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Whārangi 1: Haurongo
Parata, Tame Haereroa
1832–1838?–1917
Nō Ngāi Tahu; he kaingārahu, he kaiurungi, he tangata ahuwhenua, he kaitōrangapū
I tuhia tēnei haurongo e John Broughton rāua ko Matapura Ellison, ā, i tāngia tuatahitia ki Ngā Tāngata Taumata Rau i te 1993. He mea whakamāori nā Ngā Tangata Taumata Rau.
Ko te whakaaro i whānau a Tame Haereroa Parata i waenga i ngā tau 1832 ki 1838 pea, i te motu o Ruapuke i Te Ara-a-Kiwa (Foveaux Strait). Ko Kāpene Terāpu (Trapp) tōna pāpara. He kaipatu tohorā nō te wāhanga whenua o Massachusetts i Amerika. He uri whakaheke te whaea o Parata, a Koroteke nō ngā kāwai rangatira o Ngāti Huirapa hapū o Ngāi Tahu, o Ngāti Māmoe me Waitaha. E ai ki te kōrero, ka hurihia e Parata te īngoa o tōna pāpā ki a Pratt, ā, ka mōhiotia tērā i te reo Māori ko Parata. Ka mōhiotia anō a Tame Haereroa Parata ko Thomas Trapp rānei, ko Pratt rānei.
E kōhungahunga tonu ana a Tame ka mate tōna pāpā. I runga anō i ngā tikanga a te Māori ka riro nā tana tipuna, nā Haereroa a ia i whāngai, i whakatipu. I tōna taiohitanga arā ia i Waikouaiti e mahi ana i te teihana patu tohorā a Johnny Jones. Taro ake, ka whakauru atu ia ki te ope kaiurungi i te rae o Ōtākou (Otago Heads). Nā ēnei mahi āna i puta ai te rongo mōna ki a Tā Hōri Kerei (George Grey). Ka whakamātau tērā ki te hari i a Tame ki Ākarana ki reira whakaakona ai ki te mātauranga ōkawa. Nā tana korongatā ki te whakarere i tōna iwi i kore ai ia i haere. Nō te 12 o Hepetema 1855 ka moea e ia tētahi wahine rangatira, ko Peti Hurene te īngoa, i Ōtepoti (Dunedin). Ko Elizabeth Brown anō tētahi o ōna īngoa karanga. Tekau mā tahi, nui atu rānei, ngā tamariki i puta ki a rāua.
Ka tahuri a Parata ki te mahi ahu whenua. Nō te tau 1868 ka tukua tētahi whenua mōna i te rāhui o Puketeraki i te tai whakararo o Ōtepoti. Tekau tau i muri mai neke atu rānei i te 200 eka te nui o tana pāmu. O ngā whenua tāpui o Puketeraki, nōna te mea tino rahi rawa atu i reira. Meāke, ka kitea ōna kaha kaingārahu. E kīia ana i a ia ngā tohu kairangatira o te mōhio ki te tohutohu i tōna iwi. Nāna i utu tētahi Pākehā ki te ako i a ia ki te parau, kātahi ka akona e ia ōna hoa noho tata ki taua mahi. Nāna anō hoki i whakahaere ngā kaiwhiwhi pāmu o te wā kāinga ki te hoko i tētahi mīhini kokoti wīti, mīhini korohū patu wīti rānei mā rātou. Ko ia te tangata tuatahi ki te whakatipu hipi i taua takiwā.
Nā runga i te whakakīkī a Parata ka whakatuwheratia tētahi kura ki Puketeraki i te tau 1875 mō ngā ākonga, e 24 te maha. Takeo ana te roa o ngā whakariterite ki ngā mana whakahaere o te wā kāinga kātahi anō ka whakaaetia. Nāna i whakapūmau kia whiwhi āna tamariki ake ki te whakaakoranga ko te mutunga mai o te pai te rite. He tangata i tuku i te katoa o tōna ngākau ki te whakapono, ā, i āwhinatia e ia te pounga o te Hāhi Mihinare i Puketeraki.
Ko 1885 te tau i uru atu ai a Tame Parata ki te Whare Pāremata hei mema Māori mō Te Tonga. I purihia e ia taua nohanga tau noa ki te tau 1911. Atu i te tau 1912 ki l9l7, ko ia tētahi o ngā mema o te Kaunihera Ture (Legislative Council). I te wā o tōna tōrangapūtanga ka whakapaua e ia tōna kaha ki te rongoā i ngā mamae o Ngāi Tahu i whānau mai i ngā hokonga whenua o ngā tau tōmua o te rau tau 1800–1899. Kāore ngā whenua rāhui i kī taurangitia mō rātou i wehea, ā, ka mahue mai a Ngāi Tahu kua tata te noho rawakore. Ko te nuinga o te whenua o Te Waipounamu kua ngaro i a rātou.
Rite tonu te whakahē a Parata i ngā kāwanatanga mō te kore pono o ā rātou mahi ki te whakatau tika i ngā amuamu o te Māori. Hei tāna o te tau 1888, kei te katoa o ngā hanganga ture mō ngā whenua Māori ētahi whakaritenga houhou nā te kāwanatanga i whakamana, ētahi take rānei i mahia tinihangatia i ngā tau o mua atu. Kei tētahi inoi anō āna ki te Pāremata i te tau 1904, e kī ana tana kī ko te whenua te toto o te Māori. Mehemea kāhore he whenua o te Māori, kāhore hoki he take mōna i ora ai. Kāhore te Māori e pai kia rite tana noho ki tērā o ētahi Pākehā – ki te noho rawakore, ki te pīnono oranga mō rātou, ki te kimi mahi.
Nō runga tonu i te hokihoki atu o Parata ki te Pāremata ki te whakamahara ki a rātou he tino iti rawa ngā whakaritenga i tohua ki a Ngāi Tahu i muri mai i ngā hokonga whenua, i whakatūria ai tētahi komiti hono o ngā whare e rua o te Pāremata i te tau 1886. Kātahi ka tonoa a Te Make (Alexander Mackay), te kōmihana o mua atu mō ngā rāhui Māori, ki Te Waipounamu ki te āta tirotiro i ngā kerēme. Nō te tau 1891 ka puta tana rīpoata e whakahau ana kia whakaaetia te katoa o ngā mea i hiahiatia rā e Parata. Tata ana te hua kore o ēnei mahi a Te Make i tautokona kahatia nei e Parata. Ko te whenua i wehea mō te hunga whenua kore o Ngāi Tahu he tino moroiti rawa atu i tērā i whakahaua rā. I tua atu i tēnā, ko te nuinga o ngā whenua i whakawhiwhia ki a rātou he paenga maunga tiketike, he pākihi, ā, kore rawa atu i pai hei wāhi nohanga tangata. He roa te tāringa kātahi anō ka whakawhiwhia ngā karāti ki a rātou. I te mutunga ka tātāngia a Parata e āna kaipōti i te mea e takoto rūri kore tonu ana te whenua, ka whakapae anō hoki kāhore i te pono āna mahi ki te toko i tō rātou ora. Ko 1903 te tau i kōwhetewhetetia e Parata te kāwanatanga. Ki āna kaipōti, kei tāna, e nukarautia ana rātou e ia mō taua whenua, ā, e tuku ana ia i te kāwanatanga kia nukarau i a ia. Kāti kāore he whakaaro o te kāwanatanga i tua atu, arā, ko te kī taurangi tonu, ko te kī taurangi tonu, kia riro ai māna rātou e tautāwhi.
I whakamihia e Parata te Ture mō ngā Māori Whenua Kore o Te Waipounamu (South Island Landless Natives Act) o 1906. He whakamātau tēnei nā te kāwanatanga ki te whakatakoto i tētahi hanganga ture, kua roa kē nei e tāria ana, hei wehe i ētahi whenua mō Ngāi Tahu. Ēngari, tērā ētahi wāhanga huanga kore ki te Māori nāna i tino whakaepaepa. Ahakoa te whakaatu mai a te ture nei koia tēnei te huarahi hei whakatau tika i a Ngāi Tahu, heoti tau rawa ki te tau 1914 he iti noa iho te wāhi i oti te whakatinana. Nō te tau 1914 ka poua anō tētahi kōmihana uiui, ēngari, kīhai i kitea he whakataunga whai niho e taua kōmihana. Nō te tau 1921 kātahi anō ka whakaaetia tūturutia e te kāwanatanga ngā kerēme. E whā tau tēnei i muri mai i te matenga o Parata. Nō te tau 1921 anō ka poua tētahi tahua kaitiaki. Nā taua tahua i āhei ai a Ngāi Tahu ki te whakapai ake i āna mahi whakaakoranga, whakahauora me te whakatoko i te ora, arā, ngā whāinga nō mai rā anō e totohetia mūhoretia ana e Parata i te Pāremata.
I hinga mai a Tame Parata i Puketeraki i te 6 o Maehe 1917. Nā te kaha haere tonu o tana whakamahara atu i te kāwanatanga ki ā rātou mahi ki te tiaki i te Māori, ki ā rātou herenga, me ngā mahi hei mahinga mā rātou mā te Māori, nāna i para te huarahi mō te whakatupuranga kaitōrangapū e heke iho ana kia riro mā rātou hei whakatinana i a rātou e ora ana ngā mea kīhai i taea e ia i tōna wā. Nā te whakataunga rā anōtanga a te Rōpū Whakamana i te Tiriti o Waitangi (Waitangi Tribunal) ngā kerēme a Ngāi Tahu i 1991, kātahi anō ka mōhiotia whānuitia te maha noa atu o ngā take i totohetia e Tame Parata.

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Kaua e Miss
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- Ka kumea mai e Medvedev mai i Monte Carlo Masters i muri i te whakamatautau pai o te mate coronavirus
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- CSBC Bihar Pirihimana Pirihimana Hua Katoa 2021 Kua Whakapuakihia
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Ko Kala Chana Aloo Sabzi he rihi whare noa i te taha raki o India. He maamaa, engari he momona i ona ha, a ka whakakiihia ki nga mea kakara kakara a Inia. He rongonui tenei rihi ki Banaras, tae atu ki ona teihana rerewewe, me te kore rawa e ngaro i a koe e haere ana i to taone tereina puta noa i te taone. Te tikanga ka tukuna ma te poori wera, te roti ranei.
Ko te tunu chana pango Aloo he tino rongonui ki nga taangata o Banaras. Mena kei te hiahia koe ki te mohio atu mo te tikanga whakarite, tirohia te riipene ataata, nga whakaahua me nga tikanga whakarite taahiraa o te raarangi chana pango pango.
Ko te kuiti riwai me te piariki he kari kotahi tonu te mahi, ka oti ana te wairangi te koana pango ka kohua. Ka taapirihia e te riwai te kiko ki te kari me te reka. Ka harikoa o tamariki i te kaainga ka kite i nga pihi riwai i tenei waa chana aloo sabzi hauora. Me titiro taatau mo te tikanga whakarite me te koa ki te tunutunu kala chana aloo sabzi tino pai i te kaainga
KALA CHANA ALOO SABZI RESIPE VIDEOKALA CHANA ALOO SABZI RESIPE | AKAPEEA TE HANGA BANARASI ALOO CHANA MASALA | HE PANUI KI TE POTATO ME TE CHICKPEA | KALA CHANA ALOO MASALA Kala Chana Aloo Sabzi Recipe | Me Pehea Te Hanga Banarasi Aloo Chana Masala | Potipe Me Te Tunu Kariini Kirikiti | Kala Chana Aloo Masala Te Waka Whakatikatika 8 Haora Te Wha Kuki 50-60M Tapeke Te Wa 9 Haora
Tunu Na: Meena Bhandari
Momo tunu tunu: Akoranga Matua
pradosh vrat vidhi me katha i hindi
Mahi ana: 2Kai whakauru
- Hinu - 1 tbsp
- Asafoetida (Hing) - 1 tsp
- Nga purapura kumara (Jeera) - 2 tsp
- Puree Tomato - 1 peihana rahi-rahi
- Tote - 2 tsp
- Kashmiri chilli paura - 3 tsp
- Paura korianara - 3 tsp
- Paura Turmeric - ½ tīpune
- Kohuatia te rīwai (he kiri tihorea, he tuaono) - 3
- Te wai - 2 kapu
- Kena pango i kohuatia - 1 peihana rahi-rahi
- Garam masala - 1 tsp
- Rau fenugreek maroke (kasuri methi) - 2 tsp
- Rēmana - ½ wahi
- Coriander (tapatapahi rawa) - 1 tbsp
- 1. Me wera te hinu ki roto i te peihana, taapirihia te hing (asafoetida) me nga purapura kumine ka wera ana te hinu.
- 2. Ka marara ana nga purapura kumine, taapirihia he peihana puree tōmato ka kohuatia kia rewa ai te hinu ki runga.
- 3. Taapirihia kia 2 tsp o te tote ka uru pai.
- 4. Taapirihia te puehu chilli kashmiri, te paura korianara me te puehu turmeric ka uru pai ki nga mea katoa.
- 5. I tenei wa, whakaranua te hawhe kapu wai ki te ¼ o nga riwai tapatapahi ka reha. Taapirihia ki te kari ki te whakakaa.
- 6. Taapirihia he kapu wai ano ka waiho kia kohuatia mo te 5-6 meneti.
- 7. Taapirihia he peihana o te chana pango pango ka kohuatia kia pai.
- 8. Kaatahi, taapirihia nga toenga rītipi tapatapahi ka kōhuatia ano.
- 9. Taapirihia te garam masala me te kasuri methi ka uru pai.
- 10. Ka tangohia ana mai i te oumu, ka touhia he hawhe rēmana ki a ia ka whakapaia ki te tiori tapatapahi tapatapahi.
- Ruia te chana pango i te po kotahi ka taapiri he tote tote i te kohua. Te taumaha tunu kia 8-9 te whiowhiowhiu.
- Rahinga Mahi - 1 kapu
- Calories - 273
- Ngako - 6.5 g
- Pūmua - 12.2 g
- Warowaihā - 43.1 g
- Te muka - 11.4 g
STEP BY STEP - HOW TO MAKE KALA CHANA ALOO SABZI
1. Me wera te hinu ki roto i te peihana, taapirihia te hing (asafoetida) me nga purapura kumine ka wera ana te hinu.
2. Ka marara ana nga purapura kumine, taapirihia he peihana puree tōmato ka kohuatia kia rewa ai te hinu ki runga.
3. Taapirihia kia 2 tsp o te tote ka uru pai.
4. Taapirihia te puehu chilli kashmiri, te paura korianara me te puehu turmeric ka uru pai ki nga mea katoa.
5. I tenei wa, whakaranua te hawhe kapu wai ki te ¼ o nga riwai tapatapahi ka reha. Taapirihia ki te kari ki te whakakaa.
6. Taapirihia he kapu wai ano ka waiho kia kohuatia mo te 5-6 meneti.
7. Taapirihia he peihana o te chana pango pango ka kohuatia kia pai.
8. Kaatahi, taapirihia nga toenga rītipi tapatapahi ka kōhuatia ano.
9. Taapirihia te garam masala me te kasuri methi ka uru pai.
10. Ka tangohia ana mai i te oumu, ka touhia he hawhe rēmana ki a ia ka whakapaia ki te tiori tapatapahi tapatapahi.


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- E toru nga kaihao i mataku kua mate i te tuki o te kaipuke ki te poti mai i te takutai o Mangaluru
- Kabira Mobility Hermes 75 Tere Tere Tuku Tauhokohoko Hiko Hiko Tiwhikete I Inia
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- CSBC Bihar Pirihimana Pirihimana Hua Katoa 2021 Kua Whakapuakihia
- 10 Nga Wahi Pai Hei Tirohia I Maharashtra I te Paenga-whawha
waikano makawe pango kainga kaore hena
Ko te kaiwaiata Amerikana, kaitito waiata, me te wahine wahine a Lady Gaga e kitea ana i nga upoko korero me ona makawe makawe me ona ataahua. Ka taea e te diva te whao tetahi ahua rite ki te keke keke ana ko ona ahua o mua he tohu o taua mea. Akene he maamaa tana titiro atu ki tetahi atu o nga huihuinga i tetahi atu huihuinga, ka kite pea koe i a ia e whakakino ana i te ahua rereke me te ahua-noa, ahakoa kei mua o te makawe, makawe ranei. Na, he uaua ki te matapae he aha te ahua o tana e takaro ana i nga huihuinga katoa.
I tata nei, i whakahaerehia he hui whakatuwheratanga a te Perehitini Joe Biden me te Perehitini Tuarua a Kamala Harris, i reira a Lady Gaga i korero maia ai me tana makawe makawe OTT. I whakakakahu ia i tetahi momo whakapaipai makawe tino rereke, rereke, me te whakamiharo i te ahua tino huatau. Ko tana makawe makawe he tino hopu-kanohi engari he taipitopito huna kei muri o te makawe makawe kaore e tino manakohia! Na, panuihia te katoa o te tuhinga i te wa e wetewetehia ai nga makawe whakamiharo o Gaga ka whakaatu i te take huna.
Na, i tae atu a Lady Gaga ki te huihuinga e whakaatu ana i ona makawe makawe i aro nui ki te katoa. Ko ona makawe he kara purukamu tona kara, a he hakinakina te ahua o waenga-wehenga. I whanau mai tetahi kaiwhakaari Whetu ki te makawe i nga taha e rua, ka taatatia kia rite ki te potae whiri. Ko te maramara matotoru i runga ake o tona mahunga he karauna te take, no reira i tapaina ai he makawe makawe karauna. He aha te mea whakamere mo tana karauna paraire, he rīpene pango te mea i honoa ki te rerekee me ona makawe platinum, ka piki ake te ahua o te momo.
Whai muri i te raranga i te riipene pango ki tana whiri, ka mau ia te karauna ma te here i te tua o te tua o tana mahunga. Ana, inaianei i te tahae o tana makawe i te tirohanga matakite, he tuhinga ano kei roto i tona makawe makawe i ataahua rawa atu ai tana makawe. I muri o tona mahunga e tata ana ki te ihu o tana kakii, e rua nga putiputi whero ataahua i kakahuria e ia, i wow ai maua. Ko te mea mutunga, i tukuna e Gaga etahi whenu o ona makawe kia ngawari ai te whakatuu i tona mata.
I mua o te hanga-i mua, i maama tonu tana papa, ka paku haere, ka aata haere ki te kanohi me te kauae. Ko nga kapi kapi, ko nga kanohi kohled, ko te mascara, ko te atarangi o te kanohi mawhero, ko te mawhero, me te kaipara whero kanapa, ka tipu ake tana ahua. I te taenga mai o tana kaakahu, ka mau te wahine wahine i te koti navy a Schiaparelli Haute Couture me te roopu remu whero, i hangaia mo Daniel Roseberry.
Na, he aha to whakaaro mo tenei makawe o Lady Gaga? Kia mohio taatau i te waahanga korero.
Whiwhinga Pikitia: Schiaparelli's Instagram


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iPhone 6s / iPhone 7 / iOS 9
- 1 iPhone 7 / 6s News
- 1.1 Ngā Āhuatanga & Specs
- 1.2 Concepts Ataata
- 1.3 Concept Images
- 1.4 Release Rā
- 1.5 Utu
- 1.6 Secrets i roto i te iPhone 7 / 6s
- 1.7 iPhone 7 ranei iPhone 6s?
- 2 iPhone 7 / 6s Tips
- 2.1 Kia mau ki iPhone 7 / 6s nohopuku
- 2.2 Whakaora Photo i Notes
- 2.3 iPhone 7 / 7s Data Recovery
- 2.4 iPhone 6s / 6s Plus Data Recovery
- 2.5 Whakaora Video i Notes
- 2.6 Raraunga Whakawhiti ki iPhone 7 / 6s
- Edge 2.7 iPhone 7 / 6s VU Samsung nga tupuni t6
- 3. iOS 9 News
- 3.1 Secrets e pā ana ki iOS 9
- 3.2 iOS 9 Battery Life
- 3.3 iOS 9 Track Mahi Fakasekisualé
- 3.4 iOS 9 Brilliant Āhuatanga
- 3.5 He aha Kāore Tāuta iOS 9 Beta
- 3.6 Jailebreak Tweaks Mate i roto i iOS 9
- 3.7 iOS 9 Wallpaper
- 3.8 iOS 9 VU iOS 8
- 3.9 iOS 9 Bugs
- 3.10 iOS 9 Raruraru
- 4. iOS Tips 9
- 4.1 Guide ki Tikiake & Tāuta iOS 9
- 4.2 Aratohu mō te jailbroken iPhone ki iOS 9
- 4.3 Update ki iOS 9
- 4.4 whakahekenga iOS 9
- 4.5 bricked iPhone i muri iOS 9 Whakahōu
- 4.6 White Apple Moko muri iOS 9 Whakahōu
- 4.7 iOS 9 Data Recovery
- 4.8 iOS Free ake 9 Space
- 4.9 iOS Whakaora Pūrere 9
- 4.10 Whakawhiti ki iOS 9
Pehea ki te Whakaora ake Space atu i runga i tou iOS Pūrere 9
Aro ki te wāhi rokiroki iti i runga i tō pūrere iOS9? Well, Ko te take ki te nuinga o nga kaiwhakamahi tenei, hoatu e te mea kahore he kōwhiringa o whakawhänui i te mahara i runga i tetahi o nga whakaaro Apple. No te aha e tupu te reira, ahakoa e riro te wāhi i te pakaruhanga mo te nuinga o nga kaiwhakamahi iOS? pūrere iOS e tetahi o te pai i roto i reira ki te rokiroki me te whakarongo ki te waiata, te tākaro ataata, me te pāwhiri pikitia. Enei mahi katoa he wāhi tino kai, me te ki te mahara i whakaritea i roto i ngā pūrere iOS, rokiroki maoro, te whakaiti mō te katoa. Te tahi atu tumu i taea e te rota o te taupānga e hiahiatia i runga i tō pūrere, e kai ki te rokiroki e wātea ana.
Na, e matau ana matou ki ta matou e arata'i ki te wāhi iti i runga i ngā pūrere iOS, kia whakamōhio koe matou ki te otinga pai mo wetekina ake tenei wāhi ngaro; hui Wondershare SafeEraser, he tono e taea hohoro wewete ake mahara i runga i tō pūrere iOS i roto i te tango i keteroki e hiahiatia, ngā kōnae muhu me te ake.
Tenei ko te rārangi taipitopito o te mea e nehenehe e rave i teie tono katoa mo koutou.
- • Mukua koutou taipitopito whaiaro rawa, a kore muku tika ratou
- • Me whakarite e koutou raraunga (tirotiro tukutuku, karere, taupānga e whakamahi koe etc) e noho tūmataiti, me te kāore e
- • Tokoni i roto i tino a tūturu ūkui tō pūrere i roto i te take kei te whakaaro koe te hoko, te hangarua hoko reira ranei
- • Tangohia te paraurehe katoa (kōnae e hiahiatia me taupānga)
- • Tautoko i te rārangi roa o te momo kōnae
- • Whakaorangia i runga i te wāhi rokiroki mō tō pūrere i te kōpeke whakaahua
3.481.186 Kua tīkina reira te iwi
Kia pehea te-ki
1. Ūkui kōnae paraurehe
- • Tikiake me te tāuta Wondershare SafeEraser ka whakarewa i te reira. Pāwhiritia te kōwhiringa 'Whakapai Express'.
- • Patua te pātene Tīmata Matawai ki te timata matawai mō ngā kōnae paraurehe i runga i tō pūrere iOS. Kia oti te karapa, ka whakaatu SafeEraser he rārangi kei roto i te kōnae paraurehe katoa ki te rahinga tēnā o ngā kōnae taua.
- • Tīpakohia te momo kōnae e hiahiatia, me te pāwhiri i runga i te kōmuru Na. Tenei ka horoi i te kōnae katoa paraurehe i tō pūrere iOS me te whakaatu i nga hua o te pokekore ake i roto i te matapihi i muri. Ki te hiahiatia, ka taea e ara pāwhiri koe i runga i ia momo kōnae ki te kite atu kōrero i runga i te kōnae paraurehe takitahi, me te anake tīpako mea e hiahia ana tango a murua koe.
2. Tangohia taupānga kāore
- • Whakarewa SafeEraser ka pāwhiri i te 'Korewhakamahi App Eliminator'. I te taha ki te ringa matau o te matapihi, pāwhiritia i runga i te pātene Tīmata Matawai ki kamata kumi mo nga taupānga kāore katoa i runga i tō pūrere iOS.
- • Me whakaatu te matapihi i muri i te ahunga whakamua karapa i teie nei, me e kia whakaotia i roto i te hēkona ruarua anake.
- • I roto i te matapihi i muri e whakaatu ana i te hua scan, kia whakakitea taupānga katoa kihai nei i kua whakamahia mo nga ra whakamutunga 30.
- • Na te taunoa, kia tirohia nga taupānga katoa / tīpakohia kua, taea e koe te tīpako i te feia e hiahia ana koe tango, me te ka pāwhiri i runga i te pātene Wetetāuta ki timata te tango i enei taupānga.
- • Kia mahi e whakaatu te whārangi i muri ia koutou hua ki te nui o te wāhi e taea e koe ki te whakaora i roto i te tukanga.
3. mārama raraunga mukua tino
- • Mai i te pae taha ki maui, whiriwhiri te kōmuru Kōnae Mukua ka pēhi Tīmata Karapa rite ki nga kaupae o mua katoa.
- • Kia oti te karapa, ka koe e kite i te rārangi o ngā momo raraunga katoa mukua ki te maha o ngā kōnae i roto i tenei tetahi o ratou. Tīpakohia te feia e hiahia ana koe ki te ūkui rawa, ka patua i runga i te pātene te kōmuru Na.
- • kia te whārangi / matapihi i muri whakaū i te tango angitu o te raraunga katoa ano e hiahiatia ana.
4. Kōpeke whakaahua ki te whakaora wāhi ake ki te 75%
- • Tīpakohia 'Photo Compressor' i te tahua paetaha maui, ka patua i runga i Tīmata Karapa ki te timata matawai mō whakaahua nui i runga i tō pūrere iOS.
- • te whārangi i muri mai, he oti kotahi te karapa, ka whakaatu ki a koutou nga whakaahua katoa e tino nui, me te hoatu hoki koutou te whakatau tata i runga i te nui wāhi taea e koe te whakaora i te kōpeke ratou.
- • Kia mahara ki te pāwhiri koe i runga i te Ara Pūrua (i muri ki te pātene 'i teie nei Kōpeke') e whakaatu ki a koutou i te tauwāhi taunoa ara / pūrua mō whakaahua taketake katoa ka kia tīpako koe i te ūnga o koutou ake kōwhiringa aha kia ki. Kia meatia, pāwhiri i runga i te ĀE, me te ka 'i teie nei Kōpeke' ki te timata te kōpeke i te whakaahua.
- • Na, i te tukanga o te kōpeke kia tango noa i te hēkona ruarua, me ka whakaatu i te whārangi hua mo koutou.


text:
Erueti Te Whiti-o-Rongomai III (died 1907) was born into Te Āti Awa, a Taranaki iwi, during the turmoil of the 'Musket Wars'.
It is said he was identified as a teacher and prophet early in life, and much care was taken to ensure his safety. His stature in the Māori traditional world was augmented by a deep knowledge of Christian doctrine.
Te Whiti was said to have taken part in the Taranaki wars of the 1860s, but by the mid-1860s he had decided to pursue peaceful resistance to European incursion and the loss of land.
One tradition has it that Te Whiti and his people first moved to the inland village later known as Parihaka in the 1840s, to escape the social and economic pressures of coastal life. Other sources say he began living there in the 1860s after the Taranaki wars and subsequent land confiscations. In any event Parihaka became a centre of peaceful resistance and a rallying point for many Māori. Parihaka was led by Te Whiti and his relative and fellow prophet Tohu Kākahi. The main focus of Māori discontent was land confiscation and the government's failure to set aside promised reserves.
In 1879 the government began to survey 16,000 acres of the confiscated Waimate Plain without setting aside Māori reserves. In response, Māori, led by Te Whiti and Tohu, began ploughing land occupied by settlers. Arrests followed, but the pace of protest continued to grow. Parihaka became a symbol for many Māori, and its people received food and other supplies from tribes throughout the country and as far away as the Chatham Islands.
On 5 November 1881 a force of almost 1600 volunteers and Constabulary Field Force troops, led by Native Minister John Bryce, invaded Parihaka. The Māori inhabitants, numbering about 2,000, put up no resistance. Instead they greeted Bryce and his men with bread and song. They were dispersed and Te Whiti and Tohu were arrested. The soldiers then systematically wrecked the settlement, and Māori tradition speaks of brutality and rape.
Te Whiti was charged with 'wickedly, maliciously, and seditiously contriving and intending to disturb the peace'. Held without trial, he was not released until 1883, when he returned to the ruined Parihaka settlement. Te Whiti and Tohu continued to lead peaceful Māori protest, and Te Whiti was imprisoned again for six months in 1886. In 1892 the West Coast Settlement Reserves Act brought in a system of renewable leases to settlers on more than 200,000 acres of Māori land. In response, Māori persisted with ploughing campaigns. In 1897, 92 Māori were arrested for ploughing in protest at delays in resolving the grievances over the Native Trustee's management of these leases.
Te Whiti and Tohu died within a few months of each other in 1907. The white albatross feather, which Te Whiti’s followers adopted as a symbol protecting the mana of the Parihaka settlement, remains an enduring emblem among Te Āti Awa.
Adapted from the DNZB biography by Danny Keenan
Te Whiti-o-Rongomai
Ka whānau mai a Te Whiti (?-1907) i te wā o ngā pakanga mau pū i waenganui i ngā iwi. Ko tōna iwi ko Te Āti Awa o Taranaki. E ai ki ngā kōrero, e tamariki tonu ana a Te Whiti ka puta i a ia ngā tohu o te matakite, o te poropiti. I āta manaakitia ia e tōna iwi. I tua atu, he tangata matatau ia ki te whakapono Karaitiana; kātahi ka nui atu ngā rongo kōrero mōna i te ao Māori. E ai ki te kōrero, i roto a Te Whiti i ngā riri ki Taranaki i te tekau tau atu i 1860. Heoti, tae rawa ki te pokapū o taua tekau tau, kua huri kē ia ki te mautohe mārie ki te tomo mai o te Pākehā me te rironga o ngā whenua.
Tērā tētahi kōrero e mea ana i whakatūria te kāinga o Parihaka e Te Whiti mā i te tekau tau atu i 1840, hei wāhi haumaru i ngā whakararu ki takutai. Tērā tētahi atu kōrero e mea ana, nō muri rawa i ngā riri me te raupatunga whenua o te tekau tau atu i 1860, ka tū tōna kāinga i Parihaka. Ahakoa he aha, ka tipu a Parihaka hei pokapū mō ngā mautohe mārie a te iwi Māori. Ko Te Whiti rāua ko tōna pāpā a Tohu Kakahi ngā kaiārahi. Rite a Tohu rāua ko Te Whiti, he matakite. Ko te take nui ki te iwi Māori ko ngā whenua i raupatutia me te kore tutuki i te kāwanatanga tana kī taurangi mō ngā whenua ka rāhuitia mō te Māori.
I te tau 1879 ka tīmata te kāwanatanga ki te rūri i te whenua raupatu e 16,000 eka te rahi i ngā mānia o Waimate. Kāore i rāhuitia he wāhanga o tēnei whenua mō te Māori. Hei utu mō tēnei, ka tīmata a Te Whiti rātou ko Tohu, ko te iwi ki te parau i ngā whenua kei te nōhia e te Pākehā. Ka mauherea ētahi. Hāunga tērā, ka nui haere ngā mautohe, ka tū a Parihaka hei tohu whakakaha i te tini o te iwi Māori. Ka tukua mai e tēnā iwi, e tēnā iwi he kai, tae rawa ki Wharekauri.
I te rā 5 o Nōema o te tau 1881 ka whakaekea a Parihaka e ngā Pirihimana Mau Pū me ngā tūao e 1600 te rahi; ko tō rātou kaiārahi ko te Minita mō ngā Take Māori, a Te Paraihe (John Bryce). Kāore i ātetetia tō rātou kuhu e te iwi o Parihaka e 2000 pea te tokomaha. Ka horahia ngā kai mā Te Paraihe me tōna ope, ka waiatatia rātou. Kia ahatia. Whakamararatia ana te iwi, mauheretia ana a Te Whiti rāua ko Tohu. Wāwāhia ana te kāinga o Parihaka. Kei te mau tonu ngā kōrero tuku iho mō ngā mahi whakarihariha a ngā hōia, tā rātou tūkino i ngā wāhine.
Ka ūhia ngā whakapae ki runga i a Te Whiti mō te "whakatutū i te puehu i runga i te kino, i te ngākau waniwani". Ka mauherea ia, hāunga te mea kāore anō kia tū he whakawākanga. Nō te tau 1883 ka tukua ia. I tana hokinga kua pākarukaru katoa a Parihaka. Ka ārahi tonu a Te Whiti rāua ko Tohu i ngā mautohe mārire, whai anō i te tau 1886 ka whiua anōtia a Te Whiti ki te whare herehere mō te ono marama. Nā te Ture Whakatau Papa Rāhui o te Tai Hauāuru o te tau 1892, ka tareka e ngā tāngata whai te whakahou i ā rātou rīhi i runga i ngā whenua Māori e 200,000 eka. Hei ātete i te ture nei, ka haere tonu ngā mautohe mārire a ngā Māori. I te tau 1897, e 92 ngā tāngata Māori i mauherea mō te parau whenua; i mautohe nā te takaroa o te whakatau i ō rātou nawe mō ngā whakahaere a te Kaitiaki Māori i ngā rīhi nei.
Nō te tau 1907 i mate ai a Te Whiti rāua ko Tohu. Ko te raukura toroa te tohu a ngā pononga o Te Whiti e whakaū ana i te mana o Parihaka, e mau tonu nei i roto o Te Āti Awa i ēnei rā.
How to cite this page
'Te Whiti', URL: https://nzhistory.govt.nz/people/erueti-te-whiti-o-rongomai-iii, (Ministry for Culture and Heritage), updated 12-Dec-2019


text:
Kei a maatau nga taputapu tino matatau kei raro nei hei tohu i te kaha o te hanga me te kounga.
1. Miihini tirotiro miihini hei whakarite i te kounga o nga rawa e haere mai ana.
2. Te Miihini Miihini I mua i te miihini hei whakahaere i te hiranga o te papanga kia pai ake ai te rahi o te kakahu.
3. Ko te miihini tapahi miihini hei whakahaere i nga waahanga tapahi he paerewa me te pumau me te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga.
4. Punaha whakairi Aunoa hei whakapai ake i te kaha whakaputa.
He mahinga tirotiro hua ta maatau, mai i te tirotiro rauemi, te tirotiro miihini tapahi, te tirotirohanga o nga hua haurua-oti, te tirohanga hua oti kia pai ai te kounga o te hua. Kia kaha ai te kounga ki te whakahaere i nga waahanga katoa.
He kaha te roopu R & D kei roto i a taatau te kaihoahoa, kaihanga tauira, kaihanga tauira hei awhina i a koe ki te whakawhanake hua hou.
He kaha te roopu hoko ki te whakarato i nga ratonga pai ki a koe mo o ota. He ngaio ratou, he manawanui hoki ki te tino wheako.
I mua ko Arabella he pakihi a te whanau he wheketere whakatipuranga tera. I te 2014, e toru o nga tamariki a te tiamana i whakaaro ka taea e ratau ake te mahi i nga mea nui ake, no reira ka whakatuhia e ratau a Arabella ki te aro ki nga kakahu yoga me nga kakahu whakapakari.
Na te Pono, te Kotahitanga, me nga hoahoa auaha, kua whakawhanakehia a Arabella mai i te tipu tukatuka 1000-mita-mita-iti ki te wheketere me te whai mana motuhake me te mana kaweake i tenei ra 5000-mita-mita. Kua tohe a Arabella ki te rapu hangarau hou me te papanga mahi nui hei whakarato i nga hua pai mo nga kaihoko.


text:
Content
He kupu whakamahuki
E manakohia ana e Te Whare Wānanga o Otāgo te tikanga reo rua me te tikanga reo maha. I roto i te toru tau kua taha ake nei e kitea ana i roto i ngā kōrero rangahau kua tāia e whakaaria mai ana te whakaaro he painga kei roto i te whāngai i te tamaiti, i te tangata ki te rua, maha atu rānei o ngā reo. Otirā i tua atu o tērā kei konā anō ētahi hua me te āhei hoki ki te kōrero reo rua me te mōhio ki te ahurea rua.
E kore e taea te whakaora tonu i te reo rua, ahurea rua mā roto atu o te noho ngātahi herekore o te iwi tokoiti o te tokomaha. E ora ai te reo Māori, pērā anō me ngā reo katoa o ngā iwi tokoiti, me āta whakatakoto ngā momo rautaki kia āhei ai tōna kōrerotia i roto i ngā horopaki whānui, ā, kia whānui haere te tokomaha e taunga ana ki te kōrero, me whakarite he tikanga hei whakahau i te hunga mahi me ngā ākonga ki te kōrero, ki te tuhituhi hoki i te reo Māori. 1
E whakaatatia ana te hiranga o te reo i roto i te waiata i titoa mō te hui reo rūmaki a Ngāi Tahu i te marae o Rāpaki i te marama o Kohi-tātea i te tau 1998.
He taoka te reo
He kura pounamu
Iti kahuraki
Māpihi maurea
Kia hokia anō ngā kupu a Tā Hēmi Henare.
The language is the core of our Māori culture and mana. Ko te reo te mauri o te mana Māori (The language is the life force of Māori mana). If the language dies, as some predict, what do we have left to us? Then, I ask our own people who are we?...
Therefore the taonga, our Māori language, as far as our people are concerned, is the very soul of the Māori people. 2
I raro i te Ture o te Reo Māori 1987, he reo tūturu te reo Māori nō Niu Tireni
3. Ko te reo Māaori hei reo tūturu mo Niu Tireni - Ka kiia te reo Māaori e tēnei Ture, hei reo tūturu mo Niu Tireni. 3
Mai i te tau 1997, he rautaki tā te Kāwanatanga hei whakakaha i te reo Māori e whakahaeretia ana e ngā tari kāwanatanga.
E whakamātau ana Te Whare Wānanga ki te whakamana i te Ture o te Reo Māori 1987, ā, e hāngai ana tēnei ki ngā tohutohu a Te Whare Wānanga kua tāia i roto i te Strategic Direction to 2005. E whakatutuki ana anō hoki Te Whare Wānanga i te kupu taurangi o tā Te Whare Wānanga Tūtohinga kia whakatinanatia ngā kōrero o Te Tiriti o Waitangi pēnei:
- kia kaha ake te whakauru mai a ngā tāngata Māori ki roto i ngā mahi o Te Whare Wānanga
- kia tiakina, kia whakatairangatia hoki te reo me ngā tikanga Māori i runga i ngā tūmanako me ngā tikanga a te Māori me ngā tikanga o Te Whare Wānanga
- kia tautokona ngā kaupapa e whakatūria ana e ngā iwi mō ō rātou painga
- kia rangahau ngātahitia, kia whakaako ngātahitia, kia whakahaere ngātahitia ngā mahi hei painga mō Te Whare Wānanga me ngā iwi Māori
- kia hāpaitia te rangahau i te reo, i ngā tikanga, i te hauora, i te whakaakoranga, i ngā take o te wā me te hītori, o te Māori 4
Ngā Kaupapa
Te Pae Tawhiti kia whāia e Te Whare Wānanga mō Te Reo Māori
Kia māhorahora, kia whai painga, kia whai pānga, kia hira, kia ora, kia whai mana te reo Māori hei reo e kōrero whānuitia ana, e tuhia whānuitia ana.
Ngā Mātāpono
Te Mātāpono 1
He mana tō te reo hei taonga i raro i Te Tiriti o Waitangi me Te Ture o te Reo Māori 1987. Nō reira, e tautokona ana te mana o te reo Māori e Te Whare Wānanga me te whakaae kia kōrerohia, kia tuhia taua reo e ngā ākonga me te hunga mahi, hei reo anō hoki mō te aro matawai.
Te Mātāpono 2
Ka kaha Te Whare Wānanga o Otāgo ki te whakatairanga i te reo Māori mā te:
- whakamana i te pūkenga o te tangata ki te kōrero me te tuhituhi i te reo Māori;
- whakahau i ngā tari ki te whakatakoto paearu hei whiriwhiri i ngā kaimahi e mōhio ana ki te reo Māori me te reo Pākehā;
- akiaki i ngā kaimahi o Te Whare Wānanga, ahakoa te hunga mātau, te hunga tautoko rānei, ki te whakauru i ngā akoranga reo Māori;
- akiaki i ngā ākonga ki te ako i te reo Māori hei wāhanga o tō rātou tohu mātauranga.
Te Mātāpono 3
Ka whakaritea he tikanga e Te Whare Wānanga kia tika ai te reo Māori o ngā pukapuka katoa e tāia ana, ā, ka whāia ngā tikanga tuhituhi i te reo Māori kua whakatakotoria e Te Taura Whiri i te Reo Māori. E whakaaetia ana ngā reo ā-iwi katoa o te reo Māori, kia whakaatatia ai he whare wānanga tēnei nō Aotearoa, ehara nō te rohe anake.
Te Mātāpono 4
E whakamana ana Te Whare Wānanga i te rangatiratanga o te mana/tangata whenua, i te mana motuhake o Ngāi Tahu, tae atu anō hoki ki ngā kirimana e pā kaha ai pea ki aua kārangarangatanga i waenganui i a rātou.
Te Mātāpono 5
Ka whakatairangatia ngā tikanga Māori e Te Whare Wānanga.
Ngā Whāinga
- Kia maha ake ngā tāngata e mōhio ana ki te kōrero i te reo Māori. Kia whakawhānui haeretia ngā huarahi mā rātou hei ako i te reo kia pēnei ai.
- Kia pai ake te matatau o te tangata ki te kōrero, ki te whakarongo, ki te pānui, ki te tuhituhi hoki i te reo Māori.
- Kia whakawhānui haeretia ngā wā me ngā wāhi e taea ai e te tangata te reo Māori te kōrero, te tuhituhi rānei.
- Kia whakatītinatia ngā whakaaro papai me ngā uara papai o ngā tāngata Māori me ētahi atu tāngata mō te reo Māori hei kura i te hapori o Te Whare Wānanga me te iwi whānui o Aotearoa. 5
Ngā Tikanga Whakahaere
Ka whakamātauria te whakatinanatanga o ēnei tikanga whakahaere e whai ake nei ā te tau 2003:
- Ka whaka Māoritia tā Te Whare Wānanga Tūtohinga hou me te Uaratanga kua whakahiatotia i runga i tētahi o ngā whakahau a te Komihana Ako Pae Tawhiti mō ngā Tūtohinga Whakamārama me ngā Marau Kōrero ā te tau 2003. He tohu tēnei nō te hiranga o taua pukapuka me tō Te Whare Wānanga whakaaro nui whakaharahara he mana tō te reo Māori. Ka āta tirohia te hua o te tuku i ngā ākonga kia whakawhiwhia rātou ki te tohu tiwhikete, tohu pōkairua, tohu paetahi ahu atu i roto i te reo Māori, Pākehā rānei ā te tau 2003.
- Me whai e Te Whare Wānanga ngā tikanga a Te Taura Whiri i te Reo Māori mō te tuhituhi i te reo Māori. 6
- I tēnei wā utua ai e Te Whare Wānanga te 70% o te utu whakauru a ngā kaiako ki roto i ngā akoranga o te pae tuatahi e whakaakona ana e Te Tumu. Atu i tēnei wā mā Te Whare Wānanga te katoa o te utu mō ngā akoranga katoa o te pae tuatahi me ngā akoranga reo Māori katoa ahakoa he aha te pae. He maha tonu ngā tūmomo akoranga e whakaakona ana e Te Tumu mō te reo me ngā tikanga Māori.
- Me akiaki ngā ākonga o Te Whare Wānanga o Otāgo kia whāia ētahi akoranga reo Māori mō ō rātou tohu mātauranga.
- Whakatūria ai ngā hui ako i te whakahua i te reo Māori e Te Wāhanga Whakapakari i Te Whare Wānanga me Te Ratonga mō ngā Kaimahi ia tau, ia tau. Ka whakatūria tonutia aua tūmomo akoranga ia tau kia taea ai e ngā kaimahi te reo Māori te whakahua i runga i te tika.
- Me āta whakatū e te Kāhui Hanga Ture Mātauranga o Te Whare Wānanga tētahi Komiti Tūturu mō Te Reo Māori hei whakahaere i te whakamahi o ngā kaupapa me ngā tikanga whakahaere, ā, hei tohutohu hoki i ngā Tumuaki o ngā Tari i te taumata matatau o ngā kaiwhakamātautau me ngā kaiwhakapākehā o te aro matawai a ngā ākonga ka tuhia ki te reo Māori. Mā Te Tūāhōanga Matarehu o Te Mātauranga, mā Te Tumu tēnei mahi e hari i te tau 2003.
- Ka pānui ā-reo Māoritia e Te Whare Wānanga ngā tūranga e hiahiatia ana kia mōhio ngā kaitono ki te reo, ā, me whakamātau e Te Whare Wānanga kia manaakitia ngā kaimahi me ngā ākonga.
- Mā Te Komiti mō Te Tiriti o Waitangi ngā tohu o Te Whare Wānanga e whakarite. Me tautoko e te Kāhui Hanga Ture Mātauranga o Te Whare Wānanga kia hangaa reoruatia ngā tohu.
- Me whai wāhi ngā mihi reo Māori i roto i ngā hui whai mana a Te Whare Wānanga, tae atu ki ngā whakawhiwhinga tohu mātauranga, ki ngā kōrero ā-waea, ki ngā karere ā-rorohiko, ki ngā reta, ki ngā karere ā-waea i ngā wā e tika ana.
- Me whakamātau e Te Whare Wānanga kia whakatūria he horopaki ko te reo Māori te reo kōrero, ā, ka whai hua anō hoki ngā tikanga Māori.
- Me whakarite e Te Whare Wānanga ngā tikanga whakahaere mō te whaka Māori me te whakapākehā reo. Mā te Komiti Tūturu mō Te Reo Māori a te Kāhui Hanga Ture Mātauranga o Te Whare Wānanga ēnei tikanga whakahaere e whakarite.
- Mehemea kei te mōhio ētahi kaimahi o Te Whare Wānanga ki te kōrero Māori, me whakamahi tēnei pūkenga hei painga mō ngā ākonga Māori me te whakatairanga o te reo.
- Kei te whāia kahatia ngā tāngata matatau ki te kōrero Māori e te tokomaha hei kaimahi. Ko te whakaaro me mahi ngātahi Te Whare Wānanga me Te Taura Whiri i te Reo Māori kia anga mai ai, kia puritia mai ai tēnei momo tangata, ā, me whakarite ētahi whakamātautau hei aro matawai i te mōhio o te tangata ki te reo Māori ā mua o te tau 2004. Me whakamana tēnei pūkenga ki te utu e tika ana mō te taumata tohungatanga hei pupuri kaimahi, hei kimi kaimahi.
- Ka whakatūria he tikanga whakahaere mō te aro matawai i roto i te reo Māori o ngā ākonga mō te wā whakamātau o te tau 2003. Me whakamōhio ā-tuhituhi mai ngā ākonga katoa e hiahia ana ki te tuhi i ā rātou whakamātautau, i ā rātou mahi rānei, tētahi wāhanga rānei o aua mahi, i roto i te reo Māori, tae atu ki ngā mahi rangahau me ngā tuhinga whakapae, ki te Kaiwhakahaere o Te Wāhanga Whakahaere mō Ngā ākonga.
- Me tono mai ngā ākonga o Te Tohu Kairangi kia whakaaetia e te Komiti Whakahaere o te Tohu Kairangi mehemea he hiahia tō rātou ki te tuhi i ā rātou pukapuka whakapae i roto i te reo Māori. Kia neke atu i te ono marama tēnei tono mai ā mua o te tuku mai i te pukapuka whakapae. Ki te hiahiatia kia whakapākehātia, mā te ākonga te whakapākehātanga e whakarite, e whakamana hoki. Ko te whakaaro kia whakatūria he tikanga whakahaere e tika ana e te Komiti Whakahaere o te Tohu Kairangi me ngā Wāhanga Mātauranga e whā i te tau 2003 kia taea ai e ngā ākonga ā rātou tuhinga roa, tuhinga whakapae rānei te tuhi ki te reo Māori. Ki te hiahiatia he whakapākehātanga i te tau 2003, mā te ākonga tonu e utu.
Te Whakatairanga i ngā Tikanga Māori
E whakaaetia ana e Te Whare Wānanga ko Ngāi Tahu te mana whenua o ngā peka e rua o Te Whare Wānanga ki Te Wai Pounamu. E whakaaetia ana anō hoki e Te Whare Wānanga ko Ngāti Toa me Te āti Awa te tangata whenua kei te wāhi o Te Whare Wānanga kei reira, ā, ko Ngāti Whātua te tangata whenua kei Tāmaki-makau-rau. Kei aua iwi te mana whakahaere i ngā tikanga o aua wāhanga o Te Whare Wānanga. Me kōrero te Kāhui Hanga Ture Mātauranga o Te Whare Wānanga ki te Komiti mō Te Tiriti o Waitangi, ā, mā taua komiti e whakatau me pēhea ngā tikanga Māori ka whakamahia e Te Whare Wānanga.
Mā te whai pānga o ngā tikanga Māori ki roto i ngā mahi o Te Whare Wānanga ka whakamanahia te āhua tikanga-rua o Aotearoa, ā, tāpiri atu ki tēnā ka manaakitia te hunga mahi me ngā ākonga Māori e Te Whare Wānanga.
E herea ana tēnā reo, tēnā reo ki ngā tikanga a ngā iwi e kōrero ana i aua reo. E tautoko ana Te Whare Wānanga kia haria ngā tikanga Māori e tika ana. Anei ētahi āhuatanga ka taea ngā tikanga Māori te hari hei tauira:
- te whakatau i ngā manuhiri, ā, me whakatau i runga i ngā tikanga Māori mehemea he Māori kei roto i te ope;
- te uiui i ngā tāngata kua tono mai mō ngā tūranga mahi, ā, me whakatau i runga i ngā tikanga Māori mehemea he Māori te kaitono;
- te tā i te kawa o ngā whare hou; me
- ngā hui.
Whakaakona ai ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki ēnei e Te Wāhanga Whakapakari i Te Whare Wānanga. Mā te Kaitohutohu Kaupapa Māori o Te Whare Wānanga anō hoki e tohutohu me pēhea ngā tikanga Māori.
Ngā Kupu Tāpiri
- Fishman, J.A. 1980. Minority language maintenance and the ethnic mother tongue school. Modern Language Journal. Pukapuka 64, Nama 2, whārangi 167
- Te Reo Māori Report whārangi 34
- Te Ture o te Reo Māori 1987
- whārangi 2
- E whai mai ana ēnei whāinga i ngā whāinga mō te reo Māori kua whakatakotoria e te Kāwanatanga kua tāia i roto i te pukapuka Mātātupu. Te Whanga-nui-a-Tara: Te Puni Kōkiri, whārangi 5 - 6.
- Ka taea te tono mai he kape o ngā tikanga tuhituhi nei i Te Taura Whiri i the Reo Māori, i Te Tumu rānei.


text:
ʻO ka quartz ka mineral nui loa i ka pahu honua, ʻike ʻia ia e kona ʻano, ʻano a me nā kala, nā mea e nani a waiwai loa hoʻi. Ma muli o kona ākea a me nā ʻano, he laulā kona ʻano o nā noi. Aia he ʻokoʻa ʻano o ka quartz a he ʻano ʻokoʻa ko lākou hoʻohana ʻana i ka waihoʻoluʻu a me ka haku mele i loaʻa iā lākou.
No laila, e hoʻolaʻa mākou i kēia ʻatikala e haʻi iā ʻoe i nā ʻano ʻano quartz i kū i ka honua a he aha ko lākou ʻano nui.
ʻO
He aha kaʻoihana?
Aia ka Quartz i hoʻokahi ʻāpana silica gel a ʻelua mau ʻāpana oxygen. Ma muli o kā lākou haku mele ʻana, kūpaʻa loa lākou a loaʻa iā lākou nā waiwai e hoʻolilo i kēia mineral i mea kūpono no nā hāmeʻa e like me nā uaki a i ʻole nā mīkini lawe uila pinepine. Manaʻo ʻia nō hoʻi kēia mau pōhaku i ka hoʻōla, ka pale ʻana, a me ka hiki ke hoʻomalu ikehu. ʻO nā kamaʻāina kahiko e like me ko ʻAigupita, ua hoʻohana ka Aztecs a me ko Roma iā ia i nā mea hoʻonani a me nā amulets no ka mea ua manaʻoʻiʻo lākou he mana ka e hoʻōla i ke kino a me ka noʻonoʻo a pale i ka ikehu maikaʻi ʻole.
ʻIke ʻia ʻo Quartz ma kahi o ka honua a hele mai i nā kala like ʻole. Kūleʻa lākou mai ka aniani a hiki i ka opaque āpau, a ua manaʻo ʻia kēlā me kēia he ʻano ʻokoʻa.
Wahi a kāna ʻano, aia kekahi mau ʻano quartz, ʻoiai ʻo ka amethyst, citrine a me ka quartz milky, ka mea i manaʻo nui ʻia i ka gemology. He aha hou aʻe, Aia kekahi mau ʻano o ka quartz i manaʻo ʻia he pōhaku makamae me ka hoʻemi haʻahaʻa. ʻO ka maʻamau, hoʻolaha ʻia kēia mau mea e like me kā lākou ʻano o nā crystallites, ʻo ia hoʻi, ko lākou kala. ʻO kekahi o nā mea maʻamau ʻo:
- ʻO ka quartz keʻokeʻo Milky, translucent a aneane opaque paha.
- Aniani uahi, aniani moakaka a me nā kani hina.
- ʻO ka quartz Citrine, melemele i ka ʻalani māmā.
- Amethyst, poni ʻoi aku a i ʻole hohonu.
- ʻO ka quartz Rose, ma muli o ke kū o ka aluminika.
Nā ʻano o nā ʻano o ka quartz
Ma waena o nā ʻano maʻamau i waena o nā ʻano quartz āpau i loaʻa iā mākou i kēia mau mea:
- No ka papa o nā silicates ke aniani quartz, ʻoi loa i nā tectosilicates.
- Kūlike kona ʻano kemika maʻemaʻe me ka silikone dioxide (SiO2), kahi ʻāpana silikone a ʻelua mau ʻāpana oxygen.
- Hoʻohālikelike ʻia e kona kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe Mohs o 7.
- ʻO kona mānoanoa a kikoʻī kikoʻī paha e like loa me ka awelika waiwai o ka honua, e oscillating ana ma waena o 2,6 a me 2,7 gram i kēlā me kēia kenimika.
- He ʻōnaehana aniani nui kāna e kūlike i ka ʻōnaehana aniani hexagonal.
- ʻO kona ʻālohilohi e like loa me nā aniani aniani.
- ʻO ka diaphanous a i ʻole ka transparency translucent a aniani moakaka, i hiki ai i ka māmā ke hele ma waena o ke kīʻaha.
- ʻO ka hope, ʻaʻohe waihoʻoluʻu a ʻole ʻole ke kala onionio.
Nā ʻano o ka quartz
Hoʻohālikelike nā ʻano o ka quartz i nā ʻano quartz āpau, ʻo ka mea ʻokoʻa wale nō ka ʻokoʻa o nā impurities o ke kinikona o ka aniani, akā koe nō ke ʻano kemika maoli o ka quartz (SiO2). Hāʻawi ka ʻokoʻa o kēia ʻano kemika i ka quartz i nā kala like ʻole.
ʻO ka quartz crystalline
ʻO ka quartz crystalline nā ʻano like a pau o ka quartz, ʻike ʻia lākou me nā aniani i hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia a me nā ʻāpana i ʻike ʻia, ʻo ia hoʻi, ma aneʻi hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike maopopo i ke ʻano o ka quartz a me kāna mau ʻano āpau.
ʻO nā laʻana maʻamau o kēia pūʻulu he aniani nā pōaka (nā pōhaku pōhaku), nā huna huna kini i loaʻa i ka granite a me ka pōhaku one, a me ka quartz i loaʻa i nā uaua.
Cryptocrystalline a i ʻole microcrystalline
Hoʻokumu ʻia kēia hui e nā minelala quartz, i haku ʻia me nā crystals quartz microscopic, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia kēia mau aniani i ka maka maka ʻole, akā hana pū lākou i kahi ʻano quartz microcrystalline. Kāhea ʻia kēia hui ʻo chalcedony.
Ke kumu a me ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā pōhaku
ʻO ka quartz ka mineral nui loa i ka iwi honua, ʻo ia ke kumu e hoʻohana ākea ʻia ai i ka ʻōnaehana hoʻonohonoho o nā pōhaku igneous, nā pōhaku sedimentary a me nā pōhaku metamorphic. ʻO kona kumu, genesis a me kāna hoʻokumu ʻana i ka nui o ka nohona pili honua e pili ana iā ia. ʻIke ʻia ka quartz e hana ana i ka pōhaku e hui pū me ka nui o nā minelala i loko o nā ʻano pōhaku like ʻole, e lilo ana i ʻāpana o kā lākou haku mele a me nā ʻano pōhaku.
I nā pōhaku igneous, crystallize ka quartz hohonu i ka magma a lilo i ʻāpana o ka granite, diorite, granodiorite, etc. Hiki ke crystallized nā ʻano crystallite quartz mai ka hōʻoluʻolu koke ʻana o ka pele a me nā mea pyroclastic, no ka laʻana, ʻO ka quartz kahi ʻāpana o rhyolite, pumice a dacite paha. ʻO ka hope loa i las rocas sedimentarias los granos de cuarzo van e hele mai ka disgregación, meteorización, erosión i lawe ʻia ma laila desde otro tipo de rocas hasta e kūlike i ka nueva roca sedimentaria.
Quartz Hydrothermal
Quartz Hydrothermal he ʻano quartz crystallized mai ka silikone dioxide i nā wai hydrothermal, a pili nui ʻia i kekahi ʻano o nā waihona mineral a i ʻole nā hydrothermal veins a i ʻole nā waihona mineral i ke ʻano o nā veins. ʻO ka hapanui o kēia mau ʻāpana quartz hoihoi no ka ʻimi ʻāina hoʻoulu honua ʻana no ka mea hiki iā lākou ke komo i nā metala hoihoi e like me ke gula, ke kālā, a me ka zinc.
ʻO ka quartz Hydrothermal kahi hui pū ʻia o ka magma i loaʻa ka wai a me nā aniani e like me ka pele. Hoʻomaka kēia hana mai ke kiʻekiʻe wela a me ke kaomi ma lalo o ka honua, a hiki i ka wai ke hoʻoheheʻe i nā minela ʻokoʻa. Ke emi nei ka mahana o ka magma, ʻo ke koena o ka quartz a me ka wai, e kahe ana kēia hopena ma nā māwae i ka pōhaku e pili ana. kahi e anuanu ai a hoʻomaka e paʻa wikiwiki.
Hiki i kēia hana ke hana i nā crystals quartz nani, a me nā aniani o garnet, calcite, sphalerite, tourmaline, galena, pyrite, a me ke kālā a me ke gula. ʻO kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona maopopo loa o kēia ʻano amethyst, kahi quartz microcrystalline poni. Hiki ke ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ke kala, kaukaʻi ʻia i ka nui o ka hao (Fe + 3) i loaʻa i loko. Hoʻokumu ʻia kēia i nā hono o kahi hopena i waiwai i ka hao hao. ma nā mahana ma lalo o 300 ° C, e hōʻike lākou i kahi waihoʻoluʻu poni.
Lana koʻu manaʻo me kēia ʻike hiki iā ʻoe ke aʻo hou aʻe e pili ana i nā ʻano quartz a me ko lākou ʻano.


text:
ʻO ka National Property Administration System (SINAP) kahi papahana ʻenehana e hoʻohui i nā ʻike āpau e pili ana i ka waiwai kino a me ka rula o ka lāhui, kahi e hoʻopaʻa ai nā mea hana lehulehu a me nā pilikino a me nā kānaka āpau i nā hana āpau e pili ana i nā waiwai waiwai. waiwai, pono no ke kumukānāwai a me ka dynamization o kahi mākeke kūʻai.
ʻO ke kiʻi ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau, ʻike ʻo ia ia ma kahi ʻē, no ka mea he honi nui i hana i kekahi lā aʻu i hana ai i koʻu wā leʻaleʻa e pili ana LADM, i kekahi o nā hōʻikeʻike ma Amsterdam, ma laila ʻo 2012.
Ua hānau ʻia a hana ʻia ʻo SINAP ma Honduras i kahi manawa 2002-2005, i loko o ke kiʻina o kahi Polokalamu Hoʻokele ʻĀina, e like me nā mea e hana like nei i kēlā manawa i nā ʻāina he nui ma lalo o ke kākoʻo kālā o ka World Bank. ʻAʻole ia i hānau ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻohihi extraterrestrial, aia ke kumu i loko o nā theical classical e kākoʻo ana i nā hiʻohiʻona hoʻomohala, kahi o nā mea alakaʻi no ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā mākeke, ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, ka ho'ēmi i nā kumukūʻai hanan (nū ʻūmaʻa, waiwai waiwai, nā ʻenehana a me ke kapuwai) a ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe o ka ho'ēmi i nā uku kālepa. No laila, hāʻawi ʻia i ka paʻakikī o ka hōʻemi ʻana i nā kumukūʻai hana i kahi ʻāina kūkulu, ʻo ka nui o ka SINAP e hōʻemi i nā kumukūʻai kūʻai a me nā manawa.
ʻAʻole ʻo SINAP kahi lako kamepiula, akā kahi hoʻonohonoho e pili ana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻenehana, ka hoʻohui ʻana o nā mea hana kino i pili i ka hoʻokele o nā ʻāina a me ka maʻalahi o nā kaʻina kumu e pili ana i nā kuʻuna o nā ao ma nā kūlana a me ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā ʻikepili ʻike a me nā kamaʻilio.
Ke kuhi ʻia ʻo SINAP, lawa ka akāka e hoʻokō wale ana i kahi ʻenehana, me ka ʻole o ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā mea e pili ana i ke kānāwai a me nā ʻoihana, ua like ia me ke kau ʻana i nā pne i ka lio, ma kahi o ka hoʻolālā ʻana i kahi kaʻa hou. No laila, hele pū ka hoʻolālā me kahi loli radical e komo pū me ka hana ʻana i nā kānāwai hou e like me ke Law Law and the Land Management Law; Ma lalo o kēia kumumanaʻo kū kānāwai, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka Institute Institute, nāna e hoʻohui pū i ka Regist Registrement (na ka Supreme Court of Justice), ka National Cadastre (ʻo ia ka Executive Directorate e pili ana i ka Pelekikena) a me ka National Geographic Institute ( i hilinaʻi ʻia ma ke Kuhina o nā Hana Hou a me nā Kaʻa.
Ua hoʻokumu ʻia kēia papa hou me ka Luna Hoʻokō o nā Registries, he Luna Hoʻokele o Cadastre a me Geography, a me kahi Luna Hoʻokele o ka Regularization, ma lalo o kahi optika i manaʻo ʻia i waho o nā kaina ma o nā ʻAna i Hui ʻia i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e nā munila a i ʻole nā hui o lalo o ka hui kūʻokoʻa a ka lehulehu.
Ua hānau ʻia ʻo SINAP ma lalo o ka Model Cadastre Domain Model (CCDM), he palapala i kēlā manawa he mea pōkole ʻo Christiaan Lemmen a me nā geofumadas ʻē aʻe i ʻimi e hoʻokumu pono i ke ala o Cadastre 2014.
Ua lilo ka CCDM ma 2012 ka LADM (ISO-19152), akā ma ia manawa (2002) ua mākaukau ʻia ka manaʻo no ka maʻalahi o nā mea i loko o ka noho ʻāina ʻana i nā pilina maʻalahi o ke kānāwai, Hoʻopilikia a me nā kuleana (RRR ) ma waena o nā mea makemake (Party) a me nā mea hoʻopaʻa inoa (BAUnits), me ka cadastre e like me ka spatial reference o nā mea a me ka pahu kiʻi i mau mea pili i ke kānāwai lehulehu e pili ana i ke kānāwai pilikino.
ʻO kēia ka hoʻolālā kumumanaʻo SINAP i ka makahiki 2004; me nā ʻōnaehana transactional i kēlā manawa, i hoʻokumu ʻia ai: SINIMUN no nā kalaka, INTUR no ka ʻāpana lawena, SINIA no ka ʻona, SNGR no ka hoʻokele waiwai ʻana, CIEF no ka ʻoihana ululāʻau a me INFOAGRO no ka ʻāina mahiai.
ʻO ka logo ma ka ʻākau ka mea aʻu e hoʻolālā hou ai i ka makahiki 2012, e mālama nei i ka ʻike o ka mea e noho nei. I ka pōkole, ʻo SINAP kahi paepae e hoʻohui i nā ʻōnaehana nui ʻehā ma lalo iki:
Ka ʻifiedlelo o ka Pūnaewele Hoʻohui.
Hoʻopili kēia ʻōnaehana, i waena o nā moʻolelo ʻē aʻe, nā waiwai waiwai a me ka papa inoa cadastral e like me ka maoli like. ʻO ka manaʻo o nā ʻāpana cadastral kahi holoi holoʻokoʻa o ka ʻāina, nā pono pilikino ʻelua e pili ana i nā mahiʻai i hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia ma lalo o ke ʻano folio maoli, a me nā waiwai o ka lehulehu e like me nā alanui a me nā kahawai e pili ana i ka folio hoʻomalu. Hoʻohui ʻia, ʻike ʻia nā ʻāpana e like me ka hopena o ka intersect i kaumaha ʻia e ka cartography e pili ana i nā kānāwai lehulehu, a me nā wahi kaiāulu, nā wahi pale, nā wahi moʻolelo, a pēlā aku.
ʻAʻole komo ka SURE i ka waiwai maoli; he agnostic e hoʻohui malie i nā waiwai like ʻole o ka lāhui; pili i kēia manawa waiwai, waiwai, mana noʻonoʻo a me veh veh.
ʻO ka ʻōnaehana ʻikepili moku'āina (SINIT)
Kākau inoa kēia ʻōnaehana a paʻi i nā ʻike kope a pau i hana ʻia e nā ʻoihana like ʻole i ka ʻāina a hana i nā lawelawe i hoʻohui ʻia i waiwai e hoʻolako ʻia i nā mea hoʻohana ma lalo o ka ʻōnaehana wānana like. Hoʻolaha pū ʻia ia i ka ʻike spatial, hoʻokō i ke kuleana o kahi waihona ʻike e hōʻalo ai i ka nalo ʻana o ka ʻike i hana ʻia e nā keʻena lehulehu a lawelawe pū ʻia ma ke ʻano he node paʻi puke no ka poʻe i ʻaʻohe pono kūpono e lawelawe i ka ʻike a lākou i hana ai.
Palapala Kūlana Mana Kūlana Mana Kūʻai (RENOT)
He papa inoa kēia e hoʻohui i nā rula āpau i loaʻa nā ʻano o ka hopena a i ʻole ke kūleʻa i ka hoʻohana, ka ʻāina a i ʻole ka hana o nā kipi. Pili ke kumu o kēia papa inoa me ke Kanawai Rula Teritori, e ʻimi nei i nā papa kānāwai a me nā lula no ka lehulehu e hana ʻia e nā ʻoihana ʻokoʻa e hiki ke hoʻokō a hōʻike ʻia e like me nā hopena i nā ʻāpana i ke kūkā a me ka palapala cadastral, a ʻo nā ka mālama ʻana i nā kaʻina hana a i ʻole nā palapala hōʻoia i nā waiwai o ka Kakau Waiwai.
ʻOiai ka loli ʻana o nā akua akua o RENOT i nā manawa like ʻole, e hoʻomau ko lākou manaʻo i ka ʻōlelo no nā palapala i paʻi ʻia. ho? i o ka ʻaha lehulehu i loko o nā waiwai pilikino »
Ka National Spatial Data Infrastructure (INDES)
ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole maʻalahi nā mea āpau e hoʻokō. I ka 2002 ke kumuhana o Spatial Data Infrastructure kahi ʻano mua loa, ma ka liʻiliʻi i kēia mau ʻāina kahi e hāʻawi ai nā mana ʻoihana a me nā mōhai aʻo o nā kula. I kēlā manawa ua kapa ʻia ka ʻehā o nā ʻōnaehana ʻo Clearinghouse, kahi manawa he kanawalukū makahiki e hoʻomanaʻo iā mākou i nā ʻenekini huli metadata kaulana. No ka makahiki e pono ai wau e hoʻomaopopo hou iā ia, kāhea mākou iā ia ʻo National Spatial Data Infrastructure (INDES).
Ua waiwai paha ka SINAP?
Ua hōʻike ʻia ʻo SINAP i nā pōʻaiapili like ʻole, ʻoiai i koʻu manaʻo ponoʻī, ʻeha ia mai nā mea kākau e makemake e haʻi i kāna mau pono ma lalo o kahi ʻano aloha ʻāina. No kahi uahi i hānau ʻia mai ka ʻōpala, ma ka pākaukau kīʻaha a me nā kīʻaha kope, i kahi ʻāina me nā pilikia o ka palaho a me ka patronage politika e like me nā ʻāina he nui me ka pōʻaiapani Hispanic, he papahana hiʻohiʻona ʻo SINAP ma nā ʻano he nui. ʻO nā ʻōnaehana ʻehā, ʻo SURE ka mea i loaʻa nā kūlana hoʻomau ʻoi loa, ʻoiai ʻo ka hoʻomohala ʻia i hana ʻia i loko o kahi manawa e like me ke ʻano o ka obsessive o nā kūpuna a no ka mea pili lākou i ka hana ʻino ʻana i nā mua lobbying no nā kānāwai hou a me ka hoʻololi o ke keʻena. ka mea maʻalahi ʻole (ʻaʻole hoʻi e koi ʻia) e hoʻokō i kekahi ʻāina; ʻoiai no kēia mea ua lele lākou i nā mea keakea e like me ka hoʻopā ʻole ʻana i ke code sivila (kahi o kēia mau lā e hala ai ka bila), a me nā hanana palena palena ʻole i ka ʻoihana Cadastre-Registry, ʻoiai ua hoʻopili ʻia i nā ʻoihana hōʻoia.
Ma nā ʻōlelo o ka ulu kālā ua nui nā paʻakikī, ʻoiai ka hana hope o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka Polokalamu, ka nele o nā hana kūwaho a me kahi hui kipi ʻole o nā limahana i ʻakaʻaka i nā manawa nui loa o ka Institute Institute; Eia nō naʻe, ʻae ʻo SURE e like me kahi ʻenehana kūpono ʻae i ka mahalo e hiki ai iā ia ke hoʻomau i ka hana me he kahua paʻa.
ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ka polokalamu manuahi no kēlā manawa me ka optic optics, no laila he mea pono e hoʻohana i ka nui o ka ʻenehana proprietary, e hāʻawi i kahi hoʻohālike:
- Ka hoʻomoe ʻia ka leo kīʻaha ʻana i ka VBA, mai ka papa inoa inoa lehulehu loa, a hiki i ka hoʻoilina moʻolelo ʻana o ke DGN V8, me ka mana hoʻomana e nānā me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ProjectWise,
- Ma o kahi mea ʻike pūnaewele ma ka maʻiXXX, ua noi nā mea hoʻohana o nā kūloko i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka hoʻohana ʻana me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka DGN redline, GeoWeb Publisher a me ka Pūnaewele mea hoʻohana.
- Hiki i ka hanauna o nā palapala kadastral ke hana ʻia mai ka mea kūʻai ʻo Microstation Geographics, ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka palapala palapala, ka data cadastral a me ka papa kuhikuhi ma o ke koho ʻana i ke kī a ka cadastral; ʻOiai ma ka pūnaewele hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana o GeoWeb Publisher, i hoʻokahi a i ʻole ka hapa nui, e hana ana i nā faila PDF i loaʻa nā alphanumeric a me nā ʻikepili kiʻi.
- Ua hoʻolilo ʻia ka scan a me ka huki ʻana i nā puke hoʻopaʻa inoa me nā noi automated i hoʻololi ai i kēia hana paʻakikī i kahi kaʻina hana maquila, kahi i hana ʻia ma hope o nā ʻoihana pilikino.
- Hoʻokumu ʻia ka pūnaewele transactional i ka palapala kadastral a me ka folio maoli.
ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻia paha o ia mau ʻenehana, nā mea hoʻohana a pau a me kēlā pae o ka hana automation i loaʻa iā ia ka makana BeAwards i ka makahiki 2004 (i kēia lā BeInspired), i ka mahele hoʻokele kaiapuni a me ka 2005 i ka mahele Aupuni. Akā ʻo ka hoʻāʻo waikawa ka manawa ma 2006 pono ʻo ia e kū i kahi hoʻololi politika me kahi pāʻina ʻē aʻe a me kēlā mau hana kuʻuna o ka politika patronage a me ka makemake e holoi i nā mea āpau a hoʻomaka mai ka wanaʻao.
I kekahi kakahiaka hele akula lākou me kahi kaila kūwaho (kahi hou i kēlā manawa), e ʻōlelo e mālama lākou i ka Unified Record System ma kēlā pā disk.
I kekahi kakahiaka aʻe, ua noi kekahi i ka hoʻokele o ka mea hoʻohana luna hōkeoʻikepili. Ma hope o ʻelua mau lā poina iā ia ka ʻōlelo huna, a he mea pono i kēlā me kēia lā ʻekolu e hoʻomaka i ka waihona pūnaewele ma hope o nā kākoʻo automate i ke aumoe, ʻoiai i kēlā manawa ʻaʻohe virtualization kikowaena a mālama ʻia kahi kope i ka wā e hana ʻia ana ka papaʻa. papaʻa ma waena o 12 i ka pō a me 6 i ke kakahiaka.
Ua hoʻomaka nā mea kākau inoa i hoʻohana mua i ka ʻōnaehana, a laila ʻike ke keiki ua ʻo ke ʻōnaehana ʻoi aku ka mea ʻoi aku o nā kaha kiʻi e hoʻowalewale i ka PowerPoint Present.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, mai nā kuhi hewa i hana ʻia, ʻoi aku nā haʻawina kūpono i hiki i nā mea hoʻohana ʻē aʻe i komo ke haʻi i ka pae o ka manaʻo, hoʻolālā, hoʻomohala, palapala, hoʻokō a me ka institusionalization. Ke hoʻololi hou kahi ʻōnaehana, a he poʻe ka poʻe, komo nā manawa kūpono ma hope o kēia ʻike i ko lākou ola, ma mua o ka ʻike i loaʻa.
ʻO ka mea hiki ʻole ke hōʻole ʻia e pili ana i kā Honduras kūpaʻa, me SINAP, ʻo ia i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, ʻaʻole i loli ka ʻike mua. Ua ola ka ʻōnaehana i ʻekolu mau manawa o ke aupuni, me kahi coup (2009); i kēia manawa aia nā hiki āpau o ka holomua, akā ʻo ka hoʻopili ʻana i ke kumumanaʻo o ka manaʻo maʻamau he mea nui «inā ʻoe e hoʻolako nei i kahi ʻōnaehana nui, e holo wikiwiki a paʻa«; ke makemake ʻia e hoʻi i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā puke, pale aku nā mea hoʻohana like iā ia. I kēia manawa, 16 o nā ʻāpana hoʻopaʻa inoa 24, i hana mua ma ka ʻōnaehana, ua hōʻano hou ʻia. I ka 2013, ua hoʻolālā ʻia kahi hoʻolālā e neʻe i kahi papahana hou i kēlā mau hana āpau i hoʻemi ʻia, hoʻohui i nā polokalamu hāmama e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka hoʻomau ʻana, a me nā hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka ʻoihana ʻoihana e hoʻomākaukau iā ia no ka hoʻopili ʻana o kahi mea pilikino, me ka lawe ʻia o ka LADM hae a ʻEnehana blockChain no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka ʻikepili. ʻO kekahi o nā hoʻohui nui ʻia he pūʻulu i ka puʻuwai kikowaena, i hoʻokō ʻia mai nā mea hoʻouluulu, no laila inā i hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia kahi geometry hou me ka loulou normative (e like me kahi wahi pale hou), hoʻopili wale ʻia nā cadastre Parcels a ʻike ʻia he ʻano pale i nā māla Registri; Hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻenehana kūmole e like me OpenLayers, GeoServer a me GeoNetwork e pani ai iā GeoWeb Publisher a me BentleyMap e pani i nā Microstation Geographics; no nā kaona, hoʻomohala ʻia nā lawelawe pūnaewele e hana ma o WFS ma kahi plugin QGIS.
Ma ka papa ʻōlelo ma lalo nei ua hana wau i ke ala manawa SINAP, ka mea e ʻimi ai i ka lanakila i ʻelua hoʻolaha ʻana o Cadastre 2014 ʻaʻole i lanakila ʻia: ʻo ka ʻāpana pilikino a me ka lehulehu e hana pū, kahi e alakaʻi nei i kahi noi kolohe ʻole no ka hui lehulehu-pilikino a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻike ʻoihana e hiki ai ke loaʻa hou nā kumukūʻai.
Ma lalo o ka hihiʻo hou, ʻaʻole pono hou nā ʻōnaehana SINIT a me RENOT ma ke ʻano he mau ʻōnaehana hou aʻe, e like me ka ʻōlelo a nā palena ʻenehana a me nā hoʻopiʻi mana o 2004. ʻO SINIT wale nō kahi papa inoa hou o SURE (The Cartographic Registry) a me RENOT ka Normative Registry; ke hoʻomau ʻia nei ka ʻōnaehana hou; Hōʻike ka kiʻi ma lalo i kekahi o kāu hana ʻenehana.
Inā hoʻomau nā mea i ka wikiwiki o kēia manawa, hiki i SINAP ke hoʻokō i kāna manaʻo i hoʻomaka ʻia ma lalo o ka manaʻo o Associated Centers; ʻo ke Kakau inoa a me Cadastre wale nō nā mea hoʻoponopono i loko o a ʻōnaehana kikowaena i hana ʻia ma lalo o kahi papa hana o mua-ʻoihana.
No laila ua kuleana nā aliʻi no ka hoʻopili o ka kadastral a me ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā lawelawe e pili ana i ka hana ʻana; I kēia manawa, ua hoʻokau ʻia kekahi mau kūlanakauhale i lalo o kahi kumumanaʻo, ke hana paʻa nei nā ʻoihana kūloko e kekahi mau panana, e like me nā keʻena peripheral, a me ka Mercantile Registry e hana ʻia ana e ka Chamber of Commerce a me ka poʻe koho e hana hou aku ma mua o kēlā.
ʻO ka mea nāwaliwali nui loa o SINAP no kahi manawa lōʻihi, ka nele o nā mea haku mele e ʻōlelo ana i kona hiki mai nā pae manaʻo, ʻenehana a me nā ʻenehana. Minamina, ke noʻonoʻo nei ʻo ia paha ka hae i hana mua ʻia o LADM, ma mua o kahi kūlana (CCDM); pono e lawe nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe e like me Colombia, kahi i kū ʻole ai kēia ʻano hanohano a hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o nā kulekele lehulehu, e like me ka hōʻike i ka ʻĀʻālua 3859.
ʻO nā haʻawina i aʻo ʻia mai SINAP ma ka liʻiliʻi he 8, a waiwai nui… ʻoiai he ʻāpana o kēlā uahi he mea waiwai. Aia he manawa e kamaʻilio ai e pili ana, hauʻoli hopena o ka makahiki 2016.


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10 o Nga Hua Nui mo nga Kaiohauru YouTube Koreutu
Ko nga mea pai o te ao kaore he utu; me te pikinga ake o nga papaaho pāpori, he aha te mea pai ake i nga kaiohautu YouTube koreutu? Kaati, ka taea pea e koe te whakaingoa i etahi mea pai ake; engari ko te mea ke, ko to whai i runga i nga papanga papaaho, penei i a YouTube, kua nui haere i roto i te ao o enei ra."He nui rawa atu nga korero a YouTube. Ana he mea ke ma te katoa. Ana ka tae mai nga taangata ki ahau i nga wa katoa ka korero mai ki ahau mo te ahua o te panoni a YouTube i to raatau ao, me te aha i taea ai e raatau te ako i tetahi mea kaore i whakaarohia ka taea e raatau te ako. " –Susan Wojcicki
E rima piriona. Koina te maha o nga riipene YouTube i tohaina ki runga ki te papaanga tae noa ki tenei ra. Mai i te orokohanganga mai i te Hui-tanguru 14th, 2005, ko te kaupapa tiritiri ataata rongonui te haere tonu ki te kukume i nga kaiwhakamahi hou e whakaputa ana i nga korero me te tere whakaharahara. Ko te aroha o te ao ki a YouTube ehara na te mea i hangaia i te ra o Valentine, heoi. He maama noa ki te maarama he aha i waiho ai hei taonga nui ma nga kaiwhakamahi ki te hono tonu me te noho maarama.
Inaa hoki, e ai ki te Pew Research Center, neke atu i te 20% o nga kaiwhakamahi pakeke i kii kei te whakamahi ratou i a YouTube hei puna korero mo nga purongo. Koina a YouTube hei papanga pāpāho pāpori e tino whakamahia ana mo nga purongo, kei muri i a Facebook, e 43% o nga kaiwhakamahi pakeke e kii ana i a raatau korero. He aha atu, hei ki ta Omnicore, 75% o nga mano tau ka hiahia ki te matakitaki i nga riipene YouTube ki te matakitaki pouaka whakaata tuku iho.
He aha te take, mai i te iwi e puta ai o raatau korero, me mahi me nga akonga YouTube koreutu? Ana, he mea pai kia aata mohio ki te paanga o YouTube ki ta tatou ahurea, me te ahuatanga o te ahurea ki te tuku korero. Ma tenei mohiotanga, ka taea e koe te toro atu ki te hunga whakarongo.
Ko nga tatauranga e whakaatu ana he tokomaha tonu te hunga e huri ana ki nga papanga penei i a YouTube ki te ako mo nga mahi o te ao, engari kaore e mutu i reira. Kei te ako nga kaiwhakamahi YouTube i nga momo korero katoa mo te whakauru i nga taamahi maamaa, tae atu ki te pehea o te whakaniko. Engari inaianei, nui atu i era atu, kei te maataki nga kaiwhakamahi i nga ataata YouTube ki te ako mo nga pakihi me nga waitohu.
He waahi pai hei whakatairanga i to kamupene. Ko nga korero pakiwaitara e whakaatu ana i te kohinga pai o nga korero me nga whakangahau, me nga riipene ataata hei kawe i nga korero maha i roto i te waa poto rawa. Na roto i a YouTube, me whakaatu e koe ki to hunga whakarongo te tirohanga motuhake ki to ahurea kamupene me te tohatoha i nga korero kaore i te waatea mai i te panui peitaa mamati ranei.
Ahakoa he pai a YouTube mo te hono atu ki nga kaihoko o naianei me nga kaihoko pea, me whakarite koe mo te whakataetae. Tata ki te 63% o nga umanga kua whakauru i a YouTube ki roto i a raatau rautaki hokohoko, ana ka piki haere ano taua nama.
Na te nui o nga korero ka uru ki roto i te papaanga i te wa kotahi, kaore e taea te tu atu. Tata ki te 300 haora te riipene ataata i tukuna i ia meneti. Mena ka mahi koe i te pangarau, neke atu i te 400,000 haora i te ra, tata ki te 158,000,000 haora ia tau. Ka pau i a koe te 18,000 tau e matakitaki ana i nga riipene YouTube hei whakaatu mo te 2018 anake. Tangohia te pikitia?
Kite koe kei hea tatou e haere ana i tenei; panuihia mo nga take nui e waru hei tiki kaiohauru koreutu i runga i YouTube.
Hangaia tetahi mea nui ake
Ko te take tuatahi ki te tiki kaiohauru kaore he tino tika - e hiahia ana koe ki te hanga i tetahi huarahi nui e whai ake nei! Ahakoa he kaiwhakamahi hou koe, akene kei i a koe tetahi teihana YouTube engari kei te raru koe ki te whaiwhai, ka taea e etahi ohauru taapiri te whakawhanake roa ki te whakakao kaha me te whai hauora.
Ko te algorithm o YouTube e manako ana ki nga hongere me te maha o nga kaitoha ma te whakaatu i o raatau korero ki te hunga whanui. Ma tenei ka pa he hukarere na te mea ka maha nga tangata e kite ana i to hongere, tera pea ka ohauru mai hoki raatau.
Kei te hiahia koe kia kitea koe i runga i etahi atu papanga papaaho
Ko te nuinga o nga papanga papaaho i reira ka taea te hono ngatahi mo ia kaiwhakamahi. Ma te mea ngawari ki te tohatoha i nga korero puta noa i nga papaaho, me te whakanui ake i te rahi o te hunga whakarongo. Mena he rongonui tetahi riipene ataata i runga i YouTube, he nui rawa te tupono ka tukuna e nga kaiohauru te riipene ataata ki etahi atu putea aapori. Ko te nuinga o nga kaitoha YouTube he maha ake nga taangata ka awhina pea ki te hora i o ataata ki etahi atu papa. Akuanei, kei te kitea te riipene ataata i nga waahi katoa, a ka taea pea e koe te uru atu ki te mate viral.
Haere Viral
Ko te moemoea o YouTuber katoa. Haere ki te viral, tirohia o kaupapa kia kite miriona, ka haere ki te hitori o YouTube me nga riipene ataata o to taima penei i a "Charlie Bit My Finger" me te "Harlem Shake." Akene he rite tonu ki te “15 meneti rongonui”, engari ko te mea ke, he maha nga kaihoko e tiro ana ki nga hua ka whakatau whakataunga hoko i muri i te ako ki a raatau i runga i nga papaaho pāpori.
I etahi wa he mea ngaro he aha i puta ai etahi mea hei whakapae, engari i te nuinga o te waa, ko nga riipene ataata kounga-nui me nga korero kaipatu ka kitea. Engari, ahakoa pehea te whakaemi i te whakaata o o riipene ataata, mena kaore he kaute ohauru tika, kaore e kore ka kite tetahi i o ataata. Ko te piki ake o nga kaitautoko, ko te mea ka whakaatuhia mai to hongere YouTube i roto i te maha atu o nga "kaupapa kua whakaarohia." Ka marere taua paanga hukarere, ana ka mohio koe kei te tohatohahia nga riipene ataata a to waitohu puta noa i te ao e te tini miriona taangata. Ko te whiwhi kaitoha YouTube koreutu te mahi tuatahi.
Whakaora mai i etahi riipene ataata kore rongonui
He rawe te papaho pāpori na te mea he reo ki te nuinga o te ao. Ka taea e te tangata te whakaputa i tona whakaaro me te paatene o te paatene. Engari me te pai, he kino ano, ka nui ake te kaha o nga kaiwhakamahi ki te waitohu mangai-kino me te ao katoa hei hunga whakarongo. Mena kua whiwhi koe i etahi korero kino kua kino i a koe nga riipene ataata, ma te whakanui i to kaute kaitoha e awhina ki te aukati i tenei
E kiia ana ko te tohu hapori, me te pehea e ako ai te tangata ki nga mea hei mahi me nga aha kaore e mahi. Ka nui te hiahia o nga taangata ki te pai ki tetahi mea e whakaarohia ana e etahi atu. Ko te ritenga ke ano hoki; ka whakatauhia e te tangata tetahi mea kino, kaore ranei e pai ki te kite ia i etahi atu kaore e whakaae ki a ia. Ko nga kaiohauru YouTube he rite ki nga pooti e pai ana ki a koe, whakaarohia he arotake pai. Ahakoa he riipene ataata kore pai to taere, engari he maha nga kaiohauru, ka kii etahi o nga kaiwhakamahi he rongonui to tohu, ka nui pea te muru i etahi o nga hiahia i konei me i kona.
Whakanuia te mana o to waitohu
Ko nga hongere YouTube me etahi ohauru noa he ahua hou. Ko nga umanga hou kei te kukume tonu i nga kaihoko na te mea e hiahia ana nga tangata katoa kia tuatahi ki te rapu i te waahi hou "it". Engari, i te otinga o te puehu ki te kore koe i hanga i tetahi raarangi kaitoha nui, ka whakaaro te iwi he raru kei to waitohu. Mena ka whakawhiwhia koe ki nga kaitautoko YouTube koreutu, ko te ahua o to waitohu kua roa ke e rongonui ai tona ingoa. Ma tenei ka tipu te whakawhirinaki me o kaihoko ka whakanui i to tupono ki te hoko atu i nga hua mo to umanga.
Me poipoi to whai YouTube e whai ake nei
He rite tonu ki tetahi hononga, ko te hanga i tetahi papaaho pāpori hauora e whai ake nei he mea nui. Te tikanga, ka whiwhi nga umanga i nga kaimahi tuuturu e whakahaere ana i a raatau putea aapori. Engari ko enei taangata kaore e mahi koreutu. Ka pau nga pakihi i nga mano tini taara hei utu i nga utu mo nga tau me nga hua, a ko nga kamupene hou me nga taha heu he angiangi te pupuri.
Ko te pupuri i te tino nui o te ao papaho he mahi mahi-tonu na te mea kaore i rahi te tuku riipene ataata ki YouTube mena ka hiahia koe kia kitea. He nui te waa me te kaha ki te kaha ki te tuku, toha, korero, penei, tiro, uru atu ki te hunga whakarongo, me te mea he tino tangata to pakihi. Engari ko tera hononga ainei te mea nui rawa atu te taonga a YouTube! Kaore he take o to pakihi kia tu ki YouTube; ma te aha noa e whakahaerea e koe taua kawenga.
Ka taea e koe te whakahaere i te kaupapa nui, engari he maha atu ano nga hiahia pakihi e hiahia ana koe kia aro atu koe. Ko te whiwhi i nga kaitoha YouTube koreutu te taumaha o te hanga i to aroaro YouTube mai i te wero mai i o pokohiwi. Ka taea e koe te okioki ngawari ma te mohio ka tiakina o akonga me te hoki ano ki te aro nui ki nga kaupapa pakihi tino nui.
Ka kitea teitei ake i nga rapunga
Kua korerohia e maatau mo te pai o te YouTube algorithm ki nga hongere me te maha o nga kaiohauru ma te whakaatu ki te hunga whanui. Ko tetahi waahanga o tenei e pa ana ki te waahi e kuhu ana enei ara ki nga rapunga. He penei tonu, me kii taau he wharekai e mohiotia ana mo te tunu i nga otaota hou. Mena he iti ake nga kaiohauru a to umanga 'YouTube channel' i te pune hinuhinu o te rohe, ka teitei ake a raatau riipene ataata i nga rapunga atu i a koe, ahakoa ka taea e to huamata o te takurua te whakarereke i nga kaikiko. Na, ahakoa te pai o o korero, me te tokoiti o nga kaiohauru ka raru pea koe ki te ngaro pakihi ki te tohu iti ake.
Kua whakapau kaha koe mo to pakihi, me te hiahia kia maumahara koe. Ko te tiki i nga kaitoha YouTube ka awhina i to tohu ki te tihi o te raarangi i roto i nga rapunga, me o tuhinga ki waho ake i te whakataetae.
He tinihanga rongonui i whakamahia e nga mano tini kaute
He taonga nui a YouTube mo nga kaihokohoko. Ko te whiwhi i nga kaitango hongere he rite ki te haina o te iwi ki te tiro i o hua ia ra ia ra. Ehara ko YouTube anake tetahi waahanga nui o tetahi rautaki hokohoko engari ko te whiwhi Kaiohauru YouTube koreutu tetahi o nga muna e tino puritia ana e te umanga. Ka miharo koe ki te maha o nga kaute kei reira me nga kaiohauru-kore me nga akonga. Ko nga tauira, taraiwa taraiwa, tae atu ki nga kaitorangapu, kua whiwhi katoa i ohauru YouTube mo a raatau kaute me te matakitaki kua piki haere te rongonui o te hongere i mua tonu i o raatau kanohi.
Ko te nuinga kua whiwhi nama koreutu mai i a Facebook. He rite tonu. Whakaarohia nga akonga kia rite ki te whakatairanga i te pou ki Facebook, ko enei e rua he tikanga pai mo te whakanui ake i o kaiohauru. Ko te rereketanga anake, ko te whakatairanga i nga pou i runga i a Facebook me etahi atu papanga he morearea no te mea kaore koe e tau ki te maha o nga kaitautoko, tae atu ki nga mahi whakauru noa.
Whakanuia nga whiwhinga pakihi
Ka rite ki nga pakihi, kei te hiahia koe ki te whakapiki i to raina. Ko YouTube te tino turanga hei huri i nga kaihoko me nga kaihoko mo te ao katoa ma te tohatoha i nga riipene ataata mo to waitohu. Ka ahu katoa ki tenei. Ma nga kaiohauru YouTube koreutu, ka taea e koe te hanga i tetahi waahanga nui ake mo to umanga. Mai i reira, ka taea e o riipene ataata te horapa ki etahi atu papanga penei i a Facebook, a ka taea pea e koe te haere ki te viral; me te whakaatu i to tohu ki nga miriona kaihoko. I tirohia e maatau etahi atu painga, engari ko nga take katoa ka heke ko te whakanui i to kaitoha YouTube ka piki ake te whiwhinga umanga.
Hello … He koreutu!
Ko nga tuponotanga ko te taitara o tenei tuhinga te mea i haangai ki to hiahia. Ko nga Kaitoha YouTube Koreutu he mea tino kitea, engari kei kona nga kamupene e toha atu ana nga kaiohauru! Ehara enei i te mea he potae noa hei mokowhiti i to kaute; he kaiwhakamahi pono raatau hei awhina ki te whakanui ake i te kaute o to kaitoha me te kawe i to pakihi ki reira.
Na he aha te tikanga o tenei mo to umanga?
Ko nga korero a Susan Wojcicki he tino pono; He mea ta YouTube mo te katoa. Ka rite ki te pakihi i runga i YouTube, Heoi, e kore e nui ki te waiho i te tahi mea mo tetahi , Me kaha koe ki te waiho hei mea mo katoa . Ahakoa te ahuatanga o te tangi, kua rongonui a YouTube i te pouaka whakaata whatunga, tae atu ki te taura. Kei te mohio nga kaiwhakamahi he hononga motuhake ki te papaaho me nga huarahi e whai ana i a ratau na te mea ka tiro ratau ki a ratau ki nga "oranga" o ia waitohu ia ra. Ko te whiwhi i nga kaitoha YouTube koreutu te huarahi pai ki te peke-tiimata i to aroaro o YouTube me te whakatuwhera i te huarahi ki te angitu o te pakihi.
Kia tere to Kaiohauru YouTube KOREUTU ka tiimata to haere ki te rongonui o YouTube i tenei ra!


text:
Ko te Whare Herehere o Te Matau-a-Māui te wāhi i kitea ai tētahi tauwhainga hākinakina rua e kī ana ko "Chasing Sun Rays", he tauwhāinga hei akiaki i ngā mauhere kia ū ki te ara tika.
I whakatūria tēnei papa motuhake mā ngā mauhere o te whare herehere o Te Matau a Māui. I mahi takirua ai rātou, he oma i te toru rau mita e ono ngā wā te mahi a tētahi, he eke pahikara tā tētahi atu, ko te ia, ko te oti wawe.
Ono rau neke atu ngā mauhere ki konei, otira, kei tua o te rima tekau ōrau i āhei ki tēnei kaupapa, mā te whanonga pai me te takoha uka koura ki "Victim Support".
Maha ana ngā hua kua puta mai i tēnei kaupapa.
I whai wāhi atu ngā mauhere tokorua me tētahi mauhere o mua ki te whakataetae Iron Māori i tērā wiki, he tuatahitanga tērā mō Te Ara Poutama o Aotearoa.
I āta whakatakotohia e rātou te mahere me pēhea te haere o aua mauhere ki taua whakataetae. I kōwhiria aua mauhere, nā te whanonga pai i ngā wā katoa. Nā, i te wā i mana te whakatau ko wai ka haere, ka tāea e rātou te whakangungu, te ako ki te kauhoe hoki.
I whakarewa te kaupapa nei i te tīmatanga o tēnei tau, otira, nā ngā painga i kite i te āhuatanga o ngā mauhere, i whakarite anō i te rangi nei.
Ko te hiahia kia taea ai tēnei kaupapa ia tau.


text:
Hūtia te rito o te harakeke, kei whea te kōmako e kō?
Te kohi me te whakaora ake i te harakeke
Ētahi whiriwhiringa mō te whakaora ake i te harakeke
He mea nui te pā harakeke, he wāhi e āta whakatipuria ai ngā momo harakeke papai mō ngā mahi o te whare pora. Ka whakatipuria tahitia kia māmā ai te tiaki me te toro atu ki te kohi harakeke.
He māmā te whakarea i te harakeke. Me āta tapahi noa mai tētahi o ōna wehenga (ngā mea rite ki te kōwhiuwhiu te hanga) i te harakeke kua roa e tū ana. He ara utukore tēnei e nui ai ngā harakeke hei whakatō i roto i ngā mahinga whakaora. Ki te whakatupuria kia āhua tata tonu tētahi harakeke ki tētahi, he iti ake te pihi ake o te tarutaru urutomo pērā i te parakipere (ngāi Rubus).
Ko tētahi mātāpono o ngā mahi whakaora ake i tētahi momo tipu, ko te whakamahi i ngā kākano me ngā tipu e mōhiotia ana nō taua rohe tonu mai rā anō, kaua ngā rāwaho. Nō reira, mō te wāhi ki te harakeke, me kohi ngā kākano, me tapahi mai rānei ngā kōwhiuwhiu i ngā harakeke e tipu mohoao ana i te taiao tata. Ki te whakamahia ngā kākano, me rau atu ki te pouaka mātao mō te 12 wiki – mā konei e tika ai te tinaku.
Pērā anō i nga kaupapa whakaora taiao katoa (engari e tino hāngai ana ki ngā kaupapa e aro ana ki te momo kotahi), anei ētahi āhuatanga matua hei whakaaro ake:
- He aha ngā take e hiahia nei tātou ki te whakaora ake i te pā harakeke? Hei puna harakeke mō te hunga raranga? Hei hoa mō ētahi atu momo tipu? Hei oranga mō ētahi pepeke, manu, aha ake rānei? Kia pai ake ai te kounga o te wai? Kei te hāngai rānei ēnei take katoa?
- He aha te huarahi pai katoa hei whakaora ake i te harakeke? Whakatōkia ngā harakeke e tupu māori noa ana i tō rohe (kaua ngā mea i ahu mai i waho o te rohe). Ina pakari te tū, ka tūkaha tonu i te waipuke, i te tauraki anō hoki.
- He momo harakeke e noho taonga ana ki tō whānau, ki tō hapū? Me ui haere mēnā arā ētahi momo harakeke o te hau kāinga kua mōrearea, kua ngaro rānei.
- He pā harakeke tonu te mea e pīrangitia ana? Mā wai te pā harakeke e tiaki? Kua takoto he mahere mō te tiaki i te pā harakeke i muri i a koutou, e toitū tonu ai ā ngā rā e heke mai nei?
Te whakaora ake i te harakeke mā te hunga raranga
- Ko te āta whakatupu i te harakeke te ara pai e mōhiotia ai e tupu ana he harakeke matomato, hauora tonu, e hua ake ai he whā pai (ko te whā te kupu mō te rau o te harakeke), he muka pai anō hoki mō ngā mahi a Hine-te-iwaiwa.
- Ka āta whakatōkia ki te pā harakeke ngā momo harakeke e tika ana mō te wāhi me te āhuarangi, me ngā hiahia o te whare pora. Ahakoa ka whakatipuria pea ngā punua harakeke e toru kia āhua tata tētahi ki tētahi, me nui anō te wāhi i waenganui i ēnei kāhui iti, kia kore ai e kōpā rawa te noho ina tupu ake, kia pai ai hoki te kuhu atu a te tangata ki te tapahi i ngā rau. Ā, ko te pāinga atu ina ngakia ngā taru i ōna wā anō, ina patua atu hoki ngā riha.
Te kōwhiri i ngā momo harakeke hei whakatō
- Ka mōhio ngā tāngata kua roa e raranga ana ko ēhea ngā momo pai hei whakatipu. Me whiriwhiri hoki mēnā ka mātua hiahiatia hei mahi kete, hei mahi whāriki, hei mahi kākahu rānei, hei mahi piupiu kē rānei. Mēnā kei te whakamahia hei whakaako atu i te raranga ki te tamariki, me noho mai anō pea he momo e pai ana, e ngohe ana ngā rau hei whāwhā, hei whakaharatau mā rātou.
Ko te kōwhiuwhiu rānei, ko te kākano rānei?
- Ki te āta wehea mai he ‘kōwhiuwhiu’ me ōna anō pakiaka i te harakeke matua hei tipu hou, ka rite pū te āhua o te mea hou ki te āhua o te matua.
- Ki te whakatōkia he kākano, kāore koe e mōhio mārika mēnā ka rite pū te tipu hou ki te tipu matua.
- Ka roa ake hoki mēnā ka whakamahia he kākano – e 6-8 tau, kātahi anō ka kīia he harakeke ‘matua’. Engari ia, ko te kōwhiuwhiu, ka tū mai hei harakeke matua i roto i te 3-4 tau.
Te kōwhiri i te wāhi pai
- Ko ngā harakeke pai mō te raranga me te whatu, ka tipu ki ngā whenua mōmona, e pai ana te rere atu o te wai ina nui te ua, ā, kei te kaha hoki te whitikina e te rā.
Te wā pai mō te whakatō
- Ko te ngahuru me te takurua ngā kaupeka pai mō te whakatō i ngā kōwhiuwhiu, engari i ngā wāhi makariri o Aotearoa, kei te pai anō te whakatō i te kōanga. Kāore e whakatōkia te harakeke i te wā e puta mai ana te kōrari, i ngā marama rānei o te raumati e iti ana te ua, e kaha ana hoki a Tamanuiterā.
Te whakarite i te pā harakeke
- Me whakakore katoa atu ngā taru ka pihi ake i ia tau i te whenua kua tohua mō te pā harakeke. Kua kitea te pai o te whāriki tāmi taru hei whakaiti ake i te wā ka pau ki te ngaki i ngā taru, ka pai hoki hei pupuri i te haukū o te oneone. Mātua horahia atu te whāriki, ka tapahi ai i ngā kōhao ki te whāriki hei whakatō atu i ngā kōwhiuwhiu ki te whenua. He pai hoki te whāriki huruhuru mō roto i te whare – he mea tawhito nei. Ka pōpopo haere i te wā e tupu haere ana te harakeke.
Te whakatō i te harakeke
- He māmā ake te āta wehe mai i ngā kōwhiuwhiu i te tipu matua i te wā e mākū ana te oneone. Whakamahia he kāheru mata roa, he tima rānei, he whakatiriwhana rānei hei paku karikari i te oneone huri katoa i te kōwhiuwhiu, ā, ki raro, ki muri anō i a ia.
- Kia wehea mai te kōwhiuwhiu, tapahia atu ngā rau o waho, kia mahue mai ai te rito me te awhi rito. He whakamaru tā te awhi rito i te rito, engari mēnā e roa rawa ana, tapahia kia poto ake. Whakatōkia takitorutia ngā harakeke hou, kia kore ai e tū mokemoke noa.
- Whakatō ai ō tatou tūpuna i te harakeke hou kia anganui tōna ‘puku’ (te wāhi toro whakawaho) ki te rā – arā, kia anga ki waenganui me te rāwhiti me te rātō. Mā konei e tiakina ai ngā rito ka pihi ake mai i muri o te punua harakeke nei – ka noho marumaru, ka noho haukū tonu.
- Kia 3 mita neke atu i waenga i ia kāhui harakeke, kia rere pai ai te hau i waenga i nga kāhui. Mā konei e kore ai e rea haere ngā pepeke unahi me ngā mate hekaheka, ā, ka māmā ake hoki te tapahi atu i ngā rau mate me te kohi anō i ngā rau pai.
- Mēnā kāore i tino mōmona te oneone, whāngaihia atu ki te whakahaumako whai pākawa tūtaewhetū. Kia auau hoki te hoatu i te wai.
Te tiaki i ngā harakeke
- Me mahi kia taru kore tonu te whenua huri katoa i te pūtake o te harakeke. Me tapahi atu hoki ngā rau mate. Hei haumanu i te harakeke, ko tētahi mahi pai hei mahi i te takurua, ko te tapahi atu i ngā rau katoa, atu i te rito me te awhi rito. Ā, ina kohia he whā hei raranga, hei whatu, tapahia atu ngā rau mate me ngā rau e whakamatemate ana. Mā konei e kaha ai te tupu o te rau hou, ā, ka āwhina ki te pare atu i ngā pepeke kino me ngā mate.
- Whakamahia he māripi koi hei kokoti i ngā rau. Kia hauroki te tapahi, ki te pūtake tonu o te harakeke. Mā konei e rere atu ai te ua ki te whenua, kāore e noho roa ki te taha o te rito, ka whakapirau ai i ngā rau hou.
- Ki tā ētahi kairaranga, ina tupu ake he kōrari, me tapahi atu, kia pau ai te kaha o te harakeke ki ngā rau, kaua ngā pua. Ko tētahi atu painga o tēnei, mehemea nō waho kē te harakeke, kāore ngā kākano o aua kōrari rāwaho e tupu ake, ka whakararu i ngā momo taketake o te hau kāinga.
- Ko tētahi atu mahi a ngā tūpuna, he whakahoki atu i ngā rau mate me ngā toenga o ngā mahi raranga, whatu, ki raro i te tipu matua. Engari he pai ake te kore e pēnei, kei noho ngā mea nei hei kāinga mō ētahi pepeke ka kaikai haere i ngā rau ora.
Te wahakura
Ko te momo harakeke pai mō te mahi wahakura, ko ngā mea e roroa ana, e āhua kaha ana anō hoki ngā rau. He moenga te wahakura mō te kōhungahunga, mai i te whānautanga tae noa ki te 6 marama pea te pakeke. He wāhi haumaru e moe ai te pēpē, engari me te noho pātata tonu ki tana whaea, e mau ai te hono kaha i waenga i te pēpē me tana ū kai pō. He tikanga haumaru hoki e moe ai te pēpē ki te taha tonu o ōna mātua.
He kōrero kōpūtahi
E tūhono ana tēnei kōrero ki Ngā taonga raranga, Te kuta – te tipu kaitā o ngā nōhanga wai māori me Te whakaora ake i te kuta.
He whakamihi
I pūtakea mai tēnei mātaitanga i tētahi kōrero i tuhia mō te pukapuka Te Reo o Te Repo – The Voice of the Wetland, arā, i Harakeke – weaving people together, nā Sue Scheele (Manaaki Whenua).


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He aha tō mahi, kia kitea ai te reo?#mahurumāori mahurumaori.com. Posted by Te Wānanga o Aotearoa on Sunday, 2 September 2018. He aha tō mahi, kia rongo ai te reo? Mahuru Māori. He aha tō mahi, kia rongo ai te reo?#mahurumāori mahurumaori.com. Kitea maori dictionary Richmond Home Video Series Maori Dictionary Kāinga Ngā kōnae whakaata Papakupu. 13. The Whānga Family – The Hāngī 13. He hua nō te whakarongo ki ngā kōrero kāore i te tino mārama. Ā tōna wā ka kitea he whakamāramatanga mō ngā kupu, mō ngā momo whakatakoto kōrero,
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Season 1, Episode 10
March 9, 2019, noon
Ka kōrero a Pā rāua ko Eli mō tētahi whakataukī e rongohia ana, arā, 'kotahi te karanga mō te tangata e rua mō te kurī'.
Season 1, Episode 11
E kōrero ana a Pā rāua ko Eli mō ētahi o ngā whakataukī e rongohia ana i te kāinga, arā, 'ka pū te ruha ka hao te rangatahi'.
2 years, 7 months
Season 1, Episode 12
E kōrero ana a Pā rāua ko Eli mō te whakataukī e rongohia ana i te kāinga, arā, 'nui te utu, iti te kai'.
2 years, 7 months
Season 1, Episode 13
E kōrero ana a Pā rāua ko Eli mō tētahi whakataukī e rongohia ana i te kāinga, arā, 'he kanohi kitea he hoki ngā mahara'.
2 years, 7 months
Season 1, Episode 14
E whitiwhiti ana a Pā rāua ko Eli mō tētahi whakataukī e rongohia ana i te kāinga, arā, 'e kore te kūmara e kōrero mō tōna reka'
2 years, 7 months


text:
taonga taakaro moepuku maeneene tino kiko TPE haumaru rauemi tino kiri kiri ongo mo te wahine taakaro taakaro
Taipitopito Hua
Rauemi ngohengohe tpe, hoatu te tino pa ki a koe me te whakanui wawe i to hiahia
Panui motuhake: Ko te maarama o te taiao maarama, maamaa te hanganga o te kakano, ko te kiko e taea ana e te kanohi tahanga me te pa o te ringaringa ka tino hua ake.
He waikore me te maama ki te horoi, ka taea e koe te whakamahi i roto i te ua, te pati, te ipu wera ranei
Rauemi Haumaru-Tinana me te Kakano Tuturu - ngohengohe, hypoallergenic me te kore-paitini. Na te kakano kiko kia whai whakaaro nui koe
100% taatai torangapu motuhake, he mea nui na matou to noho muna na reira ka tukuna atu e maatau ki a koe
1: He ahuru ki te hauora te rauemi?
A: Ae. Ko nga taonga o te hua he kai kai me te kore-paitini; kore-phthalate Kore Kore.
2: Ko nga tikanga utu ka taea e koe.
A: Te tikanga e whakaae ana matou ki te TT (30% i mua me te 70% i mua i te utunga), Western Union me PayPal etc.
3: He aha te wa hei arahi mo nga tauira me te mahinga papatipu?
A: I roto i nga ra mahi e 5 mo nga tauira me nga ra 30 mo te mahi papatipu.
4: Ka tukuna e koe he tohu mo nga hua?
A: Mena he raru taau me a maatau hua, tukuna noa he korero Whakapaa mai ki a maatau. Ka oti to raru i roto i te 7 * 24 haora.


text:
5 Hoʻolālā Ball Valve Seal Surface Design
I ka ʻoihana kinipōpō ʻoihana, ʻo ka mea nui loa no ka pahu kīwī e hoʻopaʻa i ke kaomi i loko o ka ʻōnaehana kaomi wai ka noho kiwikā a i ʻole ke alo kiwikā. E hui pū ka kinipōpō me ka noho kinipōpō e sila ai ka pihi. I ka ʻōnaehana kaohi ʻokoʻa, he ʻano ʻokoʻa kona, no laila pono pono ka ʻenekini hoʻolālā kika e hoʻololi i ka noho kiwikā a i ʻole ka pae wili kīwī e hoʻopaʻa i ka kaomi e hoʻohana ana i nā mea ʻenekini ʻokoʻa. E hōʻike kēia ʻatikala i ka hoʻolālā noho poepoe ʻokoʻa 5.
ʻO ka ʻano mua o ka noho kiwikā poepoe kahi ʻano o ka noho pā palu noho palupalu. ʻO ka maʻamau o ke keʻokeʻo o kēia noho a hoʻohana ākea i ka ʻoihana kiwikā poepoe noho ʻoluʻolu. Hana ʻia kēia noho keʻokeʻo mai PTFE. ʻO ka maikaʻi o kēia noho e ka ʻenekini Teflon a ke hele mākou e ʻākoakoa i kēia ʻano noho kiwikā a me ka poepoe i loko o ke kino o ke kiwikā. Ke hele nei mākou e kaomi i ka noho kiwikā me ka poepoe, maʻalahi maʻalahi kēia ʻano o ke alu like ʻana e sila i ka kaomi i loko o ka ʻōnaehana kahe. Eia naʻe ka mea pōʻino ma muli o ka noho hao ʻole o ka hao a palupalu no laila inā ʻaʻole hoʻomaʻemaʻe ka wai a loaʻa kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o loko, e hōʻino paha ka mea i ka noho o ka pahu poepoe a hana i ka liʻolawe no laila ke ʻimi nei ka ʻenekini i kekahi ʻano mea ʻē aʻe. ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī ma mua o kēia ʻano mea noho palupalu a me nā mea he ʻūlili mea.
No laila he aha nā ʻano waiwai i loaʻa kēlā waiwai? I ka ʻoihana kiwikā pōpō, kūkulu nā ʻenekini i kekahi kala ʻē aʻe. ʻO kēia noho kala ʻokoʻa e hele mai ana mai ka Rein-force PTFE mea. ʻO ke kumu o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kēia mau mea noho kala e pono ai mākou e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka wela o ka noi PTFE no ke kiʻekiʻe. No laila hoʻohui nā ʻenekini i kekahi ʻano mea like me PTFE e hana i kahi ʻano mea hou.
ʻO ka PTFE hoʻomaikaʻi mua me ka kalapona hui PTFE E hana i kekahi ʻano o kēia noho. ʻEleʻele ke kala.
ʻO kekahi ʻo PTFE kāwili ʻia me ka kila kila. ʻO kēia ʻano mea noho he ʻelua mau maikaʻi e hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka noho PTFE maʻemaʻe. Hoʻokahi hiki iā ia ke hana i ke ana wela ma o ka ʻōnaehana kaohi ma mua o ka mua. ʻO ka ʻē aʻe ka paʻakikī o nā mea ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka mua. ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī o kēia mea ma mua o ka PTFE maʻemaʻe. No laila, ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka huna o loko o ka pāpāho kahe e hōʻino ai i ka noho o ka pahu poepoe ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me PTFE. No laila, ʻo kēia ʻano ʻano ʻelua kahi noho kiwikā i ka nohona kiwikā e noho palupalu ana.
ʻO ka paila pōpō noho palupalu kekahi ʻano kiwikā e maʻalahi e loaʻa i ka liakage zero no ka mea ʻo ka noho kiwikā kekahi ʻano mea lahilahi akā ʻo kēia ʻano hoʻolālā i loaʻa kahi hemahema inā ʻo ia ke ahi i hiki, hiki i ke ahi ke hoʻopau loa i ka kiwikā. noho. No laila inā he ʻōnaehana kahe kahe ka hoʻohana ʻana a hoʻohana paha i ka pahu poepoe noho palupalu, inā kū ke ahi, e hoʻokahe ka medium medium āpau no laila e weliweli loa no laila makemake ka ʻenekini e hoʻolālā i hoʻokahi ʻano noho kiwikā kahi noho palupalu akā hiki iā ia pale aku i ka maka ahi a kapa ʻia kēia ahi-palekana hoʻolālā e like me ka API 607.
I loko o ka pāhana pālolo nohona palupalu, kēlā me kēia ʻano pono āu e hoʻohana ai e hana i ka noho kiwikā o ke kinipōpō inā kū ke ahi, e luku loa ka mahana wela i ka noho o ka pahu poepoe, e kulu ke kiʻikuhi no laila e weliweli loa ia kūlana. no laila i ka ʻāpana poepoe noho palupalu ʻoihana, he mea nui ka hoʻolālā palekana ahi. ʻO ka noho mua i hana pū ʻia me ka pōpō e hoʻopaʻa i ke kaomi. Ke kū mai ke ahi ua hoʻopau loa ka mahana wela i ka noho mua no ka mea ʻo ka ʻōnaehana kahe kaomi i loko, kaomi kaomi i ka poepoe i lalo. No laila hoʻolālā ka ʻenekini hoʻolālā kiwikia i ka lua o ka sila. ʻO kēia noho ʻelua kahi ʻāpana o ke kino kiwikā. He mea hao ia no laila ʻaʻole ia e luku ʻia e ka mahana kiʻekiʻe. A ʻo ka noho kiwikā hoʻi ʻelua, palena loa ka pae sila no laila he mea maʻalahi ke hana pū me ka pōpō e hoʻopaʻa i ke kaomi i loko o ka ʻōnaehana kahe. ʻOiai i kēia ʻano, ke hoʻokau kaomi i ka kinipōpō e hui pū me ka noho kiwikā ʻelua e hoʻopaʻa i ke kaomi i loko o ka ʻōnaehana kahe, ʻaʻole hiki i ka valve pōpō ke hana hou akā ma ka liʻiliʻi o ka pā kahe i loko o ka ʻōnaehana kahe. No laila kēia ʻano hoʻolālā kāhea mākou i ka hoʻolālā palekana ahi.
ʻO ka hoʻolālā noho kiwikā o ka pōpō aʻe ka hao i ka noho hao. Ke kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i ka noho hao i ka ʻoihana kiola kinipōpō, aia ʻelua o mākou noho hao. Hoʻokahi noho metala me nā mea palupalu e hoʻokomo e like me ke kiʻi ma lalo.
Hana ʻia kēia ʻano e nā mea hao, e kahe ke kahawai i ka noho e hoʻopā i ka pōpō e hoʻopaʻa i ke kaomi akā ʻo ka pae o ka sila o ka noho kiwikā a ka wahi e hoʻopā i ka pōpō ʻaʻole metala no ka mea e hoʻokomo mākou nā mea noho palupalu ma loko o ka noho hao. E hoʻopili ka ʻāpana i ka kinipōpō e hoʻopaʻa i ka kaomi i loko o ka ʻōnaehana kahe. ʻO ka noho hao wale nō ke kiʻi e pale aku i ka noho kiwikā maoli e hoʻopā i ka pōpō e hoʻopaʻa i ke kaomi. Hana kēia hoʻolālā hoʻolālā noho i ka nui o ka pahu nui a me ka hana kiʻekiʻe i ka noi no ka mea maʻalahi ka mea noho maʻalahi i ka nui nui. ʻO ka noho hao e pale ai i nā mea palupalu ma loko o kēia wahi.
Aia kekahi metala maoli i ka noho hao o ka nohona popo. Hana paʻa ʻia ka noho kiwikā e ka hao a ʻo ka noho hao e hui pū me ka pōpō metala e hoʻopaʻa i ka kaomi i loko o ka ʻōnaehana kahe. Hiki i kēia noho ʻano o ka pulupulu hoʻolālā hoʻolālā ke hana i ke ana wela kiʻekiʻe a me ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe akā ʻo kēia ʻano hoʻolālā paʻakikī e hana no ka mea ʻo ka pōpō a me ka noho pono e mīkini pono a wili. No ka mea o ka noho kiwikā e hana ʻia e ka mea hao a ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka kinipōpō ma mua o ka noho. Inā palupalu ke kinipōpō ma mua o ka noho o ke kinipōpō, a laila e ʻūlū ka noho kiwikā i ka kinipōpō a hoʻopuka i ke kīʻaha poepoe ʻO nā mea āpau e noho ai ʻoe e hoʻolālā, ʻo ka pae sealing ka ākea e ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī ma mua o ka helehelena hoʻopaʻa paʻa. ʻO kēia kiwikā poepoe noho keleawe kahi mea kūikawā kūikawā no ka mea ua hoʻolālā ʻia i ʻelua laina no ka pae o ka nohona nohona paʻa. Hiki i kēia laina ʻelua ke hoʻopaʻa i ka pae ke hōʻoia i ka hilinaʻi o kēia kiwikā. E ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka kinipōpō ma mua o ka noho kiwikā. ʻO ka hapanui o ka manawa e hoʻohana ana mākou i nā ʻano lapaʻau ʻokoʻa e paʻakikī ka poepoe ma mua o ka noho kiwikā.
ʻO ka mea hope loa i hoʻopili ʻia i ka paepae kinipōpō. He ʻano kūikawā kēia ʻano pōpō kinipōpō a me kekahi ʻano o nā kinipōpō pōpō. I kekahi ʻano ʻōnaehana kahe kahe kūikawā, he corrosive ka pāpāho kahe, ʻaʻole hiki iā mākou ke hoʻohana i nā mea hao e hoʻopā i ka pāpaho kahe, no laila mākou e hoʻohana ai iā PFA a i ʻole PTFE a i ʻole kekahi ʻano mea e uhi pono i ka poepoe a uhi pū hoʻi i nā mea āpau. ka wahi e hoʻopā ai i ka pāpāho kahe.


text:
Kaupapa Kaiwhakawhiwhi rawa Mapi Tiwhikete Maehe Takitahi
Ko te whakatipuranga mana Photovoltaic (PV) kei te tipu tere i te tonga o Ahia me Awherika, Hei tiima iti hei whakarato hiko mo te waahi tuuturu kaore e taea e te raina mahi te taupoki. Ko te CA168 he mea hangaia mo te UV solar solar mini grid ki te ine i te kohi hiko, ka taea te tautoko i te 5A, 16A, 40A, 60 A o naianei, 230V Nama hiko, Akomanga 1 akomanga pono kia tino inenga. Kua hangahia e maatau he waahanga RF i roto i te mita kia taea ai te whanake i te punaha tirotiro me te whakahaere, me tuku e te mita te raraunga ki te kaiutuutu raraunga na RF, katahi ka tukuna atu e te GPRS te kaituku raraunga nga korero. Ka taea e te kaiparau te toro atu i te whanui whakawhiti korero mo te kaitautu raraunga.
Nga Tohu Nui
1. 20 mati (Whakatauranga Whakawhitinga Paerewa) STS whakamunatanga
2. Te kite i te kaha whakamuri (SRE)
3. IEC62056-21 tauranga ture e whakaae ana kia ngawari te uiui raraunga
4. Ka momotu i runga i te taumaha me te kore nama
5. Te puna mana takirua e mahi ana i te aratau nama me te nama nama
6. Te utaina me te iti o te whakatupato nama
7. Te kitenga me te rekoata i nga mahi whakangawewe penei i te tuwhera o te taupoki, te hurihuri, te pango, me era atu.
8. Whakauru ngawari ki te 12 marama nga korero kohi me nga tohu e 5 kua uru mai
Painga whakamahi
1. He hononga ngawari ki te Kaiwhakamahi Atanga Kaiwhakamahi (UIU) mo nga momo momo tono wehewehe
2. Korero whakawhiti ahokore RF / GPRS me te kaituku AMR / AMI upoko-mutunga
3. Te Wahanga Whakamahi (TOU), te utu-maha, te waahi hararei.
4. Te mana kawenga o mua me nga waahanga momotu
Whakatakotoranga


text:
Kei te rahi haere ngā ringatoi Māori e whakairo ana i te rino, tua atu i te rākau. Tūtaki mai ki ngā tāne ka waihanga i ēnā mahi toi.
Tūtohu Technology. Ngā hua 1 - 10 o te 79 mō
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