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Katonda yafuula kaaba, ennyumba eyemizizo nga kyabyanfuna eri abantu ate n’afuula Hijja nga mukolo era kiseera kwakwesinza, era nga mukisa gwakusisinkana kw’abasiraamu okuva mubitundu ebyenjawulo okubeera nga bamanyagana, nokumanya ebikwaata kubusiraamu bwaabwe nekumbeera zaabwe.
Ebyo, byebikwaata kubyennesinza, nga katonda bwagamba:
“... Balyoke balabe emigaso...”
Era mugasoki – oluvanyuma lwa Ibaada – omunene okusinga okusisinkana okwaboluganda mukatonda mukifo ekimu, ekiteya-wulidde nsi oba ekibiina kyabantu, nga bonna bali waansi wekisikirize kyeddiini nga bajudde okwagalana n’omukwaano era nga omwoyo ogwobwoluganda ogwamazima omusengejje gubakunganyizza?
Era nsongaki enkulu okusinga abasiraamu okutegeera ebizibu byebasanga okuva mubitundu ebyenjawulo, balyoke basobole okubimalawo nga begasse wamu n’omukono gumu nobumalirivu obw’awamu.
Era buzibuki obusinga okunyigiriza abasiraamu olwaleero okusinga obuzibu bwokufugibwa okuli mubifaananyi ebyenjawulo obwamaamira ensi zabasiraamu – mungeri eyebyokwerinda, oba byabufuzi oba byabuwangwa. Era ebyobugagga byabasiraamu nebituuka nokutwaalibwa, nebaleeterwa fitina wakati waabwe, abaana baabwe nebattibwa, ate abasigalawo nebabafuula abonoonefu, nebirala bingi.
Abaffe, Hijja sikyekifo ekisinga obulungi okulangiriramu okutereeza kwobusiraamu okubujja mukufugibwa okwonoonefu, okutamwa, okukulemberwa ne America ne Russia?
Abasiraamu abalyazamanyizibwa munsi zaabwe bwebaba nga tebasobola kulangirira kuva mubufuzi bwebweeru – olwokubeeramu gavument ezibakwaata obulago nezibagaana okufulumya eddoboozi – Hijja sikyekifo ekisinga obulungi okulangiriamu oluvanyuma lwaboluganda abasiraamu bonna okukungaana mukwesinza okwo nokugonda nokwewombeeka?
Abaffe, okugonda n’otambulira wansi Wastaane nokugyesiga-mirako nebiri mubiraga okukola shirik mukugonda, era n’okubigaana tekiri mubweyolefu bwatawheed eyo katonda gyeyafuula nga kyekigendererwa kya Hijja nokutuukiriza obukakafu bwaayo?
Bugenze okukeera kumakya nga abasiraamu bakirabye bulungi nnyo nti Hijja kyekifo ekisaana okugattiramu ennyiriri zabasiraamu nokubamanyisa obuzibu abalabe baabwe bwebabatuusaako nga America, Russia, Britain ne France n’abalala abaagala okwefuula banakyeemalira n’abafuzi.
Mazima ekiseera kya Hijja mukisa gwanjawulo eri abasiraamu okulangiriramu okuva wansi w’abagwiira nga bali wamu mukwesinza olwekigambo kyakatonda:
“... Balyoke bafune emigaso gyaabwe era bogere kulinnya lyakatonda...”([1])
Aya eyo, eraga ekigendererwa kya Hijja era nga erimu: ebyennesinza nebyobufuzi, ebyensi nebyenkomerero.
Nolwensonga eyo, abasiraamu kwebaasinziira okwekalakaasa ekwebyobufuzi munnaku za Hijja okuviiraddala mumyaaka egyayita nga bakulemberwa nebaseruganda abana Iran abasiraamu.
Ekyokusaalirwa, tusanga abamu abeyita nti basomi era nebagamba nti bebalina obuvunanyizibwa kumulimo gwokusaasaanya obusiraamu, bawukana kunkola eyo etalina kigendererwa kirala okujjako okununula abalyazamanyizibwa, nebafugibwa, n’abagwiira, kyokka nga bawulira okusalibwa kwabasiraamu buli lunaku, nga bwekikolebwa mulwaatu mubuyindi, Palastine, Lebanon, Afaganstan, Eriterea nekunsalosalo za Iraq ne Iran, nendala nnyingi.
Abamu obasanga, mukifo ekyokugatta amaloboozi gaabwe kubasiraamu bannaabwe, begatta wamu n’abalabe babasiraamu abamanyiddwa obulungi.
Nga America, Russia, Britain ne France abasala abasiraamu enkya neggulo.
Nekisinga okwewuunyisa, kwekuyimirira kubigere byaabwe nebaziyiza enkola eyo nga bekwaasa ekigambo kya Allah wekitiibwa:
“Teri byabuwemu, wadde okwonoona nokuyomba mu Hijja” ekitalina wekikwaataganira kunsonga gyetuliko.
Oyo nno ye sheikh Abdullah khayaat, Imam, Khatiib wa Masjid Haraam, oyo eyetwaala ebizibu byabasiraamu ebyobufuzi nti okubyogerako mu Hijja kiri bweeru bwantegeera ya Hijja, era natuuka nokwesembesa ekigambo kyakatonda:
“Omuntu bweyekakasaako Hijja mumyeezi egyo, takkirizibwa kuwemula wadde okwonoona nokuyomba...”([2])
Era nagamba: “Era nga bweyakyogera omubaka (s.a.w) “Omuntu bwagenda mu Hijja, natawemula, era natayonoona abeera nga olunaku maamawe lweyamuzaala”
Naye okukoowoola kwa Iran, Alkhomeine, okwo okwokwagala okukyuusa Hijja ebeere mikolo gyabyabufuzi, nokwekalakaasa, ne byobuvuyo, ebyo tebikkirizibwa kubanga byawukana nenjigiriza yeddiini yaffe era eba efuluma kuntegeera nti kumenya empagi mumpagi zaabwo, mulimu okukola katonda byeyaziyiza nokulinnyirira emikolo gyakatonda nokufuluma kunkola eyo katonda gyeyateekawo.
Mazima abana Iran okukoowoola, khomeine, kuleeta fitina mubantu, nekwaawula abegasse, nekukyuusa okwagalana nekufuuka mpalana, ebifo ebyemikolo nebikala olwebigambo byaabwe ebyobufuzi nokusaasaanya enkoowoola zaabwe ezisamaaliriza. Era teri musiraamu yenna kunsi okujjako agaana okukowoola kwaabwe era nakwetamwa kubanga mulimu okulinnyirira obusiraamu nemikolo gyaabwo.
Nga ate Hijja teyinza kubeera lusisinkano lwakirala okujjako olweddiini nokusisinkana okwaabuli mwaaka abasiraamu kwebajjamu okuva mungendo ezaawala”([3])
Ebigambo ebyajja mukhutubah eyo, byeebyo bennyini byetuwulira okuva esaud buli mwaaka, mubuli kubuulirira, okuva mubuli mubuulize. Bbo, tebalina byebayinza kwogera ku Aya oba kubigambo bya khatiib ebitalina makulu.
Naffe, tetulina kyetuyinza kwenganga nakyo sheikh oyo, okujjako nekyo katonda kyeyatulagira mubigambobye:
“Mubawakanye n’ekyo ekisinga obulungi” kati tugenda kwanjuluza Aya, ekigendererwaamu kiryooke kirabike, era bonna balyooke bamanye nti okwekalakaasa okwebyobufuzi, nokulangirira okwawukana okuva kubakaafiiri nokwesamba emirimo gyaabwe egyobulumbaganyi nokuwalana abasiraamu, nokubeera nga tukowoola abasiraamu okwegatta kyekigendererwa kyokwekalakaasa okwo Imam khomeine kweyatulagira sossi okuyomba okwayo-gerwaako mu Aya.
Kuno kwekuvuunula Aya nokunnyonyola ekigendererwaamu:
“Okukola Hijja kuli mumyeezi egimanyiddwa, omuntu bweyekakasaako okugikoleramu Hijja, takkirizibwa kuwemula wadde okwonoona, nokuyomba mu Hijja”([4])
Mazima okuddingana munjatuza ya Hajji emirundi esatu mu Aya, okwongera kukubeera nga kyayolesebwa mukifo kyokubikkirira mulimu engeri eyokufunza.
Ekigendererwa mukigambo Hijja ekisooka: kiseera kya Hijja, ate ekyokubiri: omulimo gwennyini, ate ekyokusatu: ekiseera kya Hijja nekifo kyaayo. Singa tekwaali kwoolesa, mwalibaddemu okuwanvuya okuteetagisa.
Yagamba mutafsiir Alminar eya Rashiid Ridha: “Mazima nemubiraga obufunze mu Aya kwekwogera okwolwaatu mukifo kyokubikkirira, ekigambo Hijja okujja emirundi esatu.
Ekigendererwa mumulundi ogusooka: kifo kya Hajji nga bwebagamba: obunyogovu myeezi ebiri, ate omulundi ogwokubiri: Hijja yennyini eyitibwa Nusk, ate omulundi ogwokusatu;: ekifo ekyokujikoleramu nekifo kyaayo, nga era nakyo, ya Haram nebifo ebirala ebigigoberera nga Arafaati”.([5])
2- Ekigendererwa mukigambokye “Omuntu bweyekakasaako mumyeezi egyo okugenda muHijja” kwekubeera nga amalirira okukola Hijja mumutimagwe, ate Ihraam nga yalwaatu, ate okwanukula (Talbiya) nga kuwulirwa.([6])
3- Ekimanyiddwa, “rafath” kwekwegatta, ky’ava ku Abdullah bn Umar, ne Tawuus ne Ata-u, n’abalala, “Rafath”, kwekuwemula omukazi nebigambo([7]) oba kyonna ekyobuwemu, era waliwo n’amakulu amalala agaayogerwa.
4- Ate ekigambo “Fusuuq”, kyavuunulwa nga kitegeeza obwonooyi bwonna.
Era Ibn Zaid agamba awamu ne Malik: Fusuuq: okusalira amasanamu, ate Dhahhaak yagamba: okupaatiikangana amannya, ate Ibn Umar n’agamba: okuvumagana, naye nga ekisoose kyekisinga obutuufu kubanga kikungaanya ebigambo ebyo byonna.([8])
Byayogerwa okuva kuNnabbi (s.a.w) nti yagamba:
“Omuntu bwakola Hijja, natawemula, era natakola byonoono, addayo n’abeera nga olunaku maamawe lweyamuzaala” ne “Hijja ennungi ekkirizibwa terina mpeera ndala okujjako ejjana”. Yafulumizibwa Muslim n’abalala.([9])
5- Jidaal: mululimi, kwekuyombagama, kyayitibwa bwekityo kubanga buli omu asika munne okumujja kundowoozaye gyaliko adde kuyiye.
Nekikulu mubyonna, kwekufuna amakulu gekigambo kyakatonda “... wadde okuyombagana muHijja”.
Nokujjamu ekigendererwa, kwekubeera nga AbaSaudi abessa awalaba bafuula Aya eyo nga bwebujulizi bwaabwe kukugaana okwekalakaasa, nembuulira ezikwaata kubyobufuzi, nokubeera mubibinja ebyawamu, nokwoolesa okwesamba kwaabwe okuva kubakaafiiri nabannanfuusi.
Naye Aya teraga kigero nga ekyo bbo kyebaagala okujjako bonna okukoppa endowooza ezaabamu kubavuunuzi abakulu era nga ezimu zezino:
(a) Eyo Qadhi Baidhawe gyeyayogera, ne Raaze([10]) najegattako ekyokugamba nti Aya “... wadde okuwemula, wadde okwonoona era nokuyomba mu Hijja” bigambo byaali nga mawulire era nga bitegeeza nti Hijja tetuuka ebbanga ly’emala nga ebaddemu ekimu kw’ebyo, kubanga ebeera kyennyume kyaabyo, era bigigaana okubeera entuufu, era okusinziira kweebyo, enjogera ezo ezimirundi esatu, ziri mweebyo ebyonoona Hijja era kikakata okugiriwa okuva eri oyo nannyini kugikola bwebeera nga ebadde nkakafu kuyye. Ebyo byebaasinziirako okuvuunula ekigambo “Rafath” nti kitegeeza kwegatta, ate “Fusuuq” nti bwenzi kubanga byonoona Hijja, ate Jidaal, bakitwaala nga kyeyawulidde kukubunsabuusa muHijja, nobukakafu bwaayo mumateeka nokubeera nga mulimu okukwaatagana namagezi. N’ekiva mweebyo: kwekukoonagana wakati webintu bino ne Hijja eyo katonda gyeyalagira okuviiraddala muntandikwa.
Kale okusinzira kwebyo, nga bwetutayinza kugamba nti Fussuq (okwonoona) kwonna kutta Hijja – nga okulimba nokugeya – era nabwekityo tetuyinza kugamba nti okuyomba oba okukayagana kwonna kwonoona Hijja wabula kulinakubeera nga kukwaata kukubuusabuusa – example – mukulaalikibwa kwaayo, nokulaba nga okwetoloola kujjinja, nettaka nembaawo, byonna muzannyo.
Era amakulu ago Alaadhi geyalonda ne Raazi naye namwegattako mutafsiiriye, abamanyi (Fuqaha-u) abasinga obungi gebaatwaala mubigambo ebimu nga ebigambo byaNnabbi (s.a.w): “Esswala tetuuka okujjako nga alfatiha esomeddwa” oba “Esswala tetuuka okujjako nakwetukuza”, nga era ekigendererwa, kwekujjawo obutatuuka n’obutuufu bwaayo awatali alfatiha nakwetukuza era obukakafu bwaayo buyimiridde kubyo, era nga bwekiri mu Aya nti ekimu kubintu ebyo ebisatu bigaana okutuuka kwa Hijja.
Endowooza eyo bwebeera entuufu, era eba tesaana kujesembesa kweekyo abo kyebaliko ekyokuziyiza kigambo Jidaal nga tebakifunzizza – nga mwebatwaalidde okwekalakaasa – kubanga Aya tennyonyola kuziyizibwa kwaJidaal etaliimu butuufu bwa Hijja era tennyonyola buli Jidaal wadde n’eyo etegaana kutuuka kwaHijja.
Nokwekalakaasa kakubeere nga kutwaliddwa nti Jidaal okuli haraam tekwonoona Hijja.
(b) Okwaawula wakati wensonga ezo essatu, mukuzitwaala nti zaziyizibwa wadde nga waliwo okwawukana kunjatuza eyokungulu, amakulu: temuwemula era temwonoona, nokugendera kundowooza eyokusatu eyokugamba nti twabuulirwaako bubuulirwa, amakulu: tebeera kuyomba, wadde okwawukana mukiseera kyaHijja nemukifo kyaayo, era nga amakulu ago Ibn Jariir Attabari geyalemerako mutafsiiriye([11]) ne zamakhishari naye n’agoogera([12]) era nebagesembesa mungeri bbiri:
(i) Mazima omubaka wakatonda (s.a.w) yagamba:
“Omuntu bwagenda mutiijja kulwakatonda, natawemula, natayonoona, addayo nabeera nga olunaku maamawe lweyamuzaala”.
Nabeera nga teyagamba “natayomba”.
Mw’ekyo mulimu ekiraga nti ebibiri ebisooka birimu okuziyiza “rafath” ne “Fusuuq” nga tekuli kyakusatu kubanga bwekitabeera bwekityo, kwalibadde kweyongerako ekyokusatu mungeri eyokuziyiza, wabuli kkyo kyajja nga kutubuulira bubuulizi nti mukiseera kyaHiija nemukifo kyaayo tebibeeramu kuyomba nankayana. Era kuludda lwebyo ebibiri byanjulukufu temuli kubuusabuusa.
