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KMS10 Pony kusinthidwa ndi Baibulo KMS10 atsopano, Baibulo latsopanoli amathandiza Win10 RTM boma Baibulo ndi buku boma la Office 2016, amathandiza Win8.1 / 8/7 / Vista, WinServer 2012 R2 / 2012/2008 R2 / 2008, Office 2013/2010 Mumakonda, bwino basi watsopano imeneyi. mbali : Support 127 mitundu ya mankhwala Microsoft, zosakwana 1m kukula, komabe ... Werengani zambiri »
HEU KMS Activator HEU KMS Activator is a no network to activate Windows 10, Mawindo 8.1, Mawindo 8, Mawindo 7 (Ogwira ntchito Edition / Professional), Office 2013 (VL Baibulo), Office 2010 (VL Baibulo) chida. Amene ali limodzi executable wobiriwira zida pambuyo ntchito dongosolo popanda zotsalira, tingathe fufutidwa mwachindunji. This tool is Zhibi and… Werengani zambiri »
Microsoft Toolkit Microsoft Toolkit is a set of tools and functions for managing licensing, deploying, ndipo activating Microsoft Office ndi Mawindo. Onse ikhoza awa ntchito chimaonetsedwa mu Information Kutitonthoza. Onse ntchito ndi kuthamanga chapansipansi ndi GUI Wolumala kuteteza kuthamanga angapo ntchito, as they could conflict or cause damage if run concurrently.… Werengani zambiri »
KMSpico Mawindo 10 ndi Office 16 Activator KMSPico is the most successful, pafupipafupi kusinthidwa ndi 100% woyera chida kalekale yambitsa aliyense buku la Mawindo ndi Microsoft ofesi mkati nkhani ya masekondi. KMSpico is a community developed tool to programmatically activate Microsoft products such as Windows & Office popanda kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama chilolezo. It is the most trusted windows… Werengani zambiri »


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Kukhala ndi yopangidwa patenti mu 1970s ndi HOFFMANN-La Roche, Aniracetam chapangidwa ndi kaphatikizidwe 2- Pyrrolidone ndi Anisoyl kolorayidi pamaso pa Triethylamine. Aniracetam ndi mafuta sungunuka mankhwala ndi chidziwitso utithandize katundu, choimira cha mankhwala odziwika monga nootropic. Adzaupereka kwa banja mankhwala otchedwa racetams, ndiponso wa ampakine mankhwala kalasi, gulu la mankhwala odziwika ntchito pa AMPA zolandilira mu ubongo. Dinani apa kugula Aniracetam Intaneti.
Aniracetam ali ambiri ofanana phindu monga kuloŵedwa m'malo, Piracetam, koma amati kwambiri mankhwala amphamvu pa kukula kukumbukira ndi chidziwitso maluso. Aniracetam nayenso wakhala asonyeza kuchepetsa nkhawa ndi chitetezo chokhwima.
Dziko Latsopano
Aniracetam ndi Ubongo
Mu maphunziro, Aniracetam anasonyezedwa kuti athe zonse ubongo wa AMPA zolandilira. Pochita, izo bwino ubongo wa luso logwiritsa ntchito glutamate. Glutamate n'kofunika kuti ubongo monga zimathandiza kulenga latsopano synaptic kugwirizana pakati pa manyuroni ndi kulimbitsa zatsopano ndi alipo synaptic kugwirizana. Zimenezi zimathandiza ubongo kupanga latsopano kukumbukira ndi kuphunzira zinthu zatsopano.
Aniracetam wakhalanso anakuwerengerani mmene ubongo amagwiritsa choline. Aniracetam kumathandiza pa choline zolandilira, amene ali ndi udindo kupanga Acetylcholine. Mofanana glutamate, acetylcholine M'pofunikanso kuti chilengedwe cha latsopano synapses ndi kulimbikitsa alipo synapses. Kupanga ndi kulimbitsa synapses n'kofunika kuti tikhalebe ubongo achinyamata, popewa Alzheimer ndi zina zaka zokhudzana chidziwitso nkhani, ndipo utithandize kukumbukira ndi kuphunzira luso. Aniracetam angathandize ubongo timakumbukira kale anaphunzira zambiri ndipo aziyankha ndende ndi cholinga. Werengani Dzina Reviews wa Aniracetam kuno.
Kukweza Memory ndi Matenda
Aniracetam kumapangitsa munthu choline zolandilira, kuwonjezeka ndende ndi mphamvu mu ubongo, ndipo kuthamanga pamwamba kukumbukira processing. Sikuti Aniracetam bwanji m'madera yokumbukira ndi kuphunzira, koma amathandizanso kuteteza motsutsa Alzheimer a, Parkinson ndi oziziritsa infarction. Aniracetam kungathandizenso bwino kugona ndi kuchepetsa nkhawa ndi maganizo. Kafukufuku akusonyeza Aniracetam N'kuthekanso kuthandiza odwala sitiroko achire mosavuta.
Pali umboni wosonyeza kuti Aniracetam akanakhoza Iwenso motsutsana excitotoxicity, ndi njira imene mitsempha maselo owonongeka chifukwa cha kumwetsa kukondoweza komanso bwino kagayidwe ndipo kumachepetsa mapangidwe ufulu ankafuna kusintha zinthu mopitirira. Pamene manyuroni ndi kuonongeka, Aniracetam amalimbikitsa amasulidwe ochepetsera timene kuti alepheretse manyuroni kuti zinasokhezera, kapena anasangalala, koma ena timene.
Kuteteza Ubongo
Mu matenda maphunziro, Aniracetam taphunzira kale kuteteza motsutsana kuyiwala, tipititse kuzindikira, ndi bwino ndende, zilandiridwenso ndi tcheru ndi bwino kulankhulana awiriwa hemispheres ya ubongo. Onani wathu wonse kalozera pa njira yabwino kutenga Aniracetam.
Mmene Aniracetam ntchito kuchepetsa nkhawa si kwathunthu bwino. Mmodzi chiphunzitso ndi kuti Aniracetam kumachepetsa nkhawa chifukwa cha zotsatira zake pa GABA yopanga. Komabe, Aniracetam doesn’t have the sedative properties of other drugs that have similar effects on GABA production. Pamene zimenezi pang'ono kufotokoza odana ndi nkhawa zotsatira za Aniracetam, utumiki aone kuti pali mwina zocholoŵana koposa ndipo zidzaonekera poyera kudzera mudziwe. Angapo makampani opanga mankhwala kale ntchito pa.
Malipoti a zoyipa sakhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa
Monga mankhwala osokoneza, Aniracetam ali ochepa angathe mavuto. Ambiri mavuto ndi nkhawa komanso kusowa tulo, pamene locheperako mavuto monga mutu, kunyansidwa komanso kutsekula. Mu kwambiri anthu amenewa mbali kwenikweni ndi kuchepa monga thupi limakhala amakonda mankhwala. Mu milandu, Sikuti kusiya ntchito. Ngati mavuto apitiriza, muyenera kusiya ntchito. Mukhoza kuyesa kachiwiri mu masiku pang'ono, kuyambira ndi apansi mlingo.
The ananena mlingo wa Aniracetam ndi 750mg kawiri pa tsiku. Aniracetam ndi mafuta sungunuka, choncho nthawi zonse anatengedwa ndi chakudya kapena mkaka. Cholanda ndi nsomba kapena flaxseed mafuta aziyankha zotsatira zake. Aniracetam amakhala zabwino kwa zaka ziwiri ndipo ziyenera kusungidwa pa malo ouma firiji.

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Shivam kutanthauzira dzina labwino: Wochezeka, Yogwira, Wokondwa, Zovuta, Zamakono. Pezani Shivam kutanthauza dzina.
Wouters kutanthauza dzina labwino kwambiri: Kumvetsera, Zovuta, Wokonda, Kulenga, Yogwira. Pezani Wouters kutanthauzira dzina.
Wouters chiyambi. Means "son of Wouter". Pezani Wouters chiyambi.
Dzina lomaliza Wouters lofala kwambiri Belgium, Netherlands. Pezani Wouters kutchulidwa dzina lakutchulidwa.
Mayina ogwirizana a Wouters m'mayiko ndi zinenero zosiyanasiyana: Walter, Walters, Walterson, Waltersson, Walther, Waltz, Waters, Watkins, Watson, Watt, Watts, Welter, Wolter. Pezani Wouters muzinenero zina.
Mayina ambiri omwe ali ndi dzina Shivam: Garg, Shrivastava, Sharma, Tripathi, Goel. Pezani Mndandanda wa mayina omwe ali ndi dzina Shivam.
Mayina ambiri omwe ali nalo dzina Wouters: Felicita, Rodrigo, Jamar, Kenneth, Leland. Pezani Maina omwe amapita ndi Wouters.
Kugwirizana kwa Shivam ndi Wouters ndi 75%. Pezani Kugwirizana kwa Shivam ndi Wouters.


