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Pafupifupi sabata imodzi mu Meyi, Alabama anali ndi lamulo lolimba kwambiri la anti-transgender ku United States. Dokotala aliyense amene amapereka mankhwala oletsa kutha msinkhu kapena mankhwala a mahomoni kwa anthu ochepera zaka 18 akhoza kuyimbidwa mlandu, kukhala m’ndende zaka 10 ndikulipira chindapusa cha $15,000. Madokotala anakangalika kudzazanso mankhwala a odwala awo lamulo lisanayambe; Makolo anayamba kuganizira zokasamutsa mabanja awo m’boma.
Woweruza m’boma anapereka lamulo loletsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Koma chinali chithunzithunzi chachidule cha zomwe opanga malamulo omwe akuchulukirachulukira mdziko lonselo akukankhira. Kuwunika kwa Bloomberg News kudapeza ndalama zosachepera 40 zofananira zomwe zikuperekedwa m’maboma pafupifupi khumi ndi awiri olamulidwa ndi Republican zomwe zitha kuchepetsa kapena kuletsa kutsimikizira kuti jenda ndi chisamaliro chokhudzana ndi kusintha, nthawi zambiri zachinsinsi kwa ana.
Bilu imodzi yaku Georgia ingalange dokotala aliyense amene amalembera oletsa kutha msinkhu kwa mwana wazaka 10 m’ndende; Dokotala wina waku North Carolina atha kulipira madokotala $ 1,000 aliyense chifukwa chochita zomwezo. Ku Mississippi, bilu ingachepetse inshuwaransi yaumoyo pazachipatala za transgender.
“Tikuwona tsunami ya malamulowa,” adatero Michael Bronsky, pulofesa pa yunivesite ya Harvard yemwe amafufuza mbiri ya LGBT ndi chikhalidwe.
Anti-LGBTQ yovomerezeka kuwonjezeka M’zaka zaposachedwa, ndi ndalama zambiri zomwe zimafuna kuchepetsa mabafa omwe anthu a transgender angagwiritse ntchito komanso magulu amasewera omwe atha kusewera. Koma m’chaka chathachi, malamulo odana ndi kusintha kwa thanzi ayamba kuwonjezereka. M’chaka cha malamulo aboma cha 2022, pafupifupi 60% yamalipiro azaumoyo okhudzana ndi LGBT adapangidwa kuti aletse kapena kuchepetsa chisamaliro chaumoyo wa transgender. Ndi chithunzithunzi chazaka khumi zapitazi pomwe opanga malamulo ochirikiza LGBTQ amakhazikitsa malamulo opita patsogolo monga kuletsa kutembenuka mtima, machitidwe opotoka Poyesa kusintha momwe wina amaonera kugonana kapena kuti ndi mwamuna kapena mkazi.
“Amaponya chilichonse pakhoma kuti awone chomwe chikulendewera,” adatero Bronsky.
Chase Strangio, loya ku American Civil Liberties Union yemwe Sulani mlandu wotsutsa mayiko angapo kwa malamulo odana ndi transgender omwe amatsutsa kuti akuphwanya Gawo la Chitetezo Chofanana cha 14th Amendment.
Strangio wachita bwino kutsimikizira oweruza kuti malamulowa sakhala ovomerezeka, makamaka pakadali pano. Ku Arkansas, adalandira lamulo lokhudza kuletsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo mofanana ndi kuletsa kwa Alabama, ndipo ku Texas adalandira lamulo lina lochokera kwa bwanamkubwa wolamula mabungwe a boma kuti afufuze makolo kapena madokotala omwe amapereka chithandizo chotsimikizira kugonana kwa ana.
Woweruza yemwe pamapeto pake adaletsa lamulo la Alabama adati “abambo – osati makhothi kapena makhothi a federal – amatenga gawo lalikulu pakusamalira ndi kusamalira ana awo.” Ananenanso kuti boma silinapereke umboni wodalirika kuti chithandizocho chinali “choyesa,” ndipo chifukwa chake ndi chowopsa, andale aku Alabama atsutsa. American Academy of Pediatrics ndi mabungwe ena akuluakulu azachipatala pafupifupi khumi ndi awiri amavomereza chithandizo chachipatala kwa achinyamata osintha gender.
Magulu osamala amakhulupirira kuti onse ammudzi komanso gulu lazaumoyo adzabwera okha. A Jay Richards, ofufuza a Heritage Foundation, woganiza bwino, adati ntchito ndikupereka malamulo achitsanzo kwa opanga malamulo pankhaniyi.
Olimbikitsa amati kuchita zinthu monyanyira ndi mbali imodzi ya ndondomekoyi. “Lirilonse mwa malamulowa ndi mayeso,” adatero Nikita Shepherd, wofufuza pa yunivesite ya Columbia yemwe amaphunzira za jenda ndi kugonana. Kodi mungapite patali bwanji?
Iwo anaiyerekezera ndi nkhondo yochotsa mimba imene inachititsa kuti mlandu wa Roe v. Wade ugwe m’mayambiriro a chaka chino. Kwa zaka zoposa khumi, aphungu a boma Iye anapereka mazana a malamulo Kuletsa kapena kuletsa kuchotsa mimba. Ambiri aiwo sanagwire ntchito, mpaka Khothi Lalikulu Lalikulu lokhazikika lidachita imodzi ndikuvota chaka chino kuti lithetse chitetezo cha federal kuchotsa mimba. Madokotala m’maboma khumi ndi awiri tsopano akuimbidwa milandu ngati apereka chithandizo chilichonse chochotsa mimba.
Madokotala omwe amawona odwala transgender akuwopa kuti tsogolo lawo likupita, adatero Kaelen Baker, mkulu wa bungwe la Whitman Walker Institute, gulu lofufuza zaumoyo wa gay komanso gulu lolimbikitsa anthu. “Tikuwona chisokonezo chachikulu, mantha ambiri komanso nkhawa zambiri,” adatero.
Zipatala zinanenanso za ziwawa ndi kuzunzidwa kwakukulu. Mwezi watha, madokotala ku Boston Children’s Hospital, kwawo kwa pulogalamu yaumoyo ya ana ndi achinyamata omwe adasintha mtundu woyamba mdziko muno, anali chandamale cha kampeni yozunza. Chipatalachi chinalandiranso chiwopsezo cha bomba patadutsa milungu ingapo.
Ngakhale pali zopinga zalamulo zomwe akumana nazo mpaka pano, malamulowo sakuyembekezeka kuzimiririka.
Promise to America’s Children, gulu lomenyera ufulu wa LGBT, likupempha opanga malamulo kuti asayine lonjezo lothandizira mfundo zoletsa “kuwongolera matupi a ana” monga oletsa kutha msinkhu komanso chithandizo cha mahomoni. Mgwirizanowu umathandizidwa ndi Heritage Foundation, Family Policy Alliance, ndi Freedom Defender Alliance, magulu osamala omwe athandizanso polimbana ndi kuchotsa mimba. Richards adati gululi liyambitsa malamulo achitsanzo komanso kampeni yophunzirira.
“Tikulimbana ndi kusagwirizana kwakukulu: Kodi ana angabadwe ndi matupi olakwika, komanso matupi awo ayenera kusintha kuti agwirizane ndi chikhalidwe chamkati, kapena tiyenera kuyesa kuthandiza ana kukhala omasuka m’matupi awo?” Richards of the Heritage Foundation adatero. “Pali kusiyana pakati pa malingaliro awiriwa osiyana a zenizeni ndipo timakhulupirira kuti wina ndi wolondola ndipo winayo ndi wolakwika.”
– Mothandizidwa ndi Lili Lin Ndipo the Taylor Johnson.
Kuti mulumikizane ndi omwe adalemba nkhaniyi:
Kelsey Butler ku New York pa kbutler55@bloomberg.net
Andre Tartar ku New York pa atartar@bloomberg.net
Kuti mulumikizane ndi mkonzi yemwe adayambitsa nkhaniyi:
Rebecca Greenfield pa rgreenfield@bloomberg.net
Sarah McGregor
© 2022 Bloomberg LP Ufulu wonse ndi wotetezedwa. Kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chilolezo.


