text:
Ka Muhpak US
Gamthu Pawlkhat
Agelh: Awn Za Pau
Nisuahna leh Nitumna Kilamdanna
America ka paima in kuama phawkkhak khol
hetloh thu kidotna aa, kua mah in a hel ngei khol hetloh uh, singkung nam
tuamtuam bang singkungteng a po zen tam, eilam ate tawh akibang keek nam cih ka
theihnop gige pen khat ahihi. US 50 states lakah state (27) val ka pai khin zo
ta a, abupi in Mountain Region leh Iowa
State akipan akitang pheiphei leilu lamteng New York State, Pensylvania State
cihte pawl lo buang akhung lam teng ka pha nai kei hi. Ka paina lamdung tengah
ka khuadak kawikawi a, eilam a tawh kibang singkung lopa lakah, taaksing leh
lopa/gampa bekmah ka tam muh hi.
New York khuasungah a suan tawm mah uh hi’n
cin, vanghsing ih cih a paaksante Kawlpau in Seinpannyi acihte kung golpipi ka
mu a, a paak laitak ahihi. Gamlak a po guakung ka mu mahmah kei hi. Nahtang
kung leh haikung zong ka mukha mahmah kei hi. Florida State ah thankung (palm
tree) leh a suan tawm uh taaksing pokhawm ngelhngalh khawng ka mu hi. Ei lam a
vau sing ih cih Kawl pau in swedaw acih eilam ah khuakhal nisat hun lai mahmah
a, a paak vaukungte a kisuan tawm vive khuasung khawngah kimu thei hi.
Tua lo ei lam a, ateh pulh ngei lo
sialsawlsing, gelsing, limsing cih bang namte ka mukha mahmah kei hi. Amau
gamah taaksing nam tuamtuam (Pine Family), Cypress Family sung a om ateh hiam
sengsang mahmah singkung pawl khat leh Magnolia Family sung a om Southern
Magnolia, Sweetbay Magnolia, kici a teh a peek gol leh a sah piante lo buang a
tehpulh nam vive ahihi.
Atung a ka gen ei lam singte tawh ka teh
theihloh gamsung apo akungbup a, ateh pulh ngeilo (evergreen) singkung namkhat
leh taaksing nam tuamtuamte lobuang a khempeuh in a tehpulh nam (deciduous)
vive hi a, November kha akipan a teh pulh dingin kithawi in November kha bei
December kha sungin pulh siangin Winter hun phalbi hun tung pahhi. Mualtung
elvn: 3000’ tungsiah ah ahonhon a po taaksing nam tuamtuam tam mahmah hi.
Taaksing nam tuamtuam Pine family sungah:
USA ii nisuahna lam a po, Balsam Fir, Fraser Fir, Tamarack, Red Spruce, White
Spruce, Black Spruce, Jack Pine, Shortleaf Pine, Slash Pine, Longleaf Pine,
Table Mountain Pine, Red Pine, Pitch Pine, Eastern White Pine, Scots Pine,
Loblolly Pine, Virginia Pine, Carolina Hemlock, cihte hi a, nisuahna lam ah nam
18 tak om hi.
Nitumna lam ahi California, Oregon, Washington
State dung suk tengah: Pacific Silver Fir, Bristlecone Fir, White Fir, Grand
Fir, Alpine Fir, Californian Red Fir, Noble Fir, Subalpine Larch, Western
Larch, Brewer’s Weeping Spruce, Engelmann’s Spruce, White Spruce, Black Spruce,
Colorado or Blue Spruce, Sitk Spruce, Whitebark Pine, Colorado Pine, Knobcone
Pine, Mexican Pinyon, Lodgepole Pine, Pinyon, Apache Pine, Limber Pine, Jeffrey
Pine, Sugar Pine, Intermountain Bristlecone Pine, Singleleaf Pinyon, Western
White Pine, Bishop Pine, Ponderosa Pine, Parry Pinyon, Monterey Pine, Digger
Pine, Southwestern White Pine, Torrey Pine, Bigcone Douglas Fir, Douglas Fir,
Western Hemlock, Mountain Hemlock cih akipan nitumna lamah nam 43 bang kikhen thuahthuah lai a, nisuahna lam a nam 18 tawh gawm leng nam 60
val bang hi zen hi. Redwood kici sing agol mahmah leh a khanto mahmahte akung
mam heha vive zong kimu thei hi.
Taaksing nam tuamtuam a theihsa nam tampi
hizahta lakah ei gam a po namkhatte koite taktak pawl hi ding hiam cih zong ka
gen cian thei meel kei mai hi. Kawl gamah amah leh amah a po nam khat khawng
bekmah ih gam ih lei ah ih nei a, hih lamah a sanna amun amual leh a khuahun
tawh kizui in taaksing nam tampi kimu thei hi. A honhon in aciing aciing in
etlawm takin po ngelhngalh hi. A kuamah peuh in pheng phuk hetlo in amah leh
amah in khangto sak ngilhngelh uh a, a gam a lei a guam a mual tawh etlawm sak
mahmah uhhi.
Tua lo siah, elevation 3,000 nuai a po
singkungte pen a khempeuh phial mahin a teh pulh nam vive mah hi a, a teh
pulhlo a om sunsunte pen amah leh amah a, a po hi peuhmah lo in akisuan tawm
vive ahihi. Ni suahna leh nitumna, leitung langkhat leh langkhat tuak ahih mah
bangin atunga kong gelh taak sing nam pawl khat leh gampa lopate lo buang ei
lamah akibat pih singkung a om hetlo zaw hi mai hi.
Ateh pulh namte pen nam tampi mah om a, ei nisuahna lam a po
singkungte khat zong tawh kibang lo hi. Walnut family sung a om singkung nam
tuamtuam, Beech family kici sung a oak tree nam tuamtuam, Rose family sung a
kihel a paak hoih thei mahmah leh a gah nei singkung nam, Willow family sung a
kihel singkung pawl khat leh Maple
family sungah lah singkung atehte a meel kikhelkhel singkung nam tampi adil
adil in na om phengphang lai mawk a, a tehpulh nam vive hi khin phial hi.
Atehte a pulh maa in ani ani in ameel
atuamtuam in hong kikheelkheel hi. Amasa in singgah min ding aa kithawi bangin
a tehte hong ang hiuhiau masa hi. Tua zawh ciangin hong puang hiuhiau hi. Tua
zawh teh aisan meel bangin hong eng sim deda hi. A sawtteh coffee meel bangin
hong dupsan silsial in etlawm mahmah hi. A singteh meel puak dan uh pen
singkung khat leh khat kibang kim hetlo a, a meel a tuamtuam kihelh bilbialin
galva gamlapi pan kigalmuh thei kawikawi hi. Pawl khatte hong ang phot aa, tua
zawh teh hong au in hong pulh lel hi. Pawl khatte a dum mel pan hong san
hiauhiau in tua zawh the coffee meel hong sun aa hong pulh hi.
Singkung khat tung bekbek ah a tehte a meel
kikheel dan kituak lo in ateh meel a tuamtuam pua thei lai mawk hi. Singkung
pawl khatte leuleu teh a kung bup in a tehte a ausan tawh a aukaan tawh a dup
san a, a eng lee-laa tawh November khasungin a meel tuamtuamin kikhen a muhna
peuh in ih mit hong la thei mahmah hi.
Tua zawhteh huih dam zong limh nunh thei
mahmah a singtehte ani ani in pulh cihtakin pulhpulh ta hi. Tua pen Fall or
Autumn kici hi. December kha sungin atehte pulh siang kiuhkeuh in akungkeu tawh
kibang linlian hi. Taaksing leh adang ateh pulh ngei lo singnam khatte lo
buang sing khempeuh ateh khat zong om lo in ahiang ka semsam vive bek kimu thei
hi.
Fall
landscape
Winter landscape
Tua sing hiang ka simsemte nuai a po lopate
zong dum sitset zo nawn lo in puangkan heuhau ta aa, kim leh paam akimu thei
gamkuam khempeuh a beisa kha thum hun sung tawh kibang nawn peuhmah lo hi. Tua
hun laitakin singkung lopa khempeuh a hing tawh kibang lo in sehnel tung aa
naupangte kimawlna singhiang keu kisuan tawm vive tawh kibang hi.
Vuuk zong a munmunah kia ta a, singkung lopa
khempeuh vuuk in tuamnelh thei zelzel hi. Tua bang hun ciangin mun khempeuh
vuuk in tuamcip ahih manin mun khempeuh kaang pheuphau khin aa pat puanbu tawh
kikhuh nelh ahih kei leh naupangte kimawlna vut kang pheuphau lak aa kisuan
tawm singkung vive tawh kibang hi.
Monaco Park Apartment aa ka om lai uh vuuk
kiat hun khat
Khua Lum Ciangin Singkungte Sel Kik
Mikang pau in Spring kici March kha pan May
kha sungah Phalbi hun hong bei hi. June – July – August sung pen khua khal hun
hi leuleu hi. Spring hun pan kipan in khua hong lum ciangin, atehpulh singkung
khempeuh hongsel din kithawi leuleu hi. Singkung pawl khatte a masa in akungbup
in hong paak ziaizuai hi. Akung bup in paak zeizai ahih manin paak meel a
tuamtuam, a san a kang, a naai eng cih bang bangin meel tamtuam tawh kihelh
dimdiam a et lawm pha mahmah leuleu hi.
Tua zawh teh ateh leh agah kitonin hong
selkhawm hong gah khawm hi. Pawl khatte leuleu teh ateh bekmah a selpah pawl
khat om leuleu hi. Spring hun pat sawng teng akipan Summer bei kuan dong
singkung lopa khempeuh dum sitset leh
nim dildial ki-thuah khawm aa, etlawm silsial mahmah hun ahihi.
US gam pen khua hun kikheel baih mahmah hi.
Kum khat leh kum khat zong kibang peuhmah lo hi. Atung a singkung te bang pen
March kha bei kuan ciang a, paak ding a kithawi a om patpat hangin, khua hong
lum baih peuh leh March kha laizang khawng in paak dingin hong kipan khin mawk
hi.
Hih hun sungah singkung lopa nim dildial dum
sitset aa etlawm mahmah hun hi tase leh,
April pan September kha ciang kha 6 hun sung pen pingpei/sumpei kipei
hun, huihsia guahsia nun hun leh zuk hunin kiciamteh hi. Tua hun sung tengah
“tornado prone areas” kici a tam vei pha deuh pingpeipi/sumpeipi kipei theihna
munte ah a nuai aa khuapi leh gamte kihel hi.
Cities:
States:
01.
Oklahoma City, OK 01. Kansas
02. Huntsville, AL 02. Oklahoma
03. Topeka, KS 03. Texas
04. Tulsa, OK 04. Alabama
05. Shreveport, LA 05. Nebraska
06. Nashville, TN 06. Arkansas
07. Wichita Falls, TX 07. Iowa
08. Wichita, KS 08. Louisiana
09. Birmingham, AL 09. Missouri
10. Lincoln, NE 10. Indiana
Ahih hangin a taktak ciangin khuahun zong
kum khat leh kum khat kibang kilkel lo in kikheelkheel niloh aa, gen kholh
theih taktakna om nawn lo mai hi. 2013 kum November 17 ni in Illinois, Indiana
leh Michigan state kim teng ah huihpi nak nun mahmahin, Washington, Illinois
sungteng bangah nasia nun mahmah in inn tampi a suksiat banah mihing zong 8 tak
si hi.
Ei Kawlgam tawh kileh bulh linlian pen, ei
lamah Summer pen ih gam a keu mahmah san laitak ahihi. Hi lamah Summer kici
June, July, August pen singkung lopa khem peuh hing sitset dum sitset a om hun
laitak leh guah lah a utlai peuh in zu hi. A khua hun pen eilam mah bangin a
sat mahmah hun ahih hangin agam uh keu gemgam cih om lo a,
singkung lopa khempeuh ahing sitset hun adum dildial hun laitak hi zaw kik
bilbel hi. Khuasung mun khempeuhah tui buakna ding a baihsa in kikoih khin hi.
Tua ahih ziakin innmai teng khempeuh leh lamdung khempeuh lopa hoihtakin kimeet
mai dikdek in eng dildial a lungnop huai mahmah hi.
Spring landscape
Summer Landscape
Khua Hun Zong Kilamdang Mahmah
Ih Kawlgamah Tuuk, Phalbi, Khuakhal (Rainy,
Cold, Summer) ci in khuahun thum bek ih nei a, khuahun a kikhen dan zong
kilangh sitset hi. Hi lamah Spring, Summer, Autumn or Fall, Winter ci in
khuahun nam li nei uhhi. Spring: March to May, Summer: June to August,
Autumn/Fall (Fall pen Americante kamzat dan hi a singteh kiat/pulh hun a
cihna mah hi pah ding hi.): September to November, Winter: December to February
ahi a, khuahun nam li tak om hi.
Rainy season a koih loh hangin guah bel zu
veve hi. A lim zuk ngialteh tam thei peuhmah solnawn hi. Ahi zongin guahzuk hun
cih tuan om meello in hih khuahun li sungah a utlai peuh in zu hi. A diakdiak
in Oregon State bangah Rainy season akoihloh hangin guah a tam ngial ciangin
kum khat in ni 300 guahzu hi tazen hi. Amau State ah a tamzaw ateh pulh ngei lo
taaksing nam tuamtuam bekbek po ta leuleu a, kum tawn kha tawn in agam uh nim
dildial den hi.
Mun khempeuhah huihpi guahpi uang phadiak
hi. Natural disaster kici, Hurricane, Typhoon, Tornado, Cyclone, Ice Storm,
Hail Storm, Snow Storm, Sand Storm, Dust Storm, Thunder Storm, Lightning,
Freezing Rain, Torrential Rain cihte akipan khuahun sia mahmah uang mahmah
phadiak a, Kawlgam bang a, pheek khat leh thopuan khat tawh do zawh ding bang
hi peuhmah pal lo hi. A lauhuai mahmah tornado pian hun pen kumsial in May to
September kha sungteng khawng hi phadiak hi. Hih hun sungah guah a zuk loh
ciangin sat cihtak in sa a, ko omna Tulsa bang ka tun zawh uh kum thum kum
(2011, July kha) sungin 117F dongdong sa mawk hi. Kawlgam khua hun pen hih lam
khua hun tawh tehkak leng nopcih tak mah a, a nuam ahihi.
Ahih hangin TV sungah khua hun tawh kisai
genna wheather channel a tuam vilvel in nei a, US gamsungbup khua hun a gen
kholhnate (weather forcast) pen kician law mahmah hi. Nipi khatsung a genkholh
pen kipelh hetlo takpi hi. A lauhuai huihsia guahsia a om hun ciangin sumpei/pingpei
om leh a nawknawkna ding munte TV channel khempeuh ah leh Radio sungah kul asak bangbangin genkhol in ahun a phatt in kihemsak khol
uhhi. Ih mobile phone sung na lengah “alarm” hong ging sak lai mawk uhhi.
Ka khualzinna ka tuntunna ah ka kim ka pam
teng ka muh kawmkawm ka et kawmkawm mah in khua ka ngaihsunsun hi. Agam uh
khangto lua kisa in gam khat khantohna ding a, akisam masa bulpi
(infra-structure) teng a akisapna mun tengah a kimin kicing piikpeek in bawl
khin zo uhhi. A kisam bulpite ka cih ciangin gentehna in ei tel pak dingin
mawtaw lampite nisuahna nitumna leh leilu leitaw zuan a kicingtak a, a ziik
khit piikpeek gaihnate ih gen nopna ahihi. Tua banah a kisapna munmunah
electric meivak tungsak bek tham lohin, anhuan nading bek hi lo, innsung lumsak
nading ahih kei leh a vot sak nading nadongin a kul bangbang in akisam zahzah
deih hunhun in kipia thei ziauziau lai mawk hi.
Tua a bawlsate uh akisiat leh a puahpuah ding
bek in sam hi. A kul nak leh a milip khanzia tawh kituak in a kulna sansan ah
akul bangbang in a hunlap in lambeh toto lailai ding uhhi. A taktak in ci leng
leitung panglang tuak ah a kiteng hi bek a, eimau kiang mahmah zong aa, sun leh
zan kikhel tangtang a hong taang ni leh khate’ nuai a nasem silbawlte mah ahi
uhhi. A mau mah tawh ih neihkhawm ni leh khate a tum hun in tum in a suah hun
in hong suak hi.
Ahi zongin atung a ka gensa amah bangin a
mau gam leh lei pen khantoh cihtak in khangto in ei nisuahna lam tawh tehkak
ding bang hi peuhmah lo hi. Mihing tektek a piang buang ei gam ei lei nisuahna
lam gamte bang hangin hi zahta in kizekai deuh se ahiam..? Khanglui lai in ih
pu ih pate’n Ni leh Kha siam cih kammal pen, gam hau gam nuamsate acihnopna in
a kilimzat mahmah bangmah in, amau hoh Ni leh Kha in siam tuam pha diak takpi
sese hi de hiam?.. ci in ka khuak sungah ngaihsutna tuamtuam hong phulkhia
daudau thei hi.
Kum Khat In Nih Vei A Nai (Ahun) Uh
Khinn
Kum
sialin nih veita a nai uh khinn hi. October bei kuan November kha ciangin
zingsang nai 7:00 AM in khua zing lai mawk hi. Tua ahih manin khuavak – nisuah
– nitum – khuamial hun tawh kituak dingin a hun uh kinungkin sak kik aa, nai
khat kinungkinsak hi. Tua mah bangin khua khal kipat nisau hong kipat March kha
ciangin ni tom lai aa, a nungkin sak pen nai khat mah manlang sak leuleu hi.
USA pen ei gam tawh tehna in equator saklam ah sangto zaw ahih manin ni tom hun
leh ni sau hun kilamdang lua zaw ahih man ahihi. (Gtn: 2013 kum in November ni
2 ni in nai 1 nungkin sak aa, 2014 March kha ni 9 ni a kipan, tua nungkin nai
khat pen nai 1 manlang – nai khat maikhin leuleu hi.)
Vuuk Kiatciang Kibuai Mahmah
Vuuk hongkiat ciangin zankhat thu in 0.5ft -
2ft bang sahin na kia thei a, vuuk ziikkhiatna sette tawh lampite a sun a zan
tenlo in vuuk nawtkhiatna sette tawh na nawkkhia man pahpah uhhi. Tua hi kei
leh sawtveipipi lampi ah mawtaw a pai thei lo ding ahihi. Tua ka cih pen ko
omna Oklahoma State sung agen ka hi a, Washington DC, New York khawng ah a
limkiat ngial ciangin 3ft - 4ft dongdong
sah mawk hi. US gam nisuahna lam tuipi gei dung teng ah (east coast) kumsialin
vuuk sah tak in kia pha diak hi.
Tua bang vuuk kiat hun ciangin vuukkiatna a
munmun ah vanleeng tualte vuuk in tuam nelh ahih manin, vanleeng tu thei lo in
a vuuk khempeuh a hepkhiat khit dikdek ciang bek in tu sak thei pan hi. Vuuk
pen a sahna tawh kizui in ahun laak kul a, ahi zongin amau gamah vuuk
nawtkhiatna sette (snow plow) tawh a sun a zanin nawtkhia pahpah ahih manin
vanleng tual pen sawt veipi kikhak lua cih omlo hi.
Vuukkiat khit ciangin temperature kah tuan
kei peuh leh tuisuak tuanlo in a nilkhiatsa vuukte lamgei ah kiciang euau hi.
Sawtveipi tuisuak kei leh a sawtteh khua alum hangin tuisuak thei nawn lo mawk
a, leitang mah bangin mawtaw tawh nawnin a pua lamah buakkhiat kul hi. Ahih
hangin US te pen ahauh mahmah bang mahin vuuk kiatkiatna ah sun tawh zan tawh
vuuk nilkhia uh a, akizang mahmah lam thupite sauveipi kikhak cih bang om khol
lo hi.
Nargis Cyclone huihpi hong nun lai in Yangon
a singpukte a hah siang kiuhkeuh zawh dong kha guk pan kum khat phial beek sawt
ding hi. Tua zong adiakdiakin Public Works leh Irrigation Deparment panin amau
set neih teng a mau nasep awl liang in akisepsak takteh akizo zo pan ahihi. Hih
lai ah tua bang zah mah a, ahahtaak vuukkiate theihloh kalkal in na hah khin
man pahpah hi. A vuuk guak bek pen naal khollo napi’n a vuuk tuisuak pen a
khalh kik ciangin mawtaw cih thadah mihing zong kipai theilo in naal mahmah hi.
Inn pawl khatte bang a mawtaw buk uh a paina neukha kham pian leh kah zo nawn
lo in lamgei khawngah zantam sak tengtang uhhi.
Guah kha khat sung phial a zuksangin vuuk in
lampi ni nih ni thum sung a tuamcip pen lampi kisia zaw hi. Guah bangzahta in a
zuk hangin a guahtui lamtungah kivung lo in luangkhia pahpah hi. Vuuk in ni
thum ni li lampi tung atuam ciangin anuai lamah a tuisuak masasa tuite apua
lamah luangkhia thei vat lo in a nuai lampi tungah tawmtawm in pailet in lutsuk
(seeping) ahih manin lampi tung a tuivung mah tawh kibanga, vuuk in lampi
siasak mahmah hi. Vuukte a tuisuak baihna dingin ci-al kibuak sawnsawn ahih
manin atuisuak masasa al lailai a, mawtaw lampi maitang pen oltak in sia sak zo
pha mahmah hi.
Khuahun In Mihing Lungsim Hong Kheelkheel
Kawl gam ah kum khat in khuahun thum ih nei
hi. Equator kim aa teengte in khua hun khat bek mah nei ci in ih ciamteh hi.
Kum khat sungin khuahun kikheelna a om loh mah bangin kim le pam singkung lopa
zong kikheelna meel om lo pah hi. Kim leh paam thaksuah ngei lo hi. Kim leh pam
a kikheel loh mah bangin, lungsim zong thaksuah ngei lo pah meek ding hi.
Hih nitumna lam ah kum khat in khuahun li
nei aa, khuahun kikheel sialsial in kim leh paam singkung lopate zong kikheel
pah lianlian hi. Khua dam lua, khua ul lua, huih sia guah sia a tam hun leh,
khua hun a nop mahmah hun cih bangin kikheel kawikawi hi. Tua khuahunte kikheel
huhau in ih thuakna leh ih muhna tawh kizui in ih ngaihsutna zong kikheel
kawikawi hi.
Tua ahih manin, laigelh siam la phuak siam
tektek ahih hangin, khuahun khat bek a nei gammite sangin, khuahun thum leh li
a nei, gammite ii laigelh leh laphuakte aa’ pen kicing zaw, thukbun zaw leh
zaknophuai zaw limlim dingin ka ngaihsun hi. Cihnopna ah tua bang aa laigelh
siam laigelh minthang, la phuak siam la sak siam a suah theihna dingin a khua
hun leh a kiim a paam in pahpih mahmah
hi a ci nuam ih hihi.
Tua bek tham lohin khuahunte huhau in,
leitungah laphuak minthang, laigelh minthang ih cihte hong piangkhia bek zong
hi lo in, tua khuahunte pan kidalkholh theih nadingin vanzat ding kisam
tuamtuamte hong phuang hong bawltawm (create/invent) thei pah uhhi. Khua hun
kilamdang mahmah leh khuahun siate kigin kidal nadingin ahunhun in kiging khol
uh ahih manin, a ngaihsutna sung uah kikhualkholhna lungsim vom den uhhi.
Mailam ah a piang thei ding thute ngaihsun in kiging sa in om uhhi.
Tua hi aa, a bangkim aa minthang a khangtote
limlim pen, a khuahun uh hangin a kiim a
pam akinak kheelkheelna, nitumna lam gamte mahah, a tam zaw hong piangkhia hi
ci in upna ka nei hi. Tua ahih manin, nisuahna lamte sangin nakpi tak a, a
khantoh zawkna uh zong a tuateng huhau hang’ mah ahi teelteel tam ci-in ka
ngaihsutna sungah hong phulkhia datdat hi.
America Te Mah Di’n Pha
Kawlgamah nuam akisa lo penpen mun khempeuh,
khuapi khempeuh ah meitha kicinglo in khuamial sung vive ah ki-om hi. Mei
kicing pikpek in pia zo hi leh sum nei sum hauta dingin akhangto gamte nuntak
dan zong enhluat ding ahi khin sam kei hi.
US ah ahih leh mei tawh kisai innkang
meikang leh huihpi guahpi suksiat ahih kei nak leh ka tunzawh meisia cih om
ngei nai lo hi. Amau lam pan vaii tuamtuam hang tawh minute khat minute nih mei
paisak lohna ding khat om leh ahun aphat in hong zasak tangtang masa uhhi.
Innkuan khat a om nak leh innbuk lobuk cih
neuseekna om tuan lo in mi omomna ah mei atun lohna omlo hi. A saapman a bill
piak ding akihtak manin a hon kei leh cihloh buang mi omna inn khempeuhah a lum
a vot piakna, tuikhal koihna, anhuanna stove, amah leh a mah a puansawpna,
dalkuang siikkeu sabuai teem sawpna ding, mei awina ding inn sim ah gas tawh
kithuah chimney, khut tawh kuangsilna, na khempeuh kicingtakin kikoih dimhdemh
hi. A zawng a hau, a za neu a za gol kibang hi. Hih kan a innsung nazat behlap
thuah ding om kasa nawn kei hi.
Kawl gamah 1970 khit a kilam Russian
Federation te embassy zumpi gei ah (nidang lai in Soviet Union ahih kei leh a
sau in USSR – United Soviet Socialist Republic kici) ka om ngei uh a, a mawtaw
te a pusuah leh a tum kik ciangin, a kong khakpi uh pen mihing hon kul lo in
agal pan honna (remote control)tawh a hon ziauziau uh pen lamdang kisa mahmah
hi. Tua bek mah akimu masa a kithei masa pen ahihi.
USA ah zum lianpipi leh store lianpipi a,
kong khakte cih thadah innsim ah a mawtaw buk honnate tangkhuasei in a na zang
khin pikpek na hi mawk uhhi. A inn gei uah electric mei (bulb) te bang a
kiangah ih tun bek ciang a, hong taang pan seisai vive kibulh hi.
Khuapi sung ahizongin khua neu khua ta
sungah ahi zongin akisapna khempeuhah inn khat peuhpeuh meikang patau tuak kha
leh a phelhna ding tuimuk (fire hydrant) mun khempeuhah kikoih khin dimdem hi.
Mei kat ciangin tuikhuk pan tui thun dihdih cih om lo in, tua tuimukte tawh
bulh pah in a hun lapin meiphelhte in phelh thei pah ziauziau hi.
Tua hi a, atung kong pulaak khiatsa innsung
khat a kisam vanzat khempeuh pen kicingtak a akoih dimdemte akipan thupi mahmah
ka sa a, Americate mah din kilawm kasa hi.
Ka Upmawh Zah Hi Lo
A hi zongin Kawlgam pek aa ka huat penpen
meikhuam tung a, meikhau leh telephone khau a kai neunau pen ka hua mahmah hi.
A khangto nai lo a hong kiciamteh ei lam Zangkong khuasung mun khatkhat
na-ngawn ah, meikhau kikhungte zang nawn lo in cable khau leisung ah kiphum in meikhuam omnana ah
kahto sak kik hi. Lamgei ah khaukai neunau omlo banah a sing a suang tawh
kisukkhak ding bangmah lungbuaina leh lauhuaina
om nawnlo hi. Hun khatteh Yangon khuasung buppi ah tua bang dan vive a zang
dingin zong ka upmawh gige khat ahihi.
Kei upthu mawkmawkah zong ka ngaihsun kholkha
ngei a, a khangto mahmah gamte ah leinuai vive ah meikhaute paisak ding ka sak
leh US ka tun ciangin khuasung tengah meikhuam vive mah na po ngelhngalh veve
hi. Tua meikhuamte tungah meikhau leh telephone khaute na kaisak neunau veve
hi.
Tua bek thamlohin a meikhuamte bang RCC
(Reinforced Cement Concrete) khuam ahih keh siikkhuam bangdan a, amuanhuai vive
fibre tawh kibawl khuam khawng zang inteh ka cih leh kei upmawhna bang ahi nuam
ei leh, taaksing ding aa kilawm singkhuam vive na zang zaw lai uhhi. A
singkhuamte pen upmawh sangin kum tampi akimang ding a, a bawl bel hi bilbel
leuleu hi.
Tua hi a, meikhuam leh meikhau pen ka
upmawhna sangin thupi kasa kei zaw hi. Khuasung hotel leh zum lianpite omna
lobuang akim a paam meitang ziaizuai tuan khollo hi. Lammei bang zong kicing
takin mun khempeuhah kivaak khin tuanlo a mun khatkhatte ah zing sim khialkhual
veve hi. Tua mahmah semm zong ka upmawh zah na hi taktak lo hi.
A innte a tam zaw meikhuk (chimney) omna
teng leh kisilna buk omna tengah 4.5 inches a sah leisek peuh tawh um
niangnuang uhhi. Adangteng sing vive tawh um uhhi. Pawlkhatte a kimkot pangteng
zong leisek tawh a um uh hangin 4.5 inches bek sahsak niangnuang bek a, taih
inn cih dingin cihtaak hetlo hi. Huihpi guahpi a dalna ding bek mah a, a pua
lam tungtham teng leisek a ciang uh ahihi. A inn bulcin (foundation) zong
kician meello in, muanhuai khollo hi. A khuam bulte leisung thukpi kito a
kiphut hilo a, singkuang bang a aki-nga a kibulh dan vive ahihi. A taktak a
umnate sing ka cih pong mawk hangin sing taktak zong hilo in sing tawh kibang
dia bawltawm vive ahihi. A sual dawh singmeel suunte bang zong singtaktak hilo
lailai hi.
A hih hangin a innlam dan uh pen a geel siam
in a zatdan a nuam theithei dingin bawl uhhi. A innlam dan uh zong ei a’tawh
kibang lo hi. A inn uh apua lam kawmpeek leh a sunglam deinate aman khit
phitphetteh atung khuh pan uhhi. Ei kiangah a khuam phut masa in tua zawhteh
liangzawl, kawmzawl, sualkal a manlang theithei in bulhin a tung ih khuh pah
cingteng hi.
Bangzahta in guah tam tase leh innsung pan
kilimzak meello in guahzuk lam zong kitheilo phial zah dongin a inn uh
bitsak hi. Ei lam a siikkangte inntung
khuhna dingin zang peuhmah lo uhhi. Bawngbuk sakolbuk khawng bek ah zang uhhi.
Guahzuk ciang a agin ngeih lo ding metal sheet ahih kei leh wood shingle vive
naak zat hi. Akhanglui innte ah kongkhak vang lian bawllo ahih manin a innsung
uh mei kihong kei leh khuavak tam ngah lo pawl khat om hi.
Bangbang ka cih hangin ei lam aa taih inn
sah mahmahte leh RCC kici siik tawn leh cement, suangsi, sehneel leh tui ih
gawm ciang aa a khauh mahmahte tawh a khuam ih phut leh a sual zawl (RCC
Girder) te tawh ka tuatna ka tehkakna hi bek aa, a mau lamh innte pen zinling
leh guahtui bangzah in zu ta leh a kho lo ding cih bel hi lo leuleu hi. Ahi
zongin Tornado kici sumpei hat mahmah ahi aa, huihpi 100 – 120 MPH bang in nung
zenzen leh a thuak zo ding akilam inn tawm mahmah ding hi. Tua bang a thuak zo
ding inn khat pen sum tampi tak bei kul a hih manin kua mah’n kilam kim zo
peuhmah lo ding hi leuleu hi.
Mikangte leh ei nisuahna lam ate khuavak ih
deih dan zong kibang peuhmah lo hi. Mikangte lamh inn a hih nak leh kisilna buk
leh maiphiatna santak tengah mei a taang mahmah lela dingin bawl uhhi. Ahih
hangin lengla khan ah ei lam bangin a taang theithei dingin bawl lo zaw mawk uhhi.
A meel tuamtuam tawh kikhuh sabuai tung aa ngak a hih kei leh sualtung aa, a saang
a ngiam deihzah aa koih theih ding meikhuat ih ci mai diam table lamp vive zang
zaw mawk uhhi. Ei lamah a taang mahmah (bright light) vive ih deih zaw aa,
nitumna lam a te in, a taang milmial (dim light) vive deih zaw uhhi. Tua huhau
mah a hi tam.. ni taang sesa hun bang ciangin a mit un thuaklah pha diakin mitlimlang
vom vive a tam zaw in bulh pah tek mawk uhhi.
Ahuang umnate zong a tamzaw in sing vive
tawh um uhhi. Ahuang umnate pen taaksing vive hi leh kilawm zaw lai a, ahih
hangin seasoning a bawl kawmin chemical khat peuh tawh gawmkhawm hamtang ahi
tam.. muat baih tuak peuhmah het lo leuleu hi.
Tua dai umna tawh kisai in Americante buang din ka ngaihsut kholhna
sangin gina ka sa het kei zaw tham hi. A tamzaw in leisek ahih kei leh suangsek
vive mah ciang linlian dingin ka upmawh hi a, tua bang na hi hethet lo leuleu hi.
Ka inn gei lampi ah furlong khat zong a sau
lo ding lampi hong bawl uh a, Kawlte pau leh nylon kattaya hong phah uhhi. A
nasepna ding uh a kisam set leh vanzat (equipment) te kicing mahmah napi'n
bangteng hang ahi tam, a sep uh sangin a khawl ni uh tamzaw in man zok thei
mahmah lo hi. Ka innkuanpihte kiangah America ah Kawlgam bang a, a sing a suang
akisap loh banah a sepna ding uh a set a bang kicing mahmah napi’n sawt vei sem
sa lua ing. Yangon City Development Committee (YCDC) te zong sang’ zekai zaw
lai sa ing kaci hi.
A nasemte pen a uk lamah mikangte kihelin a
sem taktakah Mexican te vive tam a mivomte tawmciik bek mah kihel hi. Pawl
khatten hong genna ah nitha tawh sem ahih manin a sawt theithei dia cilbawl a
sem hinteh a ci zong lah om in khatkhatte’ leuleu in a nasep zawhsa uh a siate
in en photin hoih hi acih bekteh sem pai suak thei bek hi aci zong om hi.
Bangbang ahi zongin Americate buang dingin tua zong zekai lua deuh peuhmah kasa
hi.
Adang khat leuleu ah inn pan cina khat peuh
gim mahmah in emergency takpi mahin a nuntakna a bei ding leh agim a thuakluat
ding lung patau lunghimawh in zato kilak leh zato a tun ciangin siavuan
siamate’n don vat hetlo in a ngeina mah bangin a min sazian akisam teng dong
phot bawl phot phitphet in cina pen nai lang pan nai khat sung bang kiveel
vetlo in ki-hici koih phot tadih hi.
Hih thu tawh kisai pen eimite tuah mun
mahmah thu ahihi. Tua mun santak ah USA buang dingin deih bang saisai ka sa kei
hi. Ahi zongin a sum a paai bei ding lunghimawh lo in 911 samin cina pua
ambulance te tawh ahih leh bel thakhat thu in bawl in don pah uhhi.
Tua mahmah zong First Aid tawh kisai hi ding
a, old patient a natna a theihsate lobuang test bawl huaiteng gtn. Sii etna
(blood test) khawng zun etna (urine test) khawng bawl masa phot a, acina sak
lungnote amuh photloh in upmawh sansat bek tawh zatui zaha pia pahpah lo zaw
uhhi. Siavuante’tungah zong thu kibawlthei ahih manin a natna lungno ciantheih
photloh in upmawh thu tawh zatui piak ding seh mawkmawk masa ngam lo uhhi.
Ka innsaapna huang uh leisek tawh ki-um pen,
abul kip lo kho lo in kicim ding a kithawi pen phelkhia kikin a thak hong bawl
uhhi. Leisek hong cian ciangin a motar zatte a tha khauh tuak khol hetlo hi. Kawlgamah
kumpi sung a, cement ka zatdan uh pen Mangkangte ciangtansa (British Standard)
vive tawh kituat a kizang hi a, amuanhuai mahmah akician mahmah na hi mawk hi.
Britishte in a sem abawlte gitnat loh ding leh bilatmi hoihna (cement quality)
khawng deihzah a bat loh khak ding kigin kholhna tawh tampi tak a val in a
muanhuaina zah ding (safety factor) tawh kisai in akul zah ding bek sangin a muanhuai zaw tham
in na bawl uh a, kician mahmah uhhi. Thu maan thu tang tawh kisem peuh leh
Kawlgamah Public Works te in muanhuai in teh ci aa a khuam a zawl a sahna a
golna a sehnate (structural design) pen a muanhuai thei mahmah na hi kik bilbel
hi.
Ka Iplah Mahmah Inn Lam Nang Akisam
Van Bawlna
USA ah a inn lam dan uh pen ei lam aa bizu,
singkuang bawldan in bawl lel uhhi. Inn dawl khat dawlnih cih thadah dawl 10-20
cih khawngte zong Kawlgam danin a khuamte leisung thukpipi tawh kulsak lo in,
mat foundation akici pheek bangin concrete a sahpi in bawl uh aa, tua tungah
innkhuam dingin setzung pan aa a kibawlsa siikkhuam (steel column)te bulh
ziauziau hi. A umna a sual ding leh kongkhakpi kongkhak neute leh awngbuk leh
kisil bukte lah bulh ziauziau ding vive in kibawl hi.
America ah mihing nitha man tam mahmah ahih
manin, inn khat lam leng a van man zah mah a sep man bei mawk uhhi. Tua ahih
manin “Do It Yourself” ci in ei leh ei aa sep theih ding zon tawm theih dingin
laibu bawl zihziah hi. Tua banah inn lam nading vanzuakna companyte in mi
khempeuh lettama pilna a siam tek nadingin training pia tangtang uhhi. Lettama
hong tam semsem ciangin a mau leh amau in a sep theih tek ciangin a van uh a
lei ding hong tam semsem uh a, a van khotna ding a vaihawmhawm uh na hi gige
uhhi.
Tuate pen ih deih bangbang kivaikhak thei
kilei thei hi. Tuate khempeuh setzung (factory) pan kibawl hi in Home Depot leh
LOWE Company kici saite ah kizuak euau hi. Ei Kawlgamah tua bang inn van
(building material) kibawl thei hi leh ei gam ei lei tawh kituak zaw mahmah kan
lai in nasep zong maliau mahmah kan zaw lai ding hi. Amau gam tawh tehkakna in
ei gam pen khua hun sia luat hun om lo banah zinlinna zong a khauh lua om lo
hi. Ei gam aa ih inn lamzia pen a kul zah ding sangin a muanhuai zaw mahmah na
hi gige hi.
USA ah huang umna tawh kisai a sum bei ding
cihna ahi zaw diam, ahih kei leh mawtaw khat peuh in taihkha thah leh kho tak a
leisek tawh kiciang huang tawh akitatngawh zawk khak ding (impact &
collision) a khauh luat ding adalna hoh ahi zaw tam..9”sah bang a leisek
akician venvan hangin, mawtaw khat peuh in nawkkha leh akicim ziahziah dingin
bawl mawk uhhi. A mortar zatte kip hetlo hi. Adeihna khat teitei omin ka um hi.
Van tuamtuam zuakna sumbuk sai lianpi (mall)
ah ka pai ciangin phalbi lai bangin khe tawh lam paina kawm ci in nai khat nai nih
sung phialphial bang ka vak kawikawi a, lei ding a sawm lopi mah in van kizuak
teng ka gual et (window shopping) kawikawi hi. Puansilh nikten akipan a neng a
tawng na dongin Sen gam pan akibawl vive ahihi. Puansilh pawl khatte
Bangladesh, India, Vietnam cih khawng zong om kawikawi hi. Mipite lei zawh ding
a kizuakte ngaihsut zahin hoih lua khollo hi. Ahi zongin atam man mahmahte
leizo leng ahoih mahmah bel a om lua zen hi leuleu hi.
Mang La Hoih Ih Sakte Kitam Zuak Lo
Music tawh kisai lasiam minthangte CD, DVD
kizuaknate ka muh ciangin en lo in ka om thei kei hi. Kei tangval lai leh 1970
khit aa ei Kawlgam lam a lasiam leh minthang ih sak Conway Twitty, Jim Reeves,
Lobo, Dawn, The Seekers, The Searchers, Peter & Gordon, The Archies,
Rolling Stones, Smokie, ABBA (Sweden), Boney M, Connie Francis, Skeeter Davis,
Paul Anka, Bobby Vee, John Denver, Johny Tillotson, Frankie Avalon, Ricky
Nelson, Daniel Boone, Pat Boone, Cliff Richard, Deep Purple, CCR (Creedence
Clearwater Revival), Carpenters, cih a kipan Asia leh Europe sung aa minthang
mahmah Denmarkte MLTR (Michael Learns To Rock) cihte pawl ka tam muh meel kei
hi.
Amau kiangah State khatsung tekah zong
lasiam tam mahmah lel uh a, tuate lasak vive ih zak ngei kholloh vive na tam
hi. Amau State sung a lasa siamte tawh a na lungkim hithiat lel ngeel zong
tampi tak mah om a hih manin, Kawlgam a hoih ih sak te pawl pen hi lamah na
kiphawk khol lo zanzan thei lai uhhi. Tua banah a mau leh amau akithupisak
luatna zong a hi kha kei tam ka ci simsim hi.
Tu lai khangte’ bel ka tam theih nawn vet
kei hi. Elvis Presley, Don William, Madonna leh The Beatles bel na kizuak
bilbel lai hi. John Denver zong na kizuak neknek hi. Jim Reeves bang peuhmah
thei ngei lo na hiam ko gam Burma ah kideih mahmah hi cia kei khan gual ding
khat ka dot leh na thei pah lian a, a late hoih thei mahmah hi a aw khum (sweet
voice) ngiat hi ci zaw lai hi.
Tua zong hi lamah CD, DVD, a kicingtakin om
in teh ka cih simsim leh ngaihsut na bang hetlo in ih Kawlgam khawngah gam
tuamtuam pan Mangla hoihnono a namnam in akicing zaw na hi gige hi. Vintage
kici CD, VCD, DVD saite ah zong a lui tampi tak mah kizuak euau napi’n a van
taktak in kicing zo tuan lo mawk hi. A taktak leitung bup a minthang mahmahte bek
mah ei kiang hong tung na hi gige a la hoih nono vive a kingah zaw hi behlap
hi. Ahih hangin online pan in ih deih bangbang kivaikhak thei bek thamloh in
lasiam minthangte la akim phial mah in na om veve sam hi.
Ka Upmawh Sang’ Tampi Tak In Thupi Zaw
US ah
adang tampite lakah ei mit muh theih ding, thupi ka sak penpen a mawtaw lampite
ahihi. American Association of Highway Officials (AASHO) te in 1924 kumin a
gambup ah mawtaw lampi a ziik huaina teng geel khol in November 11, 1926
ciangin sep ding in hoihmah hi cih thukimna nei uhhi. Tua tawh hong pai toto in
kum 1938 ciangin US President khempeuh lak a, galpi huhau a kitelna om thei lo
ahih ziak a, term thumsung (kum 12 sung) a sem 32nd President
Franklin Delano Roosevelt (1933-1945) in super-highways lampi 8 ziik dingin
vaihawm kholhna nei hi.
Tua a vaihawm kholhnate tawh kisai Bureau of
Public Roads (BPR) sung pan Division of Information chief Herbert S Fairbank in
abeisa lai a, mipil misiamte in akhang akhang a akituatsate leh a sazian
khempeuh sutuah leemtuah in a ziik huai mawtaw lampite khempeuh hoihtak
phatakin bawlpha thuahthuah a, hong kicing semsemin tua pen a sawt ciangin
Interstate Highways hong piancilna leh taktunna hong suaksak hi.
Tua zawhteh kizomtoto in 34th
President Dwight David Eisenhower (1953-1961) hong khan ciangin, akum akumin a
nasepna a geelnate uh hong picing semsem hi. Dwight D Eisenhower pen 1919 kum
pek galkap sung a, a om lai in America gamsung bup ah khualzin kawikawi ngeisa
ahihna tawh kituakin, mawtaw lampi akisapna dan amuhna hong zaizaw semsem in
khua ngaihsun thei toto hi.
Gamsung state khat leh khat kikawmna ding
banah gamdang pan galte in hong sim leh kidalna ding leh do kikna ding lampi
akulnana ah vang leh hoihsa hi. A tawm pen State khat leh khat kikawm mengmeng
theih nang’ vaihawm hi. Kum 1956 June 29, ni in National Interstate and Defense
Highways Act kipsak hi. Tua zawh akipan khawlnga cih omlo in amau mun santak
tekah lampi hongziik ziahziah uh a, USA gambup lampi paina pen maimom kua mahmah
bangin kikan phengphang hi. Kum 2006 kum ciangciang tarred road or paved road
kigawm a sauna 6.1 million miles ziik khin bawl khin zo uh hi.
Lampi abupi in nam thumin khen hi. Akhatna:
Asau in amin Interstate Higway System, ahih kei leh olno takin Interstate Expressways/Freeways
ci in min guan uhhi. Tua lampite pen Federal Government kici Central Government
in tavuan la hi. Central Government ii tavuan lak pen lampi vekpi ii 4.3% hi a
48,876 miles pha hi. A nihna:- Amau gamciat aa khua khat leh khua khat kikawmna
ding aa kiziik lampite hi aa State
Government in tavuan la hi. Tua alaak pen a lambup vekpi sauna ii 20.5% hi in
3,933,985 miles pha hi. A thumna:- A tung aa lampite losiah a dangteng
khempeuhte pen local government kici (village, town, city, county) te sum tawh
kibawl kiziik vive ahihi. Tuate pen khua khat leh khua khat kikawmna, lo lam
kuanna, khuasungteng leh amau tenna gamsung ciat ah a ziikte uh ahihi.
Eite’ theih pak dingah lampi nisuahna leh
nitumna kikawmna lampi te pen nambat kopcingin pia hi. Gtn: I-44, I-40, I-66, I-244 leh leilu leitaw
kawmna lampite leuleu ciangin a kopsam vive zang uhhi. Gentehna: I-1, I-35,
I-45, I-75 etc. Tua lo amau gamke (state) sung tekah lampi a tuamtuam om a
lampi nambat guan in a ut zah mah tampi tak om hi.
Ka tun tungg lamin eimite khat peuh gen ka
za ngei a, USA ah mawtaw lampite a khempeuhin kikhuang thei hi leh thangvan a
taang tung solkha tungah tungg zo ding ci hi. Ka tuat ciangin tungg bek thamlo
in khengval lua kisa in vialtampi tungg beh lai hi. Leitung leh kha pen akinaii
mahmah ciangin 225,622 miles kigamla a, akihal mahmah laitakin 252,088 miles
kigamla hi. Average akigamlatna 238,855 miles hi a, a diameter te zong tuat
nawn tase keileng, US gambup lampi sauna vekpi 6,100,000 miles sau ci leng vial
25 veitak hi zaw lai hi.
Tua hi a, hunkhat lai President Dwight D
Eisenhower sepsung (1953-1961) in Soviet Union Chairman pipa Nikita Khruchev US
va hawh ngei a, tua hun lai pekpek in thupi a sak mahmah pen US te mawtaw lampi
mah nasia sa in lamdangsa mahmah hi, ci in kigen hi. Tua zawh zong khawl tuanlo
a, a septoh ngelhngelh uh ahih ciangin, a mawtaw lampi ziikzawh dan pen leitung
gam khempeuh lakah kuamah gam in a phak ding haksa mahmah lai in ka umhi. Gam
khat cih thadah akhang to mahmah kici, Europe gambup in zong pha zo ngei hetlo
maitak ding hi.
Beltway
A mawtaw lamzawi totsaknate pen tuahna peuhah cih bang aa ngaihsun masa lo aa,
a mawk ziik kawikawi hi peuhmah lo lai in khuapi sung a tun ciangin beltway
kici, a khuasungte a manlang theithei a, freeway pan a pusuah theih ziauziau nading
ahi zongin local road pan a lammat theih ziauziau dingin ahi zongin, freeway
(express way) a tawm pen khat leh nih kimvelsak hamtang hi. Gentehna in
Washington DC bangah Capital Beltway ci in I-495 leh I-395 tawh kimvel sak hi.
Tua bangmah in a dang US khuapi sim ah beltway kici khuapi sung kimkot sakin
freeway lampi omsak hi.
Khuapi sung nawkna mawtaw tam mahmahna
freeway munte ah alang leh a lang tuak ah mawtaw maikim a pai theihna ding zing
5 pan zing 6-7-8 dongdong om a, avei lam nawl penpen ah “Only Pool Car” ahih
kei leh HOV ci in atuamin zing khat bawl tuam uhhi. HOV acih pen “High Occupant
Vehicle” a cihna hi a, mawtaw khat tungah khat sang a tam zaw a tuangte acihna
ahihi. Mi khat ii vaii sangin mi nih mi thumte vaii thupi zaw ding ahih manin,
a manlang nuamte pai theihna ding bek a kibawl hi a, mawtaw hawl khat bek
tuannate kitawn sak lo hi.
Atlanta
khuasung ‘ Freeway ‘ Lampi tungah
Local kici khuasung a lampite pan kipai leh
naii zong naii zaw tham napi’n traffic
light hangin ahun tam bei zaw hi. Datsi zong tam bei zaw hi. Tua bek thamlohin
zum kah zum tuah hunah mawtaw kigaklua den ahih manin sawtvei pipi kingak kul
a, zingsang tungg leh zankim zan khang in kitawn leh bel phamawh lo hi. Mawtaw
akigakluat hun ciangin khuasung mun khat leh mun khat kawmna ah traffic light
omlo freeway te tawnin a pai nopna san tek ah lam pialkhia in pusuak (exit)
ahih kei leh sungtum pahpah uh a kitung
baih zaw tham hi.
Lampite A Kawi Zia Leh A Zai Zia ( Geometric
Design)
USA ah khua khat leh khua khat van nawnna
ding ahi zongin khualzin gamvakte ahi zongin meileeng ki-limzat naii peuhmah lo
hi. Khua khat leh khua khat van nawnna dingin meileeng sangin container truck
kici, single body sauna 48’te highway khempeuh ah a dim a ha in vannawn in tai
nainai hi. A diakdiak in Walmart, Reasors, Wallgreen cih akipan Mall kici
vanzuakna a tuamtuamte van laakna in kizang pen hi. Mite pen a tam zaw vanleeng
leh a mau mawtaw ciat tawh khual zin zaw uh aa, bus car tawh khualzin pen
mivomte leh mikang a zawng daipamte bek mah in zui aa kitawm mahmah lai hi.
Oklahoma State Pan California paina I-40
dungteng mun khat aa kizaih hi. Lam tawntungah lamkanna leii/ lam kipaihpelhna
leii (overhead bridge/ overpass bridge) om tan viuveu hi Photo by; AZPau ( Dec
27, 2012)
Container
Trucks
A tung aa van nawnna container truck kici
mawtaw saupite pen single bodyte a hih leh a tam zaw 48’ sau aa, a dang pawl
khatkhatte (48’+28’), (48’+48’), (28’+28’+28’) cih bangin body akisam bangin
kipeh kizom sakin, van a nawnnawn zong om hi. Tua banah truck neu zaw hiat V-8
te bangin a nungah a kaih ding (trailer) tawh kizom pahpah a, a mawtaw buppi
sauna pen container truckte zah mahin a tawm pen 28’ vive sau hi. Tuate
khempeuh a kawi a maam a, a pai theih nading a, mawtaw lampi kibawl ahih manin
a lampite zaidan leh kawi dan dingte, hoihtak pha tak engineer/designer te’
tuatsa dildel bang a kiziik kibawl vive ahihi.
Mawtaw Tam Cihtak In Tam
US gamsung ka khualzin ni loh lai aa, ka
ngaihsut giugiau lamdang ka sak mahmah khat zong bang ahiam cih leh.. mawtaw a
tam dan ahihi. Ka paina freeway khempeuhah sun khuavak zan khawvak in mawtaw
akuan a ciah tatsat mahmah lo hi. Lam khempeuhah tua bang dan vive ahihi.
Lampi ah mawtaw a tam mah ding ahihi,
banghang hiam cih leh akisit tel ciangin Americante a khua tui ah 40% bek om in
tua lo 60% pen gamsung gampua ah khualzin in nitum uh ci hi. Khangham piteek
puteek zawhiatte vanleeng tawh khualzin in khangno piante pen mawtaw vive tawh
khualzin hi. Mawtaw pai ziahziahte a tuang nih kan tuang lo hi. Bicycle zat a
zang uh hi a khat vive bek a tuang ahihi.
Khua tawh kinaii ciang in hongtam semsem in
miiksi kuagei mah tawh kibang hi. Tua kawmkal ah zum citeng, vanzuakna mall,
zato leh adang mawtaw khawlna (car parking) innpua leh innsung (indoor &
outdoor parking) tengah mawtaw dim mitmet hi. Tua banah a inntekah mawtaw a
tawm pen khat leh nih om cingteng lai mawk hi. Mawtaw zuakna sai ah a thak
bekbek zuakna ahi a, alui zuakna ah ahi zongin mawtaw adim a ha in om minmen lai
mawk hi.
Tua hi a, mawtaw ahauh dan pen kigen thei lo
hi. 2007 kum a sazian om bang hi leh USA ah motor vehicles 247 million tak
omhi. Tua lakah 136 million cars, 110 million trucks, 1 million buses ahihi.
Tua mawtaw teng khat leh khat 20ft–50 ft kihalin equator dungzui in leitung
kimkot leh mawtaw vekpi sauna 3.9 million miles sau ding a,
I-40 (Inter-state Free Way No 40 Photo: by;
AZPau – December 27, 2012 )
I – 40 Lamdung - Photo by AZPau December 27,
2012
leitung
kimkot sauna a sau penpenna munah teh leng 24900 miles sau a, mawtawte pen vial
157 bang kithuap lai ding ahihi.
I – 40 lamdung mun khatkhatah vuuk kia in
lamdung tengah vuuk na kang pheuphau hi
Photo;
By AZPau December 28, 2012
Kician theih khol kei na ven mawtawte zat
bekbek nikhat in 378 million gallons bang ahihi. Tua hi a, kei mit a ka muh
pakin US te pen mawtaw hauh acih in hau in datsi, diesel lah zat acih in zang
hi. Ka upmawh sangin tampi takin mawtaw na hau zaw tham uhhi.
A lampite lah nisuahna leh nitumna, saklam
khang lamah manawhin a zingzing in kikhenin nga benna ngen kiphan bangin kikan
phengphangin mawtaw pai nading aa theihsa lampi tam mahmah napi’n, tua lampite
tungah mawtaw a dimin pai khin mawk ahih manin, a sawt lo in express highways/free
ways na lengah mawtaw kigak (jammed) mahmah ta ding hi.
Mawtaw khatta mi khat bek in a zang ahih
manin a sawt het lo in lampi teng mawtaw dimta ding hi. A sawtteh bus service
tampi a koih kul ding hi. Tu laitak in a meilengte a zat dan uh pen khual gamla
mahmah kikal vannawnna vanpuakna bek takpi in zang hi. A meilengte lah wagon
(atuai) za pan za nih za thum val phialphial na-ngawn mah a kizomsak hi a, sau
thei lua peuhmah hi. A khawlnop ciang aa a brake zawh zah ding tawh kituakin a
wagon phazah a ciangtan uh ahihi. Tuate a kai dingin meileng setlu kul asak
bangin lu nih leh lu thum cih bangin kaisak/sawn hi.
The San Diego Freeway (north bound)
approaching Ventura Blvd, CA
Photo by AZPau (November 5, 2008)
Los Angeles khuasung mun khat Photo by AZPau
(December 31, 2012)
JUDGE HARRY PREGERSON INTERCHANGE:
L.A., Calif.
Mawtaw tam mahmahna Lamkabom ah mawtaw
akikhol loh nading in hih bangin a dawldawlin lampi or leii dawh in khen khia
uhhi.Leitung ah a lamdang penpen lamka bom hi. ( The Craziest Intersection in
the World)
Tu zo kum 50 - 60 ma peuhmah in meileng vive
tawh van nawn ding leh mihonpite kikawmna ding mipua meileeng tampi zat theihna
ding meileng leh meileng lampi a kibawlkholh kei leh lampi dungteng leh a
innteng a khua sung tengah mawtaw dim mitmet takpi ding hi.
US Gam Mite Hauh Dan leh Nopsak Dan
A sum a paai a hau bek hi lo in ngaihsut
zong siam ka sa mahmah hi. Khualzinna peuhah ahih kei leh zan tampipi tamna
camping paina ah, a utna peuh ah lup theih ziauziau kawikawi na dingin ‘campers’
kici in inn khat a kisam teng mah thuah in peinei inn bawl uh a, lei ding ahi
aa kawm ding ahi zongin a baihsa in kikoih zihziah hi. Nupa khat ai, nupa khat
leh ta nih ta thum tawh ahi zongin ami phazah zui in a kisam bangin deih
bangbang a lian a neu ki-ngah hi.
Tuate pen US te’n truck a cih uh double cab
ahih kei leh extra cab te tawh kai uhhi. A inn a lian a neu tawh kizui in V6/V8
te zang uhhi. Tua banah bualtui a hih kei leh gundung khawngah a zat dingin set
tawh kithuah (speed boat)te a neu a lian lei ding ahih kei leh kawm ding om
euau aa, tuate mawtaw tawh kai a hih kei leh mawtaw tungah pua uh in khualzin
ziauziau uhhi. Picnic paina vacation kici lungnop tawldamna ding aa khualzinna
ah kizang hi. Inn leh huang tawh kithuah mi citheite veeng kiim ah va pai leng,
mawtaw peinei inn nono leh set tawh kithuah gunkuang cih khawng innhuang sungah
kikoih lemlam hi.
Vanleng A Hauh Dan
Vanleng pen a bawl masak
lai in a muk ah a engine koih a tua tawh pangka (propeller) koih hi. Tua zawh
ciangin a kha ah koih uhhi. Tu hun leuleu ciangin a mei lamah koih ta leuleu
uhhi. Vanleng engine zong ei mi menmente teltheih vat ding ahi lo, Radial
Engine, Rotary Engine, Turbine powered Engine, Jet Engine, Rocket Engine,
Wankel Engine, Precooled jet Engine, Electric Engine cih bangin a tuamtuam bawl
khin tham uhhi. Tu laitak aa ih zat vanleengte hun khat sung zat kul sa hi kei
leh Pacific tuipi nai 13 val bang a sawt pen nai 3- 4- 5 a sawt bek dingin bawl
thei khin mahmah lel ding hi. Electric Engine tawh a leng a cihte pen tu laitak
aa gal sung a a hawl om lo a a lensak gal vanleengte pen electric power tawh a
lengleng ding a, a bawl ahihi.
A muk a engine kikoih vanlengte
Hih Atlanta International Airport pen USA
bek hi lo in leitung bupah vanleeng a tam penpen tukna leh lenkhiatna ahih mah
bangin vanleeng tuang mihing zong a tam penna vanleeng tual ahihi. Leitung bup
khualzinna a kizang vanleengte leh US gam sung teng bek aa khualzinte zat dingin,
vanleng tungah kahna leh tuahna kongpi gate 207 tak nei hi. Ni khat in tua
vanleeng tukna a nawk mi 260,000 sangin tam zaw aa, a tu leh a leengkhia
(flights) kigawm 950,119 tak pha hi. .
Hih flights awn khat dektak a pha ih cih
lakah gamdang pan a hong tu tam lo in hih USA sung pan aa gam sung teng
khualzinte puak kawikawi na aa kizang vanleeng vive hi zaw hi.
Tua bek tham lohin leitung bup vanleeng tu a
tam pen 10 lakah, Atlanta, Chicago, Los Angeles, leh Dallas khuapite kihel
lailai ahih manin America ah vanleeng a tam dan ding kisansat thei pah hi.
Airbus
A380
Leitung aa mi pua vanleeng a lian penpenhi a, mi 525 ciang pua thei hi. A vaii a zai
theithei in kibawl banah atung aa tuangt’e tutna dingin dawl nih kibawl hi. Jet
engine 4 kibulh hi. January 2014 ciangciang akivaikhak sa 304 hi aa, tua lakah
123 kipia khin zo pan hi. Emerates te vaikhak bekbek pen 140 tak ahihi. Tua
vanleeng pen France, UK, Germany leh Spainte kipawl aa, a bawl uhhi. A bawl
company pen Airbus te’ mah hi pah aa France gam sungah a phualpi koih uhhii
Engine
a mei lam a kikoih Macdonnell Doughlas MD - 80
Leitung ah vanleeng tam a tukna penpen Atlanta
International Airport (USA)
World Trade Center vanleeng nih in a nawk
hun laitakin (9/11), US vantungah vanleeng vekpi kigawm 6000 bang a leeng
laitakin om hi ci uhhi. Kum 2000 kum a sazian bawlna ah Air Carrier kici
passenger pua vanleeng vekpi 8055 nei uhhi. General Aviation ci in vantung aa,
a lengthei khempeuh helicopter leh khat leh nih bek tuanna vanleeng neute na
dongin a sim uh ciangin 217,533 nei uhhi. Galkap vanleeng (Millitary Flight)
tawh kigawm May 17, 2007 ni in USA gamsung bekbek ah hun khatin vantungah
vanleeng 8000 pan 13000 a leeng laitak hi ding hi ci uhhi. Kum 2005 kum
ciangciang vanleng tukna tualpi 14,801 nei khin uhhi.
Thu dang khatah February 20, 2008 ni in
nikhat in 40,000 flights om hi ci hi. Flight khat pen khua khat pan khua khat a
kawmna pen flight khat hi pah hi. Vanleeng khat khat vei a len khiat (take-off)
leh a tuk kik (landing) kikal pen flight khat a sim pah ahihi. Gentehna in LA
pan Chicago direct a len leh gamla mahmah ahih hangin flight khat bek mahin
kisim hi. Tulsa pan Oklahoma city zong anai mahmah hangin flight khat mah
ahihi. Tua banah vanlengte a bawl zawh a zat aa kipan bang tan vei kimang
suaksuak ding cih pen vantung aa, a len hun sawt(flight hour) tawh kituat lo
zaw in, vanleng a lenkhiat leh a tuk (take off and landing) bangzah vei pha ta
cih tawh ciaptehna leh zathuai nawn lo cih khensatna nei zaw uhhi.
Atung a ih pulaaksa mah bangin vanlengte en
gige leng a muk dawn aa engine kikoih, a kha tung a engine kikoih leh a meidawn
lam a engine kikoih nam thum om hi. Helicoter te leuleu teh a pum laizang tung
san takah a phei lam a propeller (pangka) kipei ding in kikoih hi.
Vanleng a bawl masak lai in a muk vive ah
koih hi. A sawtsawt ciangin a kha tungah koih hi. Airbus –A 380te bang inh a kha tungah engine
4 tak koih in a vanleng tungah mi a tam theithei tuanna dingin dawl nih in bawl
uhhi. Boeing 787 Dreamliner leuleu ciang in a kha gel tuakah engine gol mahmah
khat koih in passenger tampi tuanna dingin a dung sausak diadua uhhi. Koi
muanhuai zaw cih ih thei kei hi. Nung lam ciang aa kizang ding vanleng a
manlang te ah a engine pen a mei lam vive a kikoih tam zaw meek hi.
Mai lamah vantung kawhawm paina (spacecraft)
bek hi lo in, leitungbup gam khat leh gam khat kikawmna mi pua valeengte na
dongin khual gamla mahmahte ah, a manlang theithei ding deihna tawh jet engine
munah rocket engine zat dingin zong gelna kinei khin zo hi. Tua hi leh Pacific
leh Atlantic tuipite bang hun tomno sungin
kikantan zo ta ding hi.. kici hi.
Kua
mah in akician in vanleeng khempeuh a gol a neu sazian leh a sia a hoihlai
akicingin ki-ngah kim zo lo a, a maan taktak kithei khin zo sam lo in upmawh
sansat vive zong ahihi. Ahih hangin leitung bupah vanleng Boeing 737 te’ a
vanleeng nei companyte’n limtak a tuat uh ciangin banghun banghun hi leh
vantung a leng 1,554 pha a, 4.9 seconds sungin khat lengkhia ahih kei leh khat
tu lian hi ci hi. Tua pen leitung bupah 737 Boeing vanleengte bek acihna ahihi.
Bangbang ahi zongin migam mileite hauhdan pen ka ngaihsut zah sangin a zah
tampitakin na hauzaw pha mahmah uhhi.
Library leh Museum
USA pen sawtvei ki-om semsemin a thu kithei
semsem leh athupitna tampi tak kimuh sannsann behbeh a, thupi kisa semsem hi.
Washington DC ka pai lai un a kumpi inn liante a thupi hi bek a, innsang mahmah
inn hoih mahmah cih zong om lo hi. Ahi zongin American kumpite kepcing museum a
tuamtuam library a tuamtuamte inn lian mahmah sung vive ah kikoih hi.
Ka paipih ka tangvalte gel lakah a uzaw pen
Muanpi in; ‘ Pa Pau aw, hih DC sung a museumte leh library sung a, laibute
hoihtakin gual simin limtak kantel lecin kum 125 sung zongin na man naii mahmah
kei ding hi..’ hong cih ciangin, museum ah ettheih ding van atuamtuam bangzah
in tam a, library ah laibu zong bangzah in tam cih kisansat thei pah hi.
Aneng Atawng Abawl Loh Om Lo
A tunga kong pulaaksa mah bangin laibu a cih
lah anam a tuamtuam om in ei khuak ciangciang tawh phawk khak zawh loh thu
tuamtuam kigelhna laibu tam mahmah hi. Tua lo mihing zattheih na kici khempeuh
a neng a tawngin a bawl nai loh bangmah om nawnlo cih zah ding ahihi. Gentehna
in set tawh kisai vanzat (tools), lettamate zat ding vanzat a tuamtuam phimbil
dawn dongin a bawlloh peuhmah omlo hi mawk hi. Ankuang ankeu a kipan design nam
a tuamtuam tawh bawl uhhi. Zahmawh thu gen leng a s a z na ngawn tawh kisai
khempeuh nadong aa, a bawl zihziah hi khin ta lawmlawm uh hi.
Mi khempeuh in ama kivakhna tawh kisai na
lamdang a bawl theihna dingin hanciam niloh tek uhhi. Tua bangin a hanciamna
pan ama bawlkhiat van a kideih a kilei
laiteng akum tawn a kha tawn in a siamna man ngah ahih manin na lamdang na hoih
a bawl thei dingin a ommuan uh in ngaihsun tangtang uh a, a bangkim in khangto
mahmah uh cih ding ahihi.
Sente’n Hauh Lawh
Atung aa ka gente khempeuh banah puansilh
niikten na dongin, Sen gam (Red China) pan vive kibawl ahihi. Tua huhau in
Sente’n pilna a ngah lawh banah hauh lawh lailai uhhi. US a tengte in nasep
ngah loh lawh uhhi. Gam hi tanta pan aa, a bawl uh van pen US sungah bawl hi
leh tu aa azuak zah sangin tampitak a tamzaw in a zuak uh kul hi. Banghang hiam
cih leh a sep tha man pen Sengam ah tawm zaw mahmah tham ahih man ahihi.
Tua ahih manin US gamsungah nasep tampi mun
awng tampi hong piankhiatna ding leh sumzian sikh mihaute sup lah sup lawh lo
dingin, US gamsung teekhteekh mah ah, setzung tampi a diakdiak in US gammi
laithei laisiam a laaihawl (middle class) te nasep ngah theihtheihna dingin,
lambeh thuahthuah dingin a naak ngaihsut mahmah sann laitak uh ahihi.
Lampite Minvawh Dan
Kawlgamah lampi min vawhna namthum bekin
kikhen hi. Road, Street leh lane bek ih nei hi. Hih lamah nam tampi in kikhen
hi. Traffic light omlo a a manlang theithei akihawlna lampi pen express-way
ahih kei leh free-way ci uhhi.
Gentehna in ko omna Tulsa khuapi bangah Lam
lianpite pen Leilu Leitaw dungzui ahi zongin, tua mah bangin Nitumna leh
Nisuahna dungzui in kiziik hi. Tua Leilu Leitaw dung zui aa, a kiziik lam lian
a hi aa lam neu ahi zongin Avenue cih kammal limzat uhhi. Gentehna in: South Havard Ave, S Memorial Drive ahih kei
leh Road or Boulevard cih khawng zong
zang kawikawi zaw uhhi. Gtn: SW California Blvd, N Sheridan Road cih akipan. Tua lam lian tawh
ki-dungzui (parallel) aa kiziikte pen South 69th East Ave, North 72nd
West Ave cih bangin a lam omna mun tawh kizui in kigelh hi.
A tung aa Leilu Leitaw dungzui aa kiziik
tawh akituntuah aa Nitumna leh Nisuahna dungzui lampite pen 2nd
Street, 77th Place, 3rd Court, Harmony Lane, Willow Ridge
Way ci in nam tampi tak zang lai hi. A mai ah a mun tawh kizui in N, S, E, W,
NE, NW, SE, SW cih bangin kiguang thuahthuah hi. Boulevard, Road, Drive,
Avenue, Street, Place, Lane, Court, Way cih bangin lampi nambat vive kiguan
hamtang hi lo a, min khat peuh zong bulhin zang kawikawi uhhi.
Tua hi a, lai-ip tungah address ih gelh
ciangin limtak mah a en a, khial hetlo a gelh tangtang kul hi. Neukha kibang
kei in kipelhkha peuhmah leh laihawmte’n akhial kha hin teh ci in kan bawl
tangtang nawn lo in laikhakpa kiang puakkik pahpah uhhi. Zip code bang peuhmah
pen athupi mahmah semm ahihi.
Ngaihsut Na Bang Het Kei!
Kawlgamah Mikang pau ka zat ding hun kei
nasep tawh kizui in athu in hong pia peuhmah lo aa, ka Mangpau zat hun pen tawm
pha mahmah hi. A kizang ngei peuhmah lo hi zaw hi. Japan ka pai lai ka omsung
ka zat bekmah ahihi. Tua hi a, Mikang pau a pauna gamkhat tung peuhmah leng kha
thum sungin siam ngap pha mahmah pah ing ka cih phuauphuau vial leh ka tun
taktak ciangin tua bang na hi deksuai lo hi.
Adiakdiakin Tulsa khua bang a Zomite tam
mahmahna khua ah Mangpau pau ding hun omlo hi. Khang no lai sangkah ding a pai
cih lah ki-hi lo lailai a, innkuan tawh kithuah ngitnget lailai ka hih manin,
midang tawh kiho hun ding zong om lo hi. Kumtam khitteh akitung pan ahih tawh
lungsim leh khuakte zong manlang nawn lo hi. Ciapteh theihna khuak hat nawn lo
in kampau mukpau zong kinal zialzial nawn peuhmah lo hi.
USA ah New York khuapi sung leh Los Angeles
China town cih pian khuapi mahmah khuate lo buangah Yangon bang aa, lamdungteng
aa innsai kihong cih bang om lo hi. Lam dungah mawtaw lo buang khe tawh mi vak
mi ciah kimu lo hi. Kawlgam bang danin ih veeng ih paam ah nupi papi piteek
puteek numei naupang ciak lialua in kiho ziahziah kipau latlat ding a, tua teng
kizaza ding ka sak leh tua bang ahi nuam ei leh kuamah zong ki-mukha ngei meel
lo hi.
Inn akici khempeuh kongkhakpi leh padinpauh
kuamah in hong deda lo uhhi. Sun tawh zan tawh kikhakcip hi. Phalbi hunin
kihong leh khuadam in huihvot honglut hi. Khua lum ciangin huihlum hong lut hi.
Tua banah thopi, thovaii, thosi zong hong lutthei hi. Tua huhau in inn honsa in
kikoih lo hi. Avot leh asa (aircondition & heater) vive akizat man ahihi.
A nasepna a pai ding ciangin a mawtaw tungah
a kah laitak muhpak zual cih loh, veeng leh pam tawh ki-muh ding na leng haksa
hi. Van zuakna saipite ah van lei tam mahmah napi’n, kiho leh zong a gei a omte
nawngkai sak nuam lo ahih manin, a mau zakkhop lian bekin kiho uhhi. Ei lam
bang a khat leh khat kiho pih zakzak cih bang omlo hi. Mi vomte lo buang anuih
uh leh zong nui lala nui uat-uat cih bang na om lo mai hi.
Kawlgam bang hi lo in nasepna sungah akisawk
zakzak, limlang a ki-enen, tadinsa simsim, an nene pawl cih omlo in sun khuavak
a mau sepkhop ding tek a omsa ahih manin manlah thei mahmah uhhi.
Sangnaupang ahi zongin nasepna ah a hi
zongin naseppih mikangte tawh kihona a om kei ngal leh Mangpau hun ding om tuan
lo hi. A diakdiakin USA ah mikang pau a siam lo Hispanic te zong a lom a tangin
tampitak mah na om euau hi. Ei Zomite nasepna diakdiak ah tua bang mite tawh
kithuah uh a, amau lah amau pau bekmah in kiho in Mangpau pau hun ding zong om
lo lailai hi.
Tua hi a, kha thum sungin Mang pau siam pah
ning ka cih pen ka tun taktak teh tua bang na hi kilkel lo hi. Kha thum cih
thadah kum sawmthum na sawt zongin sinthuah kan thuah kei peuh lecin bangmah a
kithei tuan nawn ding zong hi lo mai hi.
Hih lam pai ding ahi zong mikang pau kisin
nuamte’n Kawlgamah Mangpau (English speaking) kah in kisinsin kulzaw hi. Hi
lamah akhong sang kah theihna a om kei leh sum tawh kah ni cileng kiman het lo
in sum tampi bei zaw tham hi. Yangon khawngah pilna deih bangbang oltak a
kingah zaw ahih gige zawk lam hih ka laibu sung pan kong theisak nuam kong
hanthawn nuam hi. Nidang a ei mi Mangpau sinnuamte’n touristte sabeng ding bang
a, a zonzon lai bang lo in tuhun ciangin tourist tam mahmah ta ding hi.
Mikangte Anneek Uh
Zomite anneek tuidawn tawh kisai namdangte
tawh kibang lo aa, ih tuamdan mahmahna pen gatamtui ih neek ahihi. Kawlte
leuleu teh ngapi leh nganpyayi mah hi pah ding hi. Kala te hi leh zasan leh
masala hi ding hi. America te anneek dan zong ka ngaihsutsut ciangin bawngsa,
bawngnawi pan a piang thawhbat (butter) eipau in bang ih citam bawngnawi pan
mah akibawl cheese nakneek mahmah uhhi. Bawngsa, bawngthau, bawngnawi, tawh
kisai vive anneekna khempeuhah kihel hi. A meeh bawlna khempeuhah cheese kihel
kei leh a ne thei lo zah dong hi. Ice cream a kipan chocolate leh a moh neek
khempeuh zong a khum vive tam hi. Tua hi a, Mikangte anneek pen bawng thau
bawng nawi pan a piang cheese leh a khum akici khempeuh naaknek mahmah uhhi.
A zawng a hau a kua mah peuh in ‘an manlang’
ih ci pah diam (fast food) vive tamneek uh a, cheese burger akipan burger a
tuamtuam leh cocacola, pepsi cihte pawl mah kilim nek pen hi. Ei lamah mehtui
ih hawp tangin amau juice leh coke, pepsi te vive tawh meh tangtang mawk uhhi.
Nidang in ci-al tamzat lo ka sak leh sa-em vive (BBQ) leh sa-ngoi (hotdog)
khawng nakneek ta buang a, al thei mahmah hi. Potato chips/French chips te
semsem zong al thei mahmah hi. A kuamah peuh in anhuan hun ding na leng
akicingin nei lo tek ahih manin a kibawlsa mehbung mohbung sabung, a thoh a
microwave tawh sat sak bek ding a kizuak an thoh vive zang uh a, a anneekna
sung khempeuhah muat baih lohna ding akipan a zaa (chemicals) kihel den banah,
sodium kici civui vive mah kisawh ahih manin ih pumpi a’dingin hoih kim khol lo
hi.
A anneek a tuidawn hangteng mah ai tam, US
gambup ah 90% mah a thau vive in ka mu hi. Mehteh mehgah zong ei theih pak
dingin ankungte leh ateh agahte agol theithei alian theithei dingin eklei za ih
cih (chemical admixture) atuamtuam zatpi in zang pha mahmah uh a, lothangsan,
lothangkaang, aalu, mantasante bang peuhmah pen tennis ball zong sangin golzaw
in baseball ciacia ngentang pha a, Sen nannan bang peuhmah ankamteh kung ciacia
pha mawk hi. A gol zaw tham hi zaw zek lai hi.
Anteh theipuam cihte khempeuh eilam ate
sangin a zahkhat a zahnih phialphial bangin a pum ahi zongin a kung ahi zongin
golzaw tham hi. Tuate sawtveipi akineek ciangin tuasung a chemicalte hangin
zong mite tungah pumpi thauna leh liatna hong pia hi ding hi ci in ka um hi.
Cheese leh butter vive a tam zat hangin zong athau tam mahmah ahi kei nam ci in
upmawh huai kasa hi.
Ama ngeina bang aa a ciinh uh singgah thei
puam mehteh mehgah aktui aktak akipan a tuam in zuak uh aa, a man zong tam zaw
pah hi. Tua te pen a ngeina bang a kicing, kikhawi kibawlte hi aa ‘organic nam’
ci in min phuak uhhi. Mihau mi nuamsate in tua bang namte vive lei in ne zaw
uhhi.
Piteek puteek a khansau teng bek mah thau lo
in gawng dingdiang geuh uhhi. Akul zah sang a, a thau zaw tham a tawm pen 75%
hi in ka um hi. University Campus khawng lobuang, a khuasung tengah meelhoih
tha hoih zong tawm mahmah uhhi. A mi zawng tata a thau mahmah bungleh hi zaw
hi. Ei Kawlgam Yangon khuapi bangmah ahau pian a cithei zaw hiat teng khua nawl
lamah inn hoih vive mah tawh teng zaw uhhi.
Mehlimza (Kawlpau in Achohmongh or hih lamah
MSG - Monosodium Glutamate kici) nak zatlua mahmah hi kei leh leitungah Senmeh
mah a lim pen leh a siangtho pen in ka ngaihsun hi. Kawlmeh zong sathau tamsak
lua kei in, Kawlpau in “yaypyan-sikyan” ahih kei leh “kar-la-tha-chiet” khawng
hi leh ih neek ciangin zong liimin cidamna zong tawh kituak pha mahmah hi.
Atawpna ah Zo huan mah a cidam huai pen na hi zaw lai hi.
Tu a ka gente pen kei ngaihsut tawm a ka muh
ziau a zau gen ka hi a, bangmah telkanna om tuan sam lo hi. Mikangte pen tang a
tuan a, a pil a siamsate ahih mah bangin, akidawm nuamte anneek kidop theih
nang’in a ‘ fats or calories ‘ om zahzah ding tawh tuat in anneek tuidawn bawl uh aa, tua bang dan a a kidammte
a’dingin thau kenkanna a ki-ngah kim ding bel hi khin sam lo hi. Amau in cheese
a nak zat bek hi aa, ei neek sathau (cooking oil) bang peuhmah pen a nakzat peuhmah lo hi leuleu uh hi. Zan diak
mahmah in Time Magazine sungah ka simkhakna ah Americate’ anneekna lakah sathau
leh ci-al tam lua hi, ih anneekte enpha kik (revise/review) in ih puahkik ding
kisam hi cin kigelh hi.
US Kumpi In Agam Mite Akep Akhoi Dan
SSC kici (Social Security Card) hongpiak nak
leh US kumpi in tavuan hongla pahdan suak hi. Hong puksisak lo ding a hong kom
hong khoi hongkhual ding hi pah hi. Nasep na ngah kei leh zong nasep na ngah
maciangciang an hong ngawlsak lo ding hi. Food Stamp ci in khasum tawm bek a
sangte a’ding ‘poverty line’ kici, mizawng ciangtanna khat nei hi. Kha khat in
mi khat bek ahih leh bangzah, mi nih leh thum a hih leh bangzah cih bangin a mi
om zah leh a ngah huaizah ciangtan aa, tua zah sang’ aa tawm zaw sum lut a
ngahte in kumpi huhna ki-ngen thei hi. Nasep sem kimlai hong kikhawlsak leh
zong kisiau thei pah hi. Tua bek tham loh in innkuan sungah cidam lo leh
na-vaak lo tha zawngkhal om leh naupang no hi ta leh uham khin hi ta leh a
zawngkhal a cidam loh huhau in huhna pia lai uhhi.
Pawlkhat sum tam sang zaw hiatte bang a
nasepna pan kikhawlsak leh nasep na taan man (unemployment allowance) ci in a san ngeizah ii a lang bang
ahun khat ciangtan in kumpi in huhna piapia lai mawk hi. Tua hi a, US kumpi in
a gammite pen a kem akhoi tangtang mah ahihi. Ahih hangin tua hong khoina sumte
pen akua dang a’ hilo leuleu in khasum sang khempeuhin a khasum pan apiak leh,
mun khat peuhah an na neek a, van na lei zongin tua na anneekna leh na vanleina
khempeuh sungah mikang pau in tax kici mangmu kumpite akipia ciathciath tawh a
ngah sum sung pan hong piak ahihi.
Nasem
zo nawn lo piteek puteekte an vaakna zong nei uhhi. A hat lai diakte a inn pan
tek ah hong pai in kine sak hi. A hong pai zolo te amau inn tekah an phel tuun
in kipuak tangtang hi. A nei zote in puteek piteek kepna inn hoih mahmahte ah
kumpite huhna la lo in anupa in a hi zongin amah kia ahi zongin teng uh aa, kha
khat in sum tampi pia uh hi.
Kumpi Tungah Mangmu Kipia Tangtang
Atung a ka gensa mahbangin, sai a kilei van
khempeuh ama man tekhtekh banah kumpi tung a kipiathuah mangmu (tax) tawh kigawm
khin ahihi. Khasum zong tawm leh tam leh tax na kidok hi. Ahi zongin sushi
zialte pawl in a sushi sai aneite tung pan sumtang tawh pawl khat in thoh ahih
manin tax pia kha lo a, van a lei sialsial in bel a pia veve suak hi.
Tua mah bangin ansai lianpi a anpuak
kawikawi (delivery) semte in zong sumtangin ngah uh a, tax pia kha lo uhhi.
Ahita zongin a sai neite’n tua ai ding na pia veve ding hi. Ih Kawlgam khawngah
zong hih lam ate vaihawm bangmah in khauhtak leh kiciantakin hih huai mahmah
hi.
A sum lutzah takpi vive tungah mangmu kipia
hi leh Kawlgam kumpi pen zong hauh cihtak a, ahau pha mahmah veve ding ahihi.
Tu’n US tangpi tangtate a lung hihmawhnapi uh pen, tax a piaksa teng uh Kumpi
in Iraq galsimna leh Afghanistan galsimna in zang gai uh a, tu a khangnote a
teek a guaii ciangin kumpite huhna ki-ngahzo nawn kei kha leh cih lunghimawh
tek uhhi.
Ahih hangin kumpi sung a sumlut pen upmawh
tuat pak leng zong minute khat minute nih sungin a million a sim sum a lut ahih
manin bangmah lunghihmawh luat dingin ka ngaihsun kei hi. USA kumpipen hau
cihtak a hau ahihi. Sum lah lut cihtak a lutlut ahihi.
Social Security Income Kici Pension
Kha Sum
Kawlgamah galkapte leh kumpi sung aa nasemte
lo buang in pension sang lo uhhi. Kumpi nasemte zong kum tua zah ciang peuhmah
na sep loh in pension kipia lo cih bangin, a mau nasepna zum tawh kisai in
kiciangtan hi. USA leuleu ah koi mun koi munah na sem zongin khasum na san nak
leh tax na piak tangtang kul hi. Company na kheel kawikawi zong phamawh lo hi.
Na khasum sansanna peuh ah kumpi tungah tax na piak kul aa, nang tawh kisai tua
sumte khempeuh na kiciamteh khin dildel hi. Pension kha sum pen nang kumpi tung
aa tax na piak zah tawh kizui in a tawm
a tam kingah ding ahihi. A hi zongin ei tel theih pak dingin na nasep sung
kigawm khempeuh a tawm pen kum 10 ahih kei leh na credit score 40 a cin kei leh
pension pia lo vet se leuleu hi.
Supplementary Social Security Income
A zenzen in nasep khat zong ngah ngei tase
kei lecin kum 65 na cin ciangin SSI (Supplementary Social Security Income) kici
sum lut nei lo, a huh a kem ding a om lo mi zawngte leh cina zawngkhalte in
siau thei hi. Cidam lo poina liamna baina na neih leh na kipat nini a kipan
kisiau thei hi. Suah cil a adam lo a poi lungsim man lo a zawngkhal te in zong
siau thei a, a huh a kem dingte khasum zong pia beh uhhi.Tua bek tham lohin
Medicare leh medicaid ci in zatui leina ding, natna atuamtuam bawlna dingin
huhna a tuamtuam kingah hi. Kumpi tungah na piaksa om lo ahih manin tu a
kipiate pen nang ngah dia kilawm na pension ngah ding hi lo hi. Hong huh hong
kem dang ding leh sum lutna kician mahmah khat na neih leh a hunhun in hong
phiat kik pah ding ahihi. Tua huhau in gammi suak khinsate in a nu a pa a u
anau a sap uh ciangin, vaak zo ning khoi zo ning cih kiciamna tawh sap theihna
leh phalna a ngah ahih manin, tua bangte leuleu a teek a guai hangin, piak
dingin kingaihsun lo leuleu hi.
Free! Free!! Free!!!
Kawlgamah Reader’s Digest leh Time Magazine
ka la den a, a tawpna lamteh (2008 kum ciang) Reader’s Digest pen bu khat Ks
1500 val tung mawk hi. Time Magazine bu khat Ks 1000 kimmah tung hi. Hih lam ka
tun ciangin cover price sangin 75% bang discount ki-ngah a kiman lua sa in anih
tuak banah National Geographic Magazine tawh bu thum tak khasim in ka la leuleu
hi. A laibu taktak kimanna pi’n lampi nampitak zongin sum hong dikna ding hong
vaihawm uhhi. Free in kingah ci in letsong gentaak lo vive tawh hong zol uhhi.
Time Magazine ahi zong Reader’s Digest ahi
zongin amau press pan a thoh laibu
dangte, ni 21 sung simin la na deih kei leh hong khak kik in cih khawng tam
thei mahmah hi. Reader’s Digest bang na lawmte nih letsong pia in! man tawm
mahmah hi ci in kei guak bek in la thuahlo in minih letsong piak kawmna dingin
a kumcin ciangin coupon tawh sum hong ngenthuah zel uhhi. Ih deih lai leh ih
lawmte letsong piak ding tawh cihna in khat ai sang a tam zaw tham ding sum
hong ngen thuah a, piak loh theih loh danin hong koih hi.
Amau kiang pan a thohkhiat uh laibu bang
hong puak ciangin anihna ciang ka lei a, a nungsang lam teh ka khak kik
tangtang hi. Tua dan a ih khak kik giap kei leh a laibu in tamman veve hi. Hong
khem cih theih ding ahih loh hangin, pilvang takin hong kinelnel in hong khem zo dekdek hi.
US ah Free! acih pian leh lunglutluat kullo
hi. Tu hun ciangin Internet sungah ih theihnop bangbang a kisim theih manin, a
laibu a lei ding tawm mahmah ta ahi tam, advertisement bekbek tamta a, article
tawmkha bek kihelin laaktaak zong ka sa nawn kei hi.
No 9 Mahmah Deih Pen Sa’ng
1983 kum Japan ka pai lai pekpek in zong bel
phawkkhin sam na veng in, tun hi lam ka tun semsem ciangin a khangto gamte sum
theih dan leh ngiansiam dan pen kici thei peumah ka sa kei hi. Huaiham mahmah
zong ka sa hi. US ah sai khempeuhah vanman atungah kisuang pah ciatciat a, ei
Kawlgam bangin $3.25, $5.50, $8.75 cih bang om vetlo in a cent pen 90c zong
omlo lailai in 99c hi den keei hi. $10 man hi leh 2 digits hita a nopneh huailo
in $9.99 in aman hong ciangtan ciangin akikhai vat tawh hong kibang hi. Ahih
hangin tuat taktak leng, nak kikhaihlo lua hi.
Ei Kawlgamah a tam zaw Ks 150, Ks 175, Ks
200 cih bang danin vanman ih sehna tam zaw
hi. Hih a khangto gam Japan leh USA ah tua dan a kiseh tawm mahmah hi.
Zang ngeilo zaw mai uh a, $99.99, $159.99, $179.99, $199.99, $999.99 cihbang
dan hi thithe pah lian zen hi. Tua hi a, USA gamah sumzuakna vanman ciangtanna
ah “0” zang ngeilo liang uhhi. Kawl kumpi in no 9 a lunggulh mahbangin US ten
zong no 9 mah deih pen uhhi.
Ei gamah sumneen tang ih muh loh zawh a sawt
mahmah bang lo in hih lam ah 1 cent pan 100 cent sumnen tang kizang mahmah lai
a kikhiat veuveu lai uhhi. Sum nen pan dangka lai kheekna ding bank leh sai
lianpite ah ‘vending machine’ dan in kikoih a, sum nen tampi ih neih ih kholte deih
bangbangin kikhek ziauziau thei hi.
Ka Upmawh Hetloh Khat
Leitungah kikawmna ahi zongin kithuzakna ahi
zongin a kicing mahmah leh a khangto mahmah gam hi napi’n, tudong mah USA ah
Sikkhauto/Laito pen kilim zat mahmah lai hi. Nisimin laikhak khia a pai aw, parcel
khak ding a pai aw kitawlnga mahmah lo hi. Ahi zongin khangham kum 60 val pian
vivete bek mah in Laito nak zat mahmah phadiak lai uhhi. Company te lah leiba
siik hat peuhmah a khasial in leiba siikna bill leh lai a tuamtuam hong nawh
tun mahmah hi. Ahi zongin internet huhau in nidang hun tawh tehna in Laito
nasep pen a tawm mahmah hong hi veve ta hi. Laito lam pan sum lut tawm zaw ta
ahihmanin, Laito nasem zong khiamkhiamta aa, nidang aa nipi ni lobuang nisim aa
lai ahawm uh pen, August kha 2013 kum a kipan Sani ni zong lai hawm nawn lo
ding ci napi a thu uh kheel kik ahi tam tu dong mah(2015) hawm suaksuak lai
uhhi.
USA bup sungah zan khat bek a sawt ding
Overnight Express Mail om hi. Tua zomah Priority Mail om a, nithum bek sawt hi.
A tungg baih a tunghak tawh kinak sai lo zaw aa, ngah hamtang dia laikhakna
“Certified Letter”cih khawng atuamtuam om thuahthuah lai hi. Na lai khak
peuhmahte pen a tuntunna a tunni a tunhun a nai na tawmin ‘delivery
confirmation’ tawh na khak nak leh online pan tracking no tawh ki-en kik thei
hi. Tua zomah First, Second, Third Class cih bangin ‘mailing system’ omsak laizen hi. Tua hi a,
ei lamah ih Laito pen muang pha nawn lo ih hi tam, lai zong ih kikhakkhol nawn
meelloh bang lo in, lai kikhak bek thamloh in van zong kikhak tangtang sansan
lai uhhi. Christmas a hong tun mateng bang Laito ah van khak ding leh lai
khiatna ding maill box te ah lai khia ding kigual ngelngal liang uhhi.
A lamdang mahmah thu ah, kum simin USA gam
bup ah, kum khat sungah January pan November kha bei dong van kileite sangin,
December kha bekbek sung a van kilei a mal ahi a, avan man vekpi ahi zongin tam
kilei zaw hi ci in ciaptehna na nei uhhi.
Insurance! Insurance!! Insurance!!!
Kawlgam ah nasep ka lut tungg pek a kipan
kumpi nasemte life insurance piak ding hong kiseh hi. Nasep ka lut tungin GP
Fund (General Provident Fund) hong piasak hi. Tua zong a sawtlo in hong kiphiat
hi. Life Insurance a koihsate zong a thoh kiknop uhteh genhak thei mahmah ahih
manin, kua mah’n koih meello uhhi. Ken zong ka peel niloh a, ka peelzo bilbel
hi. Tua lo adang insurance om meel lo mah suak lel hi. A om sunsun zong
muanhuai kisa lo ahih manin, a kimanna a om lo suak hi.
USA ah insurance acih a namkimin om hi. Life
insurance, Health Insurance, Motor car insurance, House Insurance, cihte pen ih
neihloh a, phamawh hi. Huihsia guahsia leh meikang patau khat in eimau inn hong
susia leh hong lamsak kik tanghial ding ahihi. Tua ahih zawh kei leh zong,
Window insurance, Roof insurance, Property insurance ci in a sung a na neihsa
vante na leng a tuam vilvelin insurance kibawl thei lai hi.
Na innsapna a nangma aituam a na neih van-gil
van manphate zong guta buluh in na laaksakin ahi zongin, patau meikang khat a
hizong, huihpi guahpi leh tui khanna hang a kipan na vante sup lawhna man
lawhna tuak kha lecin cihna tawh “armakhan”- insurance kipia thei hi. Mawtaw
bang zong lampi kal lakah kisia leh hong kaihsak ding hong huhpah lian dingin
‘roadside insurance’ kipia thei lai hi.
A tawp khakna ah ih neih ih lam khempeuh
insurance kipia thei hi. Na neihsa suangman pha khat peuh zong insurance kipia
thei hi. Aman hong ciangtan sak ding a, nang cih theihloh thu khat peuh hangin
mansuah leteh a manzah hong loh kik ding ahihi. Na mansuah kei leh lah khasim a
na piak zahzah amau a, hi pah lel hi.
Life Insurance bang pen koih zo hi leng ih
sih teh ei leh ei kiguizo tanghial ding hi sam hi. US ah luang phumna dong pen
a tawm penpen $ 10,000 bang bei hamtang aa kingaihsun ahihi. Tua bang a a kisam
khempeuh teng insurance pia ni ci leng lah kha khat sum tampi tak a bei ding hi
zel leuleu aa kua mah in kipia kim zo peuhmah lo hi. Inn neite in House
Insurance leh Mawtaw neite in car insurance pen piakloh in kiphamawhsak tek hi.
Kawlgam a huang tawh kithuah akilam taih innte
pen a mau aa tawh tehna in a muanhuai mahmah na hi kik bilbel hi. Hih lamah a
innte uh akilamdan (structurally) muanhuai hetlo a, sumpei hat mahmahte
(tornadoe) bangin nawk kha leh ahih kei leh nai khat tai 100-120 mph ahat
huihpi nung leh a thuakzo ding tawm mahmah hi. Khua hun lah sia pha mahmah ahih
manin House Insurance piakloh in phamawh hi. Ka cih ciangin taih inn sangpipite
(skyscrapers leh highrise building)te a gennuam ka hi kei hi. Tua te leuleu
ciangin tua bang a ei hawmthawh ding bang hi peuhmah lo leuleu hi.
Tua hi a, America ah Insurance! Insurance!!
Insurance!!! mah piak tangtang kul a, kha sim a insurance bill piak mahmah zong
kibuaipih thapaai hi.
America..Land of Apportunity
Kan zo leng puansilh nikten a mantawm a man
tamna om hi. Athak vive akumkum a alaih uh hi a, tuate vive leileng $100
tungsiah vive mah man hi. Lui tase kei leh kum khat kum nihte tua za khat mante
in $25 huam vive aa lei dingin a luisai ah kizuak euau hi. Kawlgamah antang a
kumluite tam a mat zawk bang lo in puansilh niikten lamsang leuleu ciangin a
sia hita kei leh a thak lai mahmah pipi zong a kumlui (model out) ahih nak leh
man tawm bek in kizuak hi.
Funiture cih bang khawng zong a zuakna a
thaksai ah tul a sim akileite bang Estate Sale ah lei leng $100-300 kikal
khawng hi lel hi. A sia lua a bang lua zong hi peuhmah lo hi. Hau tek uh nuamsa
tek uh ahih manin sawtpi a zat vante ciimtak pahpah uhhi. Ei gam ei lei tawh
tuatna in a vante uh a sia vat ding omlo hi. Ih zat theih ding a thupi hi pah
lel aa, kisaktheihpih ding aa lei sangin zat theih ding leh a kisapna zui aa
lei theih ding thupi ahih manin pilvang ding thupi hi. Pilvang leng eimi a
tungthakte adingin sum tampipi bei lo a, van tampi akilei thei ahihi.
Pilna mah thupisak pen in eima kivakhna tawh
kizui in sin behbeh kul hi. Ei lam bangin MBBS, BE, cihte pen a huampi a sinna
theihna hi pan a, tua sungah ei ukna ei kivakna zui in atuamin kisin thuahthuah
thei hi. Gentehna in siavuante bang natna a tuamtuam lakah natna khat bek tawh
kisai ahi zongin civil engineering tawh degree ngah ih cih bang zong ahuampi
meeimaai a, akisin hi pan a, tua sung panin concrete engineering, foundation
engineering, bridge engineering cih bangin a tuamtuam in tampi tak kikhen thuahthuah
lai hi.
Tua hi a, USA ah ei deih bangbang suakta
takin kisin thei kawikawi a, pilna pen a zongte a’dingin kicing takin om
zihziah hi. Tuate khempeuh gammite in kideidanna om lo in, a sum a paai na neih
nak leh deih bangtak in kisin thei hi.
Tuate lakah ei kivakhna tawh kituak teelsiam
ding thupi hi. Pilna na ngah leh na ngah bangbang hamphatna om hi. A upadi
ngiat in phallo ahih manin minam deidanna a zawng ahau, kumpi nasem a za lian a
za neu tawh kisai in, khat leh khat kideidanna, kisimmawhna kizawnsakna tawm
mahmah hi. Khat leh khat kikhaktan theihna tam lo hi. A pil a siamten a siamna
zah tawh kituakin sum tampipi ngah uhhi. Pilna leh kivakhna a thupi bawl dan
pen, Siavuante letmat lo in zatui kilei mawkmawk thei lo hi. Thu lian het lo
thu neu mahmahte na ngawn ah, thukhen zum akitun nak uh leh, Sitni
(Lawyer/Attorney) cial lohin phamawh sak sese uh a, Sitnite mun a piak nop man
tanghial ahihi.
Tu laitak bangin mundang gamdang pan a, a
lut India leh Sente bang computer pilna lam bang ah kiva thei peuhmah in
minthang mahmah uh aa, ni tha nai tha sum tampi ngah pah uhhi. America a hau
mahmah ih cihcihte bang, hunkhat lai a Israel or leitung gam tuamtuam pan, hong
lut Jew minamte vive hi zaw hi na ci uhhi.
Leitung a lasiam minthang mahmah Elvis
Presley, Michael Jackson, Basket ball kimawlna lam a minthang Michael Jordan,
Golf kimawlna lam a minthang Tiger Wood, American Football leh Boxing kimawlna
khawng zongah mi minthangte in sum tampi ngah in hauhlawh tek uhhi. George
Soros akici Hungary pan Jew minamte hi a, 1956 kum pekin Nazi te a thuaklahna
tawh America a tung hi a, tu in leitung mihau mahmahte lakah kihelta hi. Southeast
Asia, Lao gam panin Hmong kici ninam neu khat sung pan Mee Moua in State khat
ah Senator ngah hi.
A taktak in US ah American Red Indiante
lobuang innteek taktak kua mah om lo a, peemta (immigrants) vive mah akihi tek
ahihi. A tua Red Indian ih cihte zong a kipat cil in Asia pan mah hong lal hi
dingin ki-ummawh hi.
Tua khit zawh ciangin tuhun UK (United
Kingdom) kici England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland kici gam pan leh
France, Spain, Portugal, Germany kici Europe continent pan in tangtawng pekpek in
America vive na zuan uhhi. Tua lai ah mikang English suante mah a tawp khakna
ah gualzo in, tuhun teh a innteek tawh akibang hi bek a, USA pen leitung minam
tuamtuam kihelhzau a tenna gam minthang mahmah khat ahihi.
Tua banah Europe pan hong pai Spainte bang
na tam mahmah uh a, Central America gamte’ na zo mahmah uh hi. Mexico ih cihcih
gam lian mahmah bang amau’ gam suak sakin, amau’ pau amau’ mi vive na teng
uhhi. Tua bek tham lohin tua gam kim tengah leh South America gam pawl khat na
dongah amau Spanish pau na theisak zo mawk uhhi. France te’ semm zong Canada
leh Latin America ih cih pah lian bangmah in Central America ah Latin lai Latin
pau na theisak zo uhhi.
USA ii agam alei, lo khawhna gan khawinate
pen, mikang namte suan leh khakte vive mah in gamh leh gou in na nei uh a, ahi
zongin khuapi sung a, sum thalawhna tawh akivaak anungta mite pen leitungbup
minam khempeuh kikimhel khin hi. US ih cih pen leitungah democracy ki-ukna
adeih mi khempeuh akisuktuahna gamhoih gampha gamnuam gam khangto penpen ahihi.
Tua mah bangin a ki-ukna a thukhunpi uh a
Upadi uh hoihlua ngiat ahih ban ah a Upadi ahi Thukhunpi in uk zo dipdep ahih
manin, a kua a kua kideidanna omlo in mipil misiam mi hanciam nuam mahmahte,
ama tupna tungtawn in gualzo in minthanna, hauhna, liatna ki-ngah thei hi. USA
gammi khat aa’ dingin leitung mundang gamdang khat peuh ah a omlo, kideidanna a
khaamm mahmahna mun leh sep theih bawl theih ding zong akicingtak a, a om
pikpekna, mihing khat ii tupna leh gelnate atangtung sak thei ding a gam
ki-ukna, hamphatna kicinna gam (Land of Apportunity) ih cih pen USA bek mah om hi, kici thei hi.
A hih hangin mun khempeuh ah ei pilna ei
siamna bek tawh hi khin lo leuleu in sum in thu gen a, sum lo in sang kikah
zolo zel ahih manin, a gen ol in a sep taktak ciangin, gim leh tawl leh lungsim
khauhna tampi tak ih thuak ih neih masak kul veve ding hi.
Bangbang ih ci zongin a tung a kong pulaak
khitsa USA gam sung a om gammi a suak khinsa mi zawng, mi hau, milian, minam a
tuamtuamte’ hamphatna leh thu neihna a tuamtuamte ka ngaihsut phat mahmah
ciangin hun khat lai a, ei Kawlgam a “ Burmese Way to Socialism “ akici kum 26 sung tangciim sitset, mihing tektek
liangko kikim ding, ih gam ii hauhna leh zawnna tawh kizui in gammi khempeuh in
noptuamna amau san ciatah ngah thei ciat ding ci a, ih hanciam niloh pen, tung sakzo peuhmah
lo a lamkal ah ih vaii tham bang lo in, amau’ a na tungkhin leh ana zangkhin
pikpek na hih mawk veh e, ci’n nung
phawk kikna ka ngah sansan hi.
American Cowboys
Cowboys tawh kisai ih zakzak ngeisa mah
bangin a taktak ei pau in sialcing bawngcingte cihna hi lel tak hi. Ei lam bang
in amau kiangah mual leh guam sungah sial leh bawng kikhah khollo a gamzang
zapi lopa omna tengah sial leh bawng a za a tul a simin khah uhhi. Tuate a cinh
ciangin sakol tung tuangin cing kawikawi uhhi.
American Sialcingbu khat
Tua bang a sakol tungtuang kawmsa tawh bawng
leh sial acinh kawmkal uah, aman hun uh ciangin cim thoihna in sakol tungtuan
siam khawng hong kidem uhhi. Bawngte a tai lai sakoltawh delh in khauhual tawh
atuun siam hong kisin uhhi. Tua banah bawng tai lai, sial tailai sakol
tungtuang kawmsa in delhin a naii a tun ciangin sakol tungpan tuakkhia in
bawng/sial a ki pan manpah lianin bawh pah lianlian cih khawng hong kisin uhhi.
A sawtsawt ciangin tua bang siamnate hong
kidem bawl ta uhhi. Sakol kituang ngei naii lo tungah sakol tan siamna hong
kidem uhhi. Bawng gilo sial gilote tungah tuan siamna hong kidem toto uh a tua
bang siamnate “Rodeo” ci in hong minthang mahmah hi.
Hih ci bang a hong khantoh uh ciangin
pasalte bek hi lo in numeite zong kum zalom 19 akipan Cowgirls kici in
bawngcinh sialcinh hong kisin uhhi. Tua tawh kizomin pasalte mah tawh liangko
kikim a siamna aneih theih ding uh hong kisin hong kidemta uhhi.
Tua bek tawh lungkim zo lo in American
Cowboys min tawh Cowboy movie khawng hong phuang uh a, cowboy kineihsiam John
Wayne, Clint Eastwoodte bang, tua hang’ mahmah tawh minthanna hong ngah uhhi. Hih movie sungte ah tanglai pekpek a
native Americante (Red Indians)te tawh gal kisimnate bulphuh in Cowboy movie
hong kizaih uh a, leitung mun khempeuhah kizeel in minthang mahmah hi.
American Cowgirl
Hih bang a sakol
tungtuan siam kidemna, bawng leh sial tungah tuan kidemna cihte pen Americante
phuak masak muh masak hi zenzen lo hi. Ih gensa mah bangin, USA ah innteek Red
Indiante lo buang atung masate lakah Europe pan
peemta vive ahi uhhi. (Red Indiante mahmah zong a tung a pat in Asia pan
piang hi in, tua pan Russia gam lam pan kipanin Alaska State lam zuanin a tung
masa pen pawl hi dingin thu kan siamte in upna na nei uhhi. Alaska State mahmah
zong hun khat lai in Russia gam ahihi.)
American Cowboys
American Cowboys ( Rodeo te)’
siam dan
Adiakdiak in Spain pan
na tam pha mahmah a, tua bang a sakol tuan siam kidemna cih khawng pen tua lai
pekpek pan a, akikeng suaksuak hi zaw dingin upna na nei uhhi.
Bangzah takin a khantoh mahmah uh hangin,
Cowboys siamna tawh kisai kidemna a tuamtuamte’ a mangthang ngei lo
dingin, ahunhunin kidemna pawi bawl uh a
limkep mahmah uhhi. Papi puteek pawl khat leh khangno pawl khatte bang inh,
fashion khat in ngaihsun in nisa lak guah zu lak hi ta se kei leh, vahna ciahna
khualzinna ah cowboy lukhu khu kawm leh American jean pant khawng teng in a pai
a khawl, khat leh nih kimu kuaukuau thei a, aduang kikhai ngiingeii leh meel
hoih athuah khawm lailaite’ bang nak etlawm thei pha mahmah uhhi.
Native American horse
riders
American Sialcing/Bawngcing kineihsiam minthangte
Chapter
Forty One
America Kua’n Mu Masa Pen
America tangthu pen tom gen pak leng Italy
gam a suak Spain gam a khangkhia Christopher Columbus muhkhiat masak hi ci-in
tudong mahin kiciamteh hi. Ahi zongin
anung kankan uh ciangin atuampi khat hong suak hi. Christopher Columbus
pen Spain gam tembawkhawlna Palos pan, Pinta, Nina, Santa Maria kici tembaw
thum tawh hong paikhia uh a, nipi 10 a sawt khitzawh October 12, 1492 zingsang
tungin ama tuanna Pinta kici tembaw tungah a khuadak leh tuipi nawlah akimu
khia ngei lo gamthak khat mu hi.
Amah pen India gamnawl East Indies kici
Spice Islands a tung gige mah kisasa mawk a, a mi muhte pen Indiante mahin
minphuakin tudong a paisuak ahihi. Ama okhialhna mah zompaihin kisailopi takin
North America a, a na tengsate pen tudong mah Red Indian kici hi. Columbus pen
Kum 1451 kumin Genoa, Italy ah suakin 1506 kumin si hi. A sih dong mah India
gam a tung mah kisasa hi. Ataktakin East Indies hi lo a Bahamas tuikulh tung hi
zaw hi. Tua tuikulh a tawmvei a vak khitteh cidam phalo in a sawtlo in ciahkik
hi.
Kum 1502 ciangin Amerigo Vespucci (alias)
Americus Vespucius adang khat zong neilai Americo Vespucio kici sum bawl
sumzuak siam mahmah khat leh, kuamah phak nailohna teng a pha nuam masa a,
khualzin kawikawipa (explorer) in Columbus pen East Indies a tung ahih loh lam
leh Bahama tuikulh ciangbek a tung ahih zawk lam teltak in va mukhia hi.
America amah a mu masa pen atung masa ahi nuam ei leh mi tampi na teng khin zaw
lai hi.
Atung masa taktak pen Italy te mah ahi, a
tung a minthum neipa mah ahihi. Ama min zompaih in Americus pan America akici
ahihi. Amah pen Republic of Florence, nungsang ciangin Italy kici gamah March
9, 1454 in suak a, February 22, 1512 ni in kum 57 a phak in si hi. Sente
ommuang na tawm in ko tung masa zaw ung a ci nuam vive ahi uhhi. Ahih hangin
tudong mah Columbus min mah in pai suaksuak sak lel uhhi. Bawng pen khui ih cih
a, sakol pen siphu ih cih bangdan mah in a kithei khialpi, a maan hetlopi mah a maan bang a kizuizui suak ahihi.
(Source: Internet)
American te’ Galsim In Nitum
Mikangte (British) te’ih cih pen a tei
mahmah uh hi kei leh America mu masa a teeng masa taktakte pen Spainte mahmah
tam pha diak hi. Khua khempeuh ah om hi. Mun min gam min, khua minte zong
Spanish pau vive ahihi. San Francisco, San Diego, San Jose (pronounced San
Ho’Se’) USA a taw lamah Santa Fe, Louisiana, a laizang lamah Cincinnati,
Indianapolis cih khawng a tam zaw hi mai e, mikang min taktak om meel lo in
Europe gam lam pan hong pai minam tuamtuamte min phuaksa vive tam hi.
Americante in Red Indiante tawh gal kisim,
Spanishte tawh kisim, a mau leh amau Northern leh Southern kisim, British te
lah na do cih bangin haksatna khempeuh aban aban in a na paltan in na gualzo
den uh ahihi. WWI & WWII in lah gualzo, Korean War lah nei, Vietnam War ah
guallel, tun Iraq leh Afghanistan tawh kisim leuleu, tu nai mahmah teh Libya
gam va sai-na (sai-la) kawikawi cih bang hi in USte pen galsimin nitumin
leitungbup a uknuam gawp uh hi mai hi.
America Uthuai Takpi Maw..Lo?
Hih atung a thulu tawh kisai in a masa in
kong gen nop ah, anneek tuidawn khamlah liang leh ih ci ih lu na leh kikhoi
kikeem zolo liang a, khangluite pau leng ‘ngal thaldo’ a pum thuak bingthuak
liang dinmun ah ih om man hi kei leh ih gam ih lei kankan a nuam om lo hi.
Zangkong ih tun ma in Zangkongah ki-om nuam
in kiteng nuam mahmah hi. Ih om taktak ciang in lah a Kawlte lakah a neipente
zong kihi lo pah phot malam zel in haksapipi a ih omteh lah ih pianna ih Zogam
mah kiphawk ngeungau zel hi. Zogam ciah taktak leng lah sawtveipi ki-om zo tuan
lo leuleu hi. Zangkong a omsate Zogam kua mah ciah kik nuam nawn lo ta leuleu
uhhi.
Hih lamah zong a mau kiangah a nuainung pen
pawl mah kihi veve hi. Pianpih liangko kikimna/pianpih suahtakna (human rights)
ngiat in hong lung nuam sak hi kei leh kumpite leh mihaute sila takpi mah kihi
veve hi. A taktak kumpi ih cih te zong mihaute leh taangpite sila hi kik bilbel
hi. Kawlgamah khasum kikhom hetlo hi kei leh kumpi nasep pen a nuam mahmah cih
ding ahihi. Kawl gam bek hi lo in mundang gamdang khempeuhah zong kumpi nasemte
mah hampha zaw deuh hi. Suakta zaw deuh uhhi.
Hih lamah company te khutnuai hi mawk tek uh
a, nasep a om kei leh ki-khawlsak ziauziau hi. Uliante mai-et zong a kul veve
kawikawi ahihi. Ei Zomite a tamzaw thatang vive mah tawh na kisem ahihi. A
mikang a mivomte sepnop loh teng, a teel masak loh tengmah akisem ahihi. Tua
bang nasep ngah nading zong, a sem nuam tektek ih hih hangin, Mikang khitteh
mivomte’n mun ngah a, mivom khitteh Hispanic kici Mexican, Spanishte pawl in
zom hi. A nunung penah Asiante cih ding ahihi.
Tua bang ka cihteh a upadi a gen ka hi kei
hi. Mihing ih hih mah bangin ei leh ei kinaipih teng mah kideihsakin nasep
kipia nuam ahih manin, nasep siauhna ah nasep ngah zawh nang a haksa leh a ol
zaw dan ka gennopna ahihi. Mihing ih hih mah bangin a lungsim sungah neu-etna
simmawhna lungsim kinei veve hamtang
ding ahih hangin, kuamah in a langhtangpi in hong nenh niam ngam lo uh hi. Kam
pau lu hek a khialh khak ding na leng kidawm pha mahmah uhhi.
Kawlgam sung a diakdiakin Yangon khuapi sung
khawng a mihau minuamsa mawtaw tawh a vak hialhialte, sumzian hau a sumzon paai
zonna kician neite a’dingin pai huai hethet lo hi. Tua lo peuhmah pen,
Kawlgamah sum thalawhna ding cih bang om lo mawk ahih manin a diakdiak in ei
Zogam pan leh Kawlgambup sung khangno nasep kician nei lote aa’ dingin pai huai
mahmah hi. Kawlgamah mailam ah ki-ukna hong kikheel diakduak kei buang leh cih
loh na mailam nuntakna ding bangmah gitneihna ding om peuhmah lo hi. Lai na pil
na siam mahmah phial zongin Kawlgamah lam et ding bangmah om lo in ih mai lam
bin cih tak in bingg hi. A hi zongin hih lamah ih tun ciangin ih nuntakna hong
kikhai pah duak hi. Amau hauhna a ciappih pah ih hihi. A hanciam nuam leh khangnote
aa’ dingin lam etna tampi om hi.
Nidang hun pek in Europe pan Spanish,
Portuguese, French, German cihte na pai uhhi. Tua zawhteh Asia pan Russian, Sente leh Japan na pai
uhhi. Korea gal khit ciangin Koreante na tung uh hi. 1967 kum zawh ciang akipan
Vietnamte bek hilo in Laos leh Cambodia gam pan zong a honhon in na pai
uhhi. Cambodia gam pan Mong kici minamte
tampi tak na om aa, na teektang mahmah khin uhhi. Africa pan zong tampi mah lut
sansan lai uhhi. Tun ei hun hongtung pan ahihi. Ih lawmte pawl pen luangkham
vive a pai uh zong tam peuhmah hi. A pai zozo pai huai mahmah hi. Uthuai zong
uthuai mah hi cih ka gen nuam hi.
Nopsak leh nopsak loh tawh kisai pen ei
tungah ki-nga hi. Bangkua sung nuam peuh leh ih omna peuh a nuam ding hi lel
hi. Cidam ludam ding thupi pen hi. A lungkhamhuai mahmah khatah hun khatteh ih
tu ih tate’n ei pau thei nawn lo in Mikang pau vive tawh hong pau ta ding hi.
Ih minam paute leh ih ngeinate mangthang ta ding hi. Ih Zomi khaici pen Kawlgam
Zogam ah na om lai bek ding hi. Tua zong ih kepcing mahmah kei leh Kawlgam na
leng ah kicimang haklo lai kha ding hi.
Kawlgamah banghun ciangin sum tha lawhna ol
ding cih kigen thei nai lo hi. Tua pen gam makaite’n tuppi pen in zong neihtuak
khollo lai hi. Hih lamah pen na nasep leh mawtaw zatloh in phamawh hi. Mawtawte
pen a bat in zong ahoih pipi kileithei hi. Athak na leng kilei thei hi. Auto
gear vive hi a, sinna kician zong neilo in pasal khangno laite bang hawl pahpah
ziau in hawlsuak thei ziau pah lian mawk uhhi.
Tua bang dinmun pen Kawlgamah ih tun theih
ding hun mualmong etmah bang lai hi. Mualmong et hi lo lai in mualpang ettawh
kibang lai hi. Tua ahih manin tua lam pangpan enleng nuntakna pen kikhaih
cihtak a akikhai vat pah ahihi. Biakna thu kha thu tawh a gente’n Vantunggam
ma-leep a cih zong ih Kawlgam ih leitung nuntak dan tawh tehkak leng ahi takpi
mah ahihi. (2011 ciangin Kawlgam khantoh nading hong mai nawt uhhi. Hoih tak a
manman aa a khan toh phial mah leh zong tu zawh kum 20 lo in gammi khempeuh
aa’dingin nasep piang zuahzuah naii lo kha meek lai ding hi.)
Tenna inn leh lo tawh kisai in sumthalawhna
sum muhna kician khat na neih ciangin hong leitawi ding bank ten hong muan nak
leh a bat in kilei thei hi. Atam zaw in a tun zawh uh kum khat kum nih khit
ciangin inn abat in kum 30 sung piak dingin bat laak uh hi. Mawtaw thak sinsen
zong kum 4 kum 5 sung piak dingin kibat laak thei hi. Innsungah a vot a sa
aircon: om hi. Kisilna kuangzawnpi (bath tub), tuilum tuivot kicing takin om
hi. Puansawpna, ankuang ankeu, mehkuang mehkeu silna zong om hi. An huanna
(electric stove), tuikhal bungpi (refrigerator) leh an satsak na ziau micro
wave te zong om hi.
Tho vaii na cih bang om lo hi. Tho in
ankuang bawk cih zong omlo hi. Leivui khu phengphang cih omlo hi. Inn gei inn
pam namsia in uih seisai den keei cih omlo hi. Veeng leh paam gamlum ziazua in
sa ngeiingaii cih omlo hi. Inn khat ah tui beem khatta cih guang tuan lo a, tui
zawn pan hong pai in a tuitha khauh mahmah hi. Atomin genleng nuntak zia ahih
leh van leh lei bang hetmahin kikhai hi.