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CMepTeлbHaя kaзHb kak Bид HakaзaHия.
A Aano?ee ?enei neo?aaa, iaeaaaaiuo nia?oiie eaciu? e i?eoii eaaeeoeoe?iaaiiie, auei ??acia?ii aua ii eiaaeno Ia?ee Oa?acee (ai?i?ai, i?e i?aaiieea Ia?ee Oa?acee Eineoa II nia?oiay eaciu auea aiana ioiaiaia a 1787 aiao, ii niiaa ainnoaiiaeaia a 1796 aiao), ii o?a eiaaen 1803 aiaa, eni?aaeaiiue a 1852 aiao, aiioneae aa oieuei a iyoe neo?ayo - aoio, i?aaoiuoeaiiia oaeenoai, ?acaie, nii?iai?aaaoeeny oaeenoaii, iia?ia n ioya?a?ueie ianoiyoaeunoaaie e iaeioi?ua iauaiianiua neo?ae iia?a?aaiey ?aeaciiai?i?iuo nii?o?aiee.
A aieuoai iauaia iacia?aeanu nia?oiay eaciu ii neaiaeiaaneei eiaaenai; oae, iai?eia?, oaaaneee eiaaen 1864 aiaa oa?i?aao nia?ou? a 23 neo?ayo.
Ii caoi nia?oiay eaciu aiana auea ioiaiaia ai aoi?ie iieiaeia OIO noieaoey ii caeiiiaaoaeunoaai: ?oiuiee n 1864 aiaa, Eoaeee n 1890 aiaa, Aieeaiaee n 1870 aiaa, Ii?ooaaeee n 1867 aiaa.
Ii oa?ica nia?ou? ia oieuei cia?eoaeuii oiaiuoeeanu a caeiiiaaoaeunoaao OO aaea, iia a oi ?a a?aiy "oi?inoeeanu", iioa?yea naie i?a?iee iaeee, iio?yna?uee nia?aiaiiiai ?aeiaaea naiae ?anoieinou?. (Oia ioiaiu nia?oiie eacie, aiai?eo Eenoyeianeee, aue neaao?uee: a XVIII noieaoee iia auea ii?oe ioiaiaia ca i?anooieaiey i?ioea ?aeeaee, i?ioea i?aanoaaiiinoe e ca aieuoo? ?anou iinyaaoaeunoa i?ioea nianoaaiiinoe. A oa?aiea XIX noieaoey iia ioiaiaia ii?oe ca ana inoaeuiua aeau i?anooieaiee i?ioea nianoaaiiinoe, ca enee??aieai oieuei oao, eioi?ua aianoa n oai caee??aee iinyaaoaeunoaa ia ?eciu ioaaeuiuo eeo e iauanoaaiio? aaciianiinou. Ia ia?aei OO aaea iia inoaaony ca ainoaa?noaaiiua i?anooieaiey a oceii niunea e ca i?anooieaiey i?ioea ?ecie, ii iaeanou e yoeo i?anooieaiee iinoaiaiii no?aaony). O?oaii i?aanoaaeou naaa, ianeieuei ecia?aoaoaeuia auea ?aeiaa?aneay oaioacey ii ioiioaie? e oai io?aieyi, eioi?ua i?aaoanoaiaaee eeoaie? ?ecie e canoaaeyee ino?aaiiuo i?ineou eae ieeinoe, nianaiey iineaaiaai oaa?a.
Eenoyeianeee a naiai enneaaiaaiee i nia?oiie eacie, ia?a?eneyy oiio?aaeoaeuiaeoea aeau ioya?aiiie nia?oiie eacie a n?aaiea aaea e ai XVII aaea, iano?eouaaao eo aieaa 20, a oii ?enea: eeiy?aiea a ianea, aeia eee aiaa, eieaniaaiea, ?aoaa?oiaaiea e ?ac?acuaaiea, ?aniyoea, ni??aiea, caeiiaiea ?eaui, nae?aiea ei?e, auoyaeaaiea eeoie, caeeoea ai?ea iaoaeeii eee niieie, ii?aiea aieiaii, cana?aiea e o.a., i?e?ai ea?aia ec yoeo iaeacaiee aiioneaei naiua ?aciiia?aciua iooaiee e eiiaeiaoee. Ia?aaei eacie, iniaaiii a ??acau?aeiuo neo?ayo, auaoiuaaeenu ad hoc, ii niaauaie? n "e?auie iiuoiuie e naaaoueie". Oaeiau, iai?eia?, iieo?eaoea ii naiae ?anoieinoe enoi?e?aneo? ecaanoiinou eacie ?aaaeuyea a 1610 aiao e Aaieaia a 1757 aiao. ?aaaeuyea iiei?eee ia nieio ia yoaoio e e?aiei i?ee?aieee oaiyie ana ?anoe oaea, caoai e ?oea aai i?eaycaee i?oaea i?anooieaiey e ?aee aa na?iui iaiai, caoai eeauaie ?aaee a ?aciuo ianoao oaei e eeee a ?aiu ?anieaaeaiiue naeiao, ianei e na?o, iioii ea?aue ?eai i?eaycaee e eioaayi e canoaaeyee eo oyioou nia?aea iaaieuoeie ii?uaaie, a iioii ec anao nee, iiea yoe ?anoe ia ioi?aaeenu; iaeiiao, ana ?anoe oaea auee nia?aiu e ni??aiu, a i?ao ?acaayi ii aao?o.
Ii eiaaeno Ia?ee Oa?acee aey Aano?ee 1768 aiaa iaueiiaaiiuie aiaaaeaie nia?oiie eacie auee: ?ac?uaaiea oaea ?aneaeaiiuie ueioaie, au?acaiea ?aiiae ec nieiu, io?acaiea a?oaae e o.a.
N XIX aaea nia?oiay eaciu auiieiyaony iaiei aeoii, i?aeiouanoaaiii iin?aanoaii aeeuioeiu, eae n?aaieoaeuii iaeaieaa nei?iai e aacaieaciaiiiai eeoaiey ?ecie. (A ia?aea OO aaea eiaee ianoi aic?a?aiey, aaeaaiua i?ioea aeeuioeiu iaiaoeeie e?eieiaeenoaie, ia iniiaaiee enoi?e?aneie ?iee yoiai ?iaa eacie a yiioo oa??i?a, eioi?ua ia eia?o na?uaciiai cia?aiey, oae eae aanu aii?in naiaeony e oiio, ?oiau naaeaou iaeacaiea iaeiaiaa io?eoaeuiui aey ino?aaiiiai. ?aaaeoeiiiay eiienney ii ninoaaeaie? ?inneeneiai Oaieiaiiai oei?aiey nio?aieea aenaeeoo, a oii niia?a?aiee, ?oi aaaaaiea aeeuioeiu auei au aey ?innee iiaiaaaaaieai, a ia?ao oai i?aeoeea e yoiai aeaa nia?oiie eacie oeacuaaao neo?ae e?aeia iaoaa?iiai eniieiaiey, eiaaa iaaa?uee ii? eee oiii?ee ia io?oaae aieiau, a oieuei iaiinee ?aio, nicaaaay ioa?aoeoaeuiia c?aeeua iaoaaaoaeny aieie, a eiiaaa ai?uau oy?ei ?aiaiiai n iaea?aie. Eiienney oae?a ia ?aoeeanu ia aaaaaiea i?aaeaaaaoaainy iaeioi?uie niiniaa eeoaiey ?ecie io?aaeaieai eee yeaeo?e?aneei oieii).
Eiaiii a XIX aaea a aa?iiaeneeo ainoaa?noaao i?iecioae ei?aiiie ia?aeii a ??eae?aneie iaoea e iauanoaaiiii niciaiee ii ioiioaie? e yoiio aeao iaeacaiey, i?aeoeea i?eiaiaiey iiaiaiie ea?u noaea ioaa?aou ia i?eioeio e?iaiie ianoe, a cai?inai aaciianiinoe iauanoaa e ainoaa?noaa, a nai niinia oece?aneiai oie?oi?aiey i?anooiieea noae aieaa "aoiaiiui", ioeacaaoenu io ioaee?iinoe eniieiaiey eacie e io niioonoao?ueo aa io?eoaeuiuo aey ino?aaiiiai yeaiaioia. Iinea e?aoeiai yeneo?na ii iniiaiui caeiiiaaoaeunoaai i nia?oiie eacie i?ioeiai noieaoey, ii?ii ia?aeoe e aieaa iia?iaiie oa?aeoa?enoeea yoiai aeaa iaeacaiey e aai ?aaeaiaioaoee a oaieiaii-i?aaiauo caeiiao nia?aiaiiiai iauanoaa.
Io?ii ioiaoeou, ?oi ia?yao ni no?aiaie, i?aeoeeo?ueie nia?oio? eaciu, a ianoiyuaa a?aiy eiaaony a?oiia no?ai, aaa nia?oiay eaciu ioiaiaia eee oaeoe?anee ia i?eiaiyaony. Oae n?aae no?ai, a caeiiiaaoaeunoaa eioi?uo ia i?aaoniio?aia nia?oiay eaciu ie ca iaii i?anooieaiea, iaoiayony: a Aa?iia - Aano?ey, A?aieaiaey, Eneaiaey, Eoaeey, Iiiaei, Nai-Ia?eii, O?aioey, O?A, Oeieyiaey; a Naaa?iie Aia?eea - Iaeneea (24 ec 29 ooaoia, oaaa?aeuiue ie?oa e iaa oa??eoi?ee), ?ya ooaoia NOA; a ??iie Aia?eea - A?aceeey, Aaianoyea, Aiieieeaineay ?anioaeeea, Einoa-?eea, O?oaaae, Yeaaai?; a Aano?aeee - ooao Eaeineaia. Nouanoaoao oae?a ?ya no?ai, aaa nia?oiay eaciu oiou ia ioiaiaia, ii oaeoe?anee ia i?eiaiyaony. N?aae ieo: Aaiey, E?enaiao?a, Ii?aaaey, Oaaoey, Oaaeoa?ey, Aiiao?an e Iaiaia.
Iaiaoiaeii eiaou a aeao, ?oi ioiaia nia?oiie eacie a aieuoeinoaa no?ai ia eiaao aaconeiaiiai oa?aeoa?a. A ?yaa no?ai nia?oiua i?eaiai?u auiinyony a niioaaonoaee n ii?iaie aiaiii-oaieiaiiai caeiiiaaoaeunoaa aiaiiineo?auei e a?a?aaineei eeoai a aiaiiia a?aiy, a oae?a a ia?eia aaenoaey inaaiiai, ??acau?aeiiai eee enee??eoaeuiiai iiei?aiey.
Aianoa n oai i?e ?anniio?aiee aae i i?anooieaieyo, ea?aaiuo nia?oiie eaciu?, i?eiaiy?ony iaeioi?ua niaoeaeuiua i?ioannoaeuiua iiei?aiey.
Oaieiaiia i?aneaaiaaiea ii aaeai i oy?eeo i?anooieaieyo inouanoaeyaony ae?aeoi?ii ioaee?iuo i?aneaaiaaiee iia ?oeiaianoaii aaia?ae-aooi?iay. Aicii?iinou inaiai?aaiey iaaeiyaiiai iia caeia ia?aie?eaaaony. I?e ?anniio?aiee aae i ainoaa?noaaiiie eciaia ii oniio?aie? noaa ninoaa i?eny?iuo ii?ao auou oaaee?ai, i?e yoii caueoa iieucoaony i?aaii aaconeiaiiai ioaiaa (o.a. ioaiaa aac oeacaiee iioeaia) 20 i?eny?iuo.
Aey iiaa?e cayaeaiey ia aiaeeyoee ia i?eaiai? i nia?oiie eacie onoaiiaeai iauee n?ie a 10 aiae, eioi?ue a ioee?ea io a?oaeo i?eaiai?ia ia ii?ao auou oaaee?ai. I?e yoii i?inuaa i ?ac?aoaiee ia aiaeeyoe? e naia aiaeeyoey ia i?eaiai? i nia?oiie eacie aie?iu ?anniao?eaaouny a aicii?ii aieaa ei?ioeea n?iee. Eiiey aiaeeyoeiiiie ?aeiau ia i?eaiai? i nia?oiie eacie aie?ia auou iai?aaeaia ?eiiaieeii-?aaeno?aoi?ii i?e Oaieiaiii aiaeeyoeiiiii noaa ainoaa?noaaiiiio nae?aoa??. Iinea i?eaaaaiey i?eaiai?a a eniieiaiea nae?aoa?u iaycai ?anii?yaeouny ia iioaeeeiaaiee niioaaonoao?uaai niiauaiey a aacaoa, ecaaaaaiie a Eiiaiia.
Yoio ii?yaie ?anneaaiaaiey e ?anniio?aiey aae, aeaeoueo i?eiaiaiea nia?oiie eacie, ia eanaaony ??acau?aeiuo ianoiyoaeunoa. I?e oaeeo ianoiyoaeunoaao caeiiiaaoaeunoai Aiaeee i?aaoniao?eaaao aicii?iinou nicaaiey aiaiii-iieaauo noaia. Eeoi, ino?aaiiia e nia?oiie eacie aiaiii-iieaaui noaii, ai?aaa iiaaou aiaeeyoe? ia i?eaiai? eeou i?e iaee?ee ?ac?aoaiey aiaiii-aiaeeyoeiiiiai noaa, i?e?ai i?inuaa ino?aaiiiai ia ?ac?aoaiea aiaeeyoee e naia aiaeeyoey ?anniao?eaa?ony iaiia?aiaiii e a e?ao?aeoee n?ie.
I?eaiai? i nia?oiie eacie anooiaao a neeo iinea ooaa??aaiey aai aiaia?aeuieeii, ii i?eeaco eioi?iai aue nicaai aiaiii-iieaaie noa. E?iia oiai, i?eaiai? aie?ai auou iaia?ai eiiaiao?uei aieineei niaaeiaieai, aaa i?ioiaee neo?ao ino?aaiiue ai auianaiey i?eaiai?a. A oneiaeyo aiaaie ianoaiiaee oaeiai iaia?aiey ia o?aaoaony.
A Aiaeee oioy ??eae?anee iiieeiaaiea yaeyaony i?a?iaaoeaie ei?iey, iaiaei nouanoaoao ianeieuei aeoia, ia?aie?eaa?ueo yoi i?aai. Oae, niaeanii caeiio 1701 aiaa ia aiioneaaony iiieeiaaiea aunoeo aie?iinoiuo eeo, ino?aaiiuo noaii Iaeaou Ei?aia ca ainoaa?noaaiiua i?anooieaiey. Iiieeiaaiea ii?ao inouanoaeyouny e ia iniiaaiee aeoa ia?eaiaioa. Oaeoe?anee ?a iii inouanoaeyaony i?aaeoaeunoaii, a eiaiii ieieno?ii aioo?aiieo aae. I?e yoii eeoi, ino?aaiiia e nia?oiie eacie, ii?ao auou iiieeiaaii n iieiui inaiai?aaieai io iaeacaiey eee n oneiaeai ioauou ii?aaaeaiiue n?ie o??aiiiai caee??aiey; a iineaaiai neo?aa ino?aaiiue ?anniao?eaaaony eae eeoi, a ioiioaiee eioi?iai auianai i?eaiai? i o??aiiii caee??aiee ia oeacaiiue a aeoa iiieeiaaiey n?ie.
A ioee?ea io aieuoeinoaa nia?aiaiiuo ainoaa?noa a Aiaeee i?eiaiyaony ai neo ii? iiaaoaiea. Ii a ioee?ea io iau?iiai iiaaoaiey, eiaaa nia?ou ianooiaao io anoeenee a ?acoeuoaoa naaaeeaaiey iaoeae auoaoaeuiuo iooae, a yoie no?aia yoio aeo inouanoaeyaony i?e iiiiue "aieaie iaoee" - niiniaa, ecia?aoaiiiai aoaeeineei i?ioanni?ii Oioiiii. O iiaaoaiiiai n iiiiuu? "aieaie iaoee" i?ienoiaeo niauaiea, ?ac?ua iicaiieia, a ?acoeuoaoa ?aai ianooiaao iaiaaeaiiay e aacaieaciaiiay nia?ou. Iaainoaoeii yoiai aeaa eacie yaeyaony oi, ?oi iia niaa?oaaony iaiin?aanoaaiii ?aeiaaeii - iaea?ii, - ?oi iineo oa?aeoa? ianoe, eioi?ay o?eiaia iaiei eeoii iaa a?oaei. Yoi a nia?aiaiiue ia?eia ?acaeoey iauanoaa aanie?oii iai?eaieaii, oae eae nia?oiay eaciu yaeyaony i?a?aa anaai oece?aneei oie?oi?aieai, aa?aioii oiai, ?oi ?aeiaae aieaa ia nii?ao niaa?oeou oy?eia i?anooiiia aayiea, a ia ?ani?aaie iaa i?anooiieeii.
Ono?aoaiea, eae ecaanoii, ii?ao auou iauei eee niaoeaeuiui. Ia?aia "aie?ii anaeyou no?ao a iioaioeaeuii iianiuo eeo e, oaeei ia?acii, iiaaa??eaaou nioeaeuiue ii?yaie"; "iaeacaiea eiaao oaeu? ono?aoaiea a?oaeo eeo". Aoi?ia - "i?e?eieou aieu eeoo n oai, ?oiau oaa??aou aai io iiaoi?iuo i?anooieaiee". Nae?an iiiaea aia?eeaineea ??enou n?eoa?o, ?oi niaoeaeuiia ono?aoaiea ia eiaao aa?iiai cia?aiey aey i?aeoe?aneiai i?eiaiaiey. Iniaaiii yoi aeooaeuii aey iauyniaiey oaeae oaeiai aeaa iaeacaiey eae nia?oiay eaciu, oae eae iia aiiaua ia no?aieony e ainoe?aie? niaoeaeuiiai ono?aoaiey.
Eni?aaeaiea - iiaaeoay ec yoeo o?ao oai?ee. Aa ?aciiaeaiinou - ?aaaeeeoaoey ee?iinoe - ai iineaaiaai a?aiaie auea iaeaieaa ?ani?ino?aiaiiie a NOA. ?e? ii?aaaeyao aa eae "niaieoiiinou" oa?aiaaoe?aneeo ia?, iaiaoiaeiuo aey oiai, ?oiau aa?ioou ino?aaiiiai a iauanoai". Eni?aaeoaeuiia aicaaenoaea naycaii n eiioaioeae "ia?auaiey" e nenoaiie iaii?aaaeaiiuo i?eaiai?ia. Ecaanoiu aaa niiniaa oaeiai aicaaenoaey (?aaaeeeoaoee): ineoieiae?aneee, iiaiaii oiio, eae a?a? ea?eo aieuiuo, e nioeaeuiue. Iaiaei ii iauai?eciaiiiio iiaie? oaee ?aaaeeeoaoee ieacaeenu iaainoe?eiuie: o?iaaiu ?aoeaeaiie i?anooiiinoe ia iiieceeny, a nei?aa iaiai?io. E?iia oiai, ?oi neaaoao iia?a?eioou iniai, ?aaeecaoey yoie oaee iaa?ioeanu naiui ianoiyuei i?iecaieii. Aio ?oi a naece n yoei ieoao a aieeaaa "Inouanoaeaiea i?aainoaey" aia?eeaineee Eiieoao ii eco?aie? o??aiiiai caee??aiey: "?aaaeeeoaoeiiiay iiaaeu, ianiio?y ia oi, ?oi iia i?eaioe?iaaia ia iiieiaiea caee??aiiiai e caaioo i iai, ieacaeanu aieaa ?anoieie e ea?aoaeuiie, ?ai ioe?iaaiii ea?aoaeuiay iiaaeu... I?eaiaa?eaaou e?aae, aeiiaiuo a iaeiaeiauo i?anooieaieyo, e ?acee?iui ia?ai aicaaenoaey ai eiy eo ?aaaeeeoaoee, iaeacuaaou ia ca aayiea, a a nayce n oneiaeyie aai niaa?oaiey - cia?eo ia?ooaou ooiaaiaioaeuiua i?eioeiu ?aaainoaa e ni?aaaaeeainoe."
A na?aaeia 70-o e ia?aea 80-o aiaia aiiau noaee ia?auaouny e aiciacae? eae iniiaiie oaee, ?aio niinianoaoao e iauanoaaiiia iiaiea iaeioi?uo ooaoia. A iaiii ec naieo aunooieaiee caianoeoaeu ae?aeoi?a Eaeeoi?ieeneiai aaia?oaiaioa ii eni?aaeaie? Aeiie neacae: "Eaeeoi?ieeneea ecae?aoaee i?inoi oioyo, ?oiau i?anooiieee auee oaaeaiu ec eo ?ecie."
Neaaoao ioiaoeou, ?oi i?ei?eoaou eciaieeenu ia oieuei a aieo?eia, ii e a caeiiiaaoaeunoaa: ?ya ooaoia aaae nenoaio ii?aaaeaiiuo i?eaiai?ia (aianoi ?aiaa aaenoaiaaaoae nenoaiu iaii?aaaeaiiuo i?eaiai?ia).
Anou e a?oaea, iaiaa iiioey?iua oai?ee. Oae, oaeu "eeoaiey aaaniiniaiinoe" icia?aao, ?oi i?anooiiee aie?ai auou eciee?iaai io ie?o?a?ueo, iai?eia?, eaciai, o.a. aieaa ia nii?ao ia?ooeou caeii. Iaiaei yoo oaeu iaeucy iacaaou naiinoiyoaeuiie, oae eae iia aanuia noiaia ni niaoeaeuiie i?aaaioeae.
A ?yaa iniiaiuo iaeacaiee, iaueie eae aey ooaoia, oae e ia oaaa?aeuiii o?iaia, auaaey?o nia?oio? eaciu, aey ?acaeoey eioi?ie, eae iu aeaei ec ii?aaaeaiey oaeae iaeacaiey a aia?eeaineie aieo?eia, a oa?aoe?aneii aniaeoa e a caeiiiaaoaeunoaa eiaaony aanuia ieiai?iaiay ii?aa.
Nia?oiay eaciu eae aea iaeacaiey i?aaoniao?eaaaony oaaa?aeuiui caeiiiaaoaeunoaii e OE 36 ooaoia. I?e?ai, anee a ooaoa Iu?-Ei?e iia auea ioiaiaia, oi a Iu?-A?a?ne e Iaaei - ainnoaiiaeaia.
Oneiaey, a neeo eioi?uo i?anooieaiea ii?ao iiaea?u nia?oio? eaciu, a ?aciuo ooaoao ?aciua. Iai?eia?, ??iie Ea?ieeia - ca oy?eia oaeenoai a o??uia, a a Iaaaaa - ca e?aia oy?eia oaeenoai I noaiaie. Ii caeiiiaaoaeunoao Oaoana noa ii?ao i?eaiai?eou eeoi e nia?oiie eacie, anee anou aa?iyoiinou oiai, ?oi iii aoaao e a aaeuiaeoai niaa?oaou ianeeunoaaiiua i?anooieaiey. Ii oaaa?aeuiiio caeiiiaaoaeunoao ii ninoiyie? ia 1985 aia (oieuei ia iniiaaiee ?aca. 18 Naiaa caeiiia) nia?oiue i?eaiai? ii?ao auiineouny i?eia?ii a 15 neo?ayo (ca ca niaa?oaiea oy?eiai oaeenoaa - § 1111, ecianeeiaaiea - § 2031, eciaio - § 2381, aicaooiia ie?aonoai ni nia?oaeuiui enoiaii - § 34 e a?oaea i?anooieaiey). Nia?oiay eaciu ii?ao i?eiaiyouny a neeo a?oaeo oaaa?aeuiuo caeiiiiiei?aiee, iai?eia?, ca niaa?oaiea iaeioi?uo aieineeo i?anooieaiee (aaca?oe?noai, iaiaaaiea ia auoanoiyuaai ia?aeuieea eee iaiia?eiaiea aio, iaiaaea?auaa eniieuciaaiea ia?iey e o.a.). Nae?an ?a?u eaao ia ia ioiaia nia?oiie eacie, a i ?anoe?aiee aa i?eiaiaiey. Ia aaiiue iiiaio o?a i?aaoniio?aii 70 aeaia i?anooieaiee, iiiaaa?ueo iia iaeacaiea nia?oiie eaciu?.
Aii?in i oaeaniia?aciinoe nia?oiie eacie e i?aaaeao aa i?eiaiaiey n ?acee?iie noaiaiu? aeoeaiinoe aeneooe?oaony a NOA ia i?ioy?aiee iiiaeo eao.
A ia?aea 70-o aiaia yoa aeneonney cao?iioea Aa?oiaiue noa no?aiu. A 1972 aiao, ?anniao?eaay aiaeeyoe? ii aaeo Oo?iyia e aua aaoo eeo, ino?aaiiuo e nia?oiie eacie, Aa?oiaiue noa iyou? aieinaie i?ioea ?aou?ao iinoaiiaee, ?oi "nia?oiue i?eaiai? ii yoei aaeai i?aanoaaeyao niaie ?anoieia e iaiau?iia iaeacaiea, i?ioeai?a?eo ainuiie e ?aou?iaaoaoie iii?aaeai e Eiinoeoooee". Iaai ioiaoeou ?oi, ia?aiia?aeuii iaei ec aiaeeyioia aue i?eaiai?ai e nia?oiie eacie ca niaa?oaiea oy?eiai oaeenoaa, aaia a?oaeo - ca ecianeeiaaiea aac i?e?eiaiey oaeaniuo iia?a?aaiee.
?aoaiea Aa?oiaiiai noaa auei iaaannii?iui, oae eae n?aaieoaeuiue aiaeec o?ao (V, VIII e XIV) iii?aaie e eiinoeoooee iieacuaaao, ?oi aa nicaaoaee noaaeee ia?aa niaie oaeu oi?acaieou ia nia?oio? eaciu, a oieuei eaaeeoeoe?iaaiiua aa aeau. Iniciaaay yoi, caeiiiaaoaee ooaoia oai ia iaiaa auio?aaiu auee io?aaae?iaaou. Aieaa ?ai a 30 ooaoao auee i?eiyou caeiiu, aaa ?ao?a ii?aaaeyeenu oaeoi?u, eioi?ua aie?iu auee o?eouaaouny i?e auianaiee nia?oiiai i?eaiai?a. Oai naiui auee ianeieuei ia?aie?aiu i?aaaeu noaaeneiai oniio?aiey. Iai?eia?, caeii ooaoa Oei?eaa aae ia?a?aiu eae ioya?a?ueo, oae e niya?a?ueo ianoiyoaeunoa e oeacae, ?oi "nia?oiue i?eaiai? ii?ao auou auianai i?e ioya?a?uai, anee oieuei ia onoaiiaeaii "ia?aaaoeaa?uaa" niya?a?uaa ianoiyoaeunoai". ?nii, ?oi iiaiaiua iiaaoee iaei niinianoaiaaee ?aoaie? i?iaeaiu ?aoeie ?aaeaiaioaoee.
Neooaoey aua aieaa onoaoaeeanu iineaao?ueie ?aoaieyie Aa?oiaiiai noaa. Oae, a 1976 aiao ii ii aaeo A?aaaa iinoaiiaee, ?oi nia?oiay eaciu naia ii naaa ia ia?ooaao Eiinoeoooee, a ii aaeo Aoaniia oeacae, ?oi iia eae iaycaoaeuiia iaeacaiea i?ioeai?a?eo Eiinoeoooee; a 1977 aiao - ii aaeo Eiea?a ii iin?eoae iai?aaiia?iie nia?oio? eaciu ca ecianeeiaaiea aac oaeenoaa iioa?iaaoae, ii aaeo Yaa?oeoa - ca iioeuaiea ?aeiaaea, ii aaeo ?iaa?ona - ca oaeenoai iieeoaeneiai, aa?a anee nia?oiay eaciu - iaycaoaeuiia iaeacaiea.
E?iia oiai, ia iiceoe? noaae, caeiiiaaoaeae e iieeoe?aneeo aayoaeae aeeyao iauanoaaiiia iiaiea. Iii ?a, ii aaiiui ii?inia, naeaaoaeunoaoao i oii , ?oi n 1972 aiaa aieuoeinoai, a a iineaaiea aiau - iiaaaey?uaa aieuoeinoai aia?eeaioaa yaey?ony noi?iiieeaie nia?oiie eacie.
Niinia e ii?yaie eniieiaiey nia?oiuo i?eaiai?ia ?aoaaony caeiiiaaoaeunoaii ooaoia. Iaeaieaa ?ani?ino?aiaia eaciu ia yeaeo?e?aneii nooea - a 17 ooaoao. A iaeioi?uo ooaoao i?eiaiy?o aaciaua eaia?u; a ?aou?ao, a oae?a ca aieineea i?anooieaiey ii oaaa?aeuiiio caeiio - iiaaoaiea; a ooaoa ?oa - ?anno?ae e a inoaeuiuo - nia?oaeuiua eiuaeoee. A iaeioi?uo ooaoao eniieucoaony ianeieuei aeaia nia?oiie eacie. Iai?eia?, a ooaoa A?eaican i?anooiiee ii?ao auou ?anno?aeyi, eaciai ia yeaeo?e?aneii nooea eee n iiii?uu? nia?oaeuiie eiuaeoee. A ioaaeuiuo ooaoao i?anooiieeai i?aainoaaeyaony aicii?iinou auae?aou oi?io naiae nia?oe, a oae?a ii eo ?aeaie? ei iiaoo auou naaeaiu eiuaeoee ineoio?iiiuo i?aia?aoia. I?eaiai?u, auianaiiua a?a?aaineei eeoai ii oaaa?aeuiui caeiiii, eniieiy?ony niiniaii, ii?aaaeaiiui a oii ooaoa, aaa niaa?oaaony eaciu.
Iniaaiiinou? aia?eeaineiai caeiiiaaoaeunoaa yaeyaony oi, ?oi iii ia?aaei iicaieyao iiaaa?aaou nia?oiie eacie ianiaa?oaiiieaoieo. Iai?eia?, a Ienneneie - n 13 eao, Ienno?e e ?oa - n 14, A?eaican - n 15 eao. A 13 ooaoao aic?ano a caeiia aiiaua ia oeacai, o.a. aii?in, ii nouanoao, ?aoaaony noaii. A nayce n iaaaaiei ?anoe?aieai i?eiaiaiey nia?oiie eacie i?aaeaaaaony ?ani?ino?aieou aa ia ianiaa?oaiiieaoieo, niaa?oeaoeo ia oieuei oaeenoaa, ii e a?aaa?e e ecianeeiaaiey i?e ioya?a?ueo ianoiyoaeunoaao.
Oioaeinu au ioiaoeou, ?oi aicii?iinou i?iecaieuiuo (o.a. caaenyueo io oniio?aiey noaa) nia?oiuo i?eaiai?ia, oioy e ia?aie?aiiay ?aoaieai ii aaeo Aoaniia, yaeyaony iaiei ec naiuo na?uaciuo iaainoaoeia oaieiaiiai i?aainoaey NOA.
A oaaa?aeuiii caeiiiaaoaeunoaa NOA eia?ony niaoeaeuiua iiei?aiey, ?aaeaiaioe?o?uea noaii?iecaianoai i i?anooieaieyo, ea?aaiuo nia?oiie eaciu?.
Oae, oaaa?aeuiuie i?aaeeaie oaieiaiie i?oaao?u onoaiiaeaii, ?oi oaieiaiia i?aneaaiaaiea ca i?anooieaiey, iaeacoaiua nia?oiie eaciu?, aie?ii iaycaoaeuii inouanoaeyouny ia iniiaaiee iaaeieoaeuiiai aeoa, ooaa??aaiiiai ia aaeiiee?ii i?ieo?i?ii, a Aieuoei ???e i?eny?iuo. Yoi i?aaeei aiieiuaao a naaa ii?io, niaa??auo?ny a V iii?aaea e Eiinoeoooee, a eioi?ie aiai?eony: "Ieeoi ia ii?ao auou i?eaea?ai e ioaaonoaaiiinoe ca niaa?oaiea i?anooieaiey, ea?aaiiai nia?oiie eaciu?, eee eiiai iici?yuaai i?anooieaiey, e?iia eae ia iniiaa iinoaiiaeaiey eee iaaeiaiey, auianaiiiai i?eny?iuie". Iaycaiiinou aicao?aaou oaieiaiia i?aneaaiaaiea ii oeacaiiie eaoaai?ee aae oieuei ia iniiaa iaaeieoaeuiiai aeoa, ninoaaeaiiiai Aieuoei ???e, ?anniao?eaaaony a ea?anoaa aa?iie aa?aioee a?a?aaieia, i?eaea?aiiiai e oaieiaiie ioaaonoaaiiinoe.
A neo?aa niaa?oaiey i?anooieaiey, ea?aaiiai nia?oiie eaciu?, aaiayony ia?aie?aiey inaiai?aaiey iaaeiyaiiai ai noaa e ia ii?oee.
A NOA, eae a no?aia n oaaa?aoeaiui ono?ienoaii, onoaiiaeai iaiau?iue ii?yaie iiieeiaaiey. Niaeanii Eiinoeoooee i?aceaaio eiaao i?aai ion?i?ee eniieiaiey i?eaiai?ia, a oae?a iiieeiaaiey eeou ca i?anooieaiey, niaa?oaiiua i?ioea oaaa?aeuiuo caeiiia. Iiieeiaaiea ino?aaiiuo ca i?anooieaiey, niaa?oaiiua i?ioea caeiiia ioaaeuiuo ooaoia, aoiaeo a eiiiaoaioe? yoeo ooaoia e inouanoaeyaony eo aoaa?iaoi?aie.
I?aceaaio i?eieiaao ?aoaiea i iiieeiaaiee aaeiiee?ii. Ii e aai niaaoieee iiaoo eno?aaiaaou iiaua iaoa?eeu, iiieii eia?ueony a aaea, iacia?eou iiao? i?iaa?eo noa?uo iaoa?eaeia.
I?eaiai? e nia?oiie eacie ii?ao auou niya?ai iooai caiaiu aai e?aui a?oaei iaeacaieai. Iau?ii nia?oiay eaciu caiaiyaony ii?eciaiiui caee??aieai, cia?eoaeuii ?a?a - caee??aieai ia n?ie.
A caee??aiea oioaeinu au ioiaoeou, ?oi NOA - iaii ec iaiiiaeo ainoaa?noa, aaa nia?oiay eaciu iineo aaenoaeoaeuii eaaeoeiiue oa?aeoa?, ?oi au?a?aaony a niioaaonoaee ?aaeaiaioaoee yoiai iaeacaiey a caeiiiaaoaeunoaa e i?aeoeee i?eiaiaiey nia?oiie eacie n iauanoaaiiui iiaieai. Yoi yaeyaony neaanoaeai oi?ioi ?ac?aaioaiiie caeiiiaaoaeai iiaaee oaeiai aeaa iaeacaiey, oioy, iaiaoiaeii iiiieou, ?oi yoa iiaaeu yaeyaony aaeaei ia eaaaeuiie e eiaao iii?anoai iaainoaoeia.
OE i?aaoniao?eaaao nia?oio? eaciu ca o?eiaaoaou oaieiaiuo ninoaaia. Ec iinyaaoaeunoa ia ainoaa?noai eae i?aaiaia aeaai - yoi aeoee, naycaiiua n aioo?aiiei ainnoaieai eee aiaoiae aiaiiie aa?anneae. Ec iinyaaoaeunoa ia iauanoai - iia?ia ?eeuy e aai ii??a, ac?ua ac?uaiiianiiai i?aaiaoa, aaenoaey, aucaaaoea ?aeaciiai?i?io? eaoano?ioo (ni nia?oaeuiui enoiaii aey e?aae) e iianiinou aey o?ainii?oa (n oy?eeie iineaanoaeyie), io?aaeaiea aiaii?iaiaiie aiau (ni nia?oaeuiui enoiaii aey e?aae). Ec iinyaaoaeunoa ia ee?iinou - oaeenoai, ?acaieiia iaiaaaiea, iiaeaeoaa nia?ou eee nii?y?aiiia n ecianeeiaaieai.
Eeou no. 81 (naiai? n eiino?aiiui ainoaa?noaii n oaeu? iiaoaeou aai e aii?o?aiiie aa?annee i?ioea ?iiiee) i?aaoniao?eaaao nia?oio? eaciu eae aanie?oio? ea?o, inoaeuiua - eae aeuoa?iaoeaio?. Iiieii OE yoa ea?a niaa??eony a niaoeaeuiuo oaieiaiuo caeiiao (i i?anooiiie aoyee, i naieoeyo ca ia?ooaiea i?aaee eiio?iey iaa ac?ua?aouie aauanoaaie, i naieoeyo ca ianeeunoaaiiue caoaao aicaooiuo noaia e a?.).
Aaea, aee??a?uea eae aicii?iia iaeacaiea nia?oio? eaciu, ?anniao?eaa?ony a iaiii ec 50 ?aeiiiuo noaia, eioi?ua neooa?o aaea a ea?anoaa noaia ia?aie einoaioee. Aiaeeyoee i?ioea ?aoaiee ?aeiiiuo noaia iiaoo auou ?anniio?aiu a iaiii ec ainuie Aunoeo noaia e caoai Aa?oiaiui Noaii. Iinea ?anniio?aiey aiaeeyoee auiineony i?eaiai? (ii aaeai ni nia?oiie eaciu? iau?ii ?aoaieai Aa?oiaiiai Noaa). Oai ia iaiaa iinea auianaiey i?eaiai?a aicii?ii aiciaiiaeou i?ioann o?aaiaaieai ia?aniio?a ?aoaiey noaa, anee iaia?o?aony iiaua aieacaoaeunoaa e anee aieacaoaeunoaa, ia eioi?uo iniiaaii ?aoaiea noaa ia?aie einoaioee, aoaoo i?eciaiu ei?iuie.
Niaeanii ?iiineie Eiinoeoooee ?aoaiey ia aiienoee, caiaia iaeacaiey e ion?i?ea eniieiaiey nia?oiiai i?eaiai?a, i?eieia?ony i?aaeoaeunoaii e iiaienuaa?ony eiia?aoi?ii. ?aoay, aiionoeii ee ieeina?aea ii ioiioaie? e i?eaiai?aiiiio e nia?oiie eacie, i?aaeoaeunoai aaenoaoao ii niaeaniaaie? n Iaoeiiaeuiie Eiienneae ii ?aaaeeeoaoee i?anooiieeia, ioeoeaeuiui aniiiiaaoaeuiui i?aaiii Ieienoa?noaa ?noeoee ?iiiee.
Niaeanii no. 475 Oaieiaii-i?oannoaeuiiai eiaaena ?iiiee i?eeac i i?eaaaaiee a eniieiaiea nia?oiiai i?eaiai?a aie?ai auou aai a oa?aiea 6 ianyoaa iinea auianaiey i?eaiai?a. Ii yoio 6-iany?iue n?ie ii?ao auou ioei?ai a neo?aa aiaeeyoee, ia?aniio?a noaaaiiai ?aoaiey eee aiienoee. Naia nia?oiay eaciu i?eaiaeony a eniieiaiea ii ?anii?y?aie? Ieieno?a ?noeoee. Anee oaeia ?anii?y?aiea ioaaii, i?eaiai? aie?ai auou i?eaaaai a eniieiaiea a oa?aiea 5 aiae. Oaeei ia?acii, eiaaa ana noaaaiua oi?iaeuiinoe e i?ioaao?a iiieeiaaiey eniieiaiu, ia i?aeoeea eiaiii Ieieno? ?noeoee ?aoaao, ?oi ino?aaiiue aoaao eaciai.
A no. 11 OE oeacaii, ?oi nia?oiay eaciu i?eaiaeony a eniieiaiea iooai iiaaoaiey, a ino?aaiiue ai eniieiaiey eacie aie?ai niaa??aouny a o??uia. Ia i?aeoeea caee??aiiue ecaauaaony ca 1 eee ca 2 aiy ai eacie, a ii iaeioi?ui aaeai aiiaua ia noaaeony a ecaanoiinou, eiaaa aoaao eniieiaia eaciu. ?aoaiea ia ecaauaiee ino?aaiiiai i aia eacie a caaeneiinoe io eiie?aoiiai aaea i?eieiaaony i?eieiaaony a eioa?anao naiiai ino?aaiiiai. Anee caee??aiiue niieieiue e naa??aiiue, oi ii ecaauaaony ca aaiu ai eacie; a neo?aa, anee ii iao?aaiiaaoai, oi ia ecaauaaony aiiaua. Iiiiuiee i?ieo?i?a, eioi?ue i?enoonaoao i?e eniieiaiee eacie ninoaaeyao io?ao i eacie, eioi?ue aie?ai auou iiaienai e ne?aieai ia?aou? yoei iiiiuieeii, i?ieo?i?ii, ia?aeuieeii o??uiu eee aai i?aanoaaeoaeai. A niioaaonoaee n i?eeacii io 27 aaeaa?y 1947 aiaa, ecaaiiui aeaaie Eni?aaeoaeuiiai ioaaea Ieienoa?noaa ?noeoee, io a?a?a o?aaoaony i?iaa?eou ninoiyiea caee??aiiiai ia?aa eaciu?. A?a? aie?ai naaeaou iaaeoeineee io?ao i eacie, eioi?ue caoai i?aanoaaeyaony Ieieno?o ?noeoee. E?iia oiai, oioy yoi e ia i?aaoniio?aii caeiiii, n?eoaaony, ?oi ii onoaiiaeaoaeny i?aeoeea a?a? aie?ai i?enoonoaiaaou ai a?aiy eacie, aaa ii ii?ao iaae?aaou ca oie?a?uei e ii?aaaeeou iiiaio ianooieaiey nia?oe.
Eacie a ?iiiee i?iecaiayony a iieiii nae?aoa e ieeaeeo ioaeeeaoee ia iiyaeyaony. Ieienoa?noai ?noeoee iauyniyao yoi oai, ?oi oaeei ia?acii ?ianoaaiieee eaciaiiiai caueuaiu io iici?a.
Aieuoia aieiaiea a i?ioanna eco?aiey i?iaeaiaoeee nia?oiie eacie a ?iiiee oaaeyaony niioiioaie? aaenoao?uae i?aeoeee e eiinoeoooeiiiuo iiei?aiee. Niaeanii Eiinoeoooee, i?iaicaeaoaiiie a 1946 aiao, caueuaaony i?aai ia ?eciu e ?anoieea iaeacaiey cai?auaiu. Aa?oiaiue Noa ?iiiee i?eiye ianeieuei aa?iuo ?aoaiee ii iiaiao eiinoeoooeiiiinoe nia?oiie eacie.
Ia?aia e iaeaieaa aa?iia ?aoaiea auei i?eiyoi 12 ia?oa 1948 aiaa. Aa?oiaiue Noa iinoaiiaee, ?oi nia?oiue i?eaiai? ii?ao auou auianai i?e niae?aaiee niioaaonoao?uae i?ioaao?u, onoaiiaeaiiie caeiiii. A i?ioeii nia?oiay eaciu ia auea naia ii naaa ?anoieei iaeacaieai, oioy Noa i?eciae, ?oi niiniau eaciae (ni??aiea ia eino?a, ?aniyoea eee iia?o?aiea a eeiyuo? aiao) auee ?anoieeie. N?eoaaony, ?oi oa?ica nia?oiie eacie yaeyaony anaiauae ia?ie i?aaoi?a?aaiey, ?oi iia "ii?ao iia?oaeou ei?ie iauanoaaiiuo yca", e ?oi iaa yoeo oaeoi?a iiaoo auou eniieuciaaiu aey caueou iauanoaa io oy?eeo i?anooieaiee.
A aiiieiaiea e yoie oi?ea c?aiey auei oeacaii, ?oi Eiinoeoooey io?a?aea iano?iaiey e?aae oiai a?aiaie, eiaaa iia i?eieiaeanu, ?oi iia ia ii?ao ?anniao?eaaouny iinoiyiiui aieacaoaeunoaii iaiaoiaeiinoe nia?oiie eacie. No?aaiea i oii, yaey?ony ee iaeioi?ua iaeacaiey ?anoieeie - yoi aii?in, eioi?ue aie?ai ?aoaouny ia iniiaaiee iauanoaaiiiai iiaiey. Iaiaei, oae eae iauanoaaiiia iiaiea ia ii?ao ni a?aiaiai ecaa?aou eciaiaiee, oi oi, ?oi a iaii a?aiy n?eoaeinu iaeacaieai ioi?au ia ?anoieei, a aieaa iicaiee ia?eia ii?ao n?eoaouny ia?aoiui. Oaeei ia?acii, eiaaa eoeuoo?a ?acaeaaaony ii ainoiayuae, e oae eae iauanoai iie?aaony ia ni?aaaaeeainou e caeii, eiaaa ia iuouaaony iaiaoiaeiinou caueuaou iauanoaaiiia aeaaininoiyiea iooai i?aaioa?auaiey i?anooieaiee n iiiiuu? nia?oiie eacie, iineaaiyy aoaao ioiaiaia, eae ?anoieia iaeacaiea, yaey?uaany ia?ooaieai Eiinoeoooee. Iaiaei ia aaiiii yoaia ?iiiey ia ainoeaea oaeiai o?iaiy ?acaeoey.
Naiei aoi?ui ?aoaieai ii yoiio aii?ino, naaeaiiui 18 ai?aey 1951 aiaa, Noa ioaa?aioe iiei?aiea, ooaa??aa?uaa, ?oi nia?oiay eaciu ia?ooaao eiinoeoooeiiiua iiei?aiey a ioiioaiee i?aaioa?auaiey aieiu.
A neaao?uai ?aoaiee Aa?oiaiue Noa oeacae, ?oi iiaaoaiea eae niinia eacie ia yaeyaony ?anoieei e ia ia?ooaao Eiinoeoooe?. Noa cayaee, ?oi iao iniiaaiee iieaaaou, ?oi iiaaoaiea, i?aeoeeo?uaany a ?iiiee, aieaa ?anoiei, ?ai a?oaea aeau eacie.
A ?aoaiee io 19 e?ey 1961 aiaa Noa oeacae, ?oi eaciu ia ia?ooaao onoaiiaeaiiue ii?yaie noaaaiiai i?ioanna.
Io?ii iniai auaaeeou iiceoe? Aa?oiaiiai Noaa, eioi?ay auea noi?ioee?iaaia 8 e?ey 1983 aiaa: "Neaaoao neacaou, ?oi i?e aaenoao?uae nenoaia caeiiiaaoaeunoaa, nio?aiy?uae nia?oio? eaciu, aiionoei auai? e yoie ea?u - eiaaa naaeai auaia i iienoeia oy?eie ioaaonoaaiiinoe iaaeiyaiiai e i iaecaa?iinoe e?aeiae ia?u n oi?ee c?aiey eae ?aaiiaaney ia?ao i?anooieaieai e iaeacaieai, oae e iauae i?aaaioeae, iinea niaieoiiiai aiaeeca oa?aeoa?a i?anooiiiai aeoa, aai iioeaia e ianoiyoaeunoa (iniaaiii oii?noaa e ?anoieinoe a niiniaa oaeenoaa), oy?anoe eoiaia (iniaaiii ?enea iioa?iaaoeo a ?acoeuoaoa oaeenoaa), ?oanoaa oua?aa o inoaaoeony ?iaiuo, nioeaeuiiai aicaaenoaey, aic?anoa i?anooiieea, aai e?eieiaeuiie aeia?aoee, ianoaiiaee iinea i?anooiiiai aeoa e a?oaeo yeaiaioia neooaoee".
Oioy i?eaiai?u e nia?oiie eacie a ?iiiee ??acau?aeii ?aaee, caanu, eae e ai iiiaeo no?aiao anou iiaiey e "ca", e "i?ioea". Eae ii?ii oaeaaou ec auoaeei?aiiiai, Ieienoa?noai ?noeoee e Aa?oiaiue Noa ?aoeoaeuii aunooia?o i?ioea ioiaiu nia?oiie eacie.
Eoae, a ca?oaa?iuo no?aiao nouanoao?o ?aciiia?aciua einoeooou nia?oiie eacie, eioi?ua ii?ie iaiaiicia?iu, i?ioeai?a?eau. Oae?a ?acee?aaony e i?aeoeea i?eiaiaiey yoiai aeaa iaeacaiey, eioi?ay caaeneo ia oieuei io o?iaiy i?anooiiinoe, ii e io oai?aoe?aneiai iainiiaaiey naiiai iiiyoey iaeacaiey, aai oaeae, io iiceoee, eioi?o? caieia?o aunoea i?aaiu aeanoe, io iauanoaaiiiai iiaiey. Ii?ii naaeaou auaia, ?oi a no?aiao, aaa i?eiaiyaony nia?oiay eaciu, aieuoeinoai ??enoia neeiiy?ony e iiaie?, ?oi iia iaiaoiaeia, ii ia ii?ao yaeyouny iinoiyiiui aeaii iaeacaiey. Ni a?aiaiai ii?ii aoaao inouanoaeou iinoaiaiiue ia?aoia io nia?oiie eacie e a?oaei, aieaa aoiaiiui aeaai iaeacaiey, ii iiea ie iauanoai, ie caeiiiaaoaee, ie ??enou-i?aeoeee ia aioiau e iiaiaiiio ia?aoiao, aa e neooaoey n i?anooiiinou? ia i?aainoaaeyao aicii?iinoe aey ioeaca io nia?oiie eacie, oae eae ia nouanoaoao aieaa eo?oae caueou eioa?ania ainoaa?noaa, iauanoaa io oy?eeo i?ioeaii?aaiuo iinyaaoaeunoa, ?ai oece?aneia oie?oi?aiea i?anooiieea.
Ineianeay noaiay a?aiioa 1497 aiaa cia?eoaeuii ?anoe?yao neo?ae i?eiaiaiey nia?oiie eacie ii n?aaiaie? n Aaeineie onoaaiie a?aiioie. Nia?oiay eaciu onoaiaaeeaaaony caanu ca ai?inoai a oa?eae, eiiie?aanoai, ainoaa?noaaiio? eciaio, iia?iae, e?a?o, niaa?oaiio? a iinaaa a o?aoee ?ac. Noay ii anaio, Ineianeay a?aiioa, onoaiaaeeaay nia?oio? eaciu, ca ia?a?eneaiiua i?anooieaiey, noaaeea caaa?o ecaaaeouny io iaeaieaa iianiuo aey iauanoaa yeaiaioia.
Iaiaoiaeii ioiaoeou, ?oi ia nia?oiie eacie aieiou ai eiioa XV aaea ea?ae ioia?aoie iau?ay e?iaiie ianoe. Noaa ioeoeaeuiui ainoaa?noaaiiui onoaiiaeaieai, nia?oiay eaciu i?aneaaiaaea i?a?aa anaai oaeu aiciacaey, a oae?a ia?ac?uaii naycaiio? n iei oaeu ono?aoaiey. Aianoa n oai iai?aoeaaaony iuneu, ?oi n ia?aciaaieai e ?acaeoeai ainoaa?noaaiiinoe ia ?one aa?oiaiay aeanou i?iyaeyea ii?aaaeaiio? caaioo i ?ecie, nianoaaiiinoe e i?aaao a?a?aai, a oae?a e i naiae nianoaaiiie aaciianiinoe. Iiyoiio nia?oiay eaciu i?eiaiyeanu oae?a a oaeyo aaciianiinoe anaai iauanoaa e ioiineoaeuiiai niieienoaey ioaaeuiuo a?a?aai.
Iaiaoeaoayny a ia?aie iieiaeia XV aaea oaiaaioey e ?anoe?aie? ioaee?iiai oa?aeoa?a oaieiaiiai iaeacaiey iieo?eea naia caaa?oaiea a Noaaaieea 1497 aiaa, i?eiyoiai i?e Aaeeeii eiyca Eaaia III. Yoio Noaaaiee ?anoe?ee noa?o i?eiaiaiey nia?oiie eacie ii n?aaiaie? n Aaeineie e Ineianeie a?aiioaie.
Nia?oiie eaciu? ea?aeenu: ?acaie, oaeenoai, e?a?a (iiaoi?iay), eeaaaoa, oaeenoai naiaai ainiiaeia, eciaia, nayoioaonoai (a ?anoiinoe, oeuaiea oa?eiaiiai eiouanoaa), e?a?a oieiiia, iia?ia, ainoaa?noaaiiua e ?aeeaeiciua i?anooieaiey.
Noaaaiee 1550 aiaa, i?eiyoue i?e Eaaia IV, onoaiiaee nia?oio? eaciu o?a ca iiiaea i?anooieaiey. Iai?eia?, nia?oiay eaciu iacia?aeanu: ca ia?ao? e?a?o, anee ai? iieiai n iiee?iui eee a i?ioanna iuoee niciaaony a niaayiiii; ca aoi?o? e?a?o eee aoi?ia iioaiie?anoai, anee i?anooiiee i?eciaaony; ca ?acaie eee eiia "eeoia aaei" e o.a. I?e yoii iia?a?eeaae, ?oi ca ia?a?eneaiiua i?anooieaiey nia?oiay eaciu aie?ia iacia?aouny "aac anyeie iiuaau". Noaaaiee i?aaoniao?eaaao aaa aeaa i?ioanna, ii eioi?iio aie?ai auou noaei iaaeiyaiue: ?icuneiie (eieaeceoeiiiue) e ninoycaoaeuiue. Anee i?anooiiee aoaao i?eciai "eeoei", oi neaanoaea inouanoaeyaony i?aaiaie nunea e i?anooiieea iaai iuoaou, o.a. aanoe aaei ii i?aaeeai ?icuneiiai i?ioanna, a anee ii aoaao i?eciai aia?ui, oi aaei aaaaony ii i?aaeeai ninoycaoaeuiiai i?ioanna, o.a. a noaaaiii ii?yaea.
Nia?oiay eaciu auea aiaieuii oe?iei i?aanoaaeaia e iia?iaii ?aaeaiaioe?iaaia a Oei?aiee 1649 aiaa.
Nenoaia iaeacaiee ii naiae ?anoieinoe aiieia niioaaonoaiaaea yiioa ?acaeoiai oaiaaeuiiai iauanoaa a ?innee. Nia?oiay eaciu yaeyeanu iniiaiui aeaii oaieiaiiai iaeacaiey e onoaiaaeeaaeanu ca i?aiu iiiaea i?anooieaiey. Naieoeyie, i?aaoniao?eaa?ueie nia?oio? eaciu, iano?aei Oei?aiea. Ec-ca yoiai ?onneea e?eieiaeenou, caieiaaoeany enneaaiaaieai nia?oiie eacie, ia iiaee inouanoaeou oi?iue iaoaiaoe?aneee iian?ao e onoaiiaeou, a neieueeo neo?ayo e ca eaeea i?anooieaiey Oei?aiea onoaiiaeeaaei nia?oio? eaciu. Oae, Eenoyeianeee ooaa??aae, ?oi nia?oiay eaciu i?aaoniio?aia a 54 neo?ayo, a Na?aeaaneee onoaiiaee 64 neo?ay. Aaei, ?acoiaaony, ia a oi?iii iian?aoa noaoae, naieoee eioi?uo i?aaoniao?eaaee nia?oio? eaciu, a a auyniaiee oa?aeoa?a oao i?anooieaiee, ca eioi?ua iia iiaea iacia?aouny. Yoi i?a?aa anaai ainoaa?noaaiiua e ?aeeaeiciua i?anooieaiey. Neaaoao iniai ioiaoeou, ?oi ia oieuei oaeenoai eee iieooaiea ia oaeenoai ainoaa?y ea?aeinu nia?oiie eaciu?, ii e i?eaioiaeaiea e oaeiio aayie?, e aa?a iaia?o?aiea oiunea ia eeoaiea ?ecie oa?y aeaeei ca niaie nia?oio? eaciu. Nia?oiie eaciu? ea?aeenu oae?a aoio, eciaia, iia?ia n oaeu? eciaiu, ei?iue aiiin i ainoaa?noaaiiuo i?anooieaieyo, caaiai? i?ioea oa?y e aee?ieo aai e?aae. Auaca aac ?ac?aoaiey oa?y a a?oaia ainoaa?noai n oaeu? eciaiu, iia?ia oa?neeo a?aiio, iiaaaeea aaiaa, iaaiianaiey ia eciaia e o.i. ea?aeenu nia?oiie eaciu?.
Noieu oe?ieee e?oa ainoaa?noaaiiuo i?anooieaiee, aeiiaiua a niaa?oaiee eioi?uo iiaaa?aaeenu eeoaie? ?ecie, iauyniyeny oai, ?oi a?aiy niooiiai ia?eiaa eacaeinu nianai iaaaaiei, a aic?anoaiea e?anouyineeo aoioia canoaaeyei aaanoe nenoaio ia? ono?aoaiey, iaania?eaa?ueo aaciianiinou.
Nia?oiie eaciu? iaeacuaaeenu e ?aeeaeiciua i?anooieaiey. E iei ioiineeenu, iai?eia?, aiaiooeunoai e oa?eiaiue iyoa?. Iniai iianiua i?anooieaiey i?ioea ee?iinoe e nianoaaiiinoe oae?a ea?aeenu nia?oiie eaciu?.
Oei?aiea 1649 aiaa i?aaoniao?eaaei iyou aeaia eniieiaiey nia?oiie eacie. Iaiaei i?aaii?eiaieoaeuiay i?aeoeea ia ia?aie?eaaeanu eie, a i?eaaaaea e e a?oaei niiniaai eniieiaiey yoie ia?u iaeacaiey. Nia?oiay eaciu iia?acaaeyeanu ia iaueiiaaiio? e eaaeeoeoe?iaaiio?. E iaueiiaaiiie ioiineeenu: iona?aiea aieiau, iiaaoaiea e ooiieaiea. E eaaeeoeoe?iaaiiie - ni??aiea, caeeoea ai?ea iaoaeeii, ?aoaa?oiaaiea, eieaniaaiea, iina?aiea ia eie e a?. Iaiaoiaeii ioiaoeou, ?oi Oei?aiea, cae?aieyy nia?oio? eaciu, a oaeii ?yaa neo?aaa ia oeacuaaei aa aeaa; yoi naeaaoaeunoaoao i oii, ?oi a yoi a?aiy aua ia i?eaaaaeinu na?uaciiai cia?aiey eiaeaeaoaeecaoee aeiu e iaeacaiey.
Caeiiiaaoaeunoai yiioe Iao?a I ?aua ia?auaaony e nia?oiie eacie ii n?aaiaie? n Oei?aieai 1649 aiaa. Aieineea a?oeeoeu Iao?a I e a?oaea iiiai?eneaiiua oaieiaii-i?aaiaua aeou yoiai ia?eiaa ian?eouaa?o i?eiaiaiea nia?oiie eacie a 123 neo?ayo. Oaeu yoie ea?u ninoiyea a ono?aoaiee, a any ea?aoaeuiay nenoaia iao?ianeie yiioe auea a oaeii "ono?aoeoaeuiie". Iaeeea naieoee a caeiiiaaoaeunoaa Iao?a I, i?aaoniao?eaa?ueo nia?oio? eaciu, iaaiaeo ia iuneu ??acia?iie ?anoieinoe yoo caeiiia. Iaiaei, io?ii ioiaoeou, ?oi yoi auea ia aanoaeuiay ?anoieinou, a niciaoaeuiay iieeoeea, i?iaiaeiay a eioa?anao io?aiu ainoaa?noaaiiiai e iauanoaaiiiai ii?yaea.
E ana ?a nia?oiay eaciu i?eiaiyeanu a yoo yiioo cia?eoaeuii ?a?a, ?ai i?aaoniao?eaaeinu a caeiiiaaoaeunoaa, ca?anoo? iia caiaiyeanu a?oaeie iaeacaieyie, a ca iiiaea aeau i?anooieaiee ia i?eiaiyeanu aiiaua. Iineaaiaa ianoiyoaeunoai aieacuaaao, ?oi eiaiii a iao?ianeo? yiioo eaay ono?aoaiey ainoeaea naiaai aiiaay.
A 1744 aiao ai?u Iao?a I Aeecaaaoa a iioaeeeiaaiiii 7 iay naiaoneii oeaca i?aaienaea i?ae?aoeou ia oa??eoi?ee ?innee yecaeooee iaa ino?aaiiuie e nia?oiie eacie, caiaiea yoo ia?o a?oaeie iaeacaieyie. I?einoaiiaeaiea eniieiaiey i?eaiai?a e nia?oiie eacie i?eaaei e oiio, ?oi o??uiu ieacaeenu ia?aiieiaiu e?auie, ino?aaiiuie e yoiio iaeacaie?. A 1754 aiao ecaaaony oeac, a eioi?ii iiaaa??aaaony i?einoaiiaeaiea i?eaiai?a nia?oiie eacie, a ?oiau i?anooiieee ia inoaaaeenu aac iaeacaiey, i?aaienuaaeinu eo nnueaou, iaeacuaaou eiooii, ?aaou iica?e e eeaeieou. A oii ?a aiao auea nicaaia i?a?aaiay eiaeoeeaoeiiiay eiienney, a caaa?o eioi?ie aoiaeei ninoaaeaiea i?iaeoa iiaiai oei?aiey. A ai?aea 1755 aiaa eiienney iai?aaeea a naiao "noaio?" e "e?eieiaeuio?" ?anoe i?iaeoa. A "e?eieiaeuiie" ?anoe auea niiaa cae?aieaia nia?oiay eaciu, ii a niioaaonoaee n oeacaie naiaoa 1753 aiaa iia iiaea caiaiyouny a?oaeie iaeacaieyie. Oaeei ia?acii ia i?aeoeea nia?oiay eaciu nio?aieeanu oieuei ca ainoaa?noaaiiua, aieineea e ea?aioeiiua i?anooieaiey.
Iaiaoiaeii ioiaoeou, ?oi iiiuoee ioiaieou nia?oio? eaciu ia iaoee iiaaa??ee ie o aai?yinoaa, ie o i?aanoaaeoaeae ainoaa?noaaiiie nenoaiu. Iai?ioea, yoi aucaaei ii?aaaeaiiia i?ioeaiaaenoaea eaae ia ioiaia nia?oiie eacie. Aa e naia Aeecaaaoa ia auea iineaaiaaoaeuiie a ?aaeecaoee caiunea: n iaiie noi?iiu, iia n?eoaea oaeaniia?aciui nio?aiaiea nia?oiie eacie aey ono?aoaiey, n a?oaie - au?a?aea ioa?auaiea e nia?oiui eaciyi e i?einoaiaaeeaaea eo.
A yiioo Aeaoa?eiu II caeiiiaaoaeunoai i nia?oiie eacie ia i?aoa?iaei ieeaeeo eciaiaiee. Iaiaei naia eiia?ao?eoa aieuoia aieiaiea oaaeyao i?iaeaia yoiai aeaa iaeacaiey a Iaeaca ii aii?inai oaieiaiiai iaeacaiey. Iia i?iaiaeo iuneu i iaiaoiaeiinoe niioaaonoaey iaeacaiey i?anooieaie? e i iacia?aiee ?acee?iuo iaeacaiee ca ?acee?iua i?anooieaiey. Aeaoa?eia II, auea i?ioeaieoae nia?oiie eacie, ii aiioneaea aicii?iinou aa i?eiaiaiey, ?anniao?eaay aa eae aicaayiea.
Oaeei ia?acii ai aoi?ie iieiaeia XVIII aaea a ?onneii oaieiaiii caeiiiaaoaeunoaa iaae?aaaony oaiaaioey e nie?auaie? nia?oiie eacie, a ia i?aeoeea - e ia?aie?aie? aa i?eiaiaiey. A yoi ?a a?aiy iiyaey?ony ia?aua aunooieaiey i?ioea i?eiaiaiey nia?oiie eacie a oaieiaiie iieeoeea, ?oi nei?aa anaai auei naycaii n iiyaeaieai iaiaoiaeiinoe ioiaiu e?aiinoiiai i?aaa, a, niioaaonoaaiii, ia?aniio?a iiaoiaa e oaieiaiui naieoeyi n oi?ee c?aiey o?aaiaaiee iiaie i?inaaoeoaeuneie yiioe.
A 1813 aiao aue ?ac?aaioai iiaue i?iaeo Oaieiaiiai oei?aiey. A iai aia?aua a enoi?ee ?onneiai oaieiaiiai caeiiiaaoaeunoaa auea ?ac?aaioaia nenoaia iaeacaiee, aee??aiiay a Iauo? ?anou. I?iaeo ii?aaaeye naiu ?iaia iaeacaiee n iia?acaaeaieai eo ia ?aciua noaiaie: nia?oiay eaciu, eeoaiea anao iieeoe?aneeo e a?a?aaineeo i?aa (a?a?aaineay nia?ou); eeoaiea naiaiau e ?anoe; aann?i?iia eeoaiea naiaiau; aaia?iua iaie; oa?eiaiia iieayiea. Ii a 1824 aiao i?iaeo Oaieiaiiai oei?aiey ia aue i?eiyo Ainoaa?noaaiiui Niaaoii. Iniiaiay i?e?eia ninoiyea a oii, ?oi eiaee ianoi na?uaciua aic?a?aiey ioiineoaeuii aee??aiey nia?oiie eacie a nenoaio iaeacaiee.
Ainoanoaea ia i?anoie eiia?aoi?a Ieeieay I iciaiaiiaaeinu ainnoaieai ia Naiaoneie ieiuaae, iiaaaeaieai aai e eaciu? iyoe aaeaa?enoia. Noa iaa ieie inouanoaeyeny ia aunoei noaaaiui i?aaiii ?innee - Naiaoii (oioy aaea i i?anooieaieyo, cao?aaeaa?ueo iniiau ainoaa?noaaiiiai no?iy, auee iianoaiu Naiaoo), a nicaaiiui ii oeacaie? eiia?aoi?a Iniaui noaaaiui i?enoonoaeai - Aa?oiaiui oaieiaiui noaii. Nia?oiue i?eaiai? aue auianai 36 aaeaa?enoai. A iainiiaaiea i?eiaiaiey nia?oiie eacie noa nnueaeny ia Oei?aiea 1649 aiaa, Ii?neie onoaa 1720 aiaa, Aieineee onoaa 1716 aiaa, Iieaaia oaieiaiia oei?aiea aey aaenoao?uae a?iee 1813 aiaa e a?oaea aeou. A i?eaiai?a aue ii?aaaeai niinia i?eiaiaiey nia?oiie eacie: ?aoaa?oiaaiea, i?aaoniio?aiiia 19 A?oeeoeii aieineiai onoaa 1716 aiaa.
?eai Aa?oiaiiai noaa, noaeaoaai aaeaa?enoia, - a?ao Ii?aaeiia, i?eian aiaeeyoe? ia i?eaiai?, n?eoay aai iacaeiiiui. Iaai ioiaoeou, ?oi eiaiii Ii?aaeiia aunooiae i?ioea i?iaeoa Oaieiaiiai oei?aiey 1813 aiaa. Aic?a?ay i?ioea i?eaiai?a, ii nnueaeny ia Oeac 1753 aiaa, eioi?ue i?aaienuaae ia eniieiyou nia?oiua i?eaiai?u e ia aaeaaoee ieeaeeo enee??aiee aey iieeoe?aneeo i?anooieaiee. Ieeieae I, oioy e inoaaee aiaeeyoe? aac aieiaiey, oai ia iaiaa ooaa?aee oieuei iyou nia?oiuo i?eaiai?ia ?a?ac iiaaoaiea. Inoaeuiui i?eaiai?aiiui nia?oiay eaciu auea caiaiaia eaoi?aie.
Naia caeiiia ?inneeneie eiia?ee 1832 aiaa, anooieaoee a aaenoaea 1 yiaa?y 1835 aiaa, aia?aua aiaieuii ?aoei ii?aaaeeee i?aaaeu i?eiaiaiey nia?oiie eacie. Iia iiaea iacia?aouny oieuei ca iaeaieaa oy?eea aeau ainoaa?noaaiiuo i?anooieaiee eeou a oao neo?ayo, eiaaa aaea ia yoeo i?aooieaieyo ia?aaaaaeenu ia ?anniio?aiea Aa?oiaiiai oaieiaiiai noaa. Nia?oiay eaciu aiioneaeanu oae?a e ca ea?aioeiiua i?anooieaiey, e, iaeiiao, - ca aieineea i?anooieaiey, niaa?oaiiua ai a?aiy aiaiiiai iioiaa. Ii iineieueo Naia caeiiia 1832 aiaa niaa??ae ?ya nouanoaaiiuo iaainoaeia, oi anei?a aue ia?aciaai iniaue eiieoao iia ?oeiaianoaii Aeoaiaa, caaa?a eioi?iai auea ninoaaeou i?iaeo iiaiai oei?aiey. Aeoaia ??eae?anee iainiiauaae i?aaiia?iinou nouanoaiaaiey nia?oiie eacie a ?innee, ooaa??aay, ?oi caeiiiaaoaeuiui iooai iia ia auea ioiaiaia ie i?e Aeecaaaoa, ie i?e Aeaoa?eia II.
I?iaeo Oei?aiey i iaeacaieyo oaieiaiuo e eni?aaeoaeuiuo 1845 aiaa i?aaeaaae onoaiiaeou nia?oio? eaciu ca aa?iaeoea ainoaa?noaaiiua i?anooieaiey, oiuoeaiiia oaeenoai ?iaeoaeae, ca aoi?e?iua oy?eea i?anooieaiey (oaeenoai, iia?ia, ?acaie, a?aaa?) e aa?iaeoea ea?aioeiiua i?anooieaiey. Iinea ei??aeoe?iaee Ieeieaai I Oei?aiea i iaeacaieyo nia?oiay eaciu i?aaoniao?eaaeanu oieuei ca ainoaa?noaaiiua e ea?aioeiiua i?anooieaiey.
Oei?aiea i iaeacaieyo oaieiaiuo e eni?aaeoaeuiuo 1885 aiaa aini?iecaaei ana iiei?aiey i nia?oiie eacie Oei?aiey 1845 aiaa. Yoe caeiiiaaoaeuiua aeou oae ?a, eae e Oei?aiea 1903, aiaa nie?aoeee i?eiaiaiea nia?oiie eacie ii n?aaiaie? n ?aiaa aaenoaiaaoei oaieiaiui caeiiiaaoaeunoaii.
Iniai oioaeinu au ioiaoeou iiaiea iaiiai ec ?onneeo ??enoia ?e?a?eia, eioi?ue i?eiaaea?ae e ?eneo noi?iiieeia ia?aie?aiiiai i?eiaiaiey nia?oiie eacie e n?eoae, ?oi ni?aaaaeeainou, aace?o?uayny ia ia i?eioeia yeaeaaeaioa, - iniiaiiai i?eioeia iaeacaiey - "...aea?ao ca niaie o?aaiaaiea nia?oiie eacie ca oaeenoai...
?ai auoa oaieony ?aeiaa?aneay ?eciu, oai auoa aie?ii auou e iaeacaiea ca aa ioiyoea..." Aianoa n oai ?e?a?ei i?eciaaae aanuia na?uaciuie aic?a?aiey i?ioeaieeia nia?oiie eacie a oie ?anoe, aaa ?a?u oea i iaaicii?iinoe eni?aaeaiey i?anooiieea a neo?aa aa i?eiaiaiey. Ii yoi aic?a?aiea cia?eoaeuii ineaaeyaony oai niia?a?aieai, ?oi nia?oiay eaciu neeuiaa anaai aaenoaoao ia aooo ?aeiaaea, canoaaeyy aai ?aneayouny. I?iaie?ay ecei?aiio? iuneu ?e?a?eia, iaai aiaaaeou, ?oi iauanoai ia caeioa?aniaaii a ?aneayiee i?anooiieea e a aai eni?aaeaiee. Aieaa aa?iie caaa?ae yaeyaony iaaciianeou iauanoai io aicii?iiai iiaoi?aiey i?anooieaiey, ?oi yooaeoeaiae anaai ainoeaaaony oie?oi?aieai i?anooiieea.
A iineaaiea aaa aanyoeeaoey XIX aaea e a ia?aea XX aaea nia?oiay eaciu a ?innee i?eiaiyeanu ia iniiaa Iiei?aiey i ia?ao e io?aiaie? ainoaa?noaaiiiai ii?yaea e iauanoaaiiiai niieienoaey io 4 naioya?y 1881 aiaa. Iiei?aiea i?aainoaaeyei aunoei aaieieno?aoeaiui ?eiai ia?aaaaaou ia ?anniio?aiea aiaiiuo noaia aey ino?aaiey ii caeiiai aiaiiiai a?aiaie aaea i aii?o?aiiii nii?ioeaeaiee aeanoyi, oiuoeaiiii iia?iaa, i?eaaaaiee a iaaiaiinou i?aaiaoia aieineiai nia?y?aiey e i iaeioi?uo a?oaeo i?anooieaieyo.
I?a?aaiay iiiuoea ioiaiu nia?oiie eacie auea i?iecaaaaia 19 e?iy 1906 aiaa ia canaaaiee ia?aie Ainoaa?noaaiiie Aoiu i?e iano?aaiee i?iaeoa caeiia ia ioiaia nia?oiie eacie. Iaiaei iinea i?eiyoey yoiai caeiia a Ainoaa?noaaiiie Aoia ii ia aue ooaa??aai Ainoaa?noaaiiui Niaaoii.
Iinea oaa?aeuneie ?aaie?oee 1917 aiaa A?aiaiiia i?aaeoaeunoai a ia?aua aie naiaai nouanoaiaaiey i?eiyei ?ya i?ia?anneaiuo aaiie?aoe?aneeo aeoia. 12 ia?oa 1917 aiaa auei iioaeeeiaaii i?aaeoaeunoaaiiia iinoaiiaeaiea i iianaianoie ioiaia nia?oiie eacie. Iaiaei o?a 12 e?ey 1917 aiaa iia auea ainnoaiiaeaia ia o?iioa ca oaeenoai, ?acaie, eciaio, iiaaa e iai?eyoae?, naa?o a ieai, ooia n iiey aiy, o.a. ca ?ya ainoaa?noaaiiuo e aieineeo i?anooieaiee a aiaiiia a?aiy.
A nayce n yoeie niauoeyie aicieeaao aii?in, eae niaianoeou ?ai?annee, eioi?ua i?eia?aoaee ianniaue oa?aeoa? n i?eioeiii caeiiiinoe e n oai, ?oi, ii nooe aaea, ?anno?aeu inouanoaeyeenu aac noaa e neaanoaey, aac oi?iiai onoaiaaeaiey i?eciaeia eiie?aoiiai ninoaaa i?anooieaiey, oioy ioeoeaeuii nia?oiay eaciu auea ioiaiaia. Ana yoi iauyniyaony nei?iie, yeno?aiaeuiie, iieeoe?aneie ianoaiiaeie a no?aia. Ia naiii aaea aiionoeii i?eiaiaiea ??acau?aeiuo ia?, a oii ?enea e aianoaaaiiai oa?aeoa?a, a oneiaeyo aiaiiiai a?aiaie, eae yoi iieacuaaao iaoe?iue iiuo i?eiaiaiey nia?oiie eacie a ?aciuo ainoaa?noaao.
5 naioya?y 1918 aiaa NIE ?NON? i?eiye iinoaiiaeaiea "I e?aniii oa??i?a", a eioi?ii aiai?eeinu, ?oi ana eeoa, o?anoao?uea a aayoaeuiinoe aaeiaaa?aaeneeo i?aaiecaoee, i?e?anoiua e caaiai?ai e iyoa?ai, iiaea?ao ?anno?aeo. A yoii iinoaiiaeaiee auea oae?a iaiai?aia iaiaoiaeiinou iioaeeeiaaiey eiai anao ?anno?aeyiiuo e iniiaaiee i?eiaiaiey e iei yoie ia?u iaeacaiey.
16 e?iy 1918 aiaa Ia?eii?no ?NON? cae?aiee a naiai iinoaiiaeaiee, ?oi o?eaoiaeu a auai?a ia? ai?uau n naaioa?ai e i?i?eie i?anooieaieyie ia naycaiu ieeaeeie ia?aie?aieyie. Oai naiui o?eaoiaeai i?aainoaaeyeinu i?aai auiineou i?eaiai?u e ?anno?aeo.
A e?ia 1919 aiaa auee ?anoe?aiu i?aaa A?E a ?anoe i?eiaiaiey ?anno?aea. Ca i?aaiaie A?E niaeanii Aae?aoo AOEE io 20 e?iy 1919 aiaa nio?aiyeinu i?aai iaiin?aanoaaiiie ?ani?aau, aieiou ai ?anno?aea a ianoiinoyo, iauyaeaiiuo ia aiaiiii iiei?aiee, ca i?anooieaiey, oeacaiiua a naiii iinoaiiaeaiee i aaaaaiee aiaiiiai iiei?aiey, a eiaiii: ca ainoaa?noaaiio? eciaio, oieiia?, oe?uaaoaeunoai eciaiieeia e oieiiia, i?eiaaea?iinou e eiio??aaie?oeiiiui i?aaiecaoeyi e o?anoea a caaiai?a, nie?uoea aiaaiai i?o?ey, iiaaaeeo aaia?iuo ciaeia, iiaeia aieoiaioia, o?anoea a iia?iaao e ac?uaao, oiuoeaiiia iia?a?aaiea ?aeaciiai?i?iuo iooae, iinoia e a?oaeo nii?o?aiee, ?acaie e aii?o?aiiue a?aaa?, oi?aiae? ia?eioeeaie. N?aae yoeo aayiee, iaeacuaaaiuo nia?oiie eaciu?, o?a iiyaeeenu iaeioi?ua i?anooieaiey i?ioea nianoaaiiinoe, ee?iinoe, a ia oieuei ainoaa?noaaiiua.
Nia?oiay eaciu a aeaa ?anno?aea auea aia?aua caeiiiaaoaeuii cae?aieaia a ?oeiaiayueo ia?aeao ii oaieiaiiio i?aao ?NON? 1919 aiaa -ia?aii caeiiiaaoaeuiii aeoa, aaa auee ?aaeaiaioe?iaaiu iniiaiua iiei?aiey e einoeooou iiaiai oaieiaiiai i?aaa.
Ianiio?y ia ianniaue oa?aeoa? eiaaoeo ianoi a yoio ia?eia ?ai?annee, aicieeee ii?aaaeaiiua i?aaei?aiey ia ioiaia nia?oiie eacie. Eieoeaoi?ii ioiaiu yoiai iaeacaiey aue Aca??eineee, eioi?ue aioae a Iieeoa??i OE ?EI(a) n iiaiaiui i?aaei?aieai. Auei ?aoaii i?ae?aoeou ianoiuie ?E n 1 oaa?aey 1920 aiaa i?eiaiaiey aunoae ia?u iaeacaiey e ia?aaaou ana aaea, ii eioi?ui iiaei au a?iceou oaeia iaeacaiea, a ?aao?eaoiae. Eaiei, n?eoay nia?oio? eaciu a?aiaiiie, enee??eoaeuiie ia?ie iaeacaiey, i?eiaiaiea eioi?ie caaeneo io aioo?aiiae ianoaiiaee a no?aia e ia?aoia?iaiiai iiei?aiey, oeacuaae, ?oi, oioy nia?oiay eaciu e auea ioiaiaia, ainnoaiiaeaiea ?anno?aeia aiieia aicii?ii.
Aaeuiaeoaa ?acaeoea niauoee i?eaaei e oiio, ?oi auei i?aainoaaeaii i?aai i?eiaiaiey nia?oiie eacie. A eoiaa ?anno?aeu i?eiyee aua aieaa o?ana?uee oa?aeoa?, iai?eia?, oieuei a 1920 aiao e nia?oiie eacie auei i?eaiai?aii 6541 ?aeiaae.
A i?ioanna iiaaioiaee i?iaeoa OE ?NON? 1922 aiaa Eaiei oeacae, ?oi a iai io?ii aaou ia ??eae?aneia, a iieeoe?aneia iainiiaaiea oa??i?a. Oaeei ia?acii ??eae?aneee oa?iei "nia?oiay eaciu" caiaiyaony ia iieeoe?aneee - "oa??i?". Oioaeinu au iniai ia?aoeou aieiaiea ia yoo noi?iio i?iaeaiu nia?oiie eacie a niaaoneie oaieiaii-i?aaiaie iieeoeea, aaa oaeoe?anee ai i?eiyoey iuia aaenoaiaaoaai OE aiieie?iaaei iiaiea, ?oi nia?oiay eaciu aie?ia ?anniao?eaaouny a ieaia oa??i?a. Oaeay ioaiea i?aanoaaeyaony ioeai?iie. Nia?oiay eaciu ii?ao ioi?aanoaeyouny n oa??i?ii oieuei a oneiaeyo ??acau?aeiiai iiei?aiey a no?aia, eiaaa oa??i? yaeyaony aaeinoaaiiui yooaeoeaiui n?aanoaii aey ai?uau n iieeoe?aneeie i?ioeaieeaie. Iaiaei a ia?eia ii?iaeuiiai ie?iiai ?acaeoey ainoaa?noaa, anee iii n?eoaao oaeaniia?aciui nio?aiaiea nia?oiie eacie a caeiiiaaoaeunoaa, oi yoi o?a ia iieeoe?aneea ?ai?annee eee oa??i?, a aea oaieiaiie naieoee. Ioi?aanoaeaiea nia?oiie eacie e oa??i?a oa?aeoa?ii aey aaoi?eoa?iiai ?a?eia. Yoa eiioaioey aicieeea ia iniiaa ioeai?iuo iiei?aiee noaeeineiai ia?eiaa ia oneeaiee eeanniaie ai?uau e ?anoe?aiee ??acau?aeiuo ia? a ie?iia a?aiy a ia?eia ?acaeoey Niaaoneiai ainoaa?noaa.
Nenoaia iaeacaiee, i?aaoniio?aiiay OE ?NON? 1922 aiaa, ia aee??aea nia?oio? eaciu. Ii?ia i nia?oiie eacie a aeaa ?anno?aea auea iiiauaia a ioaaeuiie noaoua. Neaaiaaoaeuii, caeiiiaaoaeu ioiineeny e ?anno?aeo eae e yeno?ai?aeia?iie ia?a oaieiaiiai iaeacaiey. I?aai i?eiaiaiey nia?oiie eacie i?aainoaaeyeinu oieuei aiaiiui o?eaoiaeai. Iau?iua noau ia iiaee iacia?aou yoo ia?o iaeacaiey. A aaeuiaeoai noaouy i nia?oiie eacie auea aiiieiaia: iia ia iiaea i?eiaiyouny e eeoai, ia ainoeaoei 18-eaoiiai aic?anoa, e e ?aiueiai, iaoiayueiny a ninoiyiee aa?aiaiiinoe. Anaai ii OE 1922 nia?oiay eaciu, eae i?aaeei a ea?anoaa aeuoa?iaoeaiie naieoee, onoaiaaeeaaeanu ii 28 ninoaaai i?anooieaiey. Oa ?a naiua iiei?aiey auee cae?aieaiu a Iniiaiuo ia?aeao oaieiaiiai caeiiiaaoaeunoaa NNN? e ni?ciuo ?anioaeee 1924 aiaa. A OE ?NON? 1926 aiaa yoa ia?a iaeacaiey i?aoa?iaea iaeio?ua eciaiaiey a niunea oiaiuoaiey ?enea ninoaaia i?anooieaiey, ii eioi?ui iiaea iacia?aouny nia?oiay eaciu.
Ianiio?y ia oi, ?oi Niaaoneia ainoaa?noai anaaaa ioiineeinu e nia?oiie eacie eae e a?aiaiiie e enee??eoaeuiie ia?a oaieiaiiai iaeacaiey, yoa ia?a ie 20-a, ie a 30-a aiau ia auea ioiaiaia. Aieaa oiai, auaaeiooay Noaeeiui oai?ey oneeaiey eeanniaie ai?uau ii ia?a i?eaee?aiey e nioeaeecio aeaeea ca niaie o?anoi?aiea ?aia?annee. Ana yoi ia iiaei iaeoe io?a?aiey a aaenoao?uai oaieiaiii caeiiiaaoaeunoaa. Ii?iaoeaiua aeou oiai ia?eiaa onoaiaaeeaaee enee??eoaeuiue ii?yaie ?anneaaiaaiey e noaaaiiai ?anniio?aiey aae i a?aaeoaeunoaa, oa??i?enoe?aneeo aeoao e aeaa?neyo: neaanoaea ii yoei aaeai aie?ii auei aanoenu ia aieaa 10 aiae; iaaeieoaeuiia caee??aiea i?aanoaaeyeinu iaaeiyaiiio ca iaei aaiu ai ?anniio?aiey aaea a noaa; eannaoeiiiia ia?aeiaaiea ia aiioneaeinu; aaea neooaeenu aac o?anoey noi?ii; i?eaiai? e aunoae ia?a iaeacaiey i?eaiaeeny a eniieiaiea iaiaaeaiii ii auianaiee i?eaiai?a.
Neaao?uei e?oiiui yoaiii a enoi?ee nia?oiie eacie a NNN? yaeyaony ioiaia nia?oiie eacie Oeacii I?aceaeoia Aa?oiaiiai Niaaoa NNN? io 26 iay 1947 aiaa. Yoio Oeac onoaiiaee, ?oi ca i?anooieaiey, iaeacoaiua ii aaenoao?uei caeiiai nia?oiie eaciu?, a ie?iia a?aiy i?eiaiyaony caee??aiea a eni?aaeoaeuii-o?oaiaua eaaa?y n?ieii ia 25 eao. Iaiaei aianoa n yoei Oeacii aaenoaiaaea nae?aoiay ae?aeoeaa, niaeanii eioi?ie nia?oiay eaciu iiaea i?eiaiyouny niaoeaeuiuie noaaie IAA ii aaeai i eiio??aaie?oeiiiuo i?anooieaieyo. Oaeei ia?acii ana i?aaienaiey caeiiiaaoaeuiie aeanoe auee ia?a?a?eioou nei?eaoaeny i?aeoeeie. E eeou 12 yiaa?y 1950 aiaa nia?oiay eaciu auea aiiau caeiiiaaoaeuii cae?aieaia Oeacii I?aceaeoia AN NNN? "I i?eiaiaiee nia?oiie eacie e eciaiieeai ?iaeiu, oieiiai, iia?uaieeai-aeaa?naioai", a 1954 aiao nia?oiay eaciu auea aaaaaia ca oiuoeaiiia oaeenoai.
Iniiau oaieiaiiai caeiiiaaoaeunoaa NNN? e ni?ciuo ?anioaeee 1958 aiaa ia aee??aee nia?oio? eaciu a nenoaio iaeacaiee, a auaaeeee aa a naiinoiyoaeuio? noaou? a ea?anoaa enee??eoaeuiie e a?aiaiiie ia?u oaieiaiiai iaeacaiey. Iie onoaiiaeee en?a?iuaa?uee ia?a?aiu i?anooieaiee, ca eioi?ua aiioneaeinu i?eiaiaiea nia?oiie eacie: eciaia ?iaeia, oieiia?, aeaa?ney, oa??i?enoe?aneee aeo, aaiaeoeci e oiuoeaiiia oaeenoai i?e ioya?a?ueo ianoiyoaeunoaao. Iniiau aiionoeee oae?a aicii?iinou i?eiaiaiey nia?oiie eacie a oneiaeyo aiaiiiai a?aiaie eee a aiaaie ianoaiiaea e ca a?oaea iniai oy?eea i?anooieaiey a neo?ayo, i?aaoniio?aiiuo caeiiiaaoaeunoaii NNN?.
27 ieoya?y 1960 aiaa ia o?aouae nannee AN ?NON? iyoiai nicuaa aue i?eiyo aaenoao?uee e nae?an Oaieiaiue eiaaen ?NON?. A caeiia ?NON? "Ia ooaa??aaiee OE ?NON?" auei oeacaii, ?oi ii aaiaeony a aaenoaea n 1 yiaa?y 1961 aiaa. Ai iaoeo aiae yoio OE i?aoa?iaaae iii?anoai eciaiaiee, ?oi auei naycaii ia oieuei n eciaiaieyie a oaeiaii-i?aaiaie aieo?eia ?innee, ii e iieeoe?aneie ianoaiiaeie a no?aia, ?oi aanuia oa?aeoa?ii aey ?inneeneiai ainoaa?noaa n a?aiai Ieoya?uneie ?aaie?oee 1917 aiaa. I?aanoaaeyaony, ?oi yoe eciaiaiey aa?a a aieuoae noaiaie caaeneee io iieeoeee, ?ai io a?oaeo oaeoi?ia, eioi?ua a ia?ao? i?a?aau aie?iu auee iiaeeyou ia caeiiiaaoaeunoai. Yoi yaeyaony e?oiiui iaainoaoeii ?inneeneiai oaieiaiiai caeiiiaaoaeunoaa.
Ioiineoaeuii nia?oiie eacie iaiaoiaeii ioiaoeou, ?oi yoa ia?a iaeacaiey ia auea aee??aia a ia?a?aiu iaeacaiee, oeacaiiue a no. 21 OE ?NON?. Iia auaaeaia a ioaaeuiie Noaoua, eae enee??eoaeuiay ia?a iaeacaiey (no. 23), aaa aiai?eony, ?oi nia?oiay eaciu ii?ao i?eiaiyouny ca iniai oy?eea i?anooieaiey ii OE ?NON?. Ia iiaea?ao oaeiio iaeacaie? ?aiueiu, eeoa, iaainoeaoea 18-eaoiaai aic?anoa e iiiaioo niaa?oaiey i?anooieaiey, e io??eiu noa?oa 65 eao. A yoie ?a Noaoua cae?aieai noaaoee o?aaeoeiiiui aey ?inneeneiai oaieiaiiai caeiiiaaoaeunoaa aea eacie - ?anno?ae.
A OE iaia?aaony ii?aaaeaiiay aaienoaaiiinou a ioiioaiee nia?oiie eacie. I?a?aa anaai niaa?oaiii iaiiiyoii, eae caeiiiaaoaeu ioiineony e nia?oiie eacie. Oi?iaeuii iia yaeyaony iaiei ec aeaia iaeacaiey, ii, oae eae ia aee??aia a ia?a?aiu aeaia iaeacaiey, ii?ii i?aaiiei?eou, ?oi, i?iaie?ay o?aaeoee niaaoneie oaieiaii-i?aaiaie aieo?eiu, iia ioiineony e oa??i?o. Yoi niaa?oaiii iaaiionoeii a nia?aiaiiue ia?eia ?acaeoey ainoaa?noaa e iauanoaa. Aaeaa, a Noaoua i oaeyo iaeacaiey (no. 20) oeacuaaaony n?aae inoaeuiuo oaeae "eni?aaeaiea e ia?aainieoaiea ino?aaiiuo". Anee iiaoiaeou e nia?oiie eacie n oi?ee c?aiey iaeacaiey, iaia?aaony i?ioeai?a?ea aaoo noaoae, oae eae ia i?aanoaaeyaony aicii?iui aiai?eou ia "eni?aaeaiee e ia?aainieoaiee" a neo?aa i?eiaiaiey enee??eoaeuiie ia?u iaeacaiey. Iaiaoiaeii iaiyou ii?aaaeaiea oaeae iaeacaiey, aaa aie?ii auou io?a?aii, ?oi ia anaie aeaaie iaeacaiey ainoe?eiu yoe iinoaaeaiiua oaee. I?e yoii, nia?oio? eaciu neaaoao oeacaou a ia?a?ia aeaia iaeacaiey a ea?anoaa enee??eoaeuiie ia?u e ?acuynieou, ?oi aa enee??eoaeuiinou eae ?ac e ninoieo a oii, ?oi iia ia ii?ao ii naiae i?e?iaa iai?aaeyouny ia "eni?aaeaiea e ia?aainieoaiea".
?anoe?ii oaeie iiaoia a caeiiiaaoaeuiie i?iaeaiaoeea nia?oiie eacie iaoae io?a?aiea a i?iaeoa OE ?O, i?eiyoui iinoaiiaeaieai Ainoaa?noaaiiie Aoiu Oaaa?aeuiiai Nia?aiey ?O "I i?iaeoa Oaieiaiiai eiaaena ?inneeneie Oaaa?aoee" 22 aaeaa?y 1994 aiaa. A i?iaeoa OE ?O nia?oiay eaciu aee??aia a ia?a?aiu aeaia iaeacaiey (no. 46). Ii a ii?aaaeaiee oaeae (no. 45) iaeacaiey ii-i?a?iaio oeao?e?oao oaeu eni?aaeaiey, oioy a iiaie o?aeoiaea iia ii?ao enoieeiauaaouny eae ia iaycaoaeuiay oaeu. Iaiaei nia?oiay eaciu ii?aaaeaia eae iniiaiia iaeacaiea (no. 47), o.a. o?a ia iia?a?eeaaaony aa enee??eoaeuiinou. A i?iaeoa OE ?NON? o?a a Iauae ?anoe aiai?eony i i?anooieaieyo, ca eioi?ua ii?ao i?eiaiyouny nia?oiay eaciu (i.1 no. 58): "...oieuei ca iniai oy?eea i?anooieaiey, iinyaa?uea ia ?eciu." E?oa eeo, e eioi?ui ii?ao i?eiaiyouny nia?oiay eaciu, inoaeny aac eciaiaiee ii n?aaiaie? n aaenoao?uei OE. Oae?a inoaaeai aac eciaiaiee aeuoa?iaoeaiue oa?aeoa? aunoae ia?u iaeacaiey, o.a. anee ca niaa?oaiiia i?anooieaiea i?aaoniio?aia nia?oiay eaciu, oi iia ia yaeyaony aaeinoaaiiui iaeacaieai, eioi?ia ii?ao auou i?eiaiaii e i?anooiieeo. Ii aaenoao?uaio caeiiiaaoaeunoao nia?oiay eaciu a ii?yaea iiieeiaaiey ii?ao caiaiyouny ia ii?eciaiiia eeoaiea naiaiau (?. 1 no. 24) (oioy caanu eiaaony a aeao, ?oi nia?oiay eaciu ii?ao auou caiaiaia oae?a ia n?ie eeoaiey naiaiau ia n?ie ia auoa 15 eao); a i?iaeoa OE nia?oiay eaciu ii?ao auou caiaiaia a ii?yaea iiieeiaaiey ii?eciaiiui eeoaieai naiaiau eee ia n?ie 25 eao. Oai naiui a i?iaeoa OE ca?aiaa ?aoei ii?aaaeai n?ie, ia eioi?ue ii?ao caiaiyouny nia?oiay eaciu a ii?yaea iiieeiaaiey. Oa?aeoa?ii, ?oi a oaeia iiei?aiea, eioi?ia ia i?aaoniao?eaaao caee??aiea eeoaiea naiaiau ia n?ie aieaa 15 eao (ii i?iaeoo OE ?O - 25 eao), ii ia ii?eciaiii, caeiiiaaoaeu ia aeeaauaaao ieeaeiai niunea. Nei?aa anaai, iiaiaiia iiei?aiea yaeyaony iaai?aaioaiiui.
Eae aaenoao?uee OE ?NON?, oae e i?iaeo OE ?O inoaaey?o aii?inu i i?eiaiaiee n?iea aaaiinoe e eeoo, niaa?oeaoaio i?anooieaiea, iaeacoaiia nia?oiie eaciu?, e i i?eiaiaiee n?iea aaaiinoe e eeoo, i?eaiai?aiiiio e nia?oiie eacie, ia oniio?aiea noaa.
Ii aaenoao?uaio caeiiiaaoaeunoao nia?oiay eaciu ii?ao iacia?aouny ca ainoaoi?ii iaoe?iue e?oa i?anooieaiee. I?a?aa anaai e iei ioiinyony oy?eea i?anooieaiey i?ioea ?ecie ?aeiaaea. Naiia "ciaiaieoia" ec ieo - yoi oiuoeaiiia oaeenoai i?e ioya?a?ueo ianoiyoaeunoaao (no. 102). Nia?oiie eaciu? ea?a?ony oae?a e aieuoeinoai aieineeo i?anooieaiee, iiaeaeoeo oy?eea iineaanoaey eee niaa?oaiiua a aiaaie ianoaiiaea eee a aiaiiia a?aiy (ae. 12). Iiiaea ainoaa?noaaiiua i?anooieaiey oaeea, eae eciaia ?iaeia (no. 64), oieiia? (no. 65), oa??i?enoe?aneea aeou (?. 1 no. 66, ?.1 no. 67), aaiaeoeci (no. 77) e o.a., iaeacoaiu nia?oiie eaciu?. Oi, ?oi n?aae i?anooieaiee, ca niaa?oaiea eioi?uo a aeaa iaeacaiey i?aaoniio?aia nia?oiay eaciu, yaeyaony ia?a?eoeii "niaaoneiai" ia?eiaa e "ionoaeiai", iaoeaeeeciaaiiiai iiaoiaa e i?eiaiaie? oaeiai aeaa iaeacaiey. E oaeei ?a i?anooieaieyi ioiinyony oaii aicaooiiai noaia, iiaeaeoee aeaaeu e?aae, i?e?eiaiea oy?eeo oaeaniuo iia?a?aaiee eee, anee ii niaa?oai i?aaieciaaiiie a?oiiie (?. 3 no. 213(2)); oa??i?eci a oie ?anoe, anee yoi aayiea iiiaaaao iia aaenoaea ?. 3 no. 213(3).
Iaiaei, ?oi aieuoa anaai oaeaeyao ia oieuei i?ioeaieeia, ii e noi?iiieeia nia?oiie eacie, yoio aea iaeacaiey i?aaoniio?ai ca niaa?oaiea ecianeeiaaiea iniai oy?eei ?aoeaeaenoii eee, iiaeaeoaa oy?eea iineaanoaey, a ?aaii e ecianeeiaaiea iaeieaoiae (?. 4 no. 117). A yoii neo?aa i?anooieaiea ia iinyaaao ia ?eciu ?aeiaaea, o.a. aa?a n oi?ee c?aiey e?iaiie ianoe iii ia aie?ii ea?aouny noieu no?iaui iaeacaieai.
A eoiaa, aaenoao?uee OE ?NON? ia ioee?aaony oi?ioae ?aaeaiaioaoeae i?eiaiaiey nia?oiie eacie eae aeaa iaeacaiey. Yoi yaeyaony iineaanoaeai iieiie ianiaianoeiinoe niaaoneiai aieo?eiaeuiiai iiaoiaa e aunoae ia?a iaeacaiey e nia?aiaiiuo iauanoaaiiuo, iieeoe?aneeo oneiaee, eioi?ua nei?eeenu a ?innee ia naaiaiyoiee aaiu. Ianiio?y ia oi, ?oi ioiineoaeuii nia?iie eacie ia i?ioy?aiee anaai a?aiaie aaenoaey OE ?NON? a iaai aiineeenu cia?eoaeuiua eciaiaiey, yoi ia ono?aieei ana iaainoaoee e ioeai?iua iiei?aiey. Aieaa eiyeuiue iiaoia e caeiiiaaoaeuiie ?aaeaiaioaoee nia?oiie eacie i?inea?eaaaony a i?iaeoa OE ?O. Io?ii ioiaoeou, ?oi oai cia?eoaeuii nie?auai e?oa i?anooieaiee, niaa?oaiea eioi?uo i?eaiaeo e i?eiaiaie? nia?oiie eacie. Iia ii?ao iacia?aouny, eae o?a aiai?eeinu, oieuei ca iniai oy?eea i?anooieaiey, iinyaa?uea ia ?eciu ?aeiaaea. Oai?aoe?anee nia?oiay eaciu i?aaoniio?aia oieuei o?aiy noaouyie: oiuoeaiiia oaeenoai i?e ioya?a?ueo ianoiyoaeunoaao (i.i. 2,3 no. 103); oa??i?eci, niaa?oaiiue i?anooiiui niiauanoaii (i. 3 no. 196); aaiioea (no. 335). Iaiaoiaeii ioiaoeou, ?oi ioaaonoaaiiinou ca aieineea i?anooieaiey, niaa?oaiiua a aiaiiia a?aiy eee a aiaaie ianoaiiaea, ia ?aaeaiaioe?oaony OE, a ii?aaaeyaony caeiiiaaoaeunoaii aiaiiiai a?aiaie. Iiyoiio nouanoao?o aiieia ainoaoi?iua iniiaaiey i?aaiiei?eou, ?oi yoi caeiiiaaoaeunoai aoaao oeacuaaou ia i?eiaiaiea nia?oiie eacie, ii a niioaaonoaee n OE iia e a aiaiiia a?aiy ii?ao i?eiaiyouny oieuei a neo?ayo niaa?oaiey oy?eeo i?anooieaiee, iinyaa?ueo ia ?eciu ?aeiaaea.
A caee??aiea aiaeeca nia?aiaiiiai aaenoao?uaai oaieiaiiai caeiiiaaoaeunoaa i nia?oiie eacie a ?innee e i?iaeoa OE ?O oioaeinu au i?aanoaaeou ii?aaaeaiio? iiaaeu yoiai aeaa iaeacaiey. I?a?aa anaai, eae o?a aiai?eeinu auoa, iiei?aiey i nia?oiie eacie ia aie?iu anooiaou a i?ioeai?a?ey n iniiaiuie oi?ioee?iaeaie i oaeyo iaeacaiey, eia?a i?eiaiaiea nia?oiie eacie aoaao aanie?oii iai?aaiia?iui, iieacuaa?uei an? "iaeiiiaoaioiinou" oaieiaiiai caeiiiaaoaeunoaa. Io?ii oae?a iaiai?eou, ?oi a neeo naiaai i?aaiaiai ii?aaaeaiey nia?oiay eaciu yaeyaony iniiaiui aeaii iaeacaiey, ?oi iicaieyao aee??eou aa a ia?a?aiu aeaia iaeacaiey aac auaaeaiey a ioaaeuio? noaou?, ii ii naiae i?e?iaa iia yaeyaony enee??eoaeuiie ia?ie, ?oi oi?a iaiaoiaeii iaiai?eou, naaeaa aeoaio ia oii, a ?ai caee??aaony aa enee??eoaeuiinou. Ono?aiea oaeei ia?acii iaeioi?ua iaiaiicia?iua iiei?aiea, eioi?ua i?ioeai?a?ao a?oa a?oao, ii?ii ia?aoiaeou e onoaiiaeaie? yoie naieoee ca ii?aaaeaiiua i?anooieaiey. Nei?aa anaai e oaeei i?ioeaii?aaiui aayieyi aie?iu ioiineouny oieuei oy?eea i?anooieaiey i?ioea ?ecie ?aeiaaea. Yoi iaeucy ?anniao?eaaou eae yeaiaio e?iaiie ianoe, oae eae nia?oiay eaciu aoaao i?eiaiyouny ainoaa?noaii, i?ioea caeiiia eioi?iai niaa?oaii i?anooieaiea. Oae?a iaiaoiaeii onoaiiaeou iniaue, aieaa ouaoaeuiue ii?yaie ?anneaaiaaiey, noaaaiiai i?ioanna ii aaeai i nia?oiie eacie, eioi?ue aie?ai naanoe e ieieioio eiee?anoai noaaaiuo ioeaie.
Ioiineoaeuii naiiai niiniaa nia?oiie eacie, iaiaoiaeii ioiaoeou, ?oi, nia?ou ino?aaiiiai ia oieuei aie?ia auou aanie?oii aacaieaciaiiie e iaiiaaiiie, ii e i?ioanna eniieiaiey i?eaiai?a eniieieoaeu ia aie?ai ii aicii?iinoe anooiaou ie a oece?aneee, ie a ineoieiae?aneee eiioaeo n i?anooiieeii, o.a. iaea?a io?ii eae ii?ii aaeuoa "ioaaeeou" io naiae ?a?oau. Ainoe?u yoiai ainoaoi?ii oy?aei, oae eae oa aeau eacie, eioi?ua iicaiey?o yoi naaeaou ia yaey?ony aacaieaciaiiuie aey ino?aaiiiai, iai?eia?, yeaeo?e?aneee nooe eee eaia?a n oaooa?uei aacii. Anee inoaaeyou o?aaeoeiiiue ?anno?ae, oi ia ainoeaaaony oaeu ioaaeaiey eniieieoaey. Naiui i?eaieaiui a yoii niunea aeaii nia?oiie eacie yaeyaony aa??ioa, eniieucoaiay a Eniaiee: ino?aaiiiai ona?eaa?o a e?anei, cae?aiey?o aai oaei, caoai iaaaaa?o niaoeaeuiue iaoaeee?aneee ioaeiee, eioi?ue ?acei naaaeeaaaony n iiiiuu? yeaeo?e?aneiai aaeaaoaey; nia?ou ianooiaao iiiaioaeuii io niauaiey iicaiieia.
Iaeacaiea eae i?aaiaia ia?aie?aiea naycaii n ainoaa?noaaiiui i?eio?aaieai e niaoeaeece?oaony ia i?ioeaiaaenoaee i?ioeaii?aaiiio iiaaaaie?. I?aaiaua ia?aie?aiey i?ecaaiu aaneou an? oo nioeaeuio? yia?ae?, eioi?ay iaoiaeony a i?ioeai?a?ee n i?aaiauie noeioeaie, i?aaiauie i?eioeiaie e ii?iaie. Iie iaa?aaa?o iauanoaaiiua ioiioaiey, eioi?ua ieacuaa?ony eee iiaoo ieacaouny iia aicaaenoaeai i?ioeaicaeiiiuo noeioeia. Oai naiui i?aaiia?aie?eoaeuiua oaeoi?u auiieiy?o ooieoe? io?aiu e caueou, noaaeeece?o?o nioeaeuiua i?ioannu. A yoii e caee??aaony eo iiceoeaiay ?ieu.
Nia?oiay eaciu eae oaieiaiia iaeacaiea aunooiaao a ea?anoaa i?aaiaiai ia?aie?aiey, ??eae?aneiai n?aanoaa, naa??eaa?uaai i?anooiieeia. Yoi auoaeaao ec aa i?e?iau e yaeyaony iauaeoeaiui naienoaii, ianiio?y ie ia eaeea noauaeoeaiua ioaiee e iauanoaaiiua iiaiey. Eia?a aiai?y, ii?ii nii?eou i oii, yooaeoeaia eee iayooaeoeaia nia?oiay eaciu, io?ia iia eee ia io?ia ia aaiiii yoaia iauanoaaiiiai ?acaeoey, ioiaieou aa eee iao, ii oi, ?oi nia?oiay eaciu - naa??eaa?uee oaeoi?, i?aaiaia ia?aie?aiea - yoi ianiiiaiii. Nianoaaiii, aeaaiai?y yoiio aa ii?ii ?anoaieaaou, eae n?aanoai caueou iauanoaa io iaeaieaa oy?eeo i?anooieaiee. N.A. Iiciuoaa n?eoae, ?oi iaeacaiea eiaao oieuei iaio oaeu - i?aaoi?a?aaiea i?anooieaiee, eioi?ia aicii?ii a oi?ia oece?aneiai oaa??aiey (aey i?anooiieeia) eee ineoe?aneiai i?ioeaiaaenoaey i?anooieaie? (aey a?oaeo ?eaiia iauanoaa).
?acoiaaony, naa??eaa?uo? ?ieu nia?oiie eacie eae i?aaiaiai ia?aie?aiey iaeucy ia?aioaieaaou. Aaau aaeaei ia ai anao neo?ayo iia auaaao yooaeoeaiie, e oieuei a ioiioaiee ioiineoaeuii iaaieuoie eaoaai?ee e?aae iia aiieia ieacuaaao naa??eaa?uaa aicaaenoaea. "?anou enneaaiaaiee ooaa??aa?o, - ieooo O. Caaee? e O. Eoai, - ?oi nia?oiay eaciu eiaao iaeioi?ia naa??eaa?uaa aicaaenoaea, iniiauaa?uaany ia ono?aoaiee..." I?aaaeuiua aicii?iinoe yooaeoeaiinoe oa?aeoa?iu ia oieuei aey nia?oiie eacie, ii e aey eiuo aeaia iaeacaiey, ?oi ia anaaaa o?eouaaaony. Iiiaea ?a ca?anoo? aanie?oece?o?o ?ieu nia?oiie eacie a naa??eaaiee i?anooiiinoe, o?aaoy io iaa aieuoa, ?ai iia ii?ao aaou, n?eoay aa oieaa?naeuiui n?aanoaii. Enee??eoaeuiie ia?ie aa iacuaa?o aiana ia iioiio, ?oi iia ii?ao e aie?ia auou enee??eoaeuii yooaeoeaiie, a a nayce n aa enee??eoaeuiuie iineaanoaeyie aey ?aeiaaea, i?anooieaoaai ii?iu i?aaa. Nia?oiay eaciu caieiaao naia ianoi, o?anoaoy iineeuii a naa??eaaiee i?anooiieeia ia?yao n a?oaeie yeiiiie?aneeie, nioeaeuiuie, iieeoe?aneeie, aooiaiuie oaeoi?aie.
Iaiie ec aeaaiuo i?e?ei oiai, ?oi a ?innee iauanoaaiiia iiaiea noieei auneacuaaaony ca i?eiaiaiea nia?oiie eacie, yaeyaony nioeaeuii-ineoieiae?aneay e iieeoeei-i?aaiaay eioaioeeuiinou a?a?aai, nei?eaoayny a ?acoeuoaoa aanie?oiiai ?aaeaiaioe?iaaiey ?eciaaayoaeuiinoe ?aeiaaea. Oaeei ia?acii, noi?ie?iaaeinu i?aanoaaeaiea i oii, ?oi eiaiii ainoaa?noai aoaao ?aoaou ana iniiaiua i?iaeaiu iauanoaa, a oii ?enea e i?iaeaio ai?uau n i?anooiiinou?. Ia?ao oai a aaiiii aii?ina iauanoai aie?ii auou iacaaeneiui io ainoaa?noaa e naiinoiyoaeuii eniieuciaaou iaiaoiaeiua nioeaeuiua naieoee.
Yoi naeaaoaeunoaoao i oii, ?oi iiea iauanoai ia i?aiaieaao aaiiie i?e?eiu, iinoaiiaea aii?ina ia ioiaia nia?oiie eacie aoaao a ii?aaaeaiiie ia?a i?a?aaa?aiaiiie. A oneiaeyo neaainoe aaenoaey i?aanoaaiiuo ii?i, o?oieinoe aaiie?aoe?aneeo einoeoooia e o?aaeoee, ionoonoaey i?aaiaie ainoaa?noaaiiinoe ioeac io nia?oiie eacie ia iainiiaai. Aa?ii, ?oiau i?ioann aa ioiaiu i?ioaeae anoanoaaiii, oiaaa o iauanoaa ia aicieeiao ?aeaiey i?eiaiyou a iaeioi?uo i?aeoe?aneeo neooaoeyo aaiiue aea i?aaiaiai ia?aie?aiey. Oaeia ?aoaiea ii?ao auou i?eiyoi eeou a ?acoeuoaoa oaa?aaiey a oii, ?oi iiaiaiay ia?a iaeacaiey iai?eaieaia a aoiaiiii iauanoaa. Neaaiaaoaeuii, iieiinou? ioiaieou nia?oio? eaciu oaeaniia?acii eeou i?e noaiiaeaiee i?aaiaie ainoaa?noaaiiinoe, i?e ooieoeiie?iaaiee eioi?ie naa??eaa?uay ?ieu nia?oiie eacie ia aoaao ioaa?aou iio?aaiinoyi iauanoaa a oie ia?a, eae yoi niiaoo naaeaou a?oaea n?aanoaa, eiaaa ii?ii aoaao iaeacaou a?a?aaieia, ia eeoay aai i?aaa ia ?eciu.
Iaei ec iniiaiuo aiaiaia noi?iiieeia ioiaiu nia?oiie eacie ninoieo a oii, ?oi ?aeiaae ia iia onooiaou iauanoao i?aaa ia nai? ?eciu, oae eae ii e nai eeoai aicii?iinoe ?anii?y?aouny ae. ?eciu ia ninoaaeyao aeaaa, aa?oaiiai ?aeiaaeo ainoaa?noaii, iiyoiio ainoaa?noai e ia eiaao caeiiiiai i?aaa ioieiaou yoo ?eciu. Oaeei ia?acii ainoaa?noai, naiiaeanoii i?ae?auay ?aeaaa?aneo? ?eciu, i?enaaeaaao naaa iai?eiaaea?auaa aio i?aai. Ii ai neo ii? inoaaony iaiiaoaa??aaiiui oi, ?oi ?aeiaae ia ii?ao onooieou iauanoao i?aai ia nai? ?eciu: naiioaeenoai oo?aoeei iian?ao oa?aeoa? iaeacoaiiai aayiey, a niaeanea oaeoiai ai iiiaeo eiaaenao i?eciaaony ianoiyoaeunoaii, eciaiy?uei ia oieuei ia?o, ii e ?ia iaeacoaiinoe. Ana ainoaa?noaa i?ecia?o iaiie ec nayuaiiuo iaycaiiinoae ea?aiai a?a?aaieia ?a?oaiaaou niaie aey caueou naiae no?aiu; ana oaieiaiua eiaaenu aee??a?o a naay einoeooo iaiaoiaeiie iai?iiu, a neeo eioi?iai n?eoaaony i?aaiia?iui aa?a eeoaiea ?ecie ?anoiui eeoii i?anooiii iaiaaa?uaai. Eiia?ii, ia ainoaa?noai aaao ?eciu a?a?aaiai, ii io iaai oae?a ia caaenyo e a?oaea aeaaa - cai?iaua, naiaiaa; aa i?e oii io?ii aua aieacaou, ?oi ainoaa?noai, iaeacuaay, ii?ao ii?a?aou oieuei oa aeaaa i?anooiieea, eioi?ua aicieea?o a ainoaa?noaa e ii aiea ainoaa?noaa. Aii?in i oaeaniia?aciinoe eee iaoaeaniia?aciinoe nia?oiie eacie aoaao inoaaaouny ioe?uoui ai oao ii?, iiea iia aoaao nouanoaiaaou oioy au oieuei a caeiiiaaoaeuiii aeaa, ia ano?a?aynu a i?aeoe?aneii i?eiaiaiee. Iaeucy ia i?eieiaou ai aieiaiea aiaiau "ca" e "i?ioea" nia?oiie eacie, ii iacuaaou aa aaccaeiiiui iaeacaieai, aaeaie inayuaiiui oaeenoaii - cia?eo caauou an? enoi?e? nia?oiie eacie, oneiaey aa ?acaeoey; iaeucy eaii?e?iaaou oio oaeo, ?oi iu ano?a?aainy ni nia?oiie eaciu? o naiuo ?acee?iuo ia?iaia ia anao nooiaiyo eoeuoo?u, i?e anao ?aeeaeyo e oneiaeyo ?ecie.
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6. Ineianeay noaiay a?aiioa 1497 a.
7. Noaaaiee 1497 a.
8. Noaaaiee 1559 a.
9. Oei?aiea 1649 a.
10. Naia caeiiia ?inneeneie eiia?ee 1832 a.
11. OE ?NON? 1922 a.
12. OE ?NON? 1926 a.
13. OE ?NON? io 27 ieoya?y 1960 a.
14. I?iaeo OE ?O io 22 aaeaa?y 1994 a.


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O lenei taʻiala e na o le faʻaaogaina o le wordpress.org. Mo tagata e faaaoga le wordpress - list of networking companies in san jose.com, e le mafai ona faʻapipiʻi plugini ona o nisi o ona tapulaʻa. E taua le fatuina o se upega tafaʻilagi a le wordpress.org ia mafai ona faʻaaogaina plugins. E tele metotia e mafai ai e se tasi ona faʻapipiʻi se wp plugin. Mo se faʻataʻitaʻiga, e mafai ona e faʻapipiʻi se plugin plugin e ala i le sailia i totonu o le suʻega suʻesuʻe, e ala i le faʻapipiʻiina poʻo le faʻapipiʻiina o le wp plugin e faʻaaoga ai le FTP.
Mulimuli i nei fautuaga mai le Artem Abgarian, o se tagata tomai faapitoa mai le Semalt , ma o le a manuia oe
1. Faʻapipiʻi se wp faʻapipiʻi e faʻaaoga ai le WordPress Plugin Search
O se tasi o auala sili ona tuusaʻo o le faʻapipiʻiina o se wp plugin o le sailia lea i totonu o le faʻasalaga suʻesuʻe. Faatasi ai ma lenei filifiliga, e mafai ona e maua le avanoa i le tele o plugini o loo i ai i totonu o le WordPress plugin directory. E mafai ona e i ai i totonu o soʻo se sailiga sailiiliga ma saili se polotini e fetaui ma lou manaʻoga. A e faʻapipiʻiina, o le a sau e WordPress ma setiina mo oe. A oʻo ina manuia le faagasologa, e te maua se faʻamaoniga o le faʻamalosia o le masini. E mafai foi ona e toe foi atu i le masini faapipiuta.
Mo se fuʻa e faigaluega, e tatau ona e manatua e faʻaaogaina..E taua foi le maitauina o paʻu uma e eseese tulaga. O lona uiga e iai auala eseese e manaʻomia ai ona faʻatautotoina. O nei metotia o le a le aofia i lenei taʻiala. O se tasi o le aufaasesega o lenei auala o le mafai lea ona e faʻapipiʻiina masini e leai se totogi. I nisi o tulaga tulaga ese, atonu e te manaomia le faʻapipiʻiina o se masini e le maua i lenei lisi.
2. Faʻatupeina se wp faʻapipiʻi faʻaaoga le faʻaaogaina o le WordPress Admin Plugin
I nisi tulaga, atonu e manaʻomia lou faʻapipiʻiina o pusa totogi i lau 'upega tafaʻilagi wp. I lenei tulaga, e le mafai ona fesoasoani le faʻasalaga suʻesuʻe ia te oe. O loʻo i ai i le WordPress se tautua i luga o le 'auʻaunaga i le pulega e mafai ona faʻatagaina oe e faʻapipiʻi se masini i luga o lona faʻamafanafanaga. E tatau ona e sii mai le masini mai se punaoa faavaomalo. A maeʻa, e tatau ona e saini i lau wp-admin tab, alu i plugins ma faʻaopopo se itulau fou
Mai i lenei itu, e mafai ona e kilikiina le button plug button. Auina atu lenei faila mai lau faʻamaumauga o PC. O le a faʻapipiʻi ma faʻapipiʻi e WordPress lenei masini mo oe. E pei lava o le auala o loʻo i luga, pe a maeʻa le faʻatulagaga manuia, e mafai ona e faʻagaoioi le masini masini poʻo le toe foi i itulau itulau. O tulaga uma e masani ai i le mamanu o le masini.
3. Faʻatulagaina Manually se Faʻasologa o WordPress e faʻaaoga FTP
I nisi o taimi patino, e ono i ai i lau kamupanī wp e iai nisi o faila o faila e mafai ona faʻatapulaaina ai lau faʻafetuia o le faʻapipiʻiina o se masini mai le pulega. I lenei tulaga, o le faapipiiina o le wp plugin e ala i le FTP o le filifiliga aupito sili lea. E oo lava ile amataga e faigofie ona pulea le pule o le FTP. Muamua lava, e tatau ona e siiina ma sii mai le faila zip o lau masini i lau komepiuta. Mai lea tulaga, atonu e te manaʻomia le tuʻuina atu o le masini i lau 'upega tafaʻilagi e tautua ai le faʻaaogaina o se tagata FTP client. E mafai e lau kamupanī o le wp ona tuʻuina atu se faila FTP mo lau 'upega tafaʻilagi. E tasi le taimi i le pule FTP, e mafai ona e faʻaopopo i le ala / wp-content / plugins / directory of your server.

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sauni Binance e ulu atu i maketi South Korea
Binance, o le fesuiaiga o tupe cryptocurrency aupito tele i le lalolagi, ua sauni e ulufale atu i Korea i Saute. Binance ua fuafua e faatuina tolu i le lima faalapotopotoga i le lotoifale i lenei tausaga e tusa ai ma tala BusinessKorea puna. Binance CEO Changpeng Zhao auai i le tumutumu Paaga Blockchain i Seoul i le aso 21 Iulai & 22maua. I le taimi o lana lauga autu, sa ia faamamafaina ai le taua o le maketi South Korea, faapea o le a faatamaoaigaina ai lona nuu lona kamupani i le maketi.
Binance ua faaopoopo talu ai nei se auaunaga gagana Korea i lona cryptocurrency ma fesuiaiga o uepisaite aloaia, ma totogi foi Korea mo se faatonu maketiina lotoifale ma a Binance Labdirector, o se faaputugatupe aafiaga faaagafesootai. aemaise, Binance ua uma ona le fesuiaiga filifiliga mo nisi faioloa South Korea.
ofoina Bittrex crypto i fefaatauaiga fiat mo tala faamaonia
Bittrex, faavae a US crypto-fesuiaiga lea e 'au i le taimi nei $150 miliona i le voluma fefaatauaiga, ua amata ofoina USD tupe teu ma withdrawals faapea foi taitoalua fefaatauaiga. Fai mai Bittrex: "Lagolagoina nei Bittrex agavaa tala patino ma tuufaatasia faaletulafono mo tala US (USD) fefaatauaiga, USD tupe teu, ma withdrawals USD. tagata e faaaogāina auaunaga Faava o Malo ma i latou o faagaoioia i Kalefonia, Niu ioka, Montana, ma Washington Malo ma faasinomaga faamaonia tala e agavaa. "
Ina ia fesuiai fiat, tagata taitoatasi e tatau ona talosagaina le faatagaga, & auina ID ma faamaoniga o le tuatusi. E le gata foi i le na taʻua e fa i le US, ae e iloga ua alu se fesuiaiga tele mai crypto-e-crypto fefaatauaiga i le taimi nei crypto-e fiat. Sa latou faaaogaina e avea le fesuiaiga crypto sili faʻatasi, overtaking Poloniex, ae na oo mai Binance ma pasia uma e lua.
faiga totogiina fou a le Faletupe Tutotonu UK e faaaoga blockchain
o le a tutusa le Faletupe o le faiga o tupe totogi faafou a Egelani ma le ituaiga tekonolosi tau tupe faale-blockchain. O se vaega lenei o le taumafaiga faifai pea a le BoE e faʻafou faiga Settlement Gross lona Taimi-Moni (RTGS), lea e taua mo teugatupe ma fefaatauaiga i Peretania ma 'au feuiaiga faapisinisi taua siomia £ 500 piliona i tausaga taitasi, po o le toetoe lava a lona tolu o le galuega faatino o le tamaoaiga o le atunuu.
O le ua faamoemoe faiga faaleleia ina ia faalauiloa mai i le 2020, ma o le a fuafuaina e ia e tetee atu i luga o le initoneti-osofaiga ao maua le foi i se numera lautele o pisinisi laiti. malo a Peretania o le naunautai mo le Malo o Peretania e tumau i se nofoaga autu e tau mo fou fintech e pei o tupe totogi ma blockchain, ma o le taimi nei o le suesueina pe afai o le faiga RTGS revamped mafai ona maua ma faaaoga "faamaoniga cryptographic" e taofia faamatalaga gaoia po o le suia.
pulega a Bitcoin fua faatatau poina faamaumauga maualuga mo 2018 aapa 46.5%
E tusa ai ma le faamatalaga e tuuina atu e CoinMarketCap, talu ai nei lavea a le pulega Bitcoin le 46.5% faailoga mo le taimi muamua talu mai Tesema 2017. o le pulega Bitcoin faatusa sea a Bitcoin i le pulou maketi atoa mo cryptocurrency. O le siitia o le pulega Bitcoin ua talafeauga lava ma le tau o le BTC aapa lona maualuga lua masina i le aso 23 Iulai ($7,820) ma e foliga mai e faaali atu ai Bitcoin o le pea “faitotoa cryptocurrency” mo le tele o tupe: ina ua maea le faatauina mai o BTC mafai ona latou amata diversifying latou o lo o umia crypto.
E taua taʻua e le lelei pulega a Bitcoin faatusa i ai le tulaga oi ai nei o le maketi crypto talu tupe tele moni lava foliga mai i aso uma. E ui lava i le lolo vaega tele lava o altcoins fou, ua umia pea Bitcoin malosi i lena nati, ma le uptick bullish mafai ona faailoa BTC le a tausia e le faateleina o ana sea maketi.
amata aai Saina $ 1.5B blockchain faaputugatupe
Nanjing, le aai laumua o le itumalo Jiangsu, ua lipotia faalauiloa se aoga o le faaputugatupe teu faafaigaluega 10 piliona Yuan e faalauiloa blockchain tekinolosi ma le tamaoaiga faale-faailoga. o Nanjing aiga i se tasi o taulaga i uta sili o le lalolagi. Alibaba, o se tasi o faalapotopotoga tekinolosi sili o le lalolagi, filifili Nanjing o le laumua o lana pisinisi laʻuina cryptocurrency ia Oketopa 2017.
na foafoaina le faaputugatupe a le municipality faatasi ma lala sooupu a le Malo. Yuandao, taitaifono o le a le lotoifale “Blockchain autau” faapea mai “sili alamanuia faaaogaina tekinolosi blockchain o lona uiga e sili atu o le a mulimuli suti.”
Kraken Report Maketi i Aso Taitasi mo 23.07.2018
Aseta KRAKEN faafuainumera AʻI
$159M faafesuiai i le salafa o maketi uma i aso nei


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9 IT Faʻasalalauga E Tatau ona Faia e Tamaiti Aʻoga Pe a Maʻea 2017 12th Board Board
IT Faʻasalalau & Faʻamaumauga i le maeʻa ai o 12th Exams
CBSE XII Faʻaiʻuga o vasega, e toʻatele tamaiti o le vasega o le a fafagu i le faʻaalia o le taimi maualuga e filifili ai se auala. O aʻoaʻoga faʻapitoa e ofoina atu se avanoa matagofie ao latou sailia tele ma e mafai ai e tagata ona matuā manaʻomia i le suiga o numera o loʻo tumau pea. O nisi nei o faʻataʻitaʻiga aoga e mafai ona filifili i ai le vasega 12th.
1. Faatomuaga i Java
Igoa o le vasega: Polokalame a le SCJA OCP Java SE 7 Programmer Training and Certification Course
O lenei vasega e tuʻuina atu ai le aʻoaʻoina o le faʻaleleia o talosaga i tamaiti. O se tulaga matagofie lenei e fausiaina ai se fausiaina i Java polokalame ma iloa mataupu e pei o le inisetiina, faʻaaogaina, ma le tofi.
Faamanuiaga - Faatasi ai ma le avanoa e agai i luma i Java, e mafai ona avea oe ma se tagata e gaosi Java. E le gata i lea, mulimuli ane e mafai ona e faʻatumu e avea o se poloketi poʻo ni faatonu o polokalame ma se galuega pe a oʻo i luga se faʻamatalaga loloto o Java e mafai ai e oe ona fatuina ni faʻatulagaga aoga ao vaavaaia taualumaga.
2. C #
Igoa o le vasega: 10266A: C # Aʻoaʻoga Taua
O lenei aʻoaʻoga aʻoaʻoga e aofia ai le fausaga o le C # polokalama, faʻatinoga, ma le faʻapipiʻi gagana. O laʻasaga laʻasaga laʻititi laʻitiiti e faia i aʻoaʻoga ma alaga manaʻomia e gaosia ai C # tusi talosaga. O le vasega foi e aofia ai autu e pei o le .NET Framework, faʻaaoga le ata vaaia ma C # e fatu ai talosaga NET Framework.
Faamanuiaga - O se fale i C # o le a saunia ai oe e avea ma au inisinia ma masini komepiuta.
3. Linux +
Igoa o le vasega:CompTIA Linux +
Laasaga Linux + e uunaia oe e te manumalo i tusi faamaonia e tolu - CompTIA Linux +, LPIC-1, ma le Novell Certified Linux Administrator. O autu o loʻo ufiufi i le vasega ua faʻamalosia ai oe e malamalama i manatu o Linux Products, Debian, ma Ubuntu.
Faamanuiaga - O le taimi lava e maeʻa ai lenei kosi o le ae maua le gafatia e vaavaaia ai meafaigaluega, fetuutuunai avanoa vavalalata, faʻanatinatiina feʻau, faia faʻamaumauga faʻamaumauga ma faia isi gaioiga e fesootai ma le aʻoaʻoina o Linux. O le a avea oe ma se tagata ua afaina i se tulaga le lelei o le mafai ona ia fana i lenei tulaga malosi i le pisinisi.
4. E taua tele le ao
Igoa o le vasega: CompTIA Cloud Essentials
Tamaiti aʻoga o le vasega lona sefulu ma le lua o vasega e mafai ona faia lenei vasega lea o le a faʻateleina ai latou i manatu o le ao.
Faamanuiaga - Aʻo aoina e tamaiti le maualuga i lalo o le malamalamaga o fuafuaga mo le faʻatonuina o le ao. O le a latou aoina faʻamatalaga faʻamatalaga i luga o elemene o auaunaga i le ao mai tulaga faʻapitoa ma pisinisi, lea o loʻo manaʻomia nei mo tulaga faʻaaloalo i vaega uma o le IT ma le IT.
5. Moni Moni
Taʻotoga igoae: Moni Moni ma le Unity Engine, Google Cardboard, ma Oculus Rift
O le aʻoaʻoga e tuʻuina atu ai lima i luga o le inisiua Unity3D e fatu ai se tulaga faʻapitoa mo Oculus Rift ma Google Cardboard.
Faamanuiaga - O le ae fausia se faʻamautu faʻamautu e uiga i tekinolosi o le moni faʻatautaia ma ona faʻaaogaina faʻaonaponei. O le tele o mea talafeagai mo tagata fiafia i mea tau taaloga, o lenei vasega o se tulaga faʻaalia i totonu o le sili ona vaʻavaʻai mo vasega e tamaiti aʻoga.
6. Saini +
Igoa o le vasega: CompTia Tūmau +
O lenei vasega e aofia ai autu e pei o masini komepiuta, masini, teuina, toe faʻaleagaina o faʻalavelave, sili ona lelei i se tulaga IT ma faʻafitauli. I le lotolotoi o lenei vasega, e mafai ona e suʻeina le teuina o meafaifaʻailoga i autafa o faʻalauiloaina o faʻafitauli.
Faamanuiaga - O le faʻaopoopoga i le faʻamoemoega o lenei kosi, o se faʻatau faʻatauvalea auala ma maua ai ni tomai e uiga i saite web ma tekinolosi faʻainitaneti. Faʻaauau, e mafai ona avea oe ma se IT atamai i le faʻapipiʻiina, tausia ma le faʻavasegaina o fesoʻotaʻiga a le teritori.
7. Saogalemu +
Igoa o le vasega: CompTIA Security + Certification Training
O lenei IT / Computer i le maeʻa o le sefulu ma le lua ua e maua ai se avanoa e faʻaaoga ai le aʻoaʻoina o le faʻamaumauga o faʻamaumauga i fesoʻotaiga moni. O le ae fausia se faʻamalosi malosi i faʻamatalaga malu puipuia IT e pei o le puleaina o faʻamatalaga, faʻafitauli o mea lamatia ma le faʻalavelave faʻalavelave, faʻafanua, faʻatautaiga o puipuiga, faʻatautaia o fesoʻotaiga mamao ma le tele o isi.
Faamanuiaga - Faʻafeiloaʻi ina ia avea ma tagata atamamai e puipuia, faufautua saogalemu poo ni inisinia saogalemu. Aʻo faʻateleina solitulafono solitulafono i totonu o le cyber, o se galuega i le cyber saogalemu e mafai ona avea ma se taui e sili ona totogi.
8. Network +
Igoa o le vasega: CompTIA N +
O le vasega e tuʻuina atu aʻoaʻoga maualuga i le faʻapipiʻiina, faʻaopoopoina, tausia, vaavaaia ma le faʻavasegaina o fesoʻotaʻiga fesoʻotaiga.
Faamanuiaga - O le ae maua le tomai e iloagofie ai uiga o fesoʻotaʻiga fesoʻotaʻiga, vaega o le LAN ma le WAN, faʻasalalauga i le saogalemu ma isi mea faapena. E leai se kamupani i aso nei e mafai ona galue e aunoa ma se ovasia o fesoʻotaʻiga, faʻaopoopo i le lauiloa o lenei vasega ma le faʻapitoa faʻapitoa i le taimi mulimuli. .
9. Faʻafefiloi Moni
Igoa o le vasega: Faʻafefiloi Moni (AR ma le VR) Ma le Lotogatasi 3D ma Microsoft HoloLens
O le faia o lenei vasega e te maua ai le avanoa e faʻaopoopoina ai le Moni Faʻaopoopo ma le Moni Moni e ala i HoloLens ma maua ai se mafaufauga i le galue malosi o le lalolagi faʻalauiloa. E faʻafeiloai atu oe i le laʻasaga o le HoloLens ma auala lelei e fegalegaleai ai ma komepiuta.
Faamanuiaga - Aʻo e aʻoaʻo ma mafaufau faʻaletafaufau i le gaioiga o fegasologa ma le fanua faʻafanua, liliu lou fiafia i le iloa ma le vaavaaia o mea moni faʻalauiloa ma faʻalauteleina le mea moni ma suia i se galuega faamanuiaina.
I totonu o le faʻapipiʻi, atonu o le a mafai ona e maua lau suʻega lona luasefulu faʻataʻitaʻiga laupapa, e mafai ona e tumau ma le fiafia e iloa e leai se tele o filifiliga o galuega pe a uma le suʻega lona lua. I le vaʻaia o mea e fiafia i ai ma sini, e mafai e tamaiti aʻoga ona filifili soʻo se tasi o vasega na tusia i luga e fausia ai le tulaga atoatoa o faʻamatalaga ma faʻamaonia ma faʻamautinoa se galuega manuia mulimuli ane.
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O le a le mafuaaga e 404 le maua ai sese? O le a latou afaina loʻu tulaga?O nei fesili e faʻaauau pea ona faʻagasolo i mafaufau o tagata pule pe a oʻo mai le "404 le maua" mea sese.
A oʻo mai lau itulau ile 404 sese, o le faʻalavelave faʻafefei le UX (aafiaga o le tagata). Soʻo se taimi e maua ai e le tagata asiasi le mea sese 404, e faʻamalosia o ia e toe iloilo ma toe foʻi mai, leao lona uiga o le tuua o lau itulau. Mo fai pule ma maketi maketi, o mea sese e mafua ai le atuatuvale pe a latou mauainameafaigaluega komepiuta. Ina ia aloese mai nei faafitauli, o Michael Brown, o le Success Manager o le Semalt Auaunaga Faatekinolosi,Iloilo ma le faʻaauau mea 404 sese o lona uiga i lau SEO ma pe faʻapefea ona faʻaitiitia o latou manaʻoga le manaʻomia
Faʻapefea ona maua 404 sese?
Faʻaaoga Google Webmaster Tools
O se tasi lea o metotia sili ona lelei oiloagofie sese mai Google - bridgestone rm3420w. E na o lou manaʻomia e teu i totonu o au 'upega tafaʻilagi, alu i le Fusi ma kilikiFaʻasalaga Matuʻu. O URL uma o loʻo misi o le a faʻaalia i le Vaega e le o maua. E mafai foʻi ona siaki le kalafi o lesese i le taimi mo se auiliiliga sili atu
O loʻo maua ni faʻamaufaʻailoga
I le taimi nei, e tele naua faʻaopoopoga i luga o le masini ma e leai se saolotogaupega tafaʻilagi e pei o le Validator.w3org ma Siaki Loʻu Lisi. O nei mea o le a faigofie ona iloa ai fesoʻotaʻiga vavalalata i lau 'upega tafaʻilagi.
Faʻaaogaina o le Frog SEO Spider
Faʻapei o Webmaster Tools, SEO Spider fesoasoani ia te oe e vaʻaia uma 404 sese le maua.Talia le talosaga. Faʻasaʻo le SEO Spider ma ulufale i lau 'upega tafaʻilagi, ona kiliki lea o le Faʻasalaga. 404 sese o le a tulai mai i le TulagaCode tab..E mafai foi ona e auina atu le lipoti o se file .csv
O le a le uiga 404 sese o le SEO ma pe aisea e te manaʻomia ai le vave gaioi?
Faʻafetai Google i le 404 e le maua ni mea sese i taimi e le mafai.O le mea lea, o lau 'upega tafaʻilagi' o le a le faʻamaufaʻailogaina pe faʻasalaina. Ae ui i lea, talu ai o le taulaʻi autu a Google o le tuʻuina atu o le lelei,o lau SEO e ono mafatia tele. A o faʻaaogaina e Google bots fesoʻotaʻiga totonu o lau itulau, o le a maka oe o se patileai se fiafia i le faʻaleleia atili o le poto masani o le tagata. I le gasologa o taimi, Google o le a taofi le tosoina o au itulau ma o le a paʻu malie le auala
E tatau i tagata faʻatau oloa ona popole atili e uiga i le tali a letagata faʻatau nai lo Google suauu. I au tagata asiasi, o le mafuaaga o le mea sese e le afaina, mea latou te fiafia i aio loʻo maua le mea latou te manaʻo ai. O le tele o tagata asiasi e masani lava ona o ese atu i se 'upega tafaʻilagi eseese, mulimuli i se tagata tauva poʻo le alu. Leneio lona uiga o le leiloloa o feoaiga ona e le mafai e le kalani ona faia le laasaga e sosoo ai e agai i le liua O se taunuuga, e masani lava ona faʻaeteeteo oe e faailoa mai sese i se taimi vave lava ma mafai ona faʻaogaina i se auala vave
Faʻafefea ona faʻaoga 404 le maua mea sese?
Pe a tutupu mai 404 sese, e tatau ona faʻafaigofie le 'auʻaunaga e toe foʻi i le tafe.
Faʻaaoga 301 faʻasalaga tumau
Afai o se itulau faapitoa ua aveesea pe ua siitia,301 redirects fesoasoani e fesoʻotaʻi le itulau i le fou. 301 toe faafoi e lelei aua latou te le aveesea pule mai le itulau muamua
Faʻaaogaina Robots.txt
Faʻaaogaina le faila robots.txt e taʻu atu ai i upega tafaʻi GoogleO itulau faapitoa ua aveeseina ma e te le faʻamoemoe e vaʻaia. O se auala sili lenei e faʻaalia ai le sese 404 pe a teleo itulau ua aveesea.
Faʻasaʻoina o sese i ou itulau
Afai e te faʻaaogaina Webmaster Tools, e faigofie ona e iloaitulau ma fesoʻotaʻi gau. Siaki nei itulau vavalalata e faʻamautu pe le saʻo le sipelaga o le fesoʻotaʻiga ma vave faʻapipiʻi


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Talia i lo tatou fono!
Taʻu atu i tatou ma o tatou tagata oe, o le a outou fiafia i ai ma pe aisea e avea o se sui o Rikoooo.
Matou te faafeiloai atu tagata fou uma ma le faamoemoe e vaai ia te oe o loo siomia ai a tele!
fesili
Talofa
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nisi
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Tofiga: 6
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Faafetai maua: 1
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10 masina 1 vaiaso ua mavae #850
by togi
Hiya. Ua leva ona ou faimamago talu mai le 1997.
Ua ou faia ni ata faaopoopo mo le FS9 ma le FSX, faʻatasi ai ma ni nai laupepa.
O nisi o tagata o le ekalesia e manatua loʻu aoga 'faafiafiaga i le vaalele' mo le FS9.
Na ou auai i le Rikoooo aua o le upega tafaʻilagi e matua manino - faʻapena foi mo le gaioiga ua tuʻuina atu e toe faʻafouina ai le vaʻavaʻavaʻa faʻamalolo faʻamaonia.
Fa'amolemole ogalaau i or Fai se tala e auai i le talanoaga.
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Tofiga: 139
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Faafetai maua: 44
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10 masina 1 vaiaso ua mavae #853
by Dariussssss
Talofa ma fa'afeiloa'i ia Rikoooo.
Faafetai mo upu manaia, ma e manaia tele le i ai oe i luga o le vaa. Ou te manatua lena aoga, na ou mauaina lena mea i luga o lau FS9, ae le o le leaga.
Lagona le saoloto e sailiili ma afai e te manaʻomia se fesoasoani, o le mea lea e te fesili ai.
manuia
Fa'amolemole ogalaau i or Fai se tala e auai i le talanoaga.
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nisi
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Tofiga: 6
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Faafetai maua: 1
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10 masina 2 aso ua mavae #862
by togi
Na tusia e Tariusssss: Talofa ma faʻafeiloaʻi ia Rikoooo.
Faafetai mo upu manaia, ma e manaia tele le i ai oe i luga o le vaa. Ou te manatua lena aoga, na ou mauaina lena mea i luga o lau FS9, ae le o le leaga.
Lagona le saoloto e sailiili ma afai e te manaʻomia se fesoasoani, o le mea lea e te fesili ai.
manuia
Faafetai lava.
Fa'amolemole ogalaau i or Fai se tala e auai i le talanoaga.
Avanoa Forum
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E le faatagaina: e foafoa ai le autu fou.
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E le faatagaina: e tali.
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E le faatagaina: e faaopoopo attachements.
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E le faatagaina: e faasaʻo lau savali.
Taimi e faia le itulau: sekone 0.134


text:
Huperzine A
Faamatalaga puupuu:
[Latina Igoa] Huperzia serratum [Puna] Huperziceae laau afu atoa mai Saina [Foliga Vaaia] Brown e sinasina [vaega] Huperzine A [Specification] Huperzine A 1% - 5%, HPLC [Solubility] Soluble i chloroform, methanol, ethanol, teisi soluble i le vai [tele vaega] 80 Mesh [Maliu i faamagoina] ≤5.0% [mamafa uamea] ≤10PPM [totoe Pesticide] EC396-2005, USP 34, EP 8.0, FDA [Teuina] Faleoloa i nofoaga malu & matutu, tausia ese mai le malamalama tuusao ma le vevela. [Fata olaga] 24 masina [afifi] teuina i ...
Faamatalaga oloa
pine o oloa
[Latina Igoa] Huperzia serratum
[Puna] Huperziceae laau afu atoa mai Saina
[Foliga Vaaia] Brown e sinasina
[Vaega] Huperzine A
[Specification] Huperzine A 1% - 5%, HPLC
[Solubility] Soluble i chloroform, methanol, ethanol, teisi soluble i le vai
[Vaega tele] 80 Mesh
[Maliu i faamagoina] ≤5.0%
[Mamafa uamea] ≤10PPM
[Pesticide totoe] EC396-2005, USP 34, EP 8.0, FDA
[Teuina] Faleoloa i nofoaga malu & matutu, tausia ese mai le malamalama tuusao ma le vevela.
[Fata olaga] 24 masina
[Afifi] teuina i se pepa-drums ma le lua palasitika-ato i totonu.
[O le a se Huperzine]
Huperzia o se faatusa o limulimu e tupu i totonu o Saina. E fesootai i mosses kalapu (o le aiga Lycopodiaceae) ma ua lauiloa i nisi botanists pei Lycopodium serratum. O le limulimu saunia atoa sa faaaogaina masani. faaaoga sauniuniga herbal po nei na o le alkaloid maotua taʻua o huperzine A. Huperzine A o se alkaloid maua i huperzia ua lipotia mai e puipuia ai le motusia o acetylcholine, o se mea taua e manaomia e le neura e auina atu faamatalaga mai feaveai e feaveai. ua fautuaina suesuega manu huperzine tomai o se e faasaoina e mafai ona sili atu acetylcholine nai lo lena o nisi o fualaau ua fautuaina mai. Leiloa o acetylcholine galuega tauave o se vaega autu o le tele o faaletonu o galuega tauave o le faiai, e aofia ai le faamai o le Alzheimer. Huperzine A maua foi se aafiaga e puipuia ai i pepa solo faiai, toe faateleina lona malosi faʻalemafaufau mo fesoasoani faaitiitia auga o nisi o faaletonu i le faiʻai.
[Galuega tauave] Faaaogaina i vailaau isi, huperzine A ua maua e galue o se inhibitor cholinesterase, o se ituaiga o vailaau faaaogaina e puipuia ai le motusia o acetylcholine (a taua i le aoaoina ma le manatua vailaau).
E le gata faaaogaina o se togafitiga mo maʻi o le Alzheimer, huperzine A ua fai mai foi e faaleleia ai le aoaoina ma le manatua ma puipui e faasaga i le teena o le mafaufau e faatatau i le tausaga.
I le faaopoopo atu, huperzine A o nisi taimi e faaaogaina e faaleleia ai le malosi, faateleina mataala, ma fesoasoani ai i le togafitia o myasthenia gravis (se faaletonu autoimmune e aafia ai maso).


text:
Acts 261 Ega aisama kin Akripa, Paulo epainia einaka, “Oi lalogoainio ifomu foumu moifania,” eoma.
Ega puo Paulo ifo fouga gaifania eoma, ima eafiakae ifo iina eogeisa eifa einaka: 2 “Kin Akripa, Iudea papiau'i iifa ipakainai kepaapa ukaisau kainai, laopolaga Deo lau kapa felo'i epeniiau puo, pau oi agomuai laapae ega'ina iifa'i kai'iai ifou iiu laoge. 3 Lau e'u kina felo laoma auga oi Iudea papiau'i e'i kagakaga ma'oai lologo felo. Ke e'i kagakagai a'oa'o ke'uegekae au'i fou'i isafa lologo felo. Ega puo lagoi penio, folopaafiafi ainau mologo.
4 “Lau e'u mauni afugai e'eleuai laagu, ke lalao Ierusaleme taoninai ala laagu oma auga fouga ma'oai Iudea papiau'i ma'oai kelogo. 5 Lai emai ikupu ma'o, Deo aau afagaina epo'iai, Faliseo ikupuga papiau'i auga alo'i ko'agai Deo keau afagaina, ke e'i laomai ma'oai kai'iai kepea auga e'inoka alogaina. Lau Faliseo ikupuga ega'ina au aga'o, ke Faliseo au'i keagu koa i'opoga mo laagu. Iudea papiau'i ma'oai kapa ma'oai lakapai'i fouga alo'i ko'agai kegaifania keoma koa aisama, ufainagai kelogo feloisau puo fekeifafoua.
6 “Kin Akripa, ufainagai Deo lai ufumai apamai maa'iai pako'a nini'anina ekapaisa. Pako'a nini'anina ega'ina auga, Deo papiau maeai agepamaunimue'i eoma. Lai emai ikupu 12 papiau'i ega'ina nini'anina kepako'ania puo, kina ma'oai kinai ke gapiai, Deo keau afagaina, ke pipeni kepa'a penia, ke ko'a agemia auga ke'imaisa. Lau isafa pako'a nini'anina ega'ina lapako'ania la'ima. Lau ega'ina nini'anina lapako'ania la'ima puogai, Iudea papiau'i iifa ipakainai kepaapa ukaisau, pau inae laapae iifa lapakaisa. 8 Lau Deo papiau maeai agepamaunimue'i auga alou ko'agai lapako'ania kai, inae oague papiaumi ma'oai alomiai oopolaga ega'ina iifaga amopako'ania auga aekaina ooma. Ke Deo papiau maeai isafa afaepamaunimue'i ooma.
9 “Lau ifou isafa ufainagai laopolaga, papiau Iesu Nasareta auga kepako'ania au'i alou fofougai fakaisapu'i Iesu aka fakeifania pugu laoma. 10 Ega puo laopolaga koa i'opoga mo, Ierusaleme taoninai lakapai'i. Ega'ina au'i, sakedote lopia fa'a e'i iifa isapugai lapea Deo ega papiau ma'o lapatipulani'i. Ke iifa ipakaina afegai, papiau isa keaupugu'i aisama, lau isafa papiau afe'iai laaulao Deo ega papiau keaupugu'i. 11 Ke kina ma'o Iudea papiau'i e'i la'afou afu'i, aga'o aga'o alo'iai lakoko, pako'a papiau'i Iesu kepako'ania auga, Deo maagai apala ipauma lapamia, laafi apalani'i. Ke lapamani'ini'i Iesu eegai kegaifa apala laoma. Ke ega'ina papiau'i ani'i aga'o alaani mo laa'i aefuafua puo, agoma taoni'i i'oi'i i'oi'i isafa lalao laafi apalani'i.
12 “Kin Akripa, lau i'ina lakapai'i alogai, sakedote lopia'i e'i isapuai, iifa kepeniiau keulaisau puo, Ierusaleme taonina lapua'afuga Damaskus taonina lalao. 13 Lalao Damaskus taonina keagagai atiafa koa i'opoga alogai, ufai eaea akaiki'a ipauma, kina eaea eka'egaina auga eake laisa. Eake aisama lau ke fou alao au'i eailofeimai. 14 Ega aisama lai ma'oai a'ualai a'isaai. Ke aufalao aga'o Hibru malagai enini'ani aina lalogonia. Isa lau epainiau einaka, ‘Saulo, Saulo, kapa puo loafi apalaniau! Au polomakau e'ima kai polomakau isa anina aeani puo gagafa eoma kai ifo egafa. Ega koa i'opoga mo, oi lau loafi apalaniau auga oi ifomu logafaiso,’ eoma.
15 “Ke lau lapa'ani lainaka, ‘Lopia, oi kaisau?’ laoma.
“Ke Lopia einaka, ‘Lau Iesu, loafi apalaniau au. 16 Pau mo'ue ifemuai moapa. Lau oi e'u pinauga aumu fomia laoma puo lakinanio ke laapakina penio. Pau kapa'ina lapakinaiso auga ke muni alapakinaiso pugu auga fofouga papiau maa'iai foifafoua. 17 Oi emu papiau Iudea papiau'i ke Iudea papiau'i laa'i au'i fou kegaaupuguiso akeoma kai lau oi kaniamu alaagamauga. 18 Ke alaulaiso Iudea papiau'i ke Iudea papiau'i laa'i au'i ee'i alolao lau fou aloifafoua. Ke maa'i alopakiakaea, uminagai akepealai eaeagai akepea, ke Satani ega isapu akemunia Deo akeaipenia. Ke isa e'i laomai apala'i akeumakalaini'i Deo e'i apala age'agegeaini'i. Papiau lau kepako'aniau puo Deo maagai alo lolofa au'i kemia efua au'i, Deo ega agofa'a apu'i eoma auga agepeni'i. Ke muni lau akepako'ania au'i isafa, Deo ega agofa'a agepeni'i,’ eoma.
19 “Ega puo kin Akripa, ufai Lopia Iesu eake eapakina peniau, epainiau auga aina alapamafua. 20 Kai aina laafiia Damaskus taonina lalao kaukau, Iudea papiau'i egae keagu au'i maa'iai isa fouga laifafoua. Egae kai Ierusaleme taonina, Iudea ago fofouga, ke agofa'ai Iudea papiau'i laa'i au'i isafa ee'i lalao, isa fouga laifafoua. Laifafoua aisama, isa e'i laomai apala'i fekeumakalaini'i ke Deo fekeaipenia laoma. Egae kai laomai felo mo fekekapa, iifa gome e'i laomai apala'i keumakalaini'i auga ko'a mo papiau fekepakina'i laoma.
21 “Papiau ega koa fekekapa auga lainogoaina puo, Iudea papiau'i, lau Deo ega e'ai keafiiau kegaaupuguisau keoma. 22 Kai Deo epalagainiau kaniau eagamauga puo, laagu emai pau au akaiki'ami ke papiau aagemi fou agomiai laapae maamiai Iesu fouga laifafoua. Ufainagai Moses ke profeta kapa'ina muniai agemia keifania auga mo fouga laifania. 23 Isa keifa Mesaia agekiekie agemae, ke maeai ageufai agemaunimue keoma. Ke keifa Iudea papiau'i isa ifo ega papiau, ke Iudea papiau'i laa'i au'i fou Deo kania'i isagamauga eaeaga isafa agepakina'i keoma. Lau ega'ina iifaga laagai i'oina aga'o alaifania kai i'opoga mo laifania,” eoma.
24 Paulo ifo iina eogeoge kai Festus eagaga Paulo ega nini'ani epuniia einaka, “Paulo! Oi kafo'o ipaumamu. Oi emu malele akaiki'a ikifaga epakafo'onio,” eoma.
25 Kai Paulo einaka, “Festus, lopia akaiki'a aumu. Lau kapa'ina laifania auga ko'a'i, ke opolau felogai emai auga mo laifania. 26 Iesu faagagai kapa'ina emia auga ogefakeai aemia puo kapa aga'o agaogefake afaekaina. Kin Akripa isafa i'ina lao'i mai'i elogo felo puo, alamani'i iifa ko'a mo maagai alaifania,” eoma.
27 Kai Paulo Festus emuniia, kin Akripa eaipenia kai epainia einaka, “Kin Akripa, oi profeta kapa'ina keifania au'i lopako'ani'i ma? Lalogo oi lopako'ani'i,” eoma.
28 Kai Akripa Paulo epainia einaka, “Oi pau mo nini'ani e'elegai, alou loania, Kristiano fopamiaisau auga loopolaga ekainia ma?” eoma.
29 Ke Paulo einaka, “Nini'ani epo maefa o ofola'o ma ganinagai, lau Deo lamegamega penia ega koa oi mo laa'i kai, pau inae ainau kelogo au'i ma'oai isafa, lau koa i'opou Kristiano fekemia laoma. Kai lamegamega lau tieiniai kegopeisau tipula au lamia koa i'opoga, isa fakemia laoma,” eoma.
30 Egae kai kin Akripa, kafana Festus, Benise ke egae fou keagu au'i ke'uegekae iifa ipakaina afuga kepua'afuga. 31 Ega'ina alogai kenini'ani keifa keinaka, “Iifa gome i'ina auga femae, ke fetipula koa kelelega aga'o aekapaisa,” keoma.
32 Kin Akripa Festus epainia einaka, “I'ina auga Sisa agogai iifa faepakaisa gaoma koa aisama, pau kapa aga'o laa'i puo fapapealaisa,” eoma.
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