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Gulani olembetsa a YouTube kuti muwone kuwonjezeka kwamabizinesi anu.
Mphindi iliyonse, maola 300 a makanema a YouTube amakwezedwa kumene papulatifomu. Izi ndizoposa maola 432,000 patsiku, ndi maola opitilira 157,680,000 pachaka. Zikuwoneka ngati aliyense ali pa YouTube - kutumiza, kuyankha, kuwonera, ndikulembetsa kumayendedwe osiyanasiyana. Makanema amapatsa ogwiritsa ntchito mwayi wodziwa zambiri.
Ichi ndichifukwa chake makanema a YouTube ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yotsatsira. Mitundu ina yotsatsa samauza kasitomala zomwe akufuna mwachangu zomwe ndizosavuta kumva. Anthu ochulukirachulukira akutembenukira kumawebusayiti ngati YouTube ndi Instagram kuti adziwe zambiri zamalonda, mabizinesi, komanso kuphunzira nkhani zadziko. Ndi zambiri zomwe zikupezeka patsamba la YouTube, zitha kukhala zovuta kuwonetsetsa kuti makanema anu akuwonekera, koma pali zomwe mungachite.
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Ndiye ndi chifukwa chiti chomwe bizinesi yanu iyenera kuti mugule olembetsa pa YouTube?
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Ndi kusintha kwaposachedwa kwa algorithm pa YouTube, ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri akuyamba kuyang'ana nthawi yomwe kanema amawonera, koma iyi ndi gawo chabe la chithunzi chachikulu. Kumene olembetsa tchanelo ali ofunikira ndi momwe vidiyoyi imayikidwa. Kanema wa YouTube wokhala ndi olembetsa ambiri awonjezera mwayi wowonera ndi omvera ambiri kuposa tchanelo chomwe chimawonedwa mofanana ndi olembetsa ochepa. Mukamagula olembetsa a YouTube mumasiyanitsa zomwe muli nazo ndi mabizinesi ena omwe ali mumakampani anu omwe amapereka zinthu zofananira. Kukulitsa kutsatira kwa tchanelo chanu kumakulitsa kuchuluka kwanu ndikupangitsa kuti zomwe mumalemba zikhale zovomerezeka kwa ogwiritsa ntchito omwe amawona zinthu zokhudzana nazo.
Pezani anthu kuti ayime kumbuyo kwa mtundu wanu
Kodi mudamvapo mawu akuti "nyani onani, nyani amachita?" Zikupezeka kuti pali sayansi yeniyeni kuseri kwa mawuwa. Anthu amasankha momwe angachitire malinga ndi momwe ena akuchitira munthawi ina. Mawu oti "Umboni Wachikhalidwe." Umboni Wachikhalidwe umagwiranso ntchito pa njira za YouTube. Ngati munthu afunsidwa njira yapa YouTube kuti awonere ndi otsatira ake ambiri, munthu ameneyo atha kuganiza kuti njirayo ndi yabwino komanso yosangalatsa kuonera mwanjira ina. Pogula olembetsa a YouTube, mukuwonetsa makasitomala anu kuti mtundu wanu umakondedwa, ndikuti akuyenera kuti azilembetsa nawonso zomwe mumakonda.
Pitani tizilombo
Ndicho cholinga sichoncho? Maloto a YouTuber aliwonse ndikutsitsa kanema ndikuwona "malingaliro" awo akukwera. Mavidiyo a YouTube a Viral amakhala gawo la miyambo yathu yazikhalidwe za tsiku ndi tsiku ndipo kuchuluka kwa mawonekedwe omwe mtundu wanu ungawonekere chifukwa chokhala ndi tizilombo ndikofunika kwambiri. Mukamagula olembetsa, mukukulitsa kwambiri mwayi wanu wopatsirana. Zomwe muli nazo ziziwoneka zotchuka, ndipo anthu ambiri atengera njira yanu. Tawona kale momwe owonjezera omwe angawonetsere kanema wanu kwa omvera ambiri. Zotsatira zake zipitilira kukulira palokha, ndipo sipadzakhala nthawi anthu padziko lonse lapansi ndi padziko lapansi akuwonera njira yanu. Kugula olembetsa ku YouTube kumapereka mwayi woti njira yanu iziyenda bwino ndikukweza kwambiri anthu omwe akuwona bizinesi yanu. Mutha ngakhale kupeza malo pa Njira 10 Zabwino Kwambiri pa YouTube za Thrillist.
Achire kuchokera makanema ochepa omwe sanatchuka
Zitha kuwoneka zopanda chilungamo, koma ngakhale kanema m'modzi yemwe sangakonde atha kutsitsa kutsika kwa njira yanu yonse ya YouTube. Kuti muchepetse zambiri "zomwe sindimakonda" pamavidiyo anu, mutha kugula olembetsa a YouTube kuti muthandize kuthana ndi kusiyana. Ngati mukuganiza kuti mungafunikire kuwononga zinthu, kugula olembetsa ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yoyambira njira yanu.
Channel yanu ndi yatsopano
Pazinthu zilizonse zapa media media, kupanga ndikusunga otsatira abwino kumafunikira khama, nthawi, ndi chidwi. Ngakhale mutakhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino komanso osangalatsa, ngati palibe amene akuchita nawo, pafupifupi awonongedwa. Ma TV omwe ndi atsopano ku YouTube amapindula kwambiri pogula olembetsa a YouTube chifukwa njira imeneyo imayamba kuwonekera nthawi zambiri ndipo anthu amatha kutsatira nayo. Ngati bizinesi yanu ikulimbana ndi vuto lokopa pa YouTube, kusankha kugula olembetsa pa YouTube kumatha kukupulumutsirani nthawi ndi anthu ogwira ntchito omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito bwino pamndandanda wazotsukira zosowa zina zamasiku ndi tsiku.
Kukula kwa phindu
Kumapeto kwa tsikulo, zolinga za kampani yanu ndikuwonjezera makasitomala anu, ndikuwonjezera phindu. Bizinesi yanu ikugwira ntchito pa YouTube chifukwa mukufuna kufikira ogula mwachindunji, ndipo mwachiyembekezo musintha malingaliro amenewo kukhala madola ndi masenti.
Chiwerengero cha omwe amawalembetsa omwe njira yanu ili nawo ndi mayankho achindunji ochokera kwa omvera anu za momwe amakonda zinthu zanu. Kubwezera ndalama mukamagula olembetsa pa YouTube ndikokwera kwambiri chifukwa olembetsa ambiri amadziwitsa owonera kuti mtundu wanu ndiwotchuka, ndipo akuyenera kuchita nawo.
Ogula amakono amayang'ana m'malo ambiri kuti adziwe zambiri asanapange chisankho pankhani yazogulitsa. Kuphatikiza pakusaka kumawebusayiti amakampani, anthu amayang'ana ku Yelp, Google Business, Instagram, komanso YouTube kuti adziwe zambiri zamalangizo ndi machitidwe aposachedwa. Ngati mudawonapo zokongola za vlogger zikuwunikanso chinthu chatsopano, mukudziwa kuti ali ndi otsatira ambiri okhulupirika omwe amamvera upangiri wawo mozama. Uwu ndi umboni woti anthu amayang'ana pa YouTube ngati gwero lodalirika lazidziwitso, ndipo mukamagula olembetsa a YouTube, mumadziwonjezera pazina zotchuka kwambiri zomwe zimatsatiridwa kwambiri.
Ndiye kodi izi zikutanthauza chiyani kubizinesi yanu?
Mavidiyo ndi njira yamphamvu yolumikizirana ndi makasitomala anu chifukwa amapereka chidziwitso chochuluka kwambiri kwakanthawi kochepa kwambiri. Mabizinesi opitilira 63% ayamba kuphatikiza YouTube pamsika wawo wotsatsa, ndipo akupeza zabwino zolumikizana ndi omvera awo kudzera papulatifomu.
Kutsata kolimba pa YouTube ndikofunikira pamachitidwe amtundu uliwonse otsatsa digito. Makanema amapatsa bizinesi yanu mwayi wapadera wofikira omvera anu ndikuwonetsa malonda anu m'njira yosangalatsa komanso yosangalatsa. Kumbukirani, pali maola 300 a makanema a YouTube omwe adakwezedwa mphindi iliyonse, chifukwa chake mukufuna kuwonetsetsa kuti njira yanu ndiyodziwika bwino. Kugula olembetsa ku YouTube kumatha kukulitsa kutsatira njira yanu, kukulitsa kuwonekera kwa malonda anu, kulimbikitsa njira zomwe zimafunikira kuthandizidwa, kukonza kuzindikira kwa makasitomala ndikuchita nawo, ndipo pamapeto pake kumabweretsa phindu lochulukirapo.
Mukufuna kufikira anthu ambiri ndikukulitsa kupezeka kwa njira yanu ya YouTube? Gulani olembetsa a YouTube kuchokera ku SubPals ndikuyamba ulendo wanu wopita ku YouTube lero.


text:
14500/14650/18350/18650/21700/26650/32700/LTO
Cylindrical Cell
ISPACE's cylindrical cell series ikuphatikizapo 14500/14650/18350/18650/21700/26650/32700/LTO, etc. The automation level of cylindrical cell production is high because of its structural features and standardization of his model. Izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusinthasintha kwakukulu komanso kuwonjezeka kofanana kwa zokolola.
Mphamvu Zapamwamba
Kuchulukana Kwambiri
Mature Technology
Mtengo Wochepa Wodzitulutsa
Kusasinthika Kwabwino kwa Monomer
Katundu Wamakina Wabwino
Yosavuta Kuyika
Onani Momwe Imagwirira Ntchito Muzoseweretsa
Batire ya cylindrical lithiamu imakhala ndi kachulukidwe kakang'ono kwambiri komanso mphamvu zambiri zotulutsa. Komanso, kudziletsa kwake kumakhala kochepa, batire ya lithiamu ya cylindrical ilibe kukumbukira, kotero imakhala yolimba kwambiri ndipo imakhala ndi moyo wautali. Ndicho chifukwa chake zoseweretsa za ana ambiri tsopano zimagwiritsa ntchito mabatire a cylindrical lithiamu.
Zogwiritsidwa Ntchito Kwambiri
Ndioyenera Pamapulogalamu Amitundumitundu
Batire iyi ya cylindrical imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndipo imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu izi: makina opangira ndalama, POS pokwerera, chowunikira, scanner ya barcode, makina a taxi, chida choyatsira mavoti, kuyatsa, masensa amoto, zida za minee, speaker, GPS tracekr, kanema wamagalimoto. -registry, stand-alone telemechanic syster, GSM-modem ect.
Mmene Mungapangire
Professional Production Line
iSPACE ndi kampani yotsogola kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi yopanga mphamvu zatsopano, yodzipereka kuti ipereke mayankho ndi ntchito zoyambira pakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zatsopano padziko lonse lapansi. Zogulitsa zama cell zimaphimba prismatic, pouch, cylindrical, etc., ndiukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri wopanga zinthu zapamwamba kwambiri.


text:
WOJIE Cheap CNC Turning Center pa Zitsulo CNC Lathe Machine CK46D-8 Y olamulira CNC Lathe mphero Chida chamoyo 5 axis cnc lathe fanuc
Tsatanetsatane wa Zamalonda
Zolemba Zamalonda
Mafotokozedwe Akatundu
LATHE YAKULU YA SPINDLE HOLE PRECISION LATHE:
Zogulitsa ndi X, Y, Z, C axis servo control the semi-closed-loop inclined bed mphero makina, mawonekedwe ophatikizika ndi miyeso yaying'ono, spindle (C axis) ya servo motor drive.Chitsanzo chothandizira chimatha kukonza njira zosiyanasiyana monga kutembenuka, kuyang'ana ndi kutembenuza ulusi wazitsulo zosiyanasiyana, ma disks ndi zina zotero, mphero zosiyanasiyana zamtundu wa radial ndi axial, kubowola ndi zina zotero, ndipo ndizoyenera kukonza bwino magawo ang'onoang'ono. .
specifications luso
Zowonjezera zowonjezera
1.CNC System 988T.
2.X/Z Axis Servo : GSK Servo mota ndi dalaivala.
3.Spindle(C olamulira) galimoto: GSK 5.5kw servo spindle galimoto ndi dalaivala.
4.X/Z Axis leadcrew itengera HIWIN kapena PMI 4010-C3 ballscrew.
5.X/Z Axis linear kalozera amatengera HIWIN kapena PMI mzere kalozera.
6.Spindle: Spindle yamtundu wa sleeve imatenga ma bere a NTN kapena NACHI.
7.Chuck: 42mm collet chuck, kusankha kutengera Taiwan 6" hydraulic chuck.
8.Hydraulic Cylinder: Taiwan.
9.Zingwe: NTN kapena NACHI
10.Turret: Chida chaudindo.
Zosankha Zosankha
1-CNC dongosolo: Siemens, Fanuc wolamulira
2-Nsagwada zitatu Hydraulic chuck
3-Horizontal-station 8 turret
4-Chip conveyor
5-Mtundu wamutu wamphamvu:
4 kumapeto + 4 kumbali
3 kumapeto + 3 kumbali
3 kumapeto +2 m'mbali
4 pomaliza
3 ku mbali
Zithunzi Zatsatanetsatane
Chiyambi cha Kampani
Kupaka & Kutumiza
FAQ
1. Kodi Malipiro Terms ?
A: T/T, 30% kulipira koyambirira mukayitanitsa, 70% malipiro oyenera musanatumize; LC yosasinthika ikamawona.
Tikalandira ndalama zolipiriratu, tidzayamba kupanga kupanga. makinawo akakonzeka, tidzakutengerani zithunzi. Titalandira malipiro anu.tikutumizirani makinawo.
2: Kodi zinthu zanu zazikulu za kampani yanu ndi ziti?
A: Tinkapanga makina amitundu yonse, monga CNC Lathe Machine, CNC Milling Machine, Vertical Machining Center, Lathe Machines, Drilling Machine, Radial Drilling Machine, Sawing Machine, Shaper machine, gear hobbing machine ndi zina zotero.
3.Kodi nthawi yobereka ndi liti?
A: Ngati makina omwe mudzayitanitsa ndi makina okhazikika, titha kukonza makinawo mkati mwa masiku 15.ngati makina ena apadera adzakhala ena motalika.Nthawi ya sitimayo ndi pafupifupi masiku 30 kupita ku Ulaya, America.Ngati mukuchokera ku Australia, kapena Asia, zikhala zazifupi.Mutha kuyitanitsa molingana ndi nthawi yobweretsera ndi nthawi yotumiza.tidzakupatsani yankho molingana.
4. Kodi malonda anu ndi otani?
A: FOB, CFR, CIF kapena mawu ena onse ndi ovomerezeka.
5. Kodi kuchuluka kwa dongosolo lanu ndi chitsimikizo ndi chiyani?
A: MOQ ndi seti imodzi, ndipo chitsimikizo ndi chaka chimodzi.koma tidzapereka ntchito ya moyo wonse pamakina.
6. Kodi phukusi la makinawo ndi chiyani?
A: Muyezo wa makinawo udzakhala wodzaza ndi plywood kesi.


