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Māori Medium Primary Teaching
268.107 Te Aho Matua Taiao o ngā Kura Kaupapa Māori I15 credits
He tīmatanga ki te titiro ki te tū ngaiotanga o te kaiako, ki ngä akoranga taiao Māori, whakahaere ā-akomanga, te ako takitahi, ā-rōpū, ā-akomanga, ā-marautanga hoki e hāngai pū ana ki Te Aho Matua. An introduction to the professional role of the teacher with reference to Te Aho Matua and to Māori medium professional practices, classroom organisation, learning of individuals and groups, learning environments and key curriculum areas.
He titiro ki te āhua o te tū i runga i te marae, me te ako i ngä tikanga me ōna reo. An introduction to the knowledge, language and customary practices pertaining to the elements of marae as a context for education.
268.120 Tikanga Pāngarau I15 credits
Ka tïmata te ako i ngā whakamārama me ngā tukanga o te akoako pāngarau ki tā te Māori titiro, ki tā te Pākehā titiro, me tōna whakamahinga ki te reo Māori. An introduction to the processes of numeracy learning in te ao Māori and western contexts and its application to numeracy learning in te reo Māori.
268.121 Te Kupu Tā I - Pānui Tuhituhi i Te Kura Kaupapa15 credits
He tīmatanga kia märama ki ngä tukanga o te ako i te pänui ki tä te Mäori, ki tä tauiwi, me töna whakamahinga ki Te Reo Mäori. An introduction to the processes of literacy learning in Te Ao Mäori and western contexts and their application to literacy learning in Te Reo Mäori.
He whakamätau i te orokohanga mai o te tipuranga mai o te tangata ki töna ake ao ki tä te whänau, hapü, iwi titiro, ä, he aronga ä-wairua, ä-hinengaro, ä-tinana. An introduction to the self in relation to cosmological narratives, the life-span of human development and learning from Mäori whänau, hapü, and iwi perspectives.
268.131 Te Aho Matua Marautanga I30 credits
He tïmatanga tënei ki te wherawhera i ngä ariä me ngä ähuatanga ako, me te whakaako ki ngä akoranga ä tini e hangai pü ki ngä marautanga e whakaakohia ana i roto i ngä kura tuatahi tae atu hoki ki ngä kura taiao Mäori. Mä te ako i ngä ähuatanga e pä ana ki ngä Pou Toi e whai kiko e whai tikanga, e whakatinana ai ënei ähuatanga katoa. An introduction to the theory and practice of learning and teaching through a multidisciplinary approach to subject knowledge relevant to primary schools and Mäori Medium sites. Subject knowledge is explored through the practical application of Mäori performing and visual arts.
268.207 Te Taiao mō Te Aho Matua o ngā Kura Kaupapa Māori II30 credits
Ka ako te tauira ki te whakariterite i te taiao ako mā te whakamahi i ngā akoaranga katoa o te tau tuatahi. Me whakawhanake te ākonga i ngā pukenga whakahaere, i ngā rautaki whakaako, i ngā mahinga aromatawai ki tā Te Aho Matua tauira. Students will learn to prepare the learning environment by drawing on their learnings from the first year. Using Te Aho Matua as a framework, students develop management and pedagogical strategies and assessment practices.
He whakawhänui i te mätauranga i te reo me ngä tikanga o te marae hei ako, hei whakaako i ënei mätauranga. He äta titiro kia märama te ahurei o te tamaiti me töna whänau i ngä taiao ako. Further development of the knowledge, language and customary practices pertaining to the marae as a particular context for educational exchange and knowledge transfer. There is an emphasis on the uniqueness of the individual child and their whänau within diverse learning settings.
268.217 Te Kawa o Te Kura II30 credits
Me whakawhanake te äkonga i ngä pukenga whakahaere, ngä rautaki whakaako, ngä mahinga aromatawai ki tä Te Aho Matua tauira. Using Te Aho Matua as a framework, students develop management and pedagogical strategies and assessment practices.
268.220 Tikanga Pāngarau II15 credits
Ka whakawhanakehia ētahi mātauranga pāngarau Motuhake me ngā ariā pāngarau hei kawe i te pāngarau i roto i te ako reo Māori. Development of specific mathematical concepts and pedagogical knowledge for teaching of mathematics in the Māori medium.
He whakawhanake i ōna māramatanga ki ngā kawenga mō te reorua, te reo-ā-tini ki tā te ao Māori rangahau mō te whakaako i te reo ā-pānui i roto i te Reo Rangatira. Development of an understanding of the processes for bi-lingual, multi-lingual literacy learning in Te Ao Māori and its research based application to literacy teaching in Te Reo Māori.
268.222 Te Kupu Tā II - Te Pānui Tuhituhi i Te Kura Kaupapa Māori15 credits
He whakawhanake i ōna māramatanga ki ngā kawenga mō te reorua, te reo-ā-tini ki tā te ao Māori rangahau mō te whakaako i te kupu tā, arā ko te reo ā-pānui, ā-tuhituhi i roto i te Reo Rangatira. Kia hāngai ki te taiao o Te Aho Matua. Development of an understanding of the processes for bi-lingual, multi-lingual literacy learning in Te Ao Māori and its research-based application to literacy teaching in Te Reo Māori.
Kia whänui atu töna möhio ki töna tipuranga, ki tö ëtahi atu, me te aro haehae i ngä hononga ki tä te Mäori titiro. The study of the self and others, with a focus on an analysis of human relationships, interactions, knowledge development and learning within evolving Mäori historical and social, cultural and spiritual contexts.
He toro i ngä kaupapa tütioka, mätauranga ä-marau, ngä whakaakoranga e pä ana ki tä te taiao Mäori o Aotearoa. Ka aro nui ki ngä tikanga tawhito me ngä tïkanga hou e hängai pü ana ki ngä hangarau me öna whakamahinga, ki tä te tirohanga Mäori. Interdisciplinary subject and curriculum knowledge and the relevant pedagogy as applied to Mäori medium education in Aotearoa New Zealand are explored. An emphasis on customary and contemporary Mäori practices and their associated technologies.
268.240 Te Ira Tangata o Te Aho Matua Ko Te Tupu o Te Tangata15 credits
Ka hohonu ake te ruku ki ngā māramatanga o Te Aho Matua ake me te tupu o te tangata i te ao nei. Kia whānui atu tōna mōhio ki tōna tipuranga, ki tō ētahi atu, me te aro haehae i ngā hononga ki tā te Māori titiro. A deeper exploration of Te Aho Matua itself and human development. The study of the self and others, with a focus on an analysis of human relationships, interactions, knowledge development and learning within evolving Māori historical and social, cultural and spiritual contexts.
268.241 Te Marautanga o Te Aho Matua o ngā Kura Kaupapa Māori II: ko te tuitui i ngā kaupapa hei marautanga15 credits
Whai muri mai i Te Aro ā-Kapa i te tau tuatahi ka huri ke He tūhonohono tonu i ngā marau kei raro i te kaupapa matua e ai ki ngā Kura Kaupapa Māori. Ka aro nui ki ngā tikanga tawhito me ngā tīkanga hou e hāngai pū ana ki ngā hangarau me ōna whakamahinga, ki tā te tirohanga Māori. Ko te wai, ko te waka ama te tauira. After the introduction to the integrated curriculum approach, students will continue to develop their ability to integrate subjects under a principal theme in ways Kura Kaupapa Māori do. An emphasis on customary and contemporary Māori practices and their associated technologies. Water and waka ama provide the example.
268.307 Te Taiao mō Te Aho Matua - te whakarite i te taiao ki te poipoi i te ako i roto i ngā Kura Kaupapa Māori III30 credits
Ka tūhonotia te kawa, ngā ritenga, ngā whakahaere, ngā whakamaheretanga kia tupu te taiao e tika ana mō Te Aho Matua, hei painga mō ngā tamariki. He āta arohaehae, he toro i ngā mahinga rangahau, i ngā whakaakoranga huritao, i ngā mahinga whakahaere mō tētahi wā roa ki tā Ta Aho Matua. The combination of the protocol, the preparations, administration and planning appropriate for the Te Aho Matua environment maximising benefits for the children. An in-depth analysis and engagement in research-informed, reflective teaching and management practices for a sustained period using a Te Aho Matua framework.
He äta mätakitaki, he tauriterite i ngä kawa me ngä tikanga o tauiwi, ki ërä o ngä iwi taketake hei aromatawai i ngä pätanga o tä tauiwi aro ki te mätauranga me ngä pünaha mätauranga. An examination and comparison of western perspectives of knowledge with Mäori and indigenous world views in order to assess the implications of contemporary western perspectives on education and educational systems.
268.317 Te Kawa o Te Kura III30 credits
He äta arohaehae, he toro i ngä mahinga-rangahau, i ngä whakaakoranga-huritao, i ngä mahinga whakahaere o ngä kura iwi-maha, o ngä kura Mäori mö tëtahi roa ki tä Te Aho Matua tauira. An in-depth analysis and engagement in research-informed, reflective teaching and management practices, in multicultural and Mäori medium classrooms for a sustained period using a Te Aho Matua framework.
268.320 Tikanga Pāngarau III15 credits
Ka äta rangahau i te mätauranga pängarau me ngä ariä pängarau me te äta aro ki te tika o te whakaako i te pängarau i ngä ako Mäori. Advanced study of mathematical concepts and pedagogical content knowledge for primary teachers with a focus on effective pedagogical practices in Mäori medium settings.
He äta rangahau i ngä whakaakoranga, i ngä aromatawai, i ngä whakahaere rerekë noa e hängai ana ki te pai o te ako i te reo pänui ki ngä äkonga rerenga kë i tëtahi taiao Mäori. An in-depth study of differentiated instruction, assessment and management as it applies to effective practice of teaching literacy skills for diverse learners, within a Mäori context.
268.322 Te Kupu Tā - Te Pānui Tuhituhi i Te Kura Kaupapa Māori III15 credits
He āta rangahau i ngā whakaakoranga, i ngā aromatawai, i ngā whakahaere rerekē noa e hāngai ana ki te pai o te ako i te reo pānui, reo tuhituhi ki ngā ākonga rerenga kē i tētahi taiao Māori. An in-depth study of differentiated instruction, assessment and management as it applies to effective practice of teaching literacy skills for diverse learners, within a Māori context.
Kia whänui atu töna möhio ki töna tipuranga, ki tä ngä akomanga reorua, reo rümaki, me te aro haehae i ngä hononga o tä te kaupapa Mäori titiro ki te whänau, ki te hapü, ki te iwi i tënei ao hurihuri. An in-depth study of the self within an array of Mäori medium and mainstream educational contexts, with a focus on a kaupapa Mäori theoretical analysis of whänau, hapü, iwi relationships, interactions, and learning within contemporary social, cultural and spiritual contexts.
268.331 Te Aro ā-Tū, ā-Rongo15 credits
He äta aro i ëtahi akoranga tawhito, akoranga hou a te Mäori hei tüäpapa i ngä tütioka ä-marau. Ka äta whakawhanakehia ki ngä marau me öna mätauranga, ka whätoro hoki i ngä ariä o tä te taiao ako Mäori kia ähei te whakahaere i ngä whakaakoranga tütioka ä-marau. An in-depth study of customary and contemporary Mäori practices using an interdisciplinary approach. Further development of subject and curriculum knowledge and the relevant pedagogy as applied to Mäori medium education in Aotearoa New Zealand is explored to facilitate inclusive interdisciplinary teaching.
268.340 Te Tino Uaratanga o Te Aho Matua - Ngā Hua o te Ako15 credits
Ko te tuituitanga o te katoa o ngā whāinga o Te Aho Matua e tohua ana ki Te Tino Uaratanga. Ka whakatupuhia ngā pūkenga o ngā tauira ki te āta aromatawai, arotake, anromātairua, arohaehae, aro ā-mihi i te taiao ako, i ngā tamariki anō hoki. The culmination of all the objectives of Te Aho Matua are outlined in Te Tino Uaratanga. Students' skills will be developed to critically assess, evaluate, moderate, critique and appraise the learning environment and learners. An in-depth study of the self within an array of Māori medium and mainstream educational contexts, with a focus on a kaupapa Māori theoretical analysis of whānau, hapū, iwi relationships, interactions, and learning within contemporary social, cultural and spiritual contexts.
268.341 Te Marautanga o Te Aho Matua o ngā Kura Kaupapa Māori III: ko te tuitui i ngā kaupapa hei marautanga15 credits
Kia tū motuhake te tauira e waihanga ana i te marautanga o te akomanga kei reira a ia e whakangungu ana. He āta aro i ētahi akoranga tawhito, akoranga hou a te Māori hei tūāpapa i ngā tūtioka ā-marau. Ka āta whakawhanakehia ki ngā marau me ōna mātauranga, ka whātoro hoki i ngā ariā o tā te taiao mō Te Aho Matua. Independently create and implement the curriculum within the classroom the student is based for practicum. An in-depth study of customary and contemporary Māori practices using an interdisciplinary approach. Further development of subject and curriculum knowledge and the relevant pedagogy as applied to the Te Aho Matua environment.
268.417 Te Kawa o Te Kura IV30 credits
He whai wähi ki te rönaki me te rangahau ä akomanga i ngä whakaakoranga i roto i te taiao Mäori, ka whakamahere, ka whakahaere, ka pürongo i tëtahi kaupapa rangahau o öna tirohanga ä-röpü. An individual, research-informed supervised classroom enquiry, in a Mäori Medium setting, where students plan, undertake and report on an investigation with a group of children.
Ka äta arohaehae i ngä ariä, i ngä rangahau, i ngä tikanga ako o te pänui e aro nui ana ki te hanganga me te kawenga o te pänui mö ngä momo katoa. A critical analysis of theories, research and pedagogies of literacy with a particular focus on Mäori literacy programme design and implementation for all learners.
He rangahau motuhake tënei e aro nui ana ki ngä tikanga ako, tikanga whakaako o tä te Mäori ränei, o tä tëtahi iwi taketake ränei i roto i tëtahi taiao ako whai tautoko. An in-depth self selected study of Mäori or indigenous pedagogical theory and practice undertaken within a supervised field based inquiry.
He tātari, he arotakenga whakaritenga ā akomanga, whakanaungatanga ngaiotanga ki tā te kura, ki tā te hāpori, ki tā ngā kaupapa here. An analysis and evaluation of a whole-class programme and professional relationships in the wider context of school, community and policy environments.


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He korero whakarapopoto
He tikanga Māori te whāngai e whakapakekehia ai te tamaiti e ētahi atu i ōna matua ake – he rite tonu te wā he whanaunga te matua whāngai. He wā poto, he wā pūmau tonu rānei e noho matua ana te matua whāngai ki te tamaiti whāngai. Mōhio tonu ai te tamaiti ki ōna mātua ake, me ōna mātua whāngai hoki, ā, ka riro mā te whānau whānui e whakatau te āhua ki taua tamaiti.
Ko ētahi take o te whāngai:
- he kimi kāinga mō te pani
- he tautoko i ngā whānau he uaua rawa te tautoko tamariki
- he tauawhi i te tamaiti he taiohi rawa ngā mātua
- he koroua, he kuia kua riro i tā rāua mokopuna kia akona ki ngā kōrero tuku iho
- he whakaae kia taka ngā whenua ki ngā tamariki.
Ngā tikanga whāngai
Nā tōna koroua te tipua a Māui i whāngai ki ngā kōrero tuku iho.
Ka tinihanga a Uenuku, atua o te āniwaniwa, ki a Ihuparapara hei hoa moe mōna i tōna huri ki te āhua o tana tāne. I muri iho ka whānau te tamāhine a Ihuparapara, i riro whāngai i a Uenuku.
I whānau pōriro mai a Tūtānekai whai muri i te pūremu o tōna whaea a Rangiuru. Ka noho tonu tōna hoa rangatira a Whakaue hei matua whāngai mā Tūtānekai.
Whāngai me te ture
Noho tonu ai te tikanga o te whāngai ki waho i te ture. Mai i te tau 1901 me rēhita rawa te tamaiti whāngai ki te Kōti Whenua Māori e āhei ki a rātou ngā whenua o ō rātou mātua whāngai. I te tau 1955 ka whakaputahia te Ture Whāngai 1955 e whakatairanga ai te noho muna o te whāngai tamariki me te noho motu o te whānau ake me te whānau whāngai. Ahakoa tēnei, ka ū tonu te Māori ki ngā tikanga whāngai.
Ētahi whāngai rongonui
Anei ētahi mātua whāngai rongonui:
- Ko te kaiārahi i te Kīngitanga ko Te Puea Hērangi. Neke atu i te 50 āna tamariki whāngai.
- Ko te rangatira o Ngāpuhi ko Tā James Henare. E ono āna tamariki ake, ā, e rima anō ōna tamaiti whāngai.
Anei hoki ētahi whāngai rongonui:
- Ko te rangatira o Tainui ko Rōpata Te Kotahi Mahuta. He tungāne whāngai ia nō te kuini Māori nō Te Arikinui Te Atairangikaahu.
- Ko te kaitākaro netipōro ko Joline Henry. He mea whāngai ia e ōna kaumātua.

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He nui te iwi Māori i tautoko i te whakapono Pai Mārire (Hauhau) e ātete ana ki ngā mahi a te kāwanatanga. Ko Ngā Rauru tētahi o ngā iwi i tautoko i te Pai Mārire i ngā pakanga ki Taranaki i te tekau tau atu i 1860. Ka kitea i te whakaahua nei ngā haki o ngā kaiārahi o te Pai Mārire pērā i a Te Ua Haumēne, a Tītokowaru, a Te Peehi Tūroa.
Te whakamahi i tēnei tūemi
Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa
Reference: F.7056/41 - W. F. Gordon, Te Ua flag
Permission of the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa must be obtained before any re-use of this image.


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Nga Korero Paremete: 1901
Kuini Wikitoria
Kuini Wikitoria.
Te Pika (Mr. Speaker), ka panui i te pukapuka i tukua mai e te Kawana:—
"Ranapare, Kawana.
"Ka nui te pouri o te Kawana ki te whakaatu ki te Whare kua mate to tatou Kuini tino Atawhai a Wikitoria, no te Turei, te 22 o nga ra o Hanuere, 1901, i waenganui o te ono me te whitu karaka i page 26te ahiahi, i mate ai ki Osborne House, Isle of Wight, Ingarangi.
"Kua tu ko tana tama matamua, ko Arapeta Eruera, Piriniha o Weera, hei kai-whakakapi mo tona turanga, a no te 24 o nga ra o Hanuere, 1901, i panuitia ai ki Ingarangi, a no te 28 o nga ra o taua marama ano i panuitia ai ki Niu Tireni, te tuunga o Eruera te Tuawhitu hei Kingi.
"Ko te Panuitanga i whakaputaina nei ki Niu Tireni i ata perehitia ki roto ki te Kahiti i te 4 o nga ra o Pepuere, 1901, e whai ake nei:—
"Panuitanga.
"Notemea kua pai nei te Atua Kaha Rawa, he nui nei hoki no tana mahi tohu, ki te tango ki a ia i te wairua o to tatou Rangatira o Kuini Wikitoria, Ingoa Rongo Nui, Ingoa Kororia, kua mate nei, a no tona matenga i tau tika ai te Karauna Imipiriara o te Rangatiratanga o Kereiti Piritana me Airana, me era whenua katoa o te Kuini kua mate nei, ki tona Tino Rangatira, Mana Nui, ki a Piriniha Eruera, ki a ia anake: Na, tenei tatou a Uchter John Mark, Earl of Ranfurly, te Kawana o te Koroni o Niu Tireni, me Richard John Seddon, he Mema nei ia no te Kaunihera Whiriwhiri a te Kuini, kua mate nei, me Joseph George Ward te Kai-Riiwhi o te Pirimia o taua Koroni, hui atu ki nga Mema o te Kaunihera Whiriwhiri o taua Koroni, hui atu ki nga Mema o nga Whare e rua o te Paremete, me Nga Tiati o te Hupirimi Kcoti, nga Kai-whakawa, nga Apiha o nga Kooti, nga Minita o nga Hahi, nga Mea o nga Taone, nga Tiamana me nga Mema o nga Ropu Whakahaere Takiwa, me era atu Pakeha tokomaha, Maori tokomaha hoki, kua tae tinana mai nei ki konei, tenei tatou i runga i te waha kotahi, i runga hoki i te whakaae o te arero raua ko te ngakau ka panui, ka whakaatu nei, no runga i te matenga o to tatou Kuini, Ingoa Rongo Nui, Ingoa Kororia, kua tu ko te Tino Rangatira Mana Nui, ke Piriniha Arapeta Eruera, ko ia anake, ko Eruera te Tuawhitu, hei Ariki mo tatou i runga i te atawhai o te Atua, ko ia te Kingi o Kereiti Piritana me Airana, Kai-tiaki o te Whakapono, Emepara o Inia, Tino Ariki o te Koroni o Niu Tireni me nga Wahi katoa i raro i te mana o taua Koroni, e tino whakaae ana tatou ki te piri pono ki a ia, me te whakarongo tonu ki a ia i runga i te ngakau hari me te ngakau iti, aroha hoki, me te inoi ki te Atua, nana nei i tu ai nga kingi me nga kuini, kia manaakitia te Roiara Piriniha Eruera te Tuawhitu, kia roa ai, kia hari ai ona tau e tu ana hei Kingi mo tatou.
"He mea whakaputa i Poneke, i roto i te Koroni o Niu Tireni, i tenei te rua-tekau-ma-waru o nga ra o Hanuere, kotahi mano e iwa rau ma tahi.
Ranfurly.
R. J. Seddon.
J. G. Ward.
W. C. Walker.
C. H. Mills.
Dudley Alexander, Kapene.
"E te atua Tohungia te Kingi!"
Ka mutu nga whai-korero a te Pirimia me Kapene Rahera, ka tau te motini me tuku he kupu mihi ma te Whare ki te Kawana a ma te Kawana e tuku atu ki Ingarangi, ki te Hekeretari Nui mo nga Koroni.
No te hawhe-paahi i te toru karaka ka hiki te Whare.


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E whakarārangi ana tēnei papatau i ngā mahi katoa i puta i te pukapuka tuatoru o Te ao mārama. Hui katoa, e rima ngā pukapuka me ngā tuhinga reo rua, paki mai, ōkawa mai a ngā kaituhi Māori. Ko Witi Ihimaera te ētita, ā, i whakaputaina te pukapuka nei mai i te tau 1992 ki te tau 1996. I kōwhiri a Ihimaera i ngā tuhinga a te hunga ora me te hunga mate kia kapi katoa ai ngā tuhinga paki Māori. Ko te pukapuka tuatoru ko Te puawaitanga o te kōrero: the flowering (1993) tērā ka aro ki ngā kaituhi atu i ngā tau tōmua o te tekau tau 1980.
Te whakamahi i tēnei tūemi
This item has been provided for private study purposes (such as school projects, family and local history research) and any published reproduction (print or electronic) may infringe copyright law. It is the responsibility of the user of any material to obtain clearance from the copyright holder.
Source: Witi Ihimaera, ed., Te ao marama. Auckland: Reed, 1992.


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E 1,600 kiromita te tawhiti o Aotearoa i Ahitereiria me Te Moananui-a-Kiwa. Ko ōna motu nui e toru ko Te Ika-a-Māui, ko Te Wai Pounamu, ko Rakiura. Ka mea ngā tāngata o Te Wai Pounamu (e 150,437 sq km), ko tērā motu kē te ‘whenua nui’. He rahi atu tērā motu i Te Ika-a-Māui (e 113,729 sq km). E 1,680 sq kiromita te rahi o Rakiura.
He takoto roa ngā moutere nunui o Aotearoa. Ko ngā ingoa tonu ka tohu ki te roa o te whenua, inā - Te Ika-a-Māui, Te Waka-o-Māui. E 1,500 kiromita te roa o ēnei motu e toru kei ngā ahopae 34° me 47° ki te tonga.
Neke atu i te e 700 ngā moutere o Aotearoa. Ko te nuinga, he ririki, kāore noa iho e neke atu i te e 50 kiromita mai i tētahi o ngā moutere nui. Ko ngā motu nei ngā tihi o tētahi mānia papa moana. Koinei te take he nui ngā tauranga hī ika o Aotearoa.
E 800 kiromita ki te rāwhiti o Te Wai Pounamu, ko Rēkohu / Wharekauri. Kei reira anō ētahi moutere kāore he tangata: e 1000 kiromita i te raki-mā-rāwhiti o Tāmaki-makau-rau, ko ngā moutere Kermadec; kei te tonga o Te Wai Pounamu ngā moutere o Bounty, o Snares, o Antipodes, o Auckland, o Campbell.
He pukepuke te rahi o Te Ika-a-Māui, ko te nuinga o ēnei whenua kua pāmutia. Ko ngā ika whenua e toru - a Tararua, a Ruahine, a Kaimanawa - ka toro mai i te tonga ki te raki-mā-rāwhiti, ka kake ki te 1,700 mita. Kei ngā takiwā pēnei ngā toenga o te wao nui. Kei te puku o Te Ika-a-Māui ngā puia maunga, ko te moana o Taupō-nui-a-Tia ki te taha. Ko Taupō te roto nui rawa o Aotearoa; he rua puia tawhito tēnei kua kī i te wai.
Ko Ngā Puke-māeroero (Southern Alps) te tuarā o Te Wai Pounamu; e 3,000 mita te teitei o ēnei maunga. Kei te uru o ngā maunga ko ngā ngahere karawhiua ana e te ua. Ki te rāwhiti o ngā maunga ko Ngā Pākihi-whakatekateka-o-Waitaha, nā ngā awa ka rere mai i ngā maunga i auaha. Ki te tonga ko ngā roto nui nā ngā awa kōpaka i tīkaro.
He moutere pukepuke a Rakiura. Kāore tēnei motu e pērā i ngā moutere nui, arā, ūhia tonutia ana ia e te ngahere.
He maramara noa iho a Aotearoa nō te whenua rarahi kīia ai, ko Gondwana. Ko ngā moutere o Aotearoa ngā tihi o tētahi whenua rarahi i whati mai i Ahitereiria i te rāwhiti o Gondwanaland i ngā waru tekau miriona tau ki mua.
Mai anō i te wā Cambrian (neke atu i te e 500 miriona tau ki mua), he maha ngā pikinga, ngā hekenga o te moana. Pakaru iho he pae maunga, ara mai he pae maunga. Haua ana a Papatūānuku e ngā hū nui o ngā puia, ngā rū whenua nui, me ngā horo whenua. He maha ngā awa kōpaka kua tīraha i runga i te whenua me te koero i te mahana haere me te makariri haere anō o te āhuarangi i ngā tau kua pahure.
Nō te mahana haere o te ao i ngā tau e 13,000 ki mua, ka tīmata ngā awa kōpaka te rewa. Ki te whārua o Monowai i Murihiku, ka koero tētahi awa kōpaka i te whakatū i te tahataha o tētahi whārua. Nō konā ka hinga tētahi pae maunga iwa kiromita te roa, haruru ana te horonuku nui whakaharahara. Nā tēnei i auaha ētahi roto, tae atu ki te Green Lake kei Te Rua-o-te-moko (Fiordland). Ki te rū anō ki Ngā Puke-māeroero, ka horo te whenua, ka kati ngā huarahi. E ai ki ngā tohunga pūtaiao, e kore e pērā te nui o ngā rū ā ngā rā kei te tū tērā ki te rū nui whakaharahara nāna i auaha te Green Lake.
Mō ngā hia miriona tau, ka mānu te whenua nei o Aotearoa i te moana, kātahi anō ka tau ki te ripa tauārai i waenganui i ngā papanga whenua (tectonic plates) o Indo-Australian me Pacific. Kīia ai tēnei pito o te ao, ko te Porowhita Mura (Ring of Fire), koinei te take tū mai he pae maunga, hinga atu he pae maunga. I auahatia Ngā Puke-māeroero i te tukinga me te whakahipa o ētahi papanga whenua nui whakaharahara.
Kei ngā kōrero tuku iho a te Māori ngā kōrero mō te rū me te parawhenua mea. E ai ki ngā tohunga pūtaiao, i te pokapū o te rau tau atu i 1400, i toremi te takutai o Aotearoa i te tukinga o tētahi ngaru nui e 10 mita te teitei; ngaro katoa ngā kāinga Māori ki tai. Ia toru rau tau ka rongo a Aotearoa i tētahi rū nui rawa atu. Nā te roa o te wā kua hipa, e mea ana ētahi kei te haere mai tētahi rū e 8 neke atu rānei i te tauine Richter.
Kīhai he wāhi i Aotearoa tawhiti atu i te e 130 kiromita i te moana. Inā te roa o te takutai, kei waenganui i te e 15,000 ki te e 18,000 kiromita. Nā te kōpikopiko o te takutai, te rahi me te nui o ngā kokoru, ngā kūrae, ngā koutu, ngā whanga, aha atu, he uaua te ine he aha ake te roa o te takutai. Ahakoa pakupaku iho a Te Ika-a-Māui i a Te Wai Pounamu, he roa atu tōna takutai.
Tata ki te e 66% o te takutai o Aotearoa he toka, he kōhatu; ko te toenga he oneone, he kirikiri. E 80 ōrau o te takutai ka pākia tikatia e te moana, ko te toenga he whanga, he wahapū. Pākia kinotia ai a Aotearoa e ngā tai o te uru me te tonga.
Ruarua noa ngā tāngata i Aotearoa ka kainga e te mango. Waihoki, ko te mango kē me wehi i te tangata; inarā, he mango te ika nui ka tunua me te kotakota rīwai ki Aotearoa. He tino kai te mango ki te Māori, ā, tae rawa ki ana hua ina maroke. I tētahi mahinga i te tekau tau atu i 1850, e 7000 ngā mango i mau e te iwi o Te Rarawa ki te whanga o Rangaunu i Te Tai Tokerau.
He mahana, he mātaitai ngā wai o te raki me te uru; he matao, kāore hoki e tino mātaitai ngā wai mai i te tonga. E 21°C te pā mahana o ngā wai ki te raki, e 14°C anake te pā mahana ki te tonga. Nā te mahana, haerea ai ngā tātahi o te raki e te tini tangata; engari anō ngā tātahi ki te tonga, nā te makariri, ruarua noa iho ngā tāngata.
Kitea nuitia ai ngā momo hoiho (penguin) ki ngā wai o Aotearoa. Kitea whānuitia ai te kororā (little blue penguin) ki ngā wai o Aotearoa, atu i te hiku o te ika ki Rakiura. He kahurangi ōna huruhuru, he mā te tae o tōna puku. Ko te kororā te hoiho pakupaku rawa o te ao, e 25 henimita te roa, e 1 koma-mano noa iho te taumaha. Noho ai rātou ki te whāngai i ā rātou pīpī ki ngā kōruarua me ngā whāwhārua. Kei ētahi tāone pērā i a Ōamaru i te raki o Ōtākou, i a Oban i Rakiura, i a Te Whanganui-a-Tara te tāone matua, haere rā anō ētahi kororā ki raro o ngā kāinga whakatakoto kōhanga ai.
Ka hia rau ngā momo ika kei ngā wai tai o Aotearoa. Kitea anōtia ai he kekeno, he kakerangi, he aihe, he tohorā.
He rahi ngā pūkawa ka ūhia ki te rimurapa. Koinei ngā wāhi muia ai e te ika. I ngā raumati he rerekē te pā mahana i Aotearoa, atu i te e 9°C i te moutere o Campbell, ki e 24°C i te moutere o Kermadec. Koinei te take he maha ngā tūmomo ika, kararehe i te moana. Ko te tāmure (snapper) me te hake (kingfish) ki te raki, ko te tāngahangaha (banded wrasse), te koihi (telescope fish), te puaihakarua (sea perch) ki te tonga.
Inā te mātaitai ki ngā wahapū me tātahi. He tino kai ki te Māori te kūtai, te pāua, te pipi, aha atu. Mahia ai te anga o te pāua me te tipa hei whakapaipai i ngā kāinga me ngā māra o ēnei rā.
Kāore e tino nui ngā kōrero mō ngā wai hōhonu kei waho ake o te pūkawa raurarahi (continental shelf). Inā te nui o te papa moana kōparuparu kore he ika, pēnei tonu i te koraha te āhua. Ahakoa tērā, kei reira anō ngā wāhi haumako, kei ngā pae maunga me ngā mānia i raro i te wai; kikī ana ēnei wāhi i te ika, te tipu, te aha noa.
Kei waenganui a Aotearoa i Te Tiri o Te Moana (Antarctica) me te weheruatanga o te ao (Equator), i ngā ahopae e 34° me e 47° ki te tonga. Ko ngā hau pūkeri nui me ngā ngaru whakapuke ka papaki i a Aotearoa, ka ahu mai i tēnei rohe o te moana. Noho tata ai ngā moutere o te raki ki te ahopae, ko ngā moutere o te tonga noho tata ai ki Te Tiri o Te Moana. Kei waenganui i ēnei pito, ko Aotearoa – he whenua āhua makariri, he whenua āhua mahana, koirā te take ka tino rerekē te āhuarangi i roto i te rā kotahi.
Ki Aotearoa tūtaki ai ngā hau mahana, haumākū o te raki ki ngā hau mātao, hau maroke o te tonga. Kāore e rata ēnei hau tētahi ki tētahi; koinā te take e kōripo marama ai ngā rangi. Ahu mai ai ēnei hau pūkeri nui i te uru o Aotearoa.
Kīia ai te hau mahana e heke ana i te rangi, he ‘ikeike’ (high pressure system). Koinei ngā hau e puta ai ngā rangi pai. Ia ono rā, whitu rā rānei, ka pupuhi whakaterāwhiti ngā ‘ikeike’ nei i te motu. Kei waenganui i ngā ‘ikeike’ nei, ko ngā hau kake whakarunga, arā, ko ngā ‘pāpaku’ (low pressure system).
Kei waenganui i ngā kohinga hau (air mass), ko ngā ‘aro mātao’ (cold front) – koinei ngā paenga i waenganui i ngā kohinga hau mahana (warm air mass) me ngā kohinga hau mātao (cold air mass). He pēnei te ia huarere; ka tata haere mai te aro mātao, ka kaha ake ngā hauāuru, ka nui haere te kāpuapua. Kātahi ka heke te marangai mō ētahi hāora, kia hipa rā anō te aro mātao, ka huri haere te hau makariri me te marangai mai i te tonga-mā-uru.
Koinei te āhua o te rangi ki ēnei motu mō ake tonu atu, ko te aro mahana, ko te aro mātao, ko te aro mahana, ko te aro mātao.
Ngā wāhanga o te tau ki Aotearoa:
Hei ētahi rā ka puta ngā wāhanga katoa o te tau.
Mō te nuinga o te wā ka pupuhi ngā hau ki Aotearoa mai i te uru. Ko te pito tonga o Amerika rāua ko Aotearoa anake ngā whenua kei ngā ahopae o te tonga. Waihoki, kāore he whenua hei pōrearea i ngā hau ka pupuhi mō te e 10,000 km.
Tērā tetahi hauātiu (nor’wester) kīia ai, ko te parera, ka whakataka marangai ki Te Tai Poutini (West Coast), kātahi ka kake i Ngā Puke-māeroero (Southern Alps), kia pupuhi hei hau maroke ki Ngā Pākihi-whakatekateka-o-Waitaha (Canterbury Plains). Ka pupuhi ana tēnei hau ki Waitaha, ka piki te rahi o ngā mate whakamomori, ka ānini ngā māhunga o ngā tāngata, ka kiriweti ngā tāngata mō te kore noa iho. Ka tino kaha tana pupuhi, ka turakina ngā hēte pāmu me ngā whare. He rite te parera ki te hau mistral o Wīwī, te hau Santa Ana o Karapōnia, te Chinook o Kānata, arā, he hau maroke ka pupuhi i te raumati. Heoi, hei te takurua ka tau te parera (nor’wester) o Waitaha.
Tumeke katoa ngā kaihōpara Pākehā tōmua i a rātou ka toro ki ngā takiwā ikeike; tata tonu rātou ka hinga ki raro i te hau nei. Hāunga te Māori, he matatau ia ki ngā hau; inarā neke atu i te tekau mā rua ō rātou ingoa mō tēnā hau, mō tēnā hau.
He hau rongonui te parera o Waitaha, pērā anō hoki te hau tonga ka kawe i ngā naku mai i Te Tiri o Te Moana.
Kei te takoto o ngā pae maunga te awe nui ki runga i te kaha o te marangai ki Aotearoa. Me kī, he maroke ki te rāwhiti, he mākū ki te uru. Ko te toharite marangai ā-tau, mai i te e 300 tuke haumano i te puku o Ōtākou, ki te e 6,000 tuke haumano ki Piopiotahi (Milford Sound) i te tonga mā-uru o Te Wai Pounamu. Ko te marangai kaha rawa atu i rekōtitia, ko te e 18,000 tuke haumano ki te awa o Cropp, he hawai nā te awa o Hokitika i Te Tai Poutini. Heoi, ka whiwhi te nuinga o ngā rohe i te e 600 – 1,500 tuke haumano. Hei tua atu, he nui ngā wāhi o te whenua ka whiwhi i te e 2,500 tuke haumano marangai ia tau.
Kei te uru paku iho a Aotearoa i te rārangi tāima (International Date Line); ko Wharekauri te whenua tuatahi o te ao kia whitikia e te rā. Ko Ōpawa (Blenheim), ko Whakatū (Nelson) ko Whakatāne ka whitikia i te rā mō te neke atu i te e 2,350 hāora ia tau. He mahana anō hoki ngā rohe o Te Moana-a-Toitehuatahi (Bay of Plenty) me Te Matau-a-Māui (Hawkes Bay). Ina kaumātua haere, he tokomaha ngā tāngata ka hūnuku ki ngā rohe ki te raki noho ai. Hāunga tērā, ka pā anō he mate i ngā hihi o te rā i Aotearoa. Ko Tāmaki-makau-rau te wāhi kino rawa o te ao mō te mate tonapuku (melanoma).
He nui ngā rohe o Aotearoa ka whitikia e te rā mō te e 2,000 hāora ia tau, tae rawa ake ki Te Tai Pounamu, te rohe mākū rawa, ka whitikia e te rā mō ngā hāora e 1800 ia tau. Ka whitikia a Murihiku me te takutai o Ōtākou e te rā mō te e 1,700 hāora ia tau.
He waia te hau kāinga o te puku o Ōtākou ki te mātao; heoi i te marama o Hūrae i te tau 1991 ka pēhia rātou e te naku, e te mātaotao. Nō te kawenga mai o tētahi ikeike (high pressure system) me te hukapapa, ka heke te pā makariri ki te -15°C. Koirā te wā tuatahi ka totoka te awa o Shotover mō te neke atu i te kotahi rau tau. Ka whati ngā pou hiko nā te taumaha, ka totoka ngā wūru hipi ki te papa, ka pahū ngā kōrere wai, ka kene te penehīni (diesel). Heoi ko te raruraru nui rawa atu ka pā mai, ko te hukapapatanga o ngā pia i ngā pāpara kāuta!
Ka tika tērā kōrero mō Te Tai Tokerau, arā, ko te whenua mahana. Hāunga anō ērā takiwā o te tonga, arā, he ōrite te makariri ki Ūropi. Ko te toharite pā mahana i Te Tai Tokerau ka heke iho i te e 15°C, ki te e 10°C ki Murihiku. Ko Hānuere me Pēpuere ngā marama mahana rawa, ko Hūrae te marama makariri rawa.
Ko te rā wera rawa atu - e 42.4°C - i puta ki Rangiora (7 Pēpuere 1973) me Jordan (3 Hūrae 1995) i Te Wai Pounamu. I Ophir i te puku o Ōtākou i te 3 o ngā rā o Hūrae 1995, ka heke te pā makariri ki te -21.6°C.
He whenua kākāriki a Aotearoa – he māotaota te tata ki te katoa o ngā rākau māori. He āhua rite te wao ki ngā te takiwā pārū (tropics). Ko te kauri me ētahi atu rākau nui hei whakamarumaru mō ngā tipu o te wao. Kīia ai ēnei momo rākau he podocarp. He whanaunga ngā rākau podocarp ki ngā rākau tuauri whāioio o Gondwana (te whenua rarahi i ngā tau e 190 miriona tau ki mua).
E 45 miriona tau ki mua, i te wā e pāpaku iho ana ngā wai o te moana; he wāhanga a Aotearoa o tētahi whenua nui i toro ki Kanaki (New Caledonia). Heoi, ka piki haere ngā wai, ka motuhake te tū o Aotearoa; i roto i ngā miriona tau, ka whanake ētahi tipu kāore e kitea ki ētahi atu whenua o te ao. Kei konei anō ētahi atu tipu nō tāwāhi, engari nō muri rawa ērā tae ai. Mai anō i tōna tū motuhake, ka pūhia e te hau, ka kawea e te tai me te manu ētahi tipu mai Ahitereiria me Te Moananui-a-Kiwa ki Aotearoa.
E 700 tau ki mua ka tae ngā tāngata tuatahi ki Aotearoa; mai i taua wā, neke atu i te e 75% o te wao kua topea, kua tahuna. Nā te ahi, nā te toki nā te parau te wao i whakawātea mō ngā kaupapa ahuwhenua. Ka ngaro te wao nui, ka tū mai ko te tini o ngā pāmu. Heoi anō, kei ngā wāhi pukepuke, hiwihiwi kitea ai ngā toenga o te wao nui.
He koroī (conifer-broadleaf) ngā rākau ki Te Ika-a-Māui. Ka pai ki ēnei momo rākau ngā raorao, ngā whenua haumako. Ko ētahi o ēnei momo rākau ko te rimu, te mataī, te miro, te kāmahi, te tawa. E rima ngā papanga o ngā ngahere ki Te Ika-a-Māui. Kei runga rawa ake, ko ngā rākau nunui ka whakamarumaru i ngā rākau paku iho. Kei raro iho i ngā rākau paku iho, ko ngā māhuri kei te pihi ake. Kei raro iho i ēnei papanga e toru ko ngā mauwha (shrub), ā, tatū rawa iho ki ngā tipu i te whenua. Kākahutia ai te papa o te ngahere e ngā momo rarauhe, kei runga ake ngā rākau aruhe; ko te kaponga tētahi o ēnei momo. Ka tangohia ngā tētē o te kaponga hei tohu mō tēnei whenua. Kitea anōtia ai ngā koroī ki ngā raorao o Te Wai Pounamu me Rakiura.
Ko ngā ngahere i ngā ika whenua anake ngā ngahere o Te Wai Pounamu i mahue i ngā ahi-kai-rākau a te tangata. He pāpaku ngā oneone i ēnei wāhi. He mārakerake ngā ngahere o Te Wai Pounamu; ko ngā momo o te tawai ngā tino rākau, arā, te tawai whero (red beech), te hutu (hard beech), te tawai-rauriki (black beech), te tirowhārangi (silver beech). Tērā ētahi wāhi kitea ai he uru koroī (conifers-broadleaf) ki ēnei ngahere, te nuinga o ēnei uru kei ngā whārua. Kei te tū ētahi ngahere koroī ki tai. Ka kainga e te ahi te haurua o ngā ngahere o Te Wai Pounamu – me kī ngā wāhi raorao ki te rāwhiti - i roto i te 200-300 tau i te taenga o te Māori. Whāia, ka tipu te mania (tussock). Kainga kinotia te ngahere e ngā kararehe a te Pākehā – te paihamu, te tia, te nanekoti, aha atu. Ka tipu anō nga ngahere tawai ki ngā pae maunga o Te Ika-a-Māui.
Tērā te ripa tauārai kei ngā pae maunga, e kore te rākau e tipu kei runga ake. He pāpaku ngā rākau ki konei. E 1450 mita te ripa tauārai ki te puku o Te Ika-a-Māui, e 500 mita anake ki te tonga o Rakiura.
Ehara te ngahere i te ngahere noa iho; kua whai pakiaka kē ki te ngākau o te iwi. Haere ai te tangata ki roto ngahere ki te hīkoikoi, te hī ika, te whakangau. Tūturu, ko tā te wao he tāwharau i te tangata i ngā tutetute o te ao hurihuri.
Kitea ai te tī kouka ki ngā wāhi katoa o Aotearoa. Ka nanao te Māori ki ngā rau, te kāuru me ngā pakiaka hei kai, hei kākahu, hei rongoā hoki. Nā ngā Pākehā tōmua i tapa te ingoa cabbage tree mō te tī. I kainga matatia, i kōhuatia rāneitia e rātou ngā rau, ka kainga pērā i te kāpeti. E ai ki ngā tatauranga, e 4 miriona ngā rākau tī kōuka, me kī kotahi mō ia tangata.
Whakamahia ai e te Māori ngā rākau o te wao pērā i te tōtara, te mataī, te kauri, hei hanga waka, hei hanga whare. I tō rātou taenga ki Aotearoa e 700 tau ki mua, ka kite ngā Māori, he pai ake te muka o Aotearoa i ngā momo o te muka ki Te Moananui-a-Kiwa. Nā te kore maitai, me te kore whakangote (mammal) hei mahi kākahu, i tino kaingākau te Māori ki te muka o te harakeke. Ka whanake ō rātou pūkenga raranga, atu i te raranga whāriki me te raranga kete, ki te whiri taura hei aho, hei kupenga, te mahi rā (sail), tāwharau, kākahu hoki.
Neke atu i te e 600 ngā tipu kei ngā wāhi ikeike (alpine). E 93% o ēnei tipu kāore e kitea i ētahi atu wāhi. Ko te kōanga te wā pai mō te haere ki ngā wāhi ikeike i te mea, ahakoa ngā toenga huka i ngā pakohu, pua ana ngā tipu ki ngā mānia. Ka ahu ki te tonga, ka nui atu te huka. Ka pua ngā tipu i te raki i te tautahi, kātahi ka pua ko ērā i te tonga. Ki te pito tonga o Rakiura, tipu ai ēnei momo putiputi ki te ritenga moana, nā reira hei te paunga o te marama o Hānuere rā anō ka pua.
Ka hōrapa te tikumu (mountain daisy) ki ngā wāhi ikeike. He tea ōna raupua, he kōwhai ki waenganui. Āhua e 50 ngā momo tipu kei ngā wāhi ikeike.
I te hōparatanga haere o ngā
kaimātai huaota (botanist) tōmua, ka hura rātou i ētahi momo hōu. I tana
toronga ki te ika whenua o Ruahine, ka hurahia e Te Koroneho (William
Colenso) te kurikuri (speargrass/Spaniard). Ki te noho koe ki runga i te
kurikuri, auē, ka mamae koe. ‘He rahi te hanga o te kurikuri. Kia
tūpato! Kaua e nōhia, ka mamae katoa tō tou!
Ki tā te Pākehā titiro, he koretake ngā repo me ngā whenua haumākū. Ka kerikeri hawai rātou hei whakatahe i te wai kia pai ai mō ngā kaupapa ahuwhenua. I roto i te e 150 tau ka pahure, i whakatahea te e 85% o ngā repo me ngā whenua haumākū, mai i te e 700,000 heketea ki te e 100,000 heketea. Ahakoa ngā mano repo o ēnei rā, he ririki te nuinga. He wāhi nui ngā repo ki tai - he kāinga, he kōhanga, he mahinga kai mā ngā mātaitai, ngā koura, ngā ika waimāori, ngā tuna, ngā manu hoki. He kāinga ngā repo mō te e 20% o ngā manu tūturu o Aotearoa.
Kei te ahuwhenuatia te nuinga o ngā whenua o Aotearoa. E ai ki te kōrero, e 25,000 ngā momo tipu mai tāwāhi kei Aotearoa – ko te nuinga mō ngā māra me ngā kaupapa ahuwhenua. Kei ngā pāmu puta i Aotearoa ngā otaota ryegrass me te korowa (clover).
Ko te whiro (willow) ka tipu i ngā tahatika o ngā manga me ngā awa; whakatipuria ai te pāpara (poplar) Lombardy, te macrocarpa, te eucalyptus hei pāhauhau. Ka hōrapa te broom, te gorse te parakipere (blackberry) me ētahi atu māheuheu mai tāwāhi. Ko ētahi atu pērā i te pāina kua tau kē ki te mata o te whenua.
Ka whakatipuria ngā ngahere paina Monterey (Pinus radiata) nui rawa atu. I te tau 2001, kua kake ki te e 1.6 miriona heketea te rahi o ngā ngahere paina Monterey. Ki te huia katoatia ngā momo rākau pērā i te paina, ngā otaota, ngā tipu mai tāwāhi, ka kapi te haurua o ngā whenua o Aotearoa. Kei ētahi takiwā, nā te mahi a te hau, ka tipu noa te paina; ka tirohia ēnei rākau anō he tarutaru. Kei te panoni te āhua o ētahi o ngā ika whenua o Te Wai Pounamu i te hōrapa o ngā rākau nei.
Nā ngā mahi kino a te tangata me ngā kararehe i heria mai e ia, ka pōuri te hītori o ngā kararehe, manu, ngārara tūturu hoki o Aotearoa.
I mua i te taenga o te tangata, he whenua a Aotearoa nō te manu. I te ao i te pō, ka rongohia te ngaehe, te tangi, te huhū, te korowhio, te koukou o ngā manu a Tāne. I ngā rā ki mua, e 120 ngā momo kuihi (geese), pārera, moho (rail), moa, kākā, ruru, mātuhituhi, aha atu ki Aotearoa. O ēnei manu e 120, e 70 kāore e kitea ki tētahi atu whenua. Hauwhā o ngā manu nei he manu huna (nocturnal), inā kē te nui o ētahi. He manu nui whakaharahara te moa, he manu kāore e rere, ka kai timotimo i te rau rākau. Ko tōna ritenga ki ngā kararehe whakangote, ka hītekiteki te moho i te papa whenua pērā i te kiore.
Ko te moa te manu nui o Aotearoa i ngā rā ki mua. Ka rite ia ki te manu dodo, kua mate atu, tē hokinga mai. Anei he ruri a te Pākehā mō tōna matenga:
‘No moa, no moa
In old Ao-tea-roa
Can’t get ’em
They’ve et ’em
They’re gone and there ain’t no moa’. 1
Nā te noho motuhake o Aotearoa, ka whanake ngā manu pērā i te weka, te kea, te kākāpō. I tua atu i te hōkioi (Haast eagle), kāore he manu kai manu i Aotearoa. Taea rā anō e te hokioi te kai i ngā moa nui rawa atu. Tērā pea i te ora tonu te hōkioi i te taenga mai o te Māori. Tapaina ai te hōkioi mō tōna tangi.
I te haerenga mai o te Māori ki Aotearoa, ka whai mai te kiore me te kurī. Ka ngaro ētahi manu mō ake tonu atu. He māmā ki te Māori te hopu i ngā manu noho whenua, tae rawa ki te moa (ka hīkoi noa atu ki te moa ka paoa tōna ūpoko). Kāore e kore, nā te tangata ka ngaro ngā manu rarahi, engari kei te whakapaetia nā te kiore ka ngaro ētahi o ngā manu pakupaku me ngā hātaretare (kore tuarā).
Kia taka ki te rau tau atu i 1900, ka kawea mai e te Pākehā ētahi momo kiore, te tori hura (ferret), te tori uaroa (weasel), te toriura (stoat), te ngeru, te poaka, te kurī. Nā tēnei, ka ngaro ētahi atu manu, kararehe hoki.
Kua kitea e ētahi kaimātai pūtaiao, a Trevor Worthy me Richard Holdaway, te take kua ngaro te maha o ngā manu o Aotearoa i roto i te e 700 tau kua pahure. Ahakoa ngā ariā mō te ngaronga o ngā manu – te rerekē haere o te āhuarangi me te taiao i roto i ngā rau tau, te tahumaero, te tūpuhi o ngā ira o ngā manu ka ngaro, kāore he whakamārama mō tēnei tūponotanga mīharo ka whai. I te taenga mai o te tangata ka tīmata te whakangaro o ngā manu, kararehe, aha atu. Ko te whakamārama mō tēnei āhuatanga; nā ngā kararehe tauhōu me te tangata, ka ngaro ngā manu.’ 2
Ka ora ētahi manu ki ngā moutere ririki. Ka mārama te hunga tiaki taiao ki tēnei, ka whakanōhia ngā manu e wharengaro ana ki ngā moutere nei. He wāhi nui tō ngā moutere nei i te kaupapa whakaora manu; patua rawatia ngā konihi kia ora ai ngā manu.
Heoi, e 30 pea ngā momo manu kei te tata ngaro. Ko te kiwi tētahi o ēnei manu. Tino rerekē tēnei manu; kāore ia e rere; ka rite ōna huruhuru o raro ki te makawe, he roa ōna pāhau; he manu huna (nocturnal). Kāore te nuinga o te taupori kia kite i tētahi kiwi. E ai ki te Māori, ko te kiwi te manu huna a Tāne-mahuta, te atua o te ngahere. Ka rongohia tonuhia te tangi a te kiwi ki ētahi rohe i te pō.
Arā atu ētahi momo tūturu, ko ētahi kei te ora tonu i ēnei rā. I te taenga o te tangata ki Aotearoa, e toru ngā whakangote noho ki te papa whenua; kotahi anake kei te ora i ēnei rā.
Ko te wētā tētahi momo ahurei o Aotearoa. Ahakoa te weriweri o tōna āhua pērā i te māwhitiwhiti (grasshopper), he hūmārie te wētā. Ko te tuatara te ngārara rongonui ki Aotearoa; e 24 henimeta te roa, he pōturi tana korikori, e 60 tau e ora ana ia.
I ana tuhinga o te tau 1770, ka tuhi a Joseph Banks mō te kore kīrehe (ngā kararehe waewae whā) o Aotearoa:
‘Te āhua nei, kāore he kīrehe ki tēnei whenua. Ka mau ngā tāngata Māori i ngā kākahu i mahia mai i ngā huruhuru o te kurī me ngā manu; ko ā rātou whakakai i ahua mai i ngā kōiwi me ngā niho o ngā manu me ngā kurī. Nā reira ka whakapae ahau, mehemea he kararehe i tua atu i te kurī me te manu ki tēnei whenua, kua whakamahia kētia e te Māori ōna kōiwi hei whakakai.’ 3
He ahurei te mokomoko (gecko), ka whakawhānau ia i ana punua pērā i te tangata, hei aha te paopao hua (egg). He rerekē ngā ngārara nei tētahi i tētahi – ko ētahi ka noho ki runga rākau, ko ētahi ka noho kē ki ngā hiwi maunga kōhatu.
He kararehe tuauri whāioio te ngākeoke (peripatus) –e hia rau miriona tau ki mua ka maranga ōna whanaunga. He kararehe rerekē te ngākeoke, ko tōna ritenga he noke whai waewae; ina kite ia i tērā e hiakai ana ia, ka tuhaina e ia. Ko te papa o te ngahere te kāinga o ētahi momo ngata kai kiko, a Powelliphanta me Paryphanta.
Kāore i tūkinotia rawatia ngā ika wai māori pērā i ngā manu tūturu. Ahakoa te iti haere o ngā ika wai māori, kotahi anake te ika kua ngaro, ko te upokororo (grayling). Ahu mai ai te tokomaha o ngā ika wai māori i te momo o te galaxiid. He tino kai ki te Māori te īnanga, arā, te hua o ngā ika wai māori. Ka ora rawa atu te taraute ki Aotearoa. Ka whakapaetia, nā te taraute ka ngaro te upokororo me ētahi atu ika wai māori.


text:
E tōtara wāhi rua ana ngā whakaaro o te marea i te tonga o Tāmaki Makaurau mō te whai hua a te Māori i te kāwanatanga tūhono hōu nei. He kotahi tau kua hipa i te aranga ake o Reipa me Aotearoa Tuatahi hei kāwanatanga tūhono.
Tūtohu James Shaw. Ngā hua 1 - 5 o te 5 mō
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Māori world view essential for Zero Carbon Bill- Youth
Ko tā te rōpū rangatahi nānā te Ture Āhuarangi i kōkiri ki te whare pāremata, me whai wāhi ngā iwi Māori ki ngā kōwhiringa, ka mutu me whakamana hoki tēnei ture i te Tiriti o Waitangi. I tuku atu te tono a Gen Zero ki te Minita Take Āhuarangi ki a James Shaw i tēra pō.
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E manahau ana ngā kaipāmu Māori i te tohe a te kāwanatanga kia whakaheke iho i te tuku mewaro
E manahau ana ngā kaipāmu Māori i te tohe a te kāwanatanga ki te whakaheke iho i te tuku mewaro, kia noho kore ai hei te tau rua mano, rima tekau. E whai ana tēnei i te kauhau a te Minita Take Āhua ā-Rangi, ki te hui Āhua ā-rangi i tū ki Te Taitokerau, ki Whangārei.
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Final debate marks end of Green Party Co-leadership campaigns
Ko tā Marama Davidson ko ia te wahine tika hei Kaiārahi Takirua ki te Rōpū Kākariki atu i tana hoariri, hoamahi ano hoki a Julie-Anne Genter. Ka whakakapi te wā whai pōti i tēnei pō i te pakanga taupatupatu mutunga i Ōtepoti.
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Shaw in full support of Labour and awaits ministerial roles
E ai ki te kaiārahi o ngā Kākāriki ki a James Shaw, kei te rere te wairua harikoa ki waenga i tōna pāti whai muri i te whākatau a Winston Peters. Ko tā Shaw ki te hunga pāpāho inapō ka tautoko ā kaupapa ngā Kākāriki i a Reipa. Ahakoa te kii a te Pirimia hōu ki te marea ka tukuna ētahi tūranga minita ki ngā Kākāriki, e tatari tonu ana rātou ki ngā whakamahuki.


text:
No te wa poto noa, ko o maatau kei runga i nga Hua Rawa Rangataiao e tuku ana i nga ipu o Turmeric mo FREE! Ko nga mea katoa ka utua e koe he utu iti mo te tuku me te mahinga. Tenei FREE Turmeric tuku he tika i te whakarato i te whakamutunga.
Ko te putea PATI 60 tenei e whiwhi ana koe ehara i te tauira noa ake. I tua atu ki te 650mg o Turmeric Extract mo ia mahi, kei roto ano hoki te Turmeric me te BioPerine:
- Manganese (44%) - Ka awhina a Manganese ki te kirihono, nga wheua, me te rere toto. Ka awhina ano hoki ia ki to taatau i te waahanga atu ki etahi atu matū i roto i tenei ranunga
- Iron (14%) - Ko te Iron ka awhina i a koe ki te whakaoti i nga purotu
- Huaora B6 (5%) - Ka tauturu te Vitamin B6 ki te whakapai i to kiri, kanohi, makawe, me te ate
- Fiber (10%) - Ka tauturu te fiber i te tere o te kai i roto i to tahanga ika me te awhina i nga rerenga o te mumura i roto i to hiahia
- Kohua (9%) - Ka awhina te konupuku i te kohinga puka tinana me te muru i te rino, a he nui te mahi i roto i te mahi hanganga
- Te konupora (3%) - Ko te pāhare pāporo e tautoko ana i te taumata hauora o te pēhanga toto. He mea nui hoki hei pupuri i te toenga o nga waikawa me nga turanga i roto i to tinana
- Huaora K (8%) - Ko te Vitamin K he matūkai nui hei urupare ki nga whara
- Te konupora (3%) - Ka awhina te konupū ki te pupuri i te hauora tika me te hauora niho me te awhina ki te aukati i te mate pukupuku o te koroni me te whakaheke o te nui
- Chromium (4%) - Ka awhina a Chromium ki te whakahaere i te huka toto, a ka awhina i te kohinga o te waipiro ki roto ki nga pūtau, i reira ka taea te whakamahi mo te kaha
Pāwhiri Here ki te tiki i to koutou Turmeric FREE ki te whakauru BioPerine!
He pai ki te nui o te pounamu 1 o Turmeric? He mahi whakamataku hoki ta ratou e taea ai te hoko i te pounamu 1 i te utu hokohoko 49 katoa e taea ana e koe te tiki 3 atu putea Turmeric mo FREE. Pāwhiri Here mo te hoko 1 Tikina 3 Free mahi


text:
TUMU PARAU MATAMUA | NA VAI E TAMAHANAHANA ’TU?
Te tamahanahanaraa i roto i te fifi
Ua rau te mau ati ta te taata e faaruru. Eita iho â e nehenehe e hi‘opoa i te taatoaraa, e hi‘o ana‘e râ na maha tupuraa i faahitihia i te tuhaa matamua o teie tumu parau. E tapao ana‘e mea nafea tera mau taata o tei faaruru i te fifi rahi i fana‘o ai i te tamahanahanaraa no ǒ mai i te Atua.
IA ERE OE I TE OHIPA
Ma te haamana‘o i to raua tupuraa, te na ô ra Seth *: “Ua ere mâua ta ’u vahine i te ohipa i te hoê â taime. E piti matahiti te maoro, ua ora noa mâua na roto i te tauturu a te fetii e te tahi mau ohipa rii. I te hopearaa, ua hepohepo roa Priscilla, ua mana‘o atoa e ere o ’na i te mea faufaa.
Ua tia râ ia mâua ia faaoromai. Ua haamana‘o tamau Priscilla i te mau parau i roto i te Mataio 6:34. Ua parau Iesu eiaha e tapitapi i to ananahi ra, na ananahi hoi e tapitapi i ta ’na iho. Ua tauturu ta ’na mau pure haavare ore ia ’na ia faaoromai. No ’u, o te Salamo 55:22 tei tamahanahana mai. Mai te taata papai Salamo, ua huri au i to ’u mau fifi i nia ia Iehova e ua ite au na ’na i tauturu mai ia ’u. Noa ’tu, ua noaa ta ’u ohipa i teie nei, te haapao ra mâua i ta Iesu a‘oraa i roto i te Mataio 6:20-22 ma te tapea i te hoê oraraa haapae. Hau roa ’tu â, ua piri atu â mâua i te Atua, oia atoa te tahi i te tahi.”
Te faatia ra Jonathan: “Ua haapeapea vau i te topatariraa ta mâua taiete. No te fifi i te pae faanavairaa faufaa, ua mâu‘a 20 matahiti tautooraa. Ua haamata mâua ta ’u vahine i te tatama‘i no te moni. Aita atoa mâua i faaohipa i te tareta moni, a‘unei hoi te fare moni e ore e faatia i te aufau.
Ua tauturu mai râ te Parau a te Atua e to ’na varua mo‘a ia rave i te faaotiraa maitai. Aita vau i maiti faahou i te ohipa e ua faaea atoa mâua i te hue i te moni. Ei Ite no Iehova, ua fana‘o atoa mâua i te tauturu a te mau hoa Kerisetiano. Ua haapapu mai ratou e ere mâua i te mea faufaa ore e ua turu mai i te taime fifi roa.”
IA FAARUE TO HOA FAAIPOIPO IA OE
Te faatia ra Raquel: “I te faarueraa mai ta ’u tane ia ’u, ua oto vau e ua riri atoa. Ua mauiui roa ino. Ua haafatata râ vau i te Atua e ua tamahanahana oia ia ’u. Ua paruru te hau no ǒ mai i te Atua i to ’u aau a pure ai au ia ’na i te mau mahana atoa. No ’u, e au te rapaau ra te Atua i te pepe o to ’u aau!
Maoti ta ’Na Parau, te Bibilia, ua faaea vau i te riri e te inoino. Ua putapû roa hoi i te mau parau a te aposetolo Paulo i roto i te Roma 12:21, ‘Eiaha oe ia pohe i te ino, ia pohe râ te ino ia oe i te maitai.’
Ua tauturu mai te hoê hoa ia taa mea faufaa ia haere i mua. Ua faaite mai oia i te Koheleta 3:6 e ua parau mǎrû noa mai ‘e taime to te riroraa [aore ra vaiihoraa].’ E ere i te mea ohie ia farii i tera a‘oraa, tera râ te titauhia ia ’u ia rave. I teie nei, e fa apî ta ’u i roto i to ’u oraraa!”
Te parau ra Elizabeth: “Ia faaruehia oe e to hoa faaipoipo, e hinaaro oe te tauturu. Tera ta te hoê hoa i rave no ’u i tera e tera mahana. Ua ta‘i o ’na na muri ia ’u, ua tamahanahana mai e ua haapapu atoa mai e mea herehia vau. Ua papu ia ’u, ua faaohipa o Iehova ia ’na no te tamǎrû i to ’u aau.”
I ROTO I TE MA‘I AORE RA I TE RUHIRUHIARAA
E ma‘i mafatu rahi to Luis, tei faahitihia i te tuhaa matamua o teie tumu parau. Ua fatata oia i te pohe e piti taime. I teie nei, e titauhia ia faaohipa oia i te matini o te tauturu ia huti maitai i te aho 16 hora i te mahana. Te na ô ra oia: “E pure tamau vau ia Iehova. Oti ana‘e ta ’u pure, e taa ia ’u te horoa mai ra te Atua i te puai maoti to ’na varua mo‘a. E tauturu mai te pure ia faaitoito no te mea te tiaturi ra vau ia ’na e ua ite atoa te tâu‘a ra o ’na ia ’u.”
Te faataa ra Petra, e 80 matahiti: “Mea rahi te ohipa ta ’u e hinaaro e rave, aita râ e haere faahou. E ere i te mea ohie ia ite i to oe puai ia iti noa ’tu. Ua rohirohi roa vau e e titauhia ia rave noa i te raau. E pinepine au i te mana‘o mai ia Iesu i to ’na aniraa i to ’na Metua ia hopoi ê atu i te tahi ati. Ua horoa râ o Iehova ia Iesu i te puai e ua na reira atoa oia no ’u. O te pure ta ’u rapaauraa i te mau mahana atoa. E maitai rii a‘e au ia paraparau vau i te Atua.”—Mataio 26:39.
Hoê â mana‘o to Julian o te faaoromai ra i te tahi ma‘i o te mau uaua uira e te mootuaio a 30 matahiti i teie nei. Te na ô ra oia: “Ua vaiiho vau i to ’u parahiraa faatere no te hoê parahiraa turairai. E ere râ to ’u oraraa i te mea faufaa ore no te mea te faaohipa ra vau i te reira no te tavini ia vetahi ê. E mâmâ rii mai te mauiui i te horoa ’tu e e faaitoito mai iho â o Iehova, e tapea noa hoi o ’na i ta ’na parau. Mai te aposetolo Paulo, e nehenehe mau vau e parau: ‘E tia ia ’u te mau mea atoa nei i . . . tei tauturu mai ia ’u.’”—Philipi 4:13.
IA POHE TEI HEREHIA
Te faatia ra Antonio: “I te poheraa to ’u papa i roto i te hoê ati purumu, aita vau i tiaturi oioi. Ua na ô vau, ‘Aita e tano, aita o ’na i rave i te hoê ohipa ino, na tera pereoo i faaû ia ’na!’ Aita râ ta ’u e ravea. Ua moe to ’na hiroa e pae mahana te maoro e pohe atura. Ua tamata vau i te ore e faaite i to ’u oto i mua i to ’u mama, o vau ana‘e râ, e ta‘i noa ïa. E uiui noa vau, ‘No te aha pai o ’na?’
I tera mau taime fifi, ua ani noa vau ia Iehova i te tauturu no te vai hau noa. E ua tamahanahana mǎrû noa mai oia ia ’u. Ua haamana‘o vau te faaite ra te Bibilia e nehenehe tatou paatoa e farerei i te hoê tupuraa mana‘o-ore-hia. Ua papu ia ’u e farerei faahou vau i to ’u papa ia tupu te tia-faahou-raa no te mea eita te Atua e haavare.”—Koheleta 9:12; Ioane 11:25; Tito 1:2.
Hoê â atoa mana‘o to Robert, faahitihia i te tuhaa matamua o teie tumu parau. Te na ô ra oia: “Maoti ta mâua mau pure ia Iehova, ua ite mâua ta ’u vahine i te hau o te feruriraa ta te Philipi 4:6, 7 e parau ra. Ua tauturu mai tera hau ia paraparau i te mau vea no nia i to mâua tiaturiraa no te tia-faahou-raa. Noa ’tu ua pohe ta mâua tamaiti i roto i te ati manureva, te mau noa ra ia mâua i te mau taime oaoa ta matou i fana‘o. Tera noa ta mâua e tapea mai.
Ua parau mai te mau hoa Kerisetiano, ua ite ratou ia mâua i roto i te afata teata e ua vai hau noa a faataa ’i i to mâua tiaturiraa. Ua pahono atu mâua, auaa e rave rahi tei pure no mâua. Ua papu ia ’u, o Iehova tei turu mai na roto i ta ratou mau poroi tamahanahana e rave rahi.”
Mai ta te mau hi‘oraa i faaite, e nehenehe te Atua e tamahanahana i te taata o te faaruru ra e rave rau fifi e ati. E no oe? Noa ’tu eaha te fifi ta oe e farerei, e nehenehe oe e fana‘o i te tamahanahanaraa. * No te aha e ore ai e fariu ia Iehova no te ani i te tauturu? O ’na hoi “te Atua no ’na ana‘e te mahanahana.”—Korinetia 2, 1:3.
^ par. 5 Ua tauihia te tahi mau i‘oa.
^ par. 23 Ia hinaaro oe i te tauturu no te haafatata ’tu i te Atua e no te fana‘o i ta ’na tamahanahanaraa, a farii i te mau Ite no Iehova o to oe oire e aore ra a papai i te piha ohipa a te mau Ite no Iehova.


text:
Hei tohu mo te 70 huri tau mō ngā mahi a te Rua Tekau Mā Waru Patariana i te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao, kei te whakaputaina ā rātau kōrero ā marama. I tikina atu ēnei kōrero mai i wā rātau ake wātaka. Kātahi ano ka whakaputaina.
Pepuere 1943
Ko te Patāriana i noho tonu ki waho mai o Tripoli mo te katoa o te marama. Ko ngā mahi i tohua ki a rātau, ko te whakatūtū mo te Division, ko ngā mahi hakinakina, te purei whutuporo ā te Brigade, ko te tangotango utanga.
Hanuere 1943
Ko te Fifth Army me te Patāriana e whakatikatika ana te papa i Tamet. Mārakerake ana tā rātau mahi ki ngā whakaeke a te hoariri, he 20 o rātau i taotū i te tukinga kotahi. I te wā mutunga o te marama, nā te Patāriana i arahi te 2NZEF ki roto o Tripoli. Pānuitia te rātaka pakanga mō Hanuere ki konei.
Tihema 1942
Ko te Patāriana kua pumau tōna honotanga atu ki roto o 5 Brigade. I te timatanga o Tihema ko te kaupae muri iho a te hotaka a te Eighth Army ko te hao mai i a Tripoli. Pānuitia te rātaka pakanga mō Tihema ki konei.
Noema 1942
I muri mai a Miteiriya Ridge i whakangā te Patāriana ki Alam El Onsol. I ohorere te putanga mai o te kōrero ka whai wāhi rātau ki roto o Operation Supercharge i raro i a British 151 Brigade. Pānuitia te rātaka pakanga mō Noema ki konei.
Oketopa 1942
Kei te whakataka te Patāriana i ngā tātai mo te pakanga ki te koraha me te mau tonu i tō rātau taha kaha mā te rangatū haere. A te 23 o Oketopa ka whai wāhi rātau ki roto i te tuki a Montgomery me ā rātau taha āpitihanga. Pānuitia te rātaka pakanga mō Oketopa ki konei.
Hepetema 1942
I muri mai o te tukinga momoho i te hoariri i te Munassib Depression ka hoki atu te Patāriana ki Burg El Arab ki te whakatā – ko te tuatahi tenei i roto i ngā marama e toru. Ko te wāhanga tuarua o te marama he mahi ako. Panuitia te rātaka pakanga a te Patariana mai i Hepetema 1942 ki konei
Akuhata 1942
I rangatū atu te Patāriana ki te mura o te ahi, ko tā rātau wāhi he rua rau mita noa te mamao mai i ngā Itariana. He nui ngā rua tupapaku i reira me te mea te rite tonu i te taka mai o ngā anga poma ki taua wāhi. Ko tenei te wāhi tino kino rawatu i noho rātau. Panuitia te rātaka pakanga a te Patariana mai i Akuhata 1942 ki konei.
Hurae 1942
I te wahanga tuatahi o te marama o Hurae e noho tonu ana te Patariana ki Syria, a, ko tetahi wiki o taua hararei i te tahuna rātau e tata ana ki Beirut. No waenganui o Hune i hirere tā ratau hokinga mai ki Ihipa ki te whakataki i te kokiri a Rommel. Panuitia te rātaka pakanga a te Patariana mai i Hurae 1942 ki konei
Hune 1942
I te wahanga tuatahi o te marama o Hune e noho tonu ana te Patariana ki Syria, a, ko tetahi wiki o taua hararei i te tahuna rātau e tata ana ki Beirut. No waenganui o Hune i hirere tā ratau hokinga mai ki Ihipa ki te whakataki i te kokiri a Rommel. Panuitia te rātaka pakanga a te Patariana mai i Hune 1942 ki konei.
Mei 1942
Ko te Patariana i Arsal i nga maunga iti o Syria e whakapakari ana, e whakatakataka ana. Ko Meiha Tiwi Love te Māori tuatahi i tohua hei Kaihautu mo te Ope Māori. Panuitia te rātaka pakanga a te Patariana mai i Mei 1942 ki konei. Panuitia te rātaka pakanga a te Patariana mai i Mei 1942 ki konei.
Aperira 1942
I Arsal i Lebanon te Patariana, e tereina ana, e whakapakari ana rātau i ngā whakamarumaru me te whakatau mahi hūhunu. Ko ngā kamupene raiwhara i te tiaki i ngā kariri, i ngā whakaputunga poma me ngā herehere. Panuitia te rātaka pakanga a te Patariana mai i Aperira 1942 ki konei.
Maehe 1942
Kua wehe mai te Patariana i Ihipa mo Syria, e haere ana ma Palestine me Lebanon. I Arsal i huri rātau ki te whakapakari i a rātau whakamarumaru. Panuitiia te rātaka pakanga a te Patariana mai i Maehe 1942 ki konei.
Pepuere 1942
E rite ana ki te marama o mua atu, ko Pepuere 1942 he wā whakarawe ngā rawa me te tereina me te Patariana whakaora mai ano i a rātau. Panuitia te rātaka pakanga a te Patariana mai i Pepuere 1942 ki konei.
Hanuere 1942
I Hanuere 1942, e whakaora ana, e whakawhiwhi rawa ana, e tereina ana te Patariana i Kabrit i muri mai o te whawhai tuarua i Ripia. Na te kokiri ohorere a Rommel i te wa mutunga o te marama, i pana mai te Eighth Army kia hoki mai ki Gazala. Panuitia te rātaka pakanga a te Patariana mai i Hanuere 1942 ki konei.
Tihema 1941
I te marama o Tihema, ko te mahi a te Patariana ko te huaki i te hoariri o te taha raro o Sollum me te whakatumutumu i te whakatautopenga a ngā Itariana. Panuitia te rātaka pakanga a te Patariana mai i Tihema 1941 ki konei.
Noema 1941
I te marama o Noema 1941 ko te whāinga a te Patariana i raro i ngā whakarite a Operation Crusader, ko te kokiri kia riro mai i a rātau te puni hoia i runga ake o te taone o Sollum. Panuitia te rātaka pakanga a te Patariana mai i Whiringa-a-rangi 1941 ki konei.
Oketopa 1941
Kua neke atu te Patariana Māori mai i Te Pouaka o Kaponga ki Mersa Baggush, a, kua noho tenei puni hei papakainga tōmua mo ngā hoia o Niu Tirena. Kei te tereina, kei te whakareri rātau mo te pakanga kei te whakatata mai ki roto o Ripia. Panuitia te rātaka pakanga a te Patariana mai i Oketopa 1941 ki konei.
Hepetema 1941
Ko te Patariana Māori e tata ana ki El Alamein (Ihipa) e hanga ana i Te Pouaka Kaponga, he 10 maero te whānui me te rori e hono ana i ngā āraitanga i hangahia i roto i te riu o te Naira. Panuitia te rātaka pakanga a te Patariana mai i Hepetema 1941 ki konei.
Akuhata 1941
Ko te Patariana Māori e tereina ana, kia haere tahi a rātau tikanga mo te kokiri me te whakatika ano i a rātau mo te pakanga i roto i te koraha. Panuitia te rātaka pakanga a te Patariana mai i Ākuhata 1941 ki konei.
Hurae 1941
Ka timata te Patariana ki te tereina mo tetahi momo whawhai hou – he whawhai wehewehe i roto i te koraha whānui o North Africa. Panuitia te rātaka pakanga a te Patariana mai i Hūrae 1941 ki konei.
Hune 1941
Kei Ihipa te Patariana Māori inaianei e whakapiki ana te ora me te titiro whakamuri he aha ngā painga o tā ratau whawhaitanga na tata tonu nei i Kiriti. Panuitia te rātaka pakanga a te Patariana mai i Hune 1941 ki konei.
Mei 1941
Kei Kiriti te Patariana. Ko rātau tetahi wāhanga o te 42,000 o te Hoa Hoia Hononga. Ko tā rātau mahi ko te tiaki te moutere o Kiriti mai i te hoariri ka rere mai ma runga rererangi. He whakaekenga tuatahi tenei, he whakaekenga nui a taua hoariri. Panuitia te rātaka pakanga a te Patariana mai i Mei 1941 ki konei.
Aperire 1941
Ko ēnei tuhinga mai i te Rātaka a Te Patariana Māori e tohu ana ngā nekeneke i te marama o Aperira. Kei Katerini hoki rātau e ārai ana i te taha raro o Kirihi, tera pea ka whakaeke mai ngā Tiamana. Panuitia te rātaka pakanga a te Patariana mai i Aperire 1941 ki konei.
Maehe 1941
Kei Kiriti te Patariana. Ko rātau tetahi wāhanga o te 42,000 o Hoa Hoia Hononga. Ko tā rātau mahi ko te tiaki te moutere o Kiriti mai i te hoariri ka rere mai ma runga rererangi. He whakaekenga tuatahi tenei, he whakaekenga nui a taua hoariri. Panuitia te rātaka pakanga a te Patariana mai i Maehe 1941 ki konei.


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1. He waahi ahurei
Dongdaemun DDP
Te Rawa: Te Whare 5, Te Tu: 200 ~ 1,500, Noho: 150 ~ 1,300 (Unit: Te Tangata)
Rawa / Tino / 5 Mokowhi me 15 Wahanga
RAUM
Te Rawa: Te Whare 8, Te Tu: 80 ~ 1,000, Noho: 60 ~ 500 (Unit: Te Tangata)
Maara / Ahumoana / Hauauru
Whare Whare Korea
Te Rawa: Te Whare 10, Te Tu: 50 ~ 100, Noho: 20 ~ 146 (Unit: Te Tangata)
Ko te Hainamana o Korea a Korea / Korea mahi
Mugyewon
Te Rawa: Te Whare 5, Te Tu: 60 ~ 200, Noho: 40 ~ 120 (Unit: Te Tangata)
Hanok / Tirohanga / Tirohanga Taiao
He puni Eland
Te Rawa: Te Whare 2, Te tuunga: Kaore i te waatea, i noho: 60 ~ 197 (Unit: Tangata)
Whakaaturanga / Whakakitenga o po / Han Han
Te moutere o Sevit (Sevit etahi)
Te Rawa: Te Whare 4, Te Tu: 300 ~ 1,000, Noho: 160 ~ 550 (Unit: Te Tangata)
Han-awa Tirohia / matatini tuatahi o te Ao
2. Haereere ahurei
Ko te Etourism e whakarato ana i nga huihuinga e mahi tahi ana i nga mahi ahurei mo te hanga i te roopu, he umanga umanga, he utu ranei. Kia kaha ki nga mahi tinana penei i te kanikani K-pop kanikani akomanga kai Korea, me Taekwondo ka taea te mahi i Korea anake. Ma nga huihuinga ka tau atu nga kaimahi i te tari mai i te tari, ka whai wa ki te okioki me te tuku whakaaro hou. E maioha ana nga kamupene ki te whiriwhiri i nga haerenga a-mua, i te tono ranei mo nga haerenga whakatuu i runga i nga whaainga me nga paanga o te kapa.
3. Whakahaerehia te Whakautu
Ko te Etourism he kamupene kaiwhakahaere whakahaere e kawe ana i nga kaainga, nga kawenga, nga huihuinga huihuinga, nga wharekai, nga huihuinga me nga hapa o te Gala. Ko nga korero ma te whakahaere i runga i nga mea e arahi ana ki te whakarite maeneene, e taea ai e nga rangatira o nga kamupene te aro ki te kaupapa mahi me nga hui ranei.
Mai i nga hotera whetu 5 hou tae atu ki nga hotera momo tae a-iwi o Korea, ka taea e Etourism te whakarato i nga momo huihuinga puta noa i te motu.
Me whiriwhiri i nga momo waka mai i te pahi moana 45, 25 seater pahi pahi, 7 ~ 9seater van ki Sedan mo nga tumuaki kamupene, rangatira rangatira ranei.
He rite tonu te Etourism ki te awhina i o hiahia ki te angitu i a koe huihuinga.
4. Hangarau
5. takahanga


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Ko te tiwhikete riihi kaainga he pakihi waahi ka taea te kawe i te painga pai mo te rangatira ki te mea he kaha te aroaro o te ipurangi. Engari, mehemea ka mutu koe i raro o nga hua rapu engine, kei te ngaro koe i nga waahanga pakihi me nga hokohoko. Ki te pai o to pakihi, me hanga e koe he paetukutuku kaiwhakamahi-hoahoa me te aroturuki kia rite ki nga paerewa katoa a Google. Ma te whakamahi i nga tikanga SEO taketake, ka taea e koe te whakapai ake i to paparanga pae me te kukume i nga hua o te kounga ki to paetukutuku kaainga hararei. Anei etahi tohutohu SEO tuuturu e awhina ai koe ki te whakapai ake i to aroaro o te pakihi ipurangi.
Paetukutuku SEO mo te kamupene reti hararei
Kia kitea he he whakautu tika mo te uiuinga a te kaiwhakamahi, he pae rapu engine rapu i to paetukutuku VR mo etahi kaupapa rapu - icon generator text maker. Mena he pai rawa te ihirangi o te pae ki te uiuinga a te kaiwhakamahi, ka whakamahia e Google hei tohu hei whakapai ake i to raatau hei rohe mana me te whaitake.Hei whakatau i nga uiuinga ka taea e te kiritaki, ka hiahia koe ki te whiriwhiri i nga tikanga e rapu ai nga kaiwhakamahi mehemea kei te ngana koe ki te kimi i to pokapori mahi, me te whakauru i enei kupumatua ki roto i to ihirangi. Ka taea e koe te whakamahi i nga tikanga tawhito hei "reti reti", "te kamupene hoki e whakarato ratonga reti reti. "Engari, he tino whakataetae enei paanga matua, a kaore pea e nui atu te hokohoko. Koinei te take ka hiahia koe ki te whakaaro ki nga waahi mo te waa-roa mo te waa-roa e whakamahia ana e te iwi i roto i nga korero o ia ra. Hei whakakotahi i te tukanga o te rangahau matua, ka taea e koe te whakamahi i nga taputapu ipurangi motuhake, penei i te Semalt Auto SEO, te Mahere Kaihauturu Google ranei.
He mea tino nui nga whakaahua Meta ki to aroaro o to mahi pakihi me te whakaatu ki nga kaiwhakamahi toharite kei hea to papaahi.Ka whakamahia hei tirohanga ki te ihirangi paetukutuku me te awhina i nga tāngata ki te whakatau mehemea me whai i to puna tukutuku mo etahi atu korero, kaore ranei. I tua atu, he mea nui ki te whakauru i nga kuputuhi-tango kupu kuputuhi ki o whakaahuatanga meta hei tuku i nga putea rapu ki to paparangi. Ko nga whakaahua meta e hangaia pai ana ka awhina i te rerenga-a-roto me te whakapai ake i to kamupene reti kaainga SEO.
Ko te kaipakihi pāpori he puna hokohoko kaha mo to paetukutuku.He maha nga meneti hei hanga i tetahi pakihi pakihi i runga i Facebook, i te Instagram ranei. Heoi, ka whakawhiwhia e te kamupene he mana nui ki te ao taiao. I te wa e hanga ana i nga whakaahuatanga hoahoa, hangaia he ihirangi ahurei mo ia takitahi. Ano, whakarongo ki te ahua o te tirohanga kia mohio nga kaiwhakamahi pai atu i nga tuhinga. Ko te aha te hanga i nga whakaahua kounga, ataata whakairoiro, me nga ataata hei hanga i to pakihi pakihi ki nga kaituhi pakihi kia pai maatau akonga.
Ka taea e koe te tono ki nga pakihi o to rohe ki te hono atu ki to raahi hokonga reti mo o raatau hoa hoahoa.Ano, ka taea e koe te painga mai i te whakairinga rangitaki, te mahi tahi me nga kaiarahi whakaaro i roto i to taakete makutu. Ko te hanganga hono he huarahi hei whakatairanga i nga tohu mo to pakihi me te whakapai ake i to mohiotanga tohu.


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Kohia te momi, hanga i te Muscle, me te Tiaki i nga Moni me nga Whakaaetanga Whaiaro o te Katoa Nga Rebates Hauora. Kei konei matou ki te awhina ia koe ki te Tiaki i nga Moni kei runga ake i nga Tohu Whakanui & Whakanoho Mahi. Kei a mätou te Tino Kuputuhi Haumaru Best & Nga Mahi i te Ipurangi. Ka Hokona e koe te Moni i runga i nga Taumahi, Treadmills, Ellipticals, Gyms Home, Motopaika Whakauro, Mema Motuhake, DVD Mahi, & More. Kia noho ki te hapori me nga waimarie Facebook & Twitter. Tirohia to tautuhinga Blog mo nga Mea Hou o te Ora. Ko te Whakaaetanga Hauora kei te Raweke i nga Waea Whakairo Kei te Waea Kei te eBay. Kei te wātea o tatou Gym Shirts kia rite ki te Low rite $ 1.99 Plus Shipping!
Kaupapahere Tūmataiti / Whakaaetanga Hononga: Ka whiwhi pea tenei paetukutuku i te utu mo nga hoko i mahia mai i nga hononga hono. Ko te Kaihautū Ahuha he kaihauturu i te Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, he kaupapa whakatairanga hononga i hangaia hei whakarato i nga huarahi mo nga pae ki te tango i nga utu whakatairanga ma te tuku korero me te hono atu ki Amazon.com. Tirohia to tatou "Kaupapahere tūmataiti"Ko te korero mo nga korero ki a Google, Inc., me nga kamupene hono e taea ana te whakamahi i nga pihikete. Ka tukua e enei pihikete a Google kia whakaatu i nga paatai i runga i to haerenga ki tenei pae me etahi atu pae e whakamahi ana i nga ratonga pänuitanga Google.


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He aha tēnei mea te mate wareware?
Ka tumeke tonu pea te tangata ina rongo ia kua pāngia e te mate wareware. He mea pai kia mārama tātou, he maha ngā huarahi, ngā āwhina, me ngā tikanga tiaki e pai ai te noho o te hunga kua pāngia e te mate wareware. He mea nui te wātea mai o te mōhiotanga me ngā tohutohu papai.
Ka whakamahia te kupu mate wareware hei kupu torowhānui e whakaahuatia ētahi mate, he rerekē tētahi i tētahi, otirā, ko te katoa ka noho hei take ngoikoretanga o ngā roro.
Ko te mate Alzheimers te momo e kitea nuitia ana, e tino mōhiotia ana hoki. Ko ētahi atu o ngā momo mate wareware ko te wareware iaia, te mate wareware mua roro mahara, me te mate wareware me ngā rāpoi Lewy.
Ka pā ēnei mate ki te mahinga o ō tātou roro ina whakaaro, ina maumahara, ina wānanga take rānei, ā, ēnei katoa e mōhiotia ana ko ō tātou pūmanawa mahara.
He rerekē te mate wareware mō tēnā tangata mō tēnā tangata. Mō te nuinga, ko ngā tino tohu o te mate wareware ko te rerekē haere o te pūmaharatanga, o te whakaaro, o te whanonga, o te whaiaro me ngā kare ā-roto, engari kei te āhua o ngā wāhanga o ngā roro kua pāngia, ngā tohu ka puta me te hohoro o te putanga, ā, he rerekē mō tēnā tangata, mō tēnā tangata.
Mō te nuinga ka āta puta mai ngā huringa nei i roto i te wā roa, i te toronga i roto i ngā roro, e taumaha ake ai ngā tohu i roto i te wā. Ka taumaha kē atu te mate wareware ka pā katoa ki te āhei o te tangata ki te tiaki i a ia anō, me te mahi i ngā mahi o ia rā, pēnei i te hīkoi haere, i te horoi i te uwhiuwhi, te kuhu kākahu rānei.
He uaua ēnei tohu tuatahi me ngā putanga o te mate wareware ki te kite atu. He maha ngā momo āhuatanga pēnei i te roro īkura, i te mate pōuriuri me ngā whakapokenga, tae atu ki te kaumātuatanga noa, e puta ai ētahi tohu āhua rite ki te mate wareware tūturu. He mea nui kia kaua e pōhēhē i takea mai ēnei momo āhuatanga hou katoa i te mate wareware, me te kōrero ki tō tākuta me he āwangawanga ōu.


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Ki te koe i te ok ki te whakaminenga Āhia ko eé mau nei i te ora i roto i Asia, e koe e taea e te whakaahua e koe te ako Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese, ranei tetahi atu East Āhia i te reo. Hoki tetahi o enei te reo tera e ara ake te kōrero māori ako i te reo ingarihi i te reira e ko ngā akoranga ēnei reo, kia kua ka koe i te ara atu tono mō te iwi rite koe i te reira, ko te supply (mehemea kei a koutou matatau i roto i te reo ingarihi). Whakamātauria te whakamahi i te reo whakawhiti pae rite iTalk ranei Lang. Koe e kore e ara e hiahia ana koe ki te korero i te tahi atu reo, me te. Te nuinga o te reo ingarihi kaikōrero ako i te tahi atu mau reo e wehingia ana, na kahore he mea pehea te kino o koutou Chinese ranei Hapanihi Korean ranei te mea, e kore te mea e kino whakaritea ki te katoa atu. Ka taea e ahau haapapû atu ia outou e i te iti rawa i te toru o te iwi mā te whakamahi i te reo whakawhiti pae te whai i te iti rawa i te iti te wahi o to ratou roro e te puku rapu ana koutou mo te hoa tamaroa’ girlfriends (ki te e te koutou whakaaro).
Te reira he rota o ngā āhuatanga mō te kōrerorero ki te tangata ke. Ka taea e ara te tiki i te rārangi o te katoa ipurangi i roto i te maile (i te mea pea he iti creepy). Te reira i te Hainamana taupānga na te nuinga o te iwi Hainamana whakamahi i te reira. He maha tukutuku i roto i reira ki te whakauru ki Āhia takatu, ko te tangata kua ahau te whakamahi i he Hey-hai wahi Āhia ko eé, me te kore-kotiro Āhia haere ki te kōrerorero.
I te pae ko t te titiro pai, engari ko te reira NOA na e ko te tāpiri
Kia whiwhi koe te whakamahi i ki te pae, me te pēhea te haere nga mea e pā ana ki i runga i te reira, ka kitea e koe e reira e te rota o te kaiwhakamahi i te katoa i runga i te ao nei i te whakamahi i te reira ki te whakatutuki i ā rātou tauira. whakaaro nei o ēnei rōpū e pea kia tino hiahia i roto i te korero me te teiti koe, e hāngai ana i runga i ta ratou uara, me te mea whai koe ki te whakahere. I ēnei ki ngā rōpū ka rerekē ngā uara, ahakoa te katoa te tito o Ahia. Ētahi uara pānui, me te whaiaro-whanaketanga i te rota, ētahi atu i te tiaki i ētahi atu e pā ana ki te ataata tākaro me te oaoa i te taime. Ki te koe tino i roto i te whaiaro-te whanaketanga me te whai i te rota o te hinaaro, me te pei, etahi rōpū, rite toastmasters te kura ranei e mahi pai hoki koe. Engari ki te mea koutou kei atu o te mangere, i te kangatari momo e pai petipeti ranei he pai i toi hōia, haere ki reira


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Te utu hokohoko taketake $ 399..Sahipa $ 100 ki tenei Weslo G5.9 Treadmill Sale
Weslo Cadence G 5.9 Treadmill Tauanga:
6 Tatūnga Papatono
Ko te 2.25 HP me te 1.5 e tere tonu ana i te Motor Motor Drive
Ko te 16 x 50 e whakamarie ana
275 lbs. Mahinga Taumaha Kaiwhakamahi
Mahinga Whakakotahi: 64L x 29W x 55Hin
Treadmill Taumata Whakauru He Mea Nui mo te Hiko me te Haere
* Ko te utu o te $ 299 mo te Weslo Cadence G 5.9 he Tohu hei 11 / 4 / 13 11: 07 PM EST. Ko nga utu hua me te waatea e tika ana mo te ra / wa e tohuhia ana, a he kaupapa ka whakarereke. Ko nga utu me nga korero e wātea ana i Amazon.com i te wa o te hoko ka uru ki te hoko o tenei hua
Kohia te momi, hanga i te Muscle, me te Tiaki i nga Moni me nga Whakaaetanga Whaiaro o te Katoa Nga Rebates Hauora. Kei konei matou ki te awhina ia koe ki te Tiaki i nga Moni kei runga ake i nga Tohu Whakanui & Whakanoho Mahi. Kei a mätou te Tino Kuputuhi Haumaru Best & Nga Mahi i te Ipurangi. Ka Hokona e koe te Moni i runga i nga Taumahi, Treadmills, Ellipticals, Gyms Home, Motopaika Whakauro, Mema Motuhake, DVD Mahi, & More. Kia noho ki te hapori me nga waimarie Facebook & Twitter. Tirohia to tautuhinga Blog mo nga Mea Hou o te Ora. Ko te Whakaaetanga Hauora kei te Raweke i nga Waea Whakairo Kei te Waea Kei te eBay. Kei te wātea o tatou Gym Shirts kia rite ki te Low rite $ 1.99 Plus Shipping!
Kaupapahere Tūmataiti / Whakaaetanga Hononga: Ka whiwhi pea tenei paetukutuku i te utu mo nga hoko i mahia mai i nga hononga hono. Ko te Kaihautū Ahuha he kaihauturu i te Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, he kaupapa whakatairanga hononga i hangaia hei whakarato i nga huarahi mo nga pae ki te tango i nga utu whakatairanga ma te tuku korero me te hono atu ki Amazon.com. Tirohia to tatou "Kaupapahere tūmataiti"Ko te korero mo nga korero ki a Google, Inc., me nga kamupene hono e taea ana te whakamahi i nga pihikete. Ka tukua e enei pihikete a Google kia whakaatu i nga paatai i runga i to haerenga ki tenei pae me etahi atu pae e whakamahi ana i nga ratonga pänuitanga Google.


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Kua tīmata nei te pupuhi o ngā hau makariri o te takurua, koia tēnei te wā mō te noho ngātahi, mō ngā huihui, mō ngā wānanga me te huaki o te wharekura mō ngā tamariki me te whare wānanga mō ngā pakeke. Pērā ki ō rātau tīpuna me ō rātau mātua ka riro mā ngā rorohiko ngā mahi whakaako. E mau tonu ana i roto i aua rorohiko ngā mātauranga e pā ana ki ngā wheako katoa o te hunga tangata me ngā kōrero nehe mō Papatūānuku, te ao i whakarērea e ngā tīpuna. Ahakoa he aha te marau e pīrangi ana te tauira ki te whai, e noho ana i roto i ngā rorohiko te katoa o ngā kōrero e pā ana ki taua kaupapa. Ka waihotia mā ngā tauira tonu e kōwhiri ngā kaupapa rangahau, kaupapa wānanga rānei hei whakakīkī i ngā whāruarua o ō rātau hinengaro.
Mō te whakatipuranga o Rākai mā ko Koro Timutimu te kaiuiui, te kaipatapatai, te kaiwhakautu pātai, otirā, ko ia te tohunga ruānuku. He whakamātautau anō hoki tāna mahi me te āta arataki i ngā tauira kia kaua e kotiti ngā whakaaro.
Kua noho nei rāua ki waho, kua paku whakaaro a Timutimu ki te tikanga i whakaae te katoa o te whānau hei kawe mā te katoa. Otirā, ko te tikanga o te huatahi, arā, ko te kotahi tamaiti ki te tokorua mātua. Ko ia tērā i moe ki a Hinepua, ka puta ko Mika. Ka moe a Mika ki a Huirama, ka puta ko Rākai, te tamaiti tāroaroa nei o te makawe mingimingi, kiri uriuri, whatu pango, kua eke ki tana takurua tekau mā toru.
Me ōna hoa hoki o tōna whakatipuranga, a Tamatea, te tama a Hārangi rāua ko Taukē; a Te Aomānia, te tamāhine a Whaitiri rāua ko Hinehou; me Tīpare, te tamāhine a Eru rāua ko Kōtuku. I whānau a Rākai rāua ko Tamatea i te tau 0060, heoi anō, ono tekau tau i muri mai i te taunga o te waka ātea ki Rēhua.
Nō te tau 0061 ka whānau mai a Te Aomānia rāua ko Tīpare. Aroha nui te katoa o te whānau ki ēnei tamariki nā te mea kāore he tamariki kē atu. Ko ēnei tokowhā anake.
‘I tau koutou ki whea haere ai?’ te pātai a Koro Timutimu, tana pīrangi rongo kōrero mō te takahi whenua a Rākai mā.
‘I whai mātau i te ākau.’
‘He aha ai?’
‘Ko te tino mahi ko te whakamātau i ngā kararehe me ngā otaota noho tata ki te ākau. Kikī pai ana ā mātau pukapuka i ā mātau tuhinga pikitia, kōrero hoki. Ākuanei ka whāngaihia aua tuhinga ki te rorohiko.’
‘Hei āwhea koutou ka whakapuaki i tā koutou mahi?’


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Whai muri i te whakaatu a WPG Holdings i tana tira ki WT Microelectronics, kei te mohio ko nga roopu e rua kaore i te whakawhitiwhiti inaianei. Ko te ...
I kii te Micron Hangarau i tenei ra kei te whakamahere te kamupene ki te haumi $ 35 miriona hei tuku moni putea ki nga kaimahi kua pangia e te COVID-1...
E ai ki a Reuters, ko te American Semiconductor Industry Association (SIA) i kii i te Wenerei kei te mahi tahi ia me nga tari o te tari a te rohe o Am...
I te Maehe 24, ka whakaputahia e Renesas Electronics Corporation, te kaiwhakarato otinga ahuwhenua a te ao, te whakarewatanga o te Renesas Solutions S...
E ai ki te Economic Daily, kua horahia te momo coronavirus hou na te ao, a ko nga Pakeha me era atu waahi kua riro nga waahanga uaua rawa atu. I roto ...
Maehe 23 Poutu-te-rangi, e ai ki nga ripoata a-iwi ke, i whakahou ano a Apple i nga iPhones hou-iti te utu (ka kiia ko te ingoa taitara a iPhone9). I ...
E ai ki te Yonhap News Agency, i whakawakia ano nga keehi o te huaketo E.coli i te tipu Samsung Gumi, engari i whakatau a Samsung kia kaua e kati te t...
I te Maehe 19, ka panui a Intel ka tukuna e ia te punaha whakahiato neura hou e kiia ana ko "PohoikiSprings", he mana tohatoha ki te 100 miriona neuro...
E ai ki nga tātaritanga a te tari rangahau me te whanaketanga whanaketanga TrendForce's Topology Industrial Research Institute, ko te ahumahi wafer f...
I taua wa ka kitea a Ziguang Zhanrui ka whakawhiwhia i te moni nui mo te 2.25 piriona yuan, i ako a Jiwei ko Ziguang Storage, he kaihauturu a Ziguang ...
E ai ki te ripoata anandtech, kua hainatia e Intel me Micron tetahi kirimana hou e mau ana ki te koikoi XP XPoint mahara. Kei te whakapono nga Kairang...
Mena ka panui a Samsung i te waenganui-2019 ka tukuna e ia tana hangarau "kapi-a-tawahi (GAA)" i te tau 2021 hei whakakapi i te hangarau transistor Fi...


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Ka mutu te pa i te taone o Koper-Capodistria, i Slovenia, i te 26 o Pepuere, ka tae mai te Tuarua o te Ao mo te Hau me te Koretake ki Itari.
Ko te kaupapa o te whiti o Poutu-te-rangi i te rohe o Trieste i tino whakahekehia na nga ota i tukuna mo te ohorere o te coronavirus: penei i Umag (Croatia) me Piran (Slovenia) kaore e taea te hui me nga akonga o Muggia me Trieste (it 500 nga tamariki e tatari ana ki te Aula Magna o te Whare Wnanga o Trieste) ka whakakorehia he huihuinga a-iwi i reira e whakakorehia ai te whakakorenga karihi me nga whiringa matatika mo te rangimarie.
I te ahiahi o te ata i whakawhiwhia mai ai te roopu turanga i te Muggia Town Hall e te Tianara Muggia a Laura Marzi, ka neke te roopu ki te Whare Taone o Dolina-San Dorligo della Valle Town i riro ai (he mea motuhake ano) ) na te Minita mo te Taiao, Te Rohe, te whakamahere Taone me te Tuarua Davide Þtokovac. Katahi ka whakawhiti te roopu ki te papa o San Giovanni (te hōhipera hinengaro i mua, katahi ka tuwhera ki te taone) i reira, i tetahi hui motuhake i mua o te kakano Nagasaki, ko Alessandro Capuzzo, no te komiti whakariterite o te rohe, i maumahara te ahua o te kaimekemeke hinengaro kaore i te weriweri a Franco Basaglia Ma te tautoko a te kaiwhakamaori a Ada Scrignari.
I whakaatuhia ano hoki a Roberto Mezzina, te Kaiwhakahaere o mua o te Tari Mental Health o Trieste me nga kaiwhakaari e rua a Pavel Berdon me Giordano Vascotto o te "Accademia della Follia".
Ko te tuarua, inaa, i korero mo tona wheako i te wa i kitea ai ia e rakaihia ana i roto i te hohipera hinengaro, i mua i te whakarereketanga o te Basaglia, he whakahoutanga i ahei ai ia ki te whai oranga me te kimi mahi i waho atu o te hohipera tawhito. I neke te roopu ki te pokapū o Trieste ki te tirotiro ki nga "waahi mahara" kei reira nga tauira whakamaharatanga takitahi e maumahara ana i nga whakamataku i mahia e nga Nasista-fascists me te Piazza Oberdan he whakamaumahara e whakamahara ana i nga "kohuru" e rua kua kohurutia. e te mau Nazi.
I nga waahi maha, ka waiho nga "kaihoko" ki nga ruuma me nga karipori puawai. I mutu te ra me te hui ki nga hoa o Trieste mai i te 2 o Maehe o te Ao i reira i whakaatu ai te kaiwhakataetae a te Maehe, a Rafael de la Rubia, i ana wheako mo nga whenua i tirohia e ia.
I te mutunga, ko te "Komiti mo Danilo Dolci mo te rongo, kotahitanga me te whakakotahitanga" e hiahia ana ki te tuku mihi ki nga Kaipuparahi e 5 me nga haki rangimarie reera Itari me Slovenia i mua i te wehe mo te waahanga e whai ake nei: Fiumicello-Villa Vicentina, he taone nui. 50 kiromita mai Trieste.
Te tuhi me te whakaahua: Davide Bertok


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Ko te Tiriti mo te Whakamore i nga Weapete Nuclear
Te 7 Hōngongoi 2017, i muri i te tekau tau o te mahi i te gure me ona hoa, tangohia te nuinga rawa o nga iwi o te ao i te whakaaetanga ao rohe ki te whakakorehia patu karihi, mana mohiotia rite te Tiriti i runga i te Prohibition o Nuclear Weapons . ka tomo te reira i ki mana ture kua hainatia kotahi 50 iwi, me te whakamanatia.
Ko te ahuatanga o tenei wa ko te 81 kua hainatia me te 35 kua whakamanahia hoki. Kei te ngoikore tatou ki te 15 kia kaha ki te whakauru, kia tae ki te nuinga.
I mua i te kirimana, ko nga patu patu karihi anake nga patu o te whakangaromanga nui kihai i tukuna ki te kanga (mehemea he taonga matatini me nga patu bacteriological), ahakoa o to raatau waahanga mo te wa roa me te taiao. Ko te kawenata hou ka tutuki i tetahi waahi nui i roto i te ture o te ao.
Kaore i te whakakore i nga iwi ki te whakawhanake, ki te whakamatautau, ki te whakaputa, ki te mahi, ki te whakawhiti, ki te pupuri, ki te pupuri, te whakamahi, te whakamataku ranei ki te whakamahi i nga patu karihi, ki te tuku ranei i nga patu karihi ki to rohe. Ka awhina hoki ia ki a raatau i te awhina, te akiaki, te akiaki ranei i te tangata ki te uru ki tetahi o enei mahi.
Ko tetahi iwi e mau ana i nga patu karihi e uru ana ki te tiriti, i te wa e whakaae ana ia ki te whakangaro ia ratou i runga i te mahere ture me te mahere mo te wa. Waihoki, ko tetahi iwi e mau ana i nga patu patu karihi o tetahi atu iwi i roto i to rohe, ka uru mai, i nga wa katoa ka whakaae ki te whakakore i roto i tetahi wa roa.
Ko nga Tauiwi he kawenga ki te whakarato i te awhina ki te hunga katoa e pa ana ki te whakamahinga me te whakamatautau i nga patu karihi me te tango i nga waahanga mo te whakaora i nga taiao taiao. E mohio ana te whakamarama i te kino i pa ki te hua o nga patu karihi, tae atu ki te painga o nga wahine me nga kotiro, me nga iwi taketake puta noa i te ao.
I whakaritea te kirimana i te tari matua o nga United Nations i Niu Ioka i Maehe, Pipiri me Hurae o 2017, me te whai waahi atu i nga whenua 135, me nga mema o te hapori hapori. I whakatuwheratia te 20 Mahuru 2017 mo te waitohu. He mea tuturu tenei, a ka herea te ture mo nga iwi e hono ana.
Ko te mahi tahi mo te TPAN kia uru ki te kaha ko tetahi o nga kaupapa matua o te Ao Maehe mo te Haumaru me te Ngataiao.


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Piha ohipa e mataitairaa
Te titau manihini nei matou ia oe ia haere e mataitai i ta matou mau piha ohipa e matini neneiraa. E ite oe i te vahi, te mahana e te hora.
Libéria
Tere mataitairaa
E titauhia anei ia tapao te i‘oa no te hoê tere mataitairaa na mua ’‘e oe e haere mai ai? E. Ia ore ia rahi roa te taata e ia fana‘o te taatoaraa i te tere mataitairaa, te faaitoitohia ’tu nei te feia atoa e haere mai ia ani i te hoê tere mataitairaa noa ’tu te rahi o te pǔpǔ.
Mai te peu aita oe i ani mai i te hoê tere mataitairaa, e nehenehe anei e fana‘o i te tahi? I te rahiraa o te taime, aita e nehenehe. Ua taotiahia hoi te rahiraa taata te nehenehe e mataitai i te mahana hoê.
Afea e tae mai ai no ta oe tere mataitairaa? Mea au a‘e ia tae mai oe hoê hora na mua a‘e aore ra iti mai, eiaha râ hau atu. Eita ïa e î roa te taata i te hoê vahi.
E nafea ia ani i te hoê tere mataitairaa? A pata i nia “Tapao i te hoê tere mataitairaa.”
E nehenehe anei e taui aore ra e faaore i te hoê tere mataitairaa? E. A pata i nia “Hi‘o aore ra taui i te hoê tapaoraa.”
E nafea aita ana‘e e tere mataitairaa i te mau mahana ta oe e hinaaro ra? A tamau i te haere e hi‘o i nia i te reni natirara. Peneia‘e e vata mai te tahi ia taui aore ra ia faaore vetahi ê i ta ratou tere mataitairaa.
Tere mataitairaa
Near Police Academy Junction
Kakata Highway
Paynesville City
MONROVIA
LIBERIA
+231 886-513-408


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07-May-2018
Te Kōwhiringa Pōti Māori 2018He wā te Kōwhiringa Pōti Māori e kōwhiri ai ngā tāngata uri Māori kua rēhita ki te pōti ko tēhea te rārangi pōti mōna, arā, te rārangi Whānui, te rārangi Māori rānei.
He kōwhiringa hira tēnei. He pānga tēnei ki te hunga hei pōti māu kia noho māngai mōu me tō rohe ki te Pāremata.
Ka haere te Kōwhiringa Pōti Māori atu i te 3 o Paengawhāwhā ki te 2 o Hereturikōkā 2018. Heoi anō te wā e āhei anō koe ki te huri rārangi pōti ko te Kōwhiringa Pōti Māori o te tau 2024.
Mēnā he whakapapa Māori tōu, ā, kua rēhita koe ki te pōti, ka tonoa he mōkī ki a koe mā te mēra hei te tīmatanga o Paengawhāwhā.
Ki te pai ki a koe tō momo rārangi pōti, kāore he paku aha māu. Mēnā kei te hiahia koe ki te huri rārangi pōti, me waitohu me te tuhi i te rā ki runga i te reta kei roto i te mōkī ka whakahoki mai. Ki te ngaro tō reta ka taea te whakamahi puka rēhita kia whakarerekēngia tō rārangi pōti.
Mēnā kāore koe i whiwhi i tētahi mōkī i rō mēra, tērā pea kāore i te rēhita, he tawhito rānei ō taipitopito wāhi noho, kāore rānei mātau i te mōhio he uri Māori koe.
Me whakakī e koe tētahi puka rēhita hōu. Me whakatau i tō kōwhiringa hei te 2 o Hereturikōkā.
Mo ētahi atu kōrero mō te Kōwhiringa Pōti Māori, te whiwhi puka rēhita rānei, haere ki maorioption.org.nz, waea rānei ki 0800 36 76 56.


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Palmitoyl Tripeptide-5
Taipitopito hua
Tūtohu hua
hanga Palmitoyl Tripeptide-5 te ake o mekameka o waikawa amino, a kua te kaha ki te tomo i te kiriwaho me te tomo hohonu ki te kiri, te wahi whakaongaonga reira collagen production me tupu kiko hauora. Reira e kore anake hohoro ake collagen te kōtuitanga i roto i te kiri, engari wawe rangahau whakaaro e tenei peptide hoki kua te kaha ki te kōrero ki ngā pūtau kiri, me te ārai i tāoke e tomo ratou i mahi kino. Te whakauru e tenei e mimicking tikanga kōrero tūturu o te tinana e korero pūtau aha ki te mahi i. Tenei ahua o te kōrero āwhina pūtau kiri ki ranei Nini i te tāoke ranei renders reira e mangere. āhua tūturu Palmitoyl Tripeptide-5 o ko e o te wai mārama e kua kahore kakara, me te he wai wairewa. Ka taea te kitea i tēnei peptide i roto i te maha o ngā hua tiaki kiri, engari e whakamahia reira tino maha i roto i aihikirīmi anti-hoholo me serums mata. whakamahia Palmitoyl Tripeptide-5 te i roto i te maha o ngā tūmomo hua anti-hoholo no o tona kaha ki te kōrero ki ngā pūtau kiri, me te whakanui collagen production. kahore he, kiri maro Young-titiro taea kahore collagen, a ka whiwhi i te tuakana tou kiri, iti iho te collagen hua reira. Kamupene e hua serums anti-hoholo me aihikirīmi e te whakamahi i Palmitoyl Tripeptide-5 kore anake te mea parau te reira ngā pūtau kiri ki te whakanui collagen production fakanatula, hanga hoki tenei reira tino whai hua, kia rite ki ētahi atu hua kei roto kia matotoru rawa ki tika ô i te kiri collagen . No te mea mahi Palmitoyl Tripeptide-5 i te roto i ki te whakapiki ake i collagen production, kia kite koutou i pai hua tere atu i pai koe ki te whakamahia e koe i te kirīmi serum ranei e kei collagen i te kiko kararehe. I rangahau mo Palmitoyl Tripeptide-5 kei tonu i roto i o ratou tīmatanga, i reira he torutoru pūrongo o tetahi pānga taha nui mo tenei peptide. Heoi, ki te whai koe i kiri tairongo, kia huru koe ki te hua anti-hoholo kei roto i tēnei peptide. Ētahi tauhohe mate pāwera noa he reddening o te kiri, stinging i te pae o te tono, me te hikaka. Ki te wheako koe tetahi o enei take i te te whakamahi i te hua anti-toulekeleká e kei Palmitoyl Tripeptide-5, kia kōrero koe tou dermatologist tika atu ki te kimi mehemea kahore ranei e meinga te peptide te tauhohenga ranei ki te tetahi hua whānui ai waiho hei whiriwhiri pai mo koe. "Pono, Innovation, Rigorousness, me te kaha" ko te haputanga tamau o to tatou u mo ki te wā roa-waihanga tahi ki kiritaki mō te tauutuutu tahi me te utu tahi mo Wholesale Price Cosmetic Raw Material kiri Whakatika Palmitoyl Tripeptide-5 / Syn-Coll / Paura Pal-kvk, tou tautoko ko to tatou kaha tonu! Māfana ki kiritaki mai i te kāinga, me te ki waho toro i to tatou kamupene. "Pono, Innovation, Rigorousness, me te kaha" ko te haputanga tamau o to tatou u mo te wā roa-ki te hanga i tahi ki kiritaki mō te tauutuutu tahi me te utu tahi mo Palmitoyl Tripeptide-5, Palmitoyl Tripeptide-5 Paura, Syn-Coll, koe ka taea e kitea i nga wa katoa te hua me ngā rongoā e hiahia ana koe ki te whai i roto i to tatou kamupene! Nau mai ki te ui tatou e pā ana ki to tatou hua me te ki tetahi mea e mohio tatou, a ka taea e tatou te āwhina i roto i te auto wahi e manawapa. e titiro matou i mua ki te mahi ki a koutou mo te āhuatanga win-win.


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I tenei wa ka kite koe i te tipu tipu i roto i nga mara. Engari kaore i te wa ka pai te kotinga ki te rangatira. No te aha? He tika te tiaki i te rakau. I mua i to kōwhiringa i tetahi kōwhiringa, me hiahia koe ki te whakamohio ia koe ki nga āhuatanga o nga momo rongonui. Ko te tikanga, mo te peach te āhuarangi o te rohe e whakawhanakehia ai, ko te hanganga o te oneone me te wahi e hiahiatia ana mo te tipu he tino nui.
Kāwai Te tipu tarutaru otaota
I te wa e kowhirihia ana te tarutaru mo te tihi, ka mutu te aro ki nga pata. He makariri te aukati, he kore whakaheke, he urupare ki nga maniua me te whakahoki wawe. Ko taua tipu te otaota tuatahi o te hapu o te witi - te tarutaru otaota, e tata ana ki te korero atu. E mohio ana koe?


text:
Luxury ke Kula Uku mokulele hēkīʻo Samuel M. Casper, Iki, Rock Maunaloa, Sheridan, WY Kekoa Hawaii Company Near Me i kapa aku ai 1-307-363-5099 no ka wā kea i nele wāwae Air holo hana āpana no Business, pilikia, Personal makemake me Style launa pelane? E ka mea maikaʻi loa mokulele poʻe kōkua e kiʻi ai i kou aʻe mākaʻikaʻi koke, a hiki wawe ka!
No ka pāʻoihana de, kaʻo Samuel hana e hoʻolako i ka malū 'okoʻa kahi hoa e hoʻomaka pāʻoihana halawai me ka haʻahaʻa, e hana i ka hapanui o ko lākou hele manawa. Kou holo ana hiki pinepine e koho oe i ma ka international airport pili i kou hale, a lawe oe i kekahi kokoke kou mākaʻikaʻi, hoemi i ka manawa i kou hele pono no ka aina hele.
Papa Inoa O Ka Service mākou e kaumaha aku i
Executive ke Kula Uku mokulele hēkīʻo Samuel M.
Light mokulele hēkīʻo Samuel M.
Mid Size ke Kula Uku mokulele hēkīʻo Samuel M.
Kaumaha ke Kula Uku mokulele hēkīʻo Samuel M. Mahuka
Turboprop ke Kula Uku mokulele hēkīʻo Samuel M.
Empty wāwae ke Kula Uku mokulele hēkīʻo Samuel M.
Ponoi mokulele hēkīʻo Samuel M. kāki
Ponoi mokulele hēkīʻo Samuel M. mahuka kakou. First Class Commercial hawaii
E hoomanao i ka manawa, ka oluolu a, a me ka accessibility mau hua'ōlelo kekahi poʻe ke manaʻo o ka wā e manaʻo o ka hoʻolimalima ponoi mokulele hēkī
E kali oe manawa hiki ia i kekahi mea o ka hala ina oe e ka hoʻolimalimaʻana i ke kula mokulele hēkīʻo Samuel holo hana ma Hawaii. Ka awelika hoohalua manawa o ka hola 4 i ka 6 minuke. E hoʻomaka i kou holo ana ae ho'āʻo ana i ka laina lōʻihi i ka ukana ponopono, ticketing, ka maluhia, a ee i kou pelane.
Hiki ke koho i ke 'ano o ka ai' oe makemake, ka lama o ka lama 'oe makemake, a me ka helu o nā kahu a hoa' oe makemake e lawe pu. Ua hiki a pau e i hoʻopilikino 'e like me kau olelo.
Oe ke huli Empty wāwae hana mai ai a hiki i Hawaii wahi 'o ka manawa ia i loko o ke hawaii hana no ka nele hoʻi mahuka ana o kekahi malū mokulele hēkī hopu aku wale kekahi aoao.
Hōʻoia mai kou hapa kulanakauhale ma lalo no ka 'ike hou ma luna o ka mokulele chartering ma Hawaii.
Private Jet Charter Flight Service Near Me Wyoming
Papa Inoa o ka waiwai a me ka lehulehu mokulele hēkī international airport wahi kokoke mākou e mālama i loko o kou wahi like aerospace mokulele maunakea hana kokoke oe, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_airports_in_Wyoming
Best mea e hana ma Cheyenne, Casper, Iki, Laramie, Rock Maunaloa, Sheridan, Evanston, Green River, Riverton, Cody, Jackson, Rawlins, Lander, Torrington, Douglas, Powell, Worland, Buffalo, WY lunaʻAuwana I Ke Ahiahi, Hawaii a me ka Hotels Review a puni koʻu wahi
ʻo Samuel M. Airlines Idaho | ponoi mokuleleʻo Samuel Cheyenne


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BCG Vaccine: Information for Parents - Kiribati (Gilbertese) version
Ibukiia merimeri ma ataei ake a kai reke irouia manin te TB
Tera te iti ae te BCG?
Te BCG bon te iti are a anganaki ataei ake a kakai reke irouia manin te TB.
Te iti ae te BCG e buoka karikirakean tautian rabwatan natim ni buakanii maninaoraki ake a kona n reke mai iai te kangenge ao n buokiia naba n tuuka reken aorakin te kangenge aika kakamaku nakoia.
Akea boon te iti ae te BCG ibukiia ataei ake a bwaka aia ririki iaan 5 te ririki ao ake a kai reke irouia te TB.
Antai ae e na riai n anganaki te bwainaoraki ke te iti ae te BCG?
Te iti ae te Bacille Calmette- Guérin (BCG) e katauaki ibukiia ataei aika a bwaka aia ririki iaan 5 te ririki ao ni kai ewekaki nte TB.
Natim e na kai ewekaki n te kangenge ao e riai n anganaki te bwainaoraki ke te iti ae te BCG n akea boona ngkana:
- e na maeka n te auti ke ma ana utu ma te aomata ae iai irouna ngkai te TB ke ae e a tia n reke manin te TB (kangenge) irouna n taai aika nako.
- iai temanna mairouia ana karo ke kain ana auti, ke taan tararuaia, ae a tia ni maeka nimaua te ririki n nako n te aba teuana inanon te maan ae onoua namwakaina ao te aba anne e korakora iai mwaitin te kangenge. namwakaina
- e na maeka teniua namwakaina ke e maan riki (inanon aia moan nimaua n ririki) i aon te aba teuana are e korakora iai mwaitin te kangenge ao ni kai reke bobona ma naake iai irouia te aoraki ae te kangenge.
Am neeti nte kawa ke am taokita ena tuangko ngkana e na kona n kai reke manin te kangenge iroun natim . Aikai aaba aika e korakora iai mwaitin te kangenge:
- angiin aban Aberika
- angiin aban Amerika Maiaki
- Rutia ao aban te Soviet rimoa
- mwakoron aban India ake a uarereke
- Tiaina, n ikotaki ma Hong Kong; Taiwan (ROC)
- Atia Maiaki Mainiku (tiaki Tingkaboa)
- tabeua aban te Betebeke (ma aki reke aaba n aron te Aono ni Kuka, Niue, Tamoa, Tokerau ao Tonga).
Tera te kangenge (TB)?
- Te kangenge bon te aoraki ae e ewewe. E kona ni karekea te kai kua, te bebekobeko, te mariri, ao te motiniike (uarereke ikem).
- Angin te tai, te kangenge e roota te maamaa, ma e kona naba n rooti mwakoron te rabwata tabeua, n aron te rii, ri n toma ao kirini. E kona naba ni karekea te aoraki ae kakaiaki nakon te kaburoro ma riin te nuka.
- E kona n ewe te kangenge mairoun temanna nakon temanna rinanon te bebekobeko, te babaware ke te mwatie.
- Mwaitia aika a kangenge iaon Nu Tiiran e kaaniia 300 te aomata ni katoa ririki.
Nna kanga ni kamanoa natiu man te kangenge (TB)?
Ko kona n nikira natim bwa e na itinaki n itin te Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG). Te iti ae te BCG e buoka natim n kakorakora tautian rabwatana n totokoa ao ni buakana maninaorakin te kangenge.
Te iti aio ena anganaki natim iaon anganibaina.
Ningai te kabanea n tamaroa n tai ae riai n itinaki iai natiu n te BCG?
- E rang raoiroi bwa natim ena anganaki te iti aei tabebong imwin bungiakina ke imarenan te bong are bung iai ao onoua te namwakaina imwina. A kona ngkanne n itinaki ataei ake a bwaka iaan nimaua te ririki.
- Ngkana natim ea riaon onoua te namwakaina, e na tuoaki n noraki ngkana e a tia n reke irouna maninaorakin te kangenge. N norakin mwin te tutuo aei, ao e a tibwa kona n itinaki ngkanne natim.
Nna kanga ni karekea te iti aio nakon natiu?
Ko kona n taetae nakon am neeti n am kawa, ke am tia kabung ke am taokita ni kabaea am tai ni kawaria. Ko kona naba n reitaki ma am kiriniki ke te onnaoraki ae ko kaan mangaia ao tuatua bwa ko na taetae ma te neti are tabena te iti ae te BCG.
Taraa akun te iteraniba aei ibukin kabwarabwarana riki.
Tera ae e na riki imwin anganakin natiu te iti aei?
Kanganga n irekereke ma mwiin te iti aei a bon kabuta, ma e kuri kanganga reken kabuanibwai ke kanganga aika a bubura riki man te iti aei. Angiia ataei ake a itinaki nte BCG a kona n kinaka mwiin itinakia ao ngkana e mao ao ea tiku mwina kanga te mwaka ae uarereke.
- I nanon 1–6 te wiki, e na bauraura te tabo are e itinaki.
- I mwin 6–12 te wiki, e na manga kinaka mwin te tabo are e itinaki are e bauraura ngkoa. Ngkana e reke aei, rabunna n te kooti ao karekea rinnakon te ang nako nanona. Tai kamanenaa te buratita ae nimnim.
- E kona n reke teniua te namakaina imwain maon te kinaka, ao ni kona n riki bwa te mwaka ae uarereke. Aei bon arona.
Oomwakara te iti aei ibukin totokoan te kangenge?
E ngae ngke te iti aio e aki kona n tuka te maninaoraki are e karekea te TB, e bon kona n buoka te ataei n totokoa nakoina reken aorakin te TB riki tabeua aika a kakamaku.
Abwakira ke maanra ana kamanomano te iti aei n totokoa te kangenge?
E kuneaki imwin taian reirei ma kakae bwa te iti ae te BCG e nakon 15 te ririki manin ana kamanomano n totokoa reken aorakin te TB aika a kakamaku.