(ii) Mazima Aba Quraish baali bawukanako n’abawarabu abalala, baali bayimiriranga mu “Mashi-aril Haram” ate abalala nebayimirira mu “Arafa” era baali bagendanga muHijja omwaaka nebayisaawo omulala (Nasii-a). Oluvanyuma yaddizibwa mukiseera kimu, nokuyimirira kwabonna nekubeera mu Arafa, era katonda n’agamba nti yajjawo okwawukana muHijja era nagamba nti Na-sii-a (okwongerayo ekiseera kyaayo) kubeera kweyongerayo mubukaafiiri, babula nakwo abo abakaafiira – olwokugendanga muHijja omwaaka, ate oguddirira nebajeziyizaako.
Bw’etyo, Hijja yaddayo mukiseera kyaayo nemukifo kyaayo mukiseera Nabbi kyeyakoleramu Hijja eyasembayo. Omubaka wakatonda (s.a.w) yagamba:
“Mazima omulembe guzzeeyo nga bwegwaali olunaku katonda lweyatonda eggulu nensi” Alqurtubi yagamba: kitegeeza nti ensonga zaHijja zizzeeyo nga bwezaali, amakulu: Hijja ezzeeyo mulunaku lwaayo, nemukiseera kyaayo. Nabbi (s.a.w) yagamba: “Mujje kunze enkola yammwe” era yanyonyola enkola yaHijja nebifo byaayo”([13])
Kati nno singa tutwaala endowooza eyo, ekigambo kyakatonda kiba tekikwaatagana nabigambo byakhatiib Alhayyat kubanga tekyajja nga kuziyiza kulyooke kubeere etteeka ekkakafu eribuna buli Jidaal wabula bigambo yabyogera bwogezi ate ebigambo nga ebyo bibeera nga ebyabulijjo, era nensonga yaHijja – oluvanyuma lwomubaka wakatonda nokunyonyola ebifo byaayo nemikolo gyaayo, nokugikakasa mumweezi ogweyawulidde – yafuuka nga enjuba ebiseera byomusana era tekisoboka kubeera nga ebuusibwabuusibwa mukiseera kyaayo nemukifo.
Kale nkwataganaki ebigambo ebyo gyebirina kukuziyiza Jidaal nokwekalakaasa okwebyobufuzi, bwetuba tugambye nti ebyo nabyo biri muJidaal.
Ibn Jariir yagamba:
“Nebigambo ebisinga okunnewunyisa okuva mwebyo – ensonga bwebeera nga bwogambye – yensoma y’oyo eyasoma “Fala rafathun wala fusuuqun wala Jidaala fil Hajji” okubeera nga ebigambo ebisooka ebibiri, yateekako dhamma netaniwiini kunkomerero yaabyo naye ate bweyatuuka kujidaal, nateekako fataha nga era tekuli taniwiin era nga ensoma eyo yeyabe Baswira, n’abasinga obungi mube makka, nga Abdullah bn Kathir ne Ibn Umar bn Al-ala.([14])
Ebibiri ebisooka byatekebwaako dhamma, ate ekyokusatu nekiteekebwaako nasib olwokutwaala ebisooka ebibiri nti byagaanibwa nga kiringa eyagamba:: tebeera nga okuwemula wadde okwonoona ate ekyokusatu nekibeera nga kyajja mungeri eyokukyo-gerako bwogezi nga bwekitakkirizibwa nga alinga eyagamba nti tewali kubuusabuusa wadde enjawukana muHijja, amakulu: mukulaganyisibwa kwaayo nekifo kyaayo.
(iii) Abasinga obungi mubavuunuzi ba Quran kyebatwaala kwekuteeka okuziyiza kukugaana naye nga ekituufu kwekugaana ebintu ebyo byonna ebisatu, kale omuntu abuzibwabuzibwa kubanga kungulu kwa Aya kulaga kugaana buli ekiyitibwa Jidaal nga mwemuli okwekalakaasa okwebyobufuzi. Naye nga ate kyetagisa omwagazi wamazima okuyimiriramu akatono amale okwetegereza ensonga bbiri:
a- Jidaal etekululwaamu emiteeko:
Haraam, mubaah, Sunna (ekkirizibwa). Naye abaffe ekyaziyi-zibwa kyekigambo Jidaal nga bwekiri kyonna oba kyeyawulidde nakitundu kisooka ate era nolwokubeera nti Jidaal eziyizibwa wadde nga simuHijja, tekigaana kubeera nga era eri haraam muHijja mungeri eyenjawulo.
b- Mazima okwekalakaasa okwebyobufuzi, nokwogera eri abantu, nokuzuukusa abatnu okubajja muggayaalo nokulangirira okwesamba abalabe babasiraamu abemashariq nemagarib, abaffe nabyo biri wansi waJidaal, oba tebirina kukwaatagana nayo nakatono.
Mpozzi era wetegereze ensonga zino ebbiri:
Ekigendererwa mukigambo Jidaal wano, kwekukayana oba okuyomba okusaana okwewala muHijja nawalala, naye nga muHijja mwemusinga.
Zamahishar yagamba:
“Wala Jidaal, amakulu nti: tekikkirizibwa kuwakana nakukaayana nabomukwaano, abakozi nabebitiibwa, era ekyalagirwa kwekwe-samba ekintu ekyo, era kikakata okukyesamba mubuli ngeri yonna kubanga muHijja kibeera kibi nnyo nga okwambala hariir musswala nokusussa ekigero mukusoma Quran”.([15])
Era yagamba mu Alminaar:
“Jidaal: Okuwakana ennyo nokuyomba. Ebyo byonna ebyazi-yizibwa, bibeera mpisa yalulimi, nga ate kikakata kumuntu mubiseera byokwesinza nokubeera okumpi ennyo nekatonda, okubeera mumpisa esinga okubeera enzijuvu nemumbeera esinga okubeera ennungi”.([16])
Ate Jasswaas yagamba:
“Jidaal: okuwakana ate Ibn Abbas yagamba: Jidaal: kwekuwakana ne munno okutuusa bwomunyiiza. Noluvanyuma n’agamba: Mazima omuntu ali mu Ihraam, yaziyizibwa okuvuma nokuyombagana mumyeezi gyaHijja nemubiseera ebirala, era naziyizibwa okwonoona, wadde nga era noluberyeberye lwa Ihraam kuziyizibwa, naye katonda yanyweeza okuziyizibwa mu Ihraam olwekitiibwa kyaayo, nokubeera nga okwonoona mumbeera ya Ihraam, okubonereza okulimu kunene okusinga mubiseera ebirala”.([17])
Nekyanjuluza ekyo, kwekuliranyisa “Jidaal” ne “Fusuuq”. Ekyo kiraga nti ebigambo ebyo byombiriri biri mulugoye lumu nomute-ndera gumu, kale sikituufu kugamba nti Jidaal yonna eziyizibwa awamu nokubeeramu emiteeko egiwera: Mubaah “ekkirizibwa” oba mandooba “eddiini jekowoolera” mumateeka.
Ate era mumateeka gobusiramu, emiteeko gya Jidaal, mubaah ne mandoob, tegiri wansi wa Aya.
Mpozzi, oguli mubaah mujo, gweguli mukigambo kya Allah (s.w):
“Mazima katonda amaze okuwulira ekigambo ky’oyo akuddingana kunsonga zabba era n’atuuka nokuwawaba ewakatonda”.([18])
Ensonga nga eyo, bweba ebaddewo muHijja, tegaanibwa, okuva mumwogezi wadde mwoyo awulirizza.
Ekyo, nekibeera nga kiraga nti ekigendererwa muJiddal, y’eyo egaanibwa eyokuwakana nokuyomba enkakafu yokwewalibwa, naye bbo bavvuunula ekigambo Jidaal mu Aya namakulu nga gonna tegawukana kuJidaal nokuwakana okugaanibwa.
Raazi yagamba:
“Mazima abavvuunuzi bayogera ebigambo bingi kunsonga eyo:
1- Yo,Jidaal etiibwa etuusa kukuvuma, nokulimbisa nokusiruwaza.
2- Yagamba Muhamad bn Katonda-ab AlQaradhi:
AbaQuraish, bwebaakunganiranga eMina, abamu nga bagamba bannabwe mungeri eringa eyokwewaana nti Hijja yaffe yesinze okutuukirira, n’abamu bwebatyo, naye katonda n’abaziyiza.
3- Malik yagamba mumuwatta-e:
Jidaal mu Hijja, aBaquraish baali bayimiriranga mukifo ekyemizizo mumuzidalifa nessanyu ate abamu nebayimirira mu Arafaati nga bayomberamu, buli bamu nga bagamba bannaabwe nti ffe abatuufu, okutuusa Allah bweyabagamba:
“Buli mulembe twaguwa emikolo kwegukolera, kale tebakuyombesa munsonga, ggwe kowoola eri katondawo, mazima ggwe oli kuddiini entuufu, era bwebaba bakuyombesezza, bagambe nti katonda yasinga okumanya ebyo byemukola”.([19]) Maalik yagamba nti Jidaal y’eyo.
4- Qasim bn Muhamad yagamba:
Jidaal muHijja, kwekugamba okwabamu, nti Hijja yaleero ate abamu nti yankya kubanga baalagirwa embalirira yaabwe okugiteeka kukulabika kwomweezi.
5- AlQaffal yagamba:
Okuziyiza okwo kuyingiramu ekyo kyebaayombesaamu Nabbi (s.a.w) mukiseera awo bweyabalagira okusazaamu Hijja, bakole Umurah naye nekibakuluubiriza, nebagamba: tugende emina nga obwereere bwaffe butonyolokoka amazzi? Nabbi (s.a.w) n’agamba: singa nange mbadde mmanyi, salizze nakyakusala era nalikoze Umurah. Ekiseera ekyo, nebasirika.
6- Yagamba Abdurrahman bn Zaid:
Jidaal yaabwe muHijja, yajjanga lwansonga yakwawukana kwaabwe mumuntu mubo aba akoze Hijja nga efanagana neya Ibrahim(a.s) mukiseerakye.
Ebigambo ebyo, abavvuunuzi byebaagamba kunsonga eyo.([20])
Ebyokulabirako ebyo, biraga nti Jidaal gyebategeeza mu Aya, y’eyo etakkirizibwa eyaziyizibwa – kakubeere kuziyiza okwaharaam oba okwokutamwa.
Era nemufiqh eyogera kumadhihab ana, mulimu: kiri haraam okufuluma okuva kukugondera katonda owekitiibwa nekikolwa kyonna ekyaharaam. Ekikolwa kakibeere nga kiri haraam mubitundu nebiseera ebitali bya Hijja, naye ate muHijja kiyitirira, era kiri haraam okuyomba n’abo abakuwerekedde oba banno, nabaweereza, nabalala olwekigambo kyakatonda (s.w):
“Omuntu bweyekakasaako Hijja mumyeezi gyaayo, takkirizibwa kuwemula, wadde okwonoona, wadde okuyomba muHijja”.([21]) Era Jidaal, kitegeeza, kuyomba.
Kale okusinziira kw’ebyo, Jidaal ekkirizibwa, nokubeera nga mulina ensonga gyemwogerako etesobola kunyiiza omu kummwe, nga Jidaal eri mu Aya 58: 1, eyo eri bweeru bwa Aya, kubanga wadde nga omukazi omuwaabi, yali takkirizibwa, naye nga ekimutwaala ewa Nabbi kwekulongoosa ensongaze nebba, tetuyinza kugamba nti eyo yeJidaal eri haraam, nokukayana okwaziyizibwa, nokuyomba okunyiiza, wabula omukazi aba anonyerezza ekyo ekimusaana.
Abavuunuzi bagamba nti omukazi, mube Madiina, oluvanyuma lwabba okumweyambula, yajja eri Nabbi (s.a.w) n’amugamba: Mazima bbange, yampasa nga nkyaali muto, ndimugagga nabantu bange, naye emmaali yange yajimmalako nobuvubuka bwange nebugenda, abantu bange baayawukana ate kati nange nkuze, naye kati angobye ...
Jidaal ekkirizibwa bwebeera nga eri bweeru wa Aya, eri sunna eba yesinga, ate nga lwaaki nedda, awamu nokubeera nga katonda yalagira Nabiwe muQur’an okukozesa Jidaal eya sunna.
Singa mubiseera bya Hijja, omuntu abuuza kunsonga yonna ekwaata ku Fiqh oba byanzikiriza, oba tafsiir, buli omu n’aleeta endowoozaye kukibuuzo ekyo, ate omulala namuwakanya, n’aleeta endowooza esinga obulungi, ekyo, tekibeera haraam ekigaanibwa wabula kubeera kukolera kukigambo kya Allah (s.w):
“Kowoola okudda eri ekkubo lyakatondwo neQur’an nembuulirira ennungi era obawakanye nekyo ekisinga okubeera ekirungi”.([22])
Okunoonyereza kunsonga kakubeere nga kubadde muweema mu Arafat, buli musiramu n’abeera nga alina oludda lwaliko, n’aleeta nobujulizi awatali kwolesa kuyomba oba okuva mumbeera, okunonyereza okwo, tekuliimu bukyaamu, era tekuyingira mu Jidaal eri mu Aya.
Ebyo, byebiri muboluganda, naye ebiri muba Ahlul Bait abo abaaliranyisibwa ne Qur’an okuva kululimi lwaNabbi owekitiibwa, bbo, bavvuunula ekigambo Jidaal ekiri mu Aya nti kiringa ekigambo kyomusajja:
“La wallah” ne “bala wallah”. Omuntu bwalayira ebirayiro ebisatu ebyomuddiringanwa nga era alayirira kumazima, aba ayingidde muJidaal era alina okusala ekisolo, ate bwalayira ekirayiro ekimu nga ali kubulimba, era aba ayingidde muJidaal, nokukakasibwaako okusala.([23])
kale kuliwa okuziyiza Jidaal yonno kwebagamba? Eziyizibwa – okusinziira kubigambo byaabwe – y’eyo eyeyawulidde nga bwotegedde.
Kale katukitwaale nti Aya ebuna Jidaal zonna ezaziyizibwa mubiseera ebitali bya Hijja nekkirizibwa, neyasunna zonna okutwaaliza awamu, naye nga ate ekigendererwa kwekuyomba okubeera wakati waHaaji ne Haaji omulala, oba wakati waHaaji nomulala atali Haaji muHaramu, oba okwekalakaasa baHujjaaji bonna abasiramu mwebetaba nokulangirira okwesamba abakafiiri, nokunyiigira enkola yaabwe eyabulijjo gyebatuusa kubasiramu nobusiramu, nokukowoola abasiramu okwegatta awamu mukulwanyisa ebizibu, ebyo byonna tebiriimu Jidaal n’akamu, kubanga bonna basiramu, era bali mukono gumu awatali kwolekera muntu yenna mubakaafiiri oba omuananfuusi, tulyooke tugambe nti waliwo Jidaal wakati wenjuyi ebbiri.
Ggwe, olaba nga Imam Ali (a.s) kyeyakola kyaali kibi, okubeera nga yagenda mubiseera bya Hijja – oluvanyuma olwokulagirwa okuva eri omubaka wa (s.a.w) – n’asooma Ayat okuva mussuula Albara-a eri abakafiiri? Oba kwaali kulangirira kwesamba kwakatonda, nomubakawe okuva kubakafiiri nabagatta kukatonda ebintu ebirala, era njawuloki eri wakati webifo ebibiri?
Era mazima okwekalakaasa abasiramu ababeera muHijja kwebetabamu olwekiragiro kya Imam khomeine tekulina kigendererwa kirala okujjako okutuukiriza ekyo ekiri mukigambo kyakatonda:
“... bakambwe kubakaafiiri naye nga basaasiragana wakati waabwe”.
Mubutuufu abasirikale abe Saud bebaleeta – okuziyiza abasiramu okulangirira obusungu bwaabwe kubakafiiri nokubagambako kumirimo gyaabwe egyobwononefu – Jidaal etakkirizibwa, kubanga bbo baziyiza abasiramu okutuukiriza ebibakakasibwaako byaabwe ebyobusiraamu, nebabawaliriza okwogera nabo mungeri etasaana, kale abasirikale bennyini nebabeera nga bebakola Jidaal nokubeera ensonga eyingiza abantu muJidaal.
Singa omukisa gubeerawo, ababeera muHijja bonna balibadde betaba mukwekalakaasa okwo okukomya emirimo gyabakafiiri nebyonoono byaabwe ebyobuwakanyi, era tewalibadde mutawaana gwonna wakati waabwe naye abaleeta obuzibu bebasirikale be Saud.
Nenkomerero yabyonna, tusaba Alkhayyat: agamba mumbuliriraze nti Hijja lukungaana olwabuli mwaaka, mubeeramu abasiraamu abajja okuva mubitundu ebyewala. Kati nno Hijja bwebeera nga yye bwagamba, kirowoozoki ekisaana okuleetebwa mulukungaana nga olwo?
Abaffe ekikakata mulwo, kwekuleeta ebigambo ebyanguyangu bwebityo nga ebikwaata kukutamwa kwokulya ebitungulu eri omuntu ayagala okuyingira mumuzikiti, oba okunaaza ebigere nengatto okubijjako ettaka nga bwetumuwulidde emirundi egyiwera mukhutuba zabakhatiibu mumuzikiti ogwemizizo munnaku zaHijja nezaJuma, nebeera nga eteri nsonga ndala zabusiraamu ezitali ezo.
Bwekiba kimaze okutegeerekeka gyooli – owange ggwe omusomi – nti ebigambo bya khayyat bifu, era ne Aya tekwaatagana nansonga gyetuliko, kisaana tubeere wamu tutegeere ebigendererwa bya Hijja byennyini nga twesigamira ku Aya zaQur’an ne Hadith ezekitiibwa, nebyafaayo ebikwaata kunkola yabaasooka.
Tewali kubusabuusa, ekisooka era ekikulu Hijja kyegenderera, kwekwongera okwolekeza omuntu eri katonda nokumuteeka mumbeera eyokugondera katonda, nokunyweeza enkolaganaye neya Allah (s.a.w), nokubbinkiza obukkiriza mumutimagwe, nokusimba enzikiriza eyokutongola katonda mukifubakye.
Nekirala mubufunze, kwekwesinza okutandikiraddala mu Ihraam mukukola Umrah, okwetoloola kaaba eyekitiibwa, neswala, Sa-ayi, okukendeeza enviiri, Ihraam omulundi ogwokubiri eya Hijja, okuyimirira mu Arafa, okugenda emuzidalifa nokuyimiriramu, okugenda emina nokwebakayo ebiro, okukasukirira, okusala, okusalako enviiri, okwetoloola kaaba egulumizibwa, nokusembyayo sa-ayi wakati waswafa ne Mariwa. Byonna ebiba byeyongedde kw’ebyo, nga dua ne adhikaar, nokweziyiza okukola ebiri haraam ebyeyawulidde, bikolebwa kulwakusembera nabyo wa Allah owekitiibwa.
Mazima kwo, kwekwesinza mungeri zaakwo ezisinga obulungi.
Era kwo, kwolesa buddu munjolesa eyawaggulu.
Era kwo, kubeera kwewombeekera eri oyo nannyini kitiibwa mukifananyi ekisinga okubeera ekyawaggulu.
Mazima kwo, kugondera katonda mungeri zonna. Kale Hijja, kwesinza okukungaanya, ebeeramu okwolesa obuddu, nengeri zonna ezokugondera omutonzi owekitiibwa omugabi nokukutuka kubyensi, n’okuva kubyobwagazi nokuwaayo emmaali, nokwekakkanya nokujjukira katonda, nokumwawula, nokumutendereza, nokumusuuta, nokumugulumiza, nokumwawula mukumugondera, nemukumwe-wombekera, nokumusaba obuyambi nokwesinza, nokuva kukululu-nkanira ebintu byensi nokwerabira akaseera akatono akemmaali, nabaana, n’abolulyo. Nensi mukkubo lyakatonda, kulwakatonda, kulwekiragiro kyakatonda, olwokusembera ewakatonda, nokugoberera okulamula kwakatonda, nokutukiriza okwagala kwakatonda, nokwanukula omulanga gwakatonda omu yekka atalina kirala kimwegattako.
Mazima kwo kwesinza awatali kubusabuusa, naye, abaffe, ekigendererwa kyaHijja kikoma ku Ibaada yokka?
Era abaffe, Hijja yalalikibwa kubasiraamu bonna, - abakazi nabasajja, abakadde nabato, buli rangi yonna nebika – batukirize ebikwaata kunkolagana yakatonda waabwe yokka eyeyawulidde awatali kiraaliko ekyo kubeerako naludda lukwaata kunsonga ezawamu, nobulamu bwaabwe?
Abaffe, waliwo omulimo ogwokwesinza mubusiraamu – kagubeere nga mutono gutya – ogutakwaatagana nakukolera wamu, omukolo nga ogwo guleme kubeera gwawamu, ekiraaliko ekyekittibwa ekirina amatabi amayitirivu, ekirina enkola eyawamu – nga esswala yaJuma?
Mazima Aya zaQur’an, ne Sunna eyekitiibwa, nebyafaayo ebyabasooka, nebigambo ebyabamanyi, byonna bikakasa nti ekigendererwa kya Hijja tekyeyawulidde kukwesinza kwokka nokwe-wombeeka omuddu kwayolesa, wabula yyo einga ebyalalikibwa ebirala ebyobusiraamu nga esswala, okusiiba, zaka, okulwaana mukkubo lya Allah nebirala ebiteyawulidde kukwesinza kwokka, wabula bibuna ebigendererwa ebirala ebikwaata kunsonga ezoku-kolera awamu, nobuwufu bwebyobufuzi mubulamu bwabasiraamu, obwakinnoomu oba obwawamu.
Era ensonga eyo, amagezi amalamu gajiwagira, okulowooza okutereevu nekugyikakasa.
Mazima obusiraamu, ddiini ebuna. Amakulu: nteekateeka, erimu ebyokwesinza nebyobufuzi nebyobusuubuzi nokukolera awamu, era eri kyennyume kyabayahuud nabanaswaara abaliwo nenkola eyabantu eyatekebwaawo. Obusiraamu tebuli okujjako buli kitole, bukwa-atagana munzikiriza nemumateeka nemumpisa munjuyi ezenjawulo ezobulamu, era buli kitundu muddiini eno kiringa ekirala mukukwaatagana, era biri wamu munsonda ezenjawulo, era biri kukipimo kimu eri omuntu omu nabangi, era yonna kwesinza nabufuzi, nabyabusuubuzi nabulamu, ensi nenkomerero.
Era okwesinza mundowooza yeddiini eno, ekibangirizi kyayo kigaziwa nekibuna obulamu bwonna, nemirimo gyabantu bonna bwegyiba gyikoleddwa kulwakatonda. Teyeyawulidde kumikolo gyakwesinza egimanyiddwa nga esswala nezaka neHajji, wabula ebuna buli mulimo ogulinnyisa obulamu, negwesiimisa abantu.
Nolwekyo, Nabbi owekitiibwa yagamba Abu Dharr:
“Kikusaanira okubeera nokumalirira okulungi mubuli kintu, mpaka nemukwebaka”.([24])
Hijja – nga bwetukiraba okuva mukitabo nesunna nenkola yabaasooka nebigambo byabamanyi abanonyereza – teyeyawulidde kukubeera nga mukolo gwakwesinza – nga endowooza yabasinga obungi bwemanyi – wabula ekyeyongera kw’ekyo, kwekubeera nga lukungaana lwabyabufuzi obwensi yonna, era lusisinkano alw’awamu olubuna, luwa abasiraamu ababa bavudde mubitundu ebyenjawulo omukisa ogwokutegeeragana nokusisinkana, nokugasibwa okwabamu okuva mubannaabwe, nokukubaganya ensonga zaabwe, nokumalaganira ebizibu byaabwe obyobufuzi neby’awamu, nebyenfuna mumbeera yeddembe, nemukitiibwa, nemubwanjulukufu, nemukwagalana.
Ebyo nno, byetwagala okwogerako nokuleeterako obujulizi mumpapula ezo ezijja naye nga tugenda kufunza kubanga ebikwaata kuHijja nenjuyi zaayo ezokwesinza nezebyobufuzi nebyokwegatta okukolera awamu, bigazi nnyo okubeera nga biwandiikibwa kumpapula zino entono, kale tujja kukoma kukuleeta buleesi bujulizi. Nkubira abasiraamu omulanga okubeera nga bagezaako bbo bennyini bongere okunoonyereza nokutegeera ebisingawo ebifa kunsonga eyo nga bayita mukwetegereza Aya nehadith ezekitiibwa ezikwaata kunsonga eyo.
Mazima Qur’an eyekitiibwa yanyonyola nti Hijja – mubifo ebiwerako – erimu ebigasa eri abantu nga Allah bwagamba:
“Kowoola abantu okujja okukola Hijja, bajja kukujjira abebigere n’abali kunsolo okuva mubitundu ebyawala, balabe emigaso gyaabwe era bogere kulinnya lyakatonda munnaku ezimanyiddwa, basala ebyo byetwabagabirira, mubisolo (engamiya), kale mulyeeko, era muliiseeko n’abatesobola. Oluvanyuma bamalirize ebyetaago byaabwe (okusala enviiri nenjala) era bajjulirize ebyeyamo byaabwe (okubituukiriza), era balina okwetoloola ennyumba eyemizizo. Bw’atyo (katonda bweyalagira) era omuntu bwagulumiza emizizo gyakatonda, kyekimusingira obulungi eri omuleziwe. Era ebisolo byakkirizibwa gyemuli okujjako ebyo ebyabaziyizibwa, kale mwewale ebikyaafu era nga gemasanamu, era mwewale ebigambo ebyobulimba. Mubeere batereevu kukkubo lyakatonda, muleme kumugattako, era nomuntu agatta kukatonda abeera nga agudde okuva muggulu ekinyonyi nekimukwaata oba empewo nemutwaala mukifo ekyewala. Ensonga eyo (gyetwogedde), omuntu bwagulumiza obubonero bwakatonda, ekyo kibeera mukutya kwamitima. Mulina, mububonero, emigaso okutuusa ekiseera ekigere. Noluvanyuma ekifo kyaabwo, yennyumba eyemizizo”.([25])
Mpozzi, byetufuna okuva mu Aya eyokubiri, byebino:
(i) MuHijja mulimu emigaso okwongera kuludda olwokwogera kukatonda, era nekiraga nti erimu enjuyi bbiri:
(a) – Okwesinza, nga okwo kuli mukujjukira katonda.
- Okutali kwesinza, nga okwo kwekulimu emigaso emirala.
(b) Okukulembeza emigaso kukujjukira Allah okuli mukwesinza.
(ii)Mwatekebwaamu emigaso egitaliiko kikomo, kubanga teyagamba (s.w) nti migaso gyabyanfuna, ekyalibadde kiretera omuntu okulowooza nti gyeyawulidde kubyabugagaa nabyabufuzi, nokukolera awamu, n’ebirala.
Omugenzi Imam Shaikh Muhamad Shaltuut, Sheikh owa Jami-Azihar eyasooka okuvuunula Aya, yagamba:
“Emigaso egyo egirabibwa era negifunibwa muHijja – era gyejasooka okunyonyolwa nga ekigendererwa kyaHijja – nga tegiriiko kikomo wadde ekika awatali kirala, wadde okweyawulira oludda awatali lulala, era emigaso egyo mubutabeerako kikomo, gibuna era gizingiramu buli mulimo ogugasa kinnoomu n’abali awamu era negulongoosa embeera zaabwe. Okutukula kwomutima nokusembera ewakatonda, mugaso. Okwegatta kukunonyereza kubyokumanya nebyobuwangwa, nokwegatta awamu kukunyweeza daawa, nokukolerera okwolesa obusiraamu namateeka gaabwo agalungamya, byonna ebyo, migaso, nokukolerera obusiraamu okulaba nti bunyweera era butambula, nagwo mugaso. Era bwegityo, emigaso gyigenda gyeyongera era negibeeramu ebika ebyenjawulu okusinziira kubwetaavu bwembeera ebeera mumulembe, nokusinziira kubwetaavu bwabantu eri abalala”.([26])
Era yagamba:
“Ne Hijja, okusinziira kukifo kyaayo mubusiraamu, nekigendererwa muyo eri kinn’omu n’abali awamu, kwekubeera nga egendamu abasajja abamanyi abalina ebirowoozo ebirungi, nabasajja abalina obukenkufu mubyobuwangwa, nabasajja abebyobufuzi, nabasajja abebyobusuubuzi, nabasajja abakenkufu mumateeka geddiini, nabasajja abamanyi ebyokulwaana.
Kirungi nnyo, okugenda muHijja emitendera gyabantu, abalina endowooza nokukwaatira awamu, abalina okulengera nokufabikana, abalina obukkiriza obwamazima nebigendererwa ebyobufuzi ebikakata kubasiraamu okubitegeera mubulamu bwaabwe. Kirungi abo bonna okujolekera. Obalaba nga bonna makka ebateseeko ebiwawatiro byaayo, nebakunganya kulwekigambo kyakatonda awali enyumba yakatonda, nga bamanyagana, nebateesaganya, nebaya-mbagana, oluvanyuma nebaddayo mubitundu byaabwe nga bali kibiina kimu, omutima gumu era nga nendowooza ziri zimu”.([27])
Okwongera kwebyo, tusanga Aya ezikwaata kuHijja, zeyongerayo okutuusa bwezikwaatagana nekigambo kya Allah:
“Mazima katonda ataasa abo abakkiriza, mazima katonda tayagala bakumpanya abakaafiiri. Bakkirizibwa abo abalwaana kulwokubanga balyaazamanyizibwa, era mazima katonda kukubataasa, musobozi. Abo abaafulumizibwa okuva mumayumba gaabwe mubutali butuufu olwokugamba nti omulezi waffe yekatonda, era Singa katonda tajjaawo bantu babi namikono jaabalongoofu, amayumba galimenye-ddwa, namasinzizo gabayahuud nabanaswaara, nekanisa yabayahuud nemizikiti egyijukirirwaamu erinnya lyakatonda ennyo. Era Allah ajja kutaasa oyo anamutaasa, mazima katonda musobozi era mukasi”.([28])
Mubutuufu, tekyagwaawo bugwi okusanga Aya zaQur’an nga zepanga mungeri nga eyo awatali kukwaatagana wakati waazo.
Mazima okukwaatagana kwa Aya mungeri eyo bwetyo, kiraga okukwaatagana okwamaanyi wakati waHijja nemirimo egyebyo-bufuzi. Bwetugamba bwetutyo, tuba tetwagala kutegeeza nti twagala tufuule Hijja ebeere kisaawe kyalutalo, wabula mubutono ennyo, kyetufuna okuva mukukwaatagana kwa Aya, kwekubeera nti Hijja ebeera nsibuko eyokweteekerateekeramu butya bwetuyinza okwenganga abalabe.
