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Whārangi 1: Haurongo
Te Rauparaha
?–1849
Nō Ngāti Toa, nō Ngāti Raukawa; he rangatira
I tuhia tēnei haurongo e Steven Oliver,, ā, i tāngia tuatahitia ki Ngā Tāngata Taumata Rau Ko te wāhanga , 1990.
Na, ko Te Rauparaha te tama a Werawera o Ngāti Toa rāua ko tana wahine tuarua a Parekōwhatu (Parekōhatu) o Ngāti Raukawa. E ai ki ngā kōrero e tamariki tonu ana i te taenga mai o Kāpene Kuki (James Cook) ki Aotearoa nei. Mehemea kei te tika tēnei, e tinga ana nō te tekau tau atu i 1760, te wā i whānau ai ia. Kāore i te mōhiotia menā i whānau ki Kāwhia, ki te kāinga rānei o tana whaea i Maungatautari. He uri nō Hoturoa o Tainui waka. Ko ōna mātua i heke ngātahi mai i ngā tūpuna taketake o ō rāua matawaka. Ahakoa ehara nō te kāhui tumu whakarae, i riro i a ia te tūranga kaingārahu o tōna iwi, nā runga tonu rā i tōna hikareia ki te tiaki i ngā take e pā ana ki tōna iwi, me tana pūkenga hoki i te kauhanga riri. Ahakoa te potopoto o te tū, he tangata pakari, he kōpaka rā hoki. He rite te ihu ki tō te ngutu kākā ina anga kōtaha mai ana. I a ia ka nanawe, ka kanapa ngā karu ka piko whakararo te tupere o tana ngutu o raro.
Nō tētahi otaota kīnaki kai e mōhiotia nei he rauparaha, te takenga mai o tōna īngoa. Nō muri tata mai i tōna whānautanga, ka patua, ā, ka kainga mai tētahi o ōna whanaunga e tētahi toa o Waikato. Me te whakaweti mai anō o tērā ki te tunu i te tamaiti rā i rō rau rauparaha, hei kai māna. Ka tapaina tonutia atu taua tamaiti rā ko Te Rauparaha, hei whakatōrea i taua whakatuma. Ko Māui Pōtiki tētahi īngoa i tapaina ki a ia i tōna taiohinga, he rite nō āna mahi hauora, mahi raweke hoki ki ā Māui. Ko te roanga ake o tōna whanaketanga i pau ki te iwi o tōna whaea i Maungatautari, ēngari, tērā pea i whakaakona ia i te whare wānanga i Kāwhia.
I ngā tau whakamutunga o te rau tau 1700–1799, e whawhaitia ana ngā whenua haumako ki te raki o Kāwhia. Ko ngā hoa tauwhāinga ko Ngāti Toa rātou ko ōna karangatanga whanaunga maha, pērā i a Ngāti Raukawa rā, ki a Waikato whānui tonu. Kia puta noa te rongo kua patua he ihorei, kua whakamaniorotia, kua pīhia rānei tētahi taha e tētahi, ka kaha kē atu te tutū o te puehu. I whai wāhi a Te Rauparaha ki te maha o ngā take whakatutū puehu, i te wā e pakari haere nei te taupatupatu o te riri. Nāna te taua ki te whenua kūraruraru ki te raki o Kāwhia, kia hinga ko Te Uira, he kaingārahu nō Waikato. I tētahi wā anō, nāna te hikutoto i whakarewa atu ki Whāingaroa (Raglan Harbour). He ngaki i te mate o ana irāmutu wāhine i roto i tētahi tira o Ngāti Toa i patua mai i reira. He kaingārahu whakatuki i pirihongotia e te hunga pīpī i roto i ngā mahi kawe a riri.
Ka kaha haere nā te taupatupatu o te riri, ka hinga ki a Ngāti Toa a Te Aho-o-te-rangi, he rangatira nō Waikato i haere ake ki te tuki i a Kāwhia. Ka whakatika mai ko te waitaua a Te Rauangaanga ki te pikitoto i te mate o tana tupuna o Te Aho-o-te-rangi. Na, ko Te Rauangaanga te matua o Te Wherowhero, ā, hei mokopuna tāne ki a Te Aho-o-te-rangi. Ka taieritia a Ngāti Toa ki te pito tonga o te whanga o Kāwhia ki te pā o Te Tōtara. I reira ka houhia te rongo. Kāore i roa kua whati. He haerenga nō te tira hopu ika a Te Rauparaha ki ngā taunga i kokorahotia e Ngāti Maniapoto. Ko Waikato tēnā kua tae ake hei tuarā mō Ngāti Maniapoto. Ka tū tā rātou ohiti, ehara, ko te horonga tēnā o Hikuparoa pā ki a rātou. I puta ora atu a Te Rauparaha ki Te Tōtara. Ka whawhai tonu, ā nāwai, nāwai, ā ka tuku te rau o te patu, ka mau te rongo.
