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Designed and compiled by the one in need of Allah’s pardon Aboo ‘Imraan ‘Abdus-Saboor bin Tomas Maldonado al-Mekseekee -may Allah forgive him, his family, and all of the Muslims may him family MuslimsSecond Edition Completed on Friday the 20th of Rabee’ al-Awwal 1429 A.H. corresponding to the 28th of March 2008 C E C.E. (The First Edition was made available on Salafyink.com) Copyright © 2008
[Permission is granted to all who wish to p g print this document for public or private use without the consent of the compiler under the p p p grounds that such printing be done solely for educational purposes without any desire for monetary profit or gains.]
Dedication:
To all of my Muslim brothers & sisters who are striving to learn the language of Allah’s Book and the tongue of our beloved Prophet (peace & blessings of Allah be upon him). O’ Allah benefit us with what You teach g p ) us, teach us what will benefit us, and provide us with knowledge that will benefit us.
Introduction
In the name of Allah the Beneficent, the Merciful, all praise is for Allah, Lord of all of the worlds. Peace and blessings be upon our Prophet Muhammad, upon his family, and all of his companions. To begin: The science of an-Nahw (Arabic Syntax) is a noble science indeed. A science of attainment where one attains two very important things, the first is the understanding of Allah’s Book and the Sunnah of His Messenger (peace & blessings of Allah be upon him). him) Indeed many of those understand them both or the understanding of many regarding both, are hesitant when both it comes to the knowledge of Arabic grammar. The second is to establish the tongue upon the tongue of the Arabs which is the speech of Allah, the Mighty &Majestic, or that which has been revealed in the speech of Allah, the Mighty & Majestic, so due to this the understanding of an-Nahw (Arabic Syntax) is very important. However anNahw (Arabic Syntax) at first is difficult but towards the end becomes easy. And we will narrate an example of a house fashioned f h f hi d from sugar cane, it d its door b i made of steel. M being d f t l Meaning it will b diffi lt t enter b t once one h i ill be difficult to t but has entered it everything after that is easy so due to this it is befitting for a person to strive upon learning the basics until the rest becomes easy for him. The one who says, “an-Nahw (Arabic Syntax) is too difficult” deserves no attention. Even to the pointthat the student actually imagines that he cannot master it and this is not correct, rather focus on the first part and the rest will become easy. There is one who once said:
{Nahw is difficult; its steps are long…When one who does not understand it becomes proficient in it…He desires to express himself in Arabic only to sound like the ‘Ajamee (the non-Arab).}
And hi is A d this i not correct. We do not agree with this. Rather we say, Allah willing, an-Nahw (A bi S W d i h hi R h All h illi N h (Arabic Syntax) i easy, i ) is its steps are short and its levels are easy from the very beginning you will begin to understand it. (ash-Shaykh Muhammad bin Saalih al-‘Uthaymeen (rahimahullah) in his Explanation of al-Aajjurromiyyah)
A Brief Biography of Ibn Aajurroom
He is Aboo ‘Abdillah Muhammad bin Muhammad bin Daawud as-Sanhaajee, the Faqih (Islamic Jurist), the Nahawee (Arabic grammarian), Moroccan by birthright, better known as Ibn Aajurroom which is a word taken from the Berber language of Amazigh and is alleged to mean “the poor Sufi”. Ibn ‘Anqaa said in al-Kawaakib-ud-Duriyyah (1/25) regarding the meaning of this name: “…it is a non-Arabic word of the Berbers said to mean the poor Sufi but I did not find the Berbers knowing it to mean that…rather it is a specific tribe from amongst the Berbers, a tribe named Banoo Aajurroom.” Ibn Aajurroom’s grandfather Daawud was the first person to be known by this nickname. He was born in Fez (Morocco) from an area known as Sanhaajah. He studied there and then desired ( ) j to go to Makkah for pilgrimage where he passed through Cairo and stayed there for a while to study under and obtain certification from the Andalusian grammarian Aboo Hayyaan Muhammad bin Yoosuf al-Granaatee (rahimahullah) who passed away in Cairo in the year 745 A.H. (1345 C.E.). While living some time in Makkah he authored al-Muqaddimat-ul-Aajurroomiyyah fee Mabaadee ‘Ilm-il‘Arabiyyah (the Introductory Text of al-Aajuroom regarding the Basic Fundamentals concerning the Science of the Arabic language). It was the primer text that was studied in the science of the Arabic language in his time which based its fundamental sections off of both the Kufi and Basri schools of g g grammar despite the fact that Ibn Aajurroom himself closely followed the school of the Kufis.
