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Kudzivirira kwevakadzi, vana uye varume vanoda kufamba zvakanaka
(Haisi akakodzera kune vadzidzisi vane ngozi dzakashandurwa zvekushanda, izvo zvatiine mamwe marudzi ezvinyorwa zvakanyanyisa uye zvakakurudzirwa, ne "CLINIC" mazano mukudzidziswa kwavo uye kuoma).
KUZIVA NEZVANOFANIRA KUZIVISISA 5.0 (DPP 5.0) iri kambani yebasa, inowanikwa Punta Cana (Dominican Republic)Chokuita nedzidziso uye customizing Arts dzinokosha kana nyanzvi kudzivirira nezivo yakakwana kana zvizere, izvo kupa inopikira vateerera kuti mamiriro ezvinhu ari anofungidzirwa yakaoma mamiriro, pazvainge zvakaoma pamwe variables vakasanyeverwa kana zvakananga.
Kudzidza kwakavakirwa pamadziro maviri ezvinyorwa ekugadzirisa zvinhu, zvose pamusha uye unyanzvi hwepamusoro, izvo zvinogona kuparadzana kuwana ruzivo, unyanzvi uye kukwanisa kuita. Muzviitiko zvose izvi, zvishoma zvinoda kuzvidzivirirwa kana kupindura zvakanyatsoenderana nezvinobatana nenjodzi yakaoma uye yakawedzerwa inosanganiswa, nguva dzose kushandisa mazano aya nemamiriro ekufunga mupfungwa muhondo chaiyo.
Muchikamu chino tichatarisa kune real personal defense (DP) aishanda chaiko vanhu, vanotenda rusununguko rwokufamba vomuUmambo mune zvose zvoupenyu munzanga, uye vanoda kunakidzwa noupenyu hwavo norugare, kuwirirana dzose, pasina zvisingafanoonekwi kutya, kunyanya kana sarudzo dzayo haisi kutakura nhumbi ipi neipi yekudzivirira kwayo.
Chinangwa che self defense (DP) ndeyekudzidza tsika dzakakosha uye kududzirwa kunokwanisa kuona njodzi inoshuva, kushandisa zvisikwa zvepanyama uye zvepfungwa kutiza kubva kurwisana nekuchida, kureva, kuzvidzivirira.
Iyo nzira inorondedzerwa mundima yapfuura inosanganisira kudzivisa dambudziko nokukurumidza sezvinobvira: Ndiri kurarama, ndakachengeteka uye rakanaka. Haisi mutambo, hatifaniri kukwikwidza, haisi hondo. Haisi kuratidzwa kwepa cinematic, kutonga chikonzero chekusaita kurwisana zvisina kururama kusvikira pakupedzisira. Haisi del in OK Corral. Iyi nyevero inofanira kugara yakajeka.
Iwe unofanirwa kunzwisisa, kuti haugone kudzivirira munhu pasina kukuvadza uye kwete kuigamuchira. Tinofanira kudzidza kutyisa kutya nekukuvadza chaiyo, uye kutsungirira matambudziko asingatarisirwi sechirango chisingafanirwi
Self kudzivirira (DP) hachisi chinhu unogona kudzidza chete nokuita zvimwe zvemashiripiti muviri 3-4 nguva pavhiki, uye ipapo funga uri asingakundiki uye invulnerable. Chaizvoizvo, chii chiri chinangwa ndiye SensibilizARTE, izvo huchatanga kuziva kukura danho nedanho, sitiroko sitiroko, svikiro itsva kuti zvichaita kumuendesa iwe kuti ngozi mararamiro, umo chivimbo pachako @ ichakubatsira iwe kukunda chero chipingamupinyi, nekuda kwemirairo yatinokupa iwe pachako.
Chokutanga pane zvose, the self defense (DP), chaiye uye motokari yeropafadzo yako yekuziva kuzvidzivirira kwako, inoda kungwarira zuva uye nenguva iyo inoratidzwa. Kunyangwe tichiziva maitiro, mitemo yakasimbiswa nekuninipiswa, dzidzo, uye kujekesa uye kusanzwisisika, izvo zvinodiwa nenguva iyo inoda kuunganidza ruzivo rwakatangwa kare.
Kana iwe vasingandiremekedzi uye hunonyengera maitiro kutsarukana, clawing kurwisana rokuishandura kuva zvinetso giravhiti, kunwisa, kugumbura vanhu anongoti autistic mashandiro kuva munhurume kana Arifa hadzi yacho rongedza, kana misikanzwa mwana chikoro, kwete system of self defense (DP) zvichabatsira, akasvika victimista yokutendeutsa uye zvakananga uchapupu kukundikana kuziva munguva pfupi, uri mbwende, vasingakwanisi kutiza @ ari kuramba vakakutsamwisai ingamuka.
Ukuwo, kana uchifunga kuti unogona kudzivirira ngozi nokushandiswa nhaurirano vabvume uye urambe uye asina kumbokuvadzwa ne sei zvakanaka iwe uchitaura, unofanira kutarisira kuti mashoko chena ari vakawanda nyaya uye vanopera nemanzwiro echibhakera, vachiratidza kubva panguva iyoyo kuti vaite pasina zvikonzero zvekushandisa zvakanakisisa kudzivirirwa mukuda self defense (DP) nzwisisika, kumanikidza itange nzira kuti zvishoma nezvishoma kushandisa kudzidza zvimwe hwemashiripiti zvimiso pamusoro pokumuka yakafuridzirwa muviri wako uve zvatinogadzira hazvigoni kunyatsotevedzera zvinoita, kutsanya uye simba, iwe huchachinja kuva chombo propelled vasamuziva kudzivirira munhu wako uye zvinhu zvako
Zvakakosha kuziva marwadzo kudzidza kukuvadza chaiye, kurwa uye miseve unyanzvi nokukurumidza uye yakarurama asingaoneki anogona kukonzera iwe chisingatarisirwi anorovera, izvo zvinogona kuuya kudavira kuti vave zvemapuranga nesimbi Magorovhosi Chipfeko.
Inofanira kunzwisiswa zvakajeka kuti self defense (DP) yakakamurwa muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana: mupfungwa, teknolojia (kusanganisira kurwisana nechirwere), mumuviri nekugadzirira maererano nemamiriro ezvinhu uye mamiriro ezvinhu. Uyewo maitiro akawanda ekuvhiringidza kune anopikisa kana kune akawanda, ezvo zvinogona kuita zvinyengeri, nzira yekudzorera hutsinye.
Chii chiri kugadzirira maererano nemamiriro ezvinhu?
Tichishandisa, Conditionally, tinogona patsanura ezvinhu oga kuzvidzivirira zvichienderana mwero ngozi iri panoonekwa chinoabatsira. kwete isu kunyepedzera kuti kodzero yedu uye pamusoro mavanga sezvo vadzidzi runoonekwa vavengi kuti tisaita uye wakanaka proportionality, zvakakodzera uye kwakakwana, zvisina zvaunoda chipingamupinyi sezvo chakachinja kuti kutyisidzira kwakavakirwa makirasi vakapiwa kuti dzinga utsinye ane zvizere hutenzi kana pane kudzidzisa uye ruzivo.
Munhu mumwe nomumwe, anodyiswa nekudzidza self defense (DP), unogona kupedza chikoro ichocho maererano nekushaiwa kwako, mamiriro ako kana unhu hwako.
Uyewo, tinofanira kuyeuka kuti mamiriro ese ezvinhu akasiyana mune imwe nzvimbo isina kukodzera, uye inogona kukurumidza kukurumidza uye inosvika pakukwirira kwengozi uye kutarisa kwatiri. Iwe unodzidza kuisa mukana wehuwandu nehuwandu hwechido, tarisa zviitiko zvisingaiti kuseka kana kumira. Iko kumhanya-kukwidzika kuziva kuti zvakasiyana, kana kuti vazhinji vevanopikisa zvakakosha kururamisa maonero muzvidziviriro zvakakosha kuzvidzivirira.
1.Ezvinhu kugara zvisingafadzi. ezvinhu, kana paine chinhu nokukurumidza uye zvisingaoneki njodzi haagoni kuderedzwa, ukavarairwa ake, kudzamara zvakaitwa kupona mupfungwa panguva apo sangano rinova chiratidzo kurwiswa, kunyange zvazvo zvakafanana zvakasununguka. Zvose zvinogona kuchinja pane imwe nguva. Kuva wakangwarira kunobatsira.
- Chimwe chinhu : Status pamusoro undistinguishable ngozi. No nguva vanoita, asi kunogona kuitika chero zvekunze maatomu akafanana LEVEL ngozi kuoneka uye kutisiya kukurumidza vasipo kana unmotivated, uye hapana nguva kusarudza zvakanaka nguva anorayira Ndicho chokudzidza yakaoma iyo unoenderana zvinokosha pamusoro kusimbisa uye kumhanya kwemunhu mumwe nomumwe.
- Iyo mhinduro : ndezvekuzvidzivirira, kuchenjera uye kuenderera mberi kune imwe nguva inokurumidzira yekutanga uye yakagadzirisa kuita, uchishandisa kuchengeteka muzvinhu zvose zvekurwisa uye kupindura.
- Kugadzirira : dzidza kuva akangwara, kuronga zviito zvakakosha kana iwe uchida kuita nenzira isina kunaka, usingamboregi kutarisa mamiriro ezvinhu kubva kwaunogona kuzviitira iwe pachako, uchitsvaga kubuda kwazviri munzvimbo yakakupoteredza.
2.Mamiriro ezvinhu atinokurudzira kupesana neshoko chero ripi neripi kana chiito, zvakakosha kutanga kutarisa zvinetso. Ruregerero, ndine urombo, ndiregererei, kana musina mhinduro, ichaita chisingafaniri kunzwisiswa senzwi rekunyevera.
- Chimiro A ezvinhu ngozi undistinguishable. Pane shoma nguva kuita zvakakodzera chisarudzo muuye chiito nokuda mangwanani Implementation, izvo zvinogona kuva kwenguva pfupi kana refu nokuda zvatinosarudza, asi nguva dzose tinofanira kufungawo padanho ngozi ndiyo inokosha kuti nguva restarnos kudzidza kukura uye kurapwa kuti isu kuuya Pakusarudza zvinofadza uye zvakavanzika uye zvaasingagoni wavarwisi kuzvitsaurira.
- Mhinduro : Funga zvikonzero kuti adzinge tive nokuparura ane utsinye ikava kurwisa. Tinofanira kuva netsika, kuzvininipisa, kunyarara, anofunga uye usambofa kuratidza unyanzvi hwedu, ruzivo pamusoro kudzivirira uye ndoda vavariro uye mhinduro "hasha" kuti tinogona kushandisa, asi nguva dzose tinofanira kuedza kudzivisa kunetsana, uye isu mbwende kumbobvira tacharará kana tinosarudza ukatsauka, famba zvishoma nezvishoma pasina kupa kukosha kune akatadza kuwirirana, asi zvino isu Budai kukonzerwa yakareba kusurukirwa daro mumhanyi mushure kufamba nhanho shanu.
- Kugadzirira : dzidza kumhanya, kuwira zvakanaka, kufema nekudzokazve kufamba, simuka ipso facto, kudzivisa zvipingamupinyi; kutikomberedza kuti tibate nefungwa inotonhora uye yakachengetedzeka mukutarisana nenjodzi isingazivikanwi. Uye iyo inobatsira zvikuru pakuvimbika kwedu, tichiziva kugadzirisa mafungiro ekufunga kwepfungwa maererano nekutenderera kana kushamisika kwatinoona pane zvakasiyana. Muvengi anonyanya kutyisa ndiye ane ngozi. Usambofa wakadzoka shure kwako, sezvausingafaniri kumboita kuti uve nekunakira kupa tsitsi.
3.Mamiriro ezvinhu paanotiratidza chinangwa chekutirwisa kana chido chekutitisana nesu (vanhu vakashongedzwa uye vasina kusarudzwa), murefu kure: Mushure mekunge vawana, vanowanzoswedera uye kutirwisa. Kana kuti edza kutiputira mune zvishoma.
- Chimiro : Kukurukurirana kukuru ndokwekuti isu tinonyeverwa nezvekufamba kwavo, kugadzirisa kwavanoedza kutitambudza tisina kunyeverwa, tichikwanisa kusarudza nounyanzvi hwepfungwa nenzira yekutiponesa - kumhanya kana kurwisana (kurwisa kutanga, kana kumusorosoro - shandisa kurwisa nekufamba kwemuvengi wedu kurwisa pasina kuregererwa). Icho chiitiko chakanyanya mungozi! Pane shoma nguva kutora chisarudzo yakakodzera, anenge asina masekonzi kuti Project asingazivikanwi siyana, asi chii kana paine kutsunga haana kutyisidzirwa, aminalarse uye vanoramba yakakuwandira yevaya vanoedza kutyisidzira nehasha wokutanga.
- Mhinduro : BASA PANE, zviise mukati memhepo yakatsvaira yekuzvidzivirira-kurwisa kwehondo, uchishandisa nzira yekudzivirira yatinopa (zvakakosha zvikuru uye tinozvidzorera - pasina kuratidza zivo yako muhondo)Asi pamusoro zvose chinangwa kuedza kuramba dambudziko, ringabviswa zvishoma nezvishoma, vachifamba kana kumhanya, achidanidzira rubatsiro, kumapurisa, kuchengetedzeka, shamwari nezvimwewo, kunyange ungava chiratidzo woumbwende, hapana mubvunzo, uye kuti ndiye chinangwa, disconcerts kumuvengi.
Kana pasina nzira yokubuda, zviri apo dzidziso edu kunoshandurwa pamwe vawana kugona kutanga kundorwa, pamwechete kurwisa uye sanzwisisika simba kuti Muchawana kuburikidza edu-panzvimbo achidzidzisa, vachiisa pamwechete chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo platforms apo iwe podeís recreate akakuwanai sezvo vanopikisa uye kwete nevanongoona vatarisi mune imwe nzvimbo isina uncharacteristically real.
Kunyange izvozvo zvichiitika Hatifaniri kuratidza ruzivo rwedu, mavariro uye maitiro ezvidziviriro zvechisimba, kusvikira nguva yekurwisa. Tinofanira kuzvibata tisingazivikanwe uye tisingaiti kuti tisafungire huchenjeri hwedu.
- Kugadzirira : dzidza nzira yekurwa kurwisana uye inopikisa munzira nenzira isingatarisirwi yevarwi kana vadzivisi.
Inosanganisira kugadzirisa kugadzikana kwekuvhiringidzika: dzidza kumhanya, kuputsika nega inertia uye kusimuka nekukurumidza, kuyambuka uye kuruka zvipingamupinyi; dzidza kurarama nepfungwa dzinotonhora pamberi pengozi isingazivikanwi yemuvengi.
4.Kubhurwa kusingafanoonekwi, asi zvirokwazvo kunofanirwa kuitika kuburikidza nehuwandu mumunda wedu wekuona.
- Chimiro: In ezvinhu ose nokukurumidza ngozi zvakanyanya hapana nguva kusarudza zvakanaka kana kuronga yechipiri zviito, ichipa yakanakisisa yokugadzirisa kudzivirira uye kurwisa kurarama naro, nguva dzose ziva kuti uri kuponesa upenyu hwako, presuming kuti uri kunze okusava pamwe netsika yakasarudzwa, sokunge iyo ndiyo yekupedzisira yekushandisa uye mukana wekushandisa zivo yakawanikwa.
- Mhinduro : zvizvidzivirire-kurwisa pasina kufunga, maererano nemasikirwo uye mano akakosha ekuponesa hupenyu hwako nekubatanidzwa kwepanyama, kubuda uye kupukunyuka.
- Kugadzirira : dzidza nzira yakasikwa, iyo nzira chaiyo ye "wedge yekupedzisira".
(Inosanganisirawo kugadzirira kwe pp2-3).
5.Akurwisa kusingatarisirwi mamiriro, chakavanzika kana chisingaonekwi, kana iwe uchivhiringidzika, kana kuti intuition haina kukudana iwe kuti uzvidzivirire iwe, ndeyekusaziva kusinganzwisisiki, chinhu chakaipisisa chiripo muchitsauko chino chekupindura kune utsinye. Nguva dzose ziso rakarinda ndiro rakanakisisa kukurudzira.
- Chimiro : Ndiyo mamiriro ehutano hunofungidzirwa huwandu hwepamusoro, ergo, iwe haunzwisisi zviri kuitika, zvinoshandura mumatambudziko mazhinji, zvichikuita kusatarisira uye kukuvadza kukuvadza.
- Mhinduro: Kana iwe uchiri kunakidzwa nekuziva ndekuzvidzivirira iwe maererano nemasikirwo. Uye unyanzvi hunokosha hwaungashandisa kana iwe usati uri muhutano hwakanaka, ndeaya anoshumira kuchengetedza kutendeseka kwako mumuviri, kureva, kubuda muguruva uye kupukunyuka, usina kutarisa kumashure.
-Kugadzirira : Dzidza nzira yekurwisana kwepamusoro - kurwisana mumamiriro ekusaziva kana kuputsika (Muviri wakaremara, wakakoromoka pasi, wakakotama nekuneta kusati kwasvika, mutsivi, maoko kana makumbo akaoma mitezo, kushandiswa kwezvisungo zvakadai sematomu nemakumbo, nezvimwewo), zviratidzo zvakajeka zvekusagumira kugadzika, izvo zvichaita kuti zvive zvakakodzera kushandiswa kwemvura iyo pasina mubvunzo yakawanda uye yakagadzirirwa kugadzirisa uye kurwisa.
Mhedziso Nyaya dzakakurumbira dzemashoko anotsanangurwa pamusoro apa ndezvokugadzirisa kusakanganisika kwekuita pakarepo, uye zvadaro kugamuchira nzvimbo yekuzvidzivirira zvakakwana, izvo zvinoita kuti zvakakosha:
-kudzidza kutakura kushungurudzika kwepfungwa, kutya, kurambwa kwezvinotyisa zvinowanikwa mune vamwe vanhu avo vakagumburwa nechisimba chechisimba. Etc.
-wana nzira yakakodzera yekurwa, yakasikwa, yenguva pfupi, yakasimba, yakasimba, inobatsira, inoshanda uye inoshandiswa sekushandiswa kwezvinhu zvakasiyana nemaoko kuti uzvidzivirire.
-kudzidza kuratidza kubvisa kurwadziwa, kunyange kuneta, kusava nemhepo uye kuunganidza kudengenyeka hakugoni kuva zviratidzo kusvika pakuzvipira.
-kudzidza kushandiswa kwezvimwe zvinhu zvakadai sokumhanya, kusvetuka, kuwira, kukwira, kusimuka kana kutamisa zvinhu zvakawanda kune chinangwa chemunhu, nezvimwewo.
-Gadzirisa mhando dzose dzemamiriro ezvinhu munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana, pasinei nezvivako, masitepisi, mumugwagwa wakamanikana, mashizha, pakati pemugwagwa, gungwa, mumvura, mupaki, nezvimwewo. uye kuvapfuura kakawanda, vachiongorora kuti vanzwisise kuti vanogona kukudziridza sei uye kusanzwisisa mhinduro.
Chinonyanya kukosha ndechokuti kuziva mafungiro edu kuti kukwanisa kushandisa nzira simba hunodiwa unyanzvi muhondo, yakazarukira ose ezvinhu munzvimbo haazombofi zvakafanana, izvo zvichaita kumanikidza tive akangwara uye kuita rwendo ndione zvinonyevera chiutsi nzira yokubudisa apo tinogona kubuda asina kumbokuvadzwa uye Airy dambudziko chakanga chakafanorongwa nevamwe, kana kuva vanourawa hanya yedu kuchengeta zvainditsamwisa kuti zvichazununguka kupedza dzedu kuita.
Nokuda kwechinangwa ichi uye kubudirira kunotarisirwa, tinogona kushandisa chero nzira yehondo yekurovera, kurwisana, kurwisana nemitambo, uye maitiro emutambo chero upi zvake, izvo pasina mubvunzo zvichatibatsira kuwana zvose zvakanaka, kuita nenzira yakakodzera mano edu uye nyore, nguva dzose nekubudirira kukuru, kunyatsoziva uye kurwisana, tichiziva kuti kana tisingazivi kugadzirisa dambudziko redambudziko, tinogona kuva chikamu chechinetso nemigumisiro inotyisa uye inovhiringidza.
Tiri pano kuzokubatsira, kukushandira, kukupa iwe ruzivo uye nzira yekuzvidzivirira kuti uone kuti matanho ako. Uye pavanenge vachitamba, vanoziva kuti vanaani, uye kana vanwa nevasingazivi, havasi kurasikirwa nehupenyu uye continent. Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha ndechokugadzirira kuita zvisingatauriki, kwete kuparadza pfungwa, mazano uye zvidzidzo zvavakadzidza KUZIVA NEZVANOFANIRA KUZIVISISA 5.0 (DPP 5.0). Cruzivo, Humildad, Instinto, Capacity y Respuesta. 5 points iyo ichazarura yako yakachengeteka yemigumisiro isingatarisirwi, kuti tiwane kuti kazhinji tinozorega kuwedzera dzimwe zvipikisheni, kana zvisingakoshi, sevhisi yekuramba kururamisa.
Kudzora mabhanivha, zviyero zvekudzivirira kure, kana zvirongwa zvekuchengetedza zvinodzivisa kuenda kune chimwe chiitiko chinotarisirwa, kusangana nevashamwari vatsva, i self defense (DP) inofanirwa kuonekwa sechikonzero chekupindura zvakanyanya kune zviitiko zvisingatarisirwi izvo zvisingagumi uye zvisingakwanisi kukunda kana iwe ukashandisa dzivo, ruremekedzo uye chido.
Vanyori vanoti:
Erick Ericson / Mutungamiriri uye mutariri wekukwikwidza vanhu KUZIVA NEZVANOFANIRA KUZIVISISA 5.0 (DPP 5.0), yakabva muPunta Kana (Dominican Republic). Kwemakore akawanda ave ari murayiridzi wemapurisa mukudzidzisa kwakakosha, kusanganisira kuzvidzivirira mu "Russian style"Uye"Kraw Magá".
endurobavaro@gmail.com
Juan H. Belz / Coordinator of DPP 5.0 - jhbelz@gmail.com


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Hondo Haisi Kuzoguma Payo Yayo: Chikamu III Che "Hondo Hakuchinazve: Nyaya Yokubvisa" NaDavid Swanson
III. HONDO HAI KUENDA PASI POSE
Kana hondo yaipedzisira iri yoga, yaizoguma nokuti vanhu vaiita kuti ipedze. Izvozvo zvinogona kuchinjwa kana vanhu vakakwana vakawana kuti basa rekurwisana nehondo rakabudirira ndokutora icho chikonzero chekurega kupinda mariri. Asi isu hatisi kubudirira zvakajeka. Kana tichida kugumisa hondo isu tichazofanira kuedzazve kuedza kwedu uye kuwana vanhu vakawanda vanobatanidzwa. Chokutanga, ngationgororei uchapupu hwokuti hondo haisi kupera.
Kuverenga Bodies
Kwemazana emakore nemakumi emakore, kuwanda kwekufa kwakawedzera zvinoshamisa, kwakashandura zvikuru kune vasiri vanhu panzvimbo pevarwi, uye vakawana kukuvadzwa kwakawanda sezvo nhamba dzakawanda dzakakuvadzwa asi mushonga wakavabvumira kuti vararame. Rufu ikozvino rwakakonzerwa zvikuru nechisimba panzvimbo yezvirwere, iyo yaimbova muurayi mukuru muhondo. Rufu uye nhamo yekukuvara zvakashandura zvakanyanya kune rumwe rutivi muhondo imwe neimwe, pane kuva pamwe chete zvakakamurwa pakati pemapato maviri.
Kunzwisisa kuti kune zvikanganiso zvisingaverengeki mukuenzanisa kupi zvako kwehondo kunorwirwa munguva dzakasiyana siyana, uchishandisa nzira dzakasiyana-siyana, huchishanda pasi pemafungiro akasiyana emurairo, nezvimwewo, pano pane zvimwe zvakaenzanisa zvisinei zvichiita zvinobatsira. Izvozvi ndezvekuti, shanduro, uye haina kutarisirwa nenzira ipi zvayo sehurukuro yakazara yeUnited States kana yehondo yenyika.
Muhondo yeUnited States yeUrumende, vamwe 63,000 vakafa, kusanganisira 46,000 Americans, 10,000 British, uye 7,000 Hesse. Zvichida 2,000 French yakafa kurutivi rweAmerica muNorth America, uyezve kurwisana neBritish muEurope. VaBrithani neUnited States vainge vaine 6,000 vakakuvara. Vagari vemauto vakanga vasina kuurayiwa muhuwandu hwemauto muhondo, sezvavari muhondo yemazuva ano. Asi hondo inogona kunge yakakonzera chirwere chechibhokisi, izvo zvakatora 130,000 upenyu. Zvakanakira kuti vakawanda veAmerica vakafa kune avo vari kune rumwe rutivi, kuti vakawanda vakafa pane vakakuvadzwa uye vakararama, kuti mamwe mauto akafa kupfuura vagari vevanhu, kuti United States yakunda, kuti hondo yakarwa mukati meUnited States, uye kuti hapana dambudziko revapoteri rakasikwa (kunyange zvazvo gedhi rakavhurwa zvakapararira kuhutongerwo hwevanhu vemuAmerica uye dzimwe hondo dzenguva yemberi).
MuHondo ye1812, vamwe varwi ve3,800 neUnited States vakafa vachirwisana, asi zvirwere zvakaunza rufu kune vamwe 20,000. Nhamba yevakakuvadzwa yaiva duku, sezvaizova muhondo dzakawanda pamberi pe penicillin uye kumwe kufambira mberi kwezvokurapa kwakasvika kweHondo Yenyika II uye gare gare hondo. Kusvikira panguva iyo, mamwe mauto akafa nemaronda avo. Hondo muHondo ye1812 haina kuuraya vanhu vazhinji vevanhu. Vakawanda veAmerica vakafa kune avo kune rumwe rutivi. Hondo yakarwiwa mukati meUnited States, asi hondo yakanga isiriko. Canada haina kukundwa. Asi zvakasiyana, Washington DC yakapiswa. Hapana dambudziko guru revapoteri rakaguma.
Hondo dzeUSU dzinopesana nevaNative America dzaive chimwe chikamu chekuparadzwa. Maererano neU.S. Census Bureau mu1894, "MaIndia hondo pasi pehurumende yeUnited States ave akawanda kupfuura 40 muchiverengero. Vakatengesa upenyu hwevarume vane 19,000 vatsvene, vakadzi nevana, kusanganisira avo vakaurayiwa muhondo dzakasiyana, uye hupenyu hwevaIndonesia dzevaIndia. "Idzi idzi dzakarwa muUnited States, iyo hurumende yeUnited States" yakakunda "kakawanda kupfuura rakarasika, uye mune rumwe rutivi rakatambura chikamu chikuru chekufa, kusanganisira kufa kwekukosha kunokonzerwa nevanhu. Nhamo yevapoteri yakawanda zvikuru yaiva imwe yemigumisiro yekutanga. Nenzira dzinoverengeka, hondo idzi inzira yepamusoro yehondo dzekupedzisira dzeUnited States kupfuura dzimwe hondo dzekutanga.
Muhondo yeUnited States yeMexico ye1846-1848, 1,773 vanhu veAmerica vakaurayiwa muchiito, apo 13,271 yakafa nechirwere, uye 4,152 vakakuvadzwa muhondo. Inenge maMexican 25,000 akaurayiwa kana kukuvadzwa. Kamwe zvakare, chirwere chaiva chikuru chiurayi. Zvakare, vakawanda vakafa kupfuura vakakuvara uye vakapona. Vanhu vashomanana vekuAmerica vakafa kune avo kune rumwe rutivi. Masoja akawanda akafa kudarika vanhu. Uye United States yakakunda hondo.
Mune imwe neimwe yehondo inorondedzerwa pamusoro apa, nhamba dzekutadza dzaive dzakawanda zvikamu zvevanhu vakawanda panguva iyoyo kupfuura ivo vemazuva ano nhasi. Kunyangwe uye kuti sei izvo zvinoita kuti hondo dziwedzere kudarika zvakashata kuurayiwa zvinoreva inyaya yenyaya yekukakavadzana. Kugadziriswa kwehuwandu hwevanhu hahuve nehunhu hwekuita sezvaunogona kufunga. Vanhu veUnited States panguva yehondo yavo kuMexico vakanga vava kuda kuwanda sevanhu veIraq panguva ye Shock uye Awe. United States yakarashika 15,000. Irak yakarashika 1.4 mamiriyoni. Kuti zvive zvakanyatsojeka, vanhu veUnited States vaiva ne 22 mamiriyoni uye Mexico pamusoro pe2 mamiriyoni, avo vamwe 80,000 vakanga vari munharaunda dzakabatwa neUnited States. Vaya 80,000 vakaona hukama hwavo hwakashanduka, kunyange zvazvo vamwe vakabvumirwa kuramba vari muMexico. Irak yakaona mamiriyoni evanhu vasina pokugara, kusanganisira mamiriyoni akamanikidzwa kuenda kunze kweIraq uye achigara sevapoteri kune dzimwe nyika.
IAmerica Civil War, yakakwira kubva muhondo kuMexico nezvimwe zvinhu, yakamira. Nhamba yekufa inowanzofungidzirwa pane chimwe chinhu chinoshamisa zvikuru ne654,965 Iraqis yakaurayiwa kubva munaJune 2006, sezvakataurwa naJohn Hopkins. Mumwe muongorori anonyora varwi veChina War sezvinotevera:
Yese yehondo yakafa: 618,022, kusanganisira 360,022 North uye 258,000 Southern. KuNorth, 67,058 yakafa mukurwisana, 43,012 kubva kune maronda, 219,734 kubva pane zvirwere, kusanganisira 57,265 kubva kumaronda, uye 30,218 vakafa sevasungwa vehondo. KuneZouth, 94,000 yakafa mukurwa, nhamba isingazivikanwi kubva kune maronda, 138,024 kubva kune zvirwere, uye 25,976 sevasungwa vehondo. Mumwe 455,175 akakuvadzwa, kusanganisira 275,175 kubva kuchamhembe uye 180,000 kubva kuSouth.
Kunyanya kutsvaga tsvakurudzo, kushandiswa kwehuwandu hwekuverenga, inofungidzira US War Civil War yakafa pa 750,000. Kuyera uye kufungidzira nzvimbo yekufa kwevanhu, kusanganisira kubva panzara, pane imwe 50,000 kana zvimwe. Nhamba yeUnited States yeA31.4 mu1860, yakaderedzwa ne800,000, zvinoreva kurasikirwa kwe2.5 muzana, kana pasi pehafu iyo Iraq yakarasikirwa muOIL (Operation Iraqi Liberation, zita rekutanga rehondo); 1,455,590 inourawa kunze kwe27 mamiriyoni inorasikirwa ne5.4 muzana.
IAmerican Civil War nhamba dzinotanga kuswedera pedyo nerufu rwehondo huru dzemazuva ano, asi dzichiri kuramba dzakaparadzana zvakafanana pakati pemativi maviri. Mukuwedzera, nhamba dzakakuvadzwa dzinotanga kudarika nhamba dzakafa. Asi, kuuraya kunoramba kuripo nekuuraya kwemauto, kwete vanhu vanogara.
