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Kodi ndinu wakufa mukutsutsana ndi ukalamba? Chabwino, mankhwala odana ndi kukalamba mosakayikira ndi njira yodalirika yothetsera nthawi yanu yachilengedwe. Yang'anani pa zovuta za Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN), gawo lake mu senescence, ndi momwe angapezere chithandizo.
Tumizani mwachangu kufunsa: Ochezera ife
Introduction
Kukalamba sikungapeweke. Komabe, pali zotheka kubwezeretsa ukalamba pogwiritsa ntchito Nicotinamide Mononucleotide. Gwiritsani mahatchi anu chifukwa ndikupatsani inu zambiri zokhudza momwe zamatsenga zimagwirira ntchito m'maselo aumunthu.
Tsitsi lofanana ndi nzeru!
Chikhulupiliro chimenechi ndi chinthu chabwino kwambiri chimene munganene kuti chikhale chachikulu. Komabe, kumwetulira kwanu kudzakhala kanthawi kochepa mukayamba kuzindikira makwinya pa khungu lanu lonse. Komanso, ukalamba umakhudza zonse zomwe zimagwira ntchito komanso zamaganizo.
Tivomerezane. Pulogalamu ya odana ndi ukalamba zodzoladzola kumaso ndi maopaleshoni okongoletsa zakhala zikupezeka m'zaka zaposachedwa. Zomwe muyenera kudziwa ndikuti njirazi ndizofupikitsa ndipo zimatha kuyambitsa zovuta.
Mwachidziwikire, muyenera kuthana ndi ukalamba poyamba kumvetsa njira zamagulu ndi zamagulu zomwe zimathandiza pazomwe zikugwirizana ndi zaka. Pambuyo pake, zimakhala zovuta kufotokoza njira zotsutsana ndi senescence. Nicotinamide Mononucleotide yotsutsa-kukalamba amagwira ntchito yobwezeretsa unyamata.
Tonsefe tikufuna kusinthana bwino, chabwino? Chabwino, izi zikhoza kukhala zosatheka pamene thupi lanu likupitirizabe kufooketsa, ndipo mumatha kukhala maginito a matenda amtundu wanji, Alzheimer's, kukumbukira kukumbukira, ndi zina zambiri.
Wodabwitsa Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN)
Kotero, kodi vuto lonse la Nicotinamide Mononucleotide ndi lotani? Ndiloleni ndifotokoze.
NMN ilipo m'ma alpha (a) ndi ma beta (B) mawonekedwe. Komabe, B-NMN ndi mawonekedwe omwe amagwira ntchito kwambiri. Nucleotide imeneyi imakhala pakati pa biosynthesis ya nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide kapena NAD +.
Izi zimakhala mwachibadwa m'magayala, tomato, nkhaka, cabbages, broccoli, ndi ng'ombe yaiwisi. Mu labotale, imapezeka ngati nicotinamide mononucleotide poda wambiri.
Mu mawonekedwe ake opangira, amadziwika ndi nambala ya CAS, 1094-61-7. Mgwirizanowu umayamba chifukwa cha zomwe zimachitika pakati pa nucleoside, monga nicotinamide riboside ndi gulu la phosphate.
M'maphunziro oyeserera, Nicotinamide Mononucleotide imagwira mbewa zatsimikizira kuti ndizothandiza pamagulu azinthu zamagetsi, kasamalidwe ka matenda a Alzheimer's, matenda okhudzana ndi matenda ashuga, zovuta zomwe zimadza chifukwa cha kunenepa kwambiri, komanso kuteteza mtima. Ngakhale zonsezi zimachitika ndi mankhwala okhudzana ndi Nicotinamide Mononucleotide, chodziwika bwino kwambiri ndichakuti amatenga nawo gawo pazochita zotsutsana ndi ukalamba.
Mu thupi la munthu, NMN ndiye gwero lalikulu la mphamvu mkati mwa maselo. Pamene mukukalamba, mphamvu zamagetsi zimachepetsa chifukwa cha nicotinamide mononucleotide ndi kuchepa kwa NAD +. Kulamulira NMN kudzasinthira ndondomekoyi ndi kulipira malire.
(1) Kodi NMN ndi yodabwitsa bwanji?
Mankhwala olimbana ndi ukalambawa amayenda ngati mphezi kuchokera m'matumbo kulowa m'magazi. Mu mphindi zochepa, adzakhala atatengedwa kupita m'magazi. Pachifukwa ichi, zikuwonekeratu kuti mwina sipangakhale zochitika zamankhwala zam'magazi zomwe zimachitika panjira yama molekyulu.
Kuthamanga kodabwitsa kumeneku kwapangitsa ochita kafukufuku kuzindikira kuti kuthekera konyamula, komwe kumathandizira kupatsira mafuta kwama cell. Mwachitsanzo, Imai ndi mnzake adayamba kupeza yankho kudzera mu kafukufuku wake waposachedwa wofalitsidwa pa Januware 7, 2019.
Ndikukalamba, thupi limagwiritsa ntchito NAD + kuposa momwe limapangira. Ngakhale mumagwiritsa ntchito nicotinamide mononucleotide, njirayi ikhalabe kuwononga nthawi bola kulibe molekyulu yothandizira mayendedwe ake. Pitilizani kupukusa kuti mumvetsetse wotumiza wodabwitsa yemwe angathetse 90% yazovuta zakukalamba.
(2) Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Structure Form
(3) Malingaliro a Nicotinamide Mononucleotide
Tumizani mwachangu kufunsa: Ochezera ife
Nicotinamide Mononucleotide ndi NAD +
onse Nicotinamide Mononucleotide ndi NAD + ndizomwe zimakhala zofunikira kwambiri m'mafakitale a mafuta.
NMN ili pakati pa biosynthesis ya Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD +). Thupi limakhala ngati gawo lapansi la michere yeniyeni monga nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase, yomwe imatembenukira ku NAD + mu thupi laumunthu. Powonongeka, gawoli limasintha ku nicotinamide. Pambuyo pake, izi zimagwirizananso ndi nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) yopanga NMN.
Mamolekyu awiriwa ndi ogwirizana kotero kuti kusowa kwa aliyense wa iwo kudzakhudza wina. Mwachitsanzo, taganizirani pamene ma NMN akugwera pansi, mwina chifukwa cha senescence, kuchuluka kwa NAD + kudzatha.
Pamene mukukalamba, ntchito zina zowonjezera mavitamini zimakonda kudya NAD + kuposa thupi limene lingathe kupanga mafuta. The Sirtu, NADase, ndi poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) ndi mbali ya michere, yomwe imatentha NAD + kutsogolera kuyambanso.
Komabe, kuchepa kwa mafuta a ma apulosi sikungokhala mosavuta. Mwachitsanzo, taganizirani zomwe zimachitika pothandizira pulojekiti zomwe zimaphatikizapo thandizo la PARP pokonza DNA yoonongeka. Komanso, timititi imathandizira kwambiri pakukonza kagetsi ka maselo.
Ngakhale pali ubale wamankhwala pakati pa akatswiri awiriwa, simungathe kupereka NAD + mwachindunji m'dongosolo lino. Momwe njirayi ingathere, zotsatirapo zake sizikhala zovuta. Mwachitsanzo, mlingo waukulu umadziwika ndi kutopa, nkhawa, ndi kusowa tulo. Kuphatikiza apo, pompopompo silingaloledwe kulowa kudzera m'mitsempha yamagazi.
(1) Njira Yokometsera
The Nicotinamide Mononucleotide ilipo ngati mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Kutentha kwake kupyolera mu matope a m'matope ndi mu kayendedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake kumayambira pafupi maminiti atatu. Ndi 15th min, zonse zidzakhala zitatengedwa. Kafukufuku wochuluka wa Imai ndi omwe adafufuza nawo akuwona kuti pali puloteni yomwe imathandizira kuthamanga kwakanthawi.
Pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa, NMN imasintha mosavuta ku NAD + kuti isungidwe bwino. Njira ya metabolism ikhoza kutenga theka la ora. NAD + imakhala yambiri m'matumbo, minofu yoyera, chiwindi, ndi cortex. Komabe, kulamulira kwa nthawi yaitali kwa Nicotinamide Mononucleotide kunapitirira msinkhu wa NAD + mu ziwalo zina monga minofu yofiira adipose.
(2) NMN Biosynthetic Njira
M'maselo a mammalia, pali njira zitatu zosiyana zedi zamagetsi zomwe zimaperekera kufooka kwa NAD +.
① De Novo Pathway
De Novo ndi mawu otchedwa "Lain", omwe amatanthauza "kuyambira pachiyambi." Pano, nucleotide imachokera ku tryptophan kapena nicotinic acid, yomwe imachokera ku zakudya za NMN.
Panjirayi, momwe zinthu zimagwirira ntchito zimayambitsa mapangidwe a nicotinic acid mononucleotide, nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide, ndipo potsirizira pake kuyembekezera kwambiri NAD +. De Novo imapanga pafupifupi 15% ya mafuta onse.
② Njira ya Salvage
Apa, njirayo imapezanso nucleosides pamene DNA imatha. Zimapanga zoposa 80% za chiwerengero cha NAD +, chimene thupi la munthu limafuna ntchito zapulogalamu. Njirayo imagwiritsira ntchito nicotinic asidi ndi nicotinamide kuti apange NAD yatsopano.
Nthenda yotchedwa phosphoribosyltransferase imathandizira kupanga mapangidwe a nicotinic acid mononucleotide kuchokera ku nicotinic acid. Pambuyo pake, nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase 1 imapangitsa kuti adenylation iwonongeke kwa mankhwalawa ndi nicotinic acid adenine mononucleotide, ndipo potsiriza ku NAD +.
Ntchito ya NMN pamunthu imadalira njirayi.
③ NR Conversion
Nicotinamide Riboside ndi wotsutsa wina wa NAD +. Pa phosphorylation pamaso pa nicotinamide riboside kinase, biomarker imapereka NMN musanayambe kukhala ndi enzymatic kutembenuzidwa kukhala NAD +.
Mbiri ya NAD + ndi NMN mu Research
Kwa zaka zambiri, phunziroli ndi njira zothandizira za nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide ndi zotsatila zake zakhala zikupsya mtima. Komabe, muyenera kuzindikira kuti izi anti-aging supplements akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito mufukufuku kuyambira pakati pa 1900s.
Mu 1906, akatswiri oyamba adanena kuti NAD + imachepetsa kuchulukitsa kwa yisiti. Pambuyo pake, akatswiri a sayansi ya sayansi ya zakuthambo anatsatizana ndi kuikonza kuti ikhale nucleotide.
Kupyolera mufukufuku wake mu 1937, Conrad Elvehjem adapeza kuti nicotinamide ndi nicotinic ndi mavitamini ndi zowonongeka za NAD +. Patapita nthawi, anapeza kuti awiriwa akhoza kuchepetsa agalu. Chifukwa chake ndi chakuti ma nicotinic acid ndi nicotinamide anali otsika kwambiri kwa anthu omwe akudwala matendawa.
Mu 1963, gulu la asayansi lidakhazikitsa kuti Nicotinamide Mononucleotide imagwira mbewa zimathandizira ma enzyme omwe amadalira DNA, omwe anali othandiza pakupititsa patsogolo ma cell. Patadutsa zaka ziwiri, ofufuza ena adatulutsa njira za NAD + zamagetsi zama tryptophan ndi nicotinic acid.
Kuchokera nthawi imeneyo, akatswiri a sayansi ya zakuthambo akhala akupitiriza kusonyeza chidwi pa NMN ndi NAD + kafukufuku. Mu nthawi ino, chofunika kwambiri ndi kufunikira kwa izi mankhwala osokoneza bongo kukhala ndi moyo wautali komanso kuchepetsa mavuto okalamba.
Kafukufuku watsopano wa Nicotinamide Mononucleotide amagwira ntchito pa mbewa
Pali mitundu yambiri yophunzirira pazithunzi zamakono zomwe zimasonyeza ubwino wa mankhwala a Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (1094-61-7).
Tiye tikambirane ochepa chabe, omwe athandizidwa ndi kusintha kwa chilengedwe.
(1) Malingana ndi Sinclair, NAD + ndi Kasupe wa Achinyamata
Dr. Sinclair ndi anzake achita kafukufuku angapo ponena za ubwino wa nicotinamide mononucleotide ndi NAD + potembenuza kukalamba. Malingana ndi kafukufuku wake wa 2013, Sinclair ndi gulu adapeza kuti mbewa za 22 zamwezi zomwe zimatenga NMN kwa masiku asanu ndi limodzi zinasonyeza kusintha kwa minofu, kuchepa kwa thupi, ndi chipiriro.
Pambuyo pake pa pepala la kafukufuku wa 2016, gululo linatsimikizira kuti NMN inali ndi mapindu omwewo monga kuchita. M'malo mothamanga tsiku lililonse, mutha kukhala ndi zotsatira zofanana mukamagwiritsira ntchito mankhwala a Nicotinamide Mononucleotide m'malo mwake.
Malingana ndi Harvard Geneticist, a NMN imagwira ntchito pa anthu Zimayendera kuzungulira magazi pa okalamba ndi othamanga othamanga.
(2) Mphero Zimatsimikizira kuti NMN imachepetsanso kuchepa kwa thupi kwa azimuna okalamba
Pofotokoza phunziro la 2016, Mills et al. anapeza kuti chithandizo cha NMN chikhoza kutsutsana ndi kuchepa kwa thupi ndi maumunthu m "makoswe akale. Kumapeto kwa NMN supplement kafukufuku, makoswe amalembetsa kuwonjezeka kwamawonedwe am'magazi amthupi, kuchuluka kwa ma lymphocytic, ndi kuchepa kwa ma neutrophils.
M'mbuyomu, mu 2011, Mills, Yoshino, ndi Imai adagwiritsa ntchito mbewa kuti atsimikizire udindo wa NAD + pochiza matenda ashuga obwera chifukwa cha zakudya. Pakafukufuku wina wa 2016, adalumikizana ndi ofufuza ena omwe adatsimikiza kuti kuwonjezera kwa NMN kuthana ndi kupsinjika kwa oxidative komanso kusokonekera kwa mitsempha mu mbewa zakale.
(3) Matenda a NMN a Alzheimer (AD) mu Murine Models
Mu 2015, Long et al. adasanthula momwe NMN imathandizira pakuchepa kwa kupuma kwa mitochondrial pa mbewa ndi matenda a Alzheimer's. Gululi lidazindikira kuti chithandizo cha NMN chidatha kuthana ndi zamatsenga za AD, kuphatikiza otsika OCR (kuchuluka kwama oxygen), NAD + falloff, ndi zovuta za mitochondria.
Mu 2016, Wang ndi anzawo adasindikiza kafukufuku wawo, pomaliza kuti awa odana ndi ukalamba Mankhwala osokoneza bongo amalimbana ndi kuwonongeka kwazindikiritso ndi mitsempha, zomwe zimachokera ku ig-amyloid (AB) oligomer. Puloteni iyi ya AB ndi neurotoxic ndipo imayambitsa mapangidwe a zolengeza muubongo wa odwala AD. Wang et al. adamaliza kuti kayendetsedwe ka NMN mu mbewa zidapangitsa kuchepa kwa AB oligomers, potero kulimbitsa magwiridwe antchito.
Kutsatira kafukufuku wa 2017, Hou ndi anzawo adazindikira kuti NAD + supplementation yachepetsa kupanga kwa ig-amyloid oligomers. Chaka chotsatira, Yao ndi gulu lake adakhazikitsa kuti Nicotinamide Mononucleotide imachepetsa kudzikundikira kwa AB ndi kutayika kwa synaptic mu mitundu ya AD-Tg murine.
(4) NMN ndi Cardio-chitetezo
Malinga ndi zomwe 2014 Yamamoto ndi anzawo adalemba mu XNUMX, NMN amateteza mtima ku kuvulala kwa ischemic ndikubwezeretsanso. Asanaphunzire izi, Yamamoto anali mgulu la 2012, lomwe lidapeza kuti NAD + imawerengera kunenepa kwambiri kwama mbewa.
Mu 2016, De Picciotto et al. ndipo amzake amzake amaphunzira momwe mphamvu ya NMN imathandizira pakamagwira mbewa zokalamba. Kuchokera pamalingaliro, nicotinamide mononucleotide idakhala yothandiza pothetsa kuchepa kwa mitsempha, kupsinjika kwa oxidative, ndikuchepetsa elastin.
