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Kugirango ikibazo cy’abana bo mu muhanda gikemuke burundu ababyeyi barasabwa kubigiramo uruhare babatoza uburere bwiza, ndetse bakabarinda ibibazo biboneka mu muryango bibatera kujya kuba inzererezi mu muhanda.
Zimwe mu mpamvu zagaragaye zituma abana bajya mu muhanda ibyinshi byiganjemo ibibazo byo mu miryango birimo ubukene, ubwumvikane buke hagati y’ababyeyi, gutandukana kw’abashakanye, ihohoterwa rikorerwa mu miryango hagati y’abashakanye ndetse no ku bana, ubusinzi n’ibindi.
Nyirankundiye Leonie atuye mu murenge wa Gisozi atangaza ko umwana we yagiye mu muhanda kubera imibereho mibi bari bafite mu rugo rwabo ahitamo kujya gusabiriza mu mujyi.
Nyuma yaho bamuteye inkungu agatangira gukora uduginga duciriritse ndetse umwana we agasubizwa mu muryango we abona ntakibazo gihari kuko babasha kubona ibyibanze bibatunga mu mibereho yabo ya buri munsi.
Yemeza ko umwana aramutse asanze mu muryango we nta bibazo birimo ntacyamujyana mu buzererezi kuko aba abasha kubona ibimutunga bihagije kandi nawe bikamufasha kubaho atekanye bigaherekezwa n’uburere bw’ababyeyi be.
Ati “ Erega ababyeyi nitwe dufite uruhare rukomeye mu gukemura ibibazo biboneka mu miryango yacu cyane twita ku burere bw’abana ariko cyane cyane ubashakira imibereho kuko ubukene nibwo butuma bajya mu muhanda”.
Kuba iki kibazo kigomba gukemuka bihereye mu muryango bishimangirwa na Uwambayinzobe Agnes ufite umwana wahoze ari inzererezi mu muhanda uhamya ko umuryango uramutse ufite umutekano kandi ukaba ufite ibiwutunga byibanze nta bana b’inzererezi baboneka mu muhanda.
Umwana we yagiye kuba inzererezi bitewe nuko kubona ikibatunga bya bigoranye cyane ariko nyuma aho Caritas Kigali imusubirije mu muryango nawe bakamutera inkunga umwana we atasubiye muri ubwo buzima.
Padiri Twizeyumuremyi Donatien avuga ko mu kigo cy’Abadacogora n’Intwari gikorera muri Caritas ya Kigali abereye umuyobozi bimwe mu bibazo basanze bitera ubuzererezi ibyinshi birimo ubukene n’amakimbirane mu muryango.
Nyuma yo gusanga ibibazo bijyana abana kuba inzerere mu muhanda bituruka mu miryango Caritas Kigali yafashe ingamba zo gukemura iki kibazo ifasha abana, ibakura mu muhanda, ikabasubiza mu miryango yabo kugirango barusheho kubaho neza.
Ati“ Caritas Kigali ifite intego yo gufasha abakene n’abandi bose bari mukaga ikabasubiza agaciro bamburwa n’ubukene, ubuzima bubi barimo, akarengane baterwa n’umuryango n’ibindi byose byambura ikiremwa muntu isura ye yaremanywe n’Imana”.
Abana bo mu muhanda rero ni bamwe muri abo bantu bakenewe gusubizwa agaciro kabo. Ni muri urwo rwego, ibinyujije mu kigo cy’ABADACOGORA n’INTWALI ,Caritas Kigali yita kuri aba bana ,ibasubiza mu miryango yabo, mu ishuri, ndetse no mu muryango mugari w’abanyarwanda(society). Ibi Caritas Kigali ibikora ifatanyije kandi n’imiryango y’aba bana, aho nayo ubwayo ifashwa mu kwiteza imbere kugira ngo umwana abone iby’ibanze akeneye,bityo yishimire kuguma mu muryango.
Padiri Twizeyumuremyi avuga ko nubwo ikigo cy’Abadacogora n’Intwari bamaze igihe kinini bakora kano kazi ko gufasha abana bo mu muhanda asanga impamvu bitarangira ari uko ibibazo biba mu muryango bitera abana kujya mu muhanda bitarangira nabyo.
Yemeza ko umuryango uramutse ubayeho ubona ibyibanze byose haba ibitunga urugo, imyambaro ndetse mu rugo hakaba hari amahoro asesuye abana batakongera gusubira mu muhanda kuba inzererezi.
Nubwo nta mibare ikigo cy’ABADACOGORA n’INTWARI gitanga cy’abana b’inzerere bahaciye kubera amateka y’igihugu cy’u Rwanda cyahuye na Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi muri Mata 1994 ndetse nuko batigeze bandika abahanyuze bose iki kigo umuyobozi wa Caritas Kigali Padiri Twizeyumuremyi avuga ko ari benshi cyane kuko cyatangiye mu mwaka wa 1984.
Padiri avuga ko mu ntangiriro, ababanjirije batagiye bagira aho bandika abana banyuze mu kigo cyangwa se wenda ntibabihaga agaciro cyane bitewe n’uburyo bwo gukora bwariho bwo kutagira aho babika inyandiko mu buryo burambye biragoranye kumenya by’ukuri umubare nyawo w’abana basubijwe mu muryango.
Nubwo bitoroshye kumenya umubare nyawo kubera impamvu zavuzwe haruguru muri iki gikorwa cyo gukura abana mu muhanda no kubasubiza mu buzima busanzwe bamaze gukoresha amafaranga arenga miliyari ebyiri mu myaka cumi n’itanu ishize.
“Uhereye kuri icyo gihe rero, ukareba imyaka 34 ishize dukora ibi bikorwa urumva amafaranga amaze gukoreshwa ari menshi cyane” Padiri Twizeyumuremyi Donatien.
Nyuma y’imyaka myinshi bahanganye n’iki kibazo cy’abana bo mu muhanda Padiri asanga kitarangizwa n’umuntu umwe cyangwa babiri kuko ari ikibazo cy’umuryango nyarwanda muri rusange, abona Caritas Kigali idashobora kukirangiza yonyine kuko hakenewe n’abandi benshi binjira muri ibi bikorwa ku buryo bufatika.
Caritas Kigali ishimira Leta y’u Rwanda uburyo ibishyizemo imbaraga muri iki gihe, hamwe n’indi miryango nterankunga nayo ikora nk’ibyo bakora hagamijwe guha agaciro aba bana.Aha ariko basanga ibyakorwa byose, ari ngombwa kwibuka ko ntawe ushobora gusimbura imiryango (famille) mu gukemura iki kibazokaba ariyo mpamvu basanga imbaraga nyinshi zagombye gushyirwa mu kubaka umuryango nyarwanda.
Aha ni naho bahera basaba inzego za Leta kuborohereza mu kazi bakora ko gufasha aba bana ntibafatwe nkaho bakora ibikorwa bibyara inyungu, ahubwo bagafatwa nk’abafatanyabikorwa bayo mu gukemura iki kibazo kibangamira umuryango nyarwanda muri rusange, ndetse n’abana ku buryo bw’umwihariko.Ibi bikavuga rero ko inkunga yose Leta yabona itagira ingingimira yo kuyibatera,yaba iy’amafaranga, ibikoresho bitandukanye cyangwa se mukubaka ubushobozi(technical support) bw’imiryango.
Umunyamabanga wa reta muri Minisiteri y’Ubutegetsi bw’Igihugu ushinzwe imibereho myiza y’abaturage , Mukabaramba Alivera avuga ko Reta y’u Rwanda yashyizeho ingamba zo guhangana niki kibazo cy’abana bajya kuba inzererezi mu muhanda.
Muri izo ngamba harimo gusigasira ubusugire bw’umuryango nyarwanda, gushyiraho ibigo ngororamuco kubana bakiri bato, ndetse no gushakira abanyarwanda imibereho myiza y’abaturage ikubiyemo, uburezi budaheza kuri bose, ubwisungane mu kwivuza, no gushyiraho ibyiciro by’ubudehe bityo umunyarwanda utishoboye agaterwa inkunga.
Ahamya ko mu bufatanye n’ibindi bigo bifite mu nshingano kwita kuri aba bana bo mu muhanda haba ibigo bya reta ndetse n’ibitari ibya reta iki kibazo kizakemuka ariko nawe agashimangira ko uruhare rurnini rugomba kuba kuba byeyi b’abana kuko aribo baba bagomba gukurikirana ibibazo byabo bya buri munsi.
Ati “ ubu noneho hariho ikigo k’igihugu gishinzwe Igororamuco kizajya gikurikirana bariya bana b’inzererezi kikabagorora nyuma kikabasubiza mu miryango turizera ko bizagira ingaruka nziza”.
Iki kigo kandi kizagirana ubufatanye n’abindi bigo bifite mu nshingano kwita ku ban abo mu mihanda aho bazajya bagirana amasezerano yo kujya bafasha abo bana gusubizwa mu miryango nyuma yo kubagorora.


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Mercy Mokeira wabaye Miss World Kenya muri Nyamira ahahoze ari Intara ya Nyanza muri Kenya yitabye Imana mu mpera z’icyumweru, kuri ubu inkuru iri kugarukwaho cyane mu bitangazamakuru n’isengesho uyu mukobwa yavuze ko ubwo yagiranaga isezerano n’Imana ngo imukize.
Uyu mukobwa yari amaze iminsi icumi mu bitaro.Yamenyekanye cyane muri Kenya mu mwaka ushize ubwo yifotoje ari kumwe n’abakobwa b’uburanga muri Gereza ya Lang’ata nyuma amafoto agakwirakwizwa ku mbuga nkoranyambaga.
Uwo mukobwa wahize abandi muri Kenya mu buranga mu irushanwa Nyamoinga w’icyo gihugu mu mwaka wa 2016, yitabye Imana ku myaka 23 y’ubukure, aguye mu bitaro byo mu Majyaruguru ya Kinangop (North Kinangop Hospital) aho yavurirwaga gusa indwara yari arwaye na nubu ntiramenyekana.
Ubwo yari aryamye mu bitaro, Miss Mokeira wari mu banyeshuri biteguraga guhabwa impamyabumenyi muri Kamena 2017 muri Kenyatta University (Bachelor of Laws Degree), yateye isengesho ry’amagambo macye asaba Imana ngo imukize. Yanditse agira ati: “Mana ndakwinginze ngo unkize.”
Abantu benshi bakoranye ndetse n’abari bamuzi, ubu butumwa bwabashenguye imitima nk’uko bigaragara mu magambo yavuzwe na se, abayobozi n’abandi bantu b’ingeri zitandukanye. Josphat Momanyi Se wa nyakwigendera Miss Mery Mokeira, yatangarije KenyaMoja muri aya magambo:
Yagize ati “Mu gitondo cyo ku wa 6, nari ntarakira igisubizo. Murumuna we yambwiye ko Mercy yabyutse ameze neza ariko yari ari gutaka ubushyuhe bwinshi mu mubiri. Ahagana mu ma saa kumi z’umugoroba, murumuna we yarampamagaye ambwira ko Mokeira atagishoboye no kuvuga maze saa tanu n’igice (11:30) z’amanywa umwuka wari umaze kumushiramo. Nahamagaye Dogiteri wo kuri ibyo bitaro bya North Kinangop ni we wemeje iyo nkuru y’incamugongo.
Se w’uwo mukobwa, Josphat Momanyi akomeza agira ati, “Yatakaga avuga ko ababara mu mitsi ariko ibipimo ntibyashoboraga kugaragaza indwara arwaye. Twamukoreye irindi suzuma gusa yitabye Imana tutarabona igisubizo.”
Inshuti n’abavandimwe ndetse na bamwe bakoranaga mu kazi ka buri munsi bavuze ko Kenya ihombye umukobwa w’umuhanga w’umunyembaraga wagaragaza kwitangira abandi.
Umwe mu bayobozi ba Nyamira County, Jones Omwenga, yagize ati “Iki ni igihombo gikomeye mu gace k’iwacu. Ntitwabona uko tugaragaza agahinda dufite mu magambo.’’ Nyampinga, Mokeira yateganyaga gusoza icyiciro cya 2 cya kaminuza mu mategeko muri Kamena uyu mwaka.
Muri Kamena 2016 Mercy Mokeira yamamaye cyane muri Kenya ubwo yifotoje ari umwe n’abagore b’uburanga bambitse ikamba ry’ubwiza muri Gereza ya Langata. Icyo gihe amafoto yasabagiye hose kubera uburyo itangazamakuru ryagereranyaga uyu mukobwa na Nyampinga watowe muri iyi gereza, byari nk’igitangaza kuri bamwe kubona Nyampinga arushwa ubwiza n’umugororwa.
Mu mwaka ushize Mokeira yanagizwe umunyamideli w’umwaka mu bagore [Female Model of the Year] mu bihembo bya Pwani Awards.

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COVID-19: Kudakora igikoni cy’umudugudu byari bigiye gusubiza abana mu mirire mibi
Mu gihe cya guma mu rugo bamwe mu bana b’ababyeyi bibumbiye mu itsinda Imbereheza, mu murenge wa Ruramira, akarere ka Kayonza, bari batangiye gusubira mu mirire mibi kubera kudahurira hamwe ngo batekere abana. Ingamba zimaze koroshywa bagiye bigabanyamo amatsinda mato bakomeza gutekera abana.
Mukamasengesho Théophilla ni umujyanama w’ubuzima ushinzwe ubuzima bw’umubyeyi n’uruhinja akaba no mu itsinda Imbereheza, rimwe mubagize abahinzi 530.000 umushinga Hinga Weze watangijwe ku bufatanye n’Ikigo cy’Igihugu Gishizwe Guteza Imbere Ubuhinzi n’Ubworozi RAB, avuga ko abagore bo mu cyaro bibumbiraga hamwe bagacuruza ubuconsho, bagacuruza ibyo bishyimbo cyangwa amasaka bakaba bari hamwe, ariko corona virus imaze kuza byabaye ngombwa ko batongera kwibumbira hamwe ngo bakorere hamwe.
Aragira ati “igikomeye cyane twakunda gukora igikoni cy’umudugudu, kandi iyo dukora igikoni cy’umudugudu tuba turinda abana bacu imirire mibi, ni ukuvuga ngo igikoni cyabaye imbogamizi, kugira ngo duhurire kuri cya gikoni cya buri kwezi, tuzanye abana kubapimisha ngo turebe ibiro byabo, uko imikurire yabo imeze, duteke indyo yuzuye tubagaburire, corona yatumye tutongera guhurira hamwe , buri wese arirwariza”,
Akomeza agira ati “Ndetse n’imirire mibi mu bana yari igiye kongera kugaruka kubera kutongera guterana mu gikoni cy’umudugudu ngo duteke abana barye indyo yuzuye”.
Uyu mujyanama w’ubuzima avuga nyuma ya guma mu rugo bigabanyijemo amatsinda abiri, rimwe ry’abantu 30, irindi 29, bongera guhurira hamwe bashyizemo intera banambaye agapfukamunwa, bakaraba n’intoki mu kwirinda ikwirakwiza ry’icyorezo cya corona virus, batekera abana indyo yuzuye. Ati “twazanaga abana bake tukabagaburira kugira ngo turebe ko abana bacu twabarinda imirire mibi”.
Anavuga ko kugira ngo aba babyeyi bakomeze kubona ibyo batekera abana, byabaye ngombwa ko amafaranga bashyiraga hamwe bacuruza ubuconsho bayagabana, buri wese akajya kwikorera ku giti cye.
Nyamwiza nawe aba muri iri tsinda avuga ko gutekera hamwe byari ingenzi cyane kuko igihe byari byahagaze hari abana bari batangiye gusubira inyuma. Ati “ariko aho twigabanijemo kabiri, abana barongeye bagaburirwa indyo yuzuye, ubu bameze neza kuko abafashamyumvire barongeye baradusura”.
Mu kwirinda ikwirakwizwa ry’icyorezo cya corona virus, hibandwa ku isuku no gukaraba kenshi, umushinga Hinga Weze uterwa inkunga n’Umuryango w’ Abanyamerika wita ku Iterambere Mpuzamahanga USAID , wagiye utanga ibikoresho by’isuku harimo kandagira ukarabe n’amasabune, mu turere 10 ikoreramo; aritwo Bugesera, Gatsibo, Kayonza, Ngoma, Karongi, Ngororero, Nyabihu, Nyamasheke, Rutsiro na Nyamagabe. Akaba ari nabyo ababyeyi bifashishaga igihe bahuye bagiye gutegurira abana ifunguro rigizwe n’indyo yuzuye.
Ibi bikoresho byatwaye amafaranga y’u Rwanda angana na 74.286.000.


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Sobanukirwa Indwara z’ umuhangayiko
Indwara z’ umuhangayiko ni indwara zikomeye zituma umuntu ahorana umujagararo n’ ubwoba budashira ahubwo bwiyongera uko igihe kigenda. Akenshi twese twuma duhangayitse rimwe na rimwe, ariko umuntu ufite iyi ndwara, umuhangayiko ugumaho buri gihe kandi ukagira ingaruka mbi ku buzima bw’ umuntu.
Mu Rwanda, abasaga 8.6% bagaragaza ibimenyetso by’ indwara z’ umuhangayiko kandi ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko igitsina gore aribo bafite ibimenyetso cyane ugereranyije n’ igitsina gabo. Niyo mpamvu impuguke zigira inama abagore n’ abakobwa bafite hejuru y’ imyaka 13 y’ ubukure ko bagomba kwisuzumisha mu buryo buhoraho indwara z’ umuhangayiko.
Ubwoko bw’ indwara z’ umuhangayiko
Hari ubwoko bwinshi bw’ izi ndwara. Nubwo zose zirangwa n’ ibimenyetso by’ ubwoba no guhangayika, buri bwoko bufite ibiburanga n’ ibimenyetso byihariye. Mu bwoko bwazo harimo:
Agoraphobia (Ubwoba bw’ ahantu hahurira abantu benshi)
Iyi ndwara irangwa n’ ubwoba bw’ ahantu umuntu atabona ubuhungiro. Abantu bayifite akenshi batinya ko baza kubura amahwemo cyangwa bakagaragaza ibindi bimenyetso mu ruhame, ibi bigatuma birinda kwegera ahantu hari ibikorwa bihuriramo abantu benshi, bakeka ko byabatera kubura umutuzo, bakabura uko bifasha kuko bumva kuba aho hantu ari umutego watuma bagira ibimenyetso.
Iyo myitwarire yo kwirinda kujya ahantu hahurira abantu benshi ituma umuntu atisanzura cyangwa ngo abone ibyo akeneye, akenshi bigatuma umuntu ahunga gutwara imodoka, amasoko, ingendo z’ indege cyangwa ibindi. Rimwe na rimwe, ubwo bwoba buba bwinshi ku buryo umuntu atava imuhira ngo ajye gukora ibindi bikorwa.
Generalized Anxiety disorder (Umuhangayiko ushingiye ku mpinduka z’ ubuzima bwa buri munsi)
Iyi ndwara yo mu mutwe irangwa no kubura amahwemo n’ ubwoba bushingiye ku bintu bisanzwe biba aho dutuye. Bikomerera umuntu ufite ubwo bwoba, kandi akenshi bwiyongera bitewe n’ impinduka zikomeza kugaragara iyo hari ikintu cyabaye.
Nubwo nta kintu cyihariye gitera ubwo bwoba, abantu bafite iyi ndwara bumva bahangayitse iminsi myinshi mu bintu bisanzwe biba mu buzima, bitewe n’ amakuru bumva cyangwa babona mu binyamakuru, impinduka ziba mu mubano wabo nabandi cyangwa ikindi kintu babona gishobora kuba.
Panic Disorder (Kubura amahwemo)
Iyi ni indwara irangwa no kubura amahwemo, umuntu uyifite agahora yumva ko abura umutuzo kandi bikaba nta nteguza yabonye. Mu gihe babuze amahwemo, abantu bagaragaza ibimenyetso by’ umubiri n’ ibyiyumviro harimo: gutera cyane k’ umutima, kubira ibyuya byinshi, guhumeka insigane no kugira ubwoba bwo gupfa.
Selective Mutism (Guceceka mu bikorwa bimwe na bimwe)
Iyi ni indwara iboneka mu bana bato. Akenshi irangwa n’ uko abana bagira ubwoba, kumva bafite ikimwaro bigatuma birinda kuvugira ahantu hamwe na hamwe nko ku ishuri cyangwa iyo bari kumwe n’ abantu batamenyeranye.
Akenshi igaragara hagati y’ imyaka ibiri n’ ine y’ ubukure kandi akenshi biherekezwa no kubura umutuzo, kugendagenda, kugira isoni zo guhuza amaso n’ abandi bantu no kuterekana ikibazo bafite iyo bari mu bikorwa cyangwa bari kumwe n’ abantu batinya.
Social Anxiety Disorder (Gutinya uruhame)
Indwara yo gutinya uruhame irangwa no gutinya ahantu hahurira abantu benshi. Ubwo bwoba bufite ikintu cyihariye bushingiyeho nko kuvugira mu ruhame cyangwa kwirinda ahantu hateraniye abantu benshi.
Abantu bafite iyi ndwara bumva ko abantu bari bubajore cyangwa babacira urubanza kuri buri kintu baza gukora. Bashobora kumva ubwabo bigaye kandi bakagira ibimenyetso ku mu biri n’ ubwoba iyo bari ahantu hateraniye abantu bensi.
Ibyo bimeyetso harimo gutitira, umutima ugatera cyane, kugira ibibazo by’ igifu no kubura umutuzo. Ibi bimenyetso akenshi bituma umuntu yirinda kujya muri ibyo bikorwa iyo bimushobokeye.
Specific Phobias (Ubwoba bw’ ibintu runaka)
Ni ubwoba bw’ ibintu runaka burangwa no gutinya ikintu cyangwa ahantu runaka hatuma umuntu abura umutuzo, kandi ari ibisanzwe ku bandi. Ubwo bwoba butuma umuntu agaragaza ibimenyetso iyo ageze cyangwa ahuye n’ ikintu atinya harimo nko kubira ibyuya byinshi, kurira, isereri, gutera cyane k’ umutima no guhumeka insigane.
Ingero zirimo gutinya amazu maremare, ahantu hafunganye, udusimba, ibara runaka, ibitaro n’ ibikorerwamo, ibikoresho runaka, amaraso n’ ibindi.
Ibimenyetso by’ indwara z’ umuhangayiko
Indwara z’ umuhangayiko zizana n’ ibimenyetso akenshi bitandukanye, ku bantu batandukanye. Buri ndwara ifite ibimenyesto byayo byihariye ariko ibyo zose zihuriyeho harimo:
Kubura ibitotsi
Isereri
Kumva mu kanwa humagaye
Kugira ubwoba bukabije no kubura umutuzo n’ amahwemo
Iseseme
Gutera cyane k’ umutima kurusha ibisanzwe
Kumva utuntu tujombagura amaguru
Gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kuguma hamwe.
Iyo wumvise ko ufite ibimeyeto by’ ubwoba kandi bidanzwe ku mubiri cyangwa mu bitekerezo harimo kubira ibyuya byinshi, gutera cyane k’ umutima, kubura umwuka, gutitira, guhangayika cyangwa umujagararo, ibyo ni ibimenytso byerekana ko hari ikintu kidasanzwe kiri kukubaho bishobora kuba biteye ubwoba kandi ukeneye kugira icyo ubikoraho.
Uburyo bwo “Guhunga cyangwa guhangana” n’ ikigutera ubwoba butuma umubiri wirwanaho ndetse hakaboneka ibitekerezo by’ uburyo ushobora kwitwara mu gihe uhuye n’ ikigutera ubwoba. Nubwo ubwo buryo bubiri akenshi bukora neza, rimwe na rimwe ushobora gukoresha imbaraga z’ umurengera bigateza ibindi bibazo. Iyo bigenze gutyo, bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cyerekana ko ufite indwara y’ umuhangayiko.
Benshi mu bantu barahangayika rimwe na rimwe. Itandukaniro ry’ umuhangayiko usanzwe no kuba ari indwara, ni ingaruka bigira ku bikorwa bya buri munsi, bituma iyo umuntu afite iyo ndwara bibangamira imikorere ye.
Ibiteza indwara z’ umuhangayiko
Abantu benshi bagira ibimenyetso by’ umuhangayiko mu buzima bwabo. Nta mpamvu nyamukuru izwi ko itera izi ndwara, nubwo biboneka ko ari ibintu bitandukanye bigira uruhare mu kuba umuntu yazigira, harimo uruhererekane rwo mu muryango, ibyo tubamo, umujagararo, impinduka ziba mu bwonko n’ ihungabana.
Abashakashatsi baracyakora ngo amenyekanye ibitera izi ndwara. Uruhurirane rw’ impamvu nyinshi byabonetse ko narwo rutera indwara z’ umuhangayiko. Bimwe muri ibyo harimo:
Imisemburo yo mu bwonko: Umujagararo w’igihe kirekire ushobora gutuma haba impinduka mu mikorerere y’ imisemburo yo mu bwonko. Izo mpinduka zishobora kugira uruhare mu izamuka ry’ umuhangayiko.
Ibyo umuntu yanyuzemo: kunyura mu bihe bihungabanya cyangwa bikubuza umutuzo bishobora kuzamura umuhangayiko.
Amateka y’ umuryango: kugira umwe mu bagize umuryango ufite umuhangayiko no kubura umutuzo byongera ibyago byo kugira izi ndwara.
Uruhererekane rwo mu muryango: ari ibigize uturemangingo tubika amakuru turi mu muntu bishobora kongera ibyago ko umuntu yagira indwara z’ imuhangayiko.
Indwara z’ umubiri: hari ibibazo by’ umubiri bishobora gutuma umuntu agira amarangamutima arangwa n’ umuhangayiko. Bimwe muri byo harimo uburibwe bukabije, indwara z’ umutima, diyabete, indwara z’ ubuhumekero n’ ikoreshwa ry’ ibiyobyabwenge.
Imiterere yihariye y’umuntu: abantu badasabana cyane n’ abandi barangwa n’ umutuzo muke bagira ibyago byinshi byo kugira indwara z’umuhangayiko.
Kwemeza indwara z’ umuhangayiko
Nta cyumba cy’ isuzuma kibaho ngo kibe cyakoreshwa mu kumenya niba umuntu afite indwara z’ umuhangayiko, umuganga wawe ashobora gukora isuzuma ku bibazo by’ umubiri nyuma akaba yakurangira abakozi bita ku buzima bwo mu mutwe, nk’ umuganga uvura indwara zo mu mutwe, inzobere mu kuvura indwara z’ imitekerereze n’ imyitwarire cyangwa umujyanama. Izi nzobere zifite uburyo bakoresha basuzuma bigafasha kumenya indwara yihariye ufite.
Kugira ngo umuganga yemeze niba ufite indwara y’ umuhangayiko, akoresha uburyo bw’ ibibazo b’ ibizamini kugira ngo amenye ubwoko bw’ izo ndwara ufite. Bakenera kumenya uko ibimenyetso ufite bimeze, igihe bimaze, n’ urwego bigezeho. Ikindi, bakenera gusobanukirwa uko ibyo bimenyetso bibangamira ubushobozi bwawe bwo gukora buri munsi.
Abakozi bita ku buzima bwo mu mutwe bakoresha igitabo kirimo indwara zo mu mutwe n’ibyiciro byazo, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5th edition" (DSM-5) gikubiyemo ibimenyetso byihariye kuri buri ndwara y’ umuhangayiko.
Ubuvuzi bw’ indwara z’ umuhangayiko
Indwara z’ umuhangayiko zishobora kuvurwa hifashishijwe uburyo butandukanye, burimo:
Uburyo bw’ ibiganiro
Kuvura indwara zo mu mutwe hifashishijwe uburyo bw’ ibiganiro bishobora gufasha umuntu ufite Indwara z’ umuhangayiko kwiga kugenzura amarangamutima, ibitekerezo n’ imyitwarire agira iyo ahangayitse. Bumwe mu buvuzi bufasha abafite ibibazo by’ umuhangayiko, ni ubuvuzi bw’ imitekerereze n’ imyitwarire. Ubu buryo bwibanda ku gufasha umuntu kumenya ibitekerezo bidakwiye bishobora gutera indwara y’ umuhangayiko.
Uburyo bwo kwereka cyangwa kwegereza umuntu ikimutera ubwoba burakoreshwa cyane. Muri ubu buryo, abantu begerezwa, berekwa cyangwa bashyirwa mu bintu bibatera ubwoba, akenshi bikajyana n’ uburyo bwo kuruhura umubiri kugira ngo umuntu amenyere icyo kintu kuko akenshi nta bwoba gitera abandi. Urugero: guhagarara hejuru y’ inzu ndende, gukora ku gitagangurirwa, n' ibindi.
Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko ubuvuzi bw’ imitekerereze n’ imyitwarire bigira umumaro munini iyo havurwa indwara z’ umuhangayiko. Bushobora kandi gukoresha havurwa indwara z’ ihungabana n’ ubwoba burangwa mu ndwara ya obsessive-compulsive disorder (indwara irangwa n’ ibitekerezo cyangwa imigenzo yisubiramo)
Imiti
Hari imiti muganga ashobora kukwandikira ikaba yagabanya ibimenyetso by’ umuhangayiko. Iyo miti irimo:
Imiti y’ agahinda: iyi miti ifasha mu guhindura uburyo imisemburo yo mu bwonko ikora, igafasha kugabanya ibimenyetso by’ umuhangayiko.
Benzodiazepines: ni imiti y’ umuhangayiko ikoreshwa mu gihe gito ku bantu bagaragaje ibimenyetso by’ umujagararo.
Beta-blockers: iyi miti ubusanzwe ikoreshwa mu kuvura umuvuduko ukabije w’amaraso, ndetse nayo ikoreshwa mu kuvura ibimenyetso by’ indwara z’ umuhangayiko.
ICYITONDERWA: iyi miti ikoreshwa gusa iyo yanditswe na muganga kandi igafatwa ku rugero ruhuye n’ urwo yavuze.
Uburyo bwagufasha
Uburyo butandukanye
bwo guhangana n’ umuhangayiko burimo kugabanya ingano ya caffeine (iboneka mu ikawa), kuruhuka bihagije no gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri.
Ubushakashatsi bumwe bwagaragaje ko imyitozo ngororamubiri igabanya ibimenyetso by’ umuhangayiko kandi ni uburyo bukoreshwa cyane n’abaganga mu kuvura abafite ibyo bibazo.
Uburyo bwo kugabanya umujagararo(stress) harimo guhumeka, yoga no kuruhura imitsi nabwo bushobora kwifashishwa mu kugabanya umuhangayiko.
Niba ufite indwara y’ umuhangayiko, ubuvuzi burahari bwo kugufasha kubaho mu buzima bwawe wishimye.
Wibuke ko, ubuvuzi bw’ ibanze bushobora gutangwa mu gihe wowe cyangwa umuganga atari yabona uburyo nyirizina buzakoreshwa. Wihangane kandi ubwize ukuri inzobere igufasha kubona no gukora gahunda izagufasha bitewe n’ icyo ukeneye.


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Inyigisho yo ku wa gatatu w’Icyumweru cya gatatu cya Adventi, Ku wa 14 Ukuboza 2016
Bavandimwe, Yezu Kristu akuzwe!
Dukomeje urugendo rwacu tugana ibyishimo bya Noheli. Dufate akanya tuzirikane amasomo Liturujiya y’uyu munsi yaduteguriye. Ndifuza kugaruka ku Ivanjili ya none n’ubwo ari igice kimwe cy’iyo twazirikanye ku cyumweru gishize.
Nyuma yo gutegurira inzira Umukiza mu nyigisho zikomeye zakanguraga rubanda no mu kubabatirisha amazi kugira ngo bisubireho (Mt 3, 1-12; Mk 1, 1-8; Lk 3. 1-18); nyuma yo kwamagana amahano ya Herodi wari waracyuye Herodiya umugore wa murumuna we (Mt 14, 3-4) no gucyaha uwo mutware kubera ibindi bibi byinshi yakoraga (Lk3, 19), Yohani Batisita yaje kujugunywa mu buroko. Wari umusaraba uremereye yari ahetse; we wazize kuvuga ukuri n’ubutabera by’Imana; we wabaye ijwi ry’uvugira mu butayu, rivuga riti “Nimutegure inzira ya Nyagasani” (Mt 3, 4).
Muri ako kababaro k’iminyururu yari imuboshye n’ingoyi yari ariho, muri iryo curaburindi ry’uburoko; mu kumva amajwi y’abarinda gereza bamuseka, bamuha urw’amenyo kandi bamunnyega; mu kwikanga imirindi y’abaje kumuca umutwe, nta gushidikanya ko Yohani Batisita yasubuje amaso inyuma, agatekereza ubutumwa yakoze, ishyaka yagiriye Uhoraho, ukwigomwa, imbaraga n’ubwitange yagarageje ategura inzira z’Umukiza Yezu Kristu, akagera n’aho amwerekana ndetse akamwegurira abigishwa be babiri (Yh 1, 19-39). Mu kuzirikana ibyo byose, yarebye aho yari ari: mu mazi abira; ni ko gutuma abigishwa be kuri Yezu ngo bamubaze bati “Mbese ni wowe Wa wundi ugomba kuza, cyangwa dutegereze undi?” (Lk 7, 20).
Twumvise igisubizo cya Yezu: “Nimugende mubwire Yohani ibyo mwabonye n’ibyo mumvise…” (Lk 7, 22). Ni igisubizo kimara impugenge n’ugushidikanya Integuza ye. Ni igisubizo gisa nk’aho kimubwira kiti: “Komera ntumwa y’Imana, komera Nteguza yanjye. Wishidikanya. Rwose ni jye wagombaga kuza. Ntiwagokeye ubusa. Ntiwavomeye mu rutete. Ubuhanuzi bwawe n’ubw’abakubanjirije burimo buruzuzwa. Kandi ubaye Integuza yanjye kugera ku ndunduro kuko uwo musaraba uhetse nanjye umunsi umwe nzawuheka!”
Nyuma yo kumuha ibisobanuro bifatika by’uko nta kindi akora uretse kuzuza ibyahanuwe, Yezu yongeyeho ijambo nterahirwe: “Hahirwa utazatsitara ku mpamvu yanjye” (Lk 7, 23). Ni kenshi Yezu Kristu mu Ivanjili ye, atwereka abahire abo ari bo. Tuzi abo Matayo na Luka batubwira, abo Yezu yavuze muri ya nyigisho yatanze ari ku musozi (Mt 5, 1-12; Lk 6, 20-26). Ariko abahire ni benshi. Hari ahandi henshi mu Nkuru nziza Yezu avuga abahire. Uyu munsi yatubwiye andi magambo nterahirwe atubwira n’uwo agenewe: utazatsitra ku mpamvu ye.
Bavandimwe, hari igihe natwe tumera nka Yohani Batisita uri mu buroko kandi ubaza Yezu niba ari we wagombaga kuza koko. Ni kenshi mu buzima bwacu dushidikanya, tukabura amizero, kandi tugacika intege, cyane cyane igihe dusumbirijwe n’imisaraba n’ibibazo by’ubuzima. Ni kenshi twibaza niba Imana ibaho koko, igihe dusaba ariko tukabona isa nk’aho yicecekeye, itwirengagiza, idusaba gutegereza igihe kirekire cyangwa igasa n’aho itumva induru yacu kandi tuyitabariza ngo idutabare cyangwa iturenganure. Imbere y’akarengane kagirirwa abanyantege nke, imbere y’ikibi gihabwa intebe, imbere y’intambara z’urudaca zimena amaraso, hari ubwo duhungabana mu kwemera twibaza niba Umukiza yaraje koko muri iyi isi yacu. Hari ubwo twibaza tuti: Niba Imana iriho koko, kuki ireka impinja zipfa, intungane zigirirwa nabi, abagome bidegembya, abakene bakandamizwa, indwara z’ibyorezo ziyongera kandi ntizibonerwe umuti? Hari igihe ishyaka, ubutumwa n’urukundo tugirira Nyagasani bitera imbuto tuba tubitegerejeho, maze tugasa nk’aho ducitse intege.
Bavandimwe, muri ibyo bihe byose bitubuza uburyo mu kwemera kwacu, Nyagasani ntatubuza kumubaza nk’uko Yohani Batisita yamubajije: “Mbese ni wowe Wawundi ugomba kuza, cyangwa se dutegereze undi?” Ariko adusaba gutera akandi gatambwe: kumurangamira we ubwe, tuzirikana ubuzima bwe, ubutumwa bwe, inyigisho ze n’ibikorwa bye. Ibyo tubisanga mu Byanditswe Bitagatifu, cyane cyane mu Ivanjili. Yezu Kristu adusaba kandi kwakira iri jambo rye nterahirwe: “Kandi hahirwa utazatsitara ku mpamvu yanjye”.
Dusabe Roho Mutagatifu adufashe kwakira Yezu Kristu nk’uko Imana yamuduhaye. Ni We rwose wagombaga kuza. Ni We rwose Mukiza wacu. Mutagatifu Yohani w’Umusaraba duhimbaza none na we adusabire, we uduhamagarira guhora duhanze amaso Kristu, kuko muri We tubonamo ibirenze ibyo tumusaba kandi tumwifuzaho.
Muzagire mwese Noheli nziza n’Umwaka mushya muhire w’2017.
Yateguwe na Padiri Balthazar NTIVUGURUZWA
Seminari Nkuru ya Nyakibanda


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Isomo rya 1: Abahebureyi 12, 4-7.11-15
Bavandimwe, ntimurarwana bigeze aho kuvushwa amaraso mu ntambara y’icyaha murimo, kandi mwiyibagije inama yabagiriwe kimwe n’abana ngo «Mwana wanjye, ntukange ko Nyagasani aguhana, cyangwa ngo ucogozwe n’uko agucyashye; kuko Nyagasani ahana abo akunda, agacyaha uwo yemereye kuba umwana we bwite.» Ububabare bwanyu bugenewe kubagorora, kandi lmana ibafata nk’abana bayo. Ni uwuhe mwana rero udakosorwa na se? Nanone nta we uhita ashimishwa n’igihano, ahubwo kiramubabaza; nyuma y’aho ariko, abo cyagoroye kibabyarira imbuto y’amahoro n’ubutungane. (Ni yo mpamvu handitswe ngo) « Nimukomeze rero ibiganza bidandabirana n’amavi ajegajega; kandi mutegurire ibirenge byanyu amayira agororotse», kugira ngo ucumbagurika adahinyagara, ahubwo akurizeho gukira. Nimuharanire kugirana amahoro n’abantu bose, no gutunga ubutungane kuko utabufite atazigera abona Imana. Muramenye ntihazagire n’umwe usaguka ku ngabire y’Imana, ntihazamere kandi muri mwe ingemwe isharira yabatera imidugararo, maze ikanduza imbaga yose.
Zaburi ya 102(103),1-2,13-14, 17-18a
R/Impuhwe z’Uhoraho zikomerezwa abamutinya, ubuziraherezo.
Mutima wanjye, singiza Uhoraho,
n’icyo ndi cyo cyose gisingize izina rye ritagatifu!
Mutima wanjye, singiza Uhoraho,
kandi ntiwibagirwe na kimwe mu byo yaguhaye
Uko umubyeyi agirira ibambe abana be,
Ni ko Uhoraho agirira ibambe abamutinya;
koko azi neza icyo twabumbwemo,
akibuka ko turi umukungugu.
Naho impuhwe z’Uhoraho zikomerezwa abamutinya,
kuva iteka kuzageza iteka ryose,
n’ubutabera bwe bugahora ku bana
no ku buzukuru b’abakomeza lsezerano rye.
Ivanjili ya Mutagatifu Mariko 6, 1-6
Muri icyo gihe, Yezu ajya mu karere k’iwabo, abigishwa be baramukurikira. Isabato igeze, atangira kwigishiriza mu isengero. Abenshi ngo bamwumve baratangara cyane bati «Biriya avuga byose abikura he? Buriya buhanga afite, na biriya bitangaza akora, abikomora he? Uriya si wa mubaji tuzi, mwene Mariya ; akaba umuvandimwe wa Yakobo na Yozeto, na Yuda na Simoni? Na bashiki be ntitubatunze?» Ibyo bibabera intandaro yo kumwanga. Yezu arababwira ati «Nta handi umuhanuzi asuzugurwa uretse mu gihugu cye, muri bene wabo, no mu rugo iwabo.» Ntiyashobora kuhakorera igitangaza na kimwe, uretse gukiza abarwayi bakeya abaramburiraho ibiganza. Maze atangazwa no kutemera kwabo. Yazengurukaga insisiro zihegereye yigisha.


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Umunsi w’imirimo myiza ni igitekerezo cy’umucuruzikazi akaba n’umuterankunga w’ibikorwa byiza, Shari Arison, cyatangijwe kandi gitegurwa guhera mu mwaka w’2007 n’umuryango utegamiye kuri Leta Ruach Tova, rimwe mu mashami y’ibikorwa by’umuryango utera inkunga wa Ted Arison, ishami ry’ibikorwa by’ubugiraneza by’Itsinda rigari rya Arison. Shari Arison yagize ati: “Nizera ko abantu batekereje byiza, bakavuga neza kandi bagakora byiza, uruhererekane rw’ibyiza rwakwaguka ku isi. Umunsi w’imirimo myiza wabaye umuyoboro wo kugira neza no gutanga kandi uyu mwaka abantu ku giti cyabo, abanyeshuli, abasilikare ndetse n’abakozi bo mu bigo by’ubucuruzi binyuranye bifatanya mu munsi ngarukamwaka w’imirimo myiza bafite intego yo kugirira neza abandi
Umunsi w’imirimo myiza uri gukwira mu is yose kandi vuba !
Kuva utangijwe mu mwaka w’2007. Umuco ngarukamwaka w’ibikorwa byiza wavuye ku bawizihiza 7000 mu w’2007 bo mu gihugu cya Isiraheli ugera hafi kuri miliyoni imwe mu mwaka w’2015. Watangiye kwizihizwa ku rwego rw’isi mu mwaka w’2011 cyane cyane mu mijyi 10 ikomeye mpuzamahanga, yiganjemo cyane iyo muri Leta Zunze ubumwe z’Amerika, Icyo gihe Umunsi w’imirimo myiza watangiye kuba umunsi uhuza abantu mu isi yose. Mu mwaka w’2012, twawutangije mu burayi dufatanyije na MTV Global mu gikorwa cy’ubukangurambaga bw’ibyumweru bitandatu twifashishije imiyoboro yabo ya murandasi, imbuga nkoranyambaga ndetse na Televiziyo, byatumye tugeza ubutumwa bwo kugira neza ku barenga miliyoni 24 bakurikira iyo miyoboro ku isi yose. Mu w’2013, abakorerabushake 16,000 baturuka mu bihugu 50 bagize uruhare mu mishinga amagana, harimo no gutangiza ku mugaragaro hamwe na ABC Network mu mujyi wa New York City. Umwaka wakurikiyeho wa 2014, Kwizihiza Umunsi w’imirimo myiza byikubye kabiri, dufatanyije nanone ku nshuro ya kabiri yikurikiranye na ABC Network NYC, hamwe kandi n’imiryango n’amashyirahamwe y’abakorerabushake mu kwagura ubukangurambaga twifashishije za TV, radio, n’imbuga nkoranyambaga. Abantu 500,000 bizihije uwo munsi muri Isiraheli abandi bagera ku 35,000 barawizihiza ku isi yose.
Umunsi w’imirimo myiza wakomeje kwaguka kugeza aho wizihijwe n’abantu benshi kugeza ubu ku itariki ya 7 Mata 2019 n’abantu 3,900,000 baturuka mu bihugu 108, bakoze imirimo ihwanye n’amasaha arenga miliyoni 7,8
ZIRIKANA AYA MATARIKI!
Umunsi w’imirimo myiza mu mwaka w’2020 uzizihizwa tariki ya 29 Werurwe.
Umunsi w’imirimo myiza mu mwaka w’2021 uzizihizwa tariki ya 11 Mata.
Umunsi w’imirimo myiza mu mwaka w’2022 uzizihizwa tariki ya 3 Mata
Umunsi w’imirimo myiza mu mwaka w’2023 uzizihizwa tariki ya 16 Mata)
Umunsi w’imirimo myiza wizihizwa ku isi yose binyuze mu bafanyabikorwa bo mu bihugu cyangwa abaduhagarariye
Aho wabariza: Sekamana Archimede, Uhagarariye Umunsi w’imirimo myiza mu Rwanda
imeyili: rwandagooddeedsday@gmail.com


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Kohereza amafaranga wifashishije telefone ntubashe kuyasubirana wibeshye, bikwiye gukemurwa
Iki ni kimwe mu byifuzo abagura serivise hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga bagaragaje tariki 15 Werurwe 2019, ubwo hizihizwaga umunsi mpuzamahanga w’umuguzi.
Uyu munsi wizihirijwe mu ishami rya Kaminuza y’u Rwanda ry’i Huye, wagenderaga ku nsanganyamatsiko ivuga ngo ‘Ibicuruzwa by’ikoranabuhanga byizewe.’
Umwe mu bitabiriye kwizihiza uyu munsi yavuze ko hari igihe umuntu ashaka koherereza undi amafaranga hifashishijwe telefone akibeshya nomero ayoherezaho, ubwo amafaranga akayabura burundu.
Hari n’uwagaragaje ko hari igihe guhamagara hifashishijwe telefone bicikagurika, ibi bikaba bidashimisha ababa batanze amafaranga yabo mu kugura iyi serivise.
Christian Tuyishimire, umukozi mu Kigo Ngenzuramikorere, RURA, yifuje ko abagize ibibazo ibyo ari byo byose by’itumanaho bajya babibabwira. Ati “Ntabwo twagera ahantu hose, ariko abantu bagiye batubwira ibitabagendekeye neza twabafasha kubikemura.”
Naho ku bijyanye no kutabasha kugarura amafaranga igihe umuntu yayohereje ahatari ho, ngo baracyiga ukuntu bazagikemura.
Mu bindi bitanogera umuguzi mu bijyanye n’ikoranabuhanga byagaragajwe, harimo icyo kuba abantu basabwa kwishyura serivisi za Leta babinyujije mu mabanki, hanyuma ugiye kwishyura kuri konti ya serivisi runaka ya Leta agacibwa amafaranga.
Hari no kuba hari ubusumbane mu kugura amakarita yifashishwa mu kubikuza (ATM Cards), ndetse no kuba hari igihe ibyuma bibikurizwaho amafaranga biba bidakora, hanyuma umuntu yajya muri banki imbere agacibwa amafaranga aruta ayo yari gucibwa iyo yifashisha ikarita kandi ikosa atari irye.
Uwitwa Emmanuel Kagisha yagize ati “Iyo nguze ikintu twemeranyijwe ko uri bukingezeho, hakaba ingorane zituma utanga amafaranga arenga ayo wateganyaga kugira ngo ukingezeho, ni wowe uhomba, si njyewe kuko mba namaze kukwishyura.”
Yungamo ati “N’icyuma cya ATM cyapfuye, nkajya gufatira amafaranga imbere muri banki, ntibagombye kunyishyuza amafaranga yo gufatira amafaranga imbere muri banki, ari na yo menshi, kuko ikosa atari iryanjye.”
Jean Claude Sekamondo ukora muri Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda wari waje kwizihiza umunsi w’umuguzi yavuze ko umuntu ataba akwiye gucibwa amafaranga y’umurengera kubera icyuma kibikurirwaho amafaranga kiba kitari gukora, ko aba akwiye kujya kureba umucungamutungo wa banki akabimufashamo.
Igihe kandi atanyuzwe, haba muri ibi birebana na serivisi atahawe neza ndetse n’ibindi bibazo yagiranye na banki aba akwiye kwegera Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda.
Ati “Iyo mufitanye ibibazo n’ibigo by’imari mujye mutwegera tubahuze, tubafashe kubikemura. Ariko iyo ari ikibazo gikomeye umuturage tumugira inama yo kugana inkiko.”
Naho ku bijyanye n’ubusumbane bw’amafaranga yakwa abagana amabanki, abantu ngo baba bagomba gushakisha amakuru, hanyuma bakajya ahabahendukiye.
Ubundi, ngo umuguzi afite uburenganzira bwo guhabwa amakuru ku bicuruzwa, uburenganzira bwo gutegwa amatwi n’abacuruzi bakanamuha ibicuruzwa byiza kandi bifite ubuziranege. Ubu burenganzira, abaguzi baba bagomba kubuharanira.


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Kuri uyu wa Gatandatu, tariki ya 30 Mata 2022, kuri Kigali Arena mu Karere ka Gasabo, Umujyi wa Kigali habereye Inama Nkuru ya 15 y’Umuryango FPR-INKOTANYI iyobowe na Nyakubahwa KAGAME Paul, Perezida wa Repubulika y’u Rwanda akaba na Chairman w’Umuryango FPR-INKOTANYI.
Kuri gahunda y’inama hari ingingo zikurikira:
- Ijambo rya Nyakubahwa Perezida wa Repubulika y’u Rwanda akaba na Chairman w’Umuryango FPR-INKOTANYI ritangiza inama.
- Kugezwaho Raporo y’ibikorwa kuva mu mwaka wa 2019 kugeza muri Werurwe 2022 na gahunda y’ibikorwa by’umwaka wa 2022-2023 by’Umuryango FPR-INKOTANYI.
- Kugezwaho Raporo y’Ubugenzuzi bwakozwe na Komite Ngenzuzi ku mikorere y’Inzego z’Umuryango FPR-INKOTANYI n’Imikoreshereze y’Umutungo wayo mu myaka ya 2019-2020 na 2020-2021.
- Kugezwaho ibiganiro ku ngingo zikurikira:
- Ubukungu muri ibi bihe bya Covid-19.
- Imibereho myiza y’umuturage mu iterambere twifuza.
5. Kwemeza Imyanzuro y’Inama Nkuru ya 15 y’Umuryango FPR-INKOTANYI.
6.Ijambo rya Nyakubahwa Chairman w’Umuryango FPR-INKOTANYI risoza inama.
Mu ijambo ritangiza inama, Nyakubahwa Perezida wa Repubulika akaba na Chairman w’Umuryango FPR-INKOTANYI yashimiye abitabiriye inama by’umwihariko Intumwa zaturutse mu Mitwe ya Politiki yemewe mu Rwanda, Abanyarwanda baba hanze y’Igihugu, Abikorera, Urubyiruko n’abandi bitabiriye iyi Nama Nkuru.
Chairman yashimiye Abanyarwanda uruhare bagize mu gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba zo gukumira no kurwanya icyorezo cya Covid-19, aboneraho no kwifatanya n’imiryango y’ababuze ababo bahitanywe n’icyo cyorezo.
Yashimye ibyagezweho n’Umuryango FPR-INKOTANYI, yibutsa Abayobozi ko Abanyarwanda babagiriye ikizere babatora, akaba ari inshingano Abayobozi bafite ngo imibereho y’Abanyarwanda ikomeze gutera imbere. Yibukije ko uyu ari umwanya mwiza wo gusuzuma ibyo twiyemeje gukorera Igihugu cyacu tureba aho cyavuye, aho kigeze, gufata ingamba zo kwiyubaka hagamijwe kwihutisha amajyambere y’Igihugu, guhangana n’ibibazo byose bishobora kuvuka binyuze mu kwishakamo ibisubizo no gukosora aho twagaragaje intege nke hagaragazwa imbogamizi zabiteye kugira ngo hafatwe ingamba zo kubikemura.
Yashimangiye ko Umuryango FPR- INKOTANYI ufite intego y’ingenzi yo kwihutisha amajyambere mu Gihugu kugira ngo uhindure ubuzima bw’Abanyarwanda.
Abitabiriye Inama Nkuru y’Umuryango FPR INKOTANYI:
- Bemeje raporo y’ibikorwa byagezweho kuva mu mwaka wa 2019 kugeza muri Werurwe 2022 na gahunda y’ibikorwa 2022-2023 by’Umuryango FPR-INKOTANYI, bashishikariza buri wese kugira uruhare mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryabyo.
- Bemeje raporo y’ubugenzuzi bwakozwe na Komite Ngenzuzi ku mikorere y’inzego z’Umuryango RPF INKOTANYI n’imikoreshereze y’umutungo wayo mu myaka ya 2019-2020 na 2020-2021, biyemeza kunoza no gukosora ahagaragaye ibitaragenze neza.
- Abagize Inama Nkuru y’Umuryango FPR-INKOTANYI bamaze kungurana ibitekerezo ku ngingo zari kuri gahunda y’Inama bafashe imyanzuro ikurikira:
- Gukomeza kubaka ubushobozi bw’Abanyarwanda kugira ngo bahore biteguye guhangana n’ibibazo bihari n’ibishobora kuvuka, hagamijwe kwishakamo ibisubizo (home grown solutions).
- Kongera ishoramari ritanga imirimo hibandwa ku bikorerwa imbere mu Gihugu, kubyongerera ubwiza, kubikunda no kubikoresha, ndetse no kwagura amasoko yabyo mu bindi bihugu.
- Kwihutisha kubaka uruganda rutunganya ibikoresho bituruka ku mpu by’umwihariko inkweto.
- Kongera ingano y’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga, gushaka uburyo haboneka indege zitwara imizigo (cargo) no kongera ibyumba bikonjesha (cold rooms).
- Gukemura burundu imbogamizi zikigaragara mu mitangire ya serivisi cyane cyane mu rwego rw’amahoteli no gufata ingamba zo gukurikirana uko bishyirwa mu bikorwa mu Gihugu hose.
- Kongera ibikorwa remezo muri rusange by’umwihariko mu rwego rw’uburezi n’ubuzima (amashuri, ibigo bitanga serivisi z’ubuvuzi…) hakanitabwa mu bice byegereye imipaka y’u Rwanda ku buryo abaturiye imipaka babonera serivisi zose bakenera mu Gihugu ntibajye kuzishakira hanze yacyo.
- Kubungabunga ibidukikije nka bumwe mu buryo bwo kongera umusaruro ukomoka mu buhinzi turwanya isuri mu Gihugu hose, aho bikenewe Abanyarwanda bagahabwamo imirimo ibafasha kwivana mu bukene.
- Kurushaho gukemura ibibazo bibangamiye imibereho myiza y’umuryango harimo amakimbirane mu muryango, kudohoka ku nshingano yo gukurikirana uburere bw’abana, imirire mibi itera igwingira ry’abana n’indwara zitandukanye, isuku nke, abana bata ishuri, ikoreshwa ry’ibiyobyabwenge n’ingaruka ziterwa n’ibyo bibazo.
- Gukomeza gukangurira urubyiruko n’Abanyarwanda muri rusange gukumira no kwirinda indwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina n’inda ziterwa abangavu.
- Guca burundu ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina n’ibikorwa bijyanye n’icuruzwa ry’abantu, ababigiramo uruhare bagakurikiranwa n’Inzego z’ubutabera.
- Kongerera ubushobozi inzego z’ibanze kugira ngo zirusheho kunoza ibyo zikora ndetse no gushyira umuturage ku isonga.
Bikorewe i Kigali ku wa 30 Mata 2022


text:
Korali Family of Singers bateguye igitaramo bitiriye ‘Umuryango Mwiza’
Nabaye KANYABUNYOBWA, Ncuruza bombo na Shikarette ku myaka 14 – Aline GAHONGAYIRE atanze inama ku rubyiruko
Umuramyi w’umunyarwanda Aline GAHONGAYIRE yavuze ko atwika akinjiza aho kwimanukira. Yavuze uko yahuye n’ibigeragezo kandi agafata inshingano zo kwibeshaho akiri muto cyane. Aho ku myaka ye 14 yacuruzaga bombo na shikarete ngo abone amaramuko.
Mu kiganiro yahaye urubyiruko kigaragara kuri shene ya Televisiyo ya youtube ya Nkundagospel, yagarutse ku mateka ye n’ibigeragezo yanyuzemo kuva mu buto bwe kugeza ubu. Aha, yavuze ku myaka ye 15 yari afite ibihumbi cumi na bitanu 15000 rwf ariko ku myaka ye 18 yari afite 1,000,000, rwf .Yagarutse ku bigeragezo byamubayeho, akangururira urubyiruko kwihanganira ibibagerageza mu mirimo bakora mu itorero ariko bakanakura amaboko mu mifuka bagakora.
Yagarutse ku bikomere afite aho urupfu rw’umwana we rwamushenguye cyane ubwo yabwirwaga ko yabyaye umwana wapfuye bikamunanira kubyakira ariko agatera indirimbo asingiza Imana. Yavuze kandi ukuntu yageragejwe n’umushumba w’Itorero mu rusengero akiri muto ariko bitwewe n’uko yabyinaga bikarangira urukweto rumucikiyeho agasohorwa mu rusengero ariko byose ntibumuce intege mu gukomeza gukora umurimo wa Kristo hano ku isi.
Aline GAHONGAYIRE yatangiye kuyobora Chorale afite imyaka 12. Aha, kandi yagiye ashyirwa muri komite z’urubyiruko mu itorero, nyuma aza no kuzibera umuyobozi. Ubu ni umuyobozi w’umuryango wa Ndineza Organization aho awuyoboye imyaka 8.
Yakomeje asaba urubyiruko byumwihariko abakobwa abasaba gukoresha imvugo ya”Oya”igihe bahuye n’ibshuko kuko nibatabikora ababashuka bazabata basange abavuze oya .
Yakomeje asaba abasore ko na bo bagomba gukoresha imvugo ya “ Oya” birinda kugwa mu bihombo.mu gukomeza kubaho, urubyiruko rugomba gusaba umwuka wera akabafsha mu mibereho yabo. Kuko iyo usenze byose birashoboka.
Mu kiganiro cyamaze hafi iminota 50, yasabye urubyiruko kubyaza umusaruro amahirwe rufite. Arusaba kwiheraho, gukoresha imbuga nkoranyambaga mu buryo bwo kwinjiza aho kuzikoresha bakora ibitajyanye . yababwiye ko ibanga ryo gutera imbere ari ukwiyibuka., kuko iyo wibuze urapfa. Yasabye kandi abarokore bose kwisuhuza mbere yo gushuza abandi hanyuma bakabona gutanga icy obo bafite.
Ubuzima bwose tubamo bushingiye ku gusenga. Mureke ibyo dukora byose haba turirirmba cyangwa se ibyo dukora byose dushingire ku guha Imana umwanya mu mitima yacu. Yasoje asaba ko kuvuga ukuri ari ingenzi mu byo tuvuga n’ibyo dukora kandi ko ibyo dutunze byose ntacyo bimaze ahubwo dukwiye kubanza kubaka aho tugana. Kuko nibirangira na Yesu Kristo azatugenderera mu byo dukora byose.


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Korali Family of Singers bateguye igitaramo bitiriye ‘Umuryango Mwiza’
Umuramyi Ben Kwizera yashyize hanze indirimbo yise “Niwe Mugenga yongera kwibutsa abantu ko Imana ariyo igena byose
Umuramyi Ben Kwizera yasohoye amashusho y’indirimbo ye “Niwe mugenga” ni ndirimbo yongera kubwira abantu ko nta muntu wakwishoboza usibye Imana.
Kwizera niyo ndirimbo ya mbere akoze y’amashusho muri uyu mwaka ikaba indirimbo ya gatanu amaze gukora nyuma yuko asohoye izindi nka “Ningerayo,Niutse ,Murinzi na Ntegamatwi. Ni umuhanzi ukomeje kugaragara imbaraga mu muziki uhimbaza Imana.
Mu kiganiro Ben Kwizera yagiranye na NKUNDAGOSPEL avuga ko iyi ndirimbo yayikoze ashaka kwibutsa abantu ko Imana ariyo ishoboye mu bintu byose kandi n’Imana y’imbabazi nyinshi.
Yagize ati “ubutumwa burimo muri iyi ndirimbo yibutsa abantu ko ntacyo bakwishoboza cyangwa bakwigezaho atari Imana ibigennye_kandi irimo n’ubutumwa bwibutsa abantu ko Yesu akiri ku ntebe imbabazi ko atugirira neza atitaye kubicumuro byacu”.
Akomeza avuga ko icya muteye kwandika iyi ndirimbo aruko yabonye ko akenshi mu isi ibyo umuntu aruhira birangira atabigezeho kandi aba yagerageze uko ashoboye ariko ntabigereho yemeza ko Imana ariyo igena byose.
Ati “icyanteye kuyandika nuko narebye urugendo umuntu agirira mu isi mu buzima bwa buri munsi ashakisha kuba yaterimbere ariko akenshi ntabigereho uko yifuza mbita mbonako ari Imana igena byose. gahunda nugukora cyane nkamamaza ubutumwa bwiza Bwa Yesu bukabasha kugera kure kandi ngomba gukora indirimbo ziri mu ndimi zitandukanya cyane icyongereza, igiswahili kugira ngo n’abakunzi banjye batabasha kumva ikinyarwanda nabo bumve ubutumwa ntanga”
Ben Kwizera yakuze akunda kuririmba cyane. Gusa ntibyahise bimukundira ko ahita abikora kuko yashyize hanze indirimbo ya mbere 2019.kugeza ubu amaze kugira indirimbo 5 iyakunzwe cyane yitwa “NTEGAMATWI” gusa irimo ubutumwa buhumuriza umugenzi Uri mu rugendo rujya mu ijuru_kugeza ubu muzika ye igenda yaguka kandi afite intego yo gukorana n’abandi bahanzi mu Rwanda, ndetse no hanze yarwo kugirango ubutumwa atanga bugere hose.
REBA HANO INdIRIMBO NSHYA YA BEN KWIZERA


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Burera : Abahinzi barasaba kugira uruhare rufatika mu mihigo
Bamwe mu bahinzi bo mu Mirenge y’Akarere ka Burera gaherereye mu Ntara y’Amajyaruguru, bavuga ko kutagira uruhare mu gutegura imihigo y’ubuhinzi bituma batabona umusaruro uhagije. Bavuga ko gahunda ijyanye n’ubuhinzi yajya ibanza kugirwamo uruhare n’abayikora aho kuva mu nzego zo hejuru ijya hasi.
Byatangajwe kuwa 04 Werurwe 2022 mu kiganiro “Urubuga rw’abaturage n’abayobozi” cyateguwe ku bufatanye n’umuryango urwanya ruswa n’akarengane ishami ry’u Rwanda (Transparency International Rwanda) n’umuryango w’abanyamakuru baharanira amahoro PAX PRESS ndetse n’abaturage bo muri imwe mu mirenge igize akarere ka Burera : Kagogo, Cyanika, Kinyababa na Gahunga. Ikiganiro cyateguwe muri gahunda y’umushinga ugamije gufasha abafatanyabikorwa kujya inama y’ibikenewe byafasha umuturage kwihutisha iterambere yongera umusaruro mu buhinzi bwe kugira ngo bugere no ku iterambere ryifuzwa na we abigizemo uruhare.
Bamwe mu baturage bari baje muri icyo kiganiro bagaragaje ko imihigo itegurirwa mu nzego zo hejuru ikabazanirwa ngo bayishyire mu bikorwa, mu gihe yagakwiriye gutegurwa n’abaturage igezwa ku bayobozi. Ryarugabe Evariste wo mu murenge wa Gahunga yagize ati”umurenge cyangwa akarere uzana imihigo ukayibwira agronome, na we akatubwira cyane cyane nko muri saison icyo tugomba guhinga, ariko mu by’ukuri umuturage nta ruhare aba yabigizemo”. Yakomeje asaba ku bijyanye n’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi ko imihigo yajya itangirira iwabo ati ” akaba aritwe dutangira noneho imihigo ikazamuka, aho kugira ngo ive hejuru imanuke ize iwacu, ahubwo ikava hasi ikazamuka. “
Ibiciro bigenwa hatitawe ku gishoro cy’umuhinzi
Ryarugabe Evariste yavuze kandi ko kugena igiciro cy’umusaruro w’ibyo bejeje nta ruhare umuhinzi abigiramo. Ati “Minagri iragenda ikicara ikabara igishoro mu by’ukuri umuturage nta ruhare yagize mu kubara icyo gishoro ; ikaza noneho ikabibara uhereye ku murima, ku mbuto gutyo bakavuga bati wenda ibirayi bizagurishwa amafaranga 200 bigeze Nyabugogo, ariko wowe wabara uko washoye ugasanga wararengeje 200frws”.
Maniriho Iyanze Jean Damascène ni agro-dealer wo mu murenge wa Kagogo. Na we avuga ko umuturage yagombye kugira uruhare mu kugena igiciro kubera ko akenshi ari we uzi ibyo yashoye mu butaka. Ati”iyo hamanutse ngo ikiro cy’ibirayi ni 200frws, umuturage wagiye akagura ifumbire, akagura umuti w’ibiro 5, akagura umurima cyangwa akawukodesha, kumubwira ko ikiro ari amafaranga 200 ni ukubura uko yabigenza. Arabitanga nyine kuko nta handi aba arabishyira”.
Imbuto bahinga ntibazisobanukiwe
Zimwe mu ngaruka abahinzi bagarukaho zo kutagira uruhare mu mihigo ijyanye n’ubuhinzi bakora, ni nk’aho usanga bahabwa imbuto batabanje gusobanurirwa uko iteye hakaba ubwo yanze kwera; bagasaba guhindurirwa cyangwa kubanza kugerageza imbuto ngo itazanga kwera igahomya abahinzi. Asumani Inosenti wo mu Murenge wa Kinyababa yavuze ko imbuto y’ibigori ya RHM1520 abayihinze mu murenge atuyemo hari n’abataririwe bajya gusarura. Ati “babanze bavugurure imbuto y’ibigori kuko nk’abahinze RHM1520 hari abantu batigeze bajya no gusoroma, ntiyeze yabaye ikibazo!” Yakomeje avuga ko kugira ngo abantu bahinge amahegitari bagaheruka bahinga na bwo ari ikibazo. Ati”imbuto zigomba kwigwaho neza. Baza no kubisura nagiye mbabwira ko bajya baza kugerageza mu gace kacu, imbuto nimubona ihera muyizane nimubona itahera muyireke, uyu mwaka twarahombye cyane”.
Bucyeyeneza Bernard wo mu Kagari ka Kayenzi mu Murenge wa Kagogo, yavuze ko imbuto bahinga usanga ahanini batazisobanukiwe. Ati”yaba PANAL, HYBRIDE, …ibintu nk’ibyo ntabwo twebwe abaturage tubisobanukiwe, ahubwo tubwirwa amakuru ngo nimujye gufata imbuto ku mujyanama w’ubuhinzi uzana inyongeramusaruro”. Akomeza avuga ko imbuto bahasanze ariyo bafata. Ati” mbese tugenda turi no gutanguranwa ngo tudasanga bayimaze; ari nayo mpamvu wumvise uwo mu Kinyababa yavuze ngo niyo twafashe yahindutse ubwatsi bw’inka nta musaruro yatanze”.
Kugira uruhare mu mihigo
Umukozi w’umuryango w’abahinzi n’aborozi mu Rwanda IMBARAGA, akaba n’umuhuzabikorwa wawo mu Ntara y’Amajyaruguru, Denis Munzuyarwo, nawe yagarutse kuri zimwe mu mbuto zahawe abaturage ariko ntizitange umusaruro, ati” RHM1520 usesenguye ishobora kuba itaba mbi ariko icyagaragaye nuko nta bushakashatsi yakorewe buhagije”. Yakomeje avuga ko ikwiye gukorerwa igeragezwa mu duce dutandukanye ati”aho itarageragezwa batange imbuto isanzwe ihera kuko zirahari”. Yanavuze kandi ko imihigo abaturage basanzwe bayikora, ariko bakeneye ubufasha. Ati” imiryango ifasha abahinzi mu iterambere ryabo yagakwiriye gufasha abaturage kubara igishobo noneho bagene igiciro, Minagri na Minicom bafashe mu gushyira mu bikorwa cya giciro abahinzi batanzeho igitekerezo.”
Umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa w’umuryango urwanya ruswa n’akarengane ishami ry’u Rwanda (Transparency International Rwanda) Appolinaire Mupiganyi we yavuze ko kuba abaturage barimo kugaragaza ikintu kibabangamiye harimo nk’iyo mbuto itari kwera ibasubiza inyuma mu iterambere ry’urugo n’ubukungu bwabo ari ikintu inzego zirimo na RAB (ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe ubuhinzi n’ubworozi) yakwitaho. Ati”nk’iki kibazo kijyanye n’iyi mbuto, ndumva aho bamaze kuyitera bakomeza bakayisigasira bakareba ko hari ikintu cyavamo, ariko aho itera bashake ibindi bisubizo ntibabasunikire ngo nimuyitere nimuyitere!”


text:
Iyi serivisi nkoranabuhanga yemerera abanyarwanda gusaba inyandiko y’uko umuntu yitabye Imana, wanditse muri sisitemu y’Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Indangamuntu (NIDA). Iyo dosiye iri muri sisitemu y’irangamimerere yanditse mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga (CRVS), amakuru ahita agaragara bidasabye ko usaba serivisi yuzuza umwirondoro.
Usaba ahabwa inyandiko yifuza akimara kwishyura. Nta mukozi w’irangamimerere (CRO) ukenewe; akenerwa iyo usaba atanditse muri CRVS. Iyo usaba ashyizemo imeyili mu gihe asaba iyi serivisi, inyandiko y’ivuka yoherezwa kuri imeyili ye atagombye kuyivana ku rubuga rwa IremboGov.
Iyi serivisi itangwa na Minisiteri y’Ubutegetsi bw’Igihugu (MINALOC).
Kunoza serivisi bitwara umunsi 1 w’akazi, igiciro ni 2,000 Frw.
Ibikenewe:
Usaba agomba kwinjira muri konti ya IremboGov. Kanda hano umenye uko wafungura konti kuri IremboGov cyangwa wegere umu ejenti wa IremboGov uri hafi yawe.
Buri muturarwanda usaba iyi serivisi agomba kuba afite nomero y’indangamuntu cyangwa nomero ya pasiporo ku banyamahanga.
Usaba agomba kuba afite telefone cyangwa imeyili bikora.
Kurikiza izi ntambwe zoroshye ubashe gusaba Inyandiko y’uko umuntu yitabye Imana:
1. Gana www.irembo.gov.rw ukande kuri Kwinjira maze usabe iyi serivisi.
2. Ahanditse Umuryango, kanda kuri Serivisi zihabwa uwitabye Imana.
3. Hitamo serivisi wifuza ari yo “Inyandiko y’uko umuntu yitabye Imana,” ukande kuri Saba.
4. Uzuza Umwirondoro w’usaba serivisi n’amakuru ajyanye n’urupfu. Umwirondoro uhita ugaragara ku ruhande rw’iburyo rwa paji.
Iyo inyandiko y’uko umuntu yitabye Imana isanzwe iri muri CRVS, amakuru ku nyandiko ahita agaragara ku buryo usaba serivisi atagomba kongera kuzuza umwirondoro we. Usaba ahabwa inyandiko ye akimara kwishyura.
5. Kanda kuri Ibikurikira maze ukomeze.
Iyo inyandiko y’uko umuntu atitabye Imana itanditse muri CRVS, usaba yuzuza ibisabwa mu buryo bukurikira:
1. Nyuma yo gukanda kuri Saba, uzuza Umwirondoro w’Usaba serivisi n’Uwitabye Imana, birahita bigaragara ku ruhande rw’iburyo rwa paji.
2. Uzuza Imyirondoro ibiri (2) y’Umuhamya n’Umenyekanisha, irahita igaragara ku ruhande rw’iburyo rwa paji.
3. Uzuza Ibijyanye no gutunganya dosiye. Birahita bigaragara ku ruhande rw’iburyo rwa paji.
4. Shyiraho inyandiko zisabwa mu ngano n’ubuso bikenewe.
5. Kanda kuri Ibikurikira maze ukomeze.
6. Reba ko amakuru watanze ari yo, ushyiremo nomero ya telefone na/cyangwa imeyili (email), urebe kuri paji y’amakuru watanze, maze ukande kuri Emeza.
7. Kode/nomero yo kwishyuriraho (99….) ihita yoherezwa kugira ngo wishyure. Usaba dosiye ashobora kwishyura akoresheje MTN Mobile Money cyangwa Airtel Money, App ya BK, amashami ya BK, aba ejenti ba BK, cyangwa akishyura mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga akoresheje ikarita ya VISA cyangwa MasterCard.
ICYITONDERWA: Nyuma yo gusaba no kwishyura binyuze muri IremboGov, na nyuma y’uko umukozi ushinzwe irangamimerere w’umurenge yabyemeje, usaba yoherezwa ubutumwa bugufi/imeyili bimumenyesha ko inyandiko iboneka kandi ko yayikura ku rubuga rwa IremboGov.
Amakuru azahita avugururwa muri sisitemu ya CRVS. Usaba ntabwo azongera kunyura muri iyo nzira yo kwiyandikisha. Ashobora kandi gukura inyandiko y’uko umuntu yitabye Imana ku rubuga rwa IremboGov.


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Abagenerwabikorwa b’abagore 250 bafashwa n’umushinga UKAM ukorera mukarere ka Bugesera mumurenge wa Ngeruka mu midugudu itandatu ariyo Twimpala, Kalama, Nyakayenzi Kamugera, Rubilizi na Kabumbwe bibumbiye mumatsinda yo kwizigama no kugurizanya bigamije kubakura mubukene.
Mbere yo kwinjira mu gikorwa cyo kwizigama no kugurizanya, abo bagenerwabikorwa babanje guhabwa amahugurwa (inyigisho) abafasha kubongerera ubumenyi mu kugira umuco wo kwizigama, gutinyuka kwaka inguzanyo, gukorana n’ibigo by’imari iciriritse, kumenya guhanga imirimo ibyara inyungu, ndetse n’uburyo bwo gukoresha inguzanyo. Ayo mahugurwa yatanzwe mubihe bitandukanye kuva mukwezi kwa gatandatu kugeza mukwezi kwa munani 2016.
Mbere yo guhabwa ayo mahugurwa umukozi w’uwo mushinga MFITIRYAYO Jean de Dieu yabanje gukangurira abagenerwabikorwa ibyiza byo kwibumbira mu matsinda yo kwizigama no kugurizanya, uko ayo matsinda aba ateye ndetse n’uko akora.
Yagaragaje ko bimwe mu byingenzi ngenderwaho mugutoranya abagize ayo matsinda harimo: kuba umugenerwabikorwa afite ubushake, yifuza gukorana n’abandi kandi akaba yifuza gukora imirimo ibyara inyungu.
Amahugurwa yaragabanyijemo ibice 2; igice cya mbere kwari ukwigisha abanyamuryango uko amatsinda akora n’ibyiza byayo, naho igice cya kabiri cyari inyingisho ngiro aho abanyamuryango b’amatsinda bahuguwe uko babara inyungu kunguzanyo n’uko bazigabana, ndetse n’uko buzuza igitabo cy’itsinda. Nyuma yayo mahugurwa kandi amatsinda yose yitoyemo abayobozi ndetse bashyiraho amategeko n’amabwiriza agenga imikorere y’itsinda.
Amasomo yatanzwe muri ayo mahugurwa yatangiye gushyirwa mubikorwa ku matsinda yose ubu abanyamuryango bakaba bakataje muri icyo gikorwa cyo kwizigama no kugurizany, ubu ubwabo bivugira ko bagiye gusezera k’ubukene nabo bakagira uruhare rwo gukora kw’ifaranga bakihangira imirimo ibyara inyungu bakabasha guhangana n’ubukene bwari bwarabugarije.
Abanyamuryango b’amatsinda bahura rimwe mucyumweru cyangwa kabiri mukwezi bitewe n’ubwumvikane bwabo. Iyo inama rusange yateranye, habaho igikorwa cyo kureba ubwitabire bw’abanyamuryango, gutanga ingoboka, ubwizigame, inguzanyo, inyungu ku nguzanyo, ibihano ndetse no kungurana ibitekerezo. Ubwizigame kuri buri munyamuryango buri hagati y’amafranga 100 na 150 naho ingoboka ni hagati ya 50 na 100 y’amafranga y’uRwanda.
Amafranga yinjiye cyangwa asohotse agenzurwa n’abagenzuzi babiri muburyo bwo kwirinda kwibeshya. Mbere y’uko inama rusange isozwa, umwanditsi asomera abanyamuryango bose ibyo yanditse mugitabo cy’itsinda ari nako agaragaza uko umutungo w’itsinda uhagaze . Muburyo bwo kugirango amatsinda akomeze kuramba kandi akore neza, abanyamuryango bigishijwe ko ataribyiza kugabana amafranga yose y’ubwizigame cyangwa inyungu, ko ahubwo ari byiza ko habaho amafranga asigara mw’isanduku kugirango bazayahereho bakora ibindi bikorwa bibateza imbere.
Bamwe mubagenerwabikorwa bavuga ko biciye mugikorwa cyo kwizigama no kugurizanya, ubu babashije kugera kuri byinshi byiza. Nyirazireze Dafroze wo mumudugudu wa Twimpala ni umwe mubanyamuryango b’itsinda “Duharanire Kwitezimbere” yemeza ko kuva yajya mumatsinda yo kwizigama no kugurizanya imibereho ye yatangiye guhinduka muburyo bugaragara. Avuga ko yabashije Kwishyura ubwisungane mu kwivuza (mutuelle se santé)bw’umuryango we, kugura umurima, ihene ndetse no kwishyura amafranga y’ishuri y’abana.
Naho uwitwa Mukankusi Rose wo mw’itsinda “Abishyizehamwe” mu mudugudu wa Kabumbwe nawe avuga ko igikorwa cyo kwizigama no kugurizanya cyamufashije kugura imbuto zo gutera mumurima, ko abasha kurangura imyaka (ibishyimbo, ibigori) akayicuruza muburyo bwo gushaka inyungu, bityo amafranga akuyemo akayagura ibindi bikenewe murugo rwe nko kugura isabune, amavuta, umunyu n’ibindi.
Usibye kandi ubufasha buciye mumahugurwa cyangwa ibikoresho bibafasha muri icyo gikorwa bahawe, umushinga UKAM wabateganyirije n’inkunga y’amafranga azabafasha kunoza imishinga yabo. Ayo mafranga akaba ateganyijwe kuzatangwa nyuma y’amezi 6 kuva batangiye kwizigama akazabafasha gukora cyangwa imirimo ibyara inyungu.
Ayo matsinda azwi kw’izina ry’“Ibimina bivuguruye” azahabwa inkunga ni 12 agizwe n’abagore 250, muri buri mudugudu harimo amatsinda 2 agizwe n’abanyamuryango byibura 21 kuri buri tsinda.
Hakurikijwe uburemere bw’amahugurwa (amasomo) bahawe ndetse n’ubushake abo bagore bagaragaza muri icyo gikorwa cyo kwizigama no kugurizanya, ntagushidikanya ko nibakomeza gutyo ndetse bakarushaho bazagera kure kandi kuri byinshi bituma batandukana n’ubukene burundu mumiryango yabo.
Umushinga UKAM uterwa inkunga n’ikigega mpuzamahanga cya leta ya Scotland (SCIAF) ushyirwa mubikorwa na Komisiyo y’ubutabera n’amahoro ya Arkidiyoseze ya Kigali. Ukaba ugamije kongera no kunoza imibereho myiza y’abahinzi baciriritse 500 bo midugudu yavuzwe hejuru, guhanga imirimo ibyara inyungu, guhangana n’ihindagurika ry’ikirere, no gushimangira ihame ry’uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye.


text:
Ikibazo
Bibiliya ivuga iki ku butinganyi? Mbese ubutinanyi ni icyaha?
Igisubizo
Bibiliya ihora itubwira ko igikorwa cy'umutinganyi ari icyaha (Itangiriro 19:1-13; Abalewi 18:22; Abaroma 1:26-27; 1 Abakorinto 6:9). Ku bw'umwihariko, mu Abaroma 1:26-27 hatwigisha ko ubutinganyi ari ingaruka yo guhakana no kutubaha Imana. Iyo abantu bakomeje gutsimbarara mu cyaha no kutizera, Imana 'ishobora no kubateganyiriza' icyaha kirushijeho kuba kibi kandi kibatesha agaciro, kugira ngo ibereke ko ubuzima bwabo butarimo Imana, ari ubuzima butagira intego n'icyo bumaze. Mu 1 Abakorinto 6:9 hatumenyesha ko abatinganyi 'abakiranirwa' batazaragwa ubwami bw'Imana.
Imana ntiremana umuntu irari ry'ubutinganyi. Bibiliya itubwira ko abantu bahinduka abatinganyi kubera icyaha (Abaroma 1:24-27) no kubera guhitamo nabi kwabo. Umuntu ashobora kuvukana inenge y'ubutinganyi, nkuko hari abantu bamwe bavukana muri kamere yabo guhohotera bagenzi babo n'ibindi byaha. Ibi ntibigomba kuba urwitwazo kugira ngo umuntu akore ibyaha, yishora mu binezeza umubiri bimucumuza. Niba umuntu yaravukanye kamere y'uburakari cyangwa umujinya w'umuranduranzuzi, ibyo se byaba ari byiza kugira ngo yishore mu ngeso zimucumuza? Ntabwo ari byo nagato! Ntiyagombye kwishora mu cyaha cy'ubutinganyi.
Ariko, Bibiliya ntisobanura neza ko ubutinganyi ari icyaha 'gikabije' kuruta ibindi. Icyaha icyo ari cyo cyose kibabaza Imana. Ubutinganyi ni kimwe mu bintu byinshi biri ku rutonde mu 1 Abakorinto 6:9-10 bibuza umuntu kwinjira mu bwami bw'Imana. Dukurikije ibivugwa muri Bibiliya, Imbabazi z'Imana zishobora kugera no ku mutinganyi nkuko zihabwa umusambanyi, usenga ibigirwamana, umwicanyi, umujura, n'izindi nkozi z'ibibi. Imana yasezeranye ko izatanga imbaraga zo kunesha ibyaha, harimo n'icyaha cy'ubutinganyi, ku bantu bose bizera Yesu Kristo bifuza kurokoka (1 Abakorinto 6:11; 2 Abakorinto 5:17; Abafilipi 4:13).
English
Bibiliya ivuga iki ku butinganyi? Mbese ubutinanyi ni icyaha?


text:
Ku wa gatanu w’icya 2 cya Pasika, B, 13/04/2018
Amasomo: Intu 5, 34-42; Zab 27 (26), 1.4.13-14; Yh 6, 1-15
Bavandimwe,
Zabuli ya none iribaza ibibazo bibiri ariko byifitemo igisubizo: Uhoraho ni rumuri rwanjye n’agakiza kanjye. Ninde wantera ubwoba? Uhoraho arengera ubugingo bwanjye. Ninde wankangaranya? Ni byo koko Uhoraho ntahwema kudushakira umukiro. Ibyago duhura na byo ntibikaduherane, ntitugaheranwe n’agahinda ndetse no kwiheba. Iki gihe cya Pasika turimo rero kitwibutsa ko urupfu rwatsinzwe burundu kandi ko kubera iyo mpamvu rudafite ijambo rya nyuma. Yezu wazutse yaturonkeye umukiro w’iteka.
Amasomo ya none aratwereka uburyo Nyagasani atureba akatugirira impuhwe maze akadushakira icyadukiza. Turabona kandi ko imitekerereze y’Imana irenze kure ibyo twebwe dutekereza. Bityo tukaba dusabwa gushyira amizero yacu yose muri Nyagasani, tukamutega amatwi, tukamuhanga amaso akatwiyigishiriza.
Ni byo koko Nyagasani ahora adushakira icyadukiza. Twumvise mu Ivanjiri Yezu atubura imigati. Nyuma yo kwigisha abantu bagafashwa ndetse bagafata umwanzuro wo kumukurikira, Yezu arabarebye abagirira impuhwe ndetse abona bakeneye amafunguro ababeshaho. Uyu mutima w’impuhwe Yezu arawuhorana. Na n’ubu aratureba akatugirira impuhwe maze akifashisha uburyo bwinshi bwo kutubeshaho. Buri wese nasubiza amaso inyuma arasanga hari byinshi Yezu yamukoreye ashaka kumukiza. Twumvise mu isomo rya mbere uburyo intumwa zishimiye gutotezwa kubera Ijambo rya Yezu. Buri wese rero muri twe niyiyemeze kuba igikoresho cy’Imana atangaze ku mugaragaro umukiro wayo nta bwoba muri iyi si itorohereza na gato intumwa guhamya ukwemera no kukwamamaza.
Uburyo Imana yifashisha iduha umukiro wayo buragaragaza ko itambutse kure imitekerereze yacu. Ni gute wabasha gusobanura ririya tubura ry’imigati? Uretse kuvuga ko ari igitangaza maze tukagarukira aho, ubundi nta bindi bisobanuro tubasha kubona by’ukuntu bishoboka ko imigati itanu n’amafi abiri byahaza abantu ibihumbi bitanu utabariyemo abagore n’abana. Nimucyo tubitangarire ariko ntiduhere mu gutangara gusa ahubwo dufate umugambi wo guhinduka maze tugarukire Imana. Kandi Imana yifashisha abaciye bugufi mu gusakaza uwo mukiro wayo. Mu guca bugufi tubonamo ubuhangange butagereranywa bw’Imana. Jambo w’Imana yigize umuntu, yicisha bugufi kugira ngo abantu bose bagire amahirwe yo kumugeraho. N’abo yatoye ngo basakaze uwo mukiro mu bantu bagomba kwicisha bugufi ntibahere mu kurangarira no kwirukanka inyuma y’ibyubahiro bidafite shinge ahubwo bakishimira ko Inkuru nziza yageze ku bantu bose n’aho babitoterezwa. Ntitugahe urwaho abadushukisha ibyubahiro byo kuri iyi si.
Imana iraturenze. Hari igihe tugwa mu mutego wo kuyicira umurongo itagomba kurenga bigatuma rimwe na rimwe turwanya ugushaka kwayo maze tugahangana na yo nyamara twibeshyaga ko tuyikorera. Aba bakuru b’abayahudi baguye muri uwo mutego. Iyi nama iyi nararibonye Gamaliyeli abagiriye ijye idufasha natwe mu gushungura. Uje atumwe n’Imana imuha imbaraga ubutumwa bwe bugakomera ariko uwizanye ku giti cye ubwo butumwa burangirana na we ndetse n’abamukurikiye tukagenda tubabonera ku mbuto zabo uko ibihe bigenda bisimburana.
Twebwe rero bavandimwe,
Nimucyo twemere kuba ibikoresho by’Imana. Nitwishimire kuba abagaragu b’ukuri bamamaza ibitangaza by’Imana mu magambo ndetse no mu bikorwa. Ariko mbere ya byose niduhinduke twakire umukiro w’Imana kandi tuwugeze ku bandi mu bwiyoroshye. Isi yacu ikeneye abahamya b’ibitangaza by’Imana babyerekana mu mibereho yabo kuko: “kora ndebe iruta vuga numve”.
Nitwagure amarembo. Ibi ntibishatse kuvuga ko dukwiye kwasama tukamira ibije byose ahubwo twemere gukoreshwa n’Imana. Tumenye kumva ijwi ry’Imana ridukangurira gukora icyiza tukareka ikibi. Tumenye gutega amatwi abaza batugana ariko tumenye gushungura. Ikizadufasha gushungura neza ni isengesho. Twitoze gushengerera Yezu; tureke gushengerera iby’iyi si. Twitoze guceceka imbere ya Yezu tureke atwibwirire. Ijwi rya Yezu turyumva dutuje twagiye kure y’urusaku rutubamo cyangwa ruturuka hanze. Bityo ugushaka kw’Imana kuzigaragariza muri twe.
Nimucyo twese twisabire guhinduka by’ukuri twamagane ikibi cyose iyo gituruka hose maze amahano y’urwangano, urugomo, intambara n’imidugararo imena amaraso hirya no hino ku isi atsindwe mu izina rya Yezu watsinze icyaha n’urupfu akazukira kutwinjiza mu bugingo bw’iteka.
Padri Leonidas NGARUKIYINTWARI


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Bamwe mu batuye mudugudu wa Makaga, mu Kagali ka Rwesero mu Murenge wa Kigali bavuga ko bafite impungenge ko ubuzima bwabo bushobora kujya mu kaga bitewe nuko zatangiye gusenyuka, kandi ngo bamaze amezi abiri, basaba ko basanirwa inzu zabo ariko ngo barategereje baraheba.
Ukinjira muri uyu mudugudu urabona amwe mu mazu yatangiye kwiyasa, andi amatafari yarasenyutse agwa imbere mu nzu, kubera umuyaga n’imvura ubu ntarasakarwa.
Bamwe mu batuye muri aka gace baganiriye n’itangazamakuru rya Flash baravuga ko hashize amezi abiri bagejeje iki kibazo mu buyobozi ariko ngo nta isubizo barahabwa.
Barasaba ko basanirwa amazu yabo kuko bafite impungenge ko ubuzima bwabo bushobora kujya mu kaga
Mpayana Leonard Yagize ati “Twatujwe hano turi imiryango itishoboye, noneho inzu zikagenda zigwa, mpamagara Akarere, mpamagara umurenge, mpamagara na Minaloc, ariko nta gisubizo bampaye. Nari mu nzu itafari ringwaho, nta kindi nkeneye n’ubuvugizi ndagira ngo nsanirwe inzu yanjye kuko ndara aho bwije ngeze.”
Mugenzi we nawe inzu yasenyutse Yagize ati “Inzu yanjye yaragurutse nyereka abo ku murenge, bivuze ko umuyaga ugarutse ni ukuvuga ko inzu yahita igenda kandi nta bushobozi mfite. Uwo tubana afite ubumuga ntiyabasha gusana, nta bushobozi dufite. Turifuza ko bazidusanira bakadushyiriramo isima n’umucanga n’ubuyobozi burabizi.”
Munyana Annonciata Yagize ati “Niba inzu yarasenyutse, mu gihe cy’izuba bisobanuye ko izi nzu zasondetswe. Twebwe dukeneye ubuvugizi bw’inzego zo hejuru, basondetse ubuyobozi bubireba ariko nta buyobozi dufite.”
Umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa w’umurenge wa Kigali Bwana Ntirushwa Christophe, avuga ko ikibazo cy’inzu zasenyutse bazi ari ebyiri gusa, kandi ziri gusanwa, ibindi bakazabikurikirana.
Yagize ati “Inzu 2 zagize ibibazo by’ibiza ko turimo tuzisana? Zigomba kuba zanarangiye. Ubwo nabo ikibazo nikiragaragara tuzazisana.”
Imiryango ituye muri uyu mudugudu wa Makaga igera kuri 96, abahatuye bavuga ko izi Nzu zubakiwe iyo imvura iguye ibisenge bikunze kuguruka, ubuyobozi bugaragaza ko butigeze bubimenyeshwa.
AGAHOZO AMIELLA


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Gukora, gukoresha, nigihe kizaza cyibintu bikomeye, byoroheje
Nanone bita grafite fibre cyangwa karubone, fibre ya karubone igizwe nuduce duto cyane twa karubone. Izi fibre zifite imbaraga zingana kandi zirakomeye cyane kubunini bwazo. Mubyukuri, uburyo bumwe bwa fibre karubone - karubone nanotube - ifatwa nkibikoresho bikomeye biboneka. Porogaramu ya karubone irimo ubwubatsi, ubwubatsi, icyogajuru, ibinyabiziga bikora cyane, ibikoresho bya siporo, nibikoresho bya muzika. Mu rwego rwingufu, fibre ya karubone ikoreshwa mugukora ibyuma byumuyaga, kubika gaze gasanzwe, hamwe na lisansi yo gutwara. Mu nganda zindege, ifite porogaramu haba mu ndege za gisirikare n’ubucuruzi, ndetse n’imodoka zitagira abapilote. Kubushakashatsi bwa peteroli, bukoreshwa mugukora ibibanza byo gucukura amazi maremare.
Amakuru Yihuse: Imibare ya Fibre
- Buri gice cya fibre karubone ni microne eshanu kugeza 10. Kuguha kumva uko ibyo ari bito, micron imwe (um) ni 0.000039. Umugozi umwe wubudodo bwigitagangurirwa mubusanzwe buri hagati ya mikoro itatu kugeza umunani.
- Fibre ya karubone ikubye kabiri ibyuma ndetse ninshuro eshanu zikomeye nkicyuma, (kuri buri gice cyuburemere). Zirwanya kandi imiti cyane kandi ifite kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwo hejuru hamwe no kwaguka kwinshi.
Ibikoresho bibisi
Fibre ya karubone ikozwe muri polymers kama, igizwe numurongo muremure wa molekile ifatanije na atome ya karubone. Fibre nyinshi ya karubone (hafi 90%) ikozwe mubikorwa bya polyacrylonitrile (PAN). Umubare muto (hafi 10%) ukorerwa muri rayon cyangwa inzira ya peteroli.
Imyuka, amazi, nibindi bikoresho bikoreshwa mubikorwa byo gukora bitera ingaruka zihariye, imico, hamwe n amanota ya karubone. Uruganda rukora fibre karubone rukoresha formulaire yihariye hamwe no guhuza ibikoresho fatizo kubikoresho bakora kandi muri rusange, bafata aya mabwiriza yihariye nkibanga ryubucuruzi.
Urwego rwohejuru rwa karuboni fibre hamwe na modulus ikora neza (ihoraho cyangwa coefficient ikoreshwa kugirango igaragaze urwego rwumubare aho ibintu bifite umutungo runaka, nka elastique) bikoreshwa mugusaba ibisabwa nko mu kirere.
Uburyo bwo gukora
Gukora fibre karubone bikubiyemo imiti nubukanishi. Ibikoresho bibisi, bizwi nkibibanziriza, bikururwa mumurongo muremure hanyuma bigashyuha kubushyuhe bwinshi mubidukikije bya anaerobic (ogisijeni idafite). Aho gutwika, ubushyuhe bukabije butera fibre ya fibre kunyeganyega kuburyo atome hafi ya zose zitari karubone zirukanwa.
Nyuma ya carboneisation irangiye, fibre isigaye igizwe nigihe kirekire, gifatanye cyane iminyururu ya karubone hamwe na atome itari karubone. Izi fibre ziba zikozwe mubitambaro cyangwa bigahuzwa nibindi bikoresho bigahita bikomeretsa cyangwa bikabumbwa muburyo bwifuzwa.
Ibice bitanu bikurikira birasanzwe mubikorwa bya PAN byo gukora fibre karubone:
- Kuzunguruka. PAN ivanze nibindi bikoresho hanyuma ikazunguruka muri fibre, hanyuma igakaraba kandi ikaramburwa.
- Gutuza. Fibre ihindura imiti kugirango ihuze ubumwe.
- Carbonizing. Fibre itajegajega yashyutswe kubushyuhe bwo hejuru cyane ikora karubone ya karubone.
- Kuvura Ubuso. Ubuso bwa fibre ni okiside kugirango utezimbere imikoranire.
- Ingano. Fibre isize kandi ikomeretsa kuri bobbins, zipakirwa kumashini zizunguruka zigoreka fibre mubudodo butandukanye. Aho kuboha imyenda, fibre irashobora kandi kubumbwa mubikoresho, ukoresheje ubushyuhe, umuvuduko, cyangwa icyuho kugirango uhuze fibre hamwe na polymer plastike.
Carbone nanotubes ikorwa binyuze muburyo butandukanye na fibre isanzwe ya karubone. Bigereranijwe ko bikubye inshuro 20 kurenza abababanjirije, nanotube ihimbwa mu ziko rikoresha lazeri kugirango zivemo imyuka ya karubone.
Ingorane zo Gukora
Gukora fibre fibre bitwara ibibazo byinshi, harimo:
- Gukenera gukira neza no gusana
- Ibiciro byo gukora bidashoboka kubikorwa bimwe na bimwe: Kurugero, nubwo ikoranabuhanga rishya ririmo gutezwa imbere, kubera ibiciro bibuza, gukoresha fibre karubone mu nganda z’imodoka kuri ubu bigarukira gusa ku binyabiziga bikora neza kandi bihenze.
- Uburyo bwo kuvura hejuru bugomba gutegurwa neza kugirango wirinde kurema ibyobo bivamo fibre zifite inenge.
- Gufunga hafi bisabwa kugirango ubuziranenge bufite ireme
- Ibibazo byubuzima n’umutekano birimo uruhu no guhumeka
- Gufata ikabutura n'ikabutura mu bikoresho by'amashanyarazi kubera amashanyarazi akomeye ya fibre ya karubone
Kazoza ka Fibre
Mugihe tekinoroji ya karubone ikomeje kugenda itera imbere, ibishoboka bya fibre karubone bizatandukana kandi byiyongere. Mu Ishuri Rikuru ry’ikoranabuhanga rya Massachusetts, ubushakashatsi bwinshi bwibanze kuri fibre ya karubone bumaze kwerekana amasezerano menshi yo gukora ikoranabuhanga rishya n’inganda kugira ngo bikemure inganda zikenewe.
MIT Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering John Hart, umupayiniya wa nanotube, yagiye akorana nabanyeshuri be guhindura ikoranabuhanga mu gukora, harimo no kureba ibikoresho bishya bizakoreshwa hamwe nicapiro rya 3D ryubucuruzi. Ati: “Nabasabye gutekereza rwose kuri gari ya moshi; niba bashobora gusama printer ya 3-D itigeze ikorwa mbere cyangwa ibikoresho byingirakamaro bidashobora gucapurwa ukoresheje printer zubu, "Hart yabisobanuye.
Ibisubizo byari imashini za prototype zacapaga ikirahure gishongeshejwe, ice cream yoroshye-hamwe na karuboni fibre. Nk’uko Hart abitangaza, amatsinda y’abanyeshuri yakoze kandi imashini zishobora gukora “ahantu hanini cyane hashobora gukururwa na polymers” kandi igakora “muri optique scanning” yo gucapa.
Byongeye kandi, Hart yakoranye na MIT Associate Professor wa Chemistry Mircea Dinca ku bufatanye n’imyaka itatu iheruka gusozwa na Automobili Lamborghini kugira ngo hakorwe ubushakashatsi ku byerekeranye na fibre nshya ya karubone hamwe n’ibikoresho bishobora kuba umunsi umwe “bidashoboka gusa umubiri wuzuye w’imodoka kuba ikoreshwa nka sisitemu ya batiri, ”ariko iganisha ku“ mibiri yoroshye, ikomeye, ihindura imikorere ya catalitiki ikora neza, irangi ryoroshye, hamwe no kohereza ingufu za gari ya moshi [muri rusange]. ”
Hamwe n'iterambere riteye ubwoba, ntibitangaje ko isoko rya fibre karubone biteganijwe ko izava kuri miliyari 4.7 z'amadolari muri 2019 ikagera kuri miliyari 13.3 z'amadolari muri 2029, ku kigero cyo kwiyongera k'umwaka (CAGR) kingana na 11.0% (cyangwa hejuru gato) hejuru igihe kimwe.
Inkomoko
- McConnell, Vicki. “Gukora Fibre ya Carbone.” Kwibumbira hamwe. Ku ya 19 Ukuboza 2008
- Sherman, Don. “Kurenga Fibre ya Carbone: Ibikoresho bizakurikiraho birakomeye inshuro 20.” Imodoka n'umushoferi. Ku ya 18 Werurwe 2015
- Randall, Danielle. “Abashakashatsi ba MIT bafatanya na Lamborghini mu guteza imbere imodoka y'amashanyarazi y'ejo hazaza.” MITMECHE / Mu makuru: Ishami rya Chimie. Ku ya 16 Ugushyingo 2017
- "Isoko rya Fibre ya Carbone ukoresheje ibikoresho bito (PAN, Pitch, Rayon), Ubwoko bwa Fibre (Isugi, Yongeye gukoreshwa), Ubwoko bwibicuruzwa, Modulus, Gushyira mu bikorwa (Gukomatanya, Kudahuza), Gukoresha Inganda (A & D, Imodoka, Ingufu z'umuyaga ), n'akarere - Iteganyagihe ku isi kugeza 2029. ” Amasoko n'amasoko ™. Nzeri 2019
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-28-2021


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Umunyarwenya wo mu gihugu cya Kenya, Timothy Kimani Ndegwa uzwi ku kazina ka Njugush yagarutse ku buzima bwe bwigeze kuba bubi aho we n’umugore we bigeze kubaho ubuzima bushaririye bwa gikene.
Uyu mugabo wigeze gutoranywa mu bakinaga umukino w’urwenya wa ‘Real Househelps of Kawangware’ wacanga kuri KTN, yagarutse ku rugendo rw’ubuzima bwe nyuma yo kuva muri uwo mukino ahamya ko ubuzima bwe bwashaririye cyane. Ni mu kiganiro yagiranye na Daily Nation aho avuga ko hari byinshi yagombaga kwigomwa mu kubaka izina dore ko atari umukino.
Njugush yavuze ubukene bagize bitewe no kubura amahitamo aho yagize ati “Navuye muri ‘Real Househelps of Kawangware’, nta gitekerezo kindi nari mfite cy’icyo nakora. Twaragiye turakena cyane. Twari twarahawe Firigo nk’impano mu bukwe bwacu akaba ariyo dukoresha nk’akabati kuko nta byo kurya twari dufite byo kuyishyiramo ndetse nta n’akabati kandi twagiraga. Nta kazi twari dufite, twagize igitekerezo cyo kwifata utuvideo dusekeje tukadushyira ku mbuga zacu nkoranyambaga.”Njugush n'umugore we Celestine Ndinda babayeho ubuzima bubi cyane
Njugush yakomeje yongeraho ko hari ubwo bigeze kugira icyizere ubwo umuntu yemeraga kubishyura kubera utuvideo twabo dusekeje ariko nyuma yaho nanone ibintu byasubiye irudubi nyuma y’uko byaje gupfa bataranafata na macye. Yabivuze muri buryo bwuzuye agahinda ati
"Umuntu yatwemereye kutwishyura amwe mu mavideo yacu asekeje. Sinajya nizera ko ibyo bintu bishobora kunyinjiriza amafaranga. Icyo gihe nagurishije TV ya 32-inch ku mashillingi 15,000 (132,373 Rwf), nkodesha Camera, ntira mudasobwa, niga gutunganya amashusho (editing) ubundi mfata amashusho; ibyo byose byari ukubera uwemeye kutwishyura maze nyuma ahita atubwira ko atagifite gahunda ndababara cyane mera nk’umusazi."Njugush yavuze agahinda n'ubukene batewe n'uwabemereye kubishyura
N’ubwo ibyo byateye agahinda kenshi Njugush ariko byanamweretse ko ashobora kwinjiza agafaranga biturutse mu rwenya aho yabivuze muri ubu buryo ati “Ibyo byatweretse ko niba umuntu yishimiye kutwishyura, n’ubwo amafaranga ataje ariko byibuze twakorera amafaranga ku bandi bantu.”Umunyarwenya Njugush ahamya ko uwabemereye kubishyura ntabikore byabateye imbaraga zo gukora
“Ubwo
iminsi yacu yo kubaho nabi ari amateka akomeye, ubu ntinya gutsindwa cyane.
Icyo nicyo gihora kintera gukora cyane. Mba nibaza umuntu aje mu minsi iri
imbere akambaza ngo ‘Habaye iki? Ko wakoraga cyane?’ Ibyo bintera guhora
mparanira gutsinda.”


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Prix livraison UE
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Iki gitabo cyagombaga gusohoka tariki ya 15/12/2011. Hari impamvu zatumye gitinda, none dore kibonetse muri Mutarama 2012. Ntihagire umusomyi utangazwa rero n’uko kimwifuriza Noheri Nziza n’umwaka mushya muhire wa 2012, ni uko byari biteganijwe mu ntangiriro. Nta muntu n’umwe utabona ko u Rwanda rugeze aharindimuka. Kereka ahari ba « Rwigiza nkana rwa nirwange (Rwigizankanarwanirwange) wabonye inzu ihiye ati « nimunsasire niryamire ». U Rwanda rwageze gute kuri iyo manga, ni bande baruhagejeje, twarutabara dute ? Muri iki gitabo, Zélote Mahoro aratanga ibisubizo bishimishije kuri ibyo bibazo uko ari bitatu. Résumé en français: 77 secrets de la politique rwandaise Au fil des jours, le Pays des Mille Collines devient le pays aux mille problèmes. Comment est-ce que le Rwanda en est arrivé là ? Qui est-ce qui se paye le plaisir méchant de l’enfoncer chaque jour davantage? Comment pourrions-nous secourir ce beau pays? Voilà trois questions auxquelles Zélote Mahoro donne des réponses satisfaisantes dans ce livre.
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Pyramides
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© 2004-2021 Editions Sources du Nil


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Igazeti Ya Leta 2010 Amategeko Y'umuhanda Pdf Free
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Uruhare rw’umugabo nk’inkingi ya Mwamba mu bw’ubwuzuzanye bw’umuryango– RWAMREC
Kuri uyu wa Kabiri tariki, 03 Ukuboza 2019 , Mu nama yahuje Umuryango wa RWAMREC n’imiryango itari iya leta iharanira uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye , yagarutse ku ruhare rw’umugabo mu iterambere ry’umugore hifashishijwe uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye mu miryango hagamijwe gusigasira ubusugire bw’imiryango itarangwamo ibibazo n’amakimbirane.
Mico Patrick, umukozi muri RWAMREC ushinzwe ubuvugizi n’imishinga , avuga ko muri iki gihe hakwiye gushyirwa imbaraga mu guhugura imiryango mu bikorwa byose by’umwihariko abagabo , cyane ko bose bagira ubufatanye mu iterambere ry’umuryango bityo ibyasenyaga imbereho n’imikurire y’abakomoka mu miryango bihinduke amateka.
Yagize ati:” Nk’uko ubushakashatsi bwabigaragaje ni uko mu rugo abagabo aribo bafata ibyemezo mu miryango ugasanga nibo bashyira abagore kuri gahunda, ariko iyo bahuguye umugabo n’ umugore mu miryango bahuriza hamwe bagafata umwanzuro bumvikanyeho bombi kandi ibyemezo byabo bigatanga umusaruro”.
Aha atanga ingero ku kwigisha indyo yuzuye umugore utwite aho avuga ko bagomba gufatanya n’umugabo muri izo nyigisho kugirango babashe kunganirana aho umwe yacitse intege.
Ati:”Usanga nko muri gahunda zo kwita ku bagore batwite mu kubigisha ku bigendanye n’imirire mu gufata indyo yuzuye, akenshi usanga higishwa umugore hakirengagizwa umugabo babana mu rugo uzamufasha gushyira mu bikorwa ibyo yigishijwe kugirango umwana azavuke neza, icyo tubashishikariza ni ukubigisha bombi kugirango n’umugabo abishyire muri gahunda.”
Umuhoza Yvonne, Umukozi mu muryango utegamiye kuri Guverinoma, Humanity and Inclusion, umushinga wo kurwanya ihohotera rishingiye ku gitsina ku myaka no ku bumuga ukorera mu turere twa Rutsiro na Gasabo. Avuga ko ibibazo byo mu muryango byose bishingiye ku muco bishingiye ku burere abana bahawe kandi bakuranye.
Agira ati “Ikibazo gishingiye ku muco kuko abagabo batojwe kuba abatware kandi ko abagore bari hasi yabo. Ibibazo nk’ibyo bigira ingaruka nyinshi ku muryango kuko iyo umugabo abaye umutware w’ibintu byose by’urugo, ashobora gucunga umutungo nabi urugo rugakena. Abana bavutse ari abahungu mu rugo na bo niko bakura bakumva ko ari abatware ba byose, umukobwa ntacyo avuze.”
Ihame ry’uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye ni kimwe muri gahunda ya leta y’u Rwanda yashyizweho kugira ngo hanozwe uburenganzira n’inshingano bingana hagati y’Umugore n’umugabo, nkuko biteganywa n’itegeko no 51/2007 ryo kuwa 20/09/2007 Rigena inshingano, imiterere n’imikorere by’urwego rushinzwe kugenzura iyubahirizwa ry’uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye bw’abagabo n’abagore mw’iterambere ry’igihugu


text:
Mu gihe Abatutsi Bicirwaga I Murambi Bucyibaruta yazindutse yisomera Amadosiye ku kazi
Kuri uyu wa kabiri w’icyumweru cya cyenda cy’urubanza ruburanishwamo Bucyibaruta Laurent wari perefe w’iyahoze ari perefegitura ya Gikongoro uregwa ibyaha bya Jenoside, urukiko rwahase ibibazo uregwa ku bwicanyi bwakorewe abatutsi mu rukerera rw’itariki 21 Mata 1994 mu ishuri ry’imyuga rya Eto Murambi ryubakwaga.
Uwunganira abaregera indishyi, yabajije uregwa igihe yumviye urusaku rw’amasasu i Murambi, ati “hari saa ngahe?” Bucyibaruta amusubiza agira ati ” saa cyenda z’igitondo (3h du matin). Nababwiye ko nagumye iwanjye bukeye njya ku kazi mpamagara komanda wa jandarumori (gendarmerie) mubaza ambwira ko nawe byamurenze.”
Uwunganira abaregera indishyi ati “ariko ubwicanyi bwakomeje umunsi wose, ntacyo wari gukora, ahantu wakusanirije abantu?kuki utamuhamagaye i zo saa cyenda z’igitondo ngo mushake icyo mukora?”
Uregwa ati ” icyo gihe twari mu rugo twese dufite ubwoba, ntabwo nari kubasha guhamagara twari duhangayikishijwe n’ubuzima bwacu, kuko twumvaga ko nibava i Murambi baza iwanjye, ntabwo ako kanya natekereje kumuhamagara.”
Uwunganira abaregera indishyi ati ” ntiwabitekereje abantu ibihumbi bari kwicwa?” Uregwa ati” Mu gitondo saa cyenda sinari guhamagara.” Uwunganira abaregera indishyi ati” Wategereje ko babanza kubica bose?” Bucyibaruta ati” Sinategereje ko bose bicwa mbere yo kugira icyo nkora, ibyo nibyo ungerekeyeho. ntabwo nari nzi uko ubukana bwabyo bumeze.”
Perefe yazindukiye mu Biro bye
Ubushinjacyaha bwabajije Bucyibaruta buti “uri ku biro byawe, ushobora kureba i Murambi, ese wararebye ubona ibyabaye?” Uregwa ati” ndi ku biro sinashoboraga kuhabona neza, kuko hari kure kandi hari umusozi wankingirizaga, sinahabona.” Ubushinjacyaha bwongera kumubaza buti ” uri kuri perefegitura ntiwaharebaga, cg nta courage yo kuhareba wari ufite? ” uregwa ati” Ndi mu biro byanjye sinari kuhabona hose, nabonaga agace gato.” Ubushinjacyaha buti “ntiwatekereje kujya kuhareba ngo umenye ibyaaye?” Bucyibaruta ati ” Oya navuganye na komanda wa jandarumori.”
Bucyibaruta Laurent wagiye mu Biro bye kuri perefegitura Gikongoro tariki 21 Mata abatutsi bari kwicirwa i Murambi aho yasabye ko babakusanyiriza, yabwiye ubushinjacyaha bwari bumubajije buti “ugeze ku kazi wakoze iki?” asubiza agira ati” Nasomye inyandiko zari zaje ntari nabashije gusoma mbere. ” Ubushinjacyaha buti “ubwo wakoze akazi bisanzwe?” Uregwa ati “yego, nagombaga kugira icyo nkora nubwo hari ibyo ntari kubasha hari ibyo nakoze.”
Uwunganira abaregera indishyi, yabajije Bucyibaruta ati”Kuki icyo gitondo utagiye i Murambi, ufite umu shoferi, abajandarume uri umuhutu, uri perefe, kuki utahise ujya i Murambi muri icyo gitondo umushoferi ahageze?
Yagize ati; “Ibyo narabibabwiye.”
Me André Martin Karongozi wunganira abaregera indishyi yabajije Bucyibaruta impamvu yohereje aba burugumesitiri kujya kureba ubwicanyi bwabaye maheresho (mu yahoze ari komini rukondo), nyamara akananirwa kugira uwo ubwira cg ngo ujye i Murambi.”
Bucyibaruta asubiza agira ati “biratandukanye, maheresho hari ku manywa naho Murambi hari nijoro.”


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IGICE CYA 29
Mbese, iminsi mikuru yose ishimisha Imana?
MBESE, ujya wishimira kujya mu minsi mikuru?— Iminsi mikuru ijya ishimisha cyane. Mbese, utekereza ko Umwigisha Ukomeye yaba yishimira ko tujya mu minsi mikuru?—Na we ubwe yigeze kujya mu munsi mukuru, ajyanye na bamwe mu bigishwa be, bagiye mu bukwe bw’umuntu wari washyingiwe. Yehova ni ‘Imana ihimbarwa’ cyangwa se yishima. Ku bw’ibyo rero, Imana igomba kuba yishima iyo twishimisha, turi mu minsi mikuru myiza.—1 Timoteyo 1:11; Yohana 2:1-11.
Ku ipaji ya 29 y’iki gitabo, twabonye ko Yehova yatandukanyije amazi y’Inyanja Itukura, kugira ngo Abisirayeli babone uko bambuka. Waba wibuka iyo nkuru?— Abisirayeli bamaze kwambuka, batangiye kuririmbira Yehova no kumushimira. Byari bimeze nk’umunsi mukuru. Abantu bari bishimye cyane, kandi dushobora kwizera tudashidikanya ko Imana na yo yishimye.—Kuva 15:1, 20, 21.
Hashize imyaka igera kuri 40, Abisirayeli batumiwe mu wundi munsi mukuru ukomeye. Icyo gihe ariko, abantu batumiye Abisirayeli nta bwo basengaga Yehova. Yewe, ahubwo basengaga izindi mana kandi bakagirana imibonano mpuzabitsina n’abo batashakanye. Mbese, utekereza ko byari bikwiriye kujya mu munsi mukuru nk’uwo?— Yehova ntiyabyishimiye. Kubara 25:1-9; 1 Abakorinto 10:8.Ku bw’ibyo, yahannye Abisirayeli.—
Nanone Bibiliya itubwira iby’iminsi mikuru ibiri y’ivuka. Mbese, umwe muri yo waba wari uwo kwizihiza umunsi w’ivuka ry’Umwigisha Ukomeye?— Ashwi da! Iyo minsi mikuru yombi y’ivuka yari iy’abantu batakoreraga Yehova. Umwe wari uwo kwizihiza ivuka ry’Umwami Herode Antipa. Igihe Yesu yari hano ku isi, Herode yategekaga akarere ka Galilaya.
Umwami Herode yakoze ibintu byinshi bibi. Yafashe umugore wa mukuru we amugira uwe. Uwo mugore yitwaga Herodiya. Yohana Umubatiza, wari umugaragu w’Imana, yabwiye Herode ko ibyo yakoze byari bibi. Ibyo byababaje Herode. Byatumye rero afata Yohana, ajya kumufunga.—Luka 3:19, 20.
Hagati aho, igihe Yohana yari agifunzwe, umunsi mukuru wo kwizihiza ivuka rya Herode waje kugera. Herode yakoresheje umunsi mukuru ukomeye. Yatumiye abantu benshi bari bakomeye. Bose barariye, baranywa kandi barishimisha. Hanyuma, umukobwa wa Herodiya yinjiye mu cyumba barimo, atangira kubabyinira. Abantu bose barishimye cyane, ku buryo Umwami Herode yifuje kugira ikintu cyihariyeamuha. Yaramubwiye ati ‘icyo uri bunsabe cyose ndakiguha, yewe no kugeza ku gice cy’ubwami bwanjye.’
Ni iki uwo mukobwa yasabye? Yaba se yarasabye amafaranga, imyenda myiza se cyangwa se inzu nziza? Uwo mukobwa yabuze icyo asaba. Yahise ajya kureba nyina Herodiya, aramubaza ati ‘mama, nsabe iki?’
Ariko rero Herodiya yangaga Yohana Umubatiza cyane. Ku bw’ibyo, yabwiye umukobwa we ngo najye gusaba umutwe wa Yohana. Uwo mukobwa yagiye kureba umwami, maze aramubwira ati ‘ndashaka ko umpa nonaha igihanga cya Yohana Umubatiza ku isahani.’
Umwami Herode ntiyashakaga kwica Yohana kubera ko yari azi ko Yohana ari umuntu mwiza. Icyakora, Herode yari yamaze gutanga isezerano, kandi yatinyaga ko abashyitsi be bamugaya aramutse yisubiyeho. Ako kanya, yahise atuma umuntu muri gereza guca Yohana umutwe. Bidatinze, uwo muntu yagarukanye umutwe wa Yohana ku isahani. Ahageze, yayihaye uwo mukobwa, uwo mukobwa na we ayiha nyina.—Mariko 6:17-29.
Undi munsi mukuru wo kwizihiza ivuka uvugwa muri Bibiliya, na wo ni uko wagenze. Wari uw’umwami wa Misiri. Muri uwo munsi mukuru, umwami yacishije umuntu umutwe, hanyuma amumanikaku giti kugira ngo ibisiga bimurye (Itangiriro 40:19-22)! Mbese, utekereza ko Imana yishimiye iyo minsi mikuru yombi?— Mbese, wari kwishimira kuyijyamo?—
Tuzi neza ko ibintu byose byanditswe muri Bibiliya bifite icyo bigamije. Bibiliya ivuga gusa iminsi mikuru ibiri y’ivuka. Kandi muri iyo minsi mikuru yombi, hakozwe ibintu bibi. None se, ni iki Imana yashakaga kutubwira ku birebana no kwizihiza iminsi y’ivuka? Yaba se yifuza ko twajya twizihiza iminsi y’ivuka?—
Muri iki gihe, iyo abantu bizihiza iyo minsi nta bwo baca umuntu umutwe. Ariko icyo gitekerezo cyo kwizihiza umunsi w’ivuka ubwacyo, cyazanywe n’abantu batasengaga Imana y’ukuri. Hari igitabo kivuga ku minsi mikuru y’ivuka ivugwa muri Bibiliya kigira kiti “abanyabyaha bonyine ni bo bajya bishimira cyane umunsi bavukiyeho” (The Catholic Encyclopedia). Waba se wifuza kuba nka bo?—
Umwigisha Ukomeye se we, yaba yarigeze kwizihiza umunsi w’ivuka rye?— Oya, nta hantu na hamwe Bibiliya igaragaza ko hari abantu baba barigeze kwizihiza umunsi w’ivuka rya Yesu. Ndetse rwose abigishwa ba Yesu ba mbere ntibigeze bizihiza umunsi w’ivuka rye. Waba uzi impamvu abantu baje kujya bizihiza ivuka rya Yesu ku itariki ya 25 Ukuboza?—
Hari igitabo kigaragaza impamvu abantu batoranyije iyo tariki, kigira kiti “kuri iyo tariki, Abaroma bari basanzwe bizihiza Umunsi Mukuru wa Saturune, bizihiza kuvuka kw’izuba” (The World Book Encyclopedia). Muri ubwo buryo, bahisemo kujya bizihiza ivuka rya Yesu ku itariki abapagani bari basanzwe bafiteho umunsi mukuru!
Waba uzi impamvu bidashoboka ko Yesu yaba yaravutse mu kwezi k’Ukuboza?— Ni ukubera ko Bibiliya ivuga ko igihe Yesu yavukaga, abashumba bari hanze nijoro (Luka 2:8-12). Kandi kuko ubusanzwe mu gihugu Yesu yavukiyemo mu kwezi k’Ukuboza haba hari imbeho n’imvura nyinshi, birumvikana ko abo bashumba batashoboraga kurara hanze nijoro muri uko kwezi.
Abantu benshi bazi ko Noheli atari umunsi mukuru w’ivuka rya Yesu. Yewe, banazi ko Noheli ari umunsi abapagani bizihizagaho umunsi mukuru udashimisha Imana. Ariko ibyo ntibibuza abenshi kwizihiza Noheli. Usanga ikibashishikaza cyane ari ugukoresha umunsi mukuru, aho gushishikazwa no kumenya uko Imana iwubona. Twe ariko twifuza gushimisha Yehova, si byo se?—
Ku bw’ibyo, niba dushaka kujya mu munsi mukuru, tugomba kubanza kugenzura niba uwo munsi mukuru ushimisha Yehova. Dushobora gukoresha iminsi mikuru igihe icyo ari cyo cyose mu mwaka. Si ngombwa ko dutegereza umunsi runaka wihariye. Dushobora kurya ibyokurya byihariye, tugakina n’udukino dushimishije. Waba wifuza kubikora?— Ushobora wenda nko kubivuganaho n’ababyeyi bawe, ukabasaba kugufasha gukoresha umunsi mukuru. Ibyo byaba ari byiza cyane rwose, si byo se?— Icyakora, mbere yo gukoresha umunsi mukuru, ugomba kubanza kugenzura niba uwo munsi mukuru wawe uzashimisha Imana.
Dore indi mirongo igaragaza akamaro ko guhora dukora ibintu bishimisha Imana: Imigani 12:2; Yohana 8:29; Abaroma 12:2; na 1 Yohana 3:22.


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Amafoto: Kigali 1986 - 2021
Iterambere Umujyi wa Kigali umaze kugeraho rigaragarira cyane cyane mu igereranya ry’uko umujyi wagaragaraga mu myaka ishize n’uko ugaragara ubu.
Kigali Today yabakusanyirije amwe mu mafoto yo hambere agaragaza uko uduce dutandukanye twari tumeze ugereranyije n’uko twagiye tuvugururwa.
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KO mbona ntacyahindutse se
Aya mafoto ntabwo agaragara. Kuki ufata gusa Komini NYARUGENGE/KACYIRU? JYA MUCYARO CYAZO ZA BUTAMWA!!!Iyo ufata nyamirambo cg kimisagara ya kera ukayigereranya n iyubu. Nyabugogo, Gatenga, Nyagatovu ya Kimironko,kibagabaga, Nyarutarama,Bannyahe bikaba uko?
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