Kutanga kwekutanga kweUnited States kwehurumende yekunze kunze kwekuparadzwa kweMarudzi eAmerica maAmerica aiva muHawaii mu1893. Hapana akafa, uye mumwe weHawaiian akakuvadzwa. Izvi zvinoparadza hazvizombovizve zvisina ropa.
Hondo dzeUnited States kuCuba nePhilippines pakupera kwezana remakore rechigumi nematanhatu dzinotanga kutitungamirira kune imwe nzira. Idzi dzaive mabasa echisimba kune imwe nyika. Denda rakaramba riine muurayi mukuru, asi rakakonzera rumwe rutivi rusingabviri, nokuti kukakavadzana kwakanga kuri kutora kure nemhenderekedzo yeiyo anogara.
Hondo yeSpain-America yakarwa muCuba, Puerto Rico, neGuam, asi kwete muUnited States. Hondo yePhilippines yakarwa muPhilippine. MuHondo yeSpain-America, United States yakaona 496 ichiurayiwa muchiito, 202 yakafa nemaronda, 5,509 yakafa nehosha, uye 250 vakaurayiwa neUnited States 'pachayo (inogona kunge yakanganisa) kuparadzwa kweU.S. Maine isati yaitika hondo. VaSpain vakaona 786 vakaurayiwa muchiito, 8,627 vakafa nemaronda, uye 53,440 akafa nehosha. VaCubans vakaona imwe 10,665 yakafa.
Asi iri muPhilippines kuti kuverenga kwekufa, pamwe nekureba kwehondo, kunotanga kutaridzika. IUnited States yakanga iine 4,000 inourawa, kunyanya nechirwere, pamwe ne64 kubva kuOregon (isati yava chikamu cheUnited States). Nyika yePhilippines yakanga ine varwi ve20,000 vakaurawa, pamwe ne200,000 kusvika ku1,500,000 vagari vemazuva vakafa muchisimba uye zvirwere, kusanganisira kolera. Pamakore emakore 15, nedzimwe dzinofungidzira, maUnited States 'masimba, pamwe chete nehosha, akaurayiwa pamusoro pevanhu vane mamiriyoni e1.5 muPhilippine, kunze kwevanhu ve6 kusvika ku 7 mamiriyoni. Izvo zvisingasviki nechechina chiyero chevanhu veIraqi, vane kuurawa kwakafanana kwakaiswa pamusoro payo, kwenguva inenge kaviri kana yakareba. Vanhu vane mamiriyoni gumi nemamiriyoni evanhu vanodarika 7 mamiriyoni evanhu vari kurasikirwa nekudengenyeka kwe1.5 muzana yehuwandu hwehuwandu hwevanhu-vachiita hondo iyi, nechiyero ichocho, kana kukwidziridzwa kwepamusoro kwekufa kwechokwadi, hondo yakaipisisa iyo United States yakaita, kunze kwe the Native American genocide. Nhamba yekufa kweUnited States ye21 muPhilippines yakafanana zvikuru nehuwandu hwekufa kweUnited States muIraq. Kubvira pano zvichienda kunze, kufa kweU.S. kuverengwa kuchave kudiki kudarika kune kune rumwe rutivi, uye kuuraya kwehondo kunenge kudiki kudarika vanhu. Kukunda uyewo kunopokana kana kuti kwenguva pfupi.
Hondo Yenyika Yenyika Yenyika yakaona hupfumi hwemamiriyoni e10, pamusoro pe6 mamiriyoni avo vari kurutivi rweRussia, France, British, uye dzimwe Allies. Inenge chikamu chimwe chete pazvikamu zvitatu zveavo vakafa vaitirwe nehotera yeSpain. Nezvevanhu vane mamiriyoni e7 vakaurawa muRussia, Turkey, Germany uye kune dzimwe nzvimbo nechisimba, nzara, uye zvirwere. Dambudziko re "chirwere" cheSpanish rakanyanya kugadzirwa nehondo, iyo yakawedzerwa kutengesa uye kuwedzera kuchinja; hondo yacho ingangodaro yakawedzera kuuraya kwehutachiona. Denda iro rakauraya 50 kuvanhu vane mamiriyoni e100 pasi rose. Hondo yeArmenian nehondo muRussia neTurkey zvinopesana yakakura kubva muhondo iyi, sezviri pachena Hondo Yenyika II. Pakupedzisira, rufu rwehuwandu hunowanikwa hahubviri. Asi isu tinogona kuona kuti hondo iyi inosanganisira kuuraya kwakananga nekusaziva pamwero mukuru, kuti kuuraya zvakananga kwakanga kwakanyatsoenzanisa pakati pemativi maviri, uye kuti avo vakakuvadzwa vakanga vakurira iye zvino vakawanda kupfuura avo vakaurawa.
Ichi chaiva nekukurumidza, kukurumidza kuponda kwakaitika munzvimbo ye-4 yemakore, panzvimbo yebasa rakakura seyaIraq kana Afghanistan mukati mezana remakore re 21. Asi kufa kwakananga kwakapararira pamusoro pemarudzi akawanda. Nhamba yepamusoro yekufa kwenyika ndeye 1,773,300 muGermany, yakateverwa ne1,700,000 muRussia, 1,357,800 muFrance, 1,200,000 muAustria-Hungary, 908,371 muBritain Empire (zvirokwazvo marudzi mazhinji), uye 650,000 muItaly, pasina imwe nyika inouraya inokwira kumusoro 350,000. Mamiriyoni e1.7 akaurawa muGermany akatorwa kubva kuvanhu vane 68 mamiriyoni. Mamiriyoni e1.7 akaurawa muRussia akatorwa kubva kuvanhu vane 170 mamiriyoni. Irak yakarasikirwa nehuwandu hwehupenyu hwehupenyu hwayo munguva ichangobva "kusununguko," asi kubva kune vanhu vemu 27 mamiriyoni chete. Asi, nenzira imwe chete yatinofunga nezveHondo Yenyika I sekutyisa kusina maturo kwekunaka kwechokwadi, uye yekusunungurwa kweIraq sechinangwa chehurumende chakanga chisina kufamba zvakanaka-kana kunyange sechinhu chinobudirira.
WWII ndiyo chinhu chakaipa pane chimwe chevanhu chakazviitira pachako mune chero nguva shoma. Kugadzirisa zvinokonzera matambudziko nemigumisiro yatingave tisingamboperi (chero kupfuura mauto eUnited States angambosiya Germany kana Japan), nhamba yevanhu vakaurayiwa-vamwe 50 kusvika kune 70 mamiriyoni-nyore nyore kumusoro kwezita. Inofananidzwa sehuwandu hwehuwandu hwevanhu vakaurawa, Hondo Yenyika II inopfuura chete nemakore akawanda ezviitiko zvakadai sokuwa kweRoma. Izvo zvakakonzerwa neHondo Yenyika II kune dzimwe nyika dzakasiyana-siyana, zvichibva ku16 muzana yevanhu vePoland vakaurawa, kusvikira kusvika ku0.01 muzana yevanhu veIraq vakaurayiwa. Nezvemarudzi e12 akarasikirwa zvinopfuura 5 muzana yevanhu varo muHondo Yenyika II. Japan yakarasikirwa ne3 muzana kune 4 muzana. France neItaly vakarasikirwa ne1 muzana imwe neimwe. I UK yakarashika pasi pe1 muzana. United States yakarashika 0.3 muzana. Mamwe mapfumbamwe muHondo Yenyika II akarasika mamiriyoni kana kupfuura vapenyu. Pakati peavo vakanga vasina kuFrance, Italy, UK, neU.S. Saka, hondo yechangobva kuitika muIraq yakanyanya kuipa kuIraq kusiyana nezvakawanda zvevanhu munyika yeHondo Yenyika II. Tinogonawo kugumisa pasina mumvuri wekusahadzika kuti mhirizhonga yakaitwa kumarudzi evanhu haisi iyo inotarisa nhamba yeHollywood mafirimu akaitwa nehondo imwe pane imwe.
NeHondo Yenyika II takapinda panguva iyo kufa kwevanhu zvisina kufanira kunopfuura kufa kwehondo. Panenge ne60 yezana kusvika ku70 yezana yevakafa vakange vari vevanhu, chimiro chinosanganisira avo vanouraya bhomba uye mamwe mhirizhonga pamwe chete nemishonga yekuchenesa uye madzinza ekuchenesa madzinza, uyewo zvirwere nenzara. (Unogona kuwana mitsara yakawanda pane peji re Wikipedia pamusoro pe "Hondo yeHondo Yenyika II".) Takapindawo panguva iyo kuurayisa kunogona kuchinja zvakanyanya rutivi rumwe. Izvo zvakaitwa neGermany kuSoviet Union nePoland, uye chii chakaitwa naJapan kuChina chikonzero chekuwanda kwekufa. Nokudaro vashandi vanokunda vakatambura chikamu chikuru. Isuwo takapinda munguva iyo yakakuvadzwa kudarika yakafa, uye nguva iyo hondo yekufa inouya zvikurukuru kubva kumhirizhonga pane zvirwere. Uye takazarura mukova wekukura kukuru muUnited States kuvepo uye kushanda kumativi ose enyika, kukura kuri kuitwa.
Hondo yeKorea, iyo yakambogadzwa zvakasununguka, mumakore ayo ekutanga zvikuru akauraya 1.5 inofungidzirwa kuva 2 mamiriyoni evanhu, North neSouth, pamwe nevanoda kusvika mamiriyoni ehondo vakafa kune rumwe rutivi rweNorth uye China, mamiriyoni emamiriyoni kana kupfuura mamwe mauto akafa kubva kuSouth, 36,000 yakafa kubva kuUnited States, uye nhamba shomanana kubva kune dzimwe nyika dzakawanda. Masoja akakuvadzwa zvakanyanya kudarika mauto akafa. Sezvakaitika muHondo Yenyika II, dzimwe chikamu zviviri kubva kune zvitatu zvekufa kwaiva zvevanhu, uye kufa kweUnited States kwakanga kushoma kana kuchienzaniswa nevamwe. Kusiyana neHondo Yenyika II, kwakanga kusina kukunda; iyo ndiyo yakanga iri kutanga kwemaitiro aizogara.
Hondo yeVietnam yaiva Korea, asi yakaipisisa. Ikoko kwakanga kune kushaya kwakafanana kwakakunda uye nhamba yakafanana yevanhu vekuAmerica, asi nhamba huru yekufa kwevanhu vaigara muhondo yehondo. Vakafa vekuAmerica vanobva vatanga kuverenga 1.6 muzana yevanofa. Iyo inofananidzwa ne-0.3 muzana muIraq. Chirongwa cheC2008 neHarvard Medical School uye Institute for Health Metrics uye Kuongorora paYunivhesiti yeWashington inofungidzira kuti 3.8 mamiriyoni ehondo ane hutsinye, hondo uye varwi, kuchamhembe uye kumaodzanyemba, mumakore ekubatanidzwa kweUnited States muVietnam. Kufa kwechisimba kwakanyanya kudarika kufa kwehondo, zvakare kunenge kusvika zviviri zvezvitatu zvevakafa vose. Vakuvadzwa vakanga vari mumatunhu akakwirira, uye vachitonga nemabhuku echipatara eSouth Vietnam, chetatu vaiva vakadzi nechechina vana vari pasi pezera 13. Vakuru vekuAmerica vaisanganisira 58,000 vakaurawa uye 153,303 vakakuvadzwa, pamwe ne2,489 iripo. (Kufambira mberi kwechiremba kunobatsira kutsanangura chiyero chevakakuvadzwa kuurayiwa; kuenderera mberi kwehutano huri mberi uye nhumbi dzokuzvidzivirira zvemuviri kunogona kubatsira kutsanangura kuti sei kufa kweUnited States muIraq kwakanga kusingaenzaniswi nekufa kweUnited States muKorea kana kuVietnam.) 3.8 mamiriyoni evanhu 40 mamiriyoni inoda kusvika 10 muzana kurasikirwa, kana kaviri zvakaitwa neOIL kuIraq. Hondo yakaputirwa munyika dzakapoteredza. Vapoteri vakamuka vakatevera. Kuparara kwezvakatipoteredza uye kunonoka kufa, kazhinji nokuda kweAgent Orange, ramba uchiripo nhasi.
One Big Atrocity
Hondo yechangobva kuitika kuIraq, yakaenzaniswa nemafungiro ekufa, inogona kuenzanisa zvakanaka nehondo yeVietnam, asi tsanangudzo yekuti kuurayiwa kwakaitwa sei zvakajeka zvakafanana, sezvakaratidzwa muNick Turse Kill Anything That Moves. Nyaya dzeTurse kuti mazano ezvematongerwe enyika akaendeswa kubva kumusoro akatungamirirwa nguva dzose, kupfuura kwemakore, kusvika pakuurayiwa kwemamiriyoni evanhu vemuVietnam. Zvakawanda zvekuuraya zvakaitwa nemaoko kana nepfuti kana zvombo zvehondo, asi mugove weshumba wakauya uri mhando yezvipembenene zvehondo zvemamiriyoni 3.4 zvinotenderedzwa neSouth neSouth Vietnam ndege pakati pe1965 ne1972.
Zuva rainzi My Lai rokuurayiwa muVietnam rakanga risati rapera. Turse inonyora muenzaniso wehutsinye hunopararira zvokuti munhu anomanikidzwa kutanga kutarisa hondo pachayo sechisimba chikuru. Saizvozvowo, utsinye husingaperi uye hutsinye muAfghanistan neIraq hazvirevi kunyangwe kunyange varwi vekuAmerica vakavatsanangurira sezviitiko zvisingagoneki zvisina chokuita nechinangwa chehondo.
"Kuuraya chero chinhu chinopfuurira," yakanga iri chirongwa chakapiwa mauto eUnited States muVietnam akadzidziswa nechisarudzo chechisarura nokuda kweVietnam. "360 degree rotational moto" waiva murairo wakapiwa mumigwagwa yeIraq nemauto eUnited States akafanirwa kuvenga, uye saizvozvowo akapererwa nekuora simba mumuviri.
Vana vakafa muVietnam vakakumbira mazwi ekuti "Akakomba, vanokura kuti vave VC." Mumwe wevaUnited States helicopter muIraq akanzwa mumusangano we "Wakaurayiwa" video inotaura nezvevana vakafa, "Zvakanaka mhosva yavo yekuunza vana vavo mu hondo. "Mutungamiri mukuru wehurumende yeBachel Obama, Robert Gibbs, akataura nezvemukuru wemakore anonzi 16 weAmerica akaurayiwa nemudonzvo weUnited States muYemen:" Ndinokurudzira kuti iwe unofanira kuva nebaba vane basa rakanyanya kana vane hanya chaizvo nehupenyu hwakanaka hwevana vavo. "Izvo" ivo "zvinogona kureva vatorwa kana vaMuslim kana kuti murume uyu chaiwo. Kuuraya kwemwanakomana kunonyadzisa kuburikidza nokutaura kuna baba vake. MuVietnam mumwe munhu akafa aiva muvengi, uye dzimwe nguva zvombo zvingasimwa pavari. Mu drone hondo, chero varume vakafa vakafa, uye muIraq neAghanistan zvombo zvakagara zvadyarwa pavanouraya (Ona IVAW.org/WinterSoldier). Mushure mekunge mauto eUnited States achiuraya vakadzi vane pamuviri mune imwe usiku-vakaparadza muAfghanistan, vakachera mabhudzi kunze nemapanga uye vakapomera kuuraya pamusoro pemhuri dzemadzimai. (Ona Makasviba Hondo naJeremy Scahill.)
Hondo yeUnited States munguva yeHondo yeVietnam yakashandura kubva pakuchengeta vasungwa kusvika kune kuuraya vasungwa, sezvo hondo yemazuva ano yakasimuka kubva mujeri kune kuuraya pamwe nekuchinja kwemuongorori kubva kuBush kusvika kuB Obama. (Ona "Chakavanzika" Kuuraya Nyaya "Inoratidza Muedzo weAmerica's Principles uye Will," New York Times, May 29, 2012.) MuVietnam, seIraq, mitemo yekubatana yakawedzerwa kusvikira mitemo yaibvumira kupisa chero chinhu chakafamba. MuVietnam, semuIraq, mauto eUnited States vakatsvaka kukunda vanhu nekuvatyisa. MuVietnam, seAfghanistan, misha yose yakaparadzwa.
MuVietnam, vapoteri vanotambura mumisasa inotyisa, asi muAfghanistan vana vakafirwa kuti vafe mumusasa wevapoteri pedyo neKabul. Kutambudzwa kwakanga kwakajairika muVietnam, kusanganisira mvura-kukwira. Asi panguva iyoyo yakanga isati yambofananidzirwa mufirimu yeHollywood kana kuti terevhizheni sechiitiko chakanaka. Napalm, phosphorus yakachena, mabhosi emasumbu, uye zvimwe zvombo zvakashorwa uye zvakarambidzwa zvakashandiswa muVietnam, sezvavari muhondo yepasi rose pasi. Kuparadza kwakasikwa kwezvakatipoteredza kwaive chikamu chehondo mbiri. Kubata chikwata kwaive chikamu chehondo mbiri. Kudyiswa kwezvitunha kwaiwanzoonekwa muhondo dzose mbiri. Zvinyorwa zvinotapudza misha yevanhu muVietnam, kwete zvakasiyana nezvakagadzirwa neU.S.-made bulldozers zvino kuPalestine.
Kuurayiwa kwevanhu vazhinji muVietnam, sekuAraq neAfghanistan, vaitungamirirwa nechishuvo chekutsiva. (Ona Kuuraya Chinhu Chinofambisa Nick Turse.) Zvombo zvitsva zvakabvumira US mauto kuVietnam kutema nzvimbo refu, zvichiita kuti tive netsika yokupfura kutanga uye kuongorora gare gare, tsika yakagadzirwa zvino nokuda kwezviitiko zve drone. Makira akazvimirira pasi uye ne helicopter akaenda "kuvhima" kune vagari vemunharaunda kuti vauraye muVietnam seAfghanistan. Uye zvechokwadi, vatungamiri veVietnam vakatarirwa kuurawa.
Vashandi veVivietnam vakaona avo vadikanwa vachitambudzwa, vakaurayiwa, uye vakagumburwa-mune dzimwe nguva-vakatsamwira nehasha makore makumi mana gare gare. Hazvisi zvakaoma kuverenga kuti kutsamwa kwakadaro kuchagara kwenguva ipi mumarudzi iko zvino "kusunungurwa."
Recent Wars
Kwemazana emakore, kuputirana nehondo huru dzandave ndichiri kutsanangura, US inobata muhondo shoma dzakawanda. Iyi hondo dzakapfuurira pakati pekubuda kweUnited States kubva kuVietnam uye kuAmerica kunopinda muIraq. Chiitiko ndechokupinda kwe1983 kweGrenada. Grenada akarasika 45 anorarama uye Cuba 25, United States 19, uye 119 US vakakuvara. Imwe muenzaniso ndekuuya kweUnited States kwePanama mu1989. Panama yakarashika pakati pe500 ne3,000, apo maSouth akarasikirwa ne23.
IUnited States yakabatsira Iraq muhondo yayo paIran munguva ye1980s. Nhengo imwe neimwe yakarashika mazana ezviuru zvehupenyu, uye Iran inotambura zvichida zviviri zvezvitatu zvekufa.
Operation Desert Storm, 17 January 1991 - 28 February 1991, akaurayiwa vamwe 103,000 Iraqis, kusanganisira 83,000 vanhu vanogara. Yakauraya 258 vokuAmerica (ichivaita 0.25 muzana yevakafa), kunyange zvirwere nekukuvadzwa kwakaratidzwa mumakore akatevera. Pakupera kwehondo 0.1 muzana yevarwi veUnited States vakapindira vaionekwa sekuurawa kana kukuvadzwa, asi ne2002, 27.7 muzana yevarwi vehondo vainge vakanyorwa sevakafa kana vakuvadzwa, vazhinji vakaonekwa neGulf War Syndrome.
Kubva munaSeptember 2013, hondo yeUnited States pamusoro peA Afghanistan yakaramba iripo, neUnited States ikakundikana. Sezvo neIraq, ine nhoroondo yekare yekufa uye kuparadzwa kunotarisana nemakore mazhinji-munyaya iyi zvichida kune izvo Zbigniew Brzezinski akabvuma yakanga iri simba reUnited States rokukurwisa Soviet kupinda mu1979. Kufa kwekuAmerica muAfghan kubvira 2001 iri pamusoro pe2,000, pamwe ne10,000 yakakuvadzwa. Kuwedzera kune uko kune dzakawanda zvakawanda zvemauto ane uropi hwekurohwa uye chinetso chinotambudza chirwere chepfungwa (PTSD). Mune mamwe makore, kuzviuraya kwakapararira kurwisana nekufa. Asi, sezvimwe mune dzimwe hondo dzemazuva ano, nyika yakabatwa yakatambura zvikuru nekukuvadzwa nekufa, kusanganisira neA10,000 Afghan masimba ezvokuchengetwa akaurawa, 200 Northern Alliance mauto akaurawa, uye makumi kana mazana ezviuru zvevanhu vakaurayiwa zvine utsinye, pamwe nemamwe mazana zvezviuru kana mamiriyoni akafa kubva kune zvisiri zvekusagadzikana zvehondo kunosanganisira kupisa, nzara, uye zvirwere. Dambudziko revapoteri reAustralia rave richiwedzerwa nemamiriyoni panguva yebasa razvino, apo missile yeUnited States inorwisa kuchamhembe kwePakistan yakagadzira imwe mamiriyoni evapoteri vane 2.5.
Zvinyorwa zvezvinhu zvose zviri pamusoro apa zvinogona kuwanikwa paWarIsIsriCrime.org / Iraq pamwe nekuongororwa kwezvidzidzo zvekuparara muIraq izvo zvinowanzoita kuti zvivepo pahuwandu hwekufa kwe1,455,590. Aya ndiwo rufu kune chikwata chapamusoro chekufa chakange chiripo mu2003, kutevera zviito zvakashata uye kurwisa kwenguva refu kwebhomba munhoroondo.
US drone inouraya muPakistan, Yemen, uye kuSomalia iri kubudisa nhamba dzakawanda dzevakafa, inenge dzose dziri kune rumwe rutivi. Iyi nhamba inobva kuTheBureauInvestigates.com:
PAKISITANI
CIA Drone Inorohwa muPakistan 2004-2013
Nhamba yeAmerica yose: 372
Zvose zvinonzi zvakaurawa: 2,566-3,570
Vanhu vakazvimiririra vanonzi vakaurawa: 411-890
Vana vanonzi vakaurawa: 167-197
Zvose zvakakuvara zvakakuvadza: 1,182-1,485
YEMENI
US Covert Action mu Yemen 2002-2013
Yakavimbiswa US drone inouraya: 46-56
Zvose zvinonzi zvakaurawa: 240-349
Vanhu vakazvimiririra vanonzi vakaurawa: 14-49
Vana vanonzi vakaurawa: 2
Yakasvibiswa: 62-144
Zvimwe zvinogona kuwedzera zve US drone zvinoitika: 80-99
Zvose zvinonzi zvakaurawa: 283-456
Vanhu vakazvimiririra vanonzi vakaurawa: 23-48
Vana vanonzi vakaurawa: 6-9
Yakasvibiswa: 81-106
Mamwe mabasa ose eUnited States: 12-77
Zvose zvinonzi zvakaurawa: 148-377
Vanhu vakazvimiririra vanonzi vakaurawa: 60-88
Vana vanonzi vakaurawa: 25-26
Yakasvibiswa: 22-111
SOMARIA
US Covert Action muSomalia 2007-2013
US drone inouraya: 3-9
Zvose zvinonzi zvakaurawa: 7-27
Vanhu vakazvimiririra vanonzi vakaurawa: 0-15
Vana vanonzi vakaurawa: 0
Yakasvibiswa: 2-24
Mamwe mabasa ose eUnited States: 7-14
Zvose zvinonzi zvakaurawa: 47-143
Vanhu vakazvimiririra vanonzi vakaurawa: 7-42
Vana vanonzi vakaurawa: 1-3
Yakasvibiswa: 12-20
Mhedziso yakakwirira yeiyi inhengo dzose dze4,922, inoshamisa zvikuru neyechimiro che4,700 iyo Senator Lindsey Graham yakaita pachena-pasina, asi, kutsanangura kuti yaive kupi. Nhamba idzi dzinofananidzwa zvakanakisisa nekushanda kweIraqi Liberation (zvinoreva kuti iduku), asi kuita kuti kuenzanisa kungave kwakaipisisa. Hurumende yeUnited States haina kutora hondo yepasi kana mhirizhonga yemagodhi nehondo ye drone munyika dziri pamusoro. Yakagadzira drone hondo uko ingadai isina kumboita kuti isarudze hondo chero ipi zvayo, pasina kuwanikwa kwemadrones. Yakagadzira izvi zvinorwisa hondo panguva yekuwedzera basa guru muAfghanistan iyo drone inouraya yaiva chinhu chimwe chete.
Tichitarisa hondo dze nyika inotungamirira hondo yekuita hondo, yakayerwa nerufu, iyo hondo haifaniri kunge iri munzira yekuguma. Kana kukanganisa hondo kunorwirwa munguva yemberi, izvo zvinogona kureva kuderedza kufa kunowanikwa. Asi hazvirevi kuguma kwehondo, uye saka zvingava zvakaoma kuratidza kuti hondo dzichava dzakakosha nenzira ipi zvayo-hondo dziri dzakaoma zvikara zvekutonga kamwechete zvatanga.
Icho chinyorwa chiri pasi chinoratidza nhamba inofungidzirwa yevanhu vakaurayiwa muhondo huru dzeUnited States pamusoro pemakore, kubvira kune imwe yekare kuruboshwe kusvika kune yakangodarika ichangopfuura. Ndakabatanidza hondo huru uye ndasiya vamwe vakawanda vaduku, zvose zvekutanga uye zvekare. Handina kubatanidza hondo neVaNative America, zvikurukuru nokuti vakange vakapararira kwenguva yakareba zvakadaro. Handinawo kusanganisira zviyero zvakapinda pakati peGulf War neIraa War, kunyange zvazvo vakauraya vanhu vakawanda kupfuura Gulf War. Ndangosanganisira chete kuputika kwenguva pfupi kwokuuraya kwatinoti hondo. Uye ini ndakabatanidza kufa kumativi ose, kusanganisira avo vakaurayiwa nezvirwere panguva yehondo, asi kwete mushure mehondo-zvirwere, kwete kukuvadzwa. Vakakuvadzwa avo vakapona vakanga vashomanana muhondo kuruboshwe. Vakakuvadzwa vakanga vanopfuura vafa muhondo dziri kurudyi.
Icho chati iri pasi apa chakafanana necha chati iri pamusoro, chete nehondo mbiri dzepasi dzakabviswa. Izvo zviya zviviri zvakaitika mumarudzi akawanda akasiyana uye zvakauraya pamwero wakakura kudaro, kuti zviri nyore kuenzanisa dzimwe hondo kana zvisiri izvo. Kazhinji zvinotaurwa nezveHondo Yenyika sehondo yakaipisisa yeUnited States inooneka isina kunyanya kana ichiona chati ichi; nokuti chikwere ichi-chisina kufanana nehuwandu hwemashoko eUnited States-chinosanganisira kufa kumativi maviri ehondo dzenyika. Handina kuedza kuputsa chikamu chimwe nechimwe kuva varwi uye vanhu vemazuva ose, kushanda zvakaoma uye kwakanaka mumitemo, asi iyo inongoratidzika kuti inoratidzira kufa kwevanhu zvinowanika chete kune rumwe rutivi rworudyi rwe chati. Ini handinawo kuparadzanisa US kubva kune dzimwe nyika. Kuita izvi kwaizoita kuti hondo shanu dziende kuruboshwe dziine mavara ose kana zvakanyanya ruvara rwuri kuratidza kufa kweU.S., uye hondo shanu dziri kurudyi dzakatarisana nemhando yakakwana inomiririra kufa kune dzimwe nyika, ine slide shoma inoratidzira kufa kweSU sechikamu che chizere.
Chati chechitatu, pane peji rinotevera, rinoratidza, kwete nhamba yevakafa, asi chikamu chevanhu vakaurawa. Mumwe angangodaro akafungidzira kuti hondo dzepakutanga dzakaona vashomanana kufa nokuti vanhu venyika dzakabatanidzwa vaiva vashoma. Zvisinei, patinenge tichigadzirisa huwandu hwevanhu, chati yacho haisi kuchinja zvikuru. Hondo dzapfuura dzichiri kuonekwa sechekufa kupfuura yehondo dzinotevera. Vanhu vanoshandiswa nokuda kwekuverenga uku ndevaya vanogara munyika iyo hondo dzakarwa: United States nokuda kwekuvandudza uye hondo yehurumende, United States neKanada yehondo ye1812, United States neMexico yeMexicoan-America hondo, Cuba nePuerto Rico neGuam kwehondo yeSpain-America, Philippines kana Korea kana Vietnam nekuda kwehondo dzine mazita emarudzi iwayo, uye Iraq muhondo mbiri dzokupedzisira.
Kuverenga Dollars
Apo veAmerica vanonzwa "mari yehondo" vanowanzofunga nezvezvinhu zviviri: madhora nemasoja eUnited States. Munguva yeGWOT (pasi rose hondo pamusoro pekutya / terra) vokuAmerica havana kubvunzwa kuti vape zvibayiro, kuderedza shure, kubhadhara mitero yakawanda, kana kuti kubatanidzwa pamusana. Kutaura zvazviri, vakave nemitero yavo yakaderedzwa, kunyanya kana vane misha mikuru kana vari pakati pevanhu ve "vanhu vanobatana." (Pfuma yekuunganidza ndiyo inowanzoitika yehondo, uye hondo idzi hazvisi izvo.) Vanhu veUnited States havana yakanyorerwa kuhondo kana mamwe mabasa, kunze kwekushaiwa urombo uye kunyengedzwa kwevashandi vehondo. Asi kushayikwa kwechibayiro ichi hakurevi kuti mari inoshandiswa. Pasi pane menyu ehondo dzekare uye mutengo wematengo mumadhora e2011. Izvo zvinoita sezviri kufamba zvichifamba nenzira isina kururama.
Hondo ye1812 - $ 1.6 mabhiriyoni
Kurwisana Kwehondo - $ 2.4 mabhiriyoni
Hondo yeMexico - $ 2.4 bhiriyoni
Hondo yeSpain-America - $ 9 mabhiriyoni
Hondo Yenyika - $ 79.7 mabhiriyoni
Persian Gulf - $ 102 mabhiriyoni
Hondo Yenyika I - $ 334 mabhiriyoni
Korea - $ 341 biliyoni
Afghanistan - $ 600 mabhiriyoni
Vietnam - $ 738 mabhiriyoni
Iraq - $ 810 biliyoni
Zvose mazita Post-9 / 11 - $ 1.4 trillion
Hondo Yenyika II - $ 4.1 trillion
Joseph Stiglitz naLinda Bilmes mu2008 vakaverenga mari yezvokwadi yeAIL (yeIraa War) yakaita matatu kusvika ku5 trillion (yakapfuura ikozvino kuti hondo yakaenderera kwemakore yakareba kupfuura yaiitarisira). Chiitiko ichocho chinosanganisira zvinokonzerwa nemitengo yeoiri, kutarisirwa kwevavengi venguva yemberi, uye--zvimwe-mikana yakarasikirwa.
Bhuku reByunivhesiti reBrown rinonzi "Hondo yehondo" rakarongedzwa muna 2013 nekutaura kuti mari yeUnited States yehondo yeIraq yaizova $ 2.2 trillion. Mamwe mashomanana anotsvaga mu webhusaiti yavo anowana izvi: "Zvose zvinoshandiswa muSUS federal zvakabatana nehondo yeIraq yave iri $ 1.7 trillion kuburikidza neFY2013. Mukuwedzera, hutano hwemangwana nekuremara kwevanhu veterans huchaita madhora $ 590 mabhiriyoni uye kufarira kubhadharwa kubhadhara hondo kunowedzera kusvika $ 3.9 trillion. "I $ 1.7 trillion pamwe ne $ 0.59 trillion yakaenzana ne $ 2.2 trillion yakaiswa mumusoro yenyaya yacho. Yakawedzerwa $ 3.9 trillion muzviitiko yakasara kunze. Uye, kunyange zvazvo Brown ari kutora mashoko acho kubva pamapepa naLinda Bilmes, inosiya zvinhu zvakawanda zvakabatanidzwa mubhuku reBilmes 'neStiglitz' The Three Trillion Dollar War, kusanganisira kunyanya kukosha kwehondo yepamusoro pemafuta emotokari uye yekurasikirwa mikana. Kuwedzera iyo kune $ 6.19 trillion yakanyorwa pano inoita kuti kuongororwa kwe $ 3 ku $ 5 trillion mubhuku reBilmes 'neStiglitz' rinotarisa se "vanochengetedza" sezvavakataura kuti raiva.
Inofanirwa mumadhora, sekufa, hondo nerudzi rwakapfuma zvikuru muhondo iye zvino hauratidze chero nzira dzenguva refu dzekushaikwa. Pane kudaro, hondo dzinoratidzika kuva inogara iripo, inogara, uye ichikura.
Ndiani Anoti Hondo Inopera?
Kunyanya kuchinja, nharo yokuti hondo iri kubuda yakagadzirwa naSteven Pinker mubhuku rake rinonzi The Angels Angels of Our Nature: Sei Chisimba Chichiramba. Asi iyo nharo inogona kuwanikwa mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana mubasa revadzidzi vakawanda veWestern.
Hondo, sezvatakaona pamusoro, haisi kuenda. Imwe nzira yekuratidza kuti inosanganisira kupokana hondo nemamwe marudzi echisimba. Chirango chorufu chinenge chichienda. Kutamba uye kurova vana vanoita sevari kuenda mune dzimwe tsika. Zvichingoenda zvakadaro. Aya ndiwo maitiro anofanirwa kubatsira kubatsira vanhu vemhosva yandakaita muChikamu I pamusoro apa: Hondo inogona kupera. Asi izvi zvinoitika hazviti chinhu pamusoro pehondo chiri kupera.
Nhoroondo yekufungidzira yehondo inoparadzana inoita zvekuMadokero nekubudirira semasimba ehukama. Izvo zvinoitwa, muchikamu chikuru, kuburikidza nekurapa hondo dzeWestern kune dzimwe nyika dzakashata semhosva yeiyo nyika dzakashata. Hondo yeUnited States muVietnam ndiyo yaiva mhosva yeVietnam vakanga vasina kujekeswa zvakakwana kuti vazvipe sezvavaifanira kuva nazvo. Hondo yeUnited States muIraq yakaguma neBush kuziviswa kwe "mission yakagadzirwa!" Mushure mekunge hondo yaive "hondo yevagari vemo" uye mhosva yevaIrais vanodzokera kumashure uye kushayikwa kwavo kwevekuMadokero kwemhirizhonga. Zvichingoenda zvakadaro.
Kusawanikwa kubva munhoroondo iyi kunomanikidza kusingagumi kune dzimwe hondo muU.S., Israel, uye dzimwe hurumende. Nzvimbo dzekubudisa nhau dzeUSU dzinogara dzichikurukurirana "hondo inotevera" sekunge pane inongofanira kuva imwe chete. Kutadza ndiko kukurudzirwa kweNATO mumusimba wepasi rose. Kushaya ingozi yakasikwa nekupararira kwenhare yenyukliya. Kushayikwa ndiko kuitika kune huori hukuru hwehutungamiri uye hutungamiri, uye kukura-kwete kupera-purogiramu yemashamba emabhizimisi. Kusava nekuwedzera kwezvitsigiro zveUnited States nemauto kune mamwe marudzi; pamwe chete neUnited States kutsvaga kuChina, North Korea, Russia, neIran; kuwedzera mumashandisirwo emasoja neChina nemamwe marudzi mazhinji; uye mafungiro asina kunaka pamusoro pehondo dzakapfuura kusanganisira hondo yemazuva ano muLibya uye zvido zvekuwedzera hondo muSiriya.
Hondo, mumaonero a Pinker nevamwe vatendi mukuparara kwehondo, inotangira kune varombo uye maMuslim. Pinker inoratidza kusaziva kuti nyika dzakapfuma dzinobhadhara mari uye vatongi vehondo vari munyika dzine urombo, kana kuti dzimwe nguva "vanopindira" nekuderedza kutsigira uku uye kurasa mabhosi pamwe chete nayo. Uyewo zvichida nyika dzekuita hondo ndeavo vane mafungiro, Pinker inotitaurira. (Sezvo munhu wose achiziva, United States haina chinangwa.) "Iro zvitatu zvakashata zvakapesana mushure mehondo," Pinker anonyora, "akafuridzirwa nehurumende dzeChinese, Korean, uye veVietnamist dzaive nokuzvitsaurira kunotyisa kune avo vaipikisana nevavengi vavo." Pinker inoramba ichienderera mberi kupa mhosva yekufa kwepamusoro muVietnam nechishuvo cheVivietnam kuti vafe muzvizhinji zvikuru pane kuzvipira, sezvaanofunga kuti vaifanira kuva nazvo.
Hondo yeUnited States yeIraq yakaguma, muna Pinker maonero, apo Mutungamiri George W. Bush akazivisa "basa rakapedzerwa," kubva panguva iyo yaive hondo yehurumende, uye naizvozvo zvikonzero zvehondo yehurumende zvinogona kuongororwa maererano nekukanganisa kweIraqi sangano.
"Ndakatambudzika kwazvo," Pinker inonyunyuta, "kuisa rusununguko rwehurumende kune dzimwe nyika dziri munyika dzichiri kusimukira dzisina kutenda mashura, varwi vehondo, uye madzinza." Zvechokwadi zvinogona kuva, asi chii chiripo uchapupu hwokuti Hurumende yeUnited States yave ichiedza? Kana kuti uchapupu hwokuti United States ine rusununguko rwakadaro pachedu? Kana kuti United States ine kodzero yekuisa zvido zvayo pane imwe nyika?
Pakutanga kwebhuku, Pinker inopa mapepa maviri anotsvaga kuratidza kuti, akaenzana nehuwandu hwevanhu, hondo dzakarova kupfuura prehistoric uye huncher-gatherer vanhu kupfuura vanhu vari munyika dzemazuva ano. Hakuna rimwe remadzinza ekare rakarondedzerwa kudzokera shure kune 14,000 BCE, zvinoreva kuti huzhinji hwehupenyu hwevanhu hwakasara kunze. Uye zvinyorwa izvi zvinorondedzera madzinza ega uye zvinotaura, kwete mapoka kana mapoka evanhu avo vakarwa muhondo. Kusavapo kwehondo kuburikidza nehuwandu hwehupenyu hwevanhu kunosara kunze kwekuenzanisa, zvinyorwa zvinokanganisa zvinotaurwa nezvehondo yapfuura, iyo nhamba inofananidzwa nehuwandu hwevanhu pasi pose pane huwandu hwemadzinza anobatanidzwa, uye-zvikuru-kufa kunoverengerwa kubva munguva ichangopfuura Hondo dzekuAmerica ndezvekufa kweU.S. Uye vanoyera vachirwisana nevanhu veUnited States, kwete rudzi rwakarwiswa. Pane dzimwe nguva, Pinker inotarisa hondo yekufa nekurwisana nehuwandu hwepasi rose, chiyero chisingatitauri zvirokwazvo chimwe chinhu pamusoro pehuwandu hwekuparadza mune nzvimbo iyo hondo dzinorwirwa. Anosiyawo asinganzwisisiki kana kunonoka kufa. Saka varwi veUnited States vakaurayiwa muVietnam vanoverengwa, asi avo vakaurayiwa zvishoma nezvishoma naAgent Orange kana PTSD havaverengwi. Zvechokwadi mapfumo nemiseve yakashandiswa muhondo dzekare hazvina kuenzana zvakanonoka migumisiro seAgent Orange. Masoja eUnited States akaurawa muAfghanistan anoverengwa ne Pinker, asi nhamba yakawanda inouraya zvishoma pashure pakukuvadzwa kana kuzviuraya hazviiti.
Pinker inobvuma dambudziko rekukura kwenyukireya chete mune imwe girazi-hafu yakazara nzira yakasiyana-siyana:
Kana mumwe aifanira kuverenga huwandu hwekuparadza iyo nyika dzakagadziriswa sechiyero chekuwanda kwezvaizogona kuita, ichitsvaga kukuvadza kunowanikwa kwavari, shure kwehondo [kureva pashure-Hondo Yenyika II] makumi emakore yaizova nemirairo yehukuru runyararo kupfuura chero nguva munhoroondo.
Saka, tine runyararo rwakawanda nokuti takavaka zvombo zvakawanda zvinouraya!
Uye kubudirira kwekubudirira kwakanaka nokuti inofambira mberi.
Uyezve, mushure mekufamba kwemakumbo ose anofanirwa kuverenga nzira yedu yorugare, tinotarisa kumusoro uye tinoona hondo dzemvura kupfuura kare kare, nemichina iri munzvimbo yekubhadhara zvakawanda-mishonga inogamuchirwa sechisinganzwisisiki kana chaiyo isingaoneki.
Hondo Yedu Haisi Zvakaipa Sezvakaita Hondo Dzako
Pinker haisi yoga. Jared Diamond's latest book, The World Until Yesterday: What We Can Learn from Social Traditions, inoratidza kuti vanhu vemarudzi vanogara nehondo nguva dzose. Matanha ake akafanana neAller's. Diamond inotarisisa kufa kwehondo kuOkinawa mu1945, kwete sehuwandu hwevaOkinawans, asi sehuwandu hwemarudzi ose evanhu vanorwisana, kusanganisira vanhu veUnited States, uko hondo yakanga isina kurwisana zvachose. Nezvenhamba iyi, Diamond inofunga kuratidza kuti Hondo Yenyika II yakanga isingapfuuri kupfurikidza nekuita zvechisimba mu "rudzi rusina kusimba" rudzi.
Dhanieri Jona Goldhagen Akanyanya Kuipisisa Kupfuura Hondo: Kuuraya, Kuparadzanisa, uye Kurwisana Kunoitika Pamusoro pevanhu kunotaura kuti kurwisana kunopesana nehondo uye kwakaipisisa kupfuura hondo. Nenzira iyi, anodzikinura zvikamu zvehondo, zvakadai seAmerican firebombing yeJapan kana kuparadza kweNazi, kwete sehondo zvachose. Zvikamu zvehondo izvo zvakasara muboka rehondo zvino zvinonzwisiswa. KuGoldhagen, hondo yeIraq yakanga isiri kuuraya-kuuraya nokuti yakanga yakarurama. I9 / 11 kutambudzwa kwaive kuparadza, pasinei nechechi duku, nokuti isina kururama. Apo Saddam Hussein akauraya Iraqis kwaiva kuponda kwevanhu vakawanda, asi apo United States yakauraya Iraisiti yakanga yakarurama. (Goldhagen haarondedzeri rubatsiro rweUnited States kuHussein pakuuraya Iraqi.)
Goldhagen inotaura kuti hondo inopera inofanira kuva yekutanga pane yekupedzisa kuponda kwevanhu vakawanda. Asi kunze kweavo vekuMadokero mapofu, hondo inoratidzika semhando yekuuraya kwevanhu vakawanda. Hondo, chaizvoizvo, inogamuchirwa, inoremekedzwa, uye yakapararira kupararira kwehuzhinji-kuponda kwakapoteredza. Kuita hondo isingagamuchirwi kunenge iri danho guru mukutungamira nekuita kuuraya kwose kusagamuchirwa. Kuchengetedza hondo munzvimbo iyo "yepamutemo" kunze kwenyika chigadzirisiti chinotsigira kuti kuuraya kwevanhu vakawanda kuchaenderera mberi. Uye kuregeresa zvakawanda zvehondo ipi inosanganisira sevasiri-hondo inokundikana zvikuru mukuita nyaya iyo hondo irikuenda.
"Kune Zvakaipa Munyika"
Mhinduro inowanzoenderana nharo dzekugumisa hondo ndeye. "Aihwa. Nha. Kwete. Iwe unoda kunzwisisa kuti pane zvakaipa munyika. Nyika inzvimbo ine ngozi. Kune vanhu vakaipa munyika. "Uye zvakadaro. Chiito chekutaura ichi chikamu chakajeka chemashoko chinoratidza kubvuma kwakadzama kwehondo semukana wega unogona kugadzirisa kunyika inotambudzika, uye chivimbo chakakwana chokuti hondo haisi icho chaicho chakaipa. Vavengi vehondo havaiti, chokwadi, vanotenda kuti hapana chakaipa munyika. Vanongoisa hondo mukati mechikamu ichocho, kana kwete pamusoro.
Iko kufungidzira kusingafungi kwehondo kunoramba kuchiita hondo. Achikurudzira mutungamiri wenyika, Hillary Clinton akati kana Iran ichatanga kupikisa nyukireya kurwisa Israeri, "aizoparadza zvachose" Iran. Aireva kutyisidzira uku sekudzivisa, akadaro. (Ona vhidhiyo paWarIsCrime.org/Hillary.) Panguva iyoyo, hurumende yeIranian yakati, uye masangano eUnited States ehurumende akati, kuti Iran yakanga isina zvombo zvenyukireya uye kwete hurongwa hwezvombo zvenyukireya. Irani yakanga ine simba renyukireya, yakasundira makumi emakore yapfuura neUnited States. Zvechokwadi, kuparadzana kweErgyte kwechirevo cheIsrael kwaizova kwakaipa sekuparara kweUnited States kweEran. Asi United States inonyatsokwanisa kutora zvombo zvenyukireya kuIran uye yakaramba ichityisidzira kuti iite saizvozvo, pamwe neBush neBlack White Dzimba dzinoratidza rudo rukuru pamutsara unoti "Zvose zvinosarudzwa zviri patafura." Havafanirwi be. Kutyisidzira kwakadaro hakufaniri kuitwa. Kutaura nezvekuparadza marudzi kunofanira kusara shure kwedu. Kutaura kwakadaro kunoita kuti zvive zvakaoma zvikuru kuita rugare, kubatana zvechokwadi nedzimwe nyika, kufambidzana nekusvika kune imwe nzvimbo iyo pasina nyika inofungidzira kuti imwe ichakudziridza chimbo chinotyisa uye chishandise.
The MIC
Vanyori vanoona hondo semagumo, uye sechiitiko chechitatu-nyika, vanotadza kukanganwa zvimwe zvezvikonzero zvakakosha zvehondo, kusanganisira izvo zvakapoteredzwa nemutsara unoti "mauto ezvigadzirwa zvemabhiza." Izvi zvinosanganisira unyanzvi hwevanoparadzira, ruvengo rwakasununguka uye uori hwematongerwe enyika edu, uye kusvibiswa uye kuperevedza kwezvidzidzo zvedu uye zvekuvaraidza uye masangano ekubatana kwevanhu vanoita kuti vanhu vakawanda muUnited States vatsigire uye vamwe vakawanda kuti vashandire hurumende yehondo nguva dzose mukutsva vavengi nevekuwana pasinei makumi emakore -kuratidzwa kwakanyanya kuti hondo yehondo inoita kuti tisanyanya kuchengeteka, inoderedza hupfumi hwedu, inobvisa kodzero dzedu, inoshatisa nzvimbo yedu, inoparadzira mari yedu yekare zvichikwira kumusoro, inoderedza tsika dzedu, uye inopa nyika yakashata kupfuura yose pasi pano zvakashata zvishoma muupenyu , rusununguko, uye kukwanisa kutevera mufaro.
Hapana chimwe chezvinhu izvi hachigoneki, asi hatizovatsigiri kana tikafungidzira nzira yekurarisana ndeyokuisa chido chedu chepamusoro kune vatorwa vokudzokera shure kuburikidza nemabhosi emasumbu uye napalm zvinoreva kudzivirira utsinye hwakaipa.
Mauto ezvigadzirwa zvemabhizimisi ndiro injini inogadzira hondo. Inogona kubviswa kana kuchinjwa, asi haisi kuzorega kugadzira hondo pachayo pasina kukwidza kukuru. Uye haisi kuzorega nokuti tinosvika pakuziva kuti tinoda chaizvo, chaizvoizvo kuchida kuti tidzivise. Basa rinozodiwa.
Makore mashoma akapfuura, National Public Radio yakabvunzurudza mukuru wezvombo. Akabvunzwa kuti aizoitei kana basa rakabudirira rakanyanya reAfghan raifanira kupera, akapindura kuti aitarisira kuti inogona kuva basa reRibhiya. Akanga ari kuseka. Uye haana kuwana chido chake-zvakadaro. Asi majee haabvi pano. Kudai akanga achida kutaura nezvekushungurudza vana kana kuita zvechisarura zvingadai zvisingaiti. Kutamba pamusoro pehondo itsva kunogamuchirwa mumitemo yedu sejoke yakakodzera. Kusiyana neizvi, kuseka hondo semashure uye zvisingadi hazviiti, uye zvinogona kuonekwa sezvisinganzwisisiki, kwete kutaura zvisina kufanira. Tine nzira yakareba yekuenda nayo.

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Muna 2006 tiri paakapiwa rimwe boka kunze kwakavakirwa yedu yedu umbowo mbishi mishonga zvinhu. Kupfuura wazvipa zvakakwana, nechigadziko ichi anogona kupa vamwe hombe Pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, intermediates kumba uye macho vatengi.
We zita ichi kambani Shangai akareba Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd ane kwayo kuzvimirira GMP gwaro kubva akakodzera Authority mu mukugadzira mbishi mishonga zvigadzirwa. It anopindura imwe nzvimbo 47000m 2. Parizvino, in qa, QC uye R & D madhipatimendi ndivo vanovakiswa pamwe kambani. Kune vashandi vanopfuura 150 vari boka, 25% wavo ari R & D netsvimbo. Vashandi dziri zvikuru vakadzidziswa nyanzvi, kusanganisira vamwe MS uye Ph.D. Masayendisiti.


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Tisati taenderera nekudzokorora musimboti wekodzero ye backlink uye chimiro chinowanzoshandiswa seSeO chinangwa, regai nditange nedzimwe tsanangudzo dzinokosha. Taura zviri nyore, backlink yose (kana zvisina kudaro, inbound web link) inoberekwa kana webhusaiti imwe ine URL inotungamirira nzira kuenda kune imwe nzvimbo yechitatu-fane pane imwe nzvimbo paInternet - nenzira yekuita, kana kuwedzera URL. Uye sarudzo yose yezvibvumirano zvakakonzerwa zvakasikwa kuitira webhusaiti inoita purogiramu yakabatana - kyпиTb Toчka дocTyпa wi-fi usb. Nenzira iyo, injini huru yekutsvaga yakafanana neGoogle neBing vari kuishandisa kuti vaone kukosha kwechokwadi, kufanirwa, uye kukosha kwewebsite yega yega kana bhulogi pachiyero. Tichifunga kuti havasi vose vakasikwa vakaenzana, kungobereka backlinks zvisina njodzi nokuda kwekuwanda kwavo kuverengwa hakuzomboiti. Kana zvasvika kune organic link kuvaka SEO chinangwa, chinhu ichocho chete chekubatana kwehutano hwezvinhu, panzvimbo yehuwandu hwavo.
Sezvandakambotaura, havasi vose vanoberekwa vakaenzana. Ndokusaka, tisati tamboita chimwe chinhu, ngatitadzei kusiyana pakati pemhando mbiri dzinotevera dzehutano hwewebhu. Ichokwadi, ivo vanosiyaniswa nehutano hweHTML mumutsetse we backlink, pamwe chete nehuwandu hwehuwandu pane webhusaiti yega yega kubva mumaonero eSEO.


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- musha
- Africa
- Khalifa University
Khalifa University
Khalifa University Details
- nyika : Mubatanidzwa wenyika dzeArab Emirates
- guta : Abu Dhabi
- Acronym : KU
- inotangwa : 2007
- Students (approx.) : 2000
- Musakanganwa kuti kurukura Khalifa University
tsananguro
Khalifa University ndiyo yakazvimirira, asiri Tingawaneiko, coeducational inisitichusheni aitsaurira mu 2007 sesangano Abu Dhabi Government danho. Khalifa University rinotsigirwa nezvinoitwa Brazil hurumende uye aiva zvachose nokuda Emirate pamusoro Abu Dhabi.
With pazvikoro muna Abu Dhabi uye Sharjah, Khalifa University unotsaurirwa kufambisira mberi pakudzidza kuburikidza nokudzidzisa uye kutsvakurudza uye kuti yakawanikwa uye kushandisa ruzivo. Zviri vanoedza kuva pose kuzivikanwa tsvakurudzo yunivhesiti, aine boka nyika nemukurumbira interdisciplinary pakudzidzisa uye kutsvakurudza uye tsika partnering pamwe kutungamirira kwomudzidzi masangano pasi pose.
The University iri modeled kunhivi American hurongwa dzidzo yepamusorosoro uye ari kushingaira kukura remarudzi richikurukura vamwe, fakaroti nhengo, uye zvirongwa zvokutsvakurudza kufambisira mberi muAfrica nemhiri akakodzera pakutsvakurudza uye utsanzi muna Brazil nedunhu takawanda.
The Emirate pamusoro Abu Dhabi akaita atanga nechiratidzo noushingi kuva noutano uye muAfrica nemhiri akakodzera ruzivo upfumi. Ane simba kusimbisa nesayenzi, rwokugadzira uye utsanzi, Khalifa University achaita swatanudza zvayo zvechikoro zvinopiswa, tsvakurudzo zvirongwa uye basa akatibvunzisisa naye yemari kushanduka. Dzakananga Strategic sectors pamusoro Brazil upfumi kuti yunivhesiti iri tichifunga zvayo kuita kumativi vari Information uye Communication Technology (ICT), Aerospace, senga & Logistics, simba & Zvakatipoteredza, Healthcare uye Security.
pari zvino, Khalifa University anonyora pamusoro 1300 vadzidzi kudzidza akawanda swa mapurani zvirongwa, zvose izvo dzave abvumirwa neShumiro Dzidzo Yepamusoro, Brazil.
Khalifa University wakazvipikira kuna kupa Emirate pamusoro Abu Dhabi, ari Brazil, yemunharaunda nyika zvikuru vanokwanisa mainjiniya, technologists uye masayendisiti, inokwanisa mipiro zvikuru kuti Brazil sevatungamiri uye innovators pamusoro indasitiri uye vanhu.
Schools / mumakoreji / madhipatimendi / Courses / mano
Khalifa University zvinowanika 8 Rokutenderwa madhigirii kuburikidza ayo College Engineering:
- Aerospace Engineering
- anorapa achishandisa mitemo Engineering
- Civil Engineering
- Communication Engineering
- Computer Engineering (pamwe Opsioneel wevasungwa muna Software Systems)
- Electrical uye Electronic Engineering (pamwe Opsioneel wevasungwa muna Power Systems)
- Industrial uye Systems Engineering
- zvokuimba Engineering
Pane 7 dhigirii zvirongwa okudzidza pasi College of Engineering uye Institute of International & Civil Security:
- International uye Civil Security
- Information Security
- Electrical uye Computer Engineering
- zvokuimba Engineering
- Nuclear Engineering
- Research mu Engineering (Electrical uye Computer)
- Engineering (pamwe kusarudza kuti dzidzira muna Electrical uye Computer, Mechanical, Aerospace, anorapa achishandisa mitemo, Nuclear, kana Robotics Engineering)
History
Pakutanga yakatangwa 1989 sezvo Etisalat College of Engineering (ECE), kuchikoro chikuru kembasi yakavakwa muna Sharjah, uye nechinangwa kuwanisa Emirates Telecommunications Corporation (Etisalat) pamwe yemazuva ano akadzidziswa vashandi.
Khalifa University kuti mutungamiri pari, Tod A. Laursen, akagadzwa August 2010. ave 2013, KU fakaroti netsvimbo vachibva pamusoro 40 nyika, uye muviri wayo mudzidzi ari pose siyana uye co-dzidzo.
Unoda kurukura Khalifa University ? chero mubvunzo, Mashoko kana wongororo
Share ichi chinobatsira Info neshamwari dzako
Khalifa University wongororo
Join kukurukura pamusoro Khalifa University.
Ndapota onai: EducationBro Magazine unokupa kugona kuverenga Info pamusoro mumayunivhesiti pa 96 mitauro, asi tinokukumbirai kuremekedza vamwe nhengo uye kusiya mashoko ari Chirungu.


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© Musakope minamato iyi nechinangwa chokutsvagisa mari musina kukumbira mvumo
Mwari we-e, ndinorwara, handifari, asi ndinoda kutanga kukutendai pamusana pezvinhu zvose zvandinazvo, nyangwe ndichirwara. Ndinogona kuterera nokunzwa, ndinogona kutaura, ndinogona kufunga, ndinogona kunamata, ndine nguva zhinji yokunamata.
Nyangwe zvakadaro, Mwari baba, handigoni kugara ndisingabatsirwi nemi.
Mundichengete kuti ndifare, nyangwe kangave kashomanana hako:
Nditi fakanya, nyangwe ndichirwara. Musaite kuti nditsamwe nokutuka nokukumbira zvinhu zvose kuna vamwe.
Mundibatsire kuti ndikutendei pamusana pezvinhu zvose zvandinoitirwa navamwe vanhu, vanondibatsira. Komborerai varapi navanhu vose, vane hanya neni; muvabatsire kuti vawane mitoo yokundiporesa.
Chengetaiwo mwoyo wangu nomweya wangu, kuti ndisarase rupenyu rusingaperi, rwamakandipa kuti ndive narwo narini.
Mariya,Mai makapfava, tarirai kwatiri isu varwere varombo. Imi makasarudzirwa pagomo reKarivari nyasha guru guru ramarwadzo.
Isu takasarudzawo.
Saizvozvo tinoda kuzadzisa marwadzo aJesu Kristo, tichiitira muviri wake kireke.
Saka tinozvipira isu namatambudziko edu.
Muzviise paatari yemuchinjikwa yoMwana wenyu zvive wokuripira dzedu.
Mai vamarwadzo, gamuchirai kuzvipira kwedu uku. Simbisai chitarisiro chomwoyo yedu kuti sezvatinogoverana mumarwadzo aJesu Kristo zvino nomurupenyu rusingaperi.
Kunamatira murwere
Mwari muna masimba ose, mupi woupenyu, dodzokerariwo simba kumuranda wenyu kuti agokushumirai nomuviri wakasimba. Imi murapi mukuru, tirapireiwo hama yedu sokurapa kwamakamboita vana venyu vaya vamaperembudzi.
Ipaiwo murwere uyu mwoyo unotenda kana abatsirwa nomwoyo unotirira marwadzo kuti agone kupira kurwara uku kwamuri nomuna Kristo Tenzi Muponesi wedu.
Kana kuti
Baba, tarirai netsitsi mwana wenyu anotambura nokurwadziwa.
Mupei kuti anaye sokuda kwenyu.
Musimbisei, musimudzei.
Tinoziva kuti hamuna kutikanganwa, zvamakatipa kutambura.
Dururai Mweya wenyu mumwoyo yedu, nokuti ndiye Mweya wesimba nowenyaradzo.
Kuda kwenyu ngakuitwe.
Mutiratidze kuti muri padyo nesu.
Kunamatira Mwana anorwara
Jesu, imi munoda vana, tinokumbira kwamuri nokuzvininipisa
Kuti mutarire netsitsi mwana uyu anorwara, wakabhabhatidzwa mizita renyu,
Anodikanwa nesu zvikuru.
Mumutsei nesimba renyu, agoraramira imi, akudze imi nokuita mufambiro wakanaka pakati pavanhu.


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Munamato wokukumbira rugare waPapa Riyo vegumi nenhatu
Tenzi, imi munoona kusimuka kwematutu emhepo ine simba kwose kwose, uye kusadzikama kwenyanza nokuda kwamasaisai nomutsindo mukuru unotyisa.
Tenzi, ndimi moga munogona; Tinokutetererai kuti munyaradze dutu remhepo uye nyanza, mudzorere munhu rugare rwechokwadi rwezita renyu.
Rugare rwusingagoni kupiwa nenyika, uye runyararo mukugarisana nokunzwanana. Nomwoyochena uye rubatsiro rwenyu, dzorai munhu kuurongwa hwenyu. Kundai utongi hwamakaro, mudzorerezve sezvazvakafanira, rudo rwaMwari, ruenzaniso, kudanana sehama nehama nokuzvibata muzvishuvo zvose. Umambo hwenyu ngausvike.
Itai kuti zvinhu zvose zvizive kuti zvinotongwa nemi uye zvinofanira kukuitirai imi chokwadi noruponeso; pasina imi, tinoshandira pasina.
Mumutemo wenyu mune runzwisiso nemutsa wababa. Munogara muri pedyo kuti musimbaradze nokubatsira munhu nesimba renyu guru, kuchengeta mitemo yenyu.
Upenyu pano pasi ihondo, asi imi munotarisa kurwa uku muine chinangwa chokuti munhu akunde. Munosimudzira ndonda, muchipawo mubairo kune vakundi. Amen.
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Munamato wechitendero waPapa Pauro vechitanhatu
Tenzi ndinotenda
Ndinoda kutenda mamuri.
Tenzi itai kuti ndikudei zvizere uye zvakaperera,
Kutenda kwangu ngakusvike kupfungwa dzangu,
nzira dzandinogamuchira zvinhu zvinoera uye zvinhu zvavanhu.
Tenzi itai kuti kukudai kwangu kuve nomufaro, mugopazve mweya wangu rugare norudekaro, ungoda bedzi kunamata Mwari nokutendeutsa vanhu,
Kuti rudekaro rwomukatikati, upfumi hwemweya wangu huonekwe mune zvinoera nomukutaura kwose.
Tenzi itai kuti ndizvidukupise mukutenda uye ndisakurumidze kutongera vamwe nokuziva kwangu bedzi, maonero kana mafungiro;
Asi ndizviturire kuchapupu chaMweya Mutsvene, uye ndisave nechimwe chinotsigira chingapinda kugamuchira ndisingakononi, tsika nedzidziso zvinopiwa neSangano Dzvene. Amen.
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Munamato wokukumbira rugare waPapa Johani XXIII Mutsvene
Tenzi Jesu Kristu, munodaidzwa kunzi Mambo WoRugare,
Imizve ndimi rugare noruwadzanisi pachenyu, munogaroti:
“Rugare ngaruve nemi”, tipeiwo rugare.
Itai vanhurume navanhukadzi vose zvapupu zvechokwadi, ruenzaniso norudo sehama nehama.
Vhenekerai vatungamiri vedu kuti vachengetedze nokudzivirira chipo chikuru chorugare.
Itai kuti vanhu pasi rose vagarisane sehama nehama.
Chishuvo chorugare ngachitumbuke chitekeshere nokutonga pamusoro pedu nguva dzose. Amen.
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Munamto waPauro Mutsvene wokutsvaga ungwaru norunzwisiso
Handizorori kutenda Mwari pamusana penyu ndichikuyeukai muminamato yangu ndichiti; Dai Mwari waTenzi wedu Jesu Krist, Baba vembiri vangokupai Mweya woungwaru anozarurira vanhu kuti mumuzive uye kuti mwoyo yenyu ivhenekerwe kuti muzive chitarisiro chaakakudanirai uye upfumi hwenhaka inomukurumbira inowanikwa navatsvene. Uye hakusi kukura ikoko kwakaita simba rake matiri isu tinotenda sokushanda kwakaita simba rake guru raakashandisa munaKristu paakamumutsa kuvakafa akaita kuti agare kurudyi rwake kunzvimbo dzokumatenga.
Kristu akaiswa pamusoro pavose zvavo vane ukuru ukuru, pamusoro pamadzishe navabati vezvigaro uye pamusoro pavane umambo, akapiwawo zita rine mukurumbira kupfuura mazita ose pasi pano nokudenga. Mwari akaisawo zvinhu zvose pasi petsoka dzake, akamuita musoro wezvinhu zvose musangano riri iro muviri wake rinomuzadzisa iye azere pasi pose muna zvose. Amen.
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Munamato waSitefani Mufiri wechitendero Mutsvene
Mwari muzere norudo,
Sitefani Mutsvene aive umwe
wevashandiri venyu vokutanga muSangano.
Vapositori vakamunamatira vakaisa maoko avo paari
pamwe navamwe vatanhatu
kuti vaite basa
rokuzogovera zvokudya kuvarombo nechirikadzi.
Utsvene hwake hwaionekwa zvokuti paaiparidza
Uso hwake hwaipenya souso hwavatumwa.
Ndinokumbirira nokwaari, ava vose
vakadaidzwa kuupenyu hwokushanda samadhikoni.
Tenzi, vabatsirei kuti vave chiratidzo chorudo rwenyu
mumasangano avanogara nokushanda,
uye pasi rose.
Vakomborerei nomuono webasa ravo,
vawane chido nokusaneta mukushandira vamwe.
Sitefani Mutsvene, tireverereiwo.
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Munamato waFranzisi Zevhiya Mutsvene
Mwari musina mugumo, musiki wazvose, yeukai kuti imi moga ndimi makasika mweya yavasingatenderi, muchivaita mumufananidzo wenyu kuti vatodzane nemi. Zvino Tenzi onai kusaremekedzwa kwamunoitwa nokuwira kwavazhinji vavo mugehena. Tenzi yeukai kuti Mwanakomana wenyu Jesu Kristu akateura ropa rake achivatambudzikira. Tenzi musabvumira kuti Mwanakomana wenyu arambe asingazivikanwi navasingatendi, asi norubatsiro rwaVatsvene venyu uye rweSangano renyu rinova ndiro mwenga woMwanakomana wenyu, rangarirai tsitsi dzenyu, muvakanganwire kunamata kwavo zvifananidzo nokusatenda mamuri. Tenzi vaitei kuti vazive iye wamakatuma, Mwanakomana wenyu Jesu Kristu muponesi wedu, upenyu nokumuka kwedu. Nomaari takaponeswa nokudzikinurwa, mbiri yose ndeyake zvino nokusingaperi. Amen.
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Tenzi Jesu, ndihwandiseiwo murondo roMwoyo Mutsvene wenyu. Ndisunungurei mukushuvira kuda kudiwa nokukwidziridzwa.
Ndidzivirirei mukuita kwakaipa kwokuedza kuzvitsvagira pachangu mbiri norukudzo. Ndigonesei kuzvidukupisa kusvikira ndava kamberevere murimi romoto worudo rwoMwoyo Mutsvene wenyu. Ndipeiwo nyasha ndigone kuzviramba uye kuramba zvinhu zvose zvapasi.
Jesu, makanakisa kupfuura mazwi edu, sandurai nyaradzo yose yenyika kuti isandinakire.
Jesu wangu, zuva roruenzaniso, vhenekerai njere nehana yangu nemiranzi yenyu inoera. Chenesai mwoyo wangu, mundimedze mumoto worudo rwenyu rwunondiita ndive mumwechete nemi. Amen.
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text:
Mainini vakabikira babamunini datya
Maiguru vaigara nababamudiki, bofu. Zvino rimwe zuva maiguru ava vakabika hove. Pavaida kupakura vakaona kuti hove paizoshota yemunhu mumwe chete. Saka mumoyo mavo vakati rega ndibikire babamunini umwe muriwo. Sezvo vasingaoni, havazozivi kuti vamwe vadya nehove. Vari mushishi kuti vobikirei babamunini, vakaona dafi kwakuriuraya ndokubva vabikira babamunini vavo. Pakupakura mundiro dzevamwe, vakaisa hove asi mundiro yababamunini bofu vakaisa datya.
Babamunini pakudya vakaseva muto wedafi vachibva vakanda mukanwa ndokutsenga nokumedza. ZVinoita sokunge muto wedatya wakabva wanosvinudza maziso avo. Vakakwakuka nemufaro ndokudaidzira, ‘Maiguru ndavakuona.’ Zvikanzi, ‘Maoneiko,’ namaiguru. Babamunini ndokuti ‘Pandangodya muto uyu maziso angu avhurwa. Ndiri kutoona kuti vamwe vari kudya nehove ini ndine dafi. Ah! Maiguru maita basa marapa maziso angu.’
Vadikani paunoitirwa chakaipa ziva kuti chikomborerochaunenge uchipiwa naMwari. Maiguru vakaita chakaipa asi vakaropafadzisa babamunini. Kubanha dafi kuriyambutsa. Saka ndinoti kwamuri ivai nomufaro bedzi kana muchipinda mukuedzwa, muchiziva kuti miedzo iripo kuitira kuti mutsungirire panaShe wedu.
Dzidziso: Miedzo, utsinye, makomborero.
Tamuka anowedzera kukura poto asingawedzere mvura
Tamuka aigara nambuya vake. Yakati yasvika nguva yokubika, iye ndokugadza poto yevanhu vaviri. Isati yamboti yadii, ‘gogogoi,’ pakasvika vaenzi vaviri. Mbuya vakamuti achiisa poto yavanhu vana, akaita saizvozvo. Pasina nguva pakasvika vamwe vanhu vatatu. Mbuya vakarairazve, mwanasikana akagadza poto yavanhu vanomwe.
Hapano sadza raibva, chakashamisa ndechokuti raingokwana vanhu vaviri bedzi. Chii chakanga chaitika? Musikana aingochinja poto chete asi asingawedzeri mvura!
Zvino hoyo mubvunzo kwauri mutendi, nhasi uno. Hausi kungoshandura dzikereke navafundisi uchipedza nyika here asi usiri kuwedzera kunamata kwako? Haisi nyaya yekuchinja poto chete asi zviri mukati mepoto?
Shanduko ngaitangire mumoyo mako!
Dzidzo: kushandisa pfungwa, kushandura unhu, kusandura maitiro.
Hwindi nemwana vanotsvaga nzvimbo yechikoro
Hwindi anoenda pachikoro nemwana wake pachikoro chepadyo kunotsaga nzvimbo yegiredhi yokutanga. Mukuru wechikoro anoti ‘Ndine urombo pakazara.’ Mwana anobva azevezera achiti ‘Dhedhi, vaudzei kuti ndinodzidza ndiri pakadoma.’
Kundiso
Shadhireki, Misheki naAbhedhinigo havana kunamata kuti moto usabatidzwe. Minamato yavo yaisava yokuti dambudziko risauye asi yokuti moto ngaubatidzwe, Mwari vagoonekwa mukati mawo. Ini hangu handinamati kuti ndisasangana namatambudziko muupenyu asi ndinoti ‘Pakuuya kwamatambudziko Tenzi onekwai.’ Dhanyeri haana kuita munamato wokuti shumba dzife kana kuti asakandwe mugomba asi akati Tenzi nemugomba imomo mune shumba simba renyu ngarionekwe.
Vanhu vangakukanda mumakomba, vangakurongera zvakaipa asi tina Tenzi anozviratidza. Vakakukanda ivavo ndivo vachakuburitsa muzita raJesu.
Pauro naSirasi, vasungwa, vari mujeri; havana kuita minamato yokuti majeri aondomoke asi vakangorumbidza Mwari pamwechete nekuimba nziyo.
Hapana dambudziko rine simba rekukuchemedza. Kuti bara riende mberi tiriga inofanira kudhonzerwa shureNyange muupenyu hwako, kuti utonhe nhano nhatu dzekuenda mberi zvinogona kutora nhanho imwehete yokudzokera shure. Kunyange dombo rerekeni kuti riende mberi rinotanga radhonzerwa kumashure. Kubva nhasi ziva kuti chese chichakudhonzera kumashure chinenge chichitokupa simba rekuenda mberi. Hapana chichakuwisira pasi. Uchazanzisa zvinangwa zvako. Uchakunda muupenyu. Uri mukundi. Zvinouya ngazviuye asi Tenzi achakukundisa mazviri zvose muzita raJesu.
Jaya remubhucha nechidhakwa Chidhakwa chakapinda mubhucha ndokuti tanga kutaura nejaya raivemo:
Chidhakwa: Huku imarii mfana?
Jaya: Tinoisa pachikero toona kuti imarii?
Chidhakwa: Ndiisire huku yose.
Jaya rakaenda seri kufiriji ndokuona inga kwasara huku imwechete yakazara. Akaitora ndokusvikoiisa pachikero:
Jaya: Yaita $6 mdhara. Chidhakwa: Yaita diki, tsvaga zihombe pane dzese.
Jaya rakatora huku iya ndokudzokera nayo richinyepedzera kunge ririkunotora yakati kurei. Akadzoka nehuku imwecheteyo ndokuiisa pachikero:
Jaya: Zvaita Mdhara, huku iyi yaita $7,50.
Chidhakwa: Huku dzako idiki mfana. Zvisinei, chindipa dzose dziri mbiri
CHokwadi chichakusunungura!
Dzidziso: chokwadi, nhema, utsotsi, kuvimbika.
Ziva maitiro anodiwa pakafanira
Mwana akatengerwa bhutsu dzakakurisa kuna baba vacho kuti bhutsu ihombe, asi baba vacho vakati, ‘Usazvinetsa, unoisa matishu kana kuti mapepa kumberi.’ MWana akaita saizvozvo zvikashanda. Pava paya mwana akatengera mudhara
wake mapata-pata akakurisa zvikanzi nababa, ‘Hauone here kuti handikwane mapata-pata aya?’ mwana ndokuti, ‘Musazvinetsa baba, munoisa matishu kana kuti mapepa kumberi.’ Dzimwe nguva pane nzira dzatinoshandisa tichibudirira, asi dzigotadza kushanda pane dzimwe nguva nezvimwe zviitiko.
Hadzizi shangu dzese dzinoiswa matishu kana mapepa. Ziva pokutsanya, pamwe panoda kuti uendese girosari kuna baba namai vako. Ziva pokunamata, kumwe kunetsana kunoda kuongorora matauriro aunoita, mapinduriro aunoita mumwe wako. ZIva maitiro okushandisa pakafanira.
Iva noungwaru hwokunzwisisa mhinduro inodiwa. Ziva chipanera chinomononnora bhaudhi rauri kuda kwete kuti chipanera chebhasikoro ndicho chinokumura mabhaudhi epavhiri regonyeti!


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© Musakope mharidzo iyi musina mvumo
Vakuru vanoti hapana zuru risina nyoka. Hapana munhu asina chinongo muupenyu hwake. Tingati pane vane munyama vane unhu hwavo hunobuda pachena kwoita vane rombo rakanaka vasingafumurwe zviito zvavo. Mubhishopu Fulton Sheen vakashanyira rimwe jeri ndokutaura navasungwa vakanga vakaungana vachiti, ‘Musiyano uripo pakati pangu nemi ndowekuti imi makabatwa ini handina kubatwa.’ Bhishopu vakanga vasingakurudzire kuti vanhu vapare mhosva kana vasingabatwi asi vaisimbisa kuti vazhinji tine rombo rakanaka rokuti zvitadzo zvedu hazvina kufumurwa.
Kune imwe parishi kune vamwe mai vekwaya vaipomerwa mhosva yokudanana navarume vavanhu. Mai ava vakagarirwa dare namamwe madzimai epaparishi ndokukwevewa voendwa navo kuna baba vezvomweya. Vanhu vakataura zvakawanda. Vamwe ndovakati ngaakururwe bachi, vamwe vakati ngaabviswe mukwaya, vamwe ngaabviswe pazvigaro zvose. Vamwe vakatoti ngaadzingwe pachechi. Mai ava vakadaidzwa namazita akawanda, vakashungurudzwa zvikuru.
Mupriste akati atanga kutonga nyaya iyi, ndokupa mai vaya mukana wokutaura. Vapiwa mukana wokutaura vakati ‘Baba, ini mhosva yangu handisi kuiramba. Makasununguka kuita zvamunoda neni. Asi musati mandiranga ndinoda kuratidza simba randinaro rokuti muti womumango udyarwe uchimera, kukura nokubereka michero nezuva rimwechete. Mhodzi yomuti uyu inofanira kudyarwa nemunhu asina kumbobvira aita mhosva yakafanana neyangu.’ Baba vezvomweya vakati pakanaka chiregai mai mukuru vave ivo vanotanga kudyara mbeu muti uyu. Mai mukuru vakaramba vakati ini ndine dzandakapara. Chisveru chakaiswa pamutungamiri wekwaya asi akaramba achiti ndine dzangu. Vakatenderedzana vose mumwe nemumwe pakashaya akakwanisa kudyara muti uyu nokuti vose aive netwavo! Pokupedzisira vakaona kuti vose vatadzi asi zvomudzimai uyu ndizvo zvakanga zvabuda pachena.
Tose tiri vatadzi. Shoko Rakanaka harisi kuti regai vanotadza vachitadza, musavabvunze. Shoko raMwari riri kuti tinofanira kushandura mafungiro edu kana takatarisana navanhu vane mhosva dzavo. Hanzi pana VaGaratiya 6:1, ‘Kana mumwe wenyu akanganisa , imi vanamati … mudzorei zvakapfava zvinyoro’ Muchidimbu hazvisi kunzi musadzorane asi kuti musave vatongi venhema. Tsika yakadai yakaipa sezvatiri kuona muShoko Rakanaka.
Vatongi venhema havana mwoyo, havakendengi kuti mumwe anonzwa sei. Tanzwa nezvevarume vakuru vari kuweva mukadzi mukuru asina kusimira, vachifamba naye mumasendiraini, vopinda naye muchechi muzere vanhu vomumisa mberi akadaro, vomupomera mhosva vachimufumura namazwi ari pamusoro. Havana hanya kuti mudzimai uyu ari kunzwa sei. Havanei nechimiro chake mumaraini – havana mwoyo.
Vatongi venhema havana mutsigo. Vanoda kutaura chaizvo nezvemutemo, kuti mutemo watyorwa. Hanzi mutemo unotidzidzisa kuti vakadzi vakadai vanofanira kutakwa namatombo. Asi tinoziva kuti inhema. Mutemo haudaro. Mutemo unoti murume nomukadzi vanobatwa nemhosva yakadai vanekodzero yokuendeswa kudare vaine zvapupu. Asi vanoenda vose, kwete mukadzi chete. Zvino tinoona kuti vanonyepa nokuti murume vamusiya, haana kutiza nokuti havana kudaro, vamuregera achienda ndokuti sika-sika nemukadzi uyu.
Jesu anovaonesa kusviba kwomwoyo wavo nounyengedzi hwavo. Vanonyara voenda mumwe nemumwe kusvikira Jesu asara nomudzimai uyu vari vaviri. Anotendeukira kumudzimai oti enda zvako asi usatadze zvekare. Chinangwa chaJesu hachisi chokumukurudzira kuita zvakaipa, asi hachisi chokumupa mhosva. Chinangwa chake hachisi chokumufumura. Chaanongoda ndechekuti mudzimai uyu atendeuke, awanirwe nyasha, aregererwe. Hanzi ainyora muvhu kureva kuti anonyora matadzo muvhu maanopupurutswa nemhepo kwete padombo.
