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He kupu mō mātou
About us
He kupu mō mātou
About us
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Ngā mahi whakarauora
History & revitalisation
Ngā mahi whakarauora
History & revitalisation
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Ngā mahi whakamāori
Translations
Ngā mahi whakamāori
Translations
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Ngā kaupapa nui o te wā
News & events
Ngā kaupapa nui o te wā
News & events
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Te whakamahere reo
Language planning
Te whakamahere reo
Language planning
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Ngā rangahau me ngā pūrongo
Research & reports
Ngā rangahau me ngā pūrongo
Research & reports
Ngā Tikanga Whakamahi i ngā Waitohu
Te Whakamahi i ngā Waitohu
Mā tō whakaae mai ki ēnei Tikanga Whakamahi, kua āhei koe te toro, te kapo anō hoki i ngā Waitohu kei te pae tukutuku nei (www.tetaurawhiri.govt.nz). Ka tukua atu ki a koe he raihana kaupare-kore, whiti-kore, tiringa kore, e mana ana huri i te ao, ki te whakamahi i ngā Waitohu i runga anō i ēnei Tikanga. Hei āpiti atu, e whakaae ana koe:
- kāore ō whanonga e heke ai tō mātou mana, e takahia ai tō mātou ingoa, ō mātou Waitohu rānei
- kāore e whakamahia ō mātou Waitohu mō tētahi kaupapa arumoni, hāunga ngā wā kua āta tukua e mātou he raihana arumoni ki a koe mō taua kaupapa
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ka ū mārire koe ki:
- ā mātou aratohu mō te whakamahi i ngā Waitohu, he mea whakahou i ōna wā anō ("Ngā Aratohu mō ngā Waitohu")
- ōna anō tohutohu whaitake tērā e tukua atu ā-tuhi nei e mātou ki a koe
- kāore e panonitia, e rawekehia ō mātou Waitohu, atu i ngā panonitanga e whakaaetia ana i ngā Aratohu mō ngā Waitohu
- ki te tuku tauira mai o tō whakamahinga i ngā Waitohu ina tonoa, ā, ki te tohua e mātou he mea hei whakarerekē māu, ka āta mahia e koe aua whakarerekētanga
- ka ū koe ki ngā ture katoa e hāngai ana mō te wāhi ki tō whakamahi i ngā Waitohu.
E whakaae ana anō hoki koe kāore ō mōtika, ō rangatiratanga, ō whai pānga rānei ki tēnei Pae Tukutuku, ki ngā Waitohu rānei, atu i tērā kua āta tautuhia i roto i ēnei Tikanga Whakamahi. Anei ngā Aratohu mō ngā Waitohu hei āta pānui māu. Me he āwhina anō e hiahiatia ana mō te āhua ki tō hāpai i ngā Aratohu Waitohu, tēnā whakapā mai ki: [email protected].
Katoa ngā hua araara ka puta ake i tō whakamahi i ō mātou Waitohu, ki a mātou kē ngā painga.
Kāore he Pūtāhui
E whakaae ana koe kāore he pūtāhui i runga i ngā Waitohu ka tae atu ki a koe. Kāore ā mātou kupu taurangi mō te houtupu, te kore rānei e takahia o te mōtika kiritoru mō te wāhi ki te mana whakairo hinengaro.
Te Whakatārewa i tō Pūkete
Kei a mātou te tikanga ina hiahia mātou ki te whakatārewa, ki te whakakore rānei i tō whai wāhitanga mai ki te Pae Tukutuku nei, ki ētahi wāhanga rānei ōna, tae atu ki te ara ki ngā Waitohu. Ka mutu, ehara i te mea me whakamōhio atu mātou e pērāhia ana. Kāore hoki mātou e whakahaua e te ture kia utu paremata ki a koe ki te raru koe i taua whakatārewatanga, whakakorehanga rānei.
Te Whakakore i te Raihana
Kei a mātou te mana ki te whakakore i te raihana ka tukua ki a koe i runga i ēnei Tikanga, ā te wā e hiahia ai mātou, mā te tuhi kōrero whakamōhio atu. Kei te whakakorehanga o te raihana, e whakaae ana koe:
- ka mutu inamata tō whakamahi i ngā Waitohu katoa
- ka mukua ngā kōnae matihiko katoa o ngā Waitohu kei a koe e mau ana, me te whakakore atu, te whakahoki mai rānei i ngā rawa katoa kua tāia atu rā ngā Waitohu ki runga, ina tono mātou kia pērā koe.
He mea whakahou te whārangi nei i te: Māehe 2022


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He maha nga korero mo te iPhone e whai ake nei me tana kāmera takitoru, engari i te hingatanga ka nui ake pea ka tukuna atu nga iPads hou, ko etahi ka whakauruhia ano hoki te kaamera hou o te iPhone 11. Hei ki nga korero hou e ahu tika mai ana mai i Hapani, ko te iPad Pro hou e tae mai ana i tenei ngahuru ka uru mai ano pea tenei kamera.
He iPad Pro me te karaahe toru me te taatai tapatoru rite ana, e rua nga rahi o te mata, penei i tenei wa, me te 10,2 "iPad hou me nga kaamera takirua., peera i tetahi kei roto nei te iPhone XS me te XS Max. Ko nga korero i ahu totika mai i a Mac Otakara, he puna korero e pumau ana tona pono.
I te mutunga ka whai whakaaro a Apple mo te kaamera iPad, he taputapu kua roa e haere ana i muri o te iPhone i tenei waa, hei ki ta te meka E rua tau matou e whakamahi ana i te kaamera takirua i runga i te iPhone, engari he mata ano to te iPadAhakoa ko tana tauira tino utu, ko te iPad Pro. Ina hoki, tae noa mai ki tenei wa, kaore ano kia muramura te kaamera.
Ka tae mai enei iPads hou i muri o te raumati, akene ki te whakarewatanga o te iPhone 11 i runga i nga tumanakohanga e toru. E rua nga iPad Pro hou kaore he rereketanga hoahoa nui engari ko te kaamera takitoru kua whakahuatia ake, me te pupuri i te rahi o te mata rite ki ona tauira e rua. Ki enei me taapiri taatau iPad hou me te mata 10,2 ”kua korerohia e maatau i mua, a ka tae mai hei whakakapi i te iPad 2018 I whakarewahia kotahi tau me te hawhe kua pahure, kaore ano kia whakahoutia mai i taua wa. Ko nga mea hou o tenei tau ka ahu mai i nga rorohiko rorohiko a Apple, me te MacBook Pro hou me te mata 16 ”me te hoahoa papare. Me tatari tatou kia pahemo ra ano te raumati ki te whakau i enei korero.

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He mahinga ngātahi ki waenga i Te Taura Whiri i te Reo Māori me Countown e āhei ai te kaihoko ki te rongo i te reo Māori i ngā paeutu kaihoko.
He tuatahi i te ao tēnei āheinga a te kiritaki o Countdown ki te tīpako i te reo Māori i ngā paeutu kaihoko, he mihi, he poroāki hoki ka rangona. He hopunga kōrero reo Māori anō ka āpihia atu ki ngā mīhini hei ngā marama tata ake nei.
I ia wiki, neke atu i te toru miriona kaihoko ka haere ki ōna toa, ā, hei tā te Kaiwhakahaere Take Rangatōpū, Haumaru, Tauwhiro hoki o Countdown, hei tā Kiri Hannifin, he ara tēnei e wātea anō ai te reo Māori ki ngā mahi a ngā whānau ka mahia i ia rā, pērā i te hoko kai.
"Katoa tō mātou kapa e tino manawanui nei i te āheinga a te hunga reo Māori ki te whakamutu i ā rātou mahi hoko kai i roto i te reo, i te āheinga hoki mā te whānui me te whāroa o ā mātou toronga, ka āwhina kia whakarauora i te reo, ā, kia whakamahia e ngā whakatipuranga kei te pihi ake."
Kua tekau tau a Countdown e hora nei i ngā tohu reo rua i ōna toa. I tēnei tau, ka kaha ake tērā, ka reo Māori hoki ngā mihi a ngā kaimahi, ā, ka reo Māori ngā ingoa ki runga i ngā pōhā ika katoa.
Ko tā Hannifin anō, he tuku whakamoemiti ki Te Taura Whiri i te Reo Māori i tā rātou tautoko kia whai oranga ai tēnei kaupapa.


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E ai ki te korero ko nga mea e kainga ana e te kuri me aro nui. Me aro tonu nga kuri ki te kai hua, kia kaua e kai noa
I tenei ra ka korero ahau ki a koe etahi hua ka taea e nga kuri te kai. Kua whangai koe i a raatau?
Panana
He maha nga momo huanga me nga huaora kei roto i nga panana, ka taea te whakangawari i nga uaua, te harikoa o te tinana me te hinengaro o te tangata, me te paheketanga o te taumaha. He pai hoki te panana hei kai ma nga kurī, ina koa mo nga kurī e paopao ana me te mōmona. Ko te kai tika o te panana ka taea te awhina i nga kuri ki te ngoikore me te whakaheke taumaha.
Blueberry
He nui nga huaora, he iti te muka me te maha o nga antioxidants, he anthocyanins nga blueberries. He tino pai tenei mo nga kuri. I roto i te maha o nga kai kurī teitei, ka kite tatou katoa i nga pururangi, no reira ka kiia he tino pai mo nga kuri hei kai.
Karaka
He nui nga huaora, cellulose, fructose, me nga huānga aporo. Ka taea te kii he tino pai nga taapiri huaora. Na reira, ko te whangai tika ki nga kuri ka taea te taapiri huaora, me etahi atu, engari ko te kiri karaka he nui ake te riri, kaore i te tūtohu kia ngau tika te kuri, me te aro ki te nui. He nui te huka o te karaka. Ki te nui rawa te kai, ka ngawari te mate momona.
Aporo
Kei roto i nga aporo nga momo matūkai whai hua, penei i te huaora C me te muka. Ko te kai tika i te aporo he taapiri mo te kai a te kuri. Me tino tango nga kakano i mua i te hoatu aporo, na te mea kei roto i nga kakano he cyanide, he paitini ki nga kararehe katoa, tae atu ki nga kuri.
Merengi
Ka taea te kii ko te merengi te hua raumati tino pai. He maha nga tangata e whakaaro ana mena ka taea e nga kuri te kai merengi!
Inaa, ka taea e nga kuri te kai i te merengi, he mea tino pai mo te whakamaarama i te wera, engari e taunaki ana kia kaua e whangai i te merengi makariri, me tango nga kakano merengi, me aro ki te nui, me te karo i te kai nui rawa atu ka pa mai nga raru o te kopu.
Me aro ano koe ki te whangai hua ki nga kuri. Hei tauira, kaua e whangaia nga avocados, karepe, aha atu ki nga kuri. He rite ratou ki te "paitini" ki a ratou.