After returning from Makkah to Fez he remained teaching Arabic grammar and the Quran in Jaami’-ulJaami ul Hayy al-Andalusee (the Mosque of the Andalusian Quarter) until he died in the year 723 A.H. (1323 C.E.). Ibn Aajurroom was known for giving legal rulings as well as rectifying the peoples affairs and was described by his contemporaries as being a legal jurist, highly educated, a mathematician, the Imam of anan Nahw (Arabic grammar and syntax), and the one who had a vast knowledge of other sciences from them Tajweed and the recitation of the Quran. He has many other authored works in addition to various poems written in the meter of Rajaz. From them is his explanation of ash-Shaatibee’s (590 A.H./1194 C.E.) poem known as ash-Shaatibiyyah entitled Faraaid-ul-Ma’aanee fee Sharhi Hirzil-Amaatee reaching two volumes. The two volumes that were written by his hand are stored away in the library of Rabat, Morocco. Ibn ul Imaan al Hanbalee Ibn-ul-‘Imaan al-Hanbalee (rahimahullah) said of him in Shadhraat-udh-Dhahab: “Aboo ‘Abdillah Shadhraat udh Dhahab: Aboo Abdillah Muhammad bin Muhammad bin Daawud as-Sanhaajee known as Ibn Aajurroom, pronounced with a Fatah on the elongated Hamzah, a Dhammah on the Jeem and a Shaddah on the Raa, the meaning of his name in the language of the Berbers means ‘the poor Sufi’, he is the author of the well known introductory treatise on Arabic grammar al-Aajurroomiyyah”. al Aajurroomiyyah . And Ibn Maktoom (rahimahullah) made mention of him in his Tadhkarah saying: “An Arabic grammarian and reciter of the Quran, he had a vast knowledge of Islamic inheritance, arithmetic, outstanding manners, and he authored many beneficial works in addition to various poems written in the meter of Rajaz.” And another said of him: “He was known for grace and piety and what bears witness to this is the prevalence of benefit that is contained in his introductory work al-Aajurroomiyyah.” al Aajurroomiyyah.
ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ داود اﻟﺼﻨﻬﺎﺟﻲ، أﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﺪاﷲ. وﻟﺪ ﻓﻲ ﻓﺎس ﺳﻨﺔ 276 هـ وﺗﻮﻓﻲ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺳﻨﺔ 327 هـ
ﻣﺘﻦ اﻟْﺂﺟ ﱡوﻣﻴﺔ ِﻲ َﻟﻨﺤﻮ َ ْ ُ ُﺮ ِ ﱠ ِ ﻓ ا ﱠ ْ ِ
ِﺎﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﺑ َ ِْ
اﻟﻤﻔﻴﺪ ُُِْ
اﻟﻤﺮ ﱠﺐ ُ َآ ُ
اﻟﻠﻔﻆ ﱠْ ُ
اﻟﻜﻼم َ َُ
أﻗ َﺎ ُ اﻟﻜﻼم ﺛﻼﺛﺔ َ ْﺴ م َ َ ِ َ َ َ ُ
ﺣﺮ ف َْ ُ إﺳﻢ ِ ُْ ﻓﻌ ُ ِ ْﻞ
د ُﻮل اﻷﻟﻒ و اﻟﻼم ُﺧ ُ ِ ِ َ ﱠ ِ اﻟﺘﻨﻮﻳﻦ ﱠْ ِْ ُ اﻟﺨﻔﺾ َْ ُ
ﻗﺪ َْ
َﻠﻰ ﻋ َﻰ اﻟﻼم ﱠُ
ﻋﻦْ َ اﻟ َﺎف ﻜ ُ
ِﻟﻰ إ َﻰ
ﺣﺮو ُ ا َ ِ ِﻦ ُ ُوف اﻟﺨﻔْﺾ ﻣﻦْ ﺾ ﺮ ر ﱠ ُب ِﻲ ﻓ
َﺎ ﻻ ﻳﺼﻠﺢ ﻣ َ َ ُْ ُ َﻌﻪ دِﻴْﻞ ﻣ َ ُ َِﻴ ُ ﻟ اﻹﺳﻢ و ﻻ ِْ َ َ دﻟﻴْﻞ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ َِ ُ ِ ْ ِ
اﻟ ﱢﻴﻦ ﺴْ ُ ﺳﻮف ﺳ ف َﻮْ َ
اﻟ َﺎء ﺒ ُ
ﺣ ُوف اﻟﻘﺴﻢ ُﺮ ُ َ َ ِ
َﺎ ُاﻟﺘﺄﻧﻴْﺚ اﻟ ﱠﺎآﻨﺔ ﺗ ء ﱠ ِْ ِ ﺴ َِ ِ
اﻟ ﱠﺎء ﺘ ُ
1
اﻟ َﺎء ﺒ ُ
اﻟ َاو ﻮ ُ
ﺑَﺎب اﻹﻋ َاب ُ ِ ْﺮ ِ
اﻹﻋ َاب هﻮ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ أ َاﺧﺮ اﻟﻜﻠﻢ ِﺎﺧﺘﻼف اﻟﻌ َاﻣﻞ اﻟ ﱠاﺧﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻴ َﺎ ﻟﻔ ًﺎ أو ﺗﻘﺪﻳ ًا ِ ْﺮ ِ ُ َ َ ْ ِ ْ ُ َو ِ ِ َِ ِ ﻟ ْ ِ َ ِ َﻮ ِ ِ ﺪ َِ ِ ََ ْﻬ َ ْﻈ َ ْ َ ْ ِ ْﺮ
و أﻗ َﺎﻣﻪ أرﺑﻌﺔ َ ْﺴ ُ ُ ْ َ َ ٌ
4 3 2 1
ﺟﺰم ﺟ م َﺰْ ٌ
ﺧﻔﺾ ﺧﺾ َﻔْ ٌ
ﻧﺼﺐ ﻧ ﺐ َﺼْ ٌ
رﻓﻊ رﻊ َﻓْ ٌ
َ ِ ْﻌ ل ِﻦ ذِ َ ﺮ ْﻊ و و ﻟﻸﻓ َﺎل ﻣﻦ َﻟﻚ اﻟ ﱠﻓﻊ َ ِ ْ اﻟﻨﺼْﺐ و اﻟﺠﺰْم و ﻻ ﺧﻔﺾ َ َ َ َ َْ َ ﱠ ِﻴْﻬﺎ ﻓْ َﺎ ﻓ
2
ﻓِ ْﻤ ء ِﻦ ذِ َ ﺮ ْﻊ و َﻠﻸﺳ َﺎء ﻣﻦْ َﻟﻚ اﻟ ﱠﻓﻊ َ ِ اﻟﻨﺼْﺐ و اﻟﺨﻔْﺾ و ﻻ ﺟﺰم َ َ َ َْ َ َ ﱠ ِﻴْﻬﺎ ﻓْ َﺎ ﻓ
ﺑَﺎب ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋﻼ َﺎت اﻹﻋ َاب ُ َ ْ ِ َ ِ َ َﻣ ِ ْﺮ ِ
1
ِﻒ اﻟﻨﻮن ِﻠﺮﻓﻊ أ ﺑﻊ َ َ َﺎت ﻀﻤﺔ و ﻮ و و اﻷﻟﻒ و ﻨ ن ﻟﻠ ﱠﻓْﻊ َرْ َ ُ ﻋﻼﻣﺎ ٍ اﻟ ﱠ ﱠ ُ َ اﻟ َا ُ َ اﻷﻟ ُ َ اﻟ ﱡﻮ ُ ﻟ ﺮ ِ أرﺑﻊ ﻋﻼﻣ ت اﻟﻀﻤﺔ اﻟﻮاو
اﻟﺮﻓﻊ اﻟﺮﻓْﻊ ﱠ
2
ِﻠﻨﺼﺐ ﺧﻤﺲ ﻋﻼ َﺎت اﻟﻔﺘﺤﺔ و اﻷﻟﻒ و اﻟﻜﺴﺮة َاﻟ َﺎء و ﺣﺬف اﻟ ﱡﻮن ﻟ ﱠ ْ ِ َ ْ ُ َ َﻣ ٍ َ ْ َ ُ َ ِ ُ َ َ ْ َ ُ و ﻴ ُ َ َ ْ ُ ﻨ ِ
اﻟﻨﺼْﺐ ﱠ
3
ﻟﻠﺨﻔﺾ ﺛﻼث ﻋﻼ َﺎت اﻟﻜﺴﺮة و اﻟ َﺎء و اﻟﻔﺘﺤﺔ ِ ْ َ ْ ِ َ َ ُ َ َﻣ ٍ َ ْ َ ُ َ ﻴ ُ َ َ ْ َ ُ ِﻠﺠﺰ ِ َ َ َﺘ ن اﻟﺴﻜﻮن َ اﻟﺤﺬف ف ﻟﻠْ َﺰم ﻋﻼﻣﺘﺎ ِ اﻟ ﱡ ُ ن و اﻟ َﺬْ ُ ْ ﻼ َﺎن ﻜ ُ
3
اﻟﺨﻔْﺾ َ
4
اﻟﺠﺰم اﻟ َﺰْ ﺠ
ِﻠﺮﻓﻊ أرﺑﻊ ﻋﻼ َﺎت اﻟ ﱠ ﱠﺔ و اﻟ َاو و اﻷﻟﻒ و اﻟ ﱡﻮن ﻟ ﱠ ْ ِ َ ْ َ ُ َ َﻣ ٍ ﻀﻤ ُ َ ﻮ ُ َ ِ ُ َ ﻨ ُ
ﻓﺄ ﱠﺎ اﻟ ﱠ ﱠﺔ ﻓﺘ ُﻮن ﻋﻼﻣﺔ َﻠﺮﻓﻊ ِﻲ أرﺑﻌﺔ ﻣ َاﺿﻊ ِﻲ ََﻣ ﻀﻤ ُ َ َﻜ ُ َ َ ً ﻟ ﱠ ْ ِ ﻓ َ ْ َ َ ِ َﻮ ِ َ ﻓ
اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﻤ َﺎرع اﻟ ِي ﻟﻢ ﻳﺘﺼﻞ ِﺂﺧﺮﻩ ﺷﻲء ْ ِ ْ ِ َ ْ ُﻀ ِ ِ َﱠﺬ َ ْ َ ﱠ ِ ْ ﺑ ِ ِ ِ َ ْ ٌ ﺟﻤﻊ اﻟﻤﺆﻧﺚ َﻟ ﱠﺎﻟﻢ َ ْ ِ َْ ُ َﱠ ِ ا ﺴ ِ ِ ﺟﻤﻊ َﻟﺘﻜ ِﻴﺮ َ ْ ِ ا ﱠ ْﺴ 2 1
1
ﱠﻊ اﻟﺮﻓْﻊ
ا ِﺎﺳﻢ اﻟﻤﻔﺮد َﻟ ْ ِ َ ْ ُ ْ َ ِ
وأ ﱠﺎ اﻟ َا ُ ﻓﺘ ُﻮ ُ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ َﻠ ﱠﻓﻊ ِﻲ ﻣﻮﺿ َﻴﻦ ِﻲ َ َﻣ ﻮ و َ َ ُ ن َ َ ً ﻟ ﺮ ْ ِ ﻓ َ َ ِﻌ ِ ﻓ ﻜ ﱠ ذو ُو ﻓﻮ ُﻮ َ ﻤﻮ ﺣ ُﻮ أ ﺧﻮ َ ُﻮ أﺑﻮ َ ُﻮ أﺑ
ِﻲ وه ﻲ َِ َ ا ﺄ ﻤ ِ ا ﺨ ﺴﺔ َﻟْ َﺳْ َﺎء اﻟﺨﻤﺴ ِ اﻟﺄﺳﻤﺎء َﻟْ َﻤْ َﺔ
ﺟﻤﻊ اﻟﻤﺬ ﱠﺮ َﻟ ﱠﺎ ِﻢ َ ْ ِ َ ْ ُ َآ ِ ا ﺴ ﻟ ِ 3 4
ﺗﺜﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﺄﺳ َﺎء َﺎﺻﺔ َ ْ ِ َ ِ َ ْ َ ْﻤ ِ ﺧ ﱠ ً
ََﻣ ِ ُ َ َﻜ ُ َ َ ً ﻟ ﱠ ْﻊ ﻓﻲ وأ ﱠﺎ اﻷﻟﻒ ﻓﺘ ُﻮن ﻋﻼﻣﺔ َﻠﺮﻓ ِ ِﻲ وأ ﱠﺎ اﻟ ﱡﻮن ﻓﺘ ُﻮن ﻋﻼﻣﺔ َﻠﺮﻓﻊ ِﻲ ََﻣ ﻨ ُ َ َﻜ ُ َ َ ً ﻟ ﱠ ْ ِ ﻓ
اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﻤ َﺎرع, إ َا اﺗﺼﻞ ﺑﻪ َ ْ ِ ْ ِ َ ْ ُﻀ ِ ِ ِذ ِ ﱠ َ َ ِ ِ
ﺿ ِﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺆﻧﺜﺔ اﻟﻤ َﺎﻃﺒﺔ َﻤ ُ َ ْ ُ َ ﱠ َ ِ َ ْ ُﺨ َ َ ِ
ﺿ ِﻴﺮ ﺟﻤﻊ َﻤ ُ َ ْ ٍ
4
ﺿ ِﻴﺮ ﺗﺜﻨﻴﺔ َﻤ ُ َ ْ ِ َ ٍ
2
ِﻠ ﱠﺼﺐ ﺧﻤﺲ ﻋﻼ َﺎ ٍ اﻟﻔﺘﺤﺔ و اﻷﻟﻒ َ اﻟﻜﺴﺮَة َاﻟﻴَﺎء و ﺣﺬف اﻟ ﱡﻮن ﻟ ﻨ ْ ِ َ ْ ُ َ َﻣ ت َ ْ َ ُ َ ِ ُ و َ ْ ُ و ُ َ َ ْ ُ ﻨﻮ ِ ِﻊ َﻣ ْ َ ْ َ ُ َ َﻜ ن َﻠ ً ِ ﱠ ْ ِ ﻓ َﻠ َﺔ َﻮ ﺿﻊ ﻓَﺄ ﱠﺎ اﻟﻔﺘﺤﺔ ﻓﺘ ُﻮ ُ ﻋَﺎﻣﺔ ِﻠﻨﺼﺐ ِﻲ ﺛَﺎﺛ ِ ﻣ َا ِ َ ﻟ ﻮن
اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﻤ َﺎرع إ َا دﺧﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ َﺎﺻﺐ وﻟﻢ ﻳ ﱠﺼﻞ ﺑﺂﺧﺮﻩ ﺷﻲْء ْ ِ ْ ِ ْ ُﻀ ِ ِ ِذ َ َ َ َ َ ْ ِ ﻧ ِ ٌ َ َ ْ َﺘ ِ ْ ِ َ ِ ِ ِ َ ٌ
ﻧﺤﻮ: "رأﻳﺖ أ َﺎك وأ َﺎك" و َﺎ أﺷﺒﻪ ذﻟﻚ َ ْ َ ََ ْ ُ َﺑ َ ََﺧ َ َﻣ َ ْ َ َ َ ِ َ
اﻟﻨﺼﺐ اﻟﻨﺼْﺐ ﱠ
ﺟَﻤﻊ اﻟ ﱠﻜ ِﻴﺮ ْ ِ ﺘ ْﺴ ِ
اﻟﺎﺳﻢ اﻟﻤﻔﺮد ِْ ْ ِ ْ ُ ْ َ ِ
وأ ﱠﺎ اﻟﺄﻟﻒ: ﻓﺘ ُﻮن ﻋَﺎﻣﺔ ِﻠﻨﺼﺐ ِﻲ اﻟﺄﺳ َﺎء اﻟﺨﻤﺴﺔ ََﻣ َِْ ُ َ َﻜ ُ َﻠ َ ً ﻟ ﱠ ْ ِ ﻓ َْ ْﻤ ِ ْ َ ْ َ ِ
ﺟﻤﻊ اﻟﻤﺆﻧﺚ اﻟ ﱠﺎﻟﻢ َ ْ ِ ْ ُ َﱠ ِ ﺴ ِ ِ
وأ ﱠﺎ اﻟﻜﺴﺮة: ﻓﺘ ُﻮن ﻋَﺎﻣﺔ ِﻠﻨﺼﺐ ِﻲ َ َﻣ ْ َ ْ َ ُ َ َ ﻜ ُ َ ﻠ َ ً ﻟ ﱠ ْ ِ ﻓ
اﻟﺘﺜﻨﻴﺔ ﱠ َِْ ِ
اﻟﺠﻤﻊ َِْْ
ََﻣ ْﻴ ُ َﻜ ُ َﻠ َ ً ﻟ ﻨ ِ ﻓﻲ وأ ﱠﺎ اﻟ َﺎء: ﻓَﺘ ُﻮن ﻋَﺎﻣﺔ ِﻠ ﱠﺼﺐ ِﻲ ََ ﱠﺎ َﺬْ ُ اﻟﻨﻮن ََ ُ ُ ََﺎ َ ً ِﻠﻨﺼﺐ ِﻲ وأﻣﺎ ف اﻟ ﱡ ِ ﻓﻴﻜﻮن ﻠ ﺔ ﻟﻠ ﱠ ْ ِ ﻓ أ ﺣﺬف ﻨ ﻓ ﻜ ﻋﻠﺎﻣﺔ ﻟ ﻨ
5
ﺄ ﻌ ِ ﺨ َﺔ ﺘ ر ﻌﻬ ﺜ َﺎت ﻨ ن اﻟْ َﻓْ َﺎل اﻟْ َﻤْ ِ اﻟْﺘ َﻓْ ُ َﺎ ﺑ َﺒ ِ اﻟﻨﻮ ِ اﻟﺄﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﺨﻤﺴﺔ اﻟ ِﻲ رﻓﻌﻬﺎ ِﺜﺒﺎت اﻟ ﱡﻮن
ﻟﻠﺨﻔﺾ ﺛﻼث ﻋﻼ َﺎ ٍ اﻟﻜﺴﺮة و اﻟ َﺎء و اﻟﻔﺘﺤﺔ ِ ْ َ ْ ِ َ َ ُ َ َﻣ ت َ ْ َ ُ َ ﻴ ُ َ َ ْ َ ُ
َ َ ﱠﺎ ﻜ ﺮة ﻓﺘﻜ ن ﻋﻠ ﻣﺔ ﻟﻠْ َﻔ ِ ِﻲ َ َﺎ َﺔ ﻣﻮاﺿﻊ ِﻲ ﻓﺄﻣﺎ اﻟْ َﺴْ َ ُ: َ َ ُﻮ ُ َ َﺎ َ ً ِﻠﺨﻔْﺾ ﻓﻲ ﺛﻠﺎﺛﺔ َ َاﺿ َ: ﻓﻲ ﻓﺄﻣ اﻟﻜﺴﺮة ﻓﺘﻜﻮن ﻋﻠﺎﻣﺔ ﺨ ﺾ ﻓ ﺛﻠ ﺛ ِ ﻣﻮ ِﻊ ﻓ ﺟﻤﻊ اﻟﻤ َ ﱠ ِ اﻟ ﱠﺎ ِﻢ َ ْ ِ ْ ُﺆﻧﺚ ﺴ ﻟ ِ َ ْ ِ ﺘ ْ ِ ْ ُ ْ َ ِف ﺟﻤﻊ اﻟ ﱠﻜﺴِﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﻨﺼﺮ ِ وأ ﱠﺎ اﻟ َﺎء: ﻓﺘ ُﻮن ﻋ َﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﻔﺾ ِﻲ ﺛ َﺎﺛﺔ ﻣ َاﺿﻊ: ِﻲ ََﻣ ْﻴ ُ َ َﻜ ُ َﻠ َ ً ِ ْ َ ْ ِ ﻓ َﻠ َ ِ َﻮ ِ َ ﻓ
3
َﺾ اﻟﺨﻔْﺾ
ْﺎ ْ ِ ْ ُ ْﺮد ْ ُ ْ َ ِف اﻟ ِﺳﻢ اﻟﻤﻔ َ ِ اﻟﻤﻨﺼﺮ ِ
اﻟﺠﻤﻊ َِْْ
اﺘ ﻴِ اﻟ ﱠﺜْﻨ َﺔ ِﻴ
اﻟﺄﺳ َﺎء اﻟﺨﻤﺴﺔ ْ َ ْﻤ ِ ْ َ ْ َ ِ
ََ ﱠﺎ اﻟْ َﺘْ َ ُ: َ َ ُ ُ َ َﺎ َ ً ِﻠﺨﻔْﺾ ِﻲ وأﻣﺎ ﻔ ﺔ ﻓﺘﻜ ن ﻋﻠ ﺔ ﻟﻠْ َﻔ ِ ﻓ أ اﻟﻔﺘﺤﺔ ﻓﺘﻜﻮن ﻋﻠﺎﻣﺔ ﺨ ﺾ
اﻟﺎﺳﻢ اﻟ ِي َﺎ ﻳﻨﺼﺮف ْ ِ ْ ِ ﱠﺬ ﻟ َ ْ َ ِ ُ
6
ﻟِﻠﺠﺰم ﻋﻼﻣ َﺎن اﻟ ﱡ ُﻮ ُ و اﻟﺤﺬف ْ َﺰْ ِ َ َ َﺘ ِ ﺴﻜﻮن َ َ ْ ُ ن ﺠ
ﻓﺄ ﱠﺎ اﻟﺴ ُﻮن ﻓﻴ ُﻮن ﻋ َﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﺰم ِﻲ َ َﻣ ﱡﻜ ُ َ َﻜ ُ َﻠ َ ً ِ ْ َ ْ ِ ﻓ
1
4
ﺠﺰم اﻟ َﺰْم ﺠ
ﻔ ﻞ ﻤﻀ رع ﱠﺤﻴﺢ ﺂﺧﺮ اﻟْﻔﻌْﻞ اﻟﻤﻀﺎ ِ ِ اﻟﺼﺤ ﺢ اﻟﺂ ِ ِ اﻟ ِﻌ ِ اﻟْ ُ َﺎرع اﻟﺼ ِﻴ ِ اﻟَْﺧﺮ وأ ﱠﺎ اﻟﺤﺬف ﻓﻴ ُﻮن ﻋ َﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﺰم ِﻲ ََﻣ ْ َ ْ ُ َ َﻜ ُ َﻠ َ ً ِ ْ َ ْ ِ ﻓ
2
ﺄ ﻌ ل ﺨ ﺴﺔ ﺘ ر ﻌﻬ ﺜﺒ ت ﻨ ن اﻟَْﻓْ َﺎل اﻟْ َﻤْ َﺔ اﻟْﺘﻲ َﻓْ ُ َﺎ ﺑ َ َﺎت اﻟﻨﻮ ِ اﻟﺄﻓﻌﺎ ِ اﻟﺨﻤﺴ ِ اﻟ ِﻲ رﻓﻌﻬﺎ ِﺜﺒﺎ ِ اﻟ ﱡﻮن
7
ﻔ ﻞ ﻤ َﺎرع اﻟﻤﻌﺘﻞ ﺂﺧﺮ اﻟْﻔﻌْﻞ اﻟْ ُﻀ رع ﻤ ﺘﻞ اﻟﺂ ِ ِ اﻟ ِﻌ ِ اﻟﻤﻀﺎ ِ ِ اﻟْ ُﻌْ َ ﱢ اﻟَْﺧﺮ
اﻟﻤﻌﺮ َﺎت ﻗﺴ َﺎن َ ْ ُ ْ َﺑ ُ ِ ْ ﻤ ِ
وﻗﺴﻢ ﻳﻌﺮب ِﺎﻟﺤ ُوف َ ِ ْ ٌ ُ ْ َ ُ ﺑ ْ ُﺮ ِ اﻟﺬ ﻳﻌﺮب ﺑ ﺤﺮ ِ أرﺑﻌﺔ أ ﻮ ع و ﻟ ِي ﻳ ﺮب ِﺎﻟﺤﺮوف أ ﺑﻌﺔ أﻧﻮا ٍ َ اﱠﺬي ُﻌْ َ ُ ﺑﺎﻟ ُ ُوف َرْ َ َ ُ َﻧْ َاع
1 2
ﻓﺼﻞ اﻟﻤﻌﺮ َﺎت َ ْ ٌ َ ْ ُ ْ َﺑ ُ
ﻗﺴﻢ ﻳﻌﺮب ِﺎﻟﺤﺮ َﺎت ِ ْ ٌ ُ ْ َ ُ ﺑ ْ َ َآ ِ ﻓﺎﻟﺬ ﻳﻌﺮب ﺑ ﺤﺮآ ِ أرﺑﻌﺔ أ ﻮ ع ﻓﺎﻟ ِي ﻳ ﺮب ِﺎﻟﺤﺮآﺎت أ ﺑﻌﺔ أﻧﻮا ٍ َ َﱠﺬي ُﻌْ َ ُ ﺑﺎﻟْ َ َ َﺎت َرْ َ َ ُ َﻧْ َاع اِﺎﺳﻢ اﻟﻤﻔﺮد َﻟ ْ ُ َ ْ ُ ْ َ ُ و آﻠ َﺎ ﺗﺮﻓﻊ ِﺎﻟﻀﻤﺔ و َ ُﱡﻬ ُ ْ َ ُ ﺑ ﱠ ﱠ ِ َ ﺗﻨﺼﺐ ِﺎﻟﻔﺘﺤﺔ و ﺗﺨﻔﺾ ُ ْ َ ُ ﺑ َ ْ َ ِ َ ُ َْ ُ ِﺎﻟﻜﺴﺮ ِ و ُ ْ َ ُ ِﺎﻟﺴﻜﻮن ﺑﺎﻟ َ ْ َة َ ﺗﺠﺰم ﺑﺎﻟ ﱡﻜ ِ ُ ﻜ ة ﺗ ﺰ ﺟﻤﻊ َﻟﺘﻜ ِﻴﺮ َ ْ ُ ا ﱠ ْﺴ ِ َ ْ ُ َ ْ ُ َ ﱠ ِ ا ﺴ ِﻢ ﺟﻤﻊ اﻟﻤﺆﻧﺚ َﻟ ﱠﺎﻟ ِ
اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﻤ َﺎرع اﻟ ِي ﻟﻢ ﻳﺘﺼﻞ ْ ِ ْ ُ َ ْ ُﻀ ِ ُ َﱠﺬ َ ْ َﱠ ِ ْ ِﺂﺧﺮﻩ ﺷﻲء ﺑ ِ ِِ َ ْ ٌ
1 2 3 4 1
ﻓَﺘﺮﻓﻊ ِﺎﻷﻟﻒ و ﺗﻨﺼﺐ و ﺗﺨﻔﺾ ِﺎﻟ َﺎء ُ َْ ُ ﺑ ِ ِ َ ُ ْ َ ُ َ ُ َْ ُ ﺑ ﻴ ِ
اﻟ ﱠﺜ ِ َﺔ ﺘ ْﻨﻴ ُ ِﻴ
2
َ ْ ُ اﻟ ُ َآﺮ اﻟﺴﺎ ِﻢ ﻓﻴﺮﻓﻊ ﺑﺎﻟ َاو َ ﻳﻨﺼﺐ َ ُﺨْ َ ُ ﺑﺎﻟَﺎء ﺟﻤﻊ ﺬ ﱠ ِ اﻟ ﱠﺎﻟ ِ َُ ْ َ ُ ِﺎﻟﻮا ِ و ُﻨْ َ ُ و ﻔﺾ ِﺎﻟﻴﺎ ِ ﻳﺨﻔﺾ ﻟ ﻓ ﻓ اﻟﻤﺬآ
3
ﻓﺘﺮﻓﻊ ِﺎﻟ َاو و ﺗﻨﺼﺐ و ﺗﺨﻔﺾ ِﺎﻟ َﺎء َُ ْ َ ُ ﺑ ﻮ ِ َ ُ ْ َ ُ َ ُ ْ َ ُ ﺑ ﻴ ِ
اﻷﺳ َﺎء اﻟﺨﻤﺴﺔ ْﻤ ُ َ ْ َ ُ و ﺧﺮج ﻋﻦ ذﻟﻚ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ أﺷ َﺎء َ َ َ َ َ ْ َ ِ َ َ َ َ ُ َ ْﻴ َ
4
ﻓﺘﺮﻓﻊ ِﺎﻟ ﱡﻮن وﺗﻨﺼﺐ و ﺗﺠﺰم ﺑﺤﺬﻓ َﺎ َ ُ ْ َ ُ ﺑ ﻨ ِ َ ُ ْ َ ُ َ ُ ْ َ ُ ِ َ ْ ِﻬ
اﻷﻓ َﺎل اﻟﺨﻤﺴﺔ ْﻌ ُ َ ْ َ ُ
ﺟﻤﻊ اﻟﻤﺆﻧﺚ اﻟ ﱠﺎﻟﻢ ﻳﻨﺼﺐ ِﺎﻟﻜﺴﺮة َ ْ ُ ُ َﱠ ِ ﺴ ِ ِ ُ ْ َ ُ ﺑ َ ْ َ ِ و اﻹﺳﻢ اﻟ ِي ﻻ ﻳﻨﺼﺮف ﻳﺨﻔﺾ ِﺎﻟﻔﺘﺤﺔ َ ْ ُ ﱠﺬ َ َ ْ َ ِ ُ ُ ْ َ ُ ﺑ َ ْ َ ِ
1 2 3
ﺗﻔﻌﻠﻴﻦ َ ْ َِ ْ َ
ﺗﻔﻌُﻮن َ ْ َﻠ َ
ﻳﻔﻌﻼن ﺗﻔﻌﻼن ﻳﻔﻌُﻮن َ ْ َ َ ِ َ ْ َ َ ِ َ ْ َﻠ َ
وهﻰ
8
و اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﻤ َﺎرع اﻟﻤﻌﺘ ﱡ اﻵﺧﺮ ﻳﺠﺰم ﺑﺤﺬف ﺁﺧﺮﻩ َ ِ ْ ُ ُ ﻀ ِ ُ ُ ْ َﻞ ِ ُ ُ ْ َ ُ ِ َ ْ ِ ِ ِ ِ