Jesu anotaura nomudzimai uyu norupfave. Vanhu vose vane mwoyo ndozvavanoita. Tinozviona pana Nathani. Dhavhiti akapara rutadzo rukuru. Asi Nathani haana kumufumura. Akaenda kwaari akamubudira pachena, akamutsiura. Dhavhiti atendeuka nokukumbira ruregerero, Nathani akamuregerera muzita raMwari. Chinangwa chake chaisava chokupa mhosva asi chaiva chokudzora murudo, chokuitira nyasha.
Isu tiri vanhu vakaita sei? Takafanana nomudzimai uyu here anopomerwa mhosva? Takafanana navatongi venhema here vanopa vamwe mhosva? Kana kuti takafanana naJesu anerupfave? Pane vamwe pakati pedu vazere noufarisiya. Vanhu vanodhonza vamwe vachivaendesa kunababa vezvomweya kana kunana mai mukuru vachiti nhingi ane mhosva dzake dzakawandisa. Variko vari pamapoka eWatsapu vanogarotumira mhosva dzavamwe. Kupomerana kurimo mudzimba: mudikani wangu akazodai, mudikani wangu wangu anotambisa mari, mwana wangu haanzwi.
Nhasi ngatitendeukei. Ngativavarire kusava vatongi venhema. Vanhu vanotonga vamwe pamusoro pounaku hwavo, urema hwavo, ruvara rwavo, basa ravo, kana zvikanganiso zvavo.
Ngativavarire kusava vatongi venhema vanotuka, vanogodora, vanotsoropodza, vanonyomba, vane makuhwa vanotaura zvoruvengo. Ngative vanhu vanotaura zvakanaka zvoga pamusoro pavamwe:
Rwiyo: ‘Tifunge zvakanaka zvoga, tiite zvakanaka zvoga…’
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Aiteerera
Josefa Mutsvene akaita kuda kwaMwari kwoupenyu hwake hwose. Mutumwa waMwari paakauya kwaari, achimuudza shoko rakaoma rokuti mudiwa wake Maria achapona Mwanakomana ivo vasati vazivana, Josefa akabvuma kutora Maria somudzimai wake. Josefa akateererawo paakanzi atungamirire mhuri yake kudiaspora kuIjipita kuitira kuti mwana asauraiwe naHerodhi akanga avamba kuuraya tusvava twose muBheterehema. Josefa akateererawo zvekare paakanzi chidzokera kuIziraeri. Haana kumbonyunyuta kuti mava kundimbeyesa.
Kangani katinotadza kuteerera Mwari nokuda kwokuzvikudza nokuzvitungamidza?
Aisazvifunga
Pana Josefa tinoona murume aifunga mhuri yake yaMaria naJesu nokuvariritira asingangozvifunga iye pachake. Aitora nguva nemhuri yake munzvimbo yeNazareta. Mhuri yake yaikurira mumusha wakanaka. Musha wakanaka chipo. Musha wakanaka una baba vakanaka igomborero. Hanzi nomumwe, ‘Baba vakanaka vanodarika chiuru chemaheadmaster.’ Baba vakanaka vane zvitarisiro zvine musoro uye zvinozadzisika kuvana vavo.
Kuzvipira kwake kumhuri yake muenzaniso wakanaka chose kunana baba vose zvikuru vanobvumidza zvinhu zvapasi pano kuvatsautsa pamhuri dzavo.
Aitungamira noruenzaniso
Hapana shoko rimwe zvaro rakataurwa naJosefa rakanyorwa muBhaibheri. Tinongonzwa pamusoro pezviito zvake chete kuti aive murume ane ruenzaniso, ane rudo nemhuri yake uye akatendeka kumhuri yake. Kazhinji tinofunga kuti chikuru kutaura, uye mashoko ndiwo anoshandura zvinhu tisingazivi kuti vanhu vanotarira zviito zvedu. Ngatiitei saJosefa anorangarirwa pamusoro pezviito zvake zvakanaka kwete mashoko akashama.
Aiva mushandi
Josefa akararama openyu nhando. Aiva muvezi achizviraramira nebasa rake rokuveza. Ainzwisisa nharaunda yaaigara. Ainzwisisa matambudziko avanhu vaaigara navo. Akadzidzisawo Jesu kukosha kwekushandisa maoko ake.
Isu nevavariro yedu yokuti ana vedu vabudirire vararame upenyu hwakanaka dzimwe nguva hativapi mukana wokunzwisisa matambudziko oupenyu hwakavakomberedza. Tinovavarira kuvapa dzidzo yapamusoro, zvokuti dzimwe nguva havafi vakaziva kutamburira dzidzo kunoita vamwe (tinovaendesa kunyika dzokunze. Ikoko dzimwe nguva vanoenda vasinganzwisisi tsika namagariro avo). Tinovavarira kuvapa chokudya chakanakisisa zvokuti dzimwe nguva havazivi nezvenzara iri mudzimhuri dzakavakomberedza. Tinoda kuvaitira zvakanaka zvose zvokuti dzimwe nhambo havanzwisisi kutambura kuti munyika. Rimwe zuva vachaita saMarie Antoinette mambokadzi wokuFrance.
Vanhu zvavairatidzira vachiita mhirizhonga mbambokadzi akabvunza kuti bongozozo raiva rei akanzi, ‘Vanoda chingwa.’ Iye ndokupindura achiti, ‘Kana vasina chingwa vapei nyama.’ Mambokadzi vairarama upenyu hwemutambaratede zvokuti vakatadza kunzwisisa kuti sei vamwe vari kuchema nhamo.
Isu savana baba tinofanira kudzidza kubva pana Josefa kuti basa ramaoko rakakosha. Ngatishandisei maoko edu kuitira kuti mbiri yaMwari iendeswe mberi uye kuitira kuti mhuri dzedu dzirarame.
Aiva mutungamiri
Hutungamiri hwaJosefa hwasiyana nehwatinoziva. Akatungamirira mhuri yake norudo sezvatinoona paakatsvagira Maria imba yokuponera Jesu mushure mokunge vashaiswa nzvimbo mune mamwe mahotera emuBheterehema. Akatungamira mhuri yake kuti ive nechitendero kuburikidza nokuteerera Mwari munazvose zvikuru sei kugamuchira Maria, kuenda nokudzoka kuIjipita. Akatungamira mhuri yake kuti izvishandire kuburikidza nokuishandira achiipa chokudya nopokurara. Akatungamirira Jesu nokumudzidzisa kushandisa maoko nokuzviraramira.


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Hapana anoruramisa vavariro dzitarisire Blog, kana uchifunga zvayo raifanira kushandiswa mashandiro.
The nyora mamaneja “pambiru”, izvo kazhinji vari vachiwedzera kuomera kuunza pfungwa uye, zvinotarisirwa, per ottenere copiosi “mashoko” izvo zvinoumba inoremekedzwa, zvinhu mubayiro kuti kuona kubudirira Blog. Zvakataurwa extenders, Iyewo, kuwana mamwe mashoko, setifaya pachavo kukosha yavo mhando “chepiramidhi” kuremekedzwa.
Uye shamwari vepachokwadi sedziri, nyora kazhinji, Ivo vangada kuti “mashoko” fioccassero zhinji, nokudaro kupinda pachavo vari pfungwa nhamba kuti zvichida akanga agara nokungwarira kudziviswa, uye vari munyaya penga kukakavara vatorwa (vachimunetsa kunyange chaivo).
Vamwe vanoonekwa kupikisa mafungiro avo pachena pasina mukana yevagari uye yakarurama kuenzanisa yakavakirwa kwazvo uye kunozivikanwa nokufumura pachinzvimbo pfupi namagwatidziro (kana nyore majee), uye ipapo vanonzwa vakasiyiwa shamwari chete, kuvabatsira avo chikamu.
Saka hazvina kuoma kurasikirwa neshamwari chaidzo (rakapotsa kana kwete) E, panguva imwe chete, kutenga vazhinji zvevashanyi akakwezva chete kwenguva duku kuitika uye tariro vachiveza panze duku nzvimbo ruzivo.
Kutaura zvazviri, regulars kazhinji ndanzwawo kuti zita, kumira panze kuti kukwanisa kushandisa, sokunge, simba yomunzvimbo feudal ishe diki, zvokuti kupfuura simba Mamaneja (kana anomanikidza) uye godo kuzvionera kwavo vanowanzotevedzera chaivharidzira navo zvisingadzoreki, uye anonzi “rimi” (kusawirirana inosvitswa kutukana uye mazhinji mhirizhonga, ukatakata itirana kutukwa) Ivo vakanyudzwa, dzimwe nguva nesimba kunyange kunyanyisa .
Mukupera Pakadai Blog kunova muenzaniso kubhoekana: coralmente kana kupiswa Il “horodha” uye zvishoma.
Asi zvose zvavanoda kuratidza penya, ziva, vakamhan'arira, vakadzidza uye vamwe kunyange akazaruka uye muchitonhorera.
Kana kupindira ndivo vainyanya zvikuru pfupi asi pane nguva yokufunga nezvazvo zvichikwira: ari Blog ndiyo apotheosis pamusoro '”mweya pamasitepisi”.
ichi, kwechinguva ikozvino, Hakusi Blog asi rakapotsa mudhirowa, aine fefeta zvazvingava discontinuous kutambudza (zvechokwadi) uye musingaitirani nharo kutambudza etrogenei (pamwe) kuwanikwa mipiro vane zvinodiwa zvakasiyana siyana,asi ane (shamisa?) congenialità.
Ndicho chikonzero I dzadzimwa (asi kwete zvachose) mashoko ose (munenge 500) akagamuchira mukufamba kwemakore oparesheni “chinja”.
Mhinduro havana kudaro kushingaira, asi izvozvo hazvirevi kuti haugoni kuwana nomufaro pfupi kana refu mumagwaro chero mhando (Via e vasiri Blog) kuti vanogona ichibudiswa, uye nomufaro hatigoni kukurukura voga upi pambiru pamwe vaverengi vanofarira.


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Ndeipi nzira yakarurama yekudzoka shure kwegore re2016, kunyanya kubva pakuona kwe SEO? Ndinotenda kuti ikozvino, nzira yakanakisisa yekugadzirisa kushandiswa kwekuvakiridzira iri kuita nokungwara kuitira kuti zvinhu zvose zvive zvakasimba uye zvinyatsogadziriswa. Mazhinji SEOs uye nyanzvi webmasters vanotenda kuti kuva nekudzoka kwekudzoka kwekunze kusimbisa maitiro ose ekugadzirwa kwemasikati uye ekubatanidza kungava kiyi yekufambisa SEO zvakanakisisa nenzira yakwanisika ne backlinks muna 2016. Ndinoreva kuti hapana maitiro ose ekutsvaga Engine Engine Optimization ne 100% yakavimbiswa uye chero zviitiko zvinogoneka zvingatarisirwa panzvimbo yako yekutsvaga mamiriro ekutsvaga kwenguva refu.
Dzivisa kusawirirana
Zvakanaka, chinhu chimwe chete chatingaita - Ndinofanira kubvuma - ndechokubvisa kusashandisa nzira ipi zvayo isingatendwi uye isina kuvimbika of link link. Ndinoreva kuti unofanira kugara uchinge wafunga kaviri usati waita kunyange kune vose avo vangobva kubuda maitiro anowanzoita mu SEO, zvisinei kuti vanovimbisa sei vangaona kutarisa kwekutanga. Saka, iwe zviri nani kukanganwa nezve "izvozvi", zvakadaro, kunze kwekuti iwe uri kuita zvakasimba uye watova nekunzwisisa zvakajeka - chaizvoizvo zvauri kuda kuita uye nekuda kwechinangwa chei - iu avene. Kunyange zvakadaro, ndinotenda kuti anenge munhu wese anokwanisa kuwana chigumuchirwe chekuvaka pakusimbisa kwakananga kwewebsite kana blog. Ndinoreva kuti pane zvikoro zvekare-zvekare uye zvinoshandiswa-zvinowanikwa shure kwekudzokera shure muna 2016, kunyange pasina kubhadhara boka reSEOs rakanyatsozivikanwa kana webmasters rakanaka rinoshandiswa mumabhizimisi kwemakore. Pasi pandinenge ndichinyatsotsvaga maitiro angu epamusoro-maitiro uye maonero akajeka kwatingazotanga kuvaka zvivako zvekuvandudza SEO yako pachiyero.
Shandisai Link Yenyu Pfupi
Ngatitorei zvishoma - zvese zvinowanikwa zvinogona kugoverwa mu "zvikamu zviviri". Taura zviri nyore, zvinhu zvose zvinowanzoenderana nezvinobva uye nguva yakakodzera yekutanga kuvakudza pasina kutarisa kusvibiswa kubva pakuona kwezvinjini huru dzekutsvaga seGoogle pachayo. Unzwe wakavhiringidzika pamusana pezvakaipa zvinowanzoitika uye zvikwereti zvingangoerekana zvichisa dhigirii yako - inenge pasina nguva. Kuti uve parutivi rwakachengeteka, unofanira kutevera nzira yakarurama yezviito kubvira pakutanga. Nenzira iyo, ndinokurudzira kugovera mikana yako yekuvaka mazano, sezvinotevera:
Nhamba 1 Nhengo
- Nyaya dzakakosha dzakanyanyisa pa Wiki.
- Local directory zvinyorwa.
- mabhizinesi anoenderana nekambani.
- Featured article directories kuti udzokere kune webhusaiti yako kana blog (Ndinokurudzira avo vanotevera kuti vaedze kutanga-Ezinearticles. com, GoArticles. com, kana Articlebase. com).
(2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Tier 2 Links
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text:
Hydrophobic PVDF pleated Sefa katuriji (SPVDF) dzakatevedzana
Product Detail
Product Tags
Nyaya dzino dzakatevedzana katuriji nemafungiro hydrophobic PVDF (Polyvinylidene Fluoride) micro Kamudzira, pamwe yakakwirira kunaka electrostatic, mukuru vido reshiyo, pasi gasi nemishonga, mukuru nekubudisa.
katuriji ose ari kuongororwa vasati pakukurukura.
Typical Application
Chena filtration kuti bio-chinovira uye mishonga;
Chena filtration zvakasiyana siyana mhepo pokubuda napo,
Steam filtration;
Kujekeswa & aseptic filtration kuti makemikari solvent;
Filtration negasi kupera mvura mumuviri;
Features
hydrophobic Good,
Low mapuroteni Absorção de Água;
High vido reshiyo, mukuru zvinoyerera pasi gasi kuramba;
A siyana kwemakemikari kugarisana nokupisa kuramba;
Anogona kumisidzana kakawanda paIndaneti hwemvura mbereko;
Material mamiriro
Filter zvenhau: hydrophobic PVDF micro Kamudzira;
Zvisingakuvadzi rukoko: Polypropylene faibha
Central chubhu: Polypropylene, simbisa kupisa kuramba liner;
Shell / End chivharo: Polypropylene
Rin'i: Silicone rabha / EPDM / fluorous / chokunze terafluoroethylene rabha
Filter Area: ≥0.60m2@ø69, 10 "
Operation ezvinhu
Max tembiricha:
A: Muzvarirwo Polypropylene goko uye pakati chubhu, ≤65 ℃
B: Polypropylene goko & panosangana liner, ≤80 ℃
C: yakakwirira samolecular uremu Polypropylene goko & simbisa kupisa nemishonga liner chubhu & panosangana liner, ≤95 ℃
Max differential kumanikidzwa: Positive kumanikidzwa musiyano 4bar @ 23 ℃
Reverse kumanikidzwa musiyano 2bar @ 23 ℃
Steam mbereko: 121 ℃ kwemaminitsi 30
achirayira Information