Mazima, mubutono, kyetusobola okugasibwa okuva mukukwaatagana kwa Aya ezo ezigatta wakati wa Aya zaHijja nezaJihaad, nokulwanyisa obulyazamaanyi nokutaasa kwakatonda eri abalyazamanyizibwa, kwekubeera nga Hijja kyekifo ekisinga obulungi ekyokwetekeratekeremu kwabasiraamu mumyoyo nemumitima olwokulwanyisa obulyazamaanyi nabalyazamaanyi, nokulwanyisa obwekuluntaze n’abekuluntaze, nokufugibwa obumbula nabafuzi.
Mazima kyo, kiseera kirungi, eri abasiraamu bonna abakunganira eyo okuva mubuli nsi okubeera nga banjulayo buli byonna byebalina, mumaanyi nemubuzira era balangirire endowooza zaabwe ezebyobufuzi ezawamu balyoke basobole okutuusa kubalabe ekyo kyebatasobola kwerabira. Wadde nga ekyo tekyeyawulidde MuHijja mwokka, kubanga okulwanyisa obulyazamaanyi nokulangirira enkola yabalabe bobusiraamu tekweyawulidde kifo namulembe.
Nokwongera kwebyo, abavvuunuzi bavvuunula ekigambo “manaafi-u” nti migaso egibuna ensonga zensi nezeddiini.
Byava ku Ibn Jariir Tabari, ebyajja mutafsiir ya “Manaafi-u” oluvanyuma lwokubijjulula:
“Ekigambo ekisinga obutuufu, kyeky’oyo eyagamba: ekitegeezebwa “balyooke balabe emigaso gyaabwe” okuva mumulimo ogwo katonda gwasiima, nokusuubula, olwensonga nti katonda yaddira emigaso n’agibunyisa abo bonna ababa betabye mumukolo, ennaku zemizizo bweziba zituuse, zireeta emigaso muMakka egyensi negyenkomerero. Era teyatongola kintu kyonna kyeyawulidde mumigaso gyaabwe nga amawulire wadde amagezi, wabula emigaso gibuna”.([29])
Noluvanyuma, Qur’an eyekitiibwa eyogera kukaaba eyekitiibwa nti yatekebwaawo nga yamugaso eri abantu nga bwegamba:
“Katonda yafuula kaaba enyumba eyemizizo nga yamugaso eri abantu”.([30])
Era ekigambo “Qiyaam” kyajja nga kikwaata kunsonga yammaali, nga Allah bwagamba:
“Era temuwanga abasiru emmaali yammwe eyo katonda gyeyabafuulira nga kwemuwangalira”.([31])
Era bwetutyo bwetukiraba nga waliwo okufaanagana wakati waHijja nemmaali. Nga ebyenfuna nemmaali biyimirizaawo obulamu bwomuntu, era nebeera nga erina omugaso eri ekibiina kyobusiraamu, nabwekityo, Hijja bwetyo bweeri. Ekyo kiba kitegeeza nti Hijja teyeyawulidde nakwesinza nakugonda, wabula ebuna buli kyonna ekirina omugaso eri abasiraamu ekisobola okuyimirizaawo obulamu bwaabwe nembeera yaabwe, naye nga kiki ekiyimirizaawo obulamu bwomuntu okusinga omulimo ogwebyobufuzi ogusobola okulwanyisa okufugibwa nokufuulibwa abaddu, n’okufuna obwetwaaze mubuli kimu, nokulabula abasiraamu balabe enkwe ezibetolodde, nokubakubiriza okubeera nga bekwaata kitole kimu mukulwanyisa abalabe nokwetaasa abalumbaganyi.
Noluvanyuma, emmaali bw’ebeera nga tesaana kuweebwa abo abatasobola kugitambuza olwobuto bwaabwe oba obukendeevu bwamagezi gaabwe, kiba tekisaana Hijja kulekebwa eri abo abatamanyi kitiibwa kyaayo, nekipimo kyaayo, nobukulu bwaayo mubulamu bwekibiina ky’obusiraamu.
Bino byebimu kubigambo abamu mubavvuunuzi byebaagamba ku Aya eyo:
Ibn Jariir Tabari yagamba:
Yagamba Allah (s.w): “katonda yafuula kaaba ennyumba eyemizizo nga bwebutebenkevu bwabantu abo abatalina butebenkevu okuva mumufuzi, ayawula owamaanyi mubo, kumunafu, nomwo-nonefu mubo, kumulongoofu, nomulyaazamaanyi mubo, kw’oyo alyazamanyiziddwa, era n’agifuula akabonero keddiini yaabwe, era n’agifuula eyomugaso eri ensonga zaabwe”.([32])
Nemutafsiir alminar:
“Mazima yye, yagifuula butebenkevu bwabantu munsonga zeddiini yaabwe, egunjula empisa zaabwe, etukuza emitima gyaabwe okusinziira kuHijja eyabalalikibwaako eyo ebalibwa nga eri mumpaji zeddiini ezisinga obunene kubanga kwesinza kwamwoyo, byanfuna, nakukolera wamu.
Era yagamba:
“Mazima katonda okuteekawo ebintu bino – emikolo gyaHijja – yabiteekawo nga byansi nankomerero wamu, era bibuna buli kyonna ekiyimiriddeko okulongooka kweddiini yaabwe nensi”.([33])
Singa ebyo byonna tuba tubiresse, abaffe tuyinza okwerabira surat “Baraa” eyo erangirira ekifo kyobufuzi eri bamushirikiin eyassibwa ebeera nga esomebwa mubiseera bya Hijja era nga ogwo mulimo gwabyabufuzi awatali kubusabuusa?
Tuwulirize Qur’an kyegamba:
“(kuno) kwekwawukana kwakatonda nomubakawe okuva kw’abo bemwakola nabo endagaano mw’abo abesinza amasanamu. Mutambule munsi nga muli muddembe okumala emyeezi ena naye mumanye nti temugenda kulema katonda, era mazima katonda agenda kukakkanya abakaafiiri. Era kirangiriro okuva ewakatonda nomubakawe eri abantu olunaku lwaHijja ennene, mazima katonda yesamba okuva kubagatta kukatonda nomubakawe - naye yesamba-, bwemuba mwenenyezza - nemuva kushirik - kyekibasingira obulungi, naye bwemun’aba mugaanye okukkiriza, temujja kulema katonda, era tegeeza abajeemu nti balina ebibonerezo ebiruma”.([34])
Mazima Nabbi owekitiibwa (s.a.w) yalagira Ali (a.s) okubeera nga atuusa okwewaza eri bamushirikiin munnaku zaHijja, era Imam Ali n’akikola nga abavuunuzi baQur’an nebanabyafaayo nebanahadith bwebakakasa ensonga eyo.
Mutafsiir ya Tabari nemuhadith musnad:
“Olunaku lwokusala bwerwatuuka, Ali bn Abi Talib yasituka nayimirira, n’alangirira mubantu ekyo omubaka wakatonda kyeyamulagira, n’agamba: Abange mmwe abantu, ndagiddwa nebintu bina:
1- Mushirik yenna obutasemberera kaaba oluvanyuma lwomwaaka guno.
2- Obutetoloola kaaba nga bali bwereere.
3- Obutabeerayo muntu yenna agenda kuyingira Janna okujjako omusiraamu.
4- Buli eyalina endagaano, okutuukiriza endagaanoye ate muriwaaya endala: era buli yenna alina endagano eri omubaka wakatonda (s.a.w) alina okugituukiriza mukiseera kyaayo”.([35])
Bw’oba oyagadde oyinza okugamba: mazima ekigambo kyakatonda: “katonda nomubakawe besambye abo bemwakola nabo endagaano mubamushirikiina” nekigambo kyakatonda ekigamba: “Nokulangirira kwakatonda nomubakawe eri abantu olunaku lwaHijja ennene, nti mazima katonda nomubakawe besamba bamushirikiina (abagatta kukatonda”, mazima okwesamba okuli mu Aya ezo ebbiri tekweyawulidde nabamushirik abaQuraish oba abomukizinga kyabawarabu wabula okweyawula okwo kulangirira kwakatonda kubuna bamushirik abensi bonna abaaliwo mubiseera byobubaka noluvanyuma lwaabwo okutuusa olunaku lwenkomerero.
Qur’an eyekitiibwa eyigiriza ekibiina kyobusiraamu era enyonyola obuvunanyizibwa bwabasiraamu muddiini era n’ebakuutira okuteekawo okwawukana nokwesamba okuva kubamushirikiin abaabuli mulembe okutwaaliza awamu.
Nokwongera kwebyo, singa abagenyi bakatonda bonna basitukiramu nebalangirira okweyawula nokwesamba abakaafiiri nabagatta kukatonda ebintu ebirala – ababafuga – balibadde batuukiriza ebyabalalikibwaako mungeri eyawamu.
Obeera olyaawo omuntu ayinza okulowooza: mazima okwesamba nokwetamwa okuli mu Aya zino kweyawulidde kumulembe gwomubaka (s.a.w) era tekusaana mumulembe mulala. Naye ekyo kigambo bugambo ekitaliiko bujulizi, era kifaananako nekigambo eky’abo abagamba nti obubaka bwaNabbi Muhamad (s.a.w) neQur’an eyekitiibwe byeyawulidde kumulembe awatali mulala.
Era sirowooza nti omusiraamu eyetwaala yekka ayinza okubusabuusa mukubeera nga Abashuyu-e n’ababawagira bebasinga abagatta kukatonda obubi abo Qur’an beyakakasaako okwesambajja.
Nga bwesirowooza nti ayinza okubusabuusa mukubeera nga Shaitan enkulu – America – mbi okusinga mushirikiin nokubeera nga yesinga okukosa.
Era nga bwekiri mubitabo byonna: mazima Hisham bn Abdul Malki, yagenda muHijja mumulembe gwataatawe, neyetoloola kaaba, oluvanyuma n’ayagala okunyweegera ejjinja – Hajarul aswad – naye natasobola olwobuyitirivu bwabantu. Kale kyebava bamutekerawo ekituuti, n’atuulako. Ekiseera ekyo, Ali bn Hussein weyaviirayo nga ali munkutu nessuuka, nga y’asinga abantu bonna obulungi, nakawoowo keyalina nga kekasinga okuwunya obulungi, nga Swijida j’alina mukyeenyi eringa ekiviivi kyembuzi, n’atandika okwetoloola kaaba. Bweyatuuka kujjinja, abantu nebamusegulira okutuusa bweyalinyweegera, nga ekyo baakikola olwokumuwa ekitiibwa nokumugulumiza.
Ekyo nekinyiiza Hisham, omusajja mubantu besham n’amugamba: ani oyo abantu gwebagulumiza bwebatyo, nebatuuka n’okuva kujjinja kululwe?
Hisham n’amuddamu: Simumanyi, naye obeera oly’awo abantu beShami bamwagala. Farazidaq n’agamba – kubanga yaliwo – nti: naye nze mumanyi. Omusajja weshami n’amubuuza: y’ani oyo, owange ggwe taata wa Firaas? Farazidaq n’atandiika okumubanjulira mungeri ya qaswiidah.
Zino, zezimu muqaswiidaze:
Oyo, y’oyo Makka gw’emanyi wonna w’aba alinnye
Nenyumba emumanyi n’abali ebweeru bwaharam nemunda
Oyo yemutabanyi w’oyo asinga abaddu bakatonda bonna
Oyo omuti wakatonda omutukuvu owolulyo olutukuze
Oyo, y’oyo Ahmad omulonde gweyazaala
Okutuusa bweyagamba:
Era jajjaawe wamubaQuraish era nga y’abali waggulu
Muhamad, ne Ali oluvanyumalwe, bendera
Ye Badir emuwaako obujulizi nekiwonvu ekya Ihud
Ne Khandaq ebbiri nolunaku lwebaggulawo Makka baamanyibwa
Ne khaibar ne Hunain zimuwaako obujulizi
Nemubaquraidha baamulaba nga olunaku oluzibu olwenzikiza([36])
Era bwetutyo bwetusanga omuyimbi wobusiraamu omwatikirivu nga ayanukula khaliifa omulyazamaanyi oyo ne qaswiida ezo era nga ayanjula Imam owamazima owomululyo lwomubaka mumbeera yebyobufuzi eyokya.
Era ekyo kyekimu kukiraga obutuufu bwomulimo ogwo mubiseera bya Hijja nokukkirizibwa kwaagwo kubanga teri n’omu mubasiraamu atamwa mulimo ogwo, kakibeere kiseera kyaHijja oba luvanyuma lwaakyo.
Nemunjogera endala, yye yafunirawo omukisa ogwekinabufuzi okubeera nga ayanjula Imam mumaaso gabasiraamu bonna abaali bagenze okulambula enyumba eyemizizo, olwokubanga yeyali omusika omutuufu owabolulyo lwaNabbi (s.a.w).
Mubutuufu, ekyafaayo ekyo, kituwa obujulizi obwanjulukufu obulaga nti omulimo ogwebyobufuzi mubiseera byaHijja gukkirizibwa mumateeka kubanga tewaaliwo kuziyiza kwonna okukwaata kumulimo nga ogwo mubiseera ebyo oba emyaaka egyaddirira.
Mazima Sunna nebyafaayo byaNabbi (s.a.w) byongera okulaga nti Nabbi (s.a.w) yakolanga emirimo egyebyobufuzi mu Hijja, awamu nokubeera nga waliyo hadith ezitutegeeza nti Hijja muteeko mumiteeko gyaJihad, olwekigambo kyaNabbi (s.a.w):
“Hijja, Jihaad nungi”([37])
“Hijja, Jihaad”([38])
“Hijja Jihaad yabuli munafu” ([39])
Era yagamba Nabbi (s.a.w) bweyali ayanukula abakazi abaamusaba abakkirize okugenda muluntalo:
“Okulwaana kwammwe, ye Hijja”.([40])
Nemuhadith endala Nabbi (s.a.w) yaliranyisa Hijja ne Jihaad ekitali mubiraaliko birala, nga bweyagamba:
“Omulwaanyi mukkubo lyakatonda, n’oyo agenze muHijja now’omu Umra, bonna bagenyi bakatonda yabayita”.([41])
Hadith eyo eraga okubeerawo enkwaatagana nenfaanagana mubuwufu nebigendererwa wakati webiraaliko ebyo byombiriri.
Oba oyinza oggamba: Mazima ekyo kiranga nti Hijja sikwesinza bwesinza kwokka – nga bwekitwaalibwa – wabula mulimo ogufaanagana nokulwaana mukkubo lyakatonda (Jihaad) mubuwufu nemubigendererwa, amakulu nti Hijja Ibaada nabyabufuzi, era gwo mukolo gwabyabufuzi nga bweguli ogwokwesinza nokwewombeeka nokwolekera eri katonda (s.w).
Noluvanyuma, ebyafaayo bitunyumiza nti Nabbi (s.a.w) yabuulira mubifo bibiri: Arafa([42]) ne Mina era n’alangirira mukubuulirakwe ebikwaata kubifo byeyalimu, nekumateeka gebyenfuna, nebyobufuzi, nokuwangaala okwawamu mubusiraamu.
Bino byebimu kubitundu byakhutubaze:
1- Mazima omusaayi gwammwe nemmaali yammwe biri haraam kummwe nga olunaku luno bweruli olwemizizo, mumweezi gwammwe guno, mukibuga kyammwe kino.
2- Abange mwenna, mazima buli kyonna ekyaali mumulembe ogwobutamanya, nkiteese wansi webigere byange bino.
3- Era omusaayi ogwayiyibwa mumulembe ogwobutamanya gusonyiyiddwa, era nga nomusaayi gwensooka okusonyiwa, gwegwa Rabii-a bn AlHaarith – yali akyayonsebwa muba Bani Sa-ad, Hudhail n’amutta.
4- Nenguzi eyomumulembe ogwobutamanya eri haraam era enguzi gyensooka okuziyiza yeya Abbas bn Abdul Mutalib.
5- Mazima buli musiraamu, muganda wamusiraamu munne, era mazima abasiraamu bonna b’aluganda, tekikkirizibwa kutoola kintu kyamuntu okujjako ekyo ky’amuwadde okuva kukusiima kwomutimagwe.
6- Ebintu bisatu tebikumpanyizibwa namutima gwamusiraamu: okukola omulimo kulwakatoonda, ebirowoozo byaba Imam bamazima, nobutawukana kubakkiriza.
7- Abantu mubusiraamu, bali kyenkanyi, bonna baava mu Adamu ne Hawa, tewali njawulo wakati wamuwarabu natali muwarabu okujjako okutya katonda.
8- Mazima omusiraamu muganda wamusiraamu, tamukumpanya, era tamubuzabuuza, era tamugeya, era takkirizibwa kuyiwa musaayi gwamunne oba okumujjako ekintu kyonna okujjako nakusiima kwamutimagwe.
9- Temuddangayo oluvanyuma lwange nemubeera abakaafiiri ababuze abamu nebafuga bannaabwe.
10- Mazima mmwe mujja kubuuzibwa kale aliwo mummwe atuuse kwaataliiwo.
Noluvanyuma, yabatooza obujulizi kw’ebyo byeyabatusaako, era nebabumuwaako.([43])
Era obeera aly’awo amaduwa ne adhikaar ebyaava kumubaka wakatonda (s.a.w) muHijja – ebirimu ebikwaata kubyobufuzi awamu nokwawula katonda – byebisinga okuwa obujulizi kukubeera nti Hijja kyekiseera ekisaana abasiraamu okwolesezaamu endowooza zaabwe zebalina kubalabe bakatonda nobusiraamu okusingiraddala, era bwetuba tukitegedde, tusobola okuddingana mubiseera byaHijja amadua gano:
“La Ilaaha Illa Llahu wahdah la shariika lahu, lahul mulk walahul hamdu yuhye wayumiitu wahuwa ala kulli shai-en qadiir”.
“La Ilaaha illa Llahu wahdahu wahdah, anjaza wa-adahu, wanaswara abdah, wahazamal ahzaab wahdah”.
Ebyo, bisobola okwongerebwa kubirala ebibeera mumikolo gyaHijja ebiraga obumu nebyobufuzi, nempisa, era nga ebyo byonna byeyongera kukubeera nga Hijja mukolo gwa Ibaada nakugonda.
Abamanyi bobusiraamu n’abo abalowoleza obusiraamu baalaza kumigaso egifunibwa okuva mumikolo egyo, nga ensonga zeddiini, nebyenfuna, nobulamu bwawamu, nebyobufuzi.
Era waliyo nebiraga nti mazima Nabbi (s.a.w) yagatta emirimo egyokwesinza nebigendererwa awamu nebyobufuzi muHijja.
Mubukhar mulimu hadith okuva ku Sa-ad bn Jubair okuva ku Ibn Abaas, yagamba:
“Nabbi (s.a.w) bweyamala okutuuka mumwaaka gweyafuniramu eddembe, yagamba: mutambulire mumusenyu – olwokulaga bamushirikiin amaanyi gaabwe”.([44])
Ate Ibn Alkathiir kunkomerero yagamba:
“Nabbi (s.a.w) yalagira baswahababe okwetoloola nga bayita mumusenyo bwebaali baliwa Umrah olwokulaga bamushirikiin amaanyi gaabwe oluvanyuma olwokubagamba: Okwookya kwe Madiina kubanafuyizza nga ate kwo – okutambuza ebigere – kuli sunna Munnetoloola ezimu.
Era ensonga z’obusiraamu bwezamala okutereera n’okutebenkera, Umar yagamba: lwaaki Tawwaf “Okwetoloola” ekoleddwa mungeri eyo, nokwolesa emikolo nobuwufu nga ate katonda yayolesa obusiraamu n’asangulawo obukafiiri nebanannyinibwo ...”
Era Ibn Athiir yagamba:
“Ekigendererwa mukigambo kya Umar “lwaaki Tawwaf ekole-ddwa bw’etyo” ategeeza Tawwaf eyateekebwaawo kulwabakaafiiri”.
Ebyo, biraga nti kisaana okugatta Hijja nebigendererwa ebyobufuzi nebyolutalo lweddiini nga okukanga abalabe nokutamwa emirimo gyaabwe nokubajja kunkwe zaabwe nokubaswaaza kunkola yaabwe.
Noluvanyuma, olowooza tekirina makulu Nabbi (s.a.w) okulonda essuula ebbiri eza Tawheed (Ikhlaas, kafirun) okubeera nga zeziso-mwa mu Swalaat Tawwaf,([45]) n’okwagaliza omusiraamu ali muHijja okuzisoma awamu nokubeera nga waliyo essuula endala ne Aya eziwera ezirina amakulu nokuyigiriza empisa nokulera okusinga ezo?
Era hadith ezo, zikakasa nti ekiseera kya Hijja, nemulukungaana olwo olubeera olwensi yonna olubuna abasiraamu, mwemusinga obulungi okulangiriramu endowooza zebyobufuzi ezaawukana kunkola yobukaafiiri nokwekuluntaza, era nga bwetukifuna nti mazima Umar bn khatab yali agambanga mukiseera kya takbiir nokunyweegera ejjinja:
“Nsoose okwogera kulinnya lyakatonda, era katonda wakitiibwa olw’ebyo byeyatuyigiriza natulungamya, teri yesinzibwa okujjako Allah era talina kimwenkana, nzikiriza katonda ate ne njeemera staani”.([46])
Ate era Imam Ja-afar bn Muhamad Swaadiq (a.s) yagamba – bweyali anyonyola ekigendererwa kya Hijja:
“Mazima katonda owekitiibwa yatonda ebitonde awatali nsonga wabula yye yayagala, n’akikola. Yabatonda n’abawa ekiseera ekigere, yabalagira era n’abaziyiza kw’ebyo ebirimu okugonda muddiini nebibagasa mubulamu obwensi yaabwe, yateekamu – muHijja – okukungaana okw’abantu okuva mushariq okutuusa mugarib olwokumanyagana ... era mumanye obuwufu bwomubaka wakatonda (s.a.w) nabyonna ebibukwaatako buleme kwerabirwa. Singa buli kibinja kyaali kisigala munsi yaakyo, nekisigala kwebyo byokka byekirina, balizikiridde, ensi nezononeka, ebyenfuna namagoba byalibadde bigwa, amawulire negatamanyibwa, nebabeera nga tebalina kyebagasiddwa, Ekyo, kyekigendererwa muHijja”.([47])
Era Imam (a.s) yagamba:
“Teriiyo kifo kyonna katonda kyayagala okusinga ekyo ekikolerwaamu Sa-ayi “Okusebettera” kubanga buli mwekuluntaze agonderamu”.([48])
Mazima ebyafaayo bitunyumiza nti abaatusooka abalongoofu, bwebaagendanga muHijja, tebeesibanga kumikolo nakwesinza kwokka, wabula baafuna omukolo gwa Hijja nga mukisa okukoleramu emirimo egyebyobufuzi era bagitwaala nga ekitundu ekimanyiddwa mukiraaliko kino sossi nga ekivudde ebweeru waakyo nekyongerwaamu obwongerwa.
Kale ky’ova alaba nga Imam Hussein mutabaniwa Ali muzzukulu womubaka (s.a.w) yali awakanya buli mufuzi omulyazamaanyi mubafuzi bomulembegwe mu Mina munnaku zaHijja.
Mazima yakunganya (a.s) abolulyo lwa Hashim, abasajja baamu nabakazi, n’abaddu, eyakola Hijja mubo natannaba, nokuva muba Aniswaar abamumanyi nabantu baabwe, noluvanyuma talina gweyaleka mubaswahaaba bomubaka wakatonda (s.a.w) n’abaana baabwe nabo abaddirira omulembe gwaba Swahaaba, neb’aniswaar abaaweebwa obuvunanyizibwa obwokulongoosa nokusala. Baakun-gaana waali muMina abasajja abaali basoba olukumi, nga Imam Hussein (a.s) ali wansi wolugoye, era nga abasinga obungi bebataabi-en nabaana babaswahaaba.
Imam Hussein (a.s) yayimirira mubo nga ababuulirira. Okusooka, yeebaza katonda, n’amutendereza, oluvanyuma n’agamba:
“Oluvanyuma lw’ebyo, mazima omulyaazamaanyi oyo yatukola ebyo byemwamanya era nemulaba, nemubiwaako nobujulizi era nemubituusa kubalala. Naye mazima njagala mbabuuze kubintu, bwennaayogera amazima, munkakase, ate bwennaba nnimbye, munnimbise, muwulirize ebigambo byange era mubikuume, noluvanyuma muddeyo mubitundu byammwe nemubika byammwe, mulabemu abo bemwesiga, mubakoowoole eri ebyo byemutegedde kubanga nze ntya okubuzibwabuzibwa kwamazima gano negabula, naye Allah yenannyini kujjuza kitangaalakye wadde nga abakaafiiri batamwa”.([49])
Imam Hussein (a.s) talina kyonna kyeyaleka mw’ebyo katonda byeyabassaamu muQur’an okujjako nga yabyogera ...
Era n’agamba:
“Mbasaba kulwakatonda muddeyo munyumize abo bokka bemwesiga”.
Oluvanyuma yakka, abantu nebagenda nga bali kwekyo. Ate wano Uthman bn Affan awandiikira ebibuga byobusiraamu byonna mubiseera byobufuzibwe nga agamba mubyo:
“Mazima nze nja kunenya abakozi bange bwebanaaba bawukanye kw’ebyo byenjagala, mubuli mukolo gwaHijja, era mazima nateeka ekibiina kukulagira okukola obulungi nokuziyiza obibi, kale teri nsonga yonna eretebwa jendi oba eri omu kubakozi bange okujjako nga ngimukolerako, nze sirina buyinza wadde abakozi kuyingira munsonga zabantu wabula zabalekerwa, naye abantu abeMadiina bangamba nti eriyo abantu abavumwa n’abamu nebakubwa. Omuntu yenna gwebaakola ekimu kw’ebyo, ajje mubiseera bya Hijja ebeere nga afuna ekyo ekimusaana okuva gyendi oba okuva eri abakozi bange, oba muwe saddaaka, mazima Allah awa abasaddaaka empeera”.([50])
Ekiseera ekyo, abataali basiraamu baafuna omukisa mubiseera byaHijja okubeera nga batwaala ensonga zaabwe eri khalifa, era naye n’abeera nga abamalira ensonga zaabwe mubiseera ebyo ebyaHijja, Sossi luvanyuma lwaayo. Fenna tumanyi ekyafaayo ekya Ibn AlQibti oyo eyali mumpaka ne Ibn Waali we Misir era eyagiggulawo, Amru Bn Al-Aswi. Naye Ibn Alqibti n’asinga, mutabanyi wa Amru n’amukuba, okutuusa taatawe lweyatwaala ensonga eri Umar, kale Alqibti n’amwesasuza mubiseera byaHijja nga abantu balaba era bawulira, oluvanyuma n’agamba omukulembeze we Misir Amru bn Al-Aswi mumaaso g’abo abaali bakungaanye:
“Owange ggwe Amru bn Al-Aswi, mwafuuladdi abantu okubeera abaddu nga ate bakadde baabwe babazaala nga baddembe”([51])
Mpozzi kyetutayinza kwerabira, byebigambo byomuwandiisi owobusiraamu ali kumulembe Doctoor Yusuf Qardhawe ebiri mukitabo ekyamaanyi “Al-Ibaada fil Islam”:
“Abasika (baNabbi) baamanya omugaso ogwolukungaana olwo olwensi yonna, kale kyebaava bateekamu ekibangirizi ekyokusisinkaniramu n’abo ababa bavudde mubitundu ebyawala, era mwebasisinkanira nabakozi baabwe mumatwaale gaabwe, omuntu yenna eyabeeranga nokulyaazamanyizibwa okuva mubalala oba okwemulugunya kwonna, yatukiriranga khaliifa awatali jjiji lyonna wadde gwayisizaamu eddoboozi, era nga abatwaalibwa bolekeza ebigambo byaabwe eri ababatwaala nga bonna bali mumaaso gakhaliifa awatali kutiisibwatiisibwa, omunafu nayambibwa, ate alyazamanyiziddwa n’aweebwa ekikye, buli kimu nekiddizibwa eri nannyinikyo wadde nga kibadde mumikono gyamukulembeze oba khaliifa”.
Kale Hijja bwebeera nga lukungaana lwakunyonyoleramu bulyazamaanyi bwabakulembeze babasiraamu nakubemulugunyaako, tolaba nga ekisinga obulungi muyo kwekwemulugunya kw’abo abefuula nti bebafuzi babantu nabakozi baabwe, nokubeera nga tununula abasiraamu okuva mubufuzi bwaabwe?
Era okiraba nga kisaana okwemulugunya kumukulembeze omusiraamu bw’aba abuuse amateeka, ate netuleka abo abafuga abantu nebabalyazamaanya nebabatusaako buli rangi yabibonerezo?
Mazima abamanyi nabalowoleza obusiraamu, baawandiika bingi ebikwaata kubukulu bwaHijja kuludda olukwaata kubyobufuzi, nobulamu obwokuwangalira awamu era nebalaba nga Hijja lwerukungaana olusinga obulungi eri abasiraamu okubeera nga balagiriramu obusobozi bwaabwe, nokulengera kwaabwe, nobumu bwaabwe mubigambo nemukukola nokuwulira.
Ono ye Allahmah muhamad Fariid wajdi awandiika kuHijja okusinzira kukumanyakwe nga agamba:
“Ebikwaata kubigendererwa ebyalalisa Hijja kubasiraamu, tebisoboka kuggweera mukitabo kino era n’ekinzigira mubwongo kubikwaata kuHijja, singa abakulembeze babasiraamu baayagala okugigasibwaamu mukugatta abasiraamu, balibadde bakisobola kubanga okukungaana okwenkuminenkumi z’abantu mukibangirizi ekimu okuva mubitundu byensi yonna, abasiraamu bonna nebolekeza emitima gyaabwe namatu gaabwe eri buli kyonna ekyogerwa gyebali, bonna bafuna enkyuuka eyomwoyo ogumu nokusingiraddala singa kyebabayitira kibeeramu ebibagasa. Bwebaba bazzeeyo munsi zaabwe, nebasaasaana mubitundu byaabwe nebasaasaanya ebyo byebaayiga wakati mubaganda baabwe nebabeera nga ababakikiridde mulukungaana olubuna olwabuli mwaaka omulundi guma. Kale mugasoki ogulinga ogwo gwetufuna okuva mumukolo ogwo ogwekitiibwa mubulamu obwekibiina kino ekinene, era biki byosuubira ebiyinza okuva mukukulaakulana kwobusiraamu singa kiba kizuukuse? Ojja kulaba nga ekisinga obukulu mw’ebyo ebinavaamu, kwekusanga ensi ezamaamira ensi ezimu ezabasiraamu nga ziziyiza ababagoberera okukola Hijja olw’ekyo era singa okukulaakulana kwaabuna mubantu bonna, teriiyo n’omu ayinza kubayimiriza, Allah yenanyini nsongo okuviiraddala kuntandikwa noluvanyuma”([52])
Era waliwo nebiri mukitabo “Addiin walHajji alal madhahibil aruba-a”:
“Hijja kkubo lyakumanyagana nakutegeeragana nakwenka-nyankanya nakunyweeza nkolagana nakukwaatagana nakuyunga wakati wensi zobusiraamu, olwo emitima gyabasiraamu giryooke gyikwaatagane nekigambo kyaabwe kiryooke kyegatte olwokukola ebyo ebirongoosa embeera yaabwe nokulongoosa ebyo ebyayononeka munkola yaabwe”.
Ne ustadh owekitiibwa Muhamad Almubarak omuwi wamagezi mu University Almalk Abdul Aziiz, yawandiika nagamba:
“Nokugonda mungeri eyokwesinza okwokumalirira okubeera muHijja nga ojjeeko enkolagana eyawamu ennungi, Hijja lukungaana lwansi yonna, abalukunganiramu babeera mukifo kimu, nga besinza katonda omu, naye awamu n’ekyo, okwesinza okwo okwekitalo, tekweyawudde kubulamu kukwaatagana nabwo kubanga Allah agamba “... balyooke balabe emigaso gyaabwe, era bogere kulinnya lyakatonda munnaku ezimanyiddwa”. Okulaba emigaso gyaabwe”, kibuna era kisoboka okuzingiramu buli kyonna ekigasa abasiraamu”.
Kale omulimo ogwebyobufuzi bweguba gusaana muHijja, - nga bwotegedde okuva mukitabo nemusunna nebyafaayo byabalongoofu abaasooka nebigambo ebyabamanyi ebebitiibwa – Hijja, mukisa gwamaanyi era kyekiseera ekisaana okutiisizaamu abalabe nokuko-mya enkwe zaabwe. Mubutuufu, mulabe wankolaki oyo atuuka okuva mu Amerika oyo awalana abasiraamu nobusiramu emirembe nemirembe na’babajjako ebirungi byaabwe n’ababatundira namafuta gaabwe?
Era balabeki betulina okusinga Israel abaganyaga ettaka lyaffe nebagobaganya abantu baffe, nebatta – era bakyatta – abatuuze be Palastine, nebayiwa omusaayi gwaabwe nebonoona nebintu byaabwe?
Ani eyasinga okutukolako obulabe nga Russia eyo eyawalana obusiraamu nabasiraamu munzikiriza nemubintu ebirala era netuuka okunyaga ettaka lyaffe mu Afaganistan netta nabantu baamu, nezikiriza ebibuga byaayo ... nokutuusa kati?
Era ani eyatukolako obulabe okusinga Britain eyo eyagunjawo ensi – Israel – etalina nsibuko, nebegatta wamu nebatukolera enkwe awamu nensaalwa?
Mulabeki gwetuli asinga Faransa (France) eyatuttira abantu baffe abasiraamu emitwaalo nemitwaalo mu Algeria – nga ate bakyatta n’okutuusa kati okusinziira kunkwe zaayo munsi zabasiraamu?
Era lwaaki twawula wakati wa America ne Russia nga ate enzikiriza yaabwe eyobukafiiri eri emu, nokuwakanya eddiini yaffe, nokwegatta mukutusalira enkwe, nokutta abantu baffe, nokubba ebyobugagga byaffe?
Era lwaaki tuleka omukisa gwaHijja omuyitirivu nolukungaana olubeeramu obukadde bwabantu okuva munsi amakumi ana ezobusiraamu, egenda nga tetufunyeemu mugaso gwakuzuukusa basiraamu nokubamanyisa obulyazamaanyi bwaba Garib nabe Mashariq. Abaffe, ffe tumanyi amateeka gaHijja okusinga Nabbi (s.a.w) n’abaatusooka abalongoofu oluvanyumalwe abo abo abaali bagatta muHijja okwesinza nemirimo gyebyobufuzi?
Era lwaaki tetuwa mukisa mubitundu nga makka, Madiina, Arafaat ne Mina eri abo abalyazamanyizibwa nga abe palastine, Philipine, Iraq, Iran, Afaganstan, Africa, Lebanon, Eriterea, nebitundu ebirala babeere nga banyonyola okulyazamanyizibwa kwaabwe era bamanyise abasiraamu ebizibu byebasanga ebyokuttibwa nokufu-gibwa obumbula okuva eri abo abali awamu nabo?
Lwaaki abakulembeze be Makka na Madiina tebateekawo nteekateeka eyokukungaana mungeri ya semina olwokutegeeza abasiraamu obukakafu bwokufugibwa na America ne Russia, Britain, France, nenkola yaabwe enyigiriza era nebababuulira okubalwanyisa kwebabalwanyisaamu mungeri eyokubatiisatiisa nokubatta.
Hijja erituusaddi nga ekolebwa naye nga teriimu buwufu bwabulamu obwawamu nobwebyobufuzi, era nga essibwa kumbeera abagiri ebweeru gyebagala?
Era abasiraamu balituusaddi nga bakungaanga omuwendo ogwo omunene bwegutyo okuva munsonda zensi yonna, kyokka buli omu nayawukana nemugandawe awatali kumanyagana wadde buli omu okutegeera ebizibu byamunne nendowoozaze?
Era tunatuusaddi nga tusubwa omukisa ogwo ogwomugaso obusiraamu bwegwateekerateekera ekibiina kino?
Era omukisa gwaHijja bweguba gutuyiseeko, kifooki kyetuyinza okukungaaniramu omuwendo ogwenkana nga ogwomuHijja era ogubeera omwetefuteefu okwanukula omulanga gwonna ogwobusiraamu ogubasaba okwewaayo mukkubo lyakatonda oba ogubakuutira okwekulaakulanya?
Era ngeriki abafuzi beHijaaz gyebalekamu omukisa gwaHijja negugenda obwerere nebaziyiza abasiraamu okugugasibwaamu nga katonda bweyalagira:
“Balyooka bafune emigaso gyaabwe”?
Ate abakulembeze nga tubalese, abasiraamu nabo bennyini bakkiriza batya okuleka omukisa gwaHijja negubagendako awatali kwanjuliramu bizibu byaabwe nakubimala?
Tusigazizza okunonyereza kubintu bibiri ebikulu mukukomek-kereza kuno, era byebino:
A. Okukaabira omufu oluberyeberye lwokuziikibwa oba oluvanyuma.
B. Okwongera enjatuza ya “Abdu” kukitonde.
Obeera olyawo atamanyi ayinza okulowooza amateeka gobusiraamu nti gali haraam nga ate sibwegali. Nolwekyo, tugenda kunyonyola okulamula kwebintu ebyo ebibiri nga twesigamira kuQur’an ne Sunna:
Omuntu tanenyezebwa singa ayimirira kuntaana yaNabbiwe neba Imam mubantu benyumbaye (a.s) n’abo abalungi mubaswahaababe (r.a) n’akaaba era n’anakuwala nga alaga okwagala kw’alina gyebali. Mazima enkola eyo, ekwaatagana nobutonde bwobuntu era amateeka gakatonda tegagigaana.
Mpozzi, bwetwetegereza obutonde, tukiraba bulungi nti okunakuwala kikwaatagana nokulumirwa kwobuntu kubanga omuntu buli lw’afuna okukemebwa najjibwaako omu kumikwaanogye oba abolugandalwe afuna obunakuwavu era omuntu bw’aba talina mbeera eyo, abalibwa nga yye ayawukana nobutonde bwobuntu, era sirabangayo n’omu kunsi asobola kuwakanya mazima ago.
Ate bwetutunula mumateeka gobusiraamu, kimala bumazi okusanga nga Nabbi owekitiibwa (s.a.w) nebaswahaaba nabo abaabagoberera mubulongoofu, bonna baakabiranga abafu baabwe.
Omubaka wakatonda (s.a.w) yakaaba nga afiiriddwa Omwaanawe Ibrahim era n’agamba:
“Amaaso gakaaba, omutima negunakuwala, naye tetusaana kwogera okujjako ekyo omulezi waffe kyasiima, naye nga tukunaku-walidde owange ggwe Ibrahim”.([53])
Abanabyafaayo bagamba nti Ibrahim bn Nabbi (s.a.w) bwamala okufa, Nabbi (s.a.w) yajja n’amusanga nga ali kumubiri gwamaamawe, Nabbi namumujjako n’amuteeka kugugwe, oluvany-uma n’agamba:
“Owange ggwe Ibrahim, mazima ffe tetulina kyetugenda kukugasa wakatonda – ekiseera ekyo amaasoge gaafukumuka amaziga n’agamba: - mazima ffe tukunakuwalidde nnyo owange Ibrahim, amaaso gakaaba, omutima negunakuwala naye tetwogera kyona ekiyinza okunyiiza katonda, era singa okufa tekwaali nga kukakafu era nga ndagaano yamazima era nga weeri ekyagenda mumaaso, twalibadde tukunakuwalira olunakuwala olusinga luno”.
Abdurrahman bn Auf bwamala okumubuuza nti: Wali toziyizza bantu kukaaba? Yamuddamu:
“Nedda, wabula nagaana amaloboozi abiri agatali gakitegeevu n’abiri amalala: okusitula eddoboozi mukiseera kyekizibu nokukuba ebyeenyi nokuyuza ensawo zengoye nokukuba ebiwoobe neddoboozi lyebinyumo. Era okwo kwonna kusaasira, nomuntu atasaasira, tasaasirwa”.([54])
Ate okukaaba okwo sikwekwasooka era nekukoma – okuva mu Nabbi (s.a.w) – mubiseera byokukemebwa nokujjibwaako abantu, wabula yali akaabira kumwaanawe “Twahir” era n’agamba:
“Mazima amaaso gakaaba ate omutima gunakuwala naye tetugyeemera katonda omugulumivu”.([55])
Allamah Al-Amiine – mukitabokye ekinene ekiyitibwa Gadiir – yakunganya ebifo bingi Nabbi (s.a.w) byeyakaabiramu, nebaswahaab nabaabaddirira byebakaabiramu abafu baabwe nabemikwaano bwebaalinga babafuddeko.Mpozzi tujja kunyonyola nga twesigamira kw’abo abamanyi ebyafaayo:
[Nabbi (s.a.w) yakaaba: Hamza (r.a) bwamala okuttibwa swafiyya bint Abdul Muttalib yajja (r.a) nga amwagala naye b’Aniswaar nebagaana, Nabbi (s.a.w) n’abagamba nti mumuleke, Swafiyya yatuula awali Nabbi (s.a.w) n’akaaba, ne Nabbi naye n’akaaba.([56]) Era yali Fatima (a.s) nga buli lwakaaba n’omubaka wakatonda naye akaaba, n’agamba: Sijja kuddamu kufuna mutawaana nga kufaakwo.
Era nabwekityo, omubaka wakatonda (s.a.w) bweyamala okukomawo okuva mulutalo – Uhdi – abakazi b’Aniswaar baakaaba olwabantu baabwe abaafiiramu, okutuusa Nabbi (s.a.w) bweyawulira, oluvanyuma n’agamba: Naye Hamza talina bamukaabira. Ekiseera ekyo, b’Aniswaar baddayo eri bakazi baabwe nebabagamba: temubeerako n’omu gwemukaabira okujjako nga mutandika ne Hamza. Yagamba: Ekyo kibalimu nokutuusa olwaleero, teri akaaba okujjako nga atandika ne Hamza.([57])
Era Nabbi (s.a.w) yabika Jafar ne zaid bn Haritha ne Abdullah bn Rawwaha nga amaasoge gakulukuta amaziga.([58])
Era nga bweyakaaba nga agenze okulambula entaana ya maamawe nabaaliwo nabo nebakaaba.([59])
Era bw’atyo Nabbi (s.a.w) yanyweegera Uthman bn Ma-adhun nga afudde era nga amaziga gaNabbi (s.a.w) gakulukutira kumatamage.([60])
Nga era Nabbi (s.a.w) bweyakaabira omwaana w’omu mubawalaabe, Ubaada bn Swamit n’amugamba: kiki ekyo ky’okola owange ggwe omubaka wakatonda? N’amugamba: Okusaasira katonda kweyateeka mubantu, ate era katonda asaasira abantu mubaddube abo abasaasizi.([61])
Fatima Zahara yakaaba omubaka waktonda (s.a.w), n’agamba: Owange ggwe taata ali okumpi nomuleziwe, owange ggwe taata eyayanukula omulanga gwakatonda, owange ggwe taata gwetubika ewa Jibreel, owange ggwe taata alina eJana Firdawse nga bwebuddiro.([62])
Era teyakonma awo (a.s) wabula yayimirira kuntaana yataatawe entukuvu, n’akwaata ettaka lyaayo n’alyeteeka mumaaso, n’akaaba,n’agamba:
Kiki ekibeera kw’oyo awunyiza kuttaka lya Ahmad
Okubeera nga taddayo kuwunyiza kukintu kyonna emirembe gyonna
Ntekeddwaako ebizibu, singa mazima bbyo
Byateekebwa kubudde bwemisana, bwalifuuse bwaakiro([63])
Era si oyo yekka, wabula ne Abubakar bn Abi Quhaafa yakaaba omubaka wakatonda (s.a.w) era n’afuna okunyolwa n’agamba:
Owange ggwe eriiso, kaaba era tokoowa
Era kyakakasibwa okukaabira omukulembezer
Ne Hassan bn Thabin yakaaba omubaka wakatonda (s.a.w), n’agamba:
Mbadde ngakaabya kulwomubaka wakatonda nengaweesa
Eddembe amaaso nebigafaanana ebikowekowe nempumula
Era yagamba:
Bakaabira oyo eggulu gweryakaabira olunakulwe
Era oyo ensi gweyakaabira, kale abantu bonna banakuwavu.
Era yagamba:
Owange ggwe eriiso vaamu amaziga gakulukute
Era tokoowa kufulumya maziga nokweyongera
Ne Uruwa bint Abdul Muttalib yakaaba omubaka wakatonda (s.a.w) n’agamba:
Abange mmwe amaaso, mubaddeki, munnyambe
Mufulumye amaziga ebbanga lyennaamala era mungodere
Abange mmwe amaaso, mubaddeki, mwolese amaziga
Eri ekitangaala kyensi era munnyambe
Ne Atikah bint Abdul Muttalib yanakuwala n’agamba:
Amaaso gange mufulumye amaziga emirembe gyonna
Era mugafukumule awatali kulekeraawo
Amaaso gange, nsima n’amaziga gakungaane
Mpaka kufa nga mufukirira awatali kukoma
Abange mmwe amaaso mufukumule amaziga era munyiikire
Eri Nabbi, Okuleka ebitonde byakatonda ebisigadde nobutangaavu
Ne Swafiyya bint Abdul Muttalib yakaabira Nabi (s.a.w) n’agamba:
Owange ggwe Fatuma kaaba era tokoowa
Njakuba n’awe ebbanga enjuba lyenamala nga evaayo
Yye, yemuntu akaabirwa era nobukakafu bwokukaaba
Buli kuwekitiibwa omufuzi omulungi.
Era yagamba:
Abange mmwe amaaso gange mumpe amaziga agagwaana
Ekiwubaalo kitandika nakintu kivuddewo
Abange mmwe amaaso gange, musime muyiike
Mubungi nennaku eyekitalo nobulumi.
Ne Hindi bint AlHarith bn Abdul Muttalib yamukaabira n’agamba:
Owange ggwe eriiso, fulumya amaziga mubwangu
Nga enkuba bwetonnya nesaasaana
Ne Hindi bint Athatha yanakuwala n’agamba:
Abange mmwe amaaso, mukaabe, temukoowa
Okubika kukedde oyo gwenjagala.
Atika bint Zaid naye yanyolwa n’agamba:
Ebyebagalwaabye byabuwungeeza nga biri mukiwuubaalo
Era yali abyebagala nga yomuwunda waabyo
Era byabuwungeeza nga bikaabira owekitiibwa
Nga amaaso gaabyo gaddingana ekyokuyiga kyaabyo.
Ne Umm Aiman bwa’tyo yanakuwala kulwomubaka wakatonda (s.a.w) n’agamba:
Eriiso lyange, fulumya amaziga kubanga mukukaaba
Mulimu okuwona, kale yitiriza okukaaba
Amaziga amayitirivu gakuveemu okutuusa
Katonda bwanakugerera nekyo ekisinga obulungi([64])
Maama wa Jaber bn Abdullah yajja olunaku lwa Uhdi n’akaabira mwannyina Abdullah bn Amru. Jaber agamba: natandika okukaaba, abantu nebanziyiza naye nga ate omubaka wakatonda tangaana era n’agamba (s.a.w): kamumukaabire oba temumukaabidde, ndayidde katonda baMalayika babadde bakyamubikiridde okutuusa bwemumuziise]([65])
Mpozzi waliwo ebyayogerwa okuva k’Umar bn Khattab ne Abdullah bn Umar, mazima omubaka wakatonda (s.a.w) yagamba:
“Mazima omufu abonerezebwa nokukaaba kwabantube”, naye nze ngamba nti kungulu kwahadith eyo kwawukana nekikolwa kyakhalifa mubifo bingi nga Tarekh bweyabyogera.
Mubyo: mazima yye yakaabira Nouman bn Maqran Almuzini, bwebaamala okumubikira, n’agenda okubikira abantu kukituuti (Mimbar), n’ateeka omukonogwe kumutweegwe, oluvanyuma n’akaaba.([66])
Nekirala: Okukaabakwe ne Abubakar bwebakaabira Saad bn Ma-an okutuusa Aisha bweyagamba: Ndayidde oyo alina omutima gwa Muhamad mumukonogwe, nze namanya okukaaba kwa Abubakar nenkwaawula kukwa Umar nga ndi mukisenge kyange.([67])
Ekirala: Bweyakaabira mugandawe Zaid bn khattab, era yalina omusajja eyamuwerekera muba bani Adiyyi bn kaab, naddayo eMadiina. Umar bwamala okumulaba, n’akaaba, n’agamba: Era olese Zaid nga afudde nonzijira.([68])
Mubufuufu, okukaaba kwakhalifa okuddingana kutulaga nti ekigendererwa kyahadith – bwebeera entuufu – kirala kubanga bwetugamba nti hadith eyo ntuufu, eba eyawukana ne Qur’an eyekitiibwa mu Aya egamba: “Era Omuntu tagenda kwetikka mugugu gwamulala”.([69])
Kale kiba kitegeezaki okubonereza omufu olwokukaaba kwomulala!!
Shafi-e yagamba: “Ebyo Aisha byeyayogera okuva kumubaka wakatonda (s.a.w) bifaanana okubeera nga by’ava kuye (s.a.w) okusinziira kuQur’an ne Sunna, bwekiba kibuuziddwa nti bujuliziki okuva mukitabo?
Okwanukula kuli mukigambo kyakatonda: “Teri muntu agenda kwetikka mugugu gwamunne” ne “Omuntu talina kyagenda kufuna okujjako ekyo kyeyakolerera”([70]) nekigambo kya Allah: “Omuntu bwakola akalimo konna nga kulungi ajja kukalaba n’oyo akola akalimo akabi kakabeere katono katya, naye ajja kukalaba”([71]) nekigambokye: “Buli mutima gulyooke gufune ekyo kyegwakolerera”.([72])
Ate bwekibuuzibwa nti obujulizi okuva musunna buliwa? Kiddibwaamu nti:
Omubaka wakatonda yabuuza omusajja: oyo mwaanawo? N’agamba: yyee, n’agamba: naye mazima yye takuyingiza mumusangogwe wadde ggwe okumuyingiza mugugwo. Kale omubaka wakatonda (s.a.w) yayigiriza nga Allah bweyayigiriza nti omusango ogwabuli omu guli kuye nga buli mulimo bweguli kuye sossi kumulala”.([73])
Ebigambo ebyo byonna bitutegeeza nti ekigendererwa muhadith “mazima omufu abonerezebwa nokukaaba kwabantube” – bwebeera entuufu – siky’ekyo ekitegeerekeka okuva kungulu kwaayo. Hadith eyo yalimu ebigambo ebirala naye nebibula era kyekyavaako abamu okulowooza nti okukaabira omufu kuli haraam olwokwesigamira kuhadith eyo nga bweeri, nebeerabira ekigendererwa nekikulu muyo.
Umrat yagamba: Yye yawulira Aisha (r.a) nga amugamba nti Abdullah bn Umar agamba: Mazima omufu abonerezebwa olwokukaaba kwomulamu, Aisha (r.a) n’agamba nti teyalimba wabula yakola nsobi oba yerabira kubanga yye omubaka wakatonda (s.a.w) yayita kumuyahuud omukazi nga abantube bamukaabira, Nabbi kyaava agamba: mazima bbo bamukaabira naye abonerezebwa muntaanaye.([74])
Ne hadith endala eva ku Uruwa, okuva ku Abdullah bn Umar yagamba: Omubaka wakatonda (s.a.w) yagamba: mazima omufu abonerezebwa Olwabantube okumukaabira. Oluvanyuma n’abuulira Aisha, era naye n’agamba – nga ategeeza Ibn Umar -: Mazima Nabbi yayita kuntaana yomuyahuud, n’agamba:
Mazima nannyini ntaana eyo, alimukubonerezebwa nga nabantube bali mukumukaabira. Oluvanyuma Aisha n’asoma: Teri muntu agenda kwetikka mugugu gwamunne”.([75])
Ago gemakulu ga hadith era omuntu alina kyamanyi kuQur’an ne Sunna tayinza kubusabuusa butuufu bwamakulu ago.
Era hadith endala jeeziri eziraga nti omubaka wakatonda (s.a.w) yaziyiza Umar okugaana abakazi abakaabira omufu.
Hadith yava ku Ibn Abbas, yagamba: Zainabu – muwala waNabbi – bweyafa, omubaka wakatonda (s.a.w) yagamba: mumuyunge kumulongoofu waffe eyasooka, Uthman bn Madh-un. Abakazi nebakaaba, Umar natandika okubakuba nomuggogwe, naye Nabbi (s.a.w) n’amukwaata omukono, n’amugamba: kakkana, owange ggwe Umar, baleke bakaabe wabula tebakuba ebiwoobe – okutuusa bweyagamba-:
Era omubaka wakatonda n’atuula kumabbali gentaana, ne Fatuma n’atuula waali, n’akaaba, Nabbi namusangula amaziga nolugoyerwe olwokumusaasira.([76])
Ne hadith ya Baihaqe mu Sunan alkubra bw’etyo mukufa kwa Ruqayya bint Nabbi (s.a.w), Nabbi n’agamba: leka owange ggwe Umar, oluvanyuma n’agamba mwewale okusitula amaloboozi waggulu nga enkola ya Shaitan, kubanga buli kyonna ekibeera mumaaso nemumutima kiba kivudde mukusaasira ate ekyo ekibeera kululimi ne mumukono biva wa Shaitan.([77])
Nemuhadith endala: Nabbi n’agamba: Owange ggwe Umar, baleke kubanga eriiso likaaba bukaabi naye nga omutima gwegukosebwa ate era nendagaano eri kumpi.([78])
Hadith ezo, zetusobodde okutuusa kumusomi owekitiibwa asobole okulaba okulamula kwobusiraamu kukukaabira omufu yenna, k’abeere wakika oba wamukwaano. Bwekiba kikkirizibwa okubakaabira, ate okukaabira omubaka wakatonda kwekusinga n’abantu abenyumbaye abatukuvu nebaswahaababe abalungi.
Mubutuufu, bwekityo bwekiri kubanga hadith nyingi – okuva mubibiina byombi – ezikwaata kukukaabira. Nabbi nekulw’ebyo ebyatuuka kubantube nga bwebiri mukitaabo “Siiratuna wasunnatuna Siiratu Nabbi waSunnatuhu” ekya Allahmah Alkabiir Shaikh Abdul Hussein Al-Amiine (r.a). kale ayagala okumanya ebisingawo ayinza okutunulako mukitabo ekyo, wadde nga ebimu kubiri mukitabo kino twabijja mw’ekyo, mumulyango ogwo.
Kyamala okwatikirira eri abo abagala abantu bennyumba yaNabbi (a.s) okutuuma abaana baabwe: “Abdu Rasuul” ne “Abdu Ali” ne “Abdul Hussein” ... oba okwongera ekigambo Abdu kulinnya lyonna mumannya gaabwe (a.s).
Amannya agafaananako bwegatyo, gaaleeta akakyankalano mubantu abamu nga Abawahaab – okusingiraddala – era nga bagamba nti ako kabonero akalaga Shirik era enkola eyo tekwaatagana nabikolo bya tawheed. Mazima twaali wamu ne Shaikh Nasir Ddiini Al-Albaan – atereeza ebimu kubitabo bya hadith – mulukungaana esuuriya (syria) nemmulaba nga alimu okutamwa okwamaanyi mukwaatula erinnya lya Abdu Hussein, oluvanyuma lwahadith okujja nga yava ku Allahmah AlHujjah Sayyid Abdul Hussein Sharaf Ddiin Al-Amiliy – omuwandiisi wa muraaja-at.
Mpozzi, olw’okwaagala amazima go gennyini geyoleke, tujja kwesembesa endaba ya Qur’an ne Sunna kunsonga eyo era tugamba bwetuti:
Ekigambo buddu kyoogerwa naye nga kigendererwaamu:
1- Ekyenyume kyokwesinza, era kumakulu ago kisibuka mubufuzi obwobutonde obubuna abaddu bonna, omufuzi n’abeera nga ye Allah omugulumivu.
Era nga bwomanyi nti ensibuko yomuntu okubeera omuddu nekatonda okubeera omufuzi, lwakubeera nti yye (Allah) yomutonzi womuntu okuva mukubulawo era n’amuwa buli kyonna ekimukwaatako.
Kale obuddu mumakulu ago, yensibuko yabuli ekiriwo era yennono yabuli kintu era tekisoboka kwawukana. Era Okusinziira kumakulu ago, Qur’an wegambira:
“Teriiyo kitonde kyonna ekiri mugguli nemunsi okujjako nga kiddu mumaaso gakatonda”.([79])
Era nga ekigambo kya Isa(a.s):
“N’agamba: Mazima nze ndimuddu wakatonda, yankwaasa ekitabo era nanfuula Nabbi”([80]) ne Aya endala nyinji.
Nolw’ekyo obuddu (Ubudiyya) kumakulu ago, ekigambo abdu tuli nakukyongera ku Allah owekitiibwa yekka.
2- Ubudiyya, oluusi kitegeeza kugonda (ta-a) oba amakulu agakisemberera, nga ebitabo ebyolulimi oluwarabu bwebigamba: mukitabo, lisaanul Arab: “Ata-abbudu”: Atanassuku, “Al-Ibaada”: Atta-a. ate mukitabo, Alqamuus Almuhiit: “Al-abdiyya”, “Al-Ubuudiyya”, “Al-Ubuuda” ne “Ibaada”, ebyo byonna bitegeeza ta-a (kugonda).
Kale okusinziira kumakulu ago, ekigendererwa mu “Abdu Rrasuul, Abdu Ali...” kiri nti: Agondera omubaka, Agondera Ali era ago amakulu tegaliiko nfuufu kubanga katonda omugulumivu yatulagira okubagondera nga bwagamba:
“Mugondere katonda, mugondere n’omubaka n’abo abawi bebiragiro mummwe”.([81])
Ekitegeeza nti Qur’an yatutegeeza nti Nabbi (s.a.w) alina okugonderwa ate abasiraamu bamugondere, kale omuntu tanenyezebwa bw’aba ayolesezza amakulu ago mumannya g’abaanabe nemikwaanogye.
Mpozzi muhadith ya Abi Huraira yagamba:
“Tagambanga omu mummwe eri oyo gw’afuga nti muddu wange oba muzaana wange wabula agambe nti muvubuka wange oba muwala wange” naye Ibn Al-Athiir yawa ensonga mukitabokye “Annihaaya” n’agamba: Ekyo kyajja olwokujjawo okwekuluntaza kwaabwe gyebali nokukakasa nti obuddu bwabantu buli eri katonda kubanga yenannyini bukakafu obwo omulezi wabaddu bonna”.
Ate nehadith bwogitunuulira olaba nga eyawukana ne Qur’an eyekitiibwa kubanga yo yennyini egatta obuddu kubantu abafugibwa eri abo ababafuga. Allah agamba:
“Era mufumbize abawala mummwe nabalongoofu mubaddu bammwe nabazaana bammwe, bwebaba babadde abavu, katonda ajja kubagaggawaza nebirungibye ne Allah yenannyini kugaziyiza era mumanyi”.
Mu Aya eyo tufunamu nti katonda yateeka obuddu nobuzaana kw’abo abafugibwa era singa mw’ekyo mwalimu okwekuluntaza ku Maula (omufuzi) katonda yalibadde takozesa njogera eyo.
Noluvanyuma, bwetunonyereza ensibuko yobuzibu, tugenda okukisanga nga abo abatagyikkiriza tebaawula wakati wabuddu obwobutonde – obutawukana namuntu okuviiraddala muntandikwa yokubeerawookwe okutuusa munnakuze ezisembayo – nokufugibwa okubeera kumuntu okusinziira kumbeera nobulombolombo kubanga omukulembeze asobola okufuuka omuddu afugibwa ate nomuddu afugibwa n’afuuka omukulembeze oba omulamuzi.
Ago gemateeka gobusiraamu agalamula abo abawambiddwa mulutalo okubeera nga bafuulibwa abaddu kababeere basajja oba bakazi.
Ibn Qudama agamba mukitabokye “Almugni”:
Imam bwawamba, y’asalawo oba abatta, oba abata awatali kitu kyonna oba okubajjako emmaali, oba abeyimirira, oba bw’aba ayagadde abafuula abaddu.
N’okwongera kw’ebyo, ebitabo bya Fiqh birimu omulyango – era mugazi – ogukwaata kubaddu nabazaana era balina amateeka agabakwaatako ageyawulidde omumanyi wamateeka gobusiraamu g’asaana okwetegereza nokutegeera. Ekigambo “maula” kyekite-ekebwa kw’oyo alina abaddu beyawamba oba beyagula nga ebigambo “abdu” (Omuddu) oba “amah” (omuzaana) bwebyateekebwa kw’abo omukulembeze basalawo okufuga nabafuula abaddu. Era nkakasa bulungi nti tewali buzibu mumanyi yenna mubamanyi bweyalaba mumannya ago.
Naye ekimala enviiri kumutwe kyekigambo kya Muhamad bn Abdul Wahaab: “Mazima omuntu yena bwagamba munne nti maulaana (mukama wange) oba Sayyidana (sebo wange) abeera mukafiiri”([82]) awamu nokubeera nga Qur’an eyekitiibwa eteeka ekigambo Sayyid kumulala atali katonda nga bwegamba:
“... oyo agenda okukakasa ekigambo kyakatonda (Masiih) agenda okubeera omukulembeze era agenda okukyaawa ebyobwagazi...”([83]) era agamba – Allah (s.w):
“... N’ayuza (omukazi) olugoyerwe (olwa Yusufu) emabega nebasanga mukamaawe (owomukazi) kumulyango”.([84])
Era Allah agamba:
“Era baligamba nti Ai katonda, mazima ffe twagondera abakulembeze baffe nabakulu muffe naye nebatubuza okuva kukkubo”([85])
Ne hadith nyingi eziraga nti Nabbi ne Hasanain([86]) bayitibwa Sayyid era hadith ezo teziriimu kubusabuusa butuufu bwaazo.
Mazima Abubakar yalaga obunakuwavu nokusaalirwa eri Nabbi (s.a.w) n’agamba:
Abange mmwe amaaso, mukaabe era temukoowa
kikakata okukaabira omukulembeze.
Empuku ennungi mubiseera byobuzibu
Naye agenze okubuwungeeza nga ali muntaana([87])
Mpozzi Suyute yaleeta hadith okuva ku Imam Ali (a.s) mu Jami-e Swagiir okuva ku Dailme mumusnad alFirdause: “Omukulumbeze ye Allah”.
Era nga Aziizi bweyakireeta mu Shareh alJami-e n’okuva kumusnad Abi Daud, nti waaliwo ekibinja ekyaba Bani A’mir ekyajja eri Nabbi (s.a.w), nebamugamba: ggwe oli mukama waffe, Nabbi (s.a.w) nabagamba: omukulembeze ye katonda.
Naye hadith ezo ebbiri bwezibeera entuufu, ziba ziteekebwa kumakulu ogobwanannyini mubukulembeze nobutonzi kubanga obukulembeze kumakulu ago, bweyawulidde ku Allah yekka owekitiibwa.
Nabbi ye kennyini (s.a.w) yayita Sa-ad bn Ma-adh (r.a) nti Sayyid, nga Tabare bweyakyogera nti: Sa-ad bw’amala okutuuka, omubaka wakatonda yagamba: musituke mugende eri mukama wammwe.([88])
Kale tugamba nti okuziyiza ekigambo sayyid kuli kumakulu malala agakoonagana nokwaawula katonda.
Mubutuufu, amazima go, meyolefu era tegetaagisa kwogerera nnyo kubanga ebigambo byabawarabu nomubaka nebaswahaab nabaabagoberera neba Imam mubantu b’omubaka n’abamanyi abekibiina ky’obusiraamu byayatiikirira kukubeera nga bikozesebwaamu ebigambo bino kubantu abalala abatali katonda era tebeerangayo muntu yenna yali akirabye bubi. Bonna baatunula munsonga eyo era nebajeetegereza naye teri yagifunza kubasiraamu wabula baasanga obusiraamu nga mateeka mangu makwaata mpola era gali mabega wabigendererwa sossi kwogera bwogezi bigambo byakungulu.
Naye Abawahaab – anti balinga abakhawaariji – befundawaliza ensonga bbo bennyini nebanyigiriza n’abasiraamu mw’ekyo katonda kyeyabagondeza. Nebibiina ebyo byombiriri bitambulira wamu munsonga ezisinga obungi.
Ekiseera kituuse – owange ggwe omusomi owekitiibwa - okubeera nga tukomekkereza okunoonyereza kunzikiriza yabawahaab nensibuko yaabwe nga tukomekkereza nebigambo ebimpimpi naye nga bigasa ekibiina kyobusiraamu – okutwaaliza awamu – nabavubuka abasiraamu abalumirwa – mungeri eyenjawulo.
Mazima obusiraamu bwazimbibwa kubigambo bibiri: ekigambo ekyokwawula katonda n’okussa ekimu. Kale kikakata kukibiina kyobusiraamu okukuuma obumu bwekigambo noluganda nga bwekibakakatako okwekuuma kukigambo ekyokwawula katonda kubanga byombiriri bisibuka mukikolo kimu.
Era nga Qur’an ne Sunna bwebyaakutira okwawula katonda mubwanannyini nemubikolwa nemunesinza, bwebityo era bwebyaakutira okwekwaata kumuguwa gwakatonda nobutawukana.
Allah agamba:
“Mwekwaate kumuguwa gwakatonda mwenna era temwawukana”.([89])
Era agamba:
“Omuntu yenna ayawukana kumubaka (s.a.w) okuvanyuma lwobulungamu okumweyolekera, n’agoberera ekkubo eddala eritali lyabakkiriza, tumwesigamiza kw’oyo gweyesigamirako, era (kunkomerero) netumukasuka mumuliro nga ate bwebuddiro obusinga obubi”.([90])
Ne Imam Ali (a.s) yagamba: “Mwekwaate kubantu abangi, kubanga amaanyi gakatonda gali wamu n’abo abali awamu, era mwewale okwawukana kubanga oyo ayawukana kubantu abeera wa sitaan nga embuzi eba eyawukanye kuzinne waazo bweriibwa omusege. Era oyo yenna akowoola abantu okubeera kunkola yokwawukana, mumutte kabeere wansi wekiremba kyange kino”([91])
Kale obumu bwebuba nga bulina ekifo ekyawaggulu nga ekyo, kati ate kiri kitya kw’oyo ayawukana kubasiraamu n’abaleetamu okwawukanayawukana n’ayuza ennyiriri zaabwe n’agattulula obwegaffu bwaabwe nga ayita mukkubo lyokubaleetamu okubusabuusa munsonga ekibiina kyobusiraamu zekyaamala okwegattaako oluberyeberye lwokuzaalibwa kwomusizi wokubusa-buusa mumitima gy’abantu – ntegeeza Ibn Taimiyya – n’oyo eyafukirira – Muhamad bn Abdul Wahaab.
Owange ggwe omusomi owekitiibwa, mazima ebyo byonna byetukuleetedde mukitabo kino, biri kumusingi gwa Qur’an na sunna zaNabbi owekitiibwa (s.a.w) nebyo ekibiina kyobusiraamu byekyegattako okuviiraddala mubyaasa ebyasooka.
Kale ekigambo oba ebigambo birina kitiibwaki ebbanga lyebimala nga bikoonagana nekitabo kyakatonda nesunna zaNabiwe (s.a.w) n’ebyo ekibiina byekyaamala okwegattako.
Kyewunyisa ekibiina kyobusiraamu, nokusingiraddala abamanyi baakyo n’abo abakirowooleza okubeera nga waliyo abantu mu “Ummul Qrah” mubukkiro bwobubaka abakaafuwaza ekibiina kyonna – abasunni naba Shiya – awatali kulobolamu okujjako abatono ennyo mukibuga kye Najdi.
Mazima abamanyi abekibiina kino ekyobusiraamu baamanya obulabe nokukosa okwebirowoozo byashaitan Shaikh Ibn Taimiyya byeyasaasaanya okutuusa AlHafidh Ibn Hijir bweyagamba mukitabokye “Alfataawal hadiithiyya” kuye:
“Ibn Taimiyya muddu, katonda gweyaswaaza, n’amubuza n’amuziba amaaso n’amatu era ebyo abakulembeze abo abanyonyola obwononefu bwembeeraaze nebalimbisa nebigambobye kweba-asinziira okumwogerako mungeri yolwaatu, era ayagala okumanya ebisingawo, asome ebigambo bya Imam almujtahid abantu bonna gwebegattako mubukulembezeebwe nekitiibwakye, nokutuukakwe kuddaala lyokubeera Mujtahid amanyiddwa nga Abu Alhassan Assabaki nomwaanawe Attaaji ne Sheikh Al-Imam Al-Ezz nga baali mumulembe gumu, mumadhihab ga Shafi-e, Maalik ne Hanafi. Era Ibn Taimiyya teyakoma kukwawukana kubasufiyya abo abajja oluvanyuma, wabula yatuuka nokwemulugunya kubafaanana nga Umar bn Khatab ne Ali bn Abi Talib (r.a).
Mpozzi mubufunze, ebigambobye tebirina buzito wadde ekitiibwa era bimala okukakasizaamu nti ebigambobye bigunjewo era mubuze, abuza era yayitiriza. Tusaba Allah amulamule nobwenkanya era atuwonye amakubo agafaanana nekkubolye nenzikirizaye nenkolaye – Ameen.” Alfataawal hadiithiyya: pg. 87
Tusaba katonda atuteeke “mw’abo abawuliriza ebigambo nebagoberera ekyo ekisingamu obulungi”.
Tusaba katonda asse ebyengera nemirembe kumukama waffe Muhammad owenkomerero muba Nabbi, nekubenyumbaye abalungi abatukuvu nekubaswahababe abalungi abalondemu. Nenkomerero yokusaba kwaffe, twebaza katonda omulezi webitonde byonna.
Ja-afar Ssubhaane
Qom Eyekitiibwa
IDD Algadiir 18 Dhil Hijjah 1406 h
([1]) 2: 28.
([2]) 2: 197.
([3]) Majalaat raabitil alamil Islam – agomwaaka 21, omuwend: 12.
([4]) 2: 197.
([5]) Almanaar: Juzu 2, pg. 228.
([6]) Tafsiir Qutbe: Juzu 2, pg. 406.
([7]) Ekitabo kino kyennyini.
([8]) Tafsiirul Kasshaf eya zamahshare: Juzu 1, pg. 264.
([9]) Tafsiirul Qutbe, Juzu 2, pg. 408.
([10]) Mafaatiihul gaib: Juzu 2, pg. 175.
([11]) Tafsiir Tabari: Juzu 2, pg. 162.
([12]) Tafsiir Kasshaf: Juzu 1, pg. 26.
([13]) Tafsiirul Qurtubi: Juzu 2, pg. 410.
([14]) Tafsiir Ibn Jariir: Juzu 2, pg. 161.
([15]) Alkashaf: Juzu 1, pg. 263.
([16]) Alminaar: Juzu 2, pg. 227 – 228.
([17]) Ahkaamul Qur’an ekya Jasswaas: Juzu 1, pg. 308.
([18]) 58: 1.
([19]) 22: 67 – 68.
([20]) Tafsiirul Imam AlFakhir Radhi: Juzu 1, pg. 175.
([21]) Figh ala Madhahib al-aruba: Juzu 1, pg. 175.
([22]) 16: 125.
([23])
([24]) Madiinatul balagh, mukhutuba zaNabi nemubitabobye nemumbuliriraze, Juzu 1, pg. 469.
([25]) 22: 27 – 33.
([26]) Ashari-a wal-aqiida: pg. 151.
([27]) Ashari-a wal-aqiida: pg. 150.
([28]) 22: 38 – 40.
([29]) Tafsiir Tabari: Juzu 18, pg. 108.
([30]) 6: 98.
([31]) 4: 5.
([32]) Tafsiir Tabari: Juzu 7, pg. 49.
([33]) Tafsiirul Manaar: ekya Sayyid Rashiid Ridha, Juzu 7, pg. 119.
([34]) 9: 1- 3.
([35]) Tafsiir Tabari: Juzu 10, pg. 47.
([36]) – Alghaani: Juzu 2,pg. 376, print Beirut.
- Manaaqib Ibn Shaharashuub: Juzu 4, pg. 169.
([37]) Albukhar: Aljihaad.
([38]) Sunan Ibn Majah: Almanask, Sunan ne Nasa-e: AlHajju, Musnad Ahmad bn Hambal.
([39]) Sunan Ibn Majah: Almanask, Sunan ne Nasa-e: AlHajju, Musnad Ahmad bn Hambal.
([40]) Albukhar: Aljihaad.
([41]) Sunan Ibn Majah: Almanask, Sunan Nasa-e: AlHajju wal Jihaad.
([42]) Sunan Tarimidh.
([43]) Swahiih Muslim: Hadith Hajji, Musanad Abi Dauda, Sirat Ibn Hishaam.
([44]) Albukhar: Juzu 5, pg. 181, baab Umrat qadha.
([45]) Swahiih Muslim: Juzu 4, pg. 40, kitaabul Hajji, baab Hijjatu Nabi (s.a.w).
([46]) Tarekh Makka: Juzu 1, pg. 339, print. Makka, mumwaaka 1385 H.
([47]) Bihaarul Anwaar: Juzu 99, pg. 33, okuva ku Ilaali Shara-ee ekya Swaduuq.
([48]) Bihaarul Anwaar: Juzu 99, pg. 49.
([49]) Al-Ihtijaaj, ekya Tabarasi, pg. 19, nekitabo kya Saliim bn Qais: pg. 183.
([50]) Al-Ibaada fil Islam: ekya Doctor Qardhawe.
([51]) Maadha Khasira al-alamil Islami.
([52]) Da-eratul Ma-arif: Juzu 3, pg. 350.
([53]) – Sunan Abi Dauda: Juzu 3, pg. 58.
- Sunan Ibn Majah: Juzu 1, pg. 482.
([54]) Majima-u Zawa-ed: ekya Haithame, Juzu 3, pg. 8.
([55]) Siratul Jaliyya: Juzu 3, pg. 348.
([56]) Imtina-ul maqrizi: pg. 154.
([57]) Majma-u Zawa-ed: Juzu 6, pg. 120.
([58]) Swahiihul Bukhar: kitaabul Manaqib fi alamat Nubuwwa fil Islam.
([59]) Sunan Baihaqe: Juzu 4, pg. 70, Tarekhul Khatib Albaghdadi: Juzu 7, pg. 289.
([60]) Sunan Abi Dauda: Juzu 2, pg. 63, Sunan Ibn Majah: Juzu 1, pg. 445.
([61]) - Sunan Abi Dauda: Juzu 2, pg. 58.
- Sunan Ibn Majah: Juzu 1, pg. 481.
([62]) –Swahihil Bukhar: baba mardh Nabi wawafaatih.
- Musnad Abi Daud: Juzu 2, pg. 197.
- Sunan Nasa-e: Juzu 4, pg. 13.
- Mustadrakil Hakim, Juzu 3, pg. 163, Tarekhul Khatiib: Juzu 6, pg. 262.
([63]) Algadiir: Juzu 5, pg. 147.
([64]) – Tabaqaat Ibn Saad: pg. 839 – 855.
- Siira Ibn Hisham: Juzu 4, pg. 346.
([65]) Algadiir: Juzu 3, pg. 165 – 167.
([66]) Aqidi fariid: ekya Abdu Rabbih Andolose, Juzu 3, pg. 235.
([67]) Tarekh Tabari: Juzu 2, pg. 253.
([68]) Alaqidul Fariid.
([69]) 35: 18.
([70]) 53: 39.
([71]) 99: 7 – 8.
([72]) 20: 15.
([73]) Ikhitilaaful hadith: wansi wekitabo, kitaabul Ummi ekya shafi-e, Juzu 7, pg. 267.
([74]) Swahiihul Bukhar: baab 32 mumiryanga gya Jana-ez, Juzu 2, pg. 80 – Ikhitlaaful hadith ekya Shafi-e: Juzu 7, pg. 266.
- Muwatta-u: ekya Malik, Juzu 1, pg. 96.
- Swahiihu Muslim: Juzu 1, pg. 344 – Sunna Nasa-e: Juzu 4, pg. 17.
- Sunan Baihaqe: Juzu 4, pg. 72.
([75]) – Sunan Abi Dauda: Juzu 2, pg. 59.
- Sunan Nasa-e: Juzu 2, pg. 17.
([76]) - Musnad Ahmad: Juzu 1, pg. 235 – 237.
- Mustadirakul Haakim: Juzu 1, pg. 191.
([77]) Sunanul Kubra, ekya Baihaqe: Juzu 4, pg. 70.
([78]) Umdatul qari-e: Juzu 4, pg. 87.
([79]) 19: 93.
([80]) 19: 30.
([81]) 4: 59.
([82]) Kashiful Iritiyaab: ekya Sayyid Muhsin Al-Ammin okuva mukhulaaswatul kalaam.
([83]) 3: 39.
([84]) 12: 25.
([85]) 33: 67.
([86]) Ekigendererwa: Hasan ne Hussain bebakulembeze babavubuka abomujanna.
([87]) Tabaqaatul kubra, ekya Ibn Sa-ed: Juzu 2, pg. 319.
([88]) Tabari: Juzu 2, pg. 249.
([89]) 3: 84.
([90]) 4: 115.
([91]) Nahajul balagh: Khutuba 123.