Nō muri i tēnei ka hiki atu a Te Rauparaha i Kāwhia, heoti, i tōna hokinga mai ka uru atu ia ki tētahi taua whai takapau mō te matenga o Tarapeke. He toa ahurei a Tarapeke nō Ngāti Toa, i hinga i te tuku mātātahi i waho o Te Tōtara pā. Ka ahu whaka-te-raki te ope whakaea i raro i a Te Rauparaha. Ko Te Wharengori o Ngāti Pou te ika. Ka urutomokia anō a Kāwhia e Waikato. Ka tū mai ko Ngāti Toa ki te taiari, ka hinga. Pēnei tonu ā nāwai, nāwai, ā ka taui a Ngāti Toa ki Ōhāua-te-rangi pā. Na, tērā ētahi o ngā ngare o Waitohi, te tuahine o Te Rauparaha, i roto i ngā kaituki. Nā Waitohi te rongo ā whare i whakarite i waenga i a Ngāti Toa rātou ko ōna whanaunga, ka ū.
I ngā wā o te waikanaetanga ka takahia e Te Rauparaha te nuku o te whenua ki te toro i ngā iwi e rata mai ana ki a Ngāti Toa. I Maungatautari ia i te wā e whakahemohemo ana a Hape-ki-tūārangi, rangatira o Ngāti Raukawa. Nō te putanga o te ōhākī a tērā, arā, ko wai rā hei whakakapi mōna, kore rawa i hamumu ngā waha o ana tama, o ana whanaunga rānei. Ka tū atu ko Te Rauparaha, ka taka ki ōna pokohiwi te pūeru o te rangatira rā. Taro ake, ka moea e Te Rauparaha a Te Ākau, te pouaru a Hape, hei wahine tuarima māna. Ko ana wāhine o mua atu ko Marore rātou ko Kāhuirangi, ko Rangitāmoana, tuahine o Marore, ko Hopenui hoki. I ngā tau atu i 1810 ki 1815 i a Ngāti Maru i Hauraki, a Te Rauparaha. I reira ka whakawhiwhia ia ki tana pū tuatahi. I toro pērā atu ia ki a Ngāti Whātua i Kaipara i taua wā. Ko te whakaaro ko tana kaupapa haere, he waihanga i tētahi whakakotahitanga hei huaki i a Waikato. Ko wai ka hua, ko tētahi kaupapa anō pea ko te kimi wāhi noho mō tōna iwi.
Kua roa kē a Ngāti Toa e noho haumi ana ki ngā iwi o Taranaki ki te raki. Nō aua iwi te rohe e kāpīpiti ana ki te ripa tonga o Ngāti Maniapoto. Na, nō te tau 1816 ka tū he kai whāngai, arā, he hākari pākūwhā mō Nohorua rāua ko tētahi wahine o Ngāti Rāhiri. Hei tuakana te Nohorua nei ki a Te Rauparaha. I whānau rā hoki ki te wahine matua a tō rāua pāpā. Hei utu i te kai whāngai ka rewa atu ngā waka o Ngāti Rāhiri ki Kāwhia. Ehara, ka huripoki ngā waka, ka kōharihari te kaihaukai. Nā te kaha o tō rātou whakatakariri i tēnei aituā ka huakina e Ngāti Rāhiri a Ngāti Toa. Nō te wā e potapotae ana i te tau 1818 ka rautupua a Taranaki e te marau a Ngāti Toa. I piri atu a Murupaenga rāua ko Tūwhare ki taua waitaua. He rangatira te tokorua nei nō Ngāti Whātua ki te raki o Tāmaki-makau-rau (Auckland). Ēngari, nā te mea he uku a Ngāti Rāhiri nō Ngāti Toa nō mai rā anō, ka houhia te rongo i tō rātou pā o Te Taniwha. I rongona tuatahitia te pakū o te pū ki roto o Taranaki i taua hohounga i te rongo. Taro ake, ka puta mai ko Te Pūoho-o-te-rangi ki te tuki haere i ērā o ngā iwi o Taranaki. I piri atu a Te Rauparaha ki taua pahī i mua i tana hokinga ki Kāwhia.
Nō te tau 1819 ka maranga mai te waitaua nui mau pū o Te Tai Tokerau, i raro i a Tūwhare rātou ko Patuone me Nene mā. I hiki atu rātou ko Te Rauparaha mā ngā whenua o Te Āti Awa, arā, te uku o Ngāti Toa, ki te pū o Taranaki. Ko Ngāti Maruwharanui tērā ka huakina, ka horo. Waihoki ko te pā o Te Kerikeringa me ētahi atu. Ngākau kore ana ngā toa kātahi anō nei ka kite i te mahi a te pū. Ka ahu whakarunga te waitaua nei ki Te Moana-a-Raukawa me te tuki haere tonu. I momoho a Ngāti Ira ki te wawao i tō rātou pā i Pukerua. He rākau Māori noa iho ā rātou. E ai ki ngā kōrero, nā Te Rauparaha te tono maungārongo ki a Ngāti Ira, ēngari he parau, ka hangarautia rātou. Nō te hoki whakararotanga iho o te taua nei, ka tauria a Ngāti Apa i Rangitīkei. Ka mau herehere ko Te Pikinga, ka moea e te irāmutu o Te Rauparaha, e Te Rangihaeata hei wahine māna. Ka tae ki Kāwhia ka tukuna e Ngā Puhi ētahi pū ki a Ngāti Toa. Ko tō rātou hokinga atu tēnā ki Te Tai Tokerau.