َﺎب اﻟﺄﻓ َﺎل ﺑ ُ َ ْ َ ْﻌ ِ
أﻣﺮ أ ﺮ َﻣْ ٌ
3
ﻣﻀ ِع ﻣﻀﺎرع ُ َﺎر ٌ
2
ﻣﺎض
1
ﻧﺤﻮ ﺿﺮب, وﻳﻀﺮب, َاﺿﺮب َ ْ َ َ َ َ ََ ْ ِ ُ و ْ ِ ْ
أﻣﺮ َ ٌْ ﻣ َﺎرع ُﻀ ِ ٌ
اﻟْْﺄﻓ َﺎ ُ ﺛ َﺎﺛﺔ َ َ ْﻌ ل َ ﻠ َ ٌ ﺄ
َﺎﻟ َﺎ ِﻲ ﻓ ْﻤ ﺿ
ﻣﺠﺰوم ََ ًا أ َﺪ َﺑ
َﺎ َﺎ َ ﻓﻲ َ ﱠﻟﻪ ِﺣﺪى اﻟﺰوا ِﺪ َﻟَْرْ َﻊ َﱠﺘﻲ َﺠْ َ ُ َﺎ َﻮُْ َ "َ َﻴْ ُ" ﻣ آﺎن ﻓ أوﻟ ِ ﺪ ا ﺰ َاﺋﺪ اﻟﺄرﺑ ِ اﻟﺘ ﻳ ﻤﻌﻬ ﻗﻮﻟﻚ أﻧﻴﺖ ﻣﺎ آ ن ِﻲ أوِﻪ إﺣْ َى َﻟ ﱠو ﺋ ِ ا ﺄ ﺑﻊ اﻟ ِﻲ ﻳﺠﻤﻌﻬﺎ ﻗ ﻟﻚ أﻧ ﺖ وهﻮ ﻣﺮ ُﻮع أﺑ ًا, ﺣ ﱠﻰ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ َﺎﺻﺐ أو َﺎزم َ ُ َ َ ْﻓ ٌ َ َﺪ َﺘ َ ْ ُ َ ََ ْ ِ ﻧ ِ ٌ َ ْ ﺟ ِ ٌ
ﻣَﻔ ُﻮ ُ اﻟْﺂﺧﺮ ََ ًا ُْْ ح َ ِ ِ أ َﺪ َﺑ ﺘ
َاﻟﺠ َازم ﺛ َﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ وهﻲ و ْ َﻮ ِ ُ َﻤ ِ َ َ َ َ َ َ ِ َ
ﻟ ا ﺄ ِ و ﱡﻋ ء ﻟﺎم َﻟْ َﻣﺮ واﻟﺪﻋﺎ ِ َﺎ ُ اﻟﺄﻣْﺮ َاﻟﺪ َﺎء
ﻓﺎﻟﻨﻮاﺻﺐ ﻋﺸﺮة, وهﻲ َ َ ٌَ َ ِ َ ﻟﻢْ َ ﻟ َﺎم آﻲ ﻟُ َ ْ
َﺎم اﻟﺠ ُﻮد ﻟ ُ َ ْ ُﺤ ِ أوْ َ اﻟ َاو ْﻮ ِ ْﺠﻮ ُ ﺑ ْﻔ ء اﻟ َ َاب ِﺎﻟ َﺎ ِ ﺠﻮ ِ
أﻟﻤﺎ َ َ ﱠﺎ أﻟ ﻤ َﺎ ﻣ إن ِْ
أﻟﻢْ ََ أﻟ
ﻟﻤﺎ َ ﱠﺎ ﻟﻤ
ﻣﻦ َْ أﻳﻦ َْ َ
" َﺎ" ِﻲ َﻟﻨﻬﻲ َاﻟﺪ َﺎء ﻟ ﻓ ا ﱠ ْ ِ و ﱡﻋ ِ
إ ذ ن آﻲ َِ ْ َ ْ
ﻟﻦ َْ
أن َْ
ﻣ َﻰ َﺘ
أي
إذ َﺎ ِ ْﻣ
ﻣﻬ َﺎ َ ْﻤ أ ﱠﺎن َﻳ َ
9
ﺣﺘﻰ َ ﱠﻰ
وإ ًا ِﻲ َﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ َ ِذ ﻓ ا ﱢ ْ ِ
أ ﱠﻰ ﺣﻴﺜ َﺎ آﻴﻔ َﺎ َ ْ ُﻤ َ ْ َﻤ َﻧ
َﺎب ﻣﺮ ُﻮ َﺎت اﻟﺄﺳ َﺎء ﺑ ُ َ ْﻓ ﻋ ِ َ ْ َ ْﻤ ِ اﻟﻤﺮ ُﻮ َﺎت ﺳﺒﻌﺔ وهﻲ َ ْ َ ْﻓ ﻋ ُ َ ْ َ ٌ َ ِ َ
اﻟ َﺎﻋﻞ َ ْﻔ ِ ُ
وﺧﺒﺮﻩ َ ََ ُ ُ
4 1
اﻟﻤﺒﺘﺪأ ْ ُ ْ َ َُ
3
اﻟﻤﻔ ُﻮل اﻟ ِي ﻟﻢ ﻳﺴ ﱠ َﺎﻋﻠﻪ ْ َ ْﻌ ُ َﱠﺬ َ ْ ُ َﻢ ﻓ ُِ ُ
2
ﺧﺒﺮ "إن" وأﺧ َاﺗ َﺎ َ َ ُ ِ ﱠ ََ َﻮ ِﻬ
6
اﺳﻢ " َﺎن" وأﺧ َاﺗ َﺎ ْ ُ آ َ ََ َﻮ ِﻬ
5
اﻟ ﱠﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻠﻤﺮ ُﻮع, وهﻮ أرﺑﻌﺔ أﺷ َﺎء ﺘ ِ ُ ِ ْ َ ْﻓ ِ َ ُ َ َ ْ َ َ ُ َ ْ ﻴ َ
7
اﻟَْ َل ْ َﺪ ُ ﺒ
اﻟ ﱠ ْآ ﺪ اﻟﱠﻮْ ِﻴ ُ ﺘ آ
01
ْ ْﻒ اﻟﻌَﻄ ُ
َﻟ ﱠ ﺖ َﻟﱠﻌْ ُ اﻨ
ﻣﺮ ُﻮ َﺎت اﻟﺄﺳ َﺎء َ ْﻓ ﻋ ِ َ َْ ْﻤ ِ
اﻟ َﺎﻋﻞ هﻮ َ ْﻔ ِ ُ ُ َ ا ﻤ ﻓ ع ا ﻤ آ ر ﻗ ﻠﻪ ِﻌﻠﻪ اﻻﺳﻢ َﻟْ َﺮْ ُﻮ ُ َﻟْ َﺬْ ُﻮ ُ َﺒَْ ُ ﻓﻌُْﻪ اﻟﻤﺮﻓﻮع اﻟﻤﺬآﻮر ﻗﺒﻠﻪ ﻠ ُ
2 وهﻮ ﻋَﻰ ﻗﺴﻤﻴﻦ َ ُ َ َﻠ ِ ْ َ ْ ِ
َﺎب اﻟ َﺎﻋﻞ ﺑ ُ َ ْﻔ ِ ِ
َﺎهﺮ ﻇ ٍِ
َﺎﻟ ﱠﺎهﺮ ﻧﺤﻮ ﻗﻮﻟﻚ ﻓ ﻈ ِ ُ َ ْ َ َ ِْ َ 1
ﻣﻀ َﺮ ُ ْﻤ
َاﻟﻤﻀﻤﺮ اﺛ َﺎ ﻋﺸﺮ, ﻧﺤﻮ ﻗﻮﻟﻚ و ْ ُ ْ َ ُ ِ ْﻨ َ َ َ َ ْ َ َ ْ ِ َ
ﺿﺮﺑﺘ ﱠ َ َ ْ ُﻦ ﺿﺮب ََ َ َ ََﺖْ ﺿﺮﺑ ﺿ ﺿ َ َﺎ ﺮﺑ َﺮﺑ ﺿﺮﺑﻮا َ َُ ﺿﺮﺑﻦ
ﺿﺮﺑﺖ َ َْ ُ ﺿﺮﺑ َﺎ َ َ ْﻨ ََﺖ ﺿﺮﺑْ َ ﺿ َﺮﺑﺖ ,ﺿ َﺑْ ِ ﺮ ﺿﺮﺑﺘ َﺎ َ َ ْ ُﻤ ﺿﺮﺑﺘﻢ َ َ ُْ ْ
َﺎم أ ُﻮك ﻗ َ َﺧ َ ﻳ ُﻮم أ ُﻮك َ ﻘ ُ َﺧ َ َﺎ َ ﻏﻠﺎ ِﻲ ﻗﺎم ُ َﺎﻣ ﻗ ﻏﻠ ﻳ ُﻮم ﻏ َﺎﻣﻲ َﻘ ُ ُﻠ ِ و َﺎ أﺷﺒﻪ ذﻟﻚ َﻣ َ ْ َ َ َ ِ َ
َﺎم َﻟﺮ َﺎل ﻗ َ ا ﱢﺟ ُ ﻳ ُﻮم َﻟﺮ َﺎل َﻘ ُ ا ﱢﺟ ُ ﻗﺎﻣﺖ اﻟﻬﻨﻮد َﺎ َﺖْ َﻟْ ُ ُ ُ ا ﻨ ﻗ ﺗ ُﻮم اﻟﻬ ُﻮد َ ﻘ ُ َ ْ ُﻨ
َﺎﻣﺖ هﻨﺪ ﻗ َ ْ ٌِْ َﺎﻣﺖ اﻟﻬﻨﺪ ﻗ َ ْ َْ ِ ْ ُ َﺎﻣﺖ اﻟﻬﻨ َان ﻗ َ ْ ْ ِ ْﺪ ِ ﺗ ُﻮم اﻟﻬﻨ َان َ ﻘ ُ ْ ِ ْﺪ ِ
َﺎم زﻳﺪ ﻗ َ ٌَْ َﻳ ُﻮم زﻳﺪ َﻘ ُ َ ْ ٌ ﱠﺪن ﻗﺎم اﻟﺰﻳﺪا ِ َﺎ َ اﻟﺰﻳْ َان ﻗ ﻳ ُﻮم اﻟﺰﻳ َان َ ﻘ ُ ﱠ ْﺪ ِ َ َﺎم اﻟﺰﻳ ُون ﻗ َ ﱠ ْﺪ َ ﻳ ُﻮم اﻟﺰﻳ ُون َﻘ ُ ﱠ ْﺪ َ
َﺎﻣﺖ اﻟﻬﻨ َات ﻗ َ ْ ْ ِ ْﺪ ُ
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ﺗ ُﻮم اﻟﻬﻨ َات َ ﻘ ُ ْ ِ ْﺪ ُ
ﻣﺮ ُﻮ َﺎت اﻟﺄﺳ َﺎء َ ْﻓ ﻋ ِ َ َْ ْﻤ ِ
َﺎب ﺑ ُ
اﻟﻤﻔ ُﻮل اﱠﺬي ﻟﻢْ ُﺴ ﱠ َﺎﻋﻠﻪ َ ْ َ ْﻌﻮ ِ َﻟ ِي َ ﻳ َﻢ ﻓ ُِ ُ ل
اِﺎﺳﻢ اﻟﻤﺮ ُﻮع اﻟ ِي ﻟﻢ ﻳﺬآﺮ ﻣﻌﻪ َﺎﻋﻠﻪ َﻟ ْ ُ َ ْ َ ْﻓ ُ َﱠﺬ َ ْ ُ ْ َ ْ َ َ ُ ﻓ ُِ ُ ﻓِنْ َﺎ َ اﻟْﻔﻌْﻞ َﺎﺿ ًﺎ ُ ﱠ َ ﱠﻟ ُ َآﺴ َ َﺎ َْ َ ﺁﺧﺮﻩ, وِنْ َﺎ َ ُ َﺎر ًﺎ ُ ﱠ َ ﱠﻟ ُ َﻓﺘ َ َﺎ َْ َ ﺁﺧﺮﻩ َﺈ آﺎن َ ْ ِ ُ ﻣﺎ ِﻴ ﺿﻢ أوُﻪ و ُ ِﺮ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ِ ِ ِ َإ آﺎن ُﻀﺎ ِﻋ ﺿﻢ أوُﻪ و ُ ِﺢ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ِ ِ ِ ْﻞ إ آ ﻣ ْﻞ ﺈ آ ﻔ
وَهﻮ ﻋ َﻰ ﻗﺴﻤﻴﻦ ُ َ َﻠﻰ ِ ْ َ ْ ِ َﺎهﺮ, وﻣﻀﻤﺮ ﻇ ٍِ َُ ٍَْ
واﻟﻤﻀﻤﺮ اﺛ َﺎ ﻋﺸﺮ َ ْ ُ ْ َ ُ ِ ْﻨ َ َ َ
ﻓﺎﻟ ﱠﺎهﺮ ﻧﺤﻮ ﻗﻮﻟﻚ َ ﻈ ِ ُ َ ْ َ َ ِْ َ
ﺿﺮﺑﺖ ُ َِ ْ ﺿﺮ َﺎ ُ ِﺑ ﺿﺮﺑﻮا ُ ُِ ُﺮﺑﻦ ﺿ
ﺿﺮﺑﺘ َﺎ ُ ِ ْ ُﻤ ﺿﺮﺑﺘﻢ ُ ِ ُْ ْ ﺿﺮﺑ ﺘ ﱠ ُ ِ ْ ُﻦ ﺿﺮب ُِ َ
ﺿﺮﺑﺖ ُ ِْ ُ ﺿﺮﺑ َﺎ ُ ِ ْﻨ ﺿﺮﺑﺖ ُ ِْ َ ﺿﺮﺑﺖ ُ ِْ ِ
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ﺿﺮب زﻳﺪ ُ ِ َ ٌَْ ﻳﻀﺮب زﻳﺪ ُ ْ َ ُ ٌَْ أآﺮم ﻋﻤ ٌو ُ ْ ِ َ َ ْﺮ ﻳﻜﺮم ﻋﻤ ٌو ُ ْ َ ُ َ ْﺮ
ﻣﺮ ُﻮ َﺎت اﻟﺄﺳ َﺎء َ ْﻓ ﻋ ِ َ َْ ْﻤ ِ
َﺎب اﻟﻤﺒﺘﺪأ َاﻟﺨﺒﺮ ﺑ ُ َ ْ ُ ْ َ َِ و ْ َ َ ِ
اﻟﻤﺒﺘﺪأ : هﻮ اِﺎﺳﻢ اﻟﻤﺮ ُﻮع اﻟ َﺎ ِي ﻋﻦ اﻟﻌ َاﻣﻞ َﻟﻠﻔﻈﻴﺔ َﻟ ْ ُ َ ْ َ ْﻓ ُ َ ْﻌ ر َ ْ َ ْ َﻮ ِ ِ ا ﱠ ْ ِ ﱠ ِ َ ْ ُ ْ َ َُ واﻟﻤﺒﺘﺪأ ﻗﺴ َﺎن ِ ْﻤ ِ
َاﻟﺨﺒﺮ و ْ ََ ُ هﻮ اِﺎﺳﻢ اﻟﻤﺮ ُﻮع اﻟﻤﺴﻨﺪ إﻟﻴﻪ, ﻧﺤﻮ ﻗﻮﻟﻚ ُ َ َﻟ ْ ُ َ ْ َ ْﻓ ُ َ ْ ُ ْ َ ُ َِ ْ ِ َ ْ َ َ ِْ َ اﻟﺰﻳ ُون َﺎﺋ ُﻮن ﱠ ْﺪ َ ﻗ ِ ﻤ َ اﻟﺰﻳ َان َﺎﺋ َﺎن ﱠ ْﺪ ِ ﻗ ِ ﻤ ِ زﻳﺪ َﺎﺋﻢ ٌَْ ﻗ ٌِ
اﻟﺨ ﻗﺴﻤﺎن واﻟﺨﺒﺮ ﻗ ﺎن
ارﺑﻌﺔ اﺷﻴﺎء
ﻣﻀﻤﺮ ُﻀْ َ ٌ ﻣﻔﺮد
ﻓﺎﻟﻤﻔﺮد ﻧﺤﻮ زﻳﺪ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ 1
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ﻇﺎ ِﺮ َﺎه ٌ ﻇه
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ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻔﺮد
1
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واﻟﻤﻀﻤﺮ اﺛﻨﺎ ﻋﺸﺮ وهﻰ
َﺎﻟ ﱠﺎهﺮ َﺎ ﺗﻘﺪم ذآﺮﻩ ﻓ ﻈ ِ ُ ﻣ ََ ﱠ َ ِ ْ ُُ
اﻟﺠﺎر واﻟﻤﺠﺮور
زﻳﺪ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺪار
أﻧﺖ َ أﻧﺘﻢ أ ُﺘ ﻧ
ﻧﺤﻦ أﻧﺘﻤﺎ أﻧﺘ ﺎ هﻮ هﻢ
أﻧﺎ ﺖ أﻧ ِ أﻧﺖ أﻧﺘﻦ هﻤﺎ
اﻟﻈﺮف
زﻳﺪ ﻋﻨﺪك
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هﻰ
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اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻣﻊ ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻪ
زﻳﺪ ﻗﺎم اﺑﻮﻩ
هﻦ
اﻟﻤﺒﺘﺪأ ﻣﻊ ﺧﺒﺮﻩ
زﻳﺪ ﺟﺎرﻳﺘﻪ زاهﺒﺔ
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ﻧﺤﻮ ﻗﻮﻟﻚ )أﻧﺎ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ( و)ﻧﺤﻦ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﻮن( وﻣﺎ أﺷﺒﻪ ذﻟﻚ
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ﻣﺮ ُﻮ َﺎت اﻟﺄﺳ َﺎء َ ْﻓ ﻋ ِ َ َْ ْﻤ ِ
َﺎب اﻟﻌ َاﻣﻞ َﻟ ﱠاﺧﻠﺔ ﻋ َﻰ اﻟﻤﺒﺘﺪأ َاﻟﺨﺒﺮ ﺑ ُ َ ْ َ ﻮ ِ ِ ا ﺪ ِ َ ِ َﻠ َ ْ ُ ْ َ َ ِ و ْ َ َ ِ
و ِﻲ ﺛﻠ ﺛﺔ أﺷﻴﺎء َه َ َ َﺎ َ ُ َﺷَْﺎ َ ه ﺛﻠﺎﺛﺔ أ
ﻇَﻨﻨﺖ وأﺧ َاﺗ َﺎ َ ْ ُ َ َ َﻮ ُ ﻬ
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ِ ﱠ وأﺧ َاﺗ َﺎ إن ََ َﻮ ُﻬ
ﻓﺈﻧ َﺎ ﺗﻨﺼﺐ اﻻﺳﻢ وﺗﺮﻓﻊ اﻟﺨﺒﺮ َ ِ ﱠﻬ َ ْ ِ ُ ْ َ َ َ ْ َ ُ ْ َ َ َ َﻜﻦ ِﻦ ﻟﻜ ﱠ ﻟ ﻌﻞ ََ ﱠ ََن أن أﱠ ﻟﻴ ﺖ َْ َ وﻣﻌ َﻰ إن وأن ِﻠﺘﻮ ِﻴﺪ َ َ ْﻨ ِ ﱠ ََ ﱠ ﻟ ﱠ ْآ ِ وﻟ ِﻦ ﻟﻠ ﺘ ر ك وﻟﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﺎﺳ ِﺪرا ِ ََﻜ ﱠ ِِﺎﺳْﺘﺪْ َاك وآﺄن ِﻠﺘﺸ ِﻴﻪ َ َ َ ﱠ ﻟ ﱠ ْﺒ ِ وﻟﻴﺖ ِﻠﺘﻤ ﱢﻲ َ َ ْ َ ﻟ ﱠ َﻨ إن ِن ﱠ آﺄن ََ ﱠ
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َﺎن وأﺧ َاﺗ َﺎ آ َ َ َ َﻮ ُﻬ
ﻓﺈﻧ َﺎ ﺗﺮﻓﻊ اِﺎﺳﻢ, وﺗﻨﺼﺐ اﻟﺨﺒﺮ َِﱠﻬ َ ْ َ ُ َﻟ ْ َ َ َ ْ ِ ُ َ ْ َ َ َ
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ﻓﺈﻧ َﺎ ﺗﻨﺼﺐ اﻟﻤﺒﺘﺪأ َاﻟﺨﺒﺮ ﻋَﻰ َ ِ ﱠﻬ َ ْ ِ ُ ْ ُ ْ َ َ َ و ْ َ َ َ َﻠ أﻧﻬ َﺎ ﻣﻔ ُﻮَﺎن ﻟ َﺎ َ ﱠ ُﻤ َ ْﻌ ﻟ ِ َﻬ ﺧﻠﺖ ِْ ُ ﻋﻠﻤﺖ َِ ْ ُ ﺟﻌﻠﺖ َ َْ ُ ﺣﺴﺒﺖ َ ِْ ُ رأﻳﺖ ََ ْ ُ ا ﱠﺨﺬت ﺗ َْ ُ ﺳَﻤﻌﺖ ِْ ُ ﺗ ُﻮل: ﻇﻨﻨﺖ زﻳ ًا َﺎﺋ ًﺎ، ورأﻳﺖ َﻘ ُ َ َ ْ ُ َ ْﺪ ﻗ ِﻤ َ ََ ْ ُ ﻋﻤ ًا ﺷﺎﺧ ًﺎ، و َﺎ أﺷﺒﻪ ذﻟﻚ ﺼ َﻣ َ ْ َ َ َِ َ َ ْﺮ
ﻇﻨﻨﺖ ََ ْ ُ
أﺻﺒﺢ َ َْ َ أ َﺎت ﺑ َ َﺎ َال ﻣ ز َ َﺎ ﺑﺮح ﻣ َِ َ
أﻣﺴﻰ َْ َ أ ﻇﻞ َﱠ ﻟﻴ ﺲ َْ َ َﺎ ﻓﺘﺊ ﻣ َِ َ َﺎ َام ﻣ دَ
آﺎن َﺎ َ آ أﺿ َﻰ َ ْﺤ َﺎر ﺻ َ َﺎ اﻧﻔﻚ ﻣ َِْ ﱠ
زﻋﻤﺖ َ َْ ُ وﺟﺪت َ َْ ُ
وﻟﻌﻞ ِﻠﺘﺮ ِﻲ َاﻟﺘﻮﻗﻊ َ َ َ ﱠ ﻟ ﱠ َﺟ و ﱠ َ ُ ِ
ﺗ ُﻮل: إن زﻳ ًا َﺎﺋ ٌ، وﻟﻴﺖ ﻋﻤ ًا َﺎﺧ ٌ، و َﺎ أﺷﺒﻪ ذﻟﻚ َﻘ ُ ِ ﱠ َ ْﺪ ﻗ ِﻢ ََ ْ َ َ ْﺮ ﺷ ِﺺ َﻣ َ ْ َ َ َِ َ
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و َﺎ ﺗﺼﺮف ﻣﻨ َﺎ ﻧﺤﻮ َﺎن, وﻳ ُﻮن, َﻣ َ َ ﱠ َ ِ ْﻬ َ ْ َ آ َ َ َﻜ ُ وآﻦ, وأﺻﺒﺢ وﻳﺼﺒﺢ وأﺻﺒﺢ, َ ُ ْ ََ ْ َ َ َ ُ ْ ِ ُ ََ ْ ِ ْ ﺗَ ُﻮل "آَﺎن زﻳﺪ َﺎﺋ ًﺎ, وﻟﻴﺲ ﻋﻤ ٌو َ َ ْ ٌ ﻗ ِﻤ ََ ْ َ َ ْﺮ ﻘ ُ َﺎﺧ ًﺎ" و َﺎ أﺷﺒﻪ ذﻟﻚ ﺷ ِﺼ َﻣ َ ْ َ َ َِ َ
ﻣﺮ ُﻮ َﺎت اﻟﺄﺳ َﺎء َ ْﻓ ﻋ ِ َ َْ ْﻤ ِ
َﻟ ﱠﻌﺖ اﻨْ ُ َﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻠﻤﻨ ُﻮت ِﻲ رﻓﻌﻪ وﻧﺼﺒﻪ وﺧﻔﻀﻪ, وﺗﻌ ِﻳﻔﻪ وﺗﻨ ِﻴﺮﻩ ﺗ ِ ٌ ِ ْ َ ْﻌ ِ ﻓ َ ْ ِ ِ َ َ ْ ِ ِ َ َ ْ ِ ِ َ َ ْﺮ ِ ِ َ َ ْﻜ ِ ِ
َﺎب َﻟﻨﻌﺖ ﺑ ُ ا ﱠْ ِ
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واﻟﻨ ِﺮة و ﻨﻜﺮة َاﻟ ﱠﻜ َ ُ آ ﱡ اﺳﻢ َﺎﺋﻊ ِﻲ ﺟﻨﺴﻪ َﺎ ُﻞ ِ ْ ٍ ﺷ ِ ٍ ﻓ ِ ْ ِ ِ ﻟ ﻳَﺨﺘ ﱡ ﺑ ِ َا ِﺪ ُو َ ﺁﺧﺮ ون ْ َﺺ ِﻪ و ﺣ ٌ د ن َ َ
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َاﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺧﻤﺴﺔ أﺷ َﺎء و ْ َ ْ ِ َ ُ َ ْ َ ُ َ ْﻴ َ ﻧﺤﻮ أ َﺎ وأﻧﺖ َ ْ َ َﻧ َ َ ْ َ
ﻧﺤﻮ زﻳﺪ وﻣﻜﺔ َ ْ َ َْ ٍ َ َ ﱠ َ ا ِﺎﺳﻢ اﻟﻤﻀﻤﺮ َﻟ ْ ُ َ ْ ُ ْ َ ُ َا ِﺎﺳﻢ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ و ﻟ ْ ُ َ ْ ََ ُ ﺒﻬﻢ و ِ ْ ُ َ ْ ُ ﻬﻢ َا ِﺎﺳﻢ اﻟﻤﺒْ َ ُ ﻟ
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وﺗﻘ ِﻳﺒﻪ آ ﱡ َﺎ ﺻﻠﺢ د ُﻮل َ َ ْﺮ ُ ُ ُﻞ ﻣ ََ َ ُﺧ ُ اﻟﺄﻟﻒ َاﻟﱠﺎم ﻋﻠﻴﻪ, ﻧﺤﻮ َ ْ َِ ِ و ﻠ ِ ََ ْ ِ َ ْ ُ .َﻟﺮﺟﻞ واﻟﻔﺮس ا ﱠُِ
ْ َ َﺬ َﺬﻩ و َﺆﻟ ء ﻧَﺤﻮ ه َا, وَه ِ ِ, َه ُ َﺎ ِ ﻧﺤﻮ اﻟﺮﺟﻞ واﻟﻐﻠﺎم ﻧ ﻮ ا ﱠﺟﻞ و ﻐﻠ م َﺤْ َ َﻟﺮ ُ ُ َاﻟْ ُ َﺎ ُ
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و ِﺎﺳﻢ اﻟﺬ ﻓ ِ ا ﺄ ِﻒ واﻟﻠﺎم واﻟ ﻢ اﱠﺬي ﻓﻴﻪ اﻟﺄﻟﻒ و ﻠ م َاﻟﺎﺳْ ُ َﻟ ِي ِﻴﻪ َﻟْ َﻟ ُ َاﻟﱠﺎ ُ
4
ﺗ ُﻮل َﺎم زﻳﺪ اﻟ َﺎﻗﻞ, ورأﻳﺖ َﻘ ُ ﻗ َ َ ْ ٌ َ ْﻌ ِ ُ َ ََ ْ ُ َﻳﺪ َ ْﻌ ﻗ َ َ َﺮر ُ ﺑ َﻳﺪ زﻳْ ًا اﻟ َﺎ ِﻞ, وﻣ َرْت ِﺰﻳْ ٍ ِﺰ ﺮ ز اﻟ َﺎﻗﻞ َ ْﻌ ِ ِ
51
ﺬِ ا ﺄ ﺑ ﺔ َ َﺎ أﺿ ﻒ إ َ وا ِﺪ ِﻦ َﺬﻩ َﻟْ َرْ َﻌ ِ وﻣﺎ ُﺿﻴ َ ِﻟﻰ َاﺣﺪ ﻣﻦْ ه ِﻩ اﻟﺄرﺑﻌَﺔ وﻣ ِﻴﻒ ﻟ و ﺣ ٍ
5
ﻣﺮ ُﻮ َﺎت اﻟﺄﺳ َﺎء َ ْﻓ ﻋ ِ َ َْ ْﻤ ِ
وﺣ ُوف اﻟﻌﻄﻒ ﻋﺸﺮة َ ُﺮ ُ َ ْ َ ْ ِ َ َ َ ٌ وهﻲ َِ َ
َﺎب اﻟﻌﻄﻒ ﺑ ُ َْ َ ْ ِ
اﻟ َاو اﻟ َﺎء َ ْﻮ ُ ْﻔ ُ
ﺣ ﱠﻰ ِﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻤ َاﺿﻊ َﺘ ﻓ َ ْ ِ َ ْ َﻮ ِ ِ
ﻟ ﻜﻦ َِ ْ
ﺑﻞ َﺎ َْ ﻟ
إ ﱠﺎ ِﻣ
أم َْ
أو َْ
ﺛﱠ ُﻢ
َﺎم زﻳﺪ وﻋﻤ ٌو ﻗ َ َ ْ ٌ َ َ ْﺮ
ﻓﺈن ﻋﻄﻔﺖ ﻋ َﻰ ﻣﺮ ُﻮع رﻓﻌﺖ َ ِ ْ ُ ِ َ ْ َﻠ َ ْﻓ ٍ ُ ِ َ ْ
َأﻳْ ُ َﻳْ ًا َ َﻤْ ًا ﺮ رَ ﺖ ز ً وﻋ ً ﺪ
َ َ َ َﻨْ ُ ٍ ﻧ ِﺒﺖ أوْ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﺼﻮب ُﺼ َﺖْ أ ﻠ
ﻣﺮرت ﺑﺰﻳﺪ وﻋﻤ ٍو َ َ ْ ُ ِ َ ْ ٍ َ َ ْﺮ
أو ﻋ َﻰ ﻣﺨ ُﻮض ﺧﻔﻀﺖ َ ْ َﻠ َ ْ ﻔ ٍ ُ ِ َ ْ
َﻳْ ٌ ﻟﻢْ ﻳ ُﻢْ َﻟﻢْ ﻳﻘْ ُﺪْ ز ﺪ َ َﻘ و َ َ ﻌ
61
أوْ َ َﻰ ﻣَﺠْ ُوم ُﺰ َﺖْ ﺰ ٍ ُﺰﻣ ُ ﺟِ َ ﻋﻠ َ
ﻣﺮ ُﻮ َﺎت اﻟﺄﺳ َﺎء َ ْﻓ ﻋ ِ َ َْ ْﻤ ِ
"ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻠﻤﺆآﺪ ِﻲ رﻓﻌﻪ وﻧﺼﺒﻪ وﺧﻔﻀﻪ وﺗﻌ ِﻳﻔﻪ". ِ ْ ُ َ ﱠ ِ ﻓ َ ْ ِ ِ َ َ ْ ِ ِ َ َ ْ ِ ِ َ َ ْﺮ ِ ِ آﱡ ُﻞ اﻟﻌﻴﻦ ْ َْ ُ َﻟ ﱠﻔﺲ ا ﻨْ ُ
َﺎب َﻟﺘﻮ ِﻴﺪ ﺑ ُ ا ﱠ ْآ ِ
وﻳ ُﻮن ﺑﺄﻟ َﺎظ ﻣﻌُﻮﻣﺔ, وهﻲ َ َﻜ ُ ِ َ ْﻔ ٍ َ ْﻠ َ ٍ َ ِ َ
أﺟﻤﻊ َ َُْ
وﺗ َاﺑﻊ أﺟﻤﻊ, وهﻲ َ َﻮ ِ ُ َ ْ َ َ َ ِ َ
ََﻳْ ُ َﻟْ َﻮْ َ آﻠﻬﻢْ رأ ﺖ اﻟﻘﻮم ُﱠ ُ رأﻳﺖ ا ﻘ آﻠﻬ
أﺑﺼﻊ َْ َ ُ أﺑﺘﻊ َ َْ ُ أآﺘﻊ َ َْ ُ
ﻗﺎم زﻳﺪ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻗ م ز ﺪ ﻧ ﺴﻪ َﺎ َ َﻳْ ٌ َﻔْ ُ ُ
ِﻴﻦ ﻣﺮر ُ ﺑ ْ َ ْ ِ َ ْ َ ﻦ َ َرْت ِﺎﻟﻘﻮم أﺟﻤﻌِﻴ َ ِ ﺮ
71
ﻣﺮ ُﻮ َﺎت اﻟﺄﺳ َﺎء َ ْﻓ ﻋ ِ َ َْ ْﻤ ِ
إ َا ُْﺪل اﺳْ ٌ ﻣﻦْ ِﺳْﻢ أوْ ﻓﻌْﻞ ﻣﻦْ ﻓﻌْ ٍ َﺒ َ ُ ِﻲ َ ِﻴﻊ ِﻋْ َاﺑﻪ ِذ أﺑْ ِ َ ِ ﻢ ِ ا ٍ َ ِ ٌ ِ ِ ﻞ ﺗ ِﻌﻪ ﻓ ﺟﻤ ِ إ ﺮ ِ ِ ْﻞ ُ َ ُ َ ﻋﻠﻰ َ َْ َﺔ َﻗْ َﺎم وهﻮ َ َ أرﺑﻌ ِ أﻗﺴﺎ ٍ ه ﻋﻠ أ ﻌﺔ أ
َﺎب ﺑ ُ اﻟﺒﺪل ََْ َ ِ
ﻗ زﻳﺪ أﺧﻮك ﻗﺎم ز ﺪ أﺧ ك َﺎ َ َ ْ ٌ َ ُ َ أآﻠﺖ َﻟﺮ ِﻴﻒ ﺛﻠﺜﻪ َ َ ْ ُ ا ﱠﻏ َ ُ ُ َ ُ ﻧﻔﻌ ِﻲ زﻳﺪ ﻋﻠﻤﻪ َ َ َﻨ َ ْ ٌ ِ ْ ُ ُ رأﻳﺖ زﻳ ًا اﻟﻔﺮس َ َ ْ ُ َ ْﺪ َ ْ َ َ َ
أردت أن ﺗ ُﻮل رأﻳﺖ اﻟﻔﺮس ﻓﻐﻠﻄﺖ ﻓﺄﺑﺪﻟﺖ زﻳ ًا ﻣﻨْﻪ َ َ ْ َ َ ْ َﻘ َ ََ ْ ُ َ ْ َ َ َ َ َِ ْ َ ََ ْ َ ْ َ َ ْﺪ ِ
ِﻚ ﻧ ْﻮ ﻗ ْﻟﻚ َﺤْ َ َﻮْﻟ َ
َ َ ُ اﻟﺸﻲء ِﻦ اﻟﺸﻲء ل َﻟ ﱠ ْ ِ ﻣ ْ َﻟ ﱠ ْ ِ اﺸ ﺑﺪل ا ﺸ وﺑﺪل اﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜ ﱢ َ َ َ ُ َ ْ َ ْ ِ ِ ْ َ ْ ُﻞ وﺑﺪل اِﺎﺷﺘ َﺎل َ َ َ ُ َﻟ ْ ِ ﻤ ِ
1
ﻧﺤﻮ ﻗﻮﻟﻚ َ ْ َ َ ِْ َ
2
ﻧﺤﻮ ﻗﻮﻟﻚ َ ْ َ َ ِْ َ
3
ﻧﺤﻮ ﻗﻮﻟﻚ َ ْ َ َ ِْ َ
وﺑﺪل اﻟﻐﻠﻂ َ َ َ ُ َ ْ ََ ِ
4
81
َﺎب ﺑ ُ ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺑﺎت َﻟْ َ ْ َﺎء َﻨْ ُ َﺎت اﻟﺄﺳﻤﺎ ِ ِاﺄ
اﻟﻤﻨ ُﻮ َﺎت ﺧﻤﺴﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ, وهﻲ َ ْ َ ْﺼ ﺑ ُ َ ْ َ َ َ َ َ َ ِ َ
اﺳﻢ إن وأﺧ َاﺗ َﺎ ْ ُ ِ ﱠ َ َ َﻮ ِﻬ اﻟ ﱠﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻠﻤﻨ ُﻮب ﺘ ِ ُ ِ ْ َ ْﺼ ِ اﻟ ﱠﻌﺖ ﻨْ ُ اﻟﻌﻄﻒ َْ ْ ُ اﻟﺘﻮ ِﻴﺪ ﱠ ْآ ُ اﻟﺒﺪل ﺒﺪل اﻟْ َ َ ُ
41 51
اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺜ َﻰ ْ ُ ْ َ ْﻨ اﺳﻢ َﺎ ُْ ﻟ اﻟﻤ َﺎ َى ْ ُﻨ د اﻟﻤﻔ ُﻮل ﻣﻦ أﺟﻠﻪ ْ َ ْﻌ ُ ِ ْ َ ْ ِ ِ اﻟﻤﻔ ُﻮل ﻣﻌﻪ ْ َ ْﻌ ُ َ َ ُ
31
7 8 9
اﻟﻤﻔ ُﻮل ﺑﻪ َ ْ َ ْﻌ ُ ِ ِ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر ْ َ َْ ُ ﻇﺮف َﻟﺰ َﺎن َ ْ ُ ا ﱠﻣ ِ ﻇﺮف اﻟﻤ َﺎن َ ْ ُ َ ْ َﻜ ِ اﻟ َﺎل ْﺤ ُ اﻟﺘﻤ ِﻴﺰ ﱠ ْﻴ ُ
1 2 3
01
4
11 21
5 6
ﺧﺒﺮ َﺎن وأﺧ َاﺗ َﺎ َ َ ُ آ َ َ َ َﻮ ِﻬ
91
ﻣﻨ ُﻮ َﺎت اﻟﺄﺳ َﺎء َ ْﺼ ﺑ ِ َ َْ ْﻤ ِ
اِﺎﺳﻢ اﻟﻤﻨ ُﻮب, اﻟ ِي ﻳﻘﻊ ﺑﻪ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ َﻟ ْ ُ َ ْ َ ْﺼ ُ َﱠﺬ َ َ ُ ِ ِ َ ْ ِ ْ ُ ﻧﺤﻮ ﺿﺮﺑﺖ زﻳﺪا ورآ ﺖ اﻟﻔﺮس َ ْ َ َ َْﺖ َْ ًا, َ َآْ ُ َﻟْ َ َ َ ِﺒﺖ ا ﻔ ُز ﻧ
وﻣﻀﻤﺮ َ ُﻀْ َ ٌ
ﺑ ب ْ َ ْﻌﻮل ِ ِ َﺎ ُ اَﻟﻤﻔ ُﻮل ﺑﻪ ِﺑ
2 ن وهﻮ ِﺴﻤﺎ ِ َ ُ َ ﻗ ْ َﺎن ه
َاﻟ ُﻀﻤ ُ ﻗِﺴ َﺎن و ْﻤ ْ َ ﺮ ْ ﻤ ِ
ﻣ ِﻞ ُﻨْﻔﺼﻞ ﻣﻨﻔَﺼ ٌ
َاﻟﻤﻨﻔﺼﻞ اﺛ َﺎ ﻋﺸﺮ و ْ ُ ْ َ ِ ُ ِ ْﻨ َ َ َ إ ﱠﺎآ ﱠ ِﻳ ُﻦ ِ ﱠﺎﻩ إﻳ ُ إﻳ إ ﱠﺎ َﺎ ِﻳ ه ِﻳﺎهﻤﺎ إ ﱠﺎ ُ َﺎ ﻳ هﻤ إ ﱠﺎهﻢ ِﻳ ُ ْ ِﻳﺎهﻦ إ هﻦ إﱠﺎ ُ ﱠ إ ﱠﺎي ِﻳ َ ِ ﱠﺎ َﺎ إﻳ ﻧ إﻳ إ ﱠﺎك ِﻳ َ ﻳك ِﻳﺎ ِ إ ﱠﺎك إ ﱠﺎآ َﺎ ِﻳ ُﻤ ِﻳﺎآﻢْ إﱠﺎ ُ إ آ
ﻣﺘ ِﻞ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ُ ﱠﺼ ٌ
َﺎﻟﻤ ﱠﺼﻞ اﺛ َﺎ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻓ ْ ُﺘ ِ ُ ِ ْﻨ َ َ َ ﺿﺮﺑﻜ ﱠ َ َ َ ُﻦ ﺿ َ َﻪ َﺮﺑ ُ ﺮﺑ ﺿﺮﺑ َﺎ َ َ َﻬ ﺿﺮﺑﻬﻤﺎ َ َ َ ُ َﺎ ﺿﺮﺑﻬﻤ ﺿﺮﺑﻬﻢ َ ََ ُ ْ ﺿ ﻬﻦ ﺿﺮﺑ ﻦ َ ََ ُ ﱠ ﺿﺮﺑﻨﻲ َ ََِ ﺿ َ َ َﺎ َﺮﺑﻨ ﺮﺑ ﺿﺮﺑﻚ َ ََ َ ﺿﺮﺑ ِ َ َ َﻚ ﺿﺮﺑ ﺿﺮﺑﻜ َﺎ َ َ َ ُﻤ َ ََﻜﻢْ ﺿﺮﺑ ُ ﺿ ﻜ
02
ﻇ ِﺮ ﻇﺎهﺮ َﺎه ٌ ﻓ ﻈ ِﺮ َﺎﻟ ﱠﺎهﺮ ﻓﺎﻟﻈﺎه ُ َﺎ ﺗﻘﺪم ذآﺮﻩ ﻣ ََ ﱠ َ ِ ْ ُُ
1
ﻣﻨ ُﻮ َﺎت اﻟﺄﺳ َﺎء َ ْﺼ ﺑ ِ َ َْ ْﻤ ِ
اِﺎﺳﻢ اﻟﻤﻨ ُﻮب, اﻟ ِي ﻳ ِﻲء َﺎﻟ ًﺎ ِﻲ َﻟ ْ ُ َ ْ َ ْﺼ ُ َﱠﺬ َﺠ ُ ﺛ ِﺜ ﻓ ﺗَﺼ ِﻳﻒ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ْﺮ ِ َ ْ ِ ْ ِ
ﺿﺮ ًﺎ َ ْﺑ ﻳﻀﺮب َ ِْ ُ
َﺎب ﺑ ُ اﻟْﻤﺼْﺪر َ َ َِ
ﺿﺮب ََ َ
ﻧﺤﻮ َ َْ
وهﻮ ﻗﺴ َﺎن َ ُ َ ِ ْﻤ ِ َﻌْ َﻮي ﻣ ﻨ ِي ﻣﻌﻨﻮ ﱞ
2
َﻔ ِﻲ ﻟﻔْﻈ ﱞ ﻟﻈ
ﻓﺈن َاﻓﻖ ﻟﻔﻈﻪ ﻟﻔﻆ َِ ْ و َ َ َ ْ ُ ُ َ ْ َ ﻓﻌﻠﻪ ﻓﻬﻮ ﻟﻔﻈﻲ ِ ِْ ِ َ ُ َ َ ْ ِ ﱞ
ﻧﺤﻮ َ َْ
1
َإنْ َا َ َ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ ﻓﻌِ ِ ﻠﻪ وِن و ﻓﻖ َﻌْ َﻰ ِﻌْﻠﻪ إ واﻓﻖ ﻣ ﻨ ُون ﻟﻔﻈﻪ ﻓﻬﻮ د َ َْ ِ ِ َ ُ َ ﻣ ﻌﻨ ﻮ ي َ َْ ِ ﱞ
ﻧﺤﻮ َ َْ
ﺟﻠﺴﺖ ﻗ ُﻮ ًا ََ ْ ُ ُﻌ د
َََﻠُْ ُ ًَْﺎ ﻗ َ ْ ُﻪ َﺘْﻠ ﺘﺘ ﻗً
12
ﻣﻨ ُﻮ َﺎت اﻟﺄﺳ َﺎء َ ْﺼ ﺑ ِ َ َْ ْﻤ ِ
َﺎب ﺑ ُ َﺮْف َﻟ ﱠ َﺎن و َﺮْف اﻟْﻤ َﺎن ﻇ ِ ا ﺰﻣ ِ َﻇ ِ َ َﻜ ِ ﻋﺘﻤﺔ ََ َ ً ﺻﺒﺎﺣﺎ َ َﺎ ًﺎ ﺻﺒ ﺣ ﻣ َﺎء َﺴ ً ﺑﻜﺮة ُ ْ ًَ ﺳﺤﺮا َ َ ًا ﺳﺤﺮ ﻏ ًا َﺪ اﻟﻴﻮم ََْ ْ ِ ﻠ ﺔ اﻟﱠﻴْﻠ ِ اﻟﻠﻴﻠَﺔ ﻏﺪوة َ ْ ًَ ﻧﺤﻮ ﻧ ﻮ َﺤْ َ
ﻇﺮف َﻟﺰ َﺎن هﻮ َ ْ ُ ا ﱠﻣ ِ ُ َ ِﺳﻢ ا ﺰﻣ ِ اﻟﻤﻨﺼﻮب ﺘ ْﺪﻳﺮ ﻢ َﻟ ﱠ َﺎن ا ﻤ ﺼ ب ِﺘﻘﺪ ﺮ اﺳْ ُ اﻟﺰﻣﺎن َﻟْ َﻨْ ُﻮ ُ ﺑ َﻘ ِﻳ ِ ِﻲ ﻓ 1
أﺑ ًا َ َﺪ أﻣﺪا َ َ ًا أﻣﺪ ِﻴ ًﺎ ﺣﻨ هﻨﺎ ُ َﺎ هﻨ ﺣ َاء ِﺬ َ ﺗﻠ َﺎء ِ ْﻘ َ ﺛﻢ ﺛﻢ ََ ﱠ
ﻋﻨﺪ ِْ َ ﻣﻊ ََ ِزاء زء إ َا َ
و َاء َر َ ﻓﻮق َْ َ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗ ﺖ َﺤْ َ
22
أ َﺎم َﻣ َ ﺧﻠ ﻒ َْ َ ﻗﺪام ﻗﺪ م َ ُ ﱠا َ َﺤْﻮ ﻧ َ
وﻇﺮف ا ﻤﻜ ن هﻮ وﻇ ف َﻟْ َ َﺎن هﻮ َ َﺮْ ُ اﻟﻤﻜﺎ ِ ُ َ اﺳﻢ اﻟﻤ َﺎن اﻟﻤﻨ ُﻮب ﺑﺘﻘ ِﻳﺮ ِ ْ ُ َ ْ َﻜ ِ َ ْ َ ْﺼ ُ ِ َ ْﺪ ِ "" ِﻲ ﻓ
2
ﻣﻨ ُﻮ َﺎت اﻟﺄﺳ َﺎء َ ْﺼ ﺑ ِ َ َْ ْﻤ ِ
اِﺎﺳﻢ اﻟﻤﻨ ُﻮب, اﻟﻤﻔﺴﺮ ﻟ َﺎ اﻧﺒﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ َ ﻟ ْ ُ َ ْ َ ْ ﺼ ُ َ ْ ُ َ ﱢ ُ ِﻤ ِ ْ َ َ َ ِ ْ اﻟﻬﻴ َﺎت َ ْ َ ْﺌ ِ
ﺑَﺎب ُ اﻟ َﺎل َ ْﺤ ِ
ﺟ ء زﻳْﺪ رَا ِ ًﺎ َﺎ َ ََْ ٌ َاآًﺎ آﺒ
ﻧﺤﻮ ﻗﻮﻟﻚ َ ْ َ َ ِْ َ
رآ ﺖ اﻟﻔﺮس ﻣﺴﺮﺟﺎ َآﺒْ ُ َﻟْ َ َ َ ُﺴْ َ ًﺎ ِﺒﺖ ا ﻔﺮ ﻣ ﺮﺟ ﻟ ِﻴﺖ ﻋﺒﺪ َﻟﻠﻪ َاآ ًﺎ َﻘ ُ َ ْ َ ا ﱠ ِ ر ِ ﺒ
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وَﺎ ﻳ ُﻮن اﻟ َﺎل إﱠﺎ ﻧﻜﺮة, َﻟ َ ﻜ َ َ ْﺤ ُ ِﻟ َ ِ َ ً ََﺎ َ ُ ُ إﱠﺎ َ ْ َ َ َﺎم وﻟﺎ ﻜ ن ِﻟﺎ ﺪ ﺗﻤﺎ ِ ﻟ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻟ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗ اﻟﻜَﺎم, وَﺎ ﻳ ُﻮن َﺎﺣﺒ َﺎ َ ْ َﻠ ِ َﻟ َ ﻜ ُ ﺻ ِ ُ ﻬ إﱠﺎ ﻣﻌْﺮﻓﺔ ِﻟ َ ِ َ ً ﺮ
ﻣﻨ ُﻮ َﺎت اﻟﺄﺳ َﺎء َ ْﺼ ﺑ ِ َ َْ ْﻤ ِ
اِﺎﺳﻢ اﻟﻤﻨ ُﻮب, اﻟﻤﻔﺴﺮ ﻟ َﺎ اﻧﺒﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ َ ﻟ ْ ُ َ ْ َ ْ ﺼ ُ َ ْ ُ َ ﱢ ُ ِﻤ ِ ْ َ َ َ ِ ْ َﻟﺬ َات ا ﱠو ِ ﺗﺼﺒﺐ زﻳﺪ ﻋﺮ ًﺎ َ َ ﱠ َ َ ْ ٌ َ َﻗ ﺗﻔﻘﺄ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺷﺤ ًﺎ َ َ ﱠ َ َ ْ ٌ َ ْﻤ ﻃﺎب ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻧﻔﺴﺎ َﺎ َ ُ َ ﱠ ٌ َﻔْ ًﺎ ﻧ ﻃ اﺷﺘ َﻳْﺖ ﻋﺸْﺮﻳ َ ﻏَﺎ ًﺎ ِ ْ َﺮﻳ ُ ِ ﺮ ﻦ ُﻠ ﻣ ِﻳﻦ ﺮ ﻣﻠﻜﺖ ﺗﺴ ِﻴﻦ ﻧﻌﺠﺔ َ َ ْ ُ ِ ْﻌ َ َ ْ َ ً زﻳﺪ أآﺮم ﻣﻨﻚ أ ًﺎ َ ْ ٌ َ ْ َ ُ ِ ْ َ َﺑ أﺟﻤﻞ ﻣﻨﻚ وﺟ ًﺎ َ ْ َ ُ ِ ْ َ َ ْﻬ
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ﺑَﺎب ُ َﻟﺘﻤ ِﻴﺰ ا ﱠ ْﻴ ِ
ﻧﺤﻮ ﻗﻮﻟﻚ َ ْ َ َ ِْ َ
وﻟﺎ ﻜ ن ِﻟﺎ ﻧﻜ ة وﻟﺎ ََﺎ َ ُ ُ إﱠﺎ َﻜ َ ً, ََﺎ ﻟ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻟ ِﺮة ﻟ ﻳ ُﻮن إﱠﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗ َﺎم اﻟﻜَﺎم َ ﻜ ُ ِﻟ َ ْ َ َ ﻤ ِ َ ْ َﻠ ِ
ﻣﻨ ُﻮ َﺎت اﻟﺄﺳ َﺎء َ ْﺼ ﺑ ِ َ َْ ْﻤ ِ
وﺣ ُوف ا ِﺎﺳﺘﺜ َﺎء ﺛ َﺎﻧﻴﺔ َ ُﺮ ُ َﻟ ْ ِ ْﻨ ِ َﻤ ِ َ ٌ ﻋﺪا َ َا ﻋﺪ ﺧﻠﺎ ََﺎ ﺧﻠ ﺳﻮاء ﺳﻮ ء َ َا ٌ ﺳﻮى ُ َى ﺳﻮ ِﻮى ﺳ َى ﻮ
َﺎب ا ِﺎﺳﺘﺜ َﺎء ﺑ ُ َ ﻟ ْ ِ ْﻨ ِ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻏﺮ َﻴْ ُ ِﻟﺎ إﱠﺎ ﻟ
ﺣﺎﺷﺎ َﺎ َﺎ ﺣﺷ
ﻓﺎ ْﻤ َ ْ َ ِِﻟ ﻳ ْ َﺐ إ َا َﺎ َ َ ْْﻜﻠﺎم ﺗﺎﻣ ُ ًَﺎ ﻧ ْﻮ "ﻗﺎم َ ْﻘ م ِﻟ زﻳْﺪ َ" َ َ َ اﻟﻨ س َﺎﻟ ُﺴْْﺘﺜْﻨﻰ ﺑﺈﱠﺎ ُﻨْﺼ ُ ِذا آﺎن اﻟ ََﺎ ُ َﺎ ﺎ ُﻮﺟ ًﺎ, َﺤْ َ " َﺎ َ اﻟ َﻮْ ُ إﱠﺎ َْ ًا" و"ﺧﺮج َﻟ ﱠﺎ ُ ﺧ ا ﻗ ْﻘ ذ آ ﻜﻠ ﺗ ﻣ ﺒ ﻓ ﺘﻨ إﱠﺎ ﻋﻤ ًا" وإن َﺎن اﻟﻜَﺎم ﻣﻨﻔ ﺎ َﺎ ﺎ َﺎز ِﻴﻪ اﻟﺒﺪل َاﻟﻨﺼﺐ ﻋَﻰ اِﺎﺳﺘﺜ َﺎ ِ, ﻧﺤﻮ " َﺎ َﺎم ِﻟ َ ْﺮ َِ ْ آ َ َ ْ َﻠ ُ َ ْ ِﻴ ﺗ ﻣ ﺟ َ ﻓ ِ َ ْ َ َ ُ و ﱠ ْ ُ َﻠ َﻟ ْ ِ ْﻨ ء َ ْ َ ﻣ ﻗ َ اﻟﻘﻮم ﻟ زﻳﺪ إﻟ ز ﺪ إ آﺎن اﻟﻜﻠﺎم ﻧ ﻗﺼ آﺎن ﻋﻠ ﺣﺴ ِ ا ﻌﻮ ﻣﻞ ﻧﺤﻮ ﻣ ﻗﺎم ا ﻘ م ِﻟﺎ ز ﺪ و ِﻟﺎ زﻳﺪا وِن آ ن ا ﻜﻠ م ﻧﺎ ِﺼﺎ آ ن ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺴﺐ َﻟْ َ َاﻣﻞ ﻧ ﻮ َﺎ ﻗ م َﻟْ َﻮْ ُ إﱠﺎ َﻳْ ٌ" َ"إﱠﺎ َﻳْ ًا" َإنْ َﺎ َ َﻟْ ََﺎ ُ َﺎﻗ ًﺎ َﺎ َ ََﻰ َ َﺐ اﻟﻌﻮا ِ ِ, َﺤْ َ "ﻣﺎ َﺎ َ إﱠﺎ زﻳ ٌ" َ" َﺎ ﺿﺮﺑﺖ إﱠﺎ زﻳ ًا" َ" َﺎ ﻣﺮرت إﱠﺎ ﺑﺰﻳﺪ ِ ﻟ َ ْﺪ و ﻣ َ َ ْ ُ ِ ﻟ َ ْ ﺪ و ﻣ َ َ ْ ُ ِ ﻟ ِ َ ْ ٍ َاﻟﻤﺴﺘﺜ َﻰ ﺑﻐﻴﺮ, وﺳ َى, وﺳ َى, وﺳ َاء, ﻣﺠ ُور َﺎ ﻏﻴﺮ و ْ ُ ْ َ ْﻨ ِ َ ْ ٍ َ ِﻮ َ ُﻮ َ َﻮ ٍ َ ْﺮ ٌ ﻟ َ ْ ُ َاﻟﻤﺴﺘﺜ َﻰ ﺑﺨَﺎ, وﻋ َا, و َﺎ َﺎ, ﻳ ُﻮز ﻧﺼﺒﻪ وﺟﺮ ُ, ﻧﺤﻮ " َﺎم اﻟﻘﻮم ﺧَﺎ زﻳ ًا, وزﻳ ٍ" و ْ ُ ْ َ ْﻨ ِ َﻠ َ َﺪ َﺣ ﺷ َﺠ ُ َ ْ ُ ُ َ َ ﱡﻩ َ ْ َ ﻗ َ َ ْ َ ْ ُ َﻠ َ ْﺪ َ َ ْﺪ َ"ﻋ َا ﻋﻤ ًا وﻋﻤ ٍو" َ" َﺎ َﺎ ﺑﻜ ًا وﺑﻜﺮ و َﺪ َ ْ ﺮ َ َ ْ ﺮ و ﺣ ﺷ َ ْ ﺮ َ َ ْ ٍ
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ﻣﻨ ُﻮ َﺎت اﻟﺄﺳ َﺎء َ ْﺼ ﺑ ِ َ َْ ْﻤ ِ
ﺑ ب ﻟﺎ َﺎ ُ َﺎ ﺑﺎب ﻟ
اﻋﻠﻢ أن "َﺎ" ﺗﻨﺼﺐ َﻟﻨﻜ َات ﺑﻐﻴﺮ ﺗﻨ ِﻳﻦ إ َا َﺎﺷﺮت َﻟﻨﻜﺮة وﻟﻢ ﺗﺘﻜﺮر "َﺎ" ﻧﺤﻮ َﺎ رﺟﻞ ِ َْ ْ َ ﱠ ﻟ َ ْ ِ ُ ا ﱠ ِﺮ ِ ِ َ ْ ِ َ ْﻮ ٍ ِذ ﺑ َ َ ْ ا ﱠ ِ َ َ ََ ْ َ َ َ ﱠ ْ ﻟ َ ْ َ ﻟ َ ُ َ ِﻲ َﻟ ﱠار ﻓ اﺪ ِ
ﺈ ﻟ ﺗﺒ ﺷ ه وﺟﺐ اﻟﺮﻓﻊ ووﺟﺐ ﺗﻜﺮار ﻟ ﻧﺤﻮ ﻟ ﻓ ا ﺪ ر رﺟﻞ وﻟ ِﻣﺮأة ﻓِن ﻟﻢ ﺗﺒﺎ ِﺮهﺎ وﺟﺐ ا ﺮ ﻊ ووﺟﺐ ﺗ ﺮ ر ﻟﺎ ﻧ ﻮ َﺎ ِﻲ َﻟ ﱠار رﺟﻞ وﻟﺎ ﺮأة َﺈنْ َﻢْ ُ َﺎﺷﺮْ َﺎ َ َ َ َﻟ ﱠﻓْ ُ َ َ َ َ َﻜْ َا ُ "َﺎ" َﺤْ َ ﻟﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺪا ِ َ ُ ٌ ََﺎ اﻣْ ََ ٌ
َﺈنْ َ َ ﱠ َتْ "َﺎ" َﺎ َ إﻋْ َﺎُ َﺎ َإﻟْ َﺎ ُ َﺎ, َﺈنْ ﺷﺌْ َ ُﻠْ ُ "ﻟﺎ َ ُ ٌ ِﻲ َﻟ ﱠار وﻟﺎ اﻣْ ََ ٌ". ﺈ ﺗﻜﺮر ﻟ ﺟﺎز ﻤ ﻟﻬ إ ﻐ ؤه ﺈ ِﺌﺖ ﻗﻠﺖ ﻟ رﺟﻞ ﻓ ا ﺪ ِ وﻟ ِﻣﺮأة ﻓِن ﺗﻜﺮرت ﻟﺎ ﺟ ز ِﻋﻤﺎﻟﻬﺎ وِﻟﻐﺎؤهﺎ ﻓِن ﺖ ﻗ ﺖ َﺎ رﺟﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺪار ََﺎ ﺮأة
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ﻣﻨ ُﻮ َﺎت اﻟﺄﺳ َﺎء َ ْﺼ ﺑ ِ َ َْ ْﻤ ِ
ا ﻨ د ﺧﻤﺴﺔ أ ﻮ ع َﻟْ ُ َﺎ َ ﺧ ﺔ أﻧﻮا ٍ اﻟﻤﻨﺎدى َ ْ َ ُ َﻧْ َاع
اﻟﺸ ِﻴﻪ ﱠﺒ ُ ِﺎﻟﻤ َﺎف ﺑ ْ ُﻀ ِ اﻟﻤﻀﺎف ﻤﻀ ف اﻟْ ُ َﺎ ُ اﻟﻨﻜﺮة ﻏﻴﺮ ﱠ ِ َُ َْ ُ اﻟﻤﻘ ُﻮدة َ ْ َ ْﺼ َ ِ اﻟﻨﻜﺮة ﱠ ِ َُ اﻟﻤﻘ ُﻮدة َ ْ َ ْﺼ َ ُ
ﺑَﺎب ُ اﻟﻤ َﺎ َى َ ْ ُﻨ د
اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ا ﻌﻠ ﻢ اﻟﻤﻔﺮد َﻟْ ََ ُ
ﻓﺄ ﱠﺎ اﻟﻤﻔﺮد اﻟﻌﻠﻢ َاﻟﻨﻜﺮة اﻟﻤﻘ ُﻮدة ﻓﻴﺒﻨ َﺎن ﻋَﻰ َﻟﻀﻢ ﻣﻦ ََﻣ َ ْ ُ ْ َ ُ َ ْ ََ ُ و ﱠ ِ َ ُ َ ْ َ ْﺼ َ ُ َ ُ ْ َﻴ ِ َﻠ ا ﱠ ﱢ ِ ْ ﻏﻴﺮ َﻨْ ِﻳﻦ, َ ْ َ "ﻳﺎ َْ ُ" َ" َﺎ َ ُﻞ" َْ ِ ﺗﻨﻮ ٍ ﻧﺤﻮ َﺎ ز ﺪ و ﻳﺎ رﺟﻞ ُ زﻳﺪ ﻧ ﻏ ﺗ وَاﻟﺜَﺎﺛﺔ اﻟ َﺎﻗﻴﺔ ﻣﻨ ُﻮﺑﺔ َﺎ ﻏﻴﺮ. ﱠﻠ َ ُ َ ْﺒ ِ َ ُ َ ْﺼ َ ٌ ﻟ َ ْ ُ
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ﻣﻨ ُﻮ َﺎت اﻟﺄﺳ َﺎء َ ْﺼ ﺑ ِ َ َْ ْﻤ ِ
ﺑَﺎب ُ اﻟﻤﻔ ُﻮل ﻟﺄﺟﻠﻪ َ ْ َ ْﻌ ِ َِ ِْ ِ
َﻟﺎﺳْ ُ َﻟْ َﻨْ ُﻮ ُ, َﱠﺬي ُﺬْ َ ُ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎ ﻟ َ َﺐ وﻗﻮع اﻟ ِﻌ ِ, ِﺎﺳﻢ اﻟﻤﻨﺼﻮب اﻟﺬ ﻳﺬآﺮ ﺑﻴ ﻧ ﺴﺒ ِ و ُﻮع ا ﻔ ﻞ اﻟ ﻢ ا ﻤ ﺼ ب اﻟ ِي ﻳ آﺮ َ َﺎ ًﺎ ِﺴﺒﺐ ُﻗ ِ َﻟْﻔﻌْﻞ ﻧﺤﻮ ﻗﻮﻟﻚ َ ْ َ َ ِْ َ
ﻗﺼﺪﺗﻚ ِﻐﺎء ﻣ ﺮ ِﻚ ﻗﺼ ﺗﻚ اﺑﺘﻐ ء ﻣﻌﺮوﻓﻚ َ َﺪْ ُ َ ِﺑْﺘ َﺎ َ َﻌْ ُوﻓ َ
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ﻗ م ز ﺪ ِﺟﻠﺎﻟﺎ ﻟ َﻤ ٍو َﺎ َ َﻳْ ٌ إﺟْ َﺎ ًﺎ ِﻌﻤْﺮو ﻗﺎم زﻳﺪ ﻠ ﻟ ﻌ ﺮ
ﻣﻨ ُﻮ َﺎت اﻟﺄﺳ َﺎء َ ْﺼ ﺑ ِ َ َْ ْﻤ ِ
ﻣﻌﻪ ﺑ ب َﻟْ َﻔْ ُ ِ ﻪ َﺎ ُ اﻟﻤﻔﻌﻮل َ َ ُ ﺑﺎب ا
ِﺎﺳﻢ اﻟﻤﻨﺼﻮب اﻟﺬ ﻳﺬآﺮ ﺒﻴ ن ﻣ ِﻞ ﻣﻌﻪ ا ِﻌﻞ ﻧﺤﻮ ﻗ ِﻚ اﻟ ﻢ ا ﻤ ﺼ ب َﱠﺬي ﻳ آﺮ ﻟ َ َﺎن ﻣﻦ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﻌﻪ َﻟﻔ ﻞ ﻧ ﻮ ﻗﻮﻟﻚ َﻟﺎﺳْ ُ َﻟْ َﻨْ ُﻮ ُ, اﻟ ِي ُﺬْ َ ُ ِﺒﻴﺎ ِ َﻦْ ُﻌ َ َ َ ُ اﻟْﻔﻌْ ُ, َﺤْ َ َﻮْﻟ َ
ﺘﻮ اﻟﻤﺎء واﻟﺨﺸﺒﺔ اﺳْ َ َى ا ﻤ ء و ﺨﺸﺒﺔ ِﺳﺘﻮى َﻟْ َﺎ ُ َاﻟْ َ َ َ َ
ﺟﺎء ا ِﻴﺮ واﻟﺠﻴﺶ ﺟ ء َﻟْﺄﻣ ﺮ و ﺠ ﺶ َﺎ َ اﻟﺄَﻣﻴ ُ َاﻟْ َﻴْ َ
وأﻣﺎ ﺧﺒﺮ " َﺎن" وأﺧ َاﺗ َﺎ, َاﺳﻢ "إن" وأﺧ َاﺗ َﺎ, ﻓﻘﺪ ﺗﻘﺪم ذآﺮه َﺎ َ َ ُ آ َ ََ َﻮ ِﻬ و ْ ُ ِ ﱠ ََ َﻮ ِﻬ َ َ ْ َ َ ﱠ َ ِ ْ ُ ُﻤ ا ﻤ ﻓ ﻋ ت وآﺬِﻚ ا ﺘﻮ ِﻊ ﻓﻘ ﺗﻘﺪﻣ هﻨﺎك ﻓ اﻟﻤﺮﻓﻮﻋﺎ ِ وآﺬﻟﻚ اﻟﺘﻮاﺑﻊ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺗﻘﺪﻣﺖ هﻨ ك . ِﻲ َﻟْ َﺮْ ُﻮ َﺎت, َ َ َﻟ َ َﻟ ﱠ َاﺑ ُ; َ َﺪْ َ َ ﱠ َﺖْ ُ َﺎ َ
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اﻟﻤﺨ ُﻮ َﺎت ﺛ َﺎﺛﺔ أﻧ َاع َ ْ َ ْﻔﻮﺿ ُ َﻠ َ ُ َ ْﻮ ٍ
ﻣَﺨْ ُﻮ ٌ ِﺎﻟ َﺮْف ُْ ض ﺑ ْﺤ ِ ﻔ
َﺎب ﺑ ُ اﻟﻤﺨﻔﻮﺿﺎ ِ ِﻦ َﻟَْ ْ َﺎء َﻟْ َﺨْ ُ َﺎت ﻣ ْ اﻟﺄﺳﻤﺎ ِ ت اﺄ ا ﻔ
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ََ ﱠﺎ َﻟْ َﺨْ ُﻮ ُ ﺑﺎﻟْ َﺮْف َ ُ َ ﻣﺎ َﺨْ َ ﱡ ﺑﻤﻦْ, َإَﻰ, َ َﻦْ, َ ََﻰ, َﻓﻲ, َ ُ ﱠ, َاﻟْ َﺎء, ﻓ ورب و ﺒ ء ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ا ﻤ ﻔ ض ِﺎﻟﺤﺮ ِ ﻓﻬﻮ َﺎ ﻳ ﺘﺺ ِ ِﻦ وِﻟﻰ وﻋﻦ وﻋﻠﻰ و ِﻲ ورب واﻟﺒﺎ ِ إﻟ وﻋ وﻋﻠ ﻓﺄﻣ اﻟﻤﺨﻔﻮض ﺑ ﺤ ف ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣ ﻳﺨﺘﺺ ﺑﻤ َاﻟ َﺎف, َاﻟﱠﺎم, وﺑﺤ ُوف اﻟﻘﺴﻢ, وهﻲ اﻟ َاو, َاﻟ َﺎء, َاﻟ ﱠﺎء, وﺑ َاو ر ﱠ, وﺑﻤﺬ, وﻣﻨﺬ. و ْﻜ ِ و ﻠ ِ َ ِ ُﺮ ِ َ ْ َ َ ِ َ ِ َ َ ْﻮ ُ و ْﺒ ُ و ﺘ ُ َ ِﻮ ِ ُب َ ِ ُ ْ َ ُ ْ ُ ﻣﺨ ُﻮض ِﺎﻟﺈ َﺎﻓﺔ َ ْﻔ ٌ ﺑ ِْﺿ َ ِ
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و َ ﱠﺎ َﺎ ﻳﺨﻔﺾ ِﺎﻹ َﺎﻓﺔ َـــﻨﺤﻮ ﻗﻮﻟﻚ ُﻼ ُ زﻳﺪ و هﻮ ﻋَﻰ ﻗﺴﻤﻴﻦ َﺎ ﻳﻘ ﱢر ِﺎﻟﻼم و َﺎ َ أﻣ ﻣ ُ ْ َ ُ ﺑ ﺿ َ ِ ﻓ َ ْ ُ َ ِْ َ ﻏ َم َ ْ ٍ َ ُ َ َﻠ ِ ْ َ ْ ِ ﻣ ُ َﺪ ُ ﺑ ﱠ ِ َ ﻣ ﻳﻘ ﱢر ﺑﻤﻦ َـــــﺎﻟ ِي ﻳﻘ ﱢر ِﺎﻟﻼم ﻧﺤﻮ ﻏﻼم زﻳﺪ و اﻟ ِي ﻳﻘ ﱢر ﺑﻤﻦ ﻧﺤﻮ ﺛﻮب ﺧﺰ و َﺎب ُ َﺪ ُ ِ َ ْ ﻓ ﱠﺬ ُ َﺪ ُ ﺑ ﱠ ِ َ ْ ُ ُ َ ُ َ ْ ٍ َ ﱠﺬ ُ َﺪ ُ ِ َ ْ َ ْ ُ َ ْ ُ َ ﱟ َ ﺑ ُ ﺳﺎ ٍ و ﺧﺎﺗﻢ َﺪﻳﺪ َﺎج َ َﺎ َ ُ ﺣ ِﻳْﺪ ج ﺧﺗ ﺪ ٍ ﺗﺎ ِﻊ ﻟﻠْ َﺨْ ُ ِ َﺎﺑ ٌ ِﻠﻤﺨﻔﻮض ﻔ ﺗﺑ
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“Some Things” e o ts o e e t o t e ext o al-Aajurroomiyyah” “Brief Points of Benefit from the Text of a aju oo yya “The Parts of the Body” Book One – Five “Colors & Defects” “Vocabulary of Allah’s Signs in the Quraan”
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Daar-ul-Kutub Publications: Encouraging the Muslim Community to learn the language of the Quraan

robotstxt: allowed

filter: keep


text:
اَلْحَيَآةُ مُجَرّدْ كُوْزُوْنٌ ( مَقْهَىْ ) نَأْتِيْ إِلَيْهِ نَحْتَسِيْ جِعّةٍ أَوْ لِلّهُوْ . نَسْكُرْ فَـ نَعْشَقْ وَمِنّآ مَنْ هُمْ
مُتَمَآدُوْنْ . وَعِنْدَمَآ نَصْحُوْ يَكُوْنُ اَلْأَوَآنُ قَدْ فَآتْ وَلَآ نَبْضَ فِيْ قُلُوبِِنَآ ولَآ حَيَآةَ بِنَآ . نَكُوْنُ أَمْوَآتَاً .
.
وَاِلَى اَلْآَنْ وَعُنْقُوْدُ
اَلْعِنَبْ بِهِ
اِثْنَآنْ مُلْتَوِيَآنْ . وَاَلْثَّعآبِيْنْ تَتَنَفّسُ اَلْسّمَ عَلَىٍ
صَرْخَةِ بَآتَتْ فِيء صَلًآةِ بِـ مِحْرَآبِ اَلْوَدَآعْ . وَعَرَبَةٍ اَلْمَآضِيْ تَسْلُكْ نَفْسَ
اَلْدّرْبْ . وَيَظَلْ عِشْقِيْ جُنُوْنٌ وَأَظَلْ مَجْنُوْنَةٌ مُعَذّبَهْ بَدَأْتْ بِـ وَآحٍدْ
وَاٍنْتَهَتْ بِـ ثَلًآثَهْ . وَبَدَأَتْ بِ اِثْنَآنْ وَلْمْ تَتّضِحْ اَلْنّهَآيَةُ فِيْ كَآبُوْسِهًآ
. وَاَلْجُنُوْنُ يَزِيْدُ وَاَلْصّبْرُ عَنِيْدْ . //
فَـ أَنَآ وَاَلّذِيْ نَفْسِيْ بِـ يَدِهْ لَمْ
أَكُنْ أَعْلَمْ أَنّ قَوْلُ اَلْحَقِيْقَةِ جَرِيْمَةٌ تُسَجّلْ فِيْ سَقَرْ .
وَلَمْ أَكُنْ أَعْلَمْ أَنّ مَنْ أَحْيَآنِيْ بَعْدَ اَلْمَوْتْ سَـ يُمِيْتُنِيْ .
وَلَمْ أَكُنْ أَعْلَمْ بِـ أَنّ يَوْمْ خُرُوْجِيْ مِنْ زِنْزَآنَتِيْ حَيْثُ قَلَمِيْ وَأَوْرَآقِيْ هُوَ يَوْمٌ لُعِنَتْ فِيْهِ آَهَآتِيْ حِيْنَ تَصَوْمَعَتْ .
وَلَمْ أَكُنْ أَعْلَمْ أَنّنِيْ مُجْرِمَةٌ مُخَآلِفَةٌ لِـ قَوَآنِيْنْ شَرِيْعَةِ اَلْحُبْ .
وَلَمْ أَكْنْ أَعْلَمْ أَنّ اَلْكَآتِبْ لَآبُدّ لَهُ مِنْ اَلْصّبْرْ وَ أَنّ صَبْرَهُ كَـ وَضْعِ اَلْجَمْرِ تَحْتَ أَخْمًصِ قَدَمَيْهِ وَإِجْبَآرُ
صُرَآخِهِ عَلَى اَلْصّمْتْ . //
وَأَنَآ مُجَرّدْ أُنْثَى خُرَآفِيّةً بَلْ طِفْلَةٌ هِيْ أَنَآ كَآنَتْ تَعْتَرِفُ بِـ اَلْأَحْلَآمِ وَاَلْهِيَآمْ وَتَعْشَقُ اَلْإِلْتِحُآفَ بِـ اَلْسّرَآبْ .. وَلَنْ تَعٍيْشَ اَلْحَآضِرْ أَوْ اَلْمُسْتَقْبَلِ أَبَدَاً أَبَدَاً ..
وَسَأَبْقَى أَنَآ كَمَآ أَنَآ رَهِيْنَةَ اَلَأَوْرَآقْ آَسِرَةٌ لِلْقَلَمْ . . مُعْتَقَلَةٌ فِيْ زِنْزَآنَةِ اَلْذّكْرَىْ , لَأ أَهَآزِيْجُ اَْلْسّعَآدَةَ تُفْرِحُنِيْ وَلَآ اَلْآلَآمُ تُطْفِئُنِيْ
وَسَـ أَظَلّ وَحِيْدَةٌ رُغْمَ أَنْفِيْ , وَلَآ يَجْرُؤْ أَحَدٌ وَيَقٌوْلْ بِـ أَنّ اَلْأَمَلْ مَوْجُوْدْ , لِأَنّنِيْ أَنَآ اَلْيَأْسْ وَأَنَآ مَنْ رَمَتْ بِـ اَلْأَمَلْ فِيْ قَعْرَ بِئْرِ اَلْمَوْتْ , حَيْثُ لَآ حَيَآةَ بِهِ
وَلَآ هَمْسْ .
أَمَآ مِفْتَآحُ سَعَآدَتِيْ قَدْ تَكَسّرَ مَعَ كَسَرَآتِ اَلْزّمَنْ وَأَصْبَحْ مَجْهُوْلٌ فِيْ فَرَآغٍ بَآتَ مِنَ اَلْمَآضِيْ .
وَفِيْ اَلْنّهَآيَهْ أَنَآ اَلْطّفْلَةَ اَلْتِيْ عَظّمَتِ اَلْحَرْفْ وَاَلْطّفْلَةَ اَلْتِيء قَرَأتْ اَلْمَشَآعِرَ كَمَآ تَقْرَأَ كُتُبِهَآ وأَنَآ اَلْطِّفْلَةَ اَلْتِيْ صَرَخْتْ : أَيْنَ اَلْرّمَآحَ وَاَلْدّرُوْعَ وأَيْنَ اَلْصّنَآدِيْدْ . أَيْنَ اَلْسّمَآحْ وَاَلْرَحْمَةِ وَ عُنْفِ اَلّرَعَآدِيْدْ . ! وَسَلَآمٍ عَلَى اَلْجُنُوْنٌ يُوْمْ إِنّهْ ذِبَحْنِيْ
,‘ اَلْكَآتِبَهْ
/ جُنُوْنٌ ( هَمْسْ
)