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[ , ] Berinsky ndi anzake (2012) amayankha Mawotchi Turk mbali ndi kugawikana atatu tingachipeze powerenga zatsopano. Motsanzira tingachipeze powerenga Asian Disease nkhanza kuyesera mwa Tversky and Kahneman (1981) . Kodi zotsatira machesi Tversky ndi Kahneman chiyani? Kodi zotsatira machesi Berinsky ndi anzake? Kodi ngati kanthu kodi zimenezi zikutiphunzitsa chiyani za ntchito Mawotchi Turk kwa zatsopano kafukufuku?
[ , ] Mu penapake lilime-mu-tsaya pepala lotchedwa "Tili Chibwenzi," Dokotala chikhalidwe Robert Cialdini, mmodzi wa olemba a Schultz et al. (2007) , analemba kuti retiring oyambirira ntchito monga pulofesa, mu gawo chifukwa cha mavuto amene anakumana akuchita zatsopano kumunda chilango (kuwerenga maganizo) kuti makamaka amachititsa zatsopano labu (Cialdini 2009) . Werengani Cialdini ndi pepala, ndi kulemba iye imelo akumupempha kusintha wake yopuma-mu kuwala kwa mwayi wa zatsopano digito. Ntchito zitsanzo za kafukufuku kuti muthetse ake.
[ ] Pofuna kuona ngati yaing'ono kupambana koyamba logwirana-kapena mphamvu, van de Rijt ndipo ndi anzake (2014) linalowererapo mu machitidwe osiyana anayi popatsa bwino pa ophunzira osankhidwa mwachisawawa, ndipo anapitiriza kuyeza zotsatira yaitali bwino zimenezi umasinthasintha. Kodi mungaganizire kachitidwe zina zimene mukhoza kuthamanga zatsopano ofanana? Amayang'anitsitsa kachitidwe mawu a nkhani za phindu sayansi, algorithmic kuthetsa nzeru (onani Mutu 2), ndi chikhalidwe.
[ , ] Zotsatira za kafukufuku wokhala mutha kumudalira ophunzira. Pangani kuyesera ndiyeno izo pa Amazon Mawotchi Turk (MTurk) pogwiritsa ntchito njira ziwiri zosiyana asilikali. Yesani kucosa kuyesera ndi asilikali njira kotero kuti zotsatira kukhala osiyana ngati n'kotheka. Mwachitsanzo, njira zanu asilikali angakhale yosankha ophunzira m'mawa ndi madzulo kapena azilipira ophunzira ndi malipiro mkulu ndi otsika. Izi mitundu ya kusiyana strategy asilikali zingachititse kuti maiwe osiyanasiyana ophunzira zakambidwa osiyana experimental. Kodi zosiyana Kodi zotsatira zinamuyendera? Kodi zimenezi zimasonyeza za kuthamanga zatsopano pa MTurk?
[ , , , ] Tangoganizani kuti kukonzekera ndi maganizo kufalikira phunziro (Kramer, Guillory, and Hancock 2014) . Ntchito zotsatira kuchokera kuphunzira kale taona ndi Kramer (2012) kusankha chiwerengero cha ophunzira aliyense chikhalidwe. Maphunziro awa awiri sizikugwirizana mwangwiro choncho onetsetsani motsimikizira lembani mfundo zonse zomwe mungapereke kuti:
[ , , , ] Yankhani funso pamwamba, koma osati ntchito phunziro kale taona ndi Kramer (2012) ntchito zotsatira kuchokera kale kuyesera zachilengedwe Coviello et al. (2014) .
[ ] Both Rijt et al. (2014) ndi Margetts et al. (2011) zonse kuchita nkhaniyi kuphunzira ndondomeko ya anthu kusainira pempho. Yerekezerani ndi akusiyanitsa kapangidwe ndi anapeza maphunziro amenewa.
[ ] Dwyer, Maki, and Rothman (2015) imachitika zatsopano munda awiri pa ubale malamulo chikhalidwe ndi khalidwe proenvironmental. Apa pali umboni wa pepala awo:
"Kodi sayansi maganizo zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kulimbikitsa khalidwe proenvironmental? Mu maphunziro awiri, zikunena umalimbana kulimbikitsa mphamvu zachilengedwe khalidwe mu zimbudzi pagulu kufufuza zinthu za malamulo ofotokoza ndi udindo. M'Phunziro 1, udindo kuwala (ie, kapena kuvula) anali sanam'kakamize winawake anakalowa ulesi bafa anthu, kusonyeza za ponseponse ofotokoza kolowera kuti. Ophunzira anali kwambiri zambiri kutembenukira magetsi ngati iwo anali pa atalowa. Phunziro 2, mkhalidwe zina anali m'gulu limene ponseponse wa kuzimitsa kuunika zinasonyeza chitaganya, koma ophunzira sanali okha udindo kutembenukira izo. udindo moderated zochita za malamulo chikhalidwe pa makhalidwe; pamene ophunzira analibe udindo kwa kutembenukira getsi, zochita za mwakale anali ochepa. Zotsatira mmene ofotokoza malamulo ndi udindo mwina zonse mphamvu ya zikunena proenvironmental. "
Werengani pepala awo ndi kupanga kugawanika phunziro 1.
[ , ] Kumanga pa funso m'mbuyomu, panopa kuchita kulengedwa kwanu.
[ ] Pakhala pali mtsutso yokulirapo za zatsopano ntchito ophunzira alemba ntchito ku Amazon Mawotchi Turk. Mu yomweyi, apo wakhala mtsutso yokulirapo za zatsopano ntchito ophunzira alemba ntchito kwa anthu maphunziro a digiri yoyamba wophunzira. Lembani awiri tsamba memo kuyerekeza ndi zosiyana ndi Turkers ndi undergraduates monga akatswiri ophunzira. Poyerekeza wanu pazikhalanso kukambirana nkhani sayansi ndiponso panali.
[ Buku] Jim Manzi a mosaganiza (2012) ndi mawu odabwitsa mu mphamvu ya kuyesera malonda. Mu buku iye wawauza cidapi ici:
"Ine poyamba ndinali mu msonkhano ndi wowona ntchito namatetule, ndi kudzikonda anapanga billionaire amene anali kwambiri, mwachilengedwe understating wa mphamvu ya zatsopano. kampaniyo anawononga chuma kwambiri kuyesera kulenga lalikulu kusonyezedwa sitolo window kuti kodi kukopa ogula ndi kumakula malonda, monga nzeru ochiritsira linanena kuti azitero. Akatswiri mosamala anayesedwa kapangidwe pambuyo kapangidwe, ndi magawo munthu mayeso review pa nyengo ya zaka kumusonyeza palibe causal kwambiri zotsatira za aliyense anasonyeza kapangidwe atsopano pa malonda. Senior malonda ndi MALONDA mabwana anakumana ndi CEO kuti tikambirane Zotsatira mbiri mayeso toto. Pambuyo kupereka zonse kwa deta experimental, anazindikira kuti nzeru ochiritsira zinali zolakwika kuti window Matebulo musati kuyendetsa malonda. zochita zawo analimbikitsa anali kuchepetsa ndalama ndi khama limeneli. Izi kwambiri anasonyeza luso kuyesera kugwetsa nzeru wamba. yankho CEO linali losavuta: "chimaliziro changa ndicho kuti okonza si zabwino kwambiri. ' Yankho lake linali kuwonjezera khama mu sitolo anasonyeza kapangidwe, ndi kupeza anthu kwa izo. " (Manzi 2012, 158–9)
Amene mtundu wa n'loonadi ndi kuganizira CEO wa?
[ ] Kumanga pa funso yapita, tiyerekeze kuti munali pa msonkhano kumene zotsatira za zatsopano kukambirana. ndi mafunso anayi amene mungafunse, mmodzi pa mtundu wa n'loonadi (zowerengera, kumanga, mkati ndi kunja) chiyani?
[ ] Bernedo, Ferraro, and Price (2014) Maphunziro a zisanu ndi ziwiri zotsatira za madzi kupulumutsiramo phukusi anafotokoza mu Ferraro, Miranda, and Price (2011) (Onani chithunzi 4.10). Mu pepala ili, Bernedo ndi anzake komanso kumvetsa limagwirira kumbuyo mmene poyerekezera khalidwe la mabanja amene ali ndi osasunthika mankhwala anakamba. Ndiko kuti, ziri, iwo yesetsani kuona ngati mankhwala inagunda nyumba kapena homeowner.
[ ] Mu wotsatira Schultz et al. (2007) , Schultz ndi anzake kuchita mndandanda wa zinthu zatsopano zitatu zotsatira za malamulo ofotokoza ndi injunctive pa makhalidwe osiyana chilengedwe (chopukutira zigwiritsidwenso) zizichitika awiri (a hotel ndi timeshare Nyumba zophatikizana) (Schultz, Khazian, and Zaleski 2008) .
[ ] Poyankha Schultz et al. (2007) , Canfield, Bruin, and Wong-Parodi (2016) anathamanga mndandanda wa zinthu zatsopano labu ngati kuphunzira kamangidwe ka ngongole za magetsi. Apa mmene amafotokoza izo chabe:
"Mu kafukufuku kafukufuku ofotokoza, aliyense anaona ndalama zikhoza magetsi banja ndi ntchito ndi mkulu magetsi, kuphimba zokhudza (a) ntchito mbiri (b) kufananitsa anansi, ndi (c) ntchito mbiri ndi chiwiya chilichonse chamagetsi kuwonongedwa. Ophunzira anaona mitundu yonse munawerenga atatu akamagwiritsa kuphatikizapo (a) matebulo, (b) kapamwamba chintchito, ndi (c) chintchito mafano. Ife lipoti zimene anapeza zitatu. Choyamba, ogula anamvetsa mtundu uliwonse wa magetsi ntchito mfundo kwambiri pamene inali kuperekedwa ku gome, mwina chifukwa magome atsogolere yosavuta mfundo kuwerenga. Chachiwiri, zokonda komanso zolinga kupulumutsa magetsi anali kwambiri mbiri ntchito mfundo popanda mtundu. Chachitatu, anthu kuchepetsa kulemba mphamvu kumva zazing'ono. "
Mosiyana ndi ena kupitiriza maphunziro, zotsatira opatsa chidwi mu Canfield, Bruin, and Wong-Parodi (2016) Akuti khalidwe osati makhalidwe enieni. ndi mphamvu komanso zofooka za mtundu uwu akuphunzira kafukufuku pulogalamu timapangira kulimbikitsa ndalama mphamvu chiyani?
[ , ] Smith and Pell (2003) ndi satirical pambuyo-kusanthula maphunziro kuwonetsera mphamvu ya idakali m'mwamba aja. Iwo anazindikira kuti:
"Monga zikunena ambiri anafuna kuteteza matenda, mphamvu ya idakali m'mwamba aja alibe zagonjetsedwa kwa kuwunika mwakhama pogwiritsa ntchito osapanganika mayesero ankalamulira. Kumbali ya mankhwala umboni zochokera akhala akudzudzula kukhazikitsidwa kwa zikunena ayesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito deta okha taona. Timaganiza kuti aliyense apindule ngati amene atchulidwa kwambiri kwakukulu mankhwala umboni zochokera bungwe ndi nawo ndi akhungu awiri, osapanganika, placebo ankalamulira, kusinthanitsidwa mlandu wa parachuti lapansi. "
Alembe uthenga ulalikidwa-dwa oyenera nyuzipepala ambiri amaŵerenga, monga The Times New York, ankatsutsana ndi a fetishization umboni experimental. Kupereka enieni, zitsanzo konkire. Zokuthandizani: Onani, Bothwell et al. (2016) ndi Deaton (2010)
[ , , ] Kusiyana-mu-kusiyana estimators mmene mankhwala akhoza lachindunji kuposa kusiyana-mu-zikutanthauza estimators. Lembani memo kwa katswiri kuyang'anira A / B kuyezetsa pa chikhalidwe TV kampani chiyambi-mmwamba kufotokoza kufunika kusiyana-mu-kusiyana njira kwa kuthamanga pa Intaneti kuyesera. The memo pazikhalanso mawu vutolo, ena yodziŵiratu zinthu pasadakhale za mikhalidwe imene kusiyana-mu-kusiyana estimator adzakhala amakhoza bwino kuposa kusiyana-mu-zikutanthauza estimator, ndi kuphunzira yosavuta kayeseleledwe.
[ , ] Gary Loveman anali pulofesa Harvard Business School asanakhale ndi CEO wa Harrah, mmodzi mwa makampani waukulu kasino dziko. Pamene anasamukira Harrah a Loveman osandulika kampani ndi pafupipafupi flier ngati kukhulupirika pulogalamu kuti anasonkhana ndalama kwambiri zokhudza khalidwe makasitomala. Pamwamba pa dongosolo nthawi zonse pa muyeso, kampani anayamba kuthamanga zatsopano. Mwachitsanzo, iwo akhoza kuthamanga kuyesera kufufuza zotsatira za coupon kwa ufulu hotel usiku kwa makasitomala ndi enieni njuga chitsanzo. Apa mmene Loveman anafotokoza kufunika kuyesera miyambo Harrah tsiku ndi tsiku malonda:
"Ziri ngati mulibe kuzunza akazi, inu Usabe, ndipo inu mukuyenera kukhala ndi gulu kulamulira. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zimene mungathe kuchotsedwa ntchito chifukwa Harrah's osati akuthamanga gulu ulamuliro. " (Manzi 2012, 146)
Kulemba imelo kwa munthu wogwira ntchito yatsopano kufotokoza chifukwa Loveman kuganiza kuti ndi kofunika kwambiri ndi gulu kulamulira. Inu ayenera kuyesetsa monga chitsanzo, kaya weniweni kapena kuphunzila mfundo zanu.
[ , ] A kuyesera latsopano Cholinga amati zotsatira za kulandira zikumbutso meseji pa katemera kutengedwa. 150 zipatala, aliyense ndi odwala 600 woyenera, akufunitsitsa nawo. Pali kuliika ndalama zokwana madola 100 aliyense chipatala mukufuna ntchito, ndipo ndalama 1 dollar aliyense meseji mukufuna kutumiza. Komanso, zipatala chilichonse chimene mukuchita nalo kudzayesedwa zotsatira (ngati munthu analandira katemera) kwaulere. Kuganiza kuti muli ndi bajeti ya madola 1000.
[ , ] A vuto lalikulu ndi maphunziro Intaneti attrition; ophunzira ambiri amayamba maphunziro kukathera kugwera kunja. Tayerekezani kuti ntchito pa Intaneti maphunziro nsanja, ndi mlengi pa nsanja analenga ndi zithunzi patsogolo kapamwamba kuti iye amaganiza zingathandize kuletsa ophunzira ku sukulu chifukwa cha maphunzirowa. Mukufuna kuyesa zotsatira patsogolo kapamwamba ophunzira lalikulu zowerengera Inde sayansi chikhalidwe. Pambuyo pothetsa nkhani koyenela kuti lingakhalepo mu kuyesera, inu ndi anzake anu nkhawa kuti zochita ikhoza kukhala ophunzira zokwanira molondola kudziwa zotsatira za patsogolo bar. Mu kuwerengetsera m'munsimu mukhoza kuganiza kuti theka la ophunzira adzalandira patsogolo kapamwamba ndi theka ayi. Komanso, inu mukhoza kuganiza kuti palibe kusokonezedwa. M'mawu ena, mungathe kuganiza kuti ophunzira okha anakhudzidwa ndi ngati iwo analandira chithandizo kapena kulamulira; iwo kunatheka chifukwa ngati anthu ena analandira chithandizo kapena kulamulira (kwa tanthauzo kwambiri ofunda, onani Gerber and Green (2012) , Ch. 8). Chonde mungawononge mfundo zoonjezera kuti apange.
[ , ] Mu pepala wokondedwa, Lewis and Rao (2015) momveka bwino zikusonyeza lofunika zowerengera malire a zatsopano ngakhale chachikulu. Pepala-amene poyamba anali ndi udindo zotenga "Pa Near-chosatheka Kuyeza umabwerera kwa Malonda" -shows n'kovuta kuyeza kubwerera pa titherepo malonda online, ngakhale zatsopano digito zokhudza mamiliyoni makasitomala. More zambiri, pepala chimasonyeza kuti n'zovuta amati zotsatira yaing'ono mankhwala pakati deta phokoso zotsatira. Kapena anati diffently, pepala zikusonyeza kuti pafupifupi mankhwala zotsatira adzakhala ndi intervals lalikulu chidaliro pamene muyezo-kupatuka amadza ndi (\ (\ frac {\ ankadziwana \ kapamwamba {Y}} {\ Sigma} \)) chiŵerengero n'chochepa. Zofunika ambiri phunziro kuchokera pa pepala ili kuti zotsatira zatsopano ndi yaing'ono amadza ndi muyezo-kupatuka chiŵerengero (mwachitsanzo, ROI makampeni malonda) adzakhala onena. Vuto lanu lidzakhala kulemba memo munthu dipatimenti malonda a gulu lako evaluting kafukufuku anakonza kuyeza ROI a malonda ndawala. memo anu ayenera amapereka ndi chintchito wa zotsatira za zoyeserera kompyuta.
Apa nkhaniyo kuti mungafunikire. Onse mfundo izi n'zosangalatsa kumva zikusonyeza zatsopano weniweni lipoti mu Lewis and Rao (2015) :
ROI, ndi chinkafunika kwambiri kwa misonkhano Intaneti malonda, amati msika khoka ku msonkhano (zotuluka kuchokera kampeni opanda mtengo wa ndawala) kugawidwa ndi mtengo wa msonkhano. Mwachitsanzo ndawala kuti analibe mphamvu pa malonda adzakhala ndi ROI wa -100% ndi ndawala komwe phindu kwaiye anali wofanana ndi mtengo adzakhala ndi ROI 0.
malonda zikutanthauza pa kasitomala ndi $ 7 ndi muyezo kupatuka a $ 75.
kampeni chikuyembekezeka kuwonjezera malonda ndi $ 0,35 pa kasitomala Chofanana ndi kuwonjezeka mu msika wa $ 0,175 pa makasitomala. M'mawu ena, mphepete aakulu ndi 50%.
munakonza kukula kwa kuyesera ndi anthu 200,000, theka mu gulu mankhwala ndi theka ku gulu kulamulira.
mtengo wa anthuwa ndi $ 0,14 pa ophunzira.
Lembani memo evaluting kuyesera. Kodi inu amalangiza kukulozani kuyesera momwe munakonzera? Ngati ndi choncho, n'chifukwa chiyani? Ngati ayi, kodi kusintha inuyo amalangiza?
A memo wabwino iyankha Pankhaniyi enieni; ndi memo mudzasankha zambiri pa chitsanzo ichi mu njira imodzi (mwachitsanzo, timamva kuti kusintha zochita ngati ntchito ya chiŵerengero amadza ndi muyezo-kupatuka); ndi memo chachikulu azipereka chifukwa mokwanira zowombetsa mkota.
[ , ] Chitani chimodzimodzi monga funso m'mbuyomu, koma osati kayeseleledwe muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zotsatira analytic.
[ , , ] Chitani chimodzimodzi monga funso m'mbuyomu, koma kugwiritsa ntchito kayeseleledwe ndi zotsatira analytic.
[ , , ] Tangoganizani kuti analemba memo tafotokozazi-pogwiritsa ntchito kayeseleledwe, zotsatira analytic, kapena zonse ziwiri ndipo wina ku dipatimenti malonda amalimbikitsa ntchito kusiyana-mu-kusiyana estimator osati kusiyana njira estimator (onani gawo 4.6.2) . Lembani latsopano wamfupi memo kufotokoza mmene 0.4 malumikizanidwe pakati pa malonda pamaso kuyesera ndi malonda pambuyo kuyesera amakhoza kusintha mawu omaliza.
[ , ] Pofuna kufufuza mphamvu ya yatsopano ukonde ofotokoza utumiki ntchito, ntchito yunivesite ntchito ofesi anachita osapanganika ulamuliro mlandu pakati pa ophunzira 10,000 kulowa chaka chomaliza cha sukulu. A muzimvetsera ufulu ndi wapadera chipika-mfundo anatumizidwa mwa basi imelo kuitana 5,000 ophunzira osankhidwa mwachisawawa, pamene ena ophunzira 5,000 ali mu gulu kulamulira ndipo mulibe muzimvetsera. Miyezi khumi ndi iwiri kenako, wotsatira kafukufuku (popanda sanali response) limasonyeza kuti magulu onse mankhwala ndi ulamuliro, 70% ya ophunzira kuti wotetezedwa wanthawi zonse ntchito m'munda wawo (Table 4.5). Choncho, zikuoneka kuti utumiki ukonde ofotokoza analibe mphamvu.
Koma deta wochenjera sayansi ku yunivesite anayang'ana pa deta pang'ono kwambiri ndipo anapeza kuti 20% ya ophunzira mu gulu mankhwala konse adakhala ndi nkhani atalandira email. Komanso, ndipo penapake n'zosadabwitsa, mwa iwo amene adakhala ku webusaiti okha 60% anali wotetezedwa wanthawi zonse ntchito m'munda wawo, amene anali poyerekeza mlingo anthu amene sanali fufuzani ndi poyerekeza mlingo kwa anthu mkhalidwe ulamuliro (Table 4.6).
Zokuthandizani: Funso kosaoneka zinthu zili mutu uwu, koma akulankhula nkhani wamba mu zatsopano. Mtundu wa kapangidwe experimental limatchedwa pulani kuwalimbikitsa ophunzira akulimbikitsidwa kuchita mankhwala. Vuto limeneli ndi chitsanzo cha zimene anaitana mmodzi amaganiza sanali kugwilizana (onani Gerber and Green (2012) , Ch. 5)
[ ] Pambuyo mofatsa ulosi, likukhalira kuti kuyesa anafotokoza mu funso m'mbuyomu anali ngakhale zovuta. Likukhalira kuti 10% ya anthu mu gulu ulamuliro analipira kupeza utumiki, ndipo inatha ndi mlingo ndi ntchito 65% (Table 4.7).
Zokuthandizani: Funso kosaoneka zinthu zili mutu uwu, koma akulankhula nkhani wamba mu zatsopano. Vuto limeneli chitsanzo cha zimene amatchedwa awiri amaganiza sanali kugwilizana (onani Gerber and Green (2012) , Ch. 6)


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Emily kutanthauzira dzina labwino: Wopatsa, Zamakono, Wochezeka, Kumvetsera, Yosasunthika. Pezani Emily kutanthauza dzina.
Freeman kutanthauza dzina labwino kwambiri: Ali ndi ubwino, Wopatsa, Zamakono, Kumvetsera, Wokondwa. Pezani Freeman kutanthauzira dzina.
Emily chiyambi cha dzina loyamba. English feminine form of Aemilius (see Emil). In the English-speaking world it was not common until after the German House of Hanover came to the British throne in the 18th century; the princess Amelia Sophia (1711-1786) was commonly known as Emily in English, even though Amelia is an unrelated name Pezani Emily chiyambi cha dzina loyamba.
Freeman chiyambi. Referred to a person who was born free, or in other words was not a serf. Pezani Freeman chiyambi.
Emily dzina lamasamba: Em, Emmie, Emmy, Millie, Milly. Pezani Mayina a Emily.
Dzina lomaliza Freeman lofala kwambiri Australia, Liberia, Saint Kitts ndi Nevis, Sierra Leone, Zilumba za Virgin za ku United States. Pezani Freeman kutchulidwa dzina lakutchulidwa.
Kusindikiza kapena kutchula dzina loyamba Emily: EM-ə-lee. How to pronounce Emily.
Mayina ofanana a Emily m'mayiko ndi zinenero zosiyanasiyana: Aemilia, Émilie, Emelie, Emília, Emílie, Emīlija, Emilia, Emilie, Emilía, Emilija, Emiliya, Emmi, Milly. Pezani Emily muzinenero zina.
Mayina ambiri omwe ali ndi dzina Emily: Greenwood, Butorac, Desbiens, Jackson, Harrison. Pezani Mndandanda wa mayina omwe ali ndi dzina Emily.
Mayina ambiri omwe ali nalo dzina Freeman: Moelelierirazequiel, Robin, Tashia, James, Victoria. Pezani Maina omwe amapita ndi Freeman.
Kugwirizana kwa Emily ndi Freeman ndi 81%. Pezani Kugwirizana kwa Emily ndi Freeman.


text:
May 22-28
YEREMIYA 44-48
Nyimbo Na. 70 ndi Pemphero
Mawu Oyamba (Osapitirira 3 min.)
CHUMA CHOPEZEKA M’MAWU A MULUNGU
“Leka ‘Kufunafuna Zinthu Zazikulu’”: (10 min.)
Yer. 45:2,3
—Baruki sankasangalala chifukwa cha maganizo olakwika amene anali nawo (jr 104-105 ¶4-6)
Yer. 45:4,5a
—Yehova anathandiza Baruki mokoma mtima (jr 103 ¶2)
Yer. 45:5b
—Baruki anapulumutsa moyo wake chifukwa choika maganizo ake pa zinthu zofunika kwambiri (w16.07 8 ¶6)
-
Kufufuza Mfundo Zothandiza: (8 min.)
Yer. 48:13
—N’chifukwa chiyani ‘Amowabu anachita manyazi ndi Kemosi’? (it-1-E 430)
Yer. 48:42
—Kodi kuganizira za chiweruzo chimene Yehova anapereka kwa Amowabu kungalimbitse bwanji chikhulupiriro chathu? (it-2-E 422 ¶2)
Kodi mwaphunzira zotani zokhudza Yehova pa kuwerenga Baibulo kwa mlungu uno?
Kodi ndi mfundo zina ziti zothandiza zimene mwapeza pa kuwerenga Baibulo kwa mlungu uno?
-
Kuwerenga Baibulo: (Osapitirira 4 min.) Yer. 47:1-7
KUPHUNZITSA MWALUSO MU UTUMIKI
Ulendo Woyamba: (Osapitirira 2 min.) hf
—Muuzeni nkhani imene mudzakambirane ulendo wotsatira.
Ulendo Wobwereza: (Osapitirira 4 min.) hf
—Muuzeni nkhani imene mudzakambirane ulendo wotsatira.
Phunziro la Baibulo: (Osapitirira 6 min.) lv 199 ¶9-10
—Mwachidule sonyezani wophunzira mmene angafufuzire malangizo pa nkhani yokhudza vuto linalake limene akukumana nalo.
MOYO WATHU WACHIKHRISTU
Achinyamata
—Musamafunefune Zinthu Zazikulu: (15 min.) Onetsani ndiponso kukambirana vidiyo yakuti Zimene Achinyamata Amafunsa —Kodi Ndidzachita Zotani Pamoyo Wanga? —Zimene Anasankha.
Phunziro la Baibulo la Mpingo: (30 min.) kr mutu 1 ¶1-10 komanso Kalata Yochokera ku Bungwe Lolamulira
Mfundo Zimene Taphunzira Komanso za Mlungu Wamawa (3 min.)
Nyimbo Na. 17 ndi Pemphero


text:
KALE LATHU
Sewero Limene Linathandiza Ambiri Kuphunzira Baibulo
SEWERO limene linathandiza ambiri kuphunzira Baibulo linkatchedwa “Sewero la Eureka.” Mawu akuti “eureka” amatanthauza kuti “ndapeza.” M’ma 1800 ku California m’dziko la United States, anthu ankanena mofuula mawuwa akapeza golide. Koma Charles Taze Russell ndi Ophunzira Baibulo anzake anapeza mfundo zoona za m’Baibulo zomwe zinali zamtengo wapatali kwambiri kuposa golide. Ndiyeno iwo ankafunitsitsa kuuza anthu ena mfundozo.
Pofika chapakati pa chaka cha 1914, anthu mamiliyoni m’mizinda ikuluikulu anali atapita kukaona “Sewero la Pakanema la Chilengedwe.” Seweroli linapangidwa ndi Ophunzira Baibulo ndipo linali la maola 8. Linali ndi zithunzi zokongola, mawu ofotokozera komanso nyimbo zabwino. Linasonyeza nkhani za m’Baibulo kuchokera pamene zinthu zinalengedwa mpaka kumapeto kwa Ulamuliro wa Zaka 1,000 wa Yesu Khristu.—Chiv. 20:4. *
Koma zinkavuta kuti akaonetse seweroli kumadera a kumidzi. Choncho mu August 1914, Ophunzira Baibulo anatulutsa “Sewero la Eureka.” Seweroli linali chidule cha “Sewero la Pakanema” ndipo silinkaoneka ngati filimu. Panali mitundu itatu ya sewero lachiduleli ndipo inkapezeka m’zilankhulo zingapo. Mtundu woyamba unkatchedwa kuti “Eureka X” ndipo unali ndi mawu ofotokozera komanso nyimbo. Mtundu wachiwiri unkatchedwa “Eureka Y” ndipo unali ndi mawu onse a anthu komanso zithunzi zokongola. Ndipo mtundu wachitatu unali sewero loti anthu azionera kunyumba lomwe linali ndi mawu ena ofotokozera ndiponso nyimbo. Anthu ankatha kugulanso galamafoni komanso pulojekita pa mtengo wabwino kuti azigwiritsa ntchito poonetsa masewerowa.
Ophunzira Baibulo ankaonetsa seweroli kwaulere m’madera akutali chifukwa chakuti sankayenera kugwiritsa ntchito mapulojekita akuluakulu kapena zimasikirini. Izi zinathandiza kuti uthenga wa Ufumu ufalitsidwe kwambiri. Sewero la “Eureka X” linkatha kuonetsedwa masana kapena usiku chifukwa linali la mawu okha. Sewero la “Eureka Y” linkaonetsedwa ndi pulojekita pogwiritsa ntchito mtundu winawake wa nyali ngati panalibe magetsi. Lipoti lina mu Nsanja ya Olonda yachifinishi linati: “Tikhoza kuonetsa seweroli kulikonse.” Zimenezi zinalidi zoona.
Nthawi zambiri, Ophunzira Baibulo sankachita lendi malo ochitira masewero koma ankangopempha malo m’masukulu, makhoti, m’masiteshoni a sitima kapena m’mabalaza a nyumba zikuluzikulu. Nthawi zina ankaonetsa pamtetete ndipo ankangoyala chinsalu choyera pakhoma la nyumba ina yaikulu. Anthony Hambuch analemba kuti: “Alimi ankamanga kasitediyamu m’minda yawo ya zipatso ndipo ankayala mitengo kuti anthu akhalire.” Gulu lina loonetsa seweroli linali ndi ngolo yonyamulira zipangizo, zikwama, matenti ndi zophikira.
Kumalo ena kunkabwera anthu ochepa kudzaonera koma kwina kunkabwera ambirimbiri. M’tauni ina ya ku United States, kumene kunkakhala anthu 150 okha, anthu 400 anafika kudzaonera seweroli pasukulu ina. Kumalo ena, anthu anayenda makilomita 8 kuti adzaonere. Ku Sweden, anthu apafupi ndi nyumba ya Charlotte Ahlberg anasonkhana m’kanyumba kake ndipo anasangalala kwambiri atamvetsera seweroli. Mumzinda wina ku Australia, anthu 1,500 anafika kudzaonera. Nsanja ya Olonda inanena kuti aphunzitsi ndiponso ophunzira a m’masekondale komanso m’makoleji ankachita nalo chidwi kwambiri. Seweroli linkakondedwa ngakhale m’madera amene anthu anazolowera kuonera mafilimu.
ANAFESA MBEWU ZA CHOONADI
Abale amene ankatumidwa kukayambitsa makalasi atsopano ophunzira Baibulo ankakonda kugwiritsa ntchito seweroli. Sitingadziwe chiwerengero cha anthu amene anaonera. Koma anthu ena ankalionetsa kambirimbiri. Mu 1915 magulu 14 okha pa magulu 86 omwe ankaonetsa seweroli anachitira lipoti mwezi ndi mwezi. Koma malipoti ochepawo anasonyeza kuti m’chakachi anthu oposa 1 miliyoni analionera. Komanso anthu oposa 30,000 anapempha mabuku ofotokoza Baibulo.
Mwina panopa palibe anthu ambiri amene amadziwa za “Sewero la Eureka.” Koma anthu mamiliyoni ochokera m’madera osiyanasiyana padziko lonse analionera. Ambiri mwa iwo anapeza mfundo zoona za m’Baibulo zomwe zinali zamtengo wapatali kuposa golide ndipo anatha kunena kuti “Eureka.”
^ ndime 4 Onani nkhani ya “Kale Lathu” ya mutu wakuti “Padutsa Zaka 100 Tsopano” mu Nsanja ya Olonda ya February 15, 2014, tsamba 30 mpaka 32.


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