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Tumaze iminsi dusoma ibijyanye n’amateka yaranze u Rwanda, cyane cyane chapitre ya coup d’etat yo muri 1973. Iyi coup d’etat niyo yabaye nyirabayazana w’inzika zabaye hagati y’Abiswe Abanyenduga n’abiswe Abakiga. Nyuma yayo, ibyiza by’igihugu byinshi byikubiwe n’abantu bakomokaga mu turere twa Gisenyi na Ruhengeri cyangwa rimwe na rimwe Byumba. Ibi byatumye mu by’ukuri Abanyarwanda batumva ko bafite uruhare rungana ku gihugu ku buryo byagize ingaruka mu gihe cy’intambara yatangijwe n’inkotanyi mu kwezi kwa 10 umwaka wa 1990.
Byageze aho abanyenduga bamwe bumva ko urugamba rugomba kurwanwa n’abakiga ngo kuko ari bo bari bafite ibyo barwanira! Abasirikare bamwe batorokaga urugamba bakisangira Inkotanyi mu gihe abenshi mu bakiga bo bumvaga koko igihugu bagomba kukitangira kugeza kuwa nyuma. Muri politiki abanyenduga cg abiswe abanyenduga nibo babaye aba mbere mu gushinga amashyaka arwanya leta ndetse afatanya na FPR mu gushegesha Habyarimana. Twagiramungu Faustin yabyukije MDR (ariko iza ari pirate), Mugenzi Justi afatanyije na Lando basinga PL, PSD ntawe utari uyizi ko yari igizwe n’abanyabutare benshi, Nayinzira Jean Nepomuscene niwe munya gisenyi wenyine washinze ishyaka rirwanya Leta.
Nyuma yaho gatoya ikibazo cyaje gusa n’aho ari abahutu barwana n’abatutsi ariko byari byaratinze, FPR imaze kwemerwa no gushyigikirwa.
Kudasesengura iki kibazo bishobora gutuma dupfobya amasomo akubiyemo maze ejo bundi hagora urundi rugamba ruba ngombwa ugasanga abantu bakomeje ibyo byumviro. Ntawe ushobora gukira igisebe atavuye!
Ubwanditsi.
Parution: Tuesday 19 August 2014, 21:31
Par:Jean de Dieu MUSEMAKWELI
Iyo umuntu yiyemeje gufata ubutegetsi ku ngufu, ntibihagije kuba abyifuza cyangwa afite impamvu ze bwite. Hagomba kuboneka n’izindi mpamvu zituma abantu bibwira ko ingoma ivuyeho yagombaga guhirima koko. Abakoze kudeta mu Rwanda mu w’1973 basanze guteza umutekano muke mu gihugu aribyo byatuma amahanga ndetse n’Abanyarwanda bavuga ko ingoma ya Kayibanda yari inaniwe. Nibwo rero muri Gashyantare 1973 boheje insoresore ngo zirukane Abatutsi mu mashuri yisumbuye n’amakuru ndetse no mu kazi, haba mu biro no mu bigo bya leta cyangwa iby’abikorera ku giti cyabo. Abantu bazi gushishoza bahereyeko babona ko iyo “muyaga” itewe n’abantu bashaka kwifatira ubutegetsi. Hari ibitabo byinshi byagize icyo bivuga kuri iyo “muyaga”. Nyuma y’ubushishozi n’ubushakashatsi bwimbitse, byose bihuriza kuri iyo ngingo. Icyanyuma nasomye kibihamya nta shiti ni icya Bwana Pierre-Célestin Kabanda cyitwa, Rwanda. L’idéal des pionniers. Les hommes qui ont fait la différence, Ed. Sources du Nil, Lille, 2012, pp.275-277.
Hari abantu badakeneye gusoma ibyo bitabo kugirango bamenye icyateye umutekano muke mu Rwanda mbere ya kudeta yo ku wa 5 Nyakanga 1973. Impamvu ni uko biboneye n’amaso yabo ba nyirabayazana, bakagerageza kuvugana nabo kugirango bisubireho. Bavuganye kandi n’abo iyo nkubiri yari igamije guhitana (ingoma ya Kayibanda), barababurira ; ariko abandi ntibabyitaho. Negereye umwe muri abo bantu, ambwirana agahinda kenshi ukuntu ibintu byagenze, n’ukuntu ubwe nawe yari apfuye Imana igakinga akaboko, maze agakizwa n’amaguru. Ntabwo yifuje ko natangaza amazina ye, niyo mpamvu mpisemo kumwita “Viateur (Viyatori) Nzaramba”, avuka mu cyahoze ari perfegitura ya Gitarama. Yarangije ishuri rikuru rya gisirikari mu w’1972. Muri 73 yari i Kigali, afite ipeti rya Suliyetona, akora mu bwubatsi bw’ibigo bya gisirikari n’ubw’amazu y’abasirikari, cyane cyane abakuru (officiers). Yakoraga mu cyitwa mu gifaransa “Bâtiment militaire”.
Imvururu zashojwe n’abashakaga kwifatira ubutegetsi
Yarambwiye ati : “Imvururu zabaye muri 1973 kuzishyira kuri perezida Grégoire Kayibanda ni ikinyoma cyambaye ubusa. Muri 1973 nari umusirikari mukuru (officier) nkora mu ubuwubatsi bwa gisirikari (Compagnie des Bâtiments Militaires -BM) i Kanombe. Twakoreshaga abakozi b’ abasivili benshi aho twubakishaga amazu mu bigo bya gisirikare mu gihugu cyose. Nari nshinzwe kubakisha (chantiers) mu bigo bya Kigali, Bugesera (abasirikari), Bugesera (urubyiruko), Gabiro, Byumba na Butare. Ahandi, imirimo y’ubwubatsi yari iyobowe na Kapiteni Mutabazi na Liyetona Rwabakika bubakisha tuvuge nk’ikigo cy’abapolisi cyo ku Kacyiru.
Imvururu zatangiriye mu bigo by’amashuri, bifata abakozi ba gisivili bo mu bigo bya gisirikari (Main d’oeuvre civile – MOC), bifata ibigo bya Leta, kuri za ministeri bamanika amalisti ariho amazina y’Abatutsi ngo be kongera kuhinjira.
Reka mpere ku bindeba aho nari mu bigo bya gisirikare. Nazindukiye ku kazi, nyura ku iperu mu kigo cy’i Kanombe (Base). Tumaze kuzamura ibendera, nagiye mu ibarizo, nsanga akazi kahagaze kubera ko umukuru waryo (Kapita, chef charpentier) n’umwungirije, abakozi babiri kuri bane bakoreshaga amamashini abaza batari baje ku kazi. Aho basudiraga ibyuma (atelier soudure) naho byari uko. Ubwo poromiye serija (Ier Sergent) Serugendo nawe aba araje. Ku nyubako z’i Kanombe yari yungirije Liyetona Rwabakika wo mu Ruhengeri. Ati “ Akazi ko kubaka kahagaze, Kapita n’abafundi bababujije kwinjira mu kigo”. Liyetona Rwabakika na Kapiteni Mutabazi barambwira ngo nimbyihorere.
Nafashe ikamyo ipakiye isima njya ku kigo cya Kigali, nsanga naho ni uko, ngo nta Mututsi ugomba kugaruka ku kazi ; kandi abo bose bakoreshwaga na Ministeri y’ingabo z’igihugu n’abapoloisi. Nagiye aho abasirikari bakuru bicira akanyota (Messe officiers) i Kigali, ntelefona umukuru (Commandant) w’iby’ubwubatsi bwa gisirikari (Compagnie Bâtiments militaires) i Kanombe, umuzungu witwaga Kapiteni Badou, musaba amabwiriza, ati “nanjye byanyobeye, Kapiteni Mutabazi wo ku Gisenyi yavuze ko amabwiriza yavuye hejuru, ko ari ibirebana n’umutekano, kandi ko tutabyivangamo”. Yangiriye inama ko njya kubaza Lizinde wari ushinzwe kwiga imishinga (chef du Bureau d’Etude) muri ministeri y’Ingabo , ko ari byo Kapiteni Mutabazi abwiye Kapiteni Badou. Nagiye kuri ministeri, Lizinde aranyakira, mubwiye ko akazi kahagaze, ko ntumva icyo abo Batutsi bazira, ati : « Ceceka, si wowe ushinzwe umutekano w’igihugu. Mushake Abahutu mubashyire muri iyo myanya Abatutsi bari bafite, niba ntabo mubatoze(formez-les) ».
Ntawe utazi amateka ya Lizinde n’uruhare yagize muri kudeta yo mu w’1973. Mpereye ku mvugo no ku buryo Liyetona Rwabakika, Kapiteni Mutabazi, na poromiye Serija (IerSergent) Serugendo bitwaye, bose ni Abakiga kandi bari babizi, nahereyeko numva ko hari ikintu. Kubona na poromiye Serija (Ier Sergent) w’umukiga yari azi iyo gahunda yo kwirukana abakozi b’Abatutsi mu bigo bya gisirikare, njyewe w’umunyagitarama, umusirikari mukuru (officier) ntabizi, ari njye wari ufite henshi nubakisha, naza ngasanga abakozi barahagaritswe ntabizi, Lizinde ati “si wowe ushinzwe umutekano w’igihugu!” None se Serugendo wari ubizi ni we wari uwushinzwe ? Cyangwa ni uko yari mu kabanga k’abateguye izo mvururu we na Kapitene Mutabazi na Liyetona Rwabakika?
Mu mashuri : muri koleji ya Mutagatifu Andereya i Nyamirambo, nagiyeyo mpurujwe na Padiri Goffinet wayoboraga icyo kigo, ko murumuna wanjye DD nawe ari uwambere ku rutonde rw’abo komite (comité) y’abanyeshuri yirukanye, akanga kugenda, akaba yahungiye mu biro by’umuyobozi (Directeur) ko ariho bamukingiranye ngo abanyeshuri batamwica. Niba imvururu zarashojwe na Kayibanda, kuki n’Abahutu bakomoka Gitarama birukanwaga, nk’uwo murumuna wanjye bamwirukaniye iki ? Nageze i Nyamirambo nambaye imyenda y’intambara, ntanga gasopo ko Padiri Goffinet agenda akabwira izo mbwa zizana akajagari ko nizikora kuri murumuna wanjye, zishobora kubona ishyano. Padiri Goffinet yambwiye ko yari yatelefonnye ku kigo cy’abapolisi ngo baze bamutabare, bakamubwira ngo niyivuganire n’umuyobozi mukuru w’abapolisi muri ministeri y’ingabo. Uwo yari Majoro Nsekarije. Padiri Goffinet yagiye kwa Nsekarije, Nsekarije amwirukana mu biro bye. Padiri Goffinet yarongeye arambwira ati : “Aka kajagari ni intangiriro za kudeta. Biragaragara ko hari abantu bari gushaka urwitwazo rwo gufata ubutegetsi ku ngufu”. None imvururu zitatewe n’abo bishakiraga ubutegetsi,niba njye njyenyine narabashije kugarura agahenge muri Koleji i Nyamirambo, bo bari bashinzwe umutekano w’igihugu, cyarabahaye n’ibyangombwa byose byo kuwubungabunga,kuki ntacyo bakoze ?
Nahavuye ndakaye, nyura kwa Kapiteni Bizimana ndabimubwira, ambwira ko umuzungu w’umusuwisi yabwiye Kayibanda ko abasirikare bategura kudeta, ko bazakoresha n’abacanshuro (mercenaires), avuga n’ahantu (site) abo basirikari n’abo bacanshuro bashobora kuzahurira.
Kudeta yashoboraga kuburizwamo
Ni muri urwo rwego twigeze gukura abasirikare mu kigo cy’i Kanombe, barara amarondo, dushinga ibirindiro (gufata amapozisiyo – positions) dutegereje ka hagira abagerageza kudeta, tukayiburizamo. Kubera ahantu henshi nubakishaga, navuganye na bamwe mu basirikari bo mu bigo bya Kibungo, Mutara, Byumba, Bugesera, Ruhengeri, Kommando Bigogwe, kampanyi yambere, iya kabiri n’iya gatatu z’i Kanombe, ndetse n’abo mu bwubatsi bwa gisirikari, hose biteguye kudukurikira tukaburizamo kudeta.
Ibyo byarakaje cyane Jenerali Majoro Habyarimana, ashinga Majoro Simba Aloys ngo akore itohoza (enquête) amubwire abaraje abasirikare hanze, ngo ntiyumva uko azabagira, ngo nta gihano kiriho azi gikwiranye n’abo bantu. Simba yakoze anketi, ayiha Habyarimana. Njye nemereye Majoro Simba ko nabikoze kandi niteguye kubyongera, nti “ushaka ubutegetsi AZIYAMAMAZE, atorwe n’abaturage, naho uzongera kuzana akajagari, tuzamurwanya”. Nongeyeho ko ntagiye mu gisirikare kugirango murumuna wanjye ye kutiga. Nongeyeho nti “Ese ubundi ari Umuhutu cyangwa Umututsi ni nde Imana yahitishijemo ubwoko avukamo ?” Nahereyeko mvanwa i Kigali igitaraganya, noherezwa mu kindi kigo cya gisirikari mu majyaruguru y’u Rwanda. Ikibabaje ni uko Kayibanda yakomeje kuvuga ngo HABYARIMANA ntiyareka Abakiga ngo bakore kudeta !
Kapiteni Bizimana abwiye Kayibanda ko narakajwe n’uko murumuna wanjye bamwirukanye bamubeshyera ngo ni Umututsi, ko ntumva n’icyo abo Batutsi bazira, Kayibanda yaravuze ngo “ese ni njye wakanga Abatutsi, ntikwaba ari ugutuka Verediyana ?” Kayibanda amenye ko Nsekarije yanze kohereza Abapolisi, yavuze ko bagomba kumwirukana, ko n’igipolisi kidahosha imvururu ntacyo kimaze. Niyo mpamvu yasheshe igipolisi, akivanga n’ingabo kugirango byose Habyarimana abitegeke, naho Nsekarije na Kanyarengwe bashyirwaga mu majwi bakajyanwa mu mashuri no mu gutegeka ibyayi. Kayibanda yahereyeko ahamagara Habyarimana, amutegeka kwohereza Ingabo kugarura umutekano mu gihugu. Mu bagiye guhosha imvururu, Kapiteni Maniraguha wo mu Ruhengeri na Suliyetona Nyampame nibo bajyanye ingabo zivuye i Kanombe gufatanya n’ipoloto (peloton) y’i Gitarama guhosha imvururu muri Gitarama.
Aho nari naraciriwe, nakomezaga gukurikira amakuru y’ibibera i Kigali. Icyo nabwiwe mu kwezi kwa Gicurasi 1973 na Minani Frodouald ni uko Liyetona Niyoyita yari amaze gukora urutonde rw’abasirikari bimuriwe igihe kimwe nanjye. Urwo rutonde rwerekanaga neza cyane ukuntu abasirikari b’abasuzofisiye (Sous-officiers) n’abandi batojwe mu kurwanisha intwaro zisanzwe (armes collectives) bakomoka mu majyepfo y’igihugu bari bavanywe i Kigali na Kanombe, bakoherezwa za Cyangugu, Gisenyi, Ruhengeri, Mutara, Kibungo, babasimbuza abakomoka Gisenyi, Ruhengeri na Byumba. Twasabye kubaza perezida icyo abitekerezaho, kuko iyo bamubwiraga ko hari agatsiko k’Abakiga gategura kudeta, yavugaga ko bidashoboka, kuko Habyarimana ari umwana we buzura kandi yizeye. Twasabaga kandi Minani Frodouald kubaza perezida icyo kuriya kwimura abasirikari byerekanaga, impamvu hari ubwikanyize bwa Gisenyi na Ruhengeri mu buyobozi bw’inzego zose zirebana n’umutekano w’igihugu. Twaravugaga kandi tuti: “ko bigaragara ka Abakiga bategura coup d’Etat, kandi nibayikora, bazica Abanyenduga, uwabatanga twe tukayikora, ntitugire uwo twica, ahubwo bamwe tukabafunga?”
Dore ko Minani yari aturanye na Kayibanda, yadusize muri salo, anyura mu gikari agiye kureba perezida Kayibanda. Yagarutse hashize isaha. Atubwira ko Habyarimana nta rondakarere cyangwa ubwikanyize bwa Gisenyi na Ruhengeri yazanye mu gisirikare, ko ahubwo kubera ko Ababiligi bari bategetse ko Abatutsi bagomba kuba hagati ya 15 na 20 % mu ishuri rikuru rya gisirikari, we na Balthazar Bicamumpaka, na Calliope Mulindahapi bahisemo ko imyanya yari igenewe Abahutu, mu itsinda rya mbere (première promotion) bayiharira Ruhengeri na Gisenyi, kuko mu yandi maperefegitura bitari byoroshye kumenya umuhutu nyawe, ejo batazavaho basanga imyanya y’Abahtutu yaratwawe n’Umututsi dore ko ngo Abatutsi bakundaga gukubagana mu ngo z’abagaragu babo!
Ku bijyanye no kwimura abasirikari, perezida Kayibanda yabwiye Minani ko azahamagara Habyarimana akabimubaza, atabona ibisobanuro akamusaba kubihagarika, dore ko icyo gihe u Rwanda n’u Burundi byarebanaga ay’ingwe.
Ku birebana na kudeta byo Kayibanda yamuteye utwatsi, amubwirako mu basirikari bakuru, Habyarimana ari we ugerageza (ufite “préparation” ihagije) ; ariko akaba atabona impamvu yatuma Habyarimana akora Coup d’Etat. Ati “ Ese ubundi ubutegetsi si we ubufite, si we wampaye Seyanga na Bizimana ngo mbagire ba ministiri, ko njyewe urubyiruko n’amasiporo nashakaga kubishinga Rwagafirita ?” Yaramubwiye ngo atubwire ko n’iyo Abakiga bakora kudeta, we nta maraso ashaka ko tumena ngo turamugarura ku butegetsi, ngo uretse ko n’itegeko nshinga ritamwemerera gukomeza kuyobora igihugu, n’abaganga bakaba baramusabye kuruhuka ; ko kongre itegurwa ariyo izatoranyaumukandida wa MDR uziyamamariza umwanya wa perezida, ikiga ikibazo cy’imvururu zayogoje igihugu, kandi akazasaba kongere gufatira abazishoje ibihano by’intangarugero. Yongeyeho ko Verediana yaba yaravuze ngo “ntakumena amaraso y’abandi Bahutu, Abatutsi bazayamena” ! Ngo dutegereze kongere ibyo byose izabikemura.
“Ntawe urenga nyamunsi”
Ku wa 1 Nyakanga uzi ko kuri stade Nyamirambo basuzuguye perezida Kayibanda izuba riva, nawe ati :“Abashaka gukora kudeta nibayikore, simbitinya”. Nibajije ibyo ari byo, biranyobera. Mfata imodoka mva aho nari naraciriwe, nza i Kigali kureba uko bimeze. Nagiye kwa Kapiteni Bizimana, mpurirayo na Ministiri Frodouald Minani na Kalisa, muramu wa perezida Kayibanda. Mbabaza ibyo nari numviye i Kanombe kuko nahanyuze, ba Liyetona Bikolimana bakambwira bati : “Zana abasirikari ufite mu ….. , tubwire n’abandi basigaye hano mu bacu, maze tuburizemo kudeta bategura kuko ngo bazayikora le 5 Nyakanga”. Ubwo twari le 3 Nyakanga. Bizimana twari turwaniye iwe, kuko nari mvuze ngo “ibya KAYIBANDA tubireke, dukore kudeta, dutange Abakiga”. Kapiteni Bizimana ati : “Ibyo perezida ntabikozwa. Yadutegetse gutegereza kongere ya le 5 Nyakanga, ni yo IZEMEZA cyangwa ikanga umukandida azabasaba gukurikira kuko we ashaka kuruhuka, agakurikirana ishyaka rya MDR ”. Ati “iby’abo Bakiga na kudeta zabo ni akajagari bashoje, kariya gatsiko kazafatirwa ibyemezo muri kongere”. Nti “mujye kumubwira amakuru mvanye i Kanombe ko le 5 Nyakanga hazaba kudeta”. Kapiteni Bizimana yaranze, agezeho ajya yo, agarutse ati : “Avuze ko usubira mu …, ugatanga urugero rwo kumvira”; ngo “bamundezeho ko nabanje no kwanga kujya mu ….”, ngo “le 5 Nyakanga azaha Abanyarwanda bose igisubizo muri kongere, ndetse ko n’iyo iyo kudeta bayikora, we yizeye Habyarimana, ko we adashaka ko hagira amaraso ameneka, nta mirwano ashaka mu ngabo z’igihugu ”. Nahise nsubira mu ….. ariko, nyuze i Kanombe, mbwira Bikorimana na Ajida Habimana ko Kayibanda yategetse ko dutegereza kongere. Bati : “Nutaza, ba Kanyarengwe barakora kudeta kandi nyamara na Habyarimana abirimo”.
Umwanzuro
Abahakana ko imvururu zitateguwe n’Abasilikari b’Abakiga babanze batubwire impamvu mu bigo by’amashuri komite z’abayoboye kariya kajagari zayoborwaga n’Abakiga. Niba ari Grégoire Kayibanda wabiteguye, basobanure ukuntu aho kugira ngo abe arinjye amenyesha iyo gahunda ku birebana n’abakozi b’Abatutsi mu bwubatsi bwa gisirikari, ko nagendaga kwa Kayibanda, kuki atabimenyesheje ? Yarandenze maze ajya kubimenyesha Kapiteni Mutabazi wo ku Gisenyi, Liyetona Rwabakika wo mu Ruhengeri, na poromiye Serija Serugendo batagenda iwe ?
Muri icyo gihe inama (Congrès) za MDR zarimo zitegurwa. Turi aho abasirikari bakuru biyakirira (Mess Officiers) i Kanombe, twaganiriye uko inzego z’ishyaka ziri kwiga urutonde rw’abashobora gusimbura Kayibanda. Frodouald Minani yacecekesheje umuntu wari uvuze ngo “ariko ubundi kuki KAYIBANDA atakomeza”, ngo “abo bose bashaka gusimbura Kayibanda ni abanyerari”, amubwira ko “revolisiyo ya rubanda yaciye ingoma ya cyami, nta butegetsi karande kandi ko na nyirubwite azabyibwirira Congrès”. Ku bwanjye (ni Sulieyetona Viateur Nzaramba ukomeje kuvuga) nabonaga Frodouald Minani ari we wari ubukwiye. Kuri jye, niyo mpamvu abakoze kudeta barigitishije disikuru Kayibanda yari kuvugira muri kongere yari iteganijwe le 05 juillet 1973, kuko igiye ahagaragara bamwara.
Tugaruke ku bya Lizinde wagize ati : “Si wowe ushinzwe umutekano w’igihugu”. Ubundi mu gihugu hari ibyo bita ministeri z’ubusugire bw’igihugu (ministères de souveraineté), ari zo :
1.Ububanyi n’amahanga (Affaires Etrangères, diplomatie).
2. Ubutegetsi bw’igihugu (Interieur)
3. Kurinda ubusugire bw’igihugu (Défense)
4. Imali y’igihugu (Finances)
Abashinzwe umutekano ni Ministeri 2 : iy’Ingabo n’iy’ubutegetsi bw’igihugu. Izo ministeri zitegeka ingabo, abapolisi n’inzego z’iperereza (sûreté) zikoreshwa muri ako kazi ko kubungabunga umutekano n’ubusugire bw’igihugu. Mu w’1973 Ingabo, Abaplosi n’inzego z’iperereza byose byari muri Ministeri y’Ingabo. Habyarimana ni we wari ministiri, umugaba mukuru w’Ingabo n’abapolisi.Umuyobozi mukuru w’abapolisi (Directeur géneral de la police) yari Majoro Nsekarije (Gisenyi), umuyobozi mukuru w’iperereza yari liyetona Koloneli Kanyarengwe (Ruhengeri), naho Komanda Lizinde (Gisenyi) akaba umuyobozi w’ibiro by’imishinga n’izindi gahunda (Bureau Etude et Programme). Abo bagabo ni bo bari bashinzwe iperereza no kurinda umutekano. Imvururu zabaye babizi, barabirebera, barareka ziraba. Umuyobozi wa Koleji ya Mutagatifu Andereya yitabaje Abapolisi, Nsekarije ababuza gutabara, nabivuze. Abo bose ni Abakiga, bakoze kudeta bitwaje ziriya mvururu, baburizamo kongere ya MDR yagombaga gutoranya umukandida wari kuziyamamariza umwanya w’umukuru w’igihugu, igasuzuma na kiriya kibazo cy’imvururu zabaye. Bakoze kudeta, bariya bagabo ni bo bafashe imyanya ikomeye :
1.Habyarimana : Umukuru w’igihugu, perezida wa Komite y’ubumwe n’amahoro, ministiri w’ingabo, n’umugaba mukuru wazo.
2. Kanyarengwe : Ministiri w’ubutegetsi bw’igihugu n’abakozi ba Leta (ministeri 2).
3. NSEKARIJE : Ububanyi n’amahanga.
4. LIZINDE = Umuyobozi mukuru w’iperereza.
Uwavuga ko bariya bagabo bane, hamwe na bagenzi babo bashoje imvururu mu gihugu kugirango babyitwaze bakore kudeta, bamara kuyikora bagasibanganya ibimenyetso, bakica Abanyagitarama, bakabubikaho urusyo ngo bari bagiye kuroha Urwanda, ngo Kayibanda yari agiye guhindura itegeko nshinga kugirango ahame ku ubutegetsi, ntiyaba yibeshye. Ikindi kandi, bamwe Badatana bo ku wa 5 Nyakanga (Camarades du 5 juillet) baracyariho : Koloneli Serubuga, Koloneli Gahimano, Koloneli Ntibitura n’anandi. Bakwiye kugira icyo babivugaho.
BIRACYAZA….
Jean de Dieu Musemakweli


