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Omwishiki w’emyaka 13 agweire omumaizi yaafa bwanyima y’enjura y’amaani kugwa omu disiturikiti ya Rubanda. Ogu abaire agyeire kushenya enku.
Poriisi yaagira ngu Hildah Orishaba obaire ari omwegi, abaire naatuura n’ishe, Justus Rushagunga ow’emyaka 45 omutuuzi wa cell ya Nangalo omu tauni kanso eya Hamurwa omu disiturikiti eya Rubanda.
Poriisi yaagira ngu omugyenzi agenzire na nyina Beatrice Nyakarungi shaaha 8 z’eihangwe omukibira kushenya enku.
Abeereebeire n'agaabo bagambeire poriisi ngu nka shaaha 12:30, abatuuzi bagambeire ishe ngu omuhara atwaire omucungiro gw’amaizi bwanyima y’enjura y’amaani egweire omukyanga eki.
Omubiri gwe gureebirwe ahamucungiro gw’amaizi omu tauni kanso eya Hamurwa nikwo kumanyisa poriisi.
Poriisi ebaire ekuriirwe ASP Bonny Echonga bahikire ahamwanya ogu nikwo kwiha omutumbi omumaizi.
Omutumbi gutwaire omu k'abafu kukyeberwa.


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Olina okwewala okukozesa akaweke akajamu olubutto ewaka wo nga olubutto luwezeza sabiiti ezisuka mu 13; bwobanga omubiligwo gwantondo eri mifepristone oba misoprostol; bwoba olina obuzibu kubulamu bwo nga obuzibu bwo omusaayi okukwata; oba okakasa oba omanyi nti olubutto luli wabweru wa nabaana.
Olina okwewala okukozesa akaweke akajamu olubutto ewaka wo nga olubutto luwezeza sabiiti ezisuka mu 13; bwobanga omubiligwo gwantondo eri mifepristone oba misoprostol; bwoba olina obuzibu kubulamu bwo nga obuzibu bwo omusaayi okukwata; oba okakasa oba omanyi nti olubutto luli wabweru wa nabaana.
Ekibanja kumutimbagano kino kiyinza okwagala obulondoola abakozesa n'empereeza endala y'abakwasaganya okukola obulungi. Osobola okusoma Enkola n'Obukwakulizo bwaffe n' Emitendera gy'Okukuuma Ebyama . Okusigala ng'okozesa ekibanja kino, oba otuwa okukkiriza kwo okukola kino.

robotstxt: allowed

filter: keep


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Nze leero nkubukinze…
Kendeeza overtime, onyongere more time
Tubeere ko ng'abalala, mu mukwano ogwegombesa
Enzikiza ekwate, enkuba nebweyiika
Akasana nekekyanga, teli kija kutwawunkanya
Buli kadde obeera busy, n'esimu onyiga busy
Gwe nongamba mbeere easy, hmm, bambi kyusa mu
Kati ndeese strategy mpya, amagezi nsaze ga wakayima
Okukubukinga mu budde, ne calender yo ngyefuge
Kati mikwano gyo gigambe, eyo gyonoba wodda, nze leero nkubukinze…
Abakutwalira obudde, honey bateeke ko quota, kuba leero nkubukinze…
Bweba flight, mbukinze air ticket
Nasabye front seat, nga nkooye okusiba ekira
Gwe nkufudde pilot, mu nyonyi eyaffe tuli babiri
Abalala tubalaba bulabi, kati tubeere eyo mu bire
Ebibadde bikunemesa, emilimu gyo n'emikwano
N'abawala abakusumbuwa, ehh… bagambe leero
Kati mikwano gyo gigambe, eyo gyonoba wodda, nze leero nkubukinze…
Abakutwalira obudde, honey bateeke ko quota, kuba leero nkubukinze…
Baby nkumeetinga okooye (olusi mbouncinga)
Time table yo ngikooye (kuba mba nkumissinga)
Mpa akadde akamala, okubeera nawe kyenjagala
Silina mulala, yenze mukyala wo kuva lwewasalawo
Nkusaba kyusa plan zo, olwa leelo njagala mbe wuwo
Nesunze dda okukulaga kubyendina wo, nkubukinze…
Kati mikwano gyo gigambe, eyo gyonoba wodda, nze leero nkubukinze…
Abakutwalira obudde, honey bateeke ko quota, kuba leero nkubukinze…
Kati mikwano gyo gigambe, eyo gyonoba wodda, nze leero nkubukinze…
Abakutwalira obudde, honey bateeke ko quota, kuba leero nkubukinze…


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Ekidd.: Byebyo, ebirabo byange bye ndeese gy’oli Ddunda,
Ggwe Lugaba nnyini byo x2
Okukulaga nga bwe nsiima,
Ebirungi by’ompa nze omwavu, ng’oli wa kisa Ddunda.
Bass Tenor: Ebirabo byange bye ndeese,
Ggwe Lugaba nnyini byo,
Nga bwe nsiima, nze omwavu,
Ng’oli wa kisa Ddunda.
1. Nnaakuddiza ki Ggwe Ddunda?
Nnaakuddiza ki Ggwe annyambye?
Ka ntoole ku byongabira, ka ntoole, ku by’oku nsi
Mbikuddize nange nkwewa, nze ndi wuwo.
2. Nnaakuddiza ki Ggwe Ddunda?
Nnaakuddiza ki nze omwavu?
Ka ndeete omugaati guno ka ndeete eno evviini,
Evudde mu nsi eno eyaffe gye tulimye.
3. Nnaakuddiza ki nze ekiggya?
Nnaakuddiza ki leero nze?
Ka ntoole ku byongabira, ka ndeete byonna byonna,
Nkuwa kati obulamu obwange NZE NDI WUWO.
4. Nnaakuddiza ki Ggwe Ddunda?
Nnaakuddiza ki Ggwe antonda?
Ka ndeete ebyokuyita, ka ntoole Ggwe by’ompadde,
Mbikuddize nange nzuuno, NZE NDI WUWO.
5. Nnaakuddiza ki nze nange?
Nnaakuddiza ki Ggwe ankuuma?
Ka nnyimbe nze gw’ogabira, ka ntende Ggwe by’ompadde
Laba kati nange nkwewa, NZE NDI WUWO.
DOWNLOAD LINK:
BY’EBYO EBIRABO BYANGE


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- Dagara India Kurani Mali Olubereberye Seychelles Tswana Zulu acawunti akawuka amalaalo butuukirivu ddungi nyo ebirimu eby’obuyonjo ekifo awaterekebwa ebisolo ekilooto emabega enfundikira engero entandikwa ettaka ettelekero janzi kibooko kukuza kuteekamu sente kuwaliriza kwerarikirira kyokka loole lutti mugatte munna byʼabufuzi mwenda nte ennume nyaguwa obusatu obuwulize okubuguma kw'ensi okujuliza okwanukula olubilio olubira olugendo omufirosoofo omuganzi omujaaja omukoddomi omusawo omwaalo pikipiki
- Akra Amarinya Amerika Benini Chewa


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Ebyobulamu
Ebbugumu likendeeza emikisa gy’okuzibikira emisuwa egili mu binywa
rmuyimba
February 5th, 2013
Abakugu bakizudde nti omuntu bw’abeera mu kifo ekilimu ebbugumu kikendeeza emikisa gye egy’okuzibikira emisuwa egili mu binywa. Okunonyereza kuno kwakoleddwa ku bakyala emitwaalo 20 mu ggwanga lya America. Abakugu bakizudde nti kino kiyinza okuba nga kiva ku kirungo kya vitamin D ekisangibwa mu musana. Wabula […]
Uganda y’akulwanyisa omuze gw’okukecula abakyala mu mbugo
rmuyimba
February 5th, 2013
Uganda ebaze ku lutalo lw’okulwanyisa omuze gw’okukecula abakyala mu mbugo. Bino bizze ng’eggwanga lyeteekateeka okukuza olunaku oluvumirira ekikolwa kino olugenda okukwatibwa olunaku lw’enkya. Minister omubeezi akola ku byobuwangwa, Rukia Nakadama agamba nti abakyala abali mu bukadde 120 beebakeculwa buli mwaka ku lukalu lwa ssemazinga wa […]


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Luganda
Radoje Domanović (Mukutulansanja 16, 1873 – Muwakanya 17, 1908) yali muwandiisi omu Sabiya, munnamawulireera omusomesa, eyasingibwa okumanyikibwa olw’engero ze ezisomooza.
Radoje Domanović yazaalibwa mu kyaalo ekya Ovsište mu masekati g’ggwangalya Sabiya. Yatikkibwamu ssomero eKragujevac, mu Fakaluteya Philosophy ku ttendekero lya Belgrade Univasite, gyeyali asomera olulimi oluSabiya n’emisomo gy’ebyafaayo. Okuva mu 1895 mpaka mu 1898 Domanović yakola nga omusomesa w’olulimi OluSabiya n’ebyafaayo mu maserengeta ga Sabiya.
Mu biseera byeyali omusomesa, yatandika okuwandika engero ze ez’obuliwo. Mu biseera byeyali agolagana n’ab’oludda oluvuganyi, yafiirwa omulimu gwe era nagenda mu Belgrade n’amaka ge. Mu Belgrade, weyatandikira ogw’obunnamawulire mu bibinja by’obufuzi eby’enjawulo nga abawandiikira ebitabo eby’obufuzi nengero ezisomooza era nga omwo mweyayanjaliza obulyake n’obulimba obw’abakulembeze. Radoje yatandika okumanyibwa ennyo weyatongoza engero ze eziyitibwa “Omukulembeze” (1901) ne “Stradija“ (1902). Yamanyikibwa nyo nga omu ku bawakanya ekisinde ekya Obrenović n’obukulembeze bwabwe, olwensonga nti yali teyeluma ntama.
Oluvanyuma lw’amaje okuwamba entebe mu 1903, Domanović yawebwa obubaka okuva mu kitongole eky’eby’okusoma, wamu nne gavumenti empya, era nga bamukiliza okugenda mu Gerimani okusoma eby’obukugu okumala omwaka gumu era nga yagumalira mu kibuga kya Munich. Bweyadda eSabiya, eky’ennaku enyingi Radoje teyasanga nkyukakyuka yonna mu ggwanga. Awo weyatandikira okuwandika akatabo ke ak’obufuzi akayitidwa, “Stradija”, nga omwo mweyavumilira obutalibwenkanya ne demokulase ennafu eya gavumenti empya, nga wadde okuwandika kwe teyakussaamu maanyi nga eddako.
Radoje Domanović yafa nga ebulayo dakika asatu okuwela mukaaga ogw’ekiro mu mwezi gwa Muwakanya 17, 1908, ku myaka gya 35, oluvanyuma lw’ebbanga nga alwanyisa ekirwadde kya lubyamira n’akafuba. Ebitabo ebilala byeyawandika ebitaali bitongoze byabulira mu ssematalo w’ensi yonna eyasooka. Olw’omulimu gweyakola ogw’okulwanyisa obulyake, n’amagezi ge, ajjukibwa nga omuwandiisi omuSabiya asingayo mu mulembe ogw’amakumi abiri.
Ebimu ku biwandiko bya Radoje Domanović biteredwa wano wammanga:
- Okusanyizibwaawo kw’amaddu, 1898
- Enyanja enfu, 1902
- Omuzimu, 1898
- Omulangira Marko, mumassekati g’abaSabiya ogw’okubiri, 1901
- Endowooza y’ente ennume, eya Sabiya, 1902
Ebiwandiko ebivunnudwa
Pulojekiti ya “Radoje Domanović” elabiridwa Vladimir Živanović, yinjiniya ow’omulembenga era anyumirwa ebyalitulicha, nga omulamwa gwe gwakufuusa ebiwandiko by’omuSabiya Radoje Domanović okubizza mu ngeli ya digitookusobozesa abasomi munsi ez’enjawulo okubyetuusako n’okubisoma mu lulimi oluSabiya oba nga bivunnudwa mu nnimi zabwe ez’ekinnansi az’enjawulo. Olugero luno luvunnudwa kulwa Pulojekiti eno era lutongozeddwa wanno omulundi ogusooka:
- Omukulembeze (1–2–3), 1901
Kulwa Pulojekiti ya “Radoje Domanović” nga evunnudwa Kwagala Peace mu lulimi oLuganda.
[Contents of this biographical reference page were written for the “Radoje Domanović” Project with the goal of promoting the life and works of the famous Serbian satirist, Radoje Domanović, and are released into public domain. Editor]


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Ekibuuzo
Esaala zange ziyinza zitya okuddibwamu?
Okuddamu
Abantu bangi bakkiriza nti asaala okuddibwamu kitegeeza Katonda kubawa ebyo ebimusabiddwa. Ebisabiddwa bwebitaweebwa oyo asabye, abantu abo bakirabanga nga esaala etaddiddwaamu. Wabula ntegeera nkyamu ey’esaala. Katonda addamu esaala buli saala esabiddwa.Ebiseera ebimu Katonda addamu ne “Nedda” oba “Lindako.” Katonda asuubiza okuddamu esaala zaffe singa tusaba okusinziira mu kwagala kwe. “Era buno bwe bugumu bwe tulina eri ye, nti bwe tusaba ekintu nga bw'ayagala, atuwulira: era bwe tumanya ng'atuwulira buli kye tusaba, tumanyi nga tulina ebyo bye tumusabye.” (1 Yokaana 5;14-15).
Kitegeeza kki okusaba okunziira ku kwagala kwa Katonda?Okusaba okusinziira ku kwagala kwa Katonda kitegeeza kusaba ebintu ebigulumiza era ebiweesa Katonda ekitiibwa oba/era okusaba ebyo Bayibuli byeraga nga kwekwagala kwa Katonda. Bwetusaba ekyo ekitagulumiza Katonda oba ekitali kwagala kwa Katonda eri obulamu bwaffe, Katonda taja kutuwa ebyo byetusabye. Tumanya tutya okwagala kwa Katonda? Katonda asuubiza amagezi bwetugasaba. Yakobo 1:5 egamba, “ Naye oba ng'omuntu yenna ku mmwe aweebuuka mu magezi asabenga Katonda atamma awa bonna so takayuka; era galimuweebwa.” Ekifo awalungi awokutandikira wali mu 1 Abasessaloniika 5:12-24, eraga ebintu ebiri mu kwagala kwa Katonda gyetuli. Gyetukoma okutegeera ekigambo kya Katonda, gyetukoma okumanya kki eky’okusabaira (Yokaana 15:7). Gyetukoma okumanya biki eby’okusabira, Katonda gyakoma okudamu esaala zaffe ne Yye!
English
Esaala zange ziyinza zitya okuddibwamu?


text:
N’ebya Kate Atuzarirwe.
Kisoro
Dayosiisi eya Muhabura omuri Kisoro yaarangirira okuronda Biishopu omusya bwanyima ya Biishopu Cranmer Mugisha kumanyisa ba memba b’orukiiko orwa Synod omu butongore ku arikuza kuhuumura.
John Tereraho yaagiira ngu Biishopu agambire ku arikwenda kuhuumura omu rukiiko rwa Synod orw’obureberezi orubaireho nyomwabazyo omu disiturikiti eya Kisoro.
Tereraho yaagiira ngu Biishopu Mugisha omu butumwa bwa abagiizire ngu akagambaho ahanshonga y’okwenda kuhuumura n’owabaireho Akiibishopu w’ekanisa ya Uganda Henry Luke Orombi owamwemekiire kuba Biishopu.
Orukiiko orwa Synod rutooraine Counsel Ernest Mushime Sendeya kuba Chancellor w’obureberezi obu. Kandi Sendeya naija kweebembera akakiiko k’abantu 15 abarikwija kutoorana amaziina g’abantu babiri ab’obureberezi obu omumaisho g’enju yaaba Biishopu.


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Omuntu Lyrics - Lydia Jazmine & Sheebah
INTRO:Nzize kusomesa agawalayi, nsaba teg'okutu yenze Queen Sheeba, Jazmine asomesa walayi, side soft, TNS.. SHEEBAH:Ekitonde kyebayota omuntu, omuntu, ekisolo kyebayita omuntu, omuntu.. Omuntu aja nakulimba bwalese plani enakuzimba, ebinyo nobitunda naye eno akubala bwakutunda, omuntu kyekimera ekitetaga mirandir'okumera, omuntu wambeera kyemanyi buli muntu nemberaze, aba n'obugamb'obuwomu (true) Kabe mulokol'oba musiramu(so true) tagendeka mwanadamwoyo emitima bayina najasadamu! CHORUS(together):Katonda yatond'omuntu, yatond'omuntu, dala yayiy'omuntu, yayiy'omuntu *2LYDIA JAZMINE:Nalabangako Jane mumukwano ogwakabi ne Ben, Ben yasubiza Jane nti embaga elibera ku meeri, hmm, nti mukwanjula, abazade alibagulira benzi, Jane yatabuka naduka ne kubaawe nanti atunulira benzi, eeh, benzi teyagifuna nembaga Jane emeeri teyagilaba, lwakimanya nti Ben gweyatomera tayina nasente obwaavu bweyatomera, yadayo ewabwe gyeyakulira, alima lumonde ewabwe gyeyakulira, eeh, oyo ye muntu, mutaayi tozanyisa muntu... SHEEBAH & JAZMINE:Akugamba 'first cut is the deepest ' nti yegwe eyasooka alisembayo kubanga 'yo realest'.. Eh, omuntu bwakunyumya negyemuva, olowoza akulaga gyemulaga, muntandikwa ayogera nemuseka olowoza alikuwa nobusika, mumikwan'egyo mwebekweka, fesi ezo ezimwenya, tolowoza nti abamwenya, Teri lunaku lwali kusiima.. CHORUS to end..
Lydia Jazmine
902,879
800,174


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Amawulire
Abakadde bakyali batono abagemeddwa
Ivan Ssenabulya
October 14th, 2021
Bya Ritah Kemigisa
Minisitule yebyobulamu, tegezezza nga bwegenda okutandika okutondawo ebifo omugemerwa senyiga omukambwe, ebyangu eri bantu abakadde.
Ebibalo biraga nti abakadde, atenga bebaasinga okulubirirra mu ntekateeka yokugema 1.7% abali mu myaka 50 bokka bebakageebwa doozi okugwayo.
Minisita webyobulamu Dr Ruth Aceng agambye nti baazudde nga wabaddewo okweyongera nokuyayaana mu bavubuka okugemebwa, atenga abakadde tebajumbidde.
Kati ku basomesa emitwalo 50 bebalubirirra okugema, 19.4% bokka bebakagemebwa doozi okugwayo.
Bbo abasawo 34% nabakuuma ddembe 19% bebagemeddwa.
Ssentebbe owolukiiko lwabanasayansi, olwa Covid Scientific Advisory Committee, oluwabula gavumenti mu kulwanyisa ssenyiga omukambwe Dr Misaki Wayengera omuwendo gwabantu abatono abakagemebwa, akitadde ku kasoobo engeri entekateeka yonna bwekwatiddwamu.


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2 Bassekabaka
Essuula 24
Ku mirembe gye Nebukadduneeza kabaka w'e Babulooni n'ayambuka, Yekoyakimu n'afuuka omuddu we emyaka esatu: awo n'alyoka akyuka n'amujeemera.
2 Awo Mukama n'amusindikira ebibiina eby'Abakaludaaya n'ebibiina eby'Abasuuli n'ebibiina eby'Abamowaabu n'ebibiina eby'abaana ba Amoni, n'abasindika ku Yuda okugizikiriza ng'ekigambo kya Mukama kye yayogera n'omukono gw'abaddu be bannabbi.
3 Mazima ekyo kyajjira Yuda lwa kiragiro kya Mukama, okubaggya mu maaso ge olw'okwonoona kwa Manase nga byonna bwe byali bye yakola;
4 era n'olw'omusaayi ogutaliiko musango gwe yayiwa; kubanga yajjuza Yerusaalemi omusaayi ogutaliiko musango: Mukama n'atayagala kusonyiwa.
5 Era ebikolwa ebirala byonna ebya Yekoyakimu ne byonna bye yakola tebyawandiikibwa mu kitabo eky'eby'omu mirembe gya bassekabaka ba Yuda?
6 Awo Yekoyakimu ne yeebakira wamu ne bajjajjaabe: Yekoyakini mutabani we n'afuga mu kifo kye.
7 Awo kabaka w'e Misiri teyeeyongera nate kujjanga okuva mu nsi ye: kubanga kabaka w'e Babulooni yali alidde byonna ebyabanga ebya kabaka w'e Misiri okuva ku kagga ak'e Misiri okutuuka ku mugga Fulaati.
8 Yekoyakini yali yaakamaze emyaka kkumi na munaana bwe yatanula okufuga; n'afugira emyezi esatu mu Yerusaalemi: n'ennyina erinnya lye yali Nekusita muwala wa Erunasani ow'e Yerusaalemi.
9 N'akola ebyali mu maaso ga Mukama ebibi nga byonna bwe byali bajjajjaabe bye baakolanga.
10 Mu biro ebyo abaddu ba Nebukadduneeza kabaka w'e Babulooni ne bambuka e Yerusaalemi, ekibuga ne kizingizibwa.
11 Nebukadduneeza kabaka w'e Babulooni n'ajja eri ekibuga, abaddu be nga bakyakizingiza;
12 Yekoyakini kabaka wa Yuda n'afuluma n'ajja eri kabaka w'e Babulooni, ye ne nnyina n'abaddu be n'abakungu be n'abaami be: kabaka w'e Babulooni n'amukwata mu mwaka ogw'omunaana kasooka alya abwakabaka.
13 N'aggyamu eby'obugagga byonna eby'omu nnyumba ya Mukama n'eby'obugagga eby'omu nnyumba ya kabaka, n'atematema ebintu byonna ebya zaabu Sulemaani kabaka wa Isiraeri bye yakola mu yeekaalu ya Mukama nga Mukama bwe yayogera.
14 N'atwalira ddala Yerusaalemi kyonna n'abakungu bonna n'abasajja bonna ab'amaanyi abazira, abasibe kakumi, ne baffundi bonna n'abaweesi; tewali abaasigalawo wabula abo abaasinga obwavu ku bantu ab'omu nsi.
15 N'atwala Yekoyakini e Babulooni; ne nnyina kabaka ne baka kabaka n'abaami be n'abakulu ab'ensi n'abatwala e Babulooni nga basibe ng'abaggya e Yerusaalemi.
16 Era abasajja bonna ab'amaanyi, kasanvu, ne baffundi n'abaweesi, lukumi, bonna ba maanyi nga basaanidde okulwana, abo kabaka w'e Babulooni n'abatwala e Babulooni nga basibe.
17 Awo kabaka w'e Babulaoni n'afuula Mataniya muganda wa kitaawe kabaka mu kifo kye, n'awaanyisa erinnya lye n'amutuuma Zeddekiya.
18 Zeddekiya yali yaakamaze emyaka amakumi abiri mu gumu bwe yatanula okufuga, n'afugira emyaka kkumi na gumu mu Yerusaalemi: ne nnyina erinnya lye yali Kamutali muwala wa Yeremiya ow'e Libuna.
19 N'akola ebyali mu maaso ga Mukama ebibi nga byonna bwe byali Yekoyakimu bye yakola.
20 Kubanga kyatuukirira mu Yerusaalemi ne mu Yuda lwa busungu bwa Mukama okutuusa lwe yamala okubagoba mu maaso ge: Zeddekiya n'ajeemera kabaka w'e Babulooni.


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Okuluŋŋamizibwa
- Obeeranga munyiikivu okumanya embuzi zo bwe ziri, Okeberanga nnyo ente zo:- Engero Proverbs 27:23
- Kubanga Mukama Katonda bw'ayogera bw'ati nti Laba, nze mwene, nze ndinoonya endiga zange, ne nzibuuliriza.- Ezekyeri Ezekiel 34:11
- Nze nnasiga, Apolo n'afukirira; naye Katonda ye yakuza.Kale bwe kityo asiga si kintu, newakubadde afukirira; wabula Katonda akuza.- 1 Abakkolinso 1 Corinthians 3:6, 7
- Ng'ekisa kya Katonda bwe kiri kye nnaweebwa, ng'omukoza w'abazimbi ow'amagezi n'asima omusingi; n'omulala n'azimbako. Naye buli muntu yeekuumenga bw'azimbako.- 1 Abakkolinso 1 Corinthians 3:10
- Oba nga ffe twabasigamu eby'omwoyo, kya kitalo ffe bwe tulikungula ebyammwe eby'omubiri?- 1 Abakkolinso 1 Corinthians 9:11
- Naye kye njogedde kino nti Asiga entono, alikungula ntono; era asiga ennyingi, alikungula nnyingi.- 2 Abakkolinso 2 Corinthians 9:6
- Era bye wawuliranga gye ndi mu bajulirwa abangi, ebyo biteresenga abantu abeesigwa, era abalisaanira okuyigiriza n'abalala.- 2 Timoseewo 2 Timothy 2:2
- mulundenga ekisibo kya Katonda ekiri mu mmwe, nga mukirabirira si lwa maanyi naye lwa kwagala, nga Katonda bw'ayagala so si lwa kwegombanga amagoba mu bukuusa, naye lwa mwoyo;- 1 Peetero 1 Peter 5:2


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Ebitukwatako (About ttunda)
Tukwaniriiza nyini ddala ku ttunda Classifieds, era weebale otukyalirako n’okwagala okumanya ebitukwako. ttunda yatandiikibwawo nekigendererwa eky’okugonzaamu engeri ba nna yuganda gye bayinza okuttunda ebintu byabwe ebipya n’ebyo ebikozessedwaako.
Ssi ekyo kyokka nno, tukimanyi nti abeemikwano bangi balina ebintu byabwe bye beettaaga okulangirira eri ababaliranye nti ob’olyaawo bandibaako ny’ebyo bye bayinza okwaagala.
Nnolweekyo, ttwatandiikawo omukuttu oguyinza okubayamba okutteeka bye baagala eri ba nna yuganda banaabwe. Ggamba ebintu nga; ebyo ebikozesedwako, abanoonya emirimu n’abeettaaga abakozi, ettaka, amaffuriggi, TV, ebiiduka ggamba nga amamotoka, piki piki , n’ebirala ebri ng’ebyo.
Engeri ey’Okozessaamu ttunda Classifieds
Okukozessa omukuttu ogwa ttunda classifieds ssi kizibu. ky’olina okukola kwekukola ebintu bino wamanga:
- Okuggulawo akawunti yo ng’okozessa yimeyiro yo okwewandiisa
- Bwomala ng’onyigga epeesa eliri wansi wa plofayiro yo elirambikiddwako “ttunda kati”
- Bwomala ng’owandiika ebikwaata kw’ekyo ky’oyagala okulangirira
- Bwomala, ng’onyigga epeesa elirambikidwako “Kittekeyo kati”
Kyangu nyo era nawe osobola okyeekolera!
Ebitukwatako Ebikulettera Okutwesiga
Bantu abali emabega w’omukuttu guno bategerera ddala engeri ebirango eby’okuyintanetti gy’ebikolamu. Ekintu kino, ttukibaddemu okumala emyaka nga ttukolera emikuttu emirala. Ttukoledde egimu ku mikuttu egissingayo munsi yoona ggamba nga; Kijiji, Gumtree, 2ememain, ne Ebay. Laba wano wamanga ebimu kw’ebyo by’oganyulwa ng’okozesa omukuttu gwa ttunda:
1. Obukuumi
Okuttunda ebintu ku yintanetti kujjudde obuffere, obulyaake, n’obuyaye. Bwo kozesa omukuttu ogutafaayo ku nsonga nga zino, oyinza omalirizza ng’obiddwa. Wano ku ttunda, abakozi baffe battendeke bulungi era basiiba beekenenya ebittekebwa ku mukuttu.
Nnolwekyo, oyinza okujja ku mukuttu gwaffe nobumattivu nti waliyo abagukuuma
2. Ennimi
Ttukimanyi bulungi nti oluzungu abamu ttelubagendera bulungi, kino ttekisaanide okulemesa okulangirira eby’obyo by’oyagala ba nna yuganda balabe. Oyinza okutteekayo ebintu byo muluganda oba muluzungu. n’Ennimi endala tujja genda tuzongerako mpola mpola.
3. Abalabi Bali ku Mulirwano
Abakozesa omukuttu gwaffe ba nna yuganda banno. Tteri muntu atteekayo ekirango nga tali wawanno mu yuganda mpozi ng’atutukiridde neyeyanjula era netukakasa nti ddala talina kigendererwa kikyamu. Kale nolweekyo, oyinza okuttukirira oyo atteeseyo ekirango ng’olimukakaffu nti okusisinkana ssi kwambiriggo.
Zzino ze zimu ku ngeri zzoganyulwaamu ng’okozesa omukuttu gwa ttunda okulangirira ebyo by’oyagala ba nna yuganda bano okumanya. Awatali kubusa busa, ttukimanyi nti ojjakunyumirwa okukozesa omukuttu guno.
Weebale nyo okutwala obudde bwo n’ossoma ebitukwatako. Kale owomukwano, ttolinda kati, tteekayayo ekirango kyo otandiike okuffuna abaguzi! Ntwalayo kati!


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Ekidd.: Ayi Katonda Omu kkiriza, omugaati n’evviini eno
Ssiima bino ebirabo byaffe, biibyo ebiva mu bantu bo.
1. Tukuweereza Emissa eno, ffe nga tujjukira Yezu oyo
Bwe yatambira, n’okuzuukira ng’avudde mu ntaana oyo
N’okulinnya eyo gy’oli Ggwe mu ggulu.
2. Tukuweereza Emissa eno, ffe nga tujjukira bw’oganza
Ffenna abantu bo, kuba olw’abantu wateesa afe
Omwana, gwe wazaala Yezu oyo omu ati yekka.
3. Tukuweereza Emissa eno, ffenna tuwanjaga gy’oli eyo ffe
Tusaasire, twasobya mu bingi Ddunda olw’ekyejo,
Ggwe tuwe enneema ey’okuva mu nsobi.
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AYI KATONDA OMU KKIRIZA


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Buganda
Buganda bwe Bwakabaka bw'Abaganda mu Uganda.
Ebyafaayo[kyusa | edit source]
Buganda erina ebyafaayo bingi ebiviira ddala eyo mu mirembe egy'edda ennyo. Ssekabaka eyasooka Kato Kintu ye yagireetera okwegatta awamu eyo mu kyasa eky'ekkumi n'ebina, era nga ye yatandikawo ennono y'Abaganda bazzukulu ba Kintu. Buganda yagenda yeeyongera amaanyi n'efuukira ddala obwakabaka obumu ku businga obunene n'okuba obw'amaanyi mu buvanjuba bwa Afirika wakati w'ekyasa eky'ekkumi n'omusanvu n'ekyekkumi n'omwenda. Mu biseera by'obufuzi bw'amatwale, Buganda yagezaako okulwana obutaggyibwako bwetwaze naye Abangereza ne bagisinza amaanyi. Bwe kityo nno Buganda yafuulibwa entabiro y'obufuzi bw'amatwale mu Uganda mu mwaka gwa 1894. Erinnya Uganda, mu Luswayiri eritegeeza Buganda Abangereza lye baasalawo okuyita ettwale lino. Mu bufuzi obw'amatwale Abaganda bangi baafuna obwami obw'okuba ababaka b'abafuzi b'amatwale mu bitundu eby'enjawulo era Buganda yayitimuka nnyo mu kulima ppamba n'emmwanyi.
Oluvannyuma lwa Uganda okufuna obwetwaze mu mwaka gwa 1962, obwakabaka bwa Buganda bwawerebwa Ssaabaminista wa Uganda omubereberye Obote mu 1966. Oluvannyuma wajjawo obufuzi obubi ku mulembe gwa Obote ne nnaakyemalira Idi Amin n'emyaka egy'okweyawulayawulamu mu kibiina ekiri mu bukulembeze ekya National Resistance Movement ekikulemberwa Yoweri Kaguta Museveni, akulembedde eggwanga erya Uganda okuva mu 1986 era nga ye yazzaawo obwakabaka mu butongole mu mwaka gwa 1993. Kaakano Buganda bwakabaka obutambulira ku bukulembeze obw'ennono era nga bulina obwetwaze obw'ekigero okuva ku gavumenti eya wakati. Kizibu okwogera ku by'obufuzi mu Uganda n'otoyogera ku bugulumbo wakati wa gavumenti eya wakati n'ey'e Mengo.
Okuva obwakabaka lwe bwaddizibwawo mu 1993, Ssaabasajja Kabaka Ronald Muwenda Mutebi II y'abadde alamula Obuganda na guno guliko. Ye Kabaka ow'amakumi asatu mu omukaaga mu lubu lwa Bassekabaka ba Buganda. Nnaabagereka aliko ye Maama Sylvia Nagginda.


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EMISANGO GY’EBYOKULONDA: Kkooti egobye ogwawawabirwa Joel Ssenyonyi
Kkooti enkulu mu Kampala egobye omusango gw'okulonda ogwawaabwa Mukesh Shukla nga awakanya obuwanguzi bwa munna NUP Joel Ssenyonyi ku kifo ky'omubaka wa Nakawa West. Ono yali ayagala Ssenyonyi aggyibwe mu palamenti nga amulanga okwekobaana n'akakiiko k'eby'okulonda nebakola emivuyo mu kalulu. Omulamuzi Isaac Muwata talabyewo bujulizi buyinza kuluma Ssenyonyi bw'atyo omusango n'agugoba n'alagira ne Shukla okuliyirira munne gweyawaaba.


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ABEERA WA OMUKYALA (Mr. Joseph Kyagambiddwa)
Ekidd: Abeera wa Omukyala,
Alituzaalira mu nsi Omununuzi ani?
Ndimusanga wa?
Mbu sso e Nazareti ewaabwe
Baamulangako ab’edda Nnamasole
Nti: Aliba Maria! (x2)
I II
Bannange, tusanyuke nnyo Katonda Mukama
Twesiimye, bagandaa bange Kabaka ow’eggulu
Mbadde anaatera okuzaalwa Ali mu lubuto wuuli Kristu mw’aliva
ffe n’atuzaalirwa. (x2)
Ekidd: Nkowoola Maria Maama gwe nzirinngana,
Yezu k’anseze mbenga muddu we.
Ngenze e Nazareti, sidde
Gwenzirinngana Yezu k’antwale ne mmuweereza!
Bwe ngenda ewuwe, sizaaye
Nja kulokola, anti olwo nze nja kuzaawuka (x2)
Nkwagala nkole ntya gwe balinnanga!
Nkwagala nkole ntya (x2)
Ekidd: Anandaga omutiibwa, mwana muwala ye ani?
Katonda nsinze, nze ne mmusinzizza
Mu nda ye, Omulindwa Yezu
Mmwagala kuyinga owaffe Omulokozi
Azaalwa Maria (x2)
I II
Yezu Omwana wa Katonda Katonda Mukama
N’afuuka omutonde azaalwe Kabaka ow’eggulu
Y’azze anaatera okuzaalwa Ali mu lubuto wuuli Kristu mw’aliva ffe n’atuzaalirwa (x2).
Ekidd: Ew’omukyala nkyadde, nnamaga mmusange
Ate oluvannyuma mbe, mbenga n’omuto
Ng’azadde Maria Omwana, ne mbaweerezanga eri
E Nazareti bo nga nnyamba Maria! (x2)
I II
Gwe nninda, laba nkulinde Katonda Mukama
Nninda ggwe mulindwa wange Kabaka ow’eggulu
Bwa ddi obudde obw’okuzaalwa Ali mu lubuto wuuli Kristu mw’aliva ffe n’atuzaalirwa. (x2)
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KKOOTI ya LDC e Makerere eyise Ssenkulu wa National Unity Platform NUP, Robert Kyagulanyi Sentamu abitebye butya bwe yayingira ettendekero lye Makerere, natuuka n’okufunayo Diploma mu kuyimba, amazina n’okuzannya emizannyo.
Kino kiddiridde munnamateeka Male Mabirizi okuddukira mu kkooti nateekayo omusango nga agamba nti e Makerere Kyagulanyi yayingirayo mu bukyamu.
Mabirizi agamba nti Kyagulanyi era eyavuganyako ku ntebe enkulu eye Ggwanga bwe yayingirira e Makerere nga 21October 2000 yalina emyaka 20 gyokka, kyokka nga ekisinga okwewunyisa yayingirira kun kola eya Mature Entry (Okusoma kwa bantu abakulu) kyagamba nti kino kikontana n’amateeka agafuga ettendekero lye Makerere aga 1999-2000 ne 2000-2001agagamba nti omuntu yenna okuyingira okusoma mu nkola eyaterwawo abantu abakulu olina okuba nga ekitono ennyo oli wa myaka 25, oba omuntu yenna eyakoma okusoma emyaka 5 emabega.
Ku lw’okubiri omulamuzi wa kkooti ento ku LDC yawerezza Kyagulanyi ekiwandiiko ekimuyita mu Kkooti abeeko byanyonyola ku nsonga zino, omuli n’okufuna ebiwandiiko mu bukyamu nga 7 October 2021 ku ssawa mukaaga ogw’emisana
Mu kkoti Mabirizi yatwalayo empapula ezilaga engeri Kyagulanyi gye yafunamu ekifo e Makerere mu mwaka gwa 2000 ku nkola y’okusoma kwa bakulu (Mature Entry) kyokka nga mu kiseera ekyo yali tanaweza myaka 25 nga amateeka bwe gaali gagamba
Do you have a story in your community or an opinion to share with us: Email us at editorial@watchdoguganda.com


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Olubereberye 44 LCB – मत्ती 44 NCA
Ekikopo kya Ffeeza Kibula
144:1 Lub 42:25Awo Yusufu n’alagira omuweereza mu nnyumba ye nti, “Jjuza ensawo z’abasajja emmere nga bwe basobola okugyetikka, era oteeke ensimbi za buli omu mu nsawo ye. 2Era oteeke ekikopo kyange, ekya ffeeza, mu kamwa k’ensawo ya muto waabwe, wamu n’ensimbi ze ez’okugula emmere.” N’akola nga Yusufu bwe yamugamba.
3Emmambya eba evaayo abasajja ne basiibulwa n’endogoyi zaabwe. 444:4 Zab 35:12Bwe baali baakava mu kibuga Yusufu n’agamba omuweereza we nti, “Golokoka obagoberere bw’obatuukako obabuuze nti, ‘Lwaki musasudde ekibi olw’ebirungi? Lwaki mubbye ekikopo kyange ekya ffeeza? 544:5 Lub 30:27; Ma 18:10-14Mu kino mukama wange si mwanywera, era si kyalaguza? Mu ekyo mukoze bubi.’ ”
6Bwe yabatuukako n’abategeeza ebigambo ebyo. 7Ne bamugamba nti, “Mukama waffe lwaki ayogedde ebigambo ebyo? Olowooza tuli bantu ba ngeri ki abayinza okukola ekintu ng’ekyo? 844:8 Lub 42:25; 43:21Laba, ensimbi ze twasanga ku mimwa gy’ensawo zaffe twazikuddiza okuva mu nsi ya Kanani, kale twandisobodde tutya okubba ffeeza oba zaabu okuva mu nnyumba ya mukama wo? 944:9 Lub 31:32Oyo gw’onookisanga nakyo mu ffe abaddu bo, afe, era naffe tuliba baddu ba mukama wange.”
10N’abaddamu nti, “Kale kibeere nga bwe mwogedde, oyo anaasangibwa nakyo abeere muddu wange, naye abalala mu mmwe tewaabe abaako ky’avunaanwa.” 11Amangwago buli omu nassa ensawo ye wansi n’agisumulula. 1244:12 nny 2N’alyoka abaaza ng’asookera ku asinga obukulu okutuuka ku asembayo obuto; ekikopo ne kisangibwa mu nsawo ya Benyamini. 1344:13 Lub 37:29; Kbl 14:6; 2Sa 1:11Awo ne bayuza engoye zaabwe, buli omu n’atikka endogoyi ye, ne baddayo mu kibuga.
Baganda ba Yusufu Bamuvuunamira
1444:14 Lub 37:7, 10Yusufu yali akyali mu nju, Yuda ne baganda be bwe baatuuka gy’ali, ne bagwa mu maaso ge ne bamuvuunamira. 1544:15 nny 5; Lub 30:27Yusufu n’abagamba nti, “Kiki kino kye mukoze? Temumanyi nti omuntu ali nga nze asobola okuvumbula kye mukoze?”
1644:16 a nny 9; Lub 43:18 b Lub 43:2Yuda n’addamu nti, “Tunaddamu ki mukama wange? Tunaayogera ki? Oba tuneggyako tutya omusango? Katonda avumbudde obwonoonyi bw’abaddu bo, laba tuli baddu ba mukama wange, ffenna, ffe n’oyo asangiddwa n’ekikopo.” 17Yusufu n’addamu nti, “Ekyo sijja kukikola, wabula oyo asangiddwa n’ekikopo, y’anaaba omuddu wange, naye mmwe mwambuke mirembe, mutuuke eri kitammwe.”
Yuda Yeegayirira olwa Benyamini
1844:18 Lub 18:30; Kuv 32:22Awo Yuda n’alaga eri Yusufu n’agamba nti, “Ayi mukama wange nkusaba omuddu wo abeeko kyayogera gy’oli, n’obusungu bwo buleme kubuubuuka eri omuddu wo; kubanga oli nga Falaawo yennyini. 1944:19 Lub 43:7Mukama wange yabuuza abaweereza be nti, ‘Mulina kitammwe oba muganda wammwe?’ 2044:20 a Lub 37:3 b Lub 37:33 c Lub 42:13Ne tuddamu mukama wange nti, ‘Tulina kitaffe, musajja mukulu, ne muganda waffe atusinga obuto, omwana gwe yazaala mu bukadde bwe, ne muganda wa muto waffe, yafa; muto waffe yekka y’aliwo, eyasigalawo yekka ku baana ba nnyina; era kitaawe amwagala nnyo.’
2144:21 Lub 42:15“N’olyoka ogamba abaddu bo nti, ‘Mumundeetere, mmulabeko.’ 2244:22 Lub 37:35Twategeeza mukama wange nti, ‘Omulenzi tayinza kuva ku kitaawe, kubanga bw’amuvaako, kitaawe alifa bufi!’ 2344:23 Lub 43:5N’oddamu abaddu bo nti, ‘Muto wammwe bw’ataliserengeta nammwe, temugenda kulaba maaso gange.’ 24Bwe twaddayo eri omuddu wo kitaffe, twamutegeeza ebigambo ebyo, mukama wange. 2544:25 Lub 43:2Kale kitaffe bwe yagamba nti, ‘Muddeeyo mutugulire ku mmere,’ 26ne tumuddamu nti, ‘Tetusobola kuserengeta. Muto waffe bw’atagenda naffe tetujja kugenda kubanga tetusobola kulaba maaso ga musajja oli nga muto waffe tali naffe.’
2744:27 Lub 46:19“Awo omuddu wo, kitaffe n’atugamba nti, ‘Mumanyi, mukazi wange yanzaalira abaana abalenzi babiri; 2844:28 Lub 37:33omu yambulako, ne njogera nti mazima yataagulwataagulwa; era siddangayo kumulaba. 2944:29 Lub 42:38Bwe muntwalako n’ono, akabi ne kamutuukako, muliserengesa envi zange emagombe nga nkungubaga.’
3044:30 1Sa 18:1“Kale kaakano, bwe nzirayo eri omuddu wo kitange ng’omulenzi tali naffe, obulamu bwe nga bwe bunyweredde ku bw’omulenzi, 31bw’anaalaba ng’omulenzi tali naffe, ajja kufa, n’abaddu bo baliserengesa envi z’omuddu wo kitaffe emagombe ng’akyakungubagira omwana we. 3244:32 Lub 43:9Kubanga omuweereza wo yeeyimirira omulenzi eri kitange; nga ŋŋamba nti, ‘Bwe sirimuzza gy’oli ndiba n’obuvunaanyizibwa n’okunenyezebwa ennaku zonna ez’obulamu bwange.’
3344:33 a Lub 43:18 b Yk 15:13“Kale kaakano nkwegayirira, omuddu wo nsigale ng’omuddu wa mukama wange, mu kifo ky’omulenzi; omulenzi omuleke addeyo ne baganda be. 3444:34 Es 8:6Kale n’addayo ntya eri kitange ng’omulenzi tali nange? Ntya okulaba akabi akayinza okutuuka ku kitange.”


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1. Ayi mukama otendebwe kitaffe(ffe) watutonda
Ggwe agaba obulamu.
Nga wayoleka amaanyi go omuyinza
Ddunda boganza bakutende nnyini.
Otumbidde ddala waggulu eyo mu bwa katonda bwo obutaggwawo
Otumbidde ddala waggulu eyo, mujje tumwebaze ye mukama waffe.
- Tukuwa ettendo ffenna wamu mu nnyimba
Ffenna (bolyoye) bolyoye na bonna eyo gyoli ( mu ggulu)
Bikuyimba ggwe ebyokunsi ebitonde, anti ggwe ofuga (ggwe ofuga) bye watonda enkumu.
- Ndi musanyufu nga sirina kudaaga (ga)
Woli siijule ggwe omulungi bwotyo
Lwe nnakuyita mu bizibu kitange,
Wajja nonnyaqmba kankutende ssebo
- Ayi mukama abbana bo abalonde twebaza (ssebo) ssebo
Ggwe atuganza bwotyo ngotuganza
Nga wayamba ffe ne tugoba siaani, (tuyitwa baana)
Tuyitwa baana be walyowa ssebo.
- Mwoyo mukama mutukirivu omutendwa (ndwa)
Patri ne mwana mwenkanye ettendo
Ggwe wabituwa
Ebitone byo mu bungi
Wajja newafe otuule ggwe mu ffe.