Na, ka kaha haere ngā rīriri ki a Waikato, ka kaha haere anō hoki te noho kore whakamarumaru o Te Rauparaha mā i Kāwhia. He rapu kāinga hou mō tōna iwi pea te take i uru atu ai ia ki te waitaua o ngā tau 1819–20. I a ia i Te Moana-a-Raukawa ka kite a Te Rauparaha i tētahi kaipuke e rere ana. Tērā pea ko tētahi o ngā kaipuke o te kahupapa o Rūhia (Russia), i raro i a Bellingshausen. Nā tētahi o ngā amorangi o Te Tai Tokerau i kī atu ki a Te Rauparaha, arā, he pai ngā tāngata o aua kaipuke, ā, mehemea ka neke whaka-te-tonga ake ia, e kore e hapa ka hau tōna rongo i Te Moana-a-Raukawa, i te mahi whakawhitiwhiti taonga mō te pū, i ngā kaipuke e toro mai ana.
I tēnei wā ka patua mai a Marore, te wahine matua a Te Rauparaha, i a ia i tētahi tangihanga i Waikato. Hei utu, ka patua e Te Rauparaha rātou ko ngā whanaunga o Marore, tētahi rangatira o Waikato. I patua i tētahi ara i tohua kia wātea i te turaturatanga, mō te tangata haere noa. Ko te marangatanga mai tēnā o te mano tini o ngā toa o Waikato me Ngāti Maniapoto, ka urutomokia a Kāwhia. E tū tata ana ki te roto o Taharoa ko Te Kakara wāhi. Ka tukia, ka hinga a Ngāti Toa. Ko Waikawau pā tērā i te tonga o te koutu o Tīrau ka tukia, ka whakarautia. Ko te whakatahitanga tēnā o Te Rauparaha ki Te Arawī pā e pātata atu rā ki te whanga o Kāwhia, kātahi ka awhitia. Na, ko ētahi o ngā kaipakipaki hei whanaunga ki a Ngāti Toa. Kāore rātou i pīrangi kia hoepapatia a Ngāti Toa ki te korehāhā. Nā te kaingārahu o Ngāti Maniapoto nei nā Te Rangituataka, i tuku huna atu he kai ki te pā. Nāna anō te whakamāherehere ki a Te Rauparaha kia rere ki a Te Āti Awa i Taranaki noho punanga ai. I uru anō te whakaaro ki te hinengaro o Te Rauparaha ki te whati pērā ki ōna whanaunga ki a Ngāti Raukawa i te rāwhiti, ēngari e āraia mai ana te huarahi e ngā hokowhitu tauwhāinga. Nā te mea he whanaunga te tokomaha o Ngāti Toa nō ngā iwi o Waikato, i tukuna ai rātou kia haere noa atu i Kāwhia. Ko te tīmatanga tēnei o te wāhanga tuatahi o te heke whaka-te-tonga, e kīia nei ko Te Heke Tahu-tahu-ahi.
Ka tahuri a Te Rauparaha ki te tahu i tana whare whakairo i Kāwhia, kātahi ka takitakina e ia he apakura mō Kāwhia. Ka hiki atu tana ope ki Pukeroa pā. Ruarua nei ngā māero te tawhiti o taua pā ki te tonga o Kāwhia. Hei whanaunga ngātahi ki a Ngāti Toa rāua ko Ngāti Maniapoto te iwi o taua pā nei. Ko te nuinga o ngā wāhine rātou ko ngā tamariki me te hunga i whara, i mahue ki reira. Ko ngā toa i haere whaka-te-tonga atu, ka whakawhiti i te awa o Mōkau ki te rohe o ērā uku o rātou o Ngāti Tama. I hoki a Te Rauparaha me tana hokotahi mau pū, ki te ārahi mai i te hunga i mahue atu rā ki Pukeroa. I mōhio ia e whāia mai ana rātou e Ngāti Maniapoto. Ka kākahuria e ia tana iwi ki te kākahu whero, kātahi ka tukuna e ia kia hau te wawara, arā, he taua mau kākahu whero nō Ngā Puhi kei taua rohe. Nā tēnei i āta waihotia ai e Ngāti Maniapoto te ope taurewa nei. Nō te pō, i te tira taurewa e tatari ana ki te whakawhiti i te awa o Mōkau, ka whakatakotoria e Te Rauparaha tana nuka hei māminga i te hoariri. Hei tuku i te tokonga whakaaro he taua rahi tāna, ka ūhia ngā rake rākau ki te korowai, ka tahutahuna te tini o te ahi, ā, ko Te Rauparaha kei runga e whaikōrero ana ki taua hunga nei. I te tonga o Mōkau ka noho tōpū anō a Ngāti Toa. E potapotae ana ki te 1,500 rātou o Ngāti Toa i whakatika atu ki Te Kaweka wāhi i Taranaki. I reira ka tīmata rātou ki te pou mahinga kai i te whenua i tukuna e Te Āti Awa ki a rātou. Nō te whakamutunga o te tau 1821 nō te tīmatanga kē rānei o te tau 1822, ka puta whaka-te-tonga ake a Te Wherowhero me tana ope o Waikato ki roto o Taranaki, heoti i patua ki Motunui. E ai ki ngā kōrero, nā Te Rauparaha te kupu ohiti ki a Waikato kia kaua e hoki mā te raki ki te kāinga, i te mea ko Ngāti Tama kei reira e whanga mai ana. Nā te rironga o te tāhuna i Motunui a Ngāti Toa i noho māhorahora ai, i runga i te mōhio kua kore rātou e whāia mai.