(5) Kupeza Kwa Njira Yatsopano ya Mafuta Akutumizidwa ndi Shin-Ichiro Imai
Mu kafukufuku waposachedwapa, gulu la asayansi motsogoleredwa ndi Imai adapeza ndipo adasula nthumwi yodabwitsa ya NMN m'maselo.
Kafukufukuyu wa NMN supplement poyamba anapezeka mu January 2019 mkati Chilengedwe cha Metabolism. Imai anakhazikitsa kuti puloteni inayake, Slc12a8, ndi yomwe imayambitsa kutembenuka kwa NMN kwa NAD + mofulumira ndikuyendetsa mu selo. Enzyme imeneyi imakhala yaikulu kwa anthu akale osati achinyamata kapena thanzi labwino.
M'maphunziro onse am'mbuyomu, asayansi ofufuza amatha kusungunula ufa wambiri m'madzi asanawapatse mbewa.
Tumizani mwachangu kufunsa: Ochezera ife
Ubwino wa Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN)
NMN ili ndi ntchito zambiri zochiritsira komanso zotsatira za mankhwala pa thupi la munthu. Pasanathe zaka khumi, asayansi apatulira nthawi yawo yophunzira zonse za Nicotinamide Mononucleotide kuphatikizapo njira zomwe zimalongosola ukalamba ndi matenda okhudzana ndi zaka.
Tiyeni tiwunikire maubwino ampangidwe wa makina amunthu.
(1) Kutsegula Mitundu ya Zamoyo
Kufikira kuyambika kwa 21st zaka zapitazi, akatswiri anali ndi zifukwa zokwanira zowonetsera ukalamba ngati njira yosasinthika. Komabe, lingaliro limeneli lakhala lopanda kanthu chifukwa cha kufufuza kwapadera anti-aging supplements monga Nicotinamide Mononucleotide.
NMN imachitika mwachibadwa m'maselo aumunthu ndipo imayambitsa biosynthesis ya NAD + ndi kupanga mphamvu. Pamene mukukalamba, izi zimakhala zochepa kwambiri zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a maselo. Kumbukirani, magulu ogwira ntchitowa amafunikira mafuta okwanira okwanira nthawi zonse, choncho, kugwa kumachepetsa msinkhu wa moyo wa maselo.
Kuwongolera mankhwala ogwira ntchito odana ndi ukalamba monga NMN idzasinthira ndondomeko ndi kuchepetsa ukalamba.
(2) Kulimbikitsa Maselo Achinyamata Achinyamata
Chiyambi chachikulu cha matenda ambiri okhudzana ndi ukalamba ndi wocheperachepera mpaka pamaselo a ma selo. Kuchepa kwa kupanga mphamvu m'kati mwa maselo ndizo zikuluzikulu zowonjezera zizindikiro za ukalamba.
Pokhala chithunzithunzi cha NAD +, NMN ili ndi gawo lomwe liyenera kuthandizira kusunga mphamvu zamagetsi za mitochondria. Kukalamba kumapangitsa kuchepa kwa NAD +. Chifukwa chaichi, ukalamba umatenga nthawi pang'ono kuti ukhale ndi matenda okalamba.
Dontho m'magulu a mphamvu zam'manja mkati mwa ziwalo zofunikira monga minofu, mitsempha ya magazi, impso, chiwindi, kapena mphukira nthawi zonse zimasokoneza thanzi labwino ndi thanzi. Ndi chifukwa chake matenda omwe amatchedwa ischemia, matenda a mtima, impso, matenda osokoneza bongo, ndi ena akuwombera.
Yankho langwiro ndilowonjezera thupi Nicotinamide mononucleotide ndi NAD + ndimankhwala akunja a NMN. Izi Mankhwala olimbana ndi kukalamba amapereka mwayi watsopano wamaselo okalamba, omwe amawoneka ngati achichepere.
(3) Kupititsa patsogolo Kuthamanga kwa Magazi
Chimodzi mwa kusintha komwe kumachitika nthawi yakale ndi kuchepa kwa mitsempha ya magazi mkati mwa thupi la mamamia. Choncho, ma circulatory system imakumana ndi mavuto ambiri pakanyamula zakudya, mpweya, kutentha, kapena kuchotsa zida kuchokera ku ziwalo. Popeza kuti zinthu zikupitirirabe, zimaipiraipira patapita nthawi kuti zizindikiro za matenda a nthawi yaitali zichitike.
Nicotinamide Mononucleotide ndiyomwe imayambitsa kupanga mitsempha ya magazi. Ndiloleni ndifotokoze. Pulogalamuyi imapanga NAD +, yomwe imathandizanso puloteni ya Sirir deacetylase (SIRT1).
Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, SIRT1 imapangitsanso mabwinja a lysine omwe amathandiza kupanga mpweya wabwino wa oxygen. Njirayi imamenyana ndi zovuta zowonjezera zowonjezereka, kutsekemera, kapena kuvulala kwa kasupe. Nthawi zambiri, thupi lomwelo lidzagonjetsa ischemia ndi zochitika zogwirizana ndi ischemic preconditioning (IPC). IPC idzachitapo kanthu pofuna kulimbikitsa kupanga SIRT1.
Mukhoza kupereka NMN musanachitike chochitika chachilendo kapena panthawi yake. Zisanachitike, kampaniyi imapereka chitetezo cha cardio popititsa patsogolo ATP kupanga kudzera mwa glycolysis.
Pankhani ya Ischemia, mutha kugwiritsabe ntchito Nicotinamide Mononucleotide chifukwa ingayambitse acidosis ndikupangitsa kusowa kwa mitochondrial; chifukwa chake, kutsimikizira kutetezedwa kwa dongosolo la mtima.
(4) Muscle Endurance
Mukuyembekezera chiyani magazi akuchepa? Boma litsogolera kutayika kwa minofu. Sitikukayika kuti mudzawona kuti anthu akale amakhala ndi magwiridwe antchito, kupirira pang'ono, kusayenda, komanso otopa kwambiri nthawi zonse.
Chimodzi mwazinthu zodziwika bwino zomwe a Dr. Sinclair adachita ndichakuti mphamvu ya NMN ikuthandizira kulimbikitsa minofu. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wake wa 2013 komanso 2018 yaposachedwa, mbewa zakale zomwe zidapatsidwa mankhwala a masiku asanu ndi awiri a NMN zidakhala zolimbitsa thupi komanso zolimba ngati anzawo achichepere.
Mphamvu ya minofu ndi kupirira kwa mbewa zakale (miyezi ya 30) zinali zofanana ndi za mwana wachinyamata wa miyezi isanu. Mibadwo imeneyi ikufanana ndi pafupifupi 70 ndi zaka 20 kwa anthu. Kuchokera pazofukufuku, mungathe kuchepetsa kuti NMN ikhale yogwira ntchito paumunthu ndikutsimikiza ngati imfa.
(5) Kulimbana ndi Matenda a Neurodegenerative
Ubongo uli ngati mphamvu ya dongosolo lanu. Izi zikhoza kukhala chifukwa chomwe madokotala amakhulupirira nthawi zonse pa ubongo pamene akulengeza nthawi ya imfa.
Kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha NAD + mu ubongo kumayambitsa thanzi labwino pakati pa okalamba. Ulamuliro wa NMN ukufulumizitsa kupanga NAD +, motero, kuteteza ntchito za neural.
Maphunziro ambiri amatsimikizira kuti Nicotinamide Mononucleotide imapindula kuzindikira, sitiroko, komanso kulepheretsa kukumbukira kukumbukira, komwe kumafala ndi ukalamba. Mwachidule, izi odana ndi ukalamba zowonjezerazo ndizoyang'anira ma neuron.
NMN imalunjika makamaka pamalingaliro amtundu uliwonse wamanjenje. Mwachitsanzo, Alzheimer's Matendawa amapezeka chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa NAD +, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kocheperako kwa mpweya muubongo, komanso zovuta za mitochondrial. Kuchulukitsa kuchuluka kwa NMN mthupi kuwerengera zotsatirazi.
Malinga ndi kafukufuku wofalitsidwa mu 2012, Nicotinamide Mononucleotide idzawongolera kuwonongeka kwa ubongo, komwe kumayambitsa sitiroko. Mbewa zakale zomwe zinali pansi pa kuchuluka kwa NMN zidalembetsa kusintha kwakukulu pakupanga kwa NAD +. Mitundu yofufuzayi inali ndi chitetezo chokwanira motsutsana ndi kupwetekedwa kwa ischemic, kufa kwa neural, ndi kutupa kwamitsempha.
(6) Kusintha Metabolism mu Ukalamba
Ofufuza ambiri afufuza ndi kutsimikizira kuti NMN imayambitsa kulekerera kwa glucose pamene imapangitsa kuti shuga yambiri isamakhale ndi zakudya zambiri. Phunziroli likugwiranso ntchito kwa anthu okalamba omwe amayamba shuga kapena chifukwa cha shuga kapena zakudya zoperewera. Kuonjezera apo, kudya zakudya zochuluka kumawonjezera insulini kukana.
Nicotinamide Mononucleotide ili ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha NAD +, zomwe zimachepetsanso kutupa kwa zaka zomwe zimapangitsa kuti thupi likhale ndi mafuta ambiri.
(7) Kuchiza kwa Shuga
Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amtundu wachiwiri nthawi zonse amakhala osagwirizana ndi insulin. Khalidwe ili chifukwa chakugwa mu NAD +. Zotsatira zake, maselowo amakhala ndi nkhawa ya oxidative komanso kutupa. Ngati mudakali achichepere, thupi limadzilimbitsa lokha mwazinthu zina zakuthupi. Komabe, ndi ukalamba, milingo ya NAD + imachepa m'ziwalo zothandizira moyo monga mafupa, chiwindi, ubongo, ndi kapamba.
Chinanso chimene chimayambitsa matenda a shuga ndicho kudya zakudya zamafuta ambiri. Mafuta osakwanira okwanira amalepheretsa biosynthesis ya NAD +. Pofuna kutsimikizira kuti Nicotinamide Mononucleotide imathandiza bwanji pochiza matenda ashuga okhudzana ndi msinkhu komanso zakudya, Yoshino ndi anzawo adagwiritsa ntchito mbewa ziwiri.
Pambuyo popereka mlingo wa tsiku ndi tsiku wa NMN kwa masiku pafupifupi 10, ophunzirawo adatsimikiza kuti mbewa, zomwe zimadya mafuta ambiri, zidalembetsa kusagwirizana kwa insulin. Kumbali inayi, mbewa za matenda ashuga zimawonetsa kusintha kwakukulu kwa hyperlipidemia.
(8) Kusintha Kukalamba
Zovuta zaumoyo nthawi zonse zimayendera limodzi ndi ukalamba. Pamene thupi likumana ndi kusintha kwambiri kwa thupi, ntchito zina zimagwera kubwerera. Mwachitsanzo, taganizirani kuti nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide imachepa mu ziwalo zingapo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa mphamvu za magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito mitochondrion ya selo.
Kukalamba kumayambitsa zinthu zosiyanasiyana monga kuwonongeka kwa DNA chifukwa cha mamolekyu osatulutsidwa, kupsinjika kwa magazi, ndi mavuto ena. Kodi mukudziwa zomwe zimachitika? Chabwino, pali DNA yokonza mapuloteni (PARP1) mu dongosolo laumunthu. Pankhani ya kuwonongeka kwa DNA, NAD + idzayambitsa mapuloteniwa kuti akonze selo yogwidwa.
Kafukufuku wochuluka wadza ndi zopindulitsa za nicotinamide mononucleotide mu ukalamba. Mwachitsanzo, a Mills ndi anzawo adagwiritsa ntchito mbewa zoyeserera pofufuza momwe kuchepa kwa thupi kwa NMN kumathandizira kuchepa kwa thupi.
Phunziroli, ochita kafukufuku adanena kuti nthawi yayitali chithandizo cha mankhwalachi chinapangitsa kuti kuwonjezeka kwa majeremusi osokonezeka mu chiwindi, mitsempha, ndi minofu. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, zomwe anapezazi zinatsimikizira kuti maselo a chitetezo cha m'magulu, chitetezo cha ma lymphocytes, ndi kuchititsidwa kwa leukocyte.
Chinthu china cha ukalamba ndi kukhalapo kwa mawanga owala mu thumba la maso. Matendawa kuphatikizapo kuperewera kwa mafupa kufooka komanso kulephera kubweretsa misozi kwawerengedwa bwino pa makoswe. Asayansi ananena kuti mbewa, zomwe zinayikidwa pa chithandizo cha mwezi wa XMUMX wa NMN, zinasintha zinthu zonsezi.
Zaka zambiri ndizo chifukwa chokha chomwe anthu amachitira Gulani Nicotinamide Mononucleotide.
(9) Kuchiza kwa Kunenepa Kwambiri
Kwa okalamba, NMN ikhoza kuchepetsa mpaka 10% ya kulemera kwa thupi koyamba popanda kupeza pakati pakati pa njala ndi kukula. Zomwe zimayambitsa kunenepa kwambiri ndi shuga zimagwirizana. Maseŵera a NAD + otsika amachititsa kulephera kwa mitochondrial; chotero, kuchepa kwa kupanga ATP.
Kunenepa kumachepetsa mphamvu ya mitochondria pakupanga ATP mphamvu kwa maselo. Mukapereka Nicotinamide Mononucleotide, mankhwalawa amachititsa kusagwirizana kwa shuga ndi ntchito zina zamagetsi zokhudzana ndi kunenepa kwambiri.
Zikafika pakukweza magazi, NMN yokhudza kunenepa kwambiri imachitanso chimodzimodzi ndi kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Piritsi limodzi lingakhale lofanana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito chopondera tsiku lililonse. Komabe, kusiyana kumabwera m'magulu azomwe zili ndi NAD + m'ziwalo zathupi. Pomwe Nicotinamide Mononucleotide imakulitsa NAD + m'chiwindi ndi minofu yamphamvu, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumangomangika pakapangidwe kake mkati mwa minofu.
Kodi Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN) Ikugwira Ntchito Pa Munthu?
Mwina ili ndi funso lomwe likupezeka m'mutu mwanu. Mulimonsemo, kafukufuku ndi Preclinical kafukufuku wokhazikika pa Nicotinamide mononucleotide ndi NAD + akhala akuwongolera mitundu ya murine.
Ngati muli ndi zosungira za momwe NMN ikugwirira ntchito paumunthu, ndizo zonse zomwe mukuyenera kuzidziwa. Dr. David Sinclair, wofufuza kapamwamba, ndi geneticist ku Harvard University ndi mmodzi mwa omwe adalandira NMN.
Sinclair avomereza kuti amatenga chowonjezera. Pakadali pano, wophunzirayo sanalembe zotsatira zoyipa za nicotinamide mononucleotide. M'malo mwake, akunena kuti amadzimva wachichepere wokhala ndi malingaliro owoneka bwino. Zobisalira ndi jet lags tsopano ndi nthawi yapitayi kwa iye. Ananenanso kuti abambo ake, omwe ali kumapeto kwa zaka makumi asanu ndi awiri, amatenganso chowonjezera.
Kuwonjezera apo, Dr. Sinclair wakhala akugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa monga oyambirira ku Brigham ndi Women's Hospital. Ali ndi ndondomeko zowonjezeretsa kuyesa kwa okalamba omwe ali ndi thanzi labwino. Ngakhale kuti phunziro lake limodzi ndi lathunthu, adakalibe buku lovomerezeka. Sinclair adayamba gawo lachiwiri lachipatala ichi NMN supplement kafukufuku mu 2018.
chipatala Mayesero
Phunziro lachipatala lomwe limayenera ku 1st June 2020, ofufuza akuyang'ana kuti asinthe kusintha kwa mphamvu ndi beta-selo ikugwira ntchito ndi NMN supplementation mwa anthu. Ophunzirawo akuchokera ku Sunivesite ya Washington University of Medicine ndi Keio University School of Medicine ku Tokyo.
Mu kuyesedwa kwaumunthu komwe kunayamba ku 2016 ku Keio University, akatswiriwa anali kuyang'ana kuti aone ngati NMN ndi otetezeka kwambiri. Mu gawo lachiŵiri lopitirira, bungwe lomwelo, lotsogoleredwa ndi Shin-Ichiro, likufufuza kafukufuku wa NMN wa nthawi yayitali. Zowonjezerapo, gululi likufuna kufufuza njira zokhudzana ndi matenda opatsirana pogonana, NMN kinetics, ndi mankhwala omwe amachititsa kuti shuga isamagwiritsidwe ntchito.
Mu phunziro lachipatala la 2017 ndi University of Washington, ophunzirawo anali ndi akazi a 50 a zaka 55 mpaka zaka 75. Gululi linaikidwa pa mlingo wa tsiku ndi tsiku wa 250mg wa NMN kwa masabata asanu ndi atatu. Ngakhale kuti anali a thanzi labwino, akaziwa anali ndi shuga kwambiri, triglyceride, ndi BMI. Phunziro silinamalire.
Pakadali pano, palibe zofalitsa zomwe zimatsimikizira kuti NMN imagwira ntchito pa anthu. Komabe, muyenera kuyimilira chifukwa china chake chikuphika ndipo mayesero azachipatala atha kukhala olonjeza.
Mmene Mungagwiritsire ntchito Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN) Yotsutsa Kukula?
Ngati mukuyang'ana kugula nicotinamide mononucleotide, pali zinthu zingapo zomwe muyenera kudziwa.
Mungathe kutenga mankhwala monga chakudya chowonjezera chifukwa sanalandire mgwirizano womaliza wa FDA kukhala mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Mlingo uli pakati pa 25mg ndi 300mg malingana ndi ubwino wa thanzi lomwe mukufuna kuti mukwaniritse. Komabe, anthu ena amavomereza kutenga 1000mg patsiku. Tenga Mwachitsanzo, Dr. Sinclair amatenga 750mg / tsiku. Kuphatikiza apo, akuwonjezera mphamvuyi ndi resveratrol ndi metformin.
Mu mayesero a chipatala a NMN, ambiri ofufuza adzaika maphunziro awo pamtundu wa 100mg kwa 250mg.
Mvetserani pamagulu osiyana
Ngati mukufuna kupititsa patsogolo mankhwalawa, muyenera kugula mapiritsi a Nicotinamide Mononucleotide kuti muwongolera. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kumachepetsa kuchepetsa ndalama zomwe zimalowa m'matumbo. Chifukwa chake n'chakuti imayambitsa matenda ndi kuchepa pamene imadutsa m'magazi ndi chiwindi.
NMN yamagulu amodzi mwachindunji alowa mwazi popanda zitsulo zilizonse. Kuchuluka kwake kwa njira iyi yobereka ndi pafupifupi kasanu kuposa kulamulira komlomo. Pachifukwa ichi, mufunika kuwonjezera mlingo kuti mupange choyamba chamagetsi pachiwindi. Tiyerekeze kuti mukufufuza, mungafunikire ufa wochuluka wa nicotinamide mononucleotide kuti mutsirize phunzirolo.
Zotsatira Zake za Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Muyenera Kudziwa
Zofananira ndizofanana ndi zomwe zimawonetsedwa ndi niacinamide ndi zina za vitamini B3 komposionotinamide mononucleotide zoyipa s. Komabe, anthu ambiri samaziwona nkomwe. Mwachitsanzo, wasayansi wamkulu wofufuza ku Harvard University avomereza kuti atenga NMN, koma sanazindikire zovuta zilizonse.
Pakalipano, mu Nicotinamide Mononucleotide yomwe ilipo ikugwira ntchito pa mbewa, palibe deta yomwe imasonyeza kuti pali zotsatirapo zina zomwe zimayambitsa maonekedwe a murine. Palibe wofufuza amene adalemba chizindikiro choipa pafupipafupi komanso kwa nthawi yaitali NMN administration.
Anthu ena amatha kuona zotsatirazi zoipa;
- nseru
- kusanza
- chizungulire
- Mimba imakhumudwitsidwa
- kutsekula
- Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa monga itchiness, mng'oma, kapena misampha
Nthawi zambiri, zotsatira za nicotinamide mononucleotide zikhoza kukhala zovuta kwambiri kuti mufunse kufufuza mwamsanga. Kutchula zochepa, zovuta kupuma, kupweteka mtima kwa mtima, kusanza kosalekeza, khungu la chikasu, ndi kusowa kwa njala ndi zina mwa zizindikiro zovuta.
Contraindications
Pakadali pano, mayesero a zachipatala amangokhala akuluakulu okalamba mu zaka za 45 mpaka zaka 75. Pa chifukwa ichi, magulu otsatirawa ayenera kukhala osamala asanayambe kuwonjezera zowonjezera kupirira kwa NMN.
- Amayi oyembekezera ndi oyamwitsa
- Anthu omwe ali ndi mbiri ya hypersensitivity kwa NMN
- Odwala amamwa mankhwala odwala matenda aakulu
Tumizani mwachangu kufunsa: Ochezera ife
Kodi Ndingapeze Kuti Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo-Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN)?
(1) NMN Zakudya Zakudya
Mwinamwake mukukangana kuti ndi chifukwa chiyani muyenera kugula Nicotinamide Mononucleotide pamene mungapeze mosavuta zakudya zina. Ndiloleni ndikufotokozere mwachidule chifukwa chake izi zowonjezera ndizofunikira.
Monga NAD + imachepa m'thupi chifukwa cha kukalamba, maselo sangathe kulimbana ndi zotsatira zake. Panthawi imeneyi, kusankha kwanu kokha kungakhale kugwiritsa ntchito NMN supplements. Madokotala amakulimbikitsani kutenga zakudya za NMN monga broccoli, bowa, edamame, kapena shrimp. Komabe, zakudya izi zidzangopereka zosakwana 5% za zomwe thupi lanu limafuna.
FDA ikuvomereza kuti munthu aliyense akusowa pafupifupi 560mg ya NMN patsiku. Tiyerekeze kuti mutenga mafuta kuchokera ku broccoli, mudzadya mapepala a 1500 ofanana.
(2) Zotsatira za NMN
The nicotinamide mononucleotide ufa wambiri ilipo kugulitsidwa m'masitolo ambiri a mankhwala ndi mankhwala kapena ma laboratories. Ngati mukufuna zina pa kafukufuku wanu, mukhoza kupanga ndondomeko yowonjezera, yomwe imabwera ndi mitengo yotsika mtengo ndi zoperekera pazitsamba zotsatsira.
Kupanga malonda a pa NMN pa intaneti kumangopulumutsa nthawi yanu komanso kumapereka nsanja yabwino poyerekeza mitengo yosiyana. Ngati simuli wofufuza, mukhoza kugula Nicotinamide Mononucleotide zowonjezera kuti mugwiritse ntchito. Musanayambe dongosolo, onetsetsani kuti ndi zakudya zamakono.
Chidule
Zikumveka zosamveka kunena kuti NMN imawonjezera nthawi ya moyo wa anthu. Komabe, izi zikutsimikiziridwa. Chifukwa cha imfa pakati pa okalamba ndi chifukwa cha matenda omwe amachititsa zaka zambiri, zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha ntchito zamagulu osauka.
The Nicotinamide Mononucleotide yotsutsa-kukalamba imangoyamba kuwongolera mafuta opangira mavitamini komanso kuwonjezera mphamvu za maselo. Zimagwira ntchito polepheretsa NAD +, yomwe imayamba kuchepa ngati ifeyo tikukalamba.
Kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala okalamba, kusungunuka, dzuwa, kapena kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi pa zakudya zabwino kungangosintha nkhope yanu. Komabe, muyenera kumvetsa chomwe chimayambitsa mavuto okalamba omwe angawachitire. Nicotinamide mononucleotide imasintha ukalamba pokonzanso DNA yowonongeka, kuteteza ubongo, mapulogalamu a mtima, kupangitsa minofu kugwira ntchito, ndi kuwonjezera chipiriro.
Ngati mukufuna nicotinamide mononucleotide ufa wambiri, fufuzani ndi ife ndipo muzisangalala ndi mtengo wabwino.
Zothandizira
- Mphero, KF, Yoshino, J., Yoshida, S., et al. (2016). Kulamulira kwa Nthaŵi Zakale za Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Zimasintha Mitengo ya Kusagwirizana Kwambiri M'magulu. Cell Metabolism.
- Yoshino, J., Mills, KF, Imai, SI, ndi Yoon, MJ (2011). Nicotinamide Mononucleotide, chofunika kwambiri cha NAD + Chokhazikika, Amachiza Pathophysiology Chakudya Chakudya Chakudya Chakudya Chakudya Chakudya Chakudya Chakudya Chakudya Chakudya Chakudya Chakudya Chakudya Chakudya Chakudya Chakudya Chakudya Chakudya Chamakono Cell Metabolism.
- Yamamoto, T., Byun, J., Zhai P., Ikeda, Y., Oka, S., ndi Sadoshima, J. (2014). Nicotinamide Mononucleotide, Wopakatikati wa NAD + Synthesis, Amateteza Mtima ku Ischemia ndi Reperfusion.
- Sinclair, DA, Uddin, GM, Youngson, NA, ndi Morris, MJ (2016). Mutu kupita ku Mutu Kufanizitsa Chithandizo cha Nthawi Yachidule ndi Chotsutsa NAD + Chotsatira Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN) ndi Ma sabata asanu ndi limodzi a Kuchita Zozizira M'magulu Okazi Amuna.
- Imai, S., Yoshino, J., Mills, KF, Grozio, A., et al. (2019) Slc12a8 ndi Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Transporter. Chilengedwe cha Metabolism.
- De Picciotto, NE, Mills, KF, Imai, S., Gano, LB, et al. (2016). Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Amatsitsimutsa Matenda Osavuta ndi Mavuto Osokoneza Bongo ndi Amphawi Okalamba.
- Yao, Z., Gao, Z., Yang, W., ndi Jia, P. (2017). Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Imaletsa JNK Kukonzekera Kuti Muthane ndi Matenda a Alzheimer.
- Hou, Y., Wang, Y., Zhang, Y., Lautrup, S., et al. (2018). NAD + Zowonjezeretsa Zomwe Zimapangitsa Makhalidwe Aakulu a Alzheimer ndi DNA Kuwonongeka Mayankho mu New AD Mouse Model ndi Kutulutsidwa DNA Kukonza Kufooka.
- NTHAWI NICOTINAMIDE MONONUCLEOTIDE (NMN) UTHO (1094-61-7).


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Tepi Yosasunthika Yoluka: 100% nayiloni
Kukula Kwapa tepi Kukula: 16mm-160mm kapena Makonda
Chitsimikizo cha Tepi Yosasunthika: ISO9001
Tepi Yosasunthika Yolumikizana MOQ: 25 m
Tepi Yosasunthika Yotsegulira Nthawi yobweretsera: Patatha masiku 3-5 akugwira ntchito atalandidwa
Mtundu Wosasunthika wa Tepe: Makonda
Zitsanzo Zosasunthika za Tepe: Zaulere
Tepi Yosasunthika Yopindika: Tepi / Dontho / Makonda
Chosavundikira Chingwe cha Tape Mbali: Eco-Wokondeka, Kukaniza Kutentha, Kodziphatika
Kanema Wosasunthika Wopindika: Makonda Osinthidwa


text:
Patadutsa miyezi yambiri mphekesera komanso kutuluka, dzulo pamapeto pake tidachotsa kukayikira ndipo mphekesera zonse zoti mpaka dzulo zidatulukira za mbiri yatsopano ya kampaniyo zidatsimikiziridwa mwalamulo. Ndinkayembekezera izi Samsung ikadakhala ndi nkhani zofunika kuziulula pamwambowu, koma mwatsoka sizinali choncho ndipo chiwonetserocho chinali njira chabe yomwe sinatipatse chidziwitso chatsopano. Koma masiku akamadutsa mpaka magawo oyamba kufikira anthu, pang'ono ndi pang'ono tidzakhala tikufalitsa zolemba ndi zodabwitsazi kapena zambiri zantchito ya otsiriza.
Chimodzi mwazinthu zochepa zomwe tidakhudzidwa nazo ndi chokhudza mtundu wa bulutufi womwe chipangizochi chatsopano chimagwiritsa ntchito, kukhala woyamba kugwiritsa ntchito mtundu wa 5.0, mtundu womwe udakhazikitsidwa mwalamulo lisanathe chaka ndikuti imatipatsa kawiri liwiro la mtundu wa 4.x ndipo ilinso ndi mphamvu zowirikiza kanayi. Mwanjira imeneyi, kuchuluka kwa zida zonse zomwe timalumikiza ndi chida chatsopanozi kudzawonjezeka, koma mpaka mayeso oyamba atachitika sititha kudziwa ngati mafotokozedwe amtundu wa bulutufi amakwaniritsa zomwe amati .
Zida zonse zomwe zili ndi mtundu wakale wa bulutufi ndizogwirizana ndi mtundu watsopanowu wa Galaxy S8 ndi S8 +, kotero sitiyenera kukakamizidwa kuti tiwasinthe ndi kugula zatsopano. Chaka chonse, zida zatsopano za bulutufi ziyamba kufika pamsika zomwe zidzagwiritsenso ntchito mtundu uwu wa bulutufi, mtundu womwe sungagwirizane bwino ndi zida zakale, makamaka ngati tizingolankhula pazinthu zatsopano zomwe zitha kupezeka kwa ife.


text:
Malinga ndi zomwe zapezeka m'sitolo yaku China yaku China, IPhone 13 ikhoza kuyambitsidwa Lachisanu, Seputembara 17, ndi AirPods 3 milungu iwiri pambuyo pake, Lachinayi, Seputembara 30..
Kutsegulidwa kwa iPhone 13 kuli pafupi. M'mwezi wa Seputembala chiwonetsero chatsopano cha Apple smartphone chidzachitika, ndipo zikuyembekezeka kuti nthawi yomweyo tidzawona AirPods 3 yatsopano, komanso Apple Watch Series 7 ndikusintha kwamapangidwe. Palibe ngakhale tsiku la chiwonetserochi komabe, koma pakati pa masiku oyambitsa omwe awerengedwa ndi 17, tsiku lomwe tsopano lakhala likupezeka m'sitolo yaku China yaku China ndipo lasindikizidwa pa Weibo. Aka si koyamba kuti zidziwitso zamtunduwu ziziwonekeranso kuchokera ku gwero lomweli, ndipo sizinakhale zolondola kwambiri, chifukwa chake izi zimayenera kutengedwa momwe zilili, mphekesera.
Ma AirPod amafika patatha milungu iwiri kutengera komweko, Lachinayi pa 30. Mahedifoni atsopano okhala ndi kapangidwe kofanana kwambiri ndi AirPods Pro adzafika ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi apano, ngakhale kusintha kwa kudziyimira pawokha kumayembekezeredwa ndipo kukhalabe okayikira ngati atakhala ndi mapadi osinthika monga Pro kapena adzakhalabe otseguka ngati apano. Ngati masiku omasulirawa akwaniritsidwa, mwambowu uyenera kuchitika pa Seputembara 7, bola Apple ikadakhalabe yokhulupirika ku miyambo yake, kuti mayitanidwe agwe. Chiyembekezeredwa kukhala chochitika pa intaneti, monga zonse zomwe zakhala zikuchitika kuyambira pachiyambi cha mliri wa COVID-19.


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The khumi ndi zitatu ya iPhone sinaululidwe mpaka posachedwa, koma tamva kale zambiri za iPhone khumi ndi inayi, foni ya Apple yomwe idzatuluke kumapeto kwa zikwi ziwiri mphambu makumi awiri mphambu ziwiri, ndikutuluka komwe kumawulula kutanthauzira komwe kungachitike komanso mawonekedwe ake osadziwika telefoni.
Mwakutero, tili ndi chithunzi chowoneka modabwitsa cha momwe mzere wa iPhone 14 ungatenge; Ngakhale tili kutali kwambiri ndi kukhazikitsidwa, tikhoza kukhala osadabwitsa, popeza pali nthawi yambiri kuti zinthu zisinthe.
Tsopano, mupeza zonse zomwe tidamva pakadali pano, kuphatikiza zambiri za tsiku lomasulidwa ndi mtengo wake. Ndipo tikangomva zambiri za iPhone khumi ndi zinayi, tiziwonjezera pa nkhaniyi, onetsetsani kuti mubwereranso posachedwa, chifukwa kutayikaku kukuchitika kale modabwitsa mwachangu.
Zamkatimu
Bwerani pamfundo
- Ndi chiyani? Wolowa m'malo mwa iPhone 13 yatsopano
- Unatuluka nthawi yanji? Mwinanso Seputembara 2022
- Zikwana ndalama zingati? Mwinanso kuposa € mazana asanu ndi awiri mphambu makumi asanu ndi anayi mphambu asanu ndi anayi / € mazana asanu ndi awiri mphambu makumi asanu ndi awiri mphambu asanu ndi anayi / AU € 1349
Tsiku lomasulira ndi mtengo wa IPhone 14
Palibenso nkhani yonena za kukhazikitsidwa kwa iPhone khumi ndi zinayi, koma titha kukhala ndi lingaliro labwino, popeza Apple imakonda kulengeza mitundu yatsopano munthawi yomweyo chaka ndi chaka, nthawi zambiri pamisonkhano.
IPhone XNUMX idaperekedwa pa Seputembara XNUMX, zikwi ziwiri makumi awiri ndi chimodzi ndipo idzatumizidwa pa Seputembara XNUMX. Ngakhale kuti mwina sitiwona iPhone khumi ndi zinayi muzolemba zenizeni zikwi ziwiri ndi makumi awiri mphambu ziwiri, Apple imakonda kuyambitsa mitundu yatsopano Lachiwiri kapena lachiwiri Lachiwiri. m'mwezi wa Seputembala, zomwe zikadatanthauza kuti Seputembala XNUMX kapena XNUMX ya Seputembala chaka chotsatira.
Chifukwa chake, ambiri, amalamulidwa pasadakhale Lachisanu sabata imeneyo, ndiye kuti pa Seputembara XNUMX kapena XNUMX, ndipo amatumizidwa Lachisanu lotsatira, ndiye kuti, Seputembara XNUMX kapena XNUMX.
Nthawi zina Apple imalengeza mafoni Lachitatu loyamba kapena lachiwiri patsamba lake, koma zikuwoneka kuti ndizotheka masiku amenewo. Gulu la iPhone 12 linali losiyana ndi izi, lidafika mu Okutobala 2020, koma izi zidachitika chifukwa cha kuchedwetsa ndikupereka zovuta zomwe zidachitika chifukwa cha Covid-19.
Mitengo, palibenso nkhani, koma iPhone 13 imayamba pa € 799 / € 779 / AU € 1,349, chifukwa chake musadabwe ngati iPhone 14 ili ndi mtengo wofananira womwewo.
Mitengo itha kukhala yofanana ndi iPhone 13 (Chithunzi pangongole: Apple)
Kupanga ndi kuwonetsa
Nkhani zazikuluzikulu kwambiri za iPhone 14 zimachokera pachotupa chachikulu, kuphatikiza kutulutsa kosadziwika kwa iPhone 14 Pro Max.
Mutha kuwona m'munsimu, ndipo imaphatikizapo kamera yobowola m'malo mwa notch, yokhala ndi zida za Face ID mwina zomwe zili pansipa. Ilibe chotupa pakamera mwina, ndimalensi pafupifupi atagwa pamsana pawo, chinthu chomwe chikuwoneka kuti chikupangitsa foni kukhala yolimba.
Kumbuyo kuli galasi lowonekera pang'ono, mabatani ake ndi ozungulira, ndipo zikuwoneka kuti ali ndi mbali za titaniyamu, osati chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha iPhone 13 Pro Max. Muthanso kuwona kuti pakadali kamera ya mandala atatu ndi doko la Mphezi.
Mitundu yomwe yawonetsedwa pano siyovomerezeka (ngakhale gwero limanena kuti lawona mtundu wa golide wa rozi), ndipo ndikofunikanso kudziwa kuti kapangidwe kameneka kangogwiritsidwa ntchito pa mitundu ya Pro, ndi iPhone 14 (ndi iPhone 14 Max ngati pali chimodzi) mwina akadali ndi notch. Sizikudziwika bwinobwino kuti zina mwazomwe zingapangidwe pano zingakhale zotani.
(Ngongole yazithunzi: Jon Prosser / RendersByIan)
Zachidziwikire kuti titenga izi ndi mchere wambiri, makamaka chifukwa zimachokera kwa a Jon Prosser, omwe ali ndi mbiri yosakanikirana. Koma nthawi zambiri amakhala akunena zoona, ndipo tamva chimodzimodzi kuchokera ku gwero lina (Ross Young).
Achichepere amalankhula za chiwonetsero chachiwiri cha Face ID mu mzere wa iPhone 14 Pro kuyambira Juni 2021, koma sizikuwoneka ngati zotetezeka monga Prosser, ndikuwonjezera mu Seputembala kuti chiwonetsero chachiwiri cha Face ID chikugwirabe ntchito ndipo sichimaliza. ngakhale. zikuwoneka kuti ndizosavuta kukwaniritsa kuposa kamera yowonekera.
Achichepere amanenanso kuti iPhone 14 izikhala ndi chiwonetsero cha 6,06-inchi 1170 x 2532 OLED chokhala ndi mpumulo wa 60Hz ndi pixels 460 pa inchi iliyonse. IPhone 14 Pro mwachiwonekere idzakhala ndi ziwonetsero zofananira, koma ndi mulingo wosinthira wa 120Hz.
Chifukwa chake iPhone 14 Pro Max ikadakhala ndi chiwonetsero cha 1284-inchi 2778 x 6.68 OLED yokhala ndi 120Hz yotsitsimula ndi mapikseli a 458 pa inchi. Mwachiwonekere, padzakhalanso iPhone 14 Max (m'malo mwa mini) ndi zowonera zomwezo koma chiwongola dzanja cha 60Hz.
Kwina konse, tamva kuti mitundu ya Pro itha kugwiritsa ntchito aloyi ya titaniyamu pazithunzi zawo, zomwe zikufanana ndi zotulutsa pamwambapa. Itha kukhala yolimba kwambiri kuposa zinthu zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito pano, ndipo bukuli likunenanso kuti padzakhala iPhone 14 Max m'malo mwa iPhone 14 mini.
Kutulutsa kunatinso mitundu yonse inayi ya iPhone 14 itha kukhala ndi ziwonetsero za 120Hz, koma uku ndikutayikira kwakale kwambiri ndipo kumatsutsana ndi yapita, chifukwa izi sizikutitsimikizira.
Ndipo palinso patent yaukadaulo yomwe ingalimbikitse chinsalu cha iPhone, osachipangitsa kukhala cholimba. Kungakhale kuwonjezera kwabwino, koma ma patent nthawi zambiri amakhala opanda pake, choncho musayembekezere kuziwona.
Kamera ndi batri
Kumbali ya kamera, zomwe sizinachitike pamwambapa zikuwonetsa iPhone 14 Pro Max yokhala ndi kamera ya mandala atatu ndipo kwenikweni gwero lina limanenanso kuti foni iyi (limodzi ndi iPhone 14 Pro ndi iPhone 14 Max) ili ndi kamera ya mandala atatu. IPhone 14 mwachiwonekere idzagwirizana ndi zolinga ziwiri.
Chifukwa chake sizikuwoneka ngati kusintha kwakukulu kuchokera pamzera wa iPhone 13, ngakhale ma lens ndi ma specs amatha kusiyanasiyana.
M'malo mwake, Ming-Chi Kuo (katswiri wodziwa za Apple) adati iPhone 14 Pro ndi Pro Max aliyense adzakhala ndi kamera yayikulu ya 48MP, kuchokera ku 12MP pamitundu yapano. Zikuwoneka kuti izi zitha kujambula makanema a 8K.
IPhone 13 Pro (Chithunzi chazithunzi: Apple)
Palinso mphekesera kuti kamera ya periscope (yopanga mawonekedwe akutali) ikugwira ntchito, ndipo tidawona patent ikuthandizira izi. Komabe, magwero ambiri akuti ndikutali kwambiri, mwina pa iPhone 15 kapena mtsogolo.
Batri wanzeru, zikuwoneka kuti pangakhale kusintha kwina, pomwe gwero lina likuti lidzakhala lokulirapo muntsogolo zamtundu wina pomwe ena akuti mafoni azikhala okulirapo, omwe atha kupanga malo okulirapo.
Nthawi yakwana kulipiritsa, mutha kukhala mukugwiritsa ntchito charger ya MagSafe m'malo mwa doko la Lightning lokhazikitsidwa ndi patent, ngakhale matanthauzidwe osavomerezeka akuwonetsa doko la Lightning.
Mafotokozedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chinthu chimodzi chomwe tili otsimikiza ndichakuti mzere wa iPhone 14 udzakhala ndi chipset chatsopano, mwina chotchedwa A16 kapena A16 Bionic. Malinga ndi Ross Young, izi zitha kuchitika mu 4nm, kuwonetsa kuti zitha kukhala zolimbikitsa pa 15nm A5 Bionic kuchokera pa mzere wa iPhone 13.
Kupitilira apo, ena akukhulupirira kuti titha kuwona Touch ID pansi pa chiwonetserochi pa iPhone 14, ngakhale a Mark Gurman (wolemba leaker yemwe ali ndi mbiri yabwino kwambiri yazidziwitso kuchokera ku Apple) adati ngakhale Apple ikuyesa izi, kampaniyo tsopano ndiyonse . -modzi mu nkhope ID, kotero zikuwoneka ngati mwina sizingachitike, ndipo ngati zingatero, mwina zikhala zabwino ngati Face ID m'malo mwake.
Zomwe mzere wa iPhone 14 uphatikizira ndikuthandizira 5G, pomwe patent imodzi ikuwonetsa kuti itha kukhala ndi mtundu watsopano wa 3D Touch, womwe ungagwiritse ntchito mayankho mwachangu kuti kuyanjana kukhale kosavuta. Koma monga ndi chivomerezo chilichonse, sitimakhulupirira ichi.


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Zaka zopitilira 4 zapitazo, mu February 2016, tidawona Euribor yoyipa koyamba m'mbiri. Kwa iwo osadziwa, Euribor ndiye chiwongola dzanja chapakati pomwe mabanki akulu mdera la yuro amabwereketsa ndalama. Ndiye kuti, ngati chiwongola dzanja chili cholakwika, ndalama zomwe amapereka sizikhala zochepa kuposa zomwe zimaperekedwa poyamba. Kodi izi ndizopindulitsa? Ayi, zomveka zimatiuza kuti sitikapereka ndalama posinthana ndi zocheperako poyerekeza zomwe tidabwereka. Ndilo funso, momwe izi zidachitikira.
M'nkhaniyi tikambirana chifukwa chake Euribor ndiyabwino. Ubwino pakufunafuna kuyambiranso kwachuma, komanso momwe njira zosamveka izi zomwe zikutsutsana ndi zamakono ndizofunikira.
Zotsatira
Kuyang'ana pang'ono m'mbuyomu
Mavuto azachuma asanachitike Euribor idafika 5'393%, munali mu 2008. Pomwe chiwerengerochi chinafikiridwa, kuchepa kwachangu kwachangu kunayamba. Chaka chotsatira, mu 2009, titha kuwona Euribor pafupifupi 1%, idakwera pambuyo pake, koma mu 30 idagwa 2012% koyamba. Patatha zaka 1, mu 4, tidawona Euribor ili yoyipa koyamba. Opulumutsa ambiri amakumbukira zaka zimenezo. Anthu omwe ankagwiritsa ntchito phindu pazomwe adasunga m'mabanki, kwa nthawi yoyamba anali kupereka zopanda phindu (pafupifupi 2016%).
Mavuto onse azachuma omwe adakhudzidwa kwambiri ngozi ya Lehman Brothers itayenera kulipidwa. Mabanki apakati adayamba kupereka ndalama ndikubwereketsa kubanki mdera lawo. Ngongole zimayenera kuyenda, ndalama zimayenera kusuntha, ndipo makampani ndi mabanja amayenera kufunanso ndalama.
Ndani angaganize kuti Euribor yoyipa ikupitilira ndipo pazifukwa ziti?
Ndizokhudza chidwi chomwe amadziwika ndi European Central Bank pobwereketsa ndalama kubanki. Chimodzi mwazolinga, monga tanenera kale, ndikupeza ngongole ndi ndalama kuti ziziyenda, ndiye kuti, kulimbikitsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Kusungunuka kumeneku kumakonzedwa ndi cholinga chochulukitsa pang'onopang'ono. Ngakhale mfundo zakuti ndalama zakukweza kukwera kwamitengo zakhalapo kwazaka zambiri, sizinakwaniritsidwebe. Kugwa kwa zinthu zopanda mafuta monga mafuta kapena zinthu zina zakunja, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zochepa zomwe "zikutsitsa" mitengo, zimalepheretsa kukwera kwamitengo. Mwa njira yapakatikati, zitha kunenedwa kuti ndi zaumoyo, ndizokwera kwambiri pachuma. Momwemonso kukwera kwamitengo yoyipa, ndiye kuti, kusokonekera kwa zinthu, kulinso koipa pachuma.
Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwachuma, mabanja adayamba kupulumutsa zambiri, popeza chuma chimayamba kucheperachepera. Kuwonjezeka kwa kusowa kwa ntchito komanso kuvutika kupeza ngongole kunalimbikitsa mavutowo. Komabe, ngati mutayambitsanso chuma chomwe mudayenera kudya komanso zomwe anthu adachita ndikupulumutsa zambiri chifukwa anali pachuma, zidapanga bwalo loipa. Chodabwitsachi chidapangitsa kuti ndalama ziziyenda pang'ono, ndipo pachifukwa ichi adayamba kulimbikitsa kubwereka pochepetsa chiwongola dzanja, ndiye kuti, kutsitsa mtengo wobwereketsa ndalama. Pazifukwa izi, kuwonjezera chiwongola dzanja ndi chinthu chomwe, ngakhale chikuyembekezeredwa, sichingachitike. Zingafooketse kugwiritsa ntchito ngongole, chifukwa chake kugwiritsidwa ntchito kumatha kukhudzidwa.
Ubwino ndi Kuipa kwa Negative Euribor
Lingaliro lakulimbikitsa kumwa motengera malamulo andalama lili ndi nkhope ziwiri. Kumvetsetsa momwe Euribor yoyipa imakhudzira sikungokuthandizani kuti mumvetsetse momwe chuma chilili mu Eurozone, komanso ndalama zanu.
Ubwino wake ndi monga, avareji, kutha kupeza ngongole yanyumba pamtengo wotsika. Ngongole zanyumba zikakhala zotsika mtengo, nthawi zambiri zimawoneka kwambiri Euribor ikagwa, chifukwa ndizotheka kulipira zochepa, zomwe zimamasulira kusunga matumba. Kwa ngongole zanyumba zokhazikika, zomwe sizocheperako ndipo si zachilendo poganizira kuopa kulipira chiwongola dzanja chachikulu, kusinthasintha kwa Euribor sikuwonedwa kawirikawiri. Pokhala ndi kuthekera kokulirapo kopulumutsa, mabanja atha kukhala ndi zinthu zambiri zoti awagwiritse ntchito, zomwe zimalimbikitsa makampani. Mwanjira iyi, kuzungulira konseku kutsekedwa, ndipo kumatha kutipindulira tonse.
Zina mwazovuta zake makamaka ndikuti mtengo wamtengo wotsika, ndiye kuti, ndiye imakonda kugwiritsidwa ntchito povulaza ndalama. Njira zakomwe tikhazikitsire ndikuwonjezera capital zikucheperachepera. Euribor yoyipa ndi yankho kwakanthawi kochepa kapena kwapakatikati, koma osati kwanthawi yayitali.
Chodziwikiratu ndichakuti osunga ndalama ambiri amasankha kuyika ndalama zawo ndikugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zawo, ena mumsika wamsika, ena amapanga mabizinesi atsopano ... Sindikudziwa ngati uwu ndi mwayi kapena vuto, chifukwa kudziwa zambiri ndizochepa , nthawi zambiri sizikhala ndi zotsatira zabwino. Komabe, zimalimbikitsanso ndipo zaphunzitsa njira zabwino komanso zatsopano kwa anthu omwe sibwenzi atazifuna kale.
Chiyembekezo chamtsogolo cha Euribor
Mliri usanakhalepo, kuneneratu zamtsogolo sikungakhale kolondola nthawi zonse, koma zinali zowonekeratu kuposa momwe ziliri masiku ano. Malingaliro amakono azachuma ali ngati chuma, ndiye kuti, atasandulika. Ndikumangidwa kofala mu Marichi 2020, tidaona Euribor ikugunda bwino kwambiri, kotero kuti pasanathe mwezi umodzi idabwereranso (ikadali m'malo oyipa). M'miyezi yotsatira mpaka pano, ikupitilizabe kuchepa, koma pang'onopang'ono.
Zikuyembekezeka kuti chaka chino komanso chaka chamawa, Euribor ipitilize mdera loipa. Pafupifupi -0% ya 25 ndi -2020% ya 0. Komabe, zonsezi zitha kusinthidwa, kutengera zovuta zachuma za mliriwu, mayankho omwe amaperekedwa pazandale, komanso, momwe European Central Bank isankha kuthana ndi zochitika zosiyanasiyana zamtsogolo. Pamapeto pake, mphamvu yomaliza ndiulamuliro wosankha kukweza kapena kutsitsa Euribor ndi ECB.


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ku Be'er Sheva Israel malo ogulitsira pafupi ndi ine pafupi ndi ine wogulitsa fakitala wa ISO Standard Double-Pitch Roller Sprocket wopanga wabwino kwambiri Mtengo Wotsika mtengo wogulitsa
Jan 4, 2021 | Catalog Kampani
Kusonkhana kukumana kofunika pothandizana ndi makasitomala apadziko lonse lapansi, Pomwe mtundu wa EPG udalembetsedwa m'malo opitilira 70 apadziko lonse lapansi monga America, Europe, Japan ndi zina zotero, ili ndi zibwenzi pakati pamabizinesi apadziko lonse lapansi, monga JOHNDEERE, NEW HOLLAND, CLAAS, HONDA, KUBOTA, YANMAR, ndi zina zotero. Akatswiri athu ndi mainjiniya ali ndi nthawi yayitali yochita zambiri mu Makampani Ochitira Zinthu. XiHu (West EPT) Dis. , Zida zotsekera, ma EPT, migodi, zida za CNC ndi zina zotero. Tapereka ISO23, ISO9001, TS14001 mtundu wabwino komanso chizindikiritso chozungulira.
ISO StXiHu (West EPT) Dis.Hu (West EPT) Dis.rd EPTT-Pitch Big Roller Srpocket malangizo:
Kwa EPTs Acc. Ku DIN 8164
EPT yokhala ndi balck oXiHu (West EPT) Dis.de yankho lapamwamba
Kujambula pazitsulo za sprocket
Black oXiHu (West EPT) Dis.de iteteza zotuluka ku dzimbiri
C45 kapena Q235 chitsulo
Kulimbitsa thupi
EPTT NO: C2042 C208BL C2052 C2062 C2082 C2102 C2122 C2162
Gawo #: C2062H C2082H C2122H C2162H
Mano EPTtity: zisanu ndi ziwiri zisanu ndi ziwiri zisanu ndi zitatu 9 khumi khumi ndi chimodzi 12 13 14 khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi 17 18 19 20 21 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 makumi atatu 32 35 38 39 makumi anayi


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Kodi Baibulo Limafotokoza Zonse Zokhudza Yesu?
Mabuku ena amatsutsa zimene Baibulo limanena zoti anafera ku Gologota ndipo amati iye anapitirizabe kukhala ndi moyo. Kodi zimenezi n’zoona? Kodi n’zoona kuti anakwatira Mariya Mmagadala ndi kum’berekera ana? Kapena kodi ndi zoona kuti ankakonda kukhala moyo wodzimana kwambiri ndipo sankafuna kusangalala ndi moyo? Kodi n’zoona kuti iye ankaphunzitsa zinthu zosiyana ndi zimene timawerenga m’Baibulo?
CHINA chimene chapangitsa kuti mphekesera zimenezi zifale m’zaka zaposachedwapa ndi mafilimu ndi mabuku otchuka a nkhani zopeka amene amafalitsa mfundo zimenezi. Kuwonjezera pa zimenezi, palinso nkhani zambiri ndiponso mabuku ochuluka amene anthu alemba, ofotokoza zimene zili m’mabuku amene anthu ena anawonjezera pa mabuku a m’Baibulo. Mabuku owonjezerawa analembedwa m’zaka za m’ma 100 ndi 200 C.E. Mabuku amenewa amanena zinthu zina zokhudza Yesu zimene anthu ena amati zinachita kuchotsedwamo m’mabuku a Uthenga Wabwino a m’Baibulo. Kodi zimenezi n’zoona? Kodi tingadziwe bwanji kuti Baibulo limanena zinthu zonse komanso zoona zokhudza Yesu?
Kuti tiyankhe mafunso amenewa, tiyenera kuona mfundo zitatu izi: Choyamba, tiyenera kudziwa zinthu zofunika zokhudza anthu amene analemba mabuku a Uthenga Wabwino ndiponso nthawi imene anawalemba. Chachiwiri, tiyenera kudziwa amene anasankha m’ndandanda wa mabuku oyenera kukhala m’Baibulo komanso mmene anasankhira mabukuwo. Chachitatu, tiyenera kudziwa zina n’zina zokhudza mabuku owonjezera m’Baibulo ndiponso mmene nkhani za m’mabuku achinyengowa zimasiyanirana ndi za m’mabuku ovomerezeka a m’Baibulo. *
Kodi Malemba Achigiriki Achikhristu Analembedwa Liti, Nanga Analemba Ndani?
Malinga ndi umboni umene ulipo, buku la Uthenga Wabwino wa Mateyo linalembedwa kalekale cha m’ma 41 C.E. Apa n’kuti patangopita zaka 8 zokha Khristu atafa. Koma akatswiri ambiri a Baibulo amaona kuti buku la Mateyo linalembedwa chakachi chitadutsa kale, komabe pafupifupi akatswiri onse amavomereza kuti mabuku onse a Malemba Achigiriki Achikhristu analembedwa chaka cha 100 C.E. chisanafike.
Panthawi imeneyi, anthu amene anali ndi moyo m’nthawi ya Yesu, pa imfa yake ndiponso panthawi imene anaukitsidwa, anali akadalipo ndipo ankavomereza nkhani za m’mabuku a Uthenga Wabwino. Anthu ena akanati awonjezeremo mfundo zilizonse zabodza, iwo akanathanso kutsutsa. Komanso pulofesa F. F. Bruce ananena kuti: “Umboni wamphamvu kwambiri wosonyeza kuti uthenga wa atumwi unali woona ndi wakuti iwo sankakayikira kuti anthu amene ankawalalikirawo akudziwa zonse zimene zinachitika chifukwa ankawauza kuti, ‘Tinaona tokha zinthu zimenezi,’ ndipo ‘inunso mukudziwa’ (Machitidwe 2:22).”
Kodi Malemba Achigiriki Achikhristu analembedwa ndi ndani? Analembedwa ndi ena mwa atumwi 12 a Yesu. Atumwi amenewa ndiponso anthu ena amene analemba nawo Baibulo monga Yakobe, Yuda ndiponso mwina Maliko, analipo pa Pentekosite wa mu 33 C.E. pamene mpingo wachikhristu unkakhazikitsidwa. Anthu onsewa, kuphatikizapo Paulo, ankagwirizana kwambiri ndi bungwe lolamulira loyambirira la mpingo wachikhristu woyamba, limene linapangidwa ndi atumwi ndiponso akulu ku Yerusalemu.—Machitidwe 15:2, 6, 12-14, 22; Agalatiya 2:7-10.
Yesu analamula otsatira ake kuti apitirize ntchito yolalikira ndi kuphunzitsa imene iye anayambitsa. (Mateyo 28:19, 20) Iye anafika ponena kuti: “Iye amene amvera inu, amveranso ine.” (Luka 10:16) Komanso, iye analonjeza kuti mzimu woyera wa Mulungu, kapena kuti mphamvu yogwira ntchito, idzawathandiza kuti agwire ntchitoyo. Choncho, Akhristu oyambirira akalandira mabuku ochokera kwa atumwi ndiponso atumiki anzawo, omwe anali anthu oonekeratu kuti analandira mzimu woyera wa Mulungu, ankawakhulupirira kuti ndi olondola.
Olemba Baibulo ena anaikira umboni kuti anzawo ena analemba Baibulo mouziridwa ndi Mulungu. Mwachitsanzo, mtumwi Petulo anatchula makalata a Paulo ndipo ananena kuti anali ogwirizana “ndi Malemba ena onse.” (2 Petulo 3:15, 16) Nayenso mtumwi Paulo ankadziwa kuti atumwi ndiponso aneneri ena achikhristu anauziridwa ndi Mulungu.—Aefeso 3:5.
Choncho, m’mabuku a Uthenga Wabwino muli umboni wamphamvu wosonyeza kuti nkhani zake n’zosakayikitsa ndiponso n’zolondola. Nkhanizi sinthano kapena zongopeka. Zinalembedwa mosamala kwambiri ndi anthu amene anachita kuona zimene zinachitikazo ndipo anthu amene anauziridwa ndi mzimu woyera wa Mulungu.
Kodi Ndani Anasankha Mabuku Ovomerezeka a M’Baibulo?
Anthu ena olemba mabuku amati tchalitchi, molamuliridwa ndi Mfumu Constantine, ndi chimene chinasankha mabuku ovomerezeka a Malemba Achigiriki Achikhristu patatha zaka zambiri mabuku onse atalembedwa. Komabe, zimenezi si zoona.
Mwachitsanzo, onani zimene Pulofesa Oskar Skarsaune, yemwe ndi katswiri wambiri ya tchalitchi ananena. Iye anati: “Si tchalitchi kapena munthu mmodzi amene anasankha kuti mabuku ena akhale m’Chipangano Chatsopano ndipo ena asakhale . . . Mabukuwa sanasankhidwe mwachinsinsi koma anasankhidwa mwanzeru: Anthu ankakhulupirira kuti mabuku amene analembedwa ndi atumwi kapena atumiki anzawo a m’nthawi imeneyo, ndi amene anali ovomerezeka. Mabuku ena, makalata, kapena mabuku amene ena amati ndi a uthenga wabwino, amene analembedwa zaka zambiri zimenezi zitadutsa, sanaikidwe m’gulu la mabuku ovomerezekawa . . . Ndipo zimenezi zinachitika kale kwambiri Constantine asanabadwe ndiponso tchalitchi chake chisanayambe. Tchalitchi cha Akhristu okhulupirika amene ankazunzidwa ndiponso kuphedwa n’chimene chinatipatsa Chipangano Chatsopano.”
Komanso Ken Berding, yemwe ndi pulofesa wa Malemba Achigiriki Achikhristu, anatchula mfundo iyi ponena za mmene zinakhalira kuti mabuku ena akhale ovomerezeka: “Si tchalitchi chimene chinasankha mabuku ovomerezeka; koma chinangotenga mabuku amene Akhristu ankaona kuti ndi Mawu a Mulungu ovomerezeka.”
Komabe, Akhristu oyambirira sanasankhe okha mabukuwa kuti akhale ovomerezeka. Baibulo limatiuza kuti chinthu china champhamvu chinathandiza kwambiri pantchito imeneyi.
Malinga ndi Baibulo, imodzi mwa mphatso zozizwitsa imene mzimu unkapereka kwa Akhristu oyambirira inali “kuzindikira mawu ouziridwa.” (1 Akorinto 12:4, 10) Choncho, ena mwa Akhristu amenewo anapatsidwa mphamvu yoposa yachibadwa kuti athe kuzindikira mawu amene analidi ouziridwa ndi Mulungu ndiponso amene anali osauziridwa. Chotero Akhristu masiku ano sangakayikire ngakhale pang’ono kuti malemba a m’Baibulo ndi ouziridwa.
Apa n’zoonekeratu kuti mabuku ovomerezekawa anasankhidwa kale kwambiri mothandizidwa ndi mzimu woyera. Ndipo chakumapeto kwa zaka za m’ma 100 C.E., anthu ena olemba mabuku anaikira ndemanga kuti mabuku a m’Baibulo amenewa ndi ovomerezeka. Komabe anthu olemba mabuku amenewa si amene anasankha kuti mabuku ena akhale odalirika. Iwo anangotsimikizira zimene Mulungu anali atasankha kale kudzera mwa atumiki ake, omwe anawatsogolera ndi mzimu woyera.
Komanso pali mabuku akale kwambiri a m’Chigiriki choyambirira amene amapereka umboni wosatsutsika wosonyeza kuti mabuku ovomerezeka amene timagwiritsa ntchito masiku ano ndi olondola. Mabuku akalewa, omwe ndi a Malemba Achigiriki, alipo oposa 5,000 ndipo ena mwa mabuku amenewa analembedwa m’zaka za m’ma 100 C.E. ndi 200 C.E. Choncho mabuku ovomerezekawa, osati mabuku owonjezera, ndi amene ankaonedwa kuti ndi ouziridwa kuyambira m’nthawi ya atumwi ndipo anakopedwa n’kufalitsidwa m’madera ambiri.
Komabe, umboni wodalirika kwambiri wosonyeza kuti mabukuwa ndi olondola timaupeza m’mabuku omwewa. Mabukuwa ndi ogwirizana ndi “chitsanzo cha mawu opindulitsa” omwe timawapeza m’mabuku onse a m’Baibulo. (2 Timoteyo 1:13) Mabukuwa amalimbikitsa anthu kuti azikonda Yehova, azimulambira ndiponso azim’tumikira. Ndipo amachenjeza anthu kuti azipewa kukhulupirira mizimu ndiponso kulambira zinthu zolengedwa. Mabukuwa amanena zinthu molondola, mogwirizana ndi nthawi imene zinthuzo zinachitika ndiponso ali ndi ulosi wolondola. Komanso mabukuwa amalimbikitsa anthu kuti azikondana. M’mabuku a Malemba Achigiriki Achikhristu muli mfundo zapadera zimenezi. Nanga bwanji mabuku owonjezera, kodi nawonso amalimbikitsa mfundo zimenezi?
Kodi Mabuku Owonjezera Amasiyana Bwanji ndi Mabuku Ovomerezeka?
Mabuku owonjezera ndi osiyana kwambiri ndi mabuku ovomerezeka. Mabuku owonjezerawa anayamba kulembedwa cha m’ma 150 C.E., mabuku ovomerezeka atalembedwa kale. Zimene mabuku owonjezerawa amanena zokhudza Yesu ndiponso Chikhristu n’zosiyana kwambiri ndi zimene Malemba ouziridwa amanena.
Mwachitsanzo, buku lowonjezera lotchedwa Uthenga Wabwino wa Tomasi limanena zinthu zina zachilendo kwambiri zimene amati ananena ndi Yesu. Malinga ndi bukuli, iye anati adzasandutsa Mariya kukhala mwamuna n’cholinga choti adzalowe mu Ufumu wa kumwamba. Buku linanso la Uthenga Wabwino wa Tomasi limanena kuti Yesu ali mwana anali wodzikonda kwambiri ndipo anapha mwana wina wake. Mabuku owonjezera a Machitidwe a Paulo ndiponso Machitidwe a Petulo amaletsa anthu, ngakhale okwatirana, kuti asamagonane ndipo amasonyeza kuti atumwi ankalimbikitsa azimayi kuti asiye amuna awo. Buku la Uthenga Wabwino wa Yudasi limanena kuti nthawi ina Yesu anaseka atumwi ake chifukwa chopemphera kwa Mulungu kuti adalitse chakudya. Mfundo zimenezi n’zosagwirizana ndi zimene zili m’mabuku ovomerezeka a m’Baibulo.—Maliko 14:22; 1 Akorinto 7:3-5; Agalatiya 3:28; Aheberi 7:26.
M’mabuku ambiri owonjezera muli ziphunzitso za anthu ampatuko amene ankaphunzitsa kuti Mlengi wathu Yehova, ndi Mulungu woipa. Anthu ampatukowa ankakhulupiriranso kuti nkhani yokhudza kuuka kwa akufa ndi yophiphiritsa, chinthu chilichonse chooneka ndi maso n’choipa, ndiponso ankati Satana ndi amene anayambitsa mabanja ndiponso zoti anthu aziberekana.
Anthu ena amati mabuku ambiri owonjezerawa analembedwa ndi anthu otchulidwa m’Baibulo, koma zimenezi si zoona. Kodi pali anthu ena amene anachotsa mabuku owonjezerawa mobisa kuti asapezeke m’Baibulo? Katswiri wina wofufuza za mabuku owonjezerawa, dzina lake M. R. James, anati: “Palibe amene anachotsa mabukuwa m’Chipangano Chatsopano: Koma mabukuwo anadzichotsamo okha.”
Olemba Baibulo Anachenjeza Kuti Kudzabwera Anthu Ampatuko
M’mabuku ovomerezeka muli mawu ochenjeza kuti kudzabwera anthu ampatuko omwe adzasokoneza mpingo wa Chikhristu. Ndipotu mpatuko umenewu unali utayamba kale m’nthawi ya atumwi koma atumwiwo ndi amene anachititsa kuti mpatukowo usafakire. (Machitidwe 20:30; 2 Atesalonika 2:3, 6, 7; 1 Timoteyo 4:1-3; 2 Petulo 2:1; 1 Yohane 2:18, 19; 4:1-3) Mawu ochenjezawa amatithandiza kuzindikira kuti mabuku amene anayamba kulembedwa atumwi atamwalira anali osagwirizana ndi zimene Yesu ankaphunzitsa.
N’zoona kuti akatswiri ena amaphunziro komanso a mbiri yakale amaona kuti mabuku amenewa ndiofunika kuwalemekeza chifukwa ndi akale kwambiri. Koma taganizirani izi: Tiyerekezere kuti akatswiri amaphunziro alemba nkhani zochokera m’mabuku abodza, mwina zochokera m’magazini a nkhani zamiseche kapena m’mabuku a zipembedzo zolimbikitsa chiwawa, ndiyeno azisunga pamalo ena ake obisika. Patapita nthawi yaitali, kodi nkhani zimenezo zingasanduke zoona? Ngakhale patapita zaka 1,700, kodi nkhani zabodzazo zingasanduke zoona chifukwa choti papita nthawi yaitali?
Nkhanizo sizingasinthe n’kukhala zoona. N’chimodzimodzi ndi mfundo yoti Yesu anakwatira Mariya Mmagadala ndiponso nkhani zina zabodza zopezeka m’mabuku owonjezera. Ndiyeno, kodi pali chifukwa chilichonse chokhulupirira mabuku abodzawa, pomwe onena zoona alipo? Chilichonse chimene Mulungu akufuna kuti tidziwe chokhudza Mwana wake chilimo m’Baibulo, buku lomwe tiyenera kulidalira.
^ ndime 4 Pali mabuku 66 amene amadziwika kuti ndi mabuku a m’Baibulo ovomerezeka ndipo pali umboni wamphamvu wosonyeza kuti mabukuwa ndi ouziridwa ndi Mulungu komanso kuti ndi mbali yofunika kwambiri ya Mawu a Mulungu.


text:
አዶንያስ ለመንገሥ እንደ ፈለገ
1ንጉሥ ዳዊት እየሸመገለና ዕድሜው በጣም እየገፋ ሲሄድ፣ ልብስ ቢደራርቡለትም እንኳ ሊሞቀው አልቻለም። 2ስለዚህ አገልጋዮቹ፣ “ንጉሡን የምትንከባከብና የምታገለግል ወጣት ድንግል እንፈልግ፤ እርሷም ጌታችን ንጉሡ እንዲሞቀው በጐኑ ትተኛለች” አሉት።
3ከዚያም በመላው እስራኤል ቈንጆ ልጃገረድ ፈልገው ሱነማዊቷን አቢሳን አገኙ፤ ለንጉሡም አመጡለት። 4ልጃገረዲቱ እጅግ ቈንጆ ነበረች፤ ንጉሡንም ትንከባከበውና ታገለግለው ነበር፤ ንጉሡ ግን ከእርሷ ጋር ግንኙነት አልነበረውም።
5በዚህ ጊዜ ከአጊት የተወለደው አዶንያስ፣ “እነግሣለሁ” ብሎ ተነሣ፤ ስለዚህ ሠረገሎችንና1፥5 ወይም ሠረገለኞች ተብሎ ሊተረጐም ይችላል። ፈረሶችን እንዲሁም ከፊት ከፊቱ የሚሄዱ አምሳ ሰዎችን አዘጋጀ። 6አባቱም፣ “ለምን እንዲህ ታደርጋለህ?” ብሎ ገሥጾት አያውቅም ነበር፤ አዶንያስም እጅግ መልከ መልካምና የአቤሴሎም ታናሽ ወንድም ነበር።
7አዶንያስ ከጽሩያ ልጅ ከኢዮአብና ከካህኑ ከአብያታር ጋር ተመካከረ፤ እነርሱም ድጋፋቸውን ሰጡት። 8ነገር ግን ካህኑ ሳዶቅ፣ የዮዳሄ ልጅ በናያስ፣ ነቢዩ ናታን፣ ሳሚ፣ ሬሲና1፥8 ወይም እና ጓደኞቹ ተብሎ ሊተረጐም ይችላል። የዳዊት የክብር ዘበኞች ከአዶንያስ ጋር አልተባበሩም።
9ከዚያም አዶንያስ በዓይንሮጌል አቅራቢያ ባለው የዞሔልት ድንጋይ አጠገብ በጎችን፣ በሬዎችንና የሰቡ ጥጆችን ሠዋ፤ ወንድሞቹን ሁሉ፣ የንጉሡን ልጆች እንዲሁም የቤተ መንግሥቱ ሹማምት የነበሩትን የይሁዳ ሰዎች ሁሉ ጠራ፤ 10ይሁን እንጂ ነቢዩ ናታንንም ሆነ በናያስን፣ የክብር ዘበኞቹንም ሆነ ወንድሙን ሰሎሞንን አልጠራም።
11ከዚያም ናታን የሰሎሞንን እናት ቤርሳቤህን እንዲህ አላት፤ “ጌታችን ዳዊት ሳያውቅ የአጊት ልጅ አዶንያስ መንገሡን አልሰማሽምን? 12አሁንም የራስሽንና የልጅሽን የሰሎሞንን ሕይወት እንዴት ማዳን እንደምትችዪ ልምከርሽ፤ 13ወደ ንጉሥ ዳዊት ሂጂና፣ ‘ጌታዬ ንጉሥ ሆይ፤ ልጅሽ ሰሎሞን ከእኔ ቀጥሎ ይነግሣል፤ በዙፋኔም ይቀመጣል’ ብለህ ‘ለእኔ ለአገልጋይህ አልማልህልኝም ነበር? ታዲያ አዶንያስ የነገሠው ስለምንድን ነው?’ በዪው፤ 14አንቺ እዚያው ሆነሽ ይህን በምትነግሪው ጊዜ እኔ እገባና ያልሽው ትክክል መሆኑን አረጋግጣለሁ።”
15ስለዚህ ቤርሳቤህ፣ ሱነማዊቷ አቢሳ በምታገለግልበት ክፍል እርጅና የተጫጫነውን ንጉሥ ለማነጋገር ሄደች። 16ቤርሳቤህም ለጥ ብላ እጅ ከነሣች በኋላ እፊቱ በጒልበቷ ተንበረከከች።
ንጉሡም፣ “ምን ትፈልጊያለሽ?” ሲል ጠየቃት።
17እርሷም እንዲህ አለችው፣ “ጌታዬ ሆይ፤ ‘ልጅሽ ሰሎሞን ከእኔ ቀጥሎ ይነግሣል፤ በዙፋኔም ይቀመጣል’ ብለህ አንተው ራስህ ለአገልጋይህ በአምላክህ በእግዚአብሔር ምለህልኝ ነበር። 18እነሆ፤ አሁንም አዶንያስ ነግሦአል፤ ንጉሥ ጌታዬ አንተ ግን ስለዚህ ነገር አታውቅም። 19እርሱ በሬዎችን፣ ኮርማዎችንና በጎችን በብዛት ሠውቶአል፤ የንጉሡን ልጆች በሙሉ፣ ካህኑን አብያታርንና የሰራዊቱን አዛዥ ኢዮአብን ጠርቶአል፤ አገልጋይህን ሰሎሞንን ግን አልጠራውም። 20ጌታዬ ንጉሥ ሆይ፤ ከአንተ ቀጥሎ በጌታዬ በንጉሡ ዙፋን ላይ ማን መቀመጥ እንዳለበት እንድታሳውቀው የእስራኤል ዐይን ሁሉ አንተን ይመለከታል። 21ያለበለዚያ ግን ንጉሥ ጌታዬ ከአባቶቹ ጋር በሚያንቀላፋበት ጊዜ እኔና ልጄ ሰሎሞን እንደ ወንጀለኞች እንቈጠራለን።”
22እርሷ ከንጉሡ ጋር በመነጋገር ላይ ሳለች ነቢዩ ናታን ገባ። 23ለንጉሡም፣ “ነቢዩ ናታን መጥቶአል” ብለው ነገሩት፤ እርሱም ንጉሡ ፊት ቀርቦ ለጥ ብሎ እጅ ነሣ።
24ናታንም እንዲህ አለው፤ “ጌታዬ ንጉሥ ሆይ፤ ለመሆኑ አዶንያስ ከአንተ ቀጥሎ እንደሚነግሥ፣ በዙፋንህም እንደሚቀመጥ አስታውቀሃልን? 25በዛሬው ቀን ታች ወርዶ ብዙ በሬዎች፣ ኮርማዎችና በጎች ሠውቶአል፤ የንጉሡን ልጆች በሙሉ፣ የሰራዊቱን አዛዦችና ካህኑን አብያታርንም ጠርቶአል፤ እነሆ፤ አሁን፣ ‘አዶንያስ ለዘላለም ይኑር’ እያሉ ከእርሱ ጋር በመብላትና በመጠጣት ላይ ናቸው። 26ነገር ግን እኔን አገልጋይህን፣ ካህኑን ሳዶቅን፣ የዮዳሄን ልጅ በናያስንና አገልጋይህን ሰሎሞንን አልጠራም፤ 27ታዲያ ከእርሱ ቀጥሎ በንጉሥ ጌታዬ ዙፋን ላይ የሚቀመጠውን አገልጋዮቹን ሳያሳውቅ ይህ እንዲሆን ንጉሡ ፈቅዶአልን?”
ዳዊት ሰሎሞን እንዲነግሥ አደረገ
1፥28-53 ተጓ ምብ – 1ዜና 29፥21-25
28ከዚያም ንጉሥ ዳዊት፣ “ቤርሳቤህን ጥሩልኝ” አለ፤ እርሷም ንጉሡ ወዳለበት ገብታ በፊቱ ቆመች።
29ከዚያም ንጉሡ እንዲህ ሲል ማለ፤ “ነፍሴን ከመከራ ሁሉ ያዳናት ሕያው እግዚአብሔርን! 30‘ልጅሽ ሰሎሞን ከእኔ ቀጥሎ ይነግሣል፤ በእኔም ምትክ በዙፋኔ ይቀመጣል’ ብዬ በእስራኤል አምላክ በእግዚአብሔር የማልሁልሽን ዛሬ በእውነት እፈጽማለሁ።”
31ቤርሳቤህም ለጥ ብላ እጅ ከነሣች በኋላ፣ በንጉሡ ፊት ተንበርክካ፣ “ጌታዬ ንጉሥ ዳዊት ለዘላለም ይኑር!” አለች።
32ንጉሥ ዳዊትም፣ “ካህኑን ሳዶቅን፣ ነቢዩን ናታንንና የዮዳሄን ልጅ በናያስን ጥሩልኝ” አለ። እነርሱም ንጉሡ ፊት በቀረቡ ጊዜ፣ 33እንዲህ አላቸው፤ “የጌታችሁን አገልጋዮች ይዛችሁ በመሄድ ልጄን ሰሎሞንን በራሴ በቅሎ ላይ አስቀምጡት፤ ወደ ግዮንም ይዛችሁት ውረዱ። 34በዚያም ካህኑ ሳዶቅና ነቢዩ ናታን ቀብተው በእስራኤል ላይ ያንግሡት፤ ቀንደ መለከት ነፍታችሁም፣ ‘ንጉሥ ሰሎሞን ለዘላለም ይኑር!’ ብላችሁ ጩኹ። 35አጅባችሁት ወደ ላይ ውጡ፤ ከዚያም መጥቶ በዙፋኔ ላይ ይቀመጥ፤ በእኔም ምትክ ይግዛ፤ በእስራኤልና በይሁዳ ላይ ሾሜዋለሁ።”
36የዮዳሄ ልጅ በናያስም ለንጉሡ እንዲህ ሲል መለሰ፤ “አሜን! የጌታዬ የንጉሡ አምላክ እግዚአብሔር ይህንኑ ያጽናው። 37እግዚአብሔር ከጌታዬ ከንጉሡ ጋር እንደ ነበረ ሁሉ፣ ከሰሎሞንም ጋር ይሁን፤ ዙፋኑንም ከጌታዬ ከንጉሥ ዳዊት ዙፋን የበለጠ ያድርገው።”
38ስለዚህ ካህኑ ሳዶቅ፣ ነቢዩ ናታን፣ የዮዳሄ ልጅ በናያስ፣ ከሊታውያንና ፈሊታውያን ወርደው ሰሎሞንን በንጉሥ ዳዊት በቅሎ አስቀምጠው በማጀብ ወደ ግዮን አመጡት። 39ካህኑ ሳዶቅም የዘይቱን ቀንድ ከመገናኛው ድንኳን ወስዶ ሰሎሞንን ቀባው፤ ከዚያም ቀንደ መለከቱን ነፋ፤ ሕዝቡም በሙሉ፣ “ንጉሥ ሰሎሞን ለዘላለም ይኑር!” በማለት ዳር እስከ ዳር አስተጋቡ። 40ሕዝቡ ሁሉ እንቢልታ እየነፋና እጅግ እየተደሰተ አጀበው፤ ከድምፁ የተነሣም ምድሪቱ ተናወጠች።
41አዶንያስና የተጠሩት እንግዶች ሁሉ ግብዣውን በማገባደድ ላይ ሳሉ፣ ይህንኑ ሰሙ፤ ኢዮአብም የመለከቱን ድምፅ ሲሰማ፣ “ይህ በከተማዪቱ ውስጥ የሚሰማው ድምፅ ምንድን ነው?” ሲል ጠየቀ።
42ኢዮአብ ገና ተናግሮ ሳይጨርስ፣ የካህኑ የአብያታር ልጅ ዮናታን ደረሰ፤ አዶንያስም፣ “እንዳንተ ያለ ታማኝ ሰው መልካም ዜና ሳይዝ አይመጣምና ግባ” አለው።
43ዮናታንም እንዲህ ሲል መለሰ፣ “ነገሩ ከቶ እንዲህ አይደለም! ጌታችን ንጉሥ ዳዊት ሰሎሞንን አንግሦታል። 44ንጉሡ ካህኑ ሳዶቅ፣ ነቢዩ ናታን፣ የዮዳሄ ልጅ በናያስ፣ ከሊታውያንና ፈሊታውያን አብረውት እንዲሄዱ አድርጎአል፤ እነርሱም በንጉሡ በቅሎ አስቀመጡት። 45ካህኑ ሳዶቅና ነቢዩ ናታን በግዮን ቀብተው አንግሠውታል። ከዚያም ደስ ብሎአቸው ወጥተዋል፤ ከተማዪቱም ይህንኑ አስተጋብታለች፤ እንግዲህ የሰማችሁት ድምፅ ይኸው ነው። 46ከዚህም ሌላ ሰሎሞን በመንግሥቱ ዙፋን ላይ ተቀምጦአል። 47የመንግሥቱ ሹማምትም ወደ ጌታችን ወደ ንጉሥ ዳዊት መጥተው፣ ‘አምላክህ የሰሎሞንን ስም ከአንተ ስም የላቀ፣ ዙፋኑንም ከአንተ ዙፋን የበለጠ ያድርገው’ በማለት መልካም ምኞታቸውን ገልጸውለታል። ንጉሡም ዐልጋው ላይ ሆኖ በመስገድ፣ 48‘ዛሬ በዙፋኔ ላይ የሚቀመጠውን ወራሽ ዐይኔ እንዲያይ የፈቀደ፣ የእስራኤል አምላክ እግዚአብሔር፣ ምስጋና ይድረሰው’ አለ።”
49በዚህም አዶንያስና የጠራቸው እንግዶች በሙሉ ደንግጠው ተነሡ፤ በየአቅጣጫውም ተበታተኑ። 50አዶንያስ ግን ሰሎሞንን በመፍራት ሄዶ፣ የመሠዊያውን ቀንድ ያዘ። 51ከዚያም፣ ለሰሎሞን፣ “አዶንያስ እነሆ፣ ንጉሥ ሰሎሞንን በመፍራት የመሠዊያውን ቀንድ ይዞ ተማጥኖአል፤ እርሱም፣ ‘ባሪያውን በሰይፍ እንዳይገድለው ንጉሡ ሰሎሞን ዛሬውኑ ይማልልኝ’ ብሎአል” ብለው ነገሩት።
52ሰሎሞንም፣ “አካሄዱን ካሳመረ ከራስ ጠጒሩ አንዲቱ እንኳ መሬት ላይ አትወድቅም፤ ጥፋት ከተገኘበት ግን ይሞታል” ሲል መለሰ። 53ከዚያም ንጉሥ ሰሎሞን ሰዎች ልኮ ከመሠዊያው ላይ አወረዱት። አዶንያስም መጥቶ ለንጉሥ ሰሎሞን አጐንብሶ እጅ ነሣ፤ ሰሎሞንም፣ “በል ወደ ቤትህ ሂድ” አለው።
Adoniya Adziyika Kukhala Mfumu
1Mfumu Davide atakalamba sankamva kufunda ngakhale akamufunditsa mabulangeti. 2Choncho nduna zake zinamuwuza kuti, “Tiloleni tifune namwali woti azikhala nanu ndi kumakusamalirani. Namwaliyo azigona pafupi nanu kuti mbuye wathu mfumu muzimva kufundira.”
3Kotero anafunafuna mʼdziko lonse la Israeli mtsikana wokongola ndipo anapeza Abisagi wa ku Sunemu, nabwera naye kwa mfumu. 4Mtsikanayo anali wokongola kwambiri ndipo ankasamalira mfumu ndi kumayitumikira, koma mfumuyo sinakhale naye malo amodzi.
5Nthawi imeneyi Adoniya, mwana wa Hagiti, anayamba kudzitukumula ndipo anati, “Ndidzakhala mfumu ndine.” Choncho anadzikonzera galeta ndi akavalo, pamodzi ndi anthu 50 woti azithamanga patsogolo pake. 6(Abambo ake sanalowererepo nʼkamodzi komwe ndipo sanafunsepo kuti, “Nʼchifukwa chiyani ukuchita zimenezi?” Adoniyayo anali wokongola kwambiri ndipo anali wopondana ndi Abisalomu).
7Adoniya anagwirizana ndi Yowabu mwana wa Zeruya ndiponso Abiatara wansembe, ndipo iwowa anamuthandiza. 8Koma Zadoki wansembe, Benaya mwana wa Yehoyada, mneneri Natani, Simei ndi Rei ndiponso asilikali amphamvu a Davide sanamutsate Adoniya uja.
9Kenaka Adoniya anapereka nsembe za nkhosa ndi ngʼombe ndiponso ana angʼombe onenepa ku Mwala wa Zohereti kufupi ndi Eni Rogeli. Iye anayitana abale ake onse, ana aamuna a mfumu ndiponso akuluakulu onse a ku Yuda, 10koma sanayitane mneneri Natani kapena Benaya kapenanso asilikali amphamvu a Davide ngakhalenso mʼbale wake Solomoni.
11Pamenepo Natani anafunsa Batiseba, amayi ake a Solomoni, kuti, “Kodi simunamve kuti Adoniya, mwana wa Hagiti, walowa ufumu popanda Davide mbuye wathu kudziwa? 12Tsopano ine ndikulangizeni inu mmene mungapulumutsire moyo wanu ndi moyo wa mwana wanu Solomoni. 13Pitani msanga kwa Mfumu Davide ndipo mukanene kuti, ‘Mbuye wanga mfumu, kodi simunalumbire kwa ine mdzakazi wanu kuti, ‘Ndithu mwana wako Solomoni ndiye adzakhale mfumu mʼmalo mwanga, ndipo adzakhala pa mpando wanga waufumu?’ Nanga nʼchifukwa chiyani Adoniya walowa ufumu?’ 14Pamene inu muzikayankhula ndi mfumu, ine ndidzalowa ndi kuchitira umboni mawu anuwo.”
15Choncho Batiseba anapita nakalowa ku chipinda kukaonana ndi mfumu imene inali itakalamba kwambiri, kumene Abisagi wa ku Sunemu uja ankayisamalira. 16Batiseba anagwada nalambira mfumu.
Mfumu inamufunsa kuti, “Kodi nʼchiyani chimene ukufuna?”
17Iye anayankha kuti, “Mbuye wanga, inu mwini munalumbira kwa ine mdzakazi wanu mʼdzina la Yehova Mulungu wanu kuti, ‘Solomoni mwana wako ndiye adzakhale mfumu mʼmalo mwa ine, ndipo adzakhala pa mpando wanga waufumu.’ 18Koma tsopano Adoniya ndiye walowa ufumu, ndipo inu mbuye wanga mfumu, simukuzidziwa zimenezi. 19Ndipo wapereka nsembe ngʼombe zambiri, ana angʼombe onenepa ndi nkhosa ndi mbuzi ndipo wayitana ana anu onse, wansembe Abiatara ndiponso Yowabu mkulu wa ankhondo, koma sanayitane kapolo wanu Solomoni. 20Mbuye wanga mfumu, maso a Aisraeli onse ali pa inu, kuti adziwe kuchokera kwa inu amene adzakhala pa mpando waufumu wa mbuye wanga mʼmalo mwanu. 21Mukapanda kutero, mbuye wanga, mukadzangotisiya nʼkulondola kumene kunapita makolo anu, ine pamodzi ndi mwana wangayu Solomoni adzatiyesa owukira.”
22Pamene Batiseba amayankhula ndi mfumu, mneneri Natani analowa. 23Ndipo anthu anawuza mfumu kuti, “Kwabwera mneneri Natani.” Kotero iye anafika pamaso pa mfumu ndipo anawerama nagunditsa nkhope yake pansi.
24Natani anafunsa kuti, “Mbuye wanga mfumu, kodi mwalengeza kuti Adoniya adzakhala mfumu mʼmalo mwanu, ndi kuti adzakhala pa mpando wanu waufumu? 25Lero lomwe lino wakapereka nsembe ngʼombe zambiri, ana angʼombe onenepa ndiponso nkhosa ndi mbuzi. Iye wayitana ana anu onse, atsogoleri a nkhondo, ndiponso wansembe Abiatara. Panopa onsewa akudya ndi kumwa naye ndipo akunena kuti, ‘Akhale ndi moyo wautali mfumu Adoniya!’ 26Koma ine kapolo wanu, wansembe Zadoki ndi Benaya mwana wa Yehoyada, ndiponso kapolo wanu Solomoni sanatiyitane. 27Kodi zimenezi mbuye wanga mfumu mwazichita ndinu, osawawuza atumiki anu kuti adziwe amene adzakhale pa mpando waufumu mʼmalo mwanu?”
Davide Alonga Ufumu Solomoni
28Pamenepo mfumu Davide anati, “Muyitaneni Batiseba.” Kotero Batiseba analowa ndipo anayimirira pamaso pa mfumu.
29Tsono mfumu inalumbira kuti, “Pali Yehova wamoyo, amene anandipulumutsa ine ku mavuto onse, 30ndithu ine lero ndichita zonse zimene ndinalumbira kwa Yehova Mulungu wa Israeli kuti, mwana wako Solomoni adzakhala mfumu mʼmalo mwanga ndipo adzakhala pa mpando wanga waufumu.”
31Pamenepo Batiseba anawerama, nagunditsa mutu wake pansi nalambira mfumu, ndipo anati, “Mbuye wanga Mfumu Davide mukhale ndi moyo wautali!”
32Mfumu Davide anati, “Ndiyitanireni wansembe Zadoki, mneneri Natani ndi Benaya mwana wa Yehoyada.” Atafika pamaso pa mfumu, 33mfumuyo inati kwa iwo, “Tengani atumiki anga ndipo mukweze mwana wanga Solomoni pa bulu wanga ndipo mupite naye ku Gihoni. Mukalize lipenga ndi kufuwula kuti, ‘Akhale ndi moyo wautali mfumu Solomoni!’ 34Kumeneko Zadoki wansembe ndi mneneri Natani akamudzoze kuti akhale mfumu ya Israeli. Kenaka mukalize lipenga ndi kumanena kuti ‘Akhale ndi moyo wautali Mfumu Solomoni.’ 35Ndipo pobwera muzikamutsata pambuyo. Iyeyo akabwere kuno ndi kudzakhala pa mpando wanga waufumu ndi kudzalamulira mʼmalo mwanga. Ndamusankha kukhala wolamulira Israeli ndi Yuda.”
36Benaya mwana wa Yehoyada anayankha mfumu kuti, “Ameni! Yehova Mulungu wa mbuye wanga mfumu akhazikitse kuti zichitike motero. 37Monga momwe Yehova wakhalira ndi inu mbuye wanga mfumu, momwemonso akhale ndi Solomoni ndi kukhazikitsa ufumu wake kuti ukhale waukulu kuposa ufumu wa mbuye wanga Mfumu Davide!”
38Kotero Zadoki wansembe, mneneri Natani, Benaya mwana wa Yehoyada, Akereti ndiponso Apeleti, anthu oteteza mfumu, anapita kukamukweza Solomoni pa bulu wa Mfumu Davide ndi kupita naye ku Gihoni. 39Wansembe Zadoki anatenga nyanga ya mafuta yochokera ku malo opatulika ndi kumudzoza Solomoni. Kenaka analiza lipenga ndipo anthu onse anafuwula kuti, “Akhale ndi moyo wautali Mfumu Solomoni!” 40Ndipo anthu onsewo anapita namutsatira pambuyo akuyimba zitoliro ndi kukondwerera kwambiri, kotero nthaka inagwedezeka chifukwa cha phokoso lawo.
41Adoniya pamodzi ndi anthu onse oyitanidwa amene anali naye anamva zimenezi pamene ankamaliza madyerero awo. Atamva kulira kwa malipenga, Yowabu anafunsa kuti, “Kodi phokoso lonselo mu mzindamo likutanthauza chiyani?”
42Iye akuyankhula, Yonatani mwana wa wansembe Abiatara anafika. Adoniya anati, “Lowa. Munthu wabwino ngati iwe ayenera kubweretsa nkhani yabwino.”
43Yonatani anayankha Adoniya kuti, “Ayi ndithu, zinthu sizili bwino! Mbuye wathu Mfumu Davide walonga Solomoni ufumu. 44Mfumu yatuma Zadoki wansembe, mneneri Natani, Benaya mwana wa Yehoyada, Akereti ndi Apeleti ku Gihoni ndipo iwo amukweza pa bulu wa mfumu, 45ndipo Zadoki wansembe ndi mneneri Natani adzoza Solomoni ku Gihoni kuti akhale mfumu. Ndipo kuchokera kumeneko akhala akululutira, kotero kuti mu mzinda monse muli phokoso lokhalokha. Ndiyetu phokoso limene mukulimvalo. 46Ndipo Solomoni wakhala kale pa mpando wake waufumu. 47Kuwonjezera pamenepo, nduna za mfumu zabwera kale kudzayamika mbuye wathu Mfumu Davide, pomanena kuti, ‘Mulungu wanu atchukitse dzina la Solomoni kuposa dzina lanu ndipo ufumu wake ukule kupambana ufumu wanu!’ Ndipo mfumu inawerama niyamba kupembedza pa bedi lake, 48inati, ‘Atamandike Yehova, Mulungu wa Israeli, amene wasankha wolowa mʼmalo mwanga ine ndikanali ndi moyo lero lino.’ ”
49Anthu onse amene Adoniya anawayitana ananjenjemera ndi mantha, ndipo anayimirira, kenaka anamwazikana. 50Koma Adoniya, poopa Solomoni, anapita ku Nyumba ya Mulungu nakagwira msonga za guwa lansembe. 51Tsono Solomoni anawuzidwa kuti, “Adoniya akukuopani inu Mfumu Solomoni ndipo wagwira msonga za guwa lansembe. Iye akuti, ‘Mfumu Solomoni alumbire kuti sadzapha kapolo wake ndi lupanga.’ ”
52Solomoni anayankha kuti, “Ngati iyeyo aonetse kuti ndi munthu wakhalidwe labwino, ngakhale tsitsi la mʼmutu mwake silidzathothoka ndi kugwera pansi, koma akapezeka kuti ali ndi khalidwe loyipa, adzafa ndithu.” 53Pamenepo Mfumu Solomoni inatuma anthu ndipo anakamutenga paguwa paja. Adoniya anabwera ndi kudzalambira Mfumu Solomoni, ndipo Solomoni anati, “Pita ku nyumba yako.”


text:
CHITH Ndi chipatso cha nyengo, chotsekemera komanso chokoma, chomwe timatha kupanga mbale zopanda malire, monga nthawi ino, yomwe tikuphunzitseni kupanga mankhwala. Chakudya chodyera chomwe ana anu azikonda ndipo ndichabwino kupanga Khrisimasi iyi.
Zosakaniza: 400 magalamu a nkhuyu, magalamu 400 a shuga ndi madzi a mandimu amodzi.
Kukonzekera: Lolani nkhuyu ziziyenda mu poto ndi shuga ndi madzi a mandimu kwa maola osachepera asanu ndi limodzi, kenako zimayikidwa pamoto wochepa kwambiri, kuti madziwo apange, kwa ola limodzi.
Ndipo tili nawo okonzeka, atha kutsagana ndi chilichonse ndipo ngati mukufuna kuwasunga, muziwayika mumtsuko wagalasi, akadatentha.
Kupita: Maphikidwe a m'mawere
Chithunzi: Facebook


text:
Zotsatira
Zosakaniza
- Maapulo angapo akulu akulu (500 gr. Za zamkati)
- Madzi a mandimu
- Njira ya 1
- 200 gr. mkaka wokhazikika
- 200 ml ya. kukwapula kirimu
- Supuni 2 za shuga wothira
-
- Njira ya 2
- 400 ml ya. mkaka wosanduka nthunzi
- 150 gr. shuga
Mwa zipatso za nthawi yophukira, timapeza pamsika ndi maswiti oyang'anira maapulo. Chipatso chotentha ichi ndi chokoma mwachilengedwe, ngakhale kuti mwina chimakhala chovuta komanso chowopsa kwa ana, chifukwa cha mbewu. Sikukuzizira nthawi yophukira ndipo titha kupitiliza kukhala ndi ayisikilimu. Zachidziwikire ndi mcherewu anawo amasangalala ndi kununkhira bwino kwa zipatso za custard.
Kukonzekera
- Timasenda apulo wa custard ndikuchotsa mafupa onse, ndikusiya zamkati zokha. Timathira madzi a mandimu kuti asadetse.
- Ngati tasankha zosakaniza zosankha 1, timaphwanya zamkati ndi mkaka wokhazikika mpaka tipeze kirimu wofanana. Kenako, timakwapula kirimu wozizira kwambiri ndi shuga woziziritsa pogwiritsa ntchito whisk. Kenako, timasakaniza zonona ndi zonunkhira za mkaka ndi apulo wa custard ndikuphimba.
- Ngati tikufuna kupanga ayisikilimu ndi njira yachiwiri, tiyenera kusiya mkaka kumtunda kwa furiji kwa maola 2 tisanakonze zophika. Timayamba ndi ayisikilimu, kumenyetsa mkaka wachisanu ndi mipiringidzo mpaka itakhuthala, ndikuwonjezera shuga ngati mvula. Kenako timasakaniza ndi custard apulo zamkati.
- Ngati tilibe firiji yamagetsi, timayika zosakanizazo mufiriji ndikuzitulutsa ola lililonse kuti tizimenya ndi ndodo pamanja kuti tiphwanye makhiristo omwe angapange, mpaka titawona kuti apeza ayisikilimu.
Kongoletsani ndi ma pistachios ochepa.


text:
Chifukwa chiyani ntchito @ Delta Application Technics
Chifukwa chiyani muyenera kugwira ntchito ku Delta Application Technics?
Delta Application Technics ndi kampani yomwe ikukula ndi gulu laling'ono, lolimbikitsidwa. Ndife kampani yatsopano yomwe imalimbikitsa ogwira ntchito kuti azitha kuganiza zakutsogolo, malingaliro abodza, etc. Ogwira ntchito amalimbikitsidwa kuphunzira ndikukula pantchito yawo yonse ku Delta Application Technics. Makina opanga dosing amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana. Tithokoze chikhalidwe chathu, kuyendetsa ndi luso la wogwira ntchito aliyense payekha, tili pabwino pokwaniritsa zofunikira za makasitomala athu.
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Ngati mukufuna ntchito iliyonse yomwe ili pamwambapa, chonde tumizani ku CV yanu [imelo ndiotetezedwa]
Chonde pezani pansipa mndandanda wa ntchito zathu zabwino kwambiri.
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- Wogulitsa Ntchito Zamakampani
- Katswiri Wopanga Ma Vision
Ngati mukufuna ntchito iliyonse yomwe ili pamwambapa, chonde tumizani ku CV yanu [imelo ndiotetezedwa]
Pakadali pano Delta Engineering ilibe ntchito yabwino kwambiri.


text:
Zotsatira
Zosakaniza
- Kwa anthu 4
- Zingwe zazikulu za hake 3
- 1 anyezi yaying'ono
- Supuni 1 ya parsley, yodulidwa bwino
- Dzira la 1
- Supuni 2 za zinyenyeswazi
- chi- lengedwe
- Pepper
- Mutha kutsagana nawo ndi:
- Pan
- Arugula
- Tomate
- Mpiru
- Mayonesi
- ketchup
Zachidziwikire kuti mutangowona mutu womwe mwanena ... Wolemba nsomba? Palibe, ana anga samakonda. Ngakhale ana anu sakonda nsomba zochuluka, hamburger iyi imawakonda, chifukwa imawoneka ngati Burger wokometsera nkhuku, ndipo samakondanso ngati nsomba.
Zotsatira zake tidzakhala ndi burger yowutsa mudyo kwambiri, komanso yosalala kuti ngati tiperekanso ndi masamba kapena saladi pang'ono zizikhala bwino.
Kukonzekera
Dulani zidutswa za hake muzidutswa tating'ono kwambiri, pafupifupi ngati nyama yophikidwa, ndipo tidayiyika m'mbale. Timadulanso zochepa kwambiri anyezi, ndi parsley ndipo timaziwonjezera ku nsomba. Onjezerani dzira, mikate ya mkate, mchere ndi tsabola.
Sakanizani zonse bwino, ndipo pangani 4 mipira yaying'ono. Timazipukuta ndikuziyika papepala, ndipo timazipanga m'chiwaya kapena chopanda ndodo ndi mafuta pang'ono.
Mukamagwiritsa ntchito burger aliyense, khalani olingalira, konzekerani ndi nandolo, mbatata zina, arugula pang'ono, phwetekere, etc. Ndipo ovala bwino ndi ketchup, mpiru kapena msuzi omwe mumawakonda.


text:
Amphamvu luso
Ukadaulo wapamwamba wopanga
Yankho labwino kwambiri
Zokhudza Hoodland
Zhejiang Hoodland Technology Ltd.
Ntchito
Zogulitsa zathu zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'malo osiyanasiyana, Malo Osewerera, Kusangalala, Kukonzekera, Magalimoto, Kusamalira Katundu, Malo Oyera, Kusunga Deta, Chivomerezi Cha Earthquake, Education, Flat Panel, Industrial, Imaging, Image Stabilization, Machine Tool, Material Handling , Medical, Meteorology, Asitikali, Optics, Kuyika, Kusunthira Anthu, Photonics, Zida Zofufuzira, Mphamvu Zowonjezera, Semiconductor, Test & Inspection ndi zina zambiri.
Kukhutitsidwa kwa Makasitomala
Kuonetsetsa kuti makasitomala athu akukhutira, timagwira ntchito mwakhama kuti tipeze zinthu zabwino kwambiri komanso zodalirika. Labu yathu ili ndi makina oyang'anira akatswiri, chilichonse chomwe chimawunikidwa chimawunikidwa ndikuyesedwa kambiri molingana ndi momwe amagwirira ntchito ovomerezeka ndi mulingo asanabadwe.
Ntchito Zogwirizana
Kwa zaka zambiri zomwe takhala tikugwira ntchito, takumana ndi makasitomala ena omwe sangapeze oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito pazoyimira zathu, ndiye kuti nthawi zonse timalangiza ndi yankho losinthidwa. Kutengera luso lamphamvu komanso ukadaulo wapamwamba wopanga, lingaliro lathu ndikuwonjezera phindu pazinthu zomwe tidapereka, kenako kuti tiwone izi kuti tipeze mayankho athunthu a bespoke. Potengera kuthekera konse, poganizira zosowa zathunthu ndi zofunika za makasitomala, gulu lathu laukadaulo lipereka yankho labwino kwambiri.
Utumiki Wathu
Ndikudziwa zambiri pantchito iyi, timamvetsetsa kuti bizinesi ndi anthu payekha akuyenera kukhala patsogolo pa chikhazikitso ndikusintha ndikuwongolera ukadaulo wawo. Poterepa, timangopereka osati gulu lodzipereka la akatswiri odziwa ntchito komanso njira yathunthu yoonetsetsa kuti malonda anu akugwira bwino ntchito. Timayang'ana kwambiri pakupanga mayankho ndikupatsa makasitomala athu zinthu zabwino zomwe zikugwirizana ndi malo omwe amapanga.
Timanyadira kupezeka ndi makasitomala athu, chonde khalani omasuka ndipo mutilankhule ndi zidziwitso pansipa, magulu athu othandizira azithandizira nthawi iliyonse yomwe angafunike.


text:
Ndimafunsidwa kawirikawiri: “…ndinu wa Sunni … Qadriyya … Shia … Ashaaira … kapena Muutazila??
Koma ine mainawa ndimangomva sindikudziwa kuti ndichani. Ndiye ndimafuna ntadziwa kuti zikutanthauza chani, komanso ndikufunikira kwanji koti munthu akhale mu chimodzi mwa izo.
~~~~~~~~~~~
Ndingofotokoza matanthauzo ake, poti nkhani zimenezi zili pa list kale tikulowera komweko in sha Allah.
1. Sunni:
Ndiyambe kaye ndi Ahlu Sunnah wal Jamaah. Awa ndi anthu omwe amatsatira Sunna za Mtumiki salla Alaih wasallam ndi ma Sahaba ake, ndipo sanagawanike timagulu. Zikhulupiliro zawo zimachokera mu Qur’an ndi Sunnah, zomwe zinalongosoledwa ndi Mtumiki komanso ma Sahaba komanso omwe anadza mibadwo iwiri pambuyo pawo. Ahlu Sunna wal Jamaah amadana ndi zinthu za bid’ah.
Aliyense wotsatira chiphunzitso chimenechi amatchedwa Ahlu Sunnah wal Jamaah. Ndipo chifukwa choti zonse zomwe amatsatirazo zimachokera kwa Mtumiki ndi ma sahaba komanso ma imaam olungama oyambilira omwe amatchedwa kuti ma Salaf Swalih (anthu olungama omwe anapita), otsatira amatchedwa kuti ma “Otsatira Manhaj ya ma Salafi, kapena kuti ma Salafiy mwachidule”.
Ili ndi gulu lolungama lomwe silinagawanike timagulu, koma onse anagwirizana kutsatira sunnah .. ndipo Mtumiki analitchula mu Hadith pambuyo pofotokoza kuti Ummah wake udzawanika magulu ndipo onsewo akalowa kumoto kupatula limodzi, limodzi lake la Iye Mtumiki ndi ma Sahaba ake.
Koma pali timagulu ta bid’ah tambirimbiri tomwe timadzitcha kuti ndi ma Sunni osati Ahlu Sunnah wal Jamaah.
2. Shia:
Ndi gulu loipisitsa mu chikhulupiliro lomwe linatuluka mu gulu la Ahlu Sunnah wal Jamaah, ndipo chiyambi chakupezeka kwa ma Shia kunali pa chikhulupiliro choti Ali radhia Allah anhu amayenera kutsogolera pambuyo pa Mtumiki, osati Abubakar. Ndiye amawatembelera achina Abubakar, Umar, Uthman ndi Mkazi wa Mtumiki, Aaisha, amanena kuti onsewa ali kumoto … pali ndithu zikhulupiliro zambiri zosemphana ndi Ahlu Sunna, zomwenso zimawatulutsa mu Aqeeda yolondola, ndipo amakanira Sunnah, zambiri mwa izo ndi za shirk, za haram komanso za bid’ah. Timagulu tina ta Sunni timatenganso zikhulupiliro zina ku mashia….
3. Qaadiria:
Ndi limodzi mwa timagulu tochokera mu gulu la Sufi. Sufi ndi gulunso lomwe linatuluka mu Aqeeda yolondola ya Mtumiki ndi ma Sahaba ake, ndipo timagulu ta Sufi timeneti timatchedwa ndi maina a ma imaam omwe anayambitsawo, amayamba ndi Twariqatu … (monga twariqatu Qadiriya, twariqatu Ahamdiya, twariqatu Qadiyaniya, Shadhiliya, Rifa’iya ndi ena ambiri). Tsopano Twariqatu Qadiriya amene anayambitsa ndi Sheikh Abdul Qaadir Jilani, nchifukwa chake inatchedwa Qaadiriya. Mirza Ghulam Ahmad anayambitsa Ahmadiya, etc.
Timagulu tonseto (tima twariq) tadzadza ndi shirk, bid’an ndi haram, monga kupempha kwa anthu akufa ndi zina zotero. Zonsezi chifukwa chiyambi chawo kunali kutuluka mu Sunnah. Ndipo zochitika zawo zambiri sizimasiyana ndi za ma Shia. Koma ngakhale amadzitcha kuti ndi ma Sunni, u Sunni wawo si wotsatira sunna za Mtumiki ndi ma Sahaba… Otsatira za Mtumiki ndi ma Sahaba popanda kugawanika komanso kubweretsa malamulo awo amatchedwa Ahlu Sunnah wal Jamaah (Jamaah – kutanthauza kuti anagwirizana pa kutsatira sunnah ndipo sanagawanike timagulu)….
4. Mu’tazila:
Ndi otsatila a Waaswil bun ‘Atwaa, yemwe anali student wa Imaam Al Hasan Al Basri. Chomwe chinachitika nchoti Al Hasan Al Basri atafunsidwa kuti kodi judgment ya munthu yemwe wachita tchimo lalikulu ndi yotani,,,ndi kaafir, kapena mu’min? Al Hasan anayankha kuti: ameneyo ndi kaafir koma ukafir wake wakupunguka imaan osati wa kafir weniweni.
Pamenepo Waaswil bun ‘Atwaa anatsutsa kuti: “koma ine sindikugwirizana nazo, ine ndikuti: ameneyo sangakhale mu’min komanso sangakhalee kaafir, koma ali pakatikati.
Kuchokera pamenepo panayambika madh’hab onena kuti munthu akhonza kukhala pakatikati pa kafir ndi mu’min. Koma mfundo imeneyo ndiyosalondola chifukwa munthu amayenera kukhala mbali imodzi (Mu’min kapena kaafir), Msilamu amatha kukhala ndi imaan yopunguka kapena yokwanira.
Ndiye pokakamira mfundo yakeyi, anangotuluka mu kalasi ya Al Hasan Al Basri ija (yemwe anali kuphunzitsa za Ahul Sunnah wal Jmaah), ndipo anayambitsa kagulu nkutsatidwa ndi anthu ena…kanakula kagulu kameneko ndi mfundo zolakwika ngati zimenezi, mpaka panopa.
Tsopano dzina loti Mu’tazila linachokera pa word yoti _i’tazala = wapanga withdraw_, chifukwa choti anapanga withdraw kalasi ya Ahlu Sunnah wal Jamaah, basi anthu omutsatira onse amatchedwa ma Mu’tazila (anthu opanga withdraw kalasi ya Ahlu Sunnah wal Jamaah).
5. Al Ashaa’ira:
Ndi gulu lomwe anayambitsa Abu Al Hasan Al Ash’ariy amene anatuluka kuchokera mu gulu la Mu’tazila. Abu Al Hasan anali mu Mu’tazila ndiye anatulukamo nkutsatidwa ndi anthu ena ndikuchitika kagulu mudzina lake (Al Ash’ariy = Al Ashaaira). Anthu amenewa maumboni awo pa deen yawo ya Chisilamu amagwiritsa ntchito mau ndi maganizo awo (philosophy). Amakanira mbiri za Mulungu zambiri ndipo amakhulupilira 7 zokha….
Tikaonesetsa tipeza kuti anthu amene amatsatira magulu 2,3,4,5 aja, ndiye kuti amatsatira asakudziwa mbiri zake, komanso zoona zake. Chifukwa magulu onsewa nthawi ya Mtumiki kunalibe. Ndiye munthu pakalipano akumasankha kuti mtsogoleri wake mu deen akhale munthu yamwe anayambitsa kagulu,,,kusiya utsogoleri wa Mtumiki ndi ma swahaba ake.
Zimenezo ndiye matanthauzo ake a zomwe munafunsazo, koma zambiri ndidzatambasula polongosola gulu limodzilimodzi palokha in sha Allah
Khalani “Ahlu Sunnah wal Jamaah” kutanthauza kuti Msilamu yemwe amatsatira Qur’an ndi Sunnah za Mtumiki ndi ma Sahaba ake”. Ndipo mupewe kujoina timagulu tiyambitsidwa ndi anthu.
Mupeza kuti munthu kungomuyankha kuti Nadine Msilamu basi ndilibe gulu mmagulu omwe mwatchulawo, amakunena zachipongwe, akufuna kuti uwauze kuti ndiwe wa magulu awowo, omwe ngakhale iwo sakudziwa kuti zimatanthauza chani.
Allah atiwongolere ku njira yowongoka.


text:
Zikuwoneka kuti tsiku lomwe kampaniyo idalengeza pa Januware 5 silinabwere, momwe adalongosolera izi mtundu watsopano wa Soft Gold wa OnePlus 3T idzapezeka sabata lomwelo. Mwachidule, zomwe akhala nazo ndizovuta pamalingaliro, koma iyi ndi nkhani ina ...
Tsopano kampani yaku China yalengeza zakufika kwa mtundu uwu pamtundu wawo ndipo tili nawonso pogula / kutumiza mwachangu, kotero ngati muli m'modzi mwa omwe anali kuyembekezera kukhazikitsidwa kwake, mutha kulumikizana ndi tsamba la kampaniyo ndikuyika oda yanu.
Kutumiza kumatha kuyitanidwa pogwiritsa ntchito "muyezo" wachikhalidwe womwe ungatenge masiku 8 kuti ufike ngati tigula lero kukhala omasuka kwathunthu, kapena kutumiza "koyambirira" komwe mtengo wa mayuro 9,99 Zowonjezerapo kuwonjezera pazonse, pomwe foni yatsopano ya golide imatha kubwera pa February 13, masiku atatu isanachitike. Mulimonsemo, ziyenera kunenedwa kuti amasunga nthawi potumiza ndipo ngati palibe kuchedwa kumene kampani yamaphukusi ikafika ku Spain, nthawi zambiri imakwaniritsidwa.
OnePlus adasintha chida ichi miyezi ingapo yapitayo ndipo Poyamba anali ndi mtundu wa mfuti zokha, kapena imvi yakuda. Tsopano patatha nthawi ino atilola kale kuti tisankhe mtundu watsopanowu wagolide wa OnePlus 3T, mtundu womwe ndi wowoneka bwino kwambiri ngati timaganizira phindu la ndalama ndi maubwino. Zowonadi ngati mumakonda mawonekedwe akunja a OPO zida zamkati ndi zabwino zomaliza ndizodabwitsa.


text:
Mafotokozedwe Akatundu
1. Zipangizozi ndizopangidwa ngati chotsatira pamakina athu a PSM pazomwe zimayeretsa poyikapo labala.
2.Kukwaniritsa zofunikira pamtunda wosalala posankha malamba okhwima okhala ndi granularity wosiyanasiyana.
3. Kukula kwake kwa raba wodzigudubuza sikungasinthe.
4. Njira yogwiritsira ntchito ndiyosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito.
Ntchito
Makina a PPM Series opukutira ndi zida zabwino kumapeto kwa makina odzigudubuza apamwamba kwambiri, komanso odzigudubuza omwe amafunikira pamwamba pake. Posankha kukula kwama grit a malamba opera, imatha kufikira mosiyanasiyana pakuyenda bwino.
Mapulogalamu
1.Kukhazikitsa ntchito.
2. Kusamalira.
3. Luso lothandizira pa intaneti limaperekedwa.
4. Mafayilo aukadaulo operekedwa.
5. Ntchito yophunzitsira pamasamba imaperekedwa.
6. Ntchito zopangira ndi kukonza zomwe zaperekedwa.
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