisiri kuonekwa nevamwe vanhu vese. Shoko racho rechiHebheru rinobva pashoko rinoreva “kuona,” kungava kuona chaiko kana kuti kwekufananidzira. Muoni aiwanzobvunzwa nevanhu kana vachida mazano euchenjeri panyaya yavanenge vasangana nayo.—1Sa 9:9.
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Mupiro unovheyeswa.
Uyu waiva mupiro wekuti mupristi aiisa maoko ake pasi peemunamati anenge akabata chibayiro chiri kupiwa ochivheyesa; kana kuti mupristi pachake aivheyesa mupiro wacho. Izvi zvaimiririra kupa mupiro wezvibayiro kuna Jehovha.—Re 7:30.
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Mupiro wechinwiwa.
Uyu waiva mupiro wewaini uyo waidururwa paatari uye waipiwa pamwe chete nemimwe mipiro yakawanda. Pauro akataura nezvemupiro wechinwiwa achiufananidza nekuda kwaaiita kushanda nesimba achiitira vamwe vaKristu.—Nu 15:5, 7; VaF 2:17.
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Mupiro wekuonga.
Uyu mupiro werugare waipiwa Mwari nemunhu achitenda zvaakaitirwa uye achitenda rudo rwake rusingachinji. Nyama yemhuka yacho yechibayiro yaidyiwa pamwe nechingwa chacho chine mbiriso nechisina. Nyama yacho yaifanira kudyiwa musi iwoyo.—2Mak 29:31.
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Mupiro wemhiko.
Mupiro waibviswa nemunhu achizvidira paanenge achiita dzimwe mhiko.—Re 23:38; 1Sa 1:21.
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Mupiro wemhosva.
Uyu waiva mupiro waipiwa nemunhu kuti aregererwe zvivi zvake. Waiva wakati siyanei nemipiro yechivi pakuti waiita kuti mutadzi anenge asiya zvakaipa zvake awanezve kodzero dzaiva musungano yeMutemo dzaanenge arasikirwa nadzo nemhaka yechivi chaainge aita, zvoita kuti asarangwa.—Re 7:37; 19:22; Isa 53:10.
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Mupristi.
Murume aimiririra Mwari zviri pamutemo kuvanhu vaaishumira, achivadzidzisa nezvaMwari nemitemo yake. Vapristi vaimiririrawo vanhu pamberi paMwari, vachipa zvibayiro uye vachivakumbirira zvavanoda uye vachivareverera kuna Mwari. Mutemo waMozisi usati wavako, musoro wemba ndiwo waishanda semupristi wemhuri. MuMutemo waMozisi, varume vemba yaAroni vedzinza raRevhi ndivo vaiita basa reupristi. Vamwe vaRevhi vechirume vese vaiva vabatsiri vavo. Pakatangwa sungano itsva, vaIsraeri vemweya vakava rudzi rwevapristi, Jesu Kristu ari iye Mupristi Mukuru.—Eks 28:41; VaH 9:24; Zva 5:10.
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Mupristi mukuru.
Mumutemo waMozisi, uyu aiva mupristi aimiririra vanhu kuna Mwari uye ndiye aitungamirira vamwe vapristi. Anonziwo “mutungamiriri wevapristi.” (2Mak 26:20; Ezr 7:5) Ndiye chete aibvumidzwa kupinda muNzvimbo Tsvenetsvene, iyo yaiva imba yemukati yetebhenekeri uyewo yetemberi. Aipinda munzvimbo iyi paZuva Rekuyananisira kamwe chete pagore. Mashoko ekuti “mupristi mukuru” anoshandiswawo achireva Jesu Kristu.—Re 16:2, 17; 21:10; Mt 26:3; VaH 4:14.
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Muprofita.
Munhu anoshandiswa naMwari kuzivisa zvinangwa zvake. Vaprofita vaishanda sevatauriri vaMwari, vachisvitsa kuvanhu zvavaiudzwa naJehovha kuti zvaizoitika. Vaisangoudza vanhu zvichaitika chete asi vaivaudzawo dzidziso dzaJehovha, mirayiro yake, uye mitongo.—Am 3:7; 2Pe 1:21.
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Mura.
Yaiva namo inonhuhwirira yaitorwa pamakwenzi ane minzwa kana kuti pamiti midiki inonzi Commiphora. Mura yaisanganiswa nezvimwe pakugadzira mafuta matsvene ekuzodza nawo. Yaiiswa pazvipfeko kana pamibhedha kuti zvinhuhwirire uye yaiiswawo mumafuta aishandiswa pakukwiza miviri nemamwe mafuta ekuzora. Zvitunha zvaizorwawo mura zvisati zvavigwa.—Eks 30:23; Zvi 7:17; Joh 19:39.
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Murevereri.
Munhu anoyananisa vanhu vaviri. MuMagwaro, Mozisi ndiye murevereri wesungano yeMutemo uye Jesu ndiye murevereri wesungano itsva.—VaG 3:19; 1Ti 2:5.
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Murindi.
Munhu anochengetedza vanhu kana kuti zvinhu, kazhinji usiku, uye anogona kuzivisa vanhu kana akaona sekuti pane njodzi iri kuuya. Varindi vaiwanzomira pamusoro perusvingo rweguta uye panharire kuti vaongorore vanhu vari kuuya vasati vasvika pedyo. Muchiuto maivawo nevarindi. Vaprofita vaishanda sevarindi vekufananidzira murudzi rwaIsraeri, vachivanyevera nezvekuparadzwa kwaizouya.—2Mad 9:20; Eze 3:17.
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Murongo.
Uyu aiva mudzimai airoorwa nemurume agara aine mudzimai kana madzimai ake uye kazhinji kacho ainge ari murandasikana wemunhu wacho.—Eks 21:8; 2Sa 5:13; 1Mad 11:3.
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Murwi Wevhu.
MuchiHebheru, “Miro,” kubva pashoko rinoreva kuti “zadza.” MuSeptuagint, shoko racho rakashandurwa kuti “nhare.” Iyi inofanira kunge yaiva nzvimbo yakakwirira kana kuti chivakwa chaiva muGuta raDhavhidhi, asi hazvinyatsozivikanwa kuti wainge wakaita sei.—2Sa 5:9; 1Mad 11:27.
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Mushumiri weungano.
Shoko iri rakashandurwa kubva pashoko rechiGiriki rekuti di·aʹko·nos, iro rinoshandurwa makawanda richinzi “mushumiri” kana kuti “muranda.” “Mushumiri weungano” anoita basa rekubatsira dare revakuru muungano. Anofanira kunge achiita zvinotaurwa neMagwaro pamusoro pevaya vanopiwa basa iri.—1Ti 3:8-10, 12.
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Musoro wembiru.
Chaiva chikamu chepamusoro pembiru chekuishongedza. Pamberi petemberi yaSoromoni paiva nembiru mbiri dzainge dzakafanana dzainzi Jakini naBhoazi dzaiva nemisoro yakakura. (1Mad 7:16)—Ona Mashoko Ekuwedzera B8.
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Mutambo Wechingwa Chisina Mbiriso.
Uyu waiva mutambo wekutanga pamitambo mikuru mitatu yaiitwa nevaIsraeri pagore. Waitanga musi wa15 Nisani, zuva raitevera Paseka, uye waiitwa kwemazuva 7. Paingodyiwa chingwa chisina mbiriso, vachiyeuka kubuda kwavakaita muIjipiti.—Eks 23:15; Mk 14:1.
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Mutambo Wekukohwa; Mutambo Wemavhiki.—
Ona PENDEKOSTI.
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Mutambo Wekukumikidza.
Iri raiva zuva rekuyeuka kucheneswa kwakaitwa temberi pashure pekunge yasvibiswa naAntiochus Epiphanes. Mhemberero yacho yaitanga musi wa25 Kisrevhi uye yaiitwa kwemazuva 8.—Joh 10:22.
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Mutambo Wematumba.
Unonziwo Mutambo Wematebhenekeri, kana kuti Mutambo Wekuunganidza. Waiitwa musi wa15 kusvika ku21, mumwedzi waEtanimu. Waiva mutambo wekupemberera goho pakupera kwemwaka wekurima wevaIsraeri uye yaiva nguva yekufara nekutenda Jehovha nekuda kwechikomborero chake pazvirimwa zvavo. Pamutambo wacho vanhu vaigara mumatumba, kuti zvivayeuchidze kubuda kwavakaita muIjipiti. Uyu waiva mumwe wemitambo mitatu yaitarisirwa varume kuti vaende kuJerusarema kunoichengeta.—Re 23:34; Ezr 3:4.
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Mutariri.
Murume anoita basa rekutungamirira nekufudza ungano. Shoko racho rechiGiriki rekuti e·piʹsko·pos rine pfungwa yemunhu anotungamirira vanhu achivachengetedza. Mashoko ekuti “mutariri” uye “mukuru” (pre·sbyʹte·ros) anenge achitaura basa rimwe chetero muungano yechiKristu, shoko rekuti “mukuru” richiratidza pfungwa dzechikuru dzinoratidzwa nemunhu wacho akagadzwa, uye rekuti “mutariri” richisimbisa mabasa aanoita paanenge agadzwa.—Mab 20:28; 1Ti 3:2-7; 1Pe 5:2.
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Mutemo.
Kana riina “M” muhombe shoko racho rinenge richireva Mutemo waMozisi kana kuti mabhuku mashanu ekutanga eBhaibheri. Kana riina “m” mudiki kwekutanga rinenge richireva mumwe wemitemo iri muMutemo waMozisi kana kuti imwewo pfungwa iri mumutemo.—Nu 15:16; Dhe 4:8; Mt 7:12; VaG 3:24.
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Mutemo waMozisi.
Uyu Mutemo wakapiwa vaIsraeri naJehovha murenje reSinai muna 1513 B.C.E. achishandisa Mozisi. Mabhuku mashanu ekutanga emuBhaibheri anotaurwa kakawanda achinzi Mutemo.—Jos 23:6; Ru 24:44.
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Mutero.
Mubhadharo waibviswa nenyika kana kuti nemutongi achipa mumwe mutongi kuratidza kuti aizviisa pasi pake, kuti arege kurwiswa kana kuti adzivirirwe paanorwiswa. (2Mad 3:4; 18:14-16; 2Mak 17:11) Shoko racho rinoshandiswawo kureva mitero inobviswa nevanhu.—Ne 5:4; VaR 13:7.
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Muti wekuziva zvakanaka nezvakaipa.
Muti wemumunda weEdheni wakashandiswa naMwari sechiratidzo chekodzero yake yekuudza vanhu kuti “zvakanaka” uye “zvakaipa” ndezvipi.—Ge 2:9, 17.
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Muti weupenyu.
Muti wemumunda weEdheni. Bhaibheri haritauri kuti pane chaiva mumichero yawo chaipa upenyu; chiripo ndechekuti waimiririra vimbiso yaMwari yekupa kwaanoita upenyu husingaperi kune vaya vaanobvumira kuti vadye michero yemuti iwoyo.—Ge 2:9; 3:22.
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Muti-rabheni.
Shoko iri rinowanika pamashoko ekusuma ePisarema 9. Zvinonzi rinoreva kuti “nezverufu rwemwanakomana.” Vamwe vanoti raiva zita remutinhimira wemumhanzi waishandiswa papisarema iri kana kuti angangova mashoko aitangwa nawo mutinhimira waiimbwa nawo pisarema racho.
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Mutungamiriri.
Semashandisirwo arinoitwa mumaPisarema, kunenge kuti shoko racho muchiHebheru rinoreva munhu aironga mashoko enziyo kuti aimbike uye aitungamirira pakudziimba, achidzidzisa vaRevhi kuimba, achidzidzira pamwe chete navo uye pamwe pacho achitotungamirira kuimba pazviitiko zvinokosha. Mamwe maBhaibheri anomuti ‘mutungamiriri wekuimba’ kana kuti “mutungamiriri wenziyo.”—Pis 4:Sum; 5:Sum.
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Mutungamiriri wevapristi.
MuMagwaro echiHebheru, iri nderimwe zita rinoshandiswa kureva “mupristi mukuru.” MuMagwaro echiKristu echiGiriki, zita rekuti “vatungamiriri vevapristi” rinoreva varume vaikudzwa vedzinza revapristi, uye zvinoita sekuti vapristi vakuru avo vainge vabviswa pabasa uye vaya vaitungamirira mapoka 24 evapristi, vainziwo vatungamiriri vevapristi.—2Mak 26:20; Ezr 7:5; Mt 2:4; Mk 8:31.
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Muumbi.
Munhu anoumba hari, ndiro, nemimwe midziyo. Shoko rechiHebheru rakashandurwa kuti muumbi rikatorwa sezvariri rinoreva kuti “muiti.” Simba rine muumbi paivhu raari kushandisa rinowanzoshandiswa kufananidzira simba rina Jehovha pamusoro pevanhu nemarudzi.—Isa 64:8; VaR 9:21.
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Muzivi wenyeredzi.
Munhu anoongorora kufamba kwezuva, mwedzi, nenyeredzi achiedza kuzivisa zvichaitika mune ramangwana.—Dha 2:27; Mt 2:1.
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Mwanakomana waDhavhidhi.
Mashoko anowanzoshandiswa pana Jesu, achisimbisa kuti ndiye akagara nhaka yesungano yeUmambo yaifanira kuzadziswa nemunhu wedzinza raDhavhidhi.—Mt 12:23; 21:9.
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Mwanakomana wemunhu.
Mashoko anowanikwa kangasvika ka80 mumabhuku eEvhangeri. Anoshandiswa pana Jesu Kristu uye anoratidza kuti kuzvarwa kwaakaitwa ari munhu wenyama kwakaita kuti ave munhu chaiye kwete kuti aingova chisikwa chemweya chakapfeka muviri wenyama. Mashoko acho anoratidzawo kuti Jesu aizozadzisa mashoko ari pana Dhanieri 7:13, 14. MuMagwaro echiHebheru, mashoko aya akashandiswa pana Ezekieri naDhanieri, achisimbisa kusiyana kwakaita vamiririri vaMwari ava vanofa naiye wacho aivaudza mashoko avaitaura.—Eze 3:17; Dha 8:17; Mt 19:28; 20:28.
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Mwari wechokwadi.
Kushandurwa kweshoko rechiHebheru rekuti “Mwari.” Kazhinji kacho, panoshandurwa shoko racho pachinzi “Mwari wechokwadi” panenge pachida kusiyanisa Jehovha, anova ndiye Mwari wechokwadi, navanamwari venhema. Mashanduriro aya ekuti “Mwari wechokwadi” anonyatsobudisa chaizvo zvinenge zvichirehwa neshoko racho rechiHebheru pandima dzacho.—Ge 5:22, 24; 46:3; Dhe 4:39.
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Mweya.
Shoko rekuti “mweya” rakashandiswa kushandura mashoko akati wandei echiHebheru neechiGiriki. Pamwe pacho rinoshandiswa kushandura shoko rechiHebheru rekuti ruʹach uye rechiGiriki rekuti pneuʹma. Mashoko aya maviri anoreva simba risingaoneki nemaziso emunhu. Saka anoshandiswa pazvinhu zvakadai se- (1) mhepo, (2) simba rinoraramisa zvisikwa zvepanyika, (3) zviri mumwoyo memunhu zvinoita kuti ataure kana kuti aite zvimwe zvinhu neimwe nzira, (4) mashoko anoita zvekufemerwa, (5) zvinhu zvisina miviri yenyama zvakaita sengirozi, uye (6) simba raMwari raanoshandisa, kana kuti mweya mutsvene. Mune dzimwe ndima dzeBhaibheri, tsanangudzo dziri pamusoro apa ndidzo dzakashandiswa, shoko racho rekuti “mweya” rikaiswa mumashoko emuzasi. (Pis 104:29) Uye mune dzimwe ndima, shoko rekuti “mweya” ndiro rakashandiswa, pachibva paiswa mashoko emuzasi anoti, “shoko racho rechiHebheru nderekuti ru′ach,” kana kuti “shoko racho rechiGiriki nderekuti pneuʹma.” (Job 4:15; 6:4; Mt 26:41; Ru 23:46) Pazviri pachena kuti chii chiri kurehwa, pakangoshandiswa tsanangudzo kana kuti shoko racho rekuti “mweya” pasina kuwedzerwa mashoko emuzasi.—Eks 35:21; Mt 12:43; Ru 11:13.
Shoko rekuti “mweya” rakashandiswawo pakushandura shoko rechiHebheru rekuti neʹphesh nerechiGiriki rekuti psy·kheʹ. MuchiHebheru nechiGiriki mashoko ekuti neʹphesh napsy·kheʹ akashandiswa achireva (1) vanhu, (2) mhuka, kana kuti (3) upenyu hwemunhu kana kuti hwemhuka. Saka Bhaibheri parinoshandisa mashoko ekuti neʹphesh napsy·kheʹ pazvisikwa zvepanyika rinenge richireva zvinhu zvinobatika, zvinooneka, uye zvinofa. (Ge 1:20; 2:7; Nu 31:28; 1Pe 3:20; uye mashoko emuzasi) Shoko rekuti “mweya” parinoshandiswa richireva zvinhu zvitatu izvi, vanhu vakawanda vanonzwisisa shoko racho zvisiri izvo. MuBhaibheri rino, mashoko aya akashandurwa zvichienderana nezvaari kureva pandima yacho, pachishandiswa mashoko akadai seekuti “upenyu,” “chisikwa,” “munhu,” kana kuti zvirevamwene zvakadai sekuti “nda.” Semuenzaniso pana Jobho 6:7 panoti, “Ndaramba” panzvimbo pekuti, “Mweya wangu waramba.” Panenge pakanzi munhu ari kuita zvinhu nemweya wake wese, zvinenge zvichireva kuti ari kuzviita nemwoyo wese, akanyatsozvipira. (Dhe 6:5; Mt 22:37) Mune dzimwe ndima, mashoko ekuti neʹphesh napsy·kheʹ anogona kushandiswa achireva chido chiri mumwoyo mechisikwa. Anorevawo chitunha kana kuti mutumbi wemufi. (Nu 6:6; Zvi 23:2; Hag 2:13) Kakawanda kacho shoko rekuti “mweya,” pariri kureva tsanangudzo idzi dzichangobva kupiwa, rakaiswa mumashoko emuzasi.
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Mweya mutsvene.
Iri isimba raMwari raanoshandisa kuita zvaanoda. Rinonzi idzvene nekuti rinobva kuna Jehovha, uyo akachena uye akarurama kupfuura chero ani zvake, uye nekuti rinoshandiswa naMwari kuita zvinhu zvitsvene.—Ru 1:35; Mab 1:8.
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Nadhi.
Mafuta aidhura chaizvo ane ruvara rwakati tsvukurukei, anogadzirwa nekamuti kemunadhi (Nardostachys jatamansi). Sezvo mafuta aya aidhura, aiwanzosanganiswa nemamwe mafuta asiri emhando yepamusoro, uye dzimwe nguva paigadzirwa ekunyepedzera. Ndokusaka Mako naJohani vakati “nadhi chaiyo” yakashandiswa pana Jesu.—Mk 14:3; Joh 12:3.
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Nefirimu.
VaNefirimu vanhu vaiita zvemhirizhonga vaiva vanakomana vemusanganiswa vakaberekwa nengirozi dzainge dzapfeka miviri yevanhu dzikarara nevanasikana vevanhu. Izvi zvakaitika Mafashamo asati aitika.—Ge 6:4.
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Nehiroti.
Iri ishoko risinganyatsozivikanwi zvarinoreva riri mumashoko anosuma Pisarema 5. Vamwe vanofunga kuti rinotaura nezvechiridzwa chinoitwa zvekufuridzwa, vachizvitorera pashoko rechiHebheru rakafanana nerekuti cha·lilʹ (nyere). Asi rinogona kunge richireva mhando yemutinhimira wemumhanzi.
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Ngirozi.
Rakabva pashoko rechiHebheru rekuti mal·ʼakhʹ uye pashoko rechiGiriki rekuti agʹge·los. Mashoko aya anoreva kuti “mutumwa” asi akashandurwa kuti “ngirozi” paanenge achireva vatumwa vanobva kudenga. (Ge 16:7; 32:3; Jak 2:25; Zva 22:8) Ngirozi zvisikwa zvemweya zvine simba, uye pakazosikwa vanhu dzakanga dzatosikwa kare naMwari. MuBhaibheri dzinonziwo “makumi ezviuru evatsvene,” “vanakomana vaMwari,” uye “nyeredzi dzemangwanani.” (Dhe 33:2; Job 1:6; 38:7) Imwe neimwe yakaita zvekusikwa naMwari uye hadzikwanisi kuberekana. Dzakawanda zvekuti dzinopfuura 100 000 000. (Dha 7:10) Bhaibheri rinoratidza kuti dzine mazita uye dzese dzakasiyana, asi dzinoramba kunamatwa dzichizvininipisa, uye zhinji dzacho dzinotoramba kutaura mazita adzo. (Ge 32:29; Ru 1:26; Zva 22:8, 9) Dzine zvinzvimbo zvakasiyana uye dzine mabasa akasiyana-siyana anosanganisira kushanda pamberi pechigaro cheumambo chaJehovha, kuzivisa mashoko ake, kubatsira vashumiri vaJehovha panyika, kuita zvinenge zvatongwa naMwari, uye kutsigira basa rekuparidza mashoko akanaka. (2Mad 19:35; Pis 34:7; Ru 1:30, 31; Zva 5:11; 14:6) Dzicharwa pamwe chete naJesu pahondo yeAmagedhoni.—Zva 19:14, 15.
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Ngirozi huru.
Zvinoreva kuti “mukuru wengirozi.” Dzitsi reshoko rechiGiriki rakashandurwa kuti “ngirozi huru” rinoreva kuti “anokosha kupfuura vamwe.” Mashoko ekuti “ngirozi huru” anoshandiswa muBhaibheri achireva ngirozi imwe chete. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti kunongova nengirozi huru imwe chete. Bhaibheri rinoratidza kuti ngirozi yacho inonzi Mikaeri.—Dha 12:1; Jud 9; Zva 12:7.
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Ngomwa.
MuchiHebheru nemuchiGiriki, shoko racho sezvariri, rinoreva murume akachekwa kuti asabereke. Varume vakadaro vaiwanzopiwa mabasa ekuchengeta kana kuti ekushumira mudzimai wamambo nevarongo mumizinda yemadzimambo. Pamwe pacho shoko iri raisareva murume akachekwa, asi raireva mukuru mukuru aishanda mumuzinda wamambo. Rinoshandiswawo pamunhu ‘anozviita ngomwa nekuda kweUmambo,’ kureva munhu anozvidzora kuti agone kushandisa upenyu hwake zvizere mubasa raMwari.—Mt 19:12; Es 2:15, mashoko emuzasi; Mab 8:27.
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Ngoro.
Iyi yaiva ngoro ine mavhiri maviri yaidhonzwa nemabhiza uye yaiwanzoshandiswa muhondo.—Eks 14:23; Vat 4:13; Mab 8:28.
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Ngowani.
Iri ijira raipfekwa mumusoro richiita zvekumonererwa. Mupristi mukuru aipfeka ngowani yejira ine karata kegoridhe kaisungirirwa pamberi netambo yebhuruu. Mambo aipfeka ngowani ozoisa korona pamusoro. Jobho akataura nezvekutonga kwake zvakarurama achikufananidza nengowani.—Eks 28:36, 37; Job 29:14; Eze 21:26.
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Nhokwe.
Nhokwe yakada kuita setsanga uye inomera mumvura. Inowanzoshandiswa kurukisa zvinhu zvakadai setswanda, nemimwe midziyo yekuisira zvinhu, uye pakugadzira magwa. Yaishandiswawo pakugadzira zvinhu zvekunyorera zvakada kufanana nemapepa.—Eks 2:3.
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Nisani.
Zita idzva remwedzi waAbhibhi, rakatanga kushandiswa nevaIsraeri pavakabuda muutapwa Ne 2:1)—Ona Mashoko Ekuwedzera B15.muBhabhironi, unova ndiwo mwedzi wekutanga pakarenda yaishandiswa nevaJudha panyaya dzekunamata, uri wechi7 pakarenda yavaishandisa pane zvekurima. Waitangira pakati paMarch uchisvika pakati paApril. (
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Nyanga.
Nyanga dzaishandiswa sekapu, semidziyo yekuisira mafuta, ingi uye zvekuzora; dzaishandiswawo pakuimba uye pakuzivisa vanhu chimwe chinhu. (1Sa 16:1, 13; 1Mad 1:39; Eze 9:2) Shoko rekuti “nyanga” rinowanzoshandiswa richifananidzira simba uye kukunda.—Dhe 33:17; Mik 4:13; Zek 1:19.
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Nyanga dzeatari.
Izvi zvinhu zvakaita senyanga zvaiva pamakona mana edzimwe atari, izvo zvaibudikira zvichienda nechekunze. (Re 8:15; 1Mad 2:28)—Ona Mashoko Ekuwedzera B5 neB8.
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Nyasha.
MuMagwaro echiKristu echiGiriki, uku kushandurwa kweshoko rechiGiriki rinopa pfungwa yekuita zvinhu zvakanaka uye zvinofadza. Shoko racho rinowanzoshandiswa richireva chipo chinopiwa munhu achiratidzwa mutsa. Kana richitaura nezvenyasha dzaMwari, shoko racho rinenge richireva chipo chepachena chinopiwa naMwari, asingatarisiri kudzorerwa. Saka shoko iri rinoratidza kupa kunoita Mwari zvinhu zvakawanda uye rudo rwake rwakakura nemutsa zvaanoratidza vanhu. Shoko racho rechiGiriki rinoshandurwawo nemashoko akadai sekuti “kufarirwa” uye ‘chipo chemutsa.’ Nyasha dzinoitirwa munhu asina kudzishandira kana kuti asina kudzikodzera, zvichibva pachido cheanopa wacho.—2VaK 6:1; VaE 1:7.
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Nyeredzi yemangwanani.
Iyi inyeredzi inopedzisira kubuda kumabvazuva zuva risati rabuda. Painobuda zvinenge zvichiratidza kuti kunze kwava kuedza.—Zva 22:16; 2Pe 1:19.
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Nzira.
Iri ishoko raishandiswa zvekufananidzira muMagwaro richitaura pamusoro pezviito kana kuti tsika dzinobvumirwa naJehovha kana kuti dzaasingabvumiri. Vaya vakava vateveri vaJesu Kristu vainzi ‘ndeveNzira Iyi,’ kureva kuti vairarama maererano nekutenda muna Jesu Kristu, vachimutevedzera.—Mab 19:9.
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Nzvimbo tsvene.
Iyi inzvimbo yakatsaurwa kuti vanhu vanamate. Kazhinji kacho, panenge pachitaurwa nezvetebhenekeri kana kuti temberi yemuJerusarema. Shoko racho rinoshandiswawo pakutaura nezvenzvimbo inogara Mwari kudenga. (Eks 25:8, 9; 2Mad 10:25; 1Mak 28:10; Zva 11:19) Rinoshandiswawo richireva imba yekutanga mutebhenekeri kana kuti mutemberi, iyo yaiva yakakura kupfuura imba yemukati yainzi Nzvimbo Tsvenetsvene. MuNzvimbo Tsvene yetebhenekeri maiva nechigadziko chemarambi, atari yegoridhe yekupisira rusenzi, tafura yechingwa chekuratidza, nemidziyo yegoridhe. Kana muri mutemberi, muNzvimbo Tsvene maiva neatari yegoridhe, nezvigadziko zvemarambi zvegoridhe 10, netafura 10 dzechingwa chekuratidza. (Eks 26:33; VaH 9:2)—Ona Mashoko Ekuwedzera B5 neB8.
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Nzvimbo Tsvenetsvene.
Imba yemukati yetebhenekeri uye yetemberi, umo maichengeterwa areka yesungano. Maererano neMutemo waMozisi, mupristi mukuru ndiye chete aibvumidzwa kupinda muNzvimbo Tsvenetsvene, uye aipinda imomo paZuva Rekuyananisira chete.—Eks 26:33; Re 16:2, 17; 1Mad 6:16; VaH 9:3.
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Nzvimbo yakakwirira.
Iyi inzvimbo yaishandiswa pakunamata uye kakawanda kacho yaiva pamusoro pechikomo, pamusoro pegomo, kana kuti yaiva chikuva chaigadzirwa nevanhu. Dzimwe nguva nzvimbo dzakakwirira dzaishandiswa kunamata Mwari asi kakawanda kacho padzinotaurwa muBhaibheri dzine chekuita nekunamata vanamwari venhema.—Nu 33:52; 1Mad 3:2; Jer 19:5.
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Omeri.
Uhwu uwandu hwezvinhu zvakadai sezviyo hwaizadza mudziyo wemarita 2,2. Omeri yaipinda kagumi muefa. (Eks 16:16, 18)—Ona Mashoko Ekuwedzera B14.
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Onikisi.
Iri idombo remhando yeagati rinokosha zviri pakati nepakati, rakaomarara. Dombo reonikisi rinenge richiti apa roita mutsetse muchena, pozoita mutsetse mutema, webhurauni, mutsvuku, mupfumbu kana kuti wegirini. Rimwe rematombo aiiswa panguo dzemupristi mukuru.—Eks 28:9, 12; 1Mak 29:2; Job 28:16.
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Paradhiso.
Iyi inzvimbo yakanaka ine miti nemaruva. Nzvimbo yakadaro yekutanga yaiva Edheni, iyo yakagadzirirwa vanhu vaviri vekutanga naJehovha. Paaitaura nerimwe gororo raiva padivi pake padanda rekutambudzirwa, Jesu akaratidza kuti nyika yaizova paradhiso. Pana 2 VaKorinde 12:4, shoko racho rinofanira kunge richitaura nezveparadhiso ichavapo mune ramangwana, uye pana Zvakazarurwa 2:7 rinofanira kunge richitaura nezveparadhiso yekudenga.—Rwi 4:13; Ru 23:43.
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Paseka.
Mutambo waiitwa kamwe chete pagore pazuva rechi14 remwedzi waAbhibhi (Nisani) wekurangarira kununurwa kwevaIsraeri muIjipiti. Vaiuraya gwai (kana mbudzi) vorigocha, voridya nemiriwo inovava nechingwa chisina mbiriso.—Eks 12:27; Joh 6:4; 1VaK 5:7.
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Pendekosti.
Uyu ndiwo waiva mutambo wechipiri pamitambo mikuru mitatu yaiitwa yaifanira kupembererwa muJerusarema nevanhurume vese vechiJudha. Pendekosti, kureva “(zuva) rechi50,” ndiro zita rakashandiswa muMagwaro echiKristu Eks 23:16; 34:22; Mab 2:1.echiGiriki richireva wainzi Mutambo Wekukohwa kana kuti Mutambo Wemavhiki muMagwaro echiHebheru. Waipembererwa pazuva rechi50 kubva musi waNisani 16.—
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Pezhiya; VaPezhiya.
Iyi inzvimbo uye rudzi rwevanhu runowanzotaurwa pamwe chete nevaMedhiya. Zvinoratidza sekuti vaiva neukama nevaMedhiya. Pakutanga, vaPezhiya vaingova kumaodzanyemba kwenzvimbo yakakwirira yakati sandara yekuIran. Vachitungamirirwa naKoreshi (uyo, maererano nevaongorori venhoroondo yekare, aiva nababa muPezhiya uye amai vake vari muMedhiya), vaPezhiya vakava nesimba pamusoro pevaMedhiya, kunyange zvazvo umambo hwacho hwakaramba huchizivikanwa seumambo huviri hwakabatana. Koreshi akakunda umambo hweBhabhironi muna 539 B.C.E. akaita kuti vaJudha vakanga vakatapwa vadzokere kumusha kwavo. Umambo hwePezhiya hwaitangira kuRwizi rwaIndus kumabvazuva kusvika kuGungwa reAegean kumavirira. VaJudha vaitongwa nePezhiya kusvikira pakakundwa vaPezhiya naAlexander muna 331 B.C.E. Umambo hwePezhiya hwakaonekwa naDhanieri muchiratidzo husati hwavapo, uye hunotaurwa nezvahwo mumabhuku eBhaibheri aEzra, Nehemiya, naEsteri. (Ezr 1:1; Dha 5:28)—Ona Mashoko Ekuwedzera B9.
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Pfambi.
Munhu anorara nemunhu waasina kuroorana naye, kazhinji kacho achizviitira kuti awane mari. (Shoko rechiGiriki rekuti porʹne iro rakashandurwa kuti “pfambi,” rinobva pashoko rinoreva kuti “kutengesa.”) Shoko racho rinowanzoshandisirwa vakadzi kunyange zvazvo Bhaibheri richitaurawo nezvepfambi dzechirume. Mutemo waMozisi wairambidza chipfambi, uye mubhadharo wepfambi waisagamuchirwa semupiro wenzvimbo tsvene yaJehovha, izvo zvakasiyana nezvaiitwa nevahedheni avo vaishandisa pfambi dzepatemberi kuti vaunganidze mari yekushandisa. (Dhe 23:17, 18; 1Mad 14:24) Bhaibheri rinoshandisawo shoko racho zvekufananidzira richireva vanhu, marudzi kana masangano anozviti anonamata Mwari asi achiita zvinhu zvinogonawo kunzi kunamata zvidhori. Semuenzaniso, “Bhabhironi Guru,” kureva mubatanidzwa wezvitendero, rinotsanangurwa sepfambi muna Zvakazarurwa nemhaka yekuti rinoshamwaridzana nevatongi venyika ino richiitira kuwana simba nepfuma.—Zva 17:1-5; 18:3; 1Mak 5:25.
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Pimu.
Uremu kana kuti mutengo waibhadhariswa nevaFiristiya munhu anenge arodzerwa mudziyo wake. Pane matombo ekuyeresa akati wandei aiva nemabhii echiHebheru eshoko rekuti “pimu” akawanikwa muIsraeri nevanofukunura matongo; rimwe nerimwe raiva neuremu hungasvika magiramu 7,8. Raisara chikamu chimwe chete pazvitatu kuti rienzane neshekeri.—1Sa 13:20, 21.
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Pisarema.
Urwu rwiyo rwekurumbidza Mwari. Mapisarema ainyorwa achienderana nezviridzwa uye aiimbwa nevanamati, kusanganisira pavainamata Jehovha Mwari patemberi yake muJerusarema.—Ru 20:42; Mab 13:33; Jak 5:13.
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Pomegraneti.
Muchero wakada kuita mutsvuku uye unoratidzika seapuro. Vamwe vanouti chibage cheChirungu. Kunze kwacho kwakaomarara uye mukati macho mune tunhu twakaita setutsanga tune muto nemhodzi tsvuku. Zvirukwa zvairatidzika semapomegraneti zvaishongedza mupendero wenguo isina maoko yemupristi uyewo mapomegraneti emhangura ainge akashongedza misoro yembiru dzakatumidzwa kuti Jakini uye Bhoazi dzaiva pamberi petemberi.—Eks 28:34; Nu 13:23; 1Mad 7:18.
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Porneia.—
Ona UPOMBWE.
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Purimu.
Mhemberero inoitwa gore negore musi wa14 na15 Adhari. Ndeyekurangarira kununurwa kwakaitwa vaJudha vachida kuparadzwa panguva yaMambokadzi Esteri. Shoko racho rekuti pu·rimʹ harisi rechiHebheru uye rinoreva kuti “mijenya.” Mhemberero yePurimu, kana kuti Mhemberero yeMijenya, yakatumidzwa zita iri kubva pane zvakaitwa naHamani paakakanda Puri (Mujenya) kuti azive zuva raifanira kuparadzwa vaJudha vaakanga arongera.—Es 3:7; 9:26.
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Rahabhi.
Ishoko rinoshandiswa zvekufananidzira mumabhuku aJobho, Mapisarema, naIsaya. Mubhuku raJobho, zviri kutaurwa parakashandiswa zvinobatsira kunzwisisa kuti Rahabhi zimhuka remugungwa; mune dzimwe nzvimbo zimhuka remugungwa iri rinotaurwa richifananidzira Ijipiti.—Job 9:13; Pis 87:4; Isa 30:7; 51:9, 10.
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Reputoni.
MuMagwaro echiKristu echiGiriki, reputoni yaiva mari diki pane dzese yemhangura kana kuti yebhuronzi. (Mk 12:42; Ru 21:2; mashoko emuzasi)—Ona Mashoko Ekuwedzera B14.
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Revhi; MuRevhi.
Mwanakomana wechitatu waJakobho waakabereka nemudzimai wake Reya; uye raivawo zita redzinza rakabva kwaari. Vanakomana vake ndivo vakazova madzitateguru matatu evaRevhi. Dzimwe nguva dzinza rese raRevhi rainzi “vaRevhi” asi kakawanda zvinenge zvisingabatanidzi mhuri yevapristi yekwaAroni. Dzinza raRevhi harina kupiwa nharaunda yaro muNyika Yakapikirwa asi rakapiwa maguta 48 aiva munharaunda dzakapiwa mamwe madzinza.—Dhe 10:8; 1Mak 6:1; VaH 7:11.
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Revhiatani.
Iyi imhuka inowanzotaurwa pamwe chete nemvura, zvichiratidza sekuti imhuka inogara mumvura. Pana Jobho 3:8 uye 41:1, zvinoita sekuti Revhiatani inotaurwa ipapo igarwe kana kuti imwe mhuka yakakura, ine simba, inogara mumvura. Pana Pisarema 104:26, inogona kunge iri mhando yehove hombe inonzi whale. Mumwe macho rinoshandiswa richifananidzira zvimwe zvinhu asi hapana mhuka inozivikanwa inoenderana nerondedzero yacho.—Pis 74:14; Isa 27:1.
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Rin’i yechidhindo.
Urwu rudzi rwechidhindo chaiita zvekupfekwa pachigunwe kana kuti chaisungirirwa patambo, dzimwe nguva choiswa muhuro. Yaiva chiratidzo chemasimba aiva nemutongi kana kuti mukurumukuru. (Ge 41:42)—Ona CHIDHINDO.
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Rogi.
Ichi chiyero chidiki pane zvese chezvinhu zvakaita mvura. Muzvinyorwa zvinonzi Jewish Talmud, rogi inonzi inopinda ka12 muhini, saka inofanira kunge yakaenzana nemarita 0,31. (Re 14:10)—Ona Mashoko Ekuwedzera B14.
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Rudo rusingachinji.
Kazhinji uku kunenge kuri kushandurwa kweshoko rechiHebheru rekuti cheʹsedh, iro rinoreva rudo runobva pakuzvipira, kuperera, kuvimbika, uye kuda munhu zvakadzama. Kakawanda rinoshandiswa richireva kuda kunoita Mwari vanhu, asiwo vanhu vanogona kuratidzana rudo irworwo.—Eks 34:6; Rut 3:10.
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Rudzikinuro.
Mubhadharo unobviswa kuti munhu asunungurwe pausungwa, arege kurangwa, kutambura, asunungurwe pachivi, kana kuti pazvimwe zvaaifanira kuita. Haisi mari chete yaishandiswa pakubhadhara. (Isa 43:3) Rudzikinuro rwaidiwa mumamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana-siyana. Semuenzaniso, matangwe ese echirume kana kuti mhuka dzese hono dzaitanga kuberekwa, zvaiva zvaJehovha, uye zvaifanira kudzikinurwa nekuti zvese zvaifanira kushandiswa zvakazara mubasa raJehovha. (Nu 3:45, 46; 18:15, 16) Kana mombe inozivikanwa kuti inotunga ikasachengetedzwa, youraya munhu, muridzi wayo aifanira kubhadhara rudzikinuro kuti arege kuurayiwa sezvakanga zvakanyorwa muMutemo. (Eks 21:29, 30) Asi hapana rudzikinuro rwaifanira kugamuchirwa kana munhu auraya munhu achiziva. (Nu 35:31) Bhaibheri rinoratidza kuti rudzikinuro rukuru rwaiva rwuya rwakabhadharwa naKristu paakafa achizvibayira kuti asunungure vanhu vanoteerera kubva muchivi nerufu.—Pis 49:7, 8; Mt 20:28; VaE 1:7.
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Rumuko.
Kumuka kuvakafa. Kana shoko rechiGiriki rekuti a·naʹsta·sis rikashandurwa sezvariri rinoreva kuti “kumuka; kusimuka.” MuBhaibheri munotaurwa nezvevanhu 9 vakamutswa, kusanganisira kumutswa kwakaitwa Jesu naJehovha Mwari. Kunyange zvazvo paine vamwe vakamutswa naEriya, Erisha, Jesu, Petro, naPauro, simba racho rekuita zvishamiso izvi raiva raMwari. Kumutswa kuchaitwa vanhu pasi pano “kwevakarurama nevasina kururama” kunokosha chaizvo pachinangwa chaMwari. (Mab 24:15) Bhaibheri rinotaurawo nezvekumutswa kwevanhu vachienda kudenga, kunotaurwa kuchinzi “rumuko rwekutanga,” urwo rune chekuita nehama dzakazodzwa dzaJesu.—VaF 3:11; Zva 20:5, 6; Joh 5:28, 29; 11:25.
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Rusenzi.
Uyu musanganiswa webharisamu nenamo dzinonhuhwirira dzinobva pamiti. Rusenzi yacho painopiswa inobvira zvishoma nezvishoma ichinhuhwirira. Patebhenekeri nepatemberi paishandiswa rusenzi yaiva musanganiswa wezvinhu zvina uye yainge yakasiyana nedzimwe. Yaipiswa paatari yerusenzi mangwanani nemanheru muNzvimbo Tsvene uye paZuva Rekuyananisira yaipisirwa muNzvimbo Tsvenetsvene. Rusenzi yaimiririra minyengetero yevashumiri vaMwari vakatendeka iyo yaanonzwa. VaKristu vakanga vasingasungirwi kushandisa rusenzi pakunamata.—Eks 30:34, 35; Re 16:13; Zva 5:8.
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Rwiyo Rwekukwidza.
Mashoko ekusuma ari paMapisarema 120-134. Kunyange zvazvo vanhu vachitaura zvakasiyana-siyana nezvekuti mashoko aya anorevei, vakawanda vanofunga kuti mapisarema 15 aya aiimbwa nemufaro nevanamati vechiIsraeri ‘pavaikwidza’ kuJerusarema, iro rakanga riri pamusoro pemakomo eJudha, vachienda kumitambo mikuru mitatu yepagore.
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Rwiyo rwekushungurudzika.
Rwiyo rwaiimbwa nemanzwi chete kana kuti pachiridzwa zviridzwa, rwekuratidza kurwadziwa zvakanyanya sepaya panofirwa munhu nehama kana shamwari. Runonziwo rwiyo rwekuchema kana kuti rwemariro.—2Sa 1:17; Pis 7:Sum.
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Sabata.
Shoko iri rakabva pashoko rechiHebheru rinoreva kuti “kuzorora; kumira.” Iri izuva rechi7 pavhiki rechiJudha (rinotanga panovira zuva musi weChishanu kusvikira parinovira musi weMugovera). Mamwe mazuva ayo aipembererwa mukati megore, uyewo gore rechi7 nerechi50, ainziwo masabata. Pazuva reSabata, hapana basa raibvumidzwa kuitwa kunze kwerevapristi munzvimbo tsvene. Kana riri gore reSabata, nyika yaisafanira kurimwa uye vaHebheru vakanga vasingafaniri kubhadhariswa zvikwereti. MuMutemo waMozisi, zvinhu zvaisabvumirwa kuitwa paSabata zvakanga zvisina kunyanya kuoma, asi vatungamiriri vezvitendero vakatanga kuwedzerawo zvimwe, zvekuti pakazouya Jesu zvakanga zvaoma chaizvo kuti vanhu vatevedzere.—Eks 20:8; Re 25:4; Ru 13:14-16; VaK 2:16.
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Saga.
Ichi chijira chakaomara chaishandiswa kugadzira homwe dzekuisira zvinhu zvakadai sezvirimwa. Chaiwanzogadzirwa nemvere nhema dzembudzi uye chaipfekwa munhu paanenge achichema.—Ge 37:34; Ru 10:13.
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Samariya.
Guta guru reumambo hwaIsraeri hwekuchamhembe hwemadzinza gumi kwemakore anoda kusvika 200, uye zita renharaunda yacho yese. Guta racho rakanga rakavakwa pagomo reSamariya. Mumazuva aJesu, Samariya raiva zita renharaunda yaiva pakati peGarireya kuchamhembe uye Judhiya kumaodzanyemba. Kazhinji Jesu akanga asingaparidzi munharaunda iyi paaitenderera, asi dzimwe nguva aipfuura nemo achitaura nevagari vemo. Petro akashandisa kiyi yeUmambo yekufananidzira yechipiri pakagamuchira vaSamariya mweya mutsvene. (1Mad 16:24; Joh 4:7; Mab 8:14)—Ona Mashoko Ekuwedzera B10.
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Sanihedrini.
Dare repamusoro rechiJudha remuJerusarema. Mumazuva aJesu, dare iri raiva nevanhu 71, kusanganisira mupristi mukuru uye vamwe vaimbova vapristi vakuru, nhengo dzemhuri dzevapristi, vakuru, vatungamiriri vemadzinza nemisoro yemhuri, uye vanyori.—Mk 15:1; Mab 5:34; 23:1, 6.
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Satani.
Shoko rechiHebheru rinoreva “Mupikisi.” Mumitauro yakatanga kunyorwa nayo Bhaibheri, shoko racho rinowanzoshandiswa richireva Satani Dhiyabhorosi, Muvengi mukuru waMwari.—Job 1:6; Mt 4:10; Zva 12:9.
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Sera.
Iri ishoko raishandiswa pane zvekuimba kana kuti kudetemba rinowanika muMapisarema nemuna Habhakuki. Rinogona kunge richireva kumbomira pakuimba kana kuti pakuridza zviridzwa kana kuti zvese, kuti vaimbi vambofungisisa vakanyarara. Kumbomira ikoko kunogonawo kunge kwaiitirwa kuti mashoko achangobva kuimbwa anyatsosiyaniswa nemamwe. Shanduro yechiGiriki yeSeptuagint yakashandura shoko racho ichiti di·aʹpsal·ma, izvo zvinotsanangurwa zvichinzi “kumbomira pakuridza.”—Pis 3:4; Hab 3:3.
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Seya.
Uhwu uwandu hwezvinhu zvakadai sezviyo. Tichishandisa mabhati, ayo aishandiswa kupima zvinhu zvakaita mvura, tinoona kuti seya uwandu hwaizadza gaba remarita 7,33. (2Mad 7:1)—Ona Mashoko Ekuwedzera B14.
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Shebhati.
Pashure pekutapwa kubva kuBhabhironi, iri ndiro zita rakatumidzwa mwedzi wechi11 wekarenda yaishandiswa nevaJudha panyaya dzekunamata, uri wechi5 pakarenda yavaishandisa pane zvekurima. Mwedzi wacho waitangira pakati paJanuary kusvika pakati paFebruary. (Zek 1:7)—Ona Mashoko Ekuwedzera B15.
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Shekeri.
Uremu hwedombo rekuyeresa kana kuti mari yaishandiswa mazuva ese nevaHebheru. Rairema magiramu 11,4. Mashoko ekuti “shekeri renzvimbo tsvene” anogona kunge aishandiswa kuratidza kuti chiyero chacho chaifanira kunge chakarurama kana kuti chaifanira kuenderana neuremu hweshekeri raichengetwa patebhenekeri. Pangangova paiva neshekeri reumambo (rakasiyana neshekeri raishandiswa nevanhu vese) kana kuti chiyero chaichengetwa kumuzinda wamambo.—Eks 30:13.
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Sheminiti.
Shoko rinoshandiswa pakuridza mimhanzi, iro kana rashandurwa sezvariri rinoreva kuti “rechi8” rinogona kureva kuimbira pasi pasi. Kana zviri zviridzwa, shoko racho rinogona kunge riri kutaura nezvemutinhimhira wakati dzikirei wakakorera. Kana dziri nziyo, zvinogona kunge zvichireva kuimbira pasi pasi zvichienderana nezviridzwa zvacho.—1Mak 15:21; Pis 6:Sum; 12:Sum.
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Sheori.
Shoko rechiHebheru rinoenderana nerechiGiriki rekuti “Hadhesi.” Rinoshandurwa richinzi “Guva” (riina G muhombe), kuti paratidze kuti hapasi kureva guva rimwe chete asi kuti pari kungotaura nezvekufa kunongoita vanhu vese.—Ge 37:35; Pis 16:10; Mab 2:31 (mashoko emuzasi).
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Shongwe.—
Ona MBIRU.
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Shongwe inoyera.
Iyi yaiva mbiru yaimiswa, kazhinji iri yedombo, uye zvinoratidza sekuti yaimiririra nhengo yekubereka yechirume yaBhaari kana kuti vamwe vanamwari venhema.—Eks 23:24.
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Sinagogi.
Shoko rinoreva “kuunganidza; gungano,” asi mumagwaro akawanda, rinoreva chivakwa kana kuti nzvimbo yaiunganira vaJudha kuti vaverenge Magwaro, vadzidziswe, vaparidze, uye vanyengetere. Mumazuva aJesu, guta rimwe nerimwe muIsraeri rakati kurei raiva nesinagogi, uye maguta makuru aiva nemasinagogi anopfuura rimwe chete.—Ru 4:16; Mab 13:14, 15.
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Sipani.
Mupimo weurefu wakanga wakada kuenzana neurefu huri pakati pekunogumira chigunwe chikuru nekunogumira chigunwe chidiki kana chanza chakatambanudzwa. Kana tichienzanisa nekubhiti rakareba masendimita 44,5, sipani yakanga yakareba masendimita 22,2. (Eks 28:16; 1Sa 17:4)—Ona Mashoko Ekuwedzera B14.
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Sipereti.
Imwe mhando yegorosi yakati dererei pane gorosi chairo, ine tsanga dzisiri nyore kusvuura.—Eks 9:32.
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Siriya; VaSiriya.—
Ona ARAMU; VAARAMU.
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Sitisi.
Nzvimbo ine mvura isina kudzika, iri kunoperera gungwa, yakati pindei munyika yakaoma kumahombekombe eRibhiya, kuChamhembe kweAfrica. Vafambisi vengarava vaitya kufamba nemunzvimbo iyi nemhaka yemirwi yejecha yaichinja-chinja pamusana pemasaisai makuru. (Mab 27:17)—Ona Mashoko Ekuwedzera B13.
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Sivhani.
Zita remumwe mwedzi wechiJudha pavakadzoka kubva kuutapwa kuBhabhironi. Waiva wechitatu pakarenda yaishandiswa nevaJudha panyaya dzekunamata, uri wechi9 pakarenda Es 8:9)—Ona Mashoko Ekuwedzera B15.yavaishandisa pane zvekurima, uchitangira pakati paMay woperera pakati paJune. (
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Sungano.
Ichi chibvumirano chinoitwa pakati paMwari nevanhu kana kuti pakati pevanhu vaviri vachivimbisa kuti vachaita kana kuti havasi kuzoita chimwe chinhu. Dzimwe nguva munhu mumwe chete ndiye aifanira kuita zvaanenge avimbisa. Pamwe pacho vese vari vaviri vane zvavaifanira kuzadzisa. Bhaibheri rinotaura nezvesungano dzaiitwa pakati paMwari nevanhu, asi rinotaurawo nezvesungano dzaiitwa nevanhu, nemarudzi kana kuti nemadzinza. Pane sungano dzakawanda dzinokosha chaizvo, idzo dzinosanganisira sungano yakaitwa naMwari naAbrahamu, naDhavhidhi, nevaIsraeri (sungano yeMutemo) uye naIsraeri waMwari (sungano itsva).—Ge 9:11; 15:18; 21:27; Eks 24:7; 2Mak 21:7.
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Svikiro.
Munhu anozviti anokwanisa kutaura nevakafa.—Re 20:27; Dhe 18:10-12; 2Mad 21:6.
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Tamuzi.
(1) Zita remumwe mwari aichemwa nevakadzi vechiHebheru vemuJerusarema vakanga vatsauka pakunamata. Vamwe vanoti Tamuzi aiva mambo, akazotanga kunamatwa pashure perufu rwake. Muzvinyorwa zvevaSumeri, Tamuzi anonzi Dhumuzi, uye anozivikanwa semurume kana kuti sechikomba chamwarikadzi wekubereka anonzi Inana (Ishtari wevaBhabhironi). (Eze 8:14) (2) Zita remumwe mwedzi wevaJudha pavakadzoka kubva kuBhabhironi kuutapwa. Waiva wechina pakarenda yaishandiswa nevaJudha panyaya dzekunamata, uri wechi10 pakarenda yavaishandisa pane zvekurima, uchitangira pakati paJune wogumira pakati paJuly.—Ona Mashoko Ekuwedzera B15.
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Tarenda.
Iri ndiro guru kupfuura zvimwe zvese zvaishandiswa kupima uremu uye paukoshi hwemari pachiHebheru. Rairema makirogiramu 34,2. Tarenda rechiGiriki raiva diki, richirema angasvika makirogiramu 20,4. (1Mak 22:14; Mt 18:24)—Ona Mashoko Ekuwedzera B14.
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Tashishi, ngarava dze-.
Mashoko acho akatanga achishandiswa kutaura ngarava dzaienda kunyika yainzi Tashishi (yava kunzi Spain). Kunenge kuti mashoko acho akapedzisira ava kungoreva ngarava hombe dzinofamba nzendo refu. Soromoni naJehoshafati vakashandisa ngarava dzakadaro pakutengeserana nedzimwe nyika.—1Mad 9:26; 10:22; 22:48.
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Tatarosi.
MuMagwaro echiKristu echiGiriki, mamiriro ezvinhu akaderera akaita sejeri makakandwa ngirozi dzisina kuteerera panguva yaNoa. Pana 2 Petro 2:4, kushandiswa kwakaitwa shoko rechiito rekuti tar·ta·roʹo (‘kukanda muTatarosi’) hakurevi kuti “ngirozi dzakatadza” dzakakandwa muTatarosi inotaurwa mungano dzechihedheni (iyo inoreva jeri repasi uye nzvimbo yerima inoiswa vanamwari vasina simba). Asi zvinoreva kuti ngirozi idzi dzakaderedzwa naMwari kubva kunzvimbo yadzo yekudenga nezvinzvimbo zvadzaiva nazvo dzikaiswa murima gobvu repfungwa rekusaziva chinangwa chaMwari chakajeka. Rima rinofananidzirawo zvichapedzisira zvaitika kwadziri, izvo zvinoratidzwa neMagwaro kuti kuparadzwa zvachose pamwe nemutongi wadzo, Satani Dhiyabhorosi. Saka Tatarosi inoratidza kuderedzwa zvakanyanya kwakaitwa ngirozi idzi dzakapanduka. Yakasiyana ‘negomba rakadzikadzika’ rinotaurwa pana Zvakazarurwa 20:1-3.
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Tebhenekeri.
Tende rekunamatira raikwanisa kufambwa naro raishandiswa nevaIsraeri pashure pekubuda muIjipiti. Mairi ndimo maigara areka yaJehovha yesungano, iyo yaimiririra kuvapo kwaMwari, uye nzvimbo yacho ndiyo yaipirwa zvibayiro uye yainamatirwa. Inombonziwo “tende rekusanganira.” Yakanga iri yemapuranga aivharwa nemachira akashongedzwa nemakerubhi. Yaiva nedzimba mbiri, yekutanga ichinzi Nzvimbo Tsvene, uye yechipiri ichinzi Nzvimbo Tsvenetsvene. (Jos 18:1; Eks 25:9)—Ona Mashoko Ekuwedzera B5.
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Tebheti.
Zita remumwe mwedzi wevaJudha pavakadzoka kubva kuBhabhironi kuutapwa. Waiva wechi10 pakarenda yaishandiswa nevaJudha panyaya dzekunamata, uri wechina pakarenda yavaishandisa pane zvekurima, uchitangira pakati paDecember wogumira pakati paJanuary. Kazhinji kacho unongonzi “mwedzi wechi10.” (Es 2:16)—Ona Mashoko Ekuwedzera B15.
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Temberi.
Chivakwa chaiva muJerusarema chaiva muzinda wekunamata wevaIsraeri chakatsiva tebhenekeri yaitakurika. Temberi yekutanga yakavakwa naSoromoni ikazoparadzwa nevaBhabhironi. Yechipiri yakavakwa naZerubhabheri pakadzoka vaJudha kubva kuBhabhironi kwavakanga vatapwa, ikazovakwazve naMambo Herodhi. MuMagwaro, temberi kazhinji yaingonzi “imba yaJehovha.” (Ezr 1:3; 6:14, 15; 1Mak 29:1; 2Mak 2:4; Mt 24:1)—Ona Mashoko Ekuwedzera B8 neB11.
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Tende rekusanganira.
Mashoko aishandiswa patende raMozisi uye patebhenekeri yakatanga kumiswa murenje.—Eks 33:7; 39:32.
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Terafimu.
Vanamwari kana kuti zvidhori zvaigarwa nazvo mudzimba zvaishandiswa kushopera. (Eze 21:21) Zvimwe zvakanga zviine chimiro chemunhu uye zvakakura zvekuenzana naye, asi zvimwe zvaiva zvidiki. (Ge 31:34; 1Sa 19:13, 16) Zvinhu zvakawanikwa kuMesopotamia nevanofukunura matongo zvinoratidza kuti kuva neterafimu kwaibatsira pakusarudza munhu aizowana nhaka yemhuri. (Izvi zvingangova zviri izvo zvakaita kuti Rakeri atore materafimu ababa vake.) Zvinoita sekuti aya handiwo mashandisirwo aiitwa terafimu muIsraeri, kunyange zvazvo vanhu vainamata terafimu mumazuva evatongi neemadzimambo uye materafimu aivawo pakati pazvinhu zvakaparadzwa namambo akatendeka Josiya.—Vat 17:5; 2Mad 23:24; Ho 3:4.
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Tishri.—
Ona ETANIMU uye Mashoko Ekuwedzera B15.
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Tsanga.
Iri ishoko rakashandiswa richireva mhando yeuswa hukobvu hwakasiyana-siyana hunowanzomera munzvimbo dzine mvura. Kazhinji mhando yacho yairehwa inonzi Arundo donax. (Job 8:11; Isa 42:3; Mt 27:29; Zva 11:1)—Ona TSANGA YEKUYERESA.
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Tsanga yekuyeresa.
Tsanga yekuyeresa yainge yakareba makubhiti 6. Pachishandiswa kubhiti raiwanzoshandiswa, tsanga yekuyeresa yaisvika mamita 2,67; asi pachishandiswa kubhiti refu tsanga yekuyeresa yaisvika mamita 3,11. (Eze 40:3, 5; Zva 11:1)—Ona Mashoko Ekuwedzera B14.
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Tsika dzakafumuka.
Mashoko aya akabva pashoko rechiGiriki rekuti a·selʹgei·a, uye anoreva kuita zvinhu zvinotyora mitemo yaMwari zvakanyanya, uye maitiro anoratidza kusatombonyara kana kuti kushaya ganda kumeso; achiratidza kusaremekedza, kunyange kutovenga mitemo nevane masimba. Mashoko aya haarevi kukanganisa kudiki.—VaG 5:19; 2Pe 2:7.
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Tsime.—
Ona MUGODHI.
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Tsvimbo yeumambo.
Itsvimbo yaifamba nemutongi sechiratidzo chesimba reumambo.—Ge 49:10; VaH 1:8.
U
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Umambo hwaMwari.
Mashoko aya anoshandiswa achireva uchangamire hwaMwari uhwo hunomiririrwa nehurumende yeMwanakomana wake, Kristu Jesu.—Mt 12:28; Ru 4:43; 1VaK 15:50.
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Ungano.
Ava vanhu vakaungana vaine chinangwa chimwe chete. MuMagwaro echiHebheru, shoko racho rinowanzoreva rudzi rwevaIsraeri. MuMagwaro echiKristu echiGiriki, shoko racho rinenge richireva ungano imwe chete yechiKristu asi kakawanda kacho rinoreva vaKristu vese zvavo.—1Mad 8:22; Mab 9:31; VaR 16:5.
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Upombwe.
Uku kushandurwa kweshoko rechiGiriki rekuti por·neiʹa, iro rinoreva kuita bonde kwese kusiri pamutemo. Shoko racho rinobatanidza zvinhu zvakadai sechipfambi, vanhu vasina kuroorana vanorara vese, ungochani, kurara nemhuka. Rinoshandiswawo muna Zvakazarurwa richireva pfambi inonzi “Bhabhironi Guru” iyo inoita unzenza hwekunamata kuburikidza nekushamwaridzana kwayo nevatongi venyika ino ichiitira kuwana simba nepfuma. (Zva 17:2; 18:3; Mt 5:32; Mab 15:29; VaG 5:19)—Ona PFAMBI.
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Uprofita.
Aya mashoko anoita zvekufemerwa, angava ari ekuita kuti kuda kwaMwari kubudiswe pachena kana kuti kuziviswe vanhu. Uprofita hunogona kuva dzidziso yakafemerwa yemararamiro akanaka, kana kuti mashoko ezviri kudiwa naMwari kuti zviitwe, kana kuti mutongo waari kupa, kana kuti kuziviswa kwechimwe chinhu chichaitika.—Eze 37:9, 10; Dha 9:24; Mt 13:14; 2Pe 1:20, 21.
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Urimu neTumimu.
Zvinhu zvaishandiswa nemupristi mukuru semashandisirwo aiitwa mijenya, kuti azive kuti Mwari anoti kudii panyaya dzinokosha dzinenge dzamuka munyika dzinoda mhinduro yaJehovha. Urimu neTumimu zvaiiswa muhomwe yepachipfuva yenguo yemupristi mukuru paaipinda mutebhenekeri. Zvinofanira kunge zvakapedzisira kushandiswa vaBhabhironi pavakaparadza Jerusarema.—Eks 28:30; Ne 7:65.
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Uroyi.
Kushandiswa kwesimba rinozivikanwa kuti rinobva kumweya yakaipa.—2Mak 33:6.
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Utsvene.
Jehovha mutsvene. Izvi zvinoreva kuti akachena munzira dzese uye pane zvese zvaanoita. (Eks 28:36; 1Sa 2:2; Zvi 9:10; Isa 6:3) Parinenge richitaura nezvevanhu (Eks 19:6; 2Mad 4:9), mhuka (Nu 18:17), zvinhu (Eks 28:38; 30:25; Re 27:14), nzvimbo (Eks 3:5; Isa 27:13), nguva yakaitika zvinhu (Eks 16:23; Re 25:12), uye zviitiko (Eks 36:4), shoko racho rechiHebheru rinenge richireva kuisa padivi, kusarudzwa kana kuti kuchengeterwa kuita zvaMwari chete; kutsaurirwa kuita basa raJehovha. MuMagwaro echiKristu echiGiriki mashoko akashandurwa kuti “utsvene,” “mutsvene” uye “vatsvene” zvichingodaro anorevawo kusarudzirwa kuita zvaMwari. Mashoko acho anoshandiswawo achireva kuva netsika dzakachena.—Mk 6:20; 2VaK 7:1; 1Pe 1:15, 16.
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Vachenjeri vechiEpikuro.
Vaiva vateveri vemuzivi wechiGiriki ainzi Epikuro (341-270 B.C.E.). Vaidzidzisa kuti chinangwa chikuru pakurarama ndechekuti munhu anakidzwe neupenyu.—Mab 17:18.
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Vachenjeri vechiStoiki.
Chikwata chevachenjeri vechiGiriki vaitenda kuti mufaro unobva pakurarama uchizvifungira wega uye uchiziva kuti zvinhu zvakangogara zviri sezvazviri. Mukufunga kwavo, munhu akachenjera zvechokwadi haaisi pfungwa dzake pakurwadziwa kana pamafaro.—Mab 17:18.
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VaFarisi.
Boka rechitendero chechiJudha rainge rakakurumbira makore akararama Jesu uye akatanga chiKristu. Vaisava vedzinza revapristi asi vaichengeta Mutemo zvakapfurikidza, uye vaikurudzira kuti tsika dzavo dzavakazvitangira vega dzichengetwewo saizvozvo. (Mt 23:23) Vakanga vasingadi munhu anotevedzera tsika dzechiGiriki, uye sezvo vakanga vakadzidza Mutemo pamwe netsika dzavo, vaiva nesimba guru pamusoro pevanhu. (Mt 23:2-6) Vamwe vavo vaivawo nhengo dzedare reSanihedrini. Vaigara vachinetsa Jesu nenyaya yekuchengeta Sabata, kutevedzera tsika dzavo, uye kuva pamwe chete nevatadzi nevateresi. Vamwe vavo vakazova vaKristu, kusanganisira Sauro wekuTaso.—Mt 9:11; 12:14; Mk 7:5; Ru 6:2; Mab 26:5.
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Vakatendeukira kuchiJudha.
MuMagwaro, vanhu vaitendeukira kuchiJudha kana vari vechirume vaifanira kuchecheudzwa.—Mt 23:15; Mab 13:43.
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VaMedhiya; Medhiya.
Ava vaiva vanhu vakabva kuna Madhai mwanakomana waJafeti. Vaigara munharaunda ine makomo yekuIran iyo yakazova nyika yeMedhiya. VaMedhiya vakabatana nevaBhabhironi kuti vakunde Asiriya. Panguva iyoyo, Pezhiya yaiva dunhu raitongwa neMedhiya, asi Koreshi akapanduka uye Medhiya yakabatanidzwa nePezhiya pakaumbwa umambo hweMedhiya nePezhiya hwakakunda Bhabhironi muna 539 B.C.E. PaPendekosti ya33 C.E., yakaitwa muJerusarema, vaMedhiya vaivapowo. (Dha 5:28, 31; Mab 2:9)—Ona Mashoko Ekuwedzera B9.
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Vanakomana vaAroni.
Vana nevazukuru vaAroni, muzukuru waRevhi. Aroni ndiye mupristi mukuru wekutanga pasi peMutemo waMozisi. Vanakomana vaAroni vaishanda sevapristi patebhanekeri uye patemberi.—1Mak 23:28.
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VaNetinimu.
Vashandi kana kuti vashumiri vepatemberi vaisava vaIsraeri. Shoko racho rechiHebheru rinoreva kuti “Vanhu Vakapiwa,” kureva kuti vainge vakapiwa sezvipo kuti vaite basa repatemberi. Kunenge kuti vakawanda vavo vaiva vaGibhiyoni, avo vakanga vanzi naJoshua vaite “basa rekutsvaga huni nekuchera mvura, vachiitira ungano neatari yaJehovha.”—Jos 9:23, 27; 1Mak 9:2; Ezr 8:17.
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Vaongorori vemhosva; Vatongi.
Muhurumende yeBhabhironi, vaongorori vemhosva vaiva vashandi vehurumende vaiva mumatunhu, avo vaiziva mutemo asi vaine dzimwe nyaya dzavakanga vasingabvumidzwi kutonga. Munyika dzaiva pasi pehurumende yeRoma, vatongi ava ndivo vaiva vamiririri vehurumende. Vaiita basa rekuchengetedza runyararo, vachiona nezvemari dzehurumende, vachitonga vanhu vanenge vatyora mitemo, uye ndivo vaiita kuti vanhu varangwe.—Dha 3:2; Mab 16:20.
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Varindi veMuzinda waMambo.
Ichi chikwata chemauto aichengetedza mambo mukuru weRoma. Mauto aya akapedzisira ava nesimba rakakura mune zvematongerwo enyika pakutsigira kana pakupidigura mambo.—VaF 1:13.
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VaSadhusi.
Boka rechitendero chechiJudha rakanga rakakurumbira raiva nevapfumi vanobva mumhuri dzepamusoro nevapristi vaiva nesimba guru pamusoro pezvaiitwa patemberi. Vairamba tsika dzakawanda dzaidzidziswa nevaFarisi uye zvimwe zvaitendwa nevaFarisi. Vakanga vasingatendi murumuko kana kuti ngirozi dziriko. Vaipikisa Jesu.—Mt 16:1; Mab 23:8.
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VaSamariya.
Pakutanga zita racho raireva vaIsraeri vemuumambo hwekuchamhembe hwemadzinza gumi, asi Samariya payakakundwa nevaAsiriya muna 740 B.C.E., zita racho rakanga rava kushandiswawo pavatorwa vakaunzwa nevaAsiriya. Mumazuva aJesu, rakanga risisinei nerudzi rwemunhu kana kuti zvematongerwo enyika, asi raireva vanhu vaiva muboka rechitendero raiva munharaunda yeShekemu neSamariya. Vanhu vechitendero ichi vaiva nedzimwe dzidziso dzakanga dzakasiyana chaizvo nedzechiJudha.—Joh 8:48.
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Vateveri vebato raHerodhi.
Vanodaidzwawo vachinzi vaHerodhi. Vaiva bato raitsigira vanaHerodhi avo vaigadzwa neRoma. Kunenge kuti vamwe vaSadhusi vaivawo mubato iri. VaHerodhi vakabatana nevaFarisi pakupikisa Jesu.—Mk 3:6.
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Vatongi.
Ava varume vaisarudzwa naJehovha kuti vaponese vanhu vake nguva yemadzimambo eIsraeri isati yasvika.—Vat 2:16.
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Vharanda raSoromoni.
Mutemberi mumazuva aJesu, apa paiva pekufamba pakavakirirwa paiva kumabvazuva nechekumucheto kwechivanze chekunze, panofungwa nevakawanda kuti ndipo pakanga pasara patemberi yakavakwa naSoromoni. Jesu akafamba ipapo ‘munguva yechando,’ uye vaKristu vekutanga vaisangana ipapo vachinamata. (Joh 10:22, 23; Mab 5:12)—Ona Mashoko Ekuwedzera B11.
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Yufratesi.
Ndirwo rwizi rwakareba kupfuura dzese nechekuchamhembe kweAsia uye runokosha chaizvo ikoko. Nderumwe rwenzizi mbiri huru muMesopotamiya. Runotanga kutaurwa pana Genesisi 2:14 panotaurwa nezvenzizi ina dzaiva muEdheni. Makawanda macho runongonzi “Rwizi.” (Ge 31:21) Ndirwo rwaiva muganhu wekuchamhembe wenyika yeIsraeri. (Ge 15:18; Zva 16:12)—Ona Mashoko Ekuwedzera B2.
Z
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Zeusi.
Uyu ndiye aiva mwari mukuru wevaGiriki vaitenda kuti kuna vanamwari vakawanda. MuRistra, Bhanabhasi akafungidzirwa kuti ndiye aiva Zeusi. Mashoko akanyorwa pamatombo ekare akawanikwa pedyo neRistra anotaura “nezvevapristi vaZeusi” uye “Zeusi mwari wezuva.” Ngarava yakakwira Pauro paaibva pachitsuwa cheMarita yakanga iine mufananidzo wakanzi “Vanakomana vaZeusi,” kureva vana vakomana Mab 14:12; 28:11.vaiva mapatya vainzi Castor naPollux.—
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Zivhi.
Zita rakatanga kupiwa mwedzi wechipiri pakarenda yaishandiswa nevaJudha panyaya dzekunamata, uri wechi8 pakarenda yavaishandisa pane zvekurima. Waitangira pakati paApril uchisvika pakati paMay. Unonzi Iyari muzvinyorwa zvinonzi Jewish Talmud uye muzvimwe zvinyorwa zvakanyorwa vaJudha vabva kuutapwa kuBhabhironi. (1Mad 6:37)—Ona Mashoko Ekuwedzera B15.
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Ziyoni; Gomo reZiyoni.
Zita reguta revaJebhusi rakakomberedzwa nemasvingo raiva mugomo kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweJerusarema. Dhavhidhi paakakunda Jebhusi, akavakira muzinda wake ikoko, uye rakatanga kunzi “Guta raDhavhidhi.” (2Sa 5:7, 9) Ziyoni rakazova gomo dzvene kuna Jehovha pakaendeswa Areka ikoko naDhavhidhi. Zita racho rakazopedzisira rava kushandiswa kureva nzvimbo yetemberi yaiva muGomo reMoriya, uye dzimwe nguva guta rese reJerusarema. Rinowanzoshandiswa zvekufananidzira muMagwaro echiKristu echiGririki.—Pis 2:6; 1Pe 2:6; Zva 14:1.
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Zodza.
Shoko racho rechiHebheru richitorwa sezvariri rinoreva “kuzora nechinhu chakaita mvura mvura.” Mafuta aigona kuzorwa vanhu vanenge vasarudzwa kuti vaite basa rinokosha kana kuti zvinhu zvinenge zvatsaurwa. MuMagwaro echiKristu echiGiriki shoko racho rinoshandiswawo richireva kudururwa kwemweya mutsvene pane vaya vakasarudzwa kuti vazoenda kudenga.—Eks 28:41; 1Sa 16:13; 2VaK 1:21.
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Zuva Rekutongwa.
Iri izuva kana kuti nguva inotongwa naMwari vanhu verudzi rumwe chete, marudzi akawanda kana kuti vanhu vese zvavo. Inguva yekuti vanenge vatongerwa rufu vaurayiwe, asi kune vamwe inenge iri nguva yekuponeswa kuti vawane upenyu husingaperi. Jesu Kristu nevadzidzi vake vakataura ‘nezveZuva Rekutongwa’ kwevapenyu nevakafa.—Mt 12:36.
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Zuva Rekuyananisira.
Ndiro zuva dzvene revaIsraeri rainyanya kukosha pane mamwe. Rinonziwo Yom Kippur (kubva pachiHebheru chekuti yohm hak·kip·pu·rimʹ, kureva kuti “zuva rekufukidza”), uye zuva racho raiva musi wa10 Etanimu. Ndiwo wega musi waipinda mupristi mukuru muNzvimbo Tsvenetsvene yetebhenekeri kana kuti yetemberi. Imomo aibva apa ropa rezvibayiro zvezvivi zvake, zvivi zvevamwe vaRevhi, nezvivi zvevamwe vanhu. Yaiva nguva yegungano dzvene nekutsanya, uye raivawo sabata vanhu vasingaiti mabasa avanosiita.—Re 23:27, 28.
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Zvakapambwa.
Zvinhu zvakadai sezvipfuwo nezvimwewo zvinokosha zvaitorerwa muvengi anenge akundwa muhondo.—Jos 7:21; 22:8; VaH 7:4.
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Zvekudzimisa moto.
Iyi midziyo yaigadzirwa negoridhe kana kuti nemhangura yaishandiswa mutebhenekeri uye mutemberi. Zvingangodaro kuti yakanga yakafanana nezvigero, ichishandiswa kudimbura tambo dzemarambi dzinenge dzapera kubvira.—2Mad 25:14.
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Zvemidzimu.
Dzidziso yekuti mweya yevanhu vakafa inoramba ichirarama kana vafa uye inogona kutaura nevapenyu, kazhinji pachishandiswa munhu anenge achinzi anopiwa simba nemweya yacho (svikiro). Shoko rechiGiriki rinoreva “kuita zvemudzimu” nderekuti phar·ma·kiʹa, iro rinoreva kuti “zvemishonga” kana rikashandurwa sezvariri. Shoko racho rakatanga kushandiswa panyaya dzekuita zvemidzimu nekuti kare, vanhu vaishandisa mishonga kuti munhu awane simba remadhimoni kuti aite zvemashiripiti.—VaG 5:20; Zva 21:8.
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Zvibereko zvekutanga.
Izvi ndizvo zvinotanga kuibva mumwaka wekukohwa; zvinhu zvinotanga kuwanikwa pangava pazvipfuwo kana pazvirimwa. Jehovha akarayira vaIsraeri kuti vamupe zvibereko zvavo zvekutanga, pangava pavana vavo, zvipfuwo kana zvirimwa. VaIsraeri vaipa Mwari zvibereko zvavo zvekutanga zvenyika yacho yese paMutambo Wechingwa Chisina Mbiriso uye paPendekosti. Mashoko aya ekuti “zvibereko zvekutanga” anoshandiswawo achireva Kristu nevateveri vake vakazodzwa.—1VaK 15:23; Nu 15:21; Zvi 3:9; Zva 14:4.
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Zvinonhuhwirira zvichena.
Namo yaitorwa pamiti nemakwenzi emhando inonzi Boswellia yobva yaomeswa. Payaipiswa yainhuhwirira chaizvo. Yaishandiswawo pakugadzira rusenzi tsvene iyo yaishandiswa patebhenekeri uye patemberi. Yaiiswa pamipiro yezviyo nepazvingwa zvekuratidza zvairongwa patafura muNzvimbo Tsvene.—Eks 30:34-36; Re 2:1; 24:7; Mt 2:11.
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Zvipfeko zvemurwi; Zvipfeko zvehondo.
Izvi zvipfeko zvekuzvidzivirira zvaipfekwa nemusoja zvinoti, ngowani, nguo yesimbi, bhandi, zvinodzivirira mupimbiri, uye nhoo.—1Sa 31:9; VaE 6:13-17.
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Zvipo zvengoni.
Izvi zvipo zvaipiwa munhu anoshayiwa. Mashoko acho haamo muMagwaro echiHebheru asi Mutemo waitaura zvaifanira kuitwa nevaIsraeri kuvarombo.—Mt 6:22.
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Zvishamiso; Mabasa esimba.
Aya mabasa kana kuti zviitiko zvinoitwa nesimba rinopfuura simba rine vanhu. Dzimwe nguva mabasa aya anonzi “zviratidzo.”—Eks 4:21; Mab 4:22; VaH 2:4.
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Zvisungo zvematanda.
Izvi zvaishandiswa kusunga munhu anenge achirangwa. Zvimwe zvacho zvaingosunga makumbo chete, asi zvimwe zvaiita kuti muviri ugare zvinorwadza, zvichida zvakabata makumbo, maoko, nemutsipa.—Jer 20:2; Mab 16:24.