I mahue ake a Ngāti Toa ki Taranaki, ka hoki whakararo a Te Rauparaha ki Maungatautari. Ko te kaupapa he whakamātau ki te whakakīkī i a Ngāti Raukawa kia whakapiri mai ki tana heke, arā, he hiahia nōna kia tokomaha ake ana toa mau rākau mau pū. Heoti, he kaupapa kē noa atu tā Ngāti Raukawa i Te Matau-a-Māui (Hawke's Bay). Ka whakatika atu ia ki Rotorua ki te whakamanawa i a Te Arawa ki te huaki i tētahi waitaua nō Ngā Puhi. He ngaki i te patunga o ōna whanaunga o Ngāti Maru e Ngā Puhi, te take. I uru atu ētahi o Tūhourangi ki taua hikutoto ki a Ngā Puhi, ka mutu, ka whai atu rātou i a Te Rauparaha ki Taranaki.
Taka rawa ake ki te tau 1822 kua tīmata kē tērā wāhanga o ngā heke a Ngāti Toa, e kīia nei ko Te Heke Tātaramoa. Taihoa ake ka ū ki te motu o Kapiti. I uru atu ētahi o Te Āti Awa ki taua hekenga. E 250 māero te tawhiti o tēnei haerenga. I takahia mai mā ngā whenua o te hoariri, arā, mā ngā whenua nā Te Rauparaha mā i marau haere i ngā tau o mua tata atu. I te tīmatanga he aumārire te heke, nō te mea kua oti kē hoki i a Te Rauparaha te hohou te rongo, te whakamoe rānei i ētahi o ōna ki ngā iwi o reira. Ko ētahi anō i taui i runga i te mōhio, arā, he wetiweti ngā taua mau pū, ā, e noho matakana ana ki ngā whakaaro o Te Rauparaha. Ko ngā iwi o Whanganui i rere whakaroto mā te awa o Whanganui. I te tīmatanga e noho hoahoa ana a Ngāti Toa rāua ko Ngāti Apa o Rangitīkei. He karanga kaireperepe hoki i runga i te moenga o Te Pikinga ki a Te Rangihaeata.
Nō te taenga rawa mai o te heke ki te awa o Manawatū, kātahi anō ka tipu te raruraru. I a Nohorua mā e toro kai ana, ka whānakotia ō rātou waka. Hei utu, ka huakina tētahi o ngā kāinga o Rangitāne e Ngāti Toa. Ko ētahi i patua kia mate. Ko te marangatanga mai tēnā o ngā iwi o Te Manawatū me Horowhenua ki te ātete. I puta te tono a Toheriri ki a Te Rauparaha me tana whānau, kia haere ake ki tētahi hākari e pātata ana ki te roto o Papaitonga. I te pō, ka tīmata a Mua-ūpoko ki te patupatu i te whānau a Te Rauparaha. Ko Te Rauparaha i puta. Ko ana tamariki e mōhiotia ana i patua ko tana tama ko Te Rangihoungāriri, ko tana tamāhine ko Te Uira me ētahi atu. Ko te kī taurangitanga tēnā a Te Rauparaha, arā, ka patua e ia a Mua-ūpoko mai i te ata hāpara ā tae noa ki te pōrehurehu. Ka whakarautia ngā pā roto o Mua-ūpoko, kātahi ka patupatua. He whārona awatea, kore rawa tētahi i tohua.
Na, ko Te Pēhi Kupe te tumu whakarae o Ngāti Toa. Nāna i huaki ohorere a Mua-ūpoko i Kapiti, i hinga ai ki a ia taua motu. I taua wā e tuki haere ana a Te Rauparaha i ngā iwi o Horowhenua. Nō te whakatumatanga mai a Ngāti Kahungunu rāua ko Ngāti Apa i a Ngāti Toa, ka hiki atu rātou ki Kapiti whakamarumaru ai. Ahakoa rā, e tū tonu ana te pakanga ki te tuawhenua. Ko Rangitāne tērā i Hotuiti. I hohoungia te rongo ki a rātou ēngari he tipatipa. E noho warea ana kātahi ka patua kinotia. Ko 1824 pea te tau i huihui ai tētahi kahupapa waka nui o ngā iwi o te tonga. I whakahiato rātou mai i Taranaki ki Te Whanganui-a-Tara (Wellington Harbour) i Te Ika-a-Māui, me ētahi mai i Te Waipounamu. Ka whakaekea a Kapiti i Waiorua i te pō, kātahi ka patua te hunga whakaeke. Nā te rironga o tēnei tāhuna i whakatūturu te noho a Ngāti Toa ki te tonga o Te Ika-a-Māui. I te tekau tau mai i 1824, he maha ngā heke mai i Taranaki, i Ngāti Raukawa ki ngā whenua raupatu i tukuna e Te Rauparaha ki a rātou. He uku rā hoki nōna.
Kua tīmata kē te mahi hokohoko i Kapiti, a ngā kaipuke whaiwhai tohorā me ērā atu kaipuke o te Pākehā i te tau 1827. Nā te mea ko ia te rangatira mō ngā mahi hokohoko pū, hokohoko matā, te take i kaha kē ake ai te mana o Te Rauparaha i ō ōna uku. Mauria ai ngā herehere ki Kapiti ki te hāro harakeke hei hoko pū, hei hoko paura me te tupeka. I hiahia anō hoki ia kia noho ko ia te rangatira hei whakarato pounamu. Na, ko Te Waipounamu te pū o te pounamu. He whenua ngāwari ki te raupatu nō te mea kāore anō ngā iwi o reira kia whiwhi pū. Tua atu, nā ētahi o ngā ngārahu o reira a ia i whakamanioro, ā, i rewa te patu a ētahi ki a Ngāti Toa i Waiorua. Ko 1827 pea te tau i whakawhiti atu ai te taua a Te Rauparaha i Te Moana-a-Raukawa ki Te Wairau. I reira ka hinga ētahi o ngā pā o Rangitāne. Kotahi tau pea, neke atu rānei i muri mai, ka rewa atu te kahupapa waka āhua rahi tonu i Kapiti ki te urutomo i Te Waipounamu. Ko Te Āti Awa i wehe ki te tuki i ngā whenua i Tōtaranui Te Ara-a-paoa (Queen Charlotte Sound), ko Te Rauparaha i wehe ki Te Hoiere (Pelorus Sound). Ko te nuinga o tana ope e 340 tāngata e mau pū ana. Ka huakina a Ngāti Kuia i Hikapu kātahi ka patua rawatia. Ka ahu pērā ki Kaikōura. I reira ka mau ohorere a Ngāi Tahu, ka hinga. Ko ētahi i patupatua, ko ētahi anō i mauria hei taurekareka.
Ka whakatika atu a Te Rauparaha me tētahi matua o te waitaua ki Kaiapoi, he tino pā nō Ngāi Tahu. Na, ko Te Pēhi Kupe me ōna hoa ngārahu tokowhitu anake, i tomo atu ki te hoko pounamu. Ina hoki kua rongo kē te iwi o Kaiapoi mō te tukinga o ō rātou whanaunga i Kaikōura, ka patua e rātou ngā rangatira o Ngāti Toa nei, kātahi ka kainga. Ka āpititia te pā e Ngāti Toa, ā, kāore i momoho. Ko tō rātou tahuritanga atu tēnā ki te patupatu i ngā herehere o Ngāi Tahu i a rātou. Kotahi rau pea ngā mea i patua. Ko te hokinga atu tēnā o Te Rauparaha ki Kapiti. Nō te tau 1830 ka tīmata anō tana whakaeke i a Ngāi Tahu. I hunaia e Kāpene John Stewart 100 ngā toa o Ngāti Toa ki tana kaipuke, ki te Elizabeth, kātahi ka rewa atu ki Akaroa. Nāna i pātoi te amorangi o Ngāi Tahu rā a Tama-i-hara-nui ki tana kaipuke. He tipatipa nāna he pū āna hei hoko. Ka eke atu ka hopukina a Tama-i-hara-nui rātou ko tana wahine me tā rāua tamāhine. E whakahokia ana ki Kapiti ka nanatia e Tama-i-hara-nui te kakī o tana tamāhine kia kore ai e whakataurekarekatia. Nō te taenga ki Kapiti ka tūkinotia rāua ko tana wahine, kātahi ka patua kia mate.
I tūtaki a Te Rauparaha ki te minita, ki a Te Mātenga (Samuel Marsden), i tana haerenga ki Poihākena (Sydney) i te tau 1830. E ai ki ngā kōrero nā te kaipuke nāna ia i whakahoki mai, i mau rātou ko tana taua ki Rangitoto (D'Urville Island). I reira ka mau hereheretia e rātou ngā rerenga o Ngāti Kuia, ka whakahokia mai ki Kapiti. Nō te tau 1831 kei Kaiapoi pā anō a Te Rauparaha e awhi ana. Nā ana keringa me te tahunga o ngā pekerangi ka horo. Ka hoki anō ia ki Akaroa. Ko Ōnawe pā tērā ka tukia, ka hinga. Ko tōna hikinga atu tēnā ki Kapiti, ēngari i waiho iho ētahi ōna hei rangatira mō ngā iwi kua whakataurekarekatia nei.
I tēnei wā e noho tauwhāinga ana ngā iwi heke i te rohe ki te puāwanga o Te Ika-a-Māui ki a rātou anō, ā, ki te tangata whenua hoki. Ko te whenua me ngā wāhi kai, te take. Kua kore ngā iwi heke nei e aro atu ki te mana o Te Rauparaha. Nō te tau 1834 ka rewa te rau o te patu i waenga i a Ngāti Raukawa rāua ko Te Āti Awa. Nā te mea he uku a Ngāti Raukawa nōna ka whakawetihia te tūnga kaingārahu o Te Rauparaha. Ko ētahi anō o Ngāti Toa i raro i a Te Hiko-o-te-rangi, te tama a Te Pēhi Kupe, i tū hei tuarā mō Te Āti Awa. Ka maranga mai ēnei ka pakipakitia a Te Rauparaha i te wai o Rangiruru. Ka rere tana karanga ki a Mananui Te Heuheu Tūkino II, te kaingārahu o Ngāti Tūwharetoa kia haere ake ki te āwhina i a ia. Ko te whakaaro tuatahi o Te Rauparaha i te hohoutanga o te rongo, he hoki tahi me Mananui ki te raki, ēngari nā Te Rangihaeata a ia i whakakīkī kia noho. Ko tōna hokinga atu tēnā ki Kapiti. I te pokapūtanga o te tekau tau atu i 1830, kua raupatu katoatia e Te Rauparaha me ōna haumi te puāwanga o Te Ika-a-Māui me te nuinga o te pito raki o Te Waipounamu.
Ko tana hiahia i nāianei he raupatu i te toenga o Te Waipounamu. Ēngari, ko te mate kē kua whiwhi pū a Ngāi Tahu. He mea hoko mai nā rātou i ngā kaiwhaiwhai tohorā i Ōtākou (Otago). Kua kaha rātou i nāianei ki te ātete i a Te Rauparaha. Ko 1833 pea te tau i tata mau herehere ai ia i a Ngāi Tahu o Ōtākou, i Kaparatehau (Lake Grassmere). He pakanga anō āna i Ōraumoaiti me Ōraumoanui ēngari kāore i tutuki. I te tukinga a Ngāi Tahu i ngā teihana patu tohorā e whakamarumaru ana i raro i tōna mana, kāore i taea e Te Rauparaha te ārai. Nō te taenga ake o te taua a Ngāi Tahu ki Te Moana-a-Raukawa, kāore a Te Rauparaha i maranga mai ki te whakaangaanga i a rātou.
Nō te matenga o Waitohi i te tau 1839 ka tutū anō te puehu i waenga i ngā uku o Te Rauparaha. Hei tuahine a Waitohi ki a Te Rauparaha, ā, hei whaea hoki nō Te Rangihaeata. I muia tēnā tangihanga nui e te tangata. I kawea mai he takoha i Te Waipounamu e tētahi tangata nō Rangitāne ki te uhunga. He pononga taua tangata nā Te Āti Awa. Ahakoa te whakahē a Te Āti Awa ka patua taua pononga ka kainga. Nā te mahi kōwhetewhete i te uhunga, ka tutū anō te puehu i waenga i a Te Āti Awa rāua ko Ngāti Raukawa. Ko te pakanga o Te Kūititanga i Waikanae te hua. I whakawhiti mai a Te Rauparaha i Kapiti hei tuarā mō Ngāti Raukawa ēngari i tino patua rātou. Nā te eke ki runga i tētahi waka whaiwhai tohorā i puta ai ia ki te ora. I muri i tēnei whawhai kāore ngā tūpāpaku i pāhuatia, i kainga rānei, nō te mea kua taka kē hoki a Te Āti Awa ki raro i te awe o ngā tohutohu Karaitiana. He tikanga i whakahokia mai i Pēwhairangi (Bay of Islands) e ngā mau herehere o Te Āti Awa i tukuna kia haere. I tanumia ngā tūpāpaku o Ngāti Raukawa me ō rātou kākahu, tae atu hoki ki ā rātou pū me ā rātou matā.
Nō te 16 o Oketopa 1839 i whawhaitia ai a Te Kūititanga. Taro ake, i taua rā anō ka tau te kaipuke o te Kamupene o Niu Tīreni (New Zealand Company) a te Tory ki Kapiti. Ko Kānara Wairaweke (William Wakefield) tērā kua tae ake. E hiahia ana ki te hoko whenua inā kē te rahi. Ka whakariteritea te take, ka tau. Ka riro i a Te Rauparaha he paraikete, he pū me ētahi rawa hei utu. Nō muri mai ka noho hei take tohetohe te rahi o te whenua i hokona. Hei tā Te Rauparaha ko ngā whenua i Whakatū (Nelson) me Te Taitapu (Golden Bay) anake āna i hoko ai. I muri i te taenga mai o Rūtene Kāwana Wiremu Hōpihona (William Hobson) i te tau 1840, ka whakakorea e ia ngā hokonga whenua katoa, ā, ka whakatūria e ia he kōmihana hei tirotiro. Nō te 14 o Mei o taua tau, ka hainatia e Te Rauparaha tētahi tauira o te Tiriti o Waitangi nā te mihinare a te Rōpū Hāhi Mihinare (Church Missionary Society) rā, nā Te Karu Whā (Henry Williams), i whakatakoto ki tōna aroaro. I whakapono a Te Rauparaha mā te Tiriti e whakapūmau te mana ahikāroa o rātou ko ōna uku, ki ngā whenua i raupatutia e rātou i ngā 18 tau o mua atu. He tohenga nā Meiha Thomas Bunbury ki a ia kia haina, i hainatia ai e ia tētahi tauira anō o te Tiriti i te 19 o Hune.
I ātetehia e Te Rauparaha te nohonoho mai a te Pākehā i ngā wāhi e ai ki a ia kāore anō kia hokona. I mautohetia ngā whenua i Pari-ā-rua (Porirua) me Te Awakairangi (Hutt Valley). Heoti, nō te tau 1843 ka puta te mautohe tino nui. Ko te pūtake, he korenga nō Te Rauparaha rāua ko Te Rangihaeata i whakaae kia rūrihia te mānia o Te Wairau. Ka whakatika mai a Arthur Wakefield i Whakatū me tana ope tangata whai mau pū, ki te whakamau i a Te Rauparaha. Nō te tūtakitanga ka mura te ahi, ka hinga ko Te Rongo, te wahine a Te Rangihaeata. Nō muri mai i te whakahaurarotanga o te tangata whai, ka patupatua e Te Rangihaeata hei ngaki i te mate o tana wahine.
