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ENGERI abantu gye bawambibwa n’okuttibwa mu ggwanga kikuleetera okwebuuza nti “ddala ani anaaluyitako?”
Ye abaffe bino binaakomawa? Omwaka bukya gutandika emisango egisukka 50 giroopeddwa ku poliisi egyabantu ababuziddwawo abamu ne basangibwa oluvannyuma nga battiddwa naddala abakazi.
Ekibi nti abakwatiddwa ba lubatu. Abalala tebatawaana kugenda ku poliisi ensonga bazimala na bazigu abawamba. Abawamba okumanya beesomye , babaggya awaka, ku mirimu ne mu kibuga wakati mu ppaaka za ttakisi awali abantu abangi. Okunoonyereza kwa Poliisi kulaga nti abawamba abamu bakikola kufuna ssente, okusadaaka, okwagala okutta, okwewamba n’ensonga endala.
Eby’okuwamba abantu n’okubatta si lye ttemu erisoose okubeerawo mu ggwanga kuba n’ekittabakazi kyaliwo omwaka oguwedde. Wakati wa May 3 ne September 4, 2017, abakazi abawera 21 battibwa mu bifo eby’enjawulo e Nansana ne Katabi Entebbe mu disitulikiti y’e Wakiso. Emirambo egyasuulibwa e Nansana gyali gisobezeddwako n’okusonsekebwa ebiti mu mbugo.
Poliisi yategeeza nti ettemu lyalimu ensonga z’omukwano, eby’okusaddaaka, enkayaana z’ettaka, ebya Yiruminati awamu n’obutabanguko mu maka. Okwandibadde okutereera ate we wajidde eby’okuwamba abantu nga bwe basaba ssente.
Omwaka gwa 2008 gujjukirwako nnyo olw’okubeeramu eby’okusaddaaka abaana. Ettemu lya Joseph Kasirye 12, eyasalibwako omutwe omusawo w’ekinnansi Umar Kateregga ng’ayambibwako mukyala we Mariam Nabukeera abaakolera ku biragiro by’omugagga Kato Kajubi, eyasalirwa okusibwa amayisa e Luzira lyatiisa nnyo abantu.
ABAWAMBIDDWA BASUKKA 50 BUKYA MWAKA GUTANDIKA
Ashraf Bukenya 4, yawambibwa abantu abataategeereka oluvannyuma ne bamusuula e Kawanda ku ntandikwa ya January w’omwaka guno. Eyamuwamba wadde nga yakubiranga bazadde be essimu ng’ayagala bamuwe ssente naye takwatibwanga. lBetty Namwirya 34, ow’e Bugoloobi nga mukozi mu Opportunity Bank e Kampala yawambibwa n’asuulibwa ku luguudo lw’e Masaka.
Abantu bataano baakwatibwa nga bateeberezebwa okuba nga baliko kye bamanyi. Marion 5, owe Kasubi yawambibwa nga February 1, 2018 kyokka oluvannyuma n’asangibwa ng’asuuliddwa ku kkanisa ya Innerman Church e Kasubi ng’akyali mulamu era n’akwasibwa bazadde be.
Tewali muntu yakwatibwa. Fatiima Ssendagire nga muwaabi wa Gavumenti yawambibwa okuva e Kasangati, kyokka oluvannyuma n’azuulwa nga mulamu bulungi. N’okutuusa kati tewali muntu yali akwatiddwa.
Susan Magara 28, eyali omubazi we bitabo mu kampuni ya Bwendero Dairy Farm yawambibwa nga February 8, 2018 oluvannyuma lwa wiiki ssatu baasanga omulambo gwe gusuuliddwa e Kigo mu disitulikiti ye Wakiso. lAbantu mwenda baakwatibwa ne basimbibwa mu kkooti ya Buganda Road eyabasindika ku limanda e Luzira okutuusa nga June 1, 2018. lNorman Wegulo yawambibwa nga January 14, 2018 kyokka oluvannyuma n’asangibwa ng’asuuliddwa e Makindye mu Kampala.
Waliwo abayiggibwa abateeberezebwa okumuwamba. Diamond Kyabakera 20, yawambibwa nga January 17, 2018 oluvannyuma n’asuulibwa ku luguudo lwa Kafumbe-Mukasa mu Kampala. Yasangibwa ali mu mbeera nnungi era ng’agambibwa okumuwamba takwatibwanga.
Waliwo omwana eyawambibwa oluvannyuma n’asuulibwa e Katooke era ng’omusango guli ku fayiro CRB 53/2018 ku poliisi ye Katooke. Bazadde b’omwana baamufuna nga mu kiseera kino abantu babiri okuli; Hudson Mugala ne Godfrey Musanje banoonyezebwa okusobola okuyambako.
Molly Nayebale 30, yawambibwa oluvannyuma n’asuulibwa e Ruwamanje Kamwenge. Omusango guli ku CPS mu Kampala ku fayiro SD FREF44/08/02/2018. James Kakuli ateeberezebwa okuba nga ye yamuwamba anoonyezebwa. lDesire Kahunde Resty 3, yawambibwa okuva e Kyenjojo n’asuulibwa e Mubende. Yusuf Atuhairwe anoonyezebwa olwe bigambibwa nti yali embaega w’okuwamba kuno.
Generous Kyahairwe yawambibwa oluvannyuma omulambo gwe ne gusuulibwa e Nalukolongo. Monday Baliraine y’ateeberezebwa okuba emabega w’ettemu. lNdagijemana yawambibwa era omusango ne guggulwawo ku poliisi ye Najjanankumbi ku fayiro namba SD REF; 06/10/04/2018. Timothy Kisolwa eyali atambulira ku piki yawambibwa abantu abatategeerekeka, kyokka ye wadde baamuta naye piki ye baagendanayo.
Waliwo abaana abaawambibwa ne basangibwa mu bifo ebyenjawulo e Katooke mu munisipaali ye Kawempe. Omusango guli ku poliisi ye Katooke ku CRB 53/2018. Waliwo abaakwatibwa bayambeko mu kunoonyereza. lImmaculate yabula naye oluvannyuma n’azuulibwa ng’ali e Mbuya mu kitundu mwe yabulira. Kigambibwa nti yandiba nga yali abuze bubuzi, kuba oluvannyuma yeekomyawo yekka awaka.
Dick Muzoora yabula, kyokka Poliisi yamunoonya n’emuzuula ng’ali e Mbarara. Kigambibwa nti yali yeebuzizzaawo. Paul Mukonyezi 11, yawambibwa okuva e Kyenjojo, kyokka Poliisi bwe yanoonyereza yamusanga yeekukumye mu maka g’owoluganda lwe omu e Kyenjojo.
Tendo Nakitende 2, yawambibwa okuva e Kawempe n’asangibwa e Kayunga ng’akyali mulamu bulungi. lKassim 3, yawambibwa Yaaya okuva ewaka e Mubende n’asuulibwa mu ppaaka ya takisi mu Kampala, oluvannyuma lw’okukitegeera nti baali bamulinnya akagere buli w’alaga.
Paul Mukonyei 11, yawambibwa nga April 13, 2018 bwe yali ava ku ssomero e Kyenjojo. Oluvannyuma kyazuuka nti ekituufu baali tebamuwambye, wabula yali yeggamye nkuba mu maka agamu era yasangibwa ali bulungi.
Rehema Naluze 17, yawambibwa ng’ava e Lugazi ng’agenda e Luweero nga April 14, 2018 n’asuulibwa e Kawempe abantu abataategeerekeka. Yategeeza nti abaamuwamba baamusobyako n’oluvannyuma ne bamusuula ku kkubo.
Abeera Ttula Kawempe ne bazadde be. lAgnes Nyangoma 29, n’omwana we ow’omwezi ogumu n’ekitundu baawambibwa nga bava e Bundibugyo bajja e Kampala. Denise Aboo, Michael Mark Kawalya ne Rabson Kisembo baakwatibwa okuva e Maganjo nga kigambibwa nti baliko kye bamanyi.
Lowena Ella Murungi yawambibwa okuva mu kabuga ke Kinoni mu disitulikiti ye Mbarara era yasangibwa attiddwa. Abantu abawerako abagambibwa okwenyigira mu ttemu baakwatibwa okuli; Benson Ngasirwe, Amon Kamugisha, Martin Mujuni ne Oben Mujuni.
Sandra Namakula 21, yawambibwa okuva e Nateete nga April 18, 2018 era omusango ne guggulwawo ku Kakajjo Police Post ku fayiro namba SD 15/18/04/2018. Abanoonyereza baakizuula nti yali akwatiddwa amagye nga balowooza nti yaliko byamanyi ku ttemu lya Susan Magara.
Slarah Nasirye yeebuzaawo okuva e Kireka n’alowoozesa abantu nti yali awambiddwa. Yakwatibwa n’atwalibwa ku poliisi ye Kireka nga yasangibwa ali mu mbeera nnungi.lPeace Asiimire yawambibwa okuva e Mitooma mu disitulikiti ye Bushenyi oluvannyuma yasangibwa ng’asuuliddwa okumpi ne kitebe kya Munisipaali ye Lubaga. Julius Atwebembire yakwatibwa ku musango guno n’akwasibwa Poliisi ye Mitooma gye yaddiza omusango.
lSharon Nuwasasira yawambibwa okuva e Lyantonde ne bamusuula e Nakulabye mu Kampala. Alex Mwine akyanoonyezebwa ku bigambibwa nti alina kyamanyi ku by’okuwamba kuno.
lRobert Tusiime 19, omuyizi wa Bubukwanga S.S mu disitulikiti ye Bundibugyo yawambibwa abantu abatamanyiddwa ne batandika okukozesa essimu ye okusaba abantu ssente, kyokka oluvannyuma yazuulibwa.