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Kei te Adobe Photoshop te kawe i roto i te 25 tau miharo ana ki a maatau ki nga taputapu mahi e kaha ana ki te whakarato ki a maatau. Na roto i tenei hotaka ka taea e taatau te hanga i nga waahanga me nga paanga ma te whakamahi i te whakaahua whakaahua a-tihi me nga mahi tirohanga (tae atu ki nga whakairoiro nekehanga). Engari ki te taea e taatau te hono i tenei tono kaha ki etahi atu tono mai i Adobe, ka tutuki i nga hua ngaiotanga. Kei te mohio taatau, ko te whakawhanaketanga o nga tuhinga me nga momotuhi tetahi mea e tino taumaha ana ki te hanga tuakiri o tetahi tono, na reira, ina koa i te ao panui, he mea nui tenei momo mahi.
E tino taunaki ana kia tarai taatau ki te arotake i nga taputapu rorohiko pai kei i a taatau e mahi ana i tenei ra (ae, he kore utu etahi ko etahi he utu he utu ranei). Mena kei te hiahia koe ki te tuku i a koe ki te ao tuhi reta me te ruku ranei ki te hoahoa patopato, ka tono atu ahau kia whakamahi koe i nga tupua penei Nama 4D, Whakaahua, me te maia ki te whakamatau ki nga kaupapa penei peita taputapu Sai, no Iapani te putake me te tino maamaa engari he whai hua me te taha o nga tono penei i te Lightroom me te Adobe After Effects mena kei te pirangi koe ki te ao whakangahau ka hiahia koe ki te tuku i te koiora ki o kaupapa. I tenei ra ka haere taatau ki tetahi haerenga poto mo nga paanga tino miharo i roto i te Adobe Photohop me te awhina o nga momo kaihoahoa kua haangai mai i runga i te paetukutuku he aha nga tikanga kia eke te kounga pai me te hua whakaihiihi.
Taurangi
He aha nga momo paanga e taunakitia ana i ia kaupapa?
Ana kei i tenei ra kei kona nga momo kaupapa mahi katoa e tino hiahiatia ana. Kaore e rite peera mena ka anga atu taatau ki te hoahoa o te uhi o te pakiwaitara, te panui whakatairanga o te kiriata poto me te iti ake mena ka whakatapua atu tatou ki te ao tuakiri umanga me te whanaketanga o nga rongoā tirohanga e hangai ana ki te tuakiri kamupene me nga kaihoko e mahi ana maatau. I nga keehi whakamutunga he raupapatanga taatau penei i te tino maama me te ngawari ki te panui me te mohio a nga kaiwhakamahi, tetahi mea e tino karohia ana i te ao whakatairanga me te whakatairanga i nga kaupapa me nga hua. Tuhinga o mua.
Mo konei, ka tūtohu ahau mena kei te anga atu koe ki te ao hoahoa ka rata ki tenei momo mahi, i mua i to whakamatautau ki te tuhi i a koe i te taumata whanui me te tiro he aha nga momo kaupapa e neke ana i ia waahanga me ia kēhi Mena he mahi koe ma te kaihoko me aro koe ki nga tono motuhake, he mea nui kia whai whakaaro koe he aha nga ahuatanga me tiaki e koe me nga waahanga me hanga e koe ake hei taapiri i te taumaha kaupapa ki te tuakiri kei te patai. He tuhinga nui nga korero poto i roto i te ao o te kaihoahoa whakairoiro na te mea ka awhina i a maatau ki te kohikohi i nga korero katoa e hiahiatia ana mo ta maatau kaihoko me te kaupapa e whanaketia ana e maatau. Me whai korero poto ka awhina i a maatau kia tika ake me te whakarato ki o taatau kaihokohoko nga mea e rapuhia ana e raatau. Me matua whakarite e koe i tua atu o te hangai ki te ia o te kamupene, o te kaihoko ranei, me whakarato e koe nga ahuatanga hangarau e hiahiatia ana kia whai hua te hua. Ae ra, i te wa kua timata taatau ki te tuhi tuhinga a kua tangohia mai e taatau nga tohu mo nga mea e hiahiatia ana, kua tae ki te waa ki te whakapai me te tuku oranga me nga mahi auaha ki nga kaupapa i uru mai i roto i ta maatau mahere kaupapa me te rautaki.
I tenei ra ka aro atu ki tenei waahanga whakamutunga me te Ka awhina koe i a koe me etahi tono ka whakawhiwhia ki a koe kia kaha ki te whakahiato mahi hei mahi pai. Mena kei te ngana koe ki te ako me pehea te hanga i nga paanga o te tuhinga ngaio tino whakamiharo, kua tae noa mai koe ki te waahi tika I tenei ra ka tohaina e maatau nga waahanga paanga me a raatau akoranga i roto i nga akoranga mo te Adobe Whakaahua Whakaahua, Whakaahua me te Kiriata 4D. Ahakoa he ngaio koe mena kei te whakauru mai koe i tenei waahanga, e mohio ana au ka whai hua enei mahi ki a koe na te mea ka tino pai to tikanga ka ako koe ki te whakahaere i nga tinihanga hou me nga punaha mahi ka tino angitu ai koe. tino pai o koutou pukenga. Kei te kite koe, he rereke te taumata mahi o ia tauira. Mena ka uru koe ki te hoahoa, ka taunakihia kia tiimata koe me nga whakangungu tino nui kia piki haere te taumata.
I mua i to maatau kowhiringa, me maarama kaore enei mahi i te reo Paniora, he maha kei roto i te reo Ingarihi, no reira ka tino manakohia koe kia whiwhi koe i tetahi kaiwhakamaori, i tetahi taputapu ranei kia maarama pai koe, ahakoa kua uru katoa ki o raatau nga whakaahua me te whakaatu i te katoa o nga mahi hanga taahiraa i ia taahiraa, no reira ka tino mohio ahau he tino ngawari ki a koe kia mau ki ia o nga mahi nei hei tauira akoako.
Kaore he korero atu, Ko te tumanako i pai ki a koe me te whakamahara atu ki a koe mena ka pakaru te hono, whakamohio mai kia pai ai ta maatau tetahi raru, ahakoa kaore e taea e taatau te mahi ka whakatauhia e te kaituhi taketake o enei korero te tango i ana mahi whakangungu mai i te whatunga. Kia pai ki a raatau!
Nga waitohu me te waitohu
Ka kaha te Minimalism ki te hoahoa waitohu me te tuakiri umanga. Koinei pea o nga waahanga katoa ka tirohia e maatau, tetahi e whakarato ana ki a tatou etahi atu waitohu tautuhi me nga raina whanaketanga. He tino maamaa ona raina ki te matapae, me kati noa taatau ki te tarai i nga mahi ka tutuki i te tohu. Ko nga whakaritenga matua me whakatutuki te tohu o tetahi momo waitohu ko te nuinga:
- Whakamahia he diferenciación Tuhinga o mua.
- Kia ngawari mōhio, i roto i etahi hēkona me mau te mauri.
- Pono whai kiko ki nga momo tautoko katoa, ahakoa nga ahuatanga, nga waahanga me nga waahanga.
pānuitanga
El campo es mucho más amplio y no cuenta con tantas “condiciones” de tipo funcional o práctico. Si pudiésemos establecer alguna premisa es su capacidad de impacto y de destacar en entornos repletos de información. La complejidad de las composiciones por tanto suele ser muy superior ya que se requiere de una mayor carga de fotomanipulación y postproducción digital. Si bien en el diseño de identidad corporativa prima el diseño plano por su simpleza y fácil aplicación, en publicidad los pānga uaua me te toru-ahu kei mua noa atu.
Audiovisual
I roto i te riipene ataata ka taea e maatau te kii reina la “anarquía” na te mea ka taea nga raina taatai katoa, ka tino whai hua. I roto i enei wa, ko te hoahoa rauemi me te iti o te mahi te mea nui ki a raatau mo te hoahoa whakairoiro e pa ana ki te riipene ataata. He nui ano hoki tenei mo te meka kua whiti te waitohu me te tuakiri umanga a inaianei kua maha haere nga momo kamupene kei te peke ki te ao ataata ki te whakatairanga i a raatau ano.
Whiringa whaihua
Nga painga ngawari o te toto wai
Puta Whakamatau: He reta karakara whakaata
Kupu i whakauruhia e te tukinga Clash of the Titans
Whakaahua puhoi i te Adobe Illustrator
Whakaaetanga retro me te momo kopere
Nga ahuatanga 3D hou me te momotuhi-a-ringa
Puta wai rererangi i Adobe Whakaahua
Ko nga reta e toru nga waahanga e pa ana ki te rangi
Kuputuhi whakauru ki te taone nui mo te panui panui
Kuputuhi maamaa me te kakano rakau
Puka Kuputuhi Neon Maama na abduzeedo
He ngawari, he papanga-penei te ahua
Me pehea te hoahoa i tetahi momo taarua riihi ma te ngawari
Hangaia he hua kapo mo te tohu i te Whakaahua Whakaahua
Te painga o te raumati e toru-ahu
Hangaia he tuhinga rite ki te mosaic ki te Adobe
Hoahoa tuhinga tauira maamaa te awe
Ko nga reta auahi ka pa ki te Adobe Whakaahua
Te hanga i nga reta e toru-waahanga
Nga ngongo matū hei painga tuhi
Te painga o te whenua ki te Adobe Whakaahua Whakaahua
Ko nga rama neon e whai waahi ana ki muri
Te nui me te maama o te awatea
Whakaahua-a-tuhi e toru nga painga o te aitanga
E toru nga waahanga o te pakanga ka whawhai
Te pango me te ma ma te paanga o te toru-waahanga
I honohono te Patopato me te whare e mahia ana
Nga korero tipere ngaro i te rangi
Kua whakauruhia nga rama neon ki roto i te tuhi tuhi
Ko nga reta koura ka whai kiko me te whakaata marama
Ko te reta a-toru nga waahanga koura
Nga reta rakau e toru-karakara karakara
Te painga ngahuru e toru-waahanga
Te painga o te raumati e toru-ahu
Paanga kirihou e toru-waahanga


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Ko DG22C2 te taraka ahi papaarangi e tango ana i a Dongfeng Tianjin DFL1160BX1V 4 x 2 motu-V tahuhu. He taraka battie matua maha-mahi me te tino peia o te hiko.
tauira: DG22C2
Te nuinga o te taumaha: 15325kg
Max. tere haere: ≥90km/h
Teitei mahi kua whakatauhia: 22m
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Ko te taraka ahi a DG34G1 he taraka e whakauru ana i nga mahi o te taraka taika wai, te taraka ahi pourewa wai, te taraka pahuka me te taraka arawhata.
tauira: DG34G1
Te nuinga o te taumaha: 32200kg
Max. tere haere: ≥90km/h
Teitei mahi kua whakatauhia: 34m
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Ko te DG54G1 54m te taraka ahi e whakamahia nuitia ana he momo taraka e whakakotahi ana i nga mahi o te taraka taake wai, te taraka ahi pourewa wai, te taraka pahuka, me te taraka arawhata.
tauira: DG54G1
Te nuinga o te taumaha: 42200kg
Max. tere haere: ≥90km/h
Teitei mahi kua whakatauhia: 54m


text:
“Ka pū te ruha, ka hao te rangatahi.”
Te 31 o Akuhata 2017, te tau o tā tātau nei Ariki.
Hui atu ngā kura mai ngā tōpito katoa o te rohe nei mo te whakanui i te Rā Whānau Toru Tekau Tau o te Reo Irirangi Māori o Ngāti Porou. Āra, ko te kaupapa mo tēnei tau mo te whakanui i te reo irirangi ko te rangatahi, ko te whakaatu, ko te whakaako i ngā rangatahi o te Tairawhiti otira a Ngati Porou ki ngā mahi o roto i te reo irirangi. Ko ngā mahi a te Kaiwhakahaere me te Kaiwawao Putea, ngā mahi hanga waiata ngā mahi rangahau taenoa ki ngā mahi pāpāho.
Nui ake i te Ono Tekau ngā tauira i taemai mai i ngā kura o te rohe nei arā, mai i Te Kura Kaupapa Māori o Te Waiu o Ngāti Porou, Te Kura Kaupapa Māori o Kawakawa mai i Tawhiti, mai i te Kāreti o Ngata me te kura o Te Waha o Rerekohu. I whakatautia e ngā tauira i te timatatanga o te rā ,ā, i wehewehea i a rātau ki ngā rōpu e waru. I whakaritea kia haere rātau ki ngā kaupapa rerekē…
- Mahinga-ā- Tari (Accounts & Administration) i te taha o Erana Reedy me Mereaira Jeane Waerehu.
- Mahinga Whakaaturanga (Multimedia) i te taha o Paora Brooking.
- Mahinga Whakaahuatanga i te taha o Natalie Robinson.
- Mahinga Tiaki Taonga (Archive) i te taha o te rōpu mai i Ngā Taonga Sound & Vision.
- Mahinga Pāpāho (Broadcasting) i te taha o Darlyene Rogers me Riria Dalton-Reedy
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Ma ka pō o ka ʻĀina Kuʻuna Kuʻuna kuina, ua pālahalaha nui ʻia ʻo COVID-19. ʻO kēlā maʻi ahulau i pili i kēlā me kēia mea i hōʻeha nui i nā miliona o nā kānaka.
Mai ka wā o ka ulia, Shandong Limeng mea lāʻau lapaʻau Co., Ltd. e hana nei i nā hana āpau e hana a hāʻawi i nā masks, disinfectants a me nā pono hana ʻē aʻe. Ua hoʻopukapuka ʻo Limeng pharmaceutment ma mua o 5 miliona mau yuan e hoʻonui i ka hale hōʻikeʻike pale maʻi a me 5 mau mīkini mask.
Ma Pepeluali 25th, ua hāʻawi ʻo Enhao Liu, ka CEO o Shandong Limeng pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. i nā mea disinfection a me nā masks i nā hale ʻehiku e komo pū ana nā hale paʻahao ma ka moku ʻo Shandong. Ma waena o lākou, e hoʻouna ʻia nā barela 1000 o 84 disinfectant a me nā hue 1,000 o nā mea disinfection i ka haukapila mai ka haukapila iā Wuhan no ka pale a me ka mālama ʻana i ke ʻano ahulau ma Wuhan. He 5,600 mau ʻōmole o 84 disinfectant a me 1,200 barela o 84 disinfectant i hāʻawi ʻia i kēia manawa. Hōʻike kēlā me kēia ʻāpana o nā mea mālama i ke kuleana pilikino o nā ʻoihana o Limeng pharmaceutical, a i kēia wā kūikawā, hana ʻia nā hana kūpono e kākoʻo i ka hana kāohi epidemi a me ka mālama ʻana.
Ua hana ʻo Shandong Limeng pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. i ka noiʻi, hoʻomohala, hana ʻana a me ke kūʻai aku ʻana o ka lāʻau lapaʻau Kina no 26 mau makahiki, a ua helu ʻia ʻo ia he ʻoihana ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe ma Jinan, kahi hui holomua me nā hāʻawi nui i ke olakino. ʻoihana ma ka moku ʻo Shandong, kahi ʻoihana alakaʻi i ka pae kulanakauhale ma Jinan me ka holomua. Ma waho aʻe, ua helu ʻia ka inoa inoa inoa ʻo Limeng ma ke ʻano he trademark kaulana ma Jinan. E pili mau ka lāʻau lapaʻau ʻo Limon i ka ʻepekema ʻoihana o "ka mea kūʻai mua, forge i mua", hoʻolaʻa iā ia iho i paionia o nā meaʻai olakino, a hāʻawi i nā kōkua i ke kūkulu ʻana o "Health Limon a me Healthy China".
Me nā hana hoʻoikaika e kaua i ka maʻi ahulau, ke hana nei mākou. Ua lawe ʻo Limon Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. i ka hana e lawe i ke kuleana kaiāulu hui, a alakaʻi kūpale ʻia i ka hakakā ʻana i ka maʻi ahulau. Ua hui pū me nā poʻe o ka ʻāina holoʻokoʻa e lanakila i nā pilikia, a hāʻawi i nā kōkua e lanakila i ke kaua kūʻē iā COVID-19.
Ka manawa Post: ʻOkakopa-10-2020


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Keia pauku, ua papahana e, e hoʻohana 'e like me ka olua, i ole e heluhelu ia ka moolelo.
Ninau e pili ana i causality ma ka lawelawe noiʻi he pinepine eiiieaena a me ka pohihihi. No ka mea, he foundational kokoke i causality muli o causal pakuhi, ike Pearl (2009) , a no ka foundational kokoke loa i kahi muli oʻia nā haumāna,ʻike Imbens and Rubin (2015) (a me ka oaoieei-i paiiaʻi i loko o kēia mokuna). No ka mea, o ka hoʻohālike ma waena o kēia mau hoʻokokoke mai, ike Morgan and Winship (2014) . No ka mea, ke olelo kokoke i ka wā i confounder, ike VanderWeele and Shpitser (2013) .
Ma ka mokuna, aole au i hana i ka mea ua like me ka laina e ao alohilohi i ko makou hiki e hana causal koho mai mana a me ka 'ole-hoʻokolohua aeaiiua ma waena o. I ike maopopo, ke manao nei au o ka hoʻokaʻawale ua blurrier. No ka mea, laʻana, mea lawe maikai nei ia oa ke kumu maʻi 'aʻai nae mea, aole loa makou i hana i kekahi lāʻau' randomized hoʻokolohua i poe koa poe kanaka, e puhi. No ka mea, maikaʻi puke loa kūlana kanaka ma ka hana ana i causal koho ka politika-mana ike ike Rosenbaum (2002) , Rosenbaum (2009) , Shadish, Cook, and Campbell (2001) , a me Dunning (2012) .
Mokuna 1 a me 2 o Freedman, Pisani, and Purves (2007) e kaumaha aku i ka maopopo pōkole i loko o nā oko ao ma waena o ia mea, i kekahi lāʻau 'hoʻokolohua, a randomized lāʻau hoʻokolohua.
Manzi (2012) i kekahi manawa, a me readable pōkole i loko o ka philosophical a ana helu underpinnings o randomized lāʻau hoʻokolohua. It no hoi i nā hana hoihoi maoli-ao examples o ka mana o ke experimentation ma ka hana.
Casella (2008) , Box, Hunter, and Hunter (2005) , Athey and Imbens (2016b) hoʻolako maikai hoʻolauna i ke ana helu, ao ke ano o ka hana ho'āʻo a me Ka Ikepili. Eia, he maikai loa nohoʻana o ka hoʻohana 'ana o ia mea i loko o nāʻokoʻa mahinaʻai:? Aneia iainiiaaiea (Bardsley et al. 2009) , Sociology (Willer and Walker 2007; Jackson and Cox 2013) , psychology (Aronson et al. 1989) , Ka manaʻo politika' epekema (Morton and Williams 2010) , a me ka nohona pili (Glennerster and Takavarasha 2013) .
Ka nui o ka i komo Recruitment (e like me, mea hōʻikeʻikeʻuʻuku) he pinepine malalo o-mahalo i ka papa hana noiʻi. Akā naʻe, inā i ke kanawai o ka iapaau ana, ua heterogeneous ma ka heluna kanaka, alaila mea hōʻikeʻikeʻuʻuku, ua noho pilikia. Longford (1999) i keia wahi maopopo ia ia e Uwao no ka noiʻi me ka manao o ka ho okolohua e like me ka heluna kanaka ana me ka haphazard mea hōʻikeʻikeʻuʻuku.
Ka dichotomy ka mea aʻu i hōʻike mai iā ia ma waena o Keʻena a me kula hoʻokolohua mea iki Nohie. I ka mea, ua manaoia na noiʻi hou piha typologies, i ka nui o kēia mau kamaliʻi a hoʻokaʻawale ai i nāʻano likeʻole o ke kula hoʻokolohua (Harrison and List 2004; Charness, Gneezy, and Kuhn 2013) . Eia, aia he elua na ano o na mea hana e lawelaweʻepekema i ole ponoʻia i loko o ke Keʻena a me kula dichotomy:. Anamanaʻo hoʻokolohua, a me ka nohona ho okolohua Survey ho okolohua ua ho okolohua hoʻohana i ka aeuiiai ieaia? O nei ana, ae hoohalike pane i kekahi papa hana wale nō o ka ia nīnau (ua hōʻike mai iā ia kekahi anamanaʻo hoʻokolohua ma ka Mokuna 3); no ka mea, nui ma anamanaʻo ho okolohua ike Mutz (2011) . Social ho okolohua he ho okolohua kahi o ka hana, oia kekahi nohona pili ana wale no e hoʻokō hiki ma ke aupuni. Social ho okolohua ua pili loa aku i ka papa loiloi. No ka mea, hou i pili ia mea, e ike Orr (1998) , Glennerster and Takavarasha (2013) , a me Heckman and Smith (1995) .
A helu o na pepa, ua hoʻohālike Keʻena a me ka mahinaʻai ia mea i loko o ka Hōʻuluʻulu Manaʻo (Falk and Heckman 2009; Cialdini 2009) , a ma na olelo o nā haumāna o nā ho'ākāka 'ia ia mea i loko o pili aupuni science (Coppock and Green 2015) ,? Aneia iainiiaaiea (Levitt and List 2007a; Levitt and List 2007b; Camerer 2011; Al-Ubaydli and List 2013) , a me psychology (Mitchell 2012) . Jerit, Barabas, and Clifford (2013) e kaumaha ana i kiʻi noiʻi manao no ka hoʻohālikelikeʻia nā hualoaʻa mai Keʻena a me ka mahinaʻai ia mea.
Pili e pili ana i komo hoʻololi i ko lakou hana, no ka mea, ike lakou, ua pili loa ke malama i kekahi manawa kapa koi waiwai, a ua aʻo ma ka psychology (Orne 1962) a me na 'aoʻao hoʻokele waiwai (Zizzo 2009) . 'Oiai, ka hapanui pili i Keʻena hoʻokolohua, i keia mau mea nāna e hoʻopuka i ke kumu pilikia no ka mahinaʻai ia mea e like me ka pono. In mea, koi 'ole ua hoi i kekahi manawa kapaia Hawthorne loa, he manawa e loaa mai ka mahinaʻai hoʻokolohua, ua hōʻike hewa ka mea kaulana illumination ho okolohua i hoomaka i ka makahiki 1924 ma ka Hawthorne hana o ka' Āpana uila Company (Adair 1984; Levitt and List 2011) . Na koi waiwai, a me Hawthorn ole ua pili loa aku i ka manaʻo o ka reactive mahele kūkākūkā ma ka Mokuna 2 (e nānā hoʻi Webb et al. (1966) ).
I ka moolelo o ke kula hoʻokolohua, ua hōʻike ma? Aneia iainiiaaiea (Levitt and List 2009) , ka manaʻo politika science (Green and Gerber 2003; Druckman et al. 2006; Druckman and Lupia 2012) , psychology (Shadish 2002) , a me ke kulekele (Shadish and Cook 2009) . Kekahi wahi o ka 'epekema kaiapili kahi kula hoʻokolohua koke lilo koʻikoʻi he lahui ulu. No ka mea, he maikaʻi loiloi 'ia o ka mea hana ma loko? Aneia iainiiaaiea ike Banerjee and Duflo (2009) , a no ka pilikia kūpono ike Deaton (2010) . No ka mea, i ka loiloi 'ana o kēia hana i pili aupuni science ike Humphreys and Weinstein (2009) . Eia ke oki, i ka ethical ho'āʻo pae'āina i kula hoʻokolohua ua kaupaona i nā i pili aupuni 'epekema (Humphreys 2015; Desposato 2016b) a? Acaeoey? Aneia iainiiaaiea (Baele 2013) .
Ma ka mokuna, I? Aaei e mālama '-lapaʻau' ike e hiki ai ke hoʻohana 'ia e hoʻoikaika i ka miomio o aayoaeuiinoe lapaʻau waiwai, aka, aia no kekahi hoopaapaa e pili ana i keia hoʻokokoke mai: Freedman (2008) , Lin (2013) , a me Berk et al. (2013) ; ike Bloniarz et al. (2016) no ka 'ike hou aku.
I Fashion wae e kālele ana ma luna o ekolu manaÿo: validity, heterogeneity o ka lapaau waiwai, a me na maomeka. Këia mau manaÿo he okoa inoa i loko oʻano kula. No ka mea, laʻana, psychologists kamaʻilioʻana e holo i kela aoao o na mea hoʻokolohua ma ka hoʻomōhala maluna uao a me na moderators (Baron and Kenny 1986) . I ka manaʻo o ka 'uao i ka mea i pio i ka mea aʻu i kapa aku ai maomeka, a me ka manaʻo o nā moderators ua pio i ka mea aʻu i kapa aku mawaho validity (e like me, e, e okoa ka hopena o ka hoʻokolohua, ina ua holo ia maʻano wahi, i hiki) a me heterogeneity o ka lapaʻau loa ( like, he nā waiwai nui no kekahi poe kanaka ma mua o nā kānaka).
No ka ike maopopo ana o Schultz et al. (2007) hōʻike mai ana i ka nohona theories e hiki ai ke hoʻohana i ka manao pono ka uao ai '. No ka mea, he oi nui hoʻopaʻapaʻa e pili ana i ke kūlana o ka kumumanaʻo i loko o ke hoʻololi i ka hoʻokō uao ai ', e ike Walton (2014) .
I ka manaÿo o ka kūloko ma, a mawaho validity ua mua wahahee iloko o Campbell (1957) . Ike Shadish, Cook, and Campbell (2001) no ka mea, he oi aku ka piha moʻolelo, a me ka akahele Anoanoaaiii ana helu hopena validity, na validity,? Ieoaeunoai validity, a mawaho validity.
No ka mea, i ka manaʻo o nā kumuhana pili i ana helu hopena validity i ka ho okolohua ike Gerber and Green (2012) (no ka mea, i ka nohona science kuanaʻike) a Imbens and Rubin (2015) (no ka mea, ke ana helu kuanaʻike). Kekahi kumuhana o ana helu hopena validity e ala mai manaʻoi ma online, kula hoʻokolohua nā nīnūnē e like me computationally efficient epekema no ka mea e pili ana i hilinai aiʻanuʻu me kaukaʻi ikepili (Bakshy and Eckles 2013) .
Na validity hiki e paʻakikī e hamama ai ma luna kula hoʻokolohua. E nānā, no ka mea, laʻana, Gerber and Green (2000) , Imai (2005) , a me Gerber and Green (2005) no ka mea, hoopaapaa e pili ana i ka manaʻo o ka luna 'kula hoʻokolohua e pili ana i ke koho ana. Kohavi et al. (2012) , a me Kohavi et al. (2013) hoʻolako i ka pōkole i loko o nā hana nui loa ia o ka wā mawaena validity ma online, kula hoʻokolohua.
Hana nui, ae hoʻomaopopoʻia me na validity, he pilikia i randomization. ala hanakimi e potentially huai ae hoʻopilikia me ka randomization oia e hoohalike i ka lapaau a me ka hooponopono hui ma observable kāna moʻolelo. I keia ano o ka nane hea kapaʻia he koena kaha. Ike Hansen and Bowers (2008) no ke ana helu kokoke loa i kahi e kaulike E kaha makau i, ae ike Mutz and Pemantle (2015) no ka pili e pili ana i koena, e kaha. No ka mea, laʻana, me he koena huli Allcott (2011) i ike ai aia no kekahi hōʻike i ole hoʻokō i ka randomization, ua pololei ka ekolu o na hoao i loko o kekahi o ka OPower ho okolohua (e nānā Papa 2: kahua 2, 6, a me 8). No ka mea, na hoʻokokoke mai, ike Imbens and Rubin (2015) , ka Mokuna 21.
Other nui pili pili i na validity he: 1) hookahi-mńlualua ole-kaʻaeʻana, ma kahi i pau i loko o ka iapaau ana pūʻulu maoli loaa ka iapaau ana, 2) elua mńlualua ole-kaʻaeʻana, ma kahi i pau i loko o ka lapaau pūʻulu loaa ka lapaau, a me kekahi poe kanaka ma o ka mana pūʻulu loaa i ka iapaau ana, 3) attrition, kahi nā haumāna i ole ana no kekahi i komo, a me 4) 'ākeʻakeʻa, kahi a ka iapaau ana hookahe no maluna iho mai nā kānaka i loko o ka iapaau ana ano i na kanaka, ma ka mana kulana. Ike Gerber and Green (2012) mokuna 5, 6, 7, a me 8 No ka mea, nui ma luna o kela a me keia o ia mau kumuhana.
No ka mea, hou ma? Ieoaeunoai validity, ike Westen and Rosenthal (2003) , a no ka oi ma? Ieoaeunoai validity i ka nui ikepili kumu, Lazer (2015) , a me ka Mokuna 2 o keia buke.
Hana, ao ke ano o ka mawaho validity oia i ke kahua, kahi i 'uao, ua ikea ai. Allcott (2015) i kekahi akahele theoretical a me empirical hana o ke kahua koho bias. Keia mea hilo i hoi kūkākūkā ma Deaton (2010) . A iâ lâkou e ka replicated ma na kahua, ka Home Energy Report 'uao i no hoi ua kū kaʻawale? Anoee e mau noiʻi hui (e like me, Ayres, Raseman, and Shih (2013) ).
No ka mea, he manaʻo maikaʻi o ka heterogeneity o ka lapaʻau waiwai ma kula hoʻokolohua, ike ka Mokuna 12 o Gerber and Green (2012) . No ka mea, hoʻokomo 'ia' i heterogeneity o ka lapaʻau waiwai ma ka 'inikua hoao ana, ike Kent and Hayward (2007) , Longford (1999) , a me Kravitz, Duan, and Braslow (2004) . Heterogeneity o ka lapaʻau waiwai nui kālele ana ma luna o nä mea ma muli o ka mālama '-kanaka ano. Ina oe e hoihoi i ka heterogeneity muli o kia-lapaʻau nā haumāna, a laila, ua lawa ka nui o luna 'hookokoke mai ana, e like me poʻo kumu a mea stratification (Frangakis and Rubin 2002) ; ike Page et al. (2015) i ka moʻolelo loiloi.
Nui noiʻi kiÿeleo i ka heterogeneity o ka lapaʻau 'ole ka hoʻohana laina regression, aka, polokalamu kele epekema hilinai aku maluna o mīkini aʻo, no ka mea hoʻohālike Green and Kern (2012) , Imai and Ratkovic (2013) , Taddy et al. (2016) , a me Athey and Imbens (2016a) .
Aia no kekahi skepticism e pili ana i loaʻaa o ka heterogeneity o na waiwai, no ka lau e like pilikia, a me "lawaiʻa." Aia hoi, heʻano o ka ana helu hoʻokokoke mai i ke kōkua aae pili e pili ana mau nane (Fink, McConnell, and Vollmer 2014; List, Shaikh, and Xu 2016) . Hanakimi kokoke i pili e pili ana i "lawaia" ua mālama '-kakau ana, i ka mea i lilo increasingly, he pono ole i ka psychology (Nosek and Lakens 2014) , ka manaʻo politika epekema (Humphreys, Sierra, and Windt 2013; Monogan 2013; Anderson 2013; Gelman 2013; Laitin 2013) , a me na 'aoʻao hoʻokele waiwai (Olken 2015) .
Ma ka like ana o Costa and Kahn (2013) ua hiki ke e ua hoʻopili aku i ka poe HI ike wale no ka hapalua o ka hale i loko o ka ho okolohua. Heluhelu hoihoi i loko o nā lāliʻi, a hiki hoʻopilikia me keia Ka Ikepili e kapa aku i ka palapala pepa.
Maomeka ua incredibly nui, aka, aole lakou huli mai i ka mea paʻakikī i ka hoʻopaʻa haʻawina. Research e pili ana i maomeka pili loa aku i ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana o uao i psychology (aka, ike no hoi VanderWeele (2009) no ka mea, i kūlike loa e like ma waena o nā manaʻoʻelua). Ana helu hoʻokokoke mai i loaa maomeka, e like me ka hele ana iloko o Baron and Kenny (1986) , he loa, he pono ole. Eia naʻe, ua huli aku ia mau kaʻina hana hilinaʻi ma kekahi assumptions ikaika (Bullock, Green, and Ha 2010) , a me koʻu hoomanawanui ana'ku ia wa, he mau maomeka, e like me ka mea i manaʻo ai, ma na wahi, i hiki (Imai and Yamamoto 2013; VanderWeele and Vansteelandt 2014) . Imai et al. (2011) , a me Imai and Yamamoto (2013) e kaumaha aku i kekahi mau iaono? Ienoai ana helu ano. Eia, VanderWeele (2015) e kaumaha ana i ka buke-loa lapaʻau me ka nui o ka nui hualoaʻa, e like me ka hulina kokoke i ka pā lonoaʻili Ka Ikepili.
A hoʻokaʻawale kokoke loa i kahi e kālele ana ma ia mea e hoao mai ae e manipulate i keʻano papa hana pono (e like me, e haawi ana na luina vitamin C). Eia naʻe, i loko o nā 'epekema kaiapili napoo ana no hoi, he pinepine mau maomeka, a he mea paakiki ka manao kūlana kanaka e hoololi hou no ia i kekahi me ka hoʻololi i na mea e ae. Kekahi hoʻokokoke mai e experimentally ua hoakakaia hoololiia'na maomeka ma Imai, Tingley, and Yamamoto (2013) , Ludwig, Kling, and Mullainathan (2011) , a me Pirlott and MacKinnon (2016) .
Eia ke oki, maomeka hoi i ka loihi moolelo i loko o ke akeakamai o ka 'epekema e like me ia i ho'ākāka' ia e Hedström and Ylikoski (2010) .
No ka mea, nui ma ka hoʻohana 'ana o nā leka i haʻawina a me ka hooia haʻawina e ana ka hoʻokae' ike Pager (2007) .
Ka mea, he pono ole ala e Imi i komo i ka ho okolohua e hana nei oukou i ka mea Amazon Mechanical Tureke (MTurk). No ka mea, MTurk mimics, ao ke ano o ka loina Keʻena ho okolohua-ka uku poʻe kānaka e hoʻopiha i hana ia lakou, aole e hana no ka paa ole-nui noiʻi hoʻohana Turkers (na hana ma MTurk) e like me i komo i loko o kanaka kumuhana ho okolohua kūpono i ka wikiwiki a me ka cheaper aeaiiuo ohi ma mua o nā loina i mua hoʻomaka ma-ka pā kula keʻena hoʻokolohua ho okolohua (Paolacci, Chandler, and Ipeirotis 2010; Horton, Rand, and Zeckhauser 2011; Mason and Suri 2012; Rand 2012; Berinsky, Huber, and Lenz 2012) .
Ka nui ikaika o ka ho okolohua me ka i komo pūʻali koa i mea mai MTurk, ua logistical; lakou i hiki noiʻi e Imi i komo koke aku ai e like me ka pono. 'Oiai, Keʻena ho okolohua e lawe hebedoma, e holo a me ka mahinaʻai ia mea ke lawe malama e kau-up, ho okolohua me ka i komo pūʻali koa i mea mai MTurk hiki ke holo i loko o nā lā. No ka mea, laʻana, Berinsky, Huber, and Lenz (2012) ua hiki ke Imi i 400 kanaka i loko o ka hoʻokahi lā e komo i loko o ka 8 minuke hoʻokolohua. Eia, keia i komo hiki ke pūʻali koa i mea no ka mea, virtually kekahi mea (me ana a me ka nuipa a laulima, e like me kūkākūkā ma na Mokuna 3 a 5). Keia noho nanea oe o ka Recruitment o ia hoʻi, ka noiʻi ke holo kaʻina o nā hoʻokolohua ma kokololio succession.
Ma mua o kāna i komo mai MTurk no ko oukou mau ho okolohua, aia he eha nui na mea e ike. Mua, he nui noiʻi i ka pili-kekahi skepticism o ka ho okolohua pili i Turkers. No ka mea, o keia skepticism ka mea, aole i kekahi, he mea paakiki e loan me ka hoike. Eia naʻe, ma hope o kekahi mau makahiki o nā haʻawina me ka hoʻohana 'Turkers, ia kakou ke ano manao nei makou, o keia skepticism ka mea, aole i oi loa aku hoi pono. Ka mea, ua nui haʻawina kapakai a na HI o Turkers i na populations a me na haʻawina hoʻohālikelikeʻia nā hualoaʻa o ka ho okolohua me Turkers i nā hualoaʻa ma kekahi populations. Ua haawiia keia hana a pau, ke manao nei au i ka pono alanui no ka mea, ia oukou e noonoo i ka mea, he mea ia Turkers poe, he kumu pono hāpana, nui e like me nā haumāna aka iki aku like (Berinsky, Huber, and Lenz 2012) . Pela, e like me nā haumāna he he kupono heluna no kekahi aka, aole i papa hana noiʻi, Turkers poe, he kupono heluna no kekahi aka, aole i pau noiʻi. Ināʻoukou e hele aku e hana me Turkers, a laila ka mea i pono, e heluhelu na mea he nui o keia mau haʻawina a me ka hoomaopopo i ko lakou nuances.
Lua, ua ulu noiʻi maikai-hana no ka hoʻoulu na validity o Tureke hoʻokolohua, aʻoukou e aʻo mai e pili ana, ae hahai ia mau mea maikaʻi-hana (Horton, Rand, and Zeckhauser 2011; Mason and Suri 2012) . No ka mea, laʻana, noiʻi me Turkers i hooluoluia mai ai e hoʻohana i iaʻo e hoopau inattentive i komo (Berinsky, Margolis, and Sances 2014; Berinsky, Margolis, and Sances 2016) (aka, ike no hoi DJ Hauser and Schwarz (2015b) a DJ Hauser and Schwarz (2015a) ). Ina aole oe e wehe inattentive i komo, a laila, hiki ke holoi kekahi kanawai o ka iapaau ana mai ma ka walaʻau wahahee mai inattentive i komo, a me ka hana o ka nui o ka inattentive i komo hiki e nui loa. I ka ike maopopo ana Huber, a me nā hoapili (2012) ma kahi o 30% o ka i komo ole walaʻauʻana noonoo iaʻo. Pilikia, he pono ole me Turkers kekahi mea 'ole-naʻaupō i komo (Chandler et al. 2015) .
Kolu, pili ia i kekahi mau ano e ae o kikohoʻe hoʻokolohua, MTurk ho okolohua hiki ole ka pālākiō, Stewart et al. (2015) koho ia i kekahi manawa, aia no wale no ma kahi o 7,000 poe kanaka maluna o MTurk.
Eia ke oki, e ike ia MTurk he kaiāulu a me kona mau rula a me na kūmau (Mason and Suri 2012) . I ka mea a oukou e hoao aku i ka loaa mai e pili ana i ka nohona o ka aina, kahi a oukou i hele e holo i kou ike maopopo ana i na mea ala, oukou e hoao aku i ka loaʻa mai e pili ana i ka moʻomeheu a me kūmau o Turkers (Salehi et al. 2015) . A, oukou e ike ai i ka Turkers e e kamailio ana no ko oukou hoʻokolohua, ina e hana i kekahi mea kūpono 'ole' unethical (Gray et al. 2016) .
MTurk ka mea, he incredibly kupono ala e Imi i komo i ko oukou mau hoʻokolohua, ina paha lakou ua Keʻena-me, e like me Huber, Hill, and Lenz (2012) , a oi mahinaʻai, e like, e like me Mason and Watts (2009) , Goldstein, McAfee, and Suri (2013) , Goldstein et al. (2014) , Horton and Zeckhauser (2016) , a me Mao et al. (2016) .
Ināʻoe e manaʻo ana ho'āʻo e ho okumu i ko oukou mau huina hoonui, I paipai aku nei ia oukou heluhelu i ka'ōlelo aʻo kaumaha ma ka MovieLens pae ma Harper and Konstan (2015) . A kiʻike mai ko lakou hoao ana, he ia no kela a me keia holomua papahana, ua nui, he nui hoʻolako 'ole. No ka mea, laʻana, na MovieLens hui a hemo aku kekahi huahana e like me GopherAnswers i ua paʻa hoʻolako 'ole' (Harper and Konstan 2015) . Kekahi kumu o ke kanaka noiʻi nele i ho'āʻo e hana i ka huina hoonui o Edward Castronova ke hoao e hana i online no hihiu kapaia Arden. I loko nō $ 250.000 iloko o kālā,ʻo ka papahana he flop (Baker 2008) . Papahana e like me GopherAnswers, a me Arden ua Akā naʻe, ua nui aku, he pono ole ma mua o nā papahana e like me MovieLens. Eia ke oki, i ka wa aʻu i olelo aku ai au i ike i kekahi noiʻi mea i ana kukulu nā huahana no ka mea, hai experimentation maanei no koʻu koi a: 1) i komo hoʻohana i ka huina hoonui no ka mea ua 'oi aku ia lakou (e like me, aole lakou i uku ia a lakou, aole hana manawaleʻa e kōkua science) a me 2) ka huina hoonui ua hoʻohanaʻia no ka oi aku mamua o hookahi okoa hoʻokolohua ( 'o ia hoʻi, aole ka ia hoʻokolohua mau manawa me ka okoa i komo aiaiaiia). Ina oe ike o na ano he kumu hoʻohālike, ke noi aku nei ike.
I Fashion lohe i ka manaʻo o ko Pasteur ka Quadrant kūkākūkā pinepine i kaʻenehana poe, a ua kokua hoonohonoho noiʻiʻana ma Google (Spector, Norvig, and Petrov 2012) .
Bond, a me nā hoapili 'kuka nei (2012) Ho'āʻo' o ia no hoi, e huai ae i ke kanawai o kēia nohoʻana ma o na makamaka o ka poe i loaa ia lakou. No ka mea, o ka manao no ia o ka hoʻokolohua, keia mau spillovers ua paʻakikī e huai ae cleanly; hoihoi poʻe heluhelu e ike Bond et al. (2012) no ka mea, ke kūkākūkā hou hoʻokolokolo pono. Keia hoʻokolohua he hapa o ka moolelo loihi o ka ho okolohua i pili 'epekema ma ka pono' ana e paipai i koho ma (Green and Gerber 2015) . Keia mau E-mai-ka-koho hoʻokolohua, he pono ole i ka hapa, no ka mea, iloko o Pasteur ka Quadrant. Ka mea hoi, ua nui na kanaka i ua ohohia e hoomahuahua i ke koho, a me ke koho hiki lilo i hoʻonanea 'ana, e hoao hou nui theories e pili ana i hana loli a me ka nohona keiki.
Other noiʻi, ua hoomakaukau aʻo e pili ana i holo kula hoʻokolohua me ka hoapili ia a papa hana e like me ka pili aoao, NGOs, a me nā pāʻoihana (Loewen, Rubenson, and Wantchekon 2010; List 2011; Gueron 2002) . Kekahi, ua kaumaha aʻo e pili ana i ke kūkaʻi 'ana, me ka hoʻonohonohoʻia hiki hopena noiʻi manao (Green, Calfano, and Aronow 2014; King et al. 2007) . E hiki no hoi hui alakai i ethical nīnau (Humphreys 2015; Nickerson and Hyde 2016) .
Ina e holo ana ho okumu i ka Ka Ikepili papahana mua o holo i kou hoʻokolohua, I paipai nei oukou i hoʻomaka ma ka heluhelu hōʻike 'ana no nā kulekele. O ka hoopili aku la (hoʻohui a hoʻopaʻa Koo hōʻike 'ana no o na hoao ana) lula ua? Ac? Ma ka lapaau (Schulz et al. 2010) a mau ala no ka lawelawe noiʻi (Mayo-Wilson et al. 2013) . A hai kau o na lula, ua hoʻomohala e na me ka luna hoʻoponopono o ka Pai o Hoʻokolohua Kalaiaina Science (Gerber et al. 2014) (ike no hoi Mutz and Pemantle (2015) , a me Gerber et al. (2015) ). Eia ke oki, hoike mai i ka lula ua hoʻomohala ma psychology (Group 2008) , a ua ike no hoi Simmons, Nelson, and Simonsohn (2011) .
Inā e loaʻa mai ana he Ka Ikepili manao ia oukou e noonoo i ka mālama 'ke kau helu keleponaʻana ia mea, no ka mālama'-kakau, e hoomahuahua i na manao pono a pau e ae i loko o koʻoukou mau hualoaʻa. Eia, ina oe e hana ana me he hoalawepu, ia e ko oukou hoa ke akamai e hoololi i ke Ka Ikepili mahope iho o ka ike ana i na hualoaʻa kaupalena. Mālama '-kakau ana, ua lilo increasingly, he pono ole i ka psychology (Nosek and Lakens 2014) , ka manaʻo politika epekema (Humphreys, Sierra, and Windt 2013; Monogan 2013; Anderson 2013; Gelman 2013; Laitin 2013) , a me ka' aoʻao hoʻokele waiwai (Olken 2015) .
Oiai e pili ana i koʻoukou mālama '-Ka Ikepili manao oukou e e makaala i kekahi noiʻi no hoi hoʻohana' regression, a me nā hoʻokokoke mai, e hoʻoikaika i ka miomio o ka aayoaeuiinoe lapaau kanawai, a aia no kekahi hoopaapaa e pili ana i keia hoʻokokoke mai: Freedman (2008) , Lin (2013) , a me Berk et al. (2013) ; ike Bloniarz et al. (2016) no ka 'ike hou aku.
Design aʻo manaʻoi no ka mea, online, kula hoʻokolohua, ua hoi hōʻike ma Konstan and Chen (2007) , a me Chen and Konstan (2015) .
No ka mea, hou maluna o ka MusicLab hoʻokolohua, ike Salganik, Dodds, and Watts (2006) , Salganik and Watts (2008) , Salganik and Watts (2009b) , Salganik and Watts (2009a) , a me Salganik (2007) . No ka mea, nui ma ka uwa-lawe-na aha kanaka, ike Frank and Cook (1996) . No ka mea, e oi aku maluna o untangling pomaikai, a me ke akamai hou nui, ike Mauboussin (2012) , Watts (2012) , a me Frank (2016) .
Aia no kekahi kokoke i eliminating i komo uku i noiʻi e hoʻohana i ka haʻalele: conscription. Ma na online no kula hoʻokolohua i komo ua basically koho i loko o ia mea, a aole loa compensated. 'O kekahi keia hoʻokokoke mai nā Restivo, a me van de Ka Rijt ke (2012) hoʻokolohua ma uku ma Wikipedia a me Bond, a me colleague ka (2012) ma ka hooikaika ana kanaka e koho hoʻokolohua. Mau ho okolohua e, aole anei he 'Aʻohe iaaanu lilo, ua loaaʻole iaaanu lilo i ka noiʻi. 'Aʻole nō naʻe i ka lilo ana o na mea he nui o keia mau mea, ua like liilii i kela a me keia i komo, liilii koina kau mea nui kēia helu o na komo nui ana ke hooloihi i koke. Noiʻi holo papakaukau online, hoao pinepine ho'āpono aku i ka nui o ka poe liilii, ka manaʻo lapaʻau waiwai ma ka olelo ana i keia mau waiwai uuku hiki i ka wa a noi aku i na kanaka he nui lilo nui. Ka mau ia manaʻo pili i na koina a pau noiʻi auhau ia maluna i komo. Ina oukou ho okolohua ke kumu hookahi miliona kanaka, e pepehi i kekahi minuke, i ka hoʻokolohua ka mea, aole loa nā palapala i kekahi kanaka, aka, ma ka 'Ohi ka mea, ua hoomaunauna aku ai i aneane elua makahiki o ka manawa.
Kekahi kokoke i piliʻole iaaanu na lilo uku i ka i komo mea e hoʻohana i ka lottery, he kokoke mai i hoʻohana no hoi ma anamanaʻo noiʻi (Halpern et al. 2011) . Eia ke oki, no ka mea, he nui e pili ana i ke hoʻololi i ka puaʻa hoʻohana-hana ike Toomim et al. (2011) .
Eia ke kumu wehewehe o ka poe ekolu R, mai Russell and Burch (1959) :
"Hope o ia hoʻi, ka substitution no ka mea, manao ola holoholona kiekie o insentient mea. Ka ho'ēmiʻana o ia hoʻi, ka ho'ēmiʻana i loko o ka heluna o na holoholona hoʻohana 'e loaa' ike no ka haawi nui a me ka miomio. Ano hoohanohano a 'o ia hoʻi kekahi emi iloko o ka incidence a me ka oolea o inhumane kaʻina hana pili i ka poe holoholona a nō ka mea e e hoohana ia. "
Ka ekolu R ka mea au i manao ole 'aʻe' i na kumu mua ethical i ho'ākāka 'ia ma ka Mokuna 6. Akā, ua, he oi elaborated hoʻokolohua kekahi o ia mau kumu-beneficence-ua hōʻike hewa no ka hoonoho ana o kanaka ia mea.
I ka wa e manao 'ehaʻeha o Contagion, aia he ekolu ole-ethical nīnūnē e malama i ka manaʻo i ka wa ka unuhi i kēia ho'āʻo. Mua, he mea i ike i ka mea kiko'ī maoli o ka ho okolohua hoʻohui i ka theoretical kuleana; i na olelo, e haule ana na ninau e pili ana i? ieoaeunoai validity. He mea i maopopo i ka olelo a me ka hopena maikaʻi'ōlelo helu, ua lilo ke anakahi maikaʻi o ka 'ehaʻeha o ana o na i komo no ka 1) ka mea, aole i ike i na olelo a kanaka Mail he anakahi maikai o ko lakou mau Emotions, a me 2) ka mea, aole maopopo i ka nui o kēia mau olelo la ka Ikepili 'ana i kūpono i ka noiʻi hoʻohana ua hiki ke reliably infer Emotions (Beasley and Mason 2015; Panger 2016) . Ma kekahi olelo, aole i lilo kekahi ino ana o ka biased hoailona. Lua, o ka manao a me Ka Ikepili o ka hoʻokolohua e haʻi mai i kekahi mea e pili ana i ka mea i loa ka hopena i hōʻike ( 'o ia hoʻi, ka mea, aohe Ka Ikepili o ka heterogeneity o ka lapaau waiwai) a me ka mea a keʻano papa hana e lilo. Ma keia hihia, ka noiʻi he nui o ka 'ike e pili ana i ka poe i komo, aka, uaʻano nuiʻia e like me hāmeʻa ma ke Ka Ikepili. Ekolu, ka nui kanawai ma keia ho okolohua, ua uuku loa; i ka likeʻole o ka iapaau ana a me ka hooponopono ana hoi ma kahi o 1 ka 1,000 mau olelo. Iloko o ko lakou mau pepa, Kramer a me nā hoapili i ka hihia a pau i kanawai o keia nui, he nui no ka haneri o na miliona o na kanaka e nānā i ko lakou News E hanai oe i kela la keia la. Ma na olelo e, ka mea hoʻopaʻapaʻa i hiki ole i ka poe uuku no kela a me keia kanaka ka mea, ua nui ka 'Ohi. Ina oe e lawe mai i kekahi manaʻo hoʻopiʻi, he mea naʻe i maopopo, inā he kanawai o keia nui, he nui e pili ana i ka 'epekema nīnau hou loa e pili ana' ehaʻeha o contagion. No ka mea, nui maluna o na wahi, i hiki ai liʻiliʻi 'ole he nui ike Prentice and Miller (1992) .
I olelo o ka R mua (hope), ke kapakai a ka 'ehaʻeha o Contagion hoʻokolohua (Kramer, Guillory, and Hancock 2014) , a me ka' ehaʻeha o contagion maoli hoʻokolohua (Coviello et al. 2014) e kaumaha ana i kekahi mau aʻo e pili ana i ka oihana-mua aʻe nei pae'āina i neʻe mai ho okolohua i maoli ho okolohua (a me na hoʻokokoke mai e like'ālike ia ho'āʻoʻana i ka ho okolohua He kokekau wale ma 'ole-mana aeaiiua, ike Mokuna 2). Ma waho aʻeo ka ethical pomaikai, ka hoʻololiʻana mai ka mana i ole-papa hana haʻawina no hoi mau hiʻohiʻona nō noiʻi e hoʻopaʻa haʻawina kūlana kanaka a lakou i ua logistically hiki ia lakou ke deploy. Keia mau ethical a logistical pomaikai e hele mai i ka waiwai e lilo aku, nae. Me maoli ho okolohua noiʻi i emi hooponopono maluna o na mea e like me Recruitment o na komo, randomization, a me ke ano o ka lapaau. No ka mea, laʻana, hookahi i kaupalena 'ii iai e like me ka hana ka mea ia ia na maoli he positivity a emi negativity. Ma ka mana o? Anoee, nae, ua hiki ke hoʻomaʻa positivity a me ka negativity kū kaʻawale Kramer a me nā hoapili.
Ka nui o kēia mau kokoke loa i kahi hoʻohanaʻia Coviello et al. (2014) ua hou elaborated ma Coviello, Fowler, and Franceschetti (2014) . No ka mea, i hoike no vocal aiaiiuo ike Angrist and Pischke (2009) (emi olelo) a Angrist, Imbens, and Rubin (1996) (oi olelo). No ka mea, he-Liloa appraisal o vocal aiaiiuo ike Deaton (2010) , a no ka mea, i hoike no vocal aiaiiuo me ka nawaliwali kani (ua mea he nawaliwali mea kani), ike Murray (2006) .
More nui, he maikai hoike i maoli ho okolohua he Dunning (2012) , a me Rosenbaum (2002) , Rosenbaum (2009) , a me Shadish, Cook, and Campbell (2001) kaumaha maikai manaʻo e pili ana i aayoaeuiinoe causal loa me ka ho okolohua.
I olelo o ka lua o ka R (hoohanohano a), he poe akeakamai, a me logistical kalepa-aʻe nei, i ka wa e noonoo pono hoʻololi i ka manao o ka 'ehaʻeha o Contagion mai ka wahi pou i boosting pou. No ka mea, laʻana, malia paha e hana i ka hana a ka oaoieei-manaʻo o ka News Feedʻo ia ka mea ua 'ano hiki pono o ka hana hoao i wahi pou mamua hoao me boosting pou (e hoailona oukou i hoao me ka wahi pou hiki ke hoʻokō e like me ka ahu iho ma luna o ka News Feed 'ole kekahi e pono ai no ka hoololi ana i ka nń ku System). Scientifically, nae, ke kumumanaʻo i hōʻike 'ia ma ka hoʻokolohua, aole i maopopo paipai kekahi manao ma luna o ka poʻe kekahi.
Eia naʻe,ʻO wau nō i kaʻike i nā lula ma mua noiʻi e pili ana i ka pili hana maikai la a wahi a boosting maʻiʻo ma ke News Feed. Hoi, aole au i ike ole ai i ka noiʻi e pili ana i hoohehee maemae au ia kūlana kanaka e hana lakou i emi mai nā palapala; Hoʻokahi nō hoʻokoe 'o Jones and Feamster (2015) , ka mea e hoomanao i ka hihia o ke ana o ka Internet censorship (he kumuhana I kamaʻilio ma ka Mokuna 6 i pili i ka Encore hoʻopaʻa (Burnett and Feamster 2015; Narayanan and Zevenbergen 2015) ).
I olelo o ka R kolu (ka ho'ēmiʻana), he maikai hoike i nā loina mana Ka Ikepili o Cohen (1988) . Mālama '-lapaʻau covariates hiki ke komo iloko o ke manao ke kahua, a me ka Ka Ikepili kahua o nā hoʻokolohua; Mokuna 4 o Gerber and Green (2012) 'oi aku ka maikai hoike i na hoʻokokoke mai, a me Casella (2008) ' oi aku ka nui ma-hohonu lapaau. 'Ana i kūpono a pau e hoʻohana i kēia mālama'-lapaau 'ike i loko o ka randomization ua nō kāu kapaʻia kekahi wahi mana manao, a stratified mana mau manao (ka mea i hoʻohana consistently ka terminology ma ka noho' ana); keia mau 'ana i kūpono, ua nui loa aku i ka stratified mea hōʻikeʻikeʻuʻuku' ana i kūpono kūkākūkā i loko o ka Mokuna 3. E nānā Higgins, Sävje, and Sekhon (2016) no ka oi ma ka hoʻohana 'ana i kēia mau manao ma ka papakaukau hoʻokolohua. Mālama '-lapaʻau covariates no hoi e hiki ke komo iloko o ke Ka Ikepili ke kahua. McKenzie (2012) kaupaona i nā ke koena unuhi-ma-oko kokoke i ke kālailai kula hoʻokolohua ma nui au mamuli. Ike Carneiro, Lee, and Wilhelm (2016) no ka mea oi maluna o ka oihana-mua aʻe nei ma waena o okoa hoʻokokoke mai, e mahuahua miomio i koho o ke kanaka waiwai. Hope, ina paha e hoao e komo mālama '-lapaau covariates ma ka manao a me Ka Ikepili ke kahua (ai' ole 'elua), i ka wa ka hoʻoholo', he he he mau kumu e noonoo. Ma ka 'okoʻa noiʻi makemake kahi e hoike ia lakou, aole "lawaiʻa" (Humphreys, Sierra, and Windt 2013) , me ka mālama'-lapaau covariates ma ka manao ke kahua e hiki ai e kōkua (Higgins, Sävje, and Sekhon 2016) . In wahi, i hiki kahi i komo hiki sequentially, o ka oi aku online, kula hoʻokolohua, me ka mālama '-lapaau' ike i loko o ka manao ke kahua e paʻakikī logistically, ike no ka hoʻohālike Xie and Aurisset (2016) .
Pono ke kuai ohui iki o ke kilo no ke aha la oko-i-oko ao ke e no ka nui loa aku kona mana mamua oko-i-mea. He nui na online no nā haumāna i kiʻekiʻe loa ku ei (nānā IAOEIAaO, Lewis and Rao (2015) , a me Lamb et al. (2015) ) a ua kŘpa a paa ma luna o ka manawa. Ma keia hihia, ke hoʻololi 'manual e loaa kūpono kou uuku ei, mahuahua i ka mana o ke ana helu hōʻike. keia kokoke mea i hoʻohana 'oi aku pinepine hookahi kumu no ia ma mua i ka mīkini elemakule, he mea i pono ole ai e loaa mālama'-lapaau nā haumāna. A oi pōhaku punaʻano a pau e manao ana he mea e manao wale hoao e ana ina kekahi hoounauna oaeouee kumu no ke kaumaha me keia poho. Ina oe e hana i ka oko-i-mea e hoʻokokoke mai, ko oukou olelo, e loaa variability e hele mai ana mai ka variability i loko o paona, ma o ka heluna kanaka. Ina e hana kekahi oko-i-like kokoke loa i kahi, nae, ka mea maoli i hana oko a ma ka paonaʻia wehe 'a ia oe e hiki loa ke puana huai ae hookaawale i ma ka iapaau ana.
Hanakimi i emi ka nui o na i komo iloko o ko oukou hoʻokolohua nuiʻaoʻao mea e alakai i ka mana Ka Ikepili, a Kramer a me nā hoapili hiki i hana ma muli o ka nui maoli a kanawai i ka malamaia, mai ka hoʻokolohua maoli ma Coviello et al. (2014) ai 'ole mamua ole-papa hana noiʻi ma Kramer (2012) (ma ka mea mau, he mau hana ma ka hopena o kēia mokuna). Kaʻina Hana i keia hoʻohanaʻana i ka mana Ka Ikepili he iki okoa mamua o KOLOHE. Ma ka Analog makahiki, noiʻi nui i hana mana Ka Ikepili e mālama pono ana i ko lakou kuka nei, aole loa ka nui ( 'o ia hoʻi, ma lalo o-mana). Ano, naʻe, noiʻi e hana mana Ka Ikepili e mālama pono ana i ko lakou kuka nei, aole he nui ( 'o ia hoʻi, ma luna-mana).
Eia ke oki, I noonoo ohui i ka ha R: Repurpose. Ka mea, ina noiʻi loaa ia lakou iho me ka oi mana ike mamua o ko lakou pono e kamaʻilio ko lakou mau hoa noiʻi nīnau, e repurpose i nā ikepili e ninau hou nīnau. No ka mea, kumu, ke manao wale e Kramer, a me nā hoapili i hoʻohana paleʻana ma-ma-oko ao estimator, a loaa ia lakou iho me ka oi aeaiiua mamua e pono e kamaʻilio i ko lakou noiʻi nīnau. E aho ia mamua, aole me ka 'ikepili i ka kuhelu, ia lakou i hiki i aʻo i ka nui o ke kanawai, e like me kekahi papa e mālama'-kanaka 'ehaʻeha o ka manaʻo. E like me ka Schultz et al. (2007) loaa ai ke kanawai o ka iapaau ana heʻokoʻa no ka mālamalama, a me nā mea hoʻohana kaumaha, paha i ka hopena o ka News Feed heʻokoʻa ka poʻe iʻohana mua e Mail hauʻoli (ai 'ole ke kaumaha) memo. Repurposing hiki alakai i "lawaia" (Humphreys, Sierra, and Windt 2013) a "pa-hacking" (Simmons, Nelson, and Simonsohn 2011) , aka, i keia, ua pili kēia addressable me ka huihui 'ana o ka pono mai, a hōʻike (Simmons, Nelson, and Simonsohn 2011) , ka mālama 'kakau ana (Humphreys, Sierra, and Windt 2013) , a me ka mīkini aʻo epekema i hoao ai e pale aku maluna-pono.


text: ka Nā phenomena Meteorological ka ua, ka hau, ka ʻino, ka makani ʻāpana a me nā mea e hoʻopuni iā mākou i kēlā me kēia lā. ʻO ka ʻike maikaʻi ʻana iā lākou i kekahi manawa he mea pono iā mākou, keu hoʻi inā noho mākou i kekahi mau wahi o ka honua kahi i kū ikaika ai kekahi o kēia mau phenomena a luku i nā kūlanakauhale, e hoʻopau ana i ke ola o kekahi poʻe. Ma kēia hakahaka e ʻike ʻoe i nā ʻano ʻikepili āpau e pili ana i kēia hanana meteorological i kekahi manawa me he mea leʻaleʻa lā e like me ka hau akā i kekahi manawa hiki ke make. He hoihoi maoli ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka hapa nui o lākou a i kekahi manawa no ka hoihoi wale paha e hoihoi paha mākou i ka loaʻa ʻana o kēia ʻano wahi i hōʻike ʻia ai ka ʻike i kahi ala maʻalahi a maʻalahi hoʻi.


text:
Te faatura i te Persons he e pā ana ki te rongoā iwi rite motuhake, me te whakahonore ratou hiahia.
Kei te taunaki te Belmont Report ko te kaupapa matua o te Whakaaetanga mo nga Tangata he waahanga e rua: (1) me atawhai nga tangata takitahi me te (2) nga tangata me te whakaheke i te mana motuhake kia whai whakamarumaru atu. Ko te mana motuhake e pa ana ki te tuku i nga tangata ki te whakahaere io ratou ake oranga. I etahi atu kupu, Ko te whakaute mo nga Tangata e whakaaro ana kaore nga kairangahau e mahi i nga mea ki nga tangata me te kore whakaae. Ko te tikanga o tenei, ahakoa te whakaaro o te kairangahau ko te mea e pa ana he mea kino, he pai ranei. Ko te whakaute mo te tangata ka arahina ki te whakaaro ko nga kaiuru-ehara i nga kairangahau-ka whakatau.
I roto i te mahi, kua whakamaramatia te kaupapa o te Whakaaetanga mo te Tangata hei tikanga ko nga kairangahau, mehemea ka taea, ka whakaae ki te whakaae mai i nga kaiuru. Ko te whakaaro taketake me te whakaaetanga kua whakaaetia, ko nga mema o te hunga me whakauru ki nga korero whaitake i roto i te whakatakotoranga maamaa, me whakaae ki te whakauru. Ko enei o enei waahanga ko te kaupapa o te nui o nga tautohetohe me te karahipi (Manson and O'Neill 2007) , a ka hoatu e ahau te waahanga 6.6.1 ki te whakaae whakaaetanga.
Ko te whakamahi i te kaupapa matua o te Whakapuaki mo nga Tangata ki nga tauira e toru mai i te timatanga o te pene e whakaatu ana i nga waahanga e pa ana ki a ia takitahi. I ia wa, ka mahi nga kairangahau i nga mea ki nga kaiuru-i whakamahia o raatau raraunga (Tastes, Ties, Time), i whakamahia to raatau rorohiko ki te mahi i te mahi ine (Encore), i whakauruhia ranei ki roto i te whakamatautau (Emotional Contagion) -e kore he whakaaetanga . Ko te takahi i te kaupapa o te Whakaaetanga mo nga Tangata kaore i te hanga aunoa i enei akoranga kaore e taea te whakautu; Ko te whakaute mo te Tangata tetahi o nga maatatanga e wha. Engari ko te whakaaro mo te Whakaaetanga mo te Tangata e whakaatu ana i etahi huarahi hei whakapai ake i nga akoranga. Hei tauira, ka taea e nga kairangahau te ahua o te whakaaetanga mai i nga kaiwaiata i mua i te wa i timata ai te ako, i muri i te mutunga; Ka hoki mai au ki enei waahanga ina korerohia e au te whakaaetanga i whakaaetia i te waahanga 6.6.1.