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MSOLO WACIKHUMI NA CISERE
Batismo na Uxamwali Bwanu na Mulungu
Kodi Batismo Yacikristau imbacitika tani?
Kodi ni bzinthu bziponi bzomwe mun’funika kucita kuti muthemere kubatizidwa?
Kodi munthu ambabzipereka tani kwa Mulungu?
Kodi thangwe likulu lakubatizidwa ndiponi?
1. Thangwe ranyi nduna ya ku Etiyopia idakumbira kuti ibatizidwe?
‘ONANI madziya! N’ciyani cin’ndiletsa kuti ndibatizidwe?’ Mbvunzo umweyu udacitidwa na nduna ya ku Etiyopia mu magole dzana yakuyambirira. Mkristau wakucemeredwa Firipi akhadamuuza kuti Jezu akhali Mesiya wakupiciridwa. Pomwe adatokonyedwa mu mtima na bzomwe akhadapfunza mu Bzinembo, mwamuna wa ku Etiyopiayu adafuna kuphatisa basa bzomwe adapfunzabzo. Iye adalatiza kuti akhafunisisa kubatizidwa!
2. Thangwe ranyi mun’funika kuwona batismo kukhala cinthu cakufunika kwene-kwene?
2 Penu imwepo mudapfunza misolo yakuyambirira ya m’bukhu lino na m’bodzi wa Mboni za Yahova, pinango mungabzibvunzembo kuti: ‘N’ciyani cinkundiletsa kubatizidwa?’ Tsapano imwepo mwapfunza mapiciro ya m’Bibliya pakulewa bza moyo wakusaya kumala m’Paraizo. (Luka 23:43; Cibvumbulutso 21:3, 4) Imwepo mudapfunzambo bza mkhalidwe wacadidi wa anyakufa na cidikhiro ca cilamuso. (Mpalizi 9:5; Juwau 5:28, 29) Imwepo pinango mumbatsonkhana na Mboni za Yahova pa mitsonkhano yawo ya gwere ndipo mudabziwonera mwekha momwe ambanamatira mu njira yacadidi. (Juwau 13:35) Cakufunika kwene-kwene n’cakuti imwepo muyambe kukulisa uxamwali bwanu na Yahova Mulungu.
3. (a) Kodi Jezu adapereka lamulo liponi kuna ateweri wace? (b) Kodi kubatizidwa m’madzi kumbacitika tani?
3 Kodi mungalatize tani kuti mukufuna kutumikira Mulungu? Jezu adauza ateweri wace kuti: ‘Ndokoni mukapfunzise wanthu wa mitundu yense, muciwabatiza.’ (Mateu 28:19) Jezu caiyeyo adapereka ciratizo mwa kubatizidwa m’madzi. Iye alibe kundothiridwa ayai kundowaziridwa madzi mu msolo mwace. (Mateu 3:16) Fala lakuti “kubatiza” lidacokera ku fala la Cigirego lomwe limbathandauza “kumiza m’madzi.” Batismo Lacikristau limbathandauza kumiza thupi lense m’madzi.
4. Kodi kubatizidwa m’madzi kumbaimira ciyani?
4 Kubatizidwa m’madzi n’kwakufunika kuna wense womwe an’funa kukhala pa uxamwali na Yahova Mulungu. Batismo imbalatiza padeca cikhumbo canu ca kufuna kutumikira Mulungu. Bzimwebzi bzimbalatiza kuti munkukomedwa kucita bzomwe Yahova an’funa. (Psalymo 40:7, 8) Kuti muthemere kubatizidwa, pana bzinthu bzinango bzomwe mun’funika kucita.
MPSAKUFUNIKA CIDZIWISO NA CIKHULUPIRO
5. (a) Kodi ni mbali yakuyambirira iponi yomwe munthu angacite kuti athemere kubatizidwa? (b) Thangwe ranyi mitsonkhano ya gwere njakufunika?
5 Imwepo mwayamba kale kucita mbali yakuyambirira. Mwa njira iponi? Mwafika pakudziwa Yahova Mulungu na Jezu Kristu, pinango mwa kucita makonzedwe ya kupfunza Bibliya. (Werengani Juwau 17:3.) Tsono pana bzinthu bzizinji bzomwe mun’funika kupfunza. Wakristau wan’funika ‘kukhala wakudzala na cidziwiso caico ca kufuna kwace [Mulungu].’ (Wakoloso 1:9) Kufika pa mitsonkhano ya gwere ya Mboni za Yahova kun’dzakuthandizani kukwanisa mbali imweyi. Mpsakufunika kwene-kwene kumbafika pa mitsonkhano imweyi. (Wahebereu 10:24, 25) Mukambafika pa mitsonkhano nthawe zense bzin’dzakuthandizani kumudziwa bwino Mulungu.
6. Kodi mun’funika kudziwa bzinthu bziponi bza m’Bibliya kuti muthemere kubatizidwa?
6 Imwepo mun’funika lini kudziwa bzinthu bzense bza m’Bibliya kuti muthemere kubatizidwa. Nduna ya ku Etiyopia ikhana cidziwiso cakucepa, koma ikhafunika kuthandizidwa kubvesesa mbali zinango za m’Bibliya. (Mabasa 8:30, 31) Tenepo, pana bzizinji bzomwe mun’funika kupfunza. Imwepo mun’dzafunika lini kulekeza kupfunza bza Mulungu. (Mpalizi 3:11) Mukanati kubatizidwa, imwepo mun’funika kudziwa mucibvuma bzipfunziso bzakuyambirira bza m’Bibliya. (Wahebereu 5:12) Bzipfunziso bzimwebzi bzimbaphatanidza kudziwa cadidi pakulewa bza mkhalidwe wa anyakufa na kufunika kwa dzina la Mulungu na Umambo bwace.
7. Kodi pfunziro la Bibliya lingakuthandizeni tani?
7 Cidziwiso pa cokha n’cakukwanira lini, thangwe ‘mwakusaya cikhulupiro bzingakwanisike lini kukondwesa Mulungu.’ (Wahebereu 11:6) Bibliya limbatiuza kuti wanthu winango wa mzinda wakale wa Kolinto adatetekera mafala Yacikristau, ndipo iwo ‘wadayamba kukhulupira ndipo wadabatizidwa.’ (Mabasa 18:8) Mpsibodzi-bodzimbo, mwa kupfunza Bibliya mun’dzakhala na cikhulupiro pa Fala lakufuliziridwa la Mulungu. Pfunziro la Bibliya lin’dzakuthandizani kukhala na cikhulupiro pa mapiciro ya Mulungu na kuti mugumane cipulumuso mwa mphanvu ya nsembe ya Jezu.
GAWANANI CADIDI CA M’BIBLIYA NA WINANGO
8. N’ciyani comwe cin’dzakucitisani kuuzambo winango bzomwe mudapfunza?
8 Pomwe cikhulupiro cin’kukula mu mtima mwanu, imwepo mun’dzawona kuti bzin’dzakhala bzakunesa kundokoya mu mtima bzomwe mudapfunzabzo. (Jeremiya 20:9) Mun’dzakhala na cikhumbo cakulimba ca kufuna kuuza winango pakulewa bza Mulungu na cakulinga cace.
9, 10. (a) Kodi mungayambe kuuza mbani cadidi ca m’Bibliya? (b) Kodi n’ciyani comwe mungacite penu mun’funa kuphata basa lakupalizira pabodzi na Mboni za Yahova?
9 Imwepo mungayambe kuuza winango cadidi ca m’Bibliya mwa luso, kwa wanthu ninga wacibale, axamwali, wanthu womwe mumbakhala nawo pafupi, na anzanu wakubasa. Kuyenda kwa nthawe, mungafune kuphata basa lakupalizira pabodzi na Mboni za Yahova. Penu n’tenepo, khalani wakutsudzuka kuuza Mboni yomwe imbapfunza namwe Bibliya. Mukakhala kuti mun’kuthemera kutenga mbali pa basa lakupalizira, pan’dzacitidwa makonzedwe yakuti imwepo pabodzi na munthu omwe ambakupfunzisani mugumane na akulu awiri wa gwere.
10 Bzimwebzi bzin’dzakucitisani kudziwa akulu winango Wacikristau, womwe ambausa mabira ya Mulungu. (Mabasa 20:28; 1 Pedru 5:2, 3) Penu akulu amwewa an’dzawona kuti mun’kubvesesa na kukhulupira bzipfunziso bzakuyambirira bza m’Bibliya, mun’kukhala na moyo mwakubverana na mitemo ya Mulungu, ndipo mun’kufunadi kukhala m’bodzi wa Mboni za Yahova, iwo an’dzakuuzani kuti mun’kuthemera kutumikira ninga mpalizi wakusaya kubatizidwa wa bzipsa bzabwino.
11. Kodi winango angafunike kucinja ciyani pomwe akanati kuthemera kuyenda mu utumiki bwakumunda?
11 Kuthumizira bzimwebzi, imwepo mun’funika kucinja bzinthu bzinango pa moyo wanu kuti muthemere kumbayenda mu utumiki bwakumunda. Bzimwebzi bzimbaphatanidza kusiya kucita bzinthu bzinango bzomwe mukhacita mwakabisira. Tenepo, mukanati kukumbira kuti mukhale mpalizi wakusaya kubatizidwa, mun’funika kusiyiratu pikado zikulu-zikulu, ninga unzazi, kuledzera, na kuphatisa basa mankhwala yakudzungulumwisa msolo.
KUKUNGULA NA KUZUNGUNUKA
12. Thangwe ranyi kukungula n’kwakufunika?
12 Pana mbali zinango zomwe mun’funika kucita mukanati kuthemera kubatizidwa. Mpostolo Pedru adati: ‘Kungulani mucizungunuka kuti pikado zanu zipfudzidwe.’ (Mabasa 3:19) Kukungula ndiko kusiyiratu na mtima wense bzinthu bzinango bzomwe mukhacita. Kukungula kwakufunika maka-maka penu munthu akhana moyo wa unzazi, koma kungakhalembo kwakufunika napo kwa munthu omwe ambakhala na makhalidwe ya moyo wakucena. Thangwe ranyi? Thangwe rakuti wanthu wense ana pikado ndipo an’funika kukhululukidwa na Mulungu. (Waroma 3:23; 5:12) Mukanati kupfunza Bibliya, imwepo mukhadziwa lini bzomwe Mulungu ambafuna. Tsono, kodi mungakhale tani na moyo mwakubverana na kufuna kwace? Tenepo, kukungula n’kwakufunika.
13. Kodi kuzungunuka n’ciyani?
13 Kukungula kumbafunika kutewerana na ‘kuzungunuka.’ Mun’funika kucita bzizinji kuposa kundobzibvera nsisi. Imwepo mun’funika kusiya bzomwe mukhacita kale ndipo mutsimikize kucita bzinthu bzomwe mpsakulungama kuyambira tsapano. Kukungula na kuzungunuka ni njira zomwe mun’funika kuzicita mukanati kubatizidwa.
KUBZIPEREKA
14. Kodi n’cinthu ciponi cinango comwe mun’funika kucita mukanati kubatizidwa?
14 Pana cinthu cinango comwe mun’funika kucita mukanati kubatizidwa. Imwepo mun’funika kubzipereka kwa Yahova Mulungu.
15, 16. Kodi kubzipereka kwa Mulungu kumbathandauza ciyani, ndipo bzimwebzi bzimbacitisa munthu kucita ciyani?
15 Mukabzipereka kwa Yahova Mulungu mu mpembo mwakucokera pansi pa mtima, mumbakhala munkupicira kuti mun’dzatumikira iye yekha basi mpaka kale-kale. (Bzakutonga 6:15) Thangwe ranyi munthu angafune kucita bzimwebzi? Kuti titawire mbvunzoyu, tindendemezere kuti mwamuna wawona mkazi ndipo an’funa kumubvunzira. Akadziwa bzizinji pakulewa bza mkaziyo na kuwona makhalidwe yace yabwino ndipo pomwe kumufunako kumbathumizirika. Ndipo pakumalizira pace angamubvunzire kuti amange naye banja. N’cadidi kuti kumubvunzira mkaziyo kuti akhale naye pa banja bzikuthandauza udindo bwakuthumizirika. Tsono lufoyi limbamucitisa kupitiriza kucita bzimwebzi.
16 Mukafika pakumudziwa na kufuna Yahova, imwepo mun’dzafunisisa kumutumikira mwakusaya kufuna kutambira cinthu ciri-cense mucimunamata na mtima wense. Ali-wense womwe an’funa kutewera Mwana wa Mulungu, Jezu Kristu, an’funika ‘kubziramba yekha.’ (Marko 8:34) Timbabziramba tekha mwa kutsimikiza kuti bzakucita bzathu bzinkutitazisa lini kubvera kwathu Mulungu. Mukanati kubatizidwa, cakulinga canu cikulu cin’funika kukhala kucita kufuna kwa Yahova Mulungu pa moyo wanu.
KUKUNDA MANTHA YAKUTI MUNGAPHONYE
17. Thangwe ranyi winango ambacita mantha kubzipereka kwa Mulungu?
17 Wanthu winango ambacita mantha kubzipereka kwa Yahova thangwe iwo ambawona kuti ni nkhani ikulu. Iwo ambagopa kuti akakhala Mkristau wakubzipereka angadzaphonyere Mulungu. Thangwe ra mantha iwo ambagopa kukhumudwisa Yahova, ndipo ambakumbuka kuti kuli bwino kuleka kubzipereka kwa iye.
18. Kodi n’ciyani cingakucitiseni kubzipereka kuna Yahova?
18 Pomwe mun’kupfunza kukhala na lufoyi na Yahova, mun’dzafika pa kubzipereka kwa iye mucicita bzomwe mungakwanise kuti mukhale na moyo mwakubverana na kubzipereka kwanu. (Mpalizi 5:4) Mukabzipereka, mwakusaya kupenukira mun’dzafunisisa ‘kufamba bwino mwakubverana na bzomwe Yahova ambafuna, kuti mumukondwese kwene-kwene.’ (Wakoloso 1:10) Thangwe ra lufoyi lanu kwa Mulungu, imwepo mun’dzawona lini kuti kucita kufuna kwace n’kwakunesa. Mwakusaya kupenukira, imwepo mun’dzabvuma bzomwe mpostolo Juwau adanemba kuti: ‘Pakuti kufuna Mulungu kumbathandauza kusunga bzakutonga bzace; ndipo bzakutonga bzacebzo mpsakulemera lini.’
19. Thangwe ranyi tin’funika lini kugopa kubzipereka kuna Mulungu?
19 Imwepo mun’funika lini kukhala munthu wakulungamiratu kuti mubzipereke kwa Mulungu. Yahova ambadziwa kutepa kwathu ndipo ambadikhira lini kuti ticite bzomwe tingakwanise lini. (Psalymo 103:14) Iye an’funa kuti bzinthu bzikufambireni bwino ndipo an’dzakuthandizani. (Werengani Zaiya 41:10.) Imwepo mungatsimikize kuti mukakhulupira Yahova na mtima wense, ‘iye an’dzalungamiza njira zanu.’
LATIZANI KUBZIPEREKA KWANU MWA KUBATIZIDWA
20. Kodi munthu omwe wabzipereka kwa Yahova an’funika pomwe kucita ciyani?
20 Mukambakumbukira bzinthu bzomwe tacezeranabzi, bzin’kuthandizani kuti mubzipereke kwa Yahova mu mpembo. Ali-wense womwe an’kufunadi Mulungu an’funikambo ‘kudziwisa padeca cikhulupiro cace kuti apulumuke.’ (Waroma 10:10) Kodi mungacite tani bzimwebzi?
21, 22. Kodi mungacite tani kuti ‘mudziwise padeca’ cikhulupiro canu?
21 Muuzeni mbveranisi wa bungwe la akulu la gwere lanu kuti mukufuna kubatizidwa. Iye an’dzacita makonzedwe kuti akulu winango abwerezere namwe mibvunzo minango yomwe ina bzipfunziso bzakuyambirira bza m’Bibliya. Penu akuluwo an’bvuma kuti munkuthemera, iwo an’dzakuuzani kuti mun’dzabatizidwa pa mtsonkhano omwe unkubwerayu. * Pa mitsonkhano imweyi pambafotokozedwa nkhani yomwe imbabwerezera kulewa thandauzo la batismo. Mfotokozi wa nkhaniyo an’dzakumbira wense womwe an’funa kubatizidwa kuti atawire mibvunzo miwiri yakusaya kunesa ninga njira ya ‘kudziwisa padeca’ cikhulupiro cawo.
22 Batismo ndiyo imbadziwikisa padeca kuna wanthu kuti mudabzipereka kwa Mulungu ndipo tsapano ndimwe m’bodzi wa Mboni za Yahova. Wanthu wakufuna kubatizidwa ambamizidwa thupi lense m’madzi kulatiza mwapadeca kuti adabzipereka kwa Yahova.
BZOMWE BATISMO YANU IMBATHANDAUZA
23. Kodi bzimbathandauza ciyani kubatizidwa ‘m’dzina la Baba, na la Mwana, na la mzimu wakucena’?
23 Jezu adauza anyakupfunza wace kuti akhafunika kubatizidwa ‘m’dzina la Baba, na la Mwana, na la mzimu wakucena.’ (Mateu 28:19) Bzimwebzi bzimbathandauza kuti anyakufuna kubatizidwa an’funika kuzindikira utongi bwa Yahova Mulungu na bwa Jezu Kristu. Iwo an’funika pomwe kuzindikira basa la mzimu wakucena wa Mulungu, ayai mphanvu yace ya kuphata basa.
24, 25. (a) Kodi batismo imbaimira ciyani? (b) Kodi ni mbvunzo uponi omwe un’funika kutawiridwa?
24 Na tenepo, batismo sikuti imbandokhala mwambo wakundomiza munthu m’madzi. Koma imbaimira cinthu cakufunika kwene-kwene. Kumizidwa m’madzi kumbaimira kufa mucisiya moyo wanu wakale. Kunuka m’madzi kumbaimira kuti muna moyo watsapano, wakucita kufuna kwa Mulungu. Kumbukirani pomwe kuti imwepo mudabzipereka kwa Yahova Mulungu, sikuti pa basa, , kwa munthu, ku gulu ayai pa cinthu cinangombo. Kubzipereka kwanu na kubatizidwa ni ciyambi ca uxamwali bwanu bwa pamtima na Mulungu.
25 Mukabatizidwa bzinkulewa lini kuti mwapulumuka kale. Mpostolo Paulo adanemba kuti: ‘Pitirizani kukonza cipulumuso canu na mantha na mwa kutetemera.’ (Wafiripo 2:12) Batismo ni ciyambi basi. Tsono mbvunzo nguyu: Kodi tingapitirize tani kucita bzinthu bzomwe bzingacitise kuti Mulungu atifune? Msolo wakumalizira un’dzatawira mbvunzo umweyu.


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Kodi Bzomwe Bzikucitikabzi N’kufuna Kwa Mulungu?
WERENGANI jornale iri-yense. Onani nkhani pa TV, ayai tetekerani pa cikasi ca mphepo. Muniwona nkhani zizinji za ciwembo, nkhondo, na ukapondo. Kumbukirani bza mabvuto yanu. Matenda ayai kufa kwa wakufunidwa wanu kungakucitiseni kukhala wakusunama kwene-kwene. Imwepo mungabzibve ninga momwe munthu wakulungama Djobi adabvera, pomwe adalewa kuti ‘ndadzala na mabvuto.’
Bzibvunzeni kuti:
Kodi bzimwebzi ndibzo bzomwe Mulungu akhafuna kwa ine na kwa wanthu winango?
Kodi ndingagumane kuponi thandizo kuti ndilimbane na mabvuto yangu?
Kodi pana cidikhiro cakuti nsiku inango pan’dzakhala mtendere pa dziko lapansi pano?
Bibliya limbapereka mitawiro yakubveka bwino pa mibvunzo imweyi.
BIBLIYA LIMBAPFUNZISA KUTI MULUNGU AN’DZACINJA BZINTHU IBZI PA DZIKO LA PANSI.
‘Iye an’dzapukuta misozi yense m’maso mwawo, ndipo infa in’dzawoneka lini pomwe. Pan’dzawoneka lini pomwe kulira, ayai kubuula ne kuwawidwa. Thangwe bzinthu bzakale bzire bzapita.’
‘Nyakulemala an’dzakwira phiri ninga momwe imbacitira mbalale.’
‘Yan’dzafunguka maso ya waboli-boli.’
‘Wense womwe wali m’thenje yacikumbuso. . . wan’dzabula.’
‘Palibe munthu omwe an’dzakhala m’dzikomo an’dzalewa kuti: Ndikuduwala.’
‘Pan’dzakhala pana phoso lizinji pansi pano.’
GUMANANI PHINDU PA BZOMWE BIBLIYA LIMBAPFUNZISA
Lekani kuthamangira kulamba pa bzomwe bzanembedwa pa matsamba ya m’mbuyomu kuti ni bzinthu bzakundokumbukira. Mulungu ankupicira kuti an’dzakwanisa kucita bzimwebzi, ndipo Bibliya limbafotokoza momwe iye an’dzacitira.
Tsono Bibliya ndakuthandiza mu njira zizinji. Iro lingakuthandizeni kukhala na moyo wakukondwa kuyambira tsapano. Kumbukirani thupo na mabvuto yomwe mumbagumana nayo. Bzimwebzi bzimbaphatanidza nkhani ya kobiri, mabvuto ya m’banja, matenda, ayai kufa kwa nyakufunidwa wanu. Bibliya lingakuthandizeni kulimbana na mabvuto yomwe mumbagumana nayo, ndipo lingakutsangalazeni mwa kutawira mibvunzo ninga iyi:
Thangwera ranyi timbabonera?
Kodi tingalimbane tani na thupo pa moyo wathu?
Kodi tingakhale tani na moyo wacikondweso m’banja?
Kodi n’ciyani cimbacitika munthu akafa?
Kodi tin’dzawawona pomwe anyakufunidwa wathu womwe wadafa?
Kodi ndingatsimikize tani kuti Mulungu an’dzakwanisa mapiciro yace kutsogolo?
Kuwerenga bukhu lino komwe mun’kucitaku bzikulatiza kuti mun’funa kudziwa bzomwe Bibliya limbapfunzisa. Bukhuli lin’dzakuthandizani. Onani kuti ndime iri-yense ina mbvunzo wace. Wanthu bzulu na bzulu wankukomedwa kuphatisa basa mibvunzo na mitawiro pakupfunza Bibliya na Mboni za Yahova. Imwepo mungakomedwembo. Ndipo tinkukufunirani bzisimbo bza Mulungu pomwe mukukomedwa na kukondwa tsapano thangwera kupfunza bzomwe Bibliya limbapfunzisa maka-maka!


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Kodi Ndingachidziwe Bwanji Chipembedzo Cholondola?
Yankho la m’Baibulo
Baibulo lingatithandize kudziwa anthu amene ali m’chipembedzo cholondola kapena ayi. Limanena kuti chipembedzo chili ngati mtengo. Limati: “Mudzawazindikira ndi zipatso zawo. Anthu sathyola mphesa paminga kapena nkhuyu pamitula, amatero kodi?” (Mateyu 7:16) Mtengo uliwonse wabwino umabereka zipatso zabwino pomwe mtengo woipa subereka zipatso zabwino. Choncho tingachidziwe chipembedzo cholondola poyang’ana zipatso zimene chipembedzocho chimatulutsa. Chipembedzo cholondola chimachita zinthu zotsatirazi.
Anthu amene ali m’chipembedzo cholondola amaphunzitsa mfundo zochokera m’Baibulo, osati za m’mutu mwawo. (Yohane 4:24; 17:17) Amaphunzitsa mfundo zolondola zokhudza mzimu komanso zoti anthu adzakhala ndi moyo wosatha padziko lapansi. (Salimo 37:29; Yesaya 35:5, 6; Ezekieli 18:4) Anthu a m’chipembedzo cholondola amalengeza poyera zimene zipembedzo zabodza zimachita.—Mateyu 15:9; 23:27, 28.
Anthu a m’chipembedzo cholondola amathandiza anthu kudziwa Mulungu komanso dzina lake, lomwe ndi Yehova. (Salimo 83:18; Yesaya 42:8; Yohane 17:3, 6) Chipembedzo cholondola chimathandiza anthu kudziwa kuti n’zotheka kumudziwa bwino Mulungu ndiponso kukhala naye paubwenzi.—Yakobo 4:8.
Anthu a m’chipembedzo cholondola amakhulupirira kuti Mulungu anagwiritsa ntchito Yesu kuti anthu adzapulumuke. (Machitidwe 4:10, 12) Amayesetsanso kumvera malamulo amene Yesu anapereka komanso kutengera chitsanzo chake.—Yohane 13:15; 15:14.
Anthu a m’chipembedzo cholondola amaona kuti Ufumu wa Mulungu wokha ndi umene udzathetse mavuto a anthu ndipo amauza ena zokhudza Ufumuwu.—Mateyu 10:7; 24:14.
Anthu a m’chipembedzo cholondola amakondana ndi mtima wonse. (Yohane 13:35) Amakonda komanso kulemekeza anthu amitundu, zikhalidwe, zinenero ndiponso ochokera kosiyanasiyana. (Machitidwe 10:34, 35) Samenya nawo nkhondo chifukwa amakondana.—Mika 4:3; 1 Yohane 3:11, 12.
Atsogoleri a m’chipembedzo cholondola salandira malipiro aliwonse, ndipo sapatsidwa mayina aulemu.—Mateyu 23:8-12; 1 Petulo 5:2, 3.
Anthu a m’chipembedzo cholondola salowerera ndale. (Yohane 17:16; 18:36) Komabe iwo amayesetsa kulemekeza komanso kumvera olamulira a m’dziko limene akukhala. Amayesetsa kutsatira malangizo a m’Baibulo akuti: “Perekani zinthu za Kaisara kwa Kaisara [kutanthauza olamulira a dziko], koma zinthu za Mulungu muzizipereka kwa Mulungu.”—Maliko 12:17; Aroma 13:1, 2.
Anthu a m’chipembedzo cholondola sikuti amangochita miyambo yachipembedzo basi. Koma amayesetsa kutsatira mfundo za makhalidwe abwino pa moyo wawo. (Aefeso 5:3-5; 1 Yohane 3:18) Nawonso anthu a m’chipembedzo cholondola amasangalala akamalambira Mulungu wawo, yemwe ndi “Mulungu wachimwemwe.”—1 Timoteyo 1:11.
Anthu a m’chipembedzo cholondola ndi ochepa. (Mateyu 7:13, 14) Anthu amenewa amanyozedwa komanso kuzunzidwa chifukwa chochita zimene Mulungu amafuna.—Mateyu 5:10-12.
Munthu sangadziwe chipembedzo cholondola pongotengera mmene iyeyo akuchionera
Zingakhale zovuta kwambiri kudziwa chipembedzo cholondola pongotengera mmene ifeyo tikuchionera. Baibulo linaneneratu kuti anthu “adzadzipezera aphunzitsi [achipembedzo] kuti amve zowakomera m’khutu.” (2 Timoteyo 4:3) Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, Baibulo limatilimbikitsa kukhala m’chipembedzo chomwe ndi ‘choyera ndi chosaipitsidwa kwa Mulungu ndi Atate wathu’ ngakhale chipembedzocho chitakhala kuti ndi chosatchuka.—Yakobo 1:27; Yohane 15:18, 19.


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MBVUNDZO 5
Ndinacitanji Khala Ndikuthabuswa ku Xikola?
MBAMUDACITANJI?
Nyerezerani cakucitika ici: Manuere nee asafuna kuenda ku xikola lero, nee mangwana, nee asafuna kuendako pontho. Pyonsene pyatoma nthanda zitatu nduli mudamwaza andzace a ku xikola mphangwa zakuipa thangwi ya iye. Buluka penepo, apaswa madzina akunyanyasa. Midzidzi inango, ndzace akham’phumisa mabukhu ace mbalonga kuti apicita mwasusudeu, peno m’bodzi mwa andzace asam’menya, mbwenye angazungunuka nee asaona munthu adam’menya. Dzulo, pinthu pikhadatekera. Alipo adaikha mphangwa zakuipa mu Interneti zinalonga pya Manuere . . .
Mbamudakhala Manuere, mbamudacitanji?
LIMIRANI, PONTHO NYEREZERANI!
Nee muli wakusoweratu cakucita! Mwandimomwene, munakwanisa kukunda kuthabuswa mwakukhonda cita nthonga. Munjira ipi?
LEKANI KUCITA CINTHU. Bhibhlya isalonga: ‘Nyakusowa ndzeru asapangiza kuipirwa kwace konsene, mbwenye nyandzeru asapitiriza kukhala wakupfulika mpaka kunkhomo.’ (Misangani 29:11) Mungakwanisa kupfulika, ngakhale kupangiza na maonekero basi, panango anyakuthabusa anakusiyani.
LEKANI KUBWEZERA. Bhibhlya isalonga: ‘Lekani kubwezera pyakuipa.’ (Aroma 12:17) Kubwerezera kunatekeresa pinthu.
CALIRANI NYATWA. Bhibhlya isalonga: ‘Nyandzeru angaona pyakugopswa asabisala.’ (Misangani 22:3) Citani pyonsene pinakwanisa imwe toera kukhala kutali na ale anafuna kukuthabusani, pontho calirani makhaliro akuti anakucitisani toera kuthabuswa.
LONGANI PINTHU PYAKUTI NYAKUTHABUSA NEE AKHAPIDIKHIRA. Bhibhlya isalonga: ‘Kutawira mpholemphole kusathondolesa ukali.’ (Misangani 15:1) Munakwanisa kuncitisa toera anyerezere. Mwacitsandzo, nyakuthabusa angakupangani kuti mwakhuma kakamwe, basi ene m’mwetulireni mbamulonga: “Ndimomwene. Ndisaona kuti ndisafunika kuonda pang’ono!”
BULUKANI PYANU. Anora wa pyaka 19, alonga: “Kumatama kusapangiza kuti ndimwe wakukola, pontho wamphambvu kakamwe kupiringana nyakuthabusa, kusapangiza kudzitonga—n’khaliro wakuti nyakuthabusa nee ali nawo.”—2 Timoti 2:24.
CITANI PINTHU MWACINYINDIRO. Kazinji kene anyakuthabusa asaona munthu anapwazika ekhene, wakuti asaoneka ninga nkhabe kubwezera. Mbwenye iwo asafewa manungo angadzindikira kuti ndimwe wakuwanga.
LONGANI PINACITIKA. Nkazi unango wakuti akhali mpfundzisi, alonga: “Ndisawangisa munthu onsene anathabuswa toera kulonga kuna munthu unango. Ceneci ndi cinthu cadidi toera kucita, pontho pinacitisa kuti anango akhonde kutambambo nyatwa ibodzi ene.”


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Chonde dikirani pamene titsiriza tsegula masewerawa ;]
M'menemo, onani izi zozizwitsa masewera atsopano mwa kuwonekera zithunzi pamwambapa!
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Language: English
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mtundu wanyimbo: Porn Games
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positi anali tagged pansi magulu otsatirawa:
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MSOLO 10
Cadidi Cakulewa bza Wanjo na Madimonyo
1. N’thangwe ranyi tin’funika kupfunza bza wanjo?
YAHOVA ambafuna kuti tidziwe banja lace. Wanjo ambacita mbali ya banja la Mulungu. Ndipo m’Bibliya, iwo ambacemeredwa kuti ‘wana wa Mulungu.’ (Djobi 38:7) Kodi wanjo ambacita basa lanyi? Kodi iwo adathandiza tani wanthu m’mbuyomu? Ndipo, kodi iwo angatithandizembo tani nsiku zino?—Onani Mafala Yakuthumizira 8.
2. Kodi mbani omwe adalenga wanjo? Ndipo kodi alipo wanjo angasi?
2 Tin’funika kudziwa omwe adalenga wanjo. Wakoloso 1:16 ambatiuza kuti pambuyo pa Yahova kulenga Jezu, ‘bzinthu bzinango bzense bzidalengedwa, bzomwe bziripo kudzulu na pansi.’ Bzinthu bzimwebzi bzimbaphatanidzambo wanjo. Kodi ni wanjo angasi omwe adalengedwa? Bibliya limbalewa kuti iwo alipo madzana ya mamidyau ya wanjo.—Psalymo 103:20; Cibvumbulutso 5:11.
3. Kodi bukhu la Djobi 38:4-7 limbatiuzanyi bza wanjo?
3 Bibliya limbatiuzambo kuti Yahova adayamba kulenga wanjo anati kulenga dziko. Kodi iwo adabva tani pomwe Yahova adalenga dziko la pansi? Bukhu la Djobi limbatiuza kuti iwo adakondwa kwene-kwene. Iwo akhali wakuphatana ninga banja pakutumikira Yahova pabodzi.—Djobi 38:4-7.
WANJO AMBATHANDIZA ATUMIKI WA MULUNGU
4. Kodi wanjo ambabva tani na bzomwe wanthu ambacita?
4 Nthawe zense wanjo ambafuna kuwona bzomwe wanthu ambacita, pabodzi na kukwanisika kwa cakulinga ca Yahova na dzikoli na kwa wanthu. (Mimwani 8:30, 31; 1 Pedru 1:11, 12) Iwo adasunama kwene-kwene pomwe Adamu na Eva adapandukira Mulungu. Ndipo lero-lino ambasunamambo akambawona wanthu ankubvera lini Yahova. Tsono, munthu akakungula acibwerera kwa Mulungu, wanjowo ambakondwa. (Luka 15:10) Wanjo ambakomedwa na wanthu wale omwe ambatumikira Mulungu. Yahova ambaphatisira basa wanjowo kuti athandize na kukhotcerera atumiki wace pa dziko la pansi. (Wahebereu 1:7, 14) Mbatiwoneni bziratizo bzinango pa nkhani imweyi.
5. Kodi wanjo adathandiza tani atumiki wa Mulungu m’nthawe za m’mbuyomu?
5 Yahova adatumiza wanjo awiri kuti akathandize Loti na banja lace kupulumuka pa kupfudzidwa kwa mizinda ya Sodoma na Gomora. (Ciyambo 19:15, 16) Patapita magole madzana mazinji, mpolofeta Danyeri adathusidwa m’dindi la mphondolo koma iye alibe kudyedwa pakuti Mulungu ‘adatumiza anjo wace, ndipo iye adafunga miromo ya mphondolozo.’ (Danyeri 6:22) Na kupita kwa nthawe, mpostolo Pedru ataikhidwa m’kawoko, Yahova adatumiza anjo wace kuti akamucose. (Mabasa 12:6-11) Ndipo wanjo adathandizambo Jezu pomwe iye akhali pansi pano. Mwa ciratizo, pambuyo pakubatizidwa, ‘wanjo adamutumikira.’ (Marko 1:13) Jezu atasala pang’ono kuphedwa, anjo m’bodzi ‘adamulimbisa.’—Luka 22:43.
6. (a) Kodi timbadziwa tani kuti wanjo ambathandiza wanthu wa Mulungu nsiku zino? (b) Kodi ni mibvunzo iponi yomwe tin’cezerana?
6 Wanjo ambawonekera lini pomwe kwa wanthu m’nsiku zathu zino. Tsono Mulungu akupitiriza kuwaphatisa basa kuti athandize atumiki wace. Bibliya limbati: ‘Anjo wa Yahova ambalindira wense omwe ambamugopa, kuti awapulumuse.’ (Psalymo 34:7) Thangwe ranyi ifepano timbafunika kukhotcereredwa? Thangwe tina anyamadulanthaka wamphanvu omwe ambafuna kutipweteka. Kodi anyamadulanthakawo mbani? Kodi iwo adacokera kuponi? Kodi ambayeza kucita ciyani kuti atipweteke? Kuti titawire mibvunzoyi, mbatiwoneni bzomwe bzidacitika Adamu na Eva atandolengedwa.
ANYAMADULANTHAKA WATHU WAUZIMU
7. Kodi Sathani akhala ankucita ciyani na wanthu?
7 Mu Msolo 3 tidapfunza kuti anjo m’bodzi omwe akhafuna kutonga dzikoli adapandukira Mulungu. Bibliya limbalewa kuti dzina lace ni Sathani Dyabu. (Cibvumbulutso 12:9) Sathani akhafuna kuti wanthu apandukirembo Mulungu. Iye adakwanisa kupumpsa Eva, ndipo kucokera nthawe imweyo ankupitiriza kupumpsa wanthu azinji. Tsono wanthu winango ninga Abeli, Inoki na Nowe adapitiriza kukhala wakukhulupirika kwa Yahova.—Wahebereu 11:4, 5, 7.
8. (a) N’thangwe ranyi wanjo winango adakhala madimonyo? (b) Kodi madimonyo yadacita ciyani kuti yapulumuke pa Cigumula?
8 M’nsiku za Nowe, wanjo winango adapandukira Mulungu acibwera kudzakhala pansi pano ninga wanthu. Thangwe ranyi? Bibliya limbatiuza kuti iwo akhafuna kulowola akazi pansi pano. (Werengani Ciyambo 6:2.) Tsono kucita bzimwebzo kukhali kuphonyeka. (Juda 6) Ndipo wanthu azinji wa m’nthawe imweyire adakhalambo wacinyengo na waciwembo ninga wanjo wale. Tenepo Yahova adapfudza wanthu wacinyengo wale mwa kubweresa Cigumula ca madzi pa dziko lense la pansi. Tsono iye adapulumusa atumiki wace wakukhulupirika. (Ciyambo 7:17, 23) Wanjo wakuipa wale adathawira kudzulu kuti apulumuke. M’Bibliya, wanjo wakuipawa ambacemeredwa kuti madimonyo. Iwo adapandukira Mulungu ninga momwe adacitira Sathani, ndipo Sathaniyo adakhala mtongi wawo.—Mateu 9:34.
9. (a) N’ciyani cidacitika na madimonyo yatabwerera kudzulu? (b) Kodi tsapano tin’funza bza ciyani?
9 Pakuti madimonyoyo yadapanduka, Yahova alibe kubvuma kuti yacite pomwe mbali ya banja lace. (2 Pedru 2:4) N’cadidi kuti tsapano madimonyo yangakhale lini pomwe na thupi la umunthu, tsono iyo ‘yakadasoceresa wanthu pa dziko lense la pansi.’ (Cibvumbulutso 12:9; 1 Juwau 5:19) Tsapano mbatipfunzeni momwe iyo yambapumpsira ayai kusoceresera wanthu.—Werengani 2 Wakolinto 2:11.
MOMWE MADIMONYO YAMBAPUMPSIRA WANTHU
10. Kodi madimonyo yambapumpsa tani wanthu?
10 Madimonyo yambapumpsa wanthu mu njira zakusiyana-siyana. Wanthu winango ambalalewa na madimonyo, ndipo winango ambaphatisa basa anyabezi ayai anyamatsenga. Kucita bzimwebzi n’kukhulupira mizimu. Tsono Bibliya limbaticenjeza kuti tin’funika kutcenkha cinthu ciri-cense comwe cimbabverana na madimonyo. (Wagalata 5:19-21) Thangwe ranyi? Thangwe rakuti madimonyo yambapumpsa wanthu kuti yambawatsogolere, ninga momwe msodzi ambaphatisira basa misampha kuti aphate nyama.—Onani Mafala Yakuthumizira 26.
11. Kodi kuwombeza n’kutani, ndipo n’thangwe ranyi tin’funika kukutcenkha?
11 Njira ibodzi yomwe madimonyo yambapumpsa nayo wanthu ni kuwombeza. Kuwombeza n’kuphatisa basa mphanvu ya madimonyo pakufuna kudziwa bzinthu bzakutsogolo ayai bzakusaya kudziwika. Ndipo zinango mwa njira zimwezi ni kucita matsenga, kuwona pa supedyo ya matsenga, kuwona tumizere twa m’manja, kukhulupira nyenyezi ayai kulira kwa mbalame. Wanthu azinji ambakumbuka kuti kucita bzimwebzi n’kuphonya lini, tsono bziri lini tenepoyo. Kuwombeza n’kwakuipa kwene-kwene. Bibliya limbalatiza kuti wanthu wakuwombeza ambatsogoleredwa na madimonyo. Pa Mabasa 16:16-18, pambalatiza kuti pakhana ‘dimonyo wakuvimira’ omwe akhacitisa mtsikana munango kumbavimira bzinthu bzakutsogolo. Pomwe mpostolo Paulo adacosa dimonyoyo, mtsikanayo alibe kukwanisa pomwe kumbavimira.
12. (a) Kodi madimonyo yambafuna kuticitisa kukhulupira ciyani? (b) N’thangwe ranyi atumiki wa Mulungu an’funika kutcenkha miyambo yomwe imbabverana na madimonyo?
12 Madimonyo yambaphatisa pomwe basa njira inango kuti yapumpse wanthu. Iyo yambayeza kuticitisa kukhulupira kuti tingakwanise kulalewa na wanthu wakufa, nakuti anyakufawo ana moyo ku mbuto inango ndipo angakwanise kulalewa nafe ayai kutipweteka. Mwa ciratizo, munthu omwe afedwa m’bale ayai xamwali wace, angayende kwa nyabezi omwe ambalewa kuti angakwanise kulalewa na anyakufa. Nyabeziyo angalalewe na fala ninga la nyakufayo ayai angauze munthuyo bzinthu bzinango bzakudabwisa pakulewa bza nyakufayo. (1 Samuweri 28:3-19) Ndipo miyambo izinji yomwe imbacitika pa nkhawa imbalatiza kuti wanthu ambakhulupira kuti anyakufa ambapitiriza kukhala na moyo ku mbuto inango. Miyambo imweyi imbaphatanidza kucita madyo, bona, setimo dia, kugwata tsisi na kubvala lutu. Akristau akalamba kucita miyambo imweyi, azibale wawo ayai wanthu wa m’mudzi mwawo angayambe kuwanyoza, kuwatukwana ayai kuwatcenkha. Tsono Akristau ambadziwa kuti munthu akafa ambakhala lini na moyo ku mbuto inango iri-yense. Ndipo bzingakwanisike lini kulalewa nawo ndipo iwo angatipweteke lini. (Psalymo 115:17) Tenepo samalani. Lekani kuyezera kulalewa na anyakufa ayai madimonyo ndipo lekani kumbatenga mbali pa miyambo yakubverana na madimonyo.—Werengani Bzakutonga 18:10, 11; Zaiya 8:19.
13. Kodi wanthu azinji omwe akhambagopa madimonyo akwanisa kucita ciyani?
13 Madimonyo sikuti yambandopumpsa wanthu, koma iyo yambawagopswambo. Sathani na madimonyo yace ambadziwa kuti iwo ‘ana kanthawe kakucepa’ kuti apfudzidwe na Mulungu, tenepo iwo mbaukali na waciwembo kwene-kwene kuposa kale. (Cibvumbulutso 12:12, 17) Tsono wanthu azinjisa omwe akhambagopa madimonyo, tsapano ambayagopa lini pomwe. Kodi n’ciyani comwe cidawathandiza kucita bzimwebzi?
LIMBANANI MUCITSUDZUKA KU MPHANVU YA MADIMONYO
14. Ninga Akristau wa ku Efezo, kodi tingasiye tani kukhulupira mizimu?
14 Bibliya limbatiuza momwe tingalimbanire na madimonyo ticikwanisa kutsudzuka pa mapumpso yawo. Mwa ciratizo, wanthu winango mu mzinda wa Efezo, akhambakhulupira mizimu anati kupfunza cadidi. Tsono adakwanisa tani kusiya? Bibliya limbati: ‘Azinjisa omwe akhambacita bza matsenga adabweresa mabukhu yawo, aciyatentha pa maso pa wense.’ (Mabasa 19:19) Pakuti iwo akhafuna kukhala Akristau, iwo adatentha mabukhu yawo yakulewa bza mizimu. Bzimwebzi mpsakufunikambo nsiku zino. Munthu ali-wense omwe an’funa kutumikira Yahova, an’funika kutaya ayai kupfudza cinthu ciri-cense comwe cimbabverana na madimonyo; ninga mabukhu, marevista, mafilme, nyimbo ayai bzinthu bzinango bzomwe bzingacitise munthuyo kuwona kukhulupira mizimu ninga n’kwabwino. Ndipo bzimbaphatanidzambo bzinthu bzomwe wanthu ambabvala kuti abzikhotcerere pa bzinthu bzakuipa.—1 Wakolinto 10:21.
15. Kodi n’ciyani cinango comwe tin’funika kucita kuti tilimbane na Sathani na madimonyo yace?
15 Patapita magole mazinji kucokera pomwe Akristau wa ku Efezo wale adapfudza mabukhu yawo, mpostolo Paulo adanemba kuti iwo akhafunika kupitiriza kulimbana na ‘mphanvu ya mizimu yakuipa.’ (Wayefezo 6:12) Inde, napo iwo akhadatentha kale mabukhu yawo, madimonyoyo yakhapitiriza basi kufuna kuwapweteka. Tenepo, n’ciyani cinango comwe iwo akhafunika kucita? Mpostolo Paulo adawauza kuti: ‘Tengani mkhotco mkulu wa cikhulupiro omwe mun’dzathimisira misewe yakugaka ya nyakuipayo.’ (Wayefezo 6:16) Ninga momwe mkhotco umbakhotcerera mcikunda pa nkhondo, cikhulupiro cathu cingatikhotcerere. Tikakhulupiradi na mtima wense kuti Yahova an’tikhotcerera, ifepano tin’dzakwanisa kulimbana na Sathani na madimonyo yace.—Mateu 17:20.
16. Kodi tingalimbise tani cikhulupiro cathu kwa Yahova?
16 Kodi tingalimbise tani cikhulupiro cathu kwa Yahova? Tin’funika kumbawerenga Bibliya nsiku zense, ticimbakhulupira iye kuti atikhotcerere. Tikakhulupira Yahova na mtima wathu wense, Sathani na madimonyo yace an’dzakwanisa lini kutipweteka.—1 Juwau 5:5.
17. N’ciyani cinango comwe tin’funika kucita kuti tikhotcereredwe kwa madimonyo?
17 Kodi n’ciyani cinango comwe Akristau wa ku Efezo wale akhafunika kucita? Iwo akhakhala mu mzinda omwe kukhulupira mizimu kukhali pense-pense. Tenepo mpostolo Paulo adawauza kuti: ‘Mumbapembe pa cakucitika ciri-cense.’ (Wayefezo 6:18) Iwo akhafunika kukumbira Yahova kuti ambawakhotcerere nthawe zense. Tsono tani ifepano? Ifembo tinkukhala m’dziko lomwe kukhulupira mizimu kuli pense-pense. Tenepo tin’funika kumbapemba kwa Yahova kuti atikhotcererembo, ndipo pakupembapo tin’funika kumbaphatisa basa dzina lace. (Werengani Mimwani 18:10.) Tikapitiriza kupemba kwa Yahova kuti atikhotcerere kwa Sathani, Yahovayo an’dzatawira mipembo yathuyo.—Psalymo 145:19; Mateu 6:13.
18, 19. (a) Kodi n’ciyani cingatithandize kukunda nkhondo yakulimbana na Sathani na madimonyo yace? (b) Kodi mu msolo wakutewera tin’dzatawira mbvunzo uponi?
18 Ifepano tikataya bzense bzomwe bzimbabverana na madimonyo ticikhulupira kuti Yahova an’tikhotcerera, tin’dzakwanisa kulimbana na Sathani na madimonyo yace. Tin’funika lini kuwagopa. (Werengani Tiyago 4:7, 8.) Yahova ngwamphanvu kwene-kwene kuposa madimonyo. Iye adayalanga kale m’nthawe ya Nowe, ndipo kutsogoloku iye an’dzayapfudza. (Juda 6) Kumbukirani kuti tiri lini tekha pa nkhondo yakulimbana na madimonyo. Yahova ankuphatisa basa wanjo wace kuti atikhotcerere. (2 Wamambo 6:15-17) Tenepo tin’funika kukhulupira kuti na thandizo la Yahova, ifepano tingakunde pa nkhondo yakulimbana na Sathani na madimonyo.—1 Pedru 5:6, 7; 2 Pedru 2:9.
19 Tsono pakuti Sathani na madimonyo yace ankubweresa mabvuto mazinji, thangwe ranyi Yahova akanati kuwapfudza? Mbvunzoyu un’dzatawiridwa mu msolo wakutewera.


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Chigawo lakonzedwa kuti ntchito buku, osati muwerenge ngati mafotokozedwe.
Mafunso okhudza causality kafukufuku chikhalidwe ndi ovuta ndi zosamvetsetseka. Pakuti njira maziko kwa causality zochokera chintchito causal, onani Pearl (2009) , ndi njira maziko zochokera zakambidwa osiyanasiyana, onani Imbens and Rubin (2015) (ndi zakumapeto luso mu chaputala ichi). Yerekezerani pakati pa njira ziwiri izi, onani Morgan and Winship (2014) . Pakuti njira ofunda kuti liwulo ndi confounder, onani VanderWeele and Shpitser (2013) .
Mu mutu, ine analenga tinangoti mzere kuwala pakati pa luso lathu kuti anene causal pazimene experimental ndipo sanali kuyesera. Kunena zoona, ine ndikuganiza kuti kusiyana ndi blurrier. Mwachitsanzo, aliyense amavomereza kuti kusuta kumayambitsa khansa ngakhale ife sanachite osapanganika ankalamulira kuyesera kuti amakakamiza anthu fodya. Pakuti chabwino mankhwala Buku kutalika kupanga ziwerengero causal pazimene sanali experimental kuona Rosenbaum (2002) , Rosenbaum (2009) , Shadish, Cook, and Campbell (2001) , ndipo Dunning (2012) .
Chaputala 1 ndi 2 of Freedman, Pisani, and Purves (2007) kupereka mawu omveka bwino mu kusiyana zatsopano, zinthu zatsopano, ndi osapanganika zatsopano.
Manzi (2012) imapereka chidwi ndi munthu angathe kuwaŵerenga oyamba mu underpinnings ndi akatswiri zowerengera wa osapanganika zatsopano. Komanso chidwi zochitika zenizeni dziko la mphamvu ya kuyesera malonda.
Casella (2008) , Box, Hunter, and Hunter (2005) , Athey and Imbens (2016b) kupereka oyamba bwino zinthu zowerengera ya kapangidwe experimental ndi kusanthula. Komanso pali mankhwala abwino kwambiri a ntchito zatsopano m'minda zosiyanasiyana: zachuma (Bardsley et al. 2009) , Sociology (Willer and Walker 2007; Jackson and Cox 2013) , kuwerenga maganizo (Aronson et al. 1989) , Sayansi ndale (Morton and Williams 2010) , ndi ndondomeko chikhalidwe (Glennerster and Takavarasha 2013) .
Kufunika kwa ophunzira asilikali (mwachitsanzo, zosankhidwazi) ndi zambiri pansi-akukonda kafukufuku experimental. Komabe, ngati zotsatira za mankhwala ndi sakanikira mu anthu, ndiye zosankhidwazi ndi yovuta. Longford (1999) an'kanena izi momveka pamene imalimbikitsa kuti ofufuza kuganiza zatsopano monga kafukufuku anthu ndi zosankhidwazi kochitika mwachisawawa.
The dichotomy kuti ine anapereka pakati pa labu ndi munda zatsopano ndi pang'ono m'Chingelezi chosavuta. Ndipotu, akatswiri ena akhala akuganizira typologies zambiri, anthu imeneyo nadzawasankhula zosiyanasiyana zatsopano munda (Harrison and List 2004; Charness, Gneezy, and Kuhn 2013) . Komanso pali zina ziwiri zatsopano anachita asayansi zosangalatsa zomwe sizikugwirizana bwino mu labu ndi munda dichotomy. Zatsopano kafukufuku ndi zatsopano chikhalidwe Survey zatsopano ndi zatsopano pogwiritsa ntchito zomangamanga za kafukufuku amene analipo ndiponso yerekezerani mayankho kwa Mabaibulo njira ya mafunso (ena zatsopano kafukufuku pokambirana Chapter 3); zambiri pa zatsopano kafukufuku kuona Mutz (2011) . zatsopano Social ndi zatsopano kumene mankhwala ena mfundo zosangalatsa zomwe zitha zagwiridwa ndi boma. Zimene Social zikugwirizana kwambiri ndi pulogalamu kuwunika. Zambiri pa zatsopano policy, onani Orr (1998) , Glennerster and Takavarasha (2013) , ndipo Heckman and Smith (1995) .
Angapo mapepala kuti poyerekeza labu ndi munda zatsopano chabe (Falk and Heckman 2009; Cialdini 2009) ndi mawu a zakambidwa pa zatsopano apadera sayansi ndale (Coppock and Green 2015) , zachuma (Levitt and List 2007a; Levitt and List 2007b; Camerer 2011; Al-Ubaydli and List 2013) komanso sayansi (Mitchell 2012) . Jerit, Barabas, and Clifford (2013) amapereka zabwino kafukufuku pulani kuyerekeza zotsatira labu ndi munda zatsopano.
Nkhawa ophunzira kusintha makhalidwe awo chifukwa amadziwa iwo akumva kwambiri anati amatchedwa kufunika zotsatira, ndipo iwo anaphunzira kuwerenga maganizo (Orne 1962) ndi zachuma (Zizzo 2009) . Ngakhale makamaka kugwirizana ndi zatsopano labu, nkhani zimenezi zingachititse mavuto zatsopano kumunda ndiponso. Ndipotu ankafuna zotsatira Komanso limatchedwa zotsatira Hawthorne, mawu amene zichokela ku kuyesera m'munda, makamaka wotchuka zatsopano chiwalitsiro zimene zinayamba mu 1924 pa Hawthorne Works a Western Zamagetsi Company (Adair 1984; Levitt and List 2011) . Onse obwera kufunika ndi zotsatira Hawthorn ndi zogwirizana ndi maganizo a muyeso zotakasika m'Mutu 2 (onaninso Webb et al. (1966) ).
Mbiri ya zatsopano munda wakhala anafotokoza mu zachuma (Levitt and List 2009) , sayansi ndale (Green and Gerber 2003; Druckman et al. 2006; Druckman and Lupia 2012) , kuwerenga maganizo (Shadish 2002) , ndi ndondomeko poyera (Shadish and Cook 2009) . M'dera lina la sayansi chikhalidwe kumene zatsopano munda mwamsanga anatchuka ndi chitukuko mayiko. Kwa review zabwino kuti ntchito mwa zachuma kuona Banerjee and Duflo (2009) , ndi kwa ziyenera ovuta kuona Deaton (2010) . Kwa review ntchito mu sayansi ndale kuona Humphreys and Weinstein (2009) . Pomaliza, mavuto zikuyenela nawo ndi zatsopano munda akhala kufukulidwa sayansi ndale (Humphreys 2015; Desposato 2016b) ndi zachuma chitukuko (Baele 2013) .
Mu mutu, ine anandiuza kuti chisanadze mankhwala mudziwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito pokonzanso mwandondomeko wa zotsatira Akuti mankhwala, koma pali ena kutsutsana za njira imeneyi: Freedman (2008) , Lin (2013) , ndipo Berk et al. (2013) ; onani Bloniarz et al. (2016) kuti mumve zambiri.
Ine ndinakusankhani kuganizira mfundo zitatu: n'loonadi, heterogeneity za kuipa mankhwala, ndi njira. mfundo zimenezi ndi mayina osiyanasiyana m'minda yosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, akatswiri amakonda kusuntha yoposa zatsopano yosavuta ndi moganizira owayimira ndi oyang'anira (Baron and Kenny 1986) . Lingaliro la nkhoswe akagwidwa zimene Ine kuitana njira, ndi lingaliro la oyang'anira akagwidwa zimene Ine kuitana kunja n'loonadi (mwachitsanzo, kodi zotsatira za kafukufuku ndi kukhala osiyana ngati anali kuthamanga pa nkhani zosiyanasiyana) ndi heterogeneity za kuipa mankhwala ( mwachitsanzo, ndi zotsatira zazikulu kwa anthu ena kuposa anthu ena).
Kuyesa kwa Schultz et al. (2007) chimasonyeza bwanji mfundo chikhalidwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga njira zothandiza. Kwa mfundo zambiri ambiri za ntchito ya chiphunzitso sanakonze njira zothandiza, onani Walton (2014) .
Malingaliro a n'loonadi mkati ndi kunja anali koyamba mu Campbell (1957) . Onani Shadish, Cook, and Campbell (2001) kwa mbiri zambiri ndi elaboration mosamala zowerengera mapeto n'loonadi, n'loonadi mkati, kumanga unali woyenerera, ndipo unali woyenerera kunja.
Kuti mwachidule zokhudza zowerengera mapeto n'loonadi mu zatsopano kuona Gerber and Green (2012) (kwa maganizo sayansi chikhalidwe) ndi Imbens and Rubin (2015) (kwa maganizo zowerengera). Ena nkhani ya zowerengera mapeto unali woyenerera kuti uka makamaka pa Intaneti zatsopano m'munda monga nkhani monga njira computationally imayenera polenga intervals chidaliro deta yozungulira (Bakshy and Eckles 2013) .
Internal n'loonadi kungakhale kovuta kuonetsetsa mu zatsopano zovuta kumunda. Mwachitsanzo, Gerber and Green (2000) , Imai (2005) , ndipo Gerber and Green (2005) kutsutsana za kukhazikitsa zovuta munda kuyesera za kukavota. Kohavi et al. (2012) ndi Kohavi et al. (2013) kupereka oyamba mu mavuto a imeneyi n'loonadi mu Intaneti zatsopano kumunda.
nkhawa yaikulu ndi n'loonadi mkati ndi mavuto ndi randomization. Njira imodzi zingakhale kudziwa mavuto ndi randomization ndi kuyerekeza magulu mankhwala ndi ulamuliro pa makhalidwe kuziona. Mtundu uwu chitsanzo amatchedwa bwino cheke. Onani Hansen and Bowers (2008) kuti njira zowerengera moyenera macheke, ndi kuwona Mutz and Pemantle (2015) kwa nkhawa macheke bwino. Mwachitsanzo, ntchito bwino cheke Allcott (2011) anapeza kuti pali umboni wosonyeza kuti randomization sanali akuyendera molondola zitatu za zatsopano ena a zatsopano OPower (onani Table 2; malo 2, 6, ndi 8). Pakuti njira zina, kuona Imbens and Rubin (2015) , Chapter 21.
za zinthu zina zazikulu zokhudza n'loonadi mkati ndi: 1) mmodzi kumbali sanali kugwilizana, kunalibe aliyense mu gulu mankhwala makamaka analandira chithandizo, 2) ziwiri kumbali sanali kugwilizana, kunalibe aliyense mu gulu chithandizo akulandira mankhwala ndi zina anthu mu gulu ulamuliro kulandira mankhwala, 3) attrition, kumene zakambidwa si anayeza ena ophunzira, ndi 4) kulowelera, kumene mankhwala amatayika pa anthu mu chikhalidwe chithandizo kwa anthu mu chikhalidwe kulamulira. Onani Gerber and Green (2012) Chaputala 5, 6, 7, ndi 8 zambiri pa aliyense za izi.
Zambiri pa kumanga n'loonadi, onani Westen and Rosenthal (2003) , ndi zambiri pa kumanga n'loonadi magwero aakulu deta, Lazer (2015) ndi Chapter 2 m'buku ili.
Mbali ina unali woyenerera kunja ndi pamalo phukusi ndi mayesero. Allcott (2015) imapereka kusamala ongolankhula ndi wazotsatira mankhwala malo kusankha kukondera. M'magazini ino ikufotokozedwanso mu Deaton (2010) . Kuwonjezera chitidwe mu malo ambiri, phukusi Home Energy Report wakhalanso paokha kuphunzira ndi magulu angapo kafukufuku (mwachitsanzo, Ayres, Raseman, and Shih (2013) ).
Pakuti mwachidule kwambiri a heterogeneity za kuipa mankhwala zatsopano kumunda, onani Chapter 12 Gerber and Green (2012) . Pakuti oyamba kuti heterogeneity za kuipa mankhwala m'mayesero mankhwala, onani Kent and Hayward (2007) , Longford (1999) , ndipo Kravitz, Duan, and Braslow (2004) . Heterogeneity za kuipa mankhwala ambiri kuganizira zosiyana zochokera makhalidwe chisanadze mankhwala. Ngati mukufuna heterogeneity zochokera zakambidwa pambuyo mankhwala, ndiye approachs zovuta zambiri zofunika monga yaikulu stratification (Frangakis and Rubin 2002) ; onani Page et al. (2015) kuti ndemanga.
Akatswiri ambiri amati ndi heterogeneity za kuipa mankhwala ntchito liniya mgwirizano, koma njira atsopano kudalira kuphunzira makina Mwachitsanzo Green and Kern (2012) , Imai and Ratkovic (2013) , Taddy et al. (2016) , ndipo Athey and Imbens (2016a) .
Pali ena sankakhulupirira za anapeza heterogeneity za kuipa chifukwa cha mavuto angapo poyerekezera ndi "nsomba." Pali zosiyanasiyana njira zowerengera zimene zingathandize adiresi nkhawa poyerekeza angapo (Fink, McConnell, and Vollmer 2014; List, Shaikh, and Xu 2016) . Njira imodzi nkhawa "usodzi" ndi chisanadze kalembera, amene ayamba wamba mu kuwerenga maganizo (Nosek and Lakens 2014) , sayansi ndale (Humphreys, Sierra, and Windt 2013; Monogan 2013; Anderson 2013; Gelman 2013; Laitin 2013) ndipo zachuma (Olken 2015) .
Mu kuphunzira Costa and Kahn (2013) pafupifupi theka lokha la mabanja a mu kuyesera zamanga zogwirizana ndi mfundo zaziwerengero. Owerenga chidwi tsatanetsatane ndi mavuto ndi kusanthula ayenera amanena za pepala original.
Njira ndi amazipanga zofunika, koma zinapezeka kuti zovuta kuphunzira. Research za njira yogwirizana kwambiri kuphunzira owayimira mu kuwerenga maganizo (koma wonaninso VanderWeele (2009) kwa fanizo yeniyeni pakati pa malingaliro awiri). Likuyandikira Statistical zifukwa kupeza, monga njira yapangidwa Baron and Kenny (1986) , ndi zachilendo. Mwatsoka, likukhalira kuti ndondomeko amene amadalira ena mfundo wamphamvu (Bullock, Green, and Ha 2010) ndi kuvutika ngati pali njira zambiri, monga mmodzi angayembekezere zinthu zambiri (Imai and Yamamoto 2013; VanderWeele and Vansteelandt 2014) . Imai et al. (2011) ndi Imai and Yamamoto (2013) kupereka bwino njira zowerengera. Komanso, VanderWeele (2015) amapereka buku kutalika mankhwala ndi zotsatira zake zofunika, kuphatikizapo njira bwino kugawa tilinazo.
A njira zosiyana tikunena nkhaniyi amafuna kupezerera limagwirira mwachindunji (mwachitsanzo, popereka oyendetsa vitamini C). Mwatsoka, pamalo osiyanasiyana sayansi chikhalidwe pali zambiri njira angapo ndipo n'kovuta kupanga mankhwala kuti kusintha wina popanda kusintha ena. Ena njira kuti experimentally njira bongo amafotokozedwa Imai, Tingley, and Yamamoto (2013) , Ludwig, Kling, and Mullainathan (2011) , ndipo Pirlott and MacKinnon (2016) .
Pomaliza, njira Komanso kale mu nzeru za sayansi anafotokozedwa ndi Hedström and Ylikoski (2010) .
Kwambiri pa ntchito ya maphunziro makalata ndi maphunziro kafukufuku kuyeza tsankho kuona Pager (2007) .
Ambiri njira yosankha ophunzira kuti nkhaniyi mumanga ndi Amazon Mawotchi Turk (MTurk). Chifukwa MTurk otsanzira mbali ya zatsopano za malipiro chikhalidwe labu anthu kumaliza ntchito kuti iwo sakanati achite kwa akatswiri mfulu zambiri kale ntchito Turkers (antchito pa MTurk) pamene ophunzira mu nkhani anthu zatsopano chifukwa mu mofulumira ndi kusonkhanitsa mtengo deta kuposa miyambo pa sukulu zatsopano zasayansi (Paolacci, Chandler, and Ipeirotis 2010; Horton, Rand, and Zeckhauser 2011; Mason and Suri 2012; Rand 2012; Berinsky, Huber, and Lenz 2012) .
Mphamvu lalikulu la choti ophunzira alemba ntchito ku MTurk ndi panali: amalola ofufuza yosankha ophunzira mwamsanga ndipo akamavutika. Pamene zatsopano labu akhoza kutenga masabata kuthamanga ndi zatsopano munda angathe kutenga miyezi kukhazikitsa mmwamba, zatsopano ndi ophunzira alemba ntchito ku MTurk akhoza kuthamanga mu masiku. Mwachitsanzo, Berinsky, Huber, and Lenz (2012) anatha kum'tenga nkhani 400 tsiku limodzi nawo ndi kuyesera 8 yokha. Komanso, ophunzira amenewa alemba ntchito kwa cholinga chilichonse (kuphatikizapo Kafukufuku ndi mgwirizano misa, monga tinafotokozera m'Mutu 3 ndi 5). omasuka lino la asilikali zikutanthauza kuti akatswiri mukhoza kuthamanga mbali ya zatsopano athu mothamanga.
Pamaso kupeza ophunzira kuchokera MTurk kwa zatsopano anu, pali zinthu zinayi zofunika kudziwa. Choyamba, akatswiri ambiri sankakhulupirira si yeniyeni zatsopano zokhudza Turkers. Chifukwa kukayikira zimenezi si yeniyeni, n'zovuta kutsutsa umboni. Koma patatha zaka zingapo maphunziro ntchito Turkers, tikhoza tsopano kunena kuti sankakhulupirira zimenezi si zofunika kwambiri. Pakhala maphunziro ambiri kuyerekeza ndi chiwerengero cha Turkers kuti anthu ena ndi maphunziro ambiri kuyerekeza zotsatira za kafukufuku wawo ndi Turkers zotsatira kuchokera anthu ena. Popeza ntchito zonsezi, ine ndikuganiza kuti njira yabwino muganize kuti Turkers ndi wololera mayiko chitsanzo, mofanana ophunzira koma pang'ono more osiyanasiyana (Berinsky, Huber, and Lenz 2012) . Choncho, monga momwe ophunzira ndi anthu zomveka kuti ena koma zonse kafukufuku experimental, Turkers ndi anthu zomveka kuti ena koma zonse kafukufuku. Ngati inu muti ntchito ndi Turkers, ndiye ndi bwino kuwerenga zambiri za maphunziro amenewa poyerekeza ndi kumvetsa mfundo zina zabwino zawo.
Chachiwiri, akatswiri apanga kwambiri makhalidwe awonjezere n'loonadi mkati mwa Turk zatsopano, ndipo inu kuphunzira Baibulo ndiponso kutsatira izi bwino makhalidwe (Horton, Rand, and Zeckhauser 2011; Mason and Suri 2012) . Mwachitsanzo, ofufuza ntchito Turkers akulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito screeners kuchotsa ophunzira sasamala (Berinsky, Margolis, and Sances 2014; Berinsky, Margolis, and Sances 2016) (koma wonaninso DJ Hauser and Schwarz (2015b) ndi DJ Hauser and Schwarz (2015a) ). Ngati mulibe kuchotsa ophunzira sasamala, ndiye mphamvu iliyonse ya mankhwala akhoza kutsukidwa ndi phokoso anayambitsa kuchokera kwa ophunzira sasamala, ndi kuchita chiwerengero cha ophunzira sasamala angakhale wodalirika. Mu kuyesa kwa Huber ndi anzake (2012) 30% ya ophunzira analephera chidwi screeners zofunika. Vuto lina wamba ndi Turkers ndi sanali wosachangamuka ophunzira (Chandler et al. 2015) .
Chachitatu, wachibale kwa mitundu ina ya zatsopano digito, MTurk zatsopano sangathe onga; Stewart et al. (2015) pafupifupi nthawi iliyonse pali pafupifupi 7,000 anthu MTurk.
Pomaliza, muyenera kudziwa kuti MTurk ndi dera ndi malamulo ake ndi malamulo (Mason and Suri 2012) . Mu njira yomweyo imene mukufuna kuyesa kupeza zokhudza chikhalidwe cha dziko limene inu mumapita kuthamanga zatsopano anu, inu ayesetse kupeza zambiri zokhudza chikhalidwe ndi malamulo a Turkers (Salehi et al. 2015) . Ndipo, inu mukudziwa kuti Turkers adzakhala akulankhula za kafukufuku anu ngati inu kuchita chinachake zosayenera kapena kuba (Gray et al. 2016) .
MTurk ndi njira amazipanga yabwino yosankha ophunzira zatsopano anu, kaya labu ngati, monga Huber, Hill, and Lenz (2012) , kapena zambiri kumunda ngati, monga Mason and Watts (2009) , Goldstein, McAfee, and Suri (2013) , Goldstein et al. (2014) , Horton and Zeckhauser (2016) , ndipo Mao et al. (2016) .
Ngati mukuganiza kuyesera kulenga mankhwala anu, ine amalangiza kuti mukuwerenga malangizo anapereka ndi MovieLens gulu Harper and Konstan (2015) . A kumvetsa chinsinsi chitsanzo chawo ndicho ntchito iliyonse bwino alipo ambiri, zolephera zambiri. Mwachitsanzo, MovieLens gulu anapezerapo mankhwala ena monga GopherAnswers kuti anali wangwiro zolephera (Harper and Konstan 2015) . Chitsanzo china katswiriyu kulephera akuyesa kumanga mankhwala ndi kuyesa Edward Castronova ndi kumanga masewera Intaneti wotchedwa Arden. Ngakhale $ 250,000 mu ndalama ntchitoyi anali kulephera (Baker 2008) . Ntchito ngati GopherAnswers ndi Arden, mwatsoka kwambiri yodziwika kwambiri kuposa ntchito ngati MovieLens. Potsiriza, pamene ine ndinanena izo sindinadziwe ofufuza ina iliyonse imene kupambana anamanga mankhwala kuyesera mobwerezabwereza apa ndi muyezo wanga: 1) ophunzira ntchito mankhwala chifukwa cha zimene limatipatsa iwo (mwachitsanzo, iwo salipidwa ndipo sachita ongodzipereka kuthandiza sayansi) ndipo 2) mankhwala akugwiritsa ntchito kuyesera oposa osiyana (mwachitsanzo, osati kuyesa chomwecho maulendo angapo ndi maiwe osiyana ophunzira). Ngati inu mukudziwa zitsanzo zina, chonde ndidziwitseni.
Ndamva maganizo nusu Pasteur ndi kukambirana pafupipafupi ku makampani zina zamakono, ndipo kumathandiza bungwe khama kafukufuku pa Google (Spector, Norvig, and Petrov 2012) .
Mgwirizano ndi phunziro anzake ' (2012) komanso akufuna kudziwa zotsatira za mankhwala awa pa mabwenzi a anthu amene anawalandira. Chifukwa cha kamangidwe ka kuyesera kuti, spillovers izi zili zovuta kudziwa mopanda; owerenga chidwi ayenera kuona Bond et al. (2012) kuti mumve tsatanetsatane. Kuyesera ndi mbali ya mwambo yaitali zatsopano sayansi ndale khama kulimbikitsa Kuvota (Green and Gerber 2015) . Izi zatsopano kumva kuchokera-ndi-voti ndi anthu am'dera chifukwa iwo ali Pasteur ndi nusu. Kuti, pali anthu ambiri amene olimbikitsa kuonjezera kukavota ndi kuponya mavoti kungakhale khalidwe chidwi choyesa mfundo zambiri ambiri kusintha khalidwe ndi mphamvu ya maubwenzi.
Akatswiri ena malangizo za kuthamanga zatsopano kumunda ndi mabungwe mnzake monga ndale, NGOs, ndi mabizinesi (Loewen, Rubenson, and Wantchekon 2010; List 2011; Gueron 2002) . Ena anapereka malangizo okhudza mmene mabungwe ndi magulu akhoza zimakhudzira mapangidwe kafukufuku (Green, Calfano, and Aronow 2014; King et al. 2007) . Partnership amathanso kukhala mafunso zikuyenela (Humphreys 2015; Nickerson and Hyde 2016) .
Ngati mukupita kulenga kukonzekeratu kusanthulidwe pamaso kuthamanga kuyesera wanu, ndiganiza kuti kuyamba kuwerenga malangizo malipoti. The kugwirizana (Consolidated Standard Kusimba za Mayesero) malangizo amenewa anayamba mankhwala (Schulz et al. 2010) ndi kusinthidwa kufufuza chikhalidwe (Mayo-Wilson et al. 2013) . Zogwiritsira zokhudza malangizo wakhala akupangidwa ndi akonzi a Journal of Experimental Science Political (Gerber et al. 2014) (onaninso Mutz and Pemantle (2015) ndi Gerber et al. (2015) ). Pomaliza, malipoti malangizo yapangidwa mu kuwerenga maganizo (Group 2008) , ndipo onaninso Simmons, Nelson, and Simonsohn (2011) .
Ngati inu kulenga kukonzekeratu kusanthulidwe muyenera kuganizira chisanadze kukalembetsa m'kaundula chifukwa chisanadze kalembera kwambiri ndi chidaliro kuti ena mwa zotsatira. Komanso, ngati mukuchita kumupatsa izo kuchepetsa mphamvu okondedwa wanu kusintha kuwunika ataona zotsatira. Pre-kulembetsa ndi ayamba wamba mu kuwerenga maganizo (Nosek and Lakens 2014) , sayansi ndale (Humphreys, Sierra, and Windt 2013; Monogan 2013; Anderson 2013; Gelman 2013; Laitin 2013) , ndi zachuma (Olken 2015) .
Pamene kulenga chisanafike kusanthula dongosolo wanu ayenera kudziwa kuti ena ofufuza ntchito mgwirizano ndi njira okhudzana kusintha mwandondomeko zokwana pafupifupi zotsatira mankhwala, ndipo pali mtsutso za njira imeneyi: Freedman (2008) , Lin (2013) , ndi Berk et al. (2013) ; onani Bloniarz et al. (2016) kuti mumve zambiri.
Design malangizo mwachindunji Intaneti zatsopano wakumunda anaperekanso mu Konstan and Chen (2007) ndi Chen and Konstan (2015) .
Zambiri pa zatsopano MusicLab, onani Salganik, Dodds, and Watts (2006) , Salganik and Watts (2008) , Salganik and Watts (2009b) , Salganik and Watts (2009a) , ndipo Salganik (2007) . Zambiri pa wopambana-kutenga onse misika, onani Frank and Cook (1996) . Zambiri mwayi untangling ndi luso zambiri zambiri, werengani Mauboussin (2012) , Watts (2012) , ndipo Frank (2016) .
Pali njira ina kuchotsa ndalama ophunzira kuti akatswiri tiyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mosamala: usilikali. Ambiri Intaneti zatsopano munda ophunzira kwenikweni usilikali mu kafukufuku komanso konse kulipidwa. Zitsanzo za njira imeneyi monga Restivo ndi van de Rijt a (2012) kuyesera pa phindu mu Wikipedia ndi Mgwirizano ndi mnzake ndi (2012) kuyesera pa kulimbikitsa anthu kuvota. zatsopano izi kwenikweni ndi zero mtengo variable, ali zero variable mtengo ofufuza. Ngakhale ndalama zambiri zatsopano izi ndi yaing'ono kwambiri kwa ophunzira aliyense, ndalama yaing'ono woyikidwa ndi nambala yaikulu kwambiri ophunzira kuwonjezera mwamsanga. Akatswiri kuthamanga chachikulu Intaneti zatsopano zambiri kulungamitsa kufunika yaing'ono zotsatira pafupifupi mankhwala ponena kuti izi zotsatira ang'onoang'ono angathe kukhala zofunika pamene ntchito kwa anthu ambiri. Enieni maganizo N'chimodzimodzinso ndi ndalama zimene ofufuza kukakamiza ophunzira. Ngati zatsopano wanu amachititsa anthu miliyoni kuwononga miniti imodzi, kuyesera si zoipa kwa munthu aliyense makamaka, koma akaphatikiza izo wakhala adadzonga pafupifupi zaka za nthawi.
Njira ina kulenga zero variable mtengo malipiro kwa ophunzira ndi ntchito mpikisano, ndi njira iyenso ntchito kafukufuku kafukufuku (Halpern et al. 2011) . Pomaliza, zambiri za angagwiritse yosangalatsa wosuta-zokumana kuona Toomim et al. (2011) .
Apa ndi matanthauzo oyamba atatu R, kuchokera Russell and Burch (1959) :
"M'malo zikutanthauza M'MALO amazindikira wamoyo nyama apamwamba a chuma insentient. Kuchepetsa amatanthauza kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha nyama ntchito kuti mudziwe za kuchuluka anapatsidwa ndi cholondola. Kuyengedwa zikutanthauza kuchepa mu zochitika kapena zovuta njira wodyerana ntchito nyama zimene adakali ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito. "
The kuti Ine akamufunsirire musati kunyalanyaza mfundo zikuyenela anafotokoza mu Chapter 6. R atatu M'malo mwake, iwo ndi more analongosola Baibulo mmodzi wa anthu mfundo beneficence-mwachindunji kulowa zatsopano anthu.
Mukamakambirana Maganizo kufalikira, pali atatu nkhani si koyenela kukumbukira pamene kutanthauzira kuyesera. Choyamba, si bwino mmene mfundo zenizeni za kafukufuku ndi kugwirizana kuti zonena za ongolankhula; mwa kulankhula kwina, pali mafunso okhudza kumanga unali woyenerera. Si bwino kuti zabwino ndi zoipa mawu udindo kwenikweni chizindikiro wabwino wa boma maganizo a ophunzira chifukwa 1) si bwino kuti mawu amene anthu aika amene amasonyeza bwino maganizo awo komanso 2) si bwino kuti makamaka mawu kusanthula njira zimene ofufuza za ntchito amatha molondola amachitsimikizira mtima (Beasley and Mason 2015; Panger 2016) . M'mawu ena, pakhoza kukhala zoipa muyeso wa mbendera okondera. Chachiwiri, kapangidwe ndi kusanthula kuyesera watiuza kanthu za amene mwapeza kwambiri (ie, palibe kusanthula heterogeneity wa zotsatira chithandizo) ndi njira akhoza kukhala. Pankhaniyi ofufuza anali zambiri zokhudza ophunzira, koma iwo anali kwenikweni ankachita monga zida pomalizira. Chachitatu, mmene kukula mu kuyesera anali ochepa; kusiyana pakati mankhwala ndi kulamulira zinthu ndi 1 mawu 1,000. Mu pepala awo, Kramer ndi anzake apange choncho ndi zotsatira za kukula zimenezi n'kofunika kwambiri chifukwa mamiliyoni mazanamazana anthu kulumikiza News awo Dyetsa tsiku lililonse. M'mawu ena, iwo amati ngakhale mavuto amene ang'ono munthu aliyense ali wamkulu mu akaphatikiza. Ngakhale kuvomereza mfundo imeneyi, komabe si bwino ngati zotsatira za kukula zimenezi n'kofunika pankhani funso more ambiri sayansi za kufalikira maganizo. Zambiri zochitika kumene zotsatira yaing'ono ndi zofunika kuona Prentice and Miller (1992) .
Kumbali ya R choyamba (M'malo), kuyerekezera Maganizo kufalikira kuyesera (Kramer, Guillory, and Hancock 2014) ndi maganizo kufalikira zachilengedwe kuyesera (Coviello et al. 2014) amapereka maphunziro ena onse za malonda-offs nawo ndi amayenda zimene ku mayesero achilengedwe (ndi njira zina monga zofanana chiwembucho kuyandikira zatsopano mu deta si experimental, onani Chapter 2). Kuwonjezera ubwino zachinyengo, kusintha experimental maphunziro sanali experimental imathandizanso ofufuza kuphunzira mankhwala kuti ndi logistically sangathe atumiza. Izi phindu zabwino ndiponso panali wolira ndalama, Komabe. Ndi zatsopano zachilengedwe ofufuza zochepa kulamulira zinthu ngati asilikali a ophunzira, randomization, ndi chikhalidwe cha mankhwala. Mwachitsanzo, malire mmodzi wa mvula monga mankhwala ndi kuti onse kumawonjezera positivity ndi amachepetsa negativity. Mowerengera experimental Koma Kramer ndi anzake anatha kusintha positivity ndi negativity paokha.
Njira makamaka ntchito Coviello et al. (2014) Enanso analongosola mu Coviello, Fowler, and Franceschetti (2014) . Pakuti chiyambi zosintha zoimbidwa kuona Angrist and Pischke (2009) (zochepa ofunda) kapena Angrist, Imbens, and Rubin (1996) (more ofunda). Kwa maganizo kukayikira zosintha zoimbidwa kuona Deaton (2010) , ndi chiyambi zosintha zoimbidwa ndi zida ofooka (mvula ndi chida ofooka), onani Murray (2006) .
More zambiri, mawu zabwino zatsopano zachilengedwe ndi Dunning (2012) , ndipo Rosenbaum (2002) , Rosenbaum (2009) , ndipo Shadish, Cook, and Campbell (2001) amapereka malingaliro wabwino kuyerekeza zotsatira causal popanda zatsopano.
Kumbali ya R wachiwiri (KUYERETSEDWA), pali sayansi ndi panali malonda-offs tikaonetsetsa kusintha kamangidwe ka kufalikira mumtima kutsekereza posts kuti kunachititsa posts. Mwachitsanzo, mwina sizingakhale kuti kukhazikitsa luso la News Amadyetsa amapanga ndi zayamba zosavuta kuchita kafukufuku ndi kutsekereza posts osati kuyesera ndi kunachititsa posts (onani kuti kuyesera ndi kutsekereza posts akhoza akuyendera ngati wosanjikiza pa pamwamba pa dongosolo News Amadyetsa popanda kufunika limasinthira a dongosolo lenileni). Mwasayansi Komabe, chiphunzitso kulankhula kuyesera sanali bwino amati kapangidwe mmodzi pamwamba pa wina.
Mwatsoka, ine sindiri kudziwa kafukufuku wodalirika isanafike za nyota wachibale kutchinga ndi kunachititsa zili mu News Amadyetsa. Komanso, sindinaonepo kufufuza zambiri za akuyenga mankhwala kuti wochepa zoipa; chapadera ndi Jones and Feamster (2015) , amene amaona nkhani ya muyeso wa Internet kufufuza (a mutu ine kukambirana mu Chapter 6 Mogwirizana ndi phunziro Encore (Burnett and Feamster 2015; Narayanan and Zevenbergen 2015) ).
Kumbali ya R wachitatu (Kuchepetsa), mawu abwino kugawa zopangira mphamvu ndi Cohen (1988) . covariates Pre-mankhwala akhoza m'gulu siteji kapangidwe ndi gawo kusanthula kuyesa; Chapter 4 Gerber and Green (2012) imapereka oyamba bwino njira onse, ndi Casella (2008) amapereka zambiri mozama mankhwala. Njira kuti ntchito mfundo chisanadze mankhwala randomization ndi ambiri wotchedwa mwina oletsedwa machenjerero experimental kapena stratified machenjerero experimental (terminology si ntchito zonse kudutsa m'madera); njira zimenezi kwambiri zokhudzana ndi njira stratified zosankhidwazi m'Mutu 3. Onani Higgins, Sävje, and Sekhon (2016) kwambiri pa ntchito machenjerero awa zatsopano chachikulu. Covariates Pre-mankhwala akhoza kukhala mbali ya gawo kusanthula. McKenzie (2012) ikufotokoza njira kusiyana mu kusiyana kwa kusanthula zatsopano munda mwatsatanetsatane. Onani Carneiro, Lee, and Wilhelm (2016) kwambiri pa malonda-offs pakati mosiyana kuonjezera mogometsa mu akuti zotsatira mankhwala. Potsiriza, pamene kusankha kuyesa monga covariates chisanadze mankhwala pa siteji kamangidwe kapena kusanthula (kapena onse), pali zinthu zingapo zoti tikambirane. Pa pamene ofufuza kusonyeza kuti iwo sali "usodzi" (Humphreys, Sierra, and Windt 2013) , ntchito chisanadze mankhwala covariates mu gawo kapangidwe zingakhale zothandiza (Higgins, Sävje, and Sekhon 2016) . Mu zochitika ophunzira kufika sequentially, makamaka pa Intaneti zatsopano kumunda, pogwiritsa ntchito mfundo chisanadze mankhwala mu gawo kapangidwe kungakhale kovuta logistically, onani Mwachitsanzo Xie and Aurisset (2016) .
M'pofunikanso kuwonjezera pang'ono yodziŵiratu zinthu pasadakhale za chifukwa kusiyana-mu-zosiyana kwambiri kwambiri kuposa kusiyana mu njira. Intaneti zakambidwa ambiri kwambiri kusiyana (onani mwachitsanzo, Lewis and Rao (2015) ndi Lamb et al. (2015) ) ndipo kokhazikika pa nthawi. Pankhaniyi, kusintha mphambu adzakhala zayamba ang'onoang'ono masiyanidwe, kuwonjezera mphamvu ya mayeso zowerengera. Chifukwa chimodzi akufika si ntchito kawirikawiri kuti isanafike zaka digito sizinali zachilendo ndi zakambidwa chisanadze mankhwala. A njira yowona kuganizila ndi kulingalira kuyesera kuyeza ngati zolimbitsa thupi enieni amawondetsa. Ngati mukuchita kusiyana mu njira yofikira, kafukufuku wako adzakhala ndi masiyanidwe chochokera masiyanidwe mu miyeso mu anthu. Ngati mukuchita kusiyana-mu-kusiyana njira Komabe, mwachibadwa zikuchitika akusinthasintha zolemera kuchotsedwa ndi inu mosavuta kudziwa kusiyana chifukwa cha mankhwala.
Njira imodzi yofunika kwambiri kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha ophunzira mu kafukufuku wako ndi kuchititsa kusanthula mphamvu Kramer ndi anzake akanachita zochokera zazikulu mmene anati kwa kuyesera zachilengedwe Coviello et al. (2014) kapena kale kafukufuku sanali experimental ndi Kramer (2012) (Ndipotu zimenezi ndi ntchito kumapeto kwa chaputala ichi). Taonani kuti ntchito imeneyi ya kusanthula mphamvu pang'ono wosiyana kuposa mmene. Mu m'badwo analogi, akatswiri ambiri anachita kusanthula mphamvu kuonetsetsa kuti kuphunzira sanali chochepa (ie, pansi pa mphamvu zoyendera). Panopa, akatswiri ayenera kuchita kusanthula mphamvu kuonetsetsa kuti kuphunzira ndi aakulu kwambiri (ie, pa mphamvu zoyendera).
Potsiriza, ndinali kuwonjezera wachinayi R: Repurpose. Kuti, ngati akatswiri amapezeka deta kwambiri experimental muyezo kuthetsa kafukufuku funso original, iwo ayenera repurpose deta kufunsa mafunso latsopano. Tiyerekeze kuti Kramer ndi anzake anagwiritsa ntchito kusiyana-mu-kusiyana estimator ndipo anapezeka ndi deta kuposa anafunika kuthana awo funso kafukufuku. M'malo kugwiritsa ntchito deta mokwanira, iwo akanakhoza anaphunzira kukula mmene monga ntchito Pre-mankhwala akuti maganizo. Monga Schultz et al. (2007) anapeza kuti zotsatira za mankhwala zinali zosiyana kuwala ndi katundu owerenga, mwina zotsatira za News Amadyetsa anali osiyana anthu amene kale ankakonda nsanamira mauthenga wosangalala (kapena wachisoni). Repurposing zingachititse kuti "usodzi" (Humphreys, Sierra, and Windt 2013) ndi "tsa-kuwakhadzula" (Simmons, Nelson, and Simonsohn 2011) , koma izi makamaka addressable ndi osakaniza malipoti moona (Simmons, Nelson, and Simonsohn 2011) chisanafike m'kaundula (Humphreys, Sierra, and Windt 2013) , ndi njira makina kuphunzira kupewa kuchita pa-koyenera.


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Kodi Mboni za Yehova Zimakhulupilila Kuti Cipembedzo Cao Ndico Cokha Coona?
Normal;Anthu amene amakonda kwambili zacipembedzo ayenela kukhulupilila kuti Mulungu ndi Yesu amavomeleza cipembedzo cao. Ngati sakhulupilila zimenezo, kungakhale kungotaya nthawi kukhala m’cipembedzo cimeneco.
Yesu sanavomeleze zimene anthu amakamba kuti pali zipembedzo zambili kapena miseu yambili imene imatsogolela ku cipulumutso. M’malo mwake, iye anati: “
Cipata coloŵela ku moyo n’copapatiza komanso mseu wake ndi wopanikiza, ndipo amene akuupeza ndi oŵelengeka.” (Mateyu 7:14) A Mboni za Yehova amakhulupilila kuti anapeza mseu wakumoyo umenewu. Iwo akanapanda kukhulupilila, akanaloŵa cipembedzo cina.
Dziwani Zambili
UTHENGA WOCOKELA KWA MULUNGU
Kodi Uthenga Wabwino Wonena za Cipembedzo ndi Uti?
Kodi padzakalako nthawi pamene anthu onse adzagwilizana pa kulambila Mulungu woona mmodzi yekha?


text:
1000W IPG pakanema Mtundu CHIKWANGWANI laser kudula Machine
Mawonekedwe
Collocation
Chatekinoloje zomasulira
Chitsanzo
Zofunika & Phunziro pankhaniyi
Anakonza
pempho
1000W IPG pakanema Mtundu CHIKWANGWANI laser kudula Machine
GF-1530JH
Kudula makulidwe Mukafuna
liwiro Tchati
1000W IPG Closed Type Fiber Laser Cutting Machine GF-1530JH
Main Mbali
1000W IPG pakanema Mtundu CHIKWANGWANI laser kudula Machine
GF-1530JH
luso mfundo
MUNGAFUNE laser - CHIKWANGWANI chamawonedwe laser kudula ZIGAWO NKHANI
CHIKWANGWANI laser kudula Chitsulo Phunziro pankhaniyi Makampani
• Mapepala zitsulo yonama • nduna Magetsi • pamalo • mbali Automotive • Aviation & Azamlengalenga • kuunika nyali • zamanja Chitsulo & chokongoletsera • zida hardware • Malonda • Mipando • kukhitchini zida • zida Fitness • zida Medical • ulimi ndi nkhalango makina
CHIKWANGWANI laser Chitsulo kudula poonekera


text:
15w anatsogolera msewu getsi
mankhwala Mwatsatanetsatane
chizindikiro
ntchito
Tags mankhwala
E40 20W anatsogolera msewu kuwala e40 24w anatsogolera msewu kuwala e40 28w anatsogolera msewu kuwala e40 32w anatsogolera msewu kuwala
e40 36w anatsogolera msewu kuwala 40w msewu getsi E40 msewu getsi 42w 48w anatsogolera msewu getsi
54w msewu getsi 60w msewu nyale E40 80W msewu kuwala E40 anatsogolera msewu kuwala 100w
An LED msewu kuwala ndi kuwala Integrated kuti amagwiritsa LEDs monga gwero lake kuwala. Amenewa amaonedwa magetsi Integrated chifukwa, nthawi zambiri, ndi luminaireand ndi fixtureare kulekanitsa mbali (kupatula luminaires LEDGine ofotokoza). Latsopano opangira, ndi LED limodzi kuwala wasindikizidwa pa gulu ndipo kenako anasonkhana kwa gulu LED ndi kutentha ndi sinkto kukhala Integrated kuyatsa fixture.
yosiyanasiyana zinalengedwa zofotokoza zosiyanasiyana LEDs mu getsi. Masiku panopa ndi ntchito mkulu mphamvu 1 Watt LEDs, koma ena makampani ntchito otsika mphamvu LEDs mu malonda awo, kuphatikizapo LEDs angapo otsika mphamvu odzaza pamodzi kuchita cholinga chomwecho monga mphamvu umodzi mkulu LED. Mawonekedwe a theLED kuwala msewu kumatengera zifukwa zambiri, kuphatikizapo kasinthidwe anatsogozedwa, kutentha lakuya ntchito ndi LEDs, ndi zokongoletsa kapangidwe mukufunira.
Kutentha limalephera nyali LED msewu ofanana mu kapangidwe kuti limalephera kutentha ntchito kuziziritsa zamagetsi zina monga kompyuta. Kutentha limalephera amakonda ndi grooves ambili kuti magawowa otaya mpweya otentha kuchokera LEDs lapansi. M'dera la kuwombola kutentha utsogoleri bwanji kutalika kwa moyo wa LED kuwala msewu.
The kutalika kwa moyo wa LED kuwala msewu anatsimikiza ndi kuwala linanena bungwe ake poyerekeza ndi kapangidwe mfundo zake zoyambirira. Kamodzi kuwala kwake amachepetsa ndi 70 peresenti, ndi LED kuwala msewu imatengedwa kukhala pa mapeto a moyo wake.
Ambiri LED nyali msewu ndi mandala pa gulu LED, limene lakonzedwa kuti aponye kuwala kwake mu chitsanzo amakona anayi, mwayi poyerekeza magetsi miyambo msewu, amene amazunzika ndi imaonetsa mbali kumbuyo kwa paipi nyale ndi sodium. Pankhaniyi zambiri luminance wa kuwala atayika zipange kuwala pollutionin mpweya ndi ozungulira chilengedwe. Nyali zimenezi msewu zina chifukwa glare madalaivala ndi oyenda pansi.
A drawback wa LED cholinga mapanelo kuli kuwala walangizidwa msewu, ndi zochepa kuwala kwa footpaths ndi m'madera ena. Izi angalunjikitsidwe ntchito yapadera mandala kapangidwe ndi chosinthika kukhazikitsidwa spigots.
mphamvu Mwachangu
Kwenikweni likulimbikitsa ofLED msewu kuunikira ndi mphamvu Mwachangu poyerekeza incandescent mababu a luminance chomwecho. Akatswiri kusintha Mwachangu zitsanzo atsopano. Limodzi pasadakhale ngati angapezeke mu msewu kuwala cholengedwa chopangidwa ndi kuunika Science Gulu Corporation. chitsanzo chimodzi cha magetsi msewu LED opangidwa ndi gulu ili peresenti 60 imayenera kuposa zitsanzo yapita, kumatenga zaka 12, ndipo walola chifukwa cha mtengo kuchira kudzera ndalama mphamvu mu zaka zitatu zokha.
An LED msewu kuwala zochokera 901 milliwattoutput anatsogolera akhoza bwinobwino kubala yofanana (kapena kuposa) luminance monga kuwala mwambo, koma amafuna theka la mowa mphamvu.
Monga LED kuyatsa mindandanda yamasewera zambiri kubala zochepa lumen / Watt zounikira ndi zofunika kwambiri kukhala bwino anagawira chiwalitsiro chitsanzo kuti achite ntchito mofanana lumen apamwamba / Watt ochiritsira mindandanda yamasewera. Choncho yamamangidwe abwino kwa magetsi LED msewu ndicho kuwalozera LEDs osiyana mu fixture wina kuti mfundo zosiyanasiyana chandamale.
20w anatsogolera msewu kuwala, 20w anatsogolera streetlight, e40 zinachititsa magetsi msewu Ubwino
mowa Low mphamvu ndi yaitali ndi zodziwikiratu moyo
The moyo wa zounikira LED msewu kawirikawiri 10 zaka 15, katatu moyo wa umisiri panopa atsopano. LEDs komanso kukhala otsika mtengo yokonza.
kumathima
LEDs akhoza anaphimbidwa pamene zochepa kuyatsa msewu chofunika, monga usiku mochedwa ndipo m'mawa oyambirira.
Small phukusi kukula
More molondola mtundu mamasuliridwe
Mtundu mamasuliridwe index ndi luso gwero kuwala molondola kubereka mitundu ya zinthu poyerekezera abwino kuwala gwero.
Nayenso Quick osinthasintha
Mosiyana ndi mababu fulorosenti, amene kutenga nthawi kuti kutenthetsa kamodzi anazimitsa pa, LEDs kuyatsa yomweyo, ndipo alibe vuto restarting yomweyo pambuyo anangotsika (otentha poyatsira).
RoHS kugwilizana
LEDs mulibe Hg / PB ndipo musati zimatulutsa gasi wakupha.
Pasanathe wokongola kwa tizilombo nocturnal
Tizilombo ali tcheru kwa dzuwa buluu ndi wobiriwira m'chigawo cha kuwala sipekitiramu. tizilombo usiku amakopeka ndi umuna wa UV buluu ndi kuwala wobiriwira kwa ochiritsira magwero kuwala. LEDs White Komabe, zimatulutsa kuwala nsonga yaing'ono osiyanasiyana buluu ndi ang'onoang'ono mu osiyanasiyana wobiriwira, kotero tizilombo usiku ndi zochepa anakopeka mabuku kuwala.
Easy kupanga sanali glare zida kuyatsa
Ambiri LED nyali msewu ndi mandala pa gulu LED, limene lakonzedwa kuti aponye kuwala kwake mu chitsanzo amakona anayi, mwayi poyerekeza magetsi miyambo msewu, amene amazunzika ndi imaonetsa mbali kumbuyo kwa paipi nyale ndi sodium. Pankhaniyi zambiri luminance wa kuwala atayika zipange kuipitsa kuwala mu mlengalenga ndi ozungulira chilengedwe. Nyali zimenezi msewu zina chifukwa glare madalaivala ndi oyenda pansi.
Apamwamba kuwala linanena bungwe ngakhale pa otsika kutentha


text:
Zambiri za ine ?
Ndine yani
Wokondedwa mlendo. Ndimadziwika kuti Michel, mnyamata yemwe amakonda kwambiri ulendo.
Popeza anali kukhala m'mayiko 7 (France, Mexico, Ukraine, Poland, Germany, Switzerland, Belarus), anagwira ntchito monga mlangizi wapadziko lonse kwa zaka 8 m'mayiko oposa 15, anapita ku mayiko oposa 40, atatenga ndege zoposa 500, usiku usiku mu hotelo chaka chatha nokha, ndikukonzekera maulendo onse, ndikuyembekezera zinthu zabwino koposa, njira yabwino yokomana ndi anthu, ndi njira yotsika mtengo yosangalatsa, kuyenda sizongokhala zokondweretsa, koma njira ya moyo .
Zaka 4 zapitazo, ndakhala ndikukhala ndi zinthu ziwiri - ndipo palibe kenanso: thumba langa lofufuzidwa ndi thumba langa.
Mu maulendo onsewa, zomwe zinali zofunika kwambiri ndizochitikira zokhudzana ndi moyo: kukumana ndi anthu atsopano, kuyesa zinthu zatsopano, zonse ndikukhala otetezeka ndikugwiritsa ntchito bwino.
Chifukwa chiyani malangizo anga? Zomwe ndikukumana nazo zidzakutsogolerani ku maulendo abwino, onse omwe amayesedwa ndikuvomerezedwa.
Mawu okondedwa? 'Pamene simukukhala paliponse, mumamva pakhomo kulikonse'
Travel reference ?
Travel reference
StarAlliance : Wagulu wa golidi Miles+Bonus (Aegean Airlines umembala) ndi Woyenda Ulendo ndi Miles&More (Lufthansa / SWISS / LOT / Austrian Chiwerengero cha anthu a siliva)
Mwamba (kapena osati apamwamba) mlingo wa mamembala ku makina angapo a hotelo: Concierge at Club Carlson, Platinum at Accor hotels, Diamondi ali Wyndham rewards,Gold Elite pa Intercontinental Hotel Group
Genius membala wa Booking.com
Upainiya Couchsurfing, ndi zoposa 100+ zomwe zachitika pazaka
Ambassador pa Blablacar
Chifukwa chiyani webusaitiyi ?
Chifukwa chiyani webusaitiyi
Kupeza malo abwino oti mukhaleko kungakhale chinthu cholepheretsa: komwe mungapite, bwanji kupita kumalo, komwe mungakhale, zomwe mungachite, zomwe mungachite, ndi ndalama zochuluka bwanji, zomwe muyenera kuziganizira, ...
Mafunso ochuluka kuti ayankhe, ndipo nthawi zonse vuto lomwelo: kupeza malo odalirika a chidziwitso, monga mawebusaiti a ndondomeko yowonongeka amadzaza ndi malangizowo osiyanasiyana omwe nthawi zambiri amawakhulupirira ndi kumvetsa.
Chonde khalani wouziridwa ndi ndemanga pa webusaitiyi, onse omwe adayesedwa.
Ndipo ngati mukufuna thandizo lokonzekera ulendo wanu kapena malangizo anu, musazengereze kuyankhulana
Mapu anga oyendayenda ?
Mapu anga oyendayenda
Mayiko 43, ndipo akuwerengabebe!
Kawirikawiri ndikufunsa funso lotsatira: Ndimakonda dziko liti, kapena mudzi uti, umene ndimakonda kwambiri.
Izi n'zosatheka kuyankha.
Malo aliwonse ali ndi zowonjezera ndi zochepa, pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana: chakudya, nyengo, anthu, mitengo, ntchito, ...
Akukufunsani kuti mupeze kudzoza, komanso kuti mupeze maulendo achimwemwe ndi otetezeka.


text:
RBSiC (SiSiC) Sangalalani chubu, Chisoni angongole pakachitsulo carbide uvuni mipando
mankhwala Mwatsatanetsatane
Tags mankhwala
Mphamvu mkulu kutentha, makutidwe ndi okosijeni kukana, mkulu kwamakokedwe mphamvu, dzimbiri-kukana, chabwino matenthedwe madutsidwe ndi matenthedwe mantha kulimbikira Chisoni angongole SiC umathandiza Mlengi wa otsika misa uvuni zogwiriziza. mankhwala uvuni monga woonda mipanda matabwa, posts, setters, burner nozzles ndi masikono. The zigawo zikuluzikulu kuchepetsa misa matenthedwe magalimoto uvuni, zimabweretsa ndalama mphamvu ndi kupereka mwayi woti mankhwala matulukidwe mofulumira.
fakitale ZPC chimagwiritsidwa kuyamikiridwa lomasula umafunika khalidwe pakachitsulo carbide chowala chubu ndi burner nozzle ku msika. Izi ntchito m'mafakitale zosiyanasiyana monga yoyenda uvuni, wodzigudubuza moto uvuni ndi mumphangayo uvuni. Komanso, awa amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu kilns angapo mafakitale, zomwe ndi mafuta mafuta ndi gasi mafuta. Komanso, awa amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu makampani zoweta ndi achilendo. Awa inamangidwa mothandizidwa za makina atsopano & zida. makhalidwe awo osiyanasiyana ali motere:
Sangalalani chubu ndi mkulu kutentha matenthedwe madutsidwe, chabwino, mwamsanga kuzirala mu kukana kutentha, kukana kuti makutidwe ndi okosijeni, matenthedwe mantha kulimbikira wabwino, moyo wautali, kudzera lawi la makampani chitsulo ndi zitsulo yadothi ndi abwino matenthedwe mawonekedwe zakuthupi.


text: Ife Han Xin magetsi ndi katswiri kampani imene chakudya hayidiroliki ndi pneumatic maginito coils. Han Xin anakhazikitsidwa mu Korea South nalowa msika Chinese mu 1998. Popeza maziko ake, wasonkhanitsa gulu la ogwira zina zamakono ndi kunja mtanda wa equipments yachilendo patsogolo ndi zipangizo (Korea ndi South zida ndi German enameled waya), amene ali mlingo lonse yopangira mankhwala ofanana. Iwo ayesa chipangizo minutely ndipo akuchita zonse ndondomeko strictly.The mankhwala taguliswa mazana mafakitale pneumatic ndi hayidiroliki. Ife amaumirira khalidwe German ndi mitengo Chinese kwa makasitomala. Ndi kukula mofulumira anthu ndi zosintha zonse luso mafakitale, Han Xin researches mu ndipo akufotokozera zatsopano nthawi zonse ndipo anakhulupirira mwa makasitomala.


text:
The Siena wakhala alendo pa msewu Buku mfundo ndi chochitika "ufa&Gloria – The amunamuna MU Moto "; amene ankakonda kukoma woyamba offroad, “Il CLASSICO” propone un salto di livello, ndi njira pafupifupi pang'ono’ zambiri luso koma nthawi yosangalatsa ndi onse!- kuti mapeto adzakupatsani amasangalala onse malo amene akuyendetsa!!
Rispetto a “Polvere&Gloria” lasceremo quindi a casa l’eventuale passeggero, komanso moyenera ife phiri matayara’ zogoba (NO, mapeto vitwalo kwathunthu pa malo!); ndiyeno -considerato njira si signposted- masana ndi madzulo a Lachisanu -completate ntchito phwando- ife tikadzipereke kwa tima Inde lathu, GPS navigation ndi kuwerenga buku msewu, ndiyeno tinafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane za njanji.
Mtima wa mwambo ndi kumene Loweruka, wodzazidwa ndi njira, amene mawonekedwe yake zinachitika kwa 200 Km, theka phula ndi theka miyala msewu. Kumaphatikizaponso ochepa "wapadera", amene asungike madalaivala kwambiri odziwa, tsopano Lamlungu mmawa, ndi thandizo la Federal IMF Alangizi, kubwerera kuphunzira, ndiponso mwina amayesa, pamaso pa ulendo ku m'chipinda chapansi vinyo ndi mkate zapamwamba zimene kusindikiza atakumana.


text:
240w C mndandanda anatsogolera mumphangayo kuwala
mankhwala Mwatsatanetsatane
chizindikiro
ntchito
Tags mankhwala
1. yodziyimira payokha kalembedwe kamangidwe, zosavuta kuti asonkhane, m'malo ndi kukonza, ndi aluminum zipsepse heatsink wowonjezera kutentha likumira m'deralo.
2. nyale thupi unapangidwa mkulu kalasi 1060 Aluminiyamu ndi Integrated mitundu. Zonyamula dzimbiri ndi mkulu matenthedwe madutsidwe. Onse wononga, mtedza ndi mbali ina ing'onoing'ono anapangidwa ndi SUS304 zosapanga dzimbiri, sungani nyali khola.
3. bulaketi mosavuta chosinthika ndi mabowo osiyana kwabasi ndi bulaketi, kukumana kuunikira ntchito zosiyanasiyana.
4. Mawonedwe ndi mtengo ngodya 60 ° * 60 °, 90 ° * 90 ° ndi 90 ° * 100 ° ndi okhulupirika. Disolo ali mkulu kuwala transmittance, malawi wamtundu uliwonse, odana kumva kuwawa ndi UV-umboni, kupereka kuwala yogawa kwambiri.
luso mfundo


text:
XHY250 hayidiroliki mbuyo Fusion kuwotcherera Machine
mankhwala Mwatsatanetsatane
Tags mankhwala
1: Mbali:
- The zopangira ya chimango Makina zotayidwa ZL104, ndi kuunika koma amphamvu, ndi imodzi mwa nkhani yabwino kwa makina.
- Waukulu magetsi zida zinthu zabwino china, ambiri kunja kwa abroads.
- PTFE zochotseka TACHIMATA chotenthetsera ndi osiyana dongosolo kulamulira kutentha, kutentha akhoza lizilamuliridwa ndi osiyanasiyana osachepera.
- The facer magetsi utenga kusintha awiri zotsogola masamba, zomwe mungapange kudula zotsatira changwiro choposa.
2: mfundo:
3: Easy ntchito.
Previous: XHY200 hayidiroliki mbuyo Zisudzo kuwotcherera makina
Ena: XHY315-90 hayidiroliki mbuyo Fusion kuwotcherera Machine


text:
A Chofiira Wongosangalatsa
Uttarakhand anatchuka chifukwa rhododendrons ake, amene anayamba pachimake m'mwezi wa February ndipo anali ulendo wanga chofiira. Kutenga cue ku anyani kuti timakonda kudya maluwa chipatso ichi, ambiri achita madzi a maluwa. Koma mbale kuti ayesedwe ndi rhododendron pakoras. maluwa ndi wotchuka kwambiri pakati opanga madzi. Motero, si kwapafupi kuti abwere ndi maluwa rhododendron kugulitsidwa mu masamba Mandi. Choncho akuyamba chofuna kusonkhanitsa maluwa ngati inu kukhala fritters izi crispy.
Anakwanitsa
Nylp iyoyomwe angapo mitengo Rhododendron, ndipo pamene yamoto limamasula wofiira zimayamba kuoneka, ayenera kukatenga pamaso anyani ndi Langoors kuchita. Ngakhale asanachite izi, sitinadziƔebe zokwanira kwa mbale wonse pakoras. tikuyesetsa anayamba kupeza zambiri. Amatikumbutsa nthawi yaitali wapita nthawi pamene munthu kutenga chakudya kuchokera kuthengo m'malo kugula izo kumsika, amene ali ndi kupita ku nkhalango ndi kuyesa kunyamula maluwa mitengo. While they look sturdy, the trees are treacherously dangerous to climb. Mwamwayi, Tanuja, a trained mountain climber, anatha kupeza mitengo angapo mu pachimake zonse. Nayenso apanga zidule nifty kuti kwa maluwa. Ine kukhutira ndekha ndi kutola ndi pamakhala pansi.
m'kupita, pambuyo kusakasaka m'nkhalango, ife asonkhana zokwanira mbale wodzala pakoras ulendo wathu ku Nayalap.
No pakoras akhalako analawa mokomera, kapena ndinene tangier! The Mwakhama anatola maluwa, pambuyo kuchapa ndi kuyeretsa iwo, anali enaake anayesa TACHIMATA mu naomba zopangidwa ndi ufa mpunga kenako yokazinga ndi crispness wosakhwima. The crunch wa naomba mpunga, wothira mosayembekezera yowutsa mudyo Tang wa rhododendrons kukhala ndi chidwi zinachitikira dovu.


text:
XHY315-90 hayidiroliki mbuyo Fusion kuwotcherera Machine
mankhwala Mwatsatanetsatane
Tags mankhwala
: Mbali:
- The zopangira ya chimango Makina zotayidwa ZL104, ndi kuunika koma amphamvu, ndi imodzi mwa nkhani yabwino kwa makina.
- Waukulu magetsi zida zinthu zabwino china, ambiri kunja kwa abroads.
- PTFE zochotseka TACHIMATA chotenthetsera ndi osiyana dongosolo kulamulira kutentha, kutentha akhoza lizilamuliridwa ndi osiyanasiyana osachepera.
- The facer magetsi utenga kusintha awiri zotsogola masamba, zomwe mungapange kudula zotsatira changwiro choposa.
2: mfundo:
3: Easy ntchito.
1. wotsika kuyamba-mmwamba kuthamanga kupanga yaing'ono awiri chitoliro china chotulutsa odalirika kwambiri.
2. kuwotcherera malo angasinthe kuti ndi yabwino kuwotcherera mitundu yonse ya zovekera chitoliro.
3. standalone wapawiri njira powerengetsera Kodi alembe onse kutentha ndi yozizira maola, pamene nthawi yatha, ndi powerengetsera adzakupatsani alamu.
4. High-mwatsatanetsatane shockproof kuthamanga n'zotsimikizira ndi oyimba waukulu zosavuta kuwerenga.
4: Service.
1. chaka chimodzi chitsimikizo, maintenance.provide moyo wautali kwabasi ndi kukonza kunja.
2. Mu nthawi chitsimikizo, ngati chifukwa sanali yokumba kuonongeka angathe kutenga akale kusintha latsopano kwaulere. Kuchokera nthawi chitsimikizo, tikhoza kupereka utumiki yokonza (mtengo mtengo chuma).


text: Our factory is established in Cangzhou of Hebei - the hometown of China Pipeline Equipment. Ife posess patsogolo equipments zoweta ndi kunja monga mizere 16 mwauzimu-zitsulo chitoliro kupanga kubala awiri 219-3620mm, khoma makulidwe 4-30 mamilimita and 4 anayi patsogolo basi JCOE zitsulo chitoliro mizere kupanga okhazikika kupanga molunjika iwiri amaganiza adalowetsedwa Arc kuwotcherera chitoliro, ndi mfundo ya mankhwala mu mzere uwu ndi 400 - 1500 mamilimita kwa m'mimba mwake, 3 mamita 12 mamita kwa nthawi yaitali, 8 mamilimita 60 mamilimita kwa khoma makulidwe, 3 lalikulu ndi amakona anayi basi mizere kupanga ndi Madziwo kupanga kupanga line.The hemayo equipments ntchito kubala mipope lalikulu zitsulo ndi 30-800mm kwa m'mimba mwake, 3-40 mamilimita kwa khoma makulidwe ndi mipope kosatayana zitsulo ndi 325-1420mm kwa m'mimba mwake, 8-40mm khoma makulidwe. Zamgululi ankagwiritsa ntchito makina opanga, shipbuilding, galimoto, mkulu-nyamuka nyumba, lalikulu kapangidwe zitsulo, zitsulo kapangidwe nyumba, wanga, zitsulo thandizo, mpweya kayendedwe, mayendedwe madzi, mafuta migodi zoyendera nsanja, etc.