Edrina Nalule 18, eyali omuyizi wa YMCA yawambibwa abazigu ne bakubira bazadde be essimu nga babasaba obukadde 10 okumuyimbula. Baamusalamu olulimi ne bbeere n’eriiso erimu nga ligiddwamu.
Omulambo gwasuulibwa e Lubaga ku Ssande nga May 6, 2018. Waliwo omusumba Leonad Wambazu eyakwatibwa n’omusamize eyakkirizza nga bwe yeenyigira mu ttemu lino. lBabra Kwaga 30, eyali akola ku bbaala ya Hotline e Kawanda ku lwe Bombo yawambibwa ava mu bbaala mu kiro ekyakeesa ku Lwokutaano nga May 11, 2018.
Baamusobyako ne bamutta omulambo ne bagusuula mu ofiisi za NRM e Kawanda. Francis Katabira ssentebe wa NRM yakwatibwa. lAbatuuze b’omu Kirokole eKawempe baagwa ku mulambo gw’omuwala ateeberezebwa okuba mu myaka 24 nga gusuuliddwa mu kisiko ku Lwokutaano nga May 11, 2018. Abe by’okwerinda baategeeza nti omugenzi yali anyooleddwa ensingo era oluvannyuma omulambo gwatwalibwa mu ddwaliro e Mulago.
Rose Nakisekka 17, yawambibwa okuva mu ppaaka ya takisi enkadde mu Kampala yasangibwa attiddwa ng’omulambo gusuuliddwa e Nalumunye. lOmusajja eyali awambye Teddy Ruzindana 5, muzzukulu we yali omubaka wa Palamenti Joram Pajobo yamutwala n’amusuula ku kikomera kya jajjaawe ku kyalo Nakazadde mu disitulikiti ye Buikwe oluvannyuma lwokumusindikira akakadde kamu ku Lwokubiri nga May 15, 2018. Kyazuulibwa nti olukwe lwalimu Yaaya wa waka era yakwatibwa.
Emirambo gy’abaana babiri okuli; Israel Namaleega 4, ne Dorcus Nakiwunga 2, gyasangibwa kisuuliddwa mu mwala e Naluvule ku kyalo kwe baali babeera ku Lwokutaano nga May 11, 2018.
Abazadde okuli Charles Katende ne Christine Nantume n’okutuusa kati bakyebuuza eyatta abaana baabwe ne kye yabalanga. lShamusa Nakasujja 19, eyawambibwa omusajja omu mu ppaaka ya takisi enkadde yasimattuka okuttibwa oluvannyuma lwokwesimattula n’afuluma mu nju mwe baali bamusibidde mu Kisenyi. Eyamuwamba yali amutwala mu ppaaka ya Usafi gye yamutegeeza nti we waali emmotoka ezigenda e Ndejje ekyaddirira n’amukuba kalifoomu.
Abooluganda ne mikwano gya Christine Nabichwu owe Manyangwa mu Kasangati Town Council bali mu kutya oluvannyuma lw’omuntuwaabwe okubuzibwawo ku Mmande nga May 21, 2018 oluvannyuma lw’abantu abatategeereka okumukubira essimu. Baasembyeyo okufuna essimu nga babagamba okubasindikira obukadde 10.
POLIISI EYISIZZA EBIRAGIRO KU BASIRIKALE ABAKWATA ABANTU Omuduumizi wa poliisi mu ggwanga Martin Okoth Ochola alagidde abaserikale wamu n’abeby’okwerinda bonna ababa bagenze okukwata abantu okusookanga okweyanjula n’okunyonnyola gye batwala omukwate kimalewo abantu okulowooza nti bawamba abantu.
Ochola yategeezezza nti nga balwanyisa abawamba abantu, kyokka ate mulimu n’abantu abattukizza enkola y’okwewamba. Abakikola yabasabye okukikomya kuba musango era anaakwatibwa mu mbeera eno ajja kuvunaanibwa mu kkooti z’amateeka. Abasinze okwewamba kizuuliddwa nga babeera baagala kufuna ssente okuva mu beng’anda, abakyayiddwa awamu n’ababa babulankanyizza ssente okuva ku mirimu.
Abantu ababa bawambiddwako abantu baabwe yabasabye obutageza kuwaayo ssente abazigu ze babasaba okusoboola okuyimbula abantu baabwe. Balina kutegeeza Poliisi ku buli ekiba kigenda mu maaso n’esobola okulondoola abatemu.
Era yasabye abazadde obutalagajjalira baana baabwe wabula bafeeyo okumanya entambula zaabwe n’emikwano gyabwe kiyambe okumanya gye balaze n’obudde bwe batambuliramu. Singa omuntu abeera abuze nga kiteeberezebwa nti awambiddwa, ab’oluganda ne mikwano balina okutegeeza poliisi nga bukyali okunoonyereza kusobole okutandikirawo nga bukyali. Yasabye abantu okujjumbira okukubira poliisi essimu ezitali zaakusasulira zeyataddewo okuli 0800199990, 0800199991 ne 0800199992 nga zino zaatereddwawo abantu okutegeza poliisi ku bantu abawambiddwa.
LWAKI POLIISI EREMEDDWA OKUKWATA ABAWAMBA ABANTU
Patrick Onyango amyuka Omwogezi wa poliisi mu ggwanga yagambye nti ekirwisaawo poliisi kiva ku bannanyini bantu ababa babuze okulwawo okutegeera ate ne bwe bamanya tebanguwa kutegeeza Poliisi, ekikeereya okunoonyerezabudde kigiyamba okutambula n’okunoonyereza nga bukyali okusobola okutegeera ebifo abazigu mwe bayinza okubeera n’ebakwata, saako n’okununula awambiddwa nga tebanatuusibwako bulabe. Yagambye nti abantu abawera 14 abali mu kabinja akiwamba abantu bakwatiddwa ate nga n’abalala bangi bakyayiggibwa kuba tebatudde.
Weewale okutambula wekka obudde bwe kiro naddala ng’oli mukazi mu Uganda ya leero. Tomala gakyamuka kugenda kukyakala ng’oli mu mmotoka y’omuntu gwoteekakasa nnyo.
Kizuuliddwa nti olumu n’abavuzi ba boodabooda bakolagana n’abatemu. Bwobeera olina wotambuddeko, beerako abantu waakiri bataano b’otegeezaako. Oyinza okuweereza obubaka ku ssimu ng’obabuulira ekifo w’oli, omuntu gw’oli naye ng’oweereza obubaka ku ssimu.
Bwobeera mu bifo by’abantu abangi bw’obeerako kye weebuuza kirungi okwegendereza omuntu gw’osaba obuyambi. Ebifo naddala eby’abantu abangi, bikuhhaniramu abawamba. Bw’obeera olina essimu eya smart phone, kakasa nti GPS ogitaddeko kuba kiyamba okulondoola ekifo w’oli. Bw’oba ogenda okulinnya emmotoka yonna weetegereze ennamba y’emmotoka era oluba okutuula giweereza omuntu gwe weesiga mu bubaka bw’essimu.
Emmotoka ezisimba ku makubo naddala wabweru wa takisi nazo zizuuliddwamu ebizibu. Bwe weesanga mu buwambe olina okubeera omugonvu ennyo eri abaakuwambye ng’okola buli kye bakugambye. Jjukira tebalina kye bafiirwa bwe bakutta. Gezaako okwogeraganya obulungi n’abakuwambye bwe baba bakuwadde omukisa.
Engeri gyoyinza okwewala okuwambibwaOmwogezi wa Poliisi mu ggwanga, Emiliano Kayima awabudd ku ngeri gy’oyinza okwewala ekiwamba bantu; • Bwolaba abantu batamanyiddwa mu kitundu kyammwe ng’abatuuze mubabuuze nsonga eba ebaleese n’ebibakwatako nga densite.
• Weewale abantu abakukubira amasimu nga bakusuubiza okukufunira emirimu, Visa, oba diiru ey’ekika kyonna. “Abantu ab’ekika kino ebiseera ebisinga bw’abakuyise akugamba obutajja na muntu yenna.
• Tegeeza abantu bo nga babiri oba basatu wa gyolaga n’ani gwogenda okusisinkana era n’obudde bwosuubira okumalayo.
• Abazadde mu buulirire abaana ku kiwamba bantu bamanye kiki ekigenda mu maaso n’engeri ey’okukyewala. Babuulire obuteesiga muntu yenna newankubadde balaba nga gwe bamanyi kubanga abasibga okuwamba abaana beebo abookulusegere.
• Weetegereze ebikwata ku yaaya gwolese mu maka go okugakuuma n’abaana bo.
• Weekengere takisi oba bodaboda gyolinnya era bwe wabaawo kye weekengedde kuba enduulu ofune obuyambi.
• Ye adduumira Poliisi mu ggwanga, Martin Okoth Ochola agamba nti ssinga omuntu akukubira essimu n’akusaba ssente ng’akugamba nti awambye omuntu wo, ekisookera ddala tegeeza ku Poliisi ng’oyita ku nnamba z’essimu ezitali za kusasulira okuli; 0800199990, 0800199991, oba 0800199992, basobole okubayamba mu budde.
Nb
Ffe abamu tujjukira bulungi okulemwa kwa Military Police ya Obote 2 okunonya, nokukwata abaali bakulira obumenyi bwamateeka mu myaka emizibu enyo egyensi ya Uganda mu 1980/86! Abafiirwa abantu babwe baali bangi nyo ddala.


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Lwakusatu, Maaki 20
Tonyiiganga n’okola ebintu ebibi.—Zab. 37:8.
Abantu abanyiiga amangu batera okuvuma abalala, era ekyo tekisobozesa maka kubaamu ssanyu. Bayibuli etukubiriza okweggyamu obusungu, okuvuma, n’okuyomba. (Bef. 4:31) Ebintu ebyo emirundi mingi biviirako abantu okukola ebikolwa eby’obukambwe. Ebintu ebyo abantu bangi mu nsi babitwala ng’ekintu ekya bulijjo, naye tebiweesa Katonda kitiibwa. Bangi ku baganda baffe baalekayo emize egyo ne bambala omuntu omuggya. (Bak. 3:8-10) Ekintu ekirala ekiraga nti omuntu ayambadde omuntu ow’edda kwe kulimba. Ng’ekyokulabirako, abantu abamu batera okulimba okusobola okwewala okusasula emisolo oba okwewala okuvunaanibwa. Naye Yakuwa ye “Katonda ow’amazima.” (Zab. 31:5, obugambo obuli wansi.) N’olwekyo, Yakuwa yeetaagisa abaweereza be ‘okwogera amazima buli omu eri munne n’obutalimbagana.’ (Bef. 4:25; Bak. 3:9) Bwe kityo, tusaanidde okwogera amazima ne bwe kiba nti si kyangu oba ne bwe kiba nga kijja kutuviiramu okuswala.—Nge. 6:16-19. w17.08 18 ¶3, 5; 20 ¶12-13, 15
Lwakuna, Maaki 21
Ekigambo kye kidduka mbiro.—Zab. 147:15.
Leero Yakuwa atuwa obulagirizi ng’akozesa Ekigambo kye Bayibuli. Era “ekigambo kye kidduka mbiro,” kwe kugamba, atuwa obulagirizi mu kiseera kyennyini mwe tuba tubwetaagira. Lowooza ku ngeri gy’oganyulwa mu kusoma Bayibuli, mu kusoma ebitabo ebikubibwa “omuddu omwesigwa era ow’amagezi,” mu kulaba ebyo ebiba ku ttivi yaffe, mu kusoma ebyo ebiri ku mukutu gwaffe ogwa Intaneeti, mu kwogerako n’abakadde, ne mu kukuŋŋaana awamu ne bakkiriza bannaffe. (Mat. 24:45) Okiraba nti ddala Yakuwa ayanguwa okukuwa obulagirizi mu kiseera kyonna w’oba obwetaagira? Omuwandiisi wa zabbuli yali akimanyi nti Abayisirayiri baalina enkizo ey’ekitalo. Abantu b’eggwanga lya Isirayiri be bokka abaali baweereddwa “ekigambo” kya Katonda, ‘amateeka ge, n’ennamula ye.’ (Zab. 147:19, 20) Leero naffe tulina enkizo ey’ekitalo, kubanga ffe ffekka abayitibwa erinnya lya Katonda. Olw’okuba tumanyi Yakuwa era nga tukolera ku Kigambo kye, kitusobozesezza okufuna enkolagana ey’oku lusegere naye. Okufaananako omuwandiisi wa Zabbuli 147, naawe olina ensonga nnyingi kw’osinziira ‘okutendereza Ya!’ n’okukubiriza abalala okumutendereza. w17.07 20 ¶15-16; 21 ¶18
Lwakutaano, Maaki 22
Tewali muntu aweereza ng’omusirikale ayinza okwenyigira mu by’obusuubuzi asobole okusiimibwa oyo eyamuwandiika mu busirikale.—2 Tim. 2:4.
Abagoberezi ba Kristo leero, nga mw’otwalidde n’abo abali mu buweereza obw’ekiseera kyonna abasukka mu kakadde akamu, bafuba okukolera ku kubuulirira kwa Pawulo okwo. Beewala okutwalirizibwa obulango obukubiriza abantu okwagala ennyo okwefunira eby’obugagga, nga bakijjukira nti: “Oyo eyeewola aba muddu w’oyo amuwola.” (Nge. 22:7) Sitaani ayagala tumalire ebiseera byaffe n’amaanyi gaffe gonna mu kunoonya eby’obugagga by’ensi. Abantu abamu batuuse n’okwewola ssente nnyingi okusobola okugula ennyumba, emmotoka, okufuna obuyigirize, oba okukola embaga. Bwe tuteegendereza tuyinza okwesanga nga tugudde mu mabanja agajja okututwalira emyaka n’emyaka okusasula. Tukiraga nti tuli ba magezi nga twerekereza ebintu ebimu, nga twewala amabanja, era nga tukendeeza ku nsaasaanya yaffe. Bwe tukola bwe tutyo, kijja kutusobozesa okwemalira ku kuweereza Katonda, mu kifo ky’okuba abaddu b’eby’obugagga by’ensi eno.—1 Tim. 6:10. w17.07 10 ¶13

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Abayizi abegattira mu kibiina kya Baganda Nkobazambogo Students Association (BANKOSA) okuva mu masomero agenjawulo, babadde n’omusomo ogukwata ku bukulembeze obuneetagisa okutuusa ABaganda ku buyinza obujjuvu ku nsi yaabwe mu myaka 25 egijja. Omusomo ogw’olunaku olumu gwabaddewo nga 12 August 2018 ku Cwa II Memorial Secondary School, Namungoona mu Kyaddondo.
Baani abasomesezza mu musomo guno?
- Fred Kateregga Masakaate
- Omulongo Wasswa William Ndigeza Kigoonya.
- Wagaba Abdul Musiitwa.
- Sentamu Sewandagi.
Byakuyiga ki ebikulu ebyasomesebbwa mu bimpimpi?
- Muzzukulu wa Kayiira, Sentamu Sewandagi, yazibudde abayizi bangi ababadde batakimanyi nti nga 23 September 1960, Olukiiko lwa Buganda lwayisa ekiteeso nti Buganda yali esaana okwefuga okuva nga 1 Janurary 1961 era nelulonda akakiiko ka bantu 9, nga kakulemberwa Katikkiro Kintu, okubaga ekiwandiiko ky’obwetwaaze (Buganda Declaration of Independence). Gattako nti nga 31 December 1960, Olukiiko lwa Buganda ate lwayisa ekiteeso ekyakakasa Ekirangiriro ky’Obwetwaaze bwa Buganda okutandika ne 1 January 1961 . Nga ku babaka 88 abaali mu Lukiiko, 79 bawagira ekiteeso, 8 bakiwakanya, ate nampawengwa 1 (Abu Mayanja) navumbeera, nti “Siwakanya ate siwagira kubanga ekiteeso kino kiringa musota oguli mu ntamu”.
- Sewandagi yannyonnyodde nti Buganda yefuga nga 1 January 1961 naye mu 1962 nekakibwa okuyingira mu mu Uganda ku kifuba. N’olw’ekyo, ssinga Abaganda bawulira nga Uganda ebafuukidde ekizibu, nebagala okugivaamu baba tebazzizza musango gwonna.
- Wagaba Musiitwa yaggumizza n’okuzimbiira ku bigambo bya Sentamu Sewandagi. Yatunnuza ba Za Mbogo mu biseera eby’omumaaso bweyagambye nti, “Newankubadde Buganda erina bingi byetuseeko mu myaka 25 nga Kabaka Mutebi atudde ku Namulondo, esubiddwa n’emikisa mingi nnyo kubanga waliwo abalala abasalawo biki byekirizibwa okukola.
- Musiitwa yasomesezza nti ssinga Buganda ebeera n’obuyinza okuddukanya butereevu eby’obulamu (Health), eby’enjigiriza (Education), n’ebyobulimi (Agriculture) esobola okwegobako mangu obwaavu n’ebizibu ebisinga mu bantu baayo. Kyeyavudde akubira abavubuka omulanga nti, bwebaba bagala obutanyagibwa busika bwaabwe nga Abaganda ab’enkya, “Emyaka 25 egijja tusaana kugimarira ku mulamwa gwa kufuna buyinza ku ngeri gyetukulemberwaamu, era n’obugagga bw’ensi yaffe gyebukozesebwa.”
- Mu kuwunzika, Musiitwa yakuutidde abavubuuka obuteesigama nnyo ku ssemateeka wa Uganda aliwo leero, nga balowooza ku nsonga za Buganda, kubanga buli president wa Uganda aweza omwaka mu ntebe, afugira ku ssemateka wuwe. Wabula, bulijjo, bajulize Ennono za Buganda, kubanga zo zikulembeeza mazima na bwenkanya mu kulamulwa era zezitukuuma bwetujjirwa bannakyemalira oba abanyunyuunsi.


text:
Lulyansolo
Lulyansolo ky'ekiramu ekifuna amasoboza(energy) n'ebiriisa (nutrients) okusingira ddala nga ekikula kyakyo kirya nnyama ya nsolo endala okuyita mu kugajambula n'okuyuza ebiramu(predation)oba okuyigga ensolo ezifudde. Muno mulimu ensolo nga empologoma, goonya, engo,n'endala.
Lulyabimera(Herbivorous) eba nsolo efuna ebiriisa(nutrients) n'amsoboza(energy) gayo nga okusingira ddala erya bimera . Muni mulimu ente, embuzi,n'endala.
Ate "lulyansolobi"(Omnivorous) efuna ebiriisa byayo n'amasoboza nga erya byombi, ensolo n'ebimera. Weetegereze : Ensolo + Bimera = Ensolobi (Omunivorous). Omuntu naye lulyansolobi.
Bivudde mu kitabo "Essomabiramu"(Biology) ekya Muwanga Charles


text:
MAY NGA 24 BULI MWAKA OMUGANDA ALINA OKUJJUKIRA OLUTALO LW'OBOTE OKUWAMBA OBUGANDA. OBWAKABAKA BWA BUGANDA BWAVAWO. ENSI REPUBLIC NEYIYIZIBWA.
Mmengo erabudde abawandii
sa abantu abali ku Ttaka ly’Obwa
Kabaka
May 05, 2015
Bya Musasi waffe
AKULIRA ekitongole ky’ebyettaka mu bwakabaka ekya Buganda Land Board (BLB):
Kyewalabye Male, alabudde abaami ba Kabaka abagenda okwenyigira mu kuwandiisa ebibanja by’abasenze ku ttaka ly’Obwakabaka beewale obukumpanya n’emivuyo kuba bayinza okusibwa.
Yagambye nti wadde ng’enteekateeka eno egenderedde kuyamba bantu ba Ssaabasajja kufuna biwandiiko ebituufu mu mateeka ku bibajnja byabwe, wandibaawo bannakigwanyizi abayinza okukozesa omukisa guno okwenoonyeza ebyabwe.
Bino Male, eyabadde n’abakozi ba BLB ne katikkiro w’ebyalo bya Kabaka, Lubega Mutunzi, yabyogedde mu kuggalawo omusomo ogwetabiddwaamu Abaamagombolola, Abeemiruka n’Abatongole mu ssaza ly’e Kyaggwe ku mbuga ya Ssekiboobo e Mukono ogwategekeddwa okubabangula ku nkola gye bagenda okugoberera nga basomesa n’okuwandiisa abasenze ku ttaka ly’Obwakabaka. Enteekateeka eno yatandika nga May 4, 2015.
Ssekiboobo Benjamin Kigongo yagambye nti ebibanja ebitalambuddwa si bya kuwandiikibwa olw’okwewala enkaayana.
Nb: Ekizibu ky'abaami ba Ssabasajja kyelaga kyoka. Baddidde abobuyinza babiri babateese mu kalo ka Buganda akedda. Ebyawandiikibwa bitugamba ki? Toyinza kuwuliriza bakama bo babiri. Oleka ko omu okumuwulira nowulira omulala. Tugambe ki? Mufumbiro bwemufumbiramu abafumbiro abangi Mmere kiki eyo evayo?
Genda mukalo kafe wano e Buganda. Owe Gombolola atuuka okubuuza ettaka lye kitebe kye werikoma. Bamugamba kimu. LC 1 yaliteekako ba Investor abava e Buyindi. Ate ekubo elyaffe eryedda elyayita wano ku Saza lya Kangawo. Olwo Kangawo abuuza: Bamugamba kimu. Disi yasibawo Sengenge ensonga zino ziri mu National Land Board. Okunsiba Sebo Mwami tekulimu. Tonda bwatakuuma abakuuma bakumira bwerere Jjajja. Kugwa mubunya bwewesimira nga olaba. Kitalo nyo.
Bazudde obulyazama
nyi bwe ttaka lya Buganda mu ofiisi ze Wakiso:
By Rogers Kibirige
Added 30th September 2016
Ying. Sabiiti (owookubiri ku ddyo) ne babaka banne nga baliko bye babuuza omukozi mu minisitule y’ebyetta e Wakiso (ku ddyo).
Bya ROGERS KIBIRIGE
EMIVUYO egiri mu ofiisi ya minisitule y’ebyettaka esangibwa e Wakiso ku kitebe kya disitulikiti giwuniikirizza ababaka.
Bakozesa bboggo eri abatuuze ate abalala empapula zaabwe teziwera. Ono ye kacica muyite cculugu ababaka ba palamenti abaalambudde ofiisi za minisitule y’ebyettaka zino ku Lwokusatu gwe baasanzeeyo.
Ababaka abaakulembeddwa ssentebe w’akakiiko akalondola enkola y’emirimu aka (Physical infrastructure Committee) Ying. Denis Sabiiti (Rubanda) baategeezezza nti kyannaku okulaba ng’abakozi ba Minisitule ab’e Wakiso babonyabonya abantu ne babatambuzanga okubakolera ku nsonga z’ettaka kyokka bwe bamala ne babamma ebyapa.
Sabiiti yayongeddeko nti baazudde nti abakozi ba Minisitule balina obutakkaanya n’abakola mu ofiisi y’ebyettaka eya disitulikiti y’e Wakiso ekireetedde entambuza y’emirimu okuzingama.
Kwe kusaba minisitule n’abakulembeze ba disitulikiti okugonjoola ensonga eno mu bwangu.
Yayongeddeko nti n’abakozi abasangibwa mu kifo abantu we batuukira, engeri gye bakwatamu bakasitoma n’abagenyi eraga nti si batendeke kimala era beetaaga okuddamu okubangulwa mu bwangu.
Yategeezezza nti byonna bye baasanze e Wakiso, bagenda kubikolamu lipooti bagitwale mu palamenti y’eggwanga ekubaganyizibweko ebirowoozo.
Baalabudde nti ssinga minisitule y’ebyettaka tetereeza bizibu biri Wakiso, eggyibwewo kuba ebeera tegasa Bannayuganda.
Ye ssentebe wa disitulikiti y’e Wakiso, Matia Lwanga Bwanika yategeezezza nti ebbanga lyonna abadde yeemulugunya ku ngeri abakozi ba minisitule gye bakolamu emirimu nga teri avaayo.
Yasabye nti ababaka bye bazudde bireme kukoma mu lipooti, wabula abavunaanyizibwa ku mivuyo egiri mu minisitule ne ofiisi y’e Wakiso, bakolweko.
Nb
Abakozi bano batukiriza mulimu gwa Bible ogwayogerwa ko Jjajja Isa Masiya 10/40 AD. E Buganda nakatono kolina nako kalikujjibwako nekaweebwa alina ekingi enyo.
Buganda demands Shs 10bn from Unra — land board boss
Written by ZAHRA ABIGABA
Last Updated: 23 November 2015
The Buganda Land Board wrote to the Uganda National Roads Authority (Unra) commission of inquiry raising concerns on land compensation.
The board noted that the Kabaka has never been compensated since the inception of Unra and that they demand nearly Shs 10 billion for Unra’s failure to pay the Kabaka. This prompted the commission to ask the Buganda Land Board chief executive officer, David Kyewalabye Male, to re-appear at the inquiry.
The inquiry, chaired by Justice Catherine Bamugemereire, has commissioners Patrick Rusongoza, Abraham Nkata, Ben Okello Luwum and Richard Mongati, with Andrew Kasirye as lead counsel. ZAHRA ABIGABA brings you excerpts from the proceedings:
Kasirye: What is your name?
Kyewalabye: I am David Kyewalabye Male.
Kasirye: How old are you?
Kyewalabye: I am 46 years old.
Kasirye: What do you do for a living?
Kyewalabye: I work as the chief executive officer of the Buganda Land Board.
Kasirye: When did you join the Buganda Land Board?
Kyewalabye: Since February 2007.
Kasirye: What is the Buganda Land Board?
Kyewalabye: The Buganda Land Board is a company mandated with the management of all the land vested in his royal highness the Kabaka of Buganda. This mandate includes the collection of all rental and related income accruing from the use of the Kabaka’s land, including compensation by the state and related organs or bodies.
Kasirye: What are the complaints you are bringing on behalf of the Kabaka and the Buganda Land Board against the Uganda National Roads Authority?
Kyewalabye: Our complaint as the Buganda Land Board on behalf of the Kabaka is with regard to the failure and the refusal by Unra to provide the Kabaka with compensation for the use and acquisition of large tracts of land in spite of various demands and reminders to pay. My lord, what puzzles us is that leasehold tenants and bibanja tenants continue to be compensated while the Kabaka is completely ignored.
Kasirye: Do you know the roads /areas affected and Unra never compensated?
Kyewalabye: The areas include Kibuye-Entebbe phase 2 which was completed in 1998 but up-to-date we have not seen any attempts at payment for Kibuye-Zzana (a 5km stretch), Kampala Northern bypass, Masanafu-Bukalagi-Namungona-Kasubi; all these have not been compensated yet works are going on. Then we have got the Entebbe expressway, which also includes the Munyonyo spur, Kigo, Lunya, Buggu-Kibiri-Kirindi and Mutungo, Mpigi-Maddu, Sembabule road, Lukalu B, Kiriti Sabwe hill, Kabasanda, Mirembe and Ngomanene villages. Mukono-Kyetume [the famous Katosi road], Kisoga-Nyenga road and the affected areas include Kiyola, Katosi central and Kiwologoma villages.
Kasirye: Are there any other complaints you have to table before the commission?
Kyewalabye: Yes, my lord. There are titles given to third parties on the Kabaka’s land without going through the normal process and the areas affected are Munyonyo block 255 and plot 98. The Uganda land commission issued these titles [but] they were fraudulently acquired.
Kasirye: What does that particular road have to do with Unra?
Kyewalabye: The claimants at Munyonyo road have already contacted Unra with their fake titles and compensation is done. Again, the same block 93 where the Catholic shrine is, Mr Obey got the titles on the same piece of land and claims have been passed on to Unra and Unra seems to have recognised it and we are asking for the titles to be recalled and cancelled.
We, therefore, request the commission to go on with the investigations and verify all titles issued on this land before any payments are being made. Otherwise, we will suffer irrecoverable damages if these dubious payments are made at our own expense. And our humble prayer to the commission is that, ‘make all necessary recommendations to enable the payments of all dues that are by law ours.’
Kasirye: Is there any other thing you would like to add?
Kyewalabye: The issue with Kampala northern bypass, Unra took titles and has not returned them. Unfortunately, the Kabaka’s land titles comprise huge chunks of land, like 300-600 acres of land. Unra takes land titles and takes ages without returning them and this affects other tenants on the Kabaka’s land.
Kasirye: Do you know how much Unra is supposed to pay Buganda Land Board?
Kyewalabye: Yes, my lord. It is close to Shs 10 billion.
Kasirye: And do you know the acreage of land to be compensated?
Kyewalabye: Yes, my lord. It is close to 70 acres of land. And if Unra fails to pay the Buganda Land Board in the given time we have given them, then the matter will be taken to court.
Mongati: Mr Kyewalabye, I just want clarification. The normal procedure is that when they are paying kibanja owners, the mailo owner or superior owner must approve. Has this been done?
Kyewalabye: In some cases, my lord, but not all.
Mongati: So, are you saying that bibanja owners have been paid sometimes without the consent of the owner?
Kyewalabye: Yes, my lord.
Mongati: Do you know these cases?
Kyewalabye: Yes, my lord. We have evidence, for instance on the Mpigi-Maddu road, but I think they are quite a number of them.
Nkata: Is the Kabaka’s land, wherever it is available, well demarcated? Are there maps and plans one can see?
Kyewalabye: Yes, my lord. We have titles and in some areas the boundaries have been opened, but various consultants have been involved in these processes. They know how best you can arrive at this.
Nkata: For the interest of the general public, do people know where the Kabaka’s land starts and stops, especially in the central region?
Kyewalabye: Yes, my lord, they do.
Nkata: Soon Salama road is going to be worked on and I am aware that there are multiple land tenures on that road and the issue that has always been contagious is people claiming that they are on Kabaka’s land. Then there are also princesses and royals on that land that claim that it is their land and also landowners. Has this matter been clarified because, as the Munyonyo road will be worked on, this matter is likely to delay the public good because of that unclear demarcation of land? Can you assure the public that this matter has been sorted?
Kyewalabye: Thank you, my lord. As you are aware, the Kabaka is a land title holder, not kibanjas holder; so, once it is titled land, it is very clear with demarcations and we work with land surveyors. And even the various royals who hold land, they are also indicated on the titles and the 1993 Act that invested the land to Kabaka indicates the royals; either it’s the Namasole, Katikkiro, Omulamuzi. But once we have the titles, that is no problem.
We have always requested Unra to work with Buganda Land Board when it comes to Kabaka’s land. The Kabaka is a very big landlord, not somebody who just holds two or three acres of land. We are very committed to this because we are interested parties to the development of this country and, in any case, when these roads are done, the Kabaka benefits more because it uplifts the value of the land.
Bamugemereire: Thank you very much and we appreciate that you have found the commission useful in assisting you to investigate this matter further. We will do our best and I hope that you find the answers.
azabigaba@gmail.com
Company eno ekunganya rent okuva mu bagagga be ttaka mu kibuga Kampala elabika esasula URA omusolo munene ddala okukulakulanya ensi ya Uganda. Naye no enfuna ya sente ebiro bino siyamulembe nakamu kubapangisa b'ettaka. Ggwe ate oba ne company ya UNRA company ngagga nyo.
Kattikiro wa Buganda akyaye okwanirizibwa nga Kabaka wa Buganda---Owebweru?
On January 28, 2015, in a move that may surprise both his admirers and detractors, the Katikkiro of Buganda Charles Peter Mayiga announced that Buganda chiefs and other hosts must stop welcoming him to their areas in a manner which should be reserved for the Kabaka. The televised announcement came after more than a year of complaints by Baganda of different walks of life that the Katikkiro was trying to replace centuries-old Baganda cultural institutions and traditions by expanding his powers and responsibilities beyond what the Baganda constitution (Ennono) allows.
Addressing Ssaza (county) and Ggombolola (sub-county) chiefs, at Bulange Mengo, the Katikkiro told them that going forward, they must stop welcoming him in a style that befits the Kabaka. People must stop erecting archways (ebiyitirirwa) for him, prostrating before him and doing other things that should be reserved for welcoming the Kabaka. Speaking in Luganda, Mayiga said, “In the past I have been to many events where I am inappropriately welcomed, although I cannot blame you because of the high excitement you may have. However, you must reserve those types of welcomes for the Kabaka.”
Since he got his job, Mayiga has endured frequent criticism from members of the Buganda royal clan (Abalangira), Baganda youth organizations (Nkoba za Mbogo, BANGAWA and Ffe Buganda Nze Buganda), Baganda groups in Diaspora and many ordinary Baganda who accused him of, among other things, attempting to destroy Buganda’s cultural foundation. The fact that Katikkiro Mayiga has been a key player in several widely unpopular Buganda deals with President Museveni (Regional Tier and MOU) and, recently, the Aga Khan plan to commercialize the Kabaka’s Palace, has widened the divide between the Katikkiro and traditional Baganda of all shades.
One of the most visible and contraversial practices by Katikkiro Mayiga is his use of a large motorcade, with a heavy detail of AK-47 totting Uganda Special Forces soldiers which project military power on his tours around Buganda. And the fact that the tour organizers often erect archways (ebiyitirirwa) and hire boda-bodas (motorcycle taxis) to enhance crowds and excitement. Many traditional Baganda allege that this is clear evidence that Mr. Mayiga is trying to overshadow the Kabaka and isolate him from his people. Mr. Mayiga’s announcement on Wednesday seems to have been directed at addressing this issue.
Notably, one group of people that has consistently stood behind Mr. Mayiga and his programs are certain Kampala traders, money lenders, sports betting operators and local real-estate investors. And for the most part, Mr. Mayiga’s wealthy supporters have helped him raise billions of shillings under his Ettofaali campaign. Even most of his detractors privately admit that Mayiga has done an impressive job in inspiring Baganda to wake up and believe that they do not want to be victims forever. Lately, however, there are signs that both Baganda and other Ugandans are starting to develop Ettofaali fatigue and the awakened Baganda seem to be expecting Katikkiro Mayiga to start delivering from the billions of Shillings that he has collected.
The audio recording below is one example of the many speeches that have been made in protest of Mr. Mayiga’s policies. Ow’ek. Ssewava Sserubiri, former minister in Buganda Government, made that speech in mid-2014, at a party organized by Nkoba za Mbogo student’s organization.
Audio Player
EKIKA NJOVU.
OMUZIRO:NJOVU
AKABBIRO
NVUBU.
OMUTAKA
MUKALO
OBUTAKA
KAMBUGU
Buliji.
ESSAZA
BUSIRO
OMUBALA
Esimbye amasanga, Nakate ajja.
EKIKA MBWA
OMUZIRO:MBWA
AKABBIRO
Kyuuma kye basiba mu Mbwa.
OMUTAKA
MUTASINGWA.
OBUTAKA
KIGGWA
ESSAZA
BUSUJJU.
OMUBALA
Goba Omukazi oleete Embwa.
Arch-Bishop we York, Ebulaya akakasi
zza nti Ssekaba
ka Daniel Mwanga II Basammu
la
Butagali, talagira nga kutta kwa Bishop Hanning
ton omwaka 1888:
Archbishop of York commissions Hannington sanctuary in Busia, Uganda.
L-R: Tororo Catholic Diocese Bishop Emmanuel Obbo, Bukedi Diocese Bishop Simon Bogere Egesa, Archbishop of York John Sentamu, chairperson of the Uganda Judicial Commission Justice James Ogoola and former Bishop of Bukedi Diocese Nikodemus Okille pose in front of a tree in Budimo village, Busia District, where the remains of the bishop were kept for four days during 1888.
PHOTO BY DOMINIC BUKENYA
By Henry Lubega
Posted Friday, February 20 2015
Traditional, religious and political leaders in Uganda, Kenya and York in Britain have paid homage to the late Bishop of the Equatorial Africa James Hannington at the Hannington Shrine in Budimo village, Busia District.
Religious leaders led by Archbishop of York John Sentamu, Bishop of Bukedi Diocese Simon Bogere Egesa and Bishop of the Catholic Archdiocese of Tororo Emmanuel Obbo among others, attended the function on Wednesday.
For the first time in more than a century, the great grandsons of the chiefs of the two kingdoms where Bishop Hannington was loved and where he was killed, met.
Chief Luba Munulo Juma, the great grandson of chief Luba in whose dominion (Busoga) and on whose orders Hannington was killed, met with chief Peter Mumia II, the great grandson to Paramount chief of the Wanga Kingdom Nabongo Mumia, who had given Hannington porters and guides to Kabaka Mwanga’s palace.
The paramount chief later allowed Bishop Hannington’s remains to be buried in his territory at the cost of his people.
During his visit to the shrine, Archbishop Sentamu commissioned the construction of the administration block of Bishop of York Bible College, Canterbury Square, Hannington Tabernacle Chapel and the York Gardens in Budimo.
Sentamu’s visit was crowned by the ecumenical service conducted by bishops Bogere Egesa and Obbo.
The head of the organising committee, Justice James Ogoola, said Archbishop Sentamu’s visit was not only a religious symbol, but a reconciliation ceremony between the people of Luba in Uganda and their counterparts from Mumias in western Kenya.
“I wanted to reconcile the descendants of the two dramatists in Hannington’s last days. One gave him escorts and guides, the other killed him. The two families met for the first time and I made sure I gave each of them a Lusamia Bible and asked them to shake hands as a sign of reconciliation,” Justice Ogoola, also the chairperson of the Uganda Judicial Commission, said.
The place was first dedicated by then Archbishop of Canterbury George Carey in 1998, as a Hannington shrine.
Chief Luba Munulo Juma in his remarks said: “I don’t feel guilty for what my great grandfather did, the bishop died because of his stubbornness before the cultural leader.”
Chief Peter Mumia II said Bishop Hannington was a Christian not an explorer, killed by those who did not understand him.
More developments
According to Justice Ogoola, plans are also underway to make the shrine a national pilgrimage for Christians to remember Bishop Hannington for his sacrifice for the new Christian faith that had just arrived in the middle of the continent of Africa during 1888.
hlubega@
ug.nationmedia.com
Nantaba wants elderly scheme probed
Outgoing Lands state minister Ida Nantaba (in gomesi) celebrates with the newly elected Kayunga speaker Saleh Balinsoni (2nd left) during the swearing in of district leaders for the Republican government of Uganda May 2016.
PHOTO BY FRED MUZAALE
By Fred Muzaale
Posted Monday, May 30 2016
Kayunga. Outgoing Lands state minister Ida Nantaba has asked the Inspector General of Government to investigate how the outgoing Kayunga District leadership selected beneficiaries of the Senior Citizens Grant given to elderly persons.
Ms Nantaba, who is also the district Woman MP, claims the 100 elderly persons per sub-county in the district were selected based on sectarian and political grounds.
“It hurts me as a leader to find that more than 900 beneficiaries of the senior citizens’ grant in this district all come from the same area and are from almost one tribe. I ask the IGG to take interest in this matter and probe how these beneficiaries were selected,” Ms Nantaba said on Tuesday.
Take oath
This was during the swearing-in of the district LC5 chairperson, Mr Tom Sserwanga, and his councillors at Ntenjeru District headquarters.
The grant, one of the core components of the Social Assistance Grant for Empowerment, started in 2010 with financing by government and development partners.
Kayunga is among the districts where the programme will be rolled out during this financial year.
However, the Elderly and Disabled Affairs State minister, Mr Sulaiman Madada, dismissed the claims by Ms Nantaba, saying beneficiaries had been selected on merit.
The former district LC5 chairman, Mr Steven Dagada said: “The selection of beneficiaries was based on age, but also on who is in more need for assistance.”
fmuzaale@ug.
nationmedia.com
Omusolo ku ttaka lye Buganda ne bizimbe gwakwo-ngera ku nnyingiza ya Central Gavume
nti
Feb 17, 2015
Nzikiriza nti ensimbi entono eziyingira mu ggwanga zisobola okwongerwako singa tugaziya amakubo agayingiza. Nategeezezza olukiiko nti Uganda yeesinga okuyingiza ensimbi entono bw’ogigeraageranya n’amawanga amalala agali mu mukago gwa East Africa.
Singa ekirowoozo kyange kibeera kiguliddwa kisoboka gavumenti n’erifuula etteeka ne liyambako okugaziya amakubo mwe bayingiriza ensimbi mu ggwanika ly’eggwanga. Kyokka kino nsaba kimanyibwe nti kirowoozo kyange ng’omuntu, sinnaba kukyanjula eri gavumenti wadde minisitule y’ebyenfuna n’okuteekeratee
kera eggwanga.
Oluvannyuma lw’abantu ab’enjawulo okuwa endowooza zabwe ku nsonga eno ndowoozezza nti kyetaagisa okwongera okutangaaza ensonga eno ey’okuggya omusolo ku ttaka libeere nga waliwo emirimu egikolerwako oba nedda.
Ekiseera ekiyise Uganda eyongedde ku sente zeeyingiza nga tetunuulidde bagabi ba buyambi waakiri ebitundu 7 ku 100 buli mwaka gwa byansimbi kyokka ekizibu kikyali nti emikisa egiriwo tegikozeseddwa kugafuula makubo agavaamu omusolo okwongera ku nnyigiza y’eggwanga.
Ekiseera kino sente eziva mu musolo ng’ozigeraagera
nyizza n’ennyingiza y’eggwanga yonna zeeyongedde nga kati ziri ebitundu 11.7 ku 100 mu mwaka gw’ebyensimbi 2013/2014 era sente zino ziri wansi bw’ogeraageranya n’amawanga agatwetoolodde wamu ne ku mutendera gw’ensi yonna.
Enkyukakyuka mu nnyingiza ebaddewo okuva mu mwaka gwa 2000/01 eraga nti ennyingiza y’eggwanga ekyali wansi bw’ogeraageranya n’omutindo gw’ensi yonna. Uganda eteekwa okwongeramu amaanyi ku musolo gw’esolooza munda mu ggwanga okugatta empungu eriwo wakati waayo n’amawanga amalala mu byensimbi bwetubeera nga tuli baakugenda mu masso nga tuvuganya.
Etundutundu lya 27.21 ku 100, ku byenfuna bya Uganda liva mu byabulimi ebikolerwa ku ttaka kyokka ekkowe lino livaamu omusolo mutono nnyo era wano wensinziira okuwa ekiteeso nti eggwanga liteekewo enkola ennambulukufu esobola okuteekawo omusolo omulambulukufu okuggya sente mu by’obulimi n’okussaawo omusolo ku ttaka.
Amakowe amalala agasaana okutunuulira mu mbeera eno kuliko: eby’okuzimba, ebyenjigiriza n’obusuubuzi bw’ettaka kubanga ennyingiza yabyo eri wagguluko.
Enkola eriwo ewa amakubo gavumenti geetaddewo okuggya omusolo ku kkampuni ezisuubula ettaka n’amasomero g’obwannannyini era wano wensinziira okukidding’ana nti mu nkola yeemu n’ebyobulimi bitunuulirwe. Okulemwa okuggya omusolo ku nnyingiza mu byobulimi kiraga nti wakyaliwo obuzibu mu mitendera gy’okunoonya omusolo ekivaako okuyingiza sente entono mu ggwanga.
Amawanga nga Denmark, Estonia, Chile ne South Africa zitumbudde nnyo omusolo ku byobulimi ne kiyambako okuyingiza sente mu gavumenti zabwe. Endowooza yange ng’omutuuze, nkiraba ng’okuggya omusolo ku ttaka kisobola okwongera enkulaakulana kubanga kijja kuwaliriza bannannyini ttaka okulikulaakulanya baleme kuliragajjalira.
Ndowooza nti kino ekirowooza gavumenti esobola okukigula n’ekiteekako amateeka agakifuga okusobola okwongera ku makubo mw’eggya omusolo. Amawanga mangi gavudde ku kusolooza obusuulu ne bateekawo emiwendo emirambulukufu ku musolo gwe baggya ku ttaka. Endowooza eno esobola okwongerwako n’ekulaakulanyizi
The government of Uganda has been found guilty of putting a 2009 curfew on the King of the State of Buganda. The case has taken the Ugandan Courts six years to come to an agreed judicial Judgement.
President Yoweri Museveni (L) shaking hands with Buganda king Ronald Mwenda Mutebi at some function.
File photo
By Juliet Kigongo
Posted Saturday, December 19 2015
KAMPALA, UGANDA.
The Constitutional Court has ruled that police was wrong to prevent the Kabaka of Buganda from visiting his subjects in Kayunga district on September 12, 2009.
In a majority ruling of three to two, Justices Remmy Kasule, Egonda–Ntende and Rubby Opio Aweri concurred with the four petitioners, all Buganda kingdom subjects, that it is everyone’s right to move freely, reside or settle in any part of the country. The judges concluded that the Kabaka was exercising his constitutional right of free movement.
“The role of the Uganda Police was to regulate and put in place security measures to ensure that both Baganda and the Banyala who had threatened to demonstrate over the said visit are safe,” the judges noted.
The judges ordered government to pay costs of the case to the petitioners. There is no compesation whatsover for those who lost their lives and property. Mr Edward Lugonvu, Dr Adam Kimala, Mr Charles Ssenkungu and Ms Saida Najjuka. However, two of the judges - Eldard Mwangusya and Prof Lillian Tibatemwa, dissented and agreed with the government that blocking the Kabaka’s visit was to ensure peace because there was imminent chaos.
jkigongo@ug.
nationmedia.
com
Uganda Senior Police officers are facing eviction from Buganda State Police Barracks:
By Simon Ssekidde
Added 31st May 2016
Currently Mpigi Central Police station is faced with the challenge of housing
Officers at Mpigi Police Station gear up for deployment recently. (Senior officers have been told to leave the barracks).
Senior Police officers at Mpigi Central Police Station have been asked to vacate houses in the police barracks and rent rooms outside the barracks.
In the letter dated 23rd May 2016, authored by the District Police Commander, Ahmad Kimera Sseguya, he directed all officers from the rank of Assistant Superintendent of Police (ASP) and above to immediately vacate the houses where they are currently staying.
According to Kimera, all officers from the rank of Assistant Superintendent of Police and above are not allowed to sleep in the police barracks because they receive housing allowance in their salary every month.
“We have junior officers who are renting outside the barracks yet they are supposed to sleep inside the Police barracks, these senior officers are supposed to sleep outside the barracks and not inside because their housing allowances are consolidated in the salary” Kimera said.
Currently there are nine Senior Police officers sleeping in houses inside the barracks at Mpigi Central Police station who are facing eviction according to Kimera.
Kimera added that Cadet Officers are however excused because they are not yet confirmed ASPs and therefore they do not receive housing allowances.
Currently, the station is faced with the challenge of housing.
One of the officers who is facing eviction but preferred enormity, said the directive came at a time when they have no money to rent rooms outside the barracks and that they are expensive which they cannot afford now.
“We cannot afford to rent rooms outside the barracks now because they are expensive, we are still looking for money to take our children to school and they are now asking us to leave the barracks” he said.
'Paasita' eyeeyita Yesu bamugga-lidde: Agaana abagoberezi be emmere enfumbe, okugenda mu ddwaaliro, n'okusoma
By Musasi wa Bukedde
Added 1st July 2016
POLIISI mu disitulikiti y’e Nakaseke ekutte ab’enzikiriza egaana abantu okulya emmere enfumbe, okugenda mu malwaliro n’okutwala abaana ku ssomero abaabadde bakubye olukuhhaana okusaasaanya enjiri yaabwe
Emu ku makanisa amanji agagoberera ISA MASIYA mu nsi Buganda.
POLIISI mu disitulikiti y’e Nakaseke ekutte ab’enzikiriza egaana abantu okulya emmere enfumbe, okugenda mu malwaliro n’okutwala abaana ku ssomero abaabadde bakubye olukuhhaana okusaasaanya enjiri yaabwe.
Baakwatiddwa ku kyalo Tongo mu ggombolola y’e Kapeeka mu disitulikiti y’e Nakaseke.
Omwogezi wa poliisi mu kitundu kya Savana, Lameka Kigozi yategeezezza nti abaakwatiddwa baggaliddwa ku poliisi e Kiwoko ne mukama waabwe Emmanuel Semakula 35, ng’ono yeeyita ISA MASIYA era agamba nti agaba n’emikisa.
Nb
Ensi Buganda ejjudde nyo eddini. Ono naye agenda kwefunira linya LYA SADAAKA (ekiweebwayo) MU DDINI ENO EYA TONDA nga Baganda banaffe wano e Namugongo bwebajjukirwa okukamala.
Engeri mukulu Bbaale Mugera gyeyavuga Kabaka wa Buganda okukomawo e Buganda nga ayita e Kenya:
By Musasi wa Bukedde
Added 30th July 2018
Bbaale Mugera ne Kabaka mu 2005. Mugera ye yavuga Kabaka okumukomyawo mu Uganda.
Mu 1986, ng’abataka bamaze okukola enteeseganya ez’enjawulo ne Pulezidenti Museveni ng’akkirizza Ssaabasajja okudda nga Ssaabataka, Ssaabasajja ng’akyali Bungereza, yateekawo akakiiko k’abantu abawerako nga nange kwendi, looya John Katende, Joyce Mpanga, Joseph Musoke, Omulangira Badru Kakungulu eyali akakulembera, Paul Kavuma, Ssenteza Kajubi, Ssaabalangira Kayima, Rev. Gwayambadde, Omulangira Jjuuko Walugembe, George Kabugo, Rev. Fr. Ssebayigga, Patrick Bukenya Kiwanuka, n’abalala. Buli muntu yalina olubimbi lwe era buli omu yamuwandiikira ebbaluwa ng’amutegeeza nti alondeddwa okubeera ku kakiiko akakola ku ntegeka z’okudda kwe n’okuteeseganya ne gavumenti.
Twasanga obuzibu, ng’abamu baagala enteekateeka z’okudda kw’Omutanda zibeere mu lwatu Abaganda balage essanyu lyabwe ate abalala nga bagamba zibeere za kyama kuba tetumanyi bantu balala kye balowooleza Bwakabaka bwaffe.
Ebiseera ebyo Kabaka yali avudde e Bungereza ng’asembedde e Kenya, twasalawo nti tumuleete mu kasirise, tuleme kuleetawo buzibu kuba n’abaamagye bangi baali basimbidde ekkuuli eky’okudda kwe. Obuvunaanyizibwa era bwagabwa, obwange bwali butereevu ku Ssaabataka, nga nze nkola ku bantu abalina okumulaba ne mbasunsulamu. Nvuga Kabaka okumuzza okwaboobwe Mu 1986, nze ne Patrick Kiwanuka twalondebwa okunona Omutanda e Kenya okumukomyawo kuno. Ekiro ekyo lwe nategeera nti nze nja okuvuga Omutanda era nasula seebase.
Nabukeereza nkokola ne tukwatagana ne Kiwanuka, buli omu yavuga mmotoka ye, zonna zaali Benzi, yali aggyidddwa e Kenya Omw. Wasswa Biriggwa ng’amuleese ku nsalo emu we twalina okumunona, twagenda babiri ffekka nze ne Kiwanuka. Olwatuuka ku nsalo we yali, twebuuza nti atuule mu mmotoka y’ani, Kiwanuka ate ye yali akankana nnyo ne tusalawo atuule mu yange.
Omutanda aba tannatuula mu mmotoka, abajaasi babiri ne batuva erudda n’erudda, omu yali James Lutaaya ate omulala Major Lukyamuzi. Lutaaya yatutegeeza nti “Am taking command of this mission” nti Pulezidneti ye yali amutumye nti era tugoberere ebiragiro bye. Emmotoka z’amagye bbiri nazo ne ziyingirawo nga kuliko abajaasi, Ssaabasajja yatuula mu mmotoka yange, ez’amagye ne zitukulembera emu mabega endala mu maaso.
Natya nga simanyi kiddirira, ng’Omutanda ye mugumu nnyo era Ssaabasajja nkakasa tatiiririrangako Buganda, abadde mugumu mu mbeera yonna. Namuvuganga ambuuza nti, “Ee Vincent muli mutya eno, ebintu bibadde bitambula bitya?” naye nga nze gw’abuuza omwoyo nga gwanvuddemu dda, nga simanyi bigendererwa by’abajaasi bano abatuwerekera na gye batutwala. Bampa ebiragiro nti nvuge nga nzira Kampala teri we tukyamako yadde ate nga ne Museveni ebiseera ebyo tetunnamwesiga.
Bwe twatuuka e Kampala, Lutaaya n’ambuuza, ntegeka ki ku gye tutwala Omutanda, ne mmutegeeza, tubadde tumutwala mu maka gange e Muyenga. Mba sinnamugamba nti okwata kkubo lino, n’atukulemberamu okutuuka mu maka gange, nasigala nneebuuza yategeddeyo atya!
Mukyala wange Sarah Kagere twasanga yategese dda ebyokunywa n’atuwa olwo amagye ne gagenda naye ng’ebweru waliyo abali mu ngoye za bulijjo abatambula. Waayita akaseera katono, omuntu n’akonkona ku geeti, okutuukawo nga William Pike eyali akulira kkampuni ya Vision Group, yahhamba nti awulidde ng’Omulangira Mutebi ali wange era ayagala kwogerako naye, Omutanda yakkiriza era n’ayingira ne boogera.
Natya nga mpulira siteredde Omutanda okusuzibwa mu maka gange, nga buli omu ategdde nti nze mmulina, nayogera ne Kiwanuka ne mmugamba ategeke we tunaasuza Omutanda, yagenda ewuwe e Komamboga n’atereeza amaka ge, zaali ziwera ssaawa 2:00 ez’ekiro Omutanda ne tumutwala n’atandika okusula eyo.
Abantu bangi bajjanga okumuleetera ebintu era Abaganda baatulaga omwoyo gwa Buganda ogutafa kuba baafaayo eri Kabaka waabwe eyali ng’asenze mu mutala omupya okutali kantu ng’atandika butandisi.
E Komamboga yamalayo emyezi mitono n’addayo e Bungereza, twali twekengedde abantu abamu abajjanga okumulabako. Mu 1987 twazzaawo emipiira gy’ebika ne tuteekawo akakiiko ka Bika Football Association (BFA) okusembeza abantu okumpi ne Kabaka waabwe ate naye okumusembeza mu bantu be. Lumu mu 1989 Pulezidenti Museveni yatubuuza nti, Kabaka agenda kweyimirizaawo atya? Ne wabaawo abamuwabula nti aweebwe omulimu mu gavumenti akole, twagaana nga tukimanyi Kabaka akolera bantu be si kukozesebwa.
Ne tutandika okulowooza ku bintu byaffe ebingi ebyali biri mu gavumenti ya wakati. Ne tutandika okubanja Ebyaffe era bingi bigenze bikomawo. Ennaku z’omwezi bwe zaaweebwa ez’okutikkira Omutanda, buli omu yeebuga.
Nawulira essanyu lye sifunangako mu bulamu, nga ndaba kye twalwanirira ebbanga eddene kituukiridde, essanyu eryo lyanneerabiza ennaku gye nalaba mu kuwamba olubiri mu 1966.
Kwini bwe yakakaatika Nyaffe Buganda mu kitondekye ekya Uganda mu 1962, awo ekizibu kya Buganda e kinene ennyo we kyatandikira!! Ekigendererwa kya Kwini okutondawo Uganda kyali era kiri kusigala ng’amawanga gaffe gannansangwa ng’akyagasibidde mu njegere z’obuddubwe, ng’asinziira mu United Nations!! Awo kye yava agattika amawanga gaffe agaatondebwa nga buli limu lirina emigabo gyalyo egy’obwebange era egy’enjawulo nga gikuumibwa Nono bulombolombo obwa buli gwanga eryo.
Omugabo ogusookera dala Tonda gwe yawa buli gwanga ky’ekitundu (territory) eky’obwebange mwe yaliwanga, n’olw’ekyo ly’erinnya “Ggwanga oba Buwangwa” ebiva mu kigambo “Kuwanga”!!!.
Mukama waffe, kati emyaka gyekulungudde mingi ng’abeewaayo okulumirirwa Buganda eve mu Buddu bwa Kwini, n’olwekyo obwa Uganda, nga bakiraba era nga bakikakasa nti “Okuggyako Nyaffe Buganda ng’ekutudde enjegere z’obuddu ezaamusibirwa mu Uganda, siwayinza kubeerawo suubi, wadde akatono, lya Nyaffe Buganda kufuna wadde akanyiikuuli k’emirembe egyamutonderwa!!!
Ayi Magulunnyondo, olw’okubanga Eddiini, obuyigirize ne sente byatuziba amatu, amaaso, emimwa wamma n’amagezi, Tonda afubye nyo okutusumulula mu njegere z’obuddu bwa Kwini, naye nga .ffe b’agezaako okununula tuli ng’ebikoko ebirundire mu kiyu, ebiwebwa eddembe ly’okuva mu kiyu byetaaye ate byo ne bidduka nga bidda mu kiyu!!!.
Ayi Ssabasajja, bakadde baffe abaaliwo mu 1962 nga Kwini akakaatika Buganda mu kitondekye ekya Uganda, baasobola nabo okuwaliriza Kwini okukola endagaano eyafuula Uganda ensi entongole, n’ekakaatika Nyaffe Buganda n’amawanga amalala mu Uganda, n’etondaawo gavumenti ya Uganda n’ebigigenderako era Buganda mwe yapangisiza gavumenti ya Uganda Sq. mile emu ey’ettaka e Kampala ne ika 10 e Ntebe gavument ya Uganda ekolerengako emirimu gyayo.
Mu 1966, gavumenti ya Uganda yamenyawo endagaano eyali egitondawo wamu nebirala bye tulabye!!! Kyennyamiza nyo okulaba nga okuva mu 1966 n’okutuusa kati, Abaganda amaaso, amatu, emimwa, n’emitima gyaffe tebituyambanga kumanya nti Tonda yamenyesaawo gavumenti ya Uganda endagaano eyali egitondawo n’ebirala, Tonda nga akigendereramu kununula, Nyaffe Buganda!!! Endagaano ya 1962 weetali, ate bye yatondawo byonna bisigalawo bitya, bwe tuba nga tetuli bakateeyamba ba kumanya, kutegeera na kufaayo!
Ggwe ate olaba tukooloobya oluyimba lwa federo okumala emyaka n’emyaka nga tetufangayo kumanya makulu ga federo, egasaki, biki by'etasobola kutuwa, eyogerwako ddi? Esabwabusabwa era egabwabugabwa?, efunibwa etya n’ebirala!! Ekizibu kyaffe, Ai Ssabasajja, ssi butabeera na federo, wabula ekizibu kyaffe bwe bufuge n’Obuddu bwa Uganda, n’olwekyo obwa Kwini, bwe tulimu. Olw’okubanga oluyimba lwa federo lwe tukooloobya lutegeeza kukaabirira kulya kibanja mu Uganda ekiyitibwa “Federo” n’olwekyo, tuba tukaabirira Buganda kugizzaamu lwambalizo lwa bufuge na buddu Kwini lwe yatuteekamu mu 1962!!
Ai Ssabalongo, Kwini bwe yamala okukakaatika Nyaffe Buganda mu kitondekye ekya Uganda, awo map ya Uganda yonna n’ekubwa mu butongole nga n’eggwanga Buganda kweriri!!!
N’olwekyo, Buganda okubeera ku map ya Uganda ssi kintu kya sanyu na kwenyumirizaamu eri Abaganda abafaayo okulondoola ensonga za Nyaffe Buganda.
Mukama waffe Ssabasajja, ow’eryanyi bw'amala okukuwamba n’akusibira era n’akukuumira mu makaage n’akutuuma n’erinnya ly’ekikakye, oluvannyuma ekisenge mw’osula n’akikugobamu era n’awera okuwulira erinnyalyo mu makaage, olwo ate ng’okaabirira okukuddiza ekisenge oddemu okubalirwa mu maka ago??!!! Manyanga aba akuddizza eddembelyo weetambulire!!! Endagaano eyatukakaatika mu Uganda gavumenti ya kwini gye yaleka wano yagimenyawo, federo eyakozesebwa okutulesaawo okwefuga kwaffe okwa 1959 tumale tuyingizibwe mu Uganda, federo baagituggyako, ku map ya Uganda baatusangulako, olwo atubaguliza tulinze wa kigwo?!! Kati ate ebintu nga bino tukaabirira byaki? Awo tetufuuse bikoko bizungu bye baddiza eddembe ly’okwetaaya ate ne bidduka nga bidda mu kiyu??!!! Ebintu nga bino twandibadde tubyogerako mu ngeri ya kwetakkuluza n’okwenunula mu bufuge, obuddu n’omugattiko gw’amawanga ebitutadde wakati mu gazibu agangi ennyo, so ssi kubikaabirira bukaabirizi ne lufuuka oluyimba. Kati Buganda okugizza ku map ya Uganda tukifunamu kalungi ki??
KABAKA WA BUGANDA N’ENDAGAANO
Mukama waffe Magulunyondo, Appolo Kaggwa Katikkiro wa Kabaka MwangaII bwe yeekobaana n’Abangereza ne bawandiika endagaano ya 1894, bwe baagireetera Kabaka Mwanga yagaana okugiteekako omukono kubanga okusooka, ebyalimu byali bya kuwaayo Gwanga Buganda eri Abangereza, ekyokubiri, Obuganda ssi bwe bwali bugiwandiise.
Omulyolyomi Appolo Kaggwa bwe yagiteekako omukono, ye, n’Abangereza bwe baatanula okugiteeka mu nkola, awo Kabaka Mwanga II we yatandikira olutalo lwe ku Bazungu!!!
Olutalo lwa Mwanga II ku Bazungu lwakomekkerezebwa mu kumuwangangusa na kutwala Katikiro Appolo Kaggwa, Mwanga II gye yali, Kaggwa n’amukuba amasasi abiri (2) mu bulago agaamutta, basobole okuteekako Omulangira Chwanabakka eyali ow’omwaka ogumu!!!.
Omulangira Chwanabakka olwalya Obuganda, Katikkirowe Appolo Kaggwa n’aggyayo empapula n’ekkalaamu n’akola endagaano ye eya 1900 n’Abangereza!!! Kabaka Chwanabakka II bwe yaweza emyaka 18 egy’obukulu, Kaggwa n’Abazungu ne bamuleetera Endagaano yaabwe eya 1900 agiteekeko omukono Kabaka Chwanabakka II yagaana okugiteekako omukono. Kubanga, okusooka, ssi ye yagikola, ekyokubiri, Obuganda ssi bwe bwali bugikoze. Okunyigirizibwa ennyo ku nsonga eno, kwe kwavaamu Kabaka Chwanabakka II okwabulira obulamu bw’ensi eno!!!
Ayi Ssabasajja, gavana wa Kwini bwe yalagira Kabaka Muteesa II okuteeka omukono ku biwandiiko Obuganda bye bwali butamanyi, Kabaka Muteesa II yagaana okubiteekako omukono ebbanga gwanvu nyo ekyamuviiramu okumuwangangusa mu 1953!!
Mukama waffe, ebyafaayo bya ba Ssekabaka abasatu tubiggyeeyo olw’okwagala okwoleka nti, nga bwe kiri nti Kabaka wa Buganda takola oba tayogera Obuganda kye butamugambye, ne ku nsonga y’endagaano Obuganda tabukolera ndagaano era ne bwe kuba kugissaako mukono, Obuganda bwe bumala okugiwandiika ne bulyoka bugimuwa agisseeko omukono, bwe buba bwagadde.
Ai Ssemunywa, wano jjo ly’abalamu, mu 2013, Kabaka wa Buganda yakkiriza Katikkirowe Mayiga okumukukusa n’amutwala ewa Pulezidenti Museveni, Kabaka n’ateeka omukonogwe, mbu kulwa Buganda, era mu kyama, ku bipapulapapula ebyayitibwa, mbu “Endagaano” wakatiwe ne Gavana wa Kwini, Museveni!!!
Wano Kabaka wa Buganda yawubisibwa kinene nyo n’amenya empisa n’akalombolombo K’obwakabaka bwa Buganda!!! Wadde ebipapulapapula bye yateekako omukono bonna abaali mu butaliimu buno baalowooza nti baali basobola okubikuuma nga bya kyama, naye Obuganda bwasobola bulungi okubifunako kopi nyingi buli eyayagala okubifuna n’abifuna.
Ebipapula bwe tubisoma, obutafaanana na ba Ssekabaka, Mwanga II, Chwa II ne Muteesa II abaawaayo obulamu bwabwe baleme okuwaayo Ensi yaabwe, ku luno Kabaka wa Buganda yakkiriza okugabulira Gavana wa Kwini, Museveni amasaza g’obwakababwe, nga Bugerere, Buruuli n’amalala, okwo kwe yagatta ettaka eriri wano na wali!!!
Na buli kati tukyawulira enkiiko ezituuzibwa olw’okulondoola n’okuteeka mu nkola ebiri mu bipapulapapula bino eby’Ekivve!!!