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Isomo rya 1: Abanyaroma 14, 7-12
Bavandimwe, nta n’umwe muri twe ubereyeho we ubwe, kandi nta n’umwe upfira we ubwe. Niba turiho, tubereyeho Nyagasani ; niba kandi dupfuye, dupfira Nyagasani. Twabaho, twapfa, turi aba Nyagasani. Koko rero ni cyo cyatumye Kristu apfa akazuka, kwari ukugira ngo abe ari we ugenga abapfuye n’abazima. Wowe rero, ni iki gituma ucira umuvandimwe wawe urubanza? Cyangwa ni iki gituma usuzugura umuvandimwe wawe, ko twese tuzashyikirizwa urukiko rw’Imana ? Kuko byanditswe ngo « Ndahiye ubuzima bwanjye – uwo ni Nyagasani ubivuga – icyitwa ivi cyose kizampfukamira, n’icyitwa ururimi cyose kizamamaze Imana. » Nuko rero, umuntu wese azisobanurira ibye imbere y’Imana.
Zaburi ya 26 (27),1,4, 13 -14
R/ Nizeye kuzabona ubugiraneza bw’Uhoraho, mu gihugu cy’abazima.
Uhoraho ni urumuri rwanjye n’agakiza kanjye,
ni nde wantera ubwoba ?
Uhoraho ni urugerero rw’ubugingo bwanjye,
ni nde wankangaranya ?
Ikintu kimwe nasabye Uhoraho kandi nkaba ngikomeyeho,
ni ukwiturira mu Ngoro y’Uhoraho,
iminsi yose y’ukubaho kwanjye,
kugira ngo mpore nirebera uburanga bw’Uhoraho,
kandi nite ku Ngoro ye ntagatifu.
Nyamara jye nizeye kuzabona ubugiraneza bw’Uhoraho,
mu gihugu cy’abazima.
Ihangane, wizigire Uhoraho,
ukomeze umutima, ube intwari !
Rwose wiringire Uhoraho !
Ivanjili ya Mutagatifu Luka 15, 1-10
Muri icyo gihe, abasoresha n’abanyabyaha basanga Yezu bose bashaka kumwumva. Abafarizayi n’abigishamategeko batangira kwijujuta bavuga bati « Uyu muntu ko yakira abanyabyaha akanasangira na bo » Nuko Yezu abacira uyu mugani ati « Ni nde muri mwe wagira intama ijana, imwe muri zo yazimira ntasige za zindi mirongo urwenda n’icyenda ku gasozi akajya gushakashaka iyazimiye kugeza igihe ayibonye ? Iyo amaze kuyibona ayiterera ku bitugu yishimye. Yagera iwe agakoranya incuti n’abaturanyi, akababwira ati “Nimuze twishimane, kuko nabonye intama yanjye yari yazimiye !” Ndabibabwiye : nguko uko umunyabyaha umwe wisubiraho azatera ibyishimo mu ijuru, birenze iby’intungane mirongo urwenda n’icyenda zidakeneye kwisubiraho.
«Cyangwa se ni nde mugore wagira ibiceri cumi, kimwe cyatakara ntacane itara ngo akubure inzu, ashakashake kugeza igihe akiboneye ? Iyo amaze kukibona akoranya incuti n’abaturanyi, akababwira ati “Nimuze twishimane, kuko nabonye igiceri cyanjye nari natakaje !” Ndabibabwiye : nguko uko abamalayika b’Imana bazishima kubera umunyabyaha umwe wisubiyeho. »


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Inyigisho yo ku wa kane w’icyumweru cya 34 B gisanzwe,
Ku wa 29 Ugushyingo 2012
AMASOMO: 1º. Hish 18, 1-2.21-23; 19, 1-3.9a; 2º. Lk 21, 20-28
Inyigisho yateguwe na Padiri Cyprien BIZIMANA
Iraridutse! Iraridutse Babiloni
Ari mu isomo rya mbere ari no mu Ivanjili, duhawe ubutumwa bukakaye. Ibivugwamo byose byadutera ubwoba turamutse tugarukiye ku bimenyetso by’inyuma bikarishye. Imidugararo, Ibiza n’isenyuka ry’umurwa biduteye kwibaza. Nyamara ariko ibyo bimenyetso byose bivugwa bihishe ibyishimo bitagereranywa.
None se twabuzwa n’iki kwishima tubonye isenyuka rya Babiloni. Babiloni iyo, wari umurwa w’icyamamare wahindutse intaho ya za Sekibi. Iyo yari indiri ya za roho mbi zose. Yari yaruzuyemo ibisiga byose by’ibivume kandi byahumanye. Iyo ni ishusho ry’ahantu hose hari abantu bigometse ku Mana bakikundira ibibi, bakarwanya UKURI. Tuzirikane ko mu ntangiriro za Kiliziya, aba-KRISTU bari barahimbye umugi wa Roma Babiloni kuko wari ugwiriyemo ingeso mbi nyinshi n’abarwanya Inkuru Nziza ya YEZU KRISTU. Iyo nyito bayifatiye kuri Babiloni ya Kera ya yindi ya Nabukodonozoro umwami wari warabaye ikirangirire mu bugome n’ubukozi bw’ibibi. Iyo Roma yiswe Babiloni rero yagombaga gusenyuka. Isenyuka ryayo, ni ryo Yohani yeretswe mu mabonekerwa ye. Iryo senyuka ni na ryo YEZU KRISTU ahanura mu Ivanjili. Duhamye ari ko uwo mugi atari Roma gusa y’icyo gihe. Ni ahantu hose h’ibihe byose hakoraniye ubugome n’ubunangizi. Ariko se koko, ni iki kigomba gusenyuka?
Umurwa wuzuyemo ubugome n’ubugomeramana, ugomba gusenyuka. Iryo senyuka, si ibintu si n’abantu kuko mu by’ukuri ibyo Imana yaremye byose ni byiza kandi irabikunda. Imana ikunda abantu bose n’aho baba ari abanyabyaha bingana iki! Irabakunda ikabihanganira igakomeza kubatumaho inkunzi zayo. Ikigomba gusenyuka, ni bwa bubasha butagaragara bwa Sekibi, ni bya binyabubasha byo mu kirere no mu kuzimu, ni ya myuka iduhindanyiriza roho. Ni za Sekibi zitubuganizamo ubugomeramana n’ubugome. Roma yari yuzuyemo izo roho mbi: abantu bari barataye umuco, bararyaga bakanywa maze ubundi bakiroha mu busambanyi, bagahora basebya izina rya YEZU KRISTU batoteza abayoboke be. Imyuka mibi yari yuzuyemo ntitwayirondora ngo tuyirangize. Iyo Roma (Babiloni) iracyigaragaza hirya no hino. Ni yo mpamvu abitwa aba-KRISTU bose aho bari hose bagomba kumva ko bafite ubutumwa bwo gupfukama no gusabira abari aho Babiloni yigaragaza hose. Abafite ubutumwa bwo kwamamaza YEZU KRISTU babukorane imbaraga zo gusingiza YEZU KRISTU no kwamagana bashize amanga kandi bihereyeho ibintu byose bitajyanye n’Inkuru Nziza bihindanya roho z’abantu.
Ikibabaje cyane, ni uko aho sekibi yaritse, YEZU KRISTU akomeza kuburira abantu ngo bitandukanye na yo maze bakanangira. Ikibabaje rwose, ni uko igihe kigera maze ibikorwa bya Sekibi bigasenyuka kandi bigahitana abantu b’inzirakarengane n’ibintu bitagize aho bihuriye n’amanjwe. Iyo YEZU yamamajwe abantu bakisubiraho, ibya Babiloni biyoyoka abamugarukiye batekanye mu Mahoro ya KRISTU. Duharanire kwamamaza YEZU KRISTU tutarambirwa maze ibyishimo bikwire ku isi turimbe duhanitse tuti: “Alleluya! Ubucunguzi, ikuzo n’ububasha ni iby’Imana yacu, kuko ubucamanza bwayo bukurikiza ukuri n’ubutabera,ikaba yaciriye urubanza rya habara ry’icyamamare ryahumanyaga isi riyiroha mu buhabara bwaryo, kandi igahorera amaraso y’abagaragu bayo”.
Ejo ku wa 28 Ugushyingo, Kiliziya mu Rwanda yizihije Umunsi Mukuru wa BIKIRA MARIYA NYINA WA JAMBO. Wabaye umunsi wo kongera kuzirikana ku butumwa uwo MUBYEYI yaje kutwibutsa dore hashize imyaka mirongo itatu. Dukomeze tumwisunge araduhakirwa ari na ko adufasha gusohoka muri Babiloni twinjira muri Yeruzalemu Nshya.
YEZU KRISTU AKUZWE MU MITIMA YACU.
BIKIRA MARIYA NYINA WA JAMBO ADUHAKIRWE ITEKA RYOSE.

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Uretse uburebure buhambaye, ubunini mu mubyimba n’uburambe, hari ibiti bigira amashami maremare yubaka ikimeze nk’igisenge, ibindi bikagara cyane bikamanura imizi ituruka ku mashami, ikazavamo uruti rusimbura urwa mbere.
Urubuga www.monumentaltrees.com rivuga ko igiti kiza ku isonga mu kugira igisenge kinini ari icyo mu bwoko bwa Ficus benghalensis kiri mu baturage bitwa Howrah bo mu gihugu cy’u Buhinde, igicucu cyacyo kikaba gitwikira ubuso bungana na metero kare 1200 (m2).
Kugira ngo amashami y’ibi biti atavunika, hari aho agera akamanura imizi ishorera mu bitaka ikamera nk’inkingi ziyateze, bikamera nk’aho ya mizi ihinduka nk’uruti (tige).
Igihe kiragera uruti rwatangiye ari umuzi rwikorera cya giti cyose rugasimbura uruti rwa mbere rwateranywe na cyo (kubera kugenda rurandaranda), bikaza kurangira igiti cyose cyarimutse aho cyari gitewe.
Mu busitani bwitwa Palerme muri Sicile ho mu Butaliyani igiti cyitwa ‘bosquet’ cyamaze kwimuka kijya hakurya y’akayira kakinyura iruhande, ndetse umubyimba wacyo watangiye ari umuzi ukaba warabaye inganzamarumbo y’ubugari bwa metero 13.5(m).
Ndacyayisenga Bienvenu


text:
Uko washyigikira
Nta mpano nto. Dore urugero rw’ibiciro mu ibikinewe muri 2015.
Insomero ziciriritse
Kwihangira Imirirmo Rusange
Ubuzima n’Imimibereho myiza
Biroroshye & Biratekanye
Ku ubufatanye n’umuryango Grace Rwanda Society, imfashanyo za INEZA Foundation zizajya zinyuzwa mu muryango Grace Rwanda. Ushobora gufasha ku uburyo butekanye ukoresheje konti yawe ya PayPal cyangwa ubundi buryo bw’amakarita ya banki. Uburyo bw’imfashanyo bwacu, buraguha guhitamo umushinga ushaka gufasha n’imfashanyo wifuza gutanga. Tubaye tubashimiye ubwitange bwanyu.
Umuryango Grace Rwanda ufite ubuzima gatozi nk’umuryango utagamije inyungu, muri Canada
BN: 850907460RR0001
INEZA Foundation ni umuryango Nyarwanda utari uwa Leta ugamije inyungu rusange.
Icyemezo cyo kwiyandiskisha: No 55/NGO/RGB/2014


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Ururimi rwitwa Kusunda muri Nepal nta nkomoko izwi yarwo kandi rufite ibindi byinshi bitangaje, nta magambo nka 'oya' cyangwa 'yego' rufite. Hasigaye kandi umuntu umwe gusa uruvuga neza.
Mu misozi y'agace ka Terai muri Nepal, Hima Kusunda w'imyaka 18 aturutse ku ishuri yigaho anabayo, yambaye umupira wo kwifubika w'iroza.
Hima ni umwe mu bantu bacye b'aba-Kusunda basigaye, ubwoko nyamucye mu basangwabutaka muri Nepal.
Ururimi rwabo narwo rwitwa Kusunda, rurihariye; abahanga mu ndimi bacyeka ko nta rurimi rusa narwo ku isi.
Kamala Khatri umuntu umwe usigaye uvuga Kusunda neza
Abashakashatsi n'ubu ntabwo bazi inkomoko yarwo. Kandi rufite urunyurane rw'ibintu bidasanzwe, harimo kutagira amagambo yemeza n'ahakana, cyangwa ijambo na rimwe ry'amerekezo.
Ibarura riheruka muri Nepal mu 2011, rivuga ko aba-Kusunda 273 ari bo bari basigaye. Ariko umugore umwe w'imyaka 48, Kamala Kharti, niwe gusa uzwi uvuga neza urwo rurimi.
Aba-Kusunda basigajwe inyuma kandi barakennye cyane muri sosiyete ya Napal.
Uyu munsi, benshi mu basigaye baba mu karere ka Dang ka Nepal, akarere k'imisozi, aha niho Komisiyo y'indimi ya Nepal yigishiriza ururimi rwa Kusunda kuva mu 2019 mu muhate wo kurubungabunga.
Mu myaka 10 ishize, mu gihe letaya Nepal yatangiraga gufasha amoko y'abasangwabutaka, yatangiye no kwishyurira amashuri Hima n'abandi bana b'aba-Kusunda no kwiga baba ku ishuri ryisumbuye rya Mahindra mu karere ka Dang â" aho bigishwa ururimi rwabo.
Hima avuka mu cyaro cya Pyuthan, akarere kegeranye na Dang, amaze imyaka ibiri yiga Kusunda. Ubu abasha kuvuga uru rurimi byo ku rwego rw'ibanze.
Ati: 'Mbere yo kuza ku ishuri muri Dang, nta kintu nari nzi mu rurimi rwa Kusunda, ariko ubu ntewe ishema no kumenya Kusunda, nubwo ntarwize nkivuka.'
Hima avuga ko yakundaga kumva andi moko baturanye avuga indimi zayo akibaza icyo byaba bisobanura mu rurimi gakondo rwe, ariko ataruzi.
Ati: 'Nibaza ko ari ingenzi cyane kuri njye no ku bandi kurengera uru rurimi.'
Ururimi rugeramiwe no kuzimira
Kuva cyera, aba-Kusunda babagaho basembera mu mashyamba yo mu burengerazuba bwa Nepal kugeza hagati mu kinyeshaka cya 20.
Bari batunzwe no guhiga inyoni, ibyugu, bakajya kugurisha inyama n'ibikoro mu mijyi ibegereye kugira ngo babone umuceri n'ifu.
Abatuye Nepal bariyongereye, ubuhinzi buraguka amashyamba arototerwa, bishyira igitutu ku buturo bw'aba-Kusunda. Nuko mu myaka ya 1950, leta ifata ingamba zo kurengera amashyamba maze bayabakuramo.
Aba-Kusunda bahatiwe guturana n'abandi ku mihana, bagahinga bakorora nk'abandi.
Nubwo ubu batuye mu mihana irimo n'andi moko bo baracyiyita 'Ban rajas', bivuze abami b'ishyamba.
Umubare wabo wari muto watumye biba ngombwa ko bashakana n'andi moko basanze. Bituma ururimi rwabo habura gato ngo ruzimire.
Hima Kusunda ari ku ishuri ryisumbuye aho yiga ibirimo ururimi rwe gakondo rwa Kusunda
Kuri bo, kubura ururimi rwabo bisobanuye kubura ihuriro n'amateka yabo no gutakaza abo ari bo.
Mu mboni y'ubuhanga mu ndimi, ni igihombo no mu bundi buryo.
Madhav Pokharel, 'emeritus professor' mu ndimi muri kaminuza ya Tribhuvan yo mu murwa mukuru wa Nepal, Kathmandu, yize ubushyinguranyandiko bw'ururimi rwa Kusunda mu myaka 15 ishize.
Asobanura ko inyigo nyinshi zagerageje kuruhuza n'izindi ndimi bijya gusa nka Burushaski rwo muri Pakistan na Nihali rwo mu Buhinde, ariko bakabura umwanzuro ufatika.
Ubu, abashakashatsi mu ndimi bavuga ko Kusunda ari ururimi rwarokotse ku ndimi gakondo za cyera cyane zavugwaga n'abantu bo karere ko munsi y'imisozi ya Himalaya mbere y'uko amoko y'aba Tibetan-Burman na Indo-Aryan ahagera.
Professor Madhav ati: 'Dushobora gucukumbura tukabona inkomoko y'izindi ndimi zose z'amoko yo muri Nepal ku bantu bavuye hanze ya Nepal, Kasunda yonyine niyo tutazi inkomo yayo.
Iruhande rw'inkomo yarwo y'amayobera, abahanga mu ndimi banabonye ibindi bintu byihariye ku rurimi Kusunda.
Bhojraj Gautam, umunyendimi wibanze cyane kuri Kusunda, avugamo kimwe mu byihariye cyane ari uko: nta buryo rufite bwo guhakana. Mu by'ukuri uru rurimi rufite amagambo macye cyane arimo ibintu bihakana.
Urugero iyo ushaka kuvuga ngo 'sinshaka icyacyi' ushobora gukoresha ijambo kunywa ariko mu buryo buhinduye bwerekana amarangumutima asobanura ko amahirwe yo kunywa icyayi ari ku rugero rwo hasi.
Kusunda kandi nta magambo ifite asobanura byimazeyo amerekezo, nk'iburyo cyangwa ibumoso, ahubwo uvuga akoresha amagambo nka 'kuri uru ruhande' na 'kuri ruriya ruhande'
Hagati aho, abahanga mu ndimi bavuga ko Kusunda nta mategeko y'ikibonezamvugo igira cyangwa imiterere y'ururimi iboneka mu zindi zo ku isi.
Umunyeshuri urimo kwiga Kusunda ku ishuri rya Mahindra High School
Ni ururimi rworoshya imvugo, kandi intururo zigize amagambo yarwo zigasobanurwa n'uvuga gusa.
Urugero, ibikorwa ntabwo bigabanyije mu nzagihe, indagihe cyangwa impitagihe.
Iyo uvuga Kusunda agize ati: 'Nabonye [cyera] inyoni' ugereranyije na 'Nzabona inyoni', agaragaza ko ari cyera ari uko gusa asobanuye uko byamugendekeye. Naho inzagihe yo ikomeza kuba rusange idafite ikintu ihuzwa nayo.
Kamala Khatri, umuntu wenyine usigaye ubasha kuvuga neza Kusunda, aba mu gace ka Ghorani. Ntiyigeze yigisha abana be uru rurimi, nk'uko abivuga.
Ati: 'Nibajije ko bagoma kwiga iki-Nepal kuko aricyo cy'ingenzi. Abantu basekaga ururimi rwacu, bakavuga ko rudasanzwe. Abavuga Kusunda bahuye no kunenwa gukabije. Ariko ubu ndicuza ko ntabasha kuvugana n'abana banjye mu rurimi rwacu.'
Kamala ubu arimo gukorana na Komisiyo y'indimi mu kwigisha Kusunda abantu 10 bo muri aka gace.
Ati: 'Nitubasha gusubiramo buri gihe, tukaruvuga, tukaririmba indirimbo zacu, nibwo tuzabasha gusigasira ururimi rwacu.'
Professor Madhav Pokharel we avuga ko bishobotse aba-Kusunda basigaye bashyirwa hamwe bakabana, bakajya baganira, bakibukirana amateka yabo bigafasha mu gusubiranya amateka n'ururimi byabo.
Ikoranabuhanga naryo ririmo gukoreshwa mu kugerageza kuzahura uru rurimi n'amateka yarwo.
NowHere Media, radio ikorera i Berlin mu Budage, imaze igihe ikorana n'aba-Kusunda mu kubafasha kwandika inyandiko z'ururimi wabo, umuco n'imigenzo.
NowHere yakoze 'documentary' mu mashusho asa n'ukuri ya '3D animation' agerageza kwerekana imibereho yo guhiga y'aba-Kusunda ba cyera.
Abayikoze bavuga ko abayireba batwarwa no kwinjira muri ubwo buzima kandi bakagomba kwiga kuvuga amagambo amwe y'iki-Kusunda kugira ngo babashe kumva no gukomeza kuryoherwa n'inkuru.
Intego yabo ni uko abantu b'imbere ahazaza bazabona ibintu bibitse mu buryo bwa 'digital' ku mateka n'ururimi rwa Kusunda.
Izindi mpirimbanyi ariko zo zihangayikishijwe n'umuhate ushyirwa mu bushakashatsi ku rurimi rwa Kusunda mu gihe benshi mu ba Kasunda bacye basigaye babayeho mu bukene bukabije.
Bahadur Lopchan, umunyamabanga wa Komisiyo y'indimi ya Nepal ati: 'Kuri bo gusigasira ururimi ni ikintu cy'amarangamutima gusa. Ntacyo bibazanira gifatika cy'inyungu.'
Ku bandi, 'Niba aba-Kusunda nta rurimi bafite, ntakizabatandukanya n'andi moko yasigajwe inyuma muri Nepal. Ururimi rubaha umwihariko n'ikibaranga, bigatuma leta ibitaho', nk'uko Lopchan abivuga.
Ku muhate w'abashakashatsi, ubu barimo gushaka ubutaka bwihariye aho aba-Kusunda bose basigaye batuzwa.
Aba bashakashatsi bavuga ko bitabaha gusa uburenganzira ku butaka, imibereho myiza n'uburezi, ahubwo byanongera kubahuza bakiga kandi bakagarura ururimi rwabo.
Kuzahura ururimi, kuzahura imibereho
Hari ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko kuzahura indimi gakondo z'abasangwabutaka bifitanye isano no kumererwa neza kwabo mu mutwe no mu mibereho.
Bwerekanye ko gukoresha indimi gakondo muri Amerika ya ruguru byafashije kugabanya kunywa itabi muri rubanda, bikongera imitekerereze myiza kandi bikagabanya indwara nka diabetes.
Hagati aho, ubushakashatsi bwa Britishi Columbia muri Canada, bwerekanye ko kwiyahura mu rubyiruko ari inshuro esheshatu mu moko y'abasangwabutaka aho munsi ya 50% by'abayagize ari bo bavuga indimi gakondo zabo.
Julia Sallabank, umwalimu w'indimi no kuzizahura muri Kaminuza ya Londres ati: 'Guhindura ururimi akenshi bifatwa nk'icyago mu mateka kiva ku bukoroni cyangwa gutsikamirwa no kwitakariza agaciro.
'Bityo, ibyo twabihindura mu gusubiza umuntu ururimi n'umuco bye bikamutera imbaraga, yaba we ubwe cyangwa sosiyete ye.'
Tugarutse i Dang, umwe mu ba Kusunda wiyumva gutyo ni Hima w'imyaka 18.
Ati: 'Ndumva nshobora guteza imbere uru rurimi. Buri gihe dushoboye kuvuga Kusunda nibwo rwakomeza kubaho. Ni ugukunda ururimi rwacu, niryo shema ryacu nibo turi bo.'
Hima Kusunda avuga ko azi icyo azaba cyo ahazaza; umwalimu w'indimi wigisha igi-Kusunda.
@BBC
The post Hari Ururimi rutagira ijambo 'Oya' na 'Yego' appeared first on IRIBA NEWS.
Source : https://iribanews.rw/2022/08/21/hari-ururimi-rutagira-ijambo-oya-na-yego/


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Kuri iki cyumweru tariki ya 20 Gicurasi 2018 nibwo hashojwe inama y’iminsi itatu y’Umuryango w’Ukwishyira ukizana na Demokarasi mu Muryango w’Ubumwe bw’Ibihugu by’i Burayi, Pasifika, Afurika na Karayibe (ALDEPAC) [Alliance of Liberals and Democrats of Europe, Pacific, Africa and Carribians] yigaga ku butwererane n’ubufatanye bw’ibihugu binyamuryango ndetse n’Afurika n’u Burayi.
Perezidante w’Inteko Ishingamategeko y’u Rwanda umutwe w’abadepite, Mukabalisa Donatile washoje iyi nama, yavuze ko bemeranyijwe ko imyanzuro yafatiwemo igomba kuva mu magambo ikajya mu bikorwa.
Iyi nama yahuje abayobozi b’inteko zishinga amategeko bo mu bihugu binyamuryango bya ALDEPAC aho nyuma y’iminsi itatu yafashe imyanzuro irebana n’ubufatanye mu kubungabunga ibidukikije, mu kubungabunga umutekano, ubufatanye mu bya Politike, ndetse n’ubufatanye bukomeye mu bucuruzi.
Mukabalisa yagize ati "Nyuma yo gufata iyi myanzuro twiyemeje ko iva mu magambo ikajya mu bikorwa."
Yakomeje avuga ko aba bagize inteko zishinga amategeko biyemeje kujya bakurikirana aho iyi myanzuro igeze ishyirwa mu bikorwa .
Kuri iyi nshuro iyi nama yabereye mu Rwanda, ifite insanganyamatsiko igira iti "Gushyira imbaraga mu butwererane mu Karere, Igisubizo ku kwishyira ukizana."


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General
IGICE CYA I: INTANGIRIRO RUSANGE
IGICE CYA I: INTANGIRIRO RUSANGE
1.1. Imiterere y’inyoborabarezi
Iki gitabo kigenewe umwarimu wigisha isomo rya Muzika mu mwaka wa mbere w’amashuri abanza. Iki gitabo cyanditswe gihereye ku nteganyanyigisho y’ubugeni n’ubuhanzi ishingiye ku bushobozi yateguwe n’Ikigo Gishinzwe Guteza Imbere Uburezi mu Rwanda (REB) mu mwaka wa 2015.
Iki gitabo cy’umwarimu gigizwe n’imitwe itatu. Buri mutwe usozwa n’isuzuma rusange rizafasha umwarimu gusuzuma ubushobozi bw’abanyeshuri kugira ngo arebe ko ari ngombwa guhita atangira undi mutwe cyangwa se ko agomba gusubira mu masomo atarumvikanye neza. Buri mutwe ugizwe n’amasomo atanu. Muri iki gitabo cy’ umwarimu hateganyijwe isomo ntangarugero rimufasha gutegura no gutanga amasomo ye uko bikwiye.
Muri iki gitabo cy’umwarimu harimo imyitozo inyuranye igamije gusuzuma ubushobozi bw’umunyeshuri nyuma ya buri somo. Icyakora imyitozo irimo si kamara; ku bw’ibyo rero, umwarimu yayiheraho agashaka indi akurikije ikigero abanyeshuri bagezeho n’aho ishuri rye riherereye.
Nk’uko isomo rya Muzika rigamije gukuza impano abana bifitemo ubwabo, twizeye ko iki gitabo cy’umwarimu kizamufasha kwigisha neza isomo rya Muzika ari na ko akundisha abanyeshuri kuririmba, bityo bikazabafasha kongera ubumenyi n’ubushobozi basanzwe bafite nk’uko bigaragara mu masomo atandukanye bazigishwa.
1.2. Imyigire n’imyigishirize
1.2.1. Guteza imbere ubushobozi
Guhera mu mwaka wa 2015 mu mashuri y’inshuke, abanza n’ayisumbuye u Rwanda rwasezereye imyigire n’imyigishirize yari ishingiye ahanini ku bumenyi, rwinjira mu myigire n’imyigishirize ishingiye ku bushobozi bukomatanya ubumenyi, ubumenyi ngiro n’ubukesha. Bityo imyigire n’imyigishirize yahaga umwarimu umwanya munini isimburwa n’imyigire n’imyigishirize iha abanyeshuri uruhare runini. Muri iyi myigire
kandi, umunyeshuri ahabwa ubumenyi, ubumenyi-ngiro n’ubukesha bimufasha gushyira mu bikorwa ibyo yize no gutanga ibisubizo by’ibibazo ahura na byo mu buzima bwe n’ubw’abandi.
Mu myigire ishingiye ku bushobozi, abanyeshuri ni bo bahabwa uruhare runini mu myigire yabo. Umwarimu ahera ku byo abanyeshuri basanzwe bazi kandi bafitiye ubushobozi, akabafasha kuvumbura ibindi bungurana ibitekerezo mu matsinda yabo. Iyo abanyeshuri bakorera mu matsinda umwarimu agenda abayobora atanga ubufasha ku babukeneye. Iyo barangije kungurana ibitekerezo mu matsinda, bamurika ibyo bagezeho, nyuma bagafatanya n’umwarimu kunononsora iby’ingenzi basigarana. Abanyeshuri ntibagomba gufatwa nk’aho nta cyo bazi. Umwarimu ntagomba kumva ko ari we ufite ubumenyi agomba kubapakiramo.
Uretse ubushobozi bwihariye bukubiye mu isomo, abanyeshuri biyunguramo ubushobozi nsanganyamasomo bageraho bitewe n’aho bigira n’ubuzima busanzwe babamo. Izi ni zimwe mu ngero z’ubushobozi nsanganyamasomo abanyeshuri bashobora kungukira mu isomo rya Muzika:
• Ubushishozi no gushakira ibibazo ibisubizo:
Ubu bushobozi buzafasha umunyeshuri gutekereza ahanga no gushyira mu gaciro ku buryo bwaguye, bituma abonera ibisubizo ibibazo ahura na byo mu buzima bwa buri munsi.
• Guhanga udushya:
Kunguka ubu bushobozi bizafasha umunyeshuri gufata iya mbere agatekereza ahereye ku byo azi, maze agahanga ibintu bishya.
• Ubushakashatsi:
Ubu bushobozi buzafasha umunyeshuri gukemura ibibazo ahereye ku makuru no ku bumenyi busanzweho no gusobanura ibintu ahereye ku makuru yakusanyije.
• Gusabana mu ndimi zemewe gukoreshwa mu gihugu:
Ubu bushobozi buzafasha abanyeshuri gusabana n’abandi nta mususu no gutanga ibitekerezo byabo ku buryo buboneye mu mvugo no mu nyandiko bakoresha imvugo n’amagambo bikwiye. Kubera iyo mpamvu, abarimu bose n’ubwo baba batigisha indimi, basabwa kugenzura ko abanyeshuri bakoresha uko bikwiye ururimi rwigishwamo.
• Ubufatanye, imibanire ikwiye n’abandi n’ubumenyi ngiro mu buzima bwa buri
munsi: Ubu bushobozi buzafasha abanyeshuri gukorana n’abandi mu matsinda, mu kazi ako ari ko kose bahawe barangwa n’imyitwarire n’indangagaciro bikwiye, bubaha uburenganzira, ibitekerezo n’imyitwarire binyuranye n’ibyabo. Ibi bizafasha kandi abanyeshuri gukora ibikorwa bijyanye no kubungabunga ibidukikije, gukora ubuvugizi ku byerekeye ubuzima bwabo n’ubw’umuryango bita ku isuku n’imirire iboneye kandi na none bakemura ibibazo bahura na byo mu buzima.
• Kwiga no guhora yiyungura ubumenyi:
Kunguka ubu bushobozi bizafasha abanyeshuri kujyana n’igihe biyungura ubumenyi n’ubumenyi ngiro batarinze gufashwa muri byose. Ibi bizabafasha kandi kujyana n’iterambere bibanda ku bumenyi n’ubumenyi ngiro bikenewe.
1.2.2. Kwita ku ngingo nsanganyamasomo
Zimwe mu ngero z’ingingo nsanganyamasomo zizibandwaho mu isomo rya Muzika ni izi zikurikira:
• Umuco w’amahoro:
Umuco w’amahoro ugaragara mu gihe umwarimu yigisha indirimbo: abanyeshuri bihatira gutega amatwi batuje, nta kumuvugiramo cyangwa kuvunda.
• Uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye bw’ibitsina byombi:
Bigaragara mu gihe umwarimu ahuza abanyeshuri b’abakobwa n’abanyeshuri b’abahungu mu matsinda kugira ngo baririmbire hamwe. Icyo gihe, asaba abanyeshuri gukora amatsinda atarobanura ku gitsina kandi akanabaha amahirwe angana mu gutanga ibisubizo, ibitekerezo n’ubundi bwunganizi.
• Uburezi budaheza:
Mu gihe mu ishuri harimo abana bafite ubumuga butandukanye, umwarimu abitaho kimwe na bagenzi babo batabufite. Abakeneye ubufasha bw’umwihariko abubaha uko ashoboye, kandi agakangurira abandi banyeshuri kubafasha nta kubaheza cyangwa kubanena.
• Uburere mbonezabukungu:
Aha, umwarimu yigisha abanyeshuri Muzika nk’isomo rizabagirira akamaro mu byerekeranye no kuba hari icyo bakwinjiza kijyanye n’umutungo, nk’uko hari abahanzi benshi bazwiho kuba binjiza amafaranga, bayakuye mu kuririmba ahantu hatandukanye: mu minsi mikuru, mu bitaramo n’ahandi.
1.2.3. Kwita ku banyeshuri bafite ibyo bagenerwa byihariye mu myigire
Mu ishuri, umwarimu asabwa kwita ku bafite ibibazo byihariye kugira ngo bashobore kujyana n’abandi.Iyo umwarimu avuga, arangurura ijwi kugira ngo afashe abatumva neza. Ashobora kandi no kubicaza hafi, akabasaba kumureba avuga, agakoresha ibishushanyo aho bishoboka hose, agakoresha ibimenyetso n’amarenga uko abishoboye.
Abatabona neza abicaza akurikije imiterere y’ubumuga bwo kutabona bafite byaba ari imbonahafi cyangwa imbonakure. Bityo abafite imbonahafi abicaza hafi naho abafite imbonakure akabicaza ahitaruye. Abafite ubumuga bw’ingingo z’umubiri, umwarimu abashakira umwanya bicaramo ubafasha mu myigire yabo.Mu isomo, abaha amahirwe yo gukora ibyo bashoboye.Urugero: umunyeshuri ufite ukuboko kumwe, mu ndirimbo zisaba gukoma amashyi, igihe abandi bakoma amashyi, we akoma ku ntebe ajyana n’abakoma amashyi.
Abanyeshuri bafite ubumuga bwo kutavuga no kutumva neza (kumva buhoro cyane), umwarimu ashobora kubaha utwumvisho (écouteurs/ earphones) bakaba bumva izo ndirimbo, aho gusigara bigunze mu gihe abandi bari gukora.
Abafite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe umwarimu atangira abafasha mu byo bakora ariko gahoro gahoro akagenda agabanya ubufasha abagenera. Umwarimu arabareka bagakorana n’abandi banyeshuri kandi akabatera umwete mu byo bagenda bageraho n’imbaraga bakoresha.
Abagenda buhoro mu myigire yabo bagomba gushyirwa mu matsinda y’ababyumva kurusha abandi kugira ngo babazamure, kandi umwarimu akabibandaho ababaza n’iyo baba batateye urutoki kugira ngo basubize. Bahabwa kandi imyitozo yihariye ituma bazamura ubushobozi bwabo.
1.2.4. Isuzuma
Isuzuma ni igenzura ry’imyigire n’imyigishirize hakusanywa amakuru ajyanye n’uburyo buri munyeshuri yiga ndetse no gufata umwanzuro ku byo umunyeshuri yagezeho hashingiwe ku bipimo byagenwe mbere yo gukora isuzuma. Isuzuma rero ni igice k’ingenzi mu myigire n’imyigishirize. Isuzuma rigizwe n’ubwoko butandukanye ari bwo ubu bukurikira:
1.2.4.1. Isuzuma ryo kugorora imyigire n’imyigishirize
Mu isuzuma ryo kugorora imyigire n’imyigishirize hakoreshwa uburyo busanzwe bukoreshwa n’amashuri mu gusuzuma ko abanyeshuri biga uko bikwiye. Mu gihe umwarimu ategura isomo rye, agomba kugena n’ibipimo bigenderwaho mu gusuzuma
ibyo abanyeshuri bize ndetse n’ubukesha bategerejweho bagitangira kwiga umutwe runaka. Umutwe urangije kwigwa, umwarimu asabwa kureba ko abanyeshuri bose bagaragaza uko bikwiye ubushobozi bw’ingenzi bugamijwe mu mutwe bashingiye ku bigenderwaho mu isuzuma, mbere y’uko batangira kwiga umutwe ukurikiraho.
Ubu bwoko bw’isuzuma muri iyi nyoborabarezi buri ukubiri: imyitozo y’isuzuma umwarimu agomba guha abanyeshuri nyuma y’ikigwa asuzuma ko intego z’isomo zagezweho, hakaba kandi n’imyitozo y’isuzuma rusange risoza umutwe ituma umwarimu afata umwanzuro wo gutangira undi mutwe.
1.2.4.2. Isuzuma rigamije kumenya intera abanyeshuri bagezeho
Mu gihe isuzuma rikozwe mu rwego rwo kugira ikemezo gifatwa ku bijyanye n’ubushobozi cyangwa ibyo umunyeshuri ashoboye gukora, riba rigamije kureba intera umunyeshuri agezeho. Isuzuma rigamije kureba intera umunyeshuri agezeho rigaragaza ishusho y’ubushobozi umunyeshuri amaze kugeraho mu gihe runaka kihariye. Intego y’ibanze isuzuma rigamije ni ukureba intera umunyeshuri agezeho no kugenzura niba intego z’isomo zaragezweho.
Isuzuma ritegurwa hashingiwe ku ntego zihariye z’isomo cyangwa ku bigenderwaho mu isuzuma rya buri mutwe. Isuzuma riteguye ku buryo risaba umunyeshuri gushyira mu bikorwa ibyo yize. Cyakora hagenda hagaragaramo n’ibibazo bike bimusaba kugaragaza ubumenyi bw’ibyo yize. Mu itegurwa ry’iri suzuma ibibazo bikurikirana hashingiwe ku nzego z’intego z’imyigire n’imyigishirize zagenwe n’umuhanga mu
iyigandero Bloom. Ni ukuvuga ko ibibazo biri ku ntera zo hejuru ku rwego rw’intego ari byo bihabwa umwanya ugaragara muri iyi nyoborabarezi kurusha ibibazo bishingiye ku ntera zo hasi zijyanye n’ubumenyi.
Mu isomo rya Muzika, hibandwa cyane cyane ku isuzumabumenyingiro. Iri suzuma rifite agaciro gakomeye mu myigishirize y’isomo kuko buri mwitozo uha umwarimu umwanya wo kumenya intambwe buri munyeshuri yateye muri iryo somo, akaboneraho n’akanyako gukosora ibitagenze neza. Ku rundi ruhande, buri munyeshuri abona umwanya wo gukora umwitozo wa wenyine cyangwa mu amatsinda.
Muri iyi nyoborabarezi, hateganyijwe ibibazo bibumbye amasomo yose yigishijwe mu mitwe yose igize isomo rya Muzika mu mwaka wa mbere. Igihe asuzuma mu isomo rya Muzika, umwarimu akwiye gushingira ku ngingo zikurikira:
• Ijwi,
• Injyana
Ibimenyetso byigana indirimbo
• Gufata mu mutwe,
• Kutagira ubwoba imbere y’abandi,
• Guhuza imbamutima n’ibikubiye mu ndirimbo, n’ibindi.
1.2.5. Uburyo bw’imyigire y’abanyeshuri n’imiyoborere y’uburyo bw’imyigire n’imyigishirize
Hari uburyo butandukanye bw’imyigishirize n’uburyo bwo kuyigeraho. Guhitamo uburyo bw’imyigishirize bigomba kwitonderwa cyane kandi hari ibigomba kwitabwaho nk’umwihariko w’amasomo, ubwoko bw’amasomo, intego zayo, imfashanyigisho uburyo abanyeshuri bicaye mu ishuri, ibikenewe kuri buri munyeshuri, ubushobozi bwe n’uburyo bwe bw’imyigire.
Hari uburyo bune bw’imyigire y’abanyeshuri busobanurwa mu buryo bukurikira:
a) Abanyeshuri b’umurava n’abanyeshuri b’abasesenguzi:
Abanyeshuri b’umurava basobanukirwa neza ikintu iyo bakiganiraho, bagishyira mu bikorwa cyangwa bagisobanurira abandi. Naho abanyeshuri b’abasesenguzi bo basobanukirwa ikintu ari uko babanje kugitekerezaho cyane.
b) Abanyeshuri bagendera mu murongo umwe n’abanyeshuri b’abacukumbuzi
Aba ba mbere bakunda ibintu bifatika. Bakemura ibibazo banyuze mu nzira zagenwe (ntibakunda ibibagora) mu gihe ab’abacukumbuzi bakunda guhanga ibishya kandi ntibakunda gusubira mu bintu bimwe.
c) Abanyeshuri bitegereza n’abanyeshuri babwirwa
Abanyeshuri bitegereza bagaragazwa no kwibuka neza ibyo babonye cyangwa bitegereje n’amaso yabo (ibishushanyo, amashusho, amafoto, amafirimi, n’ibindi...). Abanyeshuri babwirwa bo, bagaragazwa no kumva neza ibyo babwiwe mu magambo (ibyandikwa n’ibivugwa).
d) Abanyeshuri bumva intambwe ku yindi n’abanyeshuri bumva muri rusange
Abanyeshuri bumva intamwe ku yindi bo basobanukirwa binyuze mu gufashwa buhoro buhoro, berekwa isano iri hagati y’igice runaka n’ikikibanziriza cyangwa ikigikurikira, naho abanyeshuri bumva muri rusange bumva igitekerezo rusange cy’isomo, batagombye kwigora baryinjiramo ryose uko ryakabaye.
1.2.6. Imyigishirize iha uruhare umunyeshuri
Uburyo butandukanye bw’imyigire bwavuzwe haruguru bushobora kugerwaho mu gihe umwarimu akoresheje uburyo bw’imyigishirize iha uruhare umunyeshuri, aho abanyeshuri bagira uruhare rw’ibanze mu myigire yabo.
Imyigishirize iha uruhare umunyeshuri ni iki?
Ni uburyo bwinjiza abanyeshuri mu gukora no gutekereza ku byo bari gukora. Muri iyi myigire, abanyeshuri bashishikarizwa kuzana ibyo bashoboye n’ibyo bazi igihe bari kwiga.
Uruhare rw’umwarimu mu myigishirize ishingiye ku bushobozi
• Umwarimu afasha abanyeshuri akoresha uburyo bwo kubaza, uburyo bwo kuganira mu matsinda, ubushakashatsi, ibikorwa by’ubucukumbuzi n’imikoro ku giti cyabo.
• Akoresha abanyeshuri isuzuma bwite cyangwa mu matsinda yaguye iyo bari mu ishuri kandi agakoresha isuzuma rishingiye ku bushobozi.
• Aha abanyeshuri amahirwe yo kuzamura ubushobozi butandukanye bifitemo, abagenera ibyo gukora bizamura ubushishozi, ubushobozi bwo gukemura ibibazo, ubushakashatsi, guhanga ibishya, kuganira no gufatanya.
• Umwarimu afasha ubu buryo bw’imyigire mu guha agaciro uruhare rw’abanyeshuri mu bikorwa byabo ku ishuri.
Uruhare rw’abanyeshuri mu myigire yabo.
Abanyeshuri nibo urufunguzo rw’imyigire ibaha uruhare mu myigire yabo. Ntabwo ari abo gufatwa nk’aho ntacyo bazi, ko umwarimu agomba kubapakiramo ibyo agomba kubaha, ahubwo akabafata nk’abantu buzuye ibitekerezo, ubushobozi n’ubukesha byo kubakiraho imyigire ihamye. Umunyeshuri wiga muri ubu buryo
• Aganira kandi asangiza abandi banyeshuri ibyo yifitemo binyuze mu kwerekana, kuganira n’abandi, mu mikoro y’amatsinda, no mu bindi bimuha uruhare (kwigana, ubushakashatsi, ubucukumbuzi...)
• Kugira uruhare rugaragara no kugira inshingano ku myigire ye.
• Kuzamura ubumenyi n’impano yifitemo, mu gukora.
• Gukora ubushakashatsi n’ubucukumbuzi binyuze mu gusoma ibiri mu bitabo cyangwa kuri murandasi no kubaza abantu batandukanye, hanyuma akabwira abandi ibyo yagezeho.
• Gutuma buri munyeshuri mu bagize itsinda rye agira uruhare mu mukoro watanzwe mu itsinda binyuze mu gutanga ibisobanuro, ubushishozi, inshingano no kwigirira ikizere mu gihe avuga mu ruhame.
• Gutanga umwanzuro ushingiye ku byagezweho mu kwiga.
Ibice by’ingenzi by’isomo mu buryo bw’imyigishirize iha uruhare umunyeshuri Ibiranga imyigire iha umunyeshuri uruhare byavuzwe haruguru bigaragara mu bice by’isomo bikurikira. Muri rusange, isomo rigabanyije mu bice bitatu by’ingenzi, aho buri gice na cyo kigabanyijemo ibikorwa byinjiza abanyeshuri mu gikorwa cyo kwiga. Ibyo bice ni ibi bikurikira:
1. Intangiriro
Intangiriro ni igice umwarimu yerekanamo ihuriro hagati y’isomo ry’uwo munsi n’isomo riribanziriza. Atangiza ikiganiro kigamije gufasha abanyeshuri gutekereza ku byo bize mu isomo ryabanje no kubihuza n’intego y’isomo ry’uwo munsi. Umwarimu yibanda ku bumenyi bw’ingenzi, ubumenyingiro n’ubukesha bifitanye isano n’ibyo mu isomo rishya mu rwego rwo kubaka ishingiro rihamye no gukurikiza neza uruhererekane.
2. Isomo nyirizina
Isomo nyirizina rikubiyemo inyigisho nshya rikorwa mu ntambwe nto zikurikira: ibikorwa by’ivumburamatsiko, kwerekana ibyo abanyeshuri bagezeho, kubibyaza umusaruro, gukora incamake n’imyitozo cyangwa kubishyira mu bikorwa, nk’uko bisobanurwa muri
ubu buryo:
Ibikorwa by’ivumburamatsiko
Intambwe ya mbere:
• Umwarimu asaba abanyeshuri kumenya ko uruhare rwabo mu myigire ari rwo rwa mbere.
• Abaha ibyo gukora akanababwira amabwiriza yose abigenga (niba barabikora mu matsinda yagutse, ya babiri babiri cyangwa niba ari buri muntu ukwe, kugira ngo bibafashe kuvumbura ubumenyi bugamijwe gutangwa).
Intambwe ya kabiri:
Umwarimu:
• aha umwanya abanyeshuri bagakora ibyo yabahaye mu matsinda.
• yirinda guhita asubiza abanyeshuri ku bijyanye n’ibyateganyijwe kwigwa uwo munsi.
• Agerageza kuba umuyobozi wabo ariko atabasubiriza ibibazo, ahubwo abayobora mu nzira igana ibisubizo, kandi agafasha abasigara inyuma.
Kwerekana ibyo abanyeshuri bagezeho:
• Muri aka gace, umwarimu atumira abahagarariye amatsinda bakaza kwerekana imbere y’abandi banyeshuri ibyo amatsinda yabo yagezeho.
• Nyuma y’uko amatsinda atatu cyangwa ane amaze kwerekana ibyo yagezeho, umwarimu asaba abanyeshuri bose kubyaza umusaruro ibyavuzwe n’amatsinda.
Kubyaza umusaruro ibyagezweho n’abanyeshuri
• Umwarimu asaba abanyeshuri kugenzura umusaruro wavuye mu byakozwe: ibishyitse, ibituzuye neza n’ibitari byo.
• Nyuma umwarimu agerageza kumva ukuri kw’ibyavuzwe n’abanyeshuri, akabafasha gukosora ibyo bibeshye, akuzuza ibituzuye, akemeza ibishyitse.
Umwanzuro/incamake/ingero
Umwarimu atanga incamake y’ibyizwe kandi agatanga n’ingero zisobanura neza ibyizwe.
Imyitozo/gushyira mu bikorwa ibyizwe
• Hatangwa imyitozo igendanye n’ibyizwe mu ishuri
• Hatangwa kandi imyitozo ishingiye ku buzima bwa buri munsi ariko bufite aho buhurira n’ibyizwe mu ishuri.
Umwarimu afasha abanyeshuri guhuza ibyizwe n’ubuzima bwa buri munsi. Kuri iyi ntera, uruhare rw’umwarimu ni ukuyobora abanyeshuri mu gucengerwa n’ibyo bize.
3. Isuzuma
Kuri iyi ntambwe, umwarimu abaza abanyeshuri bimwe mu bibazo agamije kureba niba intego z’isomo zagezweho. Muri iki gikorwa k’isuzuma, buri munyeshuri asuzumwa ku giti ke. Umwarimu yirinda guhita atanga ibisubizo, ahubwo ibivuye mu isuzuma biha umwarimu icyo azakorera abanyeshuri muri rusange n’umunyeshuri ku giti ke. Rimwe na rimwe, umwarimu ashobora gusoza isomo atanga umukoro wo mu rugo.
IGICE CYA II: URUGERO RW’IMBATA Y’ISOMO
Isomo ry’uturirimbo tuvuga ku byiza by’ishuri
Izina ry’ishuri: ........................................Amazina y’umwarimu:...........................…
1.1.Ubushobozi bw’ingenzi bugamijwe:
Kuririmba mu ruhame uturirimbo tunyuranye.
1.2.Ubushobozi shingiro:
Kugira ngo ubushobozi bugamijwe muri uyu mutwe bugerweho, umuyeshuri agomba kuba ashoboye:
• Kuririmba
• Gufatanya n’abandi
• Kubana neza n’abandi, kwigirira ikizere
• Gutinyuka kuvugira mu ruhame
1.3.Ingingo nsanganyamasomo zizitabwaho:
1.3.1.Umuco w’amahoro
Iyi ngingo nsanganyamasomo igaragara igihe abanyeshuri batega amatwi umwarimu uri kubigisha indirimbo no mu gihe baririmba kandi banasobanurirana indirimbo zivuga ku kinyabupfura.
1.3.2.Uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye bw’ibitsina byombi:
Iyi ngingo nsanganyamasomo igaragara mu gihe umwarimu asaba abanyeshuri gukora amatsinda adaheza akanabaha amahirwe angana mu gutanga ibisubizo, ibitekerezo n’ubundi bwunganizi.
1.3.3.Uburezi budaheza:
Bigaragara mu gihe umwarimu yita kuri buri munyeshuri cyane cyane hitabwa ku kwegera abafite ubumuga.
1.3.4.Kubungabunga ibidukikije:
Iyi ngingo nsanganyamasomo igaragara igihe abanyeshuri baririmba kandi banasobanurirana indirimbo zijyanye n’ibidukikije.
1.4.Uburyo bwo gutangira umutwe
Umwarimu yinjiza abanyeshuri mu isomo atanga umwitozo wo kuririmba. Bashobora kuririmba umwe umwe ku giti ke cyangwa bakaririmba bari mu matsinda, indirimbo bazi cyangwa imwe mu zo bize mu mitwe yabanje.
1.5.Urutonde rw’amasomo
1.6.Ibiteganywa gukorwa mu kwigisha aya masomo
Mu ntangiriro:
• Umwarimu yereka abanyeshuri amashusho cyangwa amafoto yateguye. Abanyeshuri babyitegereza batuje, nyuma yaho akabasaba kuvuga ibyo babona kuri ayo mashusho cyangwa amafoto.
• Umwarimu abaza abanyeshuri utubazo dutandukanye tuganisha ku isomo ry’umunsi. Si ngombwa kwibanda ku tubazo twatanzweho ingero, umwarimu ashobora gutegura utundi tujyanye n’isomo agiye kwigisha.
Mu isomo nyirizina:
• Umwarimu aririmba indirimbo nshya inshuro imwe yitoze, ashyiramo amarangamutima ashoboka. Icyo gihe, abanyeshuri baba bateze amatwi.
• Yongera kuririmba, agasaba abanyeshuri gutega amatwi bumva neza amagambo avugwa muri iyo ndirimbo n’injyana yayo.
• Umwarimu kandi asaba abanyeshuri kuvuga niba hari amagambo bumvise badasobanukiwe.
• Afasha abanyeshuri gusobanukirwa amagambo akomeye.
• Abanyeshuri basobanurirana muri make icyo iyo ndirimbo ivuga.
• Umwarimu aririmba umurongo umwe umwe, abanyeshuri bagasubiramo. Iyo birangiye, asaba abanyeshuri kuririmba indirimbo yose aafatanyije nabo.
• Umwarimu asaba abanyeshuri kuririmba bonyine.
Mu isuzuma:
Mu isuzuma ryo kuririmba, umwarimu asuzuma ko umwana ashobora kuririmba akaririmbo yigishijwe adategwa, yemye kandi agasobanura neza amagambo ari mo. Asaba umwana umwe umwe kuririmba igice kimwe k’indirimbo. Bashobora no kuririmbira mu matsinda.
Isomo rya 1: Uturirimbo tuvuga ku byiza by’ishuri
a) Intego zihariye
• Kwigana neza ijwi ry’indirimbo n’amagambo ayigize
• Kuririmbana n’abandi
• Kuririmbira mu ruhame
b) Imfashanyigisho
• Ibishushanyo bigaragaza ishuri n’ibyiza by’ishuri (nk’abanyeshuri bari mu ishuri, bakina, umwarimu abigisha n’ibindi…)
• Ibikoresho byumvikanisha amajwi y’indirimbo (telefoni, radiyo,…)
c) Uko isomo ritangwa
Intangiriro
Umwarimu asaba abanyeshuri kuririmba akaririmmbo bazi cyangwa akabaza abanyeshuri utubazo dutandukanye, tuganisha ku isomo ry’umunsi.
Ingero:
1) Mwavuye mu rugo mubwiye ababyeyi ko mugiye he?
=Ku ishuri
2) Ku ishuri muba mugiye gukora iki?
=Kwiga
3) Vuga ibindi mukora iyo muri ku ishuri.
=Gukina, gukora isuku…
Isomo nyirizina:
Umwarimu ahitamo kamwe muri utu turirimbo yabanje kutwumva neza (akoresheje igikoresho cyumvikanisha indirimbo) no kutwiga, kugira ngo arebe agakwiranye n’umwanya afite cyangwa akabasha korohera abanyeshuri:
Akaririmbo ka 2: Ibyiza by’ishuri
Iyo ngeze mu ishuri
Nshimishwa no guhura na mwarimu
Na bagenzi bange nkahigira byinshi birimo n’ikinyabupfura,
gusoma no kwandika.
Nzakunda ishuri nzabe umuntu muzima (x2).
Akaririmbo ka 3:Nkunda ishuri
Iyo ngiye ku shuri ngenda nishimye
Nsanga bagenzi bange
Nkunda umwarimu ngakunda amasomo
Sinzarivamo
Iyo ngeze mu ishuri numva nishimye
Banyigisha imibare
n’andi masomo y’ingirakamaro,
Sinzarivamo.
Iyo turi ku ishuri numva nishimye
Nkina na bagenzi bange
Ntozwa uburere ngakunda amasomo
Sinzarivamo
Iyo mvuye ku ishuri ntaha nishimye
Nsanga ababyeyi bange
Banyakira neza n’ubwuzu
Sinzarivamo
Isuzuma:
Isuzuma rikorwa mubyiciro bibiri: ibibazo bijyanye no kuririmba n’ibibazo bijyanye n’insanganyamatsiko.
I.Kuririmba
Umwarimu akoresha isuzuma ryo kuririmba, yubahiriza ibigenderwaho bivugwa mu ntangiriro y’uyu mutwe.
II.Ibibazo biganisha ku nsanganyamatsiko y’indirimbo
1. Nikundira Umwarimu (Ntambara Jean)
• Ninde wavuga icyo yumvise muri iyi ndirimbo?
• Muri iyi ndirimbo batubwira ko umwarimu akora iki?
• Ninde wavuga ibindi umwarimu akora bitavuzwe muri iyi ndirimbo?
2. Ibyiza by’ishuri
• Vuga ibintu wigira ku ishuri bivugwa muri iyi ndirimbo.
3. Nkunda ishuri:
• Ni iki kigushimisha kivugwa muri iyi ndirimbo?
Isomo rya 2: Uturirimbo tuvuga ku muryango
a) Intego zihariye
• Kwigana ijwi ry’indirimbo n’amagambo ayigize
• Kuririmbana n’abandi
• Gutinyuka kuvugira mu ruhame
• Gukunda umuryango n’abawugize
b) Imfashanyigisho
• Ibishushanyo bigaragaza umuryango n’abawugize (data, mama, abana, sogokuru, nyogokuru n’abandi).
• Ibikoresho byumvikanisha amajwi y’indirimbo
c) Uko isomo ritangwa
Intangiriro
Umwarimu afasha abanyeshuri kujya mu matsinda.
Abanyeshuri bajya mu matsinda, bakaririmba akaririmbo bize mu isomo riheruka.
Iyo barangije kuririmba, Umwarimu abaza abanyeshuri utubazo dutandukanye, tuganisha ku isomo ry’umunsi:
Ingero:
1) Ni bande mubana mu rugo?
=Ababyeyi, bakuru banjye, barumuna banjye…
2) Vuga abandi bantu mufitanye isano ariko mutabana mu rugo.
=sogokuru, nyogokuru, mama wacu, data wacu, marume....
Isomo nyirizina:
Umwarimu ahitamo kamwe muri utu turirimbo yabanje kutwumva neza (akoresheje igikoresho cyumvikanisha indirimbo) no kutwiga, kugira ngo arebe agakwiranye n’umwanya.
Uturirimbo two kwiga:
Akaririmbo ka 1: Umuryango wange
Umuryango wange data na mama n’abavandimwe
Dufashanya byinshi bituma dutera imbere
Twumvira ababyeyi na bo bakatwitaho
Dushimiye Imana niyo ibidushoboza
NB: Abanyeshuri baririmba bakoma amashyi bakubita ibiganza bya bagenzi babo bari iburyo n’ibumoso.
Akaririmbo ka 2: Mubyeyi wambyaye
Mubyeyi wambyaye mama wandeze
Mubyeyi wambyaye nakwitura iki?
Waraye amajoro udasinziriye
Kugira ngo mvuke warababaye.
Mubyeyi wambyaye data wandeze
Mubyeyi wambyaye na kwitura iki?
Wafashije mama kumpa ubuzima
Mwampaye uburere ndabashimira. Bavandimwe bange tuvukana
Ndabashimira mwampaye urugero
Nange nzababera umwana mwiza
Nzabahesha ishema mu bandi babyeyi.
Isuzuma
Isuzuma rikorwa mubyiciro bibiri: ibibazo bijyanye no kuririmba n’ibibazo bijyanye n’insanganyamatsiko.
I.Kuririmba
Umwarimu akoresha isuzuma ryo kuririmba, yubahiriza ibigenderwaho bivugwa mu ntangiriro y’uyu mutwe.
II.Ibibazo biganisha ku nsanganyamatsiko y’indirimbo
1. Umuryango wange:
• Niki batubwira muri iyi ndirimbo?
• Umuryango wawe ugizwe na ba nde?
2. Mubyeyi wambyaye:
• Ugendeye ku karirimbo mwize, ni akahe kamaro k’ababyeyi?
• Ni iki wumva uzakorera ababyeyi bawe cyangwa abakurera kubera ibyiza bagukorera?
Isomo rya 3: Uturirimbo tuvuga ku isuku y’umubiri no ku bidukikije
a) Intego zihariye:
• Kwigana ijwi ry’indirimbo n’amagambo ayigize
• Kuririmbana n’abandi
• Gutinyuka kuvugira mu ruhame
• Kugira isuku no gufata neza ibidukikije
b) Imfashanyigisho:
• Ibishushanyo cyangwa amafoto bigaragaza uburyo butandukanye bwo kugira isuku y’umubiri (gukaraba, gufura imyenda…)
• Ibishushanyo cyangwa amafoto bigaragaza ibidukikije (Imisozi, amashyamba, inzuzi, ibiyaga…)
• Ibikoresho byumvikanisha amajwi y’indirimbo.
c) Uko isomo ritangwa:
Intangiriro:
• Umwarimu afasha abanyeshuri kujya mu matsinda.
• Abanyeshuri bajya mu matsinda, bakaririmba akaririmbo bize mu isomo riheruka.
• Nyuma yo kuririmba, Umwarimu abaza abanyeshuri utubazo dutandukanye, tuganisha ku isomo ry’umunsi:
Ingero:
1)Mwese mugirira isuku umubiri wanyu?
=Yego
2)Muyikora mute?
=Turakaraba, tukamesa imyenda…
3)Iyo bavuze ibidukikije mwumva iki?
=Ibiti, imigezi, ibiyaga, imisozi…
Isomo nyirizina:
Umwarimu ahitamo kamwe muri utu turirimbo yabanje kutwumva neza (akoresheje igikoresho cyumvikanisha indirimbo) no kutwiga, kugira ngo arebe agakwiranye n’umwanya afite:
Uturirimbo two kwiga:
Akaririmbo ka 1: Akamaro k’isuku
Isuku ni isoko y’ubuzima
Nzisukura wese umubiri n’imyambaro
Nzamesa kenshi noge buri munsi
Nirinde indwara umwanzi w’ubuzima
Akaririmbo ka 2: Isuku ni ingenzi
Habayeho akana kagira umwanda
kakundaga kurya kadakarabye,
Ababyeyi bako bahoraga iteka
bakabwira yuko isuku ari ingenzi
Nyamara ako kana kakica amatwi Hm!
Rimwe kararwara kajya kwa muganga.
Kamazeyo iminsi kataza ku ishuri
Mu masomo yose gasigara inyuma.
Ngaho rero bana mugire isuku,
isuku ni isoko y’ubuzima!
Akaririmbo ka 3: Mbega ibyiza
Utunyoni twinshi turirimba neza
tunyibutsa iwacu kare mu gitondo.
Utugezi twiza dutemba mu mashyamba
tunyibutsa igihe ngiye ku ishuri
Mbega ibyiza mbega ibyiza mbega ibyiza we!
Mbega ibyiza mbega ibyiza mbega ibyiza we!
Akaririmbo ka 4: Hafi y’iwacu
Hafi y’iwacu hari ibiti byiza
hahoramo utunyoni turirimba neza
ngo ncwi! ncwi! ncwi! Bikantera ibyishimo.
Ku ishuri ryacu hari ubusitani
Hateyemo uturabyo duhumura neza
hm! hm! hm! bikantera ibyishimo.
Isuzuma
Isuzuma rikorwa mubyiciro bibiri: ibibazo bijyanye no kuririmba n’ibibazo bijyanye n’insanganyamatsiko.
I.Kuririmba
Umwarimu akoresha isuzuma ryo kuririmba, yubahiriza ibigenderwaho bivugwa mu ntangiriro y’uyu mutwe.
II.Ibibazo biganisha ku nsanganyamatsiko y’indirimbo
1. Akamaro k’isuku:
• Kuki tugomba kugira isuku?
• Ni gute tugomba kugira isuku ?
2. Isuku ni ingenzi:
• Akana kavugwa muri iyi ndirimbo karangwaga n’iyihe mico?
• Ababyeyi bako bahoraga bakabwira ngo iki?
• Mbese kakurikizaga ibyo ababyeyi bakabwiraga?
• Nyuma byaje kukagendekera bite?
• Ni irihe somo ukuye muri aka karirimbo?
3. Mbega ibyiza:
• Ni iki kivugwa muri aka karirimbo kikubwira ko bukeye?
• Ugendeye ku bivugwa muri aka karirimbo, ni iki kikubwira ubwiza bw’iwanyu cyangwa ku ishuri?
4. Hirya y’iwacu
• Ni iki kigutera ibyishimo kivugwa muri aka karirimbo?
• Mu busitani bwo ku ishuri dusangamo iki?
Isomo rya 4: Uturirimbo tuvuga ku kinyabupfura
a) Intego zihariye
• Kwigana ijwi ry’indirimbo n’amagambo ayigize
• Kuririmbana n’abandi
• Gutinyuka kuvugira mu ruhame
• Kugira ikinyabupfura
b) Imfashanyigisho
• Ibishushanyo cyangwa amafoto bigaragaza imigenzo mbonezabupfura (Gusuhuza abantu, kwimukira umuntu mukuru umuha ikicaro, gutwaza utuntu umuntu wananiwe n’ibindi…)
• Ibikoresho byumvikanisha amajwi y’indirimbo.
c) Uko isomo ritangwa
Intangiriro
• Umwarimu afasha abanyeshuri kujya mu matsinda.
• Abanyeshuri bajya mu matsinda, bakaririmba akaririmbo bize mu isomo riheruka.
• Iyo barangije kuririmba, Umwarimu abaza abanyeshuri utubazo dutandukanye, tuganisha ku isomo ry’umunsi:
Ingero:
1)Iyo winjiye mu rugo rw’umuntu ukora iki?
=Urasuhuza
2)Iyo umuntu ari kuvuga (nk’umwarimu) umutega amatwi umeze ute?
=Ucecetse
3)Iyo uri ku meza wirinda iki?
=Gusahuranwa, kurya uvuga,...
4)Iyo wicaye umuntu mukuru ahagaze ukora iki?
=Ndamwimukira
5)Umuntu ukora ibyo byose tumaze kumva, bavuga ko afite iki?
= Ikinyabupfura
Isomo nyirizina
Umwarimu yigisha akaririmbo gakurikira yabanje kukumva neza (akoresheje igikoresho cyumvikanisha indirimbo) no kukiga:
Akaririmbo ko kwiga:
Akaririmbo ka 1: Imbonezabupfura
Rimwe kabiri gatatu tworoherane,
Kane gatanu dukore cyane,
Gatandatu twishime,
Karindwi umunani twiteze imbere,
Ikenda icumi twamagane ibiyobyabwenge.
Isuzuma
Isuzuma rikorwa mubyiciro bibiri: ibibazo bijyanye no kuririmba n’ibibazo bijyanye n’insanganyamatsiko.
I.Kuririmba
Umwarimu akoresha isuzuma ryo kuririmba, yubahiriza ibigenderwaho bivugwa mu ntangiriro y’uyu mutwe.
II.Ibibazo biganisha ku nsanganyamatsiko y’indirimbo
Vuga byibura ibintu bibiri bigaragaza ikinyabupfura bivugwa muri iyi ndirimbo.
Isomo rya 5: Uturirimbo tuvuga ku mibare y’ibanze
a) Intego zihariye
• Kwigana ijwi ry’indirimbo n’amagambo ayigize
• Kuririmbana n’abandi
• Gutinyuka kuvugira mu ruhame
• Kumenya neza imibare y’ibanze
b) Imfashanyigisho
•• Ibishushanyo bigaragaza imibare y’ibanze (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10)
•• Ibikoresho byumvikanisha amajwi y’indirimbo.
c) Uko isomo ritangwa
Intangiriro
• Umwarimu afasha abanyeshuri kujya mu matsinda.
• Abanyeshuri bajya mu matsinda, bakaririmba akaririmbo bize mu isomo riheruka.
• Barangije kuririmba, Umwarimu abaza abanyeshuri utubazo dutandukanye, tuganisha ku isomo ry’umunsi:
Urugero: Vuga imibare y’ibanze uzi.
Isomo nyirizina
Umwarimu ahitamo kamwe muri utu turirimbo yabanje kutwumva neza (akoresheje igikoresho cyumvikanisha indirimbo) no kutwiga kugira ngo arebe agakwiranye n’umwanya afite.
Uturirimbo two kwiga:
Akaririmbo ka 1: Nge nzi kubara
Nge nzi kubara
rimwe kabiri gatatu kane.
Nge nzi kubara
gatanu gatandatu karindwi
Nge nzi kubara.
umunani ikenda icumi.
Akaririmbo ka 2: Imibare y’ibanze
Rimwe kabiri gatatu tworoherane,
twitoze umuco w’imbabazi
kane gatanu gatandatu tuzakore cyane
Karindwi umunane twiteze imbere
ikenda icumi twirinde ibiyobyabwenge
Isuzuma
Isuzuma rikorwa mubyiciro bibiri: ibibazo bijyanye no kuririmba n’ibibazo bijyanye n’insanganyamatsiko.
I.Kuririmba
Umwarimu akoresha isuzuma ryo kuririmba, yubahiriza ibigenderwaho bivugwa mu ntangiriro y’uyu mutwe.
II.Ibibazo biganisha ku nsanganyamatsiko y’indirimbo
• Vuga imibare ivugwa mu ndirimbo mwize.
1.7.Isuzuma risoza umutwe wa mbere
Muri iri suzuma, umwarimu agenzura niba umunyeshuri afite ubushobozi bwo kuririmba akaririmbo yigishijwe adategwa, yemye kandi ashobora gusobanura neza amagambo akagize. Harimo kandi na bimwe mu bibazo biganisha ku nsanganyamatsiko zigaragara mu masomo atandukanye ari muri uyu mutwe.
Ibibazo by’isuzuma
1.a) Ririmba udategwa kandi wemye akaririmbo gakurikira twize:
Habayeho akana kagira umwanda
kakundaga kurya kadakarabye,
Ababyeyi bako bahoraga iteka
bakabwira yuko isuku ari ingenzi
Nyamara ako kana kakica amatwi Hm!
Rimwe kararwara kajya kwa muganga.
Kamazeyo iminsi kataza ku ishuri
Mu masomo yose gasigara inyuma.
Ngaho rero bana mugire isuku
isuku ni isoko y’ubuzima.
b) Akana kavugwa muri iyi ndirimbo karangwaga n’iyihe mico?
c) Ni irihe somo wakuye muri aka karirimbo.
2. Kuki tugomba kugira isuku?
3. Ni gute tugomba kugira isuku y’umubiri ?
4. Ni iki kigushimisha iyo ugiye, uri cyangwa uvuye ku ishuri ?
Ibisubizo biteganijwe
1.a) Umwarimu asuzuma niba umwana aririmba akaririmbo neza, yemye kandi adategwa.
b) Karangwaga no kutagira isuku ndetse no kutumvira ababyeyi.
c) Kugira isuku no kumvira ababyeyi.
2. Kugira ngo twirinde indwara ziterwa n’umwanda.
3. Koga buri munsi, kumesa imyambaro, koza amenyo (n’ibindi biganisha ku isuku).
4.
• Iyo ngiye ku ishuri mpura na bagenzi bange
• Iyo ndi mu ishuri mpura na umwarimu akanyigisha amasomo akampa n’uburere bwiza
• Iyo mvuye ku ishuri ababyeyi bange banyakira neza
a.Imyitozo y’inyongera
Imyitozo nzamurabushobozi
1) Umwitozo ukurikira uhabwa umunyeshuri wagaragaje ikibazo cyo kutanoza ijwi neza: umwarimu agerageza kuririmbana na we, uko atera agatambwe akamusaba gusubiramo kugeza igihe ijwi rinogeye:
Ririmba akaririmbo ako ariko kose mwize mu ishuri waba wibuka.
2) Umwitozo ukurikira uhabwa umunyeshuri wagaragaje ikibazo cyo kutabasha kwigana neza ijwi yumvise:Umwarimu akoresha uburyo nk’ubwavuzwe haruguru kugeza igihe abashije kwigana neza ijwi ry’indirimbo:
Ririmba akaririmbo “Nikundira Umwarimu” (reba mu isomo rya mbere, akaririmbo ka mbere)
3) Uyu mwitozo uhabwa abanyeshuri bagaragaje ikibazo cyo kugira ubwoba bwo kuririmbira mu ruhame: Umwarimu asaba umunyeshuri kumuririmbira we ubwe, yabikora neza akamusaba kuririmbira mu itsinda, yabikora neza akamusaba kuririmbira imbere y’abandi banyeshuri bose:
Ririmba akaririmbo mwize muri iki gihembwe.
Imyitozo nyagurabushobozi
Umwarimu asaba umunyeshuri kuririmba indirimbo ashatse itarizwe mu ishuri, hanyuma akareba niba aririmba adategwa kandi yifitiye icyizere. Ashobora no kumwemerera kuyiririmba uko ashatse (gushyiramo amashyi cyangwa umuyego, kubyina...).
2.1 Ubushobozi bw’ingenzi bugamijwe
Kuririmbira mu ruhame uturirimbo duherekejwe n’amashyi hubahirizwa injyana zatwo.
2.2Ubushobozi shingiro
Kugira ngo ubushobozi bugamijwe muri uyu mutwe bugerweho, umunyeshuri agomba kuba ashoboye:
• Kuririmba
• Kwigana neza ijwi yumvise
• Gufatanya n’abandi
• Kubana neza n’abandi, kwigirira ikizere
• Gutinyuka kuvugira mu ruhame
2.3 Ingingo nsanganyamasomo zizitabwaho
2.3.1Umuco w’amahoro
Twabibonye mu mutwe wa mbere, iyi ngingo nsanganyamasomo igaragara nanone igihe abanyeshuri batega amatwi umwarimu uri kubigisha indirimbo no mu gihe bari mu matsinda, baririmba cyangwa bungurana ibitekerezo.
2.3.2 Uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye bw’ibitsina byombi
Iyi ngingo nsanganyamasomo na none igaragara mu gihe umwarimu asaba abanyeshuri gukora amatsinda adaheza akanabaha amahirwe angana mu gusubiza, kuririmba, gutanga ibitekerezo n’ibindi.
2.3.3 Uburezi budaheza
Bigaragara mu gihe umwarimu yita kuri buri munyeshuri cyane cyane hitabwa ku kwegera abafite ubumuga.
2.3.4 Kubungabunga ibidukikije
Kimwe no mu mutwe wa mbere, iyi ngingo nsanganyamasomo igaragara gihe abanyeshuri baririmba kandi banasobanurirana indirimbo zijyanye n’ibidukikije.
2.4 Uburyo bwo gutangira umutwe
Umwarimu yinjiza abanyeshuri mu isomo atanga umwitozo wo kuririmba. Bashobora kuririmba umwumwe ku giti ke cyangwa bakaririmba bari mu matsinda, bakaririmba indirimbo bazi cyangwa imwe mu zo bize mu mitwe yabanje.
2.5 Urutonde rw’amasomo
2.6 Ibiteganya gukorwa mu kwigisha aya masomo
Mu ntangiriro
• Umwarimu yereka abanyeshuri amashusho cyangwa amafoto yateguye. Abanyeshuri babyitegereza batuje, nyuma yaho akabasaba kuvuga ibyo babona kuri ayo mashusho cyangwa amafoto.
• Umwarimu abaza abanyeshuri utubazo dutandukanye tuganisha ku isomo ry’umunsi. Si ngombwa kwibanda ku tubazo twatanzweho ingero, umwarimu ashobora gutegura utundi tujyanye n’isomo agiye kwigisha.
Mu isomo nyirizina
• Umwarimu aririmba indirimbo nshya inshuro imwe yitoze, ashyiramo amarangamutima ashoboka. Icyo gihe, abanyeshuri baba bateze amatwi.
• Yongera kuririmba, agasaba abanyeshuri gutega amatwi bumva neza amagambo avugwa muri iyo ndirimbo n’injyana yayo.
• Umwarimu kandi asaba abanyeshuri kuvuga niba hari amagambo bumvise badasobanukiwe.
• Afasha abanyeshuri gusobanukirwa amagambo akomeye.
• Abanyeshuri basobanurirana muri make icyo iyo ndirimbo ivuga.
• Umwarimu aririmba umurongo umwe umwe, abanyeshuri bagasubiramo. Iyo birangiye, asaba abanyeshuri kuririmba indirimbo yose aafatanyije nabo.
• Umwarimu asaba abanyeshuri kuririmba bonyine.
Mu isuzuma:
Umwarimu asuzuma ko umwana ashobora kuririmba adategwa akaririmbo yigishijwe, kureba niba yubahiriza injyana ayiherekeresheje amashyi n’umuyego kandi agasobanura neza amagambo ari mo.
Isomo rya 1: Uturirimbo tuvuga ku bidukikije
a) Intego zihariye
• kwigana neza ijwi ry’indirimbo n’amagambo ayigize
• kuririmbira mu ruhame
• Kwita ku bidukikije
b) Imfashanyigisho
• Ibishushanyo cyangwa amafoto bigaragaza bimwe mu bidukikije (Imisozi,
amashyamba, imigezi, ibiyaga…)
• Ibikoresho byumvikanisha amajwi y’indirimbo
c) Uko isomo ritangwa
Intangiriro
• Umwarimu afasha abanyeshuri kujya mu matsinda.
• Abanyeshuri bajya mu matsinda, bakaririmba akaririmbo bize mu isomo riheruka.
• Barangije kuririmba, Umwarimu abaza abanyeshuri utubazo dutandukanye, tuganisha ku isomo ry’umunsi.
Ingero: 1) Vuga ibyo wabonye ku mafoto.
=Imisozi, amashyamba, imigezi, ibiyaga…
2) Ese bimariye iki umuntu?
=Imisozi bayiteraho amashyamba, amashyamba atanga inkwi....
Isomo nyirizina:
Umwarimu yigisha abanyeshuri aka karirimbo yabanje kukumva neza (akoresheje igikoresho cyumvikanisha indirimbo) no kukiga.
Akaririmbo ka 1: Akanyugunyugu
Mbega akanyugunyugu k’amabara meza
Icyampa ngo kaze nkagire inshuti
Nakigisha kubara gusoma no kwandika
Nkuko umwarimu yabitwigishije
Akaririmbo ka 2: Ibidukikije
Ndakurata Rwanda watatswe na Rurema,
Imisozi yawe ibereye abagusura.
Ibirunga byawe bicumbikiye ingagi,
Imigezi yawe izana ubuhehere.
Ibyo byiza byose nzabibungabunga,
mbibyaze umusaruro ndwanya ababyangiza.
Isuzuma
Muri iri somo, umwarimu akoresha isuzuma ryo kuririmba gusa, yubahiriza ibigenderwaho bivugwa mu ntangiriro y’uyu mutwe. Ibibazo bijyanye n’insanganyamatsiko y’indirimbo bibazwa mu isomo rikurikiraho.
Isomo rya 2: Uturirimbo tuvuga ku bidukikije
a) Intego zihariye:
• kwigana neza ijwi ry’indirimbo n’amagambo ayigize
• kuririmba akaririmbo agaherekeresha amashyi n’umuyego akurikije injyana yako
• kuririmbira mu ruhame
• Kwita ku bidukikije
b) Imfashanyigisho
• Ibishushanyo cyangwa amafoto bigaragaza bimwe mu bidukikije (Imisozi, amashyamba, imigezi ibiyaga…)
• Ibikoresho byumvikanisha amajwi y’indirimbo
c) Uko isomo ritangwa
Intangiriro
• Umwarimu afasha abanyeshuri kujya mu matsinda.
• Abanyeshuri bajya mu matsinda, bakibukiranya akaririmbo bize ubushize.
• Umwarimu ababaza utubazo dutandukanye twerekeye ku ndirimbo.
Ingero: 1) Indirimbo twize ubushize yitwa ngo iki?
=Ibidukikije
2) Vuga bimwe mu bidukikije twavuze mu ndirimbo
=Imisozi, ibiyaga, amashyamba....
Isomo nyirizina
Umwarimu asaba abanyeshuri kuva mu matsinda bakaza mu myanya yabo, bamara kugeramo akabasaba kuririmba indirimbo yabigishije mu isomo riheruka (Ibidukikije). Baririmba itsinda ku itsinda bashyiramo amashyi n’umuyego. Iyo amatsinda arangije kuririmba, umwarimu areba niba bubahirije neza amashyi n’umuyego, byaba ngombwa akabakosora.
Isuzuma
Isuzuma rikorwa mubyiciro bibiri: ibibazo bijyanye no kuririmba n’ibibazo bijyanye n’insanganyamatsiko.
i. Kuririmba
Umwarimu akoresha isuzuma ryo kuririmba, yubahiriza ibigenderwaho bivugwa mu ntangiriro y’uyu mutwe.
ii. Ibibazo biganisha ku nsanganyamatsiko y’indirimbo
• Iyi ndirimbo ivuga ku yihe ngingo?
• Ni ibihe bintu bitatse u Rwanda bivugwa muri iyi ndirimbo?
• Ni iki wakora kugira ngo urwanye ababyangiza ?
Isomo rya 3: Uturirimbo tuvuga ku kinyabupfura
a) Intego zihariye
• kwigana neza ijwi ry’indirimbo n’amagambo ayigize
• kuririmba akaririmbo agaherekeresha amashyi n’umuyego akurikije injyana yako
• kuririmbira mu ruhame
• Kugira ikinyabupfura
b) Imfashanyigisho
• Ibishushanyo cyangwa amafoto bigaragaza imigenzo mbonezabupfura (Gusuhuza abantu, kwimukira umuntu mukuru umuha ikicaro, gutwaza utuntu umuntu wananiwe n’ibindi…)
• Ibikoresho byumvikanisha amajwi y’indirimbo.
c) Uko isomo ritangwa
Intangiriro
• Umwarimu afasha abanyeshuri kujya mu matsinda.
• Abanyeshuri bajya mu matsinda, bakaririmba akaririmbo bize mu isomo riheruka.
• Barangije kuririmba, umwarimu abaza abanyeshuri utubazo dutandukanye, tuganisha ku isomo ry’umunsi.
Ingero: 1) Mu gihembe cya mbere twaririmbye indirimbo zivuga ku kinyabupfura. Vuga bimwe mu biranga umuntu ufite ikinyabupfura
=Gukomanga iyo winjiye mu nzu,gusuhuza iyo ugeze mu rugo, gusuhuza n’amaboko yombi ugukuriye,....
Isomo nyirizina
Umwarimu yigisha abanyeshuri akaririmbo gakurikira abanje kukumva neza (akoresheje igikoresho cyumvikanisha indirimbo) no kukiga:
Akaririmbo: Kubaha
Akaririmbo ka 1: Kubaha
Dufatanye twese twebwe Rwanda rw’ejo
twitoze kubahana tube intangarugero
aho tunyura hose turangwe no kubaha
tuzatanga amahoro natwe tuyabone
Isuzuma
Isuzuma rikorwa mubyiciro bibiri: ibibazo bijyanye no kuririmba n’ibibazo bijyanye n’insanganyamatsiko.
i. Kuririmba
Umwarimu akoresha isuzuma ryo kuririmba, yubahiriza ibigenderwaho bivugwa mu ntangiriro y’uyu mutwe.
ii. Ibibazo biganisha ku nsanganyamatsiko y’indirimbo:
• Iyi ndirimbo iradusaba kwitoza iki?
• Aho tunyura hose tugomba kurangwa n’iki?
Isomo rya 4: Uturirimbo tuvuga ku isuku
a) Intego zihariye
• kwigana neza ijwi ry’indirimbo n’amagambo ayigize
• kuririmba akaririmbo agaherekeresha amashyi n’umuyego akurikije injyana yako
• kuririmbira mu ruhame
• Kugirira isuku aho atuye n’aho yiga
b) Imfashanyigisho
Ibishushanyo cyangwa amafoto bigaragaza ibikorwa by’isuku (gukubura, guharura, kumena imyanda ahabugenewe…) Ibikoresho byumvikanisha amajwi y’indirimbo.
c) Uko isomo ritangwa
Intangiriro
• Umwarimu afasha abanyeshuri kujya mu matsinda.
• Abanyeshuri bajya mu matsinda, bakaririmba akaririmbo bize mu isomo riheruka.
• Barangije kuririmba, Umwarimu abaza abanyeshuri utubazo dutandukanye, tuganisha ku isomo ry’umunsi:
Ingero: 1) Mu gihembe cya mbere twaririmbye indirimbo zivuga ku isuku y’umubiri.Vuga uburyo butandukanye bwo gukora isuku y’umubiri
=Gukaraba, kumesa imyambaro…
2) Uretse umubiri se, nta handi twagirira isuku?
=Mu rugo, mu ishuri, mu bwiherero, mu busitani…
Isomo nyirizina:
Umwarimu ahitamo kamwe muri utu turirimbo yabanje kutwumva neza (akoresheje igikoresho cyumvikanisha indirimbo) no kutwiga, kugira ngo arebe agakwiranye n’umwanya afite.
Akarira 1: Isuku yo mu rugo
Nimbyuka mu gitondo ngasukura mu nzu nkitegura neza
Nyuma ngane ishuri
Nzabanza mpasukure sinshaka kurwara kubera umwanda
Ahubwo ndashaka iterambere
Akaririmbo ka 2: Amazi ni meza
Amazi ni meza mu buzima
Amazi ni meza koko,
Iyo tuyanyweye asukuye, tugira ubuzima bwiza
Iyo tuyakarabye twese, tugira ubuzima bwiza
Amazi ni ingenzi mu buzima
Isuzuma
Isuzuma rikorwa mu byiciro bibiri: ibibazo bijyanye no kuririmba n’ibibazo bijyanye n’insanganyamatsiko.
i. Kuririmba
Umwarimu akoresha isuzuma ryo kuririmba, yubahiriza ibigenderwaho bivugwa mu ntangiriro y’uyu mutwe.
ii. Ibibazo biganisha ku nsanganyamatsiko y’indirimbo
Isuku yo mu rugo:
• Niki wumvise muri iyi ndirimbo?
• Vuga ingaruka mbi ziterwa no kugira umwanda.
Amazi asukuye:
• Vuga akamaro k’amazi asukuye.
Isomo rya 5: Uturirimbo tuvuga ku nyuguti z’ibanze
a) Intego zihariye
• kwigana neza ijwi ry’indirimbo n’amagambo ayigize
• kuririmba akaririmbo agaherekeresha amashyi n’umuyego akurikije injyana yako
• kuririmbira mu ruhame
• Kumenya neza inyuguti z’ibanze
b. Imfashanyigisho
• Ibishushanyo bigaragaza inyuguti z’ibanze zikurikirana muri ubu buryo: a, e, i, o, u
• Ibikoresho byumvikanisha amajwi y’indirimbo.
c. Uko isomo ritangwa
Intangiriro
• Umwarimu afasha abanyeshuri kujya mu matsinda.
• Abanyeshuri bajya mu matsinda, bakaririmba akaririmbo bize mu isomo riheruka.
• Barangije kuririmba, umwarimu abaza abanyeshuri utubazo dutandukanye, tuganisha ku isomo ry’umunsi.
Ingero: 1) Vuga inyuguti mwize mu ishuri
=a,e,i,o,u
Isomo nyirizina:
Umwarimu ahitamo kamwe mu turirimbo dukurikira, abanje kutwumva neza (akoresheje igikoresho cyumvikanisha indirimbo) no kutwiga, kugira ngo arebe agakwiranye n’umwanya afite cyangwa akabasha korohera abanyeshuri.
Akaririmbo ka 1: inyuguti zibanze
Nzubaha Imana A A A
Nzirinda amahane E E E
Nzubaha ababyeyi I I I
Nzaba intangarugero O O O
Nzagira ubumuntu U U U
Nzaba umuntu wuzuye A E I O U
Akaririmbo ka 2: Dukunda gusoma
Iwacu mu rugo dukunda gusoma
Ibitabo ndetse n’ibinyamakuru.
Abana basoma batsinda amasomo
Ni umuco mwiza.
Iwacu mu rugo dukunda gusoma
Ibitabondetse n’ibinyamakuru.
Abana basoma batsinda amasomo
Ni umuco mwiza.
Isuzuma
Isuzuma rikorwa mubyiciro bibiri: ibibazo bijyanye no kuririmba n’ibibazo bijyanye n’insanganyamatsiko.
i. Kuririmba
Umwarimu akoresha isuzuma ryo kuririmba, yubahiriza ibigenderwaho bivugwa mu ntangiriro y’uyu mutwe.
ii. Ibibazo biganisha ku nsanganyamatsiko y’indirimbo
Inyuguti z’ibanze
1. Vuga inyuguti z’ibanze zivugwa muri iyi ndirimbo.
2. Ni iyihe mico ivugwa muri iyi ndirimbo ijyanye n’inyuguti z’ibanze zirimo.
Dukunda gusoma
1. Iwanyu mu rugo mukunda gusoma iki?
2. Abana basoma bibamarira iki?
2.7 Isuzuma risoza umutwe wa kabiri
Muri iri suzuma, umwarimu agenzura niba umunyeshuri afite ubushobozi bwo kuririmba akaririmbo yigishijwe ahuza neza injyana y’indirimbo amashyi n’imiyego. Harimo kandi na bimwe mu bibazo biganisha ku nsanganyamatsiko zigaragara mu masomo atandukanye ari muri uyu mutwe.
Ibibazo by’isuzuma
1. Ririmba udategwa kandi uherekeresha amashyi n’umuyego akaririmbo kavuga kuri izi ngingo zikurikira:
a) Ibidukikije
b) Ikinyabupfura
c) Isuku y’aho utuye cyangwa aho wiga
d) Inyuguti z’ibanze.
2. Ni irihe somo wavanye mu turirimbo dutandukanye wize (urugero: uturirimbo tuvuga ku bidukikije, ikinyabupfura, isuku n’inyuguti z’ibanze)?
Bimwe mu bisubizo biteganyijwe
1. Umwarimu yumva niba umunyeshuri aririmba neza, yemye kandi adategwa.
2. Isomo navanye mu:
a) turirimbo tuvuga ku bidukikije: Gukunda ibidukikije no kubirinda.
b) turirimbo tuvuga ku kinyabupfura: kubaha.
c) turirimbo tuvuga ku isuku: Gusukura mu rugo, gusukura mu ishuri, kunywa amazi asukuye.
d) turirimbo tuvuga ku nyuguti z’ibanze: kubaha Imana, kwirinda amahane (kwitonda), kubaha ababyeyi, kuba intangarugero, kugira ubumuntu, kuba umuntu wuzuye no gukunda gusoma.
2.8 Imyitozo y’inyongera
• Imyitozo nzamurabushobozi
1. Umwitozo ukurikira uhabwa umunyeshuri wagaragaje ikibazo cyo kutabasha kwigana neza ijwi yumvise. Umwarimu akoresha uburyo nk’ubwavuzwe haruguru kugeza igihe abashije kwigana neza ijwi ry’indirimbo:
Ririmba akaririmbo “Inyuguti z’ibanze” (reba mu isomo rya 5, akaririmbo ka mbere)
2. Uyu mwitozo uhabwa abanyeshuri bagaragaje ikibazo cyo kugira ubwoba bwo kuririmbira mu ruhame. Umwarimu asaba umunyeshuri kumuririmbira we ubwe, yabikora neza akamusaba kuririmbira mu itsinda, yabikora neza akamusaba kuririmbira imbere y’abandi banyeshuri bose.
Ririmba akaririmbo wumva kakoroheye, mwize muri iki gihembwe.
3. Umwitozo ukurikira uhabwa umunyeshuri wagaragaje ikibazo cyo kutabasha guherekeresha indirimbo amashyi n’umuyego: akenshi abinanirwa kubera ko aba aririmba anakoma amashyi icyarimwe. Umwarimu amubwira gukomera abanda amashyi we ntaririmbe, cyangwa akamuha agati, akagakomanga ku ntebe ajyana n’abaririmba. Iyo abikoze neza, agerageza kwiherekeza agace ku kandi kugeza igihe abimenyeye.
Herekeresha amashyi indirimbo “Ibidukikije” (reba mu isomo rya mbere)
• Imyitozo nyagurabushobozi:
Kubera ko ubushobozi nsanganyamasomo bw’uyu mutwe ari ukuririmba mu ruhame uturirimbo duherekejwe n’amashyi hubahirizwa injyana zatwo, umwarimu atanga imyitozo ikurikira:
• Ahitamo indirimbo abonye iyo ari yo yose (itarizwe mu ishuri), akayiririmba, hanyuma agasaba umunyeshuri kuyiherekeresha amashyi n’umuyego.
• Asaba umunyeshuri kuririmba indirimbo ashatse (iyo ari yo yose itarizwe mu ishuri), ayiherekeresha amashyi n’umuyego.
3.2 Ubushobozi shingiro
Kuririmba, kwigana neza ijwi yumvise, kuririmbana n’abandi, kubahiriza injyana y’indirimbo, no kuririmbira mu ruhame.
Gufatanya n’abandi, kubana neza n’abandi, kwigirira ikizere, gutinyuka kuvugira mu ruhame, no kugira imigenzo mbonezabupfura.
3.3 Ingingo nsanganyamasomo zizitabwaho
• Umuco w’amahoro
Ibi bigaragarira mu gutega amatwi mu gihe umwarimu yigisha indirimbo n’igihe
abanyeshuri bakorera mu matsinda, bahana ibitekerezo.
• Uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye bw’ibitsina byombi
Bigaragara mu gihe Umwarimu ahuza abanyeshuri b’abakobwa n’abanyeshuri b’abahungu mu matsinda kugira ngo baririmbire hamwe. Icyo gihe, asaba abanyeshuri gukora amatsinda adaheza akanabaha amahirwe angana mu gutanga ibisubizo, ibitekerezo n’ubundi bwunganizi.
Uburezi budaheza
Hari abanyeshuri badafite ubushobozi bwo kwigana neza ibivugwa mu ndirimbo kubera ko bafite ubumuga bwo kutumva neza. Abo bana bashyirwa mu matsinda bagakorana n’abandi, kandi umwarimu akabitaho mu gihe yegera amatsinda. Mu isuzuma, umwarimu abaha amahirwe yo kuririmba, n’ubwo batabikora neza nk’abandi akabashimira ibyo babashije gukora.
Hari abanyeshuri bagira ubwoba ku buryo badashobora kuririmbira mu ruhame, na bo bajya mu matsinda, bagenzi babo ndetse n’umwarimu bagakomeza kubatera akanyabugabo, noneho mu isuzuma, Umwarimu akabashimira ibyo bagerageje gukora.
3.4 Uburyo bwo gutangira umutwe
Umwarimu yinjiza abanyeshuri mu isomo atanga umwitozo wo kuririmba. Bashobora kuririmba umwe umwe cyangwa bakaririmba bari mu matsinda, bakaririmba indirimbo bazi cyangwa imwe mu zo bize mu mitwe yabanje.
3.5 Urutonde rw’amasomo
3.6 Ibiteganywa gukorwa mu kwigisha aya masomo
Mu ntangiriro
• Umwarimu yereka abanyeshuri amashusho cyangwa amafoto yateguye. Abanyeshuri babyitegereza batuje, nyuma yaho akabasaba kuvuga ibyo babona kuri ayo mashusho cyangwa amafoto.
• Umwarimu abaza abanyeshuri utubazo dutandukanye tuganisha ku isomo ry’umunsi. Si ngombwa kwibanda ku tubazo twatanzweho ingero, umwarimu ashobora gutegura utundi tujyanye n’isomo agiye kwigisha.
Mu isomo nyirizina
• Umwarimu aririmba indirimbo nshya inshuro imwe yitonze, ashyiramo amarangamutima ashoboka. Icyo gihe, abanyeshuri baba bateze amatwi.
• Yongera gusaba abanyeshuri gutega amatwi bakumva neza amagambo avugwa muri iyo ndirimbo n’injyana yayo.
• Umwarimu kandi asaba abanyeshuri kuvuga niba hari amagambo bumvise badasobanukiwe.
• Asobanura amagambo akomeye, yaba ayo abanyeshuri batanze cyangwa andi we ubwe yateguye.
• Abanyeshuri basobanurirana muri make icyo iyo ndirimbo ivuga
• Umwarimu aririmba igika kimwe kimwe, abanyeshuri bagasubiramo. Iyo birangiye, asaba abanyeshuri kuririmba indirimbo yose akajyana n’abanyeshuri
• Umwarimu asaba abanyeshuri kuririmba bonyine
Mu isuzuma:
Mu isuzuma ryo kuririmba, Umwarimu asuzuma ko umunyeshuri ashobora kuririmba akaririmbo yigishijwe adategwa kandi mu ruhame yigana ibivugwa mu ndirimbo. Asaba umwana umwe umwe kuririmba igice kimwe k’indirimbo. Bashobora no kubikorera mu matsinda.
Isomo rya 1: Uturirimbo tuvuga ku Mana
a) Intego zihariye
• Kwigana ibivugwa mu ndirimbo ivuga ku Mana
• Kugorora no kunoza ijwi ry’iyo ndirimbo
• Kurushaho kwigirira ikizere no gutinyuka kuririmbira mu ruhame
• Kubaha Imana
b) Imfashanyigisho
• Ibishushanyo cyangwa amafoto bigaragaza ibikorwa by’iyobokamana (umuntu uri gusenga, Bibiliya, Urusengero, Kiliziya).
• Ibikoresho bitandukanye byumvikanisha indirimbo.
c) Uko isomo ritangwa
Intangiriro
• Umwarimu afasha abanyeshuri kujya mu matsinda.
• Abanyeshuri bajya mu matsinda, bakaririmba akaririmbo bazi cyangwa bize.
• Umwarimu abaza abanyeshuri utubazo dutandukanye, tuganisha ku isomo ry’umunsi.
Ingero: 1)Iyo mugiye mu rusengero/mu Kiliziya, muba mugiye gukora iki?
=Gusenga
2) Iyo musenga, musenga nde (musenga iki)?
=Imana
3) Mbese Imana iragukunda?
=Yego!
4) Vuga bimwe mu byo Imana yagukoreye cyangwa igukorera.
=Yarandemye, yampaye ubuzima, yampaye ababyeyi, irandinda…
Isomo nyirizina
Umwarimu ahitamo kamwe mu turirimbo dukurikira, yabanje kutwumva neza (akoresheje igikoresho cyumvikanisha indirimbo) no kutwiga, kugira ngo arebe agakwiranye n’umwanya afite.
Uturirimbo two kwiga:
Akaririmbo ka 1:Imana ni nziza
Imana isumba byose,
Imana niyo yaturemye
Imana niyo dukesha byose
Imana ni nziza!
Akaririmbo ka 2: Mana urankunda
Mana urankunda, nanjye ndagukunda.
Nzakomeza ngukunde, kuko unkunda cyane.
Nzakomeza ngukunde, kuko unkunda cyane.
Isuzuma
rikorwa mubyiciro bibiri: ibibazo bijyanye no kuririmba n’ibibazo bijyanye n’insanganyamatsiko.
I. Kuririmba
Umwarimu akoresha isuzuma ryo kuririmba, yubahiriza ibigenderwaho bivugwa mu ntangiriro y’uyu mutwe.
II. Ibibazo biganisha ku nsanganyamatsiko y’indirimbo
1. Imana ni nziza (NTABAJYANA Sylvestre)
• Ni nde waremye abantu bose?
• Ugendeye ku ndirimbo wize, vuga bimwe mu biranga Imana.
2. Mana urankunda (Kabalira Sauve Arsene)
• Mbese ukunda Imana? Uyikundira iki?
• Ukurikije iyi ndirimbo, ni iki uteganya kuzakorera Imana?
Isomo rya 2: Uturirimbo tuvuga ku birori
a) Intego zihariye
• Kwigana ibivugwa mu karirimbo kavuga ku birori
• Kunoza neza no kugorora ijwi igihe aririmba ako karirimbo
• Kurushaho kwigirira ikizere no gutinyuka kuririmbira mu birori
b) Imfashanyigisho
• Amashusho cyangwa amafoto bigaragaza ibirori bitandukanye (Abantu babyina, abantu baririmba, abaririmbira cyangwa babyinira umuntu wagize umunsi mukuru).
• Ibikoresho bitandukanye byumvikanisha indirimbo.
c) Uko isomo ritangwa
Intangiriro
• Umwarimu afasha abanyeshuri kujya mu matsinda.
• Abanyeshuri bajya mu matsinda, bakaririmba akaririmbo bize mu isomo riheruka.
• Umwarimu abaza abanyeshuri utubazo ashatse, tuganisha ku isomo ry’umunsi.
Ingero: 1)Iwanyu (aho mutuye/ mu gace k’iwanyu) mujya mukora iminsi mikuru?
=Yego
2) Tanga ingero z’iminsi mikuru abantu bakora
=Kubatizwa, kwita izina, bonane…
3) Iyo abantu bari mu munsi mukuru barangwa n’iki?
=Kubyina, kuririmba, kurya, kunywa…
Isomo nyirizina
Umwarimu ahitamo kamwe mu turirimbo dukurikira, yabanje kutwumva neza (akoresheje igikoresho cyumvikanisha indirimbo) no kutwiga, kugira ngo arebe agakwiranye n’umwanya afite.
Uturirimbo two kwiga:
Akaririmbo ka1: Umwaka uratashye
Umwaka uratashye muze twishime,
dukore ibirori twizihirwe twizihirwe,
dore umwaka uratashye.
Akaririmbo ka 2: Ibirori byo kwita umwana izina
Abana twese turagukunda,
Twitabiriye kukwita izina.
Muvandimwe ndagukunda nkwise Mahoro
Muvandimwe ndagukunda nkwise Kagabo
Muvandimwe ndagukunda nkwise Mugabo
Muvandimwe ndagukunda nkwise Ndahiro
Muvandimwe ndagukunda nkwise Manzi
Muvandimwe ndagukunda nkwise Rugero
Isuzuma
Isuzuma rikorwa mubyiciro bibiri: ibibazo bijyanye no kuririmba n’ibibazo bijyanye n’insanganyamatsiko.
I. Kuririmba
Umwarimu akoresha isuzuma ryo kuririmba, yubahiriza ibigenderwaho bivugwa mu ntangiriro y’uyu mutwe.
II. Ibibazo biganisha ku nsanganyamatsiko y’indirimbo
1. Umwaka uratashye
• Iyo umwaka utashye, abantu barangwa n’iki?
2. Ibirori byo kwita umwana izina
• Ukurikije ibivugwa muri iyi ndirimbo, iyo umwana akivuka bamukorera iki?
• Ririmba iyi ndirimbo ushyiraho andi mazina atavuzwe.
Umukoro wo mu rugo: Tanga izindi ngero z’iminsi mikuru.
Isomo rya 3: Uturirimbo tuvuga ku birori
a) Intego zihariye
• Kwigana ibivugwa mu karirimbo kavuga ku birori
• Kurushaho kwigirira ikizere no gutinyuka kuririmbira mu birori
b) Imfashanyigisho
• Amashusho cyangwa amafoto bigaragaza ibirori bitandukanye (Abantu babyina, abantu baririmba, abaririmbira cyangwa babyinira umuntu wagize umunsi mukuru).
• Ibikoresho bitandukanye byumvikanisha indirimbo.
c) Uko isomo ritangwa
Intangiriro
• Umwarimu afasha abanyeshuri kujya mu matsinda.
• Abanyeshuri bajya mu matsinda, bakaririmba akaririmbo bize mu isomo riheruka.
• Umwarimu abaza abanyeshuri utubazo ashatse, tuganisha ku isomo ryashizendetse n’iry’umunsi.
Ingero: 1) Tanga izindi ngero z’iminsi mikuru uzi.
=(Abanyeshuri batanga izindi ngero z’iminsi mikuru)
2) Iyo abantu bari mu munsi mukuru barangwa n’iki?
=(Abanyeshuri bavuga ibindi bikorwa bikorwa mu minsi mikuru)
Isomo nyirizina
Umwarimu yigisha abanyeshuri akaririmbo gakurikira, yabanje kukumva (akoresheje kiwe mu bikoresho byumvikanisha indirimbo), no kukiga.
Akaririmbo ka3: Dore ibirori
Dore ibirori bitazibagirana
Turirimbe ducinye akadiho:
twishimire kwita izina uyu mwana wacu
twishimire ukubatizwa k’umuvandimwe wacu (kw’abavandimwe bacu)
twishimire ukubatizwa k’uyu mwana wacu (kw’aba bana bacu)
twishimire kuba dutangiye umwaka mushya.
Isuzuma
Isuzuma rikorwa mubyiciro bibiri: ibibazo bijyanye no kuririmba n’ibibazo bijyanye n’insanganyamatsiko.
I. Kuririmba
Umwarimu akoresha isuzuma ryo kuririmba, yubahiriza ibigenderwaho bivugwa mu ntangiriro y’uyu mutwe.
II. Ibibazo biganisha ku nsanganyamatsiko y’indirimbo
Dore ibirori (Kabalira Sauve Arsene)
• Vuga bimwe mu byo abantu bakora iyo bizihiza ibirori.
• Tanga ingero z’ibirori abantu bizihiza.
Isomo rya 4: Uturirimbo tuvuga ku bukwe
a) Intego zihariye
• Kwigana ibivugwa mu ndirimbo ivuga ku bukwe
• Kugorora no kunoza ijwi ry’iyo ndirimbo
• Kurushaho kwigirira ikizere no gutinyuka kuririmbira mu bukwe
b) Imfashanyigisho
• Ibishushanyo cyangwa amafoto bigaragaza ubukwe (gusezerana imbere y’amategeko, gusaba no gukwa, gusezerana imbere y’idini...)
• Ibikoresho bitandukanye byumvikanisha indirimbo.
c) Uko isomo ritangwa
Intangiriro
• Umwarimu afasha abanyeshuri kujya mu matsinda.
• Abanyeshuri bajya mu matsinda, bakaririmba akaririmbo bazi cyangwa bize.
• Umwarimu abaza abanyeshuri utubazo dutandukanye, tuganisha ku isomo ry’umunsi.
Ingero: 1) Iyo umusore n’umukobwa bagiye kubana, babanza gukora ibihe birori?
=Ubukwe
2) Ni iki abantu bakora mu bukwe iyo bishimye?
=Kuririmba, kubyina, kwivuga....
3) Ni ba nde akenshi bafasha abantu kuririmba no kubyina mu bukwe
=Itorero, abahanzi…
Isomo nyirizina
Umwarimu ahitamo kamwe muri turirimbo dukurikira, yabanje kutwumva neza (akoresheje igikoresho cyumvikanisha indirimbo) