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Rudunhumwe
Muzvidzidzo zvinoti: taranyika; jekanyika; fundoyetsimba, rudunhumwe (universe) izwi rinodudza kuhwerengedzwa kwezvinhu zvose zvakasikwa zvikurusei zvinozivikanwa. Rudunhumwe runobata nokusanganisira: sebhe dzose (matter kuEnglish); simba; nyeredzi; nyenyedzi; nguva nemukaha wechadenga.
Kupiwa kwezita[chinja | edit source]
Zita iri rapiwa richicherechedza kuti icho chinonzi Universe kuEnglish idunhu rimwe rine mamwewo matunhu anopatsanurwa mariri. Nyangwe zvaro rine zvikamu zvizhinji nemapoka mazhinji, rudunhumwe idunhu rimwe rine mitemo yaro, nekudyidzana kwezvinhu zvirimo. Iko kudyidzana kwezvinhu murudunhumwe hakusati kwapera kuongororwa nyangwe naivo ana mazvikokota vanofunda chikamu chemitumbi iri pamukaha wechadenga; kana nemiganhu yerudunhumwe hapana chaiye anoziva kuti inogumira kupi.
Chakakosha pakupiwa kwezita iri ndiko: kugonawo kutaura nerurimi rwedu zvinhu zvikuru, zvinoshamisa, zvisina mukare wakamboona akatizuwira kuti kwakadai kumatenga kuziyenda-nakuenda uko.
Rudunhumwe runobatawo nyika ino yatinorarama pairi nemukaha wechadenga chatinoona zuva nenyeredzi, kunova ndiko kunobhururuka chitundumusere.


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Rukwarapakati
Muchidzidzo fundoyetsimba, rukwarapakati (centrifugal) zvinoreva kufamba nerudzivo rwunobuda kunze rwuchitiza pakati, zvikurusei pakati pedenderedzwa. Shoko rokuti kukwara rinoreva kutiza.
- Fosi yeRutondapakati (centripetal force) ndiyo inokonzera motokari kuti isabuda pamugwagwa kana yapinda pane munyongo kana kuti pane denderedzwa.
- Fosi yeRukwarapakati ifosi inoita makakatanwa neFosi yeRutondapakati. Apo Fosi yeRutondapakati inenge iri kukakatira mukati kuti mutumbi urambe uri kufamba mudenderedzwa, Fosi yeRukwarapakati inenge ichidhonzera kunze nokuda kwe inertia. Izvi zvinoonekwa kana bhazi riri kufamba pamugwagwa pane munyongo kana pakakombama. Fosi yeRutondapakati inokakatira bhazi mukati memunyongo ukuwo fosi yeRukwarapakati ichikakatira bhazi kunze kwemunyongo.

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MUMWE mukomana wekuChimbindi, kwaSeke anoti ari kunetsekana nenyaya yekuti hama dzake dzakamutengera bhokisi rekumuviga ari mushure mekunge dzatambira mashoko ekuti iye ainge afa asi ari mupenyu.
Alfred Nyarire (27), uyo anoshanda kuMwashita Mine, kuMazowe ndiye akanzi afa asi chokwadi ndokutozobuda apo hama dzake dzakaenda kubasa kwake nebhokisi rekunoisa chitunha chake, ndokumuwana achitoshanda, ari mupenyu kwete ari chitunha.
Izvi zvakaitika nomusi weChina chesvondo radarika apo amai vake, Christina Machingura, vakafona panharembozha yeshamwari yake vachimubvunza ndokubva vaudzwa kuti ainge ashaya.
Kwayedza svondo rapera yakaita hurukuro naAlfred mupenyu kwete "chitunha".
"Munhu wamuri kutsvaga ainzi akafa ndini. Amai vangu vakafona kubasa kwandaishanda vachiti vari kutsvaga "Mhofu" rinova zita remutupo wangu randinodanwa naro kubasa. Saka kubasa kwedu kune mumwe ainziwo Mhofu aive nemutupo mumwe chete newangu uyo akange achangobva mukushaya. Ndipo pavakabva vangotaurirwa kuti Mhofu wamuri kutsvaka akashaya," akadaro Alfred.
Akati vakaedza zvekare kufona panharembozha yake asi zvakaramba nekuti bhatiri rakange risina moto.
"Ndakanzwa kuti pakaitwa mariro pano pamusha, vanhu vakaungana uye vakachema zvikuru. Zvakarwadza vanhu nekuti mashoko aya akauya mushure memazuva maviri ekushaya kwatete, hanzvadzi yababa. Saka vanhu vakange vapererwa kuti nhamo dzoita zvekutevedzana here," akadaro.
Alfred akati haasi kuwana hope dzakanaka kubvira pachiitiko ichi.
"Ndinoti dzimwe nguva ndirere ndikafunga kuona kwandakaita vanababamudiki vachisvika kubasa kwangu vakatakura bhokisi jena vachinditsvaka vachiti ndakafa ndinobatwa nebuka zvekutoridza mhere ndotozunzwa nekanin'ina kangu nekuti handisati ndaroora.
"Zvinhu zvinotyisa kuverengerwa kuvafi iwe uri mupenyu nekuti dzimwe nguva ndinotofunga kuti asi rufu rwangu rwave pedyo here kana kuti rushambwa," akadaro Alfred.
Akati bhokisi jena iri rakange ratengwa nasekuru vake vachibatsirana nehanzvadzi yake mushure mekuita mudeme-mudeme.
"Bhokisi racho rakatozodzorerwa kuMushawawasha kumusika uri kuMbare uko rainge ratengwa asi nyakuvatengesera akati achatodzorera mari yacho pashoma-pashoma nekuti ainge aishandisa. Rainge raita US$120," akadaro.
Baba vake, VaDavid Nyarire, vakatsinhira nezvenyaya iyi.
"Ndakarwadziwa zvikuru pandakanzwa kuti mwana wangu ashaya kubasa kwake. Asi ndaive nekusagutsikana nekuti ndaida kuziva kuti afa nei. Ainge asina kumbobvira afona achititaurira kuti arwara uye kudai yaive tsaona mapurisa aifonaka. Ndakazama kunyararidza amai vake asi munongoziva madzimai ane hana nhete, vakabva vaikwetsura mhere pamusha pano ndokuswera pazara vanhu tave kutobatwa mawoko," vakadaro VaNyarire.
Vakati bhokisi rakazotengwa munin'ina wavo akaenda kumochari achimutsvaka.
"Babamudiki vakatenderera mamochari kuConcession neBindura asi vakamushaya, ndipo pavakazoenda kubasa kwake vachifunga kuti ndiko kwaive nemutumbi asi vakashamisika kumuwana ari kutoshanda zvake. Vakatotya vachimuona nekuti mupfungwa dzavo vaiti vanodzoka nechitunha," vakadaro.
Muzukuru waAlfred, Gift Vheremu (17), akati akatoendawo kunhamo iyi.
"Takaenda kunhamo patakanzwa kuti sekuru vafa tikabata mawoko vanhu vakange vakazara pachivanze. Asi iko zvino tinofara nekuti takadzidza kuti vapenyu uye hatityi kutamba navo kunyangwe vamwe vanhu vakataura zvavanoda zvinowanikwa muupenyu," akadaro Vheremu.
Akati imwe shamwari yasekuru vake ava inonzi Everson Chesango yakauyawo "panhamo".
Amai vaAlfred nababamudiki vake havana kukwanisa kukurukurwa navo neKwayedza sezvo vakange vasipo.
Kune dzimwe nyaya dzerudzi urwu dzinoitika apo vamwe vanopedzisira vaviga mutumbi usiri wehama yavo seimwe mhuri yekuBuhera yakaviga mumwe mutumbi ichifunga kuti ndewemwanasikana wayo uyo akazowanikwa ari mupenyu.
Mhuri iyi, yekwaVaGideon Nzira kwasadunhu Neshumba, pari zvino iri kunetswa nechipoko chemutorwa ane mutumbi wavakaviga pachivanze pavo vachiti ndewemwana wavo, Ellen Nzira (28).
- Kwayedza


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Mwedzi (mutumbi)
Mwedzi (moon) mutumbi uri muchadenga unopoterera Earth kamwe pamazuva makumi maviri nemanomwe (28). Mwedzi une boterekwa rinopoterera Rinopasi uchiita dendera rimwe (1) pamazuva 28.
Nhevedzwa dzeMwedzi[chinja | edit source]
Jenaguru - (Full Moon) izvi zvinoreva mazuva apo mwedzi unenge uchiwonekwa ose. Iyi ndiyo nguva yaitambwa jiti.
Jedzana - (New Moon) aya ndiwo mazuva apo mwedzi unenge uri mudiki. Vakare vaitenda kuti mvura inonaya pajedzana remwedzi. Vamwe vatauri vanoti njedzana.
Mhindo - aya mazuva gumi okupedzesera panhevedzwa dzemwedzi. Mwedzi waenda kumhindo: the moon is waning.


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Australia
Australia ndiro ziwumbe riri kwakadziva kuchamhembe kweAsia. Nyika iyi yakatapwa nevarungu vanova ndivo vari kutonga Australia pari zvino.
Guta guru racho iCanberra.
Nyika iyi inozivikanwa nemutambo we cricket, mhuka inonzi kangaroo uye ndiyo imwe yematunhu anowanikwa garwe.
Pakayambuka mhuri dzevanhu veZimbabwe dzichienda Pasirose, Australia ndiyo yedzimwe nyika dzaienda vanhu vemuZimbabwe. Kune chifungidziro chokuti vanhu veZimbabwe vanodarika zviruru makumi maviri (20,000) vanogara kuAustralia.
Australia yakagachirawo vapoteri vaitiza hondo yeku Sudan vazhinji vavo vanhu vatema.


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ChiShona
ChiShona mutauro unobatanidza ndimi dzakawanda dzinotaurwa muZimbabwe, Botswana neMozambique. Mitauro inobatanidzwa ichinzi ChiShona inosanganisira: Karanga, Manyika, Zezuru, Korekore, Ndau, Budya nemimwewo.
Zvakadaro zvakafanira kuti tionesane kuti kune vamwe vatauri vasingafare kuti vanzi vari muboka remutauro weChiShona - ivava vanoona mitauro yavo semitauro yakazvimirira yoga isiri pasi peChiShona.
Bhuku renganonyorwa rekutanga rakanyorwa mugore ra1957 naSolomon Mutswairo rinonzi Feso.
Vanhu vakaronga kuti chiShona chive chinonyoreka ndiClement Doke naGeorge Glynn Fortune.


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Mukadzi
Mukadzi zvinoreva munhu akasikwa zvokukwanisa kutakura mwana mukati make - nokumwe kutaura anonzi muzvare. Shoko rokuti mukadzi rinonyanya kushandiswa pamuzvare akura, kana ari mudiki anonzi musikana.
Kuzvara nokuyaruka[chinja | edit source]
Nhengo dzesikarudzi dzemukadzi ndeidzo dzinoshandiswa pakuzvarwa kwemwana. Kunoitawo dzimwe nhengo dzechikadzi dzinoshandiswa pakurera mwana uye kuti dzive dzinoyevedza kumurume.
Tsika nemabasa[chinja | edit source]
Mumarudzi akasiyana vakadzi vane mabasa akasiyana zvishoma, asi mutsika zhinji vakadzi ndivo vanotarisirwa kuita mabasa ekubika; kuchenesa mumba nokutarira vana vadiki, nokushongedza mhuri.


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Hunyoro
Izwi rokuti hunyoro (Moisture) rinotaura kuvepo kwemvura pane chinhu chiri kutariswa. Hunyoro hunopimwa sechikamu pazana chehuremu hwechinhu chiri kutariswa.
Somuenzaniso ngatitii pane saga rechibage chinorema 50kg; toti vawongorori vakawona kuti chine hunyoro hunosvika 4%. Izvi zvinoreva kuti chibage ichi chine 2kg dzemvura. Chibage ichi chingataridzika sechakaoma asi kana chakandwa muhovhoni inopisa 2kg yemvura iyi inopfungaira chibage chakasara chisisina mvura zvachose.
Kana hunyoro huchirehwa huri mumhepo hunonzi munyonhi - humidity.
Kana hunyoro huchirehwa huri muzvirimwa zvakakohwewa sechibage hunonzi mutsvava; apa kuwomesa kwacho kunonzi kutsvanura.


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Huropi
Muchidzidzo chezvipenyu, huropi (brain in English) inhengo yemuviri iri mukati mebvupa remusoro kana kuti dehenya. Vamwe vanotaura vachiti hurozvi kana kuti pfungwa.
Mabasa eHuropi[chinja | edit source]
- Kufunga kungava zvinhu zvikuru kana zvidiki
- Kuchengeta ndangariro dzezvakaitika
- Kugamuchira zvinotaurwa zvichibva kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri ichibata izvi kuti muviri ushande zvakanaka.
- Kubata mabasa emupfungwa anofambisa zvinhu zvinenge kufema; kufamba; kuwona; kunzwa zvichingodaro.
Munhu akasikwa ane hunzveri (senses) hunoti: kuwona nemaziso; kunzwa nenzeve; kuraidza nerurimi; kunhuwidza nemhuno uye kubata kana kugunzva nenhengo chero ipi yomuviri. Hunzveri hwese uhwu hunoraviwa muhuropi hunowongorora kuti zvabva kune dzimwe nhengo zvinorevei nokupa zano rokuti munhu angaita sei nezviri kunenerwa nedzimwe nhengo dziri dzine hunzveri.


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Zuvaragodza
Muchidzidzo cheTaranyika, mazuva eZuvaragodza (solstice) anoitika June 20-21 neDecember 20-21. Pamazuva aya hafu yenyika inowana chiedza chine maawa arakarebesa (longest daylight hours) imwe hafu ichiwana chiedza chine maawa akashomekesa (shortest daylight hours).
- Pamazuva June 20-21 Earth inenge iri panzvimbo muboterekwa yokuti North pole inenge yakanongedza kuzuva yakatsveyamira kuzuva ne 23.5o. Denderedzwa rechiedza rinenge riri panzvimbo yokuti North pole haipinde murima zvokuti North pole inowana 24 maawa echiedza. Denderedzwa reChiedza rinenge rakaita muganhu palatitude 66.5oN panova ndipo panotangira Arctic Circle. Panguva imwechete, South pole inenge yakanongedza kwakapesana nezuva, denderedzwa rechiedza rinenge riri panzvimbo yokuti South pole inoramba iri murima. South pole inowana 24 maawa erima.
Pamazuva aya, nzvimbo dzose dziri kuMaodzanyemba eMutsazanisi dzinowana chiedza kwemahawa anodarika 12; nzvimbo dzose dziri kuChamhembe kweMutsazanisi dzinowana chiedza chiri kwemahawa ari pasi pe 12. Hafu yekuMaodzanyemba inenge iri mumwaka weZhizha, hafu yekuChamhembe inenge iri mumwaka wechando.
- Pamazuva December 20-21 Earth inenge iri panzvimbo muboterekwa yokuti South pole inenge yakanongedza kuzuva yakatsveyamira kuzuva ne 23.5o. Denderedzwa rechiedza rinenge riri panzvimbo yokuti South pole haipinde murima zvokuti South pole inowana 24 maawa echiedza. Denderedzwa reChiedza rinenge rakaita muganhu palatitude 66.5oS panova ndipo panotangira Antarctic Circle. Panguva imwechete, North pole inenge yakanongedza kwakapesana nezuva, denderedzwa rechiedza rinenge riri panzvimbo yokuti North pole inoramba iri murima. Nouth pole inowana 24 maawa erima.
Pamazuva aya, nzvimbo dzose dziri kuChamhembe kweMutsazanisi dzinowana chiedza kwemahawa anodarika 12; nzvimbo dzose dziri kuMaodzanyemba kweMutsazanisi dzinowana chiedza chiri kwemahawa ari pasi pe 12. Hafu yekuChamhembe inenge iri mumwaka weZhizha, hafu yekuMaodzanyemba inenge iri mumwaka wechando.


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Igwa
Igwa (boat) zvinoreva mudziwo unoshandiswa kufambisa vanhu kana nhumbi nemamusoro pemvura. Magwa anonyanya kushandiswa kufamba munzizi nenyanza uye mugungwa munzvimbo dzisina mafungu akanyanya.
Mazuvano magwa anogadzirwa nesimbi kunyanya aluminium nokuda kwekuti hairemi asi anokwanisawo kugadzirwa nematanda.
Bhaibheri muna Isaiah 18:1-2 rinotaura pamusoro pevanhu vaiva kumhiri kwenzi dzeEthiopia richiti, "....inotuma nhume nenzira dzegungwa namagwa enhokwe....". Kureva kuti vanhu muAfrica vaigadzira magwa enhokwe karekare.


