text:
EPH – – Bible en mashi du Congo
Munkwa munene oku barhumisi ba Yezu na Ekleziya
bakolaga na C.D.P.C.L. Bukavu, bulya omu EBIBLIYA NTAGATIFU,
Verbum Bible, Kinshasa 1992, rhudômire binwa binji bya mashi.
AMARUBA MUTAGATIFU PAOLO AYANDIKIRAGA ABEFEZIa
Nnâmahanga warheganyagya ebinja rhulimwo buno. Kurhenga mîra erhi ajira omuhigo gw’okuciza abantu n’okuha ebintu byoshi mwâmi muguma, ye Kristu. Muli ye, Abayahudi n’abarhali Bayahudi bakola baguma: «2, 13 Lero buno, muli Kristu, mwe mwàli kuli mîra, omuko gwa Kristu gwammushegezize hofi. 14 Neci ye buholo bwirhu, ye wajirara ago mashanja gombi okuba liguma, ashâba ecisîka c’obushombanyi cakag’ibaberûla; 15 omu mubiri gwâge arhenza irhegeko haguma n’ebirhegesirwemwo n’ebigabi byâlyo, mpu lyo abo babiri abahindula muntu muguma muhyâhya muli ye, na ntyo alêrhe omurhûla; 16 na bombi abajire mubiri muguma, anabagalule omu bwîra bwa Nnâmahanga omu kuyîrha obushombanyi bwâbo muli ye oku musalaba. 17 Anaciyish’ihubuliza omurhûla kuli mwe, mwe mwâli kulî, n’obuholo kuli balya bàli hofi. 18 Neci, oku rhulibabiri ye rhuhisa hali Ishe muli Mûka muguma yêne.»
Eco cinyabuguma cihyâhya c’abemêzi yo Ekleziya. Kristu ye Irhwe yêne wakerekaga emikolo y’oburhumisi (cig. 4) abarhumisi bagwâsirwe ngasi muguma alonze obunguke bwa boshi. Kristu yene arhuhire olwiganyo ly’obuzigire burhashuba nyuma. Acîshwêkire oku Ekleziya anayicêsa. Mpu obuhya bw’abakristu burholere olwiganyo aho, bunabe cimanyîso cihamîriza oburhahemuka bwa Kristu (cig. 5). Okubêra kwinja kuli Kristu eri ntambala rhwalwa, ci rhurhalwisagya abirhu ci galya mahashe mabî shetani akolêsa mpu arhuyegûle kuli Kristu (cig. 6).
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Omusingo
1 Paolo, Ntumwa ya Yezu Kristu oku bulonza bwa Nyamuzinda, oku batagatifu n’abemêzi muli Kristu Yezu bali e Efezi. 2 Kuli mwe engalo n’omurhûla gwa Larha Nnâmahanga na Nyakasane Yezu Kristu.
I. Ihwe ly’obucunguzi n’ery’ Ekleziya
Kurhenga amango goshi erhi Nyamuzinda alonza okurhujira bana bâge
3 Ayagirwe Nyamuzinda n’Ishe wa Nnawirhu Yezu Kristu, owarhugishaga, arhuha obwanga bw’obunya-mûka bwa ngasi lubero, bwanga buhubuka omu mpingu muli Kristu!
4 Ntyo kwo acirhwishozire muli ye embere igulu liremwe mpu rhube batagatifu na bêru-kwêru embere zâge omu buzigire,
5 oku bulonza gwâge yêne arhulondôla mpu rhuyish’iba bâna bâge balere erhi Yezu Kristu orhuma,
6 oku bukuze bw’irenge ly’engalo yâge arhushobôzagya muli Omugala Muzigirwa.
7 Muli ye rhubona obuyôkoke, muko gwâge gurhumire, obwonjo oku byâha, nk’oku obuhirhi bw’engalo yâge bunali,
8 eyo ngalo Nnâmahanga arhushobôzagya omu bushinganyanya n’omu bumanye.
9 Arhumanyisa ihwe ly’obulonza gwâge, gulya muhigo gwâge gw’olukogo ali erhi ahizire muli Kristu,
10 mpu lyo, hano amango gayunjula, aguyukiriza: okushubûliza ebintu byoshi muli Mwâmi muguma, yerigi Kristu, ebiri emalunga n’en’igulu.
11 Muli ye kandi rhwacishozirwe mpu rhube mîmo, rhwagoshôlwa kurhenga mîra oku bulonza bw’Olya ojira byoshi nk’oku alonzize yêne,
12 mpu lyo rhweb rhwàli erhi rhulangalira Kristu kurhenga mîra, rhuba bukuze bw’irenge lyâge.
13 Ninyuc kwo na kwo, erhi muyus’iyumva oluderho lw’okuli, yo Myanzi y’Akalembe k’obuyôkoke bwinyu, n’erhi muha mwamayemêra, muli ye mwàhirwakwo ecimanyîso ca Mûka Mutatagatifu mwalaganyibagwa.
14 Oyo Mûka Mutatagatifu co cikinja c’akashambala kirhu, ye narheganya obucunguzi bw’olubaga Nyamuzinda acizagya, mpu lube bukuze bw’irenge lyâge.
Kristu ye Mwâmi mukulu w’ebintu byoshi
15 Co cirhumire, nani erhi nyumva obuyemêre bwinyu muli Nyakasane Yezu n’obuzigire bwinyu oku batagitifu boshi, 16 ntacihusa okuvuga omunkwa mwe murhumire nka nammukengêra omu nsengero zâni, 17 nti Nyamuzinda wa Nnawirhu Yezu Kristu, Ishe w’irenge, ammuhe omurhima gw’ohushinganyanya anammufulûlire amahwe gâge, lyo mumumanya bwinja. 18 Mâshi ammumolekere amasù g’omurhima, mubone bulangalire buci mwahamagalîrwe na buhirhi buci bw’irenge akashambala kâge kammubîkîre omu karhî k’abatagatifu, 19 mubone na bukulu buci burhajira Iugero obuhashe bwâge bwarhuhîre, rhwe bemêzi. Obwo buhashe bw’emisi yage 20 abuyerekîne muli Kristu erhi amufûla omu bafù anamubwârhaza ebwa kulyo kwâge omu mpingu, 21 enyanya bwenêne kulusha ngasi Bwâmi, ngasi Burhegesi, ngasi Buhashe na ngasi Burhwâli, na kulusha ngasi izîno liderhwa, arhali hano igulu hône, ci n’omu igulu lyâyisha. 22 Byoshi abihizire aha magulu gâge, amujira kasongêro k’ebintu byoshi, amujira irhwe ly’Ekleziya, 23 gwo mubiri gwâge, lyo n’ishwinjiro ly’olya oyunjuzize byoshi byoshi muli ngasi kantu.
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Kristu arhucungula buzira makwânane girhu
1 Ninyud mwe mwàli mufîre n’obubî n’ebyâha binyu 2 mwàlimwo mîra erhi mukashimba obugende bw’eri igulu n’okukashimba omuluzi w’obwâmi bw’omu cirêre, ye muzimu ntalikirira entumva … 3 Câbà mushâna nirhue rhweshi rhwàli ba Iugero luguma nabo mîra omu kushimba amîru girhu mabî, omu kukolera irala ly’omubiri n’enyifinjo mbî, n’oku bworhere bwirhu rhwàli bâna ba bukunizi ak’abandi.
4 Ci Nyamuzinda ntahwalukogo, obuzigire bwâge bunji arhuzigiremwo burhumire, 5 n’obwo rhwàli mifîriri erhi byâha birhu birhuma, arhufûla haguma na Kristu, -enali nshôkano yâge yammucizagya-; 6 arhufûla haguma naye, anarhubwârhaza omu mpingu muli Kristu Yezu, 7 mpu ayêrekane omu myâka yayisha obuhirhi burhajira Iugero bw’engalo yâge n’obwinja bwâge kuli rhwe muli Kristu Yezu. 8 Bulya, neci, nshôkano yâge, kuhirakwo obuyemêre, yammucizagya. Obwo bucire, arhali omu misi yinyu burhenga, ci eri ngalo ya Nyamuzinda. 9 Arhali omu bijiro burhenga, mpu lyo halek’iba owacikuza. 10 Bulya rhuli mulimo gwâge, rhwalemirwe muli Kristu Yezu mpu rhujire ebijiro binja Nyamunzinda arhurheganyizagya okukola.
Abayahudi n’abarhali Bayahudi omu cinyabuguma ca Kristu
11 Kengeri amango ga mîra, mwe bapagani, -mwàli bo ornu mubiri gwinyu, mwa mwakag’iderhwa bantakembûlwa na balya bacîderha bakembûle, erhi banali bo omu mubiri gwâbo gwakembûlagwa n’abantu-; 12 kengeri oku ago mango murhagwêrhe Kristu, mwàli bakagwa omu ishanja ly’Israheli, nta cigabi mwagwêrhe omu ndagâno Nnâmabangaf alaganaga, mwàli mbula-bulangalire na mbula-Nyamuzinda en’igulu. 13 Lero buno, muli Kristu, mwe mwàli kulî mîra, omuko gwa Kristu gwammushegezize hofi.
14 Neci ye buholo bwirhu, ye wajirara ago mashanja gombig okuba liguma, ashâba ecisîka c’obushombanyi cakag’ibaberûla; 15 omu mubiri gwâge arhenza irhegekoh haguma n’ebirhegesirwemwo n’ebigabi byâlyo, mpu lyo abo babiri abahindula muntu muguma muhyahya muli ye, na ntyo alerhe omurhûla; 16 na bombi abajire mubiri muguma, anabagalule omu bwîra bwa Nnâmahanga omu kuyîrha obushombanyi bwâbo muli ye oku musalaba. 17 Anaciyish’ihubuliza omurhûla kuli mwe, mwe mwâli kulî, n’obuholo kuli balya bàli hofi. 18 Neci, oku rhuli babirii ye rhuhisa hali Ishe muli Mûka muguma yêne.
19 Na ntyo murhaciri b’embuga nisi erhi bigolo, ci mukola ba mulala muguma n’abatagatifu na bâna b’omu nyumpa ya Nyamuzinda. 20 Entumwa n’abalêbi co ciriba muyubakîrwekwo, na Kristu Yezu Yênênê ye ibuye-kaboko ka nyumpa. 21 Muli ye mwo ngasi bûbake busîmbana bunashunjûka, bube ka-Nyamuzinda katagatifu muli Nyakasane. 22 Muli ye ninyu mwajîre omu bûbake mpu muhinduke ka-Nyamuzinda muli Mûka Mutagatifu.
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Paolo muja-bugo w’ihwe lya Kristu
1 Co irhumire, nie ono Paolo, ndi mushwêke wa Kristu Yezu mwe bapagani murhumire. 2 Bulya nkabaga mwayumvîrhe kurhi Nyamuzinda anshobôzagya enshôkano yâge mpu mmuhise kuli yo, 3 n’oku anfulûliraga ery’ihwe, nk’okûla mmuyandikire omu nderho nsungunu. 4 Omu kusoma ebi mmuyandikîre ninyu mwêne mwaciyumviza obumanye njira bw’ihwe lya Kristu. 5 Ery’ihwe lirhàli lisag’ibwîrwa abantu ba mîra nk’oku likola limanyirwe n’entumwa zâge ntagatifu n’abalêbi muli Mûka Mutagatifu: 6 Abapagani bakola bayemêrîrwe okuyish’ihâbwa kashambala kaguma, bakola baba birumbu bya mubiri muguma, banakola bashangira eciragâne muli Kristu Yezu erhi Myanzi y’Akalembe erhumaj. 7 Nahindusire muja-bugo w’eyo Myanzi y’Akalembe erhi nshôkano y’engalo Nyamuzinda anshobôzagya erhuma, ayerekana obuhashe bw’okuboko kwâge. 8 Nie munyi omu bakristu boshi, nie nashobwîre enshokano y’okumanyisa abapagani obuhirhi bwa Kristu burhajira Iugero 9 n’okuyêreka abantu boshi lirya ihwe lyàli lifulike kurhenga emyaka n’emyaka muli Nyamuzinda, Mulemi w’ebintu byoshi. 10 Obwo bushinganyanya bwa Nyamuzinda burhajira oku bwankagerwa, ciru n’Amâmi n’Amahashek g’omu mpingu, erhi gabona Ekleziya lyo gabumanyire. 11 Ntyo kwo Nnâmahanga àli alâlîre kurhenga emyâka n’emyaka okuyish’ijira muli Nnawirhu Kristu Yezu. 12 Ye rhuha, akaba rhuyemîre, oburhwàli bw’okuyegera Nyamuzinda buzira bwôba. 13 Ntyo mmuhunyire nti murharhemukaga erhi malibuko gâni garhuma, bulya lyo irenge linyu.
Omusengero gwa Paolo
14 Co cirhumire nfukama embere za Nyamuzind’Ishe, 15 y’Ishe wa ngasi mubusi oli empingu n’igulu, 16 nti ahume omu buhirhi bw’irenge lyâge, ammukomeze n’obuzibu bwa Mûka Mutagatifu, ly’omuntu muhyâhyal ommulimwo ayushûka, 17 lyo na Kristu abêra omu mirhima yinyu erhi buyemêre bwinyu burhuma. Mumere emizi omu buzigire, munasêre omu buzigire, 18 lyo muhash’iyumva, mwe n’abemêzi boshi, obugali n’obuli, oburherema n’obwandagalam, 19 munamanye obuzigire bwa Kristu, ciru bukaba bulushire ngasi bukengêre, na ntyo muyunjule obuhirhi bwa Nnâmahanga bwoshi. 20 Kuli Oyo ogwêrhe obuhashe bw’okurhujirira ngasi kantu rhwankashenga erhi kugerêreza, ciru analushîse, Oyo obushashe bwâge bukola omu mirhima yirhu, 21 kuli Ye irenge omu Ekleziya na muli Kristu Yezu, kuhika amango goshi n’emyâka n’emyâka! Amen!
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II. Amahano g’okushwinja
Okuyumvanya n’okubêra omu cinyabuguma
1 Mmuhunyire, nie mushwêke muli Nyakasane, nti olugendo lwinyu lulingânane n’obworhere mwahamagirwemwo. 2 Mube birhohye na batûdu, munalemberane; muyumvanye omu buzigire, 3 munacisêze okulanga obuguma bwa Mûka Mutagatifu omu murhûla gw’ecinyabuguma. 4 Omubiri guli muguma na Mûka Mutatagatifu ali muguma; n’obulangalire mwahamagirwemwo nabwo buli buguma. 5 Nyakasane ali muguma Yêne, n’obuyemêre buli buguma, n’obubatizo buli buguma. 6 Nyamuzinda ali muguma, y’Ishe w’abantu boshi, ye kulire boshi, akola muli boshi, anaba muli boshi. 7 Ci kwonene ngasi muguma muli rhwe ahâbirwe eyâge ngalo nk’oku anatwîragwa n’enshôkano ya Kristu. 8 Kwo Amandiko gadesire, mpun: Arheremîre emalunga, ahêka ababohe, agabira abantu enshôkano. 9 «Arheremire», kwo kuderha kurhi? Ka kurhali kuderha oku ali arhanzir’iyandagalira omu kuzimu? 10 Oyo wayandagalaga, ye wanarheremaga, arhaluka amalunga goshi, mpu abe ishwinjiro ly’ebintu byoshi. 11 Kandi ye washobôzagya:
baguma okuba ntumwa,
abandi okuba balêbi erhi baja-bugo b’Emyanzi y’Akalembe,
n’abandi okuba balungere
erhi bayigiriza,
12 akeresa ntyo abemêzi omu mukolo gw’oburhumisi, mpu lyo ayûbaka omubiri gwa Kristu, 13 kuhika rhweshi haguma rhuhike omu cinyabuguma c’obuyemêre n’ec’okumanya Mugala wa Nnâmahanga, rhulinde rhuba muntu mwimâna, rhuhike oku lugero lukwânîneo ishwinjiro ly’omubiri gwa Kristu. 14 Ntyo !ero rhurhaciyôrhe nka bâna ba birhaba bayehûlwa eyi n’eyi na ngasi mpûsi y’enyigîrizo zarhenga omu bunywesi bw’abantu n’omu bulyâlya bwâbo bw’okurhebana. 15 Ci omu kujira eby’okuli omu buzigire, rhwayushûka omu ngasi njira, rhuyegere irhwe, ye Kristu. 16 Ye ha omubiri gwoshi okusimbana n’okusêra haguma oku burhabâle bw’enungo zoshi zigulisa n’omukolo gwa ngasi cirumbu; na ntyo kwo kushunjûka n’okuciyûbaka gwône omu buzigire.
Obuzîne buhyahya muli Kristu
17 Lero mâshi, mmubwîzire nnammugashire muli Nyakasane, nti mu rhacikag’iyôrha nka bapagani bakashimba enkengêro zâbo za busha. 18 Obukengêre bwâbo buyunjwîre mwizimya, n’obuhwinja bw’omurhima gwâbo guhûsire bwàrhumîre barhabona obuzîne bwa Nyamuzinda. 19 Bàcibêrire bacikala-nshonyi, bashimba engeso mbî y’okuhusha, bagwîra okukajira eby’enshonyi bya ngasi lubero. 20 Ci mwehe arhali ntyo kwo mwayigîrizibwe Kristu, 21 akaba mwamuyumvîrhe n’akaba mwayigîrizibwe muli ye nka kulyâla binali muli Yezu.
22 Mwayigîrizibwe oku murhegesirwe okuleka obworhere bwinyu burhanzi n’okuhogola omuntu wa mîrap, olya oja wabola omu kushimba enyifinjo mbî, 23 lyo muhinduka bahyâhya omu murhima n’omu nkengêro zinyu, 24 munacihundikire omuntu muhyâhya, olya Nyamuzinda alemaga oku nshusho yâge omu bushinganyanya n’omu butagatifu bw’okunali. 25 Lero nta kucikaz’inywerha, ci ngasi muguma akabwîra abâbo eby’okuli, bulya rhweshi rhuba ngasi muguma birumbu by’abâbo. 26 Mukunire, ci murhajiraga câha: izûba lirhazikaga n’obukunizi bucimmugwêrheq. 27 Mumanye mwankaha hishetani engwârhiro. 28 Ngasi wali cishambo agokôle; akole n’amaboko gâge erhikwo nk’oku bishingânîne, ciru ahash’irhabâla ab’obuligo. 29 Nta luderho lubî lurhengage omu kanwa kinyu; mukaderha ebiwa binja byône, birya byankaba lwingayo lwinja oku bandi amango gakwânîne, n’okulerhera ababiyumva akamalo. 30 Mumanye murhajiraga Mûka Mutatagatifu gwa Nyamuzinda burher, ye wammuhiragakwo ecimanyiso c’olusiku lw’obucunguzis. 31 Omujina, ennongwe, obukunizi, akadali, ebijaci, ebyôla byoshi birhenge ekarhî kinyu, haguma na ngasi coshi ciderhwa cibî. 32 Muciyêrekane binja erhikwo na ba lukogo baguma oku bandi, omu kubabalirana mwêne na nnene nka kulya Nnâmahanga ammubabaliraga muli Kristu.
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1 Neci, mucîsêze okushusha Nnâmahanga nka bâna bâge bazigirwa. 2 Mukayôrha muzigirîne nka kulya Kristu ammuzigiraga, acihâna yêne erhi rhwe rhurhuma mpu abe ntûlo na nterekêro y’okusimîsa Nyamuzinda. 3 Obugonyi bôhe na ngasi bindi by’enshonyi n’amagene g’eby’en’igulu, ciru amazîno gâbyo garhakag’iderhwa ekarhî kinyu: ntyo kwo kushingânîne abatagatifu. 4 Nta kuganîra eby’enshonyi, nisi erhi okuderha ebirhagwêrhi nda na mugongo, erhi okushesa abandi n’ebinwa bibî: ebyôla byoshi birhakwânîni; mukaz’ivuga Nnâmabanga omunkwa erhikwo. 5 Mumanye kwinja oku nta mugonyi, nta mûmaguza, na ntâye ohubira eby’en’igulu, -kwo kulikufukamîra ebiremwa-, ntâye muli abo boshi wanalabarhe omu Bwâmi bwa Kristu na Nnâmahanga. 6 Harhajiraga owammurheba n’ebinwa by’obunywesi: ebyo byo bihamagala obukunizi bwa Nyamuzinda oku bamugomera. 7 Mumanyage mwankashangira obubî bwâbo.
8 Mîra mwàli omu mwizimya, buna !ero mukola muli bulangashane muli Nyakasane; muyôrhe nka bâna ba bumoleke. 9 Na ngasi hiri hinja, ngasi hishingânîne, na ngasi hiri hy’okuli, yo mburho y’obulangashane. 10 Mulongereze ebisimîsize Nyakasane; 11 munamanye mwankashangîra emikolo y’omwizimya erhajira kamalo, ci muyêrekane obubî bwâyo erhikwo. 12 Bulya ebi abo bantu bajira bufundafunda, ziri nshonyi okubiderha. 13 Ci ebiyêrekanwa byoshi kubonekana bibonekana n’obwâlagale; na ngasi coshi cibonekana n’obwâlagale buba bumoleke. 14 Co cirhuma baderha, mpu: «Tulûka, weri îro, zûka omu bafù, Kristu âkumolekera». 15 Ntyo mumanye bwinja olugendo lwinyu; murhahimbaga nka bingolongolo, ci mube barhimanya; 16 Mukolêse bwinja amango muhîrwe, bulya zino nsiku ziri mbî. 17 Kuziga murhabaga bahalanjisi, ci mucisêze okumanya cici Nyakasane alonza. 18 Murhahîra mukalaluka amamvu, bulya ly’iriba ly’eby’enshonyi; ci muyunjule Mûka Mutagatifu. 19 Mukazibwîrana ennanga, ebitakîro n’enyimbo z’obunya-Mûka; mukayimba n’okukuza Nyakasane n’omurhima gwinyu gwoshi. 20 Ngasi mango n’oku ngasi kantu mukaz’ivuga Nyamuzind’Ishe omunkwa, oku izîno lya Nnawirhu Yezu Kristu.
Oku abakristu bakwânîne okuyôrha omu mwa bâbwè
21 Mukaz’ikengana mwêne na nnene erhi kurhinya Kristu kurhuma. 22 Kukwânîne abakazi bayumve bîba nk’oku bankayumva Nyakasane; 23 bulya omulume ye nnawâbo omukazi, nka kula Kristu ye nnawâbo Ekleziya, ye Muciza w’omubiri. 24 Kulya Ekleziya eyumva Kristu, kwo n’abakazi bakwânîne okuyumva bîba muli byoshi. 25 Mwe balume, muzigire bakinywi nka kula Kristu azigira Ekleziya; acihânyire yo erhumire, 26 mpu ayijire ntagatifu anayicêse omu kuyishuka n’amishi haguma n’oluderhot. 27 Bulya alonzagya Ekleziya yage ebe cirangashana, erhagwêrhi izâbyo, erhi migunye-migunye, nisi erhi bindi bya bene ebyo, ci ntagatifu na nyêru-kwêru.
28 Abalume nabo bakwânîne bazigire bakâbo nka mibiri yâbo bône. Ozigira mukâge crhi yêne ocizigire. 29 Ntaye osag’ishomba omubiri gwâge; ci kugulîsa omuntu agulîsa n’okugugenderera kwinja, nka kula Kristu ajirira Ekleziya; 30 Bulya rhuli birumbu by’omubiri gwâge. 31 Co cirhuma omuntu aleka ishe na nnina, acîshwêkerekwo mukâge, banabe oku bali babiri mubiri mugumau. 32 Liri ihwe likulu elyo: nalonza okuderha oku luli lwiganyo lwa Kristu n’Ekleziya. 33 Ntyo ngasi muguma muli mwe azigire mukâge nk’oku acîzigira yêne, n’omukazi akenge îba.
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1 Bana, mukaz’iyumva ababusi binyu muli Nyakasane: okwo kushingânîne. 2 Okaz’ikenga sho na nyoko, -ly’irhegeko lirhanzi lirimwo eciragâne-, 3 ly’obona iragi onalame myâka minji en’iguluv. 4 Ninyu, mwe babusi, murhakag’isholoshonza abâna binyu, ci omu kubalera, mubayigîrize munabahanûle muli Nyakasane.
5 Bashizi, mukaz’iyumva ba nnahamwinyu b’en’igulu, mubarhinye munabakenge n’omurhima gurhalimwo bulyâlya, nka kulya mwankajirira Kristu. 6 Murhakag’ikakolera isù nk’abalonz’isimîsa abantu, ci nka barhumisi ba Kristu bajira obulonza bwa Nnâmahanga n’omurhima gwoshi. 7 N’omurhima gwinyu gwoshi murhumikire Nyakasane, ci arhali abantu. 8 Murhahabiri oku ngasi muntu, akaba mushizi, akaba ntagengwa, ayishihâbwa na Nyakasane oluhembo lw’aminja ajizire.
9 Ninyu, mwe bashigwa, mukabajirira nk’okwo. Muleke okukabayôbohya, murhanayibagiraga oku Nnawâbo na Nnawinyu omu mpingu aba, n’oku arhajira kanâna.
Emîrasano y’omukristu
10 Cabuzinda-zinda, musimike muli Nyakasane n’omu buhashe bw’emisi yâge. 11 Muyambale emîrasano ya Nyamuzinda, lyo muhash’ihima obwengehusi bwa shetani. 12 Bulya ababisha rhulwîsa gurhali mubiri na muko, ci Mâmi, n’Amahashe, n’Amarhegesi g’eri igulu ly’omwizimya; rhulwîsa abazimu babî babêra omu cirêrew. 13 Kuziga muyambale emîrasano ya Nyamuzinda, ly’omu mango mabî muhashihagalika omushombanyi, muhimane, munayôrhe muzibuhire. 14 Muyimangire kuli gombi! Okuli bube gwo mukaba gwinyu, obushinganyanya ebe yo mpenzi yinyu, 15 n’obushibirizi bw’okulumiza Emyanzi y’Akalembe zibe zo nkwêrho zinyu. 16 Muyôrhe mufumbasire empenzi y’obuyernêre, yo mwakahazamwo emyampi-kamole y’omubîx yoshi. 17 Muyambale n’ensirha y’obucire n’engorho ya Mûka Mutagatifu, lwo Luderho lwa Nnârnahanga. 18 Muyôrhe muharâmya n’okushenga ngasi mango muli Mûka Mutagatifu; mukayîza burharhama, munasengerere abatagatifu boshi. 19 Munsengere nani, lyo mbona oku nabumbûla akanwa, nderhe nampanûle n’oburhwâli ihwe ly’Emyanzi y’Akalembe; 20 yo ndi muja-bugo wayo muno nkoba. Mâshi mbone oburhwâli bw’okuyiderha nk’oku ekwânîne!
Emyanzi ya Paolo n’omusingo
21 Nnonzize nti ninyu mumanye emyanzi yâni n’oku nyôsire; mwene wirhu muzigirwa Tikiko, muganda okwânîne okucîkubagirwa muli Nyakasane, âmmubwîra byoshi. 22 Mmurhumireye nti ammuhe emyanzi yirhu anammurhûlirize emirhima. 21 Nyamuzind’Ishe na Nyakasane Yezu Kristu bashobôze bene wirhu omurhûla, obuzigire n’obuyemêre. 24 Enshôkano ya Nnâmahanga ebe haguma na balya boshi bazigira Nnawirhu Yezu Kristu omu kalamo karhaheka!
a1.0 Abanya-Efezi; Bantu b’ Efezi, Abahubukaga e Efezi
b1.12 Rhwe: Bo bayahudi abo; bakristu b’oku bûko, b’oku ishanja ly’Abayahudi.
c1.13 Ninyu: kwo kuderha abapagani abo; bakristu b’omu mashanja, bûko burhali bwa Bayahudi.
d2.1 Ninyu: mwe bakristu mwarhenganga omu mûko garhali ga bayahudi, mpu bo bapagani.
e2.3 Nirhu: rhwe bakristu barhengaga omu mûko g’Abayahudi, mpo bakag’ilinda Masiya kurhenga mîra
f2.12 : Abapagani bagwêrhe bazimu banji, ci barhayishigi Nyamuzinda w’okuli.
g2.14 : Ago mashanja gombi: Abayahudi n’abapagani.
h2.15 : Irhegeko lya Musa lyàli cisîka ekarhî k’Abayahudi n’abandi bantu.
i2.18 : Oku rhuli babiri: Ahayahudi n’abapagani.
j3.6 : Ababatizibwe boshi, bakaba bapagani erhi Bayahudi, bali bana ba Nnâmahanga.
k3.10 : Amâmi n’Amahashe g’omu mpingu, bo bamalahika.
l3.16 : Oyo muntu muhyâhya, bwo buzîne Mûka Mutatagatifu arhuha omu bubatizo.
m3.18 : Okwo kwoshi kuli kuderha oku ihwe lya Nnâmahanga lirhajira Iugero.
o4.13 : Ekleziya lyo ishwinjiro ly’omubiri gwa Kristu, na ngasi babatizibwe byo birumbu by’ogwo mubiri. Ngasi muguma muli rhwe kukwânîne acisêze okuba mwimâna, okuba mutagatifu, lyo Ekleziya ehika oku Iugero Iukwânîne ishwinjiro ly’omubiri gwa Kristu.
p4.22 : Omuntu wa mîra y’olya wali omu buja bw’ebyâha, n’omuhyâhya y’olya waburhagwa omu mîshi g’obubatizo.
r4.30 : Ngasi câha cijira Mûka Mutagatifu burhe, bwenêne ebyâha bisherêza ecinyabuguma c’Ekleziya.
s4.30 olusiku ly’obucunguzi: Aha kuyûrha kw’igulu lyo rhwacunguka lwoshi, olusiku rhwarhengamwo olu Iubanda lw’emirenge.
t5.26 Amîshi n’enderho z’obubatizo, ebyo badesire.
w6.12 : Ababisha birhu barhali b’en’igulu, ci Shetani yênênê.


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Amasoboza (Energy)
Okusinziira ku Charles Muwanga , "amasoboza"(energy)ge maanyi agasoboza ebisoboka agasoboza ebikolebwa, mu mibiri gyaffe, mu makolero, mu njuba na buli ekikolebwa. Awatali masoboza , tewali kisoboka!!
Amasoboza bwe busobozi okukola omulimu .Amasoboza kiva mu kugattika(blending) bigambo by’oluganda “amaanyi agasobozesa”. Amasoboza gajjira mu mbeera za njawulo :
• Amooki =Amasoboza ag’obwoki (heat/thermal energy)
• Amatangaazo =amasoboza ag’ekitangaala Light )
• Amaviiso =amasoboza ag’okuva ( Motion /kinetic)
• Amasannyalazo =Amasoboza ag’amasannyalaze (Electrical
• Amakyusabuziba =Amasoboza agakyusa obuziba (Chemical energy)
• Amakyusabuziizi =Amasoboza agakyusa obuziizi( Nuclear energy )
• Amessikirizo =Amasoboza ag'ensikirizo ennene (Gravitational)
• Amasikirizo =Amasoboza ag’ensikirizo =(attraction energy).
Abantu betaaga amasoboza okukola ebintu eby’enjawulo ebyetaagisa okwetusaako bye baagala mu bulamu .Ennyanguyirizi nga ebitondekamaanyi eby’ebidduka nazo zeetaaga amasoboza okukola emirimi gyazo.
Amasoboza ga bika bibiri :
• Amasoboza amatereke( Stored /potential energy )
• Amasoboza agakola(working energy). Gano gaba masoboza ag’okuva (kinetic energy0.
Emmere omuntu gy’alya ebaamu amakyusabuziba(chemical energy) .O ubiri gw’omuntu gutereka amasoboza gano okusobozesa omuntu okuba n’amaanyi agakola emirimu , okutambula oba okuzannya.
Amasoboza ge gaviirako obusobozi okukola (ability to do work) .Muwanga agamba nti Oluganda lubadde lukozesa ekigambo kimu "maanyi"okuvvuunula force , energy, ne power. Kino kibadde kiremesa omwogezi w'oluganda okuba n'endowooza ey'amasoboza(energy) , empalirizo(force), n'amaanyi(power)nga emiramwa egirimu amakulu ag'enjawulo mu syansi w'ebyobuzimbe(Physics).
Ku mulundi guno tuyinza okwogera ku :
(i)Amasoboza ag'emmere (food energy.Anti gava mu kulya!Ge gasobozesa omubiri okukola buli gye gukola.
(ii) Amasoboza ag'ekitangaala(Light energy) ge gasobozesa okulaba.
(iii) Amasoboza aga nabbugumya(thermal energy). Gano ge masoboza era agayitibwa amasoboza ag'okwokya oba ag'ebbugumu (hrat energy) agareetera ebintu okwokya era ge gajjiisa emmere.
Waliwo "amasoboza ag'okuva"(kinetic energy) nga gano ge "masoboza agakola"(working energy) n'amasoboza amatereke(potential or stored energy). Amasoboza amatereke era ge "masoboza ameebafu".
