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Yehova Amatsogolera Anthu Ake
“Yehova azidzakutsogolerani nthawi zonse.”—YES. 58:11.
NYIMBO: 152, 22
1, 2. (a) Kodi a Mboni za Yehova amasiyana bwanji ndi zipembedzo zina? (b) Kodi tikambirana chiyani m’nkhaniyi komanso yotsatira?
ANTHU ambiri amakonda kutifunsa kuti: “Kodi mtsogoleri wanu ndi ndani?” Zimenezi n’zosadabwitsa chifukwa choti m’zipembedzo zambiri mumakhala munthu mmodzi amene amatsogolera. Koma ife timasangalala kuuza anthu kuti Mtsogoleri wathu ndi wangwiro osati munthu wochimwa. Ife timatsatira Khristu ndipo Khristuyo amatsatira Atate wake Yehova.—Mat. 23:10.
2 Ngakhale zili choncho, pali kagulu ka anthu kotchedwa “kapolo wokhulupirika ndi wanzeru” kamene kamatsogolera anthu a Mulungu masiku ano. (Mat. 24:45) Ndiye kodi timadziwa bwanji kuti Yehova akutitsogolera pogwiritsa ntchito Mwana wake yemwe sitingamuone? M’nkhaniyi komanso yotsatira, tikambirana mmene Yehova wakhala akugwiritsira ntchito anthu ena potsogolera anthu ake. Tionanso maumboni atatu otsimikizira kuti Yehova ndi amene akutsogolera anthu ake ndipo wakhala akugwiritsa ntchito anthu ena.—Yes. 58:11.
ANKATHANDIZIDWA NDI MZIMU WOYERA
3. N’chiyani chinathandiza Mose kuti azitsogolera Aisiraeli?
3 Mzimu woyera unkathandiza anthu amene Mulungu ankawagwiritsa ntchito. Taganizirani za Mose amene Mulungu anamusankha kuti atsogolere Aisiraeli. Kodi n’chiyani chinamuthandiza kuti akwanitse kugwira ntchito yovutayi? Yehova “anaika mzimu wake woyera mwa iye.” (Werengani Yesaya 63:11-14.) Yehova ankatsogolera anthu ake pogwiritsa ntchito Mose ndipo ankamuthandiza ndi mzimu wake woyera.
4. Kodi n’chiyani chikanathandiza Aisiraeli kudziwa kuti Mose anali ndi mzimu wa Mulungu? (Onani chithunzi patsamba 18.)
4 Popeza mzimu woyera suoneka, kodi Aisiraeli akanadziwa bwanji kuti Mose ankatsogoleredwa ndi mzimu? Mzimu woyera unamuthandiza kuti achite zodabwitsa komanso kuti auze Farao za dzina la Yehova. (Eks. 7:1-3) Unamuthandizanso kukhala ndi makhalidwe abwino monga chikondi, kufatsa komanso kuleza mtima. Makhalidwewa ndi amene anamuthandiza kuti azitsogolera bwino Aisiraeli. Izitu n’zosiyana kwambiri ndi mmene atsogoleri ena analili chifukwa anali ankhanza komanso odzikonda. (Eks. 5:2, 6-9) Panali umboni wokwanira woti Yehova anasankha Mose kuti azitsogolera anthu ake.
5. Fotokozani mmene Yehova anathandizira Aisiraeli ena amene ankatsogolera anthu ake.
5 Patapita nthawi, mzimu woyera unathandizanso anthu ena amene Mulungu anawasankha kuti azitsogolera anthu ake. Mwachitsanzo, “Yoswa mwana wa Nuni anali wodzazidwa ndi mzimu wa nzeru.” (Deut. 34:9) “Gidiyoni anagwidwa ndi mzimu wa Yehova.” (Ower. 6:34) Ndiponso “mzimu wa Yehova unayamba kugwira ntchito pa Davide.” (1 Sam. 16:13) Anthu onsewa ankadalira mzimu woyera ndipo unkawathandiza kuchita zinthu zimene sakanakwanitsa paokha. (Yos. 11:16, 17; Ower. 7:7, 22; 1 Sam. 17:37, 50) Ndipo Yehova ndi amene ankatamandidwa chifukwa cha zinthu zimene anthuwa ankachita.
6. Kodi n’chifukwa chiyani Mulungu ankafuna kuti anthu ake azilemekeza atsogoleri awo?
6 Aisiraeli ankafunika kumvera anthu amene ankawatsogolera chifukwa panali umboni wosonyeza kuti anthuwo akuthandizidwa ndi mzimu woyera. Nthawi ina anthu akudandala za Mose, Yehova anafunsa kuti: “Kodi anthu awa apitiriza kundinyoza kufikira liti?” (Num. 14:2, 11) Yehova anasankha Mose, Yoswa, Gidiyoni ndi Davide kuti azitsogolera anthu m’malo mwake. Aisiraeli akamamvera anthu amenewa ankakhala kuti akumvera Yehova.
ANKATHANDIZIDWA NDI ANGELO
7. Kodi angelo anathandiza bwanji Mose?
7 Angelo ankathandiza anthu amene Mulungu ankawagwiritsa ntchito. (Werengani Aheberi 1:7, 14.) Yehova anatuma angelo kuti akauze Mose zochita, akamupatse mphamvu komanso akamutsogolere. Mulungu anasankha Mose kuti akhale “wolamulira ndi mpulumutsi kudzera mwa mngelo amene anaonekera kwa iye pachitsamba chaminga.” (Mac. 7:35) Iye anaperekanso Chilamulo “kudzera mwa angelo” kuti Mose azichigwiritsa ntchito polangiza Aisiraeli. (Agal. 3:19) Ndipo Yehova anauza Mose kuti: “Tsopano atsogolere anthuwa kumalo amene ndakuuza. Taona! Mngelo wanga akhala patsogolo panu.” (Eks. 32:34) Baibulo silinena kuti Aisiraeli ankamuona mngeloyo. Koma zimene Mose ankachita powalangiza komanso kuwatsogolera zinkasonyezeratu kuti ali ndi mphamvu yapadera.
8. Kodi angelo anathandiza bwanji Yoswa ndi Hezekiya?
8 Mose atafa, “kalonga wa gulu lankhondo la Yehova” anathandiza Yoswa kuti atsogolere Aisiraeli pogonjetsa Akanani. (Yos. 5:13-15; 6:2, 21) Pa nthawi ya Mfumu Hezekiya, gulu la asilikali a Asuri linaopseza kuti liwononga Yerusalemu. Koma usiku umodzi wokha, “mngelo wa Yehova anapita kumsasa wa Asuri n’kukapha asilikali 185,000.”—2 Maf. 19:35.
9. N’chifukwa chiyani Aisiraeli ankayenera kumvera atsogoleri awo ngakhale kuti ankalakwitsa zina ndi zina?
9 Angelo ndi angwiro koma anthu amene ankathandizidwa ndi angelowo ankalakwitsa zinthu zina. Mwachitsanzo, pa nthawi ina Mose analephera kulemekeza Mulungu. (Num. 20:12) Nayenso Yoswa anaiwala kufunsa kaye Mulungu asanachite pangano ndi anthu a ku Gibeoni. (Yos. 9:14, 15) Ponena za Hezekiya, Baibulo limati pa nthawi ina “mtima wake unayamba kudzikuza.” (2 Mbiri 32:25, 26) Koma ngakhale kuti anthuwa ankalakwitsa zina ndi zina, Aisiraeli ankayenerabe kuwamvera. Tikutero chifukwa choti Yehova ankatuma angelo kuti aziwathandiza. Choncho mwachidule tingati Yehovayo ndi amene ankatsogolera anthu ake.
ANKATSOGOLEREDWA NDI MAWU A MULUNGU
10. N’chiyani chikusonyeza kuti nayenso Mose ankatsatira malamulo a Mulungu?
10 Anthu amene Mulungu ankawagwiritsa ntchito ankatsogoleredwa ndi Mawu ake. Baibulo limatchula Chilamulo chimene Mulungu anapereka kwa Aisiraeli kuti ndi ‘Chilamulo cha Mose.’ (1 Maf. 2:3) Ngakhale zili choncho, Malemba amasonyeza kuti Yehova ndi amene anapereka malamulowo ndipo Mose nayenso ankafunika kutsatira Chilamulo. (2 Mbiri 34:14) Komanso Yehova atamupatsa malangizo okhudza mmene angapangire chihema, “Mose anachita zonse monga mmene Yehova anamulamulira. Anachitadi momwemo.”—Eks. 40:1-16.
11, 12. (a) Kodi Yoswa komanso mafumu amene ankalamulira anthu a Mulungu anafunika kuchita chiyani? (b) Kodi Mawu a Mulungu anathandiza bwanji anthu amene ankatsogolera Aisiraeli?
11 Yoswa atangoyamba kulamulira anali ndi buku la Mawu a Mulungu. Iye anauzidwa kuti: “Uziliwerenga ndi kusinkhasinkha usana ndi usiku, kuti uonetsetse kuti ukutsatira zonse zolembedwamo.” (Yos. 1:8) Mafumu onse amene ankalamulira anthu a Mulungu ankafunikanso kuchita chimodzimodzi. Iwo ankafunika kukopera Chilamulo, kuchiwerenga tsiku lililonse komanso ‘kusunga mawu onse a chilamulocho, kutinso azitsatira malangizo ake.’—Werengani Deuteronomo 17:18-20.
12 Kodi Mawu a Mulungu anathandiza bwanji anthu amene ankatsogolera Aisiraeli? Tiyeni tione chitsanzo cha Mfumu Yosiya. Buku la Chilamulo litapezeka, mlembi wake anayamba kumuwerengera. * Ndiye kodi iye anatani? “Mfumuyo itangomva mawu a m’buku la chilamulolo, nthawi yomweyo inang’amba zovala zake.” Kuwonjezera pamenepa, Yosiya anayamba chintchito chothetsa kulambira mafano komanso anakonza zoti achite chikondwerero chachikulu cha Pasika. (2 Maf. 22:11; 23:1-23) Popeza kuti Yosiya ndi atsogoleri ena okhulupirika ankatsogoleredwa ndi Mawu a Mulungu, anali ofunitsitsa kusintha malangizo amene ankapatsa anthu a Mulungu. Kusintha kumeneku kunathandiza kuti Aisiraeli azichita zinthu zimene Mulungu amafuna.
13. Kodi anthu amene ankatsogolera Aisiraeli ankasiyana bwanji ndi mafumu a mitundu ina?
13 Anthu okhulupirika amene ankatsogolera Aisiraeli anali osiyana ndi mafumu a mitundu ina. Tikutero chifukwa chakuti mafumu enawo ankayendera nzeru za anthu ndipo sankaona patali. Mu ulamuliro wa Akanani anthu ankachita zinthu zoipa monga kugonana pachibale, kugonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, kugonana ndi nyama, kupereka ana nsembe komanso kulambira kwambiri mafano. (Lev. 18:6, 21-25) Nawonso atsogoleri a ku Babulo ndi ku Iguputo sankatsatira malangizo aukhondo amene Mulungu anapatsa Aisiraeli. (Num. 19:13) Koma anthu amene ankatsogolera Aisiraeli ankalimbikitsa ukhondo, makhalidwe abwino ndiponso kulambira Yehova yekha. N’zoonekeratu kuti Yehova ndi amene ankawatsogolera.
14. N’chifukwa chiyani Yehova ankalanga mafumu ena amene ankatsogolera anthu ake?
14 Si mafumu onse a anthu a Mulungu amene ankatsatira malangizo a Mulunguyo. Ndipo mafumu amene sankamvera Yehova ankakana kutsogoleredwa ndi mzimu woyera, angelo komanso Mawu a Mulungu. Zikatero, Yehova ankawalanga kapena kuwachotsa pa udindo. (1 Sam. 13:13, 14) Pa nthawi yake, Yehova anasankha mtsogoleri wabwino kuposa wina aliyense.
YEHOVA ANASANKHA MTSOGOLERI WABWINO KWAMBIRI
15. (a) Kodi aneneri anasonyeza bwanji kuti kunkabwera mtsogoleri wabwino kwambiri? (b) Kodi mtsogoleri amene analoseredwayu ndi ndani?
15 Kwa zaka zambiri, Yehova analosera kuti adzasankha mtsogoleri wabwino kwambiri wa anthu ake. Mwachitsanzo, Mose anauza Aisiraeli kuti: “Yehova Mulungu wanu adzakupatsani mneneri ngati ine, kuchokera pakati panu, kuchokera pakati pa abale anu, ndipo inu mudzamvere mneneri ameneyo.” (Deut. 18:15) Yesaya ananena kuti wosankhidwayo adzakhala “mtsogoleri ndi wolamulira.” (Yes. 55:4) Pomwe Danieli anauziridwa kulemba zoti kudzabwera “Mesiya Mtsogoleri.” (Dan. 9:25) Ndiyeno Yesu mwiniwake ananena kuti iyeyo ndi “Mtsogoleri” wa anthu a Mulungu. (Werengani Mateyu 23:10.) Ophunzira ake ankamutsatira ndi mtima wonse ndipo sankakayikira zoti ndi wosankhidwa ndi Mulungu. (Yoh. 6:68, 69) Kodi n’chiyani chinkawatsimikizira kuti Yehova wasankha Yesu Khristu kuti azitsogolera anthu ake?
16. N’chiyani chikusonyeza kuti Yesu ankathandizidwa ndi mzimu woyera?
16 Yesu ankathandizidwa ndi mzimu woyera. Pamene iye ankabatizidwa, Yohane anaona “kumwamba kukutseguka, ndiponso mzimu ukutsika ngati nkhunda kudzamutera.” Kenako “mzimuwo unamulimbikitsa kupita kuchipululu.” (Maliko 1:10-12) Mzimu woyera unkathandiza Yesu pa nthawi yonse imene anali padzikoli moti ankachita zodabwitsa komanso kulankhula ndi mphamvu zochokera kwa Mulungu. (Mac. 10:38) Mzimu woyera unathandizanso Yesu kukhala ndi makhalidwe abwino monga chikondi, chimwemwe ndiponso chikhulupiriro cholimba. (Yoh. 15:9; Aheb. 12:2) Palibe mtsogoleri ngakhale mmodzi amene ankachita zinthu ngati Yesu. N’zosachita kufunsa kuti Yesu anasankhidwadi ndi Yehova.