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Kubundira
Muchidzidzo fundoyetsimba, kubundira (Condensation) zvinoreva kushanduka kwemupfunga wemvura (water vapour) uchiva madonhwe emvura. Kana takatarisa nhevedzwa yemvura, mwando wemvura unobundira kuita makore kana kuita mhute.
Kujekesa
Zvakakosha kuti tinonesane kuti mwando wemvura unobundirawo zvakare kuita magodo uchidarika danho rokumbova mutuvi; izvi zvinoitika kunyika dzinotonhora panguva imwe chete inoverereka magodo echando kuita mupfunga wemvura - sublimation.
Naizvozvo misandu miviri inoti mutuvi negodo inonzi misandu yakabundira - condensed phases.


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Ketanyika (Geology in English) chidzidzo chinotarisa kuwumbwa kwakaitwa nyika yevhu yatinotsika, matombo ari pairi, nokuchembera kwayo nyika. Chidzidzo ichi chakakosha pakuwanikwa kunoitwa muchegwa une simbi, mafuta emuchovha, nekuwana mvura iri muvhu.
Shoko rokuti kuketa ishoko reslang yeChiShona rinoreva zvinosanganisira: kuziva, kuona, kuva nenjere, kuyeuka chawakamboona, kupatsanura, kuronga, zvichingodaro. Shoko rokuti kuketa ndiro riri pedyo kuturikira chivakashure chokuti -logy chinoshandiswa kuEnglish mumazwi anenge gynaecology, geology, biology. Saka Ketanyika ibazi reruzivo pamusoro penyika kuwumbwa kwayakaitwa, matombo ari pairi, nekugadzikana kwehwendefa dziri pairi.


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Nyenyedzi
Muzvidzidzo Zvechadenga, nyenyedzi (star) zvinoreva mitumbi iri muchadenga inobwinya sokubwinya kunoita zuva. Nyeredzi dzine hujoto hwakakwira zvokuti sebhe irimo inoshanduka kubva pakuva gasi rinopisa kuenda pakuva inonzi plasma kuEnglish. Plasma imhando yomusandu ine mwando unopisa zvakanyanya zvokuti maatomu anoshanduka kuva maayoni.
Zuva pacharo imhando yenyenyedzi uye ndiyo nyenyedzi iri pedyo zvakanyanya neEarth. Kuzuva ndiko kunobva simba zhinji rinosvika kuEarth uye. Zuva rine kubwinya kwakanyanya zvokuti munguva dzemasikati dzimwe nyenyedzi dzinoita sokunge dzisipo tichiona kubwinya kwezuva chete. Nyenyedzi dzinozoonekwa kubwinya kwadzo munguva yemhanheru apo rimwe divi renyika rinenge rafuratira zuva rave murima.


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Mwedzi (Mwaka)
Mwedzi imwe yenguva gumi nembiri dzinowumba gore. Gore rinotanga mumwedzi waNdira richipera mumwedzi waZvita.
Contents
Mwedzi yeGore muChiShona[chinja | edit source]
Zvinyogwa zviri pano zvakanyogwa sedudziro muChiShona yemashoko akanyogwa muChiRungu mugwaro iri remudandira (ndakariverenga muna Nyamavhuvhu 19, 2012) raVaSolomon Murungu.
Ndira (January)[chinja | edit source]
Mwedzi waNdira ndiwo mwedzi wokutanga kwegore. Izwi remwedzi uyu rakabva paizwi rinoreva zvipembenene zvinonzi zvindira (black beetle). Nokudaro mwedzi waNdira unonzi "mwedzi wendira".
Kukadzi (February)[chinja | edit source]
Kukadzi mwedzi wechipiri mugore.
Kurume (March)[chinja | edit source]
Kurume mwedzi wechitatu mugore.
Kubvumbi (April)[chinja | edit source]
Mwedzi waKubvumbi mwedzi wemvura inonaya. MuZimbabwe mvura painonaya inonaya yakawanda munguva diki-diki uye iine mabhanan'ana. Mvura inozongonaya zvokusasa kana mwaka wekunaya wave kundopera mumwedzi waKubvumbi. Kubvumbi zvoreva kunaya kwenvura kunoitika zvinyoro-nyoro ichi sasa.
Chivabvu (May)[chinja | edit source]
Mwedzi uyu wakanzi Chivabvu nokuti ndiwo mwedzi wokupedzirisira kwemwaka wezhezha uri mwedzi unowanikwa chobagwe chokugocha chokupedzisira.
Rimwe zita remwedzi weChivabvu rinoshandiswa nevamwe vatauri veChiVanhu ndiBandwe.
Chikumi (June)[chinja | edit source]
Chikumi mwedzi wechitanhatu mugore. Uyu ndiwo mwedzi uripakati pegore.
Chikunguru (July)[chinja | edit source]
Mwedzi uyu wakanzi Chikunguru nokuti ndiyo nguva inoibva muchero unonzi nhunguru. Hutsvuku hwenhunguru hunoendera nemashizha matsva emiti wemusasa newemutondo, izvi zvichiita kuti ruvara rwehutsvuku ruve rwakatandira nenyika.
Nyamavhuvhu (August)[chinja | edit source]
Mwedzi waNyamavhuvhu mwedzi wekuvhuvhuta kwemhepo zvichibva pakuti mwedzi uyu ndiyo kuva inoita mhepo yakasimba kudairika mwedzi yese.
Gunyana (September)[chinja | edit source]
Gunyana mwedzi wechipfumbamwe mugore unouya pamberi paNyamavhuvhu, uchiteverwa naGumiguru. Mvura yeGukurahundi inonaya mumwedzi waGunyana.
Mwedzi waGunyana ndivo mwedzi wenguva yokuzorora kukohwa zvese nekurima, iri nguva yekunyatsopeta makumbo, vanhu vakafunya, vakagara zvavo vachitandara mushure mokupedza kukohwa mwedzi yapfuura uyewo nguva yokurima ichiri kure mumwedzi inotevera.
Gumiguru (October)[chinja | edit source]
Mwedzi waGumiguru ndiwo mwedzi wechikumi mumwedzi yegore.
Mbudzi (November)[chinja | edit source]
Mwedzi waMbudzi ndiwo mwedzi apo mbudzi zhinji padzinobereka kana kuti padzinotarisira kubereka mbudzana. VaWilbert Sadomba, apo vainyora mugwaro rakanyogwa muChiRungu rinonzi "Using Taboos and Proverbs as Oral Archives of Indigenous Knowledge", vakanyatsogona kutsetsenura kududzira mwedzi waMbudzi nemashoko anotevera:
"Vanhukadzi vaonekwa sokunge vane hutsvene nechiremerera zvinofanana nezvinopiwa sikanyika nokuti vakapiwa chipo chekuzvara, chesikarudzi. Izvi zvinoratidzwa muzvivakahunhu nezvinoereswa mumagariro evanhu veChiShona. Mwedzi weMbudzi ndewenguva apo zvisikwa zvese zvinomera muvhu nezvinofamba zvinobereka vana vazvo, kutangisa vupenyu vutswa mushure mokunaya kwemvura. Nokuti zvokudya zvinenge zvakawanda uye zvichiwanikwa zviri nyore, mhuka dzose dzinodya zvinomera muvhu ndipo pazvinobereka vana. Mwedzi weMbudzi inguva iyo mhuka dzese dzinonyanyisa kuita vana, kusika upenyu hutsva. VeChivanhu pavakaona izvi vakasunga chiga chokuti kuroorana pakati pavo chive chinhu chinoera mumwedzi weMbudzi. Izvi vaiitira kuti vanhu vasauraya mbudzi dzinembudzana mudumbu dzisati dzazvagwa vachida usavi hwevanhu vanoungana pamakungano ekuroorana. Zvainzi vanoroorana mumwedzi weMbudzi vachawigwa nenhamo yokuva vacharambana zvisina tsarukano kana kuwigwa nenhamo yokushaya chibereko nevana mumba." ~ VaWilbert Sadomba (dudziro iyi yakanyogwa naKuda Rukanda apo achibetsera kunyora gwaro rino iri.)
Mashoko aya idudziro yemashoko akanyogwa naVaSadomba eChiRungu anotevera:
"Women are regarded with the sanctity of nature because they possess power of regeneration through their fecundity. This is reflected in a number of values, beliefs and taboos. November is known as Mwedzi wembudzi, the month of the goat. November marks the period of regeneration of both, flora and fauna following the first rains. With abundance of food, herbivores of all kinds start to reproduce and November is the peak period for this process of regeneration. This observation led to the development of the taboo that forbids marriage during the month of November. The taboo was developed to avoid accidental killing of pregnant animals for marriage or other ceremonies. The punishment suffered by people who marry in November is unreasonable breakdown of the marriage or some such calamity as failure to have children." ~ VaWilbert Sadomba, mugwaro rinonzi "Using Taboos and Proverbs as Oral Archives of Indigenous Knowledge"
Zvita (December)[chinja | edit source]
Zvita ishoko rinobva pakuti "mazviita zvakanaka" vadzimu vedu kuti chengeta gore rose. Nokudaro, mwedzi waZvita mwedzi mwedzi wekurangarira nokutenda madzitateguru, ivo vari vadzimu vedu. Zviitwa zvese zvinoera mumwedzi weMbudzi zvigona kuti zvichiitwa mumwedzi waZvita. Vanoroorana vagona kuchiroorana havo. Mbudzi nedzimwe mhuka dzinogona kuchiuraigwa vusavi zvino pamakungano emaroora. Vanhu vagonazvavo kuchiita ungano dzekupira kuvadzimu kana kugadzira vafi. Zvese izvi zvinochiitwa mukufara nokupemberera.


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Somalia
Somalia inyika iri muAfrika muNyanga yeAfrika. Inoganhurana nenyika dzinoti: Ethiopia iri kumadokero; Djibouti kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero; Gulf yeAden kumaodzanyemba, Gungwa India (Indian Ocean) kumabvazuva neKenya kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero. Somalia ine nyanza yakarebesesa muAfrika yose.[1] KuSomalia kunonyanyogara kuchipisa kuchivawo nemhepo dzemonsoon nekunaya kusina kuwanda.[2]
Somalia ine hugari hwemamirioni 10. Ruzhinji rwevagari veSomalia (85%) vanobva muchikwata chevanhu (paChirungu ethnic group) cheVaSomali vagara varimo kubvira kare. Hugari hwasara ndehwevanhu vemamwewo marudzi. Vazhinji vevanhu ava vanogara kuchamhembe kwenyika. ChiSomali nechiArabiki ndiwo mitauro yemumahofisi muSomalia, mitauro iyi ichibva mumhuri yemitauro yeAfro-Asiatic. Vanhu vazhinji vemuSomalia vatendi veIslam, vazhinji vari maSunni.[3]
Kwakawanikwa ruzivo[chinja | edit source]
- ↑ International Traffic Network, The world trade in sharks: a compendium of Traffic's regional studies, (Traffic International: 1996), p.25.
- ↑ [1]
- ↑ Middle East Policy Council – Muslim Populations Worldwide [2]


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Mumvuri (Shadow in English) zvinoreva nzvimbo iri panharaunda isiri kuwana chiedza nokuda kwokuti chiedza chakavhariridzwa nechimwe chiumbwa. Mumvuri unooneka kudivi riri seri kwedivi rine chiedza. Chiedza chezuva chinokonera kuti zvinhu zviri pasi zvive nemimvuri; kureba nekukura kwemumvuri iyi kunosiyana zvichienda nokuti inguvai yezuva.
Pamitumbi iri muchadenga, zuva nemwedzi ndizvo zvinogona kukonzera mimvuri yezvinhu.
TsikaEdit
- Tinotenda baba masvika pamusha wedu makaisa mumvuri wenyu pano. Aya mazwi okutenda mukuru anenge akushanyirai, mukafara nekuuya kwake, mumvuri wake ukaita kwamuri sokunge watonhodza pamusha nguva yokupisa.


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South Africa
South Africa inyika iri muAfrica.
South Africa inotungamirirwa navaJacob Zuma vebato reANC. Guta guru remunyika iyi rinonzi Pretoria. Zvakadaro hazvo, VaZuma havagari muguta iri sezvinoitwa naVaMugabe vemuZimbabwe vavakaganhurana navo. VaZuma vanogara muJoburg, munzvimbo inonzi Sandton. South Africa senyika ine mitauro nemarudzi akawanda zvikuru. Mitauro inosanganisira ChiXhosa,ChiZulu, ChiPeri, ChiNdebele,ChiTswana,ChiVhenda, Chirungu, ChiAfrikana, ChiFurenji nemimwe yakawanda. Chinondifadza ini semunyori nemupepeti wechinyorwa chino ndechekuti, nyika iyi inobvumidza zvizvarwa zvayo kushandisa zvakakwana mitauro yavo. Marodhi, nzvimbo, migwagwa mizhinji yakanyorwa nemitauro yevanhu ava.


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Chitofu (mugodhi)
Muhushangazhi hwemugodhi, chitofu (Ore kuEnglish) izwi rinoreva matombo ane simbi kana chimwe chicherwa chakakosha chiri kutsvakwa chiri kuchererwa mugodhi wacho.
Chitofu chinokwanisa kunge chiine ndarama, mhangura, nickel, platinum kana ipi zvayo simbi iri kutsvakwa nevacheri vemigodhi. Pamigodhi mizhinji chitofu chinowanikwa chiine simbi dzine ukoshi mbiri kana nhatu.
- Somuenzaniso, muZimbabwe migodhi inocherwa ndarama inowanza kunge ichiwanikwawo jena.
- Migodhi inowanikwa platinum inowanza kuwanikwawo simbi dzinoti: palladium; ruthenium; rhodium; ndarama uye jena.
- Sarudzo yokuti mugodhi unodaidzwa kunzi unochera simbi ipi inotevedza kuti ndeipi simbi yakakosha zvakanyanya pakuunza mari pamugodhi iwoyo. Simbi inowanikwa nehuremu hushoma inokwanisa kunge iriyo iri kuunza mari yakawanda kuburikidza nemutengo wainotengwa nayo. Somuenzaniso migodhi inocherwa platinum muZimbabwe inowana nickel ine huremu hwakawanda kudarika platinum yacho. Nokuda kwekuti platinum ine mutengo wepamusoro, mugodhi unodanwa nezita rokuti Platinum Mine.
Panocherwa mugodhi panobudawo mamwe matombo asina simbi yakakosha; nguva zhinji matombo aya anoburitswa kuti nzira dzinosvika kune dombo rine mari dzitambanuke. Matombo asina mari anodanwa kunzi mambara. Vavariro yevanochera mugodhi ndeyekuti: dombo risina mari rive ndiro shoma; dombo risina mari ritsaurwe kubva pane rine mari; dombo rine mari rikororwe (extraction) napose panogonekwa nenzira dzisina njodzi kuvanhu, mugodhi kana michina.


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Hushangazhi
Hushangazhi (Industry in English) zvinoreva nvzimbo dzinoitirwa mabasa ekugadzira zvinhu; kushumira nenzira dzakasiyana, nokukohwa zviwanikwa zviri muvhu kana muamasango. Tiri pahushangazhi zvakanaka kutsanangura kupiwa kwemazita matsva ari pano.
Contents
Mazita ezvinowanikwa pahushangazhi[chinja | edit source]
Kushangazhika (Industrious)- izwi iri rinoreva kushanda nesimba, munhu achiita mabasa mazhinji. Uyu munhu anoshangazhika, munhu anoshanda asina unyope.
Mushangazhi (Industrialist) - iri izita rapiwa kududza muridzi akatanga kambani yake. Pari zvino hatina izwi rinodudza kuti Industrialist tisina kuti muzvinabhizinisi.
Hushangazhi (Industry) - iri izita rapiwa kuti rireve nzvimbo dzose dzakavakirwa kuti vashandi vange vachisangana vachiita mabasa akasiyana-siyana. Muenzaniso ungapiwa ndewekuti muHarare tine Dunhu reHushangazhi reWillowvale - (Willowvale Industrial Area).
Mipanda yeHushangazhi[chinja | edit source]
Hushangazhi Hwekutanga (Primary Industry) - iri iboka rehushangazhi rinosanganisira: kurima mbesa, miti nemichero; kupfuya mhuka; kuredza hove, kuchera mabwe nesimbi zvichingodaro. Hushangazhi hwekutanga hunechekuita nemabasa anokohwa zviwanikwa zviri muvhu nezvinokura muvhu. Mimwe mienzaniso yeHushangazhi Hwekutanga yatinowana muZimbabwe ndeiyi: kurima nzimbe, chibage, nedonje; kuchera mugodhi ye ndarama, mhangura, zeng'e, platinum, marasha(coal) neChrome; kurima michero yemaranjisi, kurima miti yemapuranga.
Hushangazhi Hwepiri (Secondary Industry) - iri iboka reHushangazhi rinoshandura zvibereko zvinobuda muHushangazhi hwekutanga kuita zvinhu zvinoshandiswa mazuva ose. Zvibereko zveHushangazhi Hwepiri zvinoshandiswa mudzimba, mumabasa uye zvinogona kushanda mune mamwe mapoka eHushangazhi Hwepiri. Mimwe mienzaniso yatinowana muZimbabwe ndeiyi: kugadzira shangu; kugaya chibage kuita hupfu; kuveza midziyo yemumba; kuruka machira zvichingodaro.
Hushangazhi Hwetatu (Tertiary Industry) iri iboka reHushangazhi rinoshumira mumabasa akasiyana-siyana; zvibereko zveHushangazhi uhwu hazvisiri zvinhu zvinobatika asi kubatsira kuwanikwa nekufambiswa kwezvinhu zvinobatika. Marudzi eHushangazhi Hwetatu anosanganisira maBhangi; Zvitoro; Kufambiswa kwezvinhu pamwe nevanhu; Insurance; mabasa eHurumende, matare emhosva; maHotera; nzvimbo dzemafaro nedzekushanya, zvichingodaro. Iri boka reHushangazhi rine chekuita nekusvitsa Hushumiri (Service) kuvanhu uye kune mamwe mapoka eHushangazhi.
Zvinopinda muHushangazhi[chinja | edit source]
Chikamu chino chinotsanangudza zvinodikanwa kuti Hushangazhi hunge huchifamba nenzira yakanaka inounza budiriro. Zvinopinda muHushangazhi (Industrial Inputs) zvinosanganisira: zvinhu zvinobatika; zvivakwa; zvirongwa zveHurumende; zvirongwa zvekuwanikwa kwemari; kuchengetedzwa kwemitemo; kutsiva mari inorasika munjodzi; zvichingodaro.
Vambe, huvambe (Capital)- iri zita rapiwa rinoreva mari inounganidzwa nemushangazhi kutanga bhizinisi kana hushangazhi. Zita iri ribatawo zvakare zvimwe zvinodiwa kutanga bhizinizi, zvinoti: michina, nzvimbo yokushandira, zvivakwa, zvichingodaro. Huvambe hunounganinzwa nenzira dzakasiyana dzinoti: zvikwereti zvema Bhangi, mari yakachengetedzwa, uye kutsvaka mari pamusika wemari (Stock Exchange).
Nzvimbo yekushandira (Land) - mhando dzose dzehushangazhi dzinoda nzvimbo yekushandira ingava: minda, masango, zvivakwa, mahofisi kana mafakitari.
Magetsi (Electricity)- Magetsi akakosha kana tatarisana nehushangazhi hwanhasi nokuti michina mizhnji inosundwa nesimba nemagetsi. Zvakanyanya kukosha kuva nemagetsi akabaka nguva dzose kuti makambani asarase mari achibhadhara vashandi vakatarira michina isiri kushanda.
Vanhu vane Hunyanzvi (Skilled People)- mabasa anobatwa muhushangazhi anodaidzira hunyanzwi hwepamusoro, hungava hunyanzwi hunodzidziswa muzvikoro zvetatu (tertiary education) kana kuti hunyanzwi hunowanikwa pakambani. Makambani nehurumende vanoshandisa mari yakawanda kudzidzisa hunyanzwi zvemabasa akasiyana-siyana.
Michina yeHushangazhi (Plant, Machines, Equipment)- kune mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzemichina zvichienderana nebasa riri kushandwa. Michina mizhinji inosundwa nemagetsi uye inotengwa nemari zhinji. Pari zvino michina mizhinji inoshandiswa muhushangazhi muZimbabwe, inotengwa kunze kwenyika zvikuru kunyika dziri mhiri kwemakungwa - nyika dzekuEurope neAsia.
Ruzivo RweHumhizha (Technology)- kuti hushangazhi huvepo panofanirwa kuve nehumhizha hwacho hwekugadzira kana kushumira nenzira inobuditsa zvibereko zviri kutengwa nevanhu. Sokuti kuchera ndarama panodiwa kunge paine humizha hunosanganisira: kudhuura matombo pasi pemugodhi, kutakura chitofu (ore) kubva mumugodhi, mhandambwe dzinopwanya nekutseta chitofu (crushers & mills), nezvimwe zvakawanda zvinosvitsa pakuve nechidhinha chendarama.
Mari yeZvirikwereti (Bank Loans)
Mari yeTsivatsaona (Insurance)- Tsivatsaona chirongwa chinobatsira vemabhizinisi munguva yokunge nzvimbo dzavo dzehushangazhi dzarasikirwa nemari kuburikidza nenjodzi dzinoitika muhushangazhi. Vamabhizinisi vanoripa muripo kuKambani dzeTsivatsaona (Insurance) mwedzi wega-wega; musi unoitika tsaona munzvimbo yehushangazhi, makambani eTsivatsaona anotsiva hukoshi hwechinhu chinenge charasika mutsaona. Izvi zvinobatsira kuti vemabhizinisi vakwanise kudzoka pakushanda zvakare mushure metsaona. Kambani dzeTsivatsaona dzinogamuchira mudeme-mudeme kubva kumabhizinisi akawanda, izvi zvichibatsira kuti pave nehomwe yemari inoshandiswa musi unoitika tsaona kune avo vanenge vakaita mudeme-mudeme.
Zvirongwa zveTsivatsaona zvinofukidzira kurasikirwa kungaitwa mutsaona dzingava dzemotokari, dzemichina, kutsva nemoto, kukuvara kwevashandi pabasa, rufu nezvimwe zvinenge zvakabvumiranwa kunzi zvive zvakafukidzwa. Kune mitemo yehurumende inopa zvisungo zvokuti vashandi vange vakafukidzirwa pasi petsivatsaona. Zvakare kune mhando dzemitoro isingatenderwe kufamba pamigwagwa isina kutererwa netsivatsaona.
Mitemo yeNyika (Legislation, Policies, Regulations) - Mitemo yenyika yakakosha zvikuru kana tatarisana nesarudzo yokuti muzvinabhizinisi ovaka nzvimbo yohushangazhi kupi. Mitemo yenyika inodudza kuti zviri nyore sei kuvamba bhizinisi munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana. Zvinhu zvinotariswa nevanovamba mabhizinisi zvinosanganisira: mitero inoripwa nemakambani; mitemo inochengetedza kodzero dzokunge munhu ari muzvinabhizinisi; mitemo inotonga kuburitswa nekuchengetwa kwemari yokunze kwenyika; mitemo inotaura nezvekuchengetedzwa kwezviwanikwa nenharaunda iri kushandira hushangazhi, zvichingodaro.
Kutakurwa kweNhumbi (Transport) - hakuna nzvimbo inganzi inowanikwa zvinhu zvose zvinodikwa kushandiwa muhushangazhi, kana kuti inowanikwa musika yokutengesera zvabuda muhushangazhi. Apa ndipo pazvinokosha kuti pange pane migwagwa, njanji, ndege nedzimwe mhando dzokufambisa nadzo mbatya nevanhu, kuunza kunzvimbo dzehushangazhi uye kusvitsa kumusika yakasiyana-siyana. Tichoitarisa nyika yedu yeZimbabwe tinoona hushangazhi hwakasimbiswa nekuvapo kwenjanji, nemigwagwa.
Suwo (Port of Entry kuEnglish) inzvimbo inopindwa nayo nevanhu pamwe nenhumbi. Takatarisana nehushangazhi, mukova inzvimbo yakatenderwa pamutemo wenyika kuti ipindwe nayo nevanhu kana nhumbi. Pamitemo yenyika pamukova iyoyi ndipo chete panotenderwa kupinda kwevanhu nenhumbi. Suwo reBeitbridge ndiro rinopinda nenhumbi dzakawanda dzinopinda muZimbabwe.
Kuchengetedza Mitemo (Law Enforcement) - vemabhizinisi vanofara kuziva kuti nzvimbo dzehushangazhi dzavo dzinge dzakachengetedzwa pasi pemitemo uye kuti mbatya dzavanofambisa dzinge dzakachengetedzawo. Izvi zvinovapa kuva nechikuvimba kuti vane rutsigiro pasi pemitemo kana musi wasvika wokuti pane zvinoda kunotongwa kumatare edzimhosva.
Zvirongwa ZveHutano (Health Programs) - Kuvapo kwezvipatara kunosimbisawo hushangazhi zvikurusei takatarisana nekuti vashandi vave nekuchengetedzwa kwehutano.
Bundutso (Processes)- pasi pechikamu cheRuzivo rwehumhizha, Bundutso zvinoreva zvirongwa zvakatsikiswa zvinoshandiswa mukushandura nhumbi dzinopinda muhushangazhi kuti dzive zvibereko zvinokwanisa kutengeseka. Somuenzaniso, gasi reAmmonia rinogadzirwa kuchishandiswa Bundutso raHaber (Haber process). Petrol inowanikwa kubva kuPetroleum kuchishandiswa Bundutso rinonzi Fractional Distilation Process. Sugar inobikwa kuChiredzi kuchishandiswa Bundutso rinonzi pachiNdau kuBumhaCrystallization Process.
Hudaviri neHutongi muHushangazhi[chinja | edit source]
(Responsible Authorities). Pakushanda kunoita hushangazhi pane mapazi ehurumende ane hudaviri pamusoro pezvirongwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvine chinangwa chekuchengetedza mitemo yenyika. Mapazi aya akapiwa hutongi (authority) kuti ave anotarira kuti mitemo yakasiyana yehurumende yatevedzwa. Mapazi aya anobata basa zvichienderana nemitemo yakatarwa nedare reParamende - (Acts of Parliament). MuZimbabwe kune Mapazi ane hutongi pamusoro: pemvura; mitero; ndege, kutakurwa kwenhumbi nevanhu; uye michero nemhuka. Muenzaniso ndiyo inoti: Zimra; Zimre; Zinwa; Zinara; Municipalities; Natural Resources Board; Environmental Protection Authority; Civil Aviation Authority zvichingodaro.


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Bhiza
Bhiza (Horse in English) imhuka iri pamupanda wedzinoyamwisa inowanikwa ichipfuyiwa pamusha uye inowanikwa musango. Vamwe vatauri vanoti hachi kana kuti mbigi. Bhiza rine mahwande - izvi zvinoreva kuti rine tsimba rakabatana kuita rimwe zvinosiyana nemombe kana mbudzi dzinoita matsimba akapatsanurwa kuita huviri.
Mabhiza imhuka dzinokwanisa kumhanya neSpidhi wepamusoro uye ane chipo chekugona kuramba amire asina kuwa nyangwe akakotsira. Kugona kumhanya uye kukotsira amire zvinobtsira pakuti bhiza rinokwanisa kutiza zvikara zviri nyore.
Mabhiza anoshandiswa mabasa anosanganisira: mujawo; kurima; mitambo yakasiyana-siyana uye muhurapi. Makarekare mabhiza aishandiswa muhondo nemawuto, achitakura mawuto nokusenga mitoro. Zvinhu zvinowanikwa kubva kumabhiza zvinosanganisira: nyama; mukaka; vhudzi; mapfupa uye mishonga inogadzirwa nemutundo wenzvari dzakazvitakura.
Kurarama kweBhiza[chinja | edit source]
Zvichienderana nerudzi rwebhiza, kwarinogara uye machengeterwo, bhiza rinorarama kusvika makore 25-30. Kune mamwe mabhiza akararama kusvika makore 40 mamwe akadarika. Bhiza rakararama zvine tsamba dzinozivikanwa rainzi "Old Billy" rakararama kusvika makore makumi matanhatu nemaviri (62); iri bhiza rakararama mwaka wechizana 19 - (19th Century). Mumakore amazuvano bhiza rainzi "Sugar Puff" rakanyowa muGuinness Book of World Records richinzi ndiro bhiza rakararama kuva nemakore makumi mashanu nematanhatu - 56.
Mazita emhuri[chinja | edit source]
Kune mazita emhuri ane chekuita nebhiza. Mamwe ndiwo anoti: Bhiza, Mabhiza, Mahachi, Mbigi.


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MURUME wechidiki wemumusha waMuzunza, kwaKatsukunya mudunhu reMutoko akagara nhaka amai vake baba vari vapenyu – vaviri ava ndokutosvika pakuita mwana vose uye ari kuti baba vake ndivo vakamukurudzira kuita chipini ichi mushure mekunge vamuti "havachabaka moto".
Zvikomborero Tome (35) naamainini vake, Joyce Katiyo (39), vakatomiswa mudare redzimhosva reMutoko Magistrate Court, vose vakapihwa chirango chekushanda vachibva kumba uye pasina muripo nekuda kwemakunakuna aya.
Mudare iri, vaviri ava vakabvuma mhosva yekuti vanodanana zvisinei kuti havana kudura kuti vakatoita mwana vose izvo vakazoudza kuKwayedza nemusi weChipiri svondo rino.
Vose vakapihwa mutongo wavo nemusi wa26 Chikunguru.
Kwayedza yakashanyira vaviri ava kumba kwavo uko vave kugara vose mushure mekushaika kwababa vepamusha apa munaChikumi gore rino.
Zvikomborero naJoyce vakataura kuti vange vave nemakore maviri vachidanana kusvika panguva yakazoshaika baba vepamusha apa.
Vakazosungwa apo mapurisa akanyeverwa neveruzhinji, ndokuzoendeswa kudare.
Zvikomborero naJoyce vakasvikirwa nevatori venhau kuma6 zuva rodoka vachibva kuchikoro cheKatsukunya nekukiriniki yeKatsukunya uko vari kushanda sechirango chemutongo wavakatemerwa nedare chekushanda maawa 210 pamunhu woga-woga.
Joyce ari kushanda ari kukiriniki uyuwo Zvikomborero achishandira kuchikoro. Joyce anga ari mudzimai wababa vaZvikomborero, VaBenny Muzunza, avo vakashaika vave nemakore anodarika 80 okuzvarwa.
Mudzimai waZvikomborero anonzi akatotiza pamusha nekuda kwerudo rwaZvikomborero namainini vake Joyce.
Vaviri ava pavakataurwa navo havana kumbondandama panyaya yavo - vakati vaitosiya mushakabvu (baba vaZvikomborero) achirara oga mumba ivo vachinorara mubhedhuru remwanakomana uyu.
Zvikomborero nemudzimai wake wekuzomutiza vane vana vaviri uyewo Joyce ane vana vaviri - avo vaanoti mumwe ndewemurume wake wekushaya newaZvikomborero. Mwana wemakunakuna uyu ndiye ava nemakore matatu okuberekwa.
Zvikomborero akaudza Kwayedza kuti akaita makore maviri achidanana naamainini ava apo baba vake vainge vachiri vapenyu.
"Taidanana naamainini mukadzi wababa ivo baba vari vapenyu. Ivo baba ndivo vakatishevedza pamwe chete naamainini ndokunditaurira kuti vakanga vasisina simba repabonde, ndokuti ndipinde kuna amai kuti vasazopoya mumba.
Vakataurirawo amai ava, tose tikabvumirana," akadaro Zvikomborero.
Murume uyu anoti akamboedza kuramba zano rababa vake iri kusvikira akazongobvuma uye anoti vakanga vave kudanana zvikuru kusvika pakazoshaika baba vake.
Amai vaZvikomborero vekumubereka – Muchaneta Mvundura – vakashaika mugore ra1997 baba vake ndokuzoroora Joyce muna2005.
Zvikomborero akaberekwa achingova oga mukomana pavana vatatu.
"Ndaiva ndakaroora Ritta Chimuzinga uyo akazoenda kumba kwavo kuNyamuzizi asi ndakaita naye vana vaviri. Haana kuenda nekuda kwekudanana kwangu naamai, akaenda nekurwara," akadaro Zvikomborero. Joyce akabvumawo kuti vaidanana zvikuru nemwana uyu kusvikira mukufa kwemurume wake.
"Baba vake vaiva murume wangu chaiye zvisinei kuti vakanga vakura. Vakanga vasisagone, ini zvaindinetsawo semunhu mudiki. Ivo vaindityira ini semukadzi mudiki.
"Vakatitaurira kuti tidanane pane kuti ndiende kunze nekudaro ndaivasiya ndichienda kunorara naZvikomborero usiku hwose kusvikira pakuzofa kwavo," akadaro Joyce.
"Musikana mudiki uyu mwana waZvikomborero asi birth certificate rake akatoreswa nababa vasati vafa," akadaro Joyce.
Vaviri ava vobvunzwa kuti vaisanzwa kutya kana netsitsi here apo vaisiya baba vaZvikomborero mumba varere voga vachirwara ivo vachinosasana, vakati vakanga vasina zvekuita.
Baba vepamusha apa vakazonoshaikira kumusha kwakaroorwa mumwe mwanasikana wavo kuChiweshe uko vakanga vanorapwa ndokuzonovigwa kwaMutoko.
Sahwira mukuru wemhuri iyi, anovawo mupurisa munzvimbo iyi, Fungai Chawora, akati Zvikomborero naamai vake Joyce vakatanga kudanana kare - makore anogona kusvika mana kana mashanu.
"Ini ndakauya pano kasingapere apo Benny akauya kwandiri achiti airwadziwa nezvaiitwa naZvikomborero zvekudanana naamai vake. Akanditi nditaure navo asi havana kundinzwa, izvo zvekuti vakadanana kwemakore maviri chete kunyepa," akadaro Chawora.
Joyce naZvikomborero vakabvuma kuti sahwira wavo uyu zvechokwadi aivatsiura nenyaya yechipini chavaiita.
Zvakadai, vaviri ava vanoti dare rakavati varege zvekudanana zvachose, uyu Zvikomborero otama pamusha apa, onovaka kwake oga kuitira kuti vasazonzwirana shuga.
Vose vakaramba nyaya yekuti vanogona kudzokerana vachiti vanotya kutyora mutemo.
"Ini handichazviita zvakare, ava ndimai vangu, ndave kutotsvagawo musikana wekuroora achava muroora waamai ava," akadaro Zvikomborero.
Joyce akati zvekupinda pabonde nemwana zvakapera zvichitevera mutongo wavakapihwa nedare.
"Handizvipamhidze futi, ndave kumutora semwana wangu, kana ndanzwawo shungu dzekuda ndinongoshivirira, takanzi tingogara," akadaro Joyce. Zvachakadai, guva rababa vaZvikomborero rinoda kurohwa zvichada kuti mudzimai uyu aripe murume wake akafa iyewo Zvikomborero achiripa kutadzira baba vake.
"Kuripa baba vangu ndinoda asi handina mombe kana mbudzi zvayo, zvimwe chete naamai hapana zvavainazvo. Hamheno kuti ticharipa nei," akadaro.
Mukadzi uyu anoti haachada kuroorwa zvekare uye ave kugarira kuchengeta vana vake pamwe chete nevaZvikomborero. Munin'ina wababa vaZvikomborero, VaJameson Tome, havana kuonekwa kuti vataure nekuda kwenyaya iyi.
Pachivanhu, ndivo vangadai vakatenderwa kugara nhaka kumukadzi wemukoma uyu. Kwayedza haina kukwanisa kuona Ishe Mutoko kuti vapewo mafungiro avo pamakunakuna aya.
Sabhuku vemusha uyu, VaRichard Tome, vanonzi vakambotonga nyaya iyi vakaitadza sezvo vaviri ava vairamba vachipengesana murudo.
- kwaedza


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Fundoyetsimba
Contents
Ruzivo rwezve Physics[chinja | edit source]
Physics chidzidzo cheScience chine donzvo rokuti tinge tichinzwisisa nyika ino yatigere. Physics inotarisa mitemo inobata pakufamba nokudyidzana kwezvinhu zvose zviri panyika. Chidzidzo ichi chinoongorora kaumbwiro kakaitwa zviri munyika, kufamba kwazvo maringe nokufambawo nenguva uye nzvimbo. Chinodzidzisawo zvakare nhau pamusoro pemhando dzesimba uye ukama huripo pakati pesimba nokuitwa kwebasa.
Chinangwa[chinja | edit source]
Chinangwa chechinyorwa chino kuparura nhaurwa yezvidzidzo zvePhysics. Zvakakosha kuti tinge tichitanga nekutsangangura mazita atinosangana nawo pakukurukura Physics.
Dudziro yeMashoko Anowanikwa Muzvidzidzo zvePhysics[chinja | edit source]
Mukweso - Resistance
Mutemo (Laws)- sokuti mitemo yaNewton wokutanga, wepiri newechitatu. Mutemo inotsangudzwa netsazaniso dzinonyora ukama huripo pakati pezviyero zvakasiyana.
Rudzivo (Direction)- Iri izwi rapiwa kureva kunongedza divi riri kutaurwa nezvaro, riri kuenda chinhu kana force kana chipi chiyero chine nzenda.
Basa (Work)- Basa rinodudzirwa sesimba rinoshanda kana Fosi ichinge yafambisa chinhu zvinoenderana nedzivo yeFosi iyoyo. Basa rinoitwa chete kana Fosi ichinge yafamba nhambwe; Fosi isina chayafambisa hapana basa rinenge raitwa. Basa rine tsazaniso inoti, Basa = Fosi x nhambwe. Basa rinopimwa nechiyero chinonzi Joules.
Simba (Energy)- simba kupimwa kwehuwandu hwebasa rinotarisirwa kuitwa neGumbapamwe (system). Kune marudzi esimba akawanda ose anopimwa nechiyero chinonzi Joule - kunova kuyerwa kwesimba rinenge rashanda kana Fosi ye 1 newton yafamba nhambwe ye 1m ichisunda chinhu. Tsanangudzo yokuti chinonzi gumbapamwe chii iri kutevera mberi.
Pawa (Power)- izwi iri rinodudzira kuitwa kwebasa paumwe hwechiyero chenguva. Kuchivirika knopimwa nechiyero chinonzi Watt kana kuti (Joules/Second). Kana takatarisa mwenje wegetsi yakanyorwa kunzi 100Watts umwe 50Watts, kureva kuti mwenje wokutanga unoshandisa simba remagetsi rakapwetwa kaviri zvichienzaniswa nemwenje wechipiri. Uye tikatora varume vaviri wokutanga asenga masaga 50 echibage pa 4 awa, wepiri akasenga masaga echibage 50 pa 6 awa - wekutanga anenge ashanda nekuchivirika kwakakura pane wepiri.
manikidzo (Force)- Manikidzo tinoiwona mazuva ose panosundwa kana kuzvuviwa chinhu. Fosi inokenzera kuchinja kwemuchacha (speed), kuchinja kwedzivo, kana kuchinja kwemaumbirwo akaita chiumbwa (Shape)zvikuru sei takatarisana nezviumbwa zvisina kusimba. Fosi ine tsazaniso (equation) inoti F = huremu X kufangura. Fosi inopimwa nechiyero chinonzi Newton (N).
Puresha (Pressure)- izwi iri rapiwa kutsanangudza chiitiko chekunge Fosi iri kubata paumwe hwechiyero cheruvanze. Puresha inopimwa nechiyero chinonzi Pascal uye inopimwa nerudzivo rwakarurama panharaunda yakadzvanyiwa nepuresha yacho. Ngatitii tine zviumbwa zviviri chimwe nechimwe chine huremu hwe 100kg; ngatitizve chokutanga chakagara pauso hwe 1m2, chepiri chakagara pauso hwe 0,5m2. Zviumbwa zviviri zvine Fosi yakaenzana asi chiumbwa chakagara pauso hudiki hwe 0,5m2 ndicho chinodzvanya nepuresha yakakura.
Spidhi (Speed)- iri izwi rinodudza nhambwe yafambwa paumwe hwechiyero chenguva. Spidhi ine tsazaniso inoti Spidhi = (nhambwe/nguva); uye une chiyero chinonzi mita pa sekondi (m/s.) Spidhi haitarisi kuti nhambwe yafambwa pakatwasuka here nokuti hauna rudzivo runopimwa - uku ndiko kusiyana kwacho nemuchacha.
Muchacha (velocity)- iri izwi rinodudza nhambwe yafambwa nenzira yakatwasuka paumwe hwechiyero chenguva. Muchacha une tsazaniso inoti Muchacha = (nhambwe/nguva); uye une chiyero chinonzi mita pa sekondi (m/s). Muchacha unopimwa kushanduka kwerudzivo zvakare.
Rufangu (Acceleration)- iri izwi rinoreva kuchinja kwemuchacha paumwe hwechiyero chenguva. Kufangura kune chiyero (m/s2). Tsazaniso inoti Rufangu = (kuchinja kwemuchacha/nguva).
Gunganidzo (Gravity)- iri izwi rinotsanangudza chiitiko chinoonekwa pazviumbwa zvemuchadenga kuti zvinokweva chero chipi chiumbwa nefosi rine kukura kunoyenderana nehuremu hwezviumbwa. Fosi reguganidzo ndiro rinekweva mvura kuti iwungane munzvimbo dzakaderera uye kuti chinhu chichinge chakandwa mudenga chidzoke zvakare pasi.
Huremu (Mass)- huremu kupimwa kwehuwandu hwechinhu. Huremu hunopimwa nechiyero chinonzi kilogram (Kg).
Huduma (density) - iri izwi rinoreva huremu huchipimwa paumwe hwemumhu. Zvinhu zvakasiyana zvine huduma hwakasiyana; kusiyana kwehuduma kunoita kuti zvimwe zvinhu zviyangarare pamusoro pemvura zvimwe zvichinyura. Iri zita rapiwa richitoredzera paguduma rinove sango rine miti yakabatana zvakanyanya. Zvakanaka kuti tinge tichimutsurudza mazwi asingashandiswe mazuva ose tichiashandisa kutaura zvinhu zvatinowona mazuvano zvinoda kufanana nezvaireva mazwi aya kare.
Hujoto (temperature) chiyero chinopima kutonhora kana kupisa kuri kuita chiro kana nzvimbo. Hujoto hunodudza kuti chiro chinokwanisa kudziyisa chimwe zvakadii. Sokuti madziya (heat) anoyerera kubva panzvimbo pane hujoto hwe 100oCelsius kuenda kune hujoto hwe 40oCelsius.
Nguva (Time) - iri izwi rinoreva kupimwa kunoitwa kutaramukana kwakaita zviitiko; nguva inopimwa nechiyero chinonzi sekondi(s).
Dendera (Rotation) - iri izwi rinoshandiswa kana chiumbwa chichipoterera akiso yekufungidzira (imaginary axis) zvikuru sei kana akiso iri kunze kwechiumbwa ichochi. Muenzaniso kutenderera kunoita Earth ichipoterera zuva (sun) kamwe (1) pagore.
Kuziririka (Spinning) - iri izwi rinoshandiswa kana chiumbwa chiri kutenderera pa akiso iri pakati pechiumbwa zvikuru sei sei kana akiso ichidarika nepane goko rehuremu (centre of mass). Muenzaniso ungapiwa kuzeya kunoita Earth kamwe pazuva ichiziririka nepane akiso inopfuura nepagoko raiyo Earth.
Nhambwe (Distance)- iri izwi rinotsanangudza kuti nzvimbo iri kure zvakadii kubva kune imwe. Nhambwe inopimwa nechiyero chinonzi mita.
Govano (Ratio) - izwi iri rinoreva hukama huripo pakati penhamba mbiri dzine nzenda (dimensions) dzakafanana. Govano inonyorwa seizvi (a:b), izvi zvichitiudza kuti nhamba yechipiri inopinda kangani mune yokutanga. Muenzaniso ungapiwa ungati zvikwata zviviri zvenhabvu Guruve United neMhangura United zvanga zviine zvibodzwa 3:2 papera mutambo; apa govano yacho inenge iri 1.5. Umwe muenzaniso: pavakapedza kudiridza Sarudzai naChipo vakanga vane 30:15 migomo yemvura yavakatakura - apa govano yacho inenge iri 2. Tinoona kuti pamienzaniso yapiwa zvinhu zviri kufananidzwa zvine nzenda kana chiyero chakafanana.
Mudida (Rate)- izwi iri rinoreva hukama huripo pakati penhamba dzine nzenda dzakasiyana. Nokumwe kutaura Mudida unenge iri Govano yezvinhu zviviri zvine nzenda yakasiyana. Muenzaniso weMudida inosanganisira Muchacha(speed), kurova hwehana (Heart beat), Kuchivirika. Izvi zvataurwa zvine nzenda dzinoti: Muchacha (metres/second), kurova kwehana (beats/second), Kuchivirika (Joules/Second). Kazhinji Mudida unotaurwa kuchishandiswa nguva semupimo uri kufananidzwa nawo; asi tinogonawo kushandisa nhambwe, huremu zvichingodaro. Sokuti tarakita yangu inofamba 10km pa Rita repeturu, kana kuti nyama iri kutengwa nemutengo we $5 pa Kg.
Hwiriro (Kaendaenda, Frequency) - iri izwi rinoreva huwandu hwechiitiko chinodzokorora tichiverenga paumwe hwechiyero chenguva. Hwirira hunopimwa nechiyero chinonzi Hertz unove mupimo unoreva kuti chiitiko chiri kuitika kamwe pa sekondi imwe.
Dendera pa Mineti (Revolutions per minute)- iri izwi rinodudzira mudida wechiumbwa chiri kutenderera pa akiso uye kuchishandiswa Dendera pa Mineti sechiyero. Chiyero ichi chinoshandiswa zvakare kutaura mudida wezviumbwa zviri kuzeya zvichiita monerapo paAkiso iri pakati pechiumbwa chiri kutaurwa nezvacho.
- Gumbapamwe (System) rinoreva kubatanidzwa pamwe munzvimbo imwe kwezvinhu zvine ukama huri kutarirwa. Gumbapamwe rine zvinhu zvinobatirana, nekurarama, nekudyidzana pamwe munzvimbo yakatarwa. Kuti titsanangure Gumbapamwe tinogona kusanganisira: nhengo dzirimo; zvinotaura mashandirwo emabasa; mitemo inotonga nhengo dzirimo; uye zvinyorwa zvinotaura ukama huripo pakati penhengo (elements, stakeholders) idzi; nekutara miganhu yerumana rweGumbapamwe, uye miganhu yezvinotenderwa (kana kusatenderwa) kuitika kana kuti kuva nhengo. Gumbapamwe rine ukama hunosimbiswa netsazaniso pakati pezvinopimwa (equations & relationships), maitirwo ezvirongwa (procedures & protocols), zvinyanye (extrema), zvichingodaro. Gumbapamwe - co-existing or working combined together.
Mashoko emwero wehuwandu[chinja | edit source]
Zvinyanye (Extrema) - iri shoko rinodudzira panogumira hukuru uye huduku hwemupimo uri kutaurwa nezvawo. Sokuti mvura inowanikwa pakati pezvinyanye zve 0-100o Celsius. Zvinyanye izita rapiwa richitora pakutaura kwemazuva ose patinoti "zvanyanya, zvanyanyisa kana kuti zvakanyanya - kuChirungu vachiti extreme or extremely". Kana totarisa humwe hweZvinyanye tinoti chinyanye (extremum, singular)
Nharire (Maximum) - iri izita rapiwa kududzira panogumira hukuru hwemupimo uri kutaurwa nezvawo. Sokuti muZimbabwe motokari dzinotenderwa nharire yemuchacha we 120 km/hr pamigwagwa mikuru. Mukutaura kwemazuva ose nharire inzvimbo yakakwirira, paive nemunhu airinda nyika yaShe achitarira kuti kune vavengi vanouya here.
Nhika (Minimum) - iri izita rapiwa kududzira panogumira huduku hwemupimo uri kutaurwa nezvawo. Sokuti hurumende inoronga kutara mari inotambiriswa vashandi ive panhika ye$150 pamwedzi. Pakutaura kwemazuva ose nhika inzvimbo iri pakadzika tichifananidza nenhraunda yenzvimbo iyoyo.
Katikati (Average) - iri izita rapiwa kudzudzira nhamba inowanikwa kana nhamba dziripo dzahwerengedzwa, dzichizogovaniswa nehuwandu hwenhamba dziripo. Sokuti vana vanopedza Chikoro ChePrimary vaine katikati yemakore 13 ekuberekwa.
Chiwanza (Mode) - iri zita rapiwa kududzira nhamba inoonekwa zvizhinji paboka renhamba dziri kutaurwa nezvadzo. Sokuti kana tiine boka (set) renhamba dzinotevera: 3,4,6,7,8,9,10,4,11,2,1,4; tinennge toti nhamba 4 ndiwo chiwanza
Misandu yeSebhe[chinja | edit source]
Misandu yeSebhe (States) - iri izwi rapiwa kududza chimiro chezvinhu zvinobatika nekuonekwa nekunzwikwa pakunge zvasvitswa panharaunda yakasiyana hujoto kana mutsindo (temperature and pressure). Kune misandu mitatu yemvura zvichienderana nehujoto hwemvura yacho.
Godo (solid) - iri izwi rapiwa kutsangudza chinhu chakaumbana chisingayerere chingafananidzwa nedombo kana simbi. Takatarisana nemvura tinoona inoita magodo emazaya echando (ice) kana mvura yatondodzwa zviri pasi pe 0 Celsius. Magodo haayerere uye anochengeta kuumbwa kwaakaitwa, pasina kutsindirika kwakanyanya kungaitwa.
Mutuvi (Liquid) - iri zita rapiwa kududza chinhu chine kutaridzika kunenge kwemvura inoyerera. Chinhu chine musandu weMutuvi chinoyerera uye chakadirwa mugapu, chinotora kuumbwa kwakaita gapu iroro zvichienderana nehuwandu wemutuvi wacho. Muenzaniso wemituvi inosanganisira mvura, mukaka, huchi, peturu, zvichingodaro. Iri zita rapiwa richitoredzera mutuvi unova mvura iya yemukaka.
Gasi (Gas) - iri zita rapiwa kuzvinhu zvinenga mweya watinofema, zvisingabatike, asi zvichigona kunzwika kuti zviripo. Gasi rinotambanuka kuzadza nzvimbo kana rongo raunenge wariiswa, zvakare rinogona kutsindirika kana puresha yawedzerwa. Mienzaniso yegasi inosanganidza oxygen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, hydrogen sulphide zvichingodaro


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Gongo
Muchidzidzo Chezvipenyu (Biology) gongo (clitoris in English) chikamu chenhengo yechikadzi inonzi mbutu. Kuti nhau yokutanya inzwisisike zviri nani tinofanira kukurukura kaumbirwo kakaitwa nhengo yechidzimai sokuonekwa kwainoitwa nechekunze. Vamwe vatauri vanoti chidziviro, uyu uri ndiwo mutauro une chiremera.
Contents
Kuumbwa kweNhengo[chinja | edit source]
Hwabvu[chinja | edit source]
Kunze kwayo nhengo yechikadzi ine zvipika zviviri zvingadaidzwa kuti hwabvu - labia kuEnglish. Hwabvu huri paviri, kunoita hwabvu hukobvu kwoitawo hwabvu hutete. Shoko rokuti hwabvu rinobva kuChiKorekore richireva kuti miromo - lips.
Hwabvu hukobvu (labia majora) ndihwo hunovhariridza chikamu chenhengo chinoonekwa nokunze. Hwabvu uhwu hunobva kuzvidya kusvika nepakati pane mukoronga kana kuti mutsemu. Pamusoro pehwabvu uhwu ndipo panokura choya kana kuti mavhudzi. Hwabvu hukobvu hunopendera pamukoronga pahunoshanduka kuva nyama tsvuku isina choya.
Hwabvu hutete (labia minora) ndizvo zvinzeve kana kuti mipendero iri mukati mehwabvu hukobvu. Hwabvu uhwu hunotangira nechekumusoro kune kabhinzi (gongo) huchinosvika zasi kune buri rekuzvara. Sekutaura kunoita zita racho, hwabvu hutete hudiki pane hwabvu hukobvu. Uyu hwabvu hutete ndihwo hunoti mamwe madzimai echitema vanoda kutanya kana kudhonza kuti hurebe kuita matinji.
Gongo[chinja | edit source]
Pakati panosangana hwabvu hutete nechekumusoro pane kanyama kadiki kangaenzane nebhinzi kukura. Mukutaura kwemazuva ose vamwe vanokati kabhinzi. Kanyama aka ndiko kanodanwa kunzi gongo. Kanyama aka kanoshandawo kuwedzera kuzipirwa kwemukadzi panguva yokunge agara nomurume wake pabonde. Kanyama aka kane zvitape (Nerves) zvinotapa kuzipa panguva yokurarana kwemurume nemukadzi. Kane simba rokugona kusvitsa mudzimai pakuchemerera kana kachinge kapuruzirwa nenzira inofadza.
Mukana[chinja | edit source]
Mukana ndiro buri rinobuda nemwana pakuzvara uye ndiro rinopinda nenhengo yemurume panguva yebonde. Mukana hausiri iwo buri rinobuda neweti kwete. Buri reweti riri nechepamusoro pari pazasi pegongo.


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Dzingiswa
Izwi rokuti kudzingiswa (circumcision in English) rinoreva kuchekwa kweganda rinovhara kumberi kwenhengo yesikarudzi yechirume inonzi mboro. Vamwe vanoshandisa izwi rokuti kuchecheudzwa kutaura tsika iyoyi.
Zvichienderana netsika munzvimbo dzakasiyana ganda iri rinochekwa pamazera akasiyana okuzvarwa. Zvakare zvikonzero zvinopiwa kutevedza tsika iyi zvinosiyana. Vamwe vanoita tsika iyi vachitevedza Chinamato. Vamwe vanoita vachiti inzira yokutaridza kuyaruka kwemukomana kuti ava murume. Vamwe vanoita senzira yokuchengetedza hutano vachiti nhengo yakachecheudzwa haichengete tsvina kumberi kwayo kana ganda riya rabiswa.
Kurudzi rwemaJudah, tsika yokudzingiswa inoitwa kana mwana ave nemazuva manonwe (8) okuzvarwa. MaJudah vanoita izvi vachitevedzwa mhiko yakaitwa nababa vavo Abraham pamberi paMwari.
Vanamati vechiMuslim vanoitawo tsika yokudzingisa.
Kuno kuAfrica vaRemba vanowanikwa kunyanya mudunhu reMberengwa vanoitawo tsika yokudzingisa iyi. Rudzi rwevaRemba vanoti madzibaba avo maJudah kana kuti vakabva kwakare kunyika yemaJudah.
Mamwe marudzi anoita tsika iyi yokudzingiswa anosanganisira: Xhosa; Shangani; Chewa; Varungu nemamwewo marudzi.
Hurumende yeZimbabwe ichishanda mubazi rezveHutano iri kukurudzira kuti varume vadzingiswe senzira yokuderredza kutapurirana kwehutachiona hunokonzera AIDS hunonzi HIV.


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Sinowo
Muchidzidzo Taranyika, sinowo (Snow) imhando yekuturuka kwemvura inoitika munzvimbo dzinotonhora zvakanyanya. Sinowo zhinji inonaya kunyika dzinotonhora dziri kuEurope (Russian Federation, Ukraine]), Asia, neNorth America. Mazaya echando anowanikwawo munzvimbo dzakakwirira zvakanyanya segomo reKilimanjaro kuKenya nekumakomo makuru ari kuChile kuSouth America.
Kazhinji sinowo inoturuka kana kuri kutonhora zviri pa 0 Celsius zvichidzika, panova ndipo panogwamba mvura kuita magodo echando. Sinowo yakareruka pahuremu uye painoungana inosiya tuhomwe twemhepo pakati payo tunova tunoita kuti isarema. Munyika dzinotonhora, kune mhuka dzinohwanda musinowo kana chando chasvika izvi zvichidzivirira kutonhorwa nechando kwakanyanya. Mhuka dzakita setsuro neshiri dzinonzi Ptarmigan dzinofukura zvipako zvokuhwanda musinowo; apa sinowo inenge iri kuita semashe ichishanda kudzivira chando zvinoita iye inonzi insulation kuEnglish. Mhuka yakahwanda musinowo inodzivirira chando kupfuura iyo iri pamhene inorohwa nemhepo inovhuvhuta.


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Rutsvamhumburu
Rutsvamhumburu kana kuti Holocaust kuChirungu raiva jambwa rokuurayiwa kukuru kwemaJudah munguva yakarwiwa Hondo yePasirose yeChipiri. Urwu rushambwa rwakatungamirwa naAdolf Hitler neBato reNazi avo vakakonzera kuurayiwa kwemaJudah vaigara muGermany nevamwe vaigara kune mamwe matunhu akanga akapambwa neGermany munguva iyi kuEurope. Nyanzvi dzenhoroondo dzine fungidziro yokuti maJudah vakaurayiwa nejambwa iri vakasvika mamiriyoni matanhatu (6m). Shoko rekuti Holocaust rinoreva burnt whole, saka kwedu kuChiShona kwanzi rutsvamhumburu kureva kuti muviri wemunhu waipiswa uri mhumburu kuita dota pasina chaisara.
Zvinonzi panguva iyi muEurope maiva nevagari verudzi rwechiJudah vanosvika mamiriyoni pfumbamwe (9m); muhondo iyi vakatsakatika vaiva zvikamu zviviri kubva muzvitatu (2/3) ivava vakaurayiwa nerutsvamhumburu. Vana vadiki vechiJudah vakafa murutsvamhumburu vanosvika miriyoni rimwe (1m), madzimai vakafa vanokwana mamiriyoni maviri (2m) uye varume vakaurayiwa mujambwa iri vanokwana mamiriyoni matatu (3m). Makamba nenzvimbo dzakashandiswa kutenhera, kumbunyikidza nokuuraya maJudah nevamwe vemarudzi akasiyana dzinonzi dzaisvika zviuru makumi mana (40,000).
Dzimwe nyanzvi dzenhoroondo dzinoti nhamba yevanhu vakafa nekupondwa kwemhomho dzevaRomani uye kuurayiwa kwevanhu vakaremara inofanirwa kunge ichiverengwawo sechikamu cherutsvamhumburu. Saka kune vamwe vadzidzi venhoroondo vanoshandisa irori shoko rekuti rutsvamhumburu kurevawo vanhu vasiri vechiJudah vakafa mukuponda murakatira kwose kwakaitwa neBato reNazi. Vamwe vakaurayiwa vanosanganisirisa: vasungwa vehondo vekuSoviet Union, uye vanhu vemumaruwa ekuPoland neSoviet Union pamwe nengochani. Nhamba dziri kumisikidzwa zvichibva pakuwa kwakaita Soviet Union dzinoti vanhu vemumaruwa pamwe nevasungwa vehondo vakapondwa neBato reNazi vanosvika mamiriyoni gumi nerimwe (11m).
Kune matanho emitemo akatanga kutemwa muGermany aya matanho achizoteverwa nekufurutswa kwevanhu pamwe nejambwa remharadzarudzi. Kwakatarwa mitemo yakatsaukana yaive nechinangwa chokubvisa maJudah kubva mumaruwa mavaigara; iyi inosanganisira mitemo yeNuremberg yegore 1935 nemimwe yakatarwa Hondo yePasirose yeChipiri isati yatanga. Hurumende yaHitler yakavaka kamba dzenhapwa (concentration camps) uko kwavharirwa vanhu vachishandiswa sevaranda kudzamara vafe nezvirwere kana kuneta. Mumatunhu akanga apambwa neGermany kumabvazuva kweEurope kwakaumbwa zvikwata zvechiwuto zvaita basa rokuponda mhomho dzemaJudah pamwe nevaipikisana nemawuto aya pane zvematongerwo enyika.
Mawuto eGermany mumatunhu avakanga vapamba akaisa mitemo yaimanikika vanhu verudzi rwechiJudah pamwe nevaRomani kuti vagare mumatangwena umo vanhu vaigara riri dzvikitsviki kunzvindana sematemba. Vanhu vaitorw kubva mutangwena umu vachiendeswa nechitima kuenda kukamba dzekuuraya (extermination camps) uko vaiurayiwa munhungu dzechefu yegasi ndokunge vararama rwendo rwechitima. Mapazi ose ehofisi dzeGermany akanga achibatirana mukushanda mabasa akasvitsa kuti kuve nebaradzarudzi.


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Gumbapamwe reMushana
Muzvidzidzo zvinoti: taranyika; jekanyika; fundoyetsimba, Gumbapamwe reMushana (Solar System), rinobatanidza zuva nenyeredzi dzinopoterera nemaboterekwa akatenderera zuva. Nyeredzi idzi dzinosanganisira mitumbi inoti: Earth; Mars; Jupiter; Pluto; Mecury; Venus; Saturn, Uranus neNeptune..
Idzi ndidzo nyeredzi dzine maboterekwa anopoterera zuva ratinoona rinobuda nokuvira panyika yatigere. Nyeredzi idzi dzinoramba dziri mumaboterekwa iwaya nokuda kwefosi inokonzerwa negunganidzo rezuva inova inokweva nyeredzi idzi kune zuva.


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Nhambwe
Muchidzidzo cheKupimanzvimbo, nhambwe (Distance) izwi rinotsanangudza kuti nzvimbo iri kure zvakadii kubva kune imwe. Nhambwe inopimwa nechiyero chinonzi mita - (metre).
Mazwi anodudza nhambwe[chinja | edit source]
Hurefu (length) - shoko iri rinoreva kureba kwenzvimbo kana ichipimwa. Kana tiri kuMasvomho, hurefu hunoshandiswa kududza divi rakanyanya kureba kudarika mamwe.
Hwasha (width) - shoko iri rinoreva kupamhama kwenzvimbo kana ichipimwa
Hudzamu (depth) - shoko rinoreva kudzika kwenzvimbo kana ichipimwa. Shoko iri rinoshandiswa kududza kupimwa kwenhambwe zvichitevedza rudzivo rwekudzika pasi.
Hukwidza (height, altitude) - iri shoko rinonyanya kushandiswa kududza kupimwa kwenhambwe zvichitevedza rudzivo rwekuenda mudenga. Somuenzaniso tingataura hukwidza hwendenge iri kubhururuka kana chivakwa chemudurikidzanwa. Mukutaura kwamazuva ose tinoti chinhu chiri pakakwirira kana pakaderera, muzvidzidzo zveScience zvakafanira kuti titaure pamusoro pehukwidza.
Mipimo yose yataurwa pamusoro inoshandisha chiyero chenhambwe chinonzi mita (metre).


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Kutambura Kwatiri Kuita Kunokonzerwa naMwari Here?
Mhinduro yeBhaibheri
Bhaibheri rinobudisa pachena kuti kwete haasi Mwari! Kutambura kuri kuita vanhu hachisi icho chaiva chinangwa chaJehovha Mwari kubvira pakutanga-tanga. Asi kuti murume nomudzimai vokutanga, vakapandukira utongi hwaMwari vachibva vasarudza kuti vagadze mitemo yavo yokuzvisarudzira chakanaka nechakaipa. Vakabva vapira Mwari gotsi uye ndipo pakatangira kutambura kwose.
Nemhaka yechisarudzo chavo chakaipa chavakaita, isu nhasi tava kutambura. Asi kubvira pakutanga-tanga Mwari akanga asina kuronga kuti vanhu vazotambura.
Bhaibheri rinoti: “
Paanenge achiedzwa, munhu ngaarege kuti: ‘Ndiri kuedzwa naMwari.’ Nokuti hapana munhu angaedza Mwari nezvinhu zvakaipa uyewo iye haaedzi munhu.” (Jakobho 1:


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Chivanhu
Shoko rokuti ChiVanhu rinoreva zvunhu zviviri. Chokutanga, Chivanhu zvinoreva mutaura wedu uyo wakapiwa zita rokuti ChiShona nemurungu ainzi Clement Doke mugore ra1931. VaShona pachavo, makare kare, vaiti mutauro wavo unonzi Chivanhu. Chechipiri, Chivanhu zvinoreva bumbiro retsika, mitemo, magariro nemafungiro evaShona.
Contents
Mutauro weChiVanhu[chinja | edit source]
Mutauro weChiVanhu ndiwounonzi mazuvano mutauro weChiShona uyo wakavumbwa nezvikamu zvemitauro inoti: ChiKaranga, ChiZezuru, ChiManyika, ChiNdau, nezvimwe zvisina kudomwa pano.
Mafungiro eChivanhu[chinja | edit source]
Vanhu veChiVanhu vanemafungiro anotangira pakuti zvinhu zvese zvepasirino zvakasikwa naMwari, uyo anofungwa kuti Mweya mukuru kukunda yese uye unoera uine masimba kukunda mweya yese. Mwari, mumavonero eChiVanhu, mweya unogara pese pese, muchinu chese chese chakasikwa, uchiziva zvese zvese zvaivapo, zviripo, nezvichavapo. Zvokufunga kuti Mwari uri kudenga, uyewo kuti Mwari anogara kudenga, ifungwa yakavuyiswa muvanhu veChiVanhu nevanhu veChiRungu, aya ari mafungiro eChiKirisitu. Vanhu veChiVanhu vane mafungiro anoti Mwari ari pese pese, pasirino nekumatenda. Uyewo Mwari unogona kuhwa zvatinotaura nezvatinofunga, uyewo isu tinoenda kuna Mwari tichiturikigwa nekuvadzimu vedu, ayo ari madzitateguru edu, uyewo midzimu yenharaunda, neyenyika. Vadzimu vanotitungamirira mukurarama kwedu, nokugadzikana pakati pedu nenyika nezvisikwa zvese zvapasirino. Hutungamiriri hwavadzimu hunonzi hunobva kuna Mwari, nokuti vadzimu ndivo vanotumwa naMwari kuti vatichengetedze. Zvinhu zvese zvatinoita zvinofungidzigwa kuti zvinechokuita nevadzimu kusvikira kuna naMwari.
Tsika dzeChivanhu[chinja | edit source]
Tsika dzeChiVanhu ndiwo maitiro anopa munhu, kana kuti boka revanhu, hunhu mumeso nemavonero evanhu vari munharaunda yovugaro. Kusatevera tsika dzeChiVanhu zvinofungwa kuti zvinotsamisa midzimu uyewo Mwari Musiki wenyika.
Mitemo yeChiVanhu[chinja | edit source]
Mitemo yeChivanhu zviga zvinotemwa nemadzishe nemadzimabo enyika. Mitemo hainei nechokuita nemidzimu uye naMwari. Mitemo yeChiVanhu inotarisigwa kuti haipikisani netsika dzeChivanhu. Tsika dzinoonekwa sokuti dzinoera uyewo dzinokosha kudarika mutemo.
Magariro eChiVanhu[chinja | edit source]
Magariro echiVanhu anofambirana netsika uyewo nemafungiro nemitemo zveChiVanhu.


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Gunganidzo
Muchidzidzo cheScience gunganidzo (Gravity) izwi rinotsanangudza chiitiko chinoonekwa pazviumbwa zvemuchadenga kuti zvinokweva chero chipi chiumbwa nefosi rine kukura kunoyenderana nehuremu hwezviumbwa.
Fosi regunganidzo ndiro rinokweva mvura kuti iwungane munzvimbo dziri pakaderera uye kuti chinhu chichinge chakandwa mudenga chidzoke zvakare pasi.
Fosi yegunganidzo pakati pezuva nenyika ndiyo inoita kuti Rinopasi (earth) rirambire muBoterekwa (orbit) rimwechete marinotenderera dendera rimwe (1) pagore risingatetereke muchadenga. Zuva rinokwezva nyika kuti irambe ichitenderera muBoterekwa risingashunduke.
Dzimwe nyeredzi dzose dzinofamba neBoterekwa rakatarwa dzinodariswo negunganidzo pakati penyeredzi (planets) idzodzo nezuva. Zuva rinokwezva nyeredzi kuti dzirambe dzichitenderera neBoterekwa risingashunduke. Chiitiko chegunganidzo chinotsanangurwa nedudzirazivo rakanyorwa naIsaac Newton rave kunzi Mutemo weGunganidzo waNewton - Newton's Law of Gravity.


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Asia
Asia ndiro ziendaenda redunhu rakabatana neAfrica neEurope. Asia ndieo ziwumbe rakakura pana ose pahuwandu hwevanhu uye kukura kwedunhu racho.
Taranyika[chinja | edit source]
Asia ndiyo chikamu chiri kumabvazuva kweziendanakuenda reEurasia. Asia neEurope dzine muganhu pachisuvi chemvura chiri pamakomo eUral neCaucasus, parwizi Ural, negungwa Caspian Sea neBlack Sea. Dzinoganhurana zvakare pamvura inobatanidza Black Sea neAegean Sea. KuMaodzanyemba kweEurope kune Artic Sea nemamwe makungwa, kuMadokero kune gungwa Atlantic, kuChamhembe kune gungwa Mediterranean neBlack Sea nemuronga unobatanidza magungwa aya. Europe inopatsanurana neAfrica pagungwa reMediterranean iyo iri kuMaodzanyemba kweAfrica.
Kubva panyika yeTurkey zvichienda kumabvazuva inenge yava Asia, ichinobatanidzira Middle East, India, China, kunosvika kuKorea. Asia ine zvitsuwa zvakawanda zvinosanganisira Japan, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Taiwan, Hong Kong, nezvimwewo.
Nyika dzine hugari hwevanhu vazhinji dziri muAsia dzinoti, China, India, neIndonesia. Russia ndiyo nyika yakanyanya kukura muziwumbe reAsia.


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Gonyonhatu
Muchidzidzo chePimanyika, gonyonhatu chiumbwa chine mativi matatu nemagonyo matatu. gonyonhatu chiumbwa chiri pamupanda wegonyozhinji. gonyonhatu rine mikwava A, B, C rinonyorwa sezvizvi, AABC.
Mhando dzegonyonhatu[chinja | edit source]
Muchikamu chino tichataura pamusoro pemarudzi egonyonhatu; mhando dzegonyonhatu dzinotumidzwa mazita zvichienderana nekupimwa kwemativi uye magonyo ari pakati paro.
Kune gonyonhatu tsazakose (equilateral triangle) - iri rine mativi ose akaenza uye gonyo nhatu dzose dzakaenzana.
Kune gonyonhatu mutseyekwa (scalene triangle) - iri rine mativi ose ane nhambwe dzakasiyana uye gonyo nhatu dzose dzakasiyana. Hazvinei gonyonhatu mutseyekwa agara nedivi ripi anotaridzika seanorerekera (kana kuwandira) kune rimwe divi nguva dzose.
Kune gonyonhatu tsazamaviri (isosceles triangle) - iri rine mativi maviri akaenzana, negonyo mbiri dzakaenzana.
Kunoitawo gonyonhatu yemutwi (right-angled triangle) - iyi ine mativi maviri anosvika pamukwava une gonyo re 90o.
Nharaunda yegonyonhatu[chinja | edit source]
Nharaunda yegonyonhatu runonyorwa netsazaniso inoti:
Nharaunda = 1/2(b.h)
Patsazaniso iri, b, anomirira hwaro hwegonyonhatu; h achimirira hudzamu. Panotsvakwa nharaunda, tinogona kusarudza divi ripi zvaro kuti rive hwaro. Kana tadaro, hudzamu hunenge hwave nhambwe yemutwi unobva pagonyo rakatarisana nehwaro uchinobata pahwaro hwegonyonhatu.
Rheshiyo dzePimagonyonhatu[chinja | edit source]
Ichi chidzidzo chononzi trigonometric ratio kuEnglish. Chidzidzo chino chinotaura pamusoro pehukama huripo pakati penhambwe dziri pamativi nemagonyo egonyonhatu. Chikamu ichi tinoshanda negonyonhatu yemutwi tichidzidza nezve rheshiyo dzinoti tangent, sine uye cosine. Rheshiyo idzi dzinoshandiswa kuti tizive mativi uye magonyo ane hukuru hunenge husinga zivikanwe.
Kuti tipinde muchidzidzo cheRheshiyo dzePimagonyonhatu tinotanga tadudza mazita anopiwa kumativi egonyonhatu. Mativi matatu anopiwa mazita zvichibva pakuti tiri kushanda negonyo ripi regonyonhatu.
- Divi rakabatana negonyo ratiri kushanda naro rinonzi divi remuny'asi (adjacent kuEnglish),
- Divi rakatarisana negonyo ratiri kushanda naro rinonzi darisanwa (opposite kuEnglish) ; iri divi rakaita mutwi nehwaro.
- Divi guru rine nhambwe yakareba kupfura mamwe rinonzi muzendami (hypotenuse) nokuti rinoita sokunge rakazendamiswa rakatsigirwa kuhwaro nedarisanwa.
Sine yegonyo iRheshiyo yenhambwe dzedarisanwa nemuzendami. Sine ine tsazaniso inoti:
Sine = darisanwa/muzendami
Cosine yegonyo iRheshiyo yenhambwe dzedivi remuny'asi nemuzendami. Cosine ine tsazaniso inoti:
Cosine = divi remuny'asi/muzendami
Tangent yegonyo iRheshiyo yenhambwe dzedarisanwa nedivi remuny'asi. Tangent ine tsazaniso inoti:
Tangent = darisanwa/divi remuny'asi


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Rwanda
Rwanda inyika yakakomberedzwa nedzimwe yakatambarara kubva nechepakati kuenda kumabvazuva kweAfrica uye iri kuzasi kwemuenzanisi nemadhigirii mashomane. Rwanda yakaganhurana neyika dzinoti: Uganda, Tanzania, Burundi neDemocratic Republic of the Congo. Rwanda iri muDunhu reNyanza Huru dzeAfrica. Rwanda iri pakakwirira, murutaranyika rwayo munowanikwa makomo ari kumadokero nesavanna kumabvazuva; uye ine madziva mazhinji akapararira nenyika. Mwaka yeko inoenderana nesubtropical ichiwana mwaka miviri yekunaya kwemvura nemwaka yekuwoma miviri zvakare.


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Europe
Europe rimwe rematunhu ziendanakuenda anonzi ziwumbe kana kuti "continent kuEnglish". Izwi rokuti continent rinoreva continous land. Ziwumbe reEurope ndiko kunobva Varungu kwavakapararira vachibva vakanotapa nokutonga nzvimbo dzinoti: Australia; United States of America; Canada neNew Zealand.
Taranyika[chinja | edit source]
Europe ndiyo chikamu chiri kumadokero kweziendanakuenda reEurasia. Asia neEurope dzine muganhu pachisuvi chemvura chiri pamakomo eUral neCaucasus, parwizi Ural, negungwa Caspian Sea neBlack Sea. Dzinoganhurana zvakare pamvura inobatanidza Black Sea neAegean Sea. KuMaodzanyemba kweEurope kune Artic Sea nemamwe makungwa, kuMadokero kune gungwa Atlantic, kuChamhembe kune gungwa Mediterranean neBlack Sea nemuronga unobatanidza magungwa aya. Europe inopatsanurana neAfrica pagungwa reMediterranean iyo iri kuMaodzanyemba kweAfrica.
Europe ndiyo ziwumbe rechipiri pakudupuka kwenharaunda; ziwumbe iri rine nharaunda inokwana square kilometres zvinova zvikamu 6.8% chenharaunda inevhu Pasirose. Europe ine nyika dzinoda kusvika makumi mashanu (50), Russia iriyo nyika hombe pakuwanda kwevanhu nenharaunda. Vatican city ndiyo yakanyanya kudupuka. Europe ndiro ziwumbe rechitatu pakuwanda kwehugari hwevanhu ichitevera Asia neAfrica. Europe ine vanhu 733 million chinova chikamu gumi nerimwe kubva muzana (11%) chehugari hwevanhu Pasirose. Mugore ra1900 zvinofungidzirwa kuti Europe yaive nehugari hwevanhu vanokwana zvikamu makumi maviri nemashanu (25%) yevanhu Pasirose.
Russia ine zvikamu zvevhu muEurope zvese neAsia.


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Muduso
Muduso (finance in English) zvinoreva kuwanikwa nokumanejewa kwemari, nokubatwa kwose kwemari pane kutenga nekutengeserana. Boka riri kuripa mari kana kupa mari pane chinhu chiri kutengewa rinonzi riri kudusa. Mari yacho iri kupiwa inonzi muduso zvakare.
Gurukota rinowona nezveMuduso ndiTendai Biti.
Kupiwa kweZita[chinja | edit source]
Mukutaura kwemazuva ano unonzwa kuchinzi:
- Wotodusa kana uchida kuti zvifambe - kureva kuti ipa mari - "finance".
- Takaenda kunoshanya kuKariba, kambani yedu ndiyo yakapa muduso werwendo urwu - we went to visit Kariba and our company financed the trip.
Tikatarisa kukura kwakaita mutauro weEnglish tinoona vaikwereta mazwi kune mimwe mitauro uye mamwe mazwi akatanga ari "slang" akazopinda mukutaura kwemazuva ose achitoshandiswawo kumabasa nevakuru. Shoko rokuti muduso rinenge rakafanira kutsanangura chinonzi "finance".
Muenzaniso[chinja | edit source]
Chinyorwa chiri pano vazhinji vanokwanisa kuchinzwisisa nokuturikira kuenda kuEnglish zviri nyore
- Pane zambuko rakavakwa rinoyambuka rwizi Zambezi paChirundu. Muduso wokuvaka zambuko iri wakabva kuJapan, Bhanga guru rekuJapan ndiro rakadusa.
- Mukuturikira kunonzi. A bridge was built that crosses the Zambezi river at Chirundu. The bridge was built with finance from Japan, the Bank of Japan financed the project.


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Kuverengwa kweVanhu
Muchidzidzo cheTaranyika Kuverengwa kweVanhu (population census) chirongwa chinoitwa nehurumende yenyika. Chirongwa ichi chinobatsira kugadzirira mabasa ehushumiri hunopiwa nehurumende.
Panoverengwa vanhu kunoda kupindurwa mibvunzo inotevera:
- Vanhu vari munzvimbo vane mazera akaita sei?
- Nzvimbo ine vanhukadzi nevanhurume vane huwandu hwakadini?
- Vanhu vari munzvimbo vakadzidza chikoro kusvika padanho ripi?
- Vanhu vari munzvimbo vanoshanda mabasa ehushangazhi here?
- Baba naAmai vega-vega vari kuzvara vana vangani?
Kune zvimwewo zvizhinji zvinotsvakwa, zvimwe zvichizotsvakwa nanamazvikokota kumahofisi uko vanoda kupindura imwe mibvunzo inobatsira kuronga mabasa ebudiriro.
MuZimbabwe vanhu vanosiverengwa mushure memakore gumi (10). Saka nhoroondo yokuverengwa kwevanhu inoti izvi zvakaitwa mukakore 1982, 1992, 2002. Kuverengwa kwevanhu kunotevera kuri kutarisirwa mugore ra 2012. Chirongwa ichi chinotungamirwa neCentral Statistics Office.


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Mwaka yepaNyika
Contents
Tsanangudzo dzemazwi anoshandiswa[chinja | edit source]
Kati - iri rimwe izwi rinoreva mwaka yepanyika - season in English.
Akiso (Axis)- uyu mutsetse uri pakati pechiumbwa unoti zviri kumativi ose emutsetse iwoyu zvinenge zvakafanana nekuenzanza huremu nekuumbwa kwazvo. Takatarisana neEarth, akiso iyi ndiyo monerapo apo panoziririka Earth kamwe pamusi mumwe - izvi zvinokonzera kubuda nokudoka kwezuva. Akiso iyi mutsetse unobatananidza North pole neSouth pole. Earth inoziririka kamwe pamusi umwe ichizvimonerera paAkiso iyoyi - kamwe pa24 maawa.
Denderende (Ellipse) - iri zita rinoreva munyonga uri pamutsendo, unoonekwa panochekwa charaka zvichitevedza mutsendo nenzira inopa munyonga wakavharwa kwese (closed curve). Izvi zvinoreva kuti mutsendo wacho unocheka nenzira yokuti chiumbwa chinosara pachekwa chine munyonga chete pasina mutsetse wakati twasa; mutsendo haucheke hwaro kana chisuvi chiri pacharaka. Denderende harisi denderedzwa asi rinoda kuita sedenderedzwa rine kuumbwa kwezai.
Boterekwa, (Orbit) - iri zita rinoreva nzira inofambwa nayo neEarth apo inenge ichipoterera zuva (sun) kamwe pagore kana kuti pamisi 365. Boterekwa reEarth rine kuumbwa kwakaita denderende. Iri zita rinoshandiswawo kutsanangudza nzira dzinofambwa nedzimwe nyeredzi (planets) padzinopoterera zuva
Mutsendo (Plane, flat area) izwi rinoreva uso hwakatichechetere kunge pamusoro pemvura. Mutsendo unogonga kunge wakamiswa wakaita mutwi kana kurara kuti sandarara kana kurereka neipi zvayo gonyo. Mutsendo uso hune nzenda mbiri (2-dimensions)- hwasha nehurefu; mutsendo hauna hudzamu. Earth inoita dendera (revolves) iri pamutsendo wedenderende (elliptical plane) unocheka nepakati pezuva (sun).
Mutsazanisi (equator) mutsetse unopangidza panosangana uso hweurungano nemutsendo une goko rehuremu uye wakarurama neakiso yeurungano yacho. Kureva kuti mutsendo uyu wakaita mutwi neaksio uye kuti wakatakura Gokwe rehuremu (centre of mass) yeurungano yacho. Iri zita rinoshandiswazve pakutsangudza kuumbwa kweRinopasi, (Earth). Mutsazanisi une nhambwe dzakaenzana kubva kuNorth pole ne South pole panzvimbo dzose.
North pole ndipo papoyindi panosangana uso neakiso yekuzeya yeRinopasi (Earth), kuri kuMaodzanyemba kweRinopasi, riri divi rakapesana neSouth pole. Kana takatarisa kuMabvazuva, North pole inenge yakarurama kuruboshwe.
South pole ndipo papoyindi panosangana uso neakiso yekuzeya yeRinopasi (Earth), kuri kuChamhembe kweRinopasi. Kana takatarisa kuMabvazuva, South pole inenge yakarurama kurudyi.
Muyeramwaka, (Latitude) mitsetse inobatanidza nzvimbo dzine nhambwe yegonyo yakaenzana kana gonyo richipimwa kubva paMutsazanisi zvichienda kuMaodzanyemba kana kuChamhembe kweMutsazanisi. Latitude inoverengwa ichibva paMutsazanisi uyo unopiwa nhamba 0o. Nhamba yelatitude inokwira zvichienda kuNorth pole - nhamba dzichipiwa vara (+), kudzamara dzasvika pa +90o. Nhamba yelatitude inodzika zvichenda kuSouth pole, nhamba dzichipiwa vara (-), kudzamara dzasvika pa -90o. Izvi zvinoreva kuti latitude 20o iri kuMaodzanyemba kweMutsazanisi; latitude -30o kana kuti 30oS iri kuChamhembe kweMutsazanisi. Mepu inotaridza mitsetse yelatitude ichibva kamadokero kuenda kumabvazuva.
Muyeranhambo (Longitude) mitsetse inobatanidza nzvimbo dzine nhambwe yegonyo yakaenzana kana gonyo richipimwa kubva paPrime (Greenwich) zvichienda kuMabvazuva kana kuMadokero ePrime Meridian. Longitude inoverengwa ichibva paPrime Meridian iyo inopiwa nhamba 0o. Nhamba yelongitude inokwira zvichienda kuMabvazuva - nhamba dzichipiwa vara (+), kudzamara dzasvika pa +180o. Nhamba yelongitude inodzika zvichenda kuMadokero, nhamba dzichipiwa vara (-), kudzamara dzasvika pa -180o. Izvi zvinoreva kuti longitude +20o iri kuMabvazuva kwePrime Meridian; longitude -30o iri kuMadokero kwePrime Meridian.
Dendera (Revolution) izwi rinoreva kupoterera kunoita Earth ichitendera zuva. Dendera rinotanga nekuperera panzvimbo imwechete - ipapo paratangira ndipo parinogumira kuverengwa. Earth inoita dendera kamwe (1) pamazuva 365 kana kuti pagore.
Kuzeya neDendera reEarth[chinja | edit source]
Kuzeya. Shoko rokuti kuzeya kweEarth rinoreva kuziririka kunoita nyika paAkiso inobatanidza North pole neSouth pole. Earth inoita monerapo ichiziririka paAkiso iyoyi. Kana tichitarisa North pole kubva muchadenga nyika inoratidzika ichiziririka kuenda nerudzivo rwunopesana newachi - counter-clockwise. Kana kuri kuSouth pole inotaridzika ichitenderera nerudzivo rwunotevedza wachi - clockwise. Kuziririka kunoita nyika ndiko kunoita kuti kuve neusiku nemasikati; nyika inoziririka kamwe (1) panguva inoita 24 maaawa. Pane ipi zvayo nguva: hafu yenyika inenge yakataira zuva iri muchiedza ari masikati; imwe hafu inenge iri murima kudivi risiri kuwana mirazvo yezuva. Saka panyika panogara paine denderedzwa rinotara muganhu pakati perima nechiedza unonzi Denderedzwa reChiedza - Circle of Illumination.
Dendera. Shoko rokuti dendera rinoreva kupoterera kunoita Earth ichitendera zuva. Earth inoita dendera kamwe (1) pamisi 365,25. Dendera rinotanga nekuperera panzvimbo imwechete - ipapo paratangira ndipo parinogumira kuverengwa - nyika ichizotangazve kutenderera nenzira iyoyo imwechete. Nzira inotenderera nayo nyika tichaidana kuti boterekwa; nzira iyi ine kuumbwa kwedenderende kwete denderedzwa. Nokuda kwekuti boterekwa iri idenderende, nhambwe iri pakati penyika nezuva inosiyana mukufamba kwegore - asi izvi sandizvo zvinokonzera mwaka yepanyika.
Kutsveyama kweAkiso yeEarth[chinja | edit source]
Sokutaurwa kwaitwa, Earth inoita dendera (revolves) iri pamutsendo wedenderende (elliptical plane) unochekana neboterekwa rinofamba neEarth kamwe pagore. Panguva imwe chete, Earth inoita monerapo ichiziririka paAkiso inobatanidza North neSouth pole. Akiso yeEarth haina kururama pamutsendo wedenderende asi yakatsveyama negonyo re 23.5o. gonyo riri pakati pemutsendo denderende neAkiso yeEarth haichinje; Akiso inoramba yakanongedza divi rimwe uye yakatsveyama negonyo rimwe re 23.5o. Asi chinoshanduka kuti idivi ripi reAkiso riri pedyo nezuva. Divi riri pedyo nezuva rinowana mirazvo yakanyanya - iri divi ndiro rinenge riri mumwaka wekupisa, zhizha (summer), divi riri kure rinenge riri muchando (winter).
Mazuva ekurangarira[chinja | edit source]
Zuvaragodza (Solstice)
Mazuva eZuvaragodza anoitika June 20-21 neDecember 20-21.
- Pamazuva June 20-21 Earth inenge iri panzvimbo muboterekwa yokuti North pole inenge yakanongedza kuzuva yakatsveyamira kuzuva ne 23.5o. Denderedzwa rechiedza rinenge riri panzvimbo yokuti North pole haipinde murima zvokuti North pole inowana 24 maawa echiedza. Denderedzwa reChiedza rinenge rakaita muganhu palatitude 66.5oN panova ndipo panotangira Arctic Circle. Panguva imwechete, South pole inenge yakanongedza kwakapesana nezuva, denderedzwa rechiedza rinenge riri panzvimbo yokuti South pole inoramba iri murima. South pole inowana 24 maawa erima.
Pamazuva aya, nzvimbo dzose dziri kuMaodzanyemba eMutsazanisi dzinowana chiedza kwemaAwa anodarika 12; nzvimbo dzose dziri kuChamhembe kweMutsazanisi dzinowana chiedza chiri kwemahawa ari pasi pe 12. Hafu yekuMaodzanyemba inenge iri mumwaka weZhizha, hafu yekuChamhembe inenge iri mumwaka wechando.
- Pamazuva December 20-21 Earth inenge iri panzvimbo muboterekwa yokuti South pole inenge yakanongedza kuzuva yakatsveyamira kuzuva ne 23.5o. Denderedzwa rechiedza rinenge riri panzvimbo yokuti South pole haipinde murima zvokuti South pole inowana 24 maawa echiedza. Denderedzwa reChiedza rinenge rakaita muganhu palatitude 66.5oS panova ndipo panotangira Antarctic Circle. Panguva imwechete, North pole inenge yakanongedza kwakapesana nezuva, denderedzwa rechiedza rinenge riri panzvimbo yokuti North pole inoramba iri murima. Nouth pole inowana 24 maawa erima.
Pamazuva aya, nzvimbo dzose dziri kuChamhembe kweMutsazanisi dzinowana chiedza kwemahawa anodarika 12; nzvimbo dzose dziri kuMaodzanyemba kweMutsazanisi dzinowana chiedza chiri kwemahawa ari pasi pe 12. Hafu yekuChamhembe inenge iri mumwaka weZhizha, hafu yekuMaodzanyemba inenge iri mumwaka wechando.
Tsazahusiku Equinox
Mazuva eTsazahusiku anoitika March 20-21 neSeptember 20-21. Pamazuva aya Denderedzwa reChiedza rinocheka North pole neSouth pole - mativi ose eAkiso anenge ari hhambwe dzakafanana kubva kuzuva - hapana divi rinenge riri pedyo nezuva kudarika rimwe. Zvakare hapana divi reAkiso rinenge rakanongedza kune zuva. Pamazuva aya nzvimbo dzose dziri panyika dzinowana husiku hwakaenzana, hwakareba 12 maawa - saka mazuva aya achinzi Tsazahusiku- equinox.
Kubva pana March 20-21, nguva yechiedza inoenda ichireba kuhafu yekuMaodzanyemba - kutanga kwenguva yeChirimo (spring) kunzvimbo dziri kuMaodzanyemba kweMutsazanisi. Kunzvimbo dziri kuChamhembe, nguva yechiedza inenge ichiderera, kutanga kwenguva yeMatsutso (autumn) kunzvimbo idzi.
Kubva pana Sep 20-21, nguva yechiedza inoenda ichiderera kuhafu yekuMaodzanyemba - iyi inguva yemwaka we[[Matsutso] (autumn) kunzvimbo dziri ku[[Maodzanyemba kweMutsazanisi. Kunzvimbo dziri kuChamhembe, nguva yechiedza inenge ichireba, nguva yemwaka weChirimo kunzvimbo idzi.
Latitude neLongitude muChiShona[chinja | edit source]
- Muyeramwaka. Taona kuti mwaka yepanyika inosiyana zvichienderana nekusiyana kwelatitude; nokudaro pfungwa iri kuti tsambamba idzi dzidanwe kunzi Muyeramwaka mwaka muChiShona. Mwaka inenge iri kulatitude dzekuMaodzanyemba inopesana nemwaka yelatitude dzekuChamhembe. Nzvimbo dziri mulatitude dzemaTropics munova mune nyika yeZimbabwe, mwaka haiverengwe kusvika pamwaka mina. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nechiitiko chokunge zuva richiwanikwa nemurazvo une simba panguva zhinji dzegore.
Nzvimbo dziri kunze kwelatitude yeTropics dzinoverenga mwaka mina inoonekwa zvakati tsvikiti. Mwaka iyi ndiyo chando; chirimo, zhizha, matsutso inova winter, autumn, summer ne spring kuEnglish.
- Muyeranhambo. Nguva yezuva inosiyana zvichienderana nelongitude, saka zvakafanira kuti longitude inzi Muyeranhambo. Nzvimbo dzakasiyana dzine nguva dzakasiyana zvichienderana nelongitude yenzvimbo yacho. Kune mipanda yenguva (time-zones) yakarongeka ichitevedza rudzivo Mabvazuva-Madokero yakatarwa pamitemo yenguva Pasirose. Nguva idzi hadzizoteveri longitude kuti gedye-gedye nokuda kwekusiyana kwemitemo yenyika dzePasirose panhau yeMipanda yenguva.
Tamboona kuti longitude inoverengwa iri 0-180oE tichienda kuMabvazuva uye 0-180oW tichienda kuMadokero. Zvinoreva kuti gonyo relongitude rinohwerengedzwa kusvika pa360o. Taona zvakare kuti nyika inoziririka kutenderera kamwe pamahawa 24h - mahawa 24h anoenderana ne 360o. Panofambwa 15o yoga-yoga nguva inochinja nehawa imwe (1h).
Nyika yeZimbabwe iri murumana rwemuyeranhambo (longitude) +30oE. Pose panochinja muyeranhamo ne 15o, nguva inochinja neawa rimwe (1h). Nokudaro Zimbabwe inopiwa nguva yakawedzerwa 2h (maawa 2) zvichienzaniswa nenguva iri paPrime Meridian. Somuenzaniso kana nguva iri paPrime Meridian iri pa 06:00hrs, nguva yeZimbabwe inenge iri pa 08:00hrs. Nguva iri paPrime Meridian inonzi Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). Nokumwe kutaura nguva yeZimbabwe inodanwa ichinzi GMT + 2hrs.
- Tariro ndeyekuti mifananidzo ivepo pachidzidzo chino kubatsira kunzwisisa zviri kutsanangurwa.


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Rwizi
Muchidzidzo cheTaranyika, rwizi (river in English) zvinoreva muronga unoyeredza mvura kubva kunzvimbo dzakakwirira kuenda kunzvimbo dzakaderera. Rwizi runogona kuva hombe kana diki; dzimwe nzizi dzinoyerera mitunhu yakareba dzichipinda munyika dzakawanda.
Mamwe mazwi anotaura rwizi ndeaya: rukova, kakorodzi (small stream), rufuvha, rukoto, mukomba.
Machiti (rapids in English) zvinoreva mangondo kana mawere anodzika ari munzira yerwizi, pahumwe zviichinzi chiti. Mangondo aya anoitika pane matombo makukutu akachinjika panoerera nerwizi, asi zasi kune matombo anokukurwa zviri nyore.
Birimo zvinoreva hombekombe yerwizi ine matombo akakwira - high rocky bank.
Tsumo[chinja | edit source]
- Rukova rwizi, kuyambuka unokwinya nguo. Tsumo iyi inoreva kuti munhu anofanirwa kuzvininipisa kana achida kukunda nyangwe nepane icho chingataridzika sechidiki. Tsumo iyi inotiudzawo kuti vakare vaisiyanisa rwizi norukova; rwizi rwuri rukuru pane rukova.
- Muromo hauzarirwi nerwizi.
Rwizi Nile[chinja | edit source]
Rwizi Nile ndirwo rwakanyanya kureba Pasirose ruchiyerera nhambwe inoita 6,650km. Nile inopinda munyika dzinoti: Burundi; Rwanda; Democratic Republic of Congo; Tanzania; Kenya; Uganda; Ethiopia neEgypt.
Rwizi Zambezi[chinja | edit source]
Kuno kuChamhembe kweAfrica, Rwizi Zambezi ndirwo rwizi rukuru rwakareba 3,540km. parwizi urwu ndipo panowanikwa mapopoma anonzi Victoria Falls ari pamuganhu panosangana Zimbabwe, Zambia, Namibia neBotswana. Mamwe mapopoma ari parwizi Zamabezi anosanganisira: Chavuma Falls iri pamuganhu weAngola neZambia; Ngonye Falls neSioma Falls kuMadokero kweZambia.
Zambezi rine magwenya makuru emagetsi maviri ari paKariba Dam neCabora Bassa Dam. Pane rimwe gwenya diki paVictoria falls.
Chisuvi cheMvura[chinja | edit source]
Chisuvi cheMvura zvinoreva nzvimbo yakakwirira yokuti kumativi ayo nzizi dzinoyerera dzichienda kwakasiyana.
Somuenzaniso muZimbabwe chisuvi chemvura chinotevedza nzvimbo dzakakwirira pakavakirwa maguta anoti: Harare; Chegutu; Kadoma; Kwekwe; Gweru neBulawayo.
Kune rimwe divi nzizi dzinoyerera dzichienda kuMaodzanyemba kunodira kuna rwizi Zambezi. Nzizi dzinoti: Rwizi Mazowe; Rwizi Munyati; Rwizi Manyame dzinoyerera dzichinodira muna Zambezi.
Nekune rimwe divi dzinoyerera dzichienda mabvazuva dzichinodira muna Rwizi Runde naRwizi Save. Divi iri rine nzizi dzinoti: rwizi Tokwe; rwizi Chiredzi; rwizi Mutirikwe dzine mvura inonopinda kuMozambique ichinodira kugungwa reIndian Ocean.


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Shangu
Shangu (shoe in English) chpfeko chinopfekwa kutsoka chichivhriridza pasi nepamusoro petsoka. Shangu zhinji dzinogadzirwa nedehwe asi kune shangu dzejira uye dzeplastic.
Mukutaura kwemazuva ose tinofananidza shangu nebhutsu asi zvipfeko izvi zviviri zvakasiyana. Bhutsu ishangu ine chipika nemativi anovhara chikamu chezasi chemupimbira uye inonyanya kupfekwa kumabasa muhushangazhi. Dzimwe bhutsu dzinogadzirwa dzine simbi mberi inodzivirira kukuvara kwezvigunwe kana zvikadonherwa nezvinorema..
Tsika[chinja | edit source]
Vamwe vanoti shangu dzemunhu ndidzo dzinotaura kuti munhuyi maererano nehupfumi hwepano panyika. Saka kana vachida kuona kuti munhu mupfumi zvakadii vanotarira shangu dzaakapfeka.


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Imba
Imba kana mhatso (house) chivakwa chinogara vanhu pavanobikira, kudyira nokurara. Imba dzinokiwa nezvidhinha, mapango marata, huswa nezvimwewo zvinoshandiswa kuvaka madziro nekupfirira denga remba.
MuAfrica vazhinji vanovaka chidziro chemba nezvidhinha vachizopfirira denga racho nehuswa kana marata.
Kunyika dziri kuEurope neNorth America vanovaka dzimba dzemapuranga dzinova dzinodziya pane dzezvidhinha kunyika dzeko dzinotonhora. MuAfrica mapuranga anonyanya kushandiswa kuturika denga remba.
Dzimba dzinopatsanurwa nezvidziro mukati kuita Rhumu, Mupanda kana kuti Kamuri dzinoshandiswa zvakasiyana.
Katungu zvinoreva musha uri kwawo wega kusina vamwe - isolated dwelling place.
Kamuri dzemba[chinja | edit source]
Marindo (bedroom) zvinoreva imba yokurarira.


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Bununu
Bununu zvinoreva munhu asina kupfeka mbatya. Mutsika dzenyika dzemuAfrica kusasimira chinhu chinozvidzwa uye chisingatenderwe pamitemo yenyika. Tsika zhinji dzemuAfrica dzinoti munhu akafamba asina kusimira ava kupenga kana kuti ane mamhepo. Chinhu chinoonekwa chichiratidza munyama kana kuti kutukwa pamunhu iyeye.
Kune dzimwe nyika dzekuMadokero, kuEurope, neNorth America mitemo yenyika inotendedza kuti kuve nenzvimbo dzinosangana vanhu vasian kusimira. Hazvizivikanwe kuti chinangwa chaicho chokunge vanhu vachisangana vasina kusimira ndechei.


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Gumbapamwe
Gumbapamwe (System) rinoreva kubatanidzwa pamwe munzvimbo imwe kwezvinhu zvine ukama huri kutarirwa. Gumbapamwe rine zvinhu zvinobatirana, nekurarama, nekudyidzana pamwe munzvimbo yakatarwa.
Kuti titsanangure Gumbapamwe tinogona kusanganisira: nhengo dzirimo; mashoko anodudza mashandirwo emabasa; mitemo inotonga nhengo dzirimo; uye zvinyorwa zvinotaura ukama huripo pakati penhengo (elements, stakeholders) idzi; nekutara miganhu yerumana rweGumbapamwe, uye miganhu yezvinotenderwa kana kusatenderwa kuitika kana kuti kuva nhengo. Gumbapamwe rine ukama hunosimbiswa netsazaniso pakati pezvinopimwa (equations & relationships), maitirwo ezvirongwa (procedures & protocols), zvinyanye (extrema), zvichingodaro.
Gumbapamwe - co-existing or working combined together kana totaura kuEnglish.


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Nyanza
Nyanza (Lake in English) mutumbi wemvura wakakura samare uye uchiwanikwa padunhu. Muenzaniso ndidzo mvura dzinenge: Lake Malawi; Lake Victoria; Lake Tanganyika; Lake Chad. Nyanza inenge iri mvura yakaungana pasina kuvakirwa dhamu; izvi zvinosiyana neKariba Dam rakavakwa nevanhu. Zita iri rasiyanisa nekutaura kwemazuva ose kunoti nyanza negungwa zvimwechete.
Zita iri riri kutoredzera pamutauro weChewa unoti Lake Malawi inonzi Nyanja - pano pavandudzwa kuti zviende kuChiShona. PaNhevedzwa dzeMvura nyanza dzinochengeta mvura isina munyu padunhu.
Ziwumbe rine nyanza zhinji ndiro ziwumbe reNorth America rine nyanza dzinoti: Lake Erie; Lake Huron; Lake Ontario; Lake Superior; Lake Winnipeg; Lake Winnipegosis; Lake Manitoba nedzimwewo nyanza zhinji dzine mvura yakachena.


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Chemishonga
Chidzidzo chemishonga (chemistry in English) chinowongorora mibvunzo pamusoro pezvinotevera:
- Kugadzirwa kwemishonga muhushangazhi;
- Kuti mishonga ine faniro dzakaita sei;
- Kuti mishonga ingachengetwa sei;
- Kuti mishonga ingashandiswa ichiitiswa mabasa api;
- Kuti mishonga ine njodzi dzakaita sei;
- Kuti ndeipi mishonga irimo muzvinhu zvationosangana nazvo mazuva ose.
- Kuti mishonga iri muzvinhu zvatinosangana nazvo mazuva ose ingakororwa sei kuti ishandiswe mabasa ave kuzivikanwa.


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Uganda
Uganda inyika yakakomberedzwa nedzimwe iri kumabvazuva kweAfrica. Uganda inoganhurana nenyika dzinoti: Kenya iri kumabvazuva; South Sudan iri kumaodzanyemba; Democratic Republic of the Congo iri kumadokero; Rwanda iri kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero uye Tanzania iri kuchamhembe.
Kuchamhembe kwenyika iyi kunobatanidzira chikamu chikuru cheNyanza Victoria iyo ine zvikamu muKenya neTanzania; izvi zvoreva kuti Uganda iri muDunhu reNyanza Huru dzeAfrica. Uganda iri munzvimbo inobva mvura yeRwizi Nile uye matunhu ayo ane mamiriro ekunze akatsaukana asi achienderana nepairi pane muenzanisi.
Zita rokuti Uganda rinobva paUshe hweBuganda, hunobatanidzira chikamu chikuru chekuchamhembe kwenyika zvichisanganisira gutaguru reKamapala. Mutauro wekumahofisi ndiyo English. Mutauro weLuganda wakatekeshera nenyika yose uye kune mimwe mitauro mizhinji inosanganisira Swahili. Mutungamiri wenyika pari zvino (2014) anonzi Yoweri Kaguta Museveni uyo akatora chigaro nechisimba mugore 1980.


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Chiremba
Chiremba (medical doctor in English) munhu akadzidza basa rehurapi zvikurusei akaenda kuUniversity makore mashanu zvichienda mberi. Ana chiremba vazhinji vanotanga basa vaverenga MBChB degree kana Bachelor of Medicine and Surgery.
Izwi rekuti Chiremba rakabva kurudzi revanhu vaye vanonzi Varemba (the Lemba people). Vanhu ava vaigara kunzvimbo yeGreat Zimbabwe vachibatsira pakurapa uye pakuvaka. Nhoroondo dzevaremba dzinoti vanhu ava vakabva kunyika yeIsrael, vakaenda nekuYemen, ndokuzouya kuZimbabwe nekunedzimwe nzvimbo dzakatenderedza.
Kuti "Chiremba," zvakabva pakamucheka kana kuti kashinda kanoshandiswa nevaRemba mushure mekunge vachecheudzwa. Kamucheka aka kane basa rekuti ronda rekuchecheudzwa (circumcision) rikasire kupora sezvo kachiita kuti nhengo yechirume isagumhane nemuviri.
Zita rekuti Chiremba rakazobva panhau iyoyi yekuti vaRemba vaive nembiri yekurapa.


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Misambo paBonde
Kune misambo yakasiyana siyana yokuti vakaroorana vanokwanisa kufara nayo pabonde. Vaviri vakaroorana vanosarudza zvinovafadza zvisingashungurudze mumwe ari pabonde. Pano pachaedzwa kushandiswa mutauro une chiremera kutsanagura misambo ingashandiswa pabonde.
Mhando dzeMisambo[chinja | edit source]
Misambo yepabonde tingaitarisa iri pasi pemhando dzinoti: Murume pamusoro; Mukadzi pamusoro uye Kusunamirana.
Misambo yokunge murume ari pamusoro inoreva kuti mukadzi anenge ari pasi kazhinji akarara nomusana wake. Zvinodarowo kuti mukadzi anenge akagara panoswedera murume wake. Murume anokwanisa kunge: akachonjomara; kumira; kurara akatarisana nemukadzi kana kamwewo kasvikiro kaangaswedera nako kune mudzimai wake.
Misambo yokunge murume ari pasi inoreva kuti murume anenge akarara nemusana kana kugara panoswedera mukadzi wake. Misambo iyi inokwanisa kuitwa murume nemukadzi vakatarisana kana kuti vakatarisa divi rimwe, murume achiona gotsi remukadzi wake.
Misambo yokusunamirana inoreva kuti mukadzi anenge akagwadama nemabvi nemagokora panoswedera murume wake. Vaviri vanenge vakatarisa divi rimwe pavanosangana.
Murume pamusoro[chinja | edit source]
Misambo yemhando iyi inosanganisira inotevera, tinya pachinyorwa chine ruvara rwe blue kuti uone zviri seri kwechinyorwa:
Mukadzi pamusoro[chinja | edit source]
Misambo yemhando iyi inosanganisira inotevera:
Kusunamirana[chinja | edit source]
Misambo yemhando iyi inosanganisira inotevera:


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Chinepfu (ruhambo)
Chinepfu (inertia) zvinoreva chiitiko chinoonekwa chokuti mutumbi kana uchidenhedzwa nefosi hazvidi kushanduka kubva pamafambiro kana kumira kwawanga wakaita. Chiitiko ichi chinonyorwa pamitemo yeruhambo yaNewton sezvizvi.
- Mutemo wekutanga: Pachinge pasina fosi rokunze rinotsimbira, mitumbi yose inoramba iri pakuzorora, kana pakuhamba kusingachinje kunotevedza gwara rakatwasuka. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mutumbi wakazorora unoramba wakazorora kusvika watekenyewa nefosi rokunze risina rimwe fosi rinorigadadza. Zvakare mutumbi uri kuhamba unoramba uri kuhamba nespidhi imwechete uye rudzivo rusingachinje kusvika apo unotekenyewa nefosi rokunze risina rimwe fosi rinorigadadza. Uyu mutemo unotaura pamusoro pechinepfu.


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Rudyi
Muchidzidzo Pimanyika, rudyi (right-hand in English) zvinoreva divi rinotarisa kuMaodzanyemba kana munhu akatarisa kuMadokero. Divi iri ndiro divi rakapesana nekune moyo wemunhu. Vanhu vanoshandisa rudyi vakawanda kudarika avo vanoshandisa ruboshwe. Kunoitawo vamwe vane chipo chekugona kushandisa zvose ruboshwe nerudyi.
Verudzi rweChiShona vanokoshesa kumhoresana neruwoko rwerudyi; vamwe vanokoshesawo kudya vachishandisa ruwoko rwerudyi. Hazvitariswe zvakanaka kana munhu akagashira chinhu noruwoko rweruboshwe. Vabereki vanoedza napose kugombedzera vana kuti vashandise rudyi pakumhoresa, kudya, nokugashira. Makarekare vadzidzisi vaiedza napose kukurudzira vana vechikoro kuti vashandise ruwoko rwerudyi pakunyora nokuita mamwe mabasa.
Asi kune avo vane ruboshwe rwakasimba kwave kuita vamwe vanoshandisa ruboshwe irworwo kudya nokuti kwavari ndirwo rwune simba.


text:
Muri vaKristu Here?
Hongu. Tiri vaKristu nemhaka yezvikonzero izvi:
- Tinoedza kunyatsotevedzera dzidziso uye mararamiro aJesu Kristu.
—1 Petro 2:21.
Tinotenda kuti Jesu ndiye achaita kuti tipone, “nokuti hapana rimwe zita pasi pedenga rakapiwa pakati pevanhu ratinofanira kuponeswa naro.”
—Mabasa 4:12.
- Vanhu pavanova Zvapupu zvaJehovha, vanobhabhatidzwa muzita raJesu.
—Mateu 28: 18, 19.
- Tinonyengetera nomuzita raJesu Kristu.
—Johani 15:16.
- Tinotenda kuti Jesu ndiye Musoro, kana kuti uya akagadzwa kuti ave nesimba pamunhu wose.
—1 VaKorinde 11:3.
Asi pane zvimwe zvinhu zvatakasiyana nezvimwe zvitendero zvinozviti ndezvechiKristu. Somuenzaniso, tinotenda kuti Bhaibheri rinodzidzisa kuti Jesu Mwanakomana waMwari, kwete kuti chikamu chavanamwari vatatu. (Mako 12:


text:
Mukosho
Mukosho - unogona kunzi mupedzazviyo, mhata kana horo. Ndiro buri rinoraswa naro tsvina inosara panogaiwa chikafu mudumbu, kuraswa uku kunonzi kumama asi muchishona chakavanzika kunonzi kuita tsvina.
Zvinobuda nepamukosho zvinonhuwa samare uye zvinofanirwa kubviswa panogara vanhu nekuti zvinounza zvirwere. Kunyangwe zvawo uchibudisa zvinonhuwa kudai Mukosho unoshandiswawo neNgochani uye nevamwe vakadzi sebeche rechipiri kana kuti senhengo yekurarana nayo ichienzaniswa nesikarudzi yemukadzi. Ngochani varume vanorara nevarume.
Vazhinji vanofunga kuti mudhidhi nemhata zvimwechete, asi zvakasiyana. Mudhidhi, ndiwo mutsara uripakati pemagaro, unotangira muchiuno woperera panotangira machende muvanhurume, panotangira matinji muvanhukadzi
mukosho unogonawo kunzi mulaso


text:
Dowokadzi
Takatarisana nevanhu dowokadzi (ova) zvinoreva dowo kana kuti zai rinobva kumunhukadzi rinogadzirwa mumakandiro maviri ari pamuviri wemukadzi. Panosangana dowokadzi nedoworume ndipo panobata mukadzi pamuviri mwana achitanga kuumbwa.
Mwedzi wega wega zvinotarisirwa kuti dowokadzi rimwe rinobuda kubva kumakandiro rodzika nechubu kuenda muchibereko chemukadzi. Mukadzi akasangana nemurume panguva iyi ndipo panotarisirwa kuti doworume rinobatana nedowokadzi zvichivamba kuwumba mwana. Kana zvichinge zvisina kuitika kuti mwana awumbwa chibereko chinorasa dowokadzi pamwe neropa rinobva mumadziro echibereko chemukadzi. Iyi ndiyo nguva yokutevera kana kuti kuenda kumwedzi.


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Rudzi
Rudzi (Ethinic Group in English) vanhu vanotsaurwa nezvinotevera:
- Mutauro mumwe wakafanana - imwe nguva kungaita mapoka madiki pasi perudzi vanosiyaniswa mutauro nemashoko ane chitsama asi mazwi mazhinji akafanana uye vachigona kunzwanana. Muchinyorwa chino pari kunzi VaShona rudzi rwumwe rune vanhu vane rurimi rwunosiyana apo neapo.
Ndimi dzevaShona dzinosanganisira: Chizezuru, ChiManyika, ChiKaranga, ChiKorekore.
- Vanhu vane ruvara rweganda rwakafanana.
- Vanhu vane tsika nemagariro akada kufanana.
- Vanhu vane nhoroondo yemadzitateguru inodyidzana kwemazera mazhinji.
Kujekesa[chinja | edit source]
Maonero ekuti rudzi chii anosiyana-siyana zvichibva nokuti munhu ari kupi uye ari kutaura nani. Somuenzaniso:
- Vatinoti maColoureds kuno kuChamhembe kweAfrica vanonzi Vanhu Vatema kuNorth America.
- Mumwe angada kuti rudzi rwake muKaranga kana kuti muKorekore asingataure zvorudzi rukuru rweVaShona.
- Vanhu verudzi rwechiEnglish nevechiGerman marudzi akasiyana kuEurope asi kana kwava kuAfrica zvinongonzi vose Varungu.