text:
awiri gudumu hoverboard katundu wopanga fakitale amagulitsa kampani China Shenzhen rooder luso Co Ltd
mankhwala Mwatsatanetsatane
Tags mankhwala
kampani yathu wadutsa ISO9001: 2008 Quality Management System chitsimikizo. Onse katundu zilipo kwa CE, GS, CQC, PSE ndi RoHS chitsimikizo.
gulu lathu makamaka umabala kudzikonda kugwirizanitsa njinga yamoto yovundikira magetsi, njinga magetsi, magetsi skateboard. Ife komanso kupereka akatswiri R & D ndi OEM ntchito malonda. chitetezo zonse zazikulu scooters ntchito popanga mapulani, kapangidwe ndi kupanga gulu lathu amawayamikira ndi maboma ndi anthu padziko. mankhwala wathu ankagwiritsa ntchito m'sitolo, amagulako, masukulu, zipatala, mahotela, maofesi mobisa magalimoto una wa mobisa m'tauni, zomera fakitale, oyang'anira tauni zomangamanga ndi zina zotero.
awiri gudumu hoverboard katundu wopanga fakitale amagulitsa kampani China Shenzhen rooder luso Co Ltd mtengo wotchipa chipiku ya mu Kupanga katundu ndi Exporting
Model: r808
Net Kulemera kwake: 14kgs
Turo kukula: 8.5 "
Max Katundu: 120kgs
Zolemba liwiro: 12km / h
manambala: 10-15km
Minimus kutembenukira utali wozungulira: 0
Max kukwera malire: 15
Battery: zochotseka lifiyamu-ion 36V 4.4AH Samsung
Kulipidwa Akachititsa kutentha: 0 ℃ ~ 40 ℃
opaleshoni kutentha: -15 ℃ ~ 50 ℃
Njinga: 350w * 2
Mphamvu zofunika: AC100-240V / 50-60HZ
adzapereke nthawi: 2- 3H
atanyamula katoni: 77 * 29 * 33cm
Gross Kulemera kwake: 16kg
yankho: bulutufi / mphamvu ya kutali / chikoka ndodo / APP
1PCS / katoni
Net kulemera: 14kg
GW: 16KG
katoni kukula: 73 * 26 * 28cm
0.047CBM / pc
Kuti chidebe:
623pcs mu 20GP
1331pcs mu 40GP
1503pcs mu 40HC


c: text/html

text:
1. Phoenix zojambula pambali kumapangitsa mkazi kuyang'ana okondweretsa
Akazi achi Brown amakonda chizindikiro cha Phoenix kumbali; Zojambulajambula izi zimapangitsa kuti aziwoneka okongola komanso okongola
2. Amapanga Phoenix waumulungu zojambula pambuyo kuti ndizitsutsa izo
Atsikana amapanga chithunzi cha Phoenix kumbuyo kuti asonyeze thupi lawo ndikupanga chidwi
3. Phoenix zojambula pambali kumbuyo kumabweretsa mawonekedwe achikazi
Atsikana ngati chithunzi chokongola cha Phoenix pambali. Zojambulajambulazi zimakongola.
4. Chizindikiro cha Phoenix pambuyo chimapangitsa akazi kukhala okongola
Akazi amakonda chizindikiro cha Phoenix kumbuyo; zojambulajambula izi zimapangitsa kuti aziwoneka okondweretsa
5. Zojambula za Phoenix kumbuyo ndi makina a pinki amachititsa chidwi kwambiri
Atsikana omwe ali ndi khungu lakuda adzakonda pinki yojambula Phoenix chithunzi pambuyo; zojambulajambula izi zimapangitsa kuti aziwoneka okongola komanso okongola
6. Chizindikiro cha Phoenix kumbali ya kumbuyo chimapangitsa akapolo kuyang'anitsitsa atsikana
Atsikana, atavala malaya a manja am'manja adzapita ku chikhomo cha Phoenix kumbali kuti abweretse kuwonetsera kwawo kwa anthu
7. Zojambula za Phoenix ndi zojambula zakuda pinki zimapanga mtsikana amaoneka wokongola
Atsikana achi Brown nthawi zambiri amapita ku Phoenix chithunzi ndi chojambula cha inkino pinki kumbuyo; zojambulajambula izi zimapangitsa iwo kuwoneka okongola ndi okongola
8. Chithunzi cha Phoenix kumbuyo ndi kukongola kwa inki, kuwapangitsa atsikana kukhala ndi mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri
Amayi omwe ali ndi khungu la thupi la bulauni adzapita ku chithunzi ichi cha Phoenix kumbuyo ndi kukongola kwa inki ya pinki, kuti aziwoneka bwino kwambiri.
9. Phoenix zojambula pamphepete Amapereka atsikana kukhala okongola
Atsikana, makamaka kuvala chovala chachifupi ndi masiketi amfupi adzapita ku chithunzi cha Phoenix pamphepete mwawo kuti awawathandize kwambiri.
10. The Phoenix zojambula pamapewa ndi mapangidwe a pinki a buluu ndi a buluu, apange atsikana kukhala okongola kwambiri
Amayi omwe ali ndi khungu la thupi la bulauni adzapita ku chithunzi ichi cha Phoenix kumbuyo kwawo ndi pinki ya pinki ndi buluu, kuti awoneke bwino.
11. Chithunzi cha Phoenix pambuyo chimapangitsa mtsikana kukonda
Atsikana achi Brown adzakonda chizindikiro cha Phoenix kumbuyo kwawo ndi mawonekedwe a inki ya bulauni; zojambulajambula izi zimapangitsa iwo kukhala okongola komanso okongola
12. Chojambula cha inki yakuda cha Phoenix kumbuyo kwa amayi kumawapangitsa kuti aziwoneka okongola
Amayi omwe ali ndi khungu loyera adzapita ku black ink, Phoenix zojambulajambula kumbuyo kuti aziwoneka okongola komanso okongola

robotstxt: allowed

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Amayanjana: Amazon Othandizana Program
Website: www.10turntables.com
Contact Info: Inu angafikire ife ntchito Contact mawonekedwe.
WOTANI 10TURNTABLES
Monga mukuonera, pali osiyanasiyana yaikulu turntables mu msika, eBay kapena Amazon. Koma kodi inu kusankha zinthu zotsutsana chonchi lonse la mankhwala? Kuti ndi funso lofunika kwambiri. Anthu ambiri kupita ku misika yogulitsa ndi sindikudziwa momwe kukatenga zimene amakonda ndi zimene akufuna.
Turntable.com amapereka nzeru lalikulu ndipo mudziwe kuti mungapeze turntable kuti Cholinga inu zabwino. Pali mwambi umene "Suti nokha kuti ndi kufunika kwambiri, mofanana mwasankha bwenzi mu umbanda."
Pali mitundu inayi ya turntable pakuyenerera anu ndi cholinga changa chachikulu ndi kuthandiza anthu kusankha zomwe amakonda ndi kokha kupereka mwa machitidwe amawatenga. Musanayambe sankhani turntable wa zopangidwa osiyana, choyamba muyenera kumvetsetsa ntchito zawo ndi khalidwe lawo.
Lamba pagalimoto Turntables
Hi-Fi Turntables
turntables Nostalgic
Zam'manja sultcase turntables
Ngati mukufuna kugula turntables kapena mankhwala Retro, musaphonye ndemanga enieni turntable.com. Zimathandiza kwambiri.


text:
Mango aku Indonesia
Pachilumba cha Borneo ku Indonesia pali mitundu ya mango yokwana makumi atatu ndi mphambu zinayi (Mangifera) yomwe ndi yachilengedwe. Mitundu yambiri ili pachiwopsyezo cha kusapezekanso chifukwa cha kugwetsedwa kwa mitengo. Ina mwa mitundu ya mangowa, monga mango a Kalimantan (Mangifera casturi) atha kale mutchire, sakupezekamo.
Mitengo ina ya mango yochokera ku Borneo ndi monga Mangifera griffithi (yodziwika ndi maina awa: asem raba, ndi romian), Mangifera pajang (asem payang), Mangifera quadrifida (asem kipang) ndi Mangifera torquenda (asem putaran).
Mango onunkhira (Mangifera odorata) ndi mtundu wa mango wotchuka omwe umalimidwa kawirikawiri kum’mwera chaku mvuma kwa dziko la Asia. Ndi mtundu waukulu pakati pa mitundu yomwe imakonda kulimidwa (Mangifera indica) ndi Horse Mango (Mangifera foetida). Umadziwika ndi maina a mderalo monga: kuweni, kuwini (m’chilankhulo chachi Indonesia); kweni, asam membacang, macang, lekup (m’chilankhulo chachi Malay); kuwini, ambacang, embacang, lakuik (m’chilankhulo chachi Minangkabau); kuweni, kebembem (m’chilankhulo chachi Betawi); kaweni, kawini, bembem (m’chilankhulo chachi Sundan); kaweni, kuweni, kweni (m’chilankhulo chachi Javan); kabeni, beni, bine, pao kabine (m’chilankhulo chachi Madurese), kweni, weni (m’chilankhulo chachi Balinese); mangga kuini (ku mpoto kwa Sulawesi); ndi kuini, guin, koini, kowini, koine, guawe stinki, sitingki, hitingki (pazilumba za Maluku).
««« Nkhani ya m’mbuyo: Fodya wa Mtengo Nicotiana glauca – Chomera chokongoletsa pamalo perspective! Nkhani yotsatira: Mango a Kalimantan, Kasturi (Mangifera casturi) »»»
Mbiri ya KPR
Gawani zomwe mukudziwa za kubyala mbewu komanso kusamalira zomera. Lembani nkhani zokhudza kubzyala ndi kusamalira mbewu komanso zomera, ndi zina zambiri, ndipo zisindikitseni muchinenero chanuchanu mu timabuku tathu ta Botanix! Lumikizanani nafe kuti mumve zambiri.
Category: Zonse Bowa Malangizo a kalimidwe ka mbewu Mapalmu Tizilombo towononga mbewu Udzu Zomera za chilendo Zomera za m’madzi


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Koperani Baibulo atsopano Pokemon TCG Online APK file
Pokemon TCG Online APK Download: The Pokémon TCG Online ndi masewera zozizwitsa kupita ndi osewera padziko lonse. Ndi ufulu kukopera ndi mosavuta oyamba ndi osewera odziwa. Osewera sayenera kugula chilichonse ndi ndalama weniweni, iwo amapereka zonse zofunika, ndipo pali njira zosiyanasiyana za mumapezera makadi watsopano ndi zina mphoto!
Ngati ndinu watsopano player, osadandaula, osewera onse poyamba anauza ya mu masewera Maphunziro kenako chiyambi anapereka kwa Matches mu Mphunzitsi Challenge pamaso masewera mbali zonse ndi Kufikika. Upon logging into the Pokémon TCG Online, osewera kuyamba ulendo wawo pa pafupifupi "Game Store", kumene Aphunzitsiwa ali tawalandira.
There are five primary Play modes available. These are Trainer Challenge, Versus Mode, Tournament Mode, Tutorial Mode, and Quick Match. Komanso, Friend Battle and Play Testing are available under Friends in the Social menu and the Deck Manager respectively.
There are three currencies available in the Pokémon TCG Online. Awa ndi Mphunzitsi zizindikiro, chochitika Matikiti, ndipo Zamtengo Wapatali. Only Mphunzitsi zizindikiro ndi Chochitika Matikiti panopa kuchipeza lonse.
Pali eyiti chachikulu Mphoto machitidwe umaphatikiza: Bonus Wheel, Daily Challenge, Daily Login Bonus, Daily Match Bonus, Game play rewards, Mystery Box, Special Challenges, Tournament Chests, and Versus Ladder. Zina kachitidwe kusewera masewera mphotho zimamangidwa mu aliyense wa modes zinayi za kusewera masewera: Trainers Challenge, Versus Mode, Tournament Mode, and Tutorial Mode. Take a look at all of the opportunities for you to earn rewards and bonuses in the Pokémon TCG Online.
Game Features:
Zosavuta kuyambitsa:
Sankhani kuchokera Grass, moto, kapena adzikometsa Water, uponde mu masewera, ndi kuphunzira ngati inu kupita mu zosavuta zinachitikira sewero.
Akulitse unawasonkhanitsa:
Zimadzetsa makadi, lotseguka mapaketi chilimbikitso, malonda ndi osewera ena, ndi kumanga sitimayo wangwiro padziko makadi mumaikonda. unawasonkhanitsa limakula ndi inu!
Sinthani zinakuchitikirani:
Kumanga adzikometsa anu, ikonza tione makadi anu, mabokosi sitimayo, ndipo Avatar, ndipo agwirizane anzanu Intaneti.
Mukhale luso lanu:
Play ndi kompyuta mpaka mwakonzeka ndikutsutsa osewera ena.
komanso Onani:-
- TEKKEN .APK Download
- Pokemon TCG Online APK Download
- akufa Island: Opulumuka APK Download
- Pokemon TCG Online APK Download
- Oyenda omwalira: Wathu World APK Download
VUTO DZIKO:
Pamene inu mukumverera sitimayo wanu mamangidwe wokonzeka, ndikutsutsa osewera ena kapena agwirizane mpikisano chosonyeza luso ndi nzeru.


text:
Click here to download this song >> Desktop | Mobile
Ogwira ntchito m'boma angochulutsa drama/
Akumangotinamiza nkumatibela ndalama/
That's why pano tili ndi economic trauma/
Tikawafunsa akumabwera ndima big grammar/
Nkhaniyi ndikhoza kuuza obama/
Akanakhala moyo nkanauza osama/
Mwina akanabwera ndi mabomba kapena kuzawaza mapama alright then.....
Nde mnanji iwe local farmer/
Mbeu zako mitengo amawaza ngat mbama/
Kukhala ngati kulimaku sikumafuna khamaaa khamaaa oh yeah yeah...
Chorus...
Akuti tizagula hummer, Liti?
Tizamwaza ndalama, Liti?
Akuti tizakhala tikuyenda chokhala. Koma liti? Mpaka liti koma liti..
Akuti zinthu zizasintha, liti?
Akuti sazabanso ndalama, liti koma liti mpaka liti..
?#?Verse?....2
Nkaona amasiye pano akungosafala/
Ali balala balala mu gheto kumachita kusowa zovala/
Inu muli nawo ambiri makopala /
Bwanji osawapatsa ka hands akagule kaphala yeah.../
Nkaona olumala ambiri akungopondelezedwa/
Zaufulu wawo pano akungonamizidwa/
Akati apemphe ngongole pano akungokanizidwa..
Yeah pano angothamangitsidwaaaa....
Nkhaniyi ndikhoza kuuza obama/
Akanakhala moyo nkanauza osama/
Mwina akanabwera ndimabomba kapena kuzawaza mapama ku Capital hill rrrrrrrhhhh...
Zinazo mumva mommo
Back to Chorus...


text:
Ndi kutheka onyoza amawanena a Chakwera kuti ndi Yona othawa ulaliki koma mtsogoleri wa dziko lino a Peter Mutharika ati a Chakwera ndi Yudasi basi okonda ndalama.
A Mutharika dzulo ananyogodola a Chakwera kuti apinyolitsa chipani cha Kongeresi kwa a Sidik Mia. Ati pa mtengo wa K200 miliyoni.
“Pofika 2019, patsala DPP yokha basi,” anatelo a Mutharika pa msonkhano omwe anachititsa pa Biwi mu mzinda wa Lilongwe.
“PP ndi ija mwini wake anathawa ija, ikakhala Kongeresi ayigulitsa dzana lomweli ili ku Chikhwawa kwa mkulu wina wa malonda,” anatero a Mutharika uku owatsatila akuomba m’manja.
Ngakhale sanatchule a Mia, a Mutharika amaoneka kuti akunena kuti Kongeresi yagulidwa ndi a Mia amene alowa chipanichi loweruka kwa Ngabu.
“Ikafika 2019, tikunyenyaninyenyaninso,” anatelo mozitamandila a Mutharika.
Dzulo kanali koyamba kuti a Mutharika athililepo ndemanga pa kupita kwa a Mia ku chipani chotsutsa.
Pa msonkhano omwewo a Mutharika adanenetsa kuti Boma lawo lipita chitsogolo ndi ndondomeko yopatutsa madzi mu nyanja ya Malawi kuti azipita ku Lilongwe.
Ndondomeko imeneyi yakhala ikukaikilidwa ndi a mabungwe komanso anthu ena ati kamba ikuoneka ya katangale.


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Tikukufotokozerani mauthenga ofotokoza zaufulu pa Kyle Cooper's Fat Decimator System
Mndandanda wa 46 wa PATSAMBA PDF Phunziro loyamba ndilo "gawo laling'ono" la Fat Decimator System, kuti mudziwe ZOONA NDI CHOONADI cha zomwe mungapeze ngati mukufuna kugula ndondomeko yatsopano yowonongeka.
Sungani lipoti lanu loyambirira la Fat Decimator pachiyambihttp://www.fitnessrebates.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/FatDecimatorSystemFreeReport.pdf
Lipoti la FAT la Decimator laulere likupezeka pa PDF ndipo lingathe kuwonetsedwa pa smartphone, kompyuta, kapena piritsi. Mukhoza pomwepo pa fayilo kuti mupulumutse ku kompyuta yanu.
Ponena za Njira Yoperekera Kutaya Thupi:
Fat Decimator SystemNdondomeko yonse yowonongeka yomwe imathandiza kuyeretsa thupi lanu ndi kukhetsa mafuta osafunika a thupi mu njira yoyenera komanso yothandiza. Ndondomeko ya Chakudya cha Fat Decator Chotsatira pafupifupi aliyense kuti ataya ma 21 lbs mu masabata a 3 okha!
Kuchokera pa zaka 10 zafukufuku opitirira maphunziro a zachipatala a 500 komanso pafupifupi zaka 3 za kuyezetsa dziko lenileni, ndondomeko yatsopano yowonongeka ndi Kyle Cooper ili ndi zotsatira ndi sayansi kuti zibwezeretsedwe.
Kyle Cooper, yemwe amapanga Fat Decimator System, ndi yemwe kale anali m'madzi komanso wodziwa bwino ntchito yake, Kyle wakhala akuphunzitsa asilikali kumalo kuti apange mawonekedwe abwino a zaka zapitazo za 10.


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Akafula
Akafula kapena a batwa omwe pa chizungu amati ma pygmy ndi anthu osiyanasiyana a pakati pa dera la Africa amene kutalika kwawo sikuposa 150cm (4 ft 11 in). Anthu a chi Negrito a ku Asiandi ena aliwonse aafupi amatchedwanso kuti akafula. Eni akewo sasangalala kutchudwa pa dzina limeneli koma dzina lawo lina lomwe lili lonyoza kwambiri ndi amwandiwonerapati.
Akafula amatchedwa ndi dzina loti a Bayaka ku Central African Republic, kapena a Bambenga ku Congo.
Komwe Kunachokela Akafula[edit | edit source]
Anthu ambiri amakhulupilira kuti Akafuna ndi zidzukulu za anthu amaene ankakhala ku nkhalango za pakati pa Africa amene anasamutsidwa ndi kulowelerana ndi kusamuka kwa anthu okonda kulima a ku Sudan ndi a chi Bantu. Maganizo amenewa alib eumboni weniweni wa anthu ofufuza za mbiri ya kale, ndipo ofufuza za chilankhulo ndi kumene kunachokera anthu amakayikira zimenezi. [1][2][3]
Pali malo okhudza za mitengo komanso zoyenga uchi pakati pa akafula a ku Cameroon ndi ku Gabon ngakhale zilankhulo zawo zili zosiyana. Izi zimasonyeza kuti anthuwa anachokera kumodzi.
Matupi ndi chilengedwe cha Akafula a kummawa kumasiyana ndi anthu a mayiko ena. Iwowa ndi aafupi kuposa Akafula ena, kusonyeza kuti ndi akale kwambiri kuponsa Akafula onse. Iwowa chiyambi chawo chimafanana ndi a Hadzabel, amene amakhala kummawa kwa nkhalango ya pakati pa Africa amene anali aafupi kwambiri koma chifukwa choyandikana ndi kukwatirana ndi anthu aatali amene anayandikana nawo, anasintha kutalika kwawo. Akafula ena amene chilengedwe chawo chinayesedwa samasiyana ndi anthu oyandikana nawo amene si Akafula, kutanthauza kuti chilengedwe chawo chinasinthika pobelekerana ana ndi anthu amene sali akafula, kapenaso kuti ndo wosiyana ndi a Mbuti. Anthu ena a sayansi amakhulupilira kuti akafula enawa ndi amodzi ndi anthu a chi Bantu amene anayamba kupita ku nkhalango ya pakati pa Africa.
Anthu ofufuza za chilengedwe cha anthu amaganiza kuti Akafula amakhala aafupi chifukwa chosowa chakudya mu nkhalango, kusowa zofunikira zina ngati calcium mu nthaka, komanso kuti matupi awo amasintha mainga ndi malo amene amakhalawo ndi kubereka nsanga chifukwa chakuti amamwaliranso msanga.[4]
Akafula amakhalanso mu nkhalango mmene dzuwa silimalowa bwino bwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti akhale a mafupa ang'ono ang'ono. [5] [6]
Kuphedwa kwa Akafula[edit | edit source]
Pa nkhondo yachiwiri ya ku Congo, akafula ankasakidwa ngati zinyama ndipo ankadyedwa. Anthu amene ankachita nkhondoyi ankaawona ngati Akafulawo si anthu ndipo ena ankayesa kuti nyama ya akafula imapeleka mangolomera. Ogwira ntchito a ku United Nations amene amateteza ufulu wa anthu analengeza mu 2003 kuti anthu otsutsa boma anka
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ R. Blench and M. Dendo. Genetics and linguistics in sub-Saharan Africa, Cambridge-Bergen, June 24, 2004.
- ↑ Klieman, Kairn A. The Pygmies Were Our Compass: Bantu and BaTwa in the History of West Central Africa, Early Times to c. 1900, Heinemann, 2003.
- ↑ Cavalli-Sforza, Luigi Luca, ed. African Pygmies. Orlando, Fla.: Academic Press, 1986
- ↑ [1]
- ↑ [2]
- ↑ O'Dea, JD. Possible contribution of low ultraviolet light under the rainforest canopy to the small stature of Pygmies and Negritos. Homo: Journal of Comparative Human Biology, Vol. 44, No.3, pp. 284-7, 1994
Link[edit | edit source]
- African Pygmies Culture, photos and sounds


text:
J ndi K galimoto chowonjezera okha anapezeka mu 2009 mu Ningbo, aiming kupereka sing'anga ndi yaing'ono makasitomala waphindu ndi khalidwe ntchito. Monga weniweni wopanga mfundo, timavomereza ang'ono ndi kudzudzula ndi customizing dongosolo.
Mothandizidwa ndi antchito odziwa bwino ntchito, ndi ambuye odziwa chitsanzo, ife kupereka makasitomala athu ndikutsimikizireni khalidwe ndi kumva tisaletse zokumana mgwirizano malonda. Mu zaka ife bwinobwino khwekhwe ntchito zabwino ubwenzi ndi ndi Ferrari, Polo Njinga ku Germany, kuphimba USA ndi DS kuphimba Netherlands, UKCC chivundikiro ku UK etc. Ife tikuyembekezera tsiku lina kugwira ntchito ndi inu potsiriza.


text:
Mfumu ya zinyau Limbani Kalilani imene imatchuka ndi dzina lodyera loti Tay Grin yakwera pa chulu ndikunena mokweza kuti anthu abalankhula chifukwa za iyo zinayera kale.
Tay Grin ndiotchuka pa mayimbidwe mu zamba zosiyanasiyana, choncho wagwiritsa ntchito luso lake pouza anthu onse akuthwa pakamwa kuti abayankhula, iyeyo sizikumukhuza. Kudzera mu mayimbidwe ake a tsopano otchedwa Lubwa, Kalilani wanena izi.
Nyimboyo yatuluka patapita masiku ochepa Grin atapambana zikho ziwiri mu Nyasa Music Awards. Iyeyu wanena zinthu zomwe anthu amamunena.
Zina zomwe wanena ndi zoti amake ndi nduna, iyeyo amakwera ndege kawirikawiri, komanso amatchena modetsa nkhawa. Izi sizinasangalase anthu ena pamene anena kuti katswiriyu wadzolera mafuta pa gulu.
“Ndkhumudwa naye koopsa Tay Grin. Zoona azikazitukumula?” Wafusa motero Angali Banda wa Ku Lilongwe
Tay Grin wakhala akutchuka ndi mbiri yoti samayankha anthu akamena zoipa za iyeyo. Koma apa zasonyeza kuti waatopera anthu onse amene akhala akumunena zinthu zosiyanasiyana.
Lubwa yayimbidwa mu chamba cha Ku South Africa chotchedwa house koma sanaiwale kuitendera ndi ng’oma yakwathu kuno. Anthu ena akondwera ndi mayimbidwe amenewa.
“Mkuluyu waonesa luso loti amatha kulowa palipose,” watero Grace Aleck wa ku Lilongwe.


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Chakufwa Chihana
Chakufwa Chihana (23 April 1939 - 12 June 2006) anali wotakataka pa nkhani za ufulu wa anthu wongwira ntchito komanso wa ndale ku Malawi. Chihana anabadwira ku Kawiluwilu kumpoto kwa dzikoli pa ndipo anamwalira ku Johannesburg, South Africa.
Chihana anali wotsutsa boma pa nthawi ya ulamuliro wa President Hastings Kamuzu Banda ndipo anakhala kunja kwa dzikoli mokakamizidwa mu zaka za mma 1970 ndi mma 1980. Pa nthawiyi, Chihana anamangidwapo. CHihana analandira mphoto ya Robert F Kennedy ya anthu oteteza ufulu wa chibadidwe mu 1992.
Chihana anathandiza kuti boma la a Banda livomere kupanga chisankho cha referendum, chokuti dzikoli likhale la zipani zambiri. Anthu a dzikoli anabvomera kuti boma likhale la zipani zambiri. Pa chisankho chotsatira chosankha President wa dzikoli, chipani cha a Banda cha Malawi Congress Party sichinapambane ndipo chipani cha a Bakili Muluzi cha United Democratic Front chinapambana. Chipani cha a Chihana cha Alliance for Democracy chinakhala chachitatu pa chisankhochi.
A Chihana anakhala wachiwiri kwa mtsogoleri mu boma la a Muluzi my 1994-1996 ndi 2003-2004.


text:
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NDI INA YAKE LYRICS
INTRO
Blakjak- Indee! (GD)
Nthawi ina yake timazamenya ina yake umadziwa
Ndi ina yake koma eti,,, Indee! Eeh!
CHORUS
Tsiku lina lake/ Ndili pena pake
Ndili ndi wina wake/ Ndikumenya ina yake
Panadutsa wina wake/ naye ali ndi wina wake
Mmmmmh ma Man, Eeeh!/ Ndi Ina yake
Inali nthawi zanji? Unkapanga chani? Nanga zinatha bwanji? (Ndi Ina Yake)
Unali ndi ndani? Amakupanga Chani? Anakuwona ndani? (Ndi Ina Yake)
VERSE ONE
Kale kale kunali Baibe inayake
Inali Baibe ya a Frenzi athu ena ake
Tinkagwirizana Heavy udziwa munthu ndi Mlamu wake
Koma zinachitikazo mmm ndi ina yake
Anandikhola kwawo tsiku lina lake
Ati ndivaye afuna akandithoke zina zake
Nditavayako nnapezako kuli Mdala yake
Nnangonamizira kufunsa Map udziwa ina yake
After time Nnalandilanso phone yake
Ati nditha kuvaya Mdala wayendera yake
Ma Guy ambiri akuti (baibe’yo ndi ndani dzina lakee!!)
Easy, nditchula dzina mwina nyimbo ina yake
CHORUS
VERSE TWO
Tsiku lina ndikuyenda Mntauni penapake
Man anandikodola akuyitana mkazi wina wake
Ine kuvaya, nnampeza iye ali ndi nzake
Koma sinnadziwe kuti ngini yake ndi Ina yake
Boh ujeni? Ndikudabwa akugwetsa nkhope yake
Sinnadziwe uyu si ujeni,, ndi sister wake
Akuti ndi ma twins, ndangomva kwa nzake
Mmmmmm ngini yake man, ndi ina yake
Nde ndadziwa kuti uyuy ndi sister wake
Ndayamba kumfunsira wandipatsa nambala yake
Ndamuuza kuti tikumane mawa penapake
Tizamenye inayake,, udziwa,, ina yake
CHORUS
VERSE THREE
Ngini yayamba kuyenda boh yafika pa chimake
Nzanga uja ndi ujeni, ine ndi twin sister wake
Kuyenda limodzi, kuphaka life thaimu ina yake
Komano ngini inazashupha Tsiku lina lake
Nnavayanso kwawo day ina mwa mwambo wake
Anandisekelera udziwa khalidwe lake
Tinatengana yathu ija kuvaya penepake
Wandigwira-ndamugwira basitu,, inayake
Frenzo anatulukira naye ali ndi Baibe yake
Baibe’yo ikungolira itangomuwona sister wake
Akuti ndalakwitsa uyuyu ndi sister wake
Koma frenzo naye anali atamenya kale inaya yake
CHORUS- Till song ends
All rights reserved (2014-Blakjak)


text:
Mafotokozedwe Akatundu
Video ya Fluoxymesterone (Halotestin)
I. Fluoxymesterone (Halotestin) ufa Anthu oyambirira:
II. Matenda a Fluoxymesterone (Halotestin)
1. Mayina:
Fluoxymesterone ufa (CAS 76-43-7) imatchedwa kuti Halotestin ufa kapena Ultandren.
2. Ntchito ya Fluoxymesterone:
Fluoxymesterone (Halotestin) ufa ndizogwiritsidwa ntchito pamlomo. Pamsika, pali mapiritsi a 3 olemba: 2.5mg; 5mg; 10mg, Fluoxymesterone ufa ayenera kuthamanga 10-40mg tsiku, masabata 2-4.
3. Chenjezo pa ufa wa Halotestin (CAS 76-43-7)
Ngakhale si steroid yovulaza, zotsatira za Fluoxymesterone ufa zingaphatikizepo:
zovuta zamphamvu ndi androgenic. Zotsatira za Androgenic zimaphatikizapo ziphuphu, kupweteka kwa tsitsi mofulumizitsa m'zinthu zomwe zimapangidwira kumutu kwa amuna ndi tsitsi lakula, kuwonongeka kwa amayi (omwe ali mbali zosiyanasiyana za ubweya wa thupi,
kutchulidwa kwa zakuya ndi kufalikira kwa clitoris) moyenera kwambiri kuthamanga kwa magazi, monga kuchuluka kapena kuchepetsedwa kwa cholesterol cha LDL, kuthandizani kupanga testosterone zachilengedwe
Kuonjezerapo, Ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito Fluoxymesterone powder, chiwindi chiyenera kukhala ndi thanzi kuti muyambe kugwiritsa ntchito. Kuwonjezera apo, anthu ayenera kuyesetsa kuchepetsa ndi kuchepetsa kupanikizika kwathunthu pa chiwindi. Kuti mulepheretsa nkhawa, Fluoxymesterone ufa sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa milungu iwiri
4.Inanso malangizo:
Zotsatira za Fluoxymesterone ufa pa mphamvu zikuimira cholinga chachikulu cha steroid. Pali ochepa kwambiri ngati ali ndi steroids omwe angathe kulimbikitsa mphamvu monga Halo. Ndipotu, sizingowonjezereka kuti kuwonjezeka kumachitika mofulumira. Izi sizikutanthauza kuti tsopano mudzakhala bench 200lbs kuposa momwe munachitira masabata angapo apitawo, sitingathe kufotokoza kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu kuchokera kwa munthu mmodzi kupita kwina, koma kudzakhala kofunikira. Chifukwa cha zotsatira za Fluoxymesterone powonjezera mphamvu, izi zimapangitsa kukhala steroid yabwino kwa othamanga amphamvu, osadabwa kumeneko. Ichi ndi chofala kwambiri cha steroid pakati pa anthu othamanga mphamvu ndi amuna okakamiza amphamvu. Chimakondanso ndi omenyana, omenyana ndi mpikisano wina aliyense yemwe angapindule ndi khalidwe lofanana.
5. Fluoxymesterone Powder:
10grams yayamba.
Funso labwino kwambiri (mkati mwa 1kg) lingatumizedwe mu maola a 12 mutatha kulipira.
Kuti mukhale wamkulu (mkati mwa 1kg) mukhoza kutumizidwa mu tsiku la ntchito 3 mutatha kulipira.
Maphikidwe a Powder 6.Halotestin:
Kuti mufunse Wotumikira Wathu Woimira Wathu (CSR) kuti mudziwe zambiri, kuti muwone.
7. Malonda a Fluoxymesterone:
Kuti aperekedwe m'tsogolomu.
III. Fluoxymesterone (Halotestin) ufa wa HNMR
IV.Kodi kugula Fluoxymesterone powder; gula ufa wa Halotestin (CAS 76-43-7) kuchokera ku AASRAW?
1.Kutiwuza ife ndi imelo yathukafukufuku, kapena skype pa intanetiwoimira makasitomala (CSR).
2.Zotipatseni ife afunsidwa zambiri ndi adiresi yanu.
3.Our CSR idzakupatsani inu ndondomeko, nthawi yobwezera, nambala yotsatira, njira yobweretsera ndi tsiku lofika kufika (ETA).
4.Payment yachitidwa ndipo katunduyo adzatumizidwa mu maola a 12 (Kukonzekera mkati mwa 10kg).
5.Goods inalandira ndi kupereka ndemanga.
Tangoganizirani zomwe mumakonda kwambiri blog:
Zambiri mwatsatanetsatane zamagetsi,kulandila apa.


text:
Roblox kunyengeza'penu Chida malire Robux
Roblox ndi masewera kuti muli kudziwa kwambiri . mtundu wa RPG ndi zithunzi zabwino sindikunena kotero. Masewerawa ali anthu openga. Aliyense amafuna kukhala ndi anthu robux koma kuti ndi kovuta kwambiri. Ndi watsopano wathu chida kuthyolako inu mukhoza kuwonjezera malire Robux masekondi ndi kudina ochepa chabe.
Roblox Robux kunyengeza'penu Chida MALIRE zosavuta ntchito. Alibe nsikidzi ndi 100% undetectable. Izo kusinthidwa pafupifupi mlungu uliwonse.
Malangizo:
- Download Roblox Cheat Tool Unlimited Robux
- Thamanga kunyengeza'penu Chida
- Lowani inu lolowera
- Sankhani angati Robux mukufuna
- Dinani kupanga ROBUX
- akhale
Mawonekedwe:
- mALIRE ROBUX


text:
Ningbo HQC Electronics NKHA., LTD [HQC®] anakhazikitsidwa mu Ningbo monga wopanga kutsogolera makamaka Structured Cabling njira zaka 20 R & D ndi zinachitikira kupanga.
mankhwala HQC makamaka kuphimba,
1St , Mawaya ndi chingwe Assembly
HDMI zingwe, chamawonedwe CHIKWANGWANI zingwe ndi zingwe Patch, LAN zingwe ndi RJ11 / RJ45 chigamba zingwe, DVI zingwe, VGA zingwe, zingwe Sonyezani doko, USB 2.0 ndi 3,0 zingwe, zingwe RCA, S-Video zingwe, Alamu zingwe, Sipikala zingwe, Scart zingwe, zingwe Coaxial, Mphamvu zingwe, SATA, DB / DC zingwe, Various Chingwe misonkhano zolumikizira etc ...


text:
malipilo, Gayo, Ndipo Ntchito Lounikira Anthu Ntchito Udindo Zitsanzo
superadmin
June 18, 2016
Kutambasulira kwa ntchito
165 Views
Atmospheric Bwato, ndipo Sciences Malo
Ndilangizeni makalasi kupatula sayansi ndi sayansi, mkati sayansi yeniyeni. Kumaphatikizapo amene akuchita osakaniza chiphunzitso ndi kufufuza, ndi maphunziro onse zambiri ntchito mwa kulangiza.
Chongani Komanso
Phunziro bajeti amanena kuti chokwanira, olondola, ndipo conformance pogwiritsa ntchito njira ndi kukaniza. Evaluate budgeting and …


text:
Gemology Zakumapeto - Gemological Institute of Cambodia Zakumapeto. Mfundo Zakumapeto. mwala wamtengo wapatali Zakumapeto
Abalone ngale
akuda ngale Baroque opangidwa ndi edible univalue mollusk amene ali ndi chipolopolo khutu zooneka amtengo yake osiyanasiyana mayi wa ngale akalowa. Amenewa akupezeka America, New Zealand ndi madzi Japanese. Sikawirikawiri spheroid, iwo nthawi zambiri flattened ndi khutu kapena tooth- mphako
kuyamwa
kutenga (mwachitsanzo, mankhwala a) kapena kutenga kapena kupeza mphamvu mphamvu chowala (mwachitsanzo, kuwala)
mayamwidwe sipekitiramu
chitsanzo cha mizere mdima ofukula, magulu kapena zinthu (yotakata mayamwidwe), ndinawona pamene kuwala omwe opatsirana kapena anasonyeza ku mwala wamtengo wapatali ndi omwazika mu zigawo zake kawalidwe ndipo anafufuza ntchito chida monga spectroscope a.
Adamantine
onani luster
Adularescence
khalidwe bluish-loyera kapena yamkaka Sheen (Schiller) moonstone
Allochromatic
pamene amafotokozera kusintha alipo yekha monga zonyansa zazing'ono zinthu mwala, chuma ndi allochromatic (allo = ena; chroma = mtundu)
Alluvium
Ambiri akuti zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito miyala ya thanthwe zinyalala (alluvial madipoziti) omwe amadutsa ndi moyenda madzi ndi kuikidwa pansi pa mtsinje, mtsinje, chigumula kumveka kapena nyanja mabedi.
Amorphous
onani sanali crystalline
Anisotropic
onani doubly refractive
Archimedes mfundo
Archimedes mfundo limanena kuti thupi ndi kumizidwa mu madzi, ndiye cholinga oposa madzi pa thupi ndi wofanana ndi kulemera kwa madzi ena. (The mtima yokoka enieni ndi masekeli njira hydrostatic zachokera mfundo imeneyi)
miyala yokumba
timibulu zopangidwa kuti alibe mnzake achilengedwe (mwachitsanzo, daimondi simulants: strontium titanate ndi YAG)
mankhwala yokumba
ndi kuwongola wa maonekedwe a zinthu ndi Kutentha, kudetsa, ❖ kuyanika, impregnation, walitsa kapena laser-pobowola
anasonkhana miyala yamtengo wapatali
Mfundo iliyonse ndi mbali ziwiri kapena zambiri omwe manowa kapena anasakaniza pamodzi kupanga mwala umodzi
Asterism
asterism ikuchoka tingati zambiri zinayi kapena zisanu ndi Magetsi, ndi ulusi limagwirizana kapena cavities fibrous mu mwala umene yathyoledwa paulendo cabochon ndi inclusions ndi zochokera kufanana ndi lamba ndege
Aventurescence
wamphamvu spangled chinyezimiro cha kuwala kwa mbale kapena flakes a mchere wina m'gulu mwala (mwachitsanzo, malinga aventurine galasi, aventurine khwatsi, aventurine feldspar (sunstone))
Olamulira chosokonekera
mbali chosokonekera, ndi olamulira chosokonekera ndi mzere kungoganiza pakati pa mzinda wa galasi pafupifupi amene amaoneka akhoza zimayenda kuti azipereka maonekedwe omwewo 2, 3, 4 kapena 6 nthawi kasinthasintha kokwanira (ie , nkhope ofanana ali ndi malo ofanana kangapo mu kasinthasintha kwathunthu)
ngale Baroque
dzina ntchito kwa ngale, zonse zachilengedwe ndi otukuka, chithuza kapena chotupa,
amene sapita ku mawonekedwe
Basalt
basalt, ambiri extrusive igneous thanthwe, ndi mdima, chabwino-grained thanthwe kwenikweni wopangidwa feldspar mdima ndi pyroxene (wokhala kapena wopanda olivine). Pali mitundu amene ali m'magulu malinga pa yofanana mu kapangidwe, kapangidwe ndi okhutira mchere
miyala Biaxial
mu orthorhombic, monoclinic ndi triclinic kachitidwe pali atatu nkhwangwa galasi la amayesetsa zosiyana. Wachiphamaso refraction zidzachitika mbali kwambiri, koma padzakhala awiri chamawonedwe nkhwangwa (malangizo a refraction single) kuti amasiyana lathu aliyense osiyana mitundu mwala. mchere la kachitidwe akudziwika ngati biaxial. (Mu dongosolo orthorhombic ndi nkhwangwa chamawonedwe Amachitanso okonda kwa 'C' (mfundo ofukula olamulira), pamene mu monoclinic ndi triclinic palibe kugwirizana ndi nkhwangwa galasi.)
Birefringence
(Umatchedwanso iwiri refraction / DR) birefringence ndi kuchuluka iwiri refraction ya anisotropic mwala wamtengo wapatali chimaonetsera kusiyana pakati pa akalozera refractive pa kulekana pazipita
Biwa ngale
sanali nucleated otukuka ngale (zambiri chowulungika kapena Baroque mu mawonekedwe ku Japan) kuwetedwa padziko m'mphepete mwa nyanja Biwa ku Japan. ngale The mwakula mu lalikulu mamazelo madzi ndi kulowetsa zidutswa yaing'ono ya chobvala mu thupi la mussel ndi
chilema
onse amatanthauza chilema izi zimakhudza padziko mwala. chilema A kawirikawiri chifukwa cha zochita anthu, kaya pamene mwala uli kudula kapena pamene akugwiritsa chobvalidwa mu zodzikongoletsera. Zimakhalapo, maenje, ndi abrasions ndi mitundu yofala chilema
ngale chithuza
ngale amene yokutidwa mbali imodzi yokha ndi wosanjikiza nacreous omwe udali pa maiko irritant original pokhudzana ndi chipolopolo mollusk. Pamene ngale amenewa yotengedwa, dera limene linali kukhudzana ndi chipolopolo ndi umboni za nacre. Choncho mbali iyi yokha zambiri ankawachotsera kutali ndi zobisika poonetsa
ru
ru ndi kuchuluka okwana internally kuwala amene anabwerera kwa diso kwa mwala wamtengo wapatali kwambiri. Kapenanso zikhoza chimaonetsera kuwala (moyo) kwa mwala wamtengo wapatali monga anatsimikiza mtima kuchuluka kwa kuwala anasonyeza kumbuyo kwa diso kuchokera kumbuyo kwa mbali mwala
Brittleness
brittleness limanenedwa ngati kufooka mu mwala wamtengo wapatali imene ngakhale kuwuma kwake, kuvumbitsira atengeke wovulala, kuwonongeka (mwachitsanzo, kutentha ankachitira zircon)
diso Cat a
onani chatoyancy
Center chosokonekera
mbali chosokonekera, malo chosokonekera alipo pamene nkhope ya galasi wangwiro ndi kosiyana zosiyana nkhope ofanana mbali ina ya galasi la (ie, nkhope ali nkhope wina ofanana, popenyana ndi kufanana)
Chatoyancy
chinyezimiritso zotsatira kuchokera zochokera inclusions kufanana fibrous kapena (diso mphaka a) cavities. Chingwe single kuwala limawonekera pa kumathandiza kupeza ngodya pomwe malangizo a inclusions ndipo bwino ndinawona pansi limodzi pamwamba kuwala gwero ndi miyala kuti akhala kudula paulendo cabochon
Chelsea mtundu rater
chida ongokhala osakaniza Zosefera, kotero anamanga kuti timatha awiri okha zigawo yopapatiza a sipekitiramu kuti kuonekera mwa iwo: zozama wofiira (pafupi 690nm) ndi wobiriwira yellow (pafupi 570nm). Imathandiza mu zikusonyeza pamaso pa Chrome kapena cobalt mu ngale ena, pakuti kudziwika (Chrome) utoto miyala ndi kulekanitsa ena zipangizo mwala kuchokera imitations awo wamba. Chikumbutso: Gwiritsani ntchito chizindikiro chenjezo yekha. Umboni kumadalira mayesero ena
Chromophore
(Mitundu wothandizila). Gawo la molekyulu amene amachititsa mtundu pawiri ali. Iwo ali pano monga constituent lofunika mankhwala zikuchokera miyala idiochromatic kapena monga zonyansa accidentai miyala allochromatic
momveka
anawagwiritsa ntchito pofotokoza za ufulu wachibale ku cholakwa chilichonse internai kapena irregularity (inclusions) mu mwala. Tanthauzo akhozanso anawonjezera kuti monga padziko kupunduka (zilema) tikaonetsetsa momveka kalasi ya mwala
mtundu magulu
magulu ziri yomweyi mtundu anawona padziko timibulu kapena mu nyumba internai miyala (zimasonyeza mbali kukula chifukwa cha kusiyana alipo mankhwala, zakumwa, kutentha, kuthamanga ndi zinthu zina)
Mtundu mu ngale
ndi zithunzi maganizo a m'nyanjazi limene kuwala oyera anapambulwa (ofiira, achikasu, zobiriwira, buluu, Violet) komanso kumva wofiirira amene sapezeka sipekitiramu dzuwa. Mtundu anafotokozedwa ndi hue, machulukitsidwe ndi kamvekedwe. Mtundu thupi la mwala wamtengo wapatali ndi lachokera ku kuwala imene kuoneka komanso kukhala chifukwa mayamwidwe adziwana dzulo lina la kuwala kuwoneka. Mtundu angathe kuyamba chifukwa cha kupezeka, kulowerera kuwala ndi kuwala
mtundu magawidwe
mtundu magawidwe akufotokozera pa kukula kwa galasi chifukwa woipa losemphana zosafunika. Kusiyana mu mtundu (magulu kapena mabacteria) zambiri anawona kutsatira nkhope alipo galasi
ochekenera zinthu
Kusankha mayamwidwe kuwala chifukwa kukhalapo kwa zinthu kusintha (Chrome, cobalt, mkuwa, vanadium, manganese, chitsulo, faifi tambala, titaniyamu) miyala idiochromatic ndi allochromatic
yaying'ono
yaying'ono ali ndi tanthauzo lofanana ndi yaikulu umagwiritsidwa makamaka pamene makhiristo alibe chizindikiro cha particles structural (mwachitsanzo, fme-grained jadeite yade)
gulu mwala wamtengo wapatali
onani anasonkhana mwala wamtengo wapatali
Conch ngale
pinki ngale: ngale kuwapeza conch chachikulu, ndi mollusk univalve anapeza gombe la Florida, phompho la California ndi Mexico. ngale awa zambiri pinki (pinki lalanje kapena zoyera) mu mtundu ndi yodziwika ndi kupanda ❖ kuyanika nacreous
Conchoidal
onani wovulala
Mundipeze tamorphic
ndi recrystallization wa okhutira mchere wa miyala analipo kapena pafupi ndi zone kukhudzana chifukwa kukhalapo kwa magmas
Contact amapasa
choyimira cha galasi twinning imene anthu ali kukhudzana pamodzi ndege wamba (ndege mapasa). The magawo awiri a galasi amenewa kotero anafotokoza kuti ngati gawo limodzi zimayenda mwa 180 ° (a theka iwonso) za olamulira ndi (mapasa olamulira) ndiye Magawo awiri adzapanga mawonekedwe a galasi munthu. The kukhudzana amapasa alipo m'njira ziwiri: kukhudzana single amapasa kumene 2 Magawo a galasi ali kuti n'zosiyana kuti ngati theka limodzi zimayenda 180 ° za ndege ya agwirizane, mawonekedwe a galasi yachibadwa analandira; mobwerezabwereza, polysynthetic kapena lammelar mapasa-choyimira cha galasi twinning kupanga mndandanda wa mapasa kukhudzana zambiri mu mbale woonda kwambiri. Izi m'magulu lathu mosiyana ndi anzawo mwamsanga (mwachitsanzo, wopezeka corundum ndi feldspar). Onani mapasa komanso interpenetrant
ovuta ngodya
mbali ya zochitika kumene ray wa kuwala umene akuyenda kuchokera optically lolemererapo kwa sing'anga n'kukhala ndi refracted pa 90 ˛ kwa yachibadwa (ie, izo skims padziko atolankhani awiri anakumana). Taonani: iliyonse kuwonjezeka pa mbali iyi ya zochitika kodi chifukwa ray refracted kubwerera mu sing'anga original kumene izo zikanati kutsatira malamulo a chinyezimiro (ie, ilo kwathunthu internally akusonyeza.)
Cryptocrystalline
(Crypto = chobisika). Anawagwiritsa ntchito pofotokoza zinthu wopangidwa ndi chiwerengero chachikulu ndi timibulu yaing'ono zambiri kum'mwera tosaoneka musayambe misa labwinobwino. The kum'mwera tosaoneka galasi akaphatikiza akhoza kuoneka amorphous kwa apoyera
Crystal
mibulu ndi mankhwala yunifolomu olimba ndi anatilamula internai dongosolo atomiki ndi mawonekedwe akunja njanjira ndi symmetrically anakonza ndege nkhope (lathyathyathya)
mawonekedwe Crystal
mawonekedwe galasi tichipeza ail nkhope amene nawonso zokhudzana ndi nkhwangwa crystallographic (mwachitsanzo, piramidi, prism, pinacoid, mzikiti)
chizolowezi Crystal
ndi akalumikidzidwa galasi (mawonekedwe, kuphatikiza makhalidwe padziko) imene mchere zambiri zimachitika amatchedwa makhalidwe awo galasi
inclusions Crystal
galasi inclusions ndi kuuzindikira ndi awo ndi ngodya ndi okhota ndi m'mbali ndi molunjika. m'mbali m'goli ndi mitundu pang'ono adzakhale Komanso anakumana ndi chifukwa reabsorption wa inclusions lapansi. (Galasi inclusions zambiri chikaonekera thandizo polimbana ndi gulu maziko pamene ankaona pansi darkfield chiwalitsiro. Iwo akhoza kufufuzidwa pogwiritsa ntchito polars anawoloka.)
Crystal chosokonekera
galasi chosokonekera amatanthauza chitsanzo moyenera kapangidwe atomiki. Ndi kubereka yeniyeni (kubwereza maonekedwe) nkhope ofanana galasi (konsekonse, ngodya) omwe akusonyeza anauza mkati dongosolo la thunthu.
Tinthu
crystalline chuma ndi tanthauzo ndi mchere olimba amene ayoni, maatomu kapena mamolekyulu imakonzedwa mwadongosolo. Zochita mawuwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza zinthu okhala ndi kapangidwe zonse ndi katundu mbali koma osati kunja zojambula mawonekedwe
nkhwangwa Crystallographic
awa ndi mawu kungoganiza kutalika kalekale kuthamanga kudutsa
abwino galasi mu zina malangizo yotsimikizika poyerekezera ndi chosokonekera a galasi ndi. Iwo intersect pakati pa galasi pa mfundo yotchedwa chiyambi. (Iwo mizere ya Buku limene angathe kuyeza mtunda wachibale ndi zofuna za nkhope zosiyanasiyana.)
ngale otukuka
ngale otukuka ndi dongosolo ngale kwathunthu kapena pang'ono anachititsa
ndi phukusi la bungwe mu mkati mwa mollusks lapansi. Inakwaniritsidwa ngale otukuka kaya kapena wopanda phata ndi
chotupa ngale
ngale amene wapanga mu thupi la ngale mollusk ndipo spheroid mu mawonekedwe
Dendritic kulolerana
mtengo-ngati kapena Moss ngati mng'alu kudzazidwa (kumene inclusions chuma chosiyana fil yopuma -. zambiri chitsulo okusayidi)
Divitrify
kumana wa luster kunyezimira ndi transluceny. (Mu nkhani ya mankhwala galasi wotchedwa pambuyo yade - ndi chitukuko cha crystallization incipient)
Dichroscope
ndi dichroscope ndi chida amene amalola zotsatira pleochroic mchere mwala chakuti akuoneni, mitundu iwiri kapena mithunzi ya mtundu panthawi
mapindidwe akuwala
ndi mapindidwe akuwala kuwala ndi apadera mawonekedwe kulowelera wa kuwala umene kuwala woyera wosweka (kugawanika) ku mitundu yake zikuluzikulu monga kuwala umadutsa ndi kabowo kakang'ono kapena mafunde kuwala kudali m'mphepete ndi pakati mosiyana refracting zinthu (mwachitsanzo, sewero mtundu m'zimene opal wapatali)
kupezeka
kupezeka ndi kulekana (kuswedwa) kuwala woyera ku mitundu kawalidwe ndi refraction (a kupinda kuwala) monga kuwala umadutsa pamalo awiri okonda. Mu ngale nthawi zambiri amatchedwa 'moto'
wachiphamaso refractive
anisotropic - mchere naonetsere mbali katundu kuwala (mwachitsanzo, miyala tetragonal, hexagonal trigonal, orthorhombic, monoclinic ndi triclinic kachitidwe)
atomu sipekitiramu
akuti ntchito zosiyanasiyana lonse la adziwana dzulo mphamvu chowala ku mafunde yaitali wailesi mwa yochepa kwambiri adziwana dzulo sindingaonekere
Zinthu chosokonekera
zinthu chosokonekera ndi unsembe wa classifi-ti- kwa kachitidwe asanu galasi. Iwo ndi zipangizo zomwe zingatithandize kupatukana ndi kufotokoza za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mawonekedwe galasi. Kuphatikizapo ndege chosokonekera, ndi olamulira chosokonekera ndi malo chosokonekera (onani matanthauzo pansi mindandanda munthu)
Eluvium
eluvial madipoziti zigwirizana wa zinyalala thanthwe (miyala) omwe linasokoneza (ikuwombedwa kuchokera) kwa khamu thanthwe ndipo akhala mu situ (mu place) popanda akukumana kayendedwe mitsinje
zimatulutsa
kupereka kapena kunja (mwachitsanzo, kuwala)
Enantiomorphism
kapangidwe maselo a khwatsi zimene zinagwira lamanzere ndi lamanja kukula mwauzimu wa khwatsi, ndi kugawanika yake yozungulira. (Dziwani: The kaikidwe ka nkhope yaing'ono auxillary amene kawirikawiri kuonekeratu kunja mawonekedwe thandizo kuzindikira lamanja kapena lamanzere handedness la galasi la)
Kompyuta
onani mankhwala yokumba
inclusions Epigenetic
nsanamira inclusions ano. Zimene zinachitika mapangidwe gulu galasi. Kuphatikizapo zosiyanasiyana fissures ndi inclusions mchere popangidwa ndi exsolution (mwachitsanzo, rutile silika mu corundum); osanenapo mafuta / opticon, etc., zotsala mu wovulala wodzazidwa ngale.
Exsolution inclusions
onani exsolved
Exsolved
ndi unmixing mchere. Ena awiriawiri mchere kupanga njira olimba pa kutentha ndi kukhala wosakhazikika pa kutentha m'munsi. Pamene kuziziritsa pang'onopang'ono mchere munthu akhoza kukakamizidwa pamene dongosolo khamu akamazizira ndi mapangano, kwenikweni kufinya zosafunika mu malo wopanda kumene kuwumitsa (mwachitsanzo, rutile singano (silika) mu corundum)
ikutha
ikutha ndi yonena za kuwala kubwerera kwa diso. Amayambitsa mwala kuonekera mdima ndi akusowa billiance
mayina mbali
ngale faceted ndi korona (gawo pamwamba pamwamba lamba la), tebulo (pakati mbali ya korona), lamba (chigawo cha mwala ndi wamkulu wozungulira kapena malire kunja), ndi hema (mbali pansi m'munsimu lamba la ). pantchito zina zonse zingasiyane mu kukula, pafupipafupi kapena ngakhale kuli malinga ndi kudula kalembedwe ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, mu muyezo sitepe kudula (emarodi odulidwa) miyala culet (yaing'ono mbali pa tsinde la hema) m'malo mwa mzere muyezo (yaitali mzere anakafika pamodzi likulu la pansi hema)
pogawanikana pamawere abodza
onani asiyane
nthenga kulolerana
ndege la cavities miniti imene bwinobwino amaoneka ngati khamu la magawo abwino ndodo ngati a intercommunicating njira (kawirikawiri madzi odzazidwa).
fibrous
dzina chuma kumene timibulu constituent ndi singano woboola pakati (mwachitsanzo, asibesitosi, nephrite yade)
inclusions zala
izi mwina iwonso lotchedwa nthenga machiritso ndi zigwirizana interconnecting Intaneti a ngalande madzi odzazidwa ndi m'malovu chokhala ndi zala. Kawirikawiri chifukwa cha njira mchere pang'onopang'ono imathandiza mu mng'alu analipo pa galasi kale anapanga, ndi kuchiritsa fissure. Zinthu zina pamene ziwalo angayambe ndi pa kutentha mankhwala kutentha. Fingerprints sizachilendo m'mabuku rube ankachitira
chitsiriziro
mapeto amanena za khalidwe faceting a ngale ndi aweruzidwa ndi mlingo wa kudzawala, nthawi zonse, ndi flatness aliyense mbali
kuwala
kuwala ndi umuna wa kuwala looneka ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali kuti adziwa radiations zooneka kapena zosaoneka wa timaganiza wamfupi (mphamvu apamwamba)
wovulala
wovulala ndi Chip kusakhazikika yopuma mwala
Mfundo
mwala wamtengo wapatali wa mtundu uliwonse, kudula ndi opukutidwa kwa chokongoletsera (ngale ndi zosiyana chidwi ndi zofunikira masika). A mwala ndi tanthauzo ndi amene ali ndi kukongola, durability ndi m'chipani
Glass
galasi akuti umagwiritsidwa ntchito zinthu zimene analenga ndi limatsogolera ndi kuzirala mofulumira zinthu mchere, chifukwa mu mapangidwe zinthu amorphous. Glass kungakhale yokumba (zopangidwa, nthawi zina amatchedwa phala) kapena kuposa kawirikawiri, mwachitsanzo zachilengedwe, obsidian (chiphala galasi), tektites (ankaganiza kuti meteoric kuwaza mankhwala)
Miyalayo
Miyalayo ndi kuwala wachikuda, coarse-grained intrusive igneous thanthwe wopangidwa makamaka a khwatsi, feldspar ndi Mica anati
Growth banding
magulu mbandakucha mdima mu mizere molunjika pa kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zabwino zimene amatsatira chitsanzo structural ya mchere ya
chizolowezi
mawonekedwe khalidwe limene mchere kwambiri ambiri amapezeka. Chizolowezi kokha za maonekedwe akunja ambiri anatengedwa ndi mchere komanso mmene pamwamba zotsatira komanso
Hackly
onani wovulala
Halo kulolerana
galasi kulolerana atazunguliridwa ndi maganizo mng'alu (s). Imeneyi ndiye kuti amaoneka ngati Gulugufe ndi mapiko awiri wochokera galasi m'gulu (amene nthawi zambiri zircon)
kuuma
kuuma ndi mphamvu mchere ali kukana kukanda (kumva kuwawa). Onaninso moh ndi sikelo
kuchiritsa ming'alu
anachiritsa ming'alu (ming'alu kapena cleavages) kumene madzi analowa yopuma ndi galasi anakula pamodzi. Nthawi zambiri zigawo za madzimadzi azunguliridwa mu cavities ndi njira kuchititsa feathery kapena zala ngati dongosolo (nthawi zina chitsulo papezeka)
lokongola
hue amanena kuti dzina la mtundu wokha: choyera kawalidwe zomverera ofiira, achikasu, zobiriwira, buluu, Violet ndi yofanana ndi zimenezi. Lokongola limanenanso kumva wofiirira (pakati pa kufiira ndi violet), amene sapezeka sipekitiramu dzuwa
Madziwo
miyala adapereka, makamaka mu magawo otsiriza a kuphatikiza igneous kwa chiphalaphala wolemera mu madzi ndi zinthu zina oyaka. Mitsempha Madziwo a mchere wolemera njira zosefera kudzera mipata ndi fissures pa miyala nyanja ndi mawonekedwe galasi alimbane cavities mu thanthwe
Idiochromatic
pamene amafotokozera kusintha ndi constituent zofunika mu nkhani ngale, ndi chuma chamtengo ndi idiochromatic (idio = kudzikonda, chroma = mtundu)
kumiza cell
ang'onoang'ono cell galasi chifukwa munali zakumwa abwino. Mfundo pogwiritsa ntchito kumiza cell ndi kuti refractive Index wa madzi ndi mwala, kosavuta kuona bwino mu mwala. Pafupifupi madzi aliyense colorless, ngakhale madzi, adzadula padziko kusinkhasinkha, ndi kupanga kuonera inclusions zosavuta
mu situ
zakuthupi nawo pa udindo umene unali anapanga kapena waikamo akuti amapezeka situ (munyengo place)
kulolerana
onse amatanthauza chilema kapena irregularity mkati mwala. Inclusions akhoza kugawidwa mu mitundu itatu yosiyana: olimba-onse crystalline (mwachitsanzo, zircon mu safiro) kapena si-crystalline (mwachitsanzo, galasi chibadwidwe peridot) zitheka. Cavities awa akhoza kupanga pa khamu ngale kukula (inclusions chachikulu), kapena mtsogolo (inclusions yachiwiri). Mwina mtundu kutinso mudzazidwe ndi osakaniza aliyense wa madzi, mpweya ndi kapena olimba. Anthu ndi magawo awiri kapena ambiri watchedwa multiphase. Growth zochitika mtundu magawidwe ndi twinning zitsanzo zonse za zodabwitsa kukula
infuraredi
njira infuraredi m'munsimu wofiira ndi izi osiyanasiyana cheza akuyamba ndi adziwana dzulo kuti salinso kuposa 700nm wa kuwala kofiira. cheza infuraredi ambiri lotchedwa kutentha chifukwa amapangira Timatha chikondi akamwalira Pitani wathu
kulowelera
kumene cheza awiri oyendayenda mu njira yomweyo, koma mu gawo (sitepe), matanthauzo kusokoneza wina kuchititsa mwina okwana kutha kwa kuwala kapena chisanadze ulamuliro wa mitundu limodzi kapena kuposa
Chiwerengerochi kulowelera
izi ndi zotsatira kuwala ndinawona pamene iwiri mchere refractive amaona mwa nkhope yomweyi pa convergent mtanda wa kuwala magetsi. Kulipira mfundo zothandiza za khalidwe kuwala kwa mwala
mapasa Interpenetrant
choyimira cha galasi twinning imene anthu awiri kotero wamkulu pamodzi kuti Zikuoneka kuti atagonjetsa wina ndi mnzake (zambiri popanga mtanda kapena nyenyezi miyala)
Iridescence
iridescence kapena sewero mtundu akulongosola mtundu kapena angapo mitundu umatulutsa kusokonezedwa kapena mapindidwe akuwala pamene kuwala zimaonekera kaya kwa mafilimu woonda kapena ku dongosolo lapadera la opal wapatali
Isomorphous m'malo
panafunika wina mchitidwe mankhwala wina wa valency chomwecho mu mipweya. Izi zimachititsa ziwawa mu thupi katundu wa anthu a mndandanda. Valency: a ofanana mankhwala chikhalidwe ndi utali wozungulira amaayoni
Isotropic
onani singly refractive
Keshi otukuka ngale
mwachibadwa zikuchitika sanali nucleated madzi ngale amene amapanga mu mollusk ndi pamene anabwerera ku madzi pambuyo kuchotsa mbewu ya si nucleated ngale otukuka. Zimenezi si kusokonezedwa ndi m'madzi mbewu pearis amene amakhala ang'onoang'ono kwambiri. The madzi `keshi 'pokhapokha otchedwa chifukwa nawonso si wamkulu ku phata yokumba. Nthawi zina amatchedwa `seedless 'ngale kuti amasiyanitsa anthu omwe si nucleated. Onaninso Biwa ngale
Keshi ngale (m'madzi)
ndi Japanese kuitana mbewu ngale `keshi '(poppies). Gulu apa ndi pakati pa kukula ka mbewu poppy ndi ochepa ngale mwachibadwa anapanga
Konoscope
ndi polariscope zokuzira ndi mandala kwambiri convergent amene amathandiza atsogolere kuonerera kanjedza kulowelera
Lamellae inclusions
chifukwa cha twinning polysynthetic. Akhoza kuoneka ngati chi- kapena mandala nsomba mzere. Iwo ingaoneke kumakumana kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zabwino (mwachitsanzo, mu corundum kumene malangizo kukumana)
dothi Lateritic
nthaka chuma (lopangidwa ndi zidutswa thanthwe ndi zomera) zimene kwenikweni anachokera ku basait linakwiriridwa (a zabwino grained mdima chiphala mwala wolemera mu chitsulo ndi magnesium, lofunyululalo kwambiri zotsatira za mankhwala weathering m'dera lotentha)
Luminescence
ambiri lotanthauza kupereka kumbali ya looneka `ozizira kuwala 'ndi chinthu pa kupeza ubweya mphamvu zosiyanasiyana. The zochitika mfundo zisanu luminescent ndi: chemi-luminescence (chifukwa cha kusintha kwa mankhwala), tribo-luminescence (opangidwa ndi mikangano), thermo-luminescence (opangidwa ndi kutentha), photo¬luminescence (opangidwa ndi radiations zooneka kapena zosaoneka mphamvu apamwamba / wamfupi timaganiza) ndi cathodoluminescence (zotsatira malemeredwe ndi elekitironi mtengo mu chipinda zingalowe)
luster
luster ndi kuchuluka ndi khalidwe la kuwala kuti zimaonekera padziko mwala. Motere ntchito pofotokoza mwala wamtengo wapatali lusters: zachitsulo: mkulu luster kukuonetsedwa opaque mchere zachitsulo. adamantine: mkulu padziko reflectivity. vitreous: galasi ngati luster ankaikira ambiri ngale. utomoni wonunkhira: lililonse luster wa resins (zofewa ndi otsika RI). waxy: pafupifupi matte pamwamba (limatchedwa aliwonse). aliwonse: pang'ono wochuluka kuyang'ana chifukwa cha kubalalika wa kuwala ndi padziko microscopically akhakula. ngale: luster ngale / mayi wa ngale. silky: fibrous luster silika
Mabe (otukuka) ngale
gulu otukuka chithuza ngale imene phata original adachotsedwa ndipo m'malo ndi mkanda aang'ono umalimbikitsidwa, ndipo chidutswa mzikiti zooneka mother- a ngale glued kuti maziko ake kuphimba dera akusowa nacre
chiphalaphala
osungunula (madzi) thanthwe
malleable
njira malleable kukhala angathe kukhala anawonjezera kapena tinalengedwa ndi kumenya ndi nyundo kapena mavuto odzigudubuza
Opangidwa
wopangidwa mankhwala ndi tanthauzo ndi amene wakhala apanga kwa zasayansi a. (Lithe ndi kuika pamodzi kapena kuphatikiza zinthu mu zovuta lonse). Mapeto angakhale mwala wamtengo wapatali kupanga (ie, amene ali wofanana zachilengedwe) kapena mwala wamtengo wapatali yokumba (ie, amene alibe mnzake zachilengedwe)
chachikulu
mawu amene anagwiritsa ntchito pofotokoza zinthu zomwe ali ndi yotsimikizika internai dongosolo la galasi, koma si kusonyeza akunja zojambula mawonekedwe. Izi zikhoza analemba mayunitsi limodzi (mwachitsanzo, ananyamuka khwatsi) kapena kuposa galasi (mwachitsanzo, jadeite)
Mettalic
onani luster
Metamict
mawuwa ntchito zinthu zimene avutika yopuma-kuchokera ku crystalline kuti boma mwina amorphous; wamba mu mchere munali zipangizo nyukiliya (mwachitsanzo, otsika mtundu zircon)
miyala Metamorphic
metamorphic (kwenikweni, anasintha mawonekedwe) miyala anapanga ku miyala analipo kwenikweni ndi zochita za anzanu, kutentha ndi / kapena kukhazikitsa zinthu zatsopano mankhwala
Chinkafunika carat (CT)
mmodzi chinkafunika carat = wachisanu mmodzi wa gram (0.20gr) kapena 200 mamiligalamu (mg). A carat chinkafunika ndi woyezera kulemera kwa miyala yamtengo wapatali ail ndi ngale otukuka. kulemera chimaonetsera awiri malo decimal ndi decimals nthawi zambiri mwachisawawa amatchedwa 'mfundo, ie, 1 chinkafunika carat = mfundo 100
maikulosikopu
chida kuwala ongokhala osakaniza magalasi umene umabala fano wakuzidwa wa chinthu. Ena mwa ntchito zofunika kwambiri magnification: likhale phunziro (zachilengedwe vs. zopangidwa; mode mapangidwe / kukula galasi); pamwamba kufufuza (khalidwe la odulidwa (chosokonekera), kupukuta (zinthu za mbali, firemarks); kudziwika miyala gulu; chizindikiritso cha mankhwala yokumba; kuona chiopsezo cha kuwonongeka (mwachitsanzo, pamaso pa fupa lothyoka ndi / kapena pogawanikana pamawere); azindikire anawaonjezera kuwirikiza kawiri (SR vs .DR, iwonso amasonyeza kuchuluka kwa birefringence)
Maminolo
mchere ndi munthu mwachibadwa zikuchitika mankhwala zochita kupanga kukhala zikuchokera mankhwala ndi thupi katundu amene akupitiriza malire yopapatiza. akuphatikizapo zambiri crystalline
kuwala Monochromatic
monochromatic kuwala ndi kuwala kwa timaganiza chimodzi chokha. Muyezo yellow monochromatic kuwala ntchito miyezo Refractometer lachokera ku nyali sodium wochuluka nthunzi. Izi tichipeza awiri mizere kwambiri spaced umuna, amene phindu zikutanthauza ndi 589.3nm
inclusions Multiphase
inclusions kuti anyamula madzi ndi mpweya ndi / kapena timibulu
Nacre
ndi katulutsidwe opangidwa ndi zovala zina mollusks imene imagwiritsidwa ntchito zigawo iridescent kwa ngale ndi mayi wa ngale padziko mkati chipolopolo mollusk. Nacre tichipeza crystalline carbonate ya laimu ndi mfundo organic wotchedwa conchiolin
Namometers (nm)
botolo la Muyezo wa adziwana dzulo wamfupi a sipekitiramu atomu (chowala mphamvu). 1 nanometer = 1 millioneth mbali ya millimeter (1 / 1,000,000 nm) mwachitsanzo, zooneka kuwala imagwera pakati 700nm (wofiira) ndi 400nm (violet)
Native odulidwa
anawagwiritsa ntchito kwa kalembedwe odulidwa wasankhidwa pazipita kulemera posungira. Izi miyala kwambiri odulidwa ndi pavilions lalikulu zambiri amafuna
recutting afike kufanana bwino
zoipa galasi
cavities mkati mwala kukhala crystalline mawonekedwe. cavities izi zinalengedwa pamene zina atakula pa mlingo mofulumira kuposa madera ena, kupanga ndi kamodzi opanda kapena kumene original kulolerana galasi wakhala kusungunuka kunja (timibulu zoipa zambiri kuoneka opepuka kuposa khamu lawo pansi darkfield chiwalitsiro)
zoipa kulolerana
ndi kulolerana oipa akhoza kukhala mpweya kapena madzi wodzazidwa kapena muli yaing'ono olimba kulolerana (onani galasi komanso zoipa)
zoipa kuwerenga
ngati mwala poyesedwa pa refractometer atakhala ndi R.1 pamwamba osiyanasiyana chida, palibe m'mphepete mthunzi sanaonerere (kupatula cha kukhudzana madzi)
Non-crystalline
mchere ndi zipangizo zina timamva kuti sanali crystalline kapena amorphous (kutanthauza maonekedwe) pamene iwo Jack mwadongosolo internai atomiki dongosolo ndi geometrically zonse akunja maonekedwe (mwachitsanzo, mchere zinthu, opal ndi galasi, komanso zipangizo organic)
Non-woyera kuwala
kuwala si woyera (ie, achikuda) limafotokoza mawu a hue ake (ie, mtundu wa timaganiza ake chisanadze lalikulu), machulukitsidwe (kuya kapena mphamvu za mtundu lalikulu) ndi kamvekedwe (mthunzi-kuwala kwa mdima)
Normal
mu Optics ail kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zabwino ndi muyeso kwa wabwinobwino, mzera kungoganiza kukopedwa pa kumathandiza kupeza ngodya pomwe (90 mfundo kumene ray amenya padziko osati padziko palokha
chamawonedwe olamulira
malangizo a refraction single mkati ndi galasi mwinamwake doubly refractive amadziwika monga olamulira chamawonedwe
khalidwe chamawonedwe
tiwona chikhalidwe chamawonedwe
Chamawonedwe chithunzi dera
kapu dera zokuzira ndodo yochepa yomwe imateteza condensing mandala kuthandiza kutsimikiza kulowelera dongosolo anawona pamodzi ndi olamulira chamawonedwe mu zinthu anisotropic
chamawonedwe chikhalidwe
chamawonedwe chikhalidwe cha mchere ndi: mchere anawagawa uniaxial, biaxial ndi isotropic (chamawonedwe khalidwe). Uniaxial ndi biaxial mchere zina lophatikizana ndi ubwamunalo linagawanika mu iwo amene optically zabwino ndi iwo amene optically zoipa (chamawonedwe chizindikiro)
chamawonedwe chizindikiro
tiwona chikhalidwe chamawonedwe
kuwala kachulukidwe
kachulukidwe kuwala ndi chuma zovuta zomwe demonstates yokha mu liwiro la kuwala. (Onaninso refraction)
mankhwala organic
mankhwala organic ndi zipangizo opangidwa ndi ntchito ya zamoyo
Asia (a ngale)
ndi iridescent padziko Sheen ngale mwala ndi mayi wa ngale. Iwo amayamba ndi kuwasokoneza wa kuwala mafilimu woonda (mbale zonyalazo wosanjikiza nacreous) ndi mapindidwe akuwala ku mbali yabwino ya zipangizo
ngale Oriental
anagwiritsa ntchito mawu amenewa ndi ufulu kwa kufotokoza ngale zachilengedwe zopezeka mollusks sait madzi a Persian Gulf. Komabe, papita malonda kwambiri ambiri mwambo kalasi ail saltwater ngale zachilengedwe monga kum'maŵa
asiyane
asiyane ndi breakage chimene chimachitika pamodzi ndi ndege cha kufooka, osati limodzi ndege ikufanana ndi nkhope Krustalo, kapena n'zotheka
galasi chinayang'ana, monga pogawanikana pamawere (imatchedwanso monga pogawanikana pamawere zabodza)
Pearl yambewu
ngale tirigu ndi muyezo woyezera kuti ngale masekeli 1 tirigu = 0.25 carat (1 CT = 4grains)
ngale
ngale ndi dongosolo zachilengedwe tochoka mwangozi popanda thandizo la bungwe lililonse la anthu, mkati mwa mollusks. Iwo wapangidwa ndi chinthu organic (a scleroprotein dzina lake conchiolin) ndi kashiamu carbonate (kawirikawiri mu mawonekedwe a aragonite) anakonza mu zigawo concentric, yakumapeto kwenikweni, polumikizirana amene ali makamaka nacreous
ngale
onani luster
Pegmatites
igneous thanthwe la phindu coarse zambiri munali mchere kawirikawiri, kuphatikizapo mibulu yaikulu ya miyala yamtengo wapatali (mwachitsanzo, kulusolito, chrysoberyl, feldspar, khwatsi, spessartite garnet)
Phosphorescence
phosphorescence ndiye kuti anachedwa kuwala (ie, ndi kuwala kotsalira m'mbuyo). Iwo anapitiriza umuna kuwala kuonekera pambuyo gwero cheza zimandipatsa mphamvu watha
Photoluminescence
photoluminescence ndi mawu gulu chifukwa kuwala ndi phosphorescence. Ndi zotsatira anasonyeza ndi zipangizo zina yopangira kuwala kuonekera pa kukumana kwa timaganiza cheza yochepa (mwachitsanzo, radiations atomu mu zooneka (buluu), ultraviolet ndi x-ray mbali sipekitiramu a)
Pinpoints
particles ang'onoang'ono napeza monga inclusions. Pamene awa alipo ambiri akhale ngati mtambo anafotokoza ndi chilungamo cha mwala mododoma
madipoziti Placer
placer madipoziti zigwirizana woipa padziko mchere wofunika kwa mkulu yokoka enieni (ndi durability) amene anapanga ndi weathering thanthwe kholo ndipo, nthawi zambiri, kenako wakhala amadutsa mwa mtsinje kapena yoweyula kanthu
Ndege chosokonekera
mbali chosokonekera; ndege chosokonekera ndi ndege kungoganiza lomwe limapanga malire a thupi m'magulu awiri kuti aliyense gawo potengera (galasi) chifaniziro cha mbali ina (ie, mbali liri lenileni osiyanitsidwa mnzake wa ena)
mapulasitiki
ndi ambiri akuti kwa chiwerengero cha organic zinthu zopangidwa (kawirikawiri utomoni zochokera polima) amene akhoza extruded kapena kutsogoleredwa ndi kutentha ndi / kapena chipsyinjo
Play a mtundu
mawu akuti sewero mtundu limafotokoza nkhani ya mitundu ndinawona pamene kuwala zimaonekera ku mafilimu woonda kapena kwa mmodzi latisi ngati dongosolo la opal wapatali. Chifukwa amapangidwa ndi mapindidwe akuwala (kumatula ndi kuwala woyera ku mitundu yake chigawo chimodzi kuunika umadutsa ndi kabowo kakang'ono) omwe ndi apadera mawonekedwe kulowelera kuwala
Pleochroism
pleochroism (kutanthauza ambiri achikuda) ndi ambiri anawagwiritsa ntchito pofotokoza zosiyanasiyana mitundu mbali kumene m'zimene ena miyala achikuda amene anagawa kuwala (ie, ndi doubly refracting) chifukwa dongosolo awo mkati galasi. Pamafunikanso dichroism (awiri akuda) ndi trichroism (atatu akuda)
Polariscope
ndi polariscope ndi chida wopangidwa mayunitsi awiri kwa kupanga ndege magetsi kuwala anakonza ndi gawo onsewo pakati pawo. Mayesero chipangizo okha kapena chuma ndi singly kapena doubly refractive
zochita Polariscope
singly refractive-chuma akhala mdima yonse ya 360 ° nayenso. Ngati nkhaniyo ili pansi pa kupsyinjika internai izo angasonyeze anomalous (zabodza) iwiri refraction (ADR), kawirikawiri mu mawonekedwe a magulu wavy kapena yamawangamawanga osasamba. Wachiphamaso refractive miyala kudula kwa galasi limodzi ndi maudindo anai kuwala ndi malo anayi a mdima. Tinthu aggregates kapena kwambiri m'gulu DR zinthu zingaoneke ail kuwala yonse ya 360 ° nayenso. Kulowelera chithunzi-mu nkhani ya DR zakuthupi, ngati zinthu akulondola ndi kuwasokoneza chithunzi amatchuka, n'zothekanso kuona ngati mwala ndi uniaxial kapena biaxial. (Chamawonedwe manja kamodzi popeza anapeza kulowelera chithunzi, ndi koposa kuona ngati mwala ndi zabwino kapena zoipa pogwiritsa
mbale chowonjezera umaperekedwa makamaka ndi cholinga kuti)
Polycrystalline
mchere amene aggregates ndi timibulu ting'onoting'ono watchedwa polycrystalline. timibulu ang'onoang'ono tingalipeze ntchito magnification, ndi zina mwa diso yekha (mwachitsanzo, pafupifupi ail jadeite yade)
mapasa Polysynthetic
onani mapasa lammelar
Potch (wamba opal)
yamkaka zinthu akusowa sewero mtundu lopangidwa muzochitika silika kukula wosiyana potero kupangitsa kuwala kwa zidzabalalika osati diffracted
inclusions Protogenetic
analipo inclusions. awo amene anali pamaso pa khamu galasi anayamba kupanga ndipo anali odzipereka 'wokonzeka anapanga' mu masika (mwachitsanzo, particles olimba ndi timibulu yaing'ono Iwo n'zomwe zoumbika mosiyanasiyana yatcheredwa lonse ndi amangofikira zokhudzana ndi khamu Crystal kapangidwe
Pseudomorph
ndi pseudomorph (mawonekedwe wonyenga) ndi mchere umene umakhala ndi (mawonekedwe) a mchere wina (kapena thunthu organic) chifukwa cha kutentha ndi / kapena mavuto kapena mankhwala njira, mwachitsanzo, diso nyalugwe a (khwatsi m'malo a crocidolite, mchere ndi asibesitosi); nkhuni sibu (a khwatsi m'malo nkhuni)
Poganizira
chinyezimiro ndi kubwerera ndi pamwamba pa (ngati internai kapena kunja) Ena mwa kuwunika kugwa padziko izo. Onaninso Malamulo Snell a
Refraction
refraction ndi kusintha mu dera limene kuwala amayenda pamene amapatsirana media wina ndi mzake zosiyanasiyana kachulukidwe kuwala (kupatula pamene kupanda padziko wamba media ziwiri 90 °). Monga kuwala amapatsirana ndi n'kukhala ndi lolemererapo sing'anga (mwachitsanzo, kwa mpweya mwala) ndi akuyese- cha wabwinobwino, Tikawonetsetsa monga chitadutsa ku lolemererapo kwa sing'anga n'kukhala ndi unakhota kuchokera wamba. Kuwala kachulukidwe ndi chuma zovuta amene atsimikiza yokha mu liwiro la kuwala. Onaninso Malamulo Snell a
Refractive Index (RI)
ndi RI ndi chiŵerengero yosavuta kuyerekeza kuwala kumayendera mu mpweya liwiro la kuwala sing'anga anapatsidwa. Muyezo ntchito kuyeza refractive Index ndi mpweya (mosamalitsa zingalowe); Choncho RI mpweya ankaona kuti 1.00
metamorphic Regional
ndi recrystallization wa okhutira mchere wa miyala analipo pa kutentha kuchuluka (700 ° -2000 ° C) ndi opanikizika
wachibale kachulukidwe
Onani yokoka enieni (SG)
adziwana dzulo yotsalira
adziwana dzulo yotsalira anthu amene adziwana dzulo osati chosakanikirana ndi zinthu zimene zimagwirizana kutipatsa perc-eived mtundu wa chinthu
utomoni wonunkhira
Onani luster
Rock
thanthwe tichipeza particles mchere umene wamkulu kapena kuti manowa pamodzi ndi mankhwala zako kapena akhala akapolo pamodzi ndi kutentha kapena chipsyinjo
machulukitsidwe
amanena za khalidwe kapena mphamvu ya mtundu ndinawona mu brilliancy kunachita miyala mandala faceted
Schiller
Onani Sheen
Scintillation
kunyezimira; kupereka pa wamfupi, cheza kuwala
Sectile
sectile amatanthauza zipangizo imapanga kuti katungulume ndi mpeni ndi odulidwa yosalala
miyala nyanja
amene anapanga ndi kumanga ndi chuma (m'dambo) amene linachokera ku thupi ndi mankhwala kuwonongedwa analipo miyala padziko lapansi
ngale mbewu
ngale ochepa kwambiri (osakwana v. tirigu / pafupifupi. 2mm) kuti mwachilengedwe anapanga mu minofu zofewa la mollusk chifukwa cha nkhondo ya mchenga, mazira ufulu akuyandama, majeremusi kapena matupi ena achilendo. ngale mbewu amakhala osasamba ndi mosabisa, koma pamene anthu osowa kuzungulira zimapezeka, iwo apatulidwa ntchito zodzikongoletsera. Onaninso Keshi ngale
kusankha mayamwidwe
kusankha mayamwidwe kuwala ndi yimitsira kapena mayamwidwe adziwana dzulo ena ochokera m'kupita kuwala chinthu kapena zimaonekera pa nkhope yake. Mtundu wa zotsatira nkhani otsala adziwana dzulo (yotsalira) kuti akafike diso
Sheen (kapena Schiller)
Sheen ndi shimmering kapena akakufunsani (anayala) chinyezimiro kwenikweni chifukwa cha kuwala akusonyeza kuchokera inclusions kapena mbali structural mkati mwala. The akuti zikuphatikizapo chatoyancy, asterism, adularescence, aventurescence, opalescence, iridescence (labrodrescence ndi sewero mtundu mu opal)
Silika (likhale)
mndandanda wa singano abwino kufanana (kawirikawiri rutile)
Single refractive
umatchedwanso isotropic. mchere umene kuonetsa yemweyo katundu kuwala mbali ail (mwachitsanzo, miyala dongosolo kiyubiki ndi chuma amorphous)
Malamulo Snell la refraction
pamene ray kuwala amapatsirana sing'anga ina pali chiŵerengero kotsimikizika pakati pa sine a mbali ya zochitika ndi sine a mbali ya refraction. Chochitika ray, ndi ray refracted ndi zachilendo (pa nsonga ya zochitika) ndi ail mu ndege chomwecho. The chiŵerengero yosatha pakati pa mbali ya zochitika ndi refraction TV ziwiri anakumana kuwala anaitanidwa ndi Snell ndi refractive Index (RI)
South Sea ngale
chimphona otukuka ngale, otukuka mu oysters siliva lipped ngale ndi awiri a 12 kapena 16mm. Zazikulu ngale yoyera kum'patsa dzina South Sea chifukwa poyambirira opangidwa ndi Japanese mu Microne-sia ndi Indonesia. Today ngale izi kawirikawiri opangidwa ku Australia ndi Burma, ndi Indonesia, Philippines, Papua New Guinea ndi Thailand monga magwero wosalemekezeka. Chibwenzi palibe bwino yokumba kumuthira mndandanda wa nkhono siliva lipped ngale, kutanthauza kuti kotunga oysters mayi yochepa ndi mitengo mogwirizana mkulu
Enieni yokoka (SG)
ndi SG kapena wachibale kachulukidwe zakuthupi ndi chiŵerengero pakati pa kulemera kwa chinthu ndi kulemera kwa Buku wofanana madzi woyera pa 4 ° C (madzi a pazipita kachulukidwe) ndi pa mavuto muyezo mumlengalenga. SG chokhudzana ndi mankhwala zikuchokera nkhaniyo komanso kulumikiza yapakati-atomiki (kwenikweni amakhala ndi moyo osati mwa kulemera atomiki la zinthu zosiyanasiyana chigawo komanso mmene ma atomu anayikidwa limodzi)
Spectroscope
chida chimene alekanitsa kunafika muuni wa kuwala adziwana dzulo lake constituent kapena mitundu sipekitiramu mwa prism kapena mapindidwe akuwala grating. The spectroscope umathandiza munthu kuti aone zigawo enieni (mizere kapena magulu) kapena madera (yotakata mayamwidwe) kuwala oyera chosakanikirana ndi mwala wamtengo wapatali mwa zimasweka kapena kufalitsa mu mlengalenga ngati kuwala yotsalira omwe opatsirana kapena anasonyeza ku mwala poyesedwa (osati ail miyala kusonyeza sipekitiramu osati ail spectrums zosawoneka ziri matenda koma mayamwidwe magulu kungasonyeze mitundu wothandizira kapena kukhalapo kwa zinthu zina)
Splintery
onani wovulala
chosokonekera
chosokonekera amatanthauza mosalekeza kapena muyezo wa mawonekedwe a ngale ndi a ku malo maso ndi mumbiri
inclusions Syngenetic
inclusions m'nthawi wopangidwa mwa zinthu zimene anali kuperekedwa pa nthawi yofanana ndi gulu crystai (mwachitsanzo, zolimba mchere; zakumwa mu cavities ndi ming'alu ya machiritso; zonal magulu; inclusions madzi. kuda kukula monga mtundu magawidwe ndi mapangidwe amapasa Pali kawirikawiri ndi analamula intergrowth pakati pa inclusions syngenetic ndi khamu galasi kuti awiri ibale ubale structural malamulo crystallographic
kupanga miyala yamtengo wapatali
mankhwala kupanga ali yemweyo mipweya, dongosolo atomiki ndi thupi katundu monga mnzake zake zachilengedwe (mwachitsanzo, kupanga emarodi, kupanga corundum, etc.)
opirira
zinafuna kapena kulimba ndi kulimbikira mwala kuswa kapena fracturing. Iwo chokhudzana ndi luso mchere kuyamwa zodabwitsa popanda kusokoneza kapangidwe internai. Terms anakumana ndi pankhaniyi monga Chimaona, sectile, malleable, kugawa zotanuka
mafilimu woonda
ankaona pansi kuwala mafilimu amenewa woonda ndi maonekedwe iridescent ankaikira wosanjikiza woonda mafuta pa madzi kapena osiyanasiyana padziko ndi sopo kuwira
Atatu gawo kulolerana
madzi odzazidwa patsekeke munali kuwira ndipo mibulu
kamvekedwe
kamvekedwe amatanthauza lightness wachibale kapena mdima anazindikira (kaya hue kapena woyera kuti wakuda)
Total chinyezimiro mkati
okwana chinyezimiro mkati amapezeka kumene, ray wa m'kupita kuwala kochokera ku lolemererapo kwa sing'anga n'kukhala pa ngodya ndi wamkulu kuposa mbali yapadera ndi anabwerera lolemererapo sing'anga kumene amamvera malamulo a chinyezimiro
kulimba
onani opirira
zinthu kusintha
dzina ntchito zina zinthu zachitsulo amene chifukwa dongosolo lawo atomiki, mavuto mayamwidwe kusankha kuwala miyala idiochromatic ndi allochromatic. Iwo ali chrome, cobalt, mkuwa, vanadium, manganese, chitsulo, faifi tambala ndi titaniyamu
zimafalitsa
pochitika (mwachitsanzo, kuwala) kwa sing'anga wina ndi mzake; kuti atumize (mwachitsanzo, mbendera) kapena kutumiza pa (e..g., kwa munthu wina ndi mzake)
Transparency
ufulu umene kuwala wadutsa kapena kudzera mwala. The madigiri zosiyanasiyana za chilungamo amapatsidwa monga: mandala (TP) kutanthauza chinthu mandala akuganizira ndipo zimatenga pang'ono kuwunika imagwera pa izo, koma zimathandiza kwambiri kudutsa. Chinthu ankaona kudzera mwala akuoneka bwino ndi osiyana. Sub-mandala (S-TP) kutanthauza yambiri kuwala imafalikira kudzera mwala, koma maonekedwe a chinthu mbali ina ya mwala sangathe kuwasiyanitsa. Sub-translucent (S-TL) -only pang'ono la kuunika akhoza kudutsa mwala pa m'mbali woonda. Opaque (0) -ail a kuwunika imagwera pa chinthu opaque mwina anasonyeza kapena odzipereka. No kuwala umadutsa chuma, ngakhale m'mbali woonda.
Treacle kulolerana
ndi kutentha yoweyula kapena roiled zotsatira-wisps ndi swirls a mtundu
amapasa galasi
mibulu amapasa ndi galasi limene linapangidwa Magawo awiri a galasi kapena timibulu awiri kapena kuposa a mtundu womwewo amene ali mwachindunji ubwenzi crystallographic wina ndi mnzake ndi wamkulu pamodzi m'njira zooneka (onani mapasa kukhudzana ndi mapasa interpenetrant)
gawo awiri kulolerana
madzi odzazidwa patsekeke munali kuwira kapena mibulu
Ultraviolet (UV)
ultraviolet zikutanthauza kupitirira violet. Izi osiyanasiyana cheza akuyamba ndi adziwana dzulo kuti ali wamfupi kusiyana ndi 400nm kuwala violet
miyala Uniaxial
mu hexagonal ndi trigonal ndi tetragonal kachitidwe galasi pali wina chamawonedwe olamulira (malangizo a refraction single): mchere la kachitidwe akudziwika ngati uniaxial (miyala uniaxial olamulira chamawonedwe likufanana ndi mphunzitsi ofukula 'C' olamulira)
Unit cell
unit selo ya kapangidwe galasi ndilo gawo laling'ono la mibulu imene adakali ndi katundu khalidwe la galasi la chimatchedwa unit selo. Mmene maselo unit zakhala zikuzunza m'miyoyo mwachibadwa mayi chimachititsa maonekedwe akunja a galasi ndi
chophimba kulolerana
kuwona nthenga kulolerana
kuwala looneka
looneka kuwala ndi maonekedwe a mphamvu chowala zimene zinagwira Timatha kuona. timaganiza aliyense cheza atomu kuti pafupifupi pakati 400nm ndi 700nm kumaoneka kuti maso athu monga kuwala
Vitreous
onani luster
timaganiza
timaganiza amati ndi mtunda pakati pa nsonga ziwiri mondondozana wa yoweyula kuti
Waxy
onani luster
White kuwala
kuwala woyera (wosakaniza kuwala) imakhala ya osakaniza pafupifupi wofanana mitundu yonse kapena adziwana dzulo amapanga looneka sipekitiramu (ofiira, achikasu, zobiriwira, buluu ndi violet). Mtundu wa kuwala zimakhala ndi kumadalira timaganiza za. mafunde Red ndi adziwana dzulo yaitali (700 + nm) ndipo zimenezi kumawononga mwa sipekitiramu kuti Violet adziwana dzulo, amene yaifupi (400nm pafupifupi 1 / 4 kutalika kwa kuwala wofiira)
zenera
mandala dera otsika mtundu kwambiri chifukwa cha kutayikira kuwunika amalola maziko kuseri mwala kuti muwonekere (werengani mwa zotsatira)
zircon kampira
onani kampira kulolerana
Zonal striae
khungu magulu


text:
Holm CHIKWANGWANI Economic Association pa chaka General Msonkhano (Msonkhano wapachaka) Sunday 12 June pa. 17.00 Conference pa matabwa magnate & Training Centre mu Österström. The County gulu loyang'anira kudzakhala kusankha ntchito yathu ndi 31 mulole (!), Choncho zotsatira za refunds mwachiyembekezo angathe kuperekedwa pa msonkhano wapachaka.
Mpata kulipira mangawa aliwonse apadera! Werengani zambiri apa.
amalipiritsa pachaka 100:- mpaka BG 500-0229. Lembani fastighetsbet. ndi kulengeza dzina.
Chifukwa ndi mfundo ina yofunika kwambiri yomwe zidzakulimbikitsani analengeza, m'pofunika kuti anthu onse amatha lipoti ku msonkhano wa pachaka.
matabwa magnate Free khofi ndi keke!
olandiridwa!
Werengani zambiri za kucheza ndi membala holmbygden.se/holmfiber.
Werengani zindikirani ndi zolinga.


text:
Kodi Anthu Akafa Amapita Kudziko la Mizimu?
Anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti munthu akamwalira amapita kumwamba kapena kumidima, koma zimenezi si zoona. Tikutero chifukwa cha zimene Baibulo limanena. Yehova Mulungu ndi amene analenga anthu ndipo amadziwa bwino zimene zimachitika munthu akamwalira.—Salimo 83:18; 2 Timoteyo 3:16.
Baibulo limanena kuti Mulungu analenga Adamu “kuchokera kufumbi” n’kumuika m’munda wa Edeni. (Genesis 2:7) Ngati Adamu akanamvera lamulo limene Yehova anamupatsa, sakanafa. Koma sanamvere ndipo Mulungu anati: ‘Udzabwerera kunthaka, pakuti n’kumene unatengedwa. Popeza ndiwe fumbi, kufumbiko udzabwerera.’—Genesis 3:19.
Kodi Adamu asanalengedwe kuchokera kufumbi, anali kuti? Iye kunalibeko komanso sanali mzimu kumwamba. Choncho pamene Yehova ankamuuza kuti “udzabwerera kunthaka,” ankatanthauza kuti adzafa. Iye atafa sanapite kudziko la mizimu ndipo sanakhalenso ndi moyo kwinakwake.
Kodi anthu ena amene anamwalira, nawonso kulibe? Baibulo limayankha kuti:
“Zonse [anthu komanso nyama] zimapita kumalo amodzi. Zonse zinachokera kufumbi ndipo zonse zimabwerera kufumbi.”—Mlaliki 3:20.
“Akufa sadziwa chilichonse.”—Mlaliki 9:5.
“Chikondi chawo, chidani chawo ndiponso nsanje yawo zatha kale.”—Mlaliki 9:6.
“Kulibe kugwira ntchito, kuganiza zochita, kudziwa zinthu, kapena nzeru, ku Manda kumene ukupitako.”—Mlaliki 9:10.
“Iye amabwerera kunthaka. Pa tsiku limenelo zonse zimene anali kuganiza zimatheratu.”—Salimo 146:4.
Kuti mumvetse bwino malembawa, taganizirani izi: M’mabanja ambiri bambo ndi amene amapeza ndalama kuti asamalire banja lake ndipo akamwalira banjalo limavutika kwambiri. Nthawi zina mkazi ndi ana ake amasowa chakudya. Mwinanso amazunzidwa ndi adani a bamboyo. Ndiyeno tingafunse kuti: ‘Ngati bamboyo ali ndi moyo kudziko la mizimu, n’chifukwa chiyani sapitiriza kusamalira banja lake? N’chifukwa chiyani sateteza banja lake kwa adani ake?’ Zonsezi ndi umboni wakuti zimene Baibulo limanena ndi zoona. Bamboyo salinso moyo ndipo sangachite chilichonse.—Salimo 115:17.
Kodi zimenezi zikutanthauza kuti anthu amene anamwalira sadzakhalanso ndi moyo? Ayi. M’mutu wina kutsogoloku tidzakambirana zoti akufa adzauka. Koma panopa anthu akufa sadziwa chilichonse. Iwo sangathe kutiona, kutimva kapena kutiyankhula. Sitiyenera kuwadalira kapena kuwaopa.—Mlaliki 9:4; Yesaya 26:14.


text:
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text:
Iwo akhoza kuchita chirichonse kuchokera kuimba nyimbo mumaikonda kutembenukira magetsi. Koma muyenera kupeza? Tingayese zitsanzo zinayi kutsogolera
Nkhaniyi lotchedwa “okamba anzeru: kalozera wogula ndi” linalembedwa ndi Samueli Gibbs, chifukwa The Observer Lamlungu 25 February 2018 09.30 UTC
Amazon Echo
Price: £ 89,99Amazon yachiwiri m'badwo Echo ndi Baibulo akonza chipangizo kuti anatulukira gulu lonse la oyankhula anzeru mu 2014. The Echo latsopano n'chochepa, bwino lili wooneka bwino, mu kusankha nsalu kapena matabwa akumaliza.
Zomwe zimawapangitsa Echo chachikulu Amazon ndi pafupifupi wothandizira, Alexa. A mphete za maikolofoni zisanu ndi ziwiri pamwamba akumvetsera kwa mumacheza Rute mawu - wofikira ali kokha "Alexa" - asanawatumizire zomwe mumanena kwa maseva Amazon ndi kutanthauzira. Alexa can almost always hear you including over music noise as loud as an extractor fan and from pretty far away.
Alexa has multi-user support, can answer quite a lot of questions, is excellent at interpreting what you say and has a plethora of built-in talents and third-party skills that can be plugged into it, making it the most rounded voice assistant available. It particularly excels at smart home control and music playback, with full voice control over Spotify, Amazon Music and TuneIn.
The new Echo also sounds better than the old one, with more bass and clarity, particularly at higher volumes. While it’s not the best in the bunch, it certainly punches above its weight for the price, able to fill a room with its 360-degree audio from a single 2.5in woofer and a 0.6in tweeter. Ngakhale ali ndi Audio kunja doko ndi Bluetooth kwa kulumikiza kwa okamba ndi kusonkhana nyimbo kapena ku Echo.
Amazon a Alexa app amatha kwambiri, ngati pang'ono aulesi, kupanga kuziika izo ndi kusintha zinthu zosavuta. Mabatani pamwamba pa buku, amachitila batani ndi batani osalankhula ndi lowonjezera ndi mphete Kuwala pozungulira pamwamba izo zikusonyeza zimene Alexa akuchita ndi kumene Echo akuganiza inu mukuyankhula kwa. Sowetsani ndi mics ndi mphete glows wofiira, amene titha kuona kuchokera ku chipinda.
Chigamulochi: Pa £ 90, ndizovuta kumenya Echo, ndi Alexa Kudzaupanga mtengo zabwino zonse chonse anzeru wokamba.
Apple HomePod
Price: £ 319 Kulowa zatsopano ndi HomePod Apple ndi, nazo, ndi iPhone osoka Pomaliza kujowina chipani zaka zoposa zitatu pambuyo Echo poyamba kugunda msika. The HomePod ndi lalikulu ndi mtengo kwambiri anzeru wolankhula gulu, ndi mauna lokutidwa yamphamvu ndi lathyathyathya pansi silikoni ndi glossy, kukhudza-tcheru chimbale pamwamba.
Ngakhale chachikulu, ndi wodzichepetsa kwambiri wa gulu ndi monga kunyumba pakati pa tebulo khitchini monga ali pa mantelpiece kapena bookshelf. kuchenjezedwa, Komabe: ndi silikoni phazi adzasiya woyera mphete kulembalemba nkhuni ankachitira. Pamwamba ali awiri chobisika mabatani voliyumu ndi malo multicolour kuwonetsera izo zikusonyeza pamene mtsikana wotchedwa Siri, Apulo ndi wothandizira mawu, akumvetsera kwa inu. Si zovuta kuona kudutsa chipinda ndi pamene mukhoza Letsani maikolofoni, there’s no visible indication that the HomePod isn’t listening any more.
The HomePod is arguably the best-sounding speaker in the bunch. It has an array of seven tweeters and one woofer that creates the most expansive soundscape you’re likely to find from a single speaker. It automatically adjusts to its surroundings, creating an immersive experience no matter where it’s placed in the room, with deep but tightly controlled bass and excellent separation, meaning nothing gets lost, even in the crescendo.
While it sounds good, Apple’s Siri just isn’t up to the same standard as Google’s Assistant or Amazon’s Alexa. It can hear you as well as the best of them, but understanding you is a different matter. Siri gets what you’re trying to say around 70% nthawi, amene angathe kukhumudwa kwambiri, pamene mphamvu yake mafunso kugwira ntchito si monga zabwino. Palibe Mipikisano wosuta nkhani thandizo, mwina, kutanthauza ndi zochepa zosavuta kuti ndi mu banja.
The HomePod komanso amangogwira pa Apple Music kapena iTunes machesi, kutanthauza palibe Spotify nzika kapena ngakhale wailesi kupitirira ukugunda 1. Music ungathe kutumizidwa kwa iwo kudzera AirPlay kwa chipangizo ndi iOS, Mac kapena iTunes pa PC ndi, koma zipangizo Android ali kunja ndipo palibe Bluetooth kapena mzere-pothandizira. A chipangizo chamakono iOS n'chofunikanso kuyika HomePod, kutanthauza ndi kwa onse ogwiritsa-Apple okha.
Chigamulochi: Zimamveka kwambiri koma mtsikana wotchedwa Siri, zamalumikizidwe ndi nyimbo thandizo utumiki mmbuyo mpikisano.
Google Home
Price: £ 129 Google Home anzeru wokamba ndi ang'onoang'ono, chubbier chipangizo kuposa ena. M'malo mokhala yamphamvu ngati Echo kapena HomePod, ndi Home zikuwoneka ngati mbiya ndi woyera, zofewa-kukhudza, woyera pulasitiki pamwamba ndi nsalu m'munsi (kubisala wokamba limodzi ndi radiators awiri chabe).
Wonse wa gululi pamwamba ndi kukhudza-tcheru. Dinani pakati kuti yambitsa Google Wothandizira ndi Yendetsani chala chala chanu mu mwaulesi zozungulira kusintha mphamvu ya. batani A kumbuyo mutes maikolofoni. Anamubisa pansi pa Pamwamba ndi mphete za LEDs, amene kuyatsa kukusonyezani inu chimene chikuchitika, kupanga dongosolo kukuzungulira pamene Wothandizira ndi kuyankha kapena younikira mpaka chikasu pamene mics ndi Aletsedwa.
Google Home ali mics ziwiri pamwamba kuti athe Wothandizira kumva inu wokongola bwino, pa kwambiri phokoso ndi nyimbo, koma osati kwambiri komanso Echo. Wothandizira waika chimodzimodzi luso Amazon a Alexa ndi bwino chinenero zachilengedwe kuzindikira kupezeka - ngati inu mudzasokoneza funso lanu, Wothandizira adzakhala bwinobwino kugwira ntchito zimene inu mukuyesera kuti ndikufunseni, pamene ena amalephera. Lilinso Mipikisano wosuta thandizo, kuzindikira mawu osiyana ndi kupanga zosavuta kuti nyimbo ku laibulale wanu kapena mfundo pakalendala yanu.
Wothandizira ali lalikulu mudziwe Nawonso achichepere, kupanga izo kuposa ena onse pa chidziwitso ambiri, kugwa kumbuyo kwa ukonde kuti mumve zambiri, koma lachitatu chipani chake mapulogalamu ndi ulamuliro anzeru kunyumba kwanthawi pang'ono m'mbuyo Alexa.
Kulira kwa Home m'malo lachindunji kuposa Echo, zipolopolo kuchokera kutsogolo. Iwo ali ndi wambirimbiri yoimba ndi mukhoza kupeza wokongola akulu chifukwa cha nkhani yaing'ono, koma sichidziwika bwino kuposa Echo. Palibe Bluetooth kapena zitsulo analogue, koma akhoza natively kusewera nyimbo Spotify kapena Music Google Play kapena kulandira nyimbo kudzera Bluetooth kapena Google Ndikutaya.
Chigamulochi: kumvetsa Google Wothandizira ndi mwayi nkhani chosasimbika koma Home ndi odula koposa Echo.
Sonos wina
Price: £ 199 The Sonos wina akulonjeza kuti kukhala wodziŵa ntchito zonse. Sonos anatenga chachikulu Play:1 bookshelf wokamba, anawonjezera kukhudza-tcheru pamwamba ndi mabatani kwa voliyumu ndi kubwezeretsa ndi perforated ndi mabowo kwa khamu zisanu cholankhulira pamwamba. Motero, Mmodzi ndi pakhomo pa bookshelf kapena ofanana kuposa pakati pa tebulo, monga woofer ake limodzi ndi tweeter nkhope patsogolo osati projecting phokoso mbali zonse.
Wosiyana oyankhula ena mu gulu ili, Mmodzi ikhoza kuthandiza mawu kuposa wina wothandizira. Pompano, nkhani ndi Amazon a Alexa, koma kampaniyo akugwira ntchito pa Google Wothandizira kusakanikirana kwambiri.
Iwo akhoza kumva inu bwino ndipo ali LEDs ziwiri pamwamba. Mmodzi limasonyeza kaya mics ali ndi kung'anima zina pamene Alexa akugwira ntchito. Mosiyana ndi enawo, Mmodzi komanso akupanga beep pamene Alexa akamva anadzuka mawu, zimveke kuuza kuchokera ku chipinda kuti akumvetsera. Mmodzi amathandiza kwambiri magwiridwe Alexa a, kuphatikizapo luso onse, wanzeru ulamuliro kunyumba ndi wothandizira mbali, kuphatikiza zonse ulamuliro mawu a Spotify, Amazon Music and TuneIn, koma sadziwa mawu maitanidwe ndi buku losasindikiza kubwezeretsa.
Komanso mosiyana ndi enawo, Mmodzi angathe kugwirizana ngati WiFi wokamba popanda Alexa. The app Sonos integrates pafupifupi utumiki nyimbo pansi pano, kuphatikizapo Apple Music, mu malo amodzi kusakidwa, kapena mungagwiritse ntchito Spotify Connect nyimbo. Palibe Bluetooth kapena analogue zomvetsera thandizo, Komabe. Mukhozanso tweak phokoso kukonda kwanu mu pulogalamuyi ndi kuchita zimene Sonos adzaitana Trueplay ikukonzekera ntchito chipangizo iOS kuti konza kulira kwa chipinda.
Mmodzi zikumveka kwambiri pamene wokamba munthu, koma zikumveka bwino mu nsapato sitiriyo, ndipo akhoza kumagwirizana wina wa Sonos akulu okamba chifukwa Mipikisano chipinda zomvetsera.
Chigamulochi: Izi kwambiri ovuta wokamba ndi Alexa ndi kasakanizidwe lolimba kumenya.
guardian.co.uk © Guardian News & Media Limited 2010


text:
1. Zojambula zosangalatsa za nthambi mtengo chithunzithunzi cha kumbuyo kwa madzi kwa Madona okongola
2. Kuthamanga mbalame yosangalatsa zojambula zam'madzi pambuyo kwa amayi omwe ali ndi ufulu
3. Catchy Ink explosion imatulutsa chizindikiro cha atsikana
4. Hatchi yakuda yamitundu yambiri ndi mapiko zolemba kumbuyo kwa Akazi okonda
5. Mitengo yamitengo yambiri yomwe imakhala ndi mapiramidi
6. Zozizwitsa zamtundu wa Neo zamasamba zam'madzi zojambula zojambulajambula zojambula zojambulajambula kwa akazi okongola
7. Madzi okongola othamanga mbalame zam'mbuyo zojambula zizindikiro za okondedwa a mbalame
8. Azimayi akusangalala kwambiri okongola mbalame mbalame zam'madzi potengera nsalu zojambulajambula
9. Mbalame yamtima mwaulere mawu otsekemera zizindikiro pambuyo kwa akazi
10. Mtengo wamagetsi wamtengo wapatali wotsekemera nsomba zojambula kwa atsikana okongola
11. Zojambula zojambulajambula za flamingo mbalame zojambula zojambulajambula pamsana wa Atsikana
12. Zolembedwa pamasewera a chikasu obiriwira pinakaniza zojambula zojambula pambuyo kwa okonda nyimbo zazimayi
13. Mtengo wokongola wokhala ndi zozungulira zojambulajambula pamsana kwa Atsikana ndi amayi
14. Njovu yokongola kwambiri yokongola imatulutsa mtima wamtundu wam'mbuyo
15. Kunena zoona maloto otopa maloto kwa amayi olemekezeka kumbuyo
16. Zithunzi zojambula zakutchire zokongola Maluwa ndi mawu pa phesi la Mtsikana
17. Kusangalatsa kumbuyo zojambulajambula za Tiger ndi mbewa kwa Akazi
18. Kuthamanga flamboyant kuthawa mbalame maluwa kumbuyo tattoo maganizo kwa Madona
19. Akuda kwambiri kwambiri gulugufe zojambula zojambulajambula za atsikana ndi akazi
20. Zosangalatsa kwambiri mphaka mwezi umaphatikizapo madzi odzola kubwereza zizindikiro za akazi
21. Maluwa a maluwa okongoletsera omwe amajambula zojambulajambula
22. Maluwa a Mulungu wobiriwira maluwa akuluakulu okhala ndi phesi kumbuyo
23. Chisomo Chokoma Choyendetsa Maso a Maso a Mbalame Mbalame zam'madzi zojambula maluwa zojambulajambula pambuyo kwa amayi okongola


text:
Anthu Okwatirana Komanso Mabanja
Baibulo lomwe ndi buku la anthu onse limapereka malangizo omwe angathandize kuti banja lanu likhale losangalala komanso kuti mulere bwino ana anu.
Mu chigawo chino, tasintha maina a anthu ena omwe tawagwira mawu.
BANJA LANU LIKHOZA KUKHALA LOSANGALALA
Zimene Mungachite Kuti Muzigwirizana ndi Achibale
N’zotheka kulemekeza makolo anu popanda kusokoneza banja lanu.
BANJA LANU LIKHOZA KUKHALA LOSANGALALA
Zimene Mungachite Kuti Muzigwirizana ndi Achibale
N’zotheka kulemekeza makolo anu popanda kusokoneza banja lanu.
Kupeza Komanso Kukhala pa Chibwenzi
Banja
Kulankhulana
Kulera Ana
Kulera Ana Achinyamata
Mabuku
Banja Lanu Likhoza Kukhala Losangalala
Mukhoza kukhala ndi banja losangalala mukamatsatira mfundo za m’Baibulo.


text:
3
Kodi Ndingatani Kuti Ndizilankhulana Bwino ndi Makolo Anga?
KODI MUKANAKHALA INUYO MUKANATANI?
Taganizirani izi: Ndi Lachitatu madzulo ndipo mnyamata wina wazaka 17, dzina lake Geoffrey wamaliza kugwira ntchito zapakhomo. Iye akuona kuti tsopano ndi nthawi yoti apume n’kumaonera TV.
Choncho akuyatsa TV n’kukhala pampando. Koma nthawi yomweyo bambo ake akutulukira ndipo akuoneka kuti akudabwa ndiponso sakusangalala.
Bambowo akunena kuti: “Geoff! Ukutani apa m’malo moti uzikamuthandiza mng’ono wako kulemba homuweki? Iwe koma umamva?”
Geoffrey akunena chapansipansi kuti : “Ehe zayambika.”
Bambowo akunena kuti: “Geoff wati chani?”
Geoffrey akuyankha kuti: “Palibe.”
Bambo ake akwiya koopsa ndipo akunena kuti: “Usadzandilankhulenso choncho wamva?”
Kodi mukanakhala Geoffrey mukanatani kuti zoterezi zisachitike?
MFUNDO YOFUNIKA KUIGANIZIRA
Kulankhulana ndi makolo anu tingakuyerekezere ndi kuyendetsa galimoto. Ngati mutapeza kuti msewu watsekedwa, mukhoza kungodzera msewu wina. Msewu ukatsekedwa mukhoza kupeza njira ina imene mungadutse. Choncho n’zothekanso kupeza njira ina yolankhulirana ndi makolo anu
CHITSANZO:
Mtsikana wina dzina lake Leah anati: “Bambo anga ndi ovuta. Nthawi zina ndikamawafotokozera zinazake ndimangowamva akuti: ‘Ee? Ukuti chiyani?’”
PALI NJIRA ZITATU ZIMENE LEAH ANGATSATIRE.
YOYAMBA. Kuwalusira bambo akewo.
Leah akunena mopsa mtima kuti, “Kodi simukumvetsera bwanji? Mukuona ngati ndi nkhani yaing’ono?”
YACHIWIRI. Kusiya kulankhula nawo.
Leah wangosiya kuwafotokozera nkhaniyo.
YACHITATU. Kudikira kaye n’kudzakambirana nawo nthawi ina.
Leah akupeza nthawi ina yabwino n’kulankhula nawo kapena akungowalembera kalata yowafotokozera zimene amafuna kuwauza.
Kodi inuyo mukuganiza kuti njira yabwino imene Leah angatsatire ndi iti?
TAGANIZIRANI IZI: Bambo a Leah atanganidwa ndi zinazake ndiye sakudziwa mmene Leah akumvera mumtima mwake. Leah atasankha Njira Yoyambayi, bambo akewo sangadziwe chifukwa chimene walusira ndipo sangamve zimene amafuna kuwauza. Komanso zingasonyeze kuti salemekeza bambo akewo. (Aefeso 6:2) Choncho, njira imeneyi singathandize ngakhale pang’ono.
Njira Yachiwiriyi ikhoza kukhala yosavuta koma si yanzeru. Tikutero chifukwa chakuti popanda kuwafotokozera vuto lakelo, iwo sangadziwe zimene zikumuchitikira ndipo sangamuthandize. Choncho, kusiya kulankhula nawo n’kosathandiza.
Koma potsatira Njira Yachitatu, Leah sakulola kuti kusamvetsera kwa bambo ake kumupangitse kuti asalankhule nawonso. M’malomwake iye wasankha kulankhula nawo pa nthawi ina. Ndipo kulembera kalata bambo akewo kungathandize kuti iyeyo ayambe kumva bwino.
Kulemba kalata kungathandizenso kuti afotokoze bwinobwino vuto lake. Bambo ake akawerenga kalatayo akhoza kumvetsa maganizo ake komanso mmene akumvera mumtima mwake. Choncho Njira Yachitatu ndi yothandiza kwa Leah komanso kwa bambo akewo. Kaya alankhula nawo pamasom’pamaso kapena alemba kalata, ndiye kuti watsatira malangizo a m’Baibulo akuti “titsatire zinthu zobweretsa mtendere.”—Aroma 14:19.
Kodi pali njira zinanso zimene Leah angatsatire?
Ganizirani njira imodzi. Kenako ganizirani zimene zingachitike atatsatira.
MUZISAMALA POLANKHULA NDI MAKOLO ANU
Dziwani kuti mukhoza kunena zinthu zina, makolo anu n’kumva zina.
MWACHITSANZO:
Makolo anu akufunsani kuti ‘Wakhumudwa ndi chiyani?’ Ndiyeno inu n’kuyankha kuti, “Palibe.”
Makolo anuwo angaganize kuti mukutanthauza zoti “Sindingakuuzeni chifukwa sindimakukhulupirirani. Ndikauza anzanga chifukwa ndi amene angandithandize.”
Ndiye tiyerekeze kuti muli ndi vuto linalake ndipo makolo anu akufuna kukuthandizani. Koma inuyo mukuti: “Musadandaule. Ndithana nazo ndekha.”
Kodi makolo anu angaganize chiyani?
Kodi yankho labwino lingakhale loti chiyani?