Amasoboza (Energy)
Enziring’ana y’emiramwa gy’amasoboza (tentative)
I. Amasoboza
II. Ebika by’amasoboza
III. Ensibuko z’amasoboza
IV. Embeera z’amasoboza
I. Akakwate wakati w’Amasoboza n’Obulamu ku Nsi Ebyetaago by’obulamu ebisookerwako
Buli kiramu ku Nsi kirina ebyetaago ebisookerwako okukisobozesa okuba ekiramu. Ebyetaago by’ekiramu ebisookerwako ebitaano bye bino:
(i) Ekitangaala ky’enjuba(Sunlight) (ii) Empewo(Air) (iii) Amazzi (water) (iv) Ebbugumu (v) Emmere
Ebyetaago by’obulamu ebirala nja kubirambulula mu kitabo ekirala eky’Essomabiramu (Biology). Mu kitabo kino ka njogere ku mugaso gw’ekitangaala ky’enjuba eri obulamu kubanga enjuba ye nakazaala w’amasoboa gonna ku Nsi.
Mu butuufu ,ekitangaala ky’enjuba kyekisinga okuba eky’omugaso eri ebiramu kubanga y’ensibuko y’amasoboza ageetaaagisa ebimera n’ensolo. Ensolo zirya ebimera okufuna amasoboza gebyetaaga okukula, okuzaala , okutambula, n’okukola. Olowooza ki ekibaawo singa omuntu amala ennaku eziwera nga talidde mmere ?
Enjuba y’ensibuko y’amasoboza, ebbugumu n’ekitangaala. Ebimera byetaaga ekitangaala okukola emmere yabyo eyitibwa ebisukaali (sugars) okusobozesa ekitangattisa(photosynthesis).
Ebimera bitereka emmere, ebisukaali , mu bikoola byabyo olwo ensolo ne zirya ebimera bin one bifuna amasoboza agasobozeza emibiri gyabyo okukola emirimu gyagyo egy’enjawulo. Ebimuli by’ebimera bigwa ku ttaka bbakitiriya mu ttaka ne bibivunza okubifuula nakvundira nga biyambibwako obubisiwavu n’ebbugumu okuva kun juba .
Ekitangaala ky’omusana kyetaagisa ensolo zonna yadde nga mu bigero eby’enjawulo ne mu ngeri ez’enjawulo .Eky’okulabirako luyonsa nnyingi ne lugirigimba ng’emisota , enfudu , n’amakonkome biota omusona emisana okusobola okufuna ebbugumu eryetaagisa okubisobozesa okukola ebintu eby’enjawulo.
Obuwundo n’ebinyira nsolo ezetaaya ekiro kyokka zibuna amasoboza g’enjuba okuyita mu kulya ebiramu ebirala ebiba bifunye amasoboza okuva ku njuba .Ensolo ezibeera ku ntobo za semayanja nazo zirya ebiramu ebifu ebikka wansi okuva waggulu nga bifunnde .Ebisigalira by’ebiramu ebyo bibaamu amasoboza ge byafuna okuva ku njuba.
Amasoboza ebiramu ge bifuna okuva ku njuba ge gaviirako okumulisa n’okumeruka kw’obuwakiso (pollination) era kye kisobozesa n’ebisolo okuva mu kifo ekimu okudda mu kirala awali ebyetaago byakyo.
Ebimera bitereka emmere yabyo(ebisukaali) mu bikoola byabyo ate amasoboza agali mum mere y’ebimera ne gatuuka mu nsolo ezirya ebimera bino .Ebikoola bwe bikunkumuka ne bivundira mu ttaka .
Buli kiramu kyetaaga emmere okukula obulungi. Emmere gye tulya ebaamu ebiriisa(nutrients) emibiri gyaffe gye byetaaga okuzzaawo obutaffaali obukaddiye
Ebiramu bwe bifa ne bivundira mu ttaka, ebiriisa ebibibaamu bimerengukira mu ttaka ate emirandira gy’ebimera me When living things die and rot in the ground, the nutrients in them end up in the soil and get dissolved in it. As a result, plants roots are able to absorb nutrients such as salts, potassium, minerals, starch, phosphates and nitric acids from soils too.
Amasoboza ky’ekimu ku bywewuunyo eby’obutonde ebiri mu bwengula ebyomugaso enyo. Buli mulimu ogukolebwa oba ka tugambe nti buli kintu ekikolebwa mu bwengula kisoboka lwa “masoboza”. Lwaki? Amasoboza (Energy) ge maanyi agasobozesa okukola (work) .Amasoboza kiva mu kugattika (blending) ebigambo by’oluganda “amaanyi agasobozesa” okukola omulimu. Amasoboza kye ki ? Tunuulira embeera ekwetoolodde olaba oba waliwo okuva okw’engeri yonna . ggwe okusobola okulaba , okuwulira , oba okusenserwa ekintu kyonna kiva mu kuba nti waliwo ekireetera buli kintu okuba nga bw’okisegeera , amaanyi agatalabika agakola ekyo , amaanyi agatalabika agaviirako enkyukakyuka. Buli ky’olaba wano ekigenda mu maawo kiva ku masoboza, amaanyi agakisobozesa okukola ekyo kye kikola.
Amasoboza ge gasobozesa ensolo okutambula era ge gasobozesa n’emotoka okutambula ku nguudo oba ebibuuka okutambula mu bwengula .Amasoboza ge gasobozesa TV okulaga ebifaananayi ku ntimbe ne Leediyo okufulumya amaloboozi , okubugumya n’okwasisa ennyumba zaffe ekiro . Amasoboza getaagibwa mu mibiri gy’ebiramu , ebimera n’ensolo okukula n’okuva mu kifo ekiomu okudda mu kirala.
Bannasayansi basonjola amasoboza nga obusobozi okukola .Tegasobola kutondekebwawo yadde okusanyizibwawo. Buli ekituukiddwako mu nsi eya sayansi kivudde ku busobozi bwa muntu okukyusa amasoboza okuva mu mbeera emu okugazza mu mbeera endala okusobola okugeyambisa okukola ebintu eby’enjawulo.
Ebisookerwako ku Masoboza Amasoboza (Energy ) kye kintu ekisobozesa okukyuka okwa buli kika, Amasoboza ge gasobozesa omugendo gw’ebidduka nga eggaalo , pikipiki, emotoka, amaato, emmeeri, ennyonyi , na buli ekitambula ,ebiramu n’ebitali bilamu okuva mu kifo . Amasoboza ge gatambuza ebidduka ku nguude , amaato n’emeeri ku mazzi , ebibuuka mu bwengula .Amasoboza ge gasoboze emmere okuggya , ekitangaala okututuukako era amasoboza agakwasa omuzira ge gaguleetera okusanuuka . Bannasayansi basonjola amasoboza nga obusobozi okukola omulimu .Amasoboza kiva mu bigambo by’oluganda “amaanyi agasobozesa”. Amasoboza gajjira mu mbeera za njawulo: • Amooki =Amasoboza ag’obwoki(heat/thermal energy)
• Amaviiso =amasoboza ag’okuva( Motion /kinetic) • Amasannyalazo =Amasoboza ag’amasannyalaze (Electrical • Amaabuluzabuziba = Chemical energy) • Amaabuluzabuziizi = Nuclear energy ) • Amasoboza ag’essikirzo = Gravitational) • Amasoboza ag’ensikirizo = attractive energy). Abantu betaaga amasoboza okukola ebintu eby’enjawulo ebyetaagisa okwetusaako bye baagala mu bulamu .Ennyanguyirizi nga ebitondekamaanyi eby’ebidduka nazo zeetaaga amasoboza okukola emirimi gyazo.
Emigaso gy’amasoboza mu kakyo kano
Oluganda lubadde lukozesa ekigambo kimu , amaanyi, okutegeeza amsoboza oba empalirizo. Kati nno nneebaza Katonda oyo namugereka ataremererwa ansobozesezza ku mulembe guno Omutebi okwawula emiramwa gino okuva ku mulamwa gw’amaanyi(Power).
Mu butuufu Olulimi okutandika okufuuka olwa sayansi kirwetaagisa okwawula emiramwa gino esatu .Ki kulu okutegeera nti buli ekigenda mu maaso mu bulamu ne mu butondewaliwo amaanyi ag’enjawulo agakisobozesa okugenda mu maaso. Amaanyi agasobozesa gano ge gayitibwa “amasoboza”(energy).
Emiganso gy’amasoboza ntoko. Abantu bakozesa amasoboza mu bye’entambula, okufumba, okubugumya enju , okunnyogoza eby’okunywa, mu makolero n’ebitondekero, okumulisa ekiro, ebyamasanyu , okunokoolayo ebimu.
Ate era amasoboza ag’ekitangaala ky’enjuba ge gayamba ebirime okukola emmere yabyo n’okukula mu kiyitibwa ekitangattisa (photosynthesis).
Emigaso gy’amasoboza agasobozesa buli kintu ekigenda mu maaso mu butonde awamu ne mu sayansi ne tekinologiya gyeyolekera :
(i) Awaka waffe: • Okufumba tukozesa amasoboza ag’ebbugumu oba okwokya • Okulaba tweyambisa amasoboza ag’ekitangaala • Okukozesa ennyanguyirizi nga kompyuta ,emotokola, leediyo, ne endagabifaananyi twetaaga amasoboza ag’ebbugumu , amasannyalaze , n’ekitangaala (ii) Mu makolero oba ebitondekero nga gano wansi kyetaagisa amasoboza ag’amasannyalaze : • Ebitondekero ebikola ku byuma(metal industry) • Ebitondekero eby’enkyusabuziba(Chemical industries) • Ebitondekero ebirongoosereza ebirime (agriculturalproducts processing industries) • Ebitondekero eby’empapula , • Ebitondekero eby’engoye
Mu butuufu bannamakolero bayinza okweyambisa ensibuko z’amasoboza ez’enjawulo okutondekawo amasannyalaze, amaanyi, n’ebbugumu. Mu nsibuko zino mulimu: • Ebyanda (Coal). • Amati(wood) • Enfuumo y’amazzi(Steam) • Ebisigalira by’ebirime(agricultural waste) • Ebisigalira ebya buli kika (residues)
II. Ebika by’amasoboza Amasoboza ga bika bibiri: • Amasoboza amatereke( Stored /potential energy ) • Amasoboza agakola (working energy). Gano gaba masoboza ag’okuva (kinetic energy).
Ebiti by’Amasoboza Amasoboza Amatereke Gano masoboza amebafu n’amasoboza ag’obusangiro Amasoboza ak’Okuva Amasoboza agali mu kuva ge masoboza agakola.Amasoboza agakola gabaamu okuva kw’amayengo, obusannyalazo, obuziba(atomu), molekyo, n’ebintu eby’enjawulo. Buli kiti ky’amasoboza kirimu ebika eby’enjawulo ebiyitibwa embeera(Forms) 1 Amasoboza ag’enkyusabuziba (Chemical enerby) Amasoboza ag’enkyusabuziba ge masoboza amatereke mu nkwaso z’obuziizi oba ziyite enkwaso za atomu ne molekyo. Amasoboza ag’Oluyengo=Olubugmu olw’amayengo(radiant energy) . Gano gaba masoboza gwa mugendo gw’amasannyalaze ne magineeti agava mu njuba nga gayita mu mayengo agegonyola (transeverse waves).Amasoboza ag’Oluyengo galimu ekitangaala ekirabika, emigendo egya-x,emigendo gya-ggama, n’amayengo ga lediyo. Amasoboza ag’enjuba kyakulabirako kya masoboza ag’oluyengo. 2 Amasoboza ag’obuziizi (Nuclear Energy) Gano ge masoboza amatereke mu buziizi bwa atomu, ntegeeza mu nnyukiriyasi y’akaziba.Amasoboza ag’obuziizi ge masoboza agakuumira awamu obuziizi bw’akaziba(bwa atomu). Obuziizi bwa atomu ya Yulaniyaamu kyakulabirako kya masoboza g’obuziizi. Amasoboza aga nabbugumya(Thernal energy) Amasoboza aga nabbugumya era ge masoboza ag’okwokya oba amasoboza ag’ebbugumu(heat energy).Gava ku kujugumira(ibration) n’okutambula kw’obuziba(atomu) ne molekyo mu bintu.Amasoboza agannabbugumyamagombe(geothermal energy) kya kulabirako kya masoboza ga nabbugumya. 3 Amasoboza ag’ekitambuzo amatereke(Stored Mechanical energy)
Gano ge masoboza amatereke mu bintu nga tubiteekako empalirizo. Seppulingi ezikkatiddwa ne labba bbandi oba butida ezireeguddwa byakulabirako bya musoboza ga kitambuzo amatereke. Amasoboza ag’okuva(Motion energy). Okutambula kw’ebintu ky’ekiyitibwa okuva. Amasoboza amatereke ag’essikrizo (Gravitational potential energy) Amasoboza ag’essikirizo ge masoboza ag’ekifo oba obusangiro obuli waggulu.Eky’okulabirako ge mazzi agali mu ttanka eziwanikiddwa ku kasozi akawanvu.Amazzi bwe gasumululwa okukka mu maka agali wansi w’olusozi gafuuka masoboza ag’okuva oba amasoboza agakola. Amasoboza ag’amasannyalaze (Electrical energy) Amasoboza ag’amasannyalaze gaba masoboza agali mu kuva oba amasoboza agakola kubanga gabaamu omugendo gw’obusannyalazo.Ekimyansuko n’amasannyalaze bya kulabirako by’amasoboza ag’amasannyalaze kuba gombi gabaamu omugendo gw’obusannyalazo. Amasoboza ag’Ebivuga(Sound energy) Okuvuga gwe mugendo gw’amasoboza okuyita mu bintu mu mbeera ey’amayengo.
Emmere omuntu gy’alya ebaamu amakyusabuziba (chemical energy) .Omubiri gw’omuntu gutereka amasoboza gano okusobozesa omuntu okuba n’obusobozi okukola emirimu , okutambula oba okuzannya.
(i)Amasoboza Amatereke (Stored/Potential energy)
Amasoboza amatereke amakyusabuziba (chemical energy) gaba masoboza amatereke amakyusabuziba .Kino kika kya masoboza matereke agekuusiza ku kwabuluza oba oba okutondeka kw’enkwaso ez’obuziba (chemical bonds).
Amasoboza amakyusabuziba gaterekebwa mu mmere, amafuta ne bbaatule era gafulumizibwa mu mbeera z’amasoboza endala wakati mu nkyukakyuka ez’obuziba bwa atomu. Mu amasoboza amatereke (potentai energy) mulimu:
(a) Amasoboza amatereke mu mmere n’ebyokunywa
(b) Amasoboza amatereke mu bbaatule oba mu manda
(c) Amasoboza amatereke mu mazzi. Ekyokulabirako: amazzi amateefu oba ago agatali ga biyiriro.
(d) Amasoboza amatereke mu mibiri gyaffe nga tuli mu kifo kimu ate nga tetulina kye tukola.
Emmere gy’alidde eba masoboza matereke singa omuntu talina ky’akozesa mubiri gwe nga okukola emirimu oba okutambulako.
(e) Amasoboza amatereke ag’ekitambuzo (Potential mechanical energy). Gano ge masoboza agasangibwa mu bintu ebireguuka nga seppulingi oba butida oba labbabbandi . (f) Omuteeko gw’ebiramu (Biomass) y’entuumo y’ebiramu ( organic material) eva mu bimera n’ebirime era omuteeko gw’ebiramu nsibuko y’amasoboza ezzibwa obujja . Omuteeko gw’ebiramu oba entuumo y’ebiramu(Biomass) ebaamu amasoboza amatereke (stored energy) okuva ku njuba.Ebimera biyingiza amasoboza g’enjuba okuyita mu kiyitibwa ekitangattisa(photosynthesis). Amasoboza amatereke mu mafuta, enku, amanda oba ekibiriiti ekikoleeza omuliro nago gali mu kiti kino. Entuumo y’ebiramu bw’eyokebwa, amasoboza amakyusabuziba (chemical energy) agasangibwa mu ntuumo y’ebiramu gafulumizibwa nga ebbugumu oba okwokya. Omuteeko gw’ebiramu guyinza okwokyebwa butereevu oba ne guteekebwa mu mbeera ey’amafuta g’ebiramu agekikulukusi (liquid biofuels) ne ggasi w’ebiramu ebyokyebwa ng’ebyaffuta (fuels). Ebyokulabirako by’entuumo z’ebiramu n’emigaso gyazo egy’amasoboza girimu: • Amati n’ebisigalira by’amati(wood )—Bino byokyebwa okubugumya ebizimbe , okutondekawo ebbugumu erikozesebwa mu bitondekero n’okutondeka amasannyalaze ( to generate electricity) • Ebirime by’ebyamalimiro ne kazambi w’entuumo y’ebiramu ebyokyebwa ng’ebyaffuta ( fuel) oba okufuulibwa ebyaffuta eby’ekikulukusi(biofuels) • Kasasiro—ayokyebwa okutondeka amasannyalaze mu bipango by’amasannyalaze oba okufuulibwa ggaasi w’ebiramu okuva mu ttaka. • Kazambi w’ensolo—Bino bifuulibwa ggasi w’ebiramu (biogas) ayinza okwokyebwa ng’entuumo y’ebyaffuta. Okuteeka entuumo y’ebiramu mu mbeera z’Amasoboza endala Entuumo y’ebiramu eyinza okufuulibwa embeera z’amasoboza endala nga ggaasi ya metani oba mafuta g’ebidduka nga etani (ethanol) ne dizero ow’ebiramu (bio diesel).