17. Kodi angelo anathandiza bwanji Yesu?
17 Yesu ankathandizidwa ndi angelo. Pasanapite nthawi yaitali kuchokera pamene Yesu anabatizidwa, “kunabwera angelo ndi kuyamba kum’tumikira.” (Mat. 4:11) Kutatsala maola ochepa kuti aphedwe, “mngelo wochokera kumwamba anaonekera kwa iye ndi kumulimbikitsa.” (Luka 22:43) Yesu ankadziwa kuti Yehova azimutumizira angelo pa nthawi yoyenera kuti amuthandize kukwaniritsa chifuniro cha Mulungu.—Mat. 26:53.
18, 19. N’chiyani chikusonyeza kuti Yesu ankatsatira Mawu a Mulungu pa moyo wake komanso pophunzitsa anthu?
18 Yesu ankatsogoleredwa ndi Mawu a Mulungu. Yesu atangoyamba utumiki wake, ankalola kuti Mawu a Mulungu azimutsogolera. (Mat. 4:4) Iye ankamvera Mawu a Mulungu mpaka kufika pololera kuphedwa pamtengo wozunzikirapo. Ngakhale mawu amene ananena atatsala pang’ono kufa anali ochokera m’maulosi onena za Mesiya. (Mat. 27:46; Luka 23:46) Koma atsogoleri achipembedzo a nthawi imeneyo ankanyalanyaza Mawu a Mulungu akaona kuti akusemphana ndi miyambo yawo. Ndiyeno Yesu anawafotokoza pogwiritsa ntchito mawu amene Yesaya ananena akuti: “Anthu awa amandilemekeza ndi milomo yokha, koma mtima wawo uli kutali ndi ine. Amandipembedza pachabe, chifukwa amaphunzitsa malamulo a anthu ngati ziphunzitso za Mulungu.” (Mat. 15:7-9) Kodi Yehova akanasankha anthu ngati amenewa kuti azitsogolera anthu ake?
19 Yesu ankatsatira Mawu a Mulungu pa moyo wake komanso pophunzitsa anthu. Ena akamamutsutsa, iye sankawayankha pogwiritsa ntchito nzeru zake kapena zinthu zambirimbiri zimene akudziwa. M’malomwake ankagwiritsa ntchito Malemba. (Mat. 22:33-40) Pophunzitsa anthu, sankawauza zinthu zogometsa zokhudza kumwamba kapena zimene zinachitika polenga zinthu. M’malomwake ‘ankatseguliratu maganizo awo kuti amvetse tanthauzo la Malemba.’ (Luka 24:32, 45) Yesu ankakonda Mawu a Mulungu ndipo ankafunitsitsa kuphunzitsa ena Mawuwo.
20. (a) Kodi Yesu anasonyeza bwanji kuti ankagonjera Mulungu? (b) Kodi kusiyana pakati pa Yesu ndi Herode kukusonyeza bwanji kuti Yehova anasankha bwino mtsogoleri?
20 Anthu ankadabwa ndi “mawu ogwira mtima” amene Yesu ankalankhula. Koma iye ankapereka ulemerero wonse kwa Yehova chifukwa ndi amene anamuphunzitsa. (Luka 4:22) Mwachitsanzo, munthu wina wachuma atamutchula kuti “Mphunzitsi Wabwino,” Yesu anayankha modzichepetsa kuti: “N’chifukwa chiyani ukunditchula kuti wabwino? Palibe wabwino, koma Mulungu yekha.” (Maliko 10:17, 18) Izi n’zosiyana kwambiri ndi zimene Herode Agiripa Woyamba anachita. Iye anakhala mfumu ya Yudeya patadutsa zaka 8 kuchokera pamene Yesu ananena mawuwa. Pa tsiku la msonkhano, Herode anavala “zovala zake zachifumu” n’kuyamba kulankhula. Anthu atamva mawu ake anayamba kufuula kuti: “Amenewa ndi mawu a mulungu, osati a munthu ayi!” Herode ayenera kuti anasangalala ndi mawu amenewa. Ndiye kodi chinachitika n’chiyani? “Nthawi yomweyo mngelo wa Yehova anamukantha, chifukwa sanapereke ulemerero kwa Mulungu. Ndipo anadyedwa ndi mphutsi n’kumwalira.” (Mac. 12:21-23) Kunena zoona, munthu wanzeru zake sangaganize kuti Herode anali mfumu yosankhidwa ndi Yehova. Koma nthawi zonse Yesu ankasonyeza kuti anasankhidwa ndi Mulungu ndipo ankatamanda Yehova chifukwa chakuti ndi Wolamulira Wamkulu wa anthu ake.
21. Kodi tidzakambirana chiyani m’nkhani yotsatira?
21 Ulamuliro wa Yesu si wa zaka zochepa ayi. Paja iye ataukitsidwa ananena kuti: “Ulamuliro wonse waperekedwa kwa ine kumwamba ndi padziko lapansi.” Kenako anati: “Dziwani kuti ine ndili pamodzi ndi inu masiku onse mpaka m’nyengo ya mapeto a nthawi ino.” (Mat. 28:18-20) Popeza Yesu ali kumwamba ndipo sitingamuone, kodi akutsogolera bwanji anthu a Mulungu padzikoli? Kodi Yehova anasankha ndani kuti azitsogolera anthu ake momvera Khristu? Nanga Akhristu angadziwe bwanji anthu amene Mulungu akuwagwiritsa ntchito kuti aziwatsogolera? M’nkhani yotsatira tidzapeza mayankho a mafunso amenewa.
^ ndime 12 Chilamulochi chiyenera kuti chinali chenicheni chimene Mose analemba.


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New Orleans (Louisiana) inali imodzi mwa malo apamwamba kwambiri a chipembedzo cha Voodoo ku United States. Vodou inakhazikitsidwa ku New Orleans kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la khumi ndi zisanu ndi zinayi, kutumizidwa ndi akapolo - komanso "opanda mtundu" - omwe adatsata ambuye awo achifaransa akuthawa kusintha kwa Haiti. Mofanana ndi "msuweni wake" wa Haiti, vodou wa New Orleans anali mgwirizano wa chipembedzo cha Katolika, womwe ulipo ku Louisiana - ndi zipembedzo zachikhalidwe za ku Africa.
Wansembe, Marie Laveau anali mmodzi mwa ziwerengero za voodoo za New Orleans. Atabadwira mfulu ku 1794, Marie Laveau anali mwana wamkazi wa mapulani a Blanc ndi Creole, mawu omwe mumzinda wa Louisiana adasankha anthu omwe amachokera ku Africa, European ndi America (Amwenye). Mu 1819, Marie Laveau anakwatiwa ndi Jacques Paris, wochokera ku Haiti yemwe anamwalira chaka chimodzi panthawi yovuta. Msungwanayo adakhala woveketsa tsitsi kwa makampani olemera oyera ndi namwino pa nthendayi ya chikasu yomwe inagunda mzindawo. Pa nthawiyi, Marie Laveau adayambitsidwa mankhwala komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala. Zambiri mwa moyo wa Marie Laveau amadziwika. Anali wansembe wa voodoo wotchuka komanso woopa - onse akuda ndi anthu oyera - omwe zikondwerero zinakopa anthu ambiri okhulupirika. Mkazi wamalonda wanzeru, amadziwika kwambiri pankhani zachuma ndi zachikondi. Marie Laveau anakhala mkazi wosadziwika wa Christopher Glapion, msilikali amene anali ndi ana a 15. Ukwati woterewu pakati pa White ndi Free Color unali wamba ku New Orleans kumene mabanja "amitundu" analetsedwa.
Marie Laveau anamwalira 16 June 1881. Mkhalidwe wa imfa yake umasiyana malinga ndi magwero. Nyuzipepala zina panthawiyo zinasonyeza kuti anapezeka atadula mutu pamene ena adalengeza kuti wamwalira. Zina zabodza zinachotsa kupezeka kwake mumzinda maola angapo pambuyo pake kulengeza za imfa yake. Mmodzi mwa ana aakazi a Marie Laveau, omwe amatchedwanso Marie, adayambanso ntchito yake ya unsembe. Mmodzi wa anthu otchuka ku chikhalidwe cha New Orleans, Marie Laveau amaikidwa m'manda a Saint Louis kumene manda ake akupitiliza kuyendera.
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Baibulo
Umboni Woti Nkhani za M'Baibulo ndi Zolondola
Kodi Nkhani Zimene Zili M’Baibulo Ndi Nzeru za Anthu?
Taonani mfundo yochititsa chidwi iyi imene ili m’Baibulo.
Kodi Baibulo Ndi Lochokera kwa Mulungu?
Anthu ambiri amene analemba Baibulo amati analemba maganizo a Mulungu. N’chifukwa chiyani amatero?
Kodi Mose Ndi Amene Analemba Baibulo?
Mose analemba nawo Baibulo? Kodi ndi anthu angati amene analemba Baibulo?
Kodi Pali Munthu Amene Angadziwe Amene Analembadi Baibulo?
Anthu amene analemba Baibulo amati anauziridwa ndi Mulungu. Kodi tiyenera kukhulupirira zimene anthuwo analemba?
Kodi Baibulo Linasinthidwa Kapena Kusokonezedwa?
Popeza kuti Baibulo ndi buku lakalekale, kodi tingatsimikize bwanji kuti uthenga wake ndi wolondola mpaka pano?
Kodi Sayansi Imagwirizana ndi Baibulo?
Kodi m’Baibulo muli mfundo zolakwika zokhudza sayansi?
Kodi Baibulo Ndi Buku la Azungu?
Kodi anthu amene analemba Baibulo anabadwira kuti, ndipo kwawo kunali kuti?
Kodi Nkhani Zokhudza Moyo wa Yesu Zinalembedwa Liti?
Kodi panapita nthawi yaitali bwanji kuchokera pamene Yesu anafa kufika pamene mabuku a Uthenga Wabwino analembedwa?
Kuwerenga Baibulo Komanso Kulimvetsa
N’chiyani Chingakuthandizeni Kumvetsa Baibulo?
Kaya ndife anthu otani, tikhoza kumvetsa uthenga wa Mulungu umene uli m’Malemba Opatulika.
Kodi Nkhani za M’Baibulo Zimatsutsana?
Onani nkhani zina za m’Baibulo zimene zimaoneka ngati zimatsutsana komanso mfundo zimene zingakuthandizeni kuti mumvetse nkhanizo.
Kodi Baibulo Limatanthauza Chiyani Likamanena Kuti “Mawu?”
M’Baibulo, mawu amatanthauza zinthu zingapo
Kodi Lamulo Lakuti “Diso Kulipira Diso” Limatanthauza Chiyani?
Kodi lamulo lakuti “diso kulipira diso” linkapereka ufulu woti anthu azibwezerana?
Kodi Malamulo Khumi a Mulungu Ndi Chiyani?
Kodi malamulowo anaperekedwa kwa ndani? Kodi Akhristu ayenera kuwatsatira?
Kodi Tora N’chiyani?
Kodi analemba Tora ndi ndani? Kodi zimene zili mu Tora ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mpaka kalekale ndipo siziyenera kunyalanyazidwa?
Ulosi Komanso Zimene Ukuimira
Kodi Ulosi Umatanthauza Chiyani?
Kodi ulosi uliwonse wochokera kwa Mulungu umaneneratu zam’tsogolo? Ayi, osati nthawi zonse.
Kodi Maulosi Onena za Mesiya Amatsimikizira Kuti Yesu Analidi Mesiya?
Kodi a Mesiya analipo angapo?
Kodi Manambala Otchulidwa M’Baibulo Amaimira Chiyani? Nanga Kukhulupirira Manambala N’kogwirizana ndi Mfundo za M’Baibulo?
Onani zimene manambala ena amaimira m’Baibulo, ndipo dziwani chifukwa chake zimenezi zili zosiyana ndi kukhulupirira manambala.
Kodi Ulosi wa M’Baibulo Umatiuza Zotani pa Nkhani ya Chaka cha 1914?
Ulosi wa “nthawi zokwanira 7” wopezeka mu Danieli chaputala 4 umasonyeza nthawi yapadera yokhudza ulamuliro wa anthu.
Kodi dzina la buku la m’Baibulo, lakuti Chivumbulutso, limatanthauza chiyani?
Kodi Dzina la Buku la M’Baibulo, Lakuti Chivumbulutso, Limatanthauza Chiyani?
Kodi “Alefa ndi Omega ndi Ndani”?
N’chifukwa chiyani dzina limeneli ndi loyenera?
Kodi Yerusalemu Watsopano N’chiyani?
Kodi mzinda umenewu uli ndi ubwino wotani kwa inu?
Kodi Chilombo cha Mitu 7 Chotchulidwa M’buku la Chivumbulutso Chaputala 13, Chikuimira Chiyani?
Chilombo chili ndi ulamuliro, mphamvu komanso mpando wachifumu. Kodi ulosi wa m’Baibulo umanenanso zotani zokhudza chilombochi?
Kodi Chilombo Chofiira Kwambiri Chomwe Chimatchulidwa M’chaputala 17 cha Chivumbulutso Chimaimira Chiyani?
Werengani nkhaniyi kuti mudziwe mfundo 6 zimene zingakuthandizeni kudziwa chilombo chotchulidwa mu chivumbulutso chaputala 17.
Kodi Nambala ya 666 Imatanthauza Chiyani?
Baibulo limatithandiza kudziwa tanthauzo la nambala ya 666 komanso chizindikiro cha chilombo.
Kodi Babulo Wamkulu N’chiyani?