text:
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text:
Te warou nylon kounga teitei mo te warou
Taipitopito Hua
Tohu Hua
He mama te taumaha o nga pire nylon e mahia ana e matou, he ngawari ki te whakauru ki te teitei teitei.Kua whakamahia nuitia nga pulleys nylon crane i roto i nga momo taputapu hiki, me te whakakapi haere i nga pulley whakarewa tawhito me o raatau painga ahurei.
Nga korero tere
Momo:Roera
Hanganga:Porotakaro
Momo hiri:tuwhera/hiri
WaitohuHuafu
Wāhi Taketake:Jiangsu, Haina
rauemi:te maitai chrome / te rino e mau ana
tiwhikete:ISO9001:2000
whakaahuatanga hua
Ko te nuinga o nga pulleys tuku iho he rino whakarewa, he rino whakarewa ranei.Ahakoa he nui to ratou kaha ki te kawe, he ngoikore o ratou kakahu, ka pakaru te taura maitai.I tua atu ki te tukanga matatini o maka wīra maitai, te utu tūturu he teitei ake i MC nylon wēra.He kaha ake te whakamahi i nga pulleys nylon MC.He ngawari ki te tukatuka.I te mea e tika ana te tauira, ka taea te hanga i nga pulleys me nga whakaritenga mahi rereke.I muri i te whakamahi i nga pulleys nylon MC, ka piki ake te oranga o te pulley e 4-5 nga wa, ka piki ake te oranga o te taura waea ki te 10 nga wa.Whakatauritehia "metal pulley" me "MC nylon pulley", MC nylon Ka taea e te pulley te whakaiti i te taumaha o te pupuhi me te upoko pupuhi i te 70%, te whakapai ake i te pai o te whakaputa, te whakarei ake i te mahi hiki me te mahi miihini o te miihini katoa, he pai. mo te tiaki, te wetewete me te huihuinga, me te kore hinu whakahinuhinu.He maha nga kaihanga warou i tawahi, penei i a Liebherr i Tiamana me Kato Co., Ltd. i Hapani, kei te whakamahi i nga whana nylon MC mai i nga tau 1970.
Taupānga:
Ko te kawe roera porotakaroa katoa e whakamahia whanuitia ana i roto i nga Motini, te rakau miihini, te Kaihanga, te mira hurihuri, te whakaheke, te mata wiri me te warou, aha atu.
Te kaha tuku
Whakarato Kaha:
100 Piece/Pieces ia Marama Makanga Cable Pulley mo warou
Tapeke me te Tukunga:
1. Peeke kirihou, pouaka kotahi, kaata me te pallet.
2. Te putea ahumahi.
3. pouaka rakau, pallet
4. E ai ki nga hiahia a nga kaihoko


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99% Purity Pmk Ethyl Glycidate 52190-28-0 2-Bromo-3′,4′-(methylenedioxy)propiophenone
Taipitopito Hua
Tohu Hua
Nga korero taketake
PMK CAS 52190-28-0 2932999099. Ētahi atu pūhui heterocyclic kei roto anake nga heteroatoms hāora.Te utu taake utu taapiri: 17.0%.Te utu utu taake: 13.0%.Nga tikanga whakahaere: Karekau.Te utu mo te motu tino pai: 6.5%.Te utu nui: 20.0%
1-(Benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-2-bromopropan-1-one
2-Bromo-3',4'-(methylenedioxy)propiophenone
2-Bromo-3',4'-(methylenedioxy)propiophenone
2-BROMO-3',4'-(METHYLENEDIOXY)PROPIOPHENONE,KAMA KOwhai MATI
Kōtaha Kamupene
Ko Anhui Rencheng Technology Co., Ltd. (ko te ingoa i muri nei ko AHRC), i whakapumautia i te tau 2015, he hinonga hangarau teitei o te taumata tuatahi, he mea motuhake ki te umanga matū.Ko te AHRC te wehewehe i a ia ano ma te tino momo me te kounga o ana hua kei roto nga takawaenga rongoa, tangohanga tipu, reagent matū, rongoa kararehe, takawaenga agrochemical, antibiotic etc.
I runga i te kaupapa o te 'Rooted in China, and head for the World', na te kaha o te mahi hangahanga me te whakahaere hokohoko, kua whakaratohia e ARTC ki nga kaihoko nga ratonga huri noa ma te aro ki nga korero mo ia taahiraa, penei i te R&D, te kounga. te mana whakahaere, te logistics me era atu mea, me te hiahia tonu ki te whakarato i nga otinga tino pai e whai hua ana, e ohaoha ana, e mau tonu ana.
Me tauhohenga te matū, me tauwhitiwhiti te whakahoahoa, ko te whakawhirinaki kei waenganui.A ko te tino whakawhirinaki ka ahu mai i te kounga pono me te ratonga mo nga taipitopito.Ma te maumahara i tenei pepeha, kei te pirangi a ARTC ki te hanga tahi i te hapori toa-toa me o hoa puta noa i te ao.
Ka whakatauhia e matou he kaokao i roto i te miihini me te hoa mo te kaupapa.I roto i te whai i te wairua o te 'tei wahi o to tatou kaihoko', e whakapono ana matou ka hanumi matou ki te pikitia katoa o te hiranga o a matou kaihoko, e whiti ana me te ahua o te kororia.
Mōkī me te tuku
FAQ
Q1: He aha to MOQ?
Ae, ka taea e matou te tuku i te tauira kore utu, engari ko te utu kaipuke ka utua e o taatau kaihoko.
Q2: Me pehea te whakapiri mai ki a maatau?
Ka taea e koe te korero ki a matou na Trademanager, Whasapp&Skype Online.
Ka taea e koe te kowhiri i o hua hiahia me te tuku patai ki a maatau.
Ka taea e koe te tuku imeera ki a maatau., ka whiwhi koe i ta maatau whakautu.
Q3: Ko tehea momo utu ka whakaae koe?
T/T,Westunion,Bitcoin,D/P, L/C me etahi atu.
Q4: Me pehea te whakaū i te Kounga Hua i mua i te whakatakoto ota?
1) Ka taea e koe te tiki tauira kore utu mo etahi hua, utu noa i te utu taketake mo matou.
2) Ka taea hoki e koe te tuku korero, to tono ranei ki a maatau, ma matou e whakarite nga hua mo koe.
Q5: Mōkī
Kei a matou te kete paerewa, ka taea ranei te whakarite kia rite ki to tono.
Q6: Te tuku
Kei a matou te R&D me te hanga matū mo te 6 tau, he nui to matou wheako mo te kaipuke, He maha nga kamupene rongonui i mahi tahi me matou, he pai matou ki te tuku i nga momo hua matū katoa.


text:
Te Reo ā-Waha: He Aratohu mā te Pouako
He Mahere Kōwae Ako
Ko te reo ā-waha te tūāpapa o ngā mahi katoa o te akomanga reo Māori.
Ki te whakapakarihia ngā pūkenga kōrero me ngā pūkenga whakarongo, ka piki ake te reo ā-waha o te ākonga, waihoki, ko tōna āhei ki te hopu i ngā akoranga o te akomanga.
He rauemi tēnei e taea ai e te kaiako te whakapakari i te reo ā-waha o te ākonga mā ngā ngohe reo ā-waha me ngā ngohe whakarongo.
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Te Whakaako Reo ā-Waha
He kōrero e hāngai ana ki ngā tikanga whakaako a te kaiako mō te reo ā-waha.
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Ngā Akoranga
Ko ngā akoranga me ngā ngohe whakaako i te reo ā-waha mā ngā tau 1–3, mā ngā tau 4–6 me ngā tau 7–8.
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Ngā Ataata
Ko ngā ataata mō te whakaako reo ā-waha.
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Ngā Tānga
Ko ngā tānga mō ngā ngohe mā ngā tau 1–3, mā ngā tau 4–6 me ngā tau 7–8.


text:
Pehea ki te faaite i Song Lyrics mo iTunes me iPod
A, no te faaroo i te taata i ki te waiata, e te nuinga o ia ranei ia himene ki te lyrics ki te tika. Heoi, lyrics ko tetahi o te āhuatanga ngaro i roto i putanga katoa o iTunes. Ae, te reira tika, e taea e koe te whakatika i te lyrics i te Haere Info tūemi, engari me pehea e taea te whakaatu e koe i te reira, ko te wahi uaua. 'Oku' uhinga e ka whai koe ki te tatari mo te ki a Apple whakapai ake iTunes mo te āhuatanga ake kaha lyric? O te akoranga NOT! Ka whakaatu tēnei tuhinga koutou e taea e pehea koe te whakaatu lyrics waiata i roto i to koutou iTunes me iPod.
Pūmanawa Manakohia:
Whakaatu Lyrics mō iTunes
Hei whakaatu lyrics i runga i tou iTunes, i reira e etahi mono-i roto i te wātea ki te mahi i tenei. Ko tētahi o ratou ko te visualizer iTunes, he Cover Version e whakaatu te taupoki album mahi toi o te waiata te tākaro i tēnei wā lyric me te pai, me te mea i reira he. Ka te kupu o te te ara kia whakaaturia i runga i runga o te album cover mahi toi, i ka e whakanohoia ingoa toi me te taitara waiata i te raro (pera me faahoho'ahia i roto i te Whakaahuamata i raro).
Kei te wātea rua hoki Windows me te Mac Cover Version. Ka taea e koe te tiki i te reira i konei . E mea ohie ki te tāuta, tika hoatu te CoverVersion (CoverVersion.dll) ki Library> iTunes> iTunes Mono-mai o koutou whaiaronga te kāinga i roto i te Mac. Tērā neke ratou ki te kōpaki mono-mai i raro i iTunes kōpaki tāutanga roto i te Windows. Hei tiro i te kupu i roto i te iTunes, haere ki Tirohia> Visualizer> CoverVersion .
Tuhipoka : Cover Maori kore e tiki lyrics ranei oro i te Internet. Reira i whakaatu anake te lyrics e kua oti kē i noho pūmau i roto i te riu ororongo. Ki te ka rite koe ki te tiki i te kupu online, kia tamata koe i roto i iTunes Lyrics Pūkawemai.
Tirohia Lyric Ā
iTunes taea ki a koe tiro ā-nga lyrics. Just pāwhiri matau-i runga i te waiata motuhake i roto i iTunes, ka tīpako Haere Info (te pokatata papapātuhi ko Whakahaua + ahau). Na, haere ki Lyrics ripa ki te tiro i te lyrics.
Tirohia Lyrics i runga i te iPod
Kia hoki kia hiahia i roto i te mātakitaki lyrics i runga i tou iPod koe. I roto i te meka, te reira tino ngāwari rite te roa hoki rite kua eke koutou waiata te lyrics tāmau. I muri i te tārua waiata ki tou iPod , te whai i nga kaupae i raro nei:
1. Tīmata te tākaro i tetahi waiata ki nei kua tapiritia e koe lyrics.
2. Hit te Center toutou pātene kia kite ra koutou i te waihanga i runga i iPod.
Te Tenei te tikanga o kōwhiringa ina pēhi koe i te Center pātene ki te reira e album toi lyrics ranei:
Tūnga Play> Scrubber> Album Art> Lyrics / Whakaahuatanga> Whakatauranga
Ko te āhuatanga mō te waiata e whai kahore album toi me raraunga lyric tenei.
Play tūnga> Scrubber> Whakatauranga
Tefito e pā ana
-Hua e pā ana ngā pātai? Korero hāngai ki to tatou Team Tautoko >>


text:
Video 3D
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Kaihanga 2 3D Video
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3 Video 3D Player
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4 3D Video Converter
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5 2D ki 3D
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6 3D Whitiāhua
Tirohia Kaweake Video 3D i runga i te PC TV 3D rānei
Wondershare Video Converter Ultimate E āhei koe ki te tahuri 2D ataata ki te Anaglyph whero-Urikiko ranei taha-i-taha (image maui kanohi tuatahi) ataata 3D. I muri i taua, ka taea e oaoa i te reira e koe i runga i tou PC TV 3D ranei, ki te 3D-hototahi pūmārō tika, ranei pūmanawa (ranei e rua).
He aha te Anaglyph whero-Urikiko ataata 3D?
Ki te whanga ki Anaglyph whero-Urikiko ataata 3D, he katoa e hiahia ana koe i te rua o mōhiti whero Kawariki ranei. Play te ataata 3D i runga i tetahi PC ki te kaitākaro pāpāho noa, mo te tauira i runga i Media Windows Player a ka kakahu koutou mōhiti whero Urikiko ranei ki te oaoa i te ataata 3D.
Kōwhiringa Purei anō: Watch taha-i-taha ataata 3D i runga i te PC TV 3D rānei
Hei tiro taha-i-taha ataata 3D i runga i te PC TV 3D ranei, ka hiahia koe rānei te PC 3D ranei TV, 3D kaitākaro pāpāho, aroturuki 3D-hototahi ranei TV, me te rua o mōhiti 3D mō ia kaimātakitaki. Pānuitia i runga hoki tohutohu āmiki.
Kōwhiringa 1: I te PC ki te kāri whakaatu e tautoko 3D me 3D aroturuki
Mai te aroturuki 3D te nuinga ki te kaitākaro pāpāho 3D ka taea e koe te whakamahi i tika i te reira ki te purei ataata 3D. Te kore, te whiriwhiri i tetahi atu kaitākaro tuatoru-rōpū, ki te rite koe. Hanga e whiriwhiri koe i te aratau i roto i ngā tautuhinga whirihoranga koutou kaitākaro o 3D pāpāho taha-i-taha. I roto i te nuinga o te wā, ka purei te ataata rite ki te ātahu. Ki te kore, tamata whakawhiti whakapakoko maui, me te tika i roto i te kanohi whirihoranga whakaaturanga 3D o te 3D kaitākaro pāpāho.
Kōwhiringa 2: I runga i te TV 3D-hototahi
I mua i te faafariuraa 3D i 2D, tirohia koutou hōputu hototahi 3D-TV tuatahi me te kia e kua whiriwhiria e koe te hōputu ataata hototahi. Tautoko te nuinga o 3D-TV te MP4 me hōputu ataata WMV. Th ere e toru tikanga rerekē i runga i taea pehea koe te mataara taha-i-taha ataata 3D i runga i te TV 3D; i runga i te pūtake o te tuku i te ataata o 3D. Ka taea e koe te whakamahi i tō PC, puku mārō ara te kaitākaro DVD ranei ki te rere ataata 3D ki tou TV 3D-hototahi.
1. Whakamahia TV 3D hei aroturuki waho mo te PC
Ka taea te whakamahi TV 3D hei aroturuki waho mo koutou PC (tautoko kāri whakaatu 3D). No tenei whakapati, ka hiahia koe te taura ataata ki te tāpiri i te PC ki te TV 3D; te tikanga mā te atanga, DVI, VGA ranei whakaratohia ki te hoko o tou TV. Ko te taura e hiahiatia rerekē i runga i te tauranga i runga i tou PC te feia e tautokona ana e te TV 3D me te āhua. Ka hiahia koe te whāurutau, ki te kahore ko te rite i te tauranga i runga i te TV 3D tou tauranga i runga i te PC.
Kia whai koe i te taura e tika ana (rānei te whāurutau) ki te hono i tō PC ki te TV 3D, te whai i nga kaupae i raro nei:
- Hipanga 1 : Tahuri atu e rua te TV 3D me te PC. Tūhono i te taura ki te TV i mua i tahuri i runga i te rorohiko ki te whakarite ite i te reira i te TV hei whakaaturanga waho.
- Hipanga 2 : Kia oti te tīmatanga-ake, ka tou 3D-TV hei he kaupane o waho. Ka waiho te purei te rite te tohutohu i runga i runga i roto i te Kōwhiringa 1.
Ataata 2. Stream 3D ki TV 3D mā puku mārō
E tautoko ana tauranga USB ētahi TV a 3D 3D wetewaehere ihirangi, kia taea e koe te uta ataata 3D ki tou puku kohiko ranei puku mārō mā USB, a ka matau te reira ki runga ki to koutou TV 3D.
3. kaitākaro Whakamahia DVD ki rere ataata 3D ki te TV
Ki te kore e tautoko i te tauranga USB koutou TV a 3D 3D wetewaehere ihirangi, ka taea e koe te hono atu tō puku kawe pakeke ki te kaitākaro pāpāho pūmārō tika, ano te DVD Blu-ray ranei Player ka kia rere te reira ihirangi 3D ki tou 3D-TV.


text:
I enei ra ka hono nga taangata ki a raatau ano ma roto i nga tuhinga. Na mena kei te (korero koe: nga taane) e korero ana ki nga waahine ma nga karere tuhi, anei etahi kupu awhina maau. Ma enei tohutohu koe e awhina ki te noho haere i mua to hononga.
Ko Netaji Subhas Chandra Boses pepeha rongonui, 'Tum mujhe khoon do, mai tumhe azadi dunga' i akiaki i nga miriona ki te whawhai mo te herekore o India. I whanau ia i te 23 o Hanuere 1897. Na reira, i tana huritau whanau, kua whakahiatohia e matou etahi o ana korero whakahihiko.
Ko Ramdhari Singh Dinkar, e mohiotia whanuitia ana e tana ingoa pene a Dinkar, he peheti Inia, he kaikorero tuhinga, he mema no Rajya Sabha me te kaituhi. I tana huritau whanau, kei konei tatou me nga korero paku-mohiotia mo ia.
Ko William Shakespeare tetahi kaitito rongonui me te kaitoi paanui Ingarihi. I whanau ia i te Paenga-whawha 1564 ka mate i te 23 o Paengawhawha 1616. Ahakoa kaore i te mohiotia tana ra whanau, i iriiria ia i te 26 o Paenga-whawha 1564. Panuihia nga korero mo tona koiora.
Ko Shirdi Sai Baba e koropiko ana nga Hindu e rua me nga Mahometa i whanau i te 28 o Hepetema 1838. I tona ra whanau, kei konei tatou me nga korero e mohiotia iti ake ana mo te Hahi-Muslim.
Ko te Minita o Uniana a Ram Vilas Paswan te manawa whakamutunga i te 8 o Oketopa 2020 i te tau 74. E paangia ana e te mate roa ana, e wha nga ra i mua i te Hatapu i whakamamaetia ia. Anei etahi korero mo ia.
Ia tau ka tirohia te Ra Tane a-Ao a te 19 o Noema. I tirohia te ra hei whakanui i nga mahi a nga taane i roto i ta tatau hapori. Hei whakaputa i to mihi mo nga taane e karapoti ana i a koe, anei etahi korero me nga hiahia ka taea e koe te tohatoha.
He poata rongonui a Bharatendu Harishchandra he kaitito poiihi me te kaituhi nana i tuku he huarahi hou ki nga tuhinga Hindi me nga whare tapere. I tona huritau whanau ara, i te 9 o Hepetema, anei etahi korero paku-mohiotia mo ia.
Ko Rabindranath Tagore, te tohunga pehepehe rongonui, kaituhi, kaiwhakatangitangi me te kaitoi i whanau i te 7 o Mei 1861. Ko ia hoki te Non-Pakeha tuatahi i wikitoria i te Nobel Prize in Literature. I tana huritau whanau, kua kawea mai e maatau etahi korero mo ia.
Ko te taangata tetahi o nga huarahi pai hei whakaputa i te aroha o te tokorua ki a ratau ano ko te taangata pai kaore i te oti me te kore o mua. Mena ki a koe ko te foreplay ko te kihi noa iho me te pa atu ki konei etahi mea whakaongaonga e pa ana ki a ia.
Ko te taatai tetahi o nga huarahi e whakaatu ai nga hoa aroha i a raatau ano. Ko etahi taangata e awangawanga ana mo te mea kotahi mena kei te pai ratau ki te moenga me o ratau hoa rangatira. Tirohia 10 tohutohu taikaha mo te taane.
I whanau a Dadabhai Naoroji, e mohiotia ana ko te 'Ambassador Ambassador of India' i te 4 o Hepetema 1825. I roto i tona ao katoa, i mahi ia mo te mahi pai ake o te whenua ana ko ia te tuatahi o Ahia i tu hei mema Paremata o Ingarangi i te UK House of Commons.
Ko Sardar Ajit Singh te teina o Sardar Kishan Singh me te matua keke o Shaheed Bhagat Singh. I whanau i te 23 o Hui-tanguru 1881, ka hemo tana manawa i te ra i kiia ai a India he iwi motuhake. Anei etahi atu korero mo ia.
Ko Sivananda Saraswati he kaitautoko mo Yoga me Vedanta. I tona huritau whanau ara, i te 8 Mahuru 2020, kei konei matou ki te korero ki a koe i etahi korero iti-mohiotia mo Swami Sivananda. Panuihia te tuhinga i raro nei kia mohio ai koe.
I whanau a Vinoba Bhave ko Vinayaka Narahari he tino akonga no Mahatma Gandhi. I whanau i te 11 Mahuru 1895, e mohiotia whanuitia ana ia mo te 'Bhoodan Movement'. I tona ra whanau, kei konei matou ki te korero mo ia.
Ko Ratan Tata te 83 tau i te 28 o Tihema 2020. I whanau i roto i te whanau rongonui, i kii a JRD Tata ko Ratan Tata te kairiiwhi i a ia i te tau 1991. Kia mohio ki etahi atu korero e pa ana ki tenei rangatira rangatira o te ao.
Ko Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay tetahi kaituhi a Bengali me te kaituhi nana i tuhi etahi o nga tuhinga roa o nga wa katoa. I whanau mai i te 15 o Hepetema 1876, he tama mohio ia, he tamariki tino ngahau i a ia e tamariki ana. Anei etahi atu korero mo ia.
Ko Maharana Pratap e kiia ana ko tetahi o nga kingi toa ki te whakahaere i te whenua o Inia. Ko ia te tangata kaore i tuku ki a Mughal Emperor Akbar, ahakoa i roto i nga uauatanga me nga pakanga. I tenei ra kua mauria mai e matou etahi korero mo ia.
Ko Dr APJ Abdul Kalam, te Perehitini o mua o Inia i whanau i te 15 Oketopa 1931 a i mate i te 27 Hurae 2015 i te wa e whakaputa ana i tetahi kauhau ki IIM Shillong. I tana huritau 5 o te matenga, anei etahi korero e pa ana ki a ia.
Ko Kalki Krishnamurthy he tangata whai mana i nga Rangatiratanga o Inia, he kairipoata, he kaitito, he kaituhi, he kaikorero. I whanau i Tamil Nadu, e rongonui ana ia mo ana mahi etita me aana mahi tuhituhi. I tana huritau whanau, kua kawea mai e maatau etahi korero mo ia.


text:
A: Ko te utu kei runga i te tauira taapiri e hiahia ana koe ki te hanga.I te nuinga o te waa, ko te utu ko te 100$/ia hoahoa.Mena he nui ake to moni ota i te 10,000 USD, ka whakahokia te utu tauira ki a koe.
A: Kao, ka kore utu tenei mo koe.
A: Ae, ka taea.Ka taea e matou te whakarite i runga i to tono ka taea hoki e matou te tuku whakaaro ki a koe kia rite ki o maatau mohio ki te hiahia koe.
A: Ae ra, ka whakarereketia e matou kia pai ra ano koe
A: Mena kei a koe he kaute korero o te ao, ka taea e koe te whiriwhiri i te kohikohi utanga, ki te kore, ka taea e koe te utu i te utu me te utu tauira.
A: Me tono e matou nga mea mo o hoahoa hoahoa, me utu e matou te tuhi me te mahi whakairo, me utu e matou nga utu o nga kaihoahoa.Ina utua e koe te utu tauira, ko te tikanga kei a matou te kirimana ki a koe;ka kawe matou i te kawenga mo o tauira, kia kii ra koe "OK, he tino pai".
A: Mena he nui ake to moni ota i te 10,000 USD, ka whakahokia te utu tauira ki a koe.
A: I te wa e tae atu ai to maatau utu hokohoko ki te 200,000 USD ia tau, ka waiho koe hei kaihoko VIP.A ka kore utu katoa o tauira;I tenei wa ka poto ake te waa tauira i te waa noa.
A: Ko nga ra 3-7 e ai ki nga tauira rereke.Mena ka hiahia wawe koe ki nga tauira, ka taea te mahi i roto i nga ra e rua.
A: Ae ra, ka whakarereketia e matou kia makona ra ano koe
A: Tena koa whakapiri mai ki o maatau kaihoko, mena kaore e taea e koe te whakahoki whakautu i te waa, tena koa whakapiri mai ki ta maatau Tumuaki.
A: Ka hoatu e matou ki a koe te utu whakamutunga ka mutu te tauira.Engari ka hoatu e matou he utu tohutoro i mua i te tukanga tauira


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Te Whakataetae Pā Whutupōro Bunnings 2019 i tū ki Rotorua. U18 Mixed, BOP ki Auckland. S1E03
Tūtohu BOP. Ngā hua 1 - 9 o te 9 mō i rō Ngā Ataata
Primary tabs
Ngā hua kimi
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2019 Bunnings Junior Touch Champs, U16 Kōtiro, Canterbury ki BOP, S1E02
Te Whakataetae Pā Whutupōro Bunnings 2019 i tū ki Rotorua. U18 Kōtiro, Canterbury ki BOP.
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2019 Bunnings Junior National Touch: 16B Pool A, Taranaki v BOP
2019 Bunnings Junior National Touch: 16B Pool A, Taranaki v BOP
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He hōtaka hei awhina i ngā kaimauhere ō mua me rātou kua taka ki te hē
Mo te toru tau e tū mai nei kua wātea te rōpū NZ Howard League for Penal Reform ki te hapai i ngā kaimauhere ō mua me rātou kua taka ki te hē ki Te Moana a Toi na runga i to rātou kaupapa whakawhiwhi raihana ārahi waka. Atu i te marama o Māhuru wha tekau neke atu te hunga kua tauawhitia ki roto i tēnei kaupapa ki Whakatāne.
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Tino waimarie te kai hopu whakaahua i tetahi horo nui
Ka noho aukati te huarahi matua e noho ai i a Opotiki me Turanga nui a Kiwa na runga i tetahi horo whenua ki runga i te huarahi. He mea kapo ake te horo o te whenua e Michael Tabudravu i a ia e haere ana ki Opotiki mai Turanga nui a Kiwa.
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E Tu Whānau Touch Championships 2017- Counties Manukau v BOP
E Tu Whānau Touch Championships 2017 - 21 Mixed Final
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E Tū Whānau Touch Championships 2017- Otago v BOP
E Tū Whānau Touch Championships 2017 - Otago v BOP (21 Mixed).
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E Tū Whānau Touch Championships 2017- Pool A BOP v Otago
E Tū Whānau Touch Championships 2017 - Pool A BOP v Otago (Open Mixed).
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E Tū Whānau Touch Championships 2017- BOP v Counties Manukau
E Tū Whānau Touch Championships 2017 - BOP v Counties Manukau (Open Men).


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Mena he umanga aipurangi koe ka hanga ranei e koe he eCommerce i tenei tau, he mea noa ki a koe ko te Prestashop tetahi o nga waahanga hei hanga i to toa ipurangi i raro i tenei punaha. Engari ko te raru anake kaore i te rahi. He mea tika ano kia whakawhiwhia mai he "kakahu", ara, he tauira Prestashop e haangai ana ki te ahua o to paetukutuku.
Inaianei Ko te rapu i nga tauira Prestashop pai rawa, ehara i te mea uaua; ina hoki, ka kitea e koe he tauira koreutu me etahi atu utu (i nga taumata rereke). Engari i te mea e mohio ana taatau ko te maha o nga waahanga ka nui te kaha, i tenei ra ka hiahia maatau ki te whakahiato i nga mea papai ka taea e koe te rapu me te mea hei whakamahi ma te nuinga (ara, ka taea te aro ki nga pakihi rereke. Kei te hiahia koe ki te mohio ko ēhea ka tūtohu mātou?
Taurangi
- 1 He aha te Prestashop
- 2 He aha taau e whai whakaaro ai i te wa e tiki ana koe i nga tauira Prestashop
- 3 Tātauira Prestashop Pai rawa
He aha te Prestashop
Ko tetahi taahiraa o mua i mua i te mohio ki nga tauira Prestashop ko te mohio he aha taatau e korero nei me Prestashop. Ko taku korero, kei te mohio koe he aha?
He taputapu a Prestashop, tetahi o nga mea e tino mohiotia ana, i arotahi ki te whakahaere me te whakahaere i tetahi toa ipurangi. He pai mo era eCommerce iti me te reo, ana, i mua i to paatai, ae, he koreutu ana ka ako ana koe ki te whakamahi, he pai mo te whakahaere i o rawa, hoko, aha atu. i roto i te huarahi ngawari.
Inaa hoki, i runga i nga korero e waatea ana, i te ao neke atu i te 300.000 nga toa aipurangi me tenei taputapu, me te waatea i roto i nga reo neke atu i te 75, ka pai ake to ako.
Mo ana mahi, he whanui te whanui. Inaa hoki, ko te nuinga, kaua ki te korero ki a koutou katoa, he koreutu, na konei te nuinga i kowhiria ai tenei taputapu kaore i etahi atu huarahi rereke (penei i te WordPress me tana WooCommerce).
Me nga tauira whakahirahira?
Na, ko nga tauira Prestashop (ko nga kaupapa Prestashop ranei) koira ta te kaiwhakamahi e kite ai i to toa ipurangi. Arā, ko te hoahoa ka hoatu e koe ki to toa. Ko ona kakahu, ina ra.
I etahi atu, ko te tirohanga a to toa, me pehea te ahua ka tae mai tetahi ki to whaarangi ka kite i a ia. He mea nui kia rite ki te kaupapa, ki te maakete ranei e mahi ai koe. Hei tauira, kaore e pai mena, mena he toa taonga taakaro koe, ka whakauruhia e koe he hoahoa ataahua, pango pango hoki, no te mea kaore e aro atu te hunga whakarongo.
Ko enei tauira ka kitea i runga i te Ipurangi, e rua ona ahua.
- Tauira Prestashop Koreutu. He tino ruarua engari kei te ngoikore ratau he iti ake etahi, he tuku hoahoa taketake noa atu ranei (etahi).
- Tauira Prestashop utu. He momo rereke ano hoki, he rereke i etahi atu no te mea he pai ake te mahi, he nui ake te tuku mai i nga hoahoa koreutu.
He aha taau e whai whakaaro ai i te wa e tiki ana koe i nga tauira Prestashop
I mua i te whakaatu i nga tauira Prestashop e taunaki ana matou, me mohio koe he aha hei whakaaro maau i te hoko mai i te tango ranei me te whakauru i tetahi tauira.
Ana ko etahi wa, kaare e kore ka pai te mahi, na te kore pea e whai whakaaro ki enei e whai ake nei:
Kia tupato ki te putanga Prestashop
Whakaarohia he tauira Prestashop taau i aroha ai. Engari ka tae ana ki te whakauru ki to eCommerce kaore e mahi. Akene na te mea kaore i te hototahi ki to putanga Prestashop.
No reira, i te wa e hoko ana, e tango ana ranei, maatakihia kia rite ki te putanga o to Prestashop.
Tirohia te tauira tauira
Kaua e noho noa ki te ahua o tena tauira, mena he whakaaturanga, tirotirohia kia maarama ai koe ki te whakaatu i nga mea katoa, ehara ko te whaarangi kaainga anake, engari ko nga konae hua, ko nga waahanga hua, me pehea te utu, aha atu.
Tauira reo
E ai ki ta maatau i korero ai i mua, kua whakamaorihia a Prestashop ki roto i te 75 reo. Engari ki te tauira o nga tauira tera pea he waahanga kaore i te whakamaorihia, ka whakaranu i te Paniora me te Ingarihi; hoatu tika ranei ki te Ingarihi.
Na, ki te kore koe e hiahia kia tupu tena, me maama koe kua whakamaorihia nga mea katoa ki te reo Paniora.
He tauira kua whakamahia whanui
He maha e kore e hiahia ki te hoko ki te tango ranei i nga tauira Prestashop kua oti noa te whakamahi, na te mea ki ta ratau kaore tenei i te ahua taketake.
Heoi, me mohio koe, ko te nui ake o te tangohanga, ko te tikanga kua whakamatautauria e nga taangata ana ka mahi, kaore e raru nga tikanga. A ma tenei ka tau ai to whakaaro kaore koe e raru.
Tātauira Prestashop Pai rawa
Na, ka waiho e maatau etahi o nga tauira Prestashop pai rawa atu hei whakaaro maau mo to ake e-tauhokohoko.
hoko
Koinei tetahi o nga tauira Prestashop tino ataahua ka kitea e koe me te hoahoa aro (Ko te tikanga ka pai te titiro mena ka tirohia e koe mai i te PC, i te papa, i te waea waea ...)
E 6 nga whakaaturanga kua whakaritea i mua kia taea e koe te tohu i tetahi e hiahia ana koe. Runga ake katoa Kei te arotahi mo nga toa ahua engari ka taea e koe te whakamahi mo etahi atu penei i nga taonga taakaro, whakapaipai, aha atu.
Transformer 4
Koinei tetahi o nga tauira Prestashop tino pai kei runga i te Ngahere Kaupapa, na te nuinga o te iwi i whakamatau me te kii. He aha tenei? Ana, he tino tuhinga etita taona, kia taea hoahoa i taau taatai, me te taatai tirohanga hei hanga i nga korero o to whaarangi.
E 17 nga waahanga kua whakaritea i mua me te ahei o te whakauru i tetahi blog.
Warehouse
Ko te Whare Taonga te tino ahuatanga o te urutau; I etahi atu kupu, he mihi ki nga waahanga rereke e whakawhiwhia ana ki a koe, ka taea e koe te hanga ake hoahoa ma te awhina i a koe ki nga tohutohu ka puta i a koe mo tenei tauira. Hei taapiri, kua aroturukihia mo SEO a kua whai Mutu Koreutu Revolution Slider ki te hanga whakaahua whakawhiti i o whaarangi eCommerce.
alyssum
Ka arotahi ki nga toa iti me te toa, koinei tetahi o nga tauira Prestashop ka taea e koe me nga waahanga maha. Hei tiimatanga, kei a koe 7 nga whakaaturanga whakauru (kia kore ai koe e hanga i te toa mai i te pakaru). Engari, mena kei kona, kei a koe te Kaihanga Wharangi hei hanga i nga waahanga ka whakarite kia rite ki taau e pai ai (me te kore e mohio ki te kaupapa).
Tauira Prestashop: Optima
Mena kei te hiahia koe i tetahi tauira Prestashop e mahi ana i etahi kaupapa maha (hei tauira na te mea he maha o toa, no te mea kaore ano koe kia mohio he aha taau e hoko atu) koinei pea tetahi o nga mea angitu ake i te waa neke atu i te 47 nga demo i hangaia i mua-ki te whakatutuki i nga hiahia o nga umanga rereke, mai i nga ahuatanga, i nga waahanga motuka, i nga kai, i nga pukapuka ...
He hoahoa aro nui a ka taea te taapiri whakaroanga, mai i nga haki, reti, hua me te waahanga o te waahanga, blog ...


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7 Best Alternatives TuneUp
Kua kakato awhi matou i te ao mamati ina tae mai te reira ki te waiata, a ko o matou PC, papa, smart-waea, me ngā kaitākaro pāpāho mamati te nuinga ki tonu i te ara ororongo mamati. Ko te TuneUp he hōtaka e haere i roto i to koutou kohinga waiata mamati katoa, me te ata aunoa waiata mislabelled, tāpiri e ngaro ana cover toi me te tango ara tāriterite. Sounds nui - anake taua TuneUp he kore noa, wā hokohoko i $ 40. Tenei ka hoatu e matou a koutou 7 iti whirinoa TuneUp ki te whakataurite.
1. Wondershare TidyMyMusic
TidyMyMusic tika a aunoa kitea me te tāpiri te ingoa o kaitoi, te ingoa o te waiata, album toi, info momo, ngā kupu me te ake, te āwhina kia mau koe tou kohinga oti, me te whakaritea. He aha te ake, he tino māmā, me te pūmanawa tenei pūmanawa, ka taea e ara he tauhou whakamahi i te reira, kahore tetahi raruraru.
MusicBrainz Picard 2
MusicBrainz Picard Ko te whaipainga iti nui e tautoko ana hōputu kōnae tino oro, me mahi i runga i Windows, Mac me Linux rite ki te mea i roto i te maori reo maha-atamira i tuhituhia. Whakauru ana tēnei tono aunoa i tou kohinga waiata, me te hanga tino te tika tūtohua ia kōnae. He hoki e rave rahi monomai anō taea e koe te tiki ki te hanga atu MusicBrainz Picard noa whai hua.
3. EasyTAG
EasyTAG Ko tetahi tuwhera-puna whaipainga e taea e koe te whakamahi i ki tiro, whakatika, me te tuhituhi tūtohu ki te nuinga o ngā kōnae momo, tae atu MP3, MP4, OGG me ngā kōnae FLAC. Hono te reira i ki tūmau e rua i te Freedb.org me Gnudb.org ki te kia te mōhiohio aroturuki tūtohu he tika, a taea e ara iriti ki reo ke atu i Ingarihi.
4. TagScanner
He tono ki te nui o te mahi e taea te whakamahi e koe mō te whakarite, me te whakahaere i to koutou kohinga waiata TagScanner he. Ka hono te reira aunoa ki ngā pātengi raraunga ipurangi pērā i Freedb.org, Amazon me Discogs ki te tiki cover toi, a ka taea e koe te whakaputa rārangipāpāho e taea reira koutou whakatika me te kaweake ki te HTML Excel rānei. I rawa ona ake kaitākaro hanga-i roto i.
5. Tūtohu & Rename
Tūtohu & Rename kerēme ki te waiho i te tino whānui mamati kōnae ororongo tono e wātea ana tūtohu, ki te tautoko hoki MP3, ngā kōnae WMV, M4A, OGG ko FLAC me te tokomaha, he maha atu. Ko te hōtaka e whakatika aunoa a oti tūtohu kōnae, taitara kawenga me te hipoki toi, ka tautuhi, ka whakaputa mōhiohio album. Ka taea hoki te iriti ki reo rerekē e whitu.
6. Festival
He tono tūtohu e he nui hoki ngā kōnae pūoro papatipu-tūtohu Jaikoz he. Ka whakamahi te reira i acoustic ōrite tapumati me metadata ki te titiro ake ngā mōhiohio aroturuki i te aroturuki pātengi raraunga pārongo MusicBrainz, Discogs me Acoustid. Ka hoki aunoa titiro te reira ki runga, me te tautapa album mahi toi, me te hopu i roto i ara tāriterite.
7. CopyTrans TuneTastic
Ko te hōtaka mo koutou CopyTrans TuneTastic ki te whakamahi koe iTunes ki te whakarite me te mau tonu to koutou whare pukapuka waiata, rite i whakahere taua koe he nui ake ngāwari me ngā kōwhiringa atu te whakamahi i iTunes anake. Ka tautuhi i te reira i pukapuka e ara ngaro, kua ara tārite ranei e mahi toi kei te ngaro - mahi aunoa katoa i te pāwhiri o te pātene.