(f) Amasoboza amatereke mu bizito ebiwanikiddwa waggulu.
(i). Amasoboza g’obuziba (atomic energy). Gano era gayitibwa matereke ga atomu.
(j) Amasoboza ag’obuziizi (Nuclear energy).Gano era gayitibwa matereke aga nnyukiriya. (k). Amasoboza ag’ekikyusabuziizi .Gamo g’amasoboza ak’ekika ekya kemiko nga aga bbatule n’emmere . Amasoboza ag’obuziba era ge masoboza aga atomu ate amasoboza ag’obuziizi ge masoboza aga nnyukiriya.
Amasoboza aga atomu (atomic energy) n’amasoboza aga nnyukiriyaasi (nuclear energy) ge masoboza agafulumizibwa mu “bitomeggero by’obuziizi” oba biyite “ebitomeggero bya nnyukiriya” (nuclear reactors).
Nampa (neutron) bw’eyabuluza mu buziizi (nnyukiriyaasi) bw’obuziba (atomu) obutinniinya, kino kiyitibwa ekyabuluzabuziizi (nuclear fisson). Singa obuziizi bubiri (nnyukiriyaasi bbiri) zegattisibwa wamu ku bwoki obwa digiri bukadde na bukadde, kino kiyitibwa ekyegattisobuziizi (nuclear fusion) oba ekyegattiso kya nnyukiriyaasi.
(ii)Amasoboza agakola (working energy) =Amasoboza agali mu kuva (kinetic energy)
Gano era gayitibwa masoboza agali mu kuva (kinetic energy). Amasoboza agali mu kuva (kinetic energy) oba amasoboza agakola galimu amasoboza ag’enjuba , ag’amasannyalaze, aga nabbugumya (thermal energy) oba ag’ebbugumu (heat energy), agetaagisa okwasisa amataala, okufumba emmere .
Ensibuko y’amasoboza gonna eri mu masoboza ag’ekitangaala ky’enjuba (Solar light Energy) .
Gano era oyinza okugayita amaanyi ag’enjuba. Mu “lubugumu lw’enjuba” (solar radiation) mulimu ebbugumu eriri emabega wa langi emmyufu (infrared heat), amayengo ga Lediyo (radio waves), emigendo gya ggama (Gamma rays), amayengo amatiniwavu (micro waves), n’ekitangaala ekya U-vi (ultraviolet).
n’ebimera byetaaga amasoboza g’enjuba (solar energy) okukola emmere yabyo
(a) Amasoboza ag’ekitangaala n’Amasoboza ag’ebbugumu(Light and heat energy)
Mu kufumba emmere kyetaagisa amasoboza ag’ebbugumu nga wano wansi:
Oyinza okweyambisa amasoboza ag’engeri ez’enjawulo okukola omulimu gwonna. Oyinza okutega amasoboza amatereke n’ago agali mu kuva ag’ebiyiriro by’amazzi agategwa mu mazzi agakulukulukuta okuva waggulu ne gagwa wansi okuyita mu buwanvu obugere.
(a) Amasoboza ag’ebidduka (vehicular energy)
(b) Amasoboza ag’ensolo eziri mu kutambula (mu kuva)
(c) Amasoboza ag’ebigwa. Singa omuyembe guva ku muti nga gugwa wansi ku ttaka, gubaamu amasoboza ag’okuva. Kyokka nga gukyali waggulu ku muti, gubaamu masoboza matereke. Amasoboza ag’ebikulukuta ng’amabibiro g’amazzi agakola amasannyalaze. Muno mulimu amasoboza ng’ ebiyiriro by’amazzi nga ebiyiriro bya ssezibwa oba amabiriro ga Kiira oba Nalubaale. Amasoboza ag’amasannyalaze gava mu kutondekawo n’okukozesa amaanyi g’amasannyalaze okumala ekiseera mu ssaawa eza kirowaati, megawaati oba gigawaati.
(d) Amasoboza ag’ekitambuzo (Mechanical Energy) Amasoboza ag’ekitambuzo (mechanical energy) g’amasoboza agatambuza ebitundu by’ennyanguyirizi (machine). Amasoboza ag’ekitambuza era gekuusiza ku kutambula okubeerawo mu mibiri gy’ensolo ng’omuntu.
III.Ensibuko z’amasoboza (Sources of Energy) Ensibuko zino zombi ziyinza okukyusibwa okufuuka ensibuko ez’omutendera ogw’okubiri ng’amasannyalaze .Ensibuko z’amasoboza zirimu: Ensibuko z’amasoboza ez’omutendera ogusooka (Primary energy sources) Ensibuko z’amasoboza ez’omutendera ogwokubiri (Secondary energy Sources) Ensibuko z’amasoboza ezizzibwawo(Renewable energy sources) Ensibuko z’amasoboza ezitazzibwawo(Non-renewable energy sources) Amasannyalaze agava mu mazzi (Hydropower) Amasannyalaze Entuumo y’ebiramu(Biomass) Gasoliini Etano(ethernal) Amafuta aga Dizero Dizero w’ebiramu(Biodiesel) Ggaasi ow’obutonde Empewo(wind) Woyiro ne Petuloliyaamu (i)Ensibuko z’amasoboza ez’omutendera ogusooka Ensibuko ez’omutendera ogusooka zeezo ezivaamu ensibuko z’amasoboza ez’omutendera ogw’okubiri ng’amasannyalaze ne ayidologyeni. Tukozesa ensibuko z’amasoboza (energy sources) za njawulo okukola emirimu oba okutondekawo ebintu eby’enjawulo .Ensibuko z’amasoboza ez’omutendera ogusooka z’ezo eziyitibwa ensibuko z’amasoboza ez’obutonde (Natural sources).Ensibuko z’amasoboza era zirimu: (a) Ensubuko ezizzibwa obujja (renewable) (b) Ensibuko ezitazzibwa bujja( nonrenewable)
Ensibuko z’amasoboza era zibaamu ezo ezisobola okuzzibwawo n’ezitazzibwawo. Bw’oba okozesa amasannyalaze mu maka go , okusinziira mu ggwanga ki mw’oli , amaanyi g’amasannyalaze ago gaba gufulumuzibwa okuyita mu bipango by’amazzi , okwokya ebyanda, ekyabuluzo ky’obuziizi , okunokoolayo ensibuko entono. N’olwekyo ebye bye njogeddeko waggulu ziyitibwa nsibuko za masoboza(energy sources).Tanka ya ggaasi ebaamu ggaasi eyinza okuba ng’esibuse mu petulooliyaamu omulongose okuva mu bifuta(crude oil) oba etano(ethanol) ava mu kulimu n’okulongoosereza empeke za kasooli(corn).
Ensibuko z’amasoboza ezizzibwawo(Renewable) Amasoboza g’enjuba ( Solar energy) agasobola okufuulibwa amasanyalaze ,ekitangaala , n’ebbugumu . Wansi olaba ekipango ekigazi nga kitunudde butereevu mu njuba okusobola okuyiniza amasoboza g’enjuba olwo gasobole okufuulibwa butereevu amasannyalaze agayinza okuwa amaanyi agakola ebintu ebikozesebwa bingi ddala.
• Entuumo y’ebiramu (Biomass).Muno tujjamu amasannyalazi , okufumbisa,n’ebyentambula . Amasoboza agava mu bisigalira by’ebimera nga enku , ebisigalira by’emiti, gampeke(ethane) okuva mu mpeke za kasooli, ne gampeke , amafuta ag’ekikulukusi (biodiesel)okuva mu woyiro w’ensigo z’enva endiirwa ( vegetable oil). • Amaanyi g’amazzi(hydropower). Amaanyi g’amazzi (Hydropower) okuva ku mawujjo g’amazzi gavaamu amasannyalaze agakozesebwa mu makolero , awaka , ne mu bitongole eby’enjawulo . • Nabbugumya okuva mu magombe g’ensi(Geothermal) • Empewo oba Embuyaga(wind) naye evaamu amasannyalaze Masanyalaze • Enjuba (The Sun) . Eno etuwa amasannyalaze, ekitangaala, n’ebbugumu. Ensibuko z’amasoboza ezitazzibwawo (Non-renewable energy) Abantu bafuna amasoboza agasinga obungi okuva mu nsibuko z’amasoboza ezitazzzibwa wo(nonrenewable energy sources), omuli • Amasoboza aga nakavundira w’ebiramu muvaamu woyiro oba Petulooliyamu. Gano gakozesebwa mu by’entambula n’entondeka y’ebyamaguzi • Gaasi ow’obutonde. Okufumba,masannyalaze , eby’entambula • Ebyanda(Coal). Ntondeka ya bwa maguzi n’amasannyalaze • Yulaniyaamu. Masannyalaze Bwe wetegereza obulungi ensibuko z’amasoboza g’ensi nnyingi tezizzibwawo kubanga obungi bwazo buliko ekkomo .Eky’okulabirako ge mafuta aga nakavundira(fossil fuels) aga petuloliyamu agatondekebwawno emyaka bukadde egiyise okuva mu bisigalira by’ebisolo n’ebimera by’ mu mayanja ebyafa edda .
Muno mulimu ebyanda(Coal) ,ggaasi ow’obutonde, petuloloyaamu, ne yulaniyaamu.Ensibuko z’amasoboza zino zikozeseba okukola amasannyalaze , okwasisa amaka gaffe, okutambuza ebidduka, n’okutondeka ebikole. Ensibuko z’amasoboza zino ziyitibwa mafuta aga nakavundira w’ebyali ebiramu (fossil fuels ) kubanga gatondekebwawo oluvannyuma lw’emyaka bukadde okuyita mu bbugumu erisibuka mu buziba bw’ensi awamu n’akanyigirizi okuva mu njazi n’ettaka ku bisigalira by’ebimera ebyafa n’ebitonde nga daatamu ez’obusirikitu . Eky’okulabirako ekirala eky’ensibuko y’amasoboza agataddizibwawo y’endagabuzimbe(elementi) eya yulaniyaamu eno nga atomu zaayo zisobola okwabulukuka okuyita mu kiyitibwa ekyabuluzabuziizi (nuclear fission) okutondekawo obwoki (ebbugumu) n’amasannyalaze . Abantu bakozesa ensibuko z’amasoboza agazzibwawo n’ago agatazzibwa wo okufulumya amasannyalaze agetaagisa mu maka, amakolereo, amatendekero, n’amaduuka oba ebifo ebya bbizinensi eby’enjawulo. Amasoboza ag’amasannyalaze gasobozesa ebyuma bikalimagezi, amataala mu bbalibbu, ennyinyogoza ,n’ennyanguyirizi endala ez’enjawulo. Amafuta agasinga agakozesebwa ennyanguyirizi nga ebidduka gava mu bifuta (crude oil) n’ebikuukusi ebirala ebya ayidolokaboni (hydrocarbon liquids) ebitali nsibuko zizzibwa bujja. Ebifuta (Crude oil) Ebifuta (Crude oil) mugattiko gwa ayidolokaboni ezatondekebwa okuva mu bimera n’ensolo ebyaliwo emyaka bukadde na bukadde . Ebifuta mafuta ga nakavundira (fossil fuels) era bibeerawo nga ebikulukusi mu magombe g’ensi eyo mu miwaatwa gy’enjazi ez’omugalamiro(sedimentary rocks) n’okumpi ne safeesi mu nsenyu enkalu . Amafuta aga petulooliyamu gaba mafuta agajjibwa mu bifuta ne ayidolokaboni endala eziri mu ggaasi ez’obutonde(natural gas). Ebitondekebwa okuva mu petuloloyaamu( Petroleum products) era biyinza okukolebwa okuva mu byanda(coal) , ggasi ow’obutonde , n’entuumo z’ebiramu . Yulaniyaamu Enjuba okutwalira awamu bwaguuga bwa senkulungo eya ggaasi ayidologyeni eri mu mbeera eya ekyegattisabuziba(fuson) n’okufulumya amasoboza amayitirivu ennyo .
Mu bipango by’obuziizi bannasayansi baabuluza akaziizi ka yulaniyaamu (uranium atom) mu kiyitibwa ekyabuluzabuziba(fission) , ekintu ekiviirako okufulumya amasoboza amayitirivu. Jjukira nti amasoboza ag’obuziizi(Nuclear energy) gaba masoboza okuva mu buziizi(core,nucleus ) bw’akaziba(atomu) Obuziba(atoms) bwe butaffaali obutini mu molekyu obuzimba ggaasi, ebikulukusi, n’enkalubo . Obuziba bbwo nabwo buzimbibwa obutoffaali busatu obuyitibwa obukonta, nampa , n’obusannyalazo . Akaziba kalina obuziizi (nucleus /core) obwetooloddwa obusannyalazo. Obukontanyo buba n’ekisannyalazo ky’amasannyalaze (electrical charge) ekya pozitiivu ate obusannyalazo buba n’ekisannyalzo eky’amasannyalaze ekya negatiivu.Nampa tezirina kisannyalazo ky’amasannyalaze . Waliwo amasoboza mayitirivu mu nkwaso ezikuumira awamu obuziizi (nuclues).Amasoboza g’obuziizi (nuclear energy) gano gayinza okufulumizibwa singa enkwaso ezo ziba zikutuddwa. Enkwaso (bonds) ziyinz okukutulibwa okuyita mu kyabuluzo ky’obuziizi (nuclear fission) era amasoboza gano gayinza okweyambisibwa okutondekawo amasannyalaze. Mu kyabuluzo ky’obuziizi (in nuclear fission obuziba (atomu) zabuluzibwa, ekintu ekiviirako amasoboza okufulumizibwa.Ebipango by’obuziizi byonna bikozesa bikozesa ekyabuluzabuziizi (nuclear fission) era ebipango by’obuziizi ebisinga byeyambisa buziba bwa yulaniyamu (uranium atoms). Mu kyabuluzabuziizi (nuclear fission), nampawengwa (nampa) etomera akaziba ka yulaniyaamu n’egyabuluzaamu, ekiviirako okufulumya amasoboza amangi mu mbeera ey’okwokya n’oluyengo .
Nampa endala zifulumizibwa buli kaziba ka yulaniyaamu lwe kaabulukuka. Nampa zino zeyongerayo okutomera obuziba bwa yuraniyamu obulala era kino ne kyeyongerayo bwe kityo emirundi n’emirundi. Kino ky’ekiyitibwa olugyegere lw’ekyukyusanya olw’obuziizi (nuclear chain reaction). Ekikyusanya kino(this reaction ) kikugirwa mu bitomeggero by’ekipango ky’amaanyi g ‘obuziizi ( nuclear power plant reactors) okutondekawo ebbugumu eriba ryetaagibwa .
Amasoboza g’obuziizi (nuclear energy) era gayinza okufulumizibwa mu kyegattisabuziizi (nuclear fusion) obuziba mwe bwegattira oba okwekwata awamu (fuse together) okutondekawo akaziba akanene okusingawo .Eno y’ensibuko y’amasoboza mu njuba n’emmunyenye. Ekyegattisabuziizi(nuclear fusion) mulamwa gwakunoonyereza okugenda mu maaso ng’ensibuko y’amasoboza ag’ebbugumu n’ekitondeko ky’amasannyalaze(electricity generation), naye tekinnaba kukakasibwa oba nga tekinologiya ono anaaba w’amagoba olw’obuzibu obw’okukufuga ekikyusanyakyobuziizi (controlling fusion reaction). Amafuta ag’Obuziizi (Nuclear fuel) Yuraniyamu g’amafuta agasinga okukozesebwa mu bipango by’obuziizi (nuclear plants) okwabuluza obuziizi( for nuclear fission). Yulaniyamu (Uranium) kitwaribwa okuba ensibuko y’amasoboza agatazzibwa bujja (nonrenewable energy source), yadde nga kyuma kya bulijjo ekisangibwa mu byazi mu bitundu eby’enjawulo ku Nsi. Ebipango by’amasoboza ag’obuziizi(nuclear power plants) kyokka gakozesa ng’amafuta ekika kya yuraniyaamu ekiyitibwa U-235 kubanga obuziba bwa yuraniyamu ow’ekika kino bwablukuka mangu . Yadde nga yuraniyaamu asangibwa ku nsi okusinga siriva , ekika kya U-235 tekisangikasangika. Ensibuko z’amasoboza ezizzibwa obujja n’ezitazzibwa bujja zisobola okweyambisibwa okufulumya ensibuko z’amasoboza ez’outendera ogw’okubiri ng’amasannyalaze .
Ensibuko z’amasoboza ez’Obutonde (Natural sources of energy) Ensibuko z’amasoboza era tuyinza okuzinnyonnyola nga ez’obutonde n’ezo ezitondekebwawo omuntu :
(i)Ensibuko z’amasoboza az’obutonde
• Ekitangaala ky’enjuba(sunlight) • Empewo(wind) • Amazzi (water) Ensibuko z’amasoboza ez’obutonde ziva mu ngereka za Namugereka .Zino nsibuko z’amasoboza ezatondebwa Katonda. Zirimu :
• Enjuba evaamu omusana/ekitangaala • Amazzi (Water) • Empewo/Embuyaga(Air/wind) Enjuba ng’ensibuko y’amasoboza ey’Obutonde
Enjuba ng’ensibuko y’amasoboza tugijjamu amasoboza ag’enjuba (solar energy) era agayitibwa amaanyi g’enjuba (solar power).Wano tweyambisa “entegeso z’amasoboza g’enjuba( solar panels ) ezeyambisibwa okutega omusana okukifuula amasoboza amatereke.
Enjuba era etuusa ku bimera ekitangaala ekibiyamba okukola emmere yabyo.Ekitangaala ekiva ku njuba era kiyamba amagumba okukula nga ga maanyi.
Amazzi ng’ensibuko y’amasoboza ey’obutonde
Amazzi nsibuko y’amasoboza kubanga geyambisibwa okutondeka amasannyalaze.
Amazzi era masoboza agasobozesa okunnyonnyogoza ennyanguyirizi nga ebitondekamaanyi .
Empewo oba embuyaga ng’ensibuko y’amasoboza ey’obutonde
Embuyaga eyamba okwetolooza empujjo z’empewo(windmills). Empujjo z’empewo zeyambisibwa okupika amazzi okuva wansi okuyita mu payipu okutuuka mu ttanka.
Embuyaga era yeyambisibwa okwetolooza empujjo z’amazzi (turbines) eziyamba okutondekawo amasannyalaze.
(ii) Ensibuko z’amasoboza ez’omutendera ogw’okubiri: Zino z’ensibuko z’amasoboza ezitondekebwawo (Artificial sources). Amasannyalaze ne ayidologyeni bya njawulo ku nsibuko z’amasoboza endala kubanga zino nsibuko z’amasoboza za mutendera gwa kubiri, ekitegeeza nti zino zzo nsibuko z’amasoboza ezitondekebwawo (artificial sources of energy) okuva mu nsibuko z’amasoboza ez’omutendera ogusooka .Ensibuko z’amasoboza zino ezitondekebwawo omuntu netissi z’amasoboza, ezeyambisibwa okutereka, okutambuza , n’okutuusa amasoboza mu mbeera ennyangu okukozesebwa . Okufaanana n’amasannyalaze, ayidologyeni nsibuko y’amasoboza ya mutendera gwa kubiri. Ayidologyeni atereka n’okutambuza amasoboza agatondekebwa okuva mu by’obugagga ebirala nga amafuta aga nakavundira(fossil fuels) , amazzi , n’entuumo y’ebiramu( biomass). Ensibuko z’amasoboza ezitondekebwawo omuntu (Artificial sources)
Ensibuko z’amasoboza ezikolebwa omuntu zirimu:
- Amafuta (Fuel) nga ddizero (diesel) petulooli (petrol) ebikozesebwa okutambuza ebidduka n’ebitondekamaanyi (machines) endala. - Amasannyalze g’enjuba (Solar electricity) okuwa ekitangaala ennyanguyirizi n’ebirala. - Parafiini, amafuta g’ettaala ne sitoovu ezifumbirwako. - Amati/Enku (wood/fireawood), Amanda (charcoal), n’ebyanda (coal) eby’okufumbisa. - Amasannyalaze ag’amasoboza ag’amazzi (Hydro electricity) agakozesebwa mu makolero mumaka ne mu malwariro.
Amasannyalaze ng’ensibuko y’amasoboza etondekebwawo omuntu
Amasannyalaze agasinga okukozesebwa gava mu nsibuko ez’enjawulo , omuli :
Amasannyalaze ag’amaanyi ag’amazzi (Hydro electric power ). Amasannyalaze aga nabbugumya (thermal electricity) agava mu petulooli oba ddizero. Amasannyalaze ag’enjuba (Solar electricity) Amasannyalaze ag’entagenda(Static electricity) okuva mu dayinamo(dynamo) Amasannyalaze ga Ggaasi w’ebiramu (Bio-gas) agava mu kazambi w’ensolo Amasannyalaze geyambisibwa
Okuwa ekitangaala mu nnyuba Okufumba Okusannyalaza ebikozesebwa eby’amasannyalaze nga amasimu , tooki , ne bbatule Okutambuza ebitondekamaanyi by’ennyanguyirizi Amanda (Charcoal) ng’ensibuko y’amasoboza etondekebwawo omuntu
Amanda gava mu nduli na matabi ga miti .Amanda geyambisibwa okugolola n’okugolola
Petulooli ne dizero ng’ensibuko z’amasoboza ezitondekebwawo omuntu
Petulooli ne ddizero byeyambisibwa mu motoka ezitambula n’ebitondekeso by’amasannyalaze (electrical generators).
Palafiini ng’ensibuko y’amasoboza etondekebwawo omuntu
Amafuta aga parafini geyambisibwa okwasisa amataala awaka ne sitoovu okufumba Enku nayo nsibuko etondekebwawo omuntu
Amati omuli enku , ebitittiriri, ebibaawo oba embaawo biyinza okweyambisibw okufumba .okukola Amanda, okubugumyaenju mu bude obw’empewo.
Ggaasi nga ensibuko etondekebwawo omuntu
Ggaasi yeyabisibwa mu kwokya ebyuma(welding) Okufumba m’amataala.
Ebibuuzo
(a) Parafiini akozesebwa ki? (b) Tuwe ennyanguyirizi bbiri ezikozesa petulooli oba ddiezero (c) Tuweeyo ebika by’amasannyalaze by’omanyi (d) Amasannyalaze gakozesebwa ki?
Oziiyiza otya okudiibuuda amasoboza?
Obutadibuuda masoboza kitegeeza okukozesa ebyobugagga obulungi nga oziiyiza okumala gakozesa masoboza mu ngeri ey’ekyeyononero .Okwewala okwonoona oba okudibuuda amasoboza:
• Goberera ebilagiro by’enkozesa y’ennyanguyirizi. • Jjako swiiki z’ettala nga tewali azikozesa. • Jjako ebikozesa amasannyalaze nga TV, lediyo, ennyinyogoza, ppaasi , ebbinika, n’obusannyalazassimu nga tobikozesa • Kozesa abbalibu ezikekkereza amasoboza • Okuzikiza enku oba amanda ng’omaze okufumba
Lwaki kyetaagisa obutadibuuda masoboza ?
Obutadibuuda masoboza kyetaagisa kubaga :
Kikendeeza ensimbi z’osasaanya ku masoboza Kiziiyiza okudibuuda amasoboza Amasoboza gayinza okuterekerwa emirembe egirijja mu mbeera ey’amanda. Enku , n’okweyongerayo Amasoboza gayinza okuterekerwagasobole okukozesebwa oluvannyuma.
a) Nokoolayo engeri eziziiyiza okudibuuda amasoboza. ............................................................................................................. b) Tuwe ebintu bisatu eikozesebwa amasannyalaze ............................................................................................................. c) Lwwaki kyetaagisa obutadibuuda masoboza .........................................
IV. Embeera z’amasoboza (Energy forms)
Bwe twoogera ku bika by’amasoboza tetutegeeza mbeera za masoboza. Ebika by’amasoboza biri bibiri: (a) Amasoboza ameebafu (Potential energy).Gano era gayitibwa amasoboza amatereke(Stored energy) (b) Amasoboza ag’Okuva(kinetic or motion energy).Gano era gayitibwa amasoboza agakola(working energy). Embeera z’amasoboza(forms of energy) kikwata ku ngeri ez’enjawulo amasoboza gye geyolekeramu oba gye gabeeramu. Amasoboza amatereke n’amasoboza ag’okuva gabeera mu mbeera bbiri . Zino z’Embeera z’amasoboza(energy forms) : (i)Embeera z’Amasoboza Ameebafu (Potential energy). Kyetaagisa okumanya enjawulo wakati w’amasoboza ameebafu n’amasoboza ag’essikirizo ‘. Ekintu gye kikoma okuba ekizito ,amasoboza gaakyo ameebafu gye kakoma okuba amangi . Amasoboza ameebafu gasangibwa mu mbeera ez’enjawulo . Gano geyorekera mu mbeera ez’amasoboza amatereke(stored energy) . Galimu: (a)Amakyusabuziba(chemical energy) . Amakyusabuziba ge masoboza agalindiridde okufulumizibwa okukola ekikyusabuziba(chemical reaction). Enkwaso z’enkyusabuziba(Chemical bonds) mu kibiriiti zitereka amasoboza agalindiridde okukyusibwa okufuulibwa amasoboza aga nabbugumya oba ag’okwokya ng’obadde asazizza akabiriiti Amakyusabuziba ge masoboza agakyusa obuziba bw’ennabuziba (elements).Amasoboza agakyusa obuziba(amakyusabuziba) gaba masoboza agaterekeddwa mu nkwaso z’obuziba=enkwaso za atomu(atomic bonds) ne molekyu. Bbaatule , entuumo z’ebiramu(biomass) , petulooli , ggaasi ow’obutonde , amanda(Charcoal) n’ebyanda(Coal) bya kulabirako by’amasoboza amakyusabuziba. Amakyusabuziba gafuulibwa amasoboza aga nabbugumya (thermal energy) buli abantu lwe bookya emiti oba enku mu kyoto oba ekikoomi (fireplace) oba ne bookya gasoliini mu kitondekamaanyi ky’emotoka(Car engine). Amakyusabuziba ge masoboza agaterekeddwa mu nkwaso z’epipooli eby’enkyusabiziba (in the bonds of chemical compounds ) , ntegeeza mu buziba ne molekyu. (in atoms and molecules). Amakyusabuziba gafulumizibwa munsindikano y’enkyusabuziba (chemical reaction), ne gatondekawo ebbugumu oba obwoki nga ekitondeko. Amakyusabuziba buli lwe gafulumizibwa , okuva mu ennabuzimbe , ennabuzimbe eno ekifuula sabusitansi mpya.
Ekyokulabirako , bwe wabaawo ekibwatuko (explosion), ,amakyusabuziba agabadde amatereke gakyusibwa okufuukamu amasoboza aga nabbugumya, amasoboza ag’ekitangaala, amasoboza ag’okuva n’amasoboza ag’ebivuga(sound energy) .
Ekyoklulabirako ekirala ky’ekya enku enkalu ezirimu amakyusabuziba amatereke(potentialchemical enrgy). Enku bwe zikumibwako omuliro mu Kyoto amakyusabuziba gafulumizibwa gafulumizibwa ne gafuulibwa amasoboza aga nabbugumya n’amasoboza ag’ekitangaala. Okilaba nti enku zifuuka vvu, ekintu eky’enjawulo ku nku.
Emmere nayo kyakulabirako kirungi eky’amasoboza amatereke agayitibwa “amakyusabuziba amatereke” ( stored chemical energy). Amasoboza gano gafulumizibwa nga ekikamulabiriisa (digestion) kigenda mu maaso .Molekyu mum mere yaffe zikutulwakutulwamu obutundutundu . Enkwaso wakati w’obuziba buno bwe zitandika okutaggulukuka (loosen) , wabaawo ensindikano ey’enkyusabuziba(.chemical reaction will occur) olwo ekipooli ekipya ne kitondekebwao . Enkwaso bwe zitaggulukuka wabaawo ekiwokiso(oxidation) ekijjaawo embagirawo. Ekikyusabuziba( chemical reaction) ky’ekireetera okukutulakutula mu molekyo( is involved in breakdown of a molecule). Amasoboza agatondekebwawo gatukuuma nga tuli babugumu , okukuuma n’okuddaabiriza emimiri era ne gatusobozesa okutambula oba okusulumba .Eby’okulya eby’enjawulo bibaamu obungi bw’amasoboza bwa njawulo . Amasoboza agasangibwa mu mmere ey’enjawulo gapimibwa mu “kiro-kaloli” oba nansoboza (kilocalories) oba ensoboza( Calories). Nansoboza kiva mu bigambo “namunigina z’amasoboza(units of food energy) . Oyinza okulowoozaayo ebyokulabirako ebya amasoboza amakyusabuziba(chemical energy)?
(b) Amasoboza ag’essikirizo amatereke (gravitational potential energy).
Amasoboza agessikirizo amatereke( Gravitational energy) ge amasoboza agaba amatereke mu kintu ekiwanikiddwa waggulu .Ekintu gye kikoma okuba waggulu n’okuba nti kizito , bye kikoma okuba n’amasoboza amatereke amangi . Buli kintu kiyinza okuba n’amasoboza ameebafu naye amasoboza ag’essikirizo gaterekebwa mu bwewanifu bwa kintu .Buli ekizito gye kikoma okuwanikibwa waggulu kisigala waggulu eyo lwa mpalirizo eba ekiwaniridde eyo waggulu gye kiba kiri ne kitagwa wansi. Omuntu bw’aba avuga akagaali ka maanyi ga kifuba ku kaserengeto n’akakkiriza ku misinde , amasoboza ag’essikrizo gaba gafuulibwa amasoboza ag’okuva ( motion energy). Ebiyiriro by’amasannyalaze ag’amazzi ( Hydropower) kya kulabirako ekirala eky’amasoboza ag’essikirizo(gravitational energy), nga ezzikirizo liwaliriza amazzi okuyiika wansi ku misinde okuyita mu gawujjo g’amasannyalaze ag’amazzi ( hydroelectric turbine) okutondeka amasannyalaze.
Kikulu okumanya enjawulo wakati w’amasoboza amatereke n’amasoboza ag’essikirizo . Ekituufu kiri nti buli kintu kibaamu amasoboza amatereke naye amasoboza ag’essikrizo gaterekebwa okusinziira ku bugul;umivu bw’ekintu gye kuyewanise waggulu. Buli kiseera ekizito gye kikuumirwa waggulu , wabaawo empalirizo oba manaanyi agakikuumirayo waggulu eyo .Eno y’ensonga lwaki kisigalayo ne kitagwa wansi . Olina okukimanya nti ekintu gye kikoma obuzito gye kikoma okuba n’amasoboza amatereke kubanga kiba n’enzitoya nnene\9big mass). (c) Amasoboza ag’ekitambuzo(mechanical energy). Ekitambuzo mulamwa oguva mu bigambo by’oluganda “ekibalo ekitambuza ebitundu by’ensengekera”. Amasoboza ag’ekitambuzo g’amasoboza agajjawo olw’ ekintu okuba mu mbeera ey’okuva oba embeera ey’okufumbekera mu kifo ekimu.Ebyokulabirako: • Ensolo nga eri mu kutambula oba okudduka • Ennyonnyi oba ekinyonyi nga kidduka mu bwengula • Ekyennyanja nga kiwuga mu mazzi Amasoboza ag’ekitambuzo galimu masoboza amatereke mu bintu olwa kawereege ( tension). Seppulimgi ezikkatiddwa(Compressed spring) ne labba aleeguddwa ( stretched rubber) bya kulabirako bya masoboza ga kitambuzo . Amasoboza ag’ekitambuzo gatera okubuzaabuzibwa n’amasoboza ag’okuva(Kinetic) awamu n’amasoboza amatereke ( Potential Energy) . Ka tusooke tunnyonnyoke ekigambo “kukola”( ‘Work)’.
“Okukola”‘(Work) kubaawo nga empalirizo eteekebwa ku kinyu ne kiva mu kifo oba okukyusa enkula ya kyo. Ekyokulabirako bwe nsindika olujji lwa motoka ne lweggula nsobole okufuluma , mba nkoze ku lujji luno .Kyokka mpalirizo ki ereetedde olujji luno okweggula? Wano amasoboza ag’ekitambuzo we gajjiramu . Amasoboza ag’ekitambuzo gwe mugatte gw’amasoboza ag’okuva n’amasoboza amatereke agaba mu kintu ekiba kikozesebwa okukola .Mu njogera endala, amasoboza ag’ekitambuzo ge masoboza mu kintu nga gekuusiza ku kuva kwa kyo oba ekifo we kiri oba byombi. Mu ky’okulabirako ky’olujji lwa motoka lwe njogeddeko waggulu , nze mba ndimu amasoboza amakyusabuziba amatereke nga si nalusindika kyokka bwe nnyimusa emikono gyange okusindika olujji, ekikolwa kyange kino knakyo kibaamui amasoboza ag’okuva. Bwe nsindika olujji , amasoboza gange amatereke n’amasoboza gange ag’okuva gafuulibwa amasoboza ag’ekitambuzo agavuddemu okukola oluggi ne lweggula. Wano oluggi luba lufunye amasoboza ag’ekitambuzo agaleetedde olujji okweseetula ne lweggula okumala akabanga . Wetegereze nti okukola okubaawo , walina okubaawo ekintu ekivaamu empalirizo okusobozesa ekintu ekirala okuva mu kifo ( okuseetuka). Kino kya kulabirako ekirala .Omusajja ng’abadde atema omuti n’ejjambiya .
(a) Ejjambiya ku bwayo terina masoboza ga kuva naye erina amasoboza amatereke kubanga erina obuzito n’enzitoya(weight and mass).
(b)Okusobola okuyiza omuti , aba alina okugalula ejjambiya , ekintu ekirinnyisa amasoboza gaayo amatereke olw’okuwanikibwa waggulu.
(c) Olwo n’agiwaliriza okutambulira ku misinde egiri waggulu okukka wansi(wano efuna amasoboza ag’okuva) okujisobozesa okutema omuti eguyiuze. Omugatte gw’amasoboza amatereke n’amasoboza agali mu kuva ejjambiya g’efuna agajisobozesa okuyuza mu muti gwe guyitibwa amasoboza ag’ekitambuzo , agaleeterea omuti okugwa. (d) Amakyusabuziizi (nuclear energy).Amakyusabuziizi oba amasoboza ag’obuziizi(Nuclear energy ) , ge masoboza amatereke mu buziizi(nnyukiriyaasi) bw’akaziba(atomu) –amasoboza agakuumira awamu obuziba bw’akaziizi(the nucelous of the atom) . Omuwendo gw’amasoboza omunene guyinza okufulumizibwa nga obuziizi bwonna bwegasse (combined) oba bwabuluziddwamu(split apart).
(ii) Amasoboza ag’Okuva (kinetic energy).
Buli ekitambula yadde okujugumira kiba n’amasoboza ag’okuva(kinetic/motion energy) era amasoboza ago ge gasobozesa buli kintu okwenyenya, okujugumira, okukankana, okuseetuka, okutambula oba okugenda . Anasoboza ag’okuva g’amasoboza ageyolekamu kintu ekiri mu mbeera ey’okuva oba omugendo ne bwe kuba kwenyenya, kukankana oba okujugumira.Ebintu ebibamu kuva birimu ebyo ebinene ennyo, obwaguuga nga enkulungo, n’obuntu obutono oba obutini ennyo nga obutaffaali (cells) n’ obutoffaaliparticles) nga atomu , nampa, konta, obukwaki , n’obusannyalazo. Obutundutunyu obutono ennyo mu essomabuzimbe bwe buyitibwa obutunniiya (particles) era obuyitibwa “obutoffaali”(inanimate or animate small or tiny particles). Okutwalira awamu obutunniinya (particles) obusookerwako bulimu: (a) Obutoffaali obutono ennyo= Obutonniinya (b) Obutoffaali obutini ennyo = Obutinniiya (c) Obusirikitu (microscopic organisms) Weetegereze: (a) Akatono = small or very small (b) Akatini = tiny, minute , extremely small (c) Akatonniinya = subatomic particle( nampa=neutron, konta=proton) (d) Ajatinniinya = elementary particle( obusannyalazo=electrons , obukwaki=quarks ) (e) Akatoffaali = particle, animate or inanimate small, very small , or tiny particle (f) Akataffaali = living cell (g) Akatunniinya = akatoffaali(Particles) Kimanye nti ekintu gye kikoma okuba ekizito ne gye kikoma okuba ku misinde , gye kikoma okuba n’amasoboza ag’okuva . Ddira obutaasa bubiri obwenkanankana nga bulimu amazzi ekigero kye kimu , okwate amayinja abiri erimu kigero kya kikonde kyo akalala kimu kya kuna ky’ejjinja erisooka. Amayinja gombi gakwate obuwanvu bwe bumu okuva mu buli kataasa olyoke ogatemu kiseera kye kimu . Ki ekibaawo? Amazzi gaba gasamukka kyokka amazzi agali mu kataasa akaguddemu eginja eddene gasamuka nnyo okusinga ku mazzi agali mu kataasa akagudeemu ejinnja ettonoko. Amasoboza agava mu jonja eddene gasinga agava mu jinja ettono. Weetegereze: • Amayinja gombi gaba n’amasoboza amatereke nga okyagawaniridde mu ngalo zo. • Olw’okuba ogawanise waggulu ddala okuva ku ttaka , amayinja ombi galimu amasoboza ag’essikrizo • Bw’ogata ne gatandika okugwa wansi , amasoboza amatereke n’amasoboza ag’essikirizo gafuukamu amasoboza ag’okuva. Kati tutegeeze ! Jinja ki ku gambi erisinga okuba n’amasoboza ag’okuva? Eddene oba ettono ? Ebyokulabirako ebirala ebiraga amasoboza ag’okuva mulimu : • Ekitangaala okuva ku njuba • Enkulungo y’ensi n’omwezi gwayo • Abazannyi abakuba ensambaggere • Omuntu oba ensolo etambula • Eddoboozi eriva mu ng’ombe y’emotoka • Eddoboozi lyo ng’oyogera • Ekidduka ku luguudo • Ennyonyi nga eri mu mugendo gwayo mu bwengula • Essasi oba ekikompola nga oli anyize emmanduso • Okukuba okukomerera emisumaali mu muti • Amasannyalaze buli lw’osaako swiiki .Amasannyalaze mugendo gwa busannyalazo Amasoboza ag’okuva kuba kuva kwa mayengo ,obusannyalazo ,obuziizi,obuziba, molekyu , ’ebintu byonna ebiva mu kifo . Amasoboza ag’okuva ge masoboza agakukola (energy at work) era galimu Amasoboza ag’okuva ge masoboza agakola? Yee !! Gano gonna wansi masoboza agakola ekitegeeza ge masoboza agaba mu kuva:
(a) Amasoboza aga nabbugumya (thermal energy).Amasoboza aga nabbugumya (thermal energy) era gayitibwa:
• amasoboza ag’ebbugumu oba • Amasoboza ag’okwokya (heat energy). • Amasoboza ag’ebyokya • Amasoboza amooki • Amasoboza ag’amasannyalaze • Amasoboza ag’oluyengo(Radiant energy) Amasoboza gano gava mu kujugumira( vibration) n’okutambula( movement) kw’obuziba era ekiyitibwa okutambula kwa atomu eziri mu kintu. Ekintu bwe kibuguma oba ka tugambe nti bwe kyokyebwa , obuziba (atomu) ne molekyo zakyo zitambulo ne zitomeregana wakati mu kutebenta . Amasoboza aga nabbugumya wo mu ttaka (Geothermal energy) ge masoboza gerisangibwa mu magombe g’ensi. Ennabuzimbe =endagabuzimbe (Matter) ekolebwa mu butunniinya oba molekyu eziva mukifo ne zijugumira mu ntakoma (constantly). Singa “obwoki”(tempulikya) bw’wnnabuzimbe bulinnya kino kireetera obutunniinya era ekiyitibwa obutoffaali(particles) okweyongera okujugumira ku misinde. Amasoboza aga nabbugumya (thermal energy) ga masoboza agava mu bwoki (tempulikya) bw’ennabuzimbe. Ekintu gye kikoma okwokya, molekyu zakyo gye zikoma okujugumira era amsoboza agakyo aga nabbugumya gye gakoma.
Ekyokulabirako bw’oteeka amazzi ku sigiri okugoya akawunga, amazzi gano gaba n’amasoboza aga nabbugumya (thermal energy) agali mu mbeera y’amasoboza ag’okuva olw’obutunniinya bwago obuba bujugumira. Singa ofukako ku mazzi gano ageseze mu kikopo ekirimu amata agannyogoga okole ka kyayi, amazzi gano agookya gayingiza mu butoffaali bw’amata agatookya agamu ku masoboza ga nabbugumya agagalimu .Ekikopo ky’amata kkyo kiba tekyokya nnyo ng’amazzi agasigadde mu sefuliya kubanga amasoboza aga nabbugumya agamu gavudde mu mazzi ne gayingira mu mata agabade agannyongoga. Jjukira nti obungi bw’amasoboza aga nabbugumya afali mu kintu gupimibwa mu jjoole(J). Okiraba nti amasoboza aga nabbugumya galina akakwate n’obwoki(Tempulikya) bw’ekintu. Ebbugumu oba okwokya tekitegeeza kimu n’obwoki(temperature ).Kaakati obwoki kye ki ?
Obwoki(Temperature) Obwoki bw’ekintu kitegeeza “kigero kya kwokya oba obunnyogovu” bw’ekintu .Obwoki bupimibwa mu digiri eza Serisiyaasi (°C). Obwoki era kiyinza okupimibwa mu ekigerebuzo ekya Falenayiti (Fahrenheit scale), nga kino kinnalinnya ekyabbulwa mu Mugirimaani eyali ayitibwa Falenayiti . Akabonero ka farenayiti y’ennukuta 'F'. Mu kigerebuzo kya farenayiti ( Fahrenheit scale), amazi gekwatira ku digiri eza Falenayiti asatu mu bbiri oba F 32 ° ate nga gabugumira ku digiri , F 212 °. Mu kigerebuzo ekya Selisiyaasi (Celsius scale, amazzi gekwatira ku digiri eza Serisiyaasi ova C 0° ate ne gabugumira ku digiri eza Serisiyaasi kimumi oba C 100°. Ekipimabwoki (thermometer) nyanguyirizi ekozesebwa okupima obwoki oba tempulikya. Ekirandizo, Ekibulukanyo, n’Oluyengo (Conduction, Convection and Radiation).
Okwokya oba ebbugumu liyinza okutambuzibwa okuva mu katoffaali akamu okuyingira akalala mu ngeri satu : • Ekirandizo • Ekibulukanyo • Oluyengo Amasoboza ag’amasannyalaze (electrical energy) Amasoboza ag’amasannyalaze (Electrical energy) gava mu kutambula kw’obutoffaali obutini ennyo obuyitibwa obusannyalazo(electrons), obuba butambulira mu waya. Ekimyansuko( Lightning) kya kulabirako ky’amasoboza ag’amasannyalaze agali mu butonde. Ennabuzimbe (Matter) ekolebwa obutoffaali obuyitibwa obuziba(atomu).Lwaki buyitibwa buziba ? Kubanga “buli wala nnyo” n’amaaso gaffe agali obukunya okulaba . Ekno kitegeeza nti okusobola okulaba obuziba bw’ennabuzimbe kitwetaagisa ennyanguyirizi ezimbulukusa obutinniinya eyitibwa enzimbulukusa (microscope). Mu kaziba(atomu) mubaamu ate obutunniinya oba obutoffaali obutini ennyo okusingawo obuyitibwa obusannyalazo (electrons) obuba mu kuva entakyuka(constantly moving). Okuva kw’obusannyalazo buno kusinziira ku muwendo gw’amasoboza akasoboza ge kalina ,okukasobozesa okuva mu kifo. Kino kitegeeza nti buli kintu kirimu amasoboza amatereke ( potential energy), naye ebimu birina amasoboza amatereke okusinga ebirala. Omuntu munnasayansi ayinza okuwaliriza obusanyalaze buno okutambulira mu kubo eggere okuva mu kifo ekimu okudda mu kirala. Waliwo ebiyitiro by’obusannyalazo eby’enjawulo ebiyitibwa ebilandizo(conductors) ebitambuza amasoboza gano. Ebintu ebimu tebiyionza kutambuza masoboza mu mbeera eno era bino biyitibwa biziiyizo( insulators). Buli omuntu munnasayansi asobola okuleetera obusanyalzo buno okutambula okuva mu kaziba akamu okudda mu kaziba akalala nga yeyambisa empalirizo za magineeti atondekawo amasoboza g’amasannyalaze ( electrical energy) .
Omugendo gw’amasannyalaze gukola gutya? Bbaatule etambuza amasoboza amakyuisabuziba(chemical energy) amatereke mu mbeera y’obutinniinya obuba busannyalaziddwa obuyitibwa obusannyalazo ( electrons), obutambulira mu waya. Ekyokulabirako , amasoboza ag’amasannyalaze gayingizibwa mu kifo okuyita mu ttaala ng’amasoboza ag’ekitangaala(light energy) n’amasoboza aga nabbugumya oba okwokya ( thermal /heat) energy.
Ekimyansuko (lightning) nago masoboza ga masannyalaze agasangibwa mu butonde , agamaanyi ennyo okuba nti tegakugirwa mu waya. Gava ku bire by’enkuba ebyetuuma awamu ne bikola amasoboza ag’amasannyalaze amayitirivu ennyo mumbeera y’amasannyalaze ag’entagenda (static electricity). Amasannyalaze gano gafuluma nga waliwo ekimyansuko olw’ebire okukuubagana ennyo.Ekikuubagano ky’ebire ky’ekiviirako ekimyansuko.
Amasoboza ag’ebivuga (Sound energy) Okuvuga (Sound ) gwe mugendo gw’amasoboza okuyita mu miyitiro egy’emigendo gy’amayengo . Okuvuga kujjawo nga empalirizo ereetedde ekintu okujugumira .Amasoboza gayita mu kintu mu mbeera ey’ejjengo . Amasoboza agatambuza ebivuga matono okusinga amasoboza ag’ebika ebirala. Engalabi ejugumira etambuza amasoboza mu kitundu nga ekivuga. Amasoboza ag’okuva gayita mu molekyo z’empewo etambula ne gatuuka ku muwulizi ng’amaloboozi oba ebivuga okuyita mu kabubi akajugumiza .Okirana nti amasoboza ag’okuva mu ngalo ezikuba engoma gafuulibwa amasoboza ag’ebivuga(sound energy).
Ebijugumiro by’ebivuga(Sound vibrations) bivaamu amayengo g’ebivuga (sound waves) agayita mu miyitiro nga : • Empewo • Amazzi Okutuuka mu matu gaffe. Amasoboza g’eddoboozi(Sound energy) gatera kupimibwa okusinziira ku kanyigirizi n’amaanyi gaago mu nigina ez’enjawulo eziyitibwa ebipasikaali ( pascals) n’ebidesibeero (decibels).
Amasoboza ag’Oluyengo.
Amasoboza ag’Oluyengo (Radiant energy) masoboza ga mugendo gwa masanyalaze ne magineeti(electromagnetic energy) ogutambulira mu mayengo agegonyola(transverse waves). Amasoboza ag’oluyengo galimu: • Ekitangaala ekirabika(visible light) • Emigendo gya X • Emigendo gya Gamam • Amayengop ga Leediyo Ektangaala n’olwkyo kika kimu eky’amasoboza ag’oluyengo.Omusana masoboza aga luyengo omuva amafuta n’ebbugumu ebikola obulamu ku Nsi. Mu butuufu amasoboza ag’oluyengo (radiant energy) ga masoboza ag’amayengo g’omugendo gw’amasannyalaze na magineeti (the energy of electromagnetic waves). Mbeera y’amasoboza agayita mu bwengula .Ekyokulabairako, tuyingiza ebbugumu okuva kun juba eri ewala ennyo okuva ku Nsi okuyiyta mu lubugumu lw’amayengo, oluyengo (radiation) . Ebbugumu ly’enjuba terirandira kuyita mu kintu kya nkalubo kyokka , wabula kuyita mu bwangaala (vacuum) .Kino kisoboka lwa “mayengo ga mugendo gwa masanyalaze ne magineeti “(electromagnetic waves). Amayengo g’omugendo gw’amasannyalaze ne magineeti Buli masoboza ag’entagenda(static energy okuva mpalirizo z’amasannyalaze ne magineeti lwe gasisinkana , galeetawo ekyebulungulo ky’amasannyalaze okuzetoloola. Bw’okwata omunyolo gw’olujji ogw’ekyuma ofuna okuyitibwamu empalirizo y’amasannyalaze eg’entagenda (electro static force) .
Ate yo empalirizo ya magineeti y’ensika esikiriza ekyuma ku magineeti. Kaakati ekyebulunguloky’amasannyalaze ekireetebwawo kiviiramo amayengo agayitibwa amayengo g’omugendo gw’amasannyalaze ne magineeti era gayinza okutambula okuyita mu lwangaala (vacuum) , obutunniinya oba enkalubo . Waliwo ebika by’amayengo g’omugendo gw’amasannyalaze ne magineeti bya njawulo nga byonna birina obuwanvu bw’ejjengo (wavelengths), ebinnyonnyozo (properties), enziringana (frequencies) n’amaanyi (power) ga njawulo era nga buli kimu kikolagana n’ennambuzimbe mu ngeri za njawulo. Ensengekera y’amayengo yonna okuva ku gasembayo okutuuka ku gasingayo y’eyitibwa endaga y’’omugendo gw ’amasannyalaze ne mangineeti ( the electromagnetic spectrum). Obuwanvu bw’ejjengo gye bukoma okuba wansi enziringana(frequency) gy’ekoma okuba waggulu ate obuwanvu by’ejjengo gye bukoma okuba waggulu enzirngana gy’ekoma okuba wansi. Ekitangaala ekyeru mbeera ya masoboza ga luyengo (radiant energy) era enziringana yakyo katundu katono ak’endaga y’omugendo gw’amasannyalaze ne magineeti. Mu ndaga eyo waggulu oba olaba amasoboza ag’olubugumu ag’enjawulo agalagibwa n’obuwanvu bw’amayengo obw’enjawulo . Amasoboza ag’oluyengo bwe gasisinkana ennabuzimbe , gakyusa ebinnyonnyozo by’ennabuzimbe.Ekyokulabirako amayengo amatiniwavu ( micro-waves), nga kino kitundu ku ndaga y’omugendo gw’amasannyalaze ne magineeti gwonna, bwe gateekebwako mu woveni y’amayengo amatiniwavu (microwave oven), molekyu z’amazzi mu mere gasannyalalazibwa ne kigaleetera okujugumira emirundu buwumbi mu buli sikonda , ekitondekawo okwokya okuyamba emmere okuggya . Woveni y’amayengo amatiniwavu ekolera ku sayansi wa masoboza ag’oluyengo oba kiyite amayengo g’omugendo gw’amasannyalaze ne magineeti (electromagnetic waves). Amasoboza amatereke (Energy Stored)
Amasoboza tegayinza kutondekebwawo yadde okusaanyizibwawo naye gayinza okuterekebwa mu mbeera ez’enjawulo. Engeri emu kwe kugatereka mu mbeera ey’amasoboza amakyusabuziba (chemical energy) mu bbaatule. Akayitiro(circuit) bwe kaba kakwataganyiziddwa , amasoboza amatereke mu bbaatule gafulumizibwa okutondekawo amasannyalaze. Baatule eba n’enkomerero bbiri , enkomerero eya pozitiivu n’enkomerero eya negatiivu .Singa okwataganya enkomerero eya negatiivu n’eya pozitiivu ne waya , otondekawo akayitiro(circuit ) . Obusannyalazo (electrons) bukulukuta oba butambula okuyita mu waya okutondekawo omugendo gw’amasannyalaze (electric current). Amasoboza gayinza okuterekebwa mu ngeri nnyingi endala .Gayinza okuterekebwa mu : • Mmere • Amabibiro g’amazzi • Bbaatule • Ggaasi ow’obutonde • Mu kikuumabyoka Amasoboza agakola gasangibwa mu mbeera ki ?Enkozeso z’amasoboza (Ennergy Carriers) Obusangiro bw’amasoboza buva mu nsibuko z’amasoboza ez’omutendera ogusooka era bubaamu amasoboza agayinza okukyusibwa ne gateekebwa mu mbeera endala nga okukola okw’embagirawo, ebbugumu oba okukola ebintu ebirala.Obuterekero bw’amasoboza buvaamu amasoboza buli lwe waba wetaagisa. Amasoboza ag’omutendera ogusooka Engeri y’okuyusa amasoboza Obuterekero bw’amasoboza Ebifuta Kirongooserezo Mafuta(woyiro, gasoliini, Ggaasi ow’Obutonde Ebipango by’amaanyi masannyalaze Ebyanda Bipango by’amaanyi masannyalaze Yulaniyaamu ow’obutonde Bipango by’amaanyi Masannyalaze Amasoboza ag’enjuba Bipango by’amaanyi Masannyalaze Amasoboza ag’empewo Bipango by’amaanyi(Mawujjo ga mpewo) Masannyalaze Amasoboza ag’ejjengo Bipango by’amaanyi(mawujjo g’amazzi) masannyalaze Omugendo gw’amazzi ogw’ emigga ,ebiyiriro Bipango by’amaanyi(Mawujjo g’amazzi) Masannyalaze Entuumo y’Ebiramu Bipango by ‘amaanyi Masannyalaze Nabbugumya w’amagombe Bipango by’amaanyi Masannyalaze Ekyebulungulo ky’Ensi ekya magineeti Teri mugaso gumanyiddwa kuvaamu Ekimyansuko Teri mugaso gumanyiddwa kuvaamu Obuterekero bw’amasoboza aobulala mulimu seppulingi , bbaatule, kapasita, ayidologyeni n’emiti.
Amasoboza tegasobola kutondekebwawo ate era tegasobola kusaanyizibwawo okujjako nga olina obusobozi obutondekawo enjuba, Samasoboza , ekitegeeza sekazaalira z’amasoboza gonna mu mwengula. Kyemmanyi kiri nti tewali muntu ayinza kutonda sengendo za bwengula okujjako Katonda. Olwokuba omuntu tasobola kutondekawo njuba ate ng’enjuba z’ezisibukamu amasoboza olwo amasoboza gano ne gatandika okukyusa embeera zaago , omuntu alina kumanya mbeera z’amasoboza ez’enjawulo ezetaagisa okweyambisibwa ku nsi. Amasoboza tegasaanyizibwawo wabula osobola okuyusa embeera mwe gasangibwa okuva mu mbeera emu okudda mumbeera endala gy’oba oyagadde okukola omulimu gw’oyagala okukola.
Tukozesa amasoboza ag’ekika ekya kemiko okuva mu bbaatule okufuna omugendo gw’amasannyalaze (current). Okutondekawo omukka ogwokya oba enfuumo (steam or vapour) twokya ebyanda (coal) n’amafuta ga nakavundira (fossil fuels) amalala ne bikyusa amasoboza gakyo ag’ekika ekya kemiko amatereke okugafuula amasoboza aga nabbugumya (thermal energy).
Okufumba emmere oba wetaaga okukyusa amasoboza ag’amasannyalaze okugafuula amasoboza aga nabbugumya. Nigi y’amasoboza esembayo ye jjoole (joule).
Abantu bwe bakozesa amasannyalaze , gayinza okuba nga gaavudde mu kwokya byanda(coal) , ekikyusabuziizi (nuclear reaction) , oba amawujjo g’amazzi ku migga , okunokoolayo ezimu. Okiraba nti ebyanda , obuziizi, n’ekiwujjamazzi zonna nsibuko za masoboza . Waliwo ensibuko z’amasoboza agasobozesa buli ekigenda mu maaso mu butonde mu bulamu bwaffe obwa bulijjo za njawulo kyokka ekituufu kiri nti ensibuko semasibuko y’enjuba. Embeera z’amasoboza ez’enjaulo mulimu: (i) Embeera ey’ekwokya(heat). Eno era eyitibwa mbeera ya nabbugumya(thermal). Si nabbiguma; oba embeera ey’ebbugumu(warmth). (ii) Embeera ey’ekitangaala(light ) . Eno era eyitibwa mbeera ya luyengo(radiant) (iii) Embeera ey’amasannyalaze. (iv) Embeera ey’enkyusabuziba (v) Embeera ey’enkyusobuziizi (vi) Embeera ey’essikirizo(gravitational energy) (vii) Embeera ey’ensikirizo(magnetic attraction)
Ekikola ekitangaala ky’enjuba gaba masoboza ga kyegattisatomu (fusion energy). Ekitambuza amasoboza g’ekitangaala okuva ku njuba gaba masoboza ga luyengo oba “olubugumu”(radiation energy). Olubugumu kiva mu bigambo by’oluganda “oluyengo olw’ekitangaala n’ebbugumu” ate era “oluyengo” kiva mu bigambo by’oluganda “olubugumu olw’amayengo g’ekitangaala”. Amasoboza okuva ku njuba n’olwekyo • gatuwa ekitangaala emisana • gakaza engoye zaffe • gasobozesa ebimera okukola emmere yabyo ne bikula • Amasoboza agava ku njuba gafuuka amasoboza amatereke mu bimera ebiriibwa ensolo nabyo ne bifuna amasoboza. Ensolo ezirya ensolo eziridde omuddo nazo zisobola okufuna amasoboza okuva mu nsolo eziba ziridde omuddo ne zifuna amasoboza gano agasibuka mu kitangaala ky’enjuba.
VI.Okukekkereza Amasoboza (Energy Saving)
Engeri z’okukekkereza amasoboza (saving energy) ziri bbiri:
(i) Enkozesa y’amasoboza etali ya kyeyonoonero (Energy conservation). Okukekkereza amasoboza kikwata ku nneeyisa eziiyiza okukozesa amasoboza amangi oba eviirako okukozesa amasoboza amatono.Ebyokulabirako:
• Nga tujjako ebikozesa amasannyalze nga tumaze okubikozesa. • Zikiza omuliro nga omaze okufumba • Buili awava omuti simbawo omuti • N’awatali miti simbawo emiti. Okuba nga tuba tusimba emiti emito (planting young trees) nkozesa etali ya kyeyonoonero kubanga kye tukozesa kiba kiddawo. • Okuddaabulula ebikozeeko oba ebyo ebiwedde okukozesebwa (recycling) • Bw’oba toil mu kisenge jjako ettaala
(ii) Okukozesa ebikekkereza amasoboza (energy efficiency).
Okukozesa ebikekkereza amasoboza kitegeeza kukozesa tekinologiya akekkereza amasoboza kukola omulimu gwe gumu.
• Sitoovu/Sigiri ezikekkereza amasoboza(energy saving stoves) • Bbalibbu ezikekkereza amasoboza (energy saving bulbs) kyokka ne zituwa ekitangaala kye kimu ng’ezo ezikozesa amangi.
Omugaso gw’okukekkereza amasoboza (saving energy) i. Obutadibuuda (wastage) ii. Okukendeeza ebisale
Okuddaabulula ebikozeseddwa (Recycling)
Okudaabulula kikekkereza amasoboza n’ebyobugagga kubanga amasoboza matono ddala agaba gakozesebwa okukola ekuzzaawo oba okuddaabulula ekitondeko okusinga ago ageetagibwa okukola ekitondeko ekipya.
Okuddaabulula (recycling) ky’ekikolwa eky’okukyusa kakasiro oba ebyo ebikozeseddwa/ ebimaze okukozesebwa okusobola okubikozesa buto mu ngeri omu oba endala.
Okuddaabulula kwetaagisa amasoboza matono ate era kiziiyiza okukozesa eby’obugagga ebyetaagisa ebirala, gamba ebimera nga emiti, minero , n’amazzi.Ebimu ku biyinza okuddaabululwa nga biva mu miti z’empapula ezikozeeko , obukyupa bw’amazzi obwa pulasitiika n’obuveera nabyo biyinza okuddaaabululwa ne biddamu okukozesebwa awamu n’obukyupa bwa aluminiyaamu.
Okuddaabulula empapula okuva mu ttani y’empapula ezikozeeko kiwonya emiti egisukka mu 15 ne kimu kya kubiri eky’amazzi agandibadde gakozesebwa .
Okuddabulula obukyupa bwa oluminiyamu kikekkereza amasoboza ebitundu ebisukka mu 90% okusinga okukola obukebebwa aluminiyamu obupya okuva mu masengere ga bbooseeti (bauxite ore).
Obuvune obuyinza okuva mu nkozesa y’amasoboza (energy use)
1) Waya ezitali nkugire (Lives wires) ziyinza okukubisa n’okuttisa abantu amasannyalaze (electrocute). 2) Amasoboza g’empewo agasukkulumye gatambuza oluyiira nga omuliro gukutte 3) Amasoboza ag’omusana amasukkulumu galeeta ekyeeeya (drought).
Okwewala obubenje bw’amasoboza - Simba emiti okukendeeza emisinde n’amaanyi g’embuyaga (wind breakers). - Tokoleeza muliro kuguzannyisa - Toyingiza bintu bya kyuma nga emisumaali mu soketi za masannyalaze (into electricity sockets). (Electricity wires). - Yiga we bakozesa enzikizamuliro(fire extinguishers)
Ebibuuzo
(i) Amasoboza (Energy) kye?............................................................ (ii) Tuwe ensibuko z’amasoboza ez’obutonde………………………………….. (iii) Tusobola tutya okukekkereza amasoboza (saving energy)…………… (iv) Mugasoki oguli mu kukekkereza amasoboza ……………………………… (v) Buzibu ki obuva ku masoboza ………………………………………………… (vi) Wewala otya obubenje bw’amasoboza?………………………………………

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11:1 a Kbl 12:7; Ma 34:5 b Kuv 24:13; Ma 1:38Awo Musa omuweereza wa Mukama bwe yamala okufa, Mukama n’agamba Yoswa mutabani wa Nuuni, eyali omubeezi wa Musa nti, 21:2 nny 11“Musa omuweereza wange afudde, kale kaakano weeteeketeeke osomoke omugga guno Yoludaani ggwe awamu n’abantu bano bonna mulyoke muyingire mu nsi eno gye mbawa mmwe abaana ba Isirayiri1:2 Mu biro ebyo Abayisirayiri baali mu Sittimu (2:1) mu nsi y’e Mowaabu (Ma 34:3) okumpi ne Yoludaani.. 31:3 Ma 11:24Nga bwe nasuubiza Musa, buli we munaalinnyanga ekigere, mbawaddewo. 41:4 a Lub 15:18 b Kbl 34:2-12Mbawadde ekitundu ekyo kyonna okuviira ddala ku ddungu ne ku Lebanooni, okutuuka ku mugga omunene, Fulaati, n’ensi ey’Abakiiti n’okutuukira ddala ku Nnyanja Ennene ebugwanjuba. 51:5 a Ma 7:24 b Yos 3:7; 6:27 c Ma 31:6-8Tewali n’omu alisobola kubaziyiza ennaku zonna ez’obulamu bwo; nga bwe nabeeranga ne Musa era bwe ntyo bwe nnaabeeranga naawe, sirikuleka wadde okukwabuulira.
61:6 Ma 31:23“Ddamu amaanyi, guma omwoyo; kubanga ggwe oligabira abantu bano ensi gye nasuubiza edda bajjajjaabwe. 71:7 a Ma 5:32; 28:14 b Yos 11:15Ddamu amaanyi era beera muzira, byonna by’okola obyesigamye ku mateeka omuweereza wange Musa ge yakulagira; togaviirangako ddala, oleme okukyama ku mukono ogwa ddyo oba ogwa kkono olyoke obenga omuwanguzi buli gy’onoogendanga. 81:8 Ma 29:9; Zab 1:1-3Ekitabo kino eky’amateeka tekikuvanga mu kamwa, okifumiitirizangako emisana n’ekiro olyoke oteekenga mu nkola ebyo bye kikulagira era bw’otyo bw’oneefunira obuwanguzi n’okukulaakulana. 91:9 a Zab 27:1 b nny 7; Ma 31:7-8; Yer 1:8Si nze nkulagidde? Noolwekyo ddamu amaanyi, guma omwoyo, totya era toterebuka kubanga Mukama Katonda wo anaabanga naawe buli gy’onoogendanga.”
10Bw’atyo ne Yoswa n’alagira abakulembeze b’Abayisirayiri nti, 111:11 Yo 3:2“Muyite mu lusiisira lwonna nga mutegeeza abantu bonna nti, ‘Mwesibire entanda kubanga mu nnaku ssatu mulisomoka omugga guno Yoludaani mulyoke mugabane ensi Mukama Katonda wammwe gy’abawa.’ ”
121:12 Kbl 32:20-22Yoswa n’agamba ab’ekika kya Lewubeeni, n’ab’ekika kya Gaadi n’ekitundu ky’ekika kya Manase nti, 131:13 Ma 3:18-20“Mujjukire omuweereza wa Mukama Musa kye yabalagira ng’agamba nti, ‘Mukama Katonda wammwe abawa ekifo eky’okuwummuliramu era alibawa ensi eno.’ 14Bakazi bammwe, n’abaana bammwe abato balisigala wano awamu n’amagana gammwe mu kitundu kino Musa kye yabawa edda ebuvanjuba w’omugga Yoludaani. Naye abasajja bammwe enkwatangabo nga bambalidde ebyokulwanyisa, bateekwa okubakulemberamu n’okubalwanirira, 151:15 Yos 22:1-4okutuusa baganda bammwe abo nabo Mukama lw’alibawa ensi eyo n’abatebenkeza. N’oluvannyuma mulikomawo mu kitundu kino Musa omuweereza wa Mukama kye yabawa emitala wa Yoludaani okwolekera ebuvanjuba.”
16Awo ne baanukula Yoswa nti, “Byonna by’otukalaatidde tunaabikola era tunaagenda yonna gy’onootusindika. 171:17 nny 5, 9Nga bwe twagonderanga Musa mu byonna naawe bwe tunaakugonderanga tutyo; Mukama Katonda wo abeerenga naawe nga bwe yabeeranga ne Musa. 18Buli anaajeemeranga ebigambo byo n’atabiwuliriza anattibwanga. Ddamu amaanyi, guma omwoyo.”
主對約書亞的吩咐
1耶和華的僕人摩西死了以後,耶和華對摩西的助手——嫩的兒子約書亞說: 2「我的僕人摩西已經死了,現在你和全體以色列人要準備渡過約旦河,到我要賜給你們的地方去. 3我已把你們腳掌將踏之地都賜給了你們,正如我對摩西的應許. 4從南部的曠野直到北部的黎巴嫩,從東部的幼發拉底大河直到西部的地中海,包括赫人居住的全境,都將是你們的領土. 5在你有生之年,沒有人能夠抵擋你.過去我怎樣與摩西同在,也必照樣與你同在,我必不離開你,也不丟棄你. 6你要剛強勇敢,因為你要帶領這些人佔領我起誓賜給他們祖先的土地. 7你只要剛強勇敢,謹遵我僕人摩西所吩咐你的一切律法,毫不偏離,就可以無往不利. 8你要常常誦讀這律法書,晝夜不斷地思想,以便謹遵律法書上的一切指示.這樣,你必亨通,順利. 9我再次吩咐你,要剛強勇敢!不要害怕,也不要灰心,因為你無論走到哪裡,你的上帝耶和華必與你同在.」
10於是,約書亞吩咐民眾的首領說: 11「你們要走遍全營,吩咐大家預備好食物.因為三天之內,你們就要過約旦河,去佔領你們的上帝耶和華賜給你們的土地.」
12約書亞又對呂便支派,迦得支派和瑪拿西半個支派的人說: 13「你們要牢記耶和華的僕人摩西吩咐你們的話,他說你們的上帝耶和華要把約旦河東面的土地賜給你們,讓你們安居. 14你們的妻子兒女和牲畜可以留在約旦河東岸摩西分給你們的土地上,但你們當中所有的勇士要帶著兵器先過約旦河,幫助你們的弟兄. 15要等到你們的上帝耶和華使你們的弟兄像你們一樣得到祂所賜的土地,安居以後,你們才可以回到約旦河東,在耶和華的僕人摩西分給你們的土地上定居.」 16他們回答約書亞說:「凡你命令我們的,我們一定遵行.無論你派我們去哪裡,我們一定去. 17我們在一切的事上怎樣服從摩西,也必照樣服從你,願你的上帝耶和華與你同在,像與摩西同在一樣. 18任何人違抗你的命令,不照你的吩咐去做,都要被處死.你要剛強勇敢!」


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Amawulire
Kyagulanyi ayanukudde bannaKenya abamuneya
Ivan Ssenabulya
October 19th, 2021
Bya Ivan Ssenabulya
Akulembera ekibiina kya National Unity Platform, Robert Kyagulanyi asabye banne bwebavuganya gavumenti okubeera obum.
Bino webijidde nga wabaddewo okuvumagana ku mikutu muyunga bantu, wakati wabawagizi ba NUP naba Dr Kiza Besigye eyakoze ekisinde ekigenda okujjako gavumenti ngokulonda kwa 2026 tekunatuuka ekya Peoples Front for Transition.
Bano babadde belumiriza obunanfuusi, nga bayombera ekifo kyokulembera abavuganya gavumenti.
Kati kyagulanyi amanyidwa nga Bobi Wine abadde ku NTV nagamba nti okwesojja kuswaza mu bantu bebakulembera.
Kino aabye kikome, kubanga agambye nti omukulembeze wegwanga yakifunamu.
Besigye eyakavuganya ku bukulembeze bwegwanga emirundi 4, munna FDC wiiki ewedde yavuddeyo nasaba Bobi Wine amwetondere mu lujudde, olwebivumo ebibadde biva mu bawagizi be.
Mungeri yeemu Kyagulanyi avuddeyo okwogera, oluvanyuma lwabannaKenya ku mitimbagano ababadde bamunenya olwokukunga obwagizi eri omubaka wa Embakasi East Babu Owino.
Banna-Kenya ku twitter bagamba nti omubaka ono, mumenyi wamateeka eyetaba mu kulwanagana mu bbaala wabulanga kati nate avuganya addemu okulondebwa mu kulonda kwa bonna mu 2022.
Kyagulanyi bweyabadde mu Kenya mu gandaalo erya sabiiti yakunze abantu balonde Owino, nga yamwogeddeko nti mulwanirizi waddembe.
Wabula agambye nti Babu Owino yakyusibwa wewaawo ngabakulembeze era batekeddwa okuvunayizbwa ku bikolwa byabwe.


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Kitalo!
Abantu 9 bafiiridde mu Kabenje ku luguudo lw’e Bombo 5 nebalumizibwa byansusso. Omwogezi w’ekitongole kya Uganda Police Force ekikola ku bidduka ASP Faridah Nampiima avuddeyo nategeeza nga Poliisi y’okukyalo Sinalya, e Kalule ku luguudo oluva e Kampala okudda e Gulu mu Disitulikiti y’e Luweero bweyategeezeddwako olunaku lw’eggulo ku kabenje akafiiriddemu abantu ku ssaawa nga munaana n’eddakiika 10.
Motoka bbiri okwabadde Toyota Hiace nnamba UBD 850J, ne UAH 316P, Isuzu Elf bwezatomereganye oluvannyuma lwa Takisi nnamba UBD 850J eyabadde ewenyuuka obuweewo okwabika omupiira ngeserengeta mu kisenyi ky’e Sinalya neremerera omugoba waayo neyefuula netomeregana ne ELF naye neyefuula. Abasabaze nga kuliko abakyala 7 n’omwami omu bebafiiriddewo mbulaga mu Takisi ng’omukyala omulala yafudde atwalibwa mu Ddwaliro e Mulago.
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Omuntu
Abantu (Humans).
Omuntu oba abantu "ensolo kalimagezi"(Intelligent animal). Mu takisonoma y’ebiramu, omuntu ali mu:
(i) bwakabaka bwa wansolo,
(ii)Ettabi lya luyansa (mammal),
(iii)Omutendela gwa bamuntunsolo (primates),
(iv)Olubu lw’omuntu “(genus homo),
(v)Ekikula (sipiisa) kya “Omuntu kalimagezi” (homo sapiens), the intelligent man.
Omuntu nsolo magulu abiri (bipedal animal ), ekitegeeza nti atambulila ku magulu abiri. Alina obwongo obukulaakulanye okumusobozesa okukozesa olulimi okwogera, okutondeka ebirowoozo, n’okufuga embeela ze ez’obuntu ( controling emotions).
Obwongo buno mwe muva “obusobozi bwa mulengela” (mental abilities) ate obutakozesa mikono ng’atambula kimusobozesa okukozesa “ebikola” (tools) obutafaanana sipiisa (kikula) ndala yonna.
Mu mutendela gw’ensolo oguyitibwa “bamuntunsolo” (primatees”) omuntu naye mw’ali era mwe musangibwa amazike agali okumpi ennyo n’omuntu. Omuntu okufaanana ne bamuntunsolo abalala, nsolo ntabaganyi . Bamuntunsolo bonna babeela mu bibinja, okuyambagana n’okwewa obukuumi, n’okulabirira ebito byabwe kyokka omuntu okuba omutabaganyi ne muntu munne kye kimufuuka omuntu ensolo y’ebyenfuna , ensolo y’ebyobufuzi ate era ensolo entabaganyi.


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Kkooti enkulu ewuliriza emisango gyaba kalintalo erangiridde olunaku lwokusatu nga 28 September,2022 wiiki ejja, okuwa ensala yaayo ku kyokugatta fayiro z’omisango 2 egivunaanibwa ababaka ba parliament Allan Ssewannyana ne Mohammed Sseggirinya.
Bqnnamateeka b’ababaka bano okuli; Erias Lukwago, Medard Ssegona ne Shamim Malende baasaba kkooti enkulu okugatta fayiro zino nti kubanga emisango gyonna egiri mu fayiro zino gyegimu.
Fayiro emu eyaleetebwa mu kkooti enkulu e Kampala, eriko emisango gy’obutemu n’obutujju egyazzibwa e Masak, ate endala eyasigala e Masaka eraga emisango gy’obutemu egyazzibwa mu District ye Lwengo.
Bannamateeka bagala emisango gino gibavunaanibwe omulundi gumu, era nga giri ku fayiro emu.
Kyokka omuwaabi wa Government Richard Birivumbuka ekyokugatta fayiro zino akigaanye, ng’agamba gikwata ku misango gya njawulo, era omulamuzi Komuhangi Khauka kwekutegeeza nti w’akuwa ensala ku nsonga eno wiiki ejja.
Bannamateeka b’ababaka okuli Erias Lukwago ne Shamim Malende bagambye nti buno bukodyo bwa ludda luwaabi kukuumira bantu babwe mu nkomyo, nga singa kooti ewa ensala ku misango egiri ku fayiro emu, ate basigala bakyawerennemba n’emisango egiri ku fayiro endala.
Ababiri bano bavunaanibwa emisango egyekuusa ku ttemu ly’ebijambiya ebyali mu bitundu by’e Masaka ne Lwengo mu makati g’onwaka 2021.
Bisakiddwa: Mpagi Recoboam


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Olubereberye
Essuula 48
Awo olwatuuka oluvannyuma lw'ebyo ne bagamba Yusufu nti Laba, kitaawo alwadde: n'atwala naye abaana be abasajja bombi, Manase ne Efulayimu.
2 Ne bagamba Yakobo nti Laba, omwana wo Yusufu ajja gy'oli: Isiraeri ne yeekakaabiriza, n'atuula ku kitanda.
3 Yakobo n'agamba Yusufu nti Katonda Omuyinza w'ebintu byonna yandabikira e Luzi mu nsi ya Kanani, n'ampa omukisa,
4 n'aŋŋamba nti Laba, ndikwaza, ndikwongera, ndikufuula ekibiina ky'amawanga; era ndiwa ezzadde lyo eririddawo ensi eno okuba obutaka obw'emirembe n'emirembe.
5 Ne kaakano abaana bo abasajja bombi, abaakuzaalirwa mu nsi y'e Misiri nga sinnakujjira mu Misiri, bange; Efulayimu ne Manase banaabanga bange, nga Lewubeeni se Simyoni.
6 N'ezzadde lyo, ly'onoozaalanga oluvannyuma lw'abo, linaabanga liryo: banaatuumibwanga erinnya lya baganda baabwe mu busika bwabwe.
7 Nange, bwe nnava mu Padani, Laakeeri n'anfaako mu nsi ya Kanani mu kkubo, nga wakyaliyo ebbanga ddeneko okutuuka ku Efulasi: ne mmuziika eyo mu kkubo erigenda e Efulasi (ye Besirekemu).
8 Isiraeri n'alaba abaana ba Yusufu, n'ayogera nti Bano be baani?
9 Yusufu n'agamba kitaawe nti Be baana bange Katonda be yampeera wano. N'ayogera nti Baleete, nkwegayiridde, nange naabasabira omukisa.
10 Era amaaso ga Isiraeri gaali gazibye olw'obukadde, n'okuyinza teyayinza kulaba. N'abamusembereza; n'abanywegera n'abawambaatira.
11 Isiraeri n'agamba Yusufu nti Nali sirowooza kulaba maaso go: era, laba, Katonda andabisizza n'ezzadde lyo.
12 Yusufu n'abaggya mu maviivi ge wakati; n'avuunama amaaso ge.
13 Yusufu n'abakwata bombi, Efulayimu n'omukono gwe ogwa ddyo awali omukono ogwa kkono ogwa Isiareri, ne Manase n'omukono gwe ogwa kkono awali omukono ogwa ddyo ogwa Isiraeri, n'abasembeza gy'ali.
14 Isiraeri n'agolola omukono gwe ogwa ddyo, n'agussa ku mutwe gwa Efulayimu, ye muto, n'omukono gwe ogwa kkono ku mutwe gwa Manase, ng'atereeza emikono gye ng'amanyi; kubanga Manase ye yali omubereberye.
15 Nasabira Yusufu omukisa n'ayogera nti Katonda wa bajjajja bange Ibulayimu ne Isaaka gwe baatambuliranga mu maaso ge, Katonda eyandiisanga ennaku zange zonna okutuusa leero,
16 malayika eyannunula mu bubi bwonna, awe omukisa abalenzi; n'erinnya lyange lituumibwenga ku bo, n'erinnya lya bajjajja bange Ibulayimu ne Isaaka; era bafuuke ekibiina ekinene wakati mu nsi.
17 Yusufu bwe yalaba nga kitaawe assizza omukono gwe ogwa ddyo ku mutwe gwa Efulayimu, n'anyiiga: n'asitula omukono gwa kitaawe okuguggya ku mutwe gwa Efulayimu okugussa ku mutwe gwa Manase.
18 Yusufu n'agamba kitaawe nti Nedda, kitange: kubanga oyo ye mubereberye; ssa omukono gwo ogwa ddyo ku mutwe gwe.
19 Kitaawe n'agaana n'ayogera nti Mmanyi, mwana wange, mmanyi: era naye alifuuka ggwanga, era naye aliba mukulu: naye omwana waabo ye alimusinga obukulu, n'ezzadde lye liriba mawanga mangi.
20 N'abasabira omukisa ku lunaku olwo, ng'ayogera nti Mu ggwe Isiraeri anaasabanga omukisa, ng'ayogera nti Katonda akufuule nga Efulayimu ne Manase: Efulayimu n'amusoosa Manase.
21 Isiraeri n'agamba Yusufu nti Laba, nfa: naye Katonda anaabanga wamu nammwe, alibazza nate mu nsi ya bajjajja bammwe.
22 Era nkuwadde ggwe omugabo gumu okusinga baganda bo, gwe nnaggya mu mukono gw'omu Amoli n'ekitala kyange n'omutego gwange.


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Ekigoberero kya Akimeedizi
Ekigoberero kya Akimeddezi (the Archimedes' Principle)
Kyekuusiza ku mpalirizo eziteekebwa ebitengejjeso ku bintu ebiba byetoloolodde ebitengejjeso(fuids).Empalirizo eno eba eteelkeddwa ku kintu ekendeeza obuzito bwakyo nga kiri mu kitengejjeso, ka kibe kikulukusi oba ggaasi. Ekigoberero kya Akimeddezi kye ki ?
Buli lw’obuuzibwa ki ekireetera eryato okutengejja , ansa eba “ntengejjeso”('buoyancy).
Empalirizo y’ekitengejjo(Buoyant force) eba mpalirizo y’ekitengejjeso esindika ekintu waggulu .
Lumu Akimeeddezi yayingira mu bbaafu erimu amazzi n’akizuula nti amazzi agaali mu baafu gaalinnya.Yakizuula nti gye yakoma okuyingiza omubiri gwe mu bbaafu y’amazzi, amazzi gye gaakoma okulinnya.
Kino kitegeeza nti obubangirivu (volume) bw’omubiri gwe gwe yayingiza mu bbaafu bwali bulina okuseetula(to displace) amazzi asobola okugya mu baafu .N’olwekyo ekiseetuko(displacement) mu mbeera eno kibaawo nga ekintu kiseetula ekitengejjeso (Fuid) kisobole okubugaana obubangirivu ekitengejjeso mwe kibadde.
Emmeeri
Emmeerei ennwanyi ekolebwa mu sitiiru ate nga okimanyi bulungi nti sitiiru tatengejja .Yo emmeeri ey sitiiru esobola etya okutengejja .
Naye okiraba nti emmeeri ebaamu obubangirivu obukalu (empty volume) . Singa obubangirivu buno obujjuzaamazzi, emmeeri eba ezitowa nnyo okusingawo .Mu butuufu eba ezitowa nga emmeeri yonna wamu .
Obuzito bw’amazzi agajjuza emmeeri eno buba bwe bumu b’emmeeri yonna ‘ ekitegeeza nti amazzi gateeka empalirizo ey’ekitengejjo ( buoyant force ) n’empalirizo eyo yonna .Kino kye kireetera emmeeri eya sitiiru okutengejja . Kyesatuza ya AyisiSinga oba oteeka kyesatuza ya ayisi mu giraasi y’amazzi, kyesatuza etengejja kubanga amazzi gasinga ayisi obukwafuwavu(water is more dense than ice).
Ekigoberero kya Akimeddezi n’olwekyo kigamba nti:
Ekintu kynna ekitengejja kiseetula obuzito bwakyo bwennyini obw’ekitengejjeso (Any floating object displaces its own weight of fluid ).
Ku bintu ebitengejja oba ebibbidde ekitundu mu ggaasi n’ebitengejjeso , ekigoberero kya akimedezi kiyinza okunnyonnyolwa n’empalirizo(forces) :
Ekintu ekibbidde nu mazzi kyonna oba nga kibbidde kitundu , kiba kitengejjebwa okudda waggulu(is buoyed up ) olw’empalirizo eyenkana obuzito bw’entengejjeso eseetuddwa ekintu .
Ekintu okubbira obubangirivu bw’ekitengejjeso ekiseetuddwa buba bwenkana obubangirivu bw ‘ekintu kyennini .Bya Muwanga