He wā pāhekeheke te wā i muri mai i te patunga i Te Wairau, heoi anō ko tā Te Rauparaha he whakahiwa i a ia. Ko rātou o Ōtaki i raro i te awe o te mihinare rā o Te Harawira (Octavius Hadfield), kāore i hiahia ki te whawhai. He maha ngā raruraru ka pā ki a ia mehemea ka huakina e ia ngā wāhi noho o te Pākehā. Ko te whakapae a te tangata whai, e whakakoro ana a Te Rauparaha ki te hiki i te rau o tana patu, ā, nāna i tono ki a Te Āti Awa kia tukia a Pōneke (Wellington), ēngari kāore rātou i whakaae. E ai ki tā rātou, nā reira a ia i tono ai mō tētahi taua o Whanganui kia haere ake ki te tuki i a Pōneke. Nō te 12 o Pēpuere 1844 ka tau te āio i te kītanga a Kāwana Pitiroi (Robert FitzRoy) i Waikanae, nā te tangata whai kē i eneene te riri i Te Wairau. Ā, ahakoa kīhai ia i pai ki te patunga o ngā herehere, ko te mutunga tēnei o taua take. Nā te mea kāore a Te Rauparaha i whawhai ki te tangata whai i tēnei wā pāhekeheke i tere ai te hohounga o te rongo.
Na, i te 16 o Mei 1846 ka puta ake te ope a Te Mamaku o Whanganui ki Te Awakairangi, kātahi ka tukia ngā hōia e noho ana i te pāmu a Almon Boulcott. E tū tahi ana a Te Mamaku rāua ko Te Rangihaeata ki te ātete i te mahi nohonoho mai a te tangata whai. Ka hū anō te rongo e huakina ana a Pōneke. Ka whakatauria e te kāwana hou e Hōri Kerei (George Grey), arā, ehara a Te Rauparaha i te tangata hei whakawhirinakitanga atu māna, nō reira me whakamau. E pātata ana ki Pari-ā-rua ko Taupō, te pā o Te Rauparaha. I mua i te rewatanga atu o Kerei i runga i te manuao rā i te Driver, ka toro atu ia ki Taupō kia kite i a Te Rauparaha. E rua hāora i te ata pō ka hoki mai te manuao. Ka mau hereheretia a Te Rauparaha e ngā hōia o Peretānia, ka whakahokia ki te manuao. I whakawhitia ia ki te manuao te Calliope, ā, 10 marama ia e pupuri pokanoatia ana i taua manuao, kātahi anō ka tukuna ki uta ki Ākarana (Auckland) noho ai. I pitihanatia e ia te kāwana i te tau 1848 kia tukuna ia kia hoki ki tōna iwi i Ōtaki. Ko ōna hoa i hoki tahi atu mā runga kaipuke, ko Hōri rāua ko Raiha Kerei (Eliza Grey), ko Pōtatau Te Wherowhero me te tokomaha noa atu o te iwi Māori.
I te wā poto e toe mai ana ki a ia arā ia i Ōtaki e noho ana, ā, i toro atu anō hoki ki Te Wairau. Tae rawa ake ki te wā i mate ai ia, kua memeha kē te awe o tōna mana. Tērā pea nā te mau hereheretanga i a ia, i noho whakamōraro ai ia i te aroaro o tōna iwi. Ko ana wāhine i ōna tau whakamutunga ko Pipikūtia rātou ko Kahukino me Kahutaiki. Tokowaru katoa ana wāhine. I puta 14 ngā tamariki, ā, e ora tonu ana ētahi i tōna matenga. Ahakoa i haere ki ngā karakia kīhai ia i huri hei Karaitiana. I mate a Te Rauparaha i te 27 o Noema 1849, ā, i nehua ki te taha o te whare karakia o Rangiātea i Ōtaki. E ai ki ngā kōrero i hahua ka kawea ki Kapiti.
He kaingārahu tino whakahirahira a Te Rauparaha nō tōna iwi. Nāna rātou i ārahi mai i te mate i Kāwhia, kia tū rangatira i ngā whenua hou i raupatutia e rātou i te puāwanga o Te Ika-a-Māui, me te nuinga o te pito raki o Te Waipounamu. He kaingārahu ope taua i whiwhi ki te angitu. E ai ki ngā iwi i mate i a ia, ehara nā tana mōhio ki te tātai kaupapa whawhai te take i momoho ai ia, ēngari nā tana whiwhi pū kē. Heoti, mehemea kāore ia i noho hei kaiārahi mō rātou tērā pea kua kore te hekenga nui a Ngāti Toa, ā, kua kore hoki rātou e whiwhi ki ngā painga i reira e tatari mai ana. Heoi, i tino tutuki mārika i a rātou, ā, nā tēnei tutukitanga i whakarerekē ngā rohe ā-iwi i Aotearoa nei mō ake tonu atu.


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Definitions
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Etymologies
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Examples
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Aia hoi e hoomau ana ke anuenue e like me mamua, ma ke kiekie iki ana'e o ka la, aia e pio ana ke anuenue i kai o Keaau, ua hala ae la o Laieikawai i kai.
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A no keia kumu, hoolilo loa ae la o Aiwohikupua i ua wahi kanaka nei i poo kiekie maluna o na mea a pau, o ko ke Alii mau aina a pau, a me na kanaka a pau loa, na'lii a me na makaainana, ma kona ano Kuhina Nui.
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A lilo ae la o Kekalukaluokewa i poo kiekie ma ke aupuni, alaila, hoouna aku la o Kaonohiokala ia Kekalukaluokewa e hele e kaapuni ma na mokupuni
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Ia lele ana a kiekie laua nei, i alawa ae ka hana aia maluna pono o laua _kea_ luna e poi iho ana ia laua nei, a no ko laua nei mama loa o ka lele ana ma ko laua ano kino manu, ua pakele laua.
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Ma ka la o Kulu, ma ke kakahiaka, i ka puka ana ae o ka la a kiekie iki ae, ike aku la o Aiwohikupua ma i ka hoomaka ana o ka hau e uhi maluna o ka piko o na mauna, a hiki i kahi o laua e hoao ai.
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E haliu aku kakou a nana aku no ko ka Moiwahine Liliu pii ana iluna o kekahi puu kiekie loa e ku ana ma ka aoao hikina o ka Halealii.
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a ahiahi, paa oia i ke awa, manao ae la keia o ka ka makuakane hana ia, mai ia po a wanaao, honi oia i ke ala o ke kiele, manao ae la keia o ka makuahine ia, mai ia wanaao a kiekie ka la, loaa oia i ka wela o ka la, manao ae la oia, o ka hana keia a kona kaikunane.
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i keia la iuka, ina e pii ka ohu a kupololei i luna a kiekie loa, ina e hina ka ohu ma ka lulu, alaila, ua halawai wau me Kihanuilulumoku, manao ae oukou ua hoaikane maua.
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"Mamua o ka hiki ana mai o ka mea mana, e hoike mai no oia i hoailona no ka luku ana, aole maluna o na makaainana, maluna pono iho no ou, a o kou poe, ia manawa, e moe ai na mea kiekie o ka aina nei imua ona, a e kailiia aku ka hanohano mai a oe aku.

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I tēnei ao hurihuri, kua whanake haere ngā tuakiri o ngā tāngata o Aotearoa. Nā ngā mea rerekē pērā i te hekenga mai o ngā iwi tauiwi ki konei i puta ai ēnei momo whanaketanga. Ahakoa kāore tērā i te kino ki a au, kua puta mai ētahi raru. Ko te raru matua ko te whakaaro o te ‘blood quantum’.
Ko te ‘blood quantum’ tētahi tikanga o ngā kaikoroni i ngā rā o mua (ahakoa e hāngai ana te mea nei ki ēnei rangi). Ko te āhuatanga matua o te ‘blood quantum’ ko te whakatinanatanga o tōu ahurea i roto i tōu toto.
Hei whakamahuki:
Ina whai koe i nga tikanga o tēnei mea te ‘blood quantum’ ko te tikanga kua Pākehā tētahi hawhe o tō toto, kua Māori kē tētahi hawhe o te toto. Ki te moe taua hāwhekāihi i te tangata Pākehā ka hauwhā kē te toto Māori o tāna tamaiti. Ki te hātepe tonu te waimeha o te toto ka mimiti haere nga wāhanga o tō toto (nō reira, he iti te ahurea). He pōhēhē te tikanga nei.
Hei aha te tikanga?
Ko take whakapae, ko te tikanga hei wehewehe i ngā tāngata whenua nā tō rātou ahurea, ā, hei whakamana i te Kāwanatanga ki te whakature i ngā ture hei takahi i te mana hei turaki i ngā rauemi o ngā tāngata whenua. Ko tēnei te pūtake o ‘blood quantum’. Ko ‘blood quantum’ he nuka whakapākehā, he nuka koronia. Mēnā ehara koe i te tangata whenua, he Pākehā kē. Kāore ōu mana whenua, kāore ōu tikanga motuhake. He māori noa iho koe, kāore ōu mana. E ai ki a Tākuta Tahu Kukutai, he kairangahau ia ki te Whare Wānanga o Waikato, ko te ‘blood quantum’ tētahi “moemoeā koronia.” He whakaaro noa iho, ehara i te mea pono.
I nāianei, arohaina te whakaaro Māori arohaina te whakapapa. Ka tautuhi te papakupu He Pātaka Kupu i te kupu ‘whakapapa’: “Ngā kāwai o te tangata, o te whānau, o te hapū. o te iwi, ka tīmata ake i tētahi atua, i tētahi tupuna rānei, ka heke iho.” Kei hea te kōrero e pā ana ki te toto? Kāore kau. Ka tū te whakapapa i tētahi tupuna. Kāore e taea te waimeha te whakapapa o te tangata – ko tōna whakapapa ko ia! I whakapūmautia te whakapapa i a tōu whaea e hapū ana.
Ki te titiro koe ki a au, ka taea e koe te kite tōku mata. He kiri mā, he whatu kikorangi, te mea, te mea. Te āhua nei, he Pākehā au. Nā whai anō kāore ngā tāngata e whakapono ina kī au, “āe, he Māori au, he uri nō Te Āti Awa.” He tika tāku i kī ai? Āe rā. Ka whakapono mai aua tāngata? Ākene pea. Kei a rātou te tikanga. Ahakoa te aha, e tū ana au i ngā taonga tuku iho o ōku tūpuna.
He aha ōu whakaaro?