Baibulo limanena kuti Babulo Wamkulu amatchedwanso kuti hule ndi mzinda.
Kodi Nyanja ya Moto N’chiyani? Kodi ndi Yofanana ndi Gehena?
Yesu ali ndi “makiyi a manda,” koma alibe makiyi a kunyanja ya moto?
Kutha kwa Dziko
Kodi chizindikiro cha “masiku otsiriza” kapena kuti ‘nthawi ya mapeto’ n’chiyani?
Baibulo limafotokoza zinthu zosiyanasiyana zimene zidzachitika “mapeto a dziko” asanafike.
Kodi Chisautso Chachikulu N’chiyani?
Maulosi a m’Baibulo onena za nthawi yamapeto amati padziko padzakhala mavuto aakulu kwambiri omwe sanachitikepo. Kodi chidzachitike ndi chani pa nthawiyo?
Kodi Nkhondo ya Aramagedo Idzakhala Yotani?
Mawu akuti Aramagedo amapezeka kamodzi kokha m’Baibulo, koma nkhondo imene mawuwa amatanthauza imatchulidwa m’Baibulo lonse.
Kodi Dzikoli Lidzatha?
Baibulo limafotokoza bwino chifukwa chimene Mulungu analengera dziko lapansili
Kodi Mapeto a Dzikoli Adzafika Liti?
Kuti tipeze yankho la funsoli, tiyenera kumvetsa zimene Baibulo limanena kuti zidzatha pa nthawiyo.
Kodi Ufumu wa Mulungu Udzachita Chiyani?
Werengani nkhaniyi kuti mudziwe zimene zidzachitike boma la Mulungu likadzayamba kulamulira dziko lapansili.
Kodi Zidzatheka Bwanji Kuti Padziko Lonse Lapansi Padzakhale Mtendere?
Werengani nkhaniyi kuti mudziwe zimene Mulungu walonjeza zoti Ufumu wake udzabweretsa mtendere padziko lapansili.
Anthu, Malo ndi Zinthu
Kodi Tingaphunzire Chiyani kwa Akazi Otchulidwa m’Baibulo?
Onani kusiyana kwa akazi omwe anachita zinthu mokhulupirika ndi akazi omwe anachita zoipa ndipo ndi zitsanzo zosafunika kutengera.
Kodi Mariya Ndi Amayi a Mulungu?
Malemba komanso mbiri yonena za mmene Chikhristu chinayambira zimatithandiza kudziwa zoona zokhudza chiphunzitso chimenechi.
Kodi Baibulo Limaphunzitsa Zotani Zokhudza Mariya Virigo?
Ena amanena kuti Mariya sanabadwe ndi tchimo lililonse. Kodi Baibulo limati chiyani za nkhaniyi?
Kodi “Anzeru a Kum’mawa” Anali Ndani? Kodi Mulungu Ndi Amene Anawachititsa Kuti Alondole Nyenyezi ya ku Betelehemu?
Miyambo yambiri yomwe imachitika yokhudza Khirisimasi siipezeka n’komwe m’Baibulo.
Kodi Mkazi wa Kaini Anali Ndani?
Kuganizira mfundo za m’Malemba kumathandiza kupeza yankho logwira mtima la funso limeneli.
Kodi Nkhani ya Nowa Komanso Chigumula Ndi Nthano Chabe?
Baibulo limafotokoza kuti Mulungu anabweretsa chigumula kuti awononge anthu oipa. Kodi Baibulo lili ndi umboni wotani wotsimikizira kuti linalembedwadi ndi Mulungu?
Kodi Likasa la Pangano N’chiyani?
Mulungu analamula Aisiraeli akale kuti alipange. Kodi cholinga chake chinali chiyani?
Kodi Yesu Atafa Anakulungidwa mu Nsalu ya Maliro Yomwe Inasungidwa ku Turin?
Mfundo zitatu zofunika kwambiri zokhudza nsalu ya maliro zomwe zingatithandize kupeza mayankho.
Kodi Baibulo Limanena Zotani Zokhudza Nyama Zotchedwa Madainaso?
Kodi zomwe limanena zimagwirizana ndi sayansi?
Kodi Mulungu Anasintha Zamoyo Zina Polenga Mitundu Inanso ya Zamoyo?
Baibulo silitsutsa zimene asayansi amanena zoti mitundu ya zamoyo imatulutsanso zamoyo zina zofanana ndi zamtundu womwewo.
Malangizo Othandiza
Kodi Baibulo Lingandithandize kuti Ndikhale ndi Banja Losangalala?
Malangizo anzeru ochokera m’Baibulo athandiza kale anthu mamiliyoni ambirimbiri kukhala ndi mabanja osangalala.
Kodi Ndalama ndi Zimene Zimabweretsa Mavuto Onse?
Zimene anthu ambiri amakonda kunena zoti “ndalama ndi muzu wa zoipa zonse,” zimangosonyeza kuti samvetsa zimene Baibulo limafotokoza.
Kodi Baibulo Lingathandize pa Nkhani ya Mavuto Azachuma Ndiponso Ngongole?
Ndalama sizingakuthandizeni kukhala wosangalala koma pali mfundo za m’Baibulo zinayi zimene zingakuthandizeni pa mavuto azachuma.
Kodi Baibulo Lingandithandize Kupirira Matenda?
Inde. Onani mfundo zitatu zimene zingakuthandizeni kuti mupirire matenda.
Kodi Baibulo Lingandithandize Ngati Ndili ndi Nkhawa?
Pali zinthu zitatu zimene Mulungu amapereka kuti athandize anthu amene ali ndi nkhawa.
Kodi Baibulo Limanena Zotani pa Nkhani ya Kukwiya?
Kodi pali zifukwa zomveka zoti munthu angakwiyire? Nanga angatani ngati mkwiyowo wayamba kukula?
Kodi Chipembedzo, Mulungu Kapena Baibulo Zingandithandize Kuti Ndikhale Wosangalala?
Onani mmene kukhala pa ubwenzi ndi Mulungu kungakuthandizireni kukhala wosangalala panopa komanso m’tsogolo muno.
Kodi Baibulo Limanena Zotani pa Nkhani Yodzikonda Wekha?
Kodi Yesu ankatanthauza chiyani pamene ankanena kuti: “Uzikonda mnzako mmene umadzikondera wekha?”


text:
vavu gulugufe
mankhwala Mwatsatanetsatane
Tags mankhwala
Chipangizo kwa malamulo kapena kudula sing'anga ku payipi.
Oyenera chogwirira ulamuliro chipangizo (DN50 ~ 300), zida mphutsi, magetsi ndi pneumatic ulamuliro chipangizo.
Kapangidwe ndi kupanga mfundo kutsatira API 609.
Anzanu mayeso mogwirizana ndi API 598.
Kapangidwe kutalika mogwirizana ndi API 609.
Mbali flange muyezo malinga ndi GB / T17241 PN1.0MPa, PN1.6MPa ndi ASME B16.1 125PSI .
Madzimadzi sing'anga: madzi, mafuta, mafuta ndi osiyanasiyana zikuwononga TV
Kugwiritsa kutentha: -10 ℃ ~ 120 ℃
Ntchito kuthamanga: PN1.0 ~ 1.6MPa
Ntchito kukula: DN50 ~ DN1200
mode kulumikiza: achepetsa mtundu
mgwirizano muyezo: GB · ANSI · Din · API · ISO · BS
Thupi moyo zaka 50
Kuchepetsa makokedwe rotational, thandizani tsinde, ndi kuwapangitsa kupatukana valavu thupi bwino, kuchepetsa avale wa valavu tsinde.
Pambuyo kupukuta chithandizo, ndi valavu mpando mwatsatanetsatane.
Pofuna kukwaniritsa ziro kutayikira zofuna mpweya zikayamba mayeso, kutsegula ndi kutseka makokedwe zazing'ono, kutalikitsa moyo utumiki wa mpando valavu.
Tsinde chisindikizo si kophweka deform, potero kupewa alipidwa tsinde kutayikira.
Lachitsanzo zofunikira Ubwino yolinganizika mkulu ndi mphamvu yapamwamba, ndipo ndi oyenera dongosolo la chogwiririra ndi zipangizo zina kulamulira.
Lachitsanzo zofunikira amakhala mu valavu ndodo ndi mbale vavu zima- chikugwirizana ndi mbale valavu, ndi zofunikira lachitsanzo ali ndi makhalidwe a odana kugwedera ndi zosavuta m'malo.
Good kukhulupirika, zosavuta kulamulira kutsegula ndi kutseka kwa mbale valavu.
Lachitsanzo zofunikira Ubwino opanda kukhetsa, kukana kwamakokedwe, kupewa kutayikira ndi m'malo yabwino.
Chipangizo kwa malamulo kapena kudula sing'anga ku payipi.
Oyenera chogwirira ulamuliro chipangizo (DN50 ~ 300), zida mphutsi, magetsi ndi pneumatic ulamuliro chipangizo.


text:
Mavidiyo Amakatuni Omwe Ana Akuwakonda Kwambiri
A Mboni za Yehova amapanga mavidiyo amakatuni pofuna kuphunzitsa ana mmene angagwiritsire ntchito mfundo za m’Baibulo. Kodi mavidiyowa amawapanga bwanji? Nanga kodi ana amasangalala akamaonera mavidiyowa? Onerani vidiyoyi kuti mudziwe.
Onaninso
NTCHITO YOFALITSA MABUKU
Mavidiyo Amene Amasangalatsa Mitima Yathu
A Mboni za Yehova amatulutsa mavidiyo a makatuni amene amaphunzitsa ana makhalidwe abwino komanso mfundo za m’Baibulo. Kodi mavidiyowa akhudza bwanji anthu?


text:
Inki & Dye
Inki ndi chinthu ufa ntchito ochekenera. Ndi insoluble m'madzi, mafuta, utomoni, organic zosungunulira, etc., koma akhoza uniformly anabalalitsidwa mu TV izi kuti izo ochekenera ndipo ali ndi ena kuphimba mphamvu. Inki ndi kofunika kwambiri zopangira kupanga utoto, inki, mafuta kupenta phala, kudzipangitsa mmwamba mafuta utoto, pepala mtundu ndi zina zotero. Komanso, inki amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa kudzazidwa ndi mitundu mapulasitiki, mankhwala jombo ndi kupanga CHIKWANGWANI madzi yaiwisi.
Dye ndi pawiri organic chimene chimapangitsa zinthu zina akuda bwinobwino, mwamphamvu ndipo imatchedwanso kupanga utoto chifukwa ambiri a iwo mu ntchito tsopano ndi kupanga. Dye akhoza kugawidwa mu madzi ofalitsidwa zamkati, zosungunulira Ofalitsidwa zamkati, madzi ofalitsidwa mtundu ndende, zosungunulira Ofalitsidwa mtundu ndende malinga ndi udindo. Malinga ndi ntchito, zikhoza kugawidwa mu utoto ceramic, ❖ kuyanika utoto, utoto nsalu ndi pulasitiki utoto.
Amalangiza zipangizo pigment & utoto kupanga: ES / DS oposatu enieni atatu wodzigudubuza mil L, DYS mndandanda hayidiroliki atatu wodzigudubuza mphero YS / YSS mndandanda hayidiroliki atatu wodzigudubuza mphero sq / JRS mndandanda atatu wodzigudubuza mphero WSP Series Fast mumayenda mkanda Mill, WST mndandanda Turbo nano mchenga mphero,


text:
Kodi angayeretsere mano IZI ndi NTCHITO!
Pali njira zambiri munthu akhoza kusankha, mmene mmene angayeretsere mano. kukhala oyera, woyera mano akutukwana. Pamene mano anu atatchena, inu kumva bwino nokha ndi wodzidalira, okonzeka kutenga dziko. Mbali inayi, ndi dingy mano yellow, Mukayamba kudziona ndipo mwina mukufuna kumwetulira. Popita nthawi, mano anu kokha ku aziwonjezereka ngati simuchita njira moyenera whitening ndi brightening iwo.
Kuti mano oyera, chinthu choyamba inu mungafunitsitse mmene angayeretsere mano ndi kusintha mmwamba mankhwala otsukira mano anu wokhazikika kwa Baibulo whitening. mankhwala otsukira mano lili zosakaniza anawonjezera, whitening mankhwala ntchito kuchotsa Madontho pa mano, anawasiya kuyang'ana kukuwalira oyera kuposa kale. otsukira mano awa chimakhala malipiro chimodzimodzi monga mankhwala otsukira mano anu nthawi zonse, koma akhoza kupereka zotsatira kwambiri pambuyo ntchito ngakhale ochepa chabe.
Woyera n'kupanga mankhwala nthawi zonse wotchuka kwambiri. Ngati mukufuna kuphunzira mmene angayeretsere mano, yesani n'kupanga woyera nokha ndi kuona kusiyana akhoza kupanga. Ambiri woyera n'kupanga mankhwala ali n'kupanga khumi ndi ziwiri, ndipo nthawi ananena kuti ntchito limodzi ndi tsiku kufikira ntchito n'kupanga onse. Pakutha nthawi kuti, mungathe muzindikire bwino kwambiri chikhalidwe ndi mtundu wa mano.
Palinso njira ina pa mmene angayeretsere mano ndilo mano laser whitening ndondomeko, ndondomeko zodzikongoletsera anachita pa ofesi mano anu kapena laser mano whitening likulu. njirayi amapereka zotsatira kwambiri mano onse whitening njira, nthawi yomweyo whitening mano anu ndi mithunzi awiri kapena kuposa. Amatchedwanso mano oyeretsa, njirayi ndi otchuka kwambiri padziko lonse, monga mmodzi wa mano yabwino kwambiri whitening njira. Pa njirayi, gel osakaniza chapadera ntchito pa mano, kenako ndi laser kuwala ntchito pa gel osakaniza ndi, mphamvu ndi whitening mano chifukwa cha.
Learning mmene angayeretsere mano alibe kovuta yaikulu. Ndi ambiri ogwira mano whitening njira, inu mukhoza kupeza njira yothandiza kuti inu mupereke inu yonyezimira, woyera kumwetulira inu nthawizonse akulakalaka. Iwo alibe ndalama inu mwayi kuchotsa Madontho amphamvu pa mano anu ndipo linaoneka bwino kumwetulira kwanu. The owala mano, kwambiri mukufuna kumwetulira, Ndipo pamene inu mukumverera bwino inu muyang'ane bwino.
The Intaneti ndiye gwero yabwino ntchito pamene kufunafuna njira mmene angayeretsere mano. Inu mwamtheradi kusonkhanitsa zambiri mfundo zabwino zokhudza njira mmene angayeretsere mano ndipo kuti ndithu zomveka kudziwa kuti kukhala wowala ndi oyera mano mwayi kwa aliyense, Choncho kuti muli ndi kumwetulira bwino inu mukhoza kukhala.


text:
Usiku wapa 31 December, maiyo anakapapira bibida kuti asangalale akamalowa chaka chatsopano. Anathipwadwi ndi mowawo ndipo chisangalalochi chitasefukira, anatenga chitsulo chomwe amabowolera mipini ya khasu mkumuuzakuti mwamuna wake kuti amva naye madzi. Mwamunayo anaganiza zoti mkaziyo akuselewula koma anadzidzimuka atamubaya ndi chitsulocho. Mwamuna-yo anagwa kwinaku akukuwa chifukwa cha ululu kotero kuti m’mene anthuy amafika anapeza magaszi akuyenderera. Mwansanga anthu anathamanga naye ku polisi komwe anakatenga kalata yaku chipatala. Patatha masiku angapo anatuluka ku chipatalacho. Anthu anayembekezera kuti mwina mwamunayo alongeza klatundu wake nkluwona msana wa njira. Koma m’malo mwake, anapita ku polisi kukaseketsa nkhaniyi kuti palibe mulandu izo ndi za m’banja. Panopa, anthuwo akukhala mosangalala.
Akhristu a mpingo wina m’boma la Zomba asiya kupita ku kachisi pokwiya ndi bodza la mbusa amene anayambitsa mpingo-wu. Asanayambitse mpingowu, ankanamizira kuti ali ndi gulu losamalira ana amasiye kotero kuti wakhala akulandira thandizo kuchokera ku mabungwe ndi kwa anthu akufuna kwabwino lothandizira ana amasiye-wo. Koma iye amangothyolera mthumba. Atadziwa zoti anthu amutulukira, anayambitsa mpingo ndipo unali ndi chikoka malinga nkuti amauza akhristu makamaka ovutika ndi achikulire kuti adzilandira ndalama zoti zidzikawathandiza ku nyumba kwao. Poganiza kuti adzilandira kenakake akapita ku kachisiko, anthu amapiota mwamkokomo. Koma akhristu ena akamufunsa, mbusayo samayankha zolongosoka. akhristuwo atatulukira zoti mbusayo ndi tambwali, m’modzi ndi m’modzi anayamba kudula phazi ku kachisiko kotero kuti m’mene timalandira nkhaniyi, nkuti atangosalako achibale okha a mbusayo.
Bambo wina m’mudzi wina kwa Msakambewa m’boma la Dowa wathetsa banja la mwana wake wa mkazi, bambo-yo atagulitsa nkhuma ya mkamwini-yo. Nkhaniyi ikuti, mwamunayo yemwe amakhala ndi mkjazi wake mdera lina anagula nkhumba nkukasungitsa kwa apongozi ake. Bamboyo anailandira ndi manja awiri ndipo amaisamalira. Koma nkhumbayo itakula bamboyo anaigulitsa. Mphepo yoti apongozi ake agulitsa nkhumba yake inamupeza mkamwiniyo ndipo atapita kukafunsa, anamuuzadi kuti anagulitsa chifukwa anasowa ndalama zoti ziwathandize. Sanamvane chichewa ndipo anachoka chonyanyala. Pasanathe masiku, mkamwiniyo anadzidzimuka mkazi wake akumuuza kuti akupita kwao ndipo banja latha. Mkaziyo analongeza katundu wake nkumapita kwao. Anthu anakhumudwa ndi zimenezi. Koma chomwe anthuwo akhumudwa nacho kwambiri ndi choti bamboyo amupezerera m’munda wa chimanga akuchita za dama ndi mwana wake wa mkazi amene anamuchotsa ku banja-ko.
Njonda ina yaku Blantyre yomwe inakapeza malo m’dera la mfumu Mphuka m’boma la Thyolo yaimikia manja m’mwamba kuti wawalephera malo-wo ndipo akukonza zobwerera ku Blantyre. Nkhaniyi ikuti, kwa zaka zingapo, mkuluyu wakhala akukolola chakudya chochuluka kuposa minda yonse yomwe yayandikana ndi munda wa mkuluyu. Masiku apitawa, aganyu ena amene anakalima m’mundamo anasiya makasu awo m’mundamo pothawa njoka ya Nsato yomwe inalowa m’mundamo. Tsiku lina mkulu wina yemwenso anakalima ganyu anakumanizana nayo ndipo analimbana ndi Nsatoyo mpaka anaipha. Anthu ali bibibi kudzayiopna, anadabwa mwini mundawo akubwera ali wefuwefu thukuta liri kuno, akudandaula kuti anthu ena amuchita chipongwe chachikulu. Atamufunsa sanafotokoze momveka bwino za chipongwe chomwe amati anthu ena amuchita, koma anangouza anthuwo kuti asadandaule njokayo ayikwira yekha m’mundamo akhoza kumapita. Panopa, mkuluyo akuyenda ngati wodwala ndipo akunka nauza anthu kuti akukonza zobwerera ku Blantyre.
Anthu a m’mudzi wina ku Shire North m’dera la mfumu Mkaya m’boma la Balaka akulozaloza chala mai wina yemwe akusintha amuna ngati chovala. Maiyo ali pabanja ndi mwamuna yemwe wabwereka naye ana asanu. Koma wawirikika kuchita za dama ndi amuna wosiyanasiyana kuphatikizapo achichepere osagwirizana ndi msinkhu wakle. Miezi yapitayi anagonekera maso mnyamata wina osakwana zaka makumi awiri mpaka anamukopa nkuyamba kuchita naye zadama. Amai ena achikulire, anamuitana nkumulangiza kuti zomwe akuchitazo akudzichotsera ulemu. Koma maiyo anangozikankhira ku nkhongo. Panopa, maiyo watengeka ndi mkulu wina kotero kuti sakugwirika. Panopa, sizikudziwika ngati banjalo likhale mwamuna wa maiyo akazimva nkhani-yi.


text:
Bukhu latsopano la Martin Vrijland 'Zowona momwe timazindikirira' zakonzekera!
Nthawi yakwana yoti buku latsopano 'Zoona monga momwe timazidziwirira'. Dzulo ndidapereka kale owerenga buku la Ebook Reader (kapena e-Reader ngati mukufuna) ndi mtundu wa PDF. Kuyambira pano pepala lamapepala labackback limapezekanso kudzera pa webshop bokhnkapen.nl pamtengo wa € 24,95. Pansipa mutha kukhalabe membala ndikulandira mtundu wa e-kuwerenga ndikuwerenga EP. Mulibe Ebook Reader? Kenako pamakompyuta ambiri, ma laputopu kapena ma p-i-poti nthawi zambiri mumatha kungowerenga mtundu uwu wa Ebook Reader. Kunena zowona, ndikuphatikizanso mtundu wa PDF kuti muwerengedwe pa intaneti pazida zomwe mukufuna. Izi ndizothekanso pa i-Pad kapena pafoni yanu.
Bukuli limapereka chidule chabwino chabodza komanso chidziwitso cha Truman chomwe anthu amatenga nawo mbali kuyambira pakubadwa mpaka kumanda. Bukuli limafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane, koma koposa zonse limadza ndi yankho lomveka bwino.
Munthu aliyense amakhala ndi mitundu yokhazikitsidwa ndi pulogalamu yochokera ku ukhondo kupita kumanda. Bukuli likuwonetsa momwe pulogalamuyi idapangidwira, momwe mphamvu zamagetsi zimapangidwira mdziko lapansi komanso momwe umunthu umachitikira mu Pruman Show yophatikizira (pambuyo pa filimu ya dzina lomwelo kuchokera ku 1998) mogwirizana pakati pa atolankhani, andale komanso otsutsa olamulidwa. Imafotokoza zenizeni monga momwe timazindikirira kuchokera pamalingaliro a kuyerekezera motengera 'kuyesera kawiri', kuchuluka kwa zinthu zambiri komanso kuchokera ku malingaliro. Chofunika kwa aliyense amene akuchita nawo chikumbumtima, chipembedzo, uzimu komanso ndale.
Cholinga changa chinali kulemba buku lomwe lingawerenge tsiku limodzi komanso lomwe mutha kupatsa banja kapena abwenzi kuti awaganizire. Tinakwanitsa. Bukuli lili ndi masamba a 148 motero ndiosavuta kuwerenga patsiku limodzi.
Ngati mwakhala kale chaka chatha ndipo mukufuna kulandira bukulo, ndipatseni imelo ndi adilesi yanu.
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text:
CHUMA CHOPEZEKA M’MAWU A MULUNGU | YESAYA 6-10
Mesiya Anakwaniritsa Ulosi
Kudakali zaka zambiri kuti Yesu abadwe, Yesaya ananeneratu kuti Mesiya adzalalikira “m’chigawo cha Yorodano, ku Galileya kumene kunali kukhala anthu a mitundu ina.” Yesu anakwaniritsa ulosi umenewu chifukwa analalikira uthenga wabwino m’chigawo chonse cha Galileya.—Yes. 9:1, 2.
Anachita chozizwitsa chake choyamba pa ukwati winawake—Yoh. 2:1-11 (ku Kana)
Anasankha atumwi ake—Maliko 3:13, 14 (kufupi ndi ku Kaperenao)
Analalikira ulaliki wake wa paphiri—Mat. 5:1–7:27 (pafupi ndi ku Kaperenao)
Anaukitsa mwana yekhayo wa mkazi wina wamasiye—Luka 7:11-17 (ku Naini)
Anaonekera kwa ophunzira ake oposa 500 pambuyo poti waukitsidwa—1 Akor. 15:6 (ku Galileya)


text:
“Mupitirize Kukonda Abale”
“Mupitirize kukonda abale.”—AHEB. 13:1.
NYIMBO: 72, 119
1, 2. N’chifukwa chiyani Paulo analembera kalata Akhristu achiheberi?
M’CHAKA cha 61 C.E., Akhristu ambiri a m’madera a ku Isiraeli anali pa mtendere. Ngakhale kuti pa nthawiyi mtumwi Paulo anali m’ndende, ankayembekezera kuti sipadutsa nthawi yaitali asanatuluke. Nayenso Timoteyo anali atangotuluka kumene m’ndende ndipo ankafuna kukayendera abale a ku Yudeya limodzi ndi Paulo. (Aheb. 13:23) Komabe pa nthawiyi n’kuti kutangotsala zaka 5 zokha kuti asilikali achiroma azungulire mzinda wa Yerusalemu. Komanso n’kuti patatha zaka 28 kuchokera pamene Yesu anapereka malangizo akuti Akhristu a mu Yerusalemu ndiponso m’dera lonse la Yudeya, adzathawe akadzangoona magulu ankhondo atazungulira mzindawo.—Luka 21:20-24.
2 Pa zaka 28 zimenezi Akhristu achiyuda a ku Isiraeli anali atasonyeza kale kupirira chifukwa anali atazunzidwa komanso kukumana ndi mavuto ena. (Aheb. 10:32-34) Komabe Paulo ankadziwa kuti Akhristuwa anali atatsala pang’ono kukumana ndi mayesero ena aakulu kwambiri. (Mat. 24:20, 21; Aheb. 12:4) Ndiyeno ankafuna kuti iwo akhale okonzeka kukumana ndi vuto lililonse. Akhristuwo ankafunika kukhala opirira komanso kukhala ndi chikhulupiriro cholimba chimene chikanawathandiza kuti apulumuke. (Werengani Aheberi 10:36-39.) Choncho mzimu wa Yehova unachititsa Paulo kuti awalembere kalata yowalimbikitsa. Kalatayi ndi buku la m’Baibulo la Aheberi.
3. N’chifukwa chiyani tinganene kuti zimene zili m’buku la Aheberi zingatithandizenso ifeyo?
3 Masiku anonso, kalata imene Paulo analembera Akhristu achiheberiwo ingatithandize. Tikutero chifukwa chakuti ifenso tikukhala m’nthawi yovuta. Anthu a Yehovafe tazunzidwapo komanso kukumana ndi mavuto ena. (2 Tim. 3:1, 12) Koma tapirira zinthu zimenezi ndipo tasonyeza kuti tili ndi chikhulupiriro cholimba. Komabe panopa ambirife tili pa mtendere ndipo sitikuzunzidwa. Ngakhale zili choncho, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mofanana ndi Akhristu a m’nthawi ya Paulo, posachedwapa tikumana ndi mayesero aakulu kwambiri.—Werengani Luka 21:34-36.
4. Kodi lemba la chaka chino ndi loti chiyani, ndipo n’chifukwa chiyani ndi lothandiza?
4 N’chiyani chingatithandize kukonzekera mayesero amenewa? M’buku la Aheberi, Paulo anafotokoza zinthu zingapo zimene zingatithandize kulimbitsa chikhulupiriro chathu. Chinthu chimodzi chimene ananena chikupezeka m’vesi loyamba la chaputala chomaliza cha kalatayi. Vesili ndi limene lasankhidwa kuti likhale lemba la chaka chino cha 2016 ndipo limati: “Mupitirize kukonda abale.”—Aheb. 13:1.
Lemba la chaka chino cha 2016: “Mupitirize kukonda abale.”—Aheberi 13:1
KODI KUKONDA ABALE KUMATANTHAUZA CHIYANI?
5. Kodi kukonda abale kumatanthauza chiyani?
5 Kodi kukonda abale kumatanthauza chiyani? Mawu achigiriki amene Paulo anagwiritsa ntchito m’lembali, (phi·la·del·phiʹa) amanena za kukonda munthu ndi mtima wonse ngati mmene timachitira ndi wachibale kapena mnzathu wapamtima. (Yoh. 11:36) Sikuti anthu a Mulungufe timangonena kuti timakondana. Chikondi chathu chimakhala chenicheni. (Mat. 23:8) Timatsatira malangizo akuti: “Pokonda abale, khalani ndi chikondi chenicheni pakati panu. Posonyezana ulemu, khalani patsogolo.” (Aroma 12:10) Timagwirizana kwambiri chifukwa chokhala ndi chikondi chimenechi komanso cha a·gaʹpe, chomwe munthu amakhala nacho chifukwa chotsatira mfundo zolungama za Mulungu.
6. Kodi tiziwaona bwanji Akhristu anzathu?
6 Katswiri wina wa Baibulo ananena kuti Akhristu ndi amene amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti ‘kukonda abale.’ N’zoona kuti kale Ayuda ankagwiritsa ntchito mawu oti “abale” akamanena za anthu ena amene sanali achibale awo enieni. Komabe ankagwiritsa ntchito mawuwa ponena za Ayuda anzawo okha, osati anthu amitundu ina. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, Akhristu amaona kuti Mkhristu aliyense ndi m’bale wawo, mosaganizira za mtundu wake. (Aroma 10:12) Yehova watiphunzitsa kuti tiyenera kukonda Akhristu anzathu ngati abale athu enieni. (1 Ates. 4:9) Koma n’chifukwa chiyani tiyenera kuchita zimenezi?
N’CHIFUKWA CHIYANI TIYENERA KUPITIRIZA KUKONDA ABALE?
7. Kodi n’chifukwa chiyani tiyenera kukonda abale athu?
7 Choyamba, tiyenera kukonda abale athu chifukwa Mulungu amafuna kuti tizichita zimenezi. Sitinganene kuti timakonda Mulungu ngati sitikonda abale athu. (1 Yoh. 4:7, 20, 21) Chifukwa china n’chakuti timafunika kuthandizana, makamaka tikakumana ndi mavuto. Paulo ankadziwa kuti Akhristu ena achiheberi amene anawalembera kalata yake, adzayenera kuthawa n’kusiya nyumba komanso katundu wawo. Yesu ananena kuti nthawi imeneyo idzakhala yovuta kwambiri. (Maliko 13:14-18; Luka 21:21-23) Choncho Akhristuwo ankafunika kukondana kwambiri kuti adzathe kuthandizana pa nthawi yovutayo.—Aroma 12:9.
8. Kodi tiyenera kuchita chiyani panopa, chisautso chachikulu chisanayambe?
8 Posachedwapa chisautso chachikulu chiyamba. (Maliko 13:19; Chiv. 7:1-3) Pa nthawiyo, tidzayenera kutsatira malangizo ochokera kwa Yehova akuti: “Inu anthu anga, pitani mukalowe m’zipinda zanu zamkati ndipo mukatseke zitseko. Mukabisale kwa kanthawi mpaka mkwiyo utadutsa.” (Yes. 26:20) Mwina ‘zipinda zamkati’ zimenezi zikuimira mipingo, kumene timasonkhana ndi abale ndi alongo athu n’kumalambira Yehova. Komabe sikuti timangofunika kusonkhana ndi abale athu. Mtumwi Paulo anauza Akhristu achiheberi kuti akasonkhana ayenera kulimbikitsana kuti azikondana. (Aheb. 10:24, 25) Choncho, tiyenera kuyamba panopa kukondana ndi abale athu. Zimenezi zidzatithandiza tikadzakumana ndi mayesero aakulu m’tsogolo.
9. (a) Kodi ndi pa nthawi ziti pamene tingasonyeze kuti timakonda abale athu? (b) Perekani zitsanzo zosonyeza kuti anthu a Yehova amakondana.
9 Ngakhale panopa abale athu ambiri amakumana ndi mavuto monga zivomezi, kusefukira kwa madzi ndiponso mphepo zamkuntho. Palinso ena amene akuvutika chifukwa chotsutsidwa komanso kuzunzidwa. (Mat. 24:6-9) Kuwonjezera pamenepo, timakumananso ndi mavuto azachuma chifukwa anthu ambiri m’dzikoli amachita zachinyengo. (Chiv. 6:5, 6) Akhristu anzathu akakumana ndi mavuto ngati amenewa, tiziona kuti ndi nthawi yosonyeza kuti timawakonda. Tiyenera kupitiriza kukonda abale athu ngakhale kuti masiku ano anthu ambiri alibe chikondi chenicheni.—Mat. 24:12. [1]
KODI TINGATANI KUTI TIPITIRIZE KUKONDA ABALE?
10. Kodi tsopano tikambirana chiyani?
10 Ngakhale kuti timakumana ndi mavuto ambiri, kodi tingatani kuti tizikondabe abale athu? Nanga tingasonyeze bwanji kuti timawakondadi? Mtumwi Paulo atanena kuti “mupitirize kukonda abale,” anafotokozanso njira zingapo zimene tingachitire zimenezi. Pa njira zimenezo, tiyeni tsopano tikambirane njira 6.
11, 12. Kodi “kuchereza alendo” kumatanthauza chiyani? (Onani chithunzi patsamba 7.)
11 “Musaiwale kuchereza alendo.” (Werengani Aheberi 13:2.) Mawu achigiriki amene anawamasulira kuti “kuchereza alendo,” amatanthauza “kukomera mtima anthu osawadziwa.” Mawu amenewa akutikumbutsa zimene Abulahamu ndi Loti anachita. Pa nthawi ina, analandira bwino anthu amene sankawadziwa. Koma kenako anazindikira kuti anthuwo anali angelo. (Gen. 18:2-5; 19:1-3) Paulo anagwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo cha Abulahamu ndi Loti pofuna kulimbikitsa Akhristu achiheberi kuti azichereza abale awo posonyeza kuti amawakonda.
12 Kodi timasonyeza chikondi poitanira anthu kunyumba kwathu kuti tidzadye nawo kapena kucheza nawo? Tisaganize kuti tiyenera kukonza chakudya chambiri kapena chapamwamba. Komanso sitiyenera kuitana anthu okhawo amene angadzatiitanenso kapena kutichitira zinazake. (Luka 10:42; 14:12-14) Tisaiwale kuti cholinga chathu ndi kulimbikitsana osati kuwasonyeza kuti tili ndi zinthu zambiri. N’kutheka kuti sitikudziwa bwino woyang’anira dera wathu komanso mkazi wake. Ndiye kodi sizingakhale bwino kuwaitanira kunyumba kwathu? (3 Yoh. 5-8) N’zoona kuti tonse timatanganidwa ndiponso timakumana ndi mavuto. Komabe tiyenera kukumbukira kuti “kuchereza alendo” n’kofunika kwambiri.
13, 14. Kodi tingasonyeze bwanji kuti ‘tikukumbukira amene ali m’ndende’?
13 “Kumbukirani amene ali m’ndende.” (Werengani Aheberi 13:3.) Apa sikuti Paulo ankangonena za munthu wina aliyense amene ali kundende. Koma ankanena za Akhristu amene anamangidwa chifukwa chotumikira Mulungu. Pamene ankalemba mawu amenewa, nayenso n’kuti atakhala m’ndende zaka pafupifupi 4. (Afil. 1:12-14) Iye anayamikira abale chifukwa chomusonyeza chifundo pamene anali m’ndende. (Aheb. 10:34) Akhristu achiheberi ankakhala kutali ndipo sakanatha kukathandiza Paulo kundende ngati mmene ena ankachitira. Koma kodi Akhristuwa akanamuthandiza bwanji? Akanatha kumupempherera kuti Mulungu amuthandize.—Aheb. 13:18, 19.
14 Masiku anonso sitingathe kuthandiza abale athu onse amene ali m’ndende ngati mmene abale apafupi angawathandizire. Koma tingasonyeze kuti timawamvera chisoni komanso kuwakonda tikamapempha Yehova mochokera pansi pa mtima kuti awathandize. Mwachitsanzo, tingapempherere abale ndi alongo komanso ana amene ali m’ndende ku Eritrea. Ena mwa anthu amenewa, ndi M’bale Paulos Eyassu, M’bale Isaac Mogos ndi M’bale Negede Teklemariam omwe akhala m’ndende zaka zoposa 20.
15. Kodi tingasonyeze bwanji kuti ‘timalemekeza ukwati’?
15 “Ukwati ukhale wolemekezeka kwa onse.” (Werengani Aheberi 13:4.) Tingasonyezenso kuti timakonda abale tikamalemekeza ukwati n’kumapewa chiwerewere. (1 Tim. 5:1, 2) Mkhristu akachita chiwerewere ndi m’bale kapena mlongo, amakhala kuti walakwira munthu amene wachita naye chiwerewereyo komanso achibale a munthuyo. Zimenezi zingachititse kuti abale asamakhulupirirane ndiponso kukondana. (1 Ates. 4:3-8) Komanso kodi mkazi angamve bwanji atadziwa kuti mwamuna wake amaonera zolaula mobisa? Nanga kodi mwamuna amene amachita zimenezi amasonyeza kuti amakondadi mkazi wake ndiponso kulemekeza ukwati?—Mat. 5:28.
16. Kodi kukhala wokhutira ndi zimene tili nazo kumatithandiza bwanji kukonda abale athu?
16 “Mukhale okhutira ndi zimene muli nazo.” (Werengani Aheberi 13:5.) Tikamakhulupirira kwambiri Yehova, timaona zinthu moyenera ndipo timakhutira ndi zimene tili nazo. (1 Tim. 6:6-8) Timazindikiranso kuti ubwenzi wathu ndi Yehova ndiponso kugwirizana ndi abale ndi alongo athu ndi kofunika kwambiri kuposa chilichonse. Munthu amene ndi wansanje, wadyera, wokonda kudandaula komanso kupezera ena zifukwa zimamuvuta kuti azikondana ndi abale ake. Koma munthu wokhutira ndi zimene ali nazo sachita zimenezi ndipo amakonda kugawana zinthu ndi ena.—1 Tim. 6:17-19.
17. Kodi ‘kukhala olimba mtima’ kumatithandiza bwanji kukonda abale athu?
17 ‘Mukhale olimba mtima.’ (Werengani Aheberi 13:6.) Tikamakhulupirira Yehova timachita zinthu molimba mtima tikakumana ndi mavuto. Izi zimatithandizanso kuti tiziona zinthu moyenera. Tikamaona zinthu moyenera zingakhale zosavuta kuti tizikonda abale athu komanso kuwalimbikitsa. (1 Ates. 5:14, 15) Ngakhale pa nthawi yovuta kwambiri pa chisautso chachikulu, tidzatha ‘kuimirira chilili ndi kutukula mitu yathu’ podziwa kuti Yehova atipulumutsa.—Luka 21:25-28.
18. N’chiyani chingatithandize kuti tizikonda abale amene akutsogolera mumpingo?
18 “Kumbukirani amene akutsogolera pakati panu.” (Werengani Aheberi 13:7, 17.) Akulu amagwira ntchito mwakhama potithandiza ndipo sayembekezera malipiro alionse. Tikamaganizira zimenezi, timawakonda komanso kuwayamikira kwambiri ndipo timapewa kuchita chilichonse chimene chingachititse kuti azigwira ntchito yawo modandaula. Tikamawamvera ndiponso kuwagonjera timasonyeza kuti timawakonda ndiponso ‘kuwapatsa ulemu waukulu chifukwa cha ntchito imene amagwira.’—1 Ates. 5:13.
TIZIKONDANA KWAMBIRI
19, 20. Kodi tingatani kuti tizikondabe abale athu?
19 Anthu ambiri amadziwa kuti anthu a Yehovafe timakondana kwambiri. Mtumwi Paulo anasonyezanso kuti zimenezi ndi zoona. Ndipo analimbikitsa abale ndi alongo kuti apitirize kukondana kwambiri. (1 Ates. 4:9, 10) Tizikumbukira kuti nthawi zonse tikhoza kupeza njira zina zomwe tingasonyezere kuti timakonda abale athu.
20 Choncho tikamaganizira lemba la chaka chino, tizidzifunsa mafunso awa: Kodi ndingasonyeze bwanji kuti ndine wochereza? Nanga kodi ndingakumbukire bwanji abale amene ali m’ndende? Kodi ndimalemekeza ukwati? Ndingatani kuti ndizikhutira ndi zimene ndili nazo? Kodi ndingachite chiyani kuti ndizikhulupirira kwambiri Yehova? Nanga ndingatani kuti ndizimvera amene akutsogolera mumpingo wathu? Tisamangoona lemba la chaka chino ngati chikwangwani cha m’Nyumba ya Ufumu, koma tiyeni tiziyesetsa kulitsatira pogwiritsa ntchito mfundo 6 zimene takambiranazi. Tizikumbukira zimene lembali limanena kuti: “Mupitirize kukonda abale.”—Aheb. 13:1.
^ [1] (ndime 9) Werengani Nsanja ya Olonda ya July 15, 2002, tsamba 8 ndi 9 ndiponso mutu 20 m’buku lakuti, Ufumu wa Mulungu Ukulamulira kuti muone zitsanzo za mmene a Mboni za Yehova amasonyezera chikondi kwa abale awo pa nthawi ya mavuto.


text:
Mkamwini athamangitsidwa
Mkamwini wina amuthamangitsa pa banja kwa Gulupu Chinama mdera la Sub traditional Authority Ndanga m’boma la Mulanje.
Banja lina lidabwisa anthu ku Nsanje
Anthu ena mdera la Malemia m’boma la Nsanje ati sakumvetsa ndi zomwe lachita banja lina mderalo.
Mwamuna wina manja ali ku nkhongo kamba ka magalasi
Mwamuna wina ku M’deka m’boma la Blantyre manja ali ku nkhongo ena mwa magalasi a nyumba yake ataswedwa.
Banja lithela ku malo ogonela alendo
Mai wina ku Malimba pa boma la Salima manja ali ku nkhongo banja lake litathera ku malo ogona alendo.


text:
Momwe mungabwezeretsere deta ya U disk? Kodi njira zofala ndi ziti?
Fayilo isanasindikizidwe, ikhoza kuchiritsidwanso m'njira zosiyanasiyana.
Njira yoyamba: Chosavuta kwambiri ndikuwongolera kwambiri ndikugwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu yotsitsimutsa data kuti ichiritse. Masiku ano, mapulogalamu obwezeretsa deta ndi osavuta, kutembenuza magwiridwe antchito omwe kale anali osakwaniritsidwa kukhala ntchito zosavuta zomwe zitha kutsirizidwa ndikudina mbewa.
Njira 2: Kubwezeretsani deta pamanja. Akatswiri amatenga fayilo yotayika, magawo, ndi zina pokonza zomwezo m'magawo a hexadecimal. Ogwiritsa ntchito wamba amatha kugula ntchito zobwezeretsa deta ndikulola akatswiri kuti awathandize kupeza deta.
Njira 3: Pezani kampani yojambula zatsopano. Ngati vuto lalikulu lakuchitika mu disk la U ndipo pulogalamu yotsitsimutsa deta singathe kuigwira, mutha kupeza katswiri wofufuzira deta kuti mupeze yankho.
Phunziro 1: Kodi mungabwezeretse bwanji zosowa zomwe zidasowa ndikuziyika ndi disk disk U?
Phunziro ili likufotokoza momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito pulogalamu ya Bplandatarecovery kuti muthe kufufuzira mafayilo omwe achotsedwa mwangozi kapena aikidwe pa disk la U.o
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text:
Kodi a Mboni za Yehova Amapereka Chakhumi?
Ayi, ife a Mboni za Yehova sitipereka chakhumi. Ndalama zimene zimathandizira kuti ntchito yathu iziyenda bwino ndi zimene anthu, omwe satchulidwa maina, amapereka mwa kufuna kwawo. Kodi chakhumi n’chiyani ndipo n’chifukwa chiyani a Mboni za Yehova sapereka chakhumi?
Lamulo loti anthu azipereka chakhumi, kapena kuti gawo limodzi mwa magawo 10 alionse a zinthu, linali m’gulu la Chilamulo chimene chinaperekedwa kumtundu wakale wa Isiraeli. Komabe, Baibulo limanena momveka bwino kuti Chilamulo, kuphatikizapo lamulo loti anayenera “kulandira zakhumi,” sichikugwira ntchito kwa Akhristu.—Aheberi 7:5, 18; Akolose 2:13, 14.
M’malo mopereka chakhumi ndiponso nsembe, a Mboni za Yehova amatsanzira chitsanzo cha Akhristu oyambirira, omwe ankachita zinthu ziwiri kuti utumiki wawo uziyenda bwino. Choyamba, iwo amagwira ntchito yolalikira popanda kulandira malipiro alionse. Chachiwiri, amapereka mwakufuna kwawo ndalama kapena chuma chawo kuti zithandizire pa ntchitoyi.
Choncho timatsatira malangizo amene ali m’Baibulo, akuti: “Aliyense achite mogwirizana ndi mmene watsimikizira mumtima mwake, osati monyinyirika kapena mokakamizika, chifukwa Mulungu amakonda munthu wopereka mokondwera.”—2 Akorinto 9:7.


text:
Kodi Tingatani Kuti Tizikondabe Kulalikira?
NTCHITO yolalikira ndi yofunika kwambiri padziko lonse. Atumiki a Yehovafe timaona kuti kugwira nawo ntchitoyi ndi mwayi waukulu kwambiri. Koma nthawi zina, apainiya ndi ofalitsa angavutike kukondabe ntchito yolalikira.
Enafe tikakhala mu utumiki timavutika kupeza anthu ofuna kumva uthenga wathu ndipo m’nyumba zina sitipeza anthu. Anthu ena amene timawapeza amakhala opanda chidwi kapena aukali. Abale ndi alongo ena amapeza anthu ambiri ofuna kuphunzira koma amada nkhawa poona kuti gawo lawo lawakulira. Ndiye pali ena amene alalikira kwa nthawi yaitali kuposa imene ankayembekezera moti panopa akugwa mphwayi.
Koma sitiyenera kudabwa ndi mavuto amene amatigwetsa mphwayi pa ntchito yolalikira. Tikutero chifukwa chakuti sizingakhale zophweka kulalikira uthenga wabwino m’dziko limene lili m’manja mwa Satana Mdyerekezi.
Kaya mukukumana ndi mavuto otani, dziwani kuti Yehova akhoza kukuthandizani. Koma kodi tingatani kuti tizikondabe kulalikira? Tiyeni tikambirane zinthu zingapo.
TIZITHANDIZA ATSOPANO
Chaka chilichonse anthu masauzande ambiri amabatizidwa. Ngati mwabatizidwa posachedwapa, mungathandizidwe ndi abale ndi alongo amene akhala akulalikira kwa nthawi yaitali. Ngati mwakhala mukulalikira kwa zaka zambiri, mungachite bwino kuthandiza anthu atsopano. Mukamachita zimenezi mudzakhala osangalala.
Yesu ankadziwa kuti ophunzira ake akufunika kuthandizidwa kuti azidzalalikira mogwira mtima. Choncho iye anawaphunzitsa mmene angachitire zimenezi. (Luka 8:1) Masiku anonso ofalitsa atsopano ayenera kuthandizidwa.
Tisamaganize kuti atsopano adzadziwa okha kuphunzitsa bwino chifukwa choti amalalikira. Zinthu zingawayendere ngati anthu ena akuwaphunzitsa mokoma mtima. Anthuwo angawaphunzitse (1) kukonzekera zimene anganene mu utumiki, (2) kukambirana ndi anthu, (3) kugawira mabuku, (4) kuchita maulendo obwereza ndiponso (5) kuyambitsa phunziro la Baibulo. Mosakayikira, zinthu zidzawayendera bwino ofalitsa atsopanowo akamatsatira njira zimene aphunzitsidwa. (Luka 6:40) Iwo angayamikire kwambiri kuyenda ndi munthu amene angawathandize, kuwayamikira kapena kuwapatsa malangizo.
TIZIKAMBIRANA NDI AMENE TIKUYENDA NAYE
Tikakhala mu utumiki timayesetsa kulankhula ndi anthu ambiri koma nthawi zina timalimbikitsidwa kwambiri tikamalankhulana ndi amene tikuyenda naye. Kumbukirani kuti Yesu ankatumiza ophunzira ake “awiriawiri.” (Luka 10:1) Anachita zimenezi chifukwa chodziwa kuti anthuwo akamayenda limodzi akhoza kuthandizana ndiponso kulimbikitsana. Choncho tikamayenda mu utumiki ndi munthu wina tiziyesetsa kulimbikitsana.
Kodi tingakambirane nkhani ziti? Mwina tingakambirane zinthu zolimbikitsa zimene takumana nazo. Kapena tingakambirane mfundo yochititsa chidwi imene tapeza pophunzira Baibulo patokha kapena ndi banja lathu. Apo ayi, tingauze mnzathuyo mfundo yolimbikitsa imene tinamva pa misonkhano. Nthawi zina timayenda ndi munthu amene sitikumudziwa bwino. Tikhoza kumufunsa zimene zinamuthandiza kukhala wa Mboni za Yehova. Tingamufunse zimene zinamutsimikizira kuti gulu la Yehova ndi lomweli. Kapenanso tingamufunse zimene wachita m’gulu la Yehova ndiponso zinthu zimene wakumana nazo pa moyo wake. Nafenso tingamuuze zimene takumana nazo. Kaya tipeza anthu ofuna kumva uthenga wathu kapena ayi, tikamayenda ndi anzathu mu utumiki timakhala ndi mwayi wolimbikitsana.
TIZIPHUNZIRA BAIBULO MWAKHAMA
Kuphunzira Baibulo mwakhama n’kothandizanso kuti tizikonda kulalikira. “Kapolo wokhulupirika ndi wanzeru” amafalitsa nkhani zosiyanasiyana m’mabuku athu. (Mat. 24:45) Choncho pali nkhani zambirimbiri zimene mungaphunzire. Mwina mungaphunzire nkhani zoyankha funso ili: Kodi ntchito yolalikira ndi yofunika bwanji? Bokosi limene lili patsamba 16 likufotokoza kufunika kwake.
Mfundo za m’bokosili zingakuthandizeni kuti muzikondabe kulalikira. Koma mungachite bwino kufufuza mfundo zina zokulimbikitsani kukonda ntchito yolalikira. Ndiyeno muyenera kuganizira kwambiri mfundozo komanso malemba ake. Izi zingakuthandizeni kuti muzikonda kwambiri utumiki.
TIZITSATIRA MALANGIZO AMENE TAPATSIDWA
Gulu la Yehova limapereka malangizo otithandiza kugwira bwino ntchito yolalikira. Kuwonjezera pa kulalikira kunyumba ndi nyumba, tikhoza kulalikiranso pogwiritsa ntchito mafoni ndi makalata. Tingapitenso m’malo opezeka anthu ambiri, m’misewu, m’maofesi ndiponso m’mashopu. Tingalalikirenso mwamwayi kwina kulikonse. Kapenanso tingakonze zokalalikira kumadera kumene kulibe a Mboni ambiri.
Kodi inuyo munayesapo kuchita zimenezi? Anzanu ambiri atsatira malangizowa ndipo akusangalala kwambiri. Tiyeni tione zitsanzo zitatu.
Chitsanzo choyamba ndi cha mlongo April amene anatsatira malangizo a mu Utumiki wathu wa Ufumu okhudza kuyambitsa maphunziro a Baibulo. Chifukwa chotsatira malangizowa, iye anayambitsa maphunziro ndi anthu atatu amene ankagwira nawo ntchito. Iye anasangalala kwambiri anthu onsewa atavomera n’kuyambanso kupezeka pa misonkhano.
Chitsanzo china ndi cha woyang’anira dera wa ku United States. Iye anatsatira malangizo oti tiziona nkhani za m’magazini n’kuganizira anthu amene angazikonde. Ataona nkhani yonena za matayala mu Galamukani!, anapita kwa mabwana a m’masitolo ogulitsa matayala n’kukawapatsa. Iye ndi mkazi wake anakaperekanso Galamukani! yonena za madokotala m’maofesi a madokotala oposa 100. M’baleyu anati: “Zimene tinachitazi zinathandiza anthu kudziwa bwino za ntchito yathu komanso mabuku athu. Zathandizanso kuti tichite maulendo obwereza ambiri.”
Chitsanzo chachitatu ndi cha mlongo Judy amene anatsatira malangizo okhudza ulaliki wa pa foni. Mlongoyu analembera kalata kulikulu lathu yoyamikira malangizowa. Iye anafotokoza kuti mayi ake ali ndi zaka 86 ndipo amadwaladwala. Koma mayiwo amalalikira pa foni ndipo akusangalala kwambiri chifukwa njira imeneyi yawathandiza kuti aziphunzira ndi mayi wina wazaka 92.
Malangizo amene timapatsidwa ndi othandiza kwambiri, choncho ndi bwino kuwatsatira. Akhoza kutithandiza kuti tizikondabe kulalikira ndiponso tizisangalala.
TIZIKHALA NDI ZOLINGA ZIMENE TINGAKWANITSE
Ena amaganiza kuti akuchita bwino mu utumiki ngati amagawira mabuku ambiri, kuchititsa maphunziro ambiri kapena ngati athandiza anthu ambiri kuti ayambe kutumikira Yehova. Koma zimenezi si zoona. Nowa anangothandiza anthu am’banja lake okha kuti atumikire Yehova. Koma sitinganene kuti sanagwire bwino ntchito yolalikira. Chofunika kwambiri ndi kukhala wokhulupirika kwa Yehova.
Abale ndi alongo ambiri amaona kuti kukhala ndi zolinga zimene angakwanitse kumawathandiza kuti azikondabe kulalikira. Kodi tingakhale ndi zolinga zotani? Onani zina m’bokosi limene lili pambalipa.
Yesetsani kuchita zimene mungathe kuti muzisangalala ndiponso kuchita bwino mu utumiki ndipo dziwani kuti Yehova adzakudalitsani. Mukakwaniritsa zolinga zanu mudzasangalala kwambiri podziwa kuti mukuchita zonse zimene mungathe kuti mulalikire uthenga wabwino.
N’zoona kuti kulalikira uthenga wabwino kungakhale kovuta. Koma pali zinthu zimene zingakuthandizeni kuti muzilalikira mwakhama. Takambirana kuti tizilimbikitsana ndi munthu amene tayenda naye, tiziphunzira Baibulo mwakhama, tizitsatira malangizo amene kapolo wokhulupirika amatipatsa ndiponso tizikhala ndi zolinga zimene tingakwaniritse. Koma chofunika kwambiri ndi kukumbukira kuti Mulungu watipatsa mwayi wamtengo wapatali wokhala Mboni zake ndiponso wolalikira uthenga wabwino. (Yes. 43:10) Tikamayesetsa kukondabe utumiki tidzakhala osangalala kwambiri.


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Kodi Tizitani Tikalakwitsa Zinthu?
A Don ndi a Margaret * anasangalala kwambiri mwana wawo wamkazi, mwamuna wake komanso ana awo awiri atapita kukawachezera kunyumba kwawo. Atatsala pang’ono kutsanzikana, a Margaret, omwe poyamba ankagwira ntchito yophika, anaganiza zophikira adzukulu awowo chakudya chomwe ankachikonda kwambiri. Chakudya chake chinali makaroni osakaniza ndi tchizi.
Nthawi yoti ayambe kudya itakwana, a Margaret anabweretsa poto n’kumuika pakati penipeni pa tebulo. Koma atavundukula potoyo, anaona kuti munali tchizi chokhachokha. A Margaret anali ataiwala kuthiramo makaroni. *
Tonsefe timalakwitsa zinthu ndipo zilibe kanthu kuti tili ndi zaka zingati kapenanso kuti timadziwa zinthu zochuluka bwanji. Mwachitsanzo, tingalankhule mawu osakhala bwino kapenanso kuchita zinthu pa nthawi yolakwika. Mwinanso tikhoza kuiwala kuchita zinazake. Koma kodi n’chifukwa chiyani timalakwitsa zinthu? Kodi tingatani ngati talakwitsa zinazake? Nanga n’chiyani chingatithandize kuti tisamalakwitse kwambiri zinthu? Kudziwa mayankho a mafunso amenewa kungatithandize kuti tizikhala ndi maganizo oyenera tikalakwitsa zinthu.
ANTHUFE TIMAONA ZOLAKWA MOSIYANA NDI MMENE MULUNGU AMAZIONERA
Tikachita zinthu zabwino, timasangalala ena akatiyamikira ndipo timavomereza kuti timayeneradi kuyamikiridwa. Ndiyetu tingachitenso bwino kumavomereza tikalakwitsa zinthu, ngakhale zomwe talakwitsa mwangozi kapenanso zimene ena sanazidziwe. Koma timafunika kukhala odzichepetsa kuti tichite zimenezi.
Ngati timadziona kuti ndife apamwamba, tikhoza kumadziikira kumbuyo, kumaloza ena chala kapenanso kukana kuti talakwitsa. Koma zimenezi zingabweretse mavuto ambiri. Mwachitsanzo, zingapangitse kuti tilephere kukonza zimene talakwitsazo. Zingachititsenso kuti ena aimbidwe mlandu pa zinthu zoti talakwitsa ndife. Koma tizikumbukira kuti, ngakhale titapanda kukumana ndi zotsatira za zolakwa zathu panopa, chifukwa choti tabisa kapena takankhizira ena, “aliyense wa ife adzayankha yekha kwa Mulungu.”—Aroma 14:12.
Mulungu amaona moyenera zolakwa zimene anthufe timachita. Buku la Masalimo limafotokoza kuti Mulungu ndi “wachifundo ndi wachisomo.” Limanenanso kuti iye “sadzakhalira kutiimba mlandu nthawi zonse chifukwa cha zolakwa zathu, kapena kutisungira mkwiyo mpaka kalekale.” Mulungu amadziwa kuti anthufe si angwiro. Amadziwanso zimene timalakwitsa ndipo “amakumbukira kuti ndife fumbi.”—Salimo 103:8, 9, 14.
Mofanana ndi bambo wachifundo, Mulungu amafuna kuti nafenso tiziona zolakwa moyenera. (Salimo 130:3) Iye amatipatsa malangizo othandiza kudzera m’Mawu ake n’cholinga choti tizidziwa zoyenera kuchita ngati talakwitsa zinthu kapena ngati ena alakwitsa zinazake.
KODI TIZITANI ZINTHU ZIKALAKWIKA?
Nthawi zambiri munthu akachita chinthu cholakwika, amataya nthawi n’kuimba mlandu anthu ena kapenanso kudziikira kumbuyo. Koma ngati mwalankhula zinthu zomwe zakhumudwitsa munthu wina, ndi bwino kungopepesa n’cholinga choti muzigwirizanabe ndi munthuyo. Kodi mwachita zinazake zolakwika zomwe zakubweretserani mavuto inuyo kapena anthu ena? M’malo modzikwiyira kapena kuloza chala munthu wina, mungachite bwino kuyesetsa kuti mukonze zinthu. Si bwinonso kukakamira kuti olakwa si inu chifukwa zimenezo zingangokulitsa vutolo. M’malomwake, ndi bwino kuphunzirapo kanthu pa zimene zachitikazo n’kuyesetsa kuchita zonse zofunika kuti muthetse vutolo.
Munthu wina akachita zolakwika, zimakhala zosavuta kuchita zinthu zosonyeza kuti sitinasangalale nazo. Komatu ndi bwino kutsatira malangizo amene Yesu anapereka akuti: “Zinthu zonse zimene mukufuna kuti anthu akuchitireni, inunso muwachitire zomwezo.” (Mateyu 7:12) N’zodziwikiratu kuti mukalakwitsa zinazake, ngakhale zochepa, mumafuna ena akuchitireni chifundo kapenanso angoziponyera kunkhongo. Ndiye bwanji nanunso osachitira ena zomwezo?—Aefeso 4:32.
MFUNDO ZOTHANDIZA KUTI TISAMALAKWITSE KWAMBIRI ZINTHU
Buku lina lotanthauzira mawu linanena kuti anthufe timalakwitsa zinthu chifukwa choganiza molakwa, kusadziwa zonse zokhudza nkhani inayake, komanso chifukwa chosakhala ndi chidwi ndi zinthu. Tonsefe tingavomereze kuti zimenezi zimatichitikiradi nthawi zina. Komabe ngati titamatsatira mfundo za m’Baibulo sitingamalakwitse zinthu kwambiri.
Mfundo imodzi imene ingatithandize ndi ya palemba la Miyambo 18:13. Lembali limati: “Munthu aliyense woyankhira nkhani asanaimvetsetse n’ngopusa, ndipo amachita manyazi.” Apa mfundo ndi yakuti, tisanalankhule kapena kuchita chilichonse, tizimvetsa kaye nkhani yonse kenako n’kuganizira zoyenera kuchita. Kumvetsa bwino nkhani yonse kungathandize kuti tisamaweruze ena molakwa.
Mfundo ina ya m’Baibulo imati: “Ngati ndi kotheka, khalani mwamtendere ndi anthu onse, monga mmene mungathere.” (Aroma 12:18) Muziyesetsa kuchita zinthu zimene zingathandize kuti muzikhala mwamtendere komanso mogwirizana ndi anthu ena. Mukamagwira ntchito ndi ena, muzichita zinthu mowaganizira komanso mwaulemu ndipo muziwayamikira ndiponso kuwalimbikitsa. Mukamachita zimenezi, zimakhala zosavuta kuti muzikhululukirana komanso kuiwala zinthu zolakwika zimene wina walankhula kapena kuchita. Zimenezi zingathandizenso kuti mukalakwirana chachikulu, muzithetsa nkhaniyo mwamtendere.
Ngati mwalakwitsa zinthu, muziyesetsa kuona zimene mungaphunzirepo. M’malo modziikira kumbuyo, ganizirani zimene mungachite kuti musonyeze makhalidwe abwino. N’kutheka kuti mukufunika kumasonyeza makhalidwe monga kuleza mtima, kukoma mtima, kudziletsa, kufatsa, mtendere ndiponso chikondi. (Agalatiya 5:22, 23) Ndipotu zimenezi zingakuthandizeni kudziwa zoyenera kudzapewa nthawi ina. N’zoona kuti sitingafune kuti anthu ena atilankhule kapena kutichitira zinthu zosakhala bwino. Komabe zoterezi zikachitika, si bwino kumangoganizira mmene zatikhudzira. Kuchitako tinthabwala kumathandiza kuti vutolo lisakule kwambiri.
UBWINO WOONA ZOLAKWA MOYENERA
Tikakhala ndi maganizo oyenera pa zolakwa zathu komanso za ena, timapewa mavuto ambiri. Timakhala ndi mtendere wamumtima komanso timakhala mwamtendere ndi anthu ena. Tikamayesetsa kuphunzirapo kanthu pa zimene talakwitsa, timakhala anzeru komanso anthu amatikonda. Sitingakhumudwe kwambiri kapenanso kumadziona ngati achabechabe. Kuzindikira kuti anzathunso akuyesetsa kuti asamalakwitse zinthu kwambiri, kungatithandize kuti tizigwirizana nawo. Komanso zinthu zimatiyendera bwino kwambiri tikamatsanzira Mulungu poyesetsa kukonda ena komanso kuwakhululukira ndi mtima wonse.—Akolose 3:13.
Zimene a Margaret, omwe tawatchula koyambirira kuja analakwitsa, sizinasokoneze kwambiri macheza awo. Aliyense, kuphatikizapo iwowo, anangoziona kuti zinali zoseketsa basi moti anadyabe tchizi chija chopanda makaroni. Patapita zaka, adzukulu awo awiri aja anafotokozera ana awo zinthu zoseketsa zomwe zinachitika tsiku limenelo ndiponso mmene anachezera bwino ndi agogo awo. Ankadziwa kuti sichinali chifukwa choti agogo awowo sankadziwa kuphika, koma anangolakwitsa basi.


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Chithunzithunzi cha Lactoperoxidase
Lactoperoxidase (LPO), Lomwe likupezeka mu zopangitsa malovu ndi mammary, ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri mmene mthupi zofunika kukhalabe wabwino m'kamwa thanzi. Udindo kwambiri kuposa lactoperoxidase ndi oxidize thiocyanate ayoni (SCN-) zopezeka mu malovu pamaso wa hydrogen peroxide chifukwa mu mankhwala Onetsani antimicrobial. LPO zopezeka mkaka Bovine wakhala ntchito zachipatala, chakudya, ndi zodzoladzola mafakitale chifukwa n'zofanana ndi zinchito ndi structural kwa enzyme anthu.
Zinthu zamakono zogwiritsira ntchito zaukhondo zikulemekezedwa ndi njira ya lactoperoxidase kuti ipereke njira yabwino kwina lodziwika bwino ngati dzino la fluoride. Chifukwa cha ntchito waukulu wa lactoperoxidase yowonjezera, Kufunika kwake chawonjezeka kwambiri zaka, ndipo mpaka pano kukula.
Lactoperoxidase ndi chiyani?
Lactoperoxidase imangokhala enzyme ya peroxidase yopangidwa kuchokera ku mucosal, mammary, ndi salivary gland, yomwe imagwira ntchito ngati anti-bacterial agent. Mwa anthu, ndi lactoperoxidase enzyme ndi ndiyotengera ndi LPO mbewu. Enzyme imeneyi imakonda kupezeka mwa anyama, kuphatikiza anthu, mbewa, bovine, ngamila, njati, ng'ombe, mbuzi, Ilama, ndi nkhosa.
Lactoperoxidase Limagwira:
LPO ndi kwambiri ogwira antimicrobial wothandizira. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwa Lactoperoxidase, chifukwa chake, kutengera izi. ntchito Lactoperoxidase Izi zingamutha- anapeza makamaka chakudya kuteteza njira ophthalmic ndi zolinga zodzikongoletsera. Komanso, lactoperoxidase ufa lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito bala ndi mano chithandizo. Komanso, LPO ndi ogwira odana ndi tizilombo ndi odana ndi chotupa wothandizira. Zomwe takambirana pansipa ndizogwiritsa ntchito lactoperoxidase:
i. Khansara ya m'mimba
khansa Lactoperoxidase mphamvu kasamalidwe amagwirizana ndi mphamvu yake oxidize estradiol. makutidwe ndi okosijeni Zimenezi zimabweretsa nkhawa zobwera chifukwa cha okosijeni maselo khansa. Lactoperoxidase ntchito pano n'chakuti unyolo zochita wopita ku mowa mpweya ndi kudzikundikira hydrogen peroxide okhudza maselo ambiri. Chifukwa cha izi, LPO bwino imapha zotupa m'matro. Komanso, macrophages poyera kuti LPO adamulowetsa kuwononga maselo a khansa, kuzipha.
ii. Anti-bakiteriya zotsatira
Enzulopu ya LPO imagwira ntchito ngati gawo lachilengedwe la chitetezo chopanda chitetezo cha m'thupi mwa zolengedwa ndipo imayambitsa makupidwe a oxocation wa thiocyanate ion mu antibacterial hypothiocyanate. LPO akhoza ziletsa kukula osiyanasiyana waukulu tizilombo kudzera ndi anachita enzymatic zimene zimaphatikizapo ayoni thiocyanate ndi hydrogen peroxide monga cofactors. ntchito antimicrobial wa LPO ndi mfundo pa mapangidwe ayoni hypothiocyanite mwa kutsegula kwa michere. Hypothiocyanite ion imatha kuchita ndi bacteria. Iwo chifukwa chisokonezo pa ntchito kwa michere kagayidwe kachakudya makamaka. Lactoperoxidase amapha mabakiteriya galamu alibe ndiponso kupewa kukula ndi chitukuko cha tizilombo galamu HIV.
iii. Lactoperoxidase mu zodzoladzola
Kuphatikiza kwa lactoperoxidase ufa, shuga, thiocyanate, iodide,
ndi shuga oxidase, ndipo amadziwika mogwira zodzoladzola atetezedwe.
iv. Lactoperoxidase mu mkaka Kusungidwa
Kutha kwa lactoperoxidase pakukonzanso mkaka wabwino waiwisi kwa nthawi yayitali kwakhazikitsidwa m'magawo angapo ndipo maphunziro oyesera omwe amachitika m'malo osiyanasiyana. Lactoperoxidase usawonongeke angagwiritsidwe ntchito kusunga mkaka yaiwisi kuwapeza mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mtima njira ndi kumatengera zifukwa angapo. Zinthu izi zimaphatikizira kutentha kwa mkaka munthawi yamankhwala, mtundu wa kuipitsidwa kwa tizilombo, komanso kuchuluka kwa mkaka.
Lactoperoxidase ochitachita zotsatira bacteriostatic mu mkaka nyama za yaiwisi. deta Research ndi zinachitikira kwenikweni kumapeto zimasonyeza kuti lactoperoxidase angagwiritsidwe ntchito malire kutentha kwa (15-30 madigiri Celsius) amatchulidwa mu malangizo mabuku a 1991. Pamapeto osachepera lonse kutentha, maphunziro osiyana bwanji kuti kutsegula kwa lactoperoxidase akhoza sachedwa psychrotrophic a mkaka mabakiteriya kukula ndipo motero sachedwa spoilage mkaka kwa masiku poyerekeza refrigeration yekha. Ndi chofunika kwambiri kudziwa kuti cholinga cha ntchito lactoperoxidase si kuti otetezedwa mkaka mowa koma kusunga choyambirira zidazo.
Kuchita ukhondo kupanga mkaka ndi ofunika kwambiri efficacy wa lactoperoxidase ndi microbiological khalidwe mkaka. Chitetezo ndi kutsitsimuka kwa mkaka akhoza Zimapezeka ndi osakaniza kutentha mankhwala a mkaka ndi makhalidwe abwino ukhondo osadalira pa ntchito lactoperoxidase.
v. Ntchito zina
Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti kuwonjezera ndi zotsatira mavairasi oyambitsa, Lactoperoxidase Mukhozanso maselo kuteteza ziweto kumawononga zosiyanasiyana ndi peroxidation, ndipo izo ndi yofunika zikuluzikulu za chitetezo yolimbana tizilombo toyambitsa matenda mu dongosolo m'mimba mwa makanda obadwa kumene.
Lactoperoxidase System
ndi Lactoperoxidase System ndi chiyani?
Lactoperoxidase system (LPS) wapangidwa zigawo zitatu, monga lactoperoxidase, hydrogen peroxide, ndi thiocyanate (SCN¯). Dongosolo Lactoperoxidase kugwira ntchito odana ndi bakiteriya kokha pamene zigawo zitatu izi ntchito pamodzi. Mu ntchito zenizeni m'moyo, ngati ndende za chinthu makamaka mu dongosolo sikokwanira, izo ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa onetsetsani zotsatira odana ndi bakiteriya, lomwe limatchedwa LPS kutsegula. Pakati pawo, lactoperoxidase ndende sayenera zosakwana 0.02 U / mL.
Zachilengedwe lactoperoxidase ndende mu mkaka Bovine ndi 1.4 U / mL, amene akhoza kukwaniritsa mfundo yofunika imeneyi. SCN¯ ndi monzama zikupezeka secretions ndi zimakhala nyama. Mu mkaka, anthu ambiri thiocyanate ndi zochepa monga 3-5 ug / mL. Ichi ndi chinthu Kuchepetsa kwa Lactoperoxidase dongosolo ntchito. Anthu ena amanena kuti thiocyanate anafunika yambitsa dongosolo lactoperoxidase ali mozungulira 15 ug / mL kapena kuposa. N'chifukwa chake tiyenera kuwonjezera ichi thiocyanate exogenous kuti yambitsa dongosolo lactoperoxidase. The hydrogen peroxide zili mu mkaka, amene wakhala extruded, ndi 1-2 kokha ug / ml, ndi kutsegula kwa LPS ayenera 8-10 ug / mL wa hydrogen peroxide. Ndicho chifukwa hydrogen peroxide ayenera kunja aperekedwe.
Dongosolo lactoperoxidase amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri mu chitetezo titadziwa, zikhoza mabakiteriya mu mkaka ndi secretions mucosal ndipo mwina ntchito achire.
Mu chakudya ndi zaumoyo mankhwala, kuwonjezera kapena augmentation a dongosolo lactoperoxidase zina ntchito kulamulira mabakiteriya.
Kodi ntchito?
The LPS imakhala kupanga pawiri odana ndi bakiteriya ku SCN¯catalysed ndi LPO pamaso pa hydrogen peroxide. The lactoperoxidase anati ntchito antimicrobial mwachibadwa opezeka madzi angapo thupi monga madzi chapamimba, misozi, ndi malovu. The awiri m'nyanjazi zofunika kwa dongosolo antimicrobial, amene hydrogen peroxide ndi thiocyanate, alipo mu mkaka woipa osiyana, malingana ndi mtundu wa nyama ndi chakudya anapatsidwa.
Mu mkaka atsopano, ntchito antimicrobial ndi ofooka ndi iwowa zochepa kwambiri monga 2 hours kuyambira mkaka lili yekha milingo suboptimal wa peroxide pa hydrogen ndi ion thiocyanate. Thiocyanate anawonjezera amene oxidized mu hypothiocyanite 2 elekitironi anachita ololera
ntchito Thiocyanate monga cofactor kwa dongosolo Lactoperoxidase. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, chiwerengero cha sulfhydryls oxidized mu okwana zimadalira pa ion thiocyanate bola ngati
- Thiol moiety akupezeka
- Thiocyanate si wotopa
- Zokwanira hydrogen peroxide alipo
- Thiocyanate sanayambebe mbali ndi kwa amino asidi onunkhira
Chifukwa, thiocyanate reactivates zotsatira odana ndi bakiteriya a dongosolo lactoperoxidase mu mkaka atsopano. Izi chimafikira alumali moyo wa mkaka atsopano m'mikhalidwe otentha kwa maola asanu ndi atatu.
Lactoperoxidase Phunziro pankhaniyi / Ntchito
i. Odana ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono Action
Odana ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ntchito dongosolo lactoperoxidase tikaona kanthu bactericidal ndi bacteriostatic ena tizilombo amapezeka mu mkaka yaiwisi. njira yake bactericidal ntchito mu gulu thiol pa maselo tating'onoting'ono 'plasma Kakhungu ndi oxidized. Izi zotsatira mu chiwonongeko plasma Kakhungu dongosolo la wopita ku kutayikira la polypeptides, ayoni potassium ndi amino zidulo. The kutengedwa wa purines ndi pyrimidines, shuga, ndi kwa amino asidi ndi maselo imathetsa. Kaphatikizidwe DNA, RNA, komanso mapulotini amagwiritsidwa imathetsa.
mabakiteriya osiyana kusonyeza madigiri osiyana cha kuzindikira dongosolo lactoperoxidase. Galamu alibe mabakiteriya, monga nsomba, Pseudomonas, ndi Escherichia coli, akulephera ndi kuphedwa. Lactic mabakiteriya acid ndi Streptococcus pokhapokha imathetsa. Chiwonongeko cha bakiteriya zimenezi chifukwa lactoperoxidase dongosolo zimayambitsa kutayikira ena zakudya, kulepheretsa amawononga kudya zakudya, ndi kuwatsogolera izi kuchepa kapena imfa ya mabakiteriya.
ii. Chithandizo cha paradentosis, gingivitis, ndi kupha maselo chotupa
LPS amakhulupirira kuti agwire ntchito mankhwala a gingivitis ndi paradentosis. LPO lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi pakamwa Muzitsuka kuchepetsa mabakiteriya m'kamwa ndi, chifukwa, chidulo opangidwa ndi mabakiteriya izi. conjugates oteteza a dongosolo lactoperoxidase ndi shuga oxidase asonyeza kuti azigwira kuwononga ndipo potsatira kupha maselo chotupa mu m'galasi. Komanso, macrophages poyera dongosolo lactoperoxidase adamulowetsa kuwononga ndi kupha maselo a khansa.
iii. Kusamalira Mwamlomo
Osiyana matenda maphunziro kufotokoza mphamvu ya LPS mu mankhwala otsukira mano akhala zalembedwa. Pambuyo njira zina posonyeza, ntchito kuyeza experimental caries zinthu magawo, kuti amyloglucosidase lactoperoxidase mankhwala otsukira mano munali (Y-amylase) ali phindu mu chisamaliro m'kamwa. Michere monga shuga oxidase, lysozyme, ndi lactoperoxidase ndi anasamutsidwa mwachindunji mankhwala otsukira mano kuti pellicle lapansi.
Kukhala m'nyanjazi wa pellicle ndi michere imeneyi amapatsa yogwira catalytically. Komanso LPS kumakhudza opindulitsa kuteteza ndi caries oyambirira ubwana ndi kutsitsa chiwerengero cha madera amene anapanga ndi microflora cariogenic monga boosts ndende ya thiocyanate.
Ndi odwala xerostomia, lactoperoxidase otsukira mkamwa kwambiri kuposa poyerekeza ndi mankhwala otsukira mano fluoride pankhani mapangidwe zolengeza. Ntchito LPS sukhala periodontitis ndi caries. A kuphatikiza lactoperoxidase ndi lysozyme angagwiritsidwe ntchito pa matenda woyaka pakamwa matenda.
Pamene LPS ali pamodzi lactoferrin, kuphatikiza combats halitosis. Pamene LPS ali pamodzi lysozyme ndi lactoferrin, LPS amathandizanso akulitse zizindikiro xerostomia. Komanso, angakhale angelo ndi dongosolo lactoperoxidase kuthandiza kusintha zizindikiro khansa m'kamwa pamene malovu kupanga imathetsa chifukwa walitsa.
iv. Utithandize chitetezo cha m'thupi
Lactoperoxidase ntchito antimicrobial umagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri chitetezo cha m'thupi. Hypothiocyanite ndi chigawo zotakasika opangidwa ndi ntchito lactoperoxidase pa thiocyanate. hydrogen peroxide amapangidwa ndi Duox2 mapuloteni (wapawiri oxidase 2). Thiocyanate katulutsidwe odwala ndi enaake fibrosis ndi adatchithisira. Izi zimachititsa kuchepetsa kupanga za hypothiocyanite antimicrobial. Zimenezi chiopsezo apamwamba airway matenda.
The LPS kumabwezera mmbuyo helicobacter pylori mosabvuta. Koma anthu malovu lonse, LPS mapulogalamu chofooka zotsatira odana ndi bakiteriya. The LPS si kuukira DNA ndipo si mutagenic. Koma, pansi mikhalidwe, LPS mwina chifukwa maganizo pang'ono zobwera chifukwa cha okosijeni. Iwo imatsimikizirika kuti LPO pamaso pa thiocyanate lingachititse zotsatira cytotoxic ndi bactericidal wa hydrogen peroxide pa mikhalidwe, kuphatikizapo pamene H2O2 alipo mu zosakaniza zimene owonjezera thiocyanate.
Komanso, chifukwa cha katundu wake wamphamvu komanso zothandiza antibacterial ndi mkulu kutentha kukana, amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati wothandizira antibacterial yochepetsera madera bakiteriya mankhwala mkaka kapena mkaka ndipo monga chizindikiro cha mkaka kopitilira muyeso-pasteurization. Ndi mphamvu dongosolo lactoperoxidase, alumali moyo wa mkaka m'firiji yaiwisi akhoza imakula.
Ndipo hypothiocyanate umatulutsa lactoperoxidase angagwiritsidwe ntchito ziletsa nsungu simplex HIV ndi kamene kamawononga chitetezo m'thupi.
Kodi palibe chovuta thanzi anthu ndi nyama?
zaka khumi ndi asanu a maphunziro kumunda kukhala ndi maiko olemera kunachitika ndipo anamuyesa mwa FAO / WHO JECFA (olowa Akatswiri Committee pa Food zina). Pambuyo maphunziro awa mozama ndi yokulirapo anamalizidwa, ntchito dongosolo lactoperoxidase mu kuteteza mkaka ovomerezedwa ndi FAO / WHO JECFA (Katswiri Committee pa Food zina). The akatswiri kutchulidwa njira imeneyi otetezedwa kwa onse thanzi la munthu ndi nyama.
The LPS ndi constituent chilengedwe cha madzi muzituluka ndi malovu anthu, choncho otetezeka pamene ntchito kutsatira malangizo Codex Alimentarius Commission a. Njira sikumangotikhudza nyama lactating zonse. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti mankhwala zichitike pokhapokha mkaka ndi yotengedwa ndi unyinji wa.
Kutsiliza
Tikaganizira zokambirana zathu kuti lactoperoxidase ndi dongosolo lactoperoxidase zimathandiza kwambiri ndi zothandiza kwambiri osiyanasiyana ofunsira. Ngati mukufuna kuti wangwiro ndi lactoperoxidase ugule kufufuza kapena mankhwala anu chitukuko, kuyang'ana patsogolo. Tili ndi luso ndondomeko lactoperoxidase malamulo zambiri mu nthawi yaifupi zotheka ndi zotumiza iwo ku US, Europe, Canada, ndi mbali zina angapo a dziko. Omasuka kulankhula nafe kuti mumve zambiri.
Zothandizira
- Jantschko, PG Furtmüller, M. Allegra neri Al, "Redox intermediates zomera ndi peroxidases zolengedwa zoyamwitsa: a poyerekeza chosakhalitsa-kayendedwe kuphunzira reactivity zawo kwa ena ofanana indole,". Archives a sayansi ndi Biophysics, Vol. 398, palibe. 1, pp. 12-22, 2002.
- Tenovuo jo (1985). "Dongosolo peroxidase mu secretions anthu." Mu Tenovuo Jo, Pruitt Km (eds.). Dongosolo Lactoperoxidase: umagwirira ndi tanthauzo kwachilengedwenso. New York: Dekker. p. 272.
- Thomas EL, Bozeman PM, Phunzirani DB: Lactoperoxidase: kapangidwe ndi othandizira katundu. Peroxidases mu Chemistry ndi Biology. Lolembedwa ndi: Everse J, Everse ke, Grisham MB. 1991, Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press, 123-142.
- Wijkstrom-Frei C, El-Chemaly S, Ali-Rachedi R, Gerson C, Cobas MA, Forteza R, Salathe M, Conner Ge (August 2003). "Lactoperoxidase ndi anthu airway khamu chitetezo". Am. J. Respir. Cell mol. Biol. 29 (2): 206-12.
- Mikola H, Waris M, Tenovuo J: chopinga wa nsungu simplex HIV mtundu 1, kupuma syncytial HIV ndi echovirus mtundu 11. peroxidase-kwaiye hypothiocyanite. Mavairasi oyambitsa res. 1995, 26 (2): 161-171.
- Haukioja A, Ihalin R, Loimaranta V, Lenander M, Tenovuo J (September 2004). "Tilinazo Helicobacter pylori kwa limagwirira titadziwa chitetezo, dongosolo lactoperoxidase, mu gawo lotetezedwa ndi malovu anthu lonse". Journal of Medical Microbiology. 53 (pt 9): 855-60.
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