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07/03/2017 Yanditswe na Emmanuel Senga
Reka ntangire iki gitekerezo nibaza iki kibazo nti ni : ni iki kizereka abanyarwanda ko bafite demokarasi? Ese tugomba gukomeza kwemera ibyo abanyapolitiki bishingikirizaho, kubera ko bayobora abaturage benshi batajijutse, maze tugakomeza tukemezwa ko hari umutegetsi runaka wazanye demokarasi, kandi tubona ko ibikorwa bihabanye n’icyitwa demokarasi? Kugeza ubu nta mutegetsi wari wabasha kugarura ubwumvikane bwuzuye hagati y’amoko y’abanyarwanda. Icyo bakora bose ni ukurenza ku bwumvikane buke buranga ayo moko, maze bagasoma amadisikuru y’ibyifuzo gusa, bakayakurikiza iterabwoba rihatira kwemera ko abanyarwanda biyunze, kandi mu by’ukuri ibyo abayobozi bakorera cyangwa bakoresha abaturage bidashobora kubunga. Bararenganya bamwe bagatetesha abandi, ariko bakibagirwa ko hari abandi babirebera kure kandi bakabigaya. Ababigaya, ubutegetsi buriho bubita inyangarwanda, ngo ni abanzi b’igihugu, kuko ubwo butegetsi butinya kwicara hamwe na bo ngo babuvuguruze, nibiba ngombwa abaturage babasimbuze binyuze mu matora y’ukuri. Ariko tuzamenya ko mu Rwanda hageze demokarasi igihe abanyarwanda bose bazaba bashobora kuvuga icyo bashaka, batikanga gufungwa no kwicwa; igihe bazaba bashobora kubona ubutabera nta tonesha cyangwa itotezwa, kandi bagashobora kwitorera abayobozi bishakiye, igihe cyagera bakabavanaho. Umunyarwanda utabyumva kimwe n’abayobozi ntafatwe nk’umwanzi.
Iyi foto ibanziriza ibi byose tuvugaho, kimwe n’iyo mubona hagati mu mwandiko, zirerekana Perezida George W. Bush w’umurepubulikani ahuje urugwiro n’umudamu wa Barack Obama, Michelle Obama, b’abademokarate kandi bamusimbuye. Ni ryari tuzabona Kagame yegeranye na Agathe Kanziga bahuje urugwiro? Ibi biramutse bibaye, nta wundi mugabo mwakenera, demokarasi yaba yatashye mu rwa Gasabo. Ngo nta wuvuma iritararenga da, yenda ahari byashoboka! Ko bombi bakuriye muri Repubulika.
Kera Repubulika igisimbura ubwami mu Rwanda, bavugaga ko uwinjiye muri politiki aba yinjiye mu matiku. Icyo gihe politiki yarangwaga n’inzangano, no kugambanirana no kwigizanyayo ndetse no kwicana.
Ababayeho muri icyo gihe muribuka icyo bitaga guta umurongo, aho abarwanashyaka b’ishyaka rya MDR Parmehutu ry’icyo gihe bigizanyagayo, mu matiku n’inzangano, hagasigara agapande k’abantu bakeya babaga na bo barangwa no kubeshyerana, no guhakirizwa, kugira ngo bakunde babone indonke z’ingoma. Birumvikana ko mu bihe nk’ibyo abitwa abategetsi baba bahugiye mu nyungu zabo, nta we utekereza umuturage. Muri ibyo bihe baba biba, banyereza, bacuranwa ibyiza by’igihugu. Iyo bitinze kandi abatabigeraho kandi bakagombye kubigeraho batangira gucura imigambi yo guhirika ubutegetsi. Ni ko byagenze muri 1973, ku ya 5 Nyakanga, ubwo abasirikari bakuru bayobowe na Jenerari Majoro Habyarimana Yuvenali bafataga ubutegetsi, babeshye rubanda ko habayeho ihirikwa ry’ubutegetsi nta mivu y’amaraso imenetse. Nyamara si ko byari bimeze, kuko muri icyo gihe Majoro Lizinde n’abafasha be barimo gufunga no kwica abanyagitarama n’abandi bitaga abanyanduga, nta rubanza baciriwe.
Mu mizo ya mbere, ubutegetsi bwa gisirikari bwari bugiyeho bwemezaga ko bugiye gukosora ibitaragenze neza, birimo guca ubusumbane mu bana b’u Rwanda, hakimikwa amahoro n’ubumwe. Byabaye ariko iby’igihe gito, kuko bidatinze hadutse imvugo ngo “uzi ico ndi co”, bishaka kuvuga ko nkomoka ku Gisenyi na Ruhengeri, iwabo w’ubutegetsi. Kubona akazi ahantu hahemba neza byari iby’umugabo bigasiba undi. Ndetse hari abari barazinutswe no kugashaka. Ibyo byarakomeje biza kugera muri 1991, ubwo inama y’i La Baule mu Bufaransa yasabaga ko ibihugu by’Afurika ikoresha ururimi rw’igifaransa, bishyiraho ubutegetsi bwemera amashyaka menshi, tutibagiwe ko n’inkotanyi zari zagabye igitero ku Rwanda guhera tariki ya 01 Ukwakira 1990. Ibi bintu byombi (igitero cy’inkotanyi, amashyaka menshi) byatumye politiki y’u Rwanda ihindura isura, ndetse ubutegetsi bwa Perezida Habyarimana bucika intege, kubera ko abaturage bari batangiye kumva ko hari ubundi buryo igihugu cyayoborwa. Bidatinze kuya 4 Mata 1994, indege yari itwaye Perezida Habyarimana iba irahanuwe, igihugu gicura imiborogo, himakazwa ubwicanyi ndengakamere bwacogoye nko mu mwaka wa 1998, dushyizemo n’ubwicanyi ndengakamere bwakorewe n’impunzi zari zarahungiye muri Congo. Ariko guhera tariki ya 19 Nyakanga 1994 hari hagiyeho Guverinoma bitaga iy’ubumwe, ariko mu by’ukuri yari igizwe na FPR yari yafashe ubutegetsi bwose, iha n’andi mashyaka bari bayihuriyemo, bitwaje Amasezerano y’Amahoro y’Arusha yari yasinywe ku itariki ya 4 Kanama 1993, ariko FPR itatinze kunyukanyuka igasigara ikoresha kugaba imyanya uko ibyishakiye.
FPR yahisemo gushyamiranya abanyarwanda aho kubahuza ngo bafatanyirize hamwe.
FPR yinjira mu gihugu byari byitezwe ko izafatanya n’abo isanze, ariko si ko byagenze. Aho kuzuzanya n’abari mu gihugu, ahubwo barashyamiranye, nyamara byarashobokaga. Ariko se ni iki kiruhije kuba umuntu yakwigana uru rugero twerekwa na Michelle Obama na George W. Bush mu kugaragaza ko abashyamiranye mu bitekerezo bitababuza kumvikana no kujya inama?
Ubutegetsi bwa FPR na bwo bwaje abanyarwanda bamwe babushyizemo icyizere, ariko nk’akanya ko guhumbya cyaraje amasinde. Umusirikari mukuru wari wayoboye urugamba rwari rwafashe igihugu, Jenerari Majoro Paul Kagame, byose arabihindura, yigenera umwanya wa Visi Perezida utari warateganyijwe, agira ngo azananize uwo bari bashyize imbere ngo abe Perezida. Ni na ko byagenze, Perezida Pasteur Bizimungu yeguzwa igitaraganya, asimburwa na Paul Kagame, u Rwanda ruba rusubiye mu gihe cy’ubutegetsi bwa gisirikari. Kuko, nubwo Paul Kagame yitwa ngo yaretse igisirikari, imyitwarire, imikorere byose ni ibya gisirikari, ndetse ku buryo buhebuje bw’igitugu. Aha ni ho u Rwanda ruri ubu. Ariko kubera kubura uko yarekura ubutegetsi, ubu yabonye uburyo bugayitse bwo kwiyenza ku Itegeko Nshinga, ararihindura none arashaka kuzongera kwitoza, mu mayeri y’amafifiko nk’uko yabimenyereye.
Hagati aho muri iyi minsi yegera ayo matora ubwoba ni bwinshi mu banyarwanda, kuko mu by’ukuri nta wakwihandagaza ngo avuge uko bizagenda. Ibintu byose birashoboka. Ibimenyetso bihari biratwereka ko igihugu gifite ubukene bukabije, urugomo rurazamuka buri munsi mu baturage badatinya no kwicana izuba riva kandi abategetsi barebera; hanze amashyaka arwanya ubutegetsi arakaza umurego wo kwisuganya no kubusobanurira ibihugu bikomeye bitabuzi; abategetsi bariyongeza imishahara kugira ngo bakunde bagire akanyamuneza ko kogeza no gutoresha Kagame; rubanda iri mu bukene burenze urugero nubwo ubutegetsi bubihishira, igihugu kirarebana ay’ingwe n’abaturanyi, ibihugu bikomeye biributsa ko iyo manda ya Kagame itari ngombwa, ko agomba kubahiriza itegeko nshinga, n’ibindi n’ibindi.
Mu bayobozi imbere ni ubwoba bukabije, kuko, kubera imyaka ishize Perezida Kagame ategeka, buri wese arumva ko igihe cyari iki akarekura. Ibi ariko ntabikozwa kubera impamvu nyinshi, iziboneka n’izitaboneka. Iziboneka ni uko ngo yakijije u Rwanda ngo akaruteza imbere, rukaba rugana mu cyerecyezo cya Singapuru y’Afurika; na ho izitagaragara ni ukwibaza ikizakurikira aramutse arekuye ubutegetsi. Azajyanwa imbere y’inkiko, ashobora se gusagarirwa, azahunga se…ibibazo ni byinshi ku buryo ikimuha amahoro, na yo y’igihe gito ni ukwizirika ku butegetsi mpaka. Ayo mahoro akaomeza no kuyashakisha hirya hino, aho adasiba kuzenguruka ngo ngaho yagiye guhaha, nyamara ahubwo arimo asesagura n’uduke igihugu cyari gifite.
Muri rusange ibibazo ni byinshi kandi iminsi irihuta. Hakorwa iki rero ngo u Rwanda ruve muri iyi muzunga y’amateka?
Ibyakorwa birahari, si byo bibuze; ahubwo bikorwe na nde? Abagomba kubikora, ari bo bategetsi barahuze, barasahura, bafite ubwoba; mu gihe abafite ubushake bwo kubikora bimwe urubuga rwo kubikora. Bizagenda gute rero ngo demokarasi izanwe mu Rwanda tugifite izi mpande zishyamiranye? Uko byagenda kose zigomba guhura zigakorera hamwe cyangwa zikabitozwa, hakoreshejwe izindi ngufu, kuko ntabwo abanyarwanda bazemera gukomeza kuguma mu gihirahiro ngo ngaho hari ababicaye hejuru bababuza kwishyira bakizana. Abanyarwanda nibashishoze bamenya ubabeshya n’ubabwiza ukuri, kandi banashire n’ubwoba bavuge ibitagenda kandi babibwire uwo nyine utuma bitagenda. Kwigira “ntibindeba bizakorwa n’abandi” izakugumisha hamwe, ikubyinishe muzunga nibirimba ugwe amacuri. Ibi se ni nde ubishaka? Nimuhaguruke mubyange maze murebe ngo demokarasi irataha mu Rwanda. Nimwiyake ubwoba muvuge mudatukana, nimuharanire ukwishyira mukizana kwanyu kandi mubibwire abo bayobozi na bo babyumve, nibaramuka batabyumvise, bazabyumvishwa n’induru. Ahasigaye dutegurire urubyaro rwacu u Rwanda rujya mbere mu majyambere. Iyi ni yo ntego twakagombye kumva mbere yo kujya gusetsa imikara ngo turatora, kandi uwiyimitse yarabirangije kera. Umunsi w’amatora mwagombye kuba mwibereye mu mirimo yanyu isanzwe, kuko ariya makinamico y’amatora nta we yari akwiye kubeshya. Ariko nibiba ngombwa ko mukina uwo mukino, mukomeze mutekereze ko mutazahora mukoreshwa ibyo mutemera, naze buri munsi mutekereze icyo mwashobora gukora ngo mubeho neza mwisanzuye. Ngiyo intego y’umuturage wese ushaka demokarasi, kuko demokarasi bitavuga kubura urukundo no kwishyira ngo wizane, ahubwo muri demokarasi ni byo bigomba kuba intego.

robotstxt: allowed

filter: keep


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Diode 808nm gukuramo umusatsi
Ibicuruzwa birambuye
Ibicuruzwa
Video
Ihame ry'imikorere
Sisitemu ya diode ya laser isohora lazeri eshatu z'uburebure bwa 755nm, 808nm na 1064nm.Yinjizwa na melanin iherereye mumisatsi, kugirango isenye umusatsi.Imisatsi yimisatsi nayo ikuramo ingufu za laser, kugirango isenywe kandi gaze.Noneho umusatsi udashaka ukurwaho burundu kandi burundu.
Umutwe umwe
1.Kuraho umusatsi usobanutse
2.Birakoreshwa muburyo bwose bwimisatsi nuruhu
3.Nta mubabaro
Ibyiza
1.Umubari utumizwa muri Coheren (USA).
2.Pompe y'amazi itumizwa muri Amerika.
3.Imashanyarazi itumizwa muri Lambda (Ubuyapani).
4.I ecran ikoraho, ibara kandi byoroshye gukora.Ifite indimi nyinshi zirimo icyesipanyoli.
5.Ikoranabuhanga ryiza rya SHR OPT.
6.Umuzunguruko w'amazi n'amashanyarazi biratandukanye, ni umutekano.
7.Mu bihugu bine by’iburayi CE byemejwe, sisitemu yo gukonjesha ituma ibikoresho bikora igihe kirekire kandi bikomeza.
8.Amazi y'amazi atumizwa muri Amerika, kugirango amazi azenguruke neza kuva mumubiri wibikoresho kugeza imbunda.
9. Imirasire ikozwe mu muringa, kubera ko umuringa ushobora gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe neza, hamwe nigisubizo cyiza cyo gukonja.Amasegonda make nyuma yo gukanda buto (Yiteguye), imbunda yimbunda irahagarara.
Ibisobanuro
Icyemezo
Burayi CE
Gusaba
Ivuriro rya Spa
Ivuriro rya Spa
Ivuriro rya Spa
Mbere nyuma
Ibibazo
1.Kuki laser ya diode, Nd yag laser na Alexandrite laser ishobora gukuramo umusatsi?
Diode laser, Nd yag laser na Alexandrite laser isohora imirasire yumucyo, ishobora kwinjira mumuzi yumusatsi, igashyushya pigment muri yo, ikanakwirakwira mumisatsi yose, ikangiza imisatsi, bityo igashobora gukuramo umusatsi wuzuye. .
2.Ni bangahe ukeneye gukuramo umusatsi uhoraho?
amasomo agera kuri 2 kugeza kuri 6
3.Gusenyuka mubihe byose
4.Nshobora kwoga kugeza ryari nyuma yo gushashara igice?
Iminsi 3
5.Ese lazeri hari icyo igira ku kuboko?
Ifite ingaruka runaka, nyuma yubuvuzi 4-6 irashobora kugabanuka kwamaboko.
6.Ese laser ifite amafaranga yo kuvugurura?
Yego.
Kohereza ubwato, indege cyangwa gari ya moshi murugo, twita kumpapuro zose, umukiriya wacu ntakeneye gukora impapuro zose.kohereza mu rugo.


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Kuri uyu wa mbere tariki 01 Nyakanga 2019, Diyosezi ya Cyangugu yungutse Paruwasi nshya ya Mugomba ivutse kuri Paruwasi ya Hanika.
Ibirori by’ishingwa ry’iyi paruwasi ya cumi n’icyenda (19) mu zigize Diyosezi ya Cyangugu byabimburiwe n’umuhango wo guha umugisha inzu z’amacumbi y’Abapadiri yubatswe ku ruhare runini rw’imisanzu n’imiganda y’abakristu byunganiwe n’inkunga y’abagiraneza basanzwe bafasha Diyosezi.
Hakurikiyeho Igitambo cy’Ukaristiya cyayobowe na Nyiricyubahiro Musenyeri Celestin HAKIZIMANA, Umushumba wa Gikongoro akaba n’Umuyobozi wa Diyosezi ya Cyangugu, ari na cyo cyabereyemo umuhango wo guha Kiliziya umugisha
Cardiac Status Evaluation what is cialis Malaysian men aged 40 and above is 16%. Based on these.
Oral absorption was rapid in all species studied, with Tmaxof 3 hours or less.05) increase in functional nephrotoxicity indicators such as BUN and Serum creatinin in Sildenafil citrate-treated rats compared with control (Table 3). cialis prices.
Ahereye ku isomo rya kabiri (1 Pet 2, 4-9), Musenyeri yasabye abakristu kumva ko ari bo bahamagariwe kuba amabuye mazima Kristu yubakaho Kiliziya ye muri iyi si. Yagize ati “Muhamagariwe kuba Kiliziya nzima, mukumva ko muri “ubwoko bwatoranyijwe, imbaga y’abaherezabitambo ba cyami, ihanga ritagatifu, umuryango Imana yironkeye, kugira ngo mujye mwamamaza ibigwi by’Uwabahamagaye, abavana mu mwijima akabinjiza mu rumuri rwe rw’agatangaza” (1 Pet 2, 9).
Yabasabye kandi kubera abandi urumuri, birinda kugira uwo babera ibuye atsitaraho ahubwo bakibumbira kuri Kristu, we wabaye ibuye rizima ry’insanganyarukuta. Ibyo bazabifashwamo no kugira imyumvire iruta iy’abandi kuri Yezu nk’iyaranze Petero n’izindi ntumwa twumvise mu Ivanjili (Mt 16, 13-19). Musenyeri yabibwiye abakristu agira ati : “Nk’abana ba Kiliziya, tugomba kumenya Yezu kurusha uko abandi bamuvuga, atari ukumumenyesha ubwenge gusa, ahubwo tumumenya no mu mutima: kumenya Yezu by’ukuri, ni ugukora uko na We akora, ni ukugenza nka We”. Ni cyo gituma Musenyeri yahamagariye buri mukristu guharanira kuba urutare Yezu yubakaho Kiliziya, yitangira Paruwasi, Santrali n’Umuryangoremezo abarizwamo.
Nyuma y’inyigisho, Nyiricyubahiro Musenyeri yatangaje Iteka rishyiraho ku mugaragaro Paruwasi nshya ya Mugomba anakira indahiro ya Padiri Celestin NGENDABANGA wagenwe kuyibera Padiri Mukuru.
Paruwasi ya Mugomba yashinzwe uyu munsi iherereye mu Murenge wa Karambi, Akarere ka Nyamasheke, Intara y’Uburengerazuba.
Ihana imbibi na Paruwasi ya Gatare yo muri Diyosezi ya Gikongoro mu burasirazuba; Paruwasi ya Hanika mu burengerazuba ; Paruwasi ya Gisovu n’iya Kibingo zo muri Diyosezi ya Nyundo mu majyaruguru na
Paruwasi ya Yove yo muri Diyosezi ya Cyangugu mu majyepfo.
Iyi Paruwasi ikaba igizwe na Santrali enye (4) n’Imiryangoremezo mirongo ine n’umwe (41).


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Kuri uyu wa gatandatu, tariki 6 Gashyantare 2021 niho Nyirubutungane Papa Fransisko yagize Padiri Edouard Sinayobye Umushumba wa Diyosezi ya Cyangugu.
Diyosezi ya Cyangugu yari imaze igihe kiri hafi y’imyaka itatu ishinzwe Nyiricyubahiro Musenyeri Célestin Hakizimana Umushumba wa Diyosezi ya Gikongoro ni nyuma yuko uwari Umwepiskopi wayo Nyiricyubahiro Musenyeri Jean Damascène Bimenyimana yitabye Imana muri 2018.
Incamake y’amateka ya Padiri Edouard Sinayobye
Yavutse taliki 20 Mata 1966 avukira i Butare mu Rwanda
1988-1993 yigaga mu Iseminari nto ya Mutagatifu Léon i Kabgayi aho yakuye impamyabushozi y’ibanze mw’ishami ry’Ikiratini n’indimi.
1993-1994 yagiye i Rutongo mu ishuri ry’abitegura kwinjira mu Iseminari Nkuru.
1994-2000 yize Filosofiya na Tewolojiya mu Iseminari Nkuru ya Nyakibanda
Ku itariki 12 Kanama 2000 yahawe Ubupadiri muri Paruwase ya Butare.
2000-2005 Yari Padiri wungirije muri Paruwasi Cathédrale ya Butare imirimo yafatanyaga no kuyobora Komisiyo y’Ubutabera n’Amahoro ya Diyosezi.
2005-2008 Yabaye Padiri Mukuru wa Paruwase ya Gakoma aba kandi umwe bagize komisiyo y’umutungo wa Diyosezi
2008-2013 Yakomeje amasomo ye mw’ishuri rya “Instituto di spiritualita Teresianum” aho yakuye impamyabushobozi y’Ikirenga muri Tewolojiya.
Guhera muri 2014 yagizwe Umuyobozi wa Seminari Nkuru ya Nyumba ya Diyosezi Butare akaba yaranigishaga Tewolojiya muri Seminari nkuru ya Nyakibanda ndetse no muri Kaminuza Gaturika ya Butare
patient’s cultural, religious and economic background.Other drugs under investigation include IC 351 a more cialis online.
Ku wa 6 Gashyantare 2021 yagizwe Musenyeri wa Diyosezi ya Cyangugu.
Nyuma yo kugirwa Umushumba wa Diyosezi ya Cyangugu, Musenyeri Edouard SINAYOBYE yabwiye itangazamakuru ko yatunguwe no kugirwa Musenyeri gusa avugako yabyakiranye umutima wo kubaha Imana ndetse n’inzego za Kiliziya. Yakomeje avugako kuba Musenyeri bitandukanye no kuba Padiri aho uba warabanje kwitegura bihagije kuburyo ntakiba kigutunguye, yongeraho ko burya iyo umuntu abaye Padiri aba yumva icyo yashakaga akigezeho agasigara asaba Imana kurangiza neza izo nshingano. Mumagambo ye yavuze ko ubutumwa bw’Imana kuri we ari ukuba umukristu mwiza, yifashishije amagambo ya Mutagatifu Augustin agira ati : “Hamwe namwe ndi umukristu ariko kuri mwe ndi Umushumba”.
Abinyujije mu itangazo yasize ahagaragara , Nyiricyubahiro Musenyeri Célestin HAKIZIMANA Umushumba wa Diyosezi ya Gikongoro akaba n’Umuyobozi wa Diyosezi ya Cyangugu yashimiye Padiri Sinayobye Edouard kuba yaremeye inshingano yahamagariwe ntagushidikanya anamwifuriza kuzagira ubutumwa bwiza.
Kuruhande rw’abakristu ba Diyosezi ya Cyangugu, bamwe mubaganiriye na Radio Mariya Rwanda bavuzeko bishimiye kuba babonye Umushumba nyuma y’igihe kinini cyari gishize bayobowe na Musenyeri wa Diyosezi wa Gikongoro bikaba byagoranaga kubegera uko bikwiye kubera inshingano nyinshi zo kuyobora amadiyoseze abiri, aba bakristu bagaragazaga ikizere cyo kuzajya babona Musenyeri wabo hafi yabasuye mu bikorwa bitandukanye.
Musenyeri Sinayobye avuga indimi eshanu (Icyongereza, Igifaransa, Igiswahili, Igitariyani n’Ikinyarwanda) akaba kandi ari n’umwanditsi wanditse ibitabo bitandukanye birimo: Kabeho, Les appartions de la Mère du verbe à Kibeho (2016), Jean Paul II, Pèlerin de l’espérance n’ibindi byinshi
Local therapy include intracavernosal injection therapy,maintain an erection sufficient for satisfactory sexual cialis prices.
Byateguguwe na Kazuba Fabrice
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Umuyoboro wa API 5L kumuyoboro wa peteroli na gaze
Ibisobanuro birambuye
Ibiranga ibicuruzwa
Imiyoboro ya gaze irashobora kugabanywamo ubwoko butatu: imiyoboro yo gukusanya gazi, imiyoboro ya gaze, hamwe nogukwirakwiza gaze ukurikije imikoreshereze yabyo.
PipUmuyoboro wo gukusanya gazi: umuyoboro uva ku iriba ry’umurima wa gazi unyuze kuri sitasiyo ikusanyirizwamo uruganda rutunganya gaze cyangwa sitasiyo itangiza gaze, ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gukusanya gaze karemano itavuwe muri stratum.Bitewe n'umuvuduko mwinshi w'iriba rya gaze, umuvuduko w'umuyoboro wa gazi usanzwe uri hejuru ya 100 kgf / cm2, naho umuyoboro wa diameter ni mm 50 kugeza 150.
PipImiyoboro ya gazi: imiyoboro iva mu nganda zitunganya gaze cyangwa gutangiza sitasiyo ya gazi ikomora kuri sitasiyo ya gaze, abakoresha benshi cyangwa ububiko bwa gaze mumijyi minini, hamwe numuyoboro uvugana hagati yisoko rya gaze.Nyuma yo gutunganywa, umuyoboro ujyanye no gutwara imiyoboro.Gazi isanzwe isanzwe (reba tekinoroji yohereza imiyoboro ya gazi) nigice cyingenzi cya sisitemu yose yohereza gaze.Diameter yumuyoboro wa gazi nini kuruta iy'umuyoboro wo gukusanya gaze n'umuyoboro wa gazi.Umuyoboro munini wa gazi ufite diameter ya mm 1420.Gazi isanzwe itwarwa nigitutu kiva kuri compressor point yo gutangirira hamwe na compressor stasiyo kumurongo.Umuvuduko wa gazi ni 70-80 kgf / cm2, kandi uburebure bwumuyoboro burashobora kugera kuri kilometero ibihumbi.
Distribution Umuyoboro wo gukwirakwiza gazi: umuyoboro uva kumuvuduko wumujyi ugenzura no gupima sitasiyo yumukoresha ufite umuvuduko muke, amashami menshi, umuyoboro wuzuye, hamwe na diameter nto.Usibye umubare munini wibyuma, imiyoboro yo gukwirakwiza gazi ntoya irashobora no gukorwa mumiyoboro ya pulasitike cyangwa nibindi bikoresho..
Icyuma cya X-60 gike cyane (imbaraga zingana na 42 kgf / cm2) zikoreshwa cyane mu miyoboro, kandi ibikoresho bikomeye cyane nka X-65 na X-70 byatangiye gukoreshwa.Kugirango ugabanye ubukana bwo guterana amagambo, imiyoboro mishya irenga mm 426 yashizwemo imbere.
Imyuka yimiterere itandukanye itwarwa muburyo bumwe, hamwe na gaze ya gaze ya gazi ya gazi na 70 ° C na 77 kgf / cm2 yumuvuduko mwinshi.Sisitemu yo gutwara gazi isanzwe igizwe nibice bibiri: sitasiyo yohereza gaz na sisitemu.Sisitemu y'umurongo ikubiyemo imiyoboro, ibyumba bya valve kumuhanda, kwambuka inyubako (reba umushinga wambukiranya imiyoboro n'umushinga wambukiranya imiyoboro), sitasiyo yo gukingira catodiki (reba imiyoboro irwanya imiyoboro), uburyo bwo gutumanaho imiyoboro, kohereza no kugenzura byikora (reba gukurikirana imiyoboro), nibindi .
Umuyoboro wibyuma nibikoresho byingenzi byumuyoboro.Umuyoboro wa gazi usanzwe wicyuma nigicuruzwa kidasanzwe cyakozwe mugutunganya byimbitse (umukandara).Bitewe nuburyo butandukanye muburyo bwikoranabuhanga ritunganijwe, imitunganyirize yicyuma gifite imiyoboro itandukanye mubyuma bikoreshwa ninganda zitandukanye.Hamwe niterambere rihoraho ryubushakashatsi bwibyuma, Kanada nibindi bihugu byashyizeho ibice byikizamini cya X100 na X120.Mu mushinga wa Jining tie-line umuyoboro mu Bushinwa, ibyuma byo mu rwego rwa X80 byakoreshejwe mu gice cya 7.71 km cyo kugerageza ku nshuro yambere.Uburebure bwa kilometero 4,843 z'uburengerazuba-Iburasirazuba bwa gazi y'umurongo wa kabiri ukoresha ibyuma bya X80 ibyuma byo mu cyuma hamwe na diameter ya 1219mm, ibyo bikaba byongera umuvuduko wa gazi kuri 12Mpa.Muri rusange, ibyuma bya X80 nuburyo bubiri bwa ferrite na bainite, ibyuma bya X100 ni ibyuma bya bainite, naho ibyuma bya X120 ni ultra-low carbone bainite na martensite.
Ku miyoboro ya gazi isanzwe, imbaraga, gukomera no gusudira nibyo bipimo bitatu byingenzi bigenzura ubuziranenge [6].
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Kamonyi: Besheje umuhigo bahize basuye Umulindi w’Intwari
Abaturage b’Umurenge wa Nyamiyaga barishimira kwesa umuhigo bahize wo kwigurira imodoka y’umutekano n’isuku, nk’isomo bigiye ku Mulindi w’Intwari, ahari Ingoro y’Amateka y’urugamba rwo kubohora Igihugu.
Hari hashize amezi ane abo baturage basuye Ingoro Ndangamateka y’urugamba rwo kubohora Igihugu, basobanurirwa ko izari ingabo za RPA-Inkotanyi, zarwanaga zifite ibikoresho bike n’umubare muto w’abasirikare, ariko kubera gukunda Igihugu gukoresha bike ukagera kuri byinshi byatumye zigera ku ntego yazo.
Mu gusura iyo Ngoro yubatse mu Karere ka Gicumbi ahari indake y’uwari Umuyobozi w’urugamba rwo kubohora Igihugu, abaturage b’Umurenge wa Nyamiyaga, bahavuye biyemeje nabo kugira icyo bishakamo nk’igisubizo cyo kwikemurira bimwe mu bibazo bibangamiye imibereho myiza.
Ni muri urwo rwego bakusanyije ubushobozi bigurira imodoka yo kubafasha gucunga umutekano, dore ko ngo bajyaga bahura n’ikibazo cy’ubutabazi bwihuse igihe bahohotewe n’abajura, cyangwa habaye ikibazo gisaba ko ubuyobozi bwihutira kugera ku baturage.
Umwe mu bafatanyabikorwa w’Akarere ka Kamonyi, Ntiyamira Jean Bosco, uyobora uruganda rwa kawa rwa Nyamiyaga, avuga ko basuye ingoro y’urugamba rwo kubohora Igihugu, byatumye bafata ingamba z’igihe kirekire cyo kwigira, bateza imbere kawa ariko banagira uruhare mu gufasha abaturage kugera ku byo biyemeje.
Agira ati “Iki ni igihe cyiza cyo kwishimana n’abahinzi bacu n’abandi baturage, tugafata ingamba z’ibyo tuzaganura umwaka utaha. Iyi modoka izadutabara ahaba habaye ibyago, ahabereye urugomo, inzego z’ubuyobozi zizatugeraho mu buryo bwihuse ahabaye ikibazo, impanuka n’ibindi bibazo”.
Mukandahiro Rosine avuga ko nawe yagize uruhare mu kugura iyo modoka kuko yatanze ibihumbi bitanu (5000frw), akavuga ko izabafasha kugeza amata ku bana mu marerero, kandi ko yifuza ko yabafasha guhashya ibisambo kuko byajyaga bigora gufata umunyamakosa no kumugeza ku nzego z’umutekano.
Agira ati “Buri muturage azatunga nomero ya telefone yahamagaraho iyo modoka ku buryo habaye ikibazo bahita bahamagara, kugeza abarwayi kwa muganga, ntikaboneke mu bikorwa bidafitiye akamaro umuturage”.
Umuyobozi w’Akarere ka Kamonyi, Dr. Nahayo Sylvere, avuga ko icyerekezo cy’abaturage n’ubuyobozi mu kugura iyo modoka, ari ukujya ibafasha mu bikorwa bitandukanye kandi imicungire yayo izagenda neza.
Agira ati “Iyi modoka izacungwa neza kuko umurenge ufite uko ukora, kuyigura byabanje gutekerezwaho ntabwo tuzagira ikindi dusaba abaturage, kuko byose birateguye nta kibazo. Kuba umurenge w’igice cy’icyaro ubasha kwigurira imodoka, bigaragaza imyumvire no gutekereza ku buryo bizaganirwa n’ahandi bakazigura”.
Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w’umurenge wa Nyamiyaga, Mudahemuka Jean Damascène, avuga ko abaturage bifitemo ubushobozi kandi ko kubaha umwanya bakabugaragaza ari byo bituma barushaho kugira uruhare mu bibakorerwa, urugero rukaba ari uko bose bitabiriye gutanga umusanzu wo kugura imodoka y’irondo n’isuku.
Agira ati “Iyi modoka izadufasha kugenzura no gusura irondo kenshi, bitume turwanya ubujura kugera ku buryo umuturage yumva ko atekanye koko, gukumira abajura n’uwibye afatwe, kandi bizatuma abaturage barushaho kwegerana n’ubuyobozi”.
Avuga ko igihe hari imiyoborere myiza abaturage bakwiye kuba bafashwa kwivumburira umuti w’ibibazo, aho kubona umuyobozi bakiruka, ahubwo bakajya bifuza guhorana n’umuyobozi kugira ngo bafatanye kwiteza imbere muri gahunda bagiye kubaka yitwa ‘Ntungaye ndashoboye’, kuko buri wese akeneweho ibisuzo.


text:
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Nyaruguru: Plan Rwanda yagobotse imiryango 65 yasizwe iheruheru n’imvura
Umuryango mpuzamahanga wita ku burenganzira bw’umwana (Plan International Rwanda) watanze inkunga y’amabati 2400, ku miryango 65 ituye mu karere ka Nyaruguru, mu Ntara y’Amajyepfo, nyuma yo gusenyerwa n’imvura ivanze n’umuyaga yaguye mu mpera z’umwaka ushize wa 2015.
Iyi mvura yaguye mu mezi ya Ukwakira, Ugushyingo na Ukuboza yasenye amazu 65 n’ibyumba by’amashuri bitatu byo mu mirenge umunani yo mu Karere ka Nyaruguru, ku buryo ubuyobozi ku nzego z’ibanze bwahise bufata icyemezo cyo kuba bucumbikiye mu mashuri abasenyewe.
Umukozi uhagarariye Plan International Rwanda mu Karere ka Nyaruguru, Jacques Bakundukize, yavuze ko bafashe icyemezo cyo gutanga inkunga kuri iyi miryango, ndetse no gusana amashuri, kuko intego yabo ari ukwita ku burenganzira bw’umwana kandi kubwitaho harimo kumushakira aho kuba heza, ndetse n’amamashuri yigiramo.
Yagize ati “Ibiza nk’ibi usanga bigira ingaruka cyane ku bana n’abagore, niyo mpamvu twafashe iya mbere mu kwitabira kubafasha, kuko niba umwana aba hanze cyangwa amashuri yigiramo yarasenyutse, bwa burenganzira ntibugerwaho, (…) turi gufatanya n’akarere kubashakira aho kuba kuko umuntu ntabwo yakwiteza imbere adafite aho aba”.
Bamwe mubahawe amabati yo gusana inzu zabo zangirijwe n’ibiza bishimiye ubufasha bahawe bagaragaza ko aho bari bacumbitse mu byumba by’amashuri ubuzima butari buboroheye
Theresie Mukamana utuye mu murenge wa Ngera ati “Aho ducumbitse (mu ishuri) imibereho imeze nabi, kuko imvura ntacyo yadusigiye, urumva ko dutejera hanze, kuko ntitwacana mu ishuri, (…) nishimiye uburyo ubuyobozi bwiza butuzanira abaterankunga bakaza kudufasha mu bibazo nk’ibi”.
Simon Ndayiragije,Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w’Umurenge wa Ngera (hamwe muho ibiza byageze), yasabye abahawe inkunga kujya bashyiraho akabo baharanira kwigira, ariko abizeza ko ubuyobozi buzakomeza kubaba hafi bubagira inama mu buryo butandukanye.
Ku kibazo bamwe mu bahawe amabati bagaragaje ko nta bushobozi bwo kwisakarira bafite, ubuyobozi bwabijeje ko abatishoboye bazabikorerwa, ndetse n’inzu bizagaragara ko igomba gusubirwamo ikubakwa bundi bushya ubuyobozi buzabikora kuko ubushobozi buhari.
Kuba hari abacumbitse mu mashuri kandi abanyeshuri benda gutangira kwiga, ubuyobozi bw’umurenge wa Ngera (hamwe muho bacumbitse) butangaza ko abazaba batarubakirwa bazaba bakodesherejwe amazu yo guturamo.
Iyi miryango 65 yasenyewe n’ibiza igaragaramo abana bagera ku 180.
Prudence Kwizera, IGIHE Ltd
amabati1.jpgUmwe mu basenyewe n'ibiza ahabwa amabati /photo Prudence Kwizera


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Ibiciro byacu birashobora guhinduka bitewe nibitangwa nibindi bintu byamasoko.Tuzoherereza urutonde rwibiciro bishya nyuma yuko sosiyete yawe itwandikire kugirango umenye amakuru.
Nibyo, dukeneye amabwiriza mpuzamahanga yose kugirango tugire umubare ntarengwa wateganijwe.Niba ushaka kugurisha ariko mubwinshi buto, turagusaba kugenzura kurubuga rwacu
Nibyo, turashobora gutanga ibyangombwa byinshi harimo na Certificat of Analysis / Conformance;Ubwishingizi;Inkomoko, nizindi nyandiko zohereza hanze aho bikenewe.
Kubitegererezo, igihe cyo kuyobora ni iminsi 7.Kubyara umusaruro mwinshi, igihe cyambere ni iminsi 20-30 nyuma yo kwishyura ubwishyu.Ibihe byo kuyobora bitangira gukurikizwa mugihe (1) twakiriye kubitsa, kandi (2) dufite ibyemezo byanyuma kubicuruzwa byawe.Niba ibihe byacu byo kuyobora bidakorana nigihe ntarengwa, nyamuneka ujye hejuru yibyo wagurishije.Mubibazo byose tuzagerageza guhuza ibyo ukeneye.Mubihe byinshi turashobora kubikora.
Urashobora kwishyura kuri konte yacu ya banki, Western Union cyangwa PayPal:
30% kubitsa mbere, 70% asigaye kuri kopi ya B / L.
Twemeza ibikoresho byacu hamwe nakazi kacu.Ibyo twiyemeje nukunyurwa nibicuruzwa byacu.Muri garanti cyangwa ntayindi, ni umuco wikigo cyacu gukemura no gukemura ibibazo byose byabakiriya kugirango buri wese abishime
Nibyo, burigihe dukoresha ibicuruzwa byiza byoherezwa hanze.Dukoresha kandi ibikoresho byihariye byo gupakira kubintu biteje akaga hamwe no kohereza ibicuruzwa bikonje bikonje kubintu byoroshye ubushyuhe.Impuguke zipfunyika hamwe nibisanzwe bipakira birashobora kwishyurwa amafaranga yinyongera.
Igiciro cyo kohereza giterwa nuburyo uhitamo kubona ibicuruzwa.Express mubisanzwe nuburyo bwihuse ariko kandi nuburyo buhenze cyane.Kurwanira mu nyanja nigisubizo cyiza kubwinshi.Igipimo cyubwikorezi rwose turashobora kuguha gusa niba tuzi amakuru arambuye, uburemere n'inzira.Nyamuneka twandikire kugirango ubone ibisobanuro birambuye.


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Zimwe mu nshingano za Kiliziya Gatolika
Ministiri Tharcisse Karugarama aherutse kuruta aravuga ngo mbere ya 94, ni Abapadiri bayoboraga u Rwanda. Nagiragango mwibutse ko mu nshingano za Kiliziya gatolika mu Rwanda no ku isi hose hatarimo iyo kuyobora ibihugu. Ahubwo harimo :
1° Gukora ibishoboka byose kugirango ibashe gukomeza ubutumwa bwayo no mu bihugu bifite leta ziyitoteza. Urugero namuha ni umurongo witwaga “Ostpolitik” yakurikizaga mu bihugu byagengwaga n’amatwara ya gikomunisti kugera mu myaka y’1990.
2° Kwita ku majyambere n’imibereho myiza y’abaturage kuko umuntu atagizwe na Roho gusa. Ni muri urwo rwego Kiliziya ifasha abakene itagamije ubutegetsi, ahubwo ari ugushyira mu bikorwa itegeko ribumbye ayandi yose : itegeko ry’urukundo.
Inama nkuru ya Kiliziya yabereye i Vatikani ubwa 2 ibivuga muri aya magambo y’igifaransa : ʺEtroite solidarité de l’Eglise avec l’ensemble de la famille humaine. Les joies et les espoirs, les tristesses et les angoisses des hommes de ce temps, des pauvres surtout et de tous ceux qui souffrent, sont aussi les joies et les espoirs, les tristesses et les angoisses des disciples du Christ, et il n’est rien de vraiment humain qui ne trouve écho dans leur coeurʺ. (Conc. Vatican II, Constitution pastorale Gaudium et Spes sur l’Église dans le monde de ce temps, n° 1).
3° Kwamagana akarengane kugirango abantu baremwe mu ishusho ry’Imana bashobore kubaho nk’abana b’Imana nyine. Interuro y’isengesho rikuru ry’ukaristiya mu misa y’itangwa ry’ubusaseridoti isobanura iyo nshingano y’abapadiri n’Abihayimana muri rusnge igira iti “Bene abo ni bo basabwe mbere y’abandi guhara amagara yabo kubera wowe no kugirango abavandimwe babo babone umukiro utanga”.
Kubwira umuntu utunzwe no kurenganya abandi ngo ʺnasigehoʺ biramurakaza cyane ; aho gukurikiza inama umugiriye, agahitamo kuvuga ko ushaka kumusimbura mu mwanya we. Ahari ni ibyo ministiri Karugarama yashakaga kuvuga : ʺMbere ya 94 u Rwanda rwayoborwaga n’Abapadiri, FPR yashakaga ubutegetsi, kugirango ibugereho yagombaga kubica reroʺ.
Bihayimana, muramenye, mwatanzwe, Leta y’u Rwanda yabavanyeho amaboko. Uko Yezu yabivuze ati ʺndetse n’igihe kirageze maze uzabica wese azibwire ko yubashye Imanaʺ (Yh 16,2).
2.Nta bapadiri bigeze bayobora u Rwanda
N’ubu se tuvuge ko ari Abihayimana bayobora u Rwanda kubera ko bamwe muri bo bari muri za komisiyo zimwe na zimwe (nk’iy’ubumwe n’ubwiyunge), abandi bakaba bafite imirimo bahemberwa kuri iyi ngoma ya FPR, irimo ndetse kuneka no kumerera nabi bagenzi babo imbere mu gihugu no mu mahanga ?
Tuvuge se ko Kiliziya ari yo yayoboraga ingabo z’igihugu kubera ko kuva zashingwa mu w’1960 kugeza mu w’1994 zari zifite ba Omoniye ? Ariko ndahamya ko batari abagatolika gusa, harimo n’abo mu yandi madini.
Bwana Karugarama, niba ushaka kumenya ko atari abapadiri bayoboraga u Rwanda ku ngoma ya perezida Yuvenali Habyarimana (1973-1994), uzasome ikinyamakuru Dialogue n° 200 Septembre-Octobre 1997. Iyo nimero yitwa “Dossier : information et désinformation” (itangazamakuru n’itangazabinyoma). Ni ukuyisoma yose uhereye ku ijambo ry’ibanze (éditorial) rya Charles Ntampaka, ugakurikizaho inyandiko y’umugabo w’i Byumba yitwa ʺQuand les dirigeants participent à la désinformationʺ, ugakomereza ku ya padiri Vénuste Linguyeneza yitwa ʺLa désinformation : le cas de l’Eglise catholiqueʺ, ukarangiriza ku ya Alexandre Vatimbella, yitwa ʺLe cas de Wenceslas Munyeshyaka et la presse françaiseʺ. Ntabwo ari birebire cyane, uzarangiza kubisoma wamaze gusubiza ubwenge ku gihe no kwumva neza ko abapadiri batigeze bayobora u Rwanda.
Ahari waba warabeshywe n’uko Musenyeri Vincent Nsengiyumva, Arkiyepiskopi wa Kigali yigeze kuba muri komite nyobozi ya MRND. Ibyo ntibakagushuke, burya inshuti ya mbere ya perezida Yuvenali Habyarimana yari Musenyeri Aloys Bigirumwami (Musemakweli J.D, Perezida Yuvenali Habyarimana ntiyigeze yanga Abatutsi, in HYPERLINK « http://www.leprophete.fr/ » http://www.leprophete.fr, le 23/06/2011). Ariko ntiwakwihanukira ngo uvuge ko Musenyeri Bigirumwami yayoboraga u Rwanda !
Dore ahubwo ikintu wari ukwiye kwumva neza. Intego nyamukuru y’ingoma ya Habyarimana yari amajyambere mu cyaro, mu migi, mu ngeri zose (uburezi, ubuvuzi, umuco, imibereho myiza ….) Ntiyari ayobewe ko amadini n’indi miryango itabogamiye kuri leta yashoboraga kumufasha kugeza ayo majyambere mu Rwanda hose. Ngaho aho ubufatanye bwaturutse, kandi ntibwarebaga Kiliziya gatolika gusa. Hari n’umuyisilamu wororaga ingurube i Musambira muri Gitarama niba nibuka neza, akabibonera inkunga ivuye muri leta ndetse n’imidali y’ishimwe! Naho FPR-Inkotanyi ubereye ministiri yaje ari rujukundi, ivuga ngo byose izabyishoborera kandi Imana ariyo yonyine ishobora byose.
Wavuga se ko ku ngoma ya perezida Grégoire Kayibanda (1961-1973) ari Abapadiri bayoboraga u Rwanda uhereye kuri Musenyeri André Perraudin? Kuva kera kose perezida Kayibanda yari afite icyo bita mu gifaransa “tendance socialiste”. Ni yo mpamvu yumvikanaga cyane na Mualimu Julius Nyerere wategekaga Tanzaniya. Kubera ko “tendance socialiste” yegereye amatwara ya gikomunisti, kandi ubukomunisti n’amadini, cyane n’ukwemera gatolika, bikaba bitajya imbizi, nta kuntu Abapadiri bashoboraga kuba ari bo bayobora u Rwanda ku ngoma ya Nyakubahwa perezida Grégoire Kayibanda.
Niba utabyemeye kubera ko ari njye ubivuze, nibura ubyemerere ko byavuzwe mbere na Bwana Justin Kalibwami. Dore uko yabyanditse mu rurimi rw’igifaransa : “Non, les leaders hutu n’étaient pas des personnages si influençables. Leurs rapports avec le monde missionnaire (notamment en matière scolaire) ou avec l’administration belge ne furent du reste pas faciles, même lorsque ceux-ci se montrèrent favorables à la cause pour laquelle ils luttaientʺ. (Kalibwami J., Le catholicisme et la société rwandaise 1900-1962, Ed. Présence Africaine, Paris, 1991, pp.386-387). Niba bivuzwe n’umuntu nka Justin Kalibwami wari umupadiri w’Umututsi ariko utari ushyigikiye ingoma ya gihake na gikolonize n’ubugome bwayo, sinzi impamvu utabyemera ugakomeza kubeshya ngo mbere ya 94 u Rwanda rwari ruyobowe n’Abapadiri.
Reka tugere ku ngoma y’umwami Rudahigwa (1931-1959). Umwiru mukuru wo kuri iyi ngoma yari padiri Alegisi Kagame. Ni we wenyine wari uzi ubwiru bwose. Ariko se wakwihanukira ukavuga ngo padiri Alegisi Kagame yategekaga u Rwanda ? Kireka wasaze. Hari n’abandi bapadiri nka Yohani Kagiraneza, Dewogaratsiyasi Mbandiwimfura, Alexandre Ruterandongozi, Stanislas Bushayija, (ahari na Boniface Musoni) bari mu nama nkuru y’igihugu (byarutaga kuba muri komite nyobozi ya MRND) kandi bose bakaba bari Abatutsi. Twakongeraho na Musenyeri Aloys Bigirumwami nawe wisangaga ibwami. Ariko si bo bayoboraga igihugu. Igihugu cyayoborwaga n’umwami yungirijwe na Misheli Kayihura (wari visipererezida w’inama nkuru y’igihugu) n’abandi Batutsi b’intagondwa nka Pierre Mungarulire, Alexandre Kayumba n’abandi bayobeje umwami Ndahindurwa, bagatuma ibintu bidogera mu w’1959.
Ikindi kimenyetso kikwereka ko atari abo bapadiri bayoboraga u Rwanda ni uko ab’ingenzi muri bo, ari bo Musenyeri Aloys Bigirumwami, padiri Alexis Kagame, padiri Stanislas Bushayija ntako batagize ngo ingoma ya cyami yumve ibyifuzo by’abarwanashyaka b’Abahutu kandi ibyiteho ; ariko za ntagondwa zari zikikije umwami zikanangira. None se ubwo uzongera ubeshye Abanyarwanda ngo mbere ya 94 u Rwanda rwayoborwaga n’Abapadiri ?
Nitugera ku ngoma ya Musinga (1896-1931), uraza kuvuga ngo ni Abapadiri bayoboraga u Rwanda kubera ko ngo ʺMusenyeri Classe yakuyeho umwami Musingaʺ. Musinga ntabwo yavanyweho na Musenyeri Classe, yavanyweho na leta y’Ababirigi ibisabwe na guverineri Voisin wari uyihagarariye muri Rwanda-Urundi, uretse ko Musenyeri Classe yari abyishimiye kandi abishyigikiye. Ababiligi bari barashatse gukuraho Musinga ubwa mbere le 25/03/1917 hashize amezi make bageze mu Rwanda. Baje kumukuraho mu w’1931 nk’uko mbere ye Abongereza bari barakuyeho Mwanga Kabaka w’i Bugande mu w’1899, bakamucira mu birwa bya Seychelles, aho yaje gupfira mu w’1903. Nk’uko abafaransa bari baravanyeho umwamikazi Ranavola wa 3 muri Madagascar mu w’1897, bakamucira Alger muri Algeriya, aho yaje gupfira mu w’1917. Nk’uko Abadage bari barakuyeho Mwezi wa 2 Gisabo i Burundi mu w’1903, akaza gupfira ishyanga mu w’1908 ashaje cyane (F. Rudakemwa, L’évangélisation du Rwanda, 1900-1959, Ed. L’Harmattan, Paris, 2005, pp.204-205)
None se aho hose ni abapadiri bategekaga ? Twibutse kandi ko kimwe mu byo ivanwaho rya Musinga ryari rigamije kwari ukugirango ubufatanye hagati y’Abatutsi bari ku ngoma n’Abazungu bukomere, busugire, busagambe, maze Abahutu bahabonere akaga. Kuvanaho Musinga ntibivuga ko Abazungu bari banze Abatutsi. Ntabwo Abapadiri bigeze bategeka u Rwanda rero kubera ko na padiri Alphonse Brard (Terebura), uyu washinze paruwasi ya Save mu w’1900 yavuye mu Rwanda mu w’1905 yirukanwe mu by’ukuri n’abamukuriye, ariko nabo babisabwe n’umwami Musinga. Biragaragara rero ko Abapadiri batigeze bategeka u Rwanda.
Umwanzuro
Niba amateka asigaye yigishwa mu Rwanda ari nka biriya ministiri Karugarama yavuze, ntaho tujya. Ingengabitekerezo, amarangamutima, icengezamatwara, ibinyoma si byo bikwiye gusimbura amateka nyakuri. Karugarama akwiye kwemera ko yibeshye, akavuga ko avanyeho ibyo yavuze (retirer sa parole) kandi agasaba imbabazi abo yabeshye n’abo yabeshyeye. Niba atabikoze, cya kibazo cya padiri Théophile Murengerantwari ngo “ HYPERLINK « http://www.leprophete.fr/2011/10/17/byaturutse-kuki-kugira-ngo-repubulika-y-u-rwanda-ihore-yibaruka-ibihone-muri-politiki-murengerantwari-th%C3%A9ophile/ » l « permalink » o « Lien permanent vers Byaturutse kuki kugira ngo repubulika y’u Rwanda ihore yibaruka « Ibihone »muri politiki?Murengerantwari Théophile. » Byaturutse kuki kugira ngo repubulika y’u Rwanda ihore yibaruka « Ibihone »….?ˮ kizaba gifite ishingiro.
Tugire amahoro,
Padiri Fortunatus Rudakemwa


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Ese urimo kureba ingano y’ibiguhangayikishije ntubone ingano y’Umukiza wawe? Ndashaka kugushyira mu cyerekezo gishobora kugufasha gushira ubwoba. Ndashaka ko utangira gutumbira Yesu ukamuhanga amaso.
Yesu mu buzima bwe hano ku isi yarasekaga ndetse yarariraga. Ibuka ijoro Yesu yavuye mu murwa akerekeza ku musozi ajyanye n’abigishwa be. Bahageze, yarababwiye ati “Musenge mutagwa mu moshya”.
Hanyuma Yesu yarapfukamye arasenga ati “Data niba bishoboka, iki gikombe cy’umubabaro kindenge. Ariko byose bibe uko ushaka ntibibe uko nshaka”.Uwo mwanya malayika yavuye mu ijuru amuha imbaraga. Mugihe yari yuzuye umubabaro, Yesu yasenganye umwete kuburyo yabize ibyuya bivanze n’amaraso (Luka 22:39-44).
Ese urugero rwa Yesu rutwigisha iki? Biroroshye. Jya umwigiraho mu gihe uhuye n’ibikkomeye. Jya urusoma mu gihe ufite ubwoba. Mubyukuri ubwoba umuntu ashobora kuvuga ko ari kimwe mu marangamutima aza ku mwanya wa mbere kandi na Yesu yarabugize asaba Se ko yamurenza igikombe cy’umubabaro (Luka 22:42).
Mbese ni iki cyagutera gusenga isengesho nk’irya Yesu? Guhura n’icyorerezo, gusohorwa mu nzu? Kuba mu bitaro? Inkomoko y’ubwoba bwawe ishobora kugaragara nk’idafatika ku bandi, ariko pfukama usengane umwete nk’uko Yesu yabigenje.
“Data niba bishoboka iki gikombe cy’umubabaro kindenge”. Uwa mbere wo kumva ubwoba bwe ni Se. Yashoboraga kuba yaragiye kwa nyina. Yashoboraga kwiringira abigishwa be.Yashoboraga kujya gusengana n’abandi. Ariko icyo yakoze bwa mbere yagiye kwa Se.
Biratangaje! Iyo duhuye n’ibiteye ubwoba ni hehe tujya? Bwa mbere muri bare, ku mujyananama, gusoma igitabo kigufasha cyangwa ku nshuti yawe.Yesu si ko yabikoze. Uwa mbere wo kumva umubabaro we yari Se wo mu ijuru.
Mu gihe uhuye n’akaga kora nk’uko Yesu yabigenzaga. Ntugire ubwoba bwo gusenga nk’uko Yesu yagiye mu gashyamba Getsemane. Suka amarira yawe imbere y’Imana uyisabe kuguha imabaraga zo guhangana n’ibihe bigoye uri kunyuramo. Fungura umutima wawe ubwize Data ukuri, mubwire ibijyanye n’uburwayi bwawe, mubwire ibijyanye n’akazi. Data afite igihe gihagije cyo kumva kandi afite impuhwe zisaga. Ntatekereza ko ubwoba bwawe ari ubugoryi. Ntazigera akubwira ngo “ceceka” ari kumwe nawe. Azi uko umeze.
Data wo mu ijuru azi ibyo dukeneye. Ni yo mpamvu ugomba kwatura isengesho ryawe nk’uko Yesu yabikoze. Imana ntiyakuyeho umusaraba, ahubwo yakuyeho ubwoba kuri Yesu. Imana ntibuza umuraba kubaho, ahubwo irawucyaha.
Abafilipi 4:6 hatwibutsa “Ntimukagire icyo mwiganyira, ahubwo ibyo mushaka byose bimenywe n’Imana mubisabiye, mubyingingiye, mushima”.Ntugapime ingano y’umusozi, bwira ubasha kuwukuraho. Aho kwikorera isi ku mugongo wawe, bwira ufite isi mu biganza bye. Ibyiringiro birahari. Ushobora kuba utewe ubwoba n’ibikomeye wanyuzemo mugihe cyashize, ariko uyu munsi, ubwoba bwawe buzanire Imana. Iki ni cyo gihe cyawe.
Source: www.christiantoday.com
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Abakorerabushake mu kwigisha gusoma no kwandika bahawe amagare
Abakorerabushake b’umushinga Uburezi Iwacu 363 mu Mujyi wa Kigali n’Intara y’Iburasirazuba ni bo bagenewe amagare azaborohereza ingendo mu gukurikirana amarerero y’abana ndetse n’ahandi hantu hari amasomero yagenewe abantu bakuru kugira ngo babashishikarize gusoma.
Buri tariki 08 Nzeri, hizihizwa umunsi mpuzamahanga wo gusoma no kwandika. Mu Ntara y’Iburasirazuba wizihirijwe mu Turere twa Nyagatare na Kirehe, ahatanzwe amagare ku bakorerabushake b’umushinga USAID Uburezi Iwacu bahagarariye Utugari 168.
Umuyobozi w’umushinga USAID Uburezi Iwacu mu Mujyi wa Kigali n’Intara y’Iburasirazuba, Iranyumva Fred, avuga ko iki gikorwa cyo gutanga amagare ari uburyo bwo kuborohereza ingendo basura amarerero y’abana guhera ku myaka itatu kugera ku icyenda.
Ariko nanone ngo ntibazibanda ku bana gusa, ahubwo bazasura abantu bakuze na bo babashishikarize kugira umuco wo gusoma no kubikundisha abandi.
Ati “Uretse abana, bazajya banasura amatsinda y’ababyeyi kuko na bo bashishikarizwa gusoma no gufasha bagenzi babo gusoma. Aba bantu tukaba twizera ko ubwo babonye inyoroshyangendo bazagera kuri benshi n’umusaruro ukaba mwinshi.”
Umuyobozi w’Akarere ka Nyagatare wungirije ushinzwe imibereho myiza, Murekatete Juliet avuga ko aya magare azafasha aba bakorerabushake kugera kuri buri mwana ku buryo abari batarajya mu marerero na bo bazaboneka ku buryo nta mwana uzasigara atazi gusoma no kwandika.
Ikindi ni uko ngo kwigisha umwana ukiri muto bizafasha mu kuzamura ireme ry’uburezi kuko ubwonko bwe bwakanguwe kera.
Agira ati “Uko twita ku bana bato tubona ko ireme ry’uburezi rizakomeza kuzamuka kuko twahereye umwana hasi, umwana akwiye kwitabwaho akiri muto kugira ngo dukangure ubwonko bwe azajye kwiga amashuri abanza n’ayisumbuye afite nibura intangiriro nziza.”
Muyoboke Jean Aimé wo mu Kagari ka Kigarama Umurenge wa Katabagemu avuga ko kuba ahawe igare bizamufasha kugera ahari amarerero y’abana ndetse n’amatsinda y’abakuze kuko ubundi byamugoraga kubera ubunini bw’Akagari akoreramo.
Ati “Nafashaga umuryango nyarwanda kwandika neza no gusoma ikinyarwanda ariko kugera ku masomero cyangwa ahandi hazajya habera igikorwa cyo gusomesha neza abana Ikinyarwanda, rero byangoraga kuhagera igihe naniwe.”
Mu Karere ka Nyagatare amagare yahawe abakorerabushake b’Umushinga USAID Uburezi Iwacu ni 108 naho mu Karere ka Kirehe ahabwa 60 utundi Turere tw’Umujyi wa Kigali n’utwo mu Ntara y’Iburasirazuba tukazayahabwa nyuma ariko azatangwa muri rusange akaba ari 363 rimwe rikaba rifite agaciro k’amafaranga y’u Rwanda 170,000.
Ibitekerezo ( 1 )
Twe bo mu karere ka kirehe/Mpanga ko iyo gahunda ko tutayizi bimeze bite?


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Bamwe mu batuye umurenge wa Rongi mu karere ka Muhanga baravuga ko bakeneye ubuvugizi bakabona aho abana babo biga imyuga kuko kugeza ubu nta shuri na rimwe ry’imyuga riragera muri uyu murenge, kuburyo abana babo bagikora urugendo bajya kwiga imyug mu yindi mirenge.
Umurengewe Rongi tuwe n’abaturage 32162. Abaturage baganiriye n’umunyamakuru ni abo mu kagali ka Gasharu umurenge wa Rongi. Barumvikana bavuga ko bakeneye ubuvugizi ngo bahabwe ishuri ry’imyuga kuko iriri mu urenge wa Kiyumba ritashubije ikibazo cy’abashaka kwiga imyuga bakifuza ko mu murenge wa Rongi hashyirwa TVET urubyirugo rugatozwa imyuga n’agace ka Ndiza kagatera imbere.
Ni mu gihe umuyobozi w’akarere ka Muhanga wumgirije ushinzwe iterambere ry’ubukungu, Bizimana Eric, avuga ko iki ari ikibazo kizatekirezwaho mu kwiga ingigo y’imari kuko gushyira ishuri ry’imyuga muri kariya gace byatuma urubyiruko rugira imirimo ruhugiraho bikarurinda n’ibishuko byo kwishora mu ngeso mbi zirimo n’ibiyobyabwenge.
Intego ya Leta yihaye y’uburezi bushingiye ku myuga, tekiniki n’ubumenyingiro, ni uko mu mwaka wa 2024, byibuze abagera kuri 60% by’abanyeshuri biga mu mashuri yisumbuye bazaba biga mu y’imyuga, ni mu gihe kuri ubu umubare w’abiga muri ayo mashuri ari 31%.
Minisitiri w’Intebe, Dr. Edouard Ngirente, akaba aherutse kugaragaza mu kwa munani k’uyu mwaka, ko Geverinoma ifite intego yo kubaka byibuze ishuri rimwe muri buri murenge, nk’uko bikubiye muri gahunda yayo yo kwihutisha iterambere rirambye (NST1).
Inkuru mushobora kuyumva hano
Jean Pierre Ndekezi mu mkarere ka Ngororero


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TANZANIA: Kubera Ibyaha Byinshi Bikorerwa mu Tubyiniro two mu mujyi wa Dar Salaam, Bategetse abavugabutumwa kujya babwirizamo
John MAKONDE umuyobozi w’umujyi w’umujyi wa Dar Salaam yategetse ko mu tubyiniro dutandukanye two muri uwo mujyi abavugabutumwa bagomba kujya bahabwiriza ijambo ry’Imana.
Umwe mu myanzuro yavuye mu nama y’Abayobozi b’umujyi wa Dar Salaam muri TANZANIYA yabaye mu gitondo cyo kuri uyu wa mbere, ni uko ababwiriza butumwa n’abapasitori batandukanye bagomba kuzajya babwiriza mu tubyiniro two muri uwo mujyi mu rwego rwo kugabanya ibyaha bikorerwa muri utwo tubyiniro.
Bwana MAKONDE JOHN yavuze kandi ko uwo mwanzuro atari uwo kujururirirwa. Yakomeje avuga ko ugeze muri tumwe mu tubyiniro two muri uwo mujyi usanga hakorerwamo ibyaha byinshi ku buryo Abatuye uwo mujyi bameze nk’abobagiwe ko Imana ibaho, bityo ko abavugabutumwa babikeneye bagomba kujya bahabwa umwanya wo kubwiriza muri utwo tubyiniro byibuze iminota mirongo itatu kandi ko nta muntu n’umwe nyir’akabyiniro yemerewe kuba yakwangira umuvugabutumwa gukora ako kazi.
Utubyiniro two muri Da Salaam dukorerwamo amabi menshi.
Uwo mwanzuro ugishyirwa hanze ntiwavuzweho rumwe, benshi bavuze ko bitazashoboka kuko utazahatira abantu kumva ijambo ry’Imana. Bwana Masud NGUYO umwe mu bantu bafite akabyiniro muri Dar Salaam yavuze ko bitazashoboka, kubwe kugira ngo umupasitori aze abwirize mu kabyiniro ke azajya atanga amafranga nkuko ayatanga ku ma radiyo naza Tereviziyo. Umukobwa witwa MWAJUMA we yabwiye EAST AFRICAN TV ko uko ari ukubangamira uburenganzira bwa muntu.
Bwana JOHN MAKONDE yavuze ko icyo ari icyemezo atari ubusabe kandi ko utazubahiriza ayo mabwirizwa azahanwa harimo no kuba yafungirwa bisinesi ye.


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Mu gice cya mbere cy’iyi nyandiko (KANDA HANO UYISOME) twagaragaje ko kugira ngo umuntu agere ku…
Category: UBUZIMA
UBUZIMA
Amabanga y’ingenzi yagufasha kugera ku ntego zawe mu buzima (Igice cya mbere)
Mu buzima umuntu yifuza kugera ku bintu byinshi, ariko kenshi siko byose bimukundira, gusa na none…
Akamaro ko kunywa amazi ku buzima bwacu
Mu nyandiko twasohoye mbere (KANDA HANO UYISOME) twagaragaje ko kunywa amazi biri mu mabanga akomeye yagufasha…
Ingamba zagufasha kugira ubuzima bwiza
Ubuzima bwiza ni ingenzi mu mibereho ya muntu, ni byiza kububungabunga nk’uko Abanyarwanda babivuga ngo “amagara…


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>> Le Temps Pascal
- LA PAROISSE DE GITUZA TEMOIGNE DES FRUITS DU PROJET MIKAN
- Inyigisho ya 1 yo ku munsi w'Isakaramentu Ritagatifu, icyumweru cya 35 Gisanzwe, C
- Inyigisho ya 1 yo kuri Asensiyo, icyumweru cya 7 cya Pasika, C
- Inyigisho ya 1 yo ku cyumweru, icyumweru cya 6 cya Pasika, C
- Inyigisho ya 1 yo ku cyumweru, icyumweru cya 5 cya Pasika, C
- Inyigisho ya 1 yo ku cyumweru, icyumweru cya 4 cya Pasika, C
- Inyigisho ya 1 yo ku cyumweru, icyumweru cya 3 cya Pasika, C
- Inyigisho ya 1 yo ku cyumweru, icyumweru cya 3 cya Pasika, C
- Inyigisho ya 1 yo ku cyumweru, icyumweru cya 2 cya Pasika, C
- Inyigisho ya 1 yo kuri Pasika, icyumweru cya 35 cya Pasika, ABC
- Inyigisho ya 1 yo kuri Mashami, icyumweru cya 35 cy'Igisibo, C
- Inyigisho ya 1 yo ku cyumweru, icyumweru cya 5 cy'Igisibo, C
- Inyigisho ya 1 yo ku cyumweru, icyumweru cya 4 cy'Igisibo, C
- Inyigisho ya 1 yo ku cyumweru, icyumweru cya 3 cy'Igisibo, C
- Inyigisho ya 1 yo ku cyumweru, icyumweru cya 2 cy'Igisibo, C
- Inyigisho ya 1 yo ku cyumweru, icyumweru cya 1 cy'Igisibo, C
- Inyigisho ya 1 yo ku cyumweru, icyumweru cya 8 Gisanzwe, C
- Inyigisho ya 1 yo ku cyumweru, icyumweru cya 7 Gisanzwe, C
- Inyigisho ya 1 yo ku cyumweru, icyumweru cya 6 Gisanzwe, C
- Inyigisho ya 3 yo ku cyumweru, icyumweru cya 5 Gisanzwe, C
- Inyigisho ya 2 yo ku cyumweru, icyumweru cya 5 Gisanzwe, C
- Inyigisho ya 2 yo ku cyumweru, icyumweru cya 4 Gisanzwe, C
- Inyigisho ya 2 yo ku cyumweru, icyumweru cya 3 Gisanzwe, C
- Inyigisho ya 2 yo ku cyumweru, icyumweru cya 2 Gisanzwe, C
- Inyigisho ya 1 yo kuwa Batisimu ya Nyagasani, icyumweru cya 35 cya Noheli, C
- Inyigisho ya 1 yo ku munsi Mukuru w'Urugo Rutagatifu, icyumweru cya 1 cya Noheli, C
- Inyigisho ya 1 yo kuwa 25 Ukuboza ku manywa ABC
- Inyigisho ya 1 yo ku cyumweru, icyumweru cya 4 cy'Adiventi, C
- Inyigisho ya 1 yo ku cyumweru, icyumweru cya 3 cy'Adiventi, C
- Inyigisho ya 1 yo ku cyumweru, icyumweru cya 2 cy'Adiventi, C
- Inyigisho ya 1 yo ku cyumweru, icyumweru cya 1 cy'Adiventi, C
- Inyigisho ya 1 yo kuwa Kristu Umwami, icyumweru cya 35 Gisanzwe, B
- IBARUWA YA GISHUMBA ITANGIZA UMWAKA W'IKENURABUSHYO 2018-2019
- IBARUWA YA GISHUMBA ITANGIZA UMWAKA W'IKENURABUSHYO 2018-2019
- Inyigisho ya 1 yo ku cyumweru, icyumweru cya 33 Gisanzwe, B
- Inyigisho ya 2 yo ku cyumweru, icyumweru cya 32 Gisanzwe, B
- Inyigisho ya 1 yo ku munsi w'Abatagatifu bose, icyumweru cya 35 Gisanzwe, ABC
- Inyigisho ya 1 yo ku cyumweru, icyumweru cya 30 Gisanzwe, B
- Inyigisho ya 2 yo ku cyumweru, icyumweru cya 29 Gisanzwe, B
- JOURNEE CARITAS
- Fin de la retraite des prêtres 2018
- Début de la Retraite annuelle des prêtres 2018
- Inyigisho ya 1 yo kuwa Mutagatifu Karoli Lwanga, icyumweru cya 10 Gisanzwe, B
- Inyigisho ya 1 yo kuwa 6, icyumweru cya 7 Gisanzwe, imbangikane
- Inyigisho ya 1 yo kuwa 5, icyumweru cya 7 Gisanzwe, imbangikane
- Inyigisho ya 1 yo kuwa 4, icyumweru cya 7 Gisanzwe, imbangikane
- Inyigisho ya 1 yo kuwa 3, icyumweru cya 7 Gisanzwe, imbangikane
- Inyigisho ya 1 yo kuwa 2, icyumweru cya 7 Gisanzwe, imbangikane
- Inyigisho ya 1 yo kuwa 1, icyumweru cya 7 Gisanzwe, B
- Inyigisho ya 1 yo kuri Pentekosti, icyumweru cya 35 cya Pentekositi, B


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Abahimbaza Yubile basubiza amaso inyuma ariko batagamije kuba imbohe z’amateka ababaje. Bicuza ibyo batatunganyije mu gihe cyahise ariko bagambiriye kunoza ibihe barimo no gutegura ejo hazaza harushijeho kuba heza. Muri make, ikibazo nyamukuru dukwiye kwibaza mu gihe hahimbazwa Yubile y’imyaka 100 y’ubusaserdoti , ni iki gikurikira:
I. Kiliziya ikeneye abapadiri bameze bate? Icyo rubanda ibatezeho cyane ni iki muri iki gihe ?
Mu rwego rw’igihugu, Umunsi mukuru wo gusoza Yubile y’imyaka 1oo Abanyarwanda bambere bahawe isakramentu ry’Ubusaserdoti wabereye i Kabgayi kuri uyu wagatandatu taliki ya 7/10/2017. Wabimburiwe n’igitambo cya misa cyakurikiwe n’ibirori byiza, n’ubwo imvura yabaye karogoya bityo zimwe mu ndirimbo n’imbyino bikaburizwamo.
Televiziyo y’u Rwanda(TVR) yagize neza kuduha natwe turi kure amahirwe yo kubikurikirana. Twiboneye uko Abasaserdoti bari bakeye, abakristu twabonaga batewe ishema no kwizihiza abapadiri babo na Yezu Kristu wabatoye.
Hagaragaye abashyitsi banyuranye, ari abaturutse mu bihugu duturanye , ari abo mu nzego z’ubutegetsi ndetse habayeho n’akarusho k’uko umushyitsi mukuru w’ibi birori yabaye bwana Paul Kagame, Perezida w’u Rwanda wacyuye igihe taliki ya 3 Kanama 2017 ariko agakomeza kwihambira ku ntebe y’ubutegetsi ngo kugeza igihe azapfira.
II. Amagambo yahavugiwe akwiye gusesengurwa , ubutumwa yatangaga bukumvikana neza.
Abantu bane nibo bahawe umwanya wo gukora imbwirwaruhame.
1.Habanje Umugabo n’umugore bavuze mu izina ry’umuryango w’abakristu .Bagerageje kwerekana ibibazo bisanzwe bibangamiye umuryango muri iki gihe . Icyakora batinye gukomoza ku bibazo karundura bibangamiye umuryango kandi bituruka ku butegetsi bubi. Birinze rwose kuvuga imiryango yashenywe burundu n’imibare ihanitse y’abo akadobo kumiye ku mutwe bagemurira abahejejwe mu buroko; iyahungabanyijwe n’ukuburirwa irengero kwa hato na hato; igeze ku buce kubera urwikekwe rudasanzwe rwabibwe mu ngo n’imiryango; iyanamye ku gasozi kubera ugusenyerwa amazu na Leta wagira ngo yihaye inshingano yo guhima wabaturage ; iyasuhutse kubera inzara ya Nzaramba yaturutse kuri politiki mbisha yo guhatirwa guhinga igihingwa kimwe, kurandurirwa imyaka no kwamburwa ubutaka; imiryango yarimbutse kubera irondakoko n’ivangura byahawe intebe… Mbese birinze GUHANURA !
2. Hakurikiyeho Padiri Ntivuguruzwa Baltazar wavuze mu izina ry’abandi bapadiri bahimbaza Yubile ! Yabivuze neza nta buryarya ati : « Mvuge iki mu izina ry’abasaserdoti bagenzi banjye ko numva umukoro urenze ubushobozi ?! »
Mu ijambo rye yirinze rwose kugira icyo avuga ku bibazo nyakuri bibangamiye « umupadiri w’umunyarwanda » muri iki gihe, bya bindi koko bimubuza gukora umwe mu mirimo itatu yatorewe cyangwa yose hamwe ariyo : Guhanura, gutagatifuza, no kuyobora imbaga y’Imana . Yirinze kuvuganira abapadiri bari mu kaga k’ubukene, abafungiwe akamama, abazahajwe no guhora bashyirwa ku nkeke yo kuvangurwa no gutotezwa . Muri make na we yatinye GUHANURA…..
3. Naho Musenyeri Filipo Rukamba , nka Perezida w’Inama nkuru y’Abepiskopi gatolika mu Rwanda, yavuze ijambo ryiza rikwiye gushimwa ariko rikagira n’ibyo ryanengwa.
Yigishije amateka y’umupadiri w’umunyarwanda, yibutsa uko Abamisiyoneri b’Afurika(Pères Blancs) bakoze umurimo mwiza wo kugeza inkuru nziza mu Rwanda, bagashinga amashuri ndetse ntibazuyaze no gutangiza Seminari, bakohereza bwangu abana b’abanyarwanda i Rubya muri Tanzaniya kwitegura kuba abasaserdoti , babiri bambere bakaba baraje guhabwa ubupadiri mu mwaka w’1917. Abo ni Padiri Baltazar Gafuku na Donat Reberaho .
Musenyeri Filipo Rukamba yibukije ibyasabwaga abana boherezwaga mu Seminari, ko mbere ya byose bagombaga kuba barahawe isakaramentu rya Batisimu.
Aha hari ibanga rikomeye ry’amateka rikwiye kumvikana neza ! Twibuke ko Abanyarwanda ba mbere bitabiriye kuyoboka Ubukristu, bakabatizwa, ari rubanda rugufi rwari rukandamijwe n’ingoma ya gihake , kuko banibwiraga ko umuzungu w’umumisiyoneri yasaga n’ufite ingufu zashobora kuzabakiza ingoyi ! Ntitwiyibagize ko abana b’Abatutsi b’indobanure , ab’abatware n’ab’i bwami babanje kwitaza Abamisiyoneri no kugendera ubukirisitu kure ! Niyo mpamvu abashoboye kugera mu maseminari bwa mbere bari abana bo mu bwoko bw’Abahutu, kuko aribo bari baremeye « kubatizwa » . Bene abo nyine nibo babaye abambere guhabwa icyubahiro n’ikuzo ryo kuba abasaserdoti b’abanyarwanda! Ibi byatunguye abambari b’ingoma ya cyami , birabababaza ndetse birabarakaza cyane ! Mu maso yabo , kubona umwana ukomoka muri rubanda rugufi (Umuhutu !) kuri Alitari, mu mwaka w’1917 , byari ishyano ku gasozi , byari agahomamunwa! Mu maso y’abo bategetsi, Umuhutu ntiyari akwiye icyo cyubahiro, c’est tout ! Kuko nyine byasaga n’ibihabanye n’ingengabitekerezo ya cyami bamwe bagikomeyeho no muri iki gihe ngo : « Abahutu ntibavukiye gutegeka, babereyeho kuba abagaragu » ! Nyuma yo kubona Abahutu bambere babaye Abapadiri nibwo hatangiye « campagne »ihambaye yo gushishikariza n’abana b’Abatutsi kwigira kubatizwa no guharanira kuzaba abasaserdoti .
Twibuke ko abapadiri icyenda ba mbere (9) bose bari Abahutu ! Umupadiri wa 10 niwe waje ari Umututsi : ni Bigirumwami Aloys , wabuhawe taliki ya 26/5/1929, akaba ari na we waje gutorerwa kuba Umwepiskopi wa mbere muri Afurika yo hagati mu mwaka w’1952 !
Dukomeze nanone twibuke ko abana ba rubanda rugufi bize mu maseminari, amato n’amakuru ariko ntibashobore kugera ku bupadiri babaye abaturage bajijutse (IBISOME) ari nabo bavuyemo abanze akarengane n’ivangura bagirirwaga Kubera ubwoko bwabo bagatangiza Revolisiyo ya rubanda yakuyeho ingoma ya cyami ikazana Repubulika ! Ushaka gusobonukirwa inzigo iri hagati ya ba Kagame n’ Abamisiyoneri , na bya bitutsi bahora batuka Musenyere Perraudin, yahera n’aha akaba yumvise neza aho ruzingiye !
Mu kwibutsa ko abana bagomba kujya mu Seminari basabwaga no kuba bafungutse mu mutwe, bashobora gukurikira amasomo mu Kilatini, Icyongereza, Ikidage , Icyongereza ndetse n’Igiswahili, Musenyeri Filipo Rukamba (Musenyeri Aloys Bigirumwami amubereye sewabo) yari agambiriye kwibutsa abikundira politiki ya « humirizankuyobore » ko Kiliziya gatolika y’u Rwanda, kuva mu ntangiriro, yafashe umuco wo gutegura abapadiri b’abahanga kandi bumva neza isi barimo. Bishatse kuvuga ko abapadiri b’Abanyarwanda, uko bacecekeshwa kose, ntibayobowe uko igihugu cyabo gihagaze muri iki gihe, uko kiyobowe nabi, n’uko hakenewe impinduka.
Ijambo rya Musenyeri Filipo Rukamba ryanyuze kurushaho ageze aho yibutsaga amwe mu mazina y’abapadiri bakoresheje impano zihariye bagafasha abaturage benshi mu buryo bunyuranye kandi bagafasha n’igihugu gutera imbere mu nzira nyinshi. Najyaga kunezerwa kurushaho iyo Musenyeri Rukamba yongeraho na Padiri Galikani Bushishi ndetse na Bisengimana bagize ubutwari bwo gutabariza abaturage ubwo inzara ya Ruzagayarura yari ibamaze naho abategetsi b’i bwami bahugiye mu kwirirwa baririmba ko u Rwanda ari Paradizo ! Burya koko amateka ahora yisubiramo !
Muri abo Musenyeri Filipo yavuze ko bageretse impano zihariye ku busaserdoti, uwambere yatangiriyeho ni Padiri Tomasi Bazarusanga . Mu by’ukuri uyu mupadiri ni na we wagize igitekerezo cyo gutangiza « Kinyamateka » ariko iyo « initiative » iza kwitirirwa Padiri Goubau, wayishyize mu bikorwa ! Twibukijwe ko Padiri Thomas Bazarusanga yanateje imbere ubumenyi bw’imiti ya kinyarwanda kandi akora ubushakashatsi mu byerekeye inzoka ziri mu Rwanda, uko zirumana n’UBUGOMBORO abarumwe nazo bakenera. Nkimara kumva ubu buhamya nabaye nk’ubonekewe, mbibonamo ya mvugo-shusho yo muri Bibiliya, yerekana Umubyeyi Bikiramariya mu butumwa bwo gukandagira inzoka akayijanjagura agahanga, nayo ikagerageza kumuruma agatsinsino ! Ubwo butumwa kandi tukaba twarigishijwe ko ari ubwa Kiliziya muri iki gihe ! Nibwo rero numvise igitekerezo kinzamutse mu mutima ngo ahari« icyo Kiliziya y’u Rwanda ikeneye muri iki gihe ni abapadiri nka Tomasi Bazarusanga benshi, basobanukiwe uko inzoka ziruma, n’ubugomboro abarumwe baba bakeneye! Koko rero uramutse ufashe umwanya ukitegereza neza uko Kiliziya gatolika y’u Rwanda ibayeho muri iki gihe , ntiwabura kubona ko yarumwe bikomeye! Kandi n’ubu iracyarumwa buri munsi. Hari ibimenyetso simusiga byerekana ko ubumara bw’inzoka bwacengeye mu mubiri wa Kiliziya Gatolika yo mu Rwanda . Dore iby’ingenzi:
(1) Ubwoba bw’urupfu bukomeje kokama benshi mu bayobozi ba Kiliziya
(2)Gutinya GUHANURA : kwanga kureba no kwamagana akarengane kariho muri ibi bihe turimo, nyamara tukizera ko ejo hazaza hashobora kuba heza, kandi ntacyo dukoze uyu munsi ngo duce ako karengane katazabura kongera kudusenyeraho igihugu.
(3) Kwihutira kugira izacu imvugo za Leta ivangura abanyarwanda bityo Kiliziya ikagwa mu mutego wa « Mémoire selective », nayo ntiterwe ipfunwe no kuvangura imirambo y’abana bayo bishwe, hakibukwa « bamwe » mu benegihugu abandi bakagirwa ibicibwa ! Musenyeri Filipo Rukamba azatubarize Paul Kagame impamvu hari Abepiskopi babiri batabye mu gituro kimwe i Kabgayi, bakaba badashobora gushyingurwa muri Diyosezi zabo . Azamutubarize kandi aho yajugunye Musenyeri Phocas Nikwigize. Azamutubarize impamvu Abanyarwanda biciwe na FPR badashobora gushyingura mu cyubahiro no kwibuka ababo ! Azaba agize neza .
(4) Korohera no gukomeza kubembereza « régime politique » igeze mu marembera , mu gihe iyo ngoma imaze imyaka 23 yica, ivangura abenegihugu, irenganya, ikwiza iterabwoba, ibeshya, yikubira ibyiza byose by’igihugu !
(5) « Gutinya » guha Ijambo Abamisiyoneri bashinze Kiliziya y’u Rwanda ngo nabo batange ubuhamya bwabo, ni ikimwaro kitari gikwiye kubaho ku munsi wa Yubile y’imyaka 100 y’ubusaserdoti mu Rwanda ! Aho ibirori byabereye ni muri Seminari Nkuru yubatswe na Musenyeri Perraudin, ariko ngo kirazira kumushimira ubwitange bwe bwagiriye Kiliziya y’u Rwanda akamaro !
Icyo umuntu yanenga Musenyeri Filipo Rukamba, ni uko na we nk’abamubanjirije yibanze ku gihe cyahise, yirinda kuvuga akaga k’igihe turimo, yewe ntiyatinyuka no kubura amaso ngo agenekereze uko ejo hazaza hazaba hasa, niba u Rwanda rukomeje kuyoborwa nk’uko bimeze muri iki gihe . N’ubwo ababajwe no gutangaza ko Kiliziya yapfushije 1/3 cy’abapadiri bayo barimo n’abepiskopi 4 barimbuwe na Paul Kagame utarabiryozwa, birashoboka ko nidukomeza gutinya GUHANUURA, ubutaha Kiliziya Gatolika ishobora kuzapfusha 3/4 cyangwa 4/4 by’abapadiri n’abepiskopi Kubera ko bazaba baratinye gukora umurimo wabo w’ingenzi wo GUHANURIRA aba bategetsi b’INKOTANYI ! ….
4.Reka dusozereze kuri Paul Kagame witabiriye ibirori bya Yubile amwenyura ku buryo bitigeze kumugaragaraho mu myaka 23 amaze ku butegetsi. Byantangaje ukuntu yavuze ijambo rye atuje, adahekenya amanyo nk’uko bisanzwe , ndetse akirinda kuba umushinjacyaha, gutuka Kiliziya gatolika no kuyubikaho urusyo ngo niyo Nyirabayazana w’ugusenyuka kw’igihugu mu 1994. Ahubwo noneho Paul Kagame yagaragaye avuga ubufatanye, yemeza ko hakwiye kubaho imyumvire mishya. Yerekanye ko yatewe ishema no kubonana na Papa Fransisko kandi ko baganiriye ibyubaka!
Uko Paul Kagame yagaragaye muri ibi birori avuga neza yagombye kuba ariko yagaragaye guhera agifata ubutegetsi. Kuba abyadukanye uyu munsi rero bifite icyo bisobanuye.
Biragaragara ko noneho Paul Kagame akeneye Kiliziya Gatolika ku buryo budasanzwe! Ntabwo ayikeneye kubera ko ayikunze cyangwa ngo abiterwe n’uko inzigo yashize cyangwa akaba yarahindutse mu mutima ! Paul Kagame akeneye Kiliziya Gatolika kubera ibibazo bimukomereye arimo muri iki gihe ! Manda ya gatatu yihaye ku ngufu guhera taliki ya 4/8/2017, azi neza ko itazamuhira, azi ko ntawe ukimwumva, baba abanyamahanga, baba n’abanyarwanda bakabije kuremererwa n’ubutegetsi bwe bw’igitugu n’akarengane.
Agatwenge ka Paul Kagame , si agatwenge k’ineza ! Ni agatwenge kuzuye ubuhendanyi n’uburyarya nk’ubw’inzoka ihugiriza uwo yiteguye kuruma! Mu by’ukuri Paul Kagame ntakeneye gukorana na Kiliziya Gatolika, ahubwo arifuza kuyikoresha, akayihindura igikoresho cy’inyungu ze bwite, kuko ashaka ko abayobozi bayo bamushyigikira mu gihe yegereje kurunduka ! Akeneye umugisha wa Papa n’uw’Abepiskopi kugira ubutegetsi yibye bwemerwe . Kagame akeneye ko abapadiri bamufasha « gusinziriza rubanda » imurambiwe (opium du peuple) kugira ngo idahaguruka ikamuvudukana! Niyo mpamvu yazinduwe no gutongoza abayobozi ba Kiliziya Gatolika!! Yageze n’aho yemera kuzatanga impano batamusabye !!! Ngo azabwira Abaministri be bagire ibyo bashyikiriza abayobozi ba Kiliziya ! Aho iyi si « ruswa »mwo kabyara mwe !(Cadeau empoisonné!)
Ntimwamwiyumviye se : ngo ntabwo aherutse guhura n’abepiskopi ngo baganire ! Ubundi se yari yarababuriye he !? Icyo gihe ntiyari abakeneye, ariko ubu noneho arabakenye !
Kiliziya Gatolika Paul Kagame yifuza mu Rwanda ifite izina : ni « Kiliziya IDAHANURA »…. Yayindi imureka akikorera ibyo yishakiye, ntikome! Agahatira abakecuru kumusenga nka Murumuna wa Yezu, ikicecekera ! Akiba amajwi mu matora, Kiliziya yituramiye. Agasenya amazu y’abaturage, Kiliziya ntibavugire . Agatwikira imfubyi zitagira kirengera muri ruhurura kuko zimwanduriza umujyi , Kiliziya ikirebera hirya . Agakubita, akambika ubusa, akarasa ku manywa y’ihangu abagizwe ABAZUNGUZAYI n’amaburakindi, Kiliziya ikaruca ikarumira. Agatindahaza ABAKENE, Kiliziya gatolika y’u Rwanda , ntibarengere ! Akagaraguza agati, agafunga cyangwa akica Abalideri bavugira rubanda, Kiliziya ikinumira.
Ngiyo imyumvire mishya Kagame yifuza kubona mu bapadiri bose ba Kiliziya gatolika y’u Rwanda, barimo na Padiri Tomasi Nahimana yaciriye ishyanga n’ubu akaba atemererwa gutahuka mu Rwamubyaye !
UMWANZURO
Kuba Musenyeri Filipo Rukamba yakoze disikuru nziza ifite icyo yungura Abanyarwanda mu byerekeye amateka y’abapadiri ba Kiliziya gatolika y’u Rwanda, ni ibyo gushimwa!
Ariko kuba Musenyeri Filipo Rukamba , wavugaga mu izina ry’Inama y’Abepiskopi Gatolika y’u Rwanda, yateye intambwe ndende yo kwemeza, ku munsi wa Yubile y’imyaka 100 y’ubusaserdoti, ko n’abapadiri Ishyaka rya FPR-Inkotanyi ryigombye, rikabinjiza mu mutwe w’ Abacengezamatwara baryo bitwa « ABARINZI B’IGIHANGO » , ko nabo bakwiye gushimirwa iyo mirimo ya politiki nk ‘Abacurabwenge b’ingengabitekerezo ivangura abanyarwanda, ni ugutandukira kandi ni ikosa rikomeye atazabura KWICUZA mu gihe kiri imbere. Niba ari n’inyaryenge yabimwongereye muri disikuru we atabizi , yamuhemukiye ! Ibyo « bihango » abantu ku giti cyabo bafitanye na FPR, nta mwanya byakagombye guhabwa mu butumwa bwa Padiri ugifite n’inshingano muri « Misiyoni » ! Nabo nibabe intwari, bamese kamwe, bareke kwitwikira Kiliziya Gatolika!
Kuba Musenyeri Filipo Rukamba atatinyutse GUHANURA kuri uyu munsi w’imbonekarimwe, ngo yerekane, mu kinyabupfura no mu bwubahane, akarengane kagirirwa rubanda rugufi muri iki gihe , nabyo birerekana cyane ko ingabire y’ UBUHANUZI iri mu kaga gakomeye, muri Kiliziya y’u Rwanda.
Ngaho se ubufatanye Paul Kagame akeneye nibujyane na « Réformes » zifatika mu miyoborere y’igihugu , AKARENGANE kagabanuke, imfungwa zibohorwe, impunzi zitahuke mu gihugu mu mutekano. Naho ubundi ibyo Kagame ariho yivugisha byasa na « tactique » yo kubanza guhuha kugira ngo inzoka irusheho kuruma Kiliziya no kuyicengezamo ubumara buzayihuhura!
Niyo mpamvu bigaragara ko Kiliziya y’u Rwanda muri iki gihe ikeneye Abapadiri bemera gukora ubushakashatsi , bakagira ubumenyi buhagije mu byerekeye INZOKA, uko iruma, n’ubugomboro abakirisitu barumwe baba bakeneye !
Yubile nziza ku bapadiri bose b’Abanyarwanda,
Dusabirane twese kurushaho kuba ABAHANUZI…n’ABAGOOMBOOZI….mu Rwanda rw’iki gihe turimo.
Padiri Thomas Nahimana


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Kayonza: Barasaba Leta kubatera ingabo mu bitugu bakabona amazi n’umuriro
Abaturage bo mu Mudugudu wa Matinza, Akagari ka Nkondo, Umurenge wa Rwinkwavu, Akarere ka Kayonza, basabye ko bagezwaho amazi n’umuriro kuko byatuma barushaho kwihuta mu iterambere.
Ibi byavugiwe mu bukangurambaga bwateguwe n’Akarere ka Kayonza. Insanganyamatsiko igira iti “Umudugudu ufite isuku, utekanye, uteye imbere”.
Mu busanzwe uyu mudugudu ufite abaturage bashyize hamwe bakora ibikorwa byinshi by’iterambere, byakozwe nabo ubwabo nta yindi nkunga birimo; kwiyubakira ibiro by’umudugudu, igikoni cy’umudugudu, kugira icyumba gikusanyirizwamo amakuru, Kugira ikaye y’ubwisungane mu kwivuza, kugira igitondo cy’irondo, kugira umudugudu utarangwamo icyaha no gukodesha imirima ifite ubuso bungana na hegitari ebyiri zo guhingaho.
Ntabatanzi Népomoscène wo mu kagari ka Nkondo, yavuze ko ibibazo by’amazi n’amashanyarazi ari umurongo mugari wa Leta. “Iyaba ari ibintu twakwikorera, twakwishakamo imbaraga tukabikora, icyo twakora nk’abaturage twacukura imiyoboro ariko amatiyo nta bwo twayabona”.
Yakomeje agira ati, “Ntitwabasha kugura biriya biti by’amapoto ngo twikururize umuriro, tukaba dusaba Leta ko mu igenamigambi ryayo, nibona ubushobozi natwe yatwibuka”.
Umuyobozi w’umudugudu wa Matinza, Musabyimana Bernard yavuze ko kutagira umuriro bituma urubyiruko rudashobora gukora imishinga yarurwanaho ngo rushobore kwiteza imbere, bityo ubukungu bukahazaharira. Aho yagize ati “Urebye nta mazi ahari nta na robine, nta n’umuyoboro w’amazi, birumvikana ko iyo amazi abuze ubuzima burahazaharira”.
Nyambere Séraphine wo mu mudugudu wa Matinza, Akagari ka Nkondo yavuze ko kugira ngo babone amazi ari ikintu kibagoye cyane. “Nko muri iki gihe cy’izuba ni ukujya mu gishanga abakiri abasore, ariko ku bantu bakuze biratugora cyane ntitwabishobora. Bitugiraho ingaruka zo kutabona amazi meza yo kunywa, ndetse n’ayo gukoresha ugasanga n’ ikibazo.
Umuyobozi w’Akarere ka Kayonza, Murenzi Jean Claude yashimiye umudugudu wa Matinza ibikorwa byiza umaze kugeraho harimo gahunda y’umudugudu utekanye, ufite isuku, uteye imbere.
Uyu muyobozi yavuze ko ikibazo cy’amazi n’umuriro; biri muri gahunda bafite kugira ngo abaturage bose bibagereho. “Ntituragira 100% ariko gahunda zirahari, umuriro wo hari linye yatangiye gukomeza ijya Kajyeyo, turi muri gahunda yo kugira ngo dufate n’umurongo uza muri iyi santire ya Matinza. Uko tugenda twagura imiyoboro y’umuriro n’abaturage benshi tuzabagezaho amazi”.
Gahunda ya Leta ni uko kugera 2024, ahantu hose hazaba hamaze kugera amazi n’umuriro .


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Ntibagitaka kubura imbuto n’ifumbire babikesha Hinga Weze
Mu gihe abahinzi bakunze kugaragaza ko imbuto n’inyongeramusaruro bibageraho bitinze ndetse banakweza umusaruro mwinshi ugapfa ubusa kubera kubura isoko, ku bahinzi bakorana n’umushinga Hinga Weze siko biri.
Hangiyaremye Enias, umucuruzi w’inyongeramusaruro akaba anakusanya umusaruro w’abahinzi mu kagali ka Tetero, umurenge Kavumu, akarere ka Ngororero avuga ko amahugurwa yahawe na Hinga Weze amaze kumugeza ku iterambere kuko yanaguze imodoka imufasha mu kazi ke ka buri munsi.
Mu kiganiro yagiranye n’umunyamakuru wa The Bridge Magazine yagize ati « Hinga Weze yamfashije mu buryo bwo kumpa amahugurwa, mbese mbere nabikoraga mu buryo budasobanutse neza, ntabwo nari umucuruzi w’inyongeramusaruro, najyaga kugura amafumbire n’imbuto ku bacuruzi b’inyongeramusaruro ngaha abahinzi bari mu nkunganire, noneho wa musaruro bamaze kubona nkongera nkawubagurira nkawujyana ku isoko. Kuba umucuruzi w’inyongeramusaruro ni Hinga Weze yabigizemo uruhare insabira ibyangombwa ku karere ubwo mba mbaye umucuruzi w’inyongeramusaruro ».
Enias yakomeje avuga ko Hinga Weze yamugiriye inama yo gushaka umu comptable (umucungamutungo), inamuha umu stagiaire (uwimenyereza umwuga) wo kumufasha, banamuhugura uburyo agomba gucunga umutungo, izo nama zose ngo yarazubahirije, ibyo gupfusha ibintu ubusa cyangwa bigahomba ngo ntibikibaho, kuri ubu ibintu birimo kugenda neza.
Ibi ngo byatumye amafumbire n’imbuto bigera ku bahinzi ku gihe kuko biba biturutse muri depo ze, umusaruro uraboneka, abahinzi biteza imbere, nawe yiteza imbere.
Yakomeje agira ati « ubu nkorana n’abahinzi barenze 500, nibo mbasha guha inyongera musaruro n’imbuto z’indobanure, na none kandi umusaruro wabo nkawukusanya. Kubera inama za Hinga Weze no kumfasha kubona ibyangombwa nabashije kwiteza imbere, kuko mbere nakodeshaga imodoka z’abandi, ngashyira abaturage inyongeramusaruro cyangwa se ngakusanya umusaruro wabo; ariko ubu niteje imbere nigurira imodoka ya miliyoni 26 ni nshyashya narifunukurije ».
Uyu mucuruzi w’inyongeramusaruro akomeza agira ati « Mbere ntaratangira gukorana na Hinga Weze nabonaga toni hagati ya 40 na 60 z’umusaruro w’ibirayi bitewe na saison, ariko maze gukora nayo, kuko n’abaturage yabahuguye babaha imfashanyangigisho, uburyo bagomba guhinga kijyambere, bagahinga biteza imbere, banahingira amasoko, umusaruro waje kwiyongera urazamuka kuko nibuka ko hari amezi, saison yagenze neza nkabona toni 150 ».
Enias yemeza ko azakomeza gusigasira ibyo Hinga Weze yatangije, amahugurwa bamuhaye azakomeza kuyakurikiza, akongera ingufu kubyo bamugejejeho. Ikindi nuko ubumenyi yahawe abusangiza n’abandi akabigisha gukora ibintu biri ku murongo, mu mucyo no mu buryo bwiza, cyane cyane yibanda ku rubyiruko kugira ngo rukanguke narwo rwiteze imbere, rugire icyo rugeraho.
Umushinga Hinga Weze umaze guhugura abacuruzi b’inyongeramusaruro n’abakusanya umusaruro bagera kuri 320, mu turere 10 ikoreramo aritwo Bugesera, Gatsibo, Kayonza na Ngoma (Iburasirazuba); Karongi, Ngororero, Nyabihu, Nyamasheke na Rutsiro (Iburengerazuba) na Nyamagabe (Amajyepfo).
Uyu mushinga watangijwe ku bufatanye n’Ikigo cy’Igihugu Gishizwe Guteza Imbere Ubuhinzi n’Ubworozi RAB ku nkunga y’Umuryango w’Abanyamerika Wita ku Iterambere Mpuzamahanga USAID. Intego yawo akaba ari ugufasha abahinzi basaga 530,000 mu turere 10 ikoreramo mu kwita ku buhinzi no kunoza imirire by’umwihariko umwana n’umugore, ndetse no gufasha abahinzi mu guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere.


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Ibirori byinshi byo gusiganwa bya FPV byifashisha amabendera kimwe na DIY FPV amarembo yo gusiganwa, Yagenewe abasiganwa ba FPV, biragaragara cyane kandi biramba mumuyaga kandi bitanga amashusho meza cyane kuri FPV Track / Course .. aya marembo akozwe muri prop umwenda urwanya.Framed hamwe na birebire biremereye-urukuta rwa fiberglass pole.Ibendera ryibimenyetso byose byoroshye gushiraho no kwaguka kwingingo zifatizo ushobora guhitamo gukoresha kubutaka bworoshye cyangwa bukomeye.
(1) Gukomatanya fibre pole, ikomeye cyane mugihe kirekire cyo gukoresha hanze.
(2) Ibyingenzi bidahwitse kugirango bihamye mubihe bitandukanye
(3) Buri seti izana igikapu cyo gutwara, cyoroshye kandi kigendanwa.
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(5)) Urwego runini rwibanze rushobora guhuza porogaramu zitandukanye
Ubwiza Bwambere, Umutekano Wishingiwe