text:
Sangalalani ndi ma eclairs awa patebulo lanu. Ndi njira ina yapadera yopangira guacamole yopangira kunyumba ndikudziwa kuti…
Chinsinsi ichi chokoma cha ayisikilimu ndichosavuta. Simungaganize momwe izi zimakhalira zabwino komanso zathanzi ...
Ngati mumakonda maphikidwe osiyanasiyana, nayi malingaliro osaneneka oti mugawane ndi abwenzi komanso abale. Ndi…
Chinsinsichi mosakayikira ndi njira yopangira ma cookies komanso kumene ana angasangalale kupanga izi ...
Tili ndi mayikirowevu otsika mtengo komanso osagwiritsidwa ntchito; ndipo ndichofunika kwambiri kuposa kutentha mkaka kapena ...
Sindikudziwa ngati mumadziwa mbatata zofiirira. Ali ndi ma antioxidants ambiri ndipo amakupatsani mwayi wokonzekera maphikidwe oyambira komanso osangalatsa chifukwa cha ...
Kuthetsa ludzu lanu ndi kapu yabwino ya rasipiberi mandimu. Ndizotsitsimutsa, mwachilengedwe, zosavuta kuchita komanso kwathunthu ...
Zosakaniza Zimatumikira 4 ma courgette ang'onoang'ono 3 150 g wa ufa 15 g wa chimanga 5 g wa sodium bicarbonate ...
Zosakaniza Zimatumikira 4 350 g wa rigatoni pasitala 1 Biringanya 1 clove wa adyo 200 g wa tchizi ...
Zosakaniza Kwa ma Watermelon 12 popsicles 1 chikho cha shuga 100 gr wa laimu odzola, chilichonse ...
Zosakaniza Kwa anthu 2 2 mapeyala apakati 150 gr wa nyama yophika 4 mazira 100 gr ya tchizi grated Mchere ...


text:
Kufotokozera
Pamsika wopanda unyolo wopita patsogolo ndi nyumba yokongola iyi yokhala ndi zipinda ziwiri zogona za bungalow ku Sandown. Yopezeka pamalo omangidwa kumene a Riverview Court - mtunda waufupi kuchokera pagombe, mashopu ndi maulalo oyendera - malo odabwitsawa ali ndi magawo awiri awiri. Zipinda zogona zokhala ndi en-suite kwa ambuye, chipinda chachikulu chochezera / chodyeramo, khitchini yamakono yokhala ndi zida zamagetsi, chipinda chapadera chothandizira komanso bafa yokongola yabanja. Monga minda yokongola ya bwalo.Riverview Court palokha ndi malo atsopano komanso okhazikika okhalamo okhala ndi nyumba za bungalow park zomwe sizipezeka kawirikawiri ku Isle of Wight komwe kuli anthu opitilira zaka 45 okhala ndi woyang'anira paki. kapena zidziwitso zonse zokhudzana ndi malowa zitha kuperekedwa ndi wogulitsa yekha, ndipo ngakhale timayesetsa nthawi zonse kutsimikizira zomwe tapatsidwa, tikukulangizani mwamphamvu kuti mufunsirenso musanapitirize. Ngati mungasungitse zowonera kapena mupereke mwayi panyumba yomwe yayesedwa pafupifupi, mukuchita izi podziwa kuti izi zitha kuperekedwa ndi wogulitsa yekha, ndi kuti mwina sitinathe kupeza malowa kuti titsimikizire zambiri kapena kuyesa zida zilizonse. Chifukwa chake tikukulangizani mwamphamvu kuti mufunse mafunso ena musanamalize kugula nyumbayo kuti muwonetsetse kuti mukukondwera ndi zonse zomwe zaperekedwa.


text: Simply(Weifang) International Trade Co., Ltd. idakhazikitsidwa mu 2016, yomwe idakhazikitsidwa ndi mafakitale angapo apamwamba, odzipereka kuti atumikire mayiko a Belt and Road, kupereka zinthu ndi ntchito zapamwamba kwambiri, bizinesi yayikulu yamakampani imaphatikizapo : makina omanga, makina ulimi, kusamalira madzi, magetsi, Hardware zida, banja ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku, etc. Kampani amatsatira njira mtundu, kaphatikizidwe kupanga, OEM, malonda, ndi pambuyo-malonda magulu kupereka ntchito kupanga akatswiri, kupereka ndi malonda ntchito kwa ambiri othandizira ndi ogulitsa.


text: Dongosolo logwiritsa ntchito laser yapadera ya diode yokhala ndi Pulse-Width 808nm yayitali, imatha kulowa mpaka kumutu watsitsi.Pogwiritsa ntchito chiphunzitso chosankha choyamwitsa, laser imatha kutengeka bwino ndi melanin wa tsitsi ndiyeno kutenthetsa tsinde la tsitsi ndi follicle ya tsitsi, komanso kuwononga gulu la tsitsi ndi mpweya wozungulira tsitsi.Pamene laser zotuluka, dongosolo ndi luso lapadera kuzirala, kuziziritsa khungu ndi kuteteza khungu kuvulazidwa ndi kufika chithandizo otetezeka kwambiri ndi omasuka.


text:
Highway Guardrail C Post Profile Roll Forming Machine
Tsatanetsatane wa Zamalonda
Zogulitsa Tags
ZINTHU ZOPHUNZITSIRA ZAKULU
Zida: Mapepala a Galvanized
Zokolola mphamvu ya zipangizo: 235Mpa
Coil Akunja Diameter: ≤Ф1200 mm
Koyilo Mkati awiri: Ф508mm
Kukula kwa Mzere Wachitsulo: ≤150mm
Makulidwe a Zitsulo: 2mm
Kulemera kwa Coil: ≤2000 kg
Malo Apansi a Makina: 25000X3000X1800
NJIRA YOPHUNZITSA
Mzere wopanga umachitika motsatira njira iyi:
Kumasula → Kudyetsa Servo Mulingo → Kukhomerera → Kupanga Mpukutu Wozizira → Kumeta Ma Hydraulic → Kutulutsa Zinthu
ZINTHU ZOFUNIKA KWAMBIRI
1. Uncoiler 1set
Chololeka koyilo yamkati mwake: Ф508
Max.chololeka koyilo awiri akunja: Ф1200mm
Max.chololeka mpukutu m'lifupi: 200 mm
Max.mpukutu wonyamula kulemera: ≤2000 kg
2. Kudyetsa Servo 1 seti
Kuthamanga kwakukulu kodyetsa: 30m / min
Zolemba malire zololeka kudyetsa m'lifupi: ≤200mm
Kunenepa kumaloledwa ≤ 2mm
Vuto limodzi lodyetsa: ≤± 0.2mm (kulekerera sikungowonjezera)
Mtundu wamagalimoto a Servo: Yaskawa (YASKAWA, Japan)
Servo motor mphamvu: ≈3Kw (malinga ndi kapangidwe komaliza)
3. Makina Okhomerera 1set
Imatengera makina osindikizira amitundu inayi, yomwe ndi yachuma, yogwira ntchito komanso yachangu.Mtunda wokhomerera umasinthika munjira yodutsa mbale, ndipo sitepe yokhomerera imatha kusinthidwa kudzera mumagetsi owongolera magetsi.
4. Makina Odzigudubuza Opanga 1 seti
Archway zakuthupi: QT450.
Zodzigudubuza shaft zakuthupi: 40Cr, kuzimitsidwa ndi kupsya mtima, kuuma ndi HRC45 ~ 50
Kupanga chiphaso: 12 kupita
Shaft awiri a makina opangira: φ60mm (malinga ndi kapangidwe komaliza)
Mphamvu yamagetsi: pafupifupi 30kW (malinga ndi kapangidwe komaliza)
Kuthamanga kwakukulu kwa mzere: 3 ~ 10m / min
5. Pneumatic kutsatira-up kumeta 1 seti
Zodula: Cr12MoV (kuuma pambuyo kuzimitsa ndi HRC58~62)
6. Hydraulic System 1 seti
Zigawo zazikuluzikulu ndi: pampu ya mafuta, galimoto, hydraulic valve, solenoid valve, fyuluta ndi tank mafuta a hydraulic, etc.The hydraulic system imagwiritsa ntchito fyuluta, ndipo ukhondo wa mafuta umatsimikiziridwa kukhala mlingo wa 6-8.


text:
Wothandizira akhoza kujambulaPezani ndi kuyimba mafoni mukakhala pa kompyuta kapena pa foni yam’manja
Omaha, Neb.Ndipo the Seputembara 8, 2022 /PRNewswire/ – Msika Wapamwamba Wogulitsa® (SMS) yawulula njira yothetsera foni yamalonda yodzaza ndi zonse zothandizira othandizira inshuwalansi kuti azitsatira ndondomeko yatsopano ya Medicare yomwe imafuna kujambula mafoni omwe ali mbali ya Medicare Advantage kapena Part D Plan yolembetsa opindula.
Yankho lochokera ku SMS, limodzi mwa mabungwe otsogola pamakampani ogulitsa inshuwaransi (IMOs), limapitilira kungokwaniritsa zofunikira zojambulira mafoni – limaperekanso zina zomwe othandizira ambiri odziyimira pawokha alibe masiku ano, kuphatikiza mavidiyo, kutumizirana mameseji, ndi voicemail. zolemba. Makamaka, pulogalamu yam’manja imapatsa othandizira kusinthasintha kuti agulitse mogwirizana kuchokera kulikonse. SMS idzapereka yankho la foni popanda mtengo kwa ma SMS Agents omwe ali ndi makontrakitala panthawi ya Medicare Election Period (AEP).
“Ili ndiye yankho lathunthu lomwe taliwonapo pamakampani,” adatero Bob Harding, Mutu wa SMS Technology ndi Wachiwiri kwa Purezidenti. “Agent azitha kujambula mafoni ngati akuchokera pa kompyuta kapena pa foni yam’manja, ndipo amatha kuyimba kuti ikhale pa desktop, pa foni yam’manja ndi yam’manja nthawi imodzi. Ndi yankho la SMS, othandizira sayenera kuphonya kapena kulumikizidwa desiki.”
Dwayne McFerrinWachiwiri kwa Purezidenti wa SMS, Med Solutions, adati SMS idalumpha nthawi yomweyo kuti ipeze yankho pomwe Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) idasindikiza malamulo pa Meyi 9, 2022kuti othandizira azitha kutsatira October 1 tsiku lomaliza komanso nyengo yawo yotanganidwa kwambiri, AEP, yomwe ili Kuyambira October 15 mpaka December 7. Mgwirizano wa SMS ndi Phone.com, wothandizira mauthenga ogwirizana omwe amadziwika kuti ndi ogwirizana ndi HIPAA ndipo ali ndi ma API osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito – zinthu zomwe zimalola kuphatikizika mwachangu ndi SMS’ Lead Advantage Pro.® Registry chida.
“Zinali zofunikira kwa ife kuti tipereke yankho lomwe limalola othandizira kuti apitirize kuchita bizinesi momwe amafunira. Njira yothetsera vutoli singakhale yovuta ndikuyichepetsa, “adatero MacFerrin. “Kupyolera mu mgwirizano wathu ndi Phone.com, timatha kupereka yankho lomwe silimangothandiza wogulitsa kuti apitirize ntchito yawo ya tsiku ndi tsiku, komanso kuwalola kuti azigwira ntchito bwino chifukwa cha ntchito zowonjezera zomwe amapereka.”
Yankho la foni lidzaphatikizidwa ndi chida cha SMS Lead Advantage Pro mkati mwa Seputembala. Kuphatikizika kwina kwa Lead Advantage Pro-monga batani la buluu ku Medicare.gov-ndi zina zothandizira othandizira kugwira ntchito mosavuta, moyenera, komanso molondola, pochotsa ntchito zamanja, kulola kubwereza mawu pa intaneti ndikugwiritsa ntchito, ndikulumikiza njira yonse yogulitsa kukhala nsanja imodzi. .
“Kuphatikizidwa kwa Lead Advantage Pro ndi Phone.com kumapatsa ogulitsa mphamvu zambiri, kusinthasintha komanso kuchita bwino, kulikonse komwe amagwira ntchito,” adatero McFerrin. “Agent omwe amagwiritsa ntchito Lead Advantage Pro amatha kulumikiza ndikulembetsa mkati mwa chidachi ndikudina kamodzi.”
Kuyimba pa njira yojambulira kuyimba kwa SMS kumatha kusungidwa kwa zaka 10, kukwaniritsa zofunikira za CMS.
SMS imaperekanso kujambula mafoni kudzera pa Medicare Insurance Direct® Kuphatikiza pa chinthu chatsopano chosangalatsa chomwe chimalola othandizira kuti azijambula foni ndi siginecha yamawu. McFerrin adanena kuti siginecha yamawu idzakhala yosintha masewera kwa othandizira omwe amagulitsa pafoni, chifukwa zidzathetsa kufunika kotumizira maimelo kapena kulowa mawebusayiti. Zonse zojambulira mafoni ndi siginecha yamawu zitha kupezeka pa Medicare Insurance Direct AEP.
“Tatha kupereka mayankho omwe angathandize othandizira kuchita zambiri kuposa kungotsatira malamulo,” adatero MacFerrin. “Mayankho awa athandiza othandizira kuti azigwira ntchito bwino komanso kupereka mwayi kwamakasitomala ndi chiyembekezo. Tikuyembekeza kuthandiza othandizira kuti apange AEP yawo yabwino kwambiri mpaka pano.”
Agents amatha kudziwa zambiri za njira yojambulira mafoni pa www.SraduateMarketSales.com/CallRecording.
Zamsika wapamwamba wogulitsa
msika wogulitsa kwambiri® (SMS) imayimira chithandizo chabwino kwambiri cha Medicare, Medicare Advantage, annuity, life, chisamaliro chanthawi yayitali komanso makampani a inshuwaransi yoyendera m’maboma onse 50. Opitilira inshuwaransi odziyimira pawokha opitilira 70,000 amadalira ma SMS paukadaulo wa eni, katundu wa inshuwaransi wampikisano, maphunziro aukadaulo ndi ntchito zowathandiza kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yawo, kupeza ndalama zambiri, ndikuyika bizinesi yawo. Yakhazikitsidwa mu 1982, SMS ndi yochokera ku Omaha, Nebraska. Mu 2020, SMS idalowa m’banja lamakampani la Alliant Insurance Services. Pitani ku www.SeniorMarketSales.com kapena imbani 1.800.786.5566 kuti mudziwe zambiri.
Othandizira akuyenera kuzindikira kuti palibe chidziwitso chilichonse choperekedwa ndi SMS chokhudzana ndi njira zamakono zotere chomwe chiyenera kutengedwa ngati uphungu wazamalamulo, kapena ngati chitsimikizo chakuti kugwiritsa ntchito luso linalake kudzakwaniritsa zofunikira zawo zoyendetsera ntchito kapena mgwirizano. Othandizira ali ndi udindo womvetsetsa udindo wonse wojambulira mafoni omwe akugwira ntchito kwa iwo, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti akugwiritsa ntchito njira zaukadaulo za SMS m’njira yomwe imawalola kukwaniritsa zomwe akufuna. Yankho la SMS si njira yokhayo yomwe ingapezeke yoyang’anira zojambulira mafoni.
Contact: Dan Trembley
Wachiwiri kwa Purezidenti, Division Director, Communications and Creative Services
msika wogulitsa kwambiri®
402.343.3689
[email protected]
SOURCE Senior Market Sales


text: 1. Mwachidule Makina ogwiritsira ntchito laser omwe amakhala kutali ndi methane gasi amagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa laser spectroscopy (TDLAS) kuti azindikire mwachangu komanso molondola kutuluka kwa gasi patali mamitala 30. Ogwira ntchito amatha kuzindikira bwino malo ovuta kufikako kapena osafikika m'malo otetezeka, monga misewu yodzaza ndi anthu ambiri, mapaipi oyimitsidwa, mapiri okwera kwambiri, mapaipi otumiza anthu akutali, ndi zipinda zopanda anthu. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito sikuti kumangoyendetsa bwino magwiridwe antchito komanso kuyendera koyenda, komanso kumathandizira i ...


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Chiyambi Chaukadaulo
Masoka amadzi osefukira ndi amodzi mwamasoka achilengedwe oopsa kwambiri mdziko lathu. Ndikukula kwa sayansi ndi ukadaulo, anthu ali ndi zotsutsana nazo zambiri. Chiwerengero cha nyumba zomwe zidagwa komanso kufa chifukwa chamadzi osefukira mdziko langa nthawi zambiri zikuchepa. Kuyambira 2011, chiwerengero cha anthu omwe adamwalira chifukwa cha kusefukira kwamadzi mdziko langa akhala ochepera 1,000, zomwe zikutsimikiziranso kuti kusefukira kwamadzi sikukuchuluka.
Pa Juni 22, 2020, matauni akumpoto a Tongzi County, Zunyi City, m'chigawo cha Guizhou adakumana ndi mvula yambiri m'chigawochi. Mvula yamphamvu idagwa m'matawuni atatu. Mvula yamphamvu idapangitsa kuti matauni osiyanasiyana mdera la Tongzi akhudzidwe mosiyanasiyana. Malinga ndi kafukufuku woyambirira ndi ziwerengero, anthu atatu adaphedwa ndipo m'modzi adavulala chifukwa chakugwa kwa nyumba zomwe zidachitika chifukwa chamadzi osefukira. Anthu 10,513 adasamutsidwa mwachangu ndipo anthu 4,127 amafunikira thandizo ladzidzidzi. Kuzimitsidwa kwa magetsi komanso kusokonezedwa kwa ma network m'matawuni ndi m'matawuni ena kudawononga chuma cha yuan miliyoni 82.89.
Kupulumutsa kwamadzi ndi ntchito yopulumutsa mwadzidzidzi, nthawi yayitali, zofunikira kwambiri pamaluso, zovuta zopulumutsa, komanso chiopsezo chachikulu. Opulumutsa akapita mwakuya mumtsinje kuti apulumutse anthu, amakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu ndipo amatha kutaya nthawi yabwino yopulumutsa anthu. Palibe zisonyezo zoonekeratu zakugwa pamadzi. Nthawi zambiri amafunika kufunafuna m'dera lalikulu kwakanthawi kuti apeze munthu womira. Izi zimakulitsa zolepheretsa kupulumutsa m'madzi.
Ukadaulo wapano
Masiku ano, pali mitundu yambiri yazida zopulumutsa madzi pamsika, zogwira ntchito zowonjezereka komanso mtengo wokwera. Komabe, ili ndi zoperewera zina zomwe sizinapambane. Otsatirawa ndi ena mwa mavuto azida zopulumutsa m'madzi momwe:
1. Zida zopulumutsira madzi zomwe zimaponyedwa m'madzi kuchokera m'sitima, m'mbali mwa nyanja, kapena pandege zimatha kugubuduzika. Zida zopulumutsa madzi sizigwira ntchito zongotembenukira kutsogolo, zomwe zimachedwetsa ntchito zopulumutsa. Kuphatikiza apo, kuthekera kolimbana ndi mphepo ndi mafunde sikabwino. Ngati mungakumane ndi mafunde opitilira mamitala awiri, zida zopulumutsa moyo zidzajambulidwa pansi pamadzi, zomwe zitha kupha anthu komanso kutaya katundu.
2. Mukamathandiza madzi, ndizotheka kuti zinthu zakunja monga zomangira madzi, zinyalala zapulasitiki, ndi zina zambiri zitha kutchera msampha anthu omwe atsekeka kapena zida zopulumutsa moyo. Zoyendetsa zida zina sizigwiritsa ntchito chivundikiro chapadera, chomwe sichingaletse zinthu zakunja kuti zisakodwe ndi tsitsi laumunthu, zomwe zimawonjezera ngozi zobisika pakupulumutsa anthu.
3. Potengera mawonekedwe ake, masuti opulumutsa madzi omwe analipo amakhala osatekeseka komanso osasinthasintha, ndipo mawondo ndi zigongono sizilimbikitsidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chitetezo chawo ndi kufooka kwawo kufooke. Pamwamba pa zipper sichikhala ndi velcro yokonzera zipper, zomwe ndizosavuta kutsika pamene zipper ikugwira ntchito pansi pamadzi. Nthawi yomweyo, zipper sizikhala ndi thumba la zipper, lomwe ndi lovuta kuvala.
Robototi yopulumutsa madzi
Sitima yosakira ndi kupulumutsa yopanda anthu ya ROV-48 ndi kabokosi kakang'ono, koyendera kutali, kosafufuza madzi ndi loboti yopulumutsa anthu pakuzimitsa moto. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupulumutsa madzi m'madamu, mitsinje, magombe, zitsime, kusefukira kwamadzi ndi zina.
Magwiridwe antchito onse
1.Malitali kulankhulana mtunda: ≥2500m
2. Liwiro lakutsogolo kwambiri: ≥45km / h
Opanda zingwe mphamvu ya kutali anzeru mphamvu lifebuoy
Mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yopulumutsa opanda zingwe ndi loboti yaying'ono yopulumutsira yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito patali. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'madziwe osambira, malo osungira, mitsinje, magombe, ma yatchi, mabwato, kusefukira kwamadzi ndi zochitika zina populumutsa madzi.
Magwiridwe antchito onse
1. Makulidwe: 101 * 89 * 17cm
2. Kulemera: 12Kg
3. Mphamvu yopulumutsa: 200Kg
4. Kutalika kwakukulu kwa kulumikizana ndi 1000m
5. Palibe liwiro lolemetsa: 6m / s
6. Kuthamanga kwamunthu: 2m / s
7. Nthawi yothamanga kwambiri: 45min
8. Kutali kwakutali: 1.2Km
9. Nthawi yogwira 30min
Mawonekedwe
1. Chipolopolocho chimapangidwa ndi zinthu za LLDPE zosavala bwino, zotchingira magetsi, kulimba ndi kuzizira.
2. Kupulumutsa mwachangu paulendo wonsewu: Liwiro lopanda katundu: 6m / s; Liwiro (80Kg) liwiro: 2m / s.
3. Imagwiritsa ntchito zida zakutali zogwiritsa ntchito mfuti, zomwe zimatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi dzanja limodzi, zosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, ndipo zimatha kuyendetsa molondola mphamvu ya lifebuoy.
4. Dziwani kutalikirana kwapadera kwakutali pa 1.2Km.
5. Thandizani kuyika ma GPS, kukhazikitsa pompopompo, kuthamanga mwachangu komanso molondola.
6. Kuthandizira kubwerera kwa kiyi ndikubwerera kunyumba ndikupitilira komweko.
7. Imathandizira kuyendetsa mbali zonse ziwiri ndipo imatha kupulumutsa mu mphepo zazikulu ndi mafunde.
8. Imathandizira kukonza kwanzeru kwamalangizo, ndipo ntchitoyo ndiyolondola kwambiri.
9. Njira yoyendetsera: Malo oyendetsa ndege amatengera, ndipo malo ozungulira ndi ochepera mita imodzi.
10. Pogwiritsa ntchito batriyamu ya lithiamu, kupirira kotsika kwambiri kumakhala kopitilira 45min.
11. Ntchito yolumikizira batri yotsika.
12. Magetsi ochenjeza okwera kwambiri amatha kuzindikira mawonekedwe oyang'ana usiku kapena nyengo yoipa.
13. Pewani kuvulala kwachiwiri: Mzere wachitetezo chothana ndi kugunda umateteza kuwonongeka kwa thupi la munthu panthawi yakutsogolo.
14. Kugwiritsa ntchito mwadzidzidzi: 1 key boot, fast boot, yokonzeka kugwiritsa ntchito ikagwa m'madzi.
Nthawi yamakalata: Mar-10-2021


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Ntchito mokwanira PC thanzi cheke ndi kukonza nkhani zimene liwiro kompyuta ntchito.Yesani PowerSuite Golden
Akatenge zotayika deta yanu iOS chipangizo chifukwa mwangozi kufufutidwa, ukali kapena wosweka chipangizo, jailbreak kapena analephera pomwe.Yesani Dr. Fone kwa iOS
Akabweretse kukumbukira kuti ndinaganiza anasowa kosatha pa kompyuta ndipo ena deta yosungirako zipangizo.Yesani Photo Recovery
Dziko # 1 iPhone, iPad, iPod Kukhudza deta kuchira mapulogalamu akuchira anataya kulankhula, mauthenga, zithunzi, zolemba ndi zina zambiri.LIMAVOMEREZA MALONDA
Tikupereka inu akadziwa kuti chuma chako deta ndi otetezeka ndi recoverable.
Wondershare Zofunikira njira kupanga deta yokonza ndi kuchira zovuta iliyonse chipangizo - iOS, Android, kompyuta, yadigito, ndi zambiri. Ndi ochepa chabe n'kosavuta, inu mudzakhala ndi kuthamanga kachiwiri.
Quick, losavuta komanso ndi otetezeka deta kuchira wanu iPhone, iPad, iPod kukhudza kapena Android m'manja ndi magome. Phunzirani More: Pakuti iOS Pakuti Android
Achire zoposa 500 wapamwamba akamagwiritsa ndi amphamvu ndi chiopsezo wopanda deta kuchira mapulogalamu. Dziwani zambiri
Wosakwiya PC? Inagwera kachiwiri? Pezani thandizo muyenera ndi bwino zochitika mwadzidzidzi PC kukonza ndi kukonzanso chida. Dziwani zambiri
Kuchita zonse kompyuta umoyo ndi ntchito macheke. Kufulumizitsa wanu PC, kuthetsa n'zimene ndi freezes, ndi zinthu zanu zachinsinsi. Umodzi pitani! Dziwani zambiri
Kaya TV owona anali fufutidwa, reformatted kapena anataya, Photo Recovery adzapeza ndi kuwabwezeretsa chilichonse PC ndi zina digito yosungirako zipangizo. Dziwani zambiri
More mankhwala ka kukhathamiritsa


text: Oxygen Mask amapangidwa ndi aerosol mask ndi oxygen tubing yomwe imakwirira pakamwa ndi mphuno ndipo imamangiriridwa ku thanki ya oxygen. Ogijeni chigoba chimagwiritsidwa ntchito posamutsa mpweya wa mpweya m'mapapu a odwala. Chigoba cha oxygen chimakhala ndi zingwe zotanuka komanso zotsekera mphuno zomwe zimasinthasintha zomwe zimakwanira kukula kwamitundu ingapo yamaso. Oxygen Mask yokhala ndi Tubing imabwera ndi chubu chopangira mpweya cha 200cm, ndipo vinyl yoyera komanso yofewa imapereka chitonthozo chachikulu kwa wodwala ndipo imalola kuwunika kowoneka. Oxygen Mask yokhala ndi Tubing imapezeka mumtundu wobiriwira kapena wowonekera.


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Kusewera BBC Radio mu iTunes
Mwina ndinu wokonda BBC wailesi. Koma nthawi zina, nthawi zonse kutsatira mumaikonda BBC pawailesi chifukwa cha amatanganidwa. Ndi kwambiri chifundo, sichoncho? Chabwino, angofuna kusewera BBC wailesi iTunes kuti inu ndinu okhoza kumvera BBC wailesi ngati mukumvetsera iTunes nyimbo? Kapena kupitiriza kulunzanitsa BBC wailesi anu apulo zipangizo monga iPhone kapena iPod kuti mungasangalale iwo pa amapita?
Nthawi zambiri, inu simungakhoze kuika BBC wailesi iTunes kwa kubwezeretsa Intaneti kapena offline. Chifukwa palibe mwachindunji maulalo kwa owerenga download BBC wailesi kuti iTunes. Mwamwayi, gwiritsani ntchito wachitatu chipani zida kukuthandizani kutsiriza BBC iTunes kutembenuka.
Streaming Audio Recorder Yabwino BBC wailesi Audio wolemba ine ndinayamba ntchito. Iwo cholinga kulemba BBC wailesi ankaimba kudzera kompyuta wothandiza wa khadi pogwiritsa ntchito pafupifupi phokoso khadi, kusunga yakale Audio ndi 1: 1 khalidwe.
Izi phunziro pano chikusonyeza inu kuti akwanilitse BBC iTunes kutembenuka mkati kokha 3 mapazi. Basi kutsatira izo.
1 kukhazikitsa ndi Kachitidwe anzeru BBC wailesi Audio wolemba
Pambuyo download, yagunda .exe wapamwamba kukhazikitsa chachikulu ichi Audio wolemba zochitika. Pa unsembe ndondomeko, ngati inu bango mwayi "Launch Streaming Audio Recorder pakali pano", izi app adzathamanga Patapita. Kapena iwiri dinani desiki mafano kukhazikitsa izo.
2 Yambani kulemba BBC wailesi
Kuti alembe Audio pulogalamu, choyamba, inu muyenera kugunda "Record" batani pamwamba kumanzere aika mawonekedwe. Chifukwa zimenezi ndi kuonetsetsa wathunthu kujambula. Ndiye, kupeza BBC wailesi, kupeza ndi kusewera wina pulogalamu inu mukufuna kulemba. Inu mudzapeza izi anzeru app wayamba kulemba BBC wailesi mwamsanga.
Dziwani izi: Ngati inu simungakhoze kukhala ndi kulemba BBC wailesi, izi app wakupatsani mphamvu kukhazikitsa chiyambi ndi mapeto nthawi yomvetserayi.
3 Play BBC wailesi iTunes
Pamene izo zachita, inu mudzapeza malekodi BBC wailesi owona mu BBC wailesi Audio wolemba 'm laibulale. Pitani ku "Library", kusankha njanji owona mukufuna kugula kwa iTunes, ndiyeno anagunda "Kuwonjezera iTunes" batani garu mmwamba zenera pamene inu yagunda "Add". Kenako, iTunes app adzakhala basi kuthamanga, kusonyeza onse a anawonjezera BBC wailesi owona pamaso panu.
Tsopano, inu ingathandize nazo kudzera iTunes kapena kupitiriza kulunzanitsa iwo anu zotere ngati iPod ndi iPhone.
Nkhani
Mankhwala a mafunso? Wolankhula wathu Support Team >>


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Chigawo lakonzedwa kuti ntchito buku, osati muwerenge ngati mafotokozedwe.
Mafunso okhudza causality kafukufuku chikhalidwe ndi ovuta ndi zosamvetsetseka. Pakuti njira maziko kwa causality zochokera chintchito causal, onani Pearl (2009) , ndi njira maziko zochokera zakambidwa osiyanasiyana, onani Imbens and Rubin (2015) (ndi zakumapeto luso mu chaputala ichi). Yerekezerani pakati pa njira ziwiri izi, onani Morgan and Winship (2014) . Pakuti njira ofunda kuti liwulo ndi confounder, onani VanderWeele and Shpitser (2013) .
Mu mutu, ine analenga tinangoti mzere kuwala pakati pa luso lathu kuti anene causal pazimene experimental ndipo sanali kuyesera. Kunena zoona, ine ndikuganiza kuti kusiyana ndi blurrier. Mwachitsanzo, aliyense amavomereza kuti kusuta kumayambitsa khansa ngakhale ife sanachite osapanganika ankalamulira kuyesera kuti amakakamiza anthu fodya. Pakuti chabwino mankhwala Buku kutalika kupanga ziwerengero causal pazimene sanali experimental kuona Rosenbaum (2002) , Rosenbaum (2009) , Shadish, Cook, and Campbell (2001) , ndipo Dunning (2012) .
Chaputala 1 ndi 2 of Freedman, Pisani, and Purves (2007) kupereka mawu omveka bwino mu kusiyana zatsopano, zinthu zatsopano, ndi osapanganika zatsopano.
Manzi (2012) imapereka chidwi ndi munthu angathe kuwaŵerenga oyamba mu underpinnings ndi akatswiri zowerengera wa osapanganika zatsopano. Komanso chidwi zochitika zenizeni dziko la mphamvu ya kuyesera malonda.
Casella (2008) , Box, Hunter, and Hunter (2005) , Athey and Imbens (2016b) kupereka oyamba bwino zinthu zowerengera ya kapangidwe experimental ndi kusanthula. Komanso pali mankhwala abwino kwambiri a ntchito zatsopano m'minda zosiyanasiyana: zachuma (Bardsley et al. 2009) , Sociology (Willer and Walker 2007; Jackson and Cox 2013) , kuwerenga maganizo (Aronson et al. 1989) , Sayansi ndale (Morton and Williams 2010) , ndi ndondomeko chikhalidwe (Glennerster and Takavarasha 2013) .
Kufunika kwa ophunzira asilikali (mwachitsanzo, zosankhidwazi) ndi zambiri pansi-akukonda kafukufuku experimental. Komabe, ngati zotsatira za mankhwala ndi sakanikira mu anthu, ndiye zosankhidwazi ndi yovuta. Longford (1999) an'kanena izi momveka pamene imalimbikitsa kuti ofufuza kuganiza zatsopano monga kafukufuku anthu ndi zosankhidwazi kochitika mwachisawawa.
The dichotomy kuti ine anapereka pakati pa labu ndi munda zatsopano ndi pang'ono m'Chingelezi chosavuta. Ndipotu, akatswiri ena akhala akuganizira typologies zambiri, anthu imeneyo nadzawasankhula zosiyanasiyana zatsopano munda (Harrison and List 2004; Charness, Gneezy, and Kuhn 2013) . Komanso pali zina ziwiri zatsopano anachita asayansi zosangalatsa zomwe sizikugwirizana bwino mu labu ndi munda dichotomy. Zatsopano kafukufuku ndi zatsopano chikhalidwe Survey zatsopano ndi zatsopano pogwiritsa ntchito zomangamanga za kafukufuku amene analipo ndiponso yerekezerani mayankho kwa Mabaibulo njira ya mafunso (ena zatsopano kafukufuku pokambirana Chapter 3); zambiri pa zatsopano kafukufuku kuona Mutz (2011) . zatsopano Social ndi zatsopano kumene mankhwala ena mfundo zosangalatsa zomwe zitha zagwiridwa ndi boma. Zimene Social zikugwirizana kwambiri ndi pulogalamu kuwunika. Zambiri pa zatsopano policy, onani Orr (1998) , Glennerster and Takavarasha (2013) , ndipo Heckman and Smith (1995) .
Angapo mapepala kuti poyerekeza labu ndi munda zatsopano chabe (Falk and Heckman 2009; Cialdini 2009) ndi mawu a zakambidwa pa zatsopano apadera sayansi ndale (Coppock and Green 2015) , zachuma (Levitt and List 2007a; Levitt and List 2007b; Camerer 2011; Al-Ubaydli and List 2013) komanso sayansi (Mitchell 2012) . Jerit, Barabas, and Clifford (2013) amapereka zabwino kafukufuku pulani kuyerekeza zotsatira labu ndi munda zatsopano.
Nkhawa ophunzira kusintha makhalidwe awo chifukwa amadziwa iwo akumva kwambiri anati amatchedwa kufunika zotsatira, ndipo iwo anaphunzira kuwerenga maganizo (Orne 1962) ndi zachuma (Zizzo 2009) . Ngakhale makamaka kugwirizana ndi zatsopano labu, nkhani zimenezi zingachititse mavuto zatsopano kumunda ndiponso. Ndipotu ankafuna zotsatira Komanso limatchedwa zotsatira Hawthorne, mawu amene zichokela ku kuyesera m'munda, makamaka wotchuka zatsopano chiwalitsiro zimene zinayamba mu 1924 pa Hawthorne Works a Western Zamagetsi Company (Adair 1984; Levitt and List 2011) . Onse obwera kufunika ndi zotsatira Hawthorn ndi zogwirizana ndi maganizo a muyeso zotakasika m'Mutu 2 (onaninso Webb et al. (1966) ).
Mbiri ya zatsopano munda wakhala anafotokoza mu zachuma (Levitt and List 2009) , sayansi ndale (Green and Gerber 2003; Druckman et al. 2006; Druckman and Lupia 2012) , kuwerenga maganizo (Shadish 2002) , ndi ndondomeko poyera (Shadish and Cook 2009) . M'dera lina la sayansi chikhalidwe kumene zatsopano munda mwamsanga anatchuka ndi chitukuko mayiko. Kwa review zabwino kuti ntchito mwa zachuma kuona Banerjee and Duflo (2009) , ndi kwa ziyenera ovuta kuona Deaton (2010) . Kwa review ntchito mu sayansi ndale kuona Humphreys and Weinstein (2009) . Pomaliza, mavuto zikuyenela nawo ndi zatsopano munda akhala kufukulidwa sayansi ndale (Humphreys 2015; Desposato 2016b) ndi zachuma chitukuko (Baele 2013) .
Mu mutu, ine anandiuza kuti chisanadze mankhwala mudziwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito pokonzanso mwandondomeko wa zotsatira Akuti mankhwala, koma pali ena kutsutsana za njira imeneyi: Freedman (2008) , Lin (2013) , ndipo Berk et al. (2013) ; onani Bloniarz et al. (2016) kuti mumve zambiri.
Ine ndinakusankhani kuganizira mfundo zitatu: n'loonadi, heterogeneity za kuipa mankhwala, ndi njira. mfundo zimenezi ndi mayina osiyanasiyana m'minda yosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, akatswiri amakonda kusuntha yoposa zatsopano yosavuta ndi moganizira owayimira ndi oyang'anira (Baron and Kenny 1986) . Lingaliro la nkhoswe akagwidwa zimene Ine kuitana njira, ndi lingaliro la oyang'anira akagwidwa zimene Ine kuitana kunja n'loonadi (mwachitsanzo, kodi zotsatira za kafukufuku ndi kukhala osiyana ngati anali kuthamanga pa nkhani zosiyanasiyana) ndi heterogeneity za kuipa mankhwala ( mwachitsanzo, ndi zotsatira zazikulu kwa anthu ena kuposa anthu ena).
Kuyesa kwa Schultz et al. (2007) chimasonyeza bwanji mfundo chikhalidwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga njira zothandiza. Kwa mfundo zambiri ambiri za ntchito ya chiphunzitso sanakonze njira zothandiza, onani Walton (2014) .
Malingaliro a n'loonadi mkati ndi kunja anali koyamba mu Campbell (1957) . Onani Shadish, Cook, and Campbell (2001) kwa mbiri zambiri ndi elaboration mosamala zowerengera mapeto n'loonadi, n'loonadi mkati, kumanga unali woyenerera, ndipo unali woyenerera kunja.
Kuti mwachidule zokhudza zowerengera mapeto n'loonadi mu zatsopano kuona Gerber and Green (2012) (kwa maganizo sayansi chikhalidwe) ndi Imbens and Rubin (2015) (kwa maganizo zowerengera). Ena nkhani ya zowerengera mapeto unali woyenerera kuti uka makamaka pa Intaneti zatsopano m'munda monga nkhani monga njira computationally imayenera polenga intervals chidaliro deta yozungulira (Bakshy and Eckles 2013) .
Internal n'loonadi kungakhale kovuta kuonetsetsa mu zatsopano zovuta kumunda. Mwachitsanzo, Gerber and Green (2000) , Imai (2005) , ndipo Gerber and Green (2005) kutsutsana za kukhazikitsa zovuta munda kuyesera za kukavota. Kohavi et al. (2012) ndi Kohavi et al. (2013) kupereka oyamba mu mavuto a imeneyi n'loonadi mu Intaneti zatsopano kumunda.
nkhawa yaikulu ndi n'loonadi mkati ndi mavuto ndi randomization. Njira imodzi zingakhale kudziwa mavuto ndi randomization ndi kuyerekeza magulu mankhwala ndi ulamuliro pa makhalidwe kuziona. Mtundu uwu chitsanzo amatchedwa bwino cheke. Onani Hansen and Bowers (2008) kuti njira zowerengera moyenera macheke, ndi kuwona Mutz and Pemantle (2015) kwa nkhawa macheke bwino. Mwachitsanzo, ntchito bwino cheke Allcott (2011) anapeza kuti pali umboni wosonyeza kuti randomization sanali akuyendera molondola zitatu za zatsopano ena a zatsopano OPower (onani Table 2; malo 2, 6, ndi 8). Pakuti njira zina, kuona Imbens and Rubin (2015) , Chapter 21.
za zinthu zina zazikulu zokhudza n'loonadi mkati ndi: 1) mmodzi kumbali sanali kugwilizana, kunalibe aliyense mu gulu mankhwala makamaka analandira chithandizo, 2) ziwiri kumbali sanali kugwilizana, kunalibe aliyense mu gulu chithandizo akulandira mankhwala ndi zina anthu mu gulu ulamuliro kulandira mankhwala, 3) attrition, kumene zakambidwa si anayeza ena ophunzira, ndi 4) kulowelera, kumene mankhwala amatayika pa anthu mu chikhalidwe chithandizo kwa anthu mu chikhalidwe kulamulira. Onani Gerber and Green (2012) Chaputala 5, 6, 7, ndi 8 zambiri pa aliyense za izi.
Zambiri pa kumanga n'loonadi, onani Westen and Rosenthal (2003) , ndi zambiri pa kumanga n'loonadi magwero aakulu deta, Lazer (2015) ndi Chapter 2 m'buku ili.
Mbali ina unali woyenerera kunja ndi pamalo phukusi ndi mayesero. Allcott (2015) imapereka kusamala ongolankhula ndi wazotsatira mankhwala malo kusankha kukondera. M'magazini ino ikufotokozedwanso mu Deaton (2010) . Kuwonjezera chitidwe mu malo ambiri, phukusi Home Energy Report wakhalanso paokha kuphunzira ndi magulu angapo kafukufuku (mwachitsanzo, Ayres, Raseman, and Shih (2013) ).
Pakuti mwachidule kwambiri a heterogeneity za kuipa mankhwala zatsopano kumunda, onani Chapter 12 Gerber and Green (2012) . Pakuti oyamba kuti heterogeneity za kuipa mankhwala m'mayesero mankhwala, onani Kent and Hayward (2007) , Longford (1999) , ndipo Kravitz, Duan, and Braslow (2004) . Heterogeneity za kuipa mankhwala ambiri kuganizira zosiyana zochokera makhalidwe chisanadze mankhwala. Ngati mukufuna heterogeneity zochokera zakambidwa pambuyo mankhwala, ndiye approachs zovuta zambiri zofunika monga yaikulu stratification (Frangakis and Rubin 2002) ; onani Page et al. (2015) kuti ndemanga.
Akatswiri ambiri amati ndi heterogeneity za kuipa mankhwala ntchito liniya mgwirizano, koma njira atsopano kudalira kuphunzira makina Mwachitsanzo Green and Kern (2012) , Imai and Ratkovic (2013) , Taddy et al. (2016) , ndipo Athey and Imbens (2016a) .
Pali ena sankakhulupirira za anapeza heterogeneity za kuipa chifukwa cha mavuto angapo poyerekezera ndi "nsomba." Pali zosiyanasiyana njira zowerengera zimene zingathandize adiresi nkhawa poyerekeza angapo (Fink, McConnell, and Vollmer 2014; List, Shaikh, and Xu 2016) . Njira imodzi nkhawa "usodzi" ndi chisanadze kalembera, amene ayamba wamba mu kuwerenga maganizo (Nosek and Lakens 2014) , sayansi ndale (Humphreys, Sierra, and Windt 2013; Monogan 2013; Anderson 2013; Gelman 2013; Laitin 2013) ndipo zachuma (Olken 2015) .
Mu kuphunzira Costa and Kahn (2013) pafupifupi theka lokha la mabanja a mu kuyesera zamanga zogwirizana ndi mfundo zaziwerengero. Owerenga chidwi tsatanetsatane ndi mavuto ndi kusanthula ayenera amanena za pepala original.
Njira ndi amazipanga zofunika, koma zinapezeka kuti zovuta kuphunzira. Research za njira yogwirizana kwambiri kuphunzira owayimira mu kuwerenga maganizo (koma wonaninso VanderWeele (2009) kwa fanizo yeniyeni pakati pa malingaliro awiri). Likuyandikira Statistical zifukwa kupeza, monga njira yapangidwa Baron and Kenny (1986) , ndi zachilendo. Mwatsoka, likukhalira kuti ndondomeko amene amadalira ena mfundo wamphamvu (Bullock, Green, and Ha 2010) ndi kuvutika ngati pali njira zambiri, monga mmodzi angayembekezere zinthu zambiri (Imai and Yamamoto 2013; VanderWeele and Vansteelandt 2014) . Imai et al. (2011) ndi Imai and Yamamoto (2013) kupereka bwino njira zowerengera. Komanso, VanderWeele (2015) amapereka buku kutalika mankhwala ndi zotsatira zake zofunika, kuphatikizapo njira bwino kugawa tilinazo.
A njira zosiyana tikunena nkhaniyi amafuna kupezerera limagwirira mwachindunji (mwachitsanzo, popereka oyendetsa vitamini C). Mwatsoka, pamalo osiyanasiyana sayansi chikhalidwe pali zambiri njira angapo ndipo n'kovuta kupanga mankhwala kuti kusintha wina popanda kusintha ena. Ena njira kuti experimentally njira bongo amafotokozedwa Imai, Tingley, and Yamamoto (2013) , Ludwig, Kling, and Mullainathan (2011) , ndipo Pirlott and MacKinnon (2016) .
Pomaliza, njira Komanso kale mu nzeru za sayansi anafotokozedwa ndi Hedström and Ylikoski (2010) .
Kwambiri pa ntchito ya maphunziro makalata ndi maphunziro kafukufuku kuyeza tsankho kuona Pager (2007) .
Ambiri njira yosankha ophunzira kuti nkhaniyi mumanga ndi Amazon Mawotchi Turk (MTurk). Chifukwa MTurk otsanzira mbali ya zatsopano za malipiro chikhalidwe labu anthu kumaliza ntchito kuti iwo sakanati achite kwa akatswiri mfulu zambiri kale ntchito Turkers (antchito pa MTurk) pamene ophunzira mu nkhani anthu zatsopano chifukwa mu mofulumira ndi kusonkhanitsa mtengo deta kuposa miyambo pa sukulu zatsopano zasayansi (Paolacci, Chandler, and Ipeirotis 2010; Horton, Rand, and Zeckhauser 2011; Mason and Suri 2012; Rand 2012; Berinsky, Huber, and Lenz 2012) .
Mphamvu lalikulu la choti ophunzira alemba ntchito ku MTurk ndi panali: amalola ofufuza yosankha ophunzira mwamsanga ndipo akamavutika. Pamene zatsopano labu akhoza kutenga masabata kuthamanga ndi zatsopano munda angathe kutenga miyezi kukhazikitsa mmwamba, zatsopano ndi ophunzira alemba ntchito ku MTurk akhoza kuthamanga mu masiku. Mwachitsanzo, Berinsky, Huber, and Lenz (2012) anatha kum'tenga nkhani 400 tsiku limodzi nawo ndi kuyesera 8 yokha. Komanso, ophunzira amenewa alemba ntchito kwa cholinga chilichonse (kuphatikizapo Kafukufuku ndi mgwirizano misa, monga tinafotokozera m'Mutu 3 ndi 5). omasuka lino la asilikali zikutanthauza kuti akatswiri mukhoza kuthamanga mbali ya zatsopano athu mothamanga.
Pamaso kupeza ophunzira kuchokera MTurk kwa zatsopano anu, pali zinthu zinayi zofunika kudziwa. Choyamba, akatswiri ambiri sankakhulupirira si yeniyeni zatsopano zokhudza Turkers. Chifukwa kukayikira zimenezi si yeniyeni, n'zovuta kutsutsa umboni. Koma patatha zaka zingapo maphunziro ntchito Turkers, tikhoza tsopano kunena kuti sankakhulupirira zimenezi si zofunika kwambiri. Pakhala maphunziro ambiri kuyerekeza ndi chiwerengero cha Turkers kuti anthu ena ndi maphunziro ambiri kuyerekeza zotsatira za kafukufuku wawo ndi Turkers zotsatira kuchokera anthu ena. Popeza ntchito zonsezi, ine ndikuganiza kuti njira yabwino muganize kuti Turkers ndi wololera mayiko chitsanzo, mofanana ophunzira koma pang'ono more osiyanasiyana (Berinsky, Huber, and Lenz 2012) . Choncho, monga momwe ophunzira ndi anthu zomveka kuti ena koma zonse kafukufuku experimental, Turkers ndi anthu zomveka kuti ena koma zonse kafukufuku. Ngati inu muti ntchito ndi Turkers, ndiye ndi bwino kuwerenga zambiri za maphunziro amenewa poyerekeza ndi kumvetsa mfundo zina zabwino zawo.
Chachiwiri, akatswiri apanga kwambiri makhalidwe awonjezere n'loonadi mkati mwa Turk zatsopano, ndipo inu kuphunzira Baibulo ndiponso kutsatira izi bwino makhalidwe (Horton, Rand, and Zeckhauser 2011; Mason and Suri 2012) . Mwachitsanzo, ofufuza ntchito Turkers akulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito screeners kuchotsa ophunzira sasamala (Berinsky, Margolis, and Sances 2014; Berinsky, Margolis, and Sances 2016) (koma wonaninso DJ Hauser and Schwarz (2015b) ndi DJ Hauser and Schwarz (2015a) ). Ngati mulibe kuchotsa ophunzira sasamala, ndiye mphamvu iliyonse ya mankhwala akhoza kutsukidwa ndi phokoso anayambitsa kuchokera kwa ophunzira sasamala, ndi kuchita chiwerengero cha ophunzira sasamala angakhale wodalirika. Mu kuyesa kwa Huber ndi anzake (2012) 30% ya ophunzira analephera chidwi screeners zofunika. Vuto lina wamba ndi Turkers ndi sanali wosachangamuka ophunzira (Chandler et al. 2015) .
Chachitatu, wachibale kwa mitundu ina ya zatsopano digito, MTurk zatsopano sangathe onga; Stewart et al. (2015) pafupifupi nthawi iliyonse pali pafupifupi 7,000 anthu MTurk.
Pomaliza, muyenera kudziwa kuti MTurk ndi dera ndi malamulo ake ndi malamulo (Mason and Suri 2012) . Mu njira yomweyo imene mukufuna kuyesa kupeza zokhudza chikhalidwe cha dziko limene inu mumapita kuthamanga zatsopano anu, inu ayesetse kupeza zambiri zokhudza chikhalidwe ndi malamulo a Turkers (Salehi et al. 2015) . Ndipo, inu mukudziwa kuti Turkers adzakhala akulankhula za kafukufuku anu ngati inu kuchita chinachake zosayenera kapena kuba (Gray et al. 2016) .
MTurk ndi njira amazipanga yabwino yosankha ophunzira zatsopano anu, kaya labu ngati, monga Huber, Hill, and Lenz (2012) , kapena zambiri kumunda ngati, monga Mason and Watts (2009) , Goldstein, McAfee, and Suri (2013) , Goldstein et al. (2014) , Horton and Zeckhauser (2016) , ndipo Mao et al. (2016) .
Ngati mukuganiza kuyesera kulenga mankhwala anu, ine amalangiza kuti mukuwerenga malangizo anapereka ndi MovieLens gulu Harper and Konstan (2015) . A kumvetsa chinsinsi chitsanzo chawo ndicho ntchito iliyonse bwino alipo ambiri, zolephera zambiri. Mwachitsanzo, MovieLens gulu anapezerapo mankhwala ena monga GopherAnswers kuti anali wangwiro zolephera (Harper and Konstan 2015) . Chitsanzo china katswiriyu kulephera akuyesa kumanga mankhwala ndi kuyesa Edward Castronova ndi kumanga masewera Intaneti wotchedwa Arden. Ngakhale $ 250,000 mu ndalama ntchitoyi anali kulephera (Baker 2008) . Ntchito ngati GopherAnswers ndi Arden, mwatsoka kwambiri yodziwika kwambiri kuposa ntchito ngati MovieLens. Potsiriza, pamene ine ndinanena izo sindinadziwe ofufuza ina iliyonse imene kupambana anamanga mankhwala kuyesera mobwerezabwereza apa ndi muyezo wanga: 1) ophunzira ntchito mankhwala chifukwa cha zimene limatipatsa iwo (mwachitsanzo, iwo salipidwa ndipo sachita ongodzipereka kuthandiza sayansi) ndipo 2) mankhwala akugwiritsa ntchito kuyesera oposa osiyana (mwachitsanzo, osati kuyesa chomwecho maulendo angapo ndi maiwe osiyana ophunzira). Ngati inu mukudziwa zitsanzo zina, chonde ndidziwitseni.
Ndamva maganizo nusu Pasteur ndi kukambirana pafupipafupi ku makampani zina zamakono, ndipo kumathandiza bungwe khama kafukufuku pa Google (Spector, Norvig, and Petrov 2012) .
Mgwirizano ndi phunziro anzake ' (2012) komanso akufuna kudziwa zotsatira za mankhwala awa pa mabwenzi a anthu amene anawalandira. Chifukwa cha kamangidwe ka kuyesera kuti, spillovers izi zili zovuta kudziwa mopanda; owerenga chidwi ayenera kuona Bond et al. (2012) kuti mumve tsatanetsatane. Kuyesera ndi mbali ya mwambo yaitali zatsopano sayansi ndale khama kulimbikitsa Kuvota (Green and Gerber 2015) . Izi zatsopano kumva kuchokera-ndi-voti ndi anthu am'dera chifukwa iwo ali Pasteur ndi nusu. Kuti, pali anthu ambiri amene olimbikitsa kuonjezera kukavota ndi kuponya mavoti kungakhale khalidwe chidwi choyesa mfundo zambiri ambiri kusintha khalidwe ndi mphamvu ya maubwenzi.
Akatswiri ena malangizo za kuthamanga zatsopano kumunda ndi mabungwe mnzake monga ndale, NGOs, ndi mabizinesi (Loewen, Rubenson, and Wantchekon 2010; List 2011; Gueron 2002) . Ena anapereka malangizo okhudza mmene mabungwe ndi magulu akhoza zimakhudzira mapangidwe kafukufuku (Green, Calfano, and Aronow 2014; King et al. 2007) . Partnership amathanso kukhala mafunso zikuyenela (Humphreys 2015; Nickerson and Hyde 2016) .
Ngati mukupita kulenga kukonzekeratu kusanthulidwe pamaso kuthamanga kuyesera wanu, ndiganiza kuti kuyamba kuwerenga malangizo malipoti. The kugwirizana (Consolidated Standard Kusimba za Mayesero) malangizo amenewa anayamba mankhwala (Schulz et al. 2010) ndi kusinthidwa kufufuza chikhalidwe (Mayo-Wilson et al. 2013) . Zogwiritsira zokhudza malangizo wakhala akupangidwa ndi akonzi a Journal of Experimental Science Political (Gerber et al. 2014) (onaninso Mutz and Pemantle (2015) ndi Gerber et al. (2015) ). Pomaliza, malipoti malangizo yapangidwa mu kuwerenga maganizo (Group 2008) , ndipo onaninso Simmons, Nelson, and Simonsohn (2011) .
Ngati inu kulenga kukonzekeratu kusanthulidwe muyenera kuganizira chisanadze kukalembetsa m'kaundula chifukwa chisanadze kalembera kwambiri ndi chidaliro kuti ena mwa zotsatira. Komanso, ngati mukuchita kumupatsa izo kuchepetsa mphamvu okondedwa wanu kusintha kuwunika ataona zotsatira. Pre-kulembetsa ndi ayamba wamba mu kuwerenga maganizo (Nosek and Lakens 2014) , sayansi ndale (Humphreys, Sierra, and Windt 2013; Monogan 2013; Anderson 2013; Gelman 2013; Laitin 2013) , ndi zachuma (Olken 2015) .
Pamene kulenga chisanafike kusanthula dongosolo wanu ayenera kudziwa kuti ena ofufuza ntchito mgwirizano ndi njira okhudzana kusintha mwandondomeko zokwana pafupifupi zotsatira mankhwala, ndipo pali mtsutso za njira imeneyi: Freedman (2008) , Lin (2013) , ndi Berk et al. (2013) ; onani Bloniarz et al. (2016) kuti mumve zambiri.
Design malangizo mwachindunji Intaneti zatsopano wakumunda anaperekanso mu Konstan and Chen (2007) ndi Chen and Konstan (2015) .
Zambiri pa zatsopano MusicLab, onani Salganik, Dodds, and Watts (2006) , Salganik and Watts (2008) , Salganik and Watts (2009b) , Salganik and Watts (2009a) , ndipo Salganik (2007) . Zambiri pa wopambana-kutenga onse misika, onani Frank and Cook (1996) . Zambiri mwayi untangling ndi luso zambiri zambiri, werengani Mauboussin (2012) , Watts (2012) , ndipo Frank (2016) .
Pali njira ina kuchotsa ndalama ophunzira kuti akatswiri tiyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mosamala: usilikali. Ambiri Intaneti zatsopano munda ophunzira kwenikweni usilikali mu kafukufuku komanso konse kulipidwa. Zitsanzo za njira imeneyi monga Restivo ndi van de Rijt a (2012) kuyesera pa phindu mu Wikipedia ndi Mgwirizano ndi mnzake ndi (2012) kuyesera pa kulimbikitsa anthu kuvota. zatsopano izi kwenikweni ndi zero mtengo variable, ali zero variable mtengo ofufuza. Ngakhale ndalama zambiri zatsopano izi ndi yaing'ono kwambiri kwa ophunzira aliyense, ndalama yaing'ono woyikidwa ndi nambala yaikulu kwambiri ophunzira kuwonjezera mwamsanga. Akatswiri kuthamanga chachikulu Intaneti zatsopano zambiri kulungamitsa kufunika yaing'ono zotsatira pafupifupi mankhwala ponena kuti izi zotsatira ang'onoang'ono angathe kukhala zofunika pamene ntchito kwa anthu ambiri. Enieni maganizo N'chimodzimodzinso ndi ndalama zimene ofufuza kukakamiza ophunzira. Ngati zatsopano wanu amachititsa anthu miliyoni kuwononga miniti imodzi, kuyesera si zoipa kwa munthu aliyense makamaka, koma akaphatikiza izo wakhala adadzonga pafupifupi zaka za nthawi.
Njira ina kulenga zero variable mtengo malipiro kwa ophunzira ndi ntchito mpikisano, ndi njira iyenso ntchito kafukufuku kafukufuku (Halpern et al. 2011) . Pomaliza, zambiri za angagwiritse yosangalatsa wosuta-zokumana kuona Toomim et al. (2011) .
Apa ndi matanthauzo oyamba atatu R, kuchokera Russell and Burch (1959) :
"M'malo zikutanthauza M'MALO amazindikira wamoyo nyama apamwamba a chuma insentient. Kuchepetsa amatanthauza kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha nyama ntchito kuti mudziwe za kuchuluka anapatsidwa ndi cholondola. Kuyengedwa zikutanthauza kuchepa mu zochitika kapena zovuta njira wodyerana ntchito nyama zimene adakali ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito. "
The kuti Ine akamufunsirire musati kunyalanyaza mfundo zikuyenela anafotokoza mu Chapter 6. R atatu M'malo mwake, iwo ndi more analongosola Baibulo mmodzi wa anthu mfundo beneficence-mwachindunji kulowa zatsopano anthu.
Mukamakambirana Maganizo kufalikira, pali atatu nkhani si koyenela kukumbukira pamene kutanthauzira kuyesera. Choyamba, si bwino mmene mfundo zenizeni za kafukufuku ndi kugwirizana kuti zonena za ongolankhula; mwa kulankhula kwina, pali mafunso okhudza kumanga unali woyenerera. Si bwino kuti zabwino ndi zoipa mawu udindo kwenikweni chizindikiro wabwino wa boma maganizo a ophunzira chifukwa 1) si bwino kuti mawu amene anthu aika amene amasonyeza bwino maganizo awo komanso 2) si bwino kuti makamaka mawu kusanthula njira zimene ofufuza za ntchito amatha molondola amachitsimikizira mtima (Beasley and Mason 2015; Panger 2016) . M'mawu ena, pakhoza kukhala zoipa muyeso wa mbendera okondera. Chachiwiri, kapangidwe ndi kusanthula kuyesera watiuza kanthu za amene mwapeza kwambiri (ie, palibe kusanthula heterogeneity wa zotsatira chithandizo) ndi njira akhoza kukhala. Pankhaniyi ofufuza anali zambiri zokhudza ophunzira, koma iwo anali kwenikweni ankachita monga zida pomalizira. Chachitatu, mmene kukula mu kuyesera anali ochepa; kusiyana pakati mankhwala ndi kulamulira zinthu ndi 1 mawu 1,000. Mu pepala awo, Kramer ndi anzake apange choncho ndi zotsatira za kukula zimenezi n'kofunika kwambiri chifukwa mamiliyoni mazanamazana anthu kulumikiza News awo Dyetsa tsiku lililonse. M'mawu ena, iwo amati ngakhale mavuto amene ang'ono munthu aliyense ali wamkulu mu akaphatikiza. Ngakhale kuvomereza mfundo imeneyi, komabe si bwino ngati zotsatira za kukula zimenezi n'kofunika pankhani funso more ambiri sayansi za kufalikira maganizo. Zambiri zochitika kumene zotsatira yaing'ono ndi zofunika kuona Prentice and Miller (1992) .
Kumbali ya R choyamba (M'malo), kuyerekezera Maganizo kufalikira kuyesera (Kramer, Guillory, and Hancock 2014) ndi maganizo kufalikira zachilengedwe kuyesera (Coviello et al. 2014) amapereka maphunziro ena onse za malonda-offs nawo ndi amayenda zimene ku mayesero achilengedwe (ndi njira zina monga zofanana chiwembucho kuyandikira zatsopano mu deta si experimental, onani Chapter 2). Kuwonjezera ubwino zachinyengo, kusintha experimental maphunziro sanali experimental imathandizanso ofufuza kuphunzira mankhwala kuti ndi logistically sangathe atumiza. Izi phindu zabwino ndiponso panali wolira ndalama, Komabe. Ndi zatsopano zachilengedwe ofufuza zochepa kulamulira zinthu ngati asilikali a ophunzira, randomization, ndi chikhalidwe cha mankhwala. Mwachitsanzo, malire mmodzi wa mvula monga mankhwala ndi kuti onse kumawonjezera positivity ndi amachepetsa negativity. Mowerengera experimental Koma Kramer ndi anzake anatha kusintha positivity ndi negativity paokha.
Njira makamaka ntchito Coviello et al. (2014) Enanso analongosola mu Coviello, Fowler, and Franceschetti (2014) . Pakuti chiyambi zosintha zoimbidwa kuona Angrist and Pischke (2009) (zochepa ofunda) kapena Angrist, Imbens, and Rubin (1996) (more ofunda). Kwa maganizo kukayikira zosintha zoimbidwa kuona Deaton (2010) , ndi chiyambi zosintha zoimbidwa ndi zida ofooka (mvula ndi chida ofooka), onani Murray (2006) .
More zambiri, mawu zabwino zatsopano zachilengedwe ndi Dunning (2012) , ndipo Rosenbaum (2002) , Rosenbaum (2009) , ndipo Shadish, Cook, and Campbell (2001) amapereka malingaliro wabwino kuyerekeza zotsatira causal popanda zatsopano.
Kumbali ya R wachiwiri (KUYERETSEDWA), pali sayansi ndi panali malonda-offs tikaonetsetsa kusintha kamangidwe ka kufalikira mumtima kutsekereza posts kuti kunachititsa posts. Mwachitsanzo, mwina sizingakhale kuti kukhazikitsa luso la News Amadyetsa amapanga ndi zayamba zosavuta kuchita kafukufuku ndi kutsekereza posts osati kuyesera ndi kunachititsa posts (onani kuti kuyesera ndi kutsekereza posts akhoza akuyendera ngati wosanjikiza pa pamwamba pa dongosolo News Amadyetsa popanda kufunika limasinthira a dongosolo lenileni). Mwasayansi Komabe, chiphunzitso kulankhula kuyesera sanali bwino amati kapangidwe mmodzi pamwamba pa wina.
Mwatsoka, ine sindiri kudziwa kafukufuku wodalirika isanafike za nyota wachibale kutchinga ndi kunachititsa zili mu News Amadyetsa. Komanso, sindinaonepo kufufuza zambiri za akuyenga mankhwala kuti wochepa zoipa; chapadera ndi Jones and Feamster (2015) , amene amaona nkhani ya muyeso wa Internet kufufuza (a mutu ine kukambirana mu Chapter 6 Mogwirizana ndi phunziro Encore (Burnett and Feamster 2015; Narayanan and Zevenbergen 2015) ).
Kumbali ya R wachitatu (Kuchepetsa), mawu abwino kugawa zopangira mphamvu ndi Cohen (1988) . covariates Pre-mankhwala akhoza m'gulu siteji kapangidwe ndi gawo kusanthula kuyesa; Chapter 4 Gerber and Green (2012) imapereka oyamba bwino njira onse, ndi Casella (2008) amapereka zambiri mozama mankhwala. Njira kuti ntchito mfundo chisanadze mankhwala randomization ndi ambiri wotchedwa mwina oletsedwa machenjerero experimental kapena stratified machenjerero experimental (terminology si ntchito zonse kudutsa m'madera); njira zimenezi kwambiri zokhudzana ndi njira stratified zosankhidwazi m'Mutu 3. Onani Higgins, Sävje, and Sekhon (2016) kwambiri pa ntchito machenjerero awa zatsopano chachikulu. Covariates Pre-mankhwala akhoza kukhala mbali ya gawo kusanthula. McKenzie (2012) ikufotokoza njira kusiyana mu kusiyana kwa kusanthula zatsopano munda mwatsatanetsatane. Onani Carneiro, Lee, and Wilhelm (2016) kwambiri pa malonda-offs pakati mosiyana kuonjezera mogometsa mu akuti zotsatira mankhwala. Potsiriza, pamene kusankha kuyesa monga covariates chisanadze mankhwala pa siteji kamangidwe kapena kusanthula (kapena onse), pali zinthu zingapo zoti tikambirane. Pa pamene ofufuza kusonyeza kuti iwo sali "usodzi" (Humphreys, Sierra, and Windt 2013) , ntchito chisanadze mankhwala covariates mu gawo kapangidwe zingakhale zothandiza (Higgins, Sävje, and Sekhon 2016) . Mu zochitika ophunzira kufika sequentially, makamaka pa Intaneti zatsopano kumunda, pogwiritsa ntchito mfundo chisanadze mankhwala mu gawo kapangidwe kungakhale kovuta logistically, onani Mwachitsanzo Xie and Aurisset (2016) .
M'pofunikanso kuwonjezera pang'ono yodziŵiratu zinthu pasadakhale za chifukwa kusiyana-mu-zosiyana kwambiri kwambiri kuposa kusiyana mu njira. Intaneti zakambidwa ambiri kwambiri kusiyana (onani mwachitsanzo, Lewis and Rao (2015) ndi Lamb et al. (2015) ) ndipo kokhazikika pa nthawi. Pankhaniyi, kusintha mphambu adzakhala zayamba ang'onoang'ono masiyanidwe, kuwonjezera mphamvu ya mayeso zowerengera. Chifukwa chimodzi akufika si ntchito kawirikawiri kuti isanafike zaka digito sizinali zachilendo ndi zakambidwa chisanadze mankhwala. A njira yowona kuganizila ndi kulingalira kuyesera kuyeza ngati zolimbitsa thupi enieni amawondetsa. Ngati mukuchita kusiyana mu njira yofikira, kafukufuku wako adzakhala ndi masiyanidwe chochokera masiyanidwe mu miyeso mu anthu. Ngati mukuchita kusiyana-mu-kusiyana njira Komabe, mwachibadwa zikuchitika akusinthasintha zolemera kuchotsedwa ndi inu mosavuta kudziwa kusiyana chifukwa cha mankhwala.
Njira imodzi yofunika kwambiri kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha ophunzira mu kafukufuku wako ndi kuchititsa kusanthula mphamvu Kramer ndi anzake akanachita zochokera zazikulu mmene anati kwa kuyesera zachilengedwe Coviello et al. (2014) kapena kale kafukufuku sanali experimental ndi Kramer (2012) (Ndipotu zimenezi ndi ntchito kumapeto kwa chaputala ichi). Taonani kuti ntchito imeneyi ya kusanthula mphamvu pang'ono wosiyana kuposa mmene. Mu m'badwo analogi, akatswiri ambiri anachita kusanthula mphamvu kuonetsetsa kuti kuphunzira sanali chochepa (ie, pansi pa mphamvu zoyendera). Panopa, akatswiri ayenera kuchita kusanthula mphamvu kuonetsetsa kuti kuphunzira ndi aakulu kwambiri (ie, pa mphamvu zoyendera).
Potsiriza, ndinali kuwonjezera wachinayi R: Repurpose. Kuti, ngati akatswiri amapezeka deta kwambiri experimental muyezo kuthetsa kafukufuku funso original, iwo ayenera repurpose deta kufunsa mafunso latsopano. Tiyerekeze kuti Kramer ndi anzake anagwiritsa ntchito kusiyana-mu-kusiyana estimator ndipo anapezeka ndi deta kuposa anafunika kuthana awo funso kafukufuku. M'malo kugwiritsa ntchito deta mokwanira, iwo akanakhoza anaphunzira kukula mmene monga ntchito Pre-mankhwala akuti maganizo. Monga Schultz et al. (2007) anapeza kuti zotsatira za mankhwala zinali zosiyana kuwala ndi katundu owerenga, mwina zotsatira za News Amadyetsa anali osiyana anthu amene kale ankakonda nsanamira mauthenga wosangalala (kapena wachisoni). Repurposing zingachititse kuti "usodzi" (Humphreys, Sierra, and Windt 2013) ndi "tsa-kuwakhadzula" (Simmons, Nelson, and Simonsohn 2011) , koma izi makamaka addressable ndi osakaniza malipoti moona (Simmons, Nelson, and Simonsohn 2011) chisanafike m'kaundula (Humphreys, Sierra, and Windt 2013) , ndi njira makina kuphunzira kupewa kuchita pa-koyenera.


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Wondershare Video Converter Ultimate: Zimayamba
Wondershare Video Converter Ultimate Lilipo onse mu analipira ndi woyeserera. Choncho mungayesere wathu mapulogalamu tisanasankhe pa nkhani iliyonse ndalama.
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Poyamba, ndikuthokoza Mulungu wanga kudzera mwa Yesu Khristu chifukwa cha nonsenu, pakuti pa dziko lonse lapansi anthu akukamba za chikhulupiriro chanu. Mulungu amene ndimamutumikira ndi mtima wanga onse polalikira Uthenga Wabwino wa Mwana wake, ndi mboni yanga kuti ndimakupemphererani nthawi zonse. Mʼmapemphero anga, nthawi zonse, ndimapemphera kuti ngati nʼkotheka mwachifuniro cha Mulungu, njira inditsekukire kuti ndibwere kwanuko. Ine ndikulakalaka kukuonani kuti ndikugawireni mphatso zina zauzimu kuti zikulimbikitseni ndiponso kuti tonsefe tilimbikitsane mʼchikhulupiriro wina ndi mnzake. Abale, ine sindifuna kuti mukhale osadziwa kuti nthawi zambiri ndakhala ndikufuna zobwera kwanuko, koma mpaka pano pali zolepheretsa, ndi cholinga choti ndidzapezeko zipatso pakati panupo monga momwe ndakhala ndikuchitira pakati pa a mitundu ina. Ine ndi wokakamizidwa ndi udindo wotumikira Agriki pamodzi ndi omwe si Agriki, kwa anzeru ndi kwa opusa omwe. Pa chifukwa chimenechi, ine ndikufunitsitsa kulalikira Uthenga Wabwino kwa inunso amene muli ku Roma. Aroma 1:8-15
Chigonjetso cha Mwana wa Mulungu chitha kuonekera mu chikhulupiriro chathu komanso mukulalikira Uthenga Wabwino ku mayiko onse.
God has conquered through his Son
Romans 1:8–15. The victory of God’s Son can be seen in our faith and in the preaching of the gospel to every nation.