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(Chorus X2)
Embeera zo ekisibye emikisajjo mbereazo X2
Kyuusa embeera embeera eneyisa yo.
Aka lero njagala kagende ewoyo mukwano gwo.
Oyo atudde wotudde era agamba ndi wuwo.
Tonaba kuwangula era agamba oneday tou will be. Aseka nawe era nga muli akulaga oneday you will be. X2
Ekiri muttu ( tomanyi)
Ekiri mumutwe gwe (tomanyi)
Oyagala bakuwe lwaki obera omukodo ate.
Oyagala bisima lwaki otuulira ebyamunno wo.
Eryo etima munda mwo
Kyuusa embeera zo
Yagaliza muno wo nawe anakwagalizanga.
(Chorus)
Ono yangamba anjagala nyo era mutwale nejenkolera.
Byenkola bimunyumira nyo era’yala mbi musomese.
Gwenasomesa yalinga byayiga ayagala abinsomese. X2
Era omwaka bwegwayita yalowoza bya gwa yo bya ayiga.
Oyagala bakuwe lwaki obera omukodo ate.
Oyagala bisima lwakyi otuulira ebyamunno wo.
Eryo etima munda mwo
Kyuusa embera zo
Yagaliza muno wo mukama ana kuyiira emikisa…
(Chorus)
Money money money
Money money money X2
money money money butwa atazirina agabira azirina obutwa.
Omuntu omuntu omuntu omuntu X2
Money money money butwa atazirina agulira azirina obutwa
Oyo gwoyamba
Tewesanga nga yakusamba…
(Chorus ….. till fed out)


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For Luganda click here.
In early 2016, people across the United States became aware of a new threat—Zika virus. A New York Times article that April featured a description of the discovery of Zika virus in “a remote Ugandan lab” in the 1940s.[1] But while that story acknowledged the contributions of scientists in Uganda, it mistook the laboratory in question, the Ugandan Virus Research Institute (UVRI), for a “remote” place when in fact it was, and is, a major center for virus research. Indeed, while the processes that led to the isolation of Zika virus have been detailed many times (first in the scientific publications that announced its discovery and preliminary epidemiological and clinical findings in the 1940s and 1950s, and more recently in retrospective accounts following the outbreaks in Latin America), these accounts have largely omitted the institutional context in which Zika was first discovered.
Such accounts have obscured the legacies of institutional investment, personal dedication, and professional commitment that led to the Zika virus and many other discoveries, the importance of which may not yet be fully appreciated. Moreover, while retrospective accounts have celebrated the European and North American scientists credited with Zika’s discovery, they have largely ignored the Ugandan scientists who continued the tradition of virological and entomological investigations in Entebbe, ensuring the survival of the institute and its records, knowledge, and resources.
In this post, we offer a different account of Zika virus, one in which its discovery is an entry point into a broader history of the UVRI and the people who worked there. In doing so, we combine autobiographical and historical narrative, drawing on our experience as an entomologist who has worked at the UVRI since 1965 (Mukwaya) and as a historian who has studied the history of virus research in Uganda (Cummiskey).
Over the years, the institution where Zika was discovered has been known by several names, including the Yellow Fever Research Institute, the East Africa Virus Research Institute (EAVRI), and finally, the UVRI. We discuss the work that allowed the UVRI to survive the transition to Ugandan independence, the violence of successive authoritarian regimes, the devastation of a Civil War, and the imposition of economic austerity measures. The evolution of the UVRI from an imperial and colonial institution to a regional cooperative venture to a national institute with partnerships across the world has been the result of strategic positioning and a record of excellence in research. The historical context of the institution that discovered Zika virus shows that when global institutions invest in long-term, stably funded institutions around the world, they produce unanticipated dividends, such as the discovery of Zika virus. As North American and European governments limit or cut funding to overseas scientific research and training, it is important to reflect on what that funding has achieved in the past. The UVRI’s commitment to creating and curating important data about viruses that, like Zika, travel from “remote” Ugandan forests to the metropolises of Southeast Asia, the Americas, and Europe, illustrates what the global community stands to lose when governments divest from such institutions.
The 2016 New York Times article described researchers in the 1940s “stumbling” onto the Zika forest and its “petri dish” of viruses. In one sense, this was the case. No one had been looking for Zika virus. But the research that the field workers were conducting in Uganda was systematic, deliberate, and very well-funded. In 1936, the Rockefeller Institution’s International Health Division reached an agreement with the colonial government of Uganda to establish a laboratory on the banks of Lake Victoria to study yellow fever. Yellow fever was one of the most feared epidemic diseases in colonial Africa, and the recent discovery of its presence in East Africa raised fears that it might cross the Indian Ocean, infecting the heretofore unaffected Indian subcontinent and wreaking havoc on imperial trade. The Yellow Fever Research Institute was created to establish the limits of yellow fever endemicity, the animals involved in its transmission, and the environmental factors that dictated its spread. Among other things, this involved collecting hundreds of thousands of mosquitos.
The career of the first Ugandan scientist to work at the UVRI offers a case study in the ways that international support for institutions like the UVRI built capacity to tackle both known and unanticipated problems related to virus research. Louis Mukwaya’s career illustrates the value of work done by Ugandan scientists and the continencies that shape what we know and don’t know about Zika and related viruses.
In 1965 Alexander J. Haddow, director of the EAVRI and one of the scientists credited with discovery of the Zika virus, retired and moved back to his native Scotland. In August of that same year, Mukwaya joined the staff of the institute as its first Ugandan scientist. Mukwaya was born in 1939 in the Luweero District of central Uganda in a village called Kangavve. He developed an interest in studying medicine and pharmacy when, as a young boy, an herb applied by his auntie cured a serious swelling of his eyes that Western medicine had been unable to fix. In 1960, Mukwaya began a course in zoology at Makerere University College. Lectures by Peter Miller and Hugh Rowell, Cambridge University zoologists and in particular, Miller’s account of the tower in the Zika forest where scientists were studying the feeding behaviors of different species of mosquitoes—sparked Mukwaya’s interest in mosquito research and inspired him to take up a career in entomology.
Rowell assigned Mukwaya a special project: to develop a way to breed nsenene, the local grasshopper, in the laboratory—a feat that had thus far eluded scientists. Mukwaya’s success meant that entomologists could now study the mechanisms for color variation and other characteristics. This research ultimately led to an offer to join the EAVRI as a trainee entomologist in 1965. After Uganda gained independence from Great Britain in 1962, and expatriate employees of the colonial government were leaving the country, the EAVRI and similar institutions were in the process of “Africanizing” their scientific staff. By the standards of the time, the highly skilled Ugandans who had worked at the Institute for decades were not considered scientists, so Mukwaya became the first Ugandan scientist on the EAVRI staff.
Both local experience and international support was vital to the EAVRI’s survival during the political upheavals of the 1960s and 1970s in Uganda. In his first several years at the EAVRI, Mukwaya learned the techniques for collecting and identifying wild mosquitos from experienced technicians, including Yovani Ssenkubuge. Ssenkubuge was a veteran of entomological field work who had spent several decades at the Institute. He taught Mukwaya about managing his field staff and how to operate in the field. For his PhD, Mukwaya researched the genetic basis of Aedes simpsoni mosquitoes’ feeding preferences (this work was supervised by Rowell); this led to a 1973 postdoctoral fellowship at Princeton, funded by the WHO.
By the end of the fellowship, the political situation in Uganda, where Idi Amin had seized power from Milton Obote in a coup in 1971, had deteriorated to the point where Mukwaya’s supervisor at Princeton attempted to persuade him to stay in the United States. But Mukwaya was committed to his research on Aedes simpsoni, and needed to be in a place where the mosquitos could be collected. He returned to Uganda at the end of 1974 and kept a low profile. In 1976 the state of affairs in the country worsened, with Amin’s regime violently repressing real and imagined dissent across the country and with increasing commodity scarcities. In the span of two years, both the director and deputy director of the EAVRI fled the country. In 1977 Amin withdrew Uganda from the East African Community, the international body representing the governments of Uganda, Tanzania, and Kenya which oversaw the EAVRI. Only a skeleton staff of mainly technicians and junior staff remained at the nationalized and re-named Uganda Virus Research Institute. Under the circumstances, Mukwaya found himself appointed acting Director of the Institute.
Mukwaya’s management skills, learned from senior technicians at the EAVRI like Ssenkubuge and from his experience in international laboratories, were vital to the persistence of the Institute. If the UVRI had collapsed, its collection of perishable specimens, its institutional memory, and its potential for future renewal would have been irretrievably lost. Amin had directed that if the UVRI staff were to abandon the site, the institution would be turned into a military hospital or barracks. In order to prevent this eventuality, Mukwaya recruited scientists and technicians who had lost their jobs at other now-defunct East African Community institutions, with whom he kept the UVRI operating.
When war with Tanzania broke out in 1978, Mukwaya and his colleagues were unable to maintain a robust research program, but they kept the generators running with fuel supplied by sympathetic soldiers based at the airport in Entebbe. This preserved a collection of sera, virus isolates, and reagents that represented a rare, if not unique collection of raw material for arbovirus studies with unknown potential for future use in identifying and studying human disease. They also permitted a baseline level of research to continue. Because many people in the area feared being infected by viruses, the Institute escaped wartime looting.
International funding remained critical to Mukwaya’s work, and to the work of the UVRI more broadly, in the years following Amin’s regime. In 1979, after Amin had been deposed, the WHO funded another fellowship for Mukwaya to study at the University of Florida in Gainesville. In Gainesville, Mukwaya learned techniques in biological control and insect pathology with a view to setting up a laboratory for biological control of mosquitoes in Uganda. Mukwaya was also invited by the Body of Science and Technology for International Development (BOSTID) in Washington D.C. to attend a meeting on mosquito research and draw guidelines for determining strategies for developing countries. When he returned to Uganda, Mukwaya won a number of grants from BOSTID, which he used to equip his laboratory in Entebbe. That funding secured the UVRI’s first computer. Mukwaya’s international contacts allowed him to contribute resources to the institution whose survival he had helped to ensure in the previous decade. In 1984, the U.S. Academy of Sciences offered a grant to Mukwaya to spend six months at the University of Notre Dame to learn new techniques for Aedes simpsoni species differentiation. This knowledge enabled several subsequent BOSTID-supported projects in Uganda.
Investment in Mukwaya’s career by people in Uganda and abroad also served the interests of the broader community of people responsible for studying and controlling arboviruses. After returning to Uganda in 1981, Mukwaya started collaborating with colleagues in the United States to study microbes pathogenic to mosquito larvae—research which continues today. When a yellow fever outbreak occurred in Nigeria in 1987, Mukwaya was recruited as a WHO consultant to investigate the epidemic. While there, he collected Aedes mosquitoes from different parts of Nigeria which he shipped to the Entebbe laboratory for future studies. His career has included work at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C. and collaborations with the scientists at the Vero Beach laboratories in Florida, the British Museum, and the Liverpool School of Medicine—ventures that resulted in publications and further avenues of investigation for him and his collaborators. In 2009, Mukwaya was honored by mosquito taxonomists who named a subgenus, Stegomyia (Mukwaya), for him in recognition of his contributions to medical entomology, especially knowledge of Aedes simpsoni.
Mukwaya understands his work as a continuation of a legacy in entomology and arbovirology started by the scientists who ran the Institute when Zika was discovered. When most of the research at the Institute was disrupted after the breakup of the East African Community in 1979 and during the War of Liberation that followed Amin’s overthrow, Mukwaya saw himself as a custodian of the Institute’s legacy. And when international attention to HIV/AIDS in Uganda led to vast international investments in AIDS-related projects at the UVRI in the late 1980s and 1990s, Mukwaya advocated for continued support for basic research in medical entomology and arbovirology, building on the foundations established in the 1930s and 1940s.
Mukwaya’s story, and those of the scientists who came before him at the UVRI and worked alongside him, illustrate how situating the production of medical knowledge outside the so-called west provides a new window on the history of international health. By profiling Mukwaya and other UVRI scientists of different generations, Cummiskey is working to understand how he and other scientists in Uganda understood, navigated, and shaped their relationships with international partners over several decades. This historical work aims to show that Ugandan scientists have been crucial to the production of knowledge about viruses and will be crucial to the continued growth of that knowledge. The histórias of these scientists suggest new ways of thinking about relationships between countries with resources to invest in global health programs and the countries in which those programs are implemented, such as Uganda. As Mukwaya’s story demonstrates, these relationships are complicated, and can have long-term benefits for all involved, though the Ugandan partners have historically struggled to receive proportionate recognition for their work. But as countries like the United States threaten to cut funding for institutions where these collaborations take place, both present and future expertise is jeopardized.
Mukwaya’s investment in training junior scholars has ensured a continuity of knowledge production in Entebbe. One of Mukwaya’s earliest trainees, Julius Lutwama, is now the assistant director of the institute. Another former trainee, John Paul Mutebi, works for the United States Centers for Disease Control. Mukwaya also worked to protect Zika Forest, with its 120-foot steel tower, from threats to cut it down for timber and redevelopment, work that was recognized by the NIH. Today, at the tower in the forest where Zika virus was first discovered, new work on the mosquitos responsible for disease transmission continues.[2]
Sustained investment in virus srveillance, research, and management is crucial to combatting diseases like Zika virus. As one journalist put it in 2016, “Uganda Discovered Zika Virus. And the Solution for It.”[3] Support for the institutions and careers of scientists based in Africa is a critical component of that solution. The World Health Organization, individual researchers affiliated with laboratories in the United States and the United Kingdom, and the government of Uganda have all supported Mukwaya’s career and made it possible for him to continue to create scientific knowledge and train junior researchers.
Zika virus is just one of many viruses whose discovery and rediscovery was made possible by people like Mukwaya, and failure to invest in these international research sites and the scientists that work there threatens to undermine the infrastructures that protect the global community from those viruses.
In a 1951 comment that seems remarkably prescient more than half a century later, a colonial official opining about the future significance of the institute noted, “The virus known as Mengo Myeloencephalitis [sic] was discovered during yellow fever surveys and was first regarded as a discovery of purely local interest. But further work in the United States of America and Entebbe and the correlation of the respective results now indicate a probable worldwide distribution of the virus although its epidemiological significance is still quite unknown.”[4] Like Mengo encephalitis virus, Zika virus started out as a local curiosity. But while Mengo has remained relatively obscure, Zika has certainly eclipsed its local origin. The story of the UVRI and the people that have worked there is a reminder that the world relies on such institutions to study those curiosities before they become global threats.
Notes
[1] Joshua Kron, “In a Remote Ugandan Lab, Encounters with Zika and Mosquitoes Decades Ago,” New York Times April 5, 2016.
[2] See, inter alia, M. Lukenge, J. Birungi, Jonathan Kayondo, Charles Masembe, and Louis G Mukwaya , “Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Gram Positive Entomopathogenic Bacteria Against the Major Malaria Vector Anopheles gambiae in Uganda,” International Journal of Mosquito Research 4,1 (2017): 50-57.
[3] Andrew Green, “Uganda Discovered the Zika Virus. And the Solution for it.” Foreign Policy 2016, http://foreignpolicy.com/2016/02/10/uganda-discovered-the-zika-virus-and-the-solution-for-it/
[4] Memorandum from Eric Horgan to the Administrator of the East African High Commission, n.d. [1951], UK National Archives CO 927/180/8.”
LWAKI WALIWO OBWETAVU OKUWA OBUYAMBI ERI UGANDA VIRUS RESEARCH INSTITUTE, AMAKA GA ZIKA?
Omwaka 2016 nga gutandika, entiisa yabuna egwanga lya America olwo’bulwadde obupya obuleetebwa akawuka ka zika virus. Mu mwezi ogwokuna ogw’omwaka ogwo, olupapula olututumufu olumanyiddwa nga New York Times lwafulumya ekiwandiiko ekyanyonyola okuvumbulwa kwa kawuka kano mu ka labalatole ke’balengezza nga akatono mu Uganda mu myaka gya’1940. Newankubadde nga ekiwandiko kino kyasiima emirimu gyabanasaayaansi mu Uganda, kyafebya obunene wamu nobukulu bwa labolatole eno kati emanyiddwa nga Uganda Virus Research Institute (UVRI), era eyebuzibwako mu nsi yona kubikwatagana nokunonyereza ku buwuka buno. Wadde nga emitendera gyo’kuzuula akawuka kano gyinyonyoddwa mu biwandiiko bingi, gyireseyo nnyo obukulu bwekifo akawuka mwekasoka okuzulibwa.
Ebiwandiiko bino tebigyeyo bukulu n’amanyi ga kitongole kino kyegatekamu mu kunonyereza, okwewayo kwassekinomu, nobunyikivu mu bakozi obwavirako okuzula kw’akawuka ka zika virus nokuvumbula okulala kunji nnyo. Obukulu bwabino byonna tebusiimidwa mu bujjuvu. Wabula ebiwandiiko bingi bisiimye nnyo banasaayaansi bebulaaya na’obomumambuka ga Amerika olwokuzuula akawuka ka zika virus. Abawandiisi bano tebaafaayo nnyo ku banasaayaansi ba Uganda abagenda mumaaso nokunonyereza ku buwuka buno awamu n’ensili ezibusasanya nga zilumye abantu. Bana’Uganda bano baalwana okulaba nga ekitongole kibelawo awamu n’obugagga bwa’kyo ngo’kwo kwotadde n’ebiwandiiko.
Olupapula lwaffe luno lugyayo okunyonyola okwenjawulo okw’okuzulibwa kwa zika virus, nga kugyayo ekifananyi ekigazi ku byafaayo bya UVRI n’abakoledemu. Mu kola kino tutadewamu ebikwata ku Louis Mukwaya ne’gyenvudde we, okusinzira ku bumanyirivu bwe nga’ omukugu mu’nsiri akoledde UVRI okuva 1965 n’omukyala Julia Cummiskey ng’omukuggu asomye ebyafaayo ebikwata ku kunonyereza ku buwuka bunno mu Uganda.
Mu myaaka egiyise, ekitongole ekyazuula zika virus, kimanyiddwa amannya agawerako nga mwe muli Yellow Fever Research Institute, East Africa Virus Research Institute (EAVRI) oluvanyuma nekiyitibwa UVRI. Nga tulambulula emirimu egiyimiriza wo UVRI okuva mu meffuga ga Uganda, entalo ezitatade ne byenfuna by’eggwaanga okubeera nga tebisobola kuwanirira mirimu. Okwo gatako olugendo lwokuva mu mefuga okudda ku buwereza bw’omukago gwa East Africa okutuuka ku kuwereza eggwanga nga batta omukago ne bitongole ebirala mu nsi. Ebyafaayo byekitongole ekyazuula zika biraga nti ensimbi bwezisigibwa mu bitongole nga bino ensi efuna ebinonogo ttoge. Mukiseera nga kino nga gavumenti za bamusiga nsimbi zikendeeza obuyambi, kyandibadde kikulu okwefumitiriza kumigaso ensimbi zebasiga kye zikoze mu bbanga eriyise. Emirimu gya UVRI gyekozze mu kunonyereza ku buwuka obunyunyusi n’endwadde ez’enjawulo giraga nti ensi yona okutwaliza awamu yejja okufiirwa singa gavumenti zabamusiga nsimbi zikendeeza ku buyambi.
Ekiwandiiko ekyafulumizibwa mu lupapula lwa New York Times mu 2016, kyalambika nga okuzulibwa kw’akawuka ka zika bwekutaali kugenderere. Newankubadde nga essira ku mulimu gw’okunoonyereza lyali ku musujja gwe’nkaka (yellow fever), naye entegeka eyakolebwa yali esobozesa okuzuula ebintu ebirala bingyi omwo nga mwemuli na’kawuka ka zika. Mu 1936 Rockefeller International Health Division yakiriziganya ne gavumenti ya Uganda era ne bakola endagaano okutekawo labolatole ku njegoyego z’enyanja Victoria, okunonyereza ku byomusujja gw’enkaka. Omusujja gunno ogwe’nkaka gwe gwali gusinga okutiissa ku ssemazinga wa Africa era bwe gwazulibwa mu East Africa, kyaletawo okutya nti obulwadde bunno buyinza okusala ssemayanja Indian ne busasana amawanga ga buyindi ne buzinggamya ebyobusubuzi byabafuzi bamatwale. N’olwekyo Yellow Fever Research Institute yatondebwawo okuziyiza okusaasana kwomusujja gwenkaka mu bisolo na byona ebiyinza okuyamba okusasaana okwo. N’olwekyo kyali kyetagisa okukwata enkuminenkumi z’ensiri okunonyamu obulwadde obwo
Emirimu gya munasaayansi, muna Uganda eyasooka okukola mu UVRI gituwa ekyokuyiga ng’obuyambi obuva ebweru bwebusobola okuyamba ebitongole nga UVRI okusomesa abakugu abasobola okukola ku bizibu ebimanyidwa n’ebyo ebitanamanyika ebikwatagana kukunonyereza ku buwuka bwa virus. Nga ekyokulabirako; tutunulira emirimu egikoleddwa Louis Mukwaya; gilaga emigaso gwe’mirimu egisobola okukolebwa banasaayaansi ba Uganda nokulambulula kwebyo byetumanyi ne ebitanamanyika ku zika virus ne ku viruses endala.
Mu 1965, Alexander J Haddow, senkulu wa EAVRI, era nga y’omu ku banasaayaansi abatenderezebwa okuzuula akawuka akanyunyunsi aka Zika, yawumula era nadayo mu nsi ye eya Scotland. Mu August w’omwaka ogwo era, Mukwaya yaweebwa omulimu mu kitongole kinno nga muna saayaansi eyasooka mu Uganda. Mukwaya yazalibwa mu 1939 ku kyaalo Kangave ekisangibwa mu distirikiti ya Luweero. Mukwaya yafuna ekinyegenyege ekyokusooma obusawo bwa bantu bweyalwaala eriiso nga akyaali muto senga we namujjanjabisa eddagala ly’ekinansi nawona so nga ate yasooka kujjanjabibwa ne ddagala ezzungu neriremererwa. Mu 1960, Mukwaya yatandika ku misomo gye ejjobukugu mu Zoology ku kasoszi ka bayivu emakerere. Abamu ku basomesa be baali Peter Miller ne Hugh Rowell okuva mu Cambridge University. Yayagala nnyo ebyasomesebwa’nga Miller naddala ku kuluma kwensiri ku kanaala mu kibira kya zika. Bino byasanyusa nnyo Mukwaya era nasalawo okusoma ensiri n’ebiwuka ebirala okutwalira awamu.
Rowell yawa Mukwaya pulojekiti ey’ozaaza ensenene mu labolatole ekintu ekyaali kisoomozeza banasaayaansi ebiseera ebyo. Obuwanguzi bwa Mukwaya mu kukola okunonyereza kunno kyasobozesa banasaayaansi okusoma engeri langi gyezikyukamu ne neeyisa yensenene okutwalira awamu. Okunonyereza kunno kwa muletera okwegata ku EAVRI asobole okubangulwa mu biwuka mu 1965. Uganda bwe yafuna obwetwaze mu 1962, abazungu abasinga badayo mu nsi yabwe n’ekitegeza nti EAVRI yalina kudukanyizibwa banansi. Okusinzira ku mbeera eyaliwo ebiseera ebyo, abamanyirivu abaali bakoleddeko mutendekero eryo okumala ebyasa baali tebatwalibwa nga bana-saayaansi. N’olwekyo Mukwaya nafuuka munasaayansi eyasooka mu Uganda mu kitongole kya EAVRI.
Obumanyirivu obwaliwo n’obuwagizi obwava mu bitundu ebirala by’ensi byali bikulu okuyimirizawo emirimu gya EAVRI wadde nga bwali budde bwakusomoza olwobutabanguko obutatade obwali mu gwanga wakati wa 1960 ne 1970. Mu myaka jje egyasooka, Mukwaya yayigirizibwa obukodyo bw’okukwata ensiri z’omunsiko. Omw. Ssenkubuge Yovani nga yali mukugu mu kukwaata ensiri era nga yomu ku bali baludde mu EAVRI ye yatendeka Mukwaya namuyigiriza n’engeri y’okuddukanya emirimu n’okulembera abakozi ebweru wa laboratole. Mukwaya mu kusoma kwe okwa PhD, yanonyereza ku buttonde bwe kika kyensiri Aedes simpsoni ne ngeri gye zelobozamu ebyokulya (genetics of feeding preference). Rowell yayamba nyo mu byokusoma kuno. Kino kyamutusa ku kweyongerayo okusoma postdoctoral mu Princeton University mu 1973 nga ayambibwa ekitongole ky’obyobulamu munsi yonna (WHO).
Mukwaya nga amaliriza okusoma, embeera y’obyobufuzi mu Uganda yali eyononese nga Idi Amin amaze okuwamba Obote mu 1971, kino kyaletera omusomesa we okwogerako naye oba yalisiimye okugira nga asigalako mu America. Naye Mukwaya yali yemalidde mu kunonyereza’kwe ku’nsiri Ae. simpsoni era nga yetaaga okubeera mu kifo wasobola okukunganya ensiri eyo; kwe’kukomawo mu Uganda mu 1974 neyekumira mu mbeera eyobutalaga buyivu bwe. Mu 1976 embeera yebyobufuzi muggwanga yali esajuse kumulembe gwa Amini nga ebintu ebikozesebwa mu bulamu obwabuligyo tebikyalabika. Mu banga erya emyaka ebbiri omukulembeze wekitongole (EAVRI) namuddirira badduka mu ggwanga. Mu 1977 Idi Amin yagya Uganda mumukago gwa East Africa ogwali gulabirira EAVRI. Abakozi abasiigalawo bali batono ate nga okusinga ba ddaala lya wansi. Mukiseera kyekimu erinnya ly’ekitongole lyakyusibwa nekifuuka Uganda Virus Research Institute (UVRI). Mumbeera eyo, Mukwaya yesanga ngalondeddwa okubeera senkulu wekitongole owekiseera.
Obukugu bwa Mukwaya mukukwasaganya emirimu bweyayiga okuva mu bakugu nga Ssenkubuge nokukolerako mu labolatole ezenjawulo ebweru w’eggwanga byali bya mugaso nnyo mukusigalawo kw’ekitongole kino. Singa ekitongole kino kyaggalawo, ebyali bikunganyiziddwa ebisobola okwonooneka, wamu n’ebyo ebyandibadde bijjukirwa ku kitongole era n’omukisa gwakyo okuzibwawo mu biseera ebijja kyandibadde tekikyasoboka. Amin yali awadde ebiragiro nti singa abakozi ba UVRI baali bonna badduse, ekifo kyandifuuliddwa eddwaliro lyamaggye oba nkambi ya maggye. Mu kugezaako okuziyiza kino Mukwaya yakomyawo abakozi abaali bafiiriddwa emirimo gyaabwe olwa Uganda okuva mumukago gwa East Africa era kino kyekyamba ekitongole okusigala nga kiddukanyizibwa.
Olutalo bwelwabalukawo ne Tanzania mu 1978, Mukwaya ne banne tebaasobola kukuuma mirimu nga gigenda mu maaso, naye baasobola okukuuma generata nga kweziri olw’amafuta agabawebwanga abasirikale ab’ekisa okuva ku kisaawe kyennyonyi Entebbe. Kino kyakuuma ekunganyizo ly’omusaayi n’obuwuka bwa viruses okwo kwosa ne’bikozesebwa mu labalatole ebitalabikalabika era ebyomugaso mu kunonyereza. Kino kyayamba okufuna entandikwa yokunoonyereza okwebiseera ebyomumaaso. olwokuba abantu bangi mu kitundu baali batya okufuna obulwadde obuva ku virus ezaalowoozebwanga nti ziri mu kitongole, bwekityo ekitongole bwekyawona okubbibwa (looting) mu biseera bye ntalo.
Obugabirizi bwa mawanga gebweru bwasigala nga bukulu nnyo mu mirimo gya Mukwaya ne mirimo gya UVRI okutwalira awamu mu myaka egyagoberera obufuzi bwa Amin. Mu 1979 nga Amin amaze okugyibwa kubufuzi, ekitongole kyobulamu ekyensi yonna (WHO) kyawa Mukwaya omukisa omulala okusoma mu yunivasite ya Florida mu Gainesville. Mu Gainesville, Mukwaya yayigirayo obukodyo bwokutta ebiwuka nga tukozesa enkola eyobutonde (biological control) no’kusoma obulwadde bweebiwuka (insect pathology) nge ekigendererwa kwekutandikawo laboratole ekola ebintu nga bino mu Uganda. Mukiseera kyekimu Mukwaya yayitibwa aba Body of Science and Technology for International Development (BOSTID) mu Washington D.C. okwetaba mu lukiiko olukwata ku kunonyereza ku nsiri nokutema empenda ezokulungamya okukendeza obungi bwensiri mu mawanga agakyakula. Mukwaya bweyakomawo mu Uganda, aba BOSTID bayongera okumuwagira nga bamuwa ensiimbi emirundi egiwera zeyakozesa okuteka ebikozesebwa mu laboratole ye Entebbe. Obuyambi buno bwafunira ekitongole komputa yakyo eyasooka. Obututumufu bwa Mukwaya mu mawanga agebweru bwayamba okufunira ekitongole ebintu ebyeyambisibwa mu mirimu gyokunonyereza. Mu 1984, ekitongole kya Amerika Academy of Science kyawa Mukwaya omukisa okwongera okusoma obukodyo obupya obwokwawula ebika ebiri mu nsiri Ae.simpsoni mu University of Notre Dame okumala emyezi mukaaga. Amagezi gano gasobozesa okweyongera kw’obuyambi obugabibwa BOSTID eri okunonyereza mu Uganda.
Obuyambi bwabantu ba Uganda awamu naabo abebweru obwaweebwa Mukwaya, bwayamba abantu bangi abaali ku mulimu gwokuyiga n’okukendeeza viruses ezisasanyizibwa ensiri. Mu mwaaka 1981, Mukwaya nga amaze okukomawo mu Uganda yatandika enkolagana nebanasaayansi banne mu America okunonyereza kubuwuka obuletera ensiri ento obulwadde era okunonyereza kuno kukyagenda mumaaso ne kusaawa yaleero. Bweyali akyakola ebyo ate newagwawo obulwadde bw’omusujja gw’enkaka (yellow fever) e Nigeria mu 1987 obwatta abantu abangi ennyo. Ekitongole kyensi yonna ekyobulamu (WHO) kyayita Mukwaya agende e Nigeria nga omukugu eyebuzibwako ku nsiri ezisasaanya obulwadde obwo no kusomesa abantu be Nigeria ebikwata ku nsiri ezo awamu n’okukendeza obungi bwaazo. Bweyali e Nigeria yakwata ensiri ezireeta omusujja gw’enkaka okuva mu bitundu bingi ebye Nigeria naziwereza Entebbe mu labolatole okuzeyambisa mu kunyonyereza mu biseera ebyomumaso. Omulimu gwa Mukwaya gwamusobozesa okukolerako mu Smothsonian Institution mu Washington D.C. Lino no lyekumiro lyensiri enkalu (insect museum) ezikunganyizidwa okuva mu bitundu byensi ebyenjawulo. Era Mukwaya yakolagana nnyo nebanasaayansi abe Vero Beach mu Florida abakola ennyo kunsiri, British Museum ne Liverpool School of Medicine mu U.K. Mu bino byona mwavamu okuwandiika empapula ezimu ezasasaanira ensi yona era nokulaba ebyetagisa okunonyerezebwako ebipya eri Mukwaya nebane abo. Mu 2009, banasaayaansi abakugu mu’nsiri (mosquito taxonomists), bagonomolako Mukwaya ekitiibwa ekitatere kulabikalabika erinya lye bweryatumibwa ekika kyensiri gyebayiita ‘Stegomyia(Mukwaya)’ kwakola okunonyereza ng’asiimibwa olw’emirimu emirungi gyakoze kunsiri eyo nekunsiri endala ezireta obulwadde.
Mukwaya amanyi emirimu gyakoze nga egyongereza kw’egyo egya banasaayansi abali baddukanya ekitongole mu kiseera zika we’yavumbulwa. Okunonyereza okusinga obungi bwe kwakyankalanyizibwa olwokwekutula ku mukago gwa East Africa mu 1979 era ne mu lutalo olwamamulako Idi Amin, Mukwaya yeelaba nga ateresedwa ekitiibwa nobukulu bw’ekitongole. Newankubadde nga sente nyingi zatebwa mu kulwanyisa sirimu mu myaka gya 1980, Mukwaya yasigala awagira okwongera obuyambi mu kunonyereza mu ebyo ebyali bikolebwa ku ntandikwa yekitongole kino mu 1930 ne 1940.
Ebyafaayo bya Mukwaya nabo banasaayansi abajja ku UVRI ne bakola naye, bilaga nti amagezi ku byobulamu ebweru wensi zabazungu, gasaawo essuula’empya ku byafaayo byobulamu munsi yona. Mu kukunganya ebikwata ku Mukwaya ne banasaayaansi abalala ku UVRI mu mirembe egyenjawulo, Cummiskey agezako okuzula engeri ye ne banasaayaansi abalala mu Uganda gye bakolaganangamu na’babawa obuyambi ebanga eriyise. Emirimu gyebyafaayo gino gigenderera okulaga nti banasaayaansi be Uganda babadde era bajja kwongera okuba empagi luwaga mu kwongera okuzula ebipya ebikwata ku viruses. Ebyafaayo byabanasaayansi biretawo endowoza empya eyokukolagana wakati w’ensi ezirina obuyambi ne nsi eziringa Uganda entegeka zino ezobulamu gyezitebwa mu nkola. Nga ebikwata ku Mukwaya bwebiraga, enkolagana zino sinyangu wabula zisobola okuvaamu ebirungi ebirwawo eri abo bona abazetabyemu, newankubadde nga banasaayaansi be Uganda balafubanira ddala okumanyikwa olwemirimu gyebakoze. Mu kaseera kano nga ensi nga America etiisatisa okukomya enkolagana zino nensi nga Uganda, ebyo byona ebikolebwa n’ebyandikoledwa biba bbifa ttoge.
Okufaayo kwa Mukwaya okusomesa banasaayaansi abato kiyambye okukuma omutindo awamu nenkulakulana ya UVRI. Omu kubayizi ba Mukwaya abasokeladala gwe bayita Julius Lutwama, kati ali kudaala lya addirira omukulu wa UVRI. Ate era omuyizi omulala gwe bayita John Paul Mutebi kati akolela mu America mu kitongole kya CDC. Mukwaya alwanye okukuma Zika forest awamu nakanaala kakyo akafuuti 120 obutatemwamu mitti gy’embaawo. Olwomulimu guno yasiimwa ekitongole kya America ekyebyobulamu ekiyitibwa National Institutes of Health (NIH). Nabulikati, mukibira kino zika virus mweyazuulibwa, emirimu kunsiri ezi sasaanya obulwadde gyikyagenda mu maaso.
Obutassa mukono mukunoonya obuwuka bunno, n’okubunonyerezaako, awamu n’enkwaata y’emirimu ennungi, bikulu nnyo mu kuziyiza obuwuka nga zika virus. Nga munamawulile omu weyakyogera, nti “Uganda yazuula akuwaka ka zika virus nekanogela ne daagala”. Amakulu gaali nti Uganda okuzuula zika virus kyasinzira kuntegeka ennungi ne’nkologana eyaliwo namawanga agebweru. Ekitongole ky’ebyobulamu munsi yonna ekya WHO, banasaayansi mu labolatole za America ne Bungereza, ne gavumenti ya Uganda, boona bawaniridde Mukwaya okusobola okweyongerayo mu kunonyereza awamu n’okusosmesa emijijji emito egya banasaayansi.
Okuzuula kwa zika virus n’obuwuka obulala obwefananyirizaako obwo, kisobose olw’o kubaawo kw’abantu nga Mukwaya. N’olwekyo, okusaalako obuyambi ku bitongole nga UVRI na bakozi bakyo kisanyaawo ebitongole bino ebikola okutukuuma ng’ensi eri obuwuka nga zika virus.
Mu mwaka gwa 1951, omufuzi omu nga ayogera kubiseera byo mumaaso bya UVRI, yagamba nti, “akawuka ka Mengo Myeloencephalitis kazuulibwa mu kaweefube wo kunonyereza ku kawuka akalala ak’omusujja gw’enkaka era mu kaseera ako kaalowozebwa okubeera akawuka akatono. Naye okunonyelaza ku kawuka kano gye kugenze kweyongera mu UVRI ng’ekolagaana ne America, kiraze nti akawuuka kano kandiba nga kabunye kumpi ensi yona yadde nga obubi bwako tebunaba kumanyibwa bulungi. Kati nga bwekiri ku Mengo encephalitis virus, bwekityo bwekyali ku Zika virus bwe yalowozebwa nga akawuuka akatono nga tekanaba kubuna nsi. Mu kiwandiiko kino ekikwata ku UVRI n’abakozi baakyo kijjukizo nti ensi yona yesigamye ku bitongole nga UVRI okunonyereza ku buwuuka buno nga tebunafuuka bwattabu.
Works Cited
Kron, Joshua. “In a Remote Ugandan Lab, Encounters With Zika and Mosquitoes Decades Ago.” New York Times. April 5, 2016.
Cohen, Jon. “Zika’s long, strange trip into the limelight.” Science. February 8, 2016, https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2016/02/zika-s-long-strange-trip-limelight.
Green, Andrew. “Uganda Discovered the Zika Virus. And the Solution for it.” Foreign Policy February 10, 2016. https://foreignpolicy.com/2016/02/10/uganda-discovered-the-zika-virus-and-the-solution-for-it/
Julia Ross Cummiskey is an assistant professor of history at the University of Tennessee-Chattanooga and a postdoctoral fellow at the Johns Hopkins University Institute for the History of Medicine. She is writing a book about the history of virus research in Uganda.
Louis Mukwaya is an entomologist at the Uganda Virus Research Institute, where he has worked since 1965.
Julia Cummiskey akola’nga assistant professor owebyafayo ku University of Tennessee-Chattanooga era’nga postdoctoral fellow mu John Hopkins University Institute for the History of Medicine. Mukisera kino, awandiika ekitabo ekikwaata ku kunonyereza ku virus mu Uganda.
Louis Mukwaya akola’nga entomologist ku Uganda Virus Resaerch Institute, gyakoledde okuva mu 1965.
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text:
Amawulire
Museveni asomozza ab’eKyambogo ku basomesa ba sayansi
Ivan Ssenabulya
September 21st, 2021
Bya Damalie Mukhaye
Omukulembeze wegwanga Yoweri K. Museveni asabye abaddukanya ettendekero lye Kyambogo, okwongera okutendeka absomesa ba sayansi, okutukiriza ekigendererwa ekyatandisaawo univasite eno emyaka 17 emabega.
Pulezidenti Museveni buno bwebubaka bwawadde, okuyita ku mutimbagano ngasinzidde butereevu mu maka gobwa pulezidnti neyetaba ku mattikira ge Kyambogo agomulundi ogwe 17.
Agambye nti okuva mu mwaka gwa 1969, ettendekero lino lyasomesanga abasomesa ku mitendera egyenjawulo.
Agambye nti ettendekero lyejulula okufuuka univasite naritandika okusomesa ebyemikono namasomo amalala nayenga ekirooto mu kusooka kyali kusomesa abasomesa.
Ku mattikira gano, abasomesa ba sayansi 179 bebagenda okuttikirwa, nga Museveni agambye nti nakyo kimuwadde essanyu.
Ate amyuka ssenkulu wettendekero lye Kyambogo Prof Eli Katunguka asabye gavumenti okuwagira amatendekero ga gaayo, nga batumbula tekinologiya nobuyiiywa bwebavumbudde.
Katunguka agambye nti Kyambogo nabalala baliko bingi byebavumbudde naye tebisobodde kugenda mu maaso nga betaaga obuwagizi.
Kino agambye nti kivuddeko banakigwanyizi okutwala obuyiiya bwabwe, nebabwongerayo.
Asabye gavumenti erambike bulungi eitendera gyokufuna ssente ezobuyiiya eziri mu minisitule ya sayansi ne tekinologiya abakugu baabwe basobole okuzifuna.
Amattikira gano gagenda kukulungula ennaku 3, ngawamu abayizi 9,521 bebagenda okuttikirwa.


text:
OMUMYUKA wa Loodi Meeya wa Kampala Doreen Nyanjura avuddeyo n’ayambalira abantu ab’efunyiridde okubika Omuloodi Wa Kampala Erias Lukwago nti yafudde, nagamba nti bagende mu maaso naye ekirungi akyali mulamu ddala.
“Kituufu Lukwago mulwadde nga abantu abalala bonna, era ali mu kujjanjabwa mu ddwaliro lya Nairobi Hospital e Nairobi, era mu kiseera kino agenze akuba ku matu kyokka abantu abalina emitima emibi bagenda mu maaso n’okumubika, tewali kye tugenda kubakola wabula tubalese bagende mu maaso bakole ogwo” Nyanjura bwe yagambye ku mukutu gwe ogwa Face Book.
Yagambye nti talaba lwaki abantu baagala nnyo abantu abali mu kunyigirizibwa obulwadde okuboogerako obubi n’okubabika kye yagambye nti kibongera kubamalamu maanyi saako n’okubanafuya.
Enkya ya leero waliwo ebifananyi by’omuloodi ebifulumye nga bilaga nti akubye ku matu era nga atambulako wabweru we ddwaliro mwajanjabirwa ekilaze nti oba oli awo yandiba nga agenze atererera ddala.
Lukwago yafuna obuzibu ku lunaku lwe yali mu Ekelezia e Lubaga mu kusabira omugenzi eyali Ssabasumba wa Kampala Cyprian Kizito Lwanga era naagwa ekigwo wansi, abaduukirize be bamuyolayoola okumutwala mu ddwaliro e Nakasero oluvanyuma yatwalibwa e Nairobi okwongera okufuna obujjanjabi.
Do you have a story in your community or an opinion to share with us: Email us at editorial@watchdoguganda.com


text:
Ekidd.: Kuuma ebisuubizo bye wasuubiza
Nga obatizibwa Kristu n’omusenga
Wamalirira toddirira.
- Nnyaffe Eklezia akusaba, nywera okule mu kukkiriza.
Katonda ani oyo gw’onoonya?
Gwe bataakuwa ku luli nga obatizibwa?
- Kristu yatugamba twerinde abalanzi ab’obulimba bali ababuzaabuza;
Bakuwa eddiini ennyangu, werinde mwattu ozaawa
Bakuwa Kristu omwangu, werinde mwattu ozaawa
Bakuwa obugagga obwangu, werinde mwattu ozaawa.
- Eddiini si byewuunyo, ne sitaani naye abikola nnyo
Eddiini si kwesanyusa, ne sitaani naye asanyusa nnyo.
- Empeera y’abalungi ekusuba, obanga tofubye tonywedde
Empeera y’abalwana ekusuba, obanga togumye tonywedde
Empeera y’abalungi ekusuba, okusamira kuleke ozaawa
Empeera y’abalwana ekusuba, eddiini ziizo zibuna.


text:
Amawulire
NSSF eyongedde kunyingiza yaayo ne bitundu 25%
Ivan Ssenabulya
September 23rd, 2021
Bya Moses Ndaye,
Ekitongole ekitereka ekitavu kya bakozi ekya National Social Security Fund kitegezeza nga enyingiza yabwe mu mwaka gwe byensimbi 2020/21 bweyeyongera ne bitundu 25%,okuva ku kasse kamu nobuwumbi 400newankubadde eggwanga liyita mu kusomozebwa kwe kirwadde kya COVID-19.
Bwabadde ayanja enkola yekitongole kino eyomwaka guno, akulira ekitongole kino Richard Byarugaba, agambye nti enyingiza esobodde okulinya olwemisingo gye bafunye ebintu ebikalu ebitundibwa, namagoba okweyongera.
Ebintu ebikalu nabyo byeyongedde ne bitundu 17% okuva ku Shs13.3 trillion okudda Shs15.5 trillion wetwatukira nga June 30th, 2021.
Byarugaba agambye nti nga amateeka bwegalambikiddwa gye bujja minisita we byensimbi, Matia Kasaija wakulangirira amagoba gomwaka guno munsimbi za bateresi mu lukungana olunaberawo nga 29th September 2021.


text:
Amawulire
Ababaka beekandaze ne bafuluma palamenti kuby’okukwata banabwe
Ivan Ssenabulya
September 28th, 2021
Bya Benjamin Jumbe,
Ababaka ba palamenti abali kuludda oluvuganya beekandaze ne bafuluma olutuula lwa leero nga abawakanya okukwatibwa kwababaka banabwe ababiri.
Ababaka bano nga bakulembedwamu akulira oludda oluvuganya mu palamenti Mathias Mpuuga tebanyonyose nebyogeddwa ssabaminisita Robinah Nabanja, ku byokudamu okukwata omubaka wa Kawempe North Muhamad Ssegirinya nowa Makindye West Allan Ssewanyana.
Nabbanja asuubiza okukwasaganya ababaka okuva ku njuyi zombie balabe ekidako.
Wabula omukubiriza wa palamenti awaliriziddwa okusazaamu olutuula lwaleero okutuusa enkya olwa bavuganya okuba nga babadde babuse olutuula luno.
Mu kusooka Jacob Oulanya yayimiriza olutuula okumala eddakiika 15 nga ayagala nnampala wa gavt aleete minisita owensonga ezomunda mu ggwanga Kahinda Otafiire atangaze ku kyokudamu okukwata ababaka bano.
Kino kidiridde ababaka okuli Mathius Mpuuga, Ibrahim Ssemujju Nganda ne Theodore Ssekikubo okwemulugunya ku byokukwata ababaka.
Wano Oulanya wasinzidde nasaba oludda lwa gavt lunyonyole ku bya babaka bano oba si ekyo palamenti si byakutuula


text:
Amawulire
UPDF bakakasizza okukwatibwa kw’omubaka Ssewanyana
Ivan Ssenabulya
September 24th, 2021
Bya Ritah Kemigisa
Amagye gegwanga aga UPDF basambazze amawulire agabadde gayitingana, nti omubaka wa Makindye West Allan Ssewanyana yawambiddwa.
Ssewanya yazeemu nakawatibwa akawungeeze keggulo, wabweru wekkomera lye Kigo bweyabadde yakayimbulwa.
Ssewanyana ne munne omubaka wa Kawempe North Muhammad Ssegirinya bagulwako emisango gyobutemu nobutujju, nga kigambibwa nti buterevu betaba mu butemu bwebijambiya e Masaka.
Kati omwogezi wamagye ge gwanga Brig Gen Flavia Byekwaso agambye nti yakwatiddwa abakuuma ddembe, okubaako byayanukula ku misango emirala egimwolekedde.
Byekwaso agambye nti omubaka Ssewanyana agaliddwa e Kireka.
Aberabiddeko bagamba nti omubaka Ssewanyana yakwatiddwa bubi, abasajja ababadde bebagalidde ebissi bamusindikirizza munda mu mmotoka kika kya Drone nebamubuzaawo.


text:
Nnabagereka Vasuti Aggyibwa ku Bukulu
11:1 a Ezr 4:6; Dan 9:1 b Es 9:30; Dan 3:2; 6:1 c Es 8:9Kino kye kyabaawo ku mirembe gya Akaswero, eyafuga amasaza kikumi mu abiri mu musanvu (127) okuva e Buyindi okutuuka e Buwesiyopya. 21:2 Ezr 4:9; Nek 1:1; Es 2:8Mu kiseera ekyo Kabaka Akaswero we yafugira mu lubiri e Susani,1:2 Susani kye kimu ku bibuga ebikulu ebina eby’Obwakabaka. Ebibuga ebirala byali Babulooni, Perusiyapoliisi ne Ekubatoni. Susani ky’ekibuga bakabaka b’e Buperusi abasatu gye baabeeranga mu biseera eby’obutiti. Ekibuga ekyo kyali mu kiwonvu ky’omugga Tigiriisi. 31:3 1Bk 3:15; Es 2:18mu mwaka ogwokusatu ogw’obufuzi bwe, yagabula abakungu n’abaami be abakulu embaga. Abaduumizi ba magye aga Buperusi ne Bumeedi, n’abalangira n’abakungu b’amasaza bonna baagiriko.
4Yayolesa obugagga n’ekitiibwa n’ettendo eby’obwakabaka bwe okumala emyezi mukaaga. 51:5 a Bal 14:17 b 2Bk 21:18; Es 7:7-8Ennaku ezo bwe zaggwaako, Kabaka n’agabula abantu bonna okuva ku asemberayo ddala okutuuka ku asingirayo ddala ekitiibwa embaga endala eyali mu luggya, mu lubiri e Susani okumala ennaku musanvu. 61:6 Es 7:8; Ez 23:41; Am 3:12; 6:4Oluggya lwalimu entimbe ez’engoye enjeru n’eza bbululu, nga zisibiddwa n’emiguwa egya linena omulungi n’olugoye olwa kakobe nga lusibiddwa n’empeta eza ffeeza ku mpagi ez’amayinja aganyirira. Waaliwo n’ebitanda1:6 Abaperusi baalyanga bagalamidde ku bitanda ebya zaabu n’effeeza ku lubalaza olwaliire n’amayinja aganyirira, amamyufu, n’ameeru, n’aga kyenvu n’amaddugavu. 71:7 Es 2:18; Dan 5:2Mu kugabula kwa kabaka, wayini yaweerezebwa mu bikopo bya zaabu, nga buli kimu tekifanagana na kinnaakyo, ne wayini wa Kabaka yali mungi ddala. 8Buli mugenyi yanywanga nga bwe yayagala kubanga kabaka yalagira nti, “Buli mugenyi anywe nga bw’ayagala.”
91:9 1Bk 3:15Ne Nnabagereka Vasuti naye n’agabula abakyala embaga mu lubiri lwa Kabaka Akaswero.
101:10 a Bal 16:25; Lus 3:7 b Lub 14:18; Es 3:15; 5:6; 7:2; Nge 31:4-7; Dan 5:1-4 c Es 7:9Awo ku lunaku olwomusanvu, Kabaka Akaswero mu ssanyu lingi olwa wayini gwe yali anywedde, n’alagira abalaawe musanvu, abaamuweerezanga: Mekumani, ne Bizusa, ne Kalubona, ne Bigusa, ne Abagusa, ne Zesali ne Kalukasi, 111:11 a Lu 2:4 b Zab 45:11; Ez 16:14okugenda okuyita Nnabagereka Vasuti ajje mu maaso ge ng’atikkiddwa engule eya Nnabagereka, asobole okulaga obubalagavu bwe eri abantu n’abakungu, kubanga yali mulungi, mubalagavu okukamala. 121:12 Lub 39:19; Es 2:21; 7:7; Nge 19:12Naye abaweereza bwe baatuusa ekiragiro kya kabaka, Nnabagareka Vasuti n’agaana okugenda. Era ekyavaamu kabaka n’asunguwala, era obusungu bwe ne bubuubuuka. 131:13 1By 12:32; Yer 10:7; Dan 2:12Naye Kabaka yalina empisa ey’okwebuuzanga ku bakugu mu by’amateeka, era n’ateesa n’abasajja abagezigezi abategeera ebifa ku nsonga eyo. 141:14 2Bk 25:19; Ezr 7:14Amannya ga bakungu abo abakulu omusanvu mu bwakabaka bwe Buperusi ne Bumeedi ge gano: Kalusena, ne Sesali, ne Adumasa, ne Talusiisi, ne Meresi, ne Malusema ne Memukani. Bano be baamubeeranga ku lusegere.
15Awo Kabaka n’ababuuza nti, “Okusinziira ku mateeka, Nnabagereka Vasuti agwanidde kibonerezo ki olw’obutagondera kiragiro kya Kabaka Akaswero ekimutuusibbwako abalaawe?” 16Memukani n’addamu Kabaka n’abakungu nti, “Nnabagereka Vasuti asobezza nnyo, ate si eri Kabaka yekka, naye n’eri abakungu n’abantu bonna ab’omu bitundu byonna Kabaka Akaswero by’afuga. 17Era olw’enneeyisa Nnabagereka gye yeeyisizaamu, bwe kinaamanyibwa abakyala, nabo bajja kunyoomanga ba bbaabwe nga bagamba nti, ‘Nga Kabaka Akaswero yalagira Nnabagereka Vasuti okuleetebwa gy’ali, n’ajeema.’ 181:18 Nge 19:13; 27:15Era olunaku lwa leero abakyala bonna mu Buperusi ne Bumeedi aba bakungu abawulidde ku nneeyisa ya Nnabagereka bajjanga kweyisa mu ngeri y’emu eri abakungu ba Kabaka. Era obunyoomi wamu n’obutabanguko tebuggwengawo mu maka. 191:19 a Mub 8:4 b Es 8:8; Dan 6:8, 12Noolwekyo Kabaka bw’anaasiima, awe ekiragiro, era kiwandiikibwe mu mateeka ga Buperusi ne Bumeedi agatakyuka, nti Vasuti aleme okujja nate mu maaso ga Kabaka Akaswero. Ate n’ekifo kye eky’Obwannabagereka, kiweebwe omukazi omulala amusinga. 20Awo ekiragiro kya kabaka bwe kinaabuna mu bwakabaka bwonna, abakyala bonna banassangamu ba bbaabwe ekitiibwa okuva ku wawagulu okutuukira ddala ku wawansi asembayo.”
21Ekigambo ekyo kyasanyusa nnyo Kabaka n’abakungu be, era Kabaka n’akola ng’ekiteeso kya Memukani bwe kyali. 221:22 Nek 13:24; Es 8:9; Bef 5:22-24; 1Ti 2:12N’aweereza obubaka eri ebitundu byonna eby’obwakabaka buli ssaza ebbaluwa yaayo, era buli bantu mu lulimi lwabwe nga bugamba nti buli musajja afugenga mu nnyumba ye.


text:
OMUSUMBA we kkanisa ya House of Prayer Ministries International Aloysias Bugingo avuddeyo nakakasa abagoberezi be nti basobodde okukungaanya ensimbi obuwumbi 3 mu obukadde 100 wakati mu kawefube gwe baatandika nga agendereddwamu okuzimba ekizimbe galikwoleka ekimanyiddwanga Pentagon House.
Ekizimbe kino kigenda kuzimbibwa ku ttaka elimanyiddwa nga Canan Land elisangibwa e Makerere Kikoni, era kyakuwementa obuwumbi bwe nsimbi za Uganda ezisoba mu 20.
Bwe yabadde abuulira mu kusaba kwa Sande ku kkanisa ye, Omusumba Bugingo yagambye nti abantu bamwewunyisizza nnyo okuba nti bawaayo kyeyagalire okusinziira ku nfuna yabwe, nagamba nti ensimbi ezakawebweyo eziyita ku zi akawunti ezateekebwawo mu ma banka ag’enjawulo nga kwotadde ne ndala eziyita ku massimu ge.
“Banange mwebale nnyo naddala abateeka ensimbi zamwe ku massimu gange kubanga eya Airtel mu wiiki emu kwagenzeeko obukadde 7 be ddu, ate ku MTN ne kugendako 10 n’okusoba kale tubebaza era natekawo ttiimu ekola ku nsonga ze sente ne bwe ziba ziri ku yange sizikwatako, wabula be kikwatako be nziwa ne bazitwala mu banka” Bugingo bwe yagambye.
Yanyonyodde nti ssi buli lunaku lwa kusaba nti wajjanga kubeerawo okusonda ensimbi za Pentagon, nagamba nti abantu bakoowa obubbo obwabuli kadde nga ensimbi ze kizimbe kino zigendanga kusondebwanga lwa Sande lwokka mu kusaba nga ennaku ezisigaddeyo z’akiwebwayo kyokka.
Yayongeddeko nti wakwanjulanga ensimbi ezisondedwa buli nkomerero ya wiiki okusobola okuteekawo obwerufu mu nsonga eno.
Do you have a story in your community or an opinion to share with us: Email us at editorial@watchdoguganda.com


text:
ABAKULEMBEZE b’ekibiina kya Uganda Peoples Congress UPC baagala Dr. Kiiza Besigye ab’etondere olw’okuyingiza ekibiina kyabwe mu kisinde kya People’s Front For Transtion PFT nga tabebuzizaako.
UPC yewunya nti Dr. Besigye tabawandiikirangako yadde okukubira ku mukulembeze waabwe akasimu ku bye kisinde kya PFT, nti kyokka baabadde bali awo nga bawulira nti ne UPC eri wamu nabo ekintu ekyabakoze obubi ddala kubanga tebalina kye bamanyi nga ekibiina.
“Abantu abagambibwa okukiikirira UPC mu nkiiko za PFT tetubamanyi yadde, abo bannakigwanyizi era ekibiina tekibatumangako kutukiikirira wantu wonna” Sharot Oyat Arach omwogezi wa UPC bwe yategezezza bannamawulire ku kitebe kye kibiina ku kizimbe kya Uganda House.
Oyat yategezezza nti abantu abagenze ku lwe kibiina tebalina mukulu yabatumye nagamba nti bbo tebali kitundu ku bikolebwa PFT, yadde ebigendererwa byabwe.
Kinajjukirwa nti Munnamateeka Peter Walubiri akulira ekiwayi ekyekutula ku UPC abadde ajja yeetaba mu nkiiko zonna eza PFT era nga yeeyanjula nga owa UPC ab’ekiwayi kya Jimmy Akena kye bagamba nti kikyamu.
Bano baagala Dr. Besigye n’abakulembeze ba PFT okubeetondera olw’okubayingiza mu kintu kye bagamba nti teabakimanyiiko mutwe n’amagulu.
Kino era kizeewo oluvanyuma lwe nnaku ssi nnyingi nga UPC ewangudde omusango ogwagiwawabirwa Walubiri ne kiwayi kye nga bawakanya obukulembeze bwa Jimmy Akena okuba Ssenakaggale wa UPC.
UPC nayo yegasse ku kibiina kya DP eky’asooka okwesammula ekisinde kya PFT, nga bagamba nti banaabwe abagendayo okuli Sam Lubega Mukaaku, Mike Mabikke, Kenneth Paul Kakande nabalala baali beenonyeza byabwe nga abantu ssi ku lwakibiina.
NUP nayo amyuka omwogezi waayo Waiswa Mufumbiro yategezezza nti nabo tebagenda kwegatta ku kye yayise ba nnamba lujega, abatakyalina kye bagamba bannaUganda.
Do you have a story in your community or an opinion to share with us: Email us at editorial@watchdoguganda.com


text:
11:1 a Yos 24:29 b Kbl 27:21 c nny 27; Bal 3:1-6Oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Yoswa, Abayisirayiri ne babuuza Mukama Katonda nti, “Ani mu ffe alisooka okwaŋŋanga Abakanani okubalwanyisa?”
21:2 a Lub 49:8 b nny 4; Bal 3:28Mukama Katonda n’abaddamu nti Yuda yalisooka, era laba mbawadde obuwanguzi ku Bakanani.
31:3 nny 17Abasajja ba Yuda ne bagamba baganda baabwe abasajja ba Simyoni1:3 Simyoni Bazzukulu ba Simyoni n’abantu ba Yuda baali bazzukulu ba Leeya. nti, “Tugende ffenna mu kitundu kyaffe ekyatuweebwa tulwanyise Abakanani, era naffe tuligenda nammwe mu kitundu ekyabaweebwa.” Awo ne bagenda bonna.
41:4 a Lub 13:7; Yos 3:10 b 1Sa 11:8Yuda n’alumba Abakanani n’Abaperezi e Bezeki era Mukama n’amuwa obuwanguzi n’abattamu abasajja omutwalo mulamba. 5Ne bagwikiriza Adonibezeki mu Bezeki; ne bamulwanyisa era ne batta abasajja be. 6Naye Adonibezeki ne yeemulula, ne bamuwondera, ne bamukwata era ne bamusalako engalo ze ensajja n’ebigere ebisajja1:6 ne bamusalako engalo ze ensajja n’ebigere ebisajja Empisa ey’okusalako engalo ensajja n’ebigere ebisajja yakozesebwanga nnyo ku basibe mu bitundu ebyo. Ekyali kigendererwa mu kyo, kwe kulaba ng’abasibe tebadduka..
71:7 Lv 24:19Adonibezeki ne yejjusa n’agamba nti, “Nga bakabaka ensanvu abaasalibwako engalo zaabwe ensajja n’ebigere ebisajja, bwe baalondalondanga obukunkumuka wansi w’emmeeza yange, nange bwe ŋŋenda okuba. Kye nakola bannange Katonda nange akintusizzaako.” Ne bamutwala e Yerusaalemi n’afiira eyo. 81:8 nny 21; Yos 15:63Abasajja ba Yuda ne balumba ekibuga Yerusaalemi ne bakiwamba ne batta abantu baamu n’ekitala, oluvannyuma ne bakyokya.
91:9 a Kbl 13:17 b Kbl 21:1Awo abasajja ba Yuda ne balumba Abakanani abaabeeranga mu nsozi ne mu biwonvu ne mu bukiika obwa ddyo. 101:10 a Lub 13:18 b Lub 35:27 c Yos 15:14Ate Yuda n’alumba Abakanani abaabeeranga e Kebbulooni (edda ekyayitibwanga Kiriasualuba), mu lutalo olwali eyo mwe battira Sesayi, Akimaani ne Talumaayi.
111:11 Yos 15:15Ate n’avaayo n’alumba abaabeeranga e Debiri edda ekyayitibwanga Kiriasuseferi. 12Awo Kalebu n’agamba nti, “Oyo alirumba Kiriasuseferi n’akiwamba ndimuwa muwala wange Akusa okumuwasa.” 13Osunieri, omwana wa Kenazi muto wa Kalebu n’akiwamba bw’atyo n’aweebwa Akusa okumuwasa.
14Awo Osunieri bwe yamala okuwasa Akusa n’amufukuutirira asabe kitaawe ennimiro; Akusa n’addayo eri kitaawe, bwe yali ava ku ndogoyi, Kalebe n’amubuuza nti, “Oyagala ki?” 15N’amuddamu nti, “Wampa ensi nkalu ey’obukiikaddyo naye kaakano nnyongera ekitundu ekirimu n’enzizi ez’amazzi.” Kalebu n’amuwa ekitundu ekirimu enzizi ekyengulu n’ekyemmanga. 161:16 a Kbl 10:29 b Lub 15:19; Bal 4:11 c Ma 34:3; Bal 3:13 d Kbl 21:1Abazzukulu b’Omukeeni, mukoddomi wa Musa ne bava mu kibuga eky’enkindu ne bagendera wamu n’abasajja ba Yuda ne batuuka mu ddungu lya Yuda eryali mu bukiikaddyo obwa Aladi ne babeera wamu n’abantu baayo.
171:17 a nny 3 b Kbl 21:3Awo Yuda n’agenda ne muganda we Simyoni ne balumba Abakanani abaabeeranga e Zefasi, ne babazikiririza ddala era ne bakituuma erinnya Koluma1:17 Koluma kitegeeza Kuzikiriza. 181:18 Yos 11:22Era Yuda n’awamba Gaza, Asukulooni ne Ekuloni n’ebitundu ebyetoolodde ebibuga bino.
191:19 a nny 2 b Yos 17:16Mukama yali wamu ne Yuda n’awangula abantu abaabeeranga mu nsozi okuggyako yalemwa okuwangula abantu abaabeeranga mu kiwonvu kubanga baalina amagaali ag’ekyuma. 201:20 a Yos 14:9; 15:13-14 b nny 10; Yos 14:13Kebbulooni n’ekiweebwa Kalebu, nga Musa bwe yalagira, n’akifuumulamu batabani ba Anaki abasatu. 211:21 a Yos 15:63 b nny 8Naye abasajja ba Benyamini tebaagoba Bayebusi abaabeeranga mu Yerusaalemi noolwekyo Abayebusi babeera wamu n’abasajja ba Benyamini mu Yerusaalemi n’okutuusa kaakano.
22N’abasajja ba Yusufu ne balumba Beseri era Mukama yali wamu nabo. 231:23 Lub 28:19Abasajja ba Yusufu ne batuma abakessi okuketta ekibuga ky’e Beseri edda ekyayitibwanga Luzi. 241:24 Yos 2:12, 14Abakessi bwe baalaba omusajja ng’ava mu kibuga ne bamugamba nti, “Tukwegayiridde tulage omulyango oguyingira mu kibuga naffe tunaakuyisa bulungi.” 251:25 Yos 6:25Awo bwe yabalaga awayingirirwa, ne bazikiriza n’ekitala abantu b’omu kibuga ekyo; ne batakola kabi konna ku musajja oyo n’ab’omu nnyumba ye bonna. 26Omusajja oyo n’asengukira mu nsi y’Abakiiti, n’azimbayo n’ekibuga n’akituuma Luzi, n’okutuusa kaakano bwe kiyitibwa.
271:27 a Yos 17:11 b nny 1Ye Manase teyagoba bantu abaabeeranga mu Besuseani, ne mu Taanaki ne mu Poliyadde abaabeeranga mu Ibuleamu, ne mu Megiddo, n’ebyalo ebiriraanye ebibuga ebyo. Naye Abakanani ne bagaanira ddala okuva mu nsi eyo. 28Awo Abayisirayiri bwe beeyongera amaanyi ne bawaliriza Abakanani okubakoleranga emirimu mu kifo ky’okugobwa mu nsi eyo. 291:29 a 1Bk 9:16 b Yos 16:10Era ne Efulayimu teyagoba Bakanani naye yabakkiriza okubeera awamu naye mu Gezeri. 30Era ne Zebbulooni teyagoba abantu abaabeeranga mu Kitulooni yadde abaabeeranga mu Nakaloli, naye Abakanani bano n’abakkiriza okubeeranga awamu naye nga bwe bamusasula omusolo. 311:31 Bal 10:6Aseri teyagoba bantu abaabeeranga mu Akko yadde ab’omu Sidoni n’ab’omu Alaba n’ab’omu Akuzibu n’ab’omu Keruba n’ab’omu Afiki yadde ab’omu Lekobu, 32naye Abakanani ne bakkirizibwa okubeera awamu n’abantu ba Aseri. 331:33 Yos 19:38Nafutaali teyagoba bantu abaabeeranga mu Besusemesi ne mu Besuanasi naye n’abakkirizanga okubeeranga awamu n’abantu be nga bwe bamusasula omusolo. 341:34 Kuv 3:17Bo abasajja ba Ddaani tebaasobola kuwamba nsi y’Abamoli ey’omu kiwonvu era Abamoli ne babafuumuula ne baabazaayo mu nsozi. 351:35 Yos 19:42Newaakubadde Abamoli baalwanirira nnyo okubeera ku lusozi Keresi, mu Ayalooni ne Saalubimu naye ab’omu kika kya Yusufu ne babafufuggaza era ne babawaliriza okubawanga omusolo. 361:36 Yos 15:3Ensalo y’Abamoli yayitanga awo ng’oyambuka Akulabbimu n’okweyongerayo.
Israel continúa su lucha contra los cananeos
1:11-15 – Jos 15:15-19
1Después de la muerte de Josué, los israelitas le preguntaron al Señor:
―¿Quién de nosotros será el primero en subir y pelear contra los cananeos?
2El Señor respondió:
―Judá será el primero en subir, puesto que ya le he entregado el país en sus manos.
3Entonces los de la tribu de Judá dijeron a sus hermanos de la tribu de Simeón: «Subid con nosotros al territorio que nos ha tocado, y pelearemos contra los cananeos; después nosotros iremos con vosotros al territorio que os tocó». Y los de la tribu de Simeón los acompañaron.
4Cuando Judá atacó, el Señor entregó en sus manos a los cananeos y a los ferezeos. En Bézec derrotaron a diez mil hombres. 5Allí se toparon con Adoní Bézec y pelearon contra él, y derrotaron a los cananeos y a los ferezeos. 6Adoní Bézec logró escapar, pero lo persiguieron hasta que lo alcanzaron, y le cortaron los pulgares de las manos y los dedos gordos de los pies.
7Entonces Adoní Bézec exclamó: «¡Setenta reyes, cortados los pulgares de las manos y los dedos gordos de los pies, recogían migajas debajo de mi mesa! ¡Ahora Dios me ha pagado con la misma moneda!» Luego lo llevaron a Jerusalén, y allí murió.
8Los de la tribu de Judá también atacaron a Jerusalén; la capturaron, matando a todos a filo de espada, y luego incendiaron la ciudad.
9Después la tribu de Judá fue a pelear contra los cananeos que vivían en la región montañosa, en el Néguev y en la Sefelá. 10Avanzaron contra los cananeos que vivían en Hebrón, ciudad que antes se llamaba Quiriat Arbá, y derrotaron a Sesay, Ajimán y Talmay.
11Desde allí, avanzaron contra los habitantes de Debir, ciudad que antes se llamaba Quiriat Séfer. 12Entonces Caleb dijo: «A quien derrote a Quiriat Séfer y la conquiste, yo le daré por esposa a mi hija Acsa». 13Y fue Otoniel hijo de Quenaz, hermano menor de Caleb, quien la conquistó; así que Caleb le dio por esposa a su hija Acsa. 14Cuando ella llegó, Otoniel la convenció1:14 Otoniel la convenció (LXX y Vulgata); lo convenció (TM). de que le pidiera un terreno a su padre. Al bajar Acsa del asno, Caleb le preguntó:
―¿Qué te pasa?
15―Concédeme un gran favor —respondió ella—. Ya que me has dado tierras en el Néguev, dame también manantiales.
Fue así como Caleb le dio a su hija manantiales en las zonas altas y en las bajas.
16Los descendientes de Hobab1:16 Hobab. Véase 4:11. el quenita, suegro de Moisés, acompañaron a la tribu de Judá desde la Ciudad de las Palmeras1:16 la Ciudad de las Palmeras. Es decir, Jericó. hasta el desierto de Judá, que está en el Néguev, cerca de Arad. Allí habitaron con la gente del lugar.
17Después fueron los de la tribu de Judá con sus hermanos de la tribu de Simeón y derrotaron a los cananeos que vivían en Sefat, ciudad a la que destruyeron por completo. Desde entonces Sefat fue llamada Jormá.1:17 En hebreo, Jormá significa destrucción. 18Los hombres de Judá también conquistaron las ciudades de Gaza, Ascalón y Ecrón, cada una de ellas con su propio territorio.
19El Señor estaba con los hombres de Judá. Estos tomaron posesión de la región montañosa, pero no pudieron expulsar a los que vivían en las llanuras, porque esa gente contaba con carros de hierro. 20Tal como había prometido Moisés, Caleb recibió Hebrón y expulsó de esa ciudad a los tres hijos de Anac. 21En cambio, los de la tribu de Benjamín no lograron expulsar a los jebuseos, que vivían en Jerusalén. Por eso hasta el día de hoy los jebuseos viven con los benjaminitas en Jerusalén.
22Los de la tribu de José, por su parte, subieron contra Betel, pues el Señor estaba con ellos. 23Enviaron espías a Betel, ciudad que antes se llamaba Luz, 24y estos, al ver que un hombre salía de la ciudad, le dijeron: «Muéstranos cómo entrar en la ciudad, y seremos bondadosos contigo». 25Aquel hombre les mostró cómo entrar en la ciudad, y ellos la conquistaron a filo de espada; pero al hombre y a toda su familia les perdonaron la vida. 26Y ese hombre se fue a la tierra de los hititas, donde fundó una ciudad a la que llamó Luz, nombre que conserva hasta el día de hoy.
27Pero los de la tribu de Manasés no pudieron expulsar a los de Betseán y de Tanac con sus respectivas aldeas, ni tampoco a los habitantes de Dor, Ibleam y Meguido con sus respectivas aldeas, porque los cananeos estaban decididos a permanecer en esa tierra. 28Solo cuando Israel se hizo fuerte pudo someter a los cananeos a trabajos forzados, aunque nunca pudo expulsarlos del todo. 29Los de la tribu de Efraín tampoco pudieron expulsar a los cananeos que vivían en Guézer, de modo que los cananeos siguieron viviendo entre ellos. 30Los de la tribu de Zabulón, por su parte, tampoco pudieron expulsar a los cananeos que vivían en Quitrón y Nalol, y estos siguieron viviendo entre ellos, aunque fueron sometidos a trabajos forzados. 31Tampoco los de la tribu de Aser pudieron expulsar a los habitantes de Aco, Sidón, Ajlab, Aczib, Jelba, Afec y Rejob. 32Por eso, como no pudieron expulsarlos, el pueblo de la tribu de Aser vivió entre los cananeos que habitaban en aquella región. 33Tampoco los de la tribu de Neftalí pudieron expulsar a los habitantes de Bet Semes y Bet Anat, sino que vivieron entre los cananeos que habitaban en aquella región. Sin embargo, sometieron a trabajos forzados a los que vivían en Bet Semes y Bet Anat. 34Los amorreos hicieron retroceder a los de la tribu de Dan hasta la región montañosa, y no les permitieron bajar a la llanura. 35Los amorreos también estaban decididos a permanecer en el monte Heres, en Ayalón y en Salbín. Pero, cuando se acrecentó el poder de la tribu de José, los amorreos también fueron sometidos a trabajos forzados. 36La frontera de los amorreos iba desde la cuesta de los Escorpiones hasta Selá, e incluso más arriba.


text:
Amawulire
Obuganzi bwa NRM bugenda kwongera okukendeera
Ivan Ssenabulya
September 26th, 2021
Bya Ivan Ssenabulya
Ssentebe wa NRM mu disitulikiti ye Mukono Twahiri Ssebaggala asabye gavumenti nti ekole ku nsonga eziruma abantu.
Ayogedde ku kugobaganya abantu ku ttaka nebiralala ebiruma abantu mu Buganda, nti bikolebweko bwekitaabe ekyo ekibiina kigenda kwongera okunafuwa.
Kinajjukirwa nti NRM teyakola bulungi mu kulonda kwa bonna okuwedde.
Sound: Twahir Okulabula
Bino byabadde ku mukolo e Mukono, Nampala wa gavumenti Thomas Tayebwa kweyatongolezza ekibiina ekigenda okugatta abakadde mu Buganda ekya SMERICK Foundation.
Tayebwa asubizza nti bagenda kukola ku nsonga zonna eziruma abantu ba Buganda, okusobola okuzza obuwagizi.


text:
Amawulire
Kkooti ekakasiza Uhuru kubwa Meeya
Ivan Ssenabulya
September 30th, 2021
Bya Ruth Anderah,
Kkooti enkulu mu Kampala ekakasiza okulondebwa kwa Salim Saad Uhuru nga meeya omulonde owegombolola ya masekati ga Kampala.
Kino kidiridde kkooti okugoba okusaba kwa munne bwebavuganya ku kifo kino Hamdan Semugooma Kigozi bwetegezeza nti obujjulizi bwalina mu musango guno tebumatiza.
Omulamuzi Isaac Muwaata bwatyo alagidde Semugooma okusasula Uhuru nákakiikoke byokulonda ensimbi zonna zebasasanyiriza mu musango guno.
Uhuru asanyukidde okusalawo kwa kkooti bwategezeza nti Semugooma teyalina kwasinzira kuwangula musango.
Uhuru nga yavuganyiza ku kaada ya NRM yalangirirwa akakiiko ke byokulonda ngomuwanguzi kubwa meeya mu masekati ga Kampala bweyafuna obulu 13,114 ate Semugooma owa NUP nafuna 10,654.


text:
Ekiragiro eky'okulabirako eky'okulabirako ekigambo eky'okulabirako eky'omulimu ogw'okulabirako,304, 316, 304, 304L, 314L, 316L. Oluvannyuma lw'ebitundu eby'okulabirako ebirala eby'okulabirako ebitundu eby'obubonero byonna 7 × 7 ne 7 × 19. Ekiragiro kino kiwandikawo 90 °. Oluvannyuma lw’ekigambo tekisoboka okukwasa emikono. Era n’ebyo by’obunyonyi tebirimba bubi. N’olwekyo, kikozesebwa ng’ebitundu eby’obugwenyufu okusobola okukuuma ebisolo, era kiyinza okuleetera abagenyi okusanyumira ebisolo ebitali bimu. Mu mbeera eyo, okunnyonnyola okunnyonnyolwamu okunnyonnyolwamu era n'okunnyonnyola okunnyonnyola.
Knotted Rope Mesh
Ebikwata ku Rope Mesh
Oluvannyuma lw'ekigambo eky'omukitundu ky'ekigambo eky'omulimu ogw'ekitundu eky'omukitundu:
LObutafaananyi
LObumege bwa bulijjo
Oluvannyuma lw'ebitundu eby'okulabirako, ekitundu eky'okulabirako abantu era n'ebitundu eby'okulabirako. Mu mbeera ey'okulabirako, eno n'obulwadde obw'okulabirako obusobozi bw'ebyo ebikwatibwako.
LEbiseera eby'obugwenyu
AISI 304 oba AISI 316 Oluvannyuma lw'ebitundu eby'okulabirako ebikwatibwako mu bitundu bisatu. Oluvannyuma lw'okulabirako olw'okulabirako era n'okulabirako, olw'okulabirako olw'okulabirako. Mu kiseera kino, kiyinza okugumira okunyiikirira abafuba n’abalala.
L'Aesthetic
Ekiragiro kino kiwandikawo embeera y'ebitundu eby'enjawulo. Oluvannyuma lw’okulabika kw’enjawulo era n’ebitundu eby’enjawulo bye bireetera okubeera n’abakozi mu nsi yonna.
LObulamu obulamu
Knoted kable mesh çok hava resistant bu yüzden en çıkış yağmur. omuyaga ogw’amaanyi. Era era n'okulabirako UV, korosiyon ve rust'e yüksek resistensi vardır. Mu kiseera kino, ebigambo byaffe ebiri mu ggwanga n’ebyo bye biba tebyetaagisa.
Ayrıca, kompanimizin tarafından sağlayan knoted kable mesh, arkadaşlı ve yeniden kullanılabilir. Ekiragiro kino kiwandikawo, ebitundu eby'enjawulo by'obubonero bw'ebitundu eby'enjawulo era n'ebitundu eby'enjawulo.
Ekiragiro ekigambo eky'omukitundu
Ekiragiro eky'okulabirako eky'okulabirako ekigambo eky'okulabirako eky'omulimu ogw'okulabirako,
Ebintu:
Erinnya ery’ekitundu eky’okulabirako.
L pattern: diamant.
L Cable material: stainless steel AISI 304, 304L, 316 oba 316L.
L Cable construction: 7 × 7 (1.5 mm, 2 mm oba 2.5 mm), 7 × 19 (3 mm, 4 mm)
L Cable diameter: 1/8", 3/32", 5/64 ", 1/16" ne 3/64.
L Mesh open bunene: 1" × 1", 1-1/2" × 1-1/2", 2" × 2", 3" × 3" ne 4" × 4.
L Standard mesh angison: 90 °.
L Mesh bunene: W: 20 mm to 120 mm; H: 20 mm to 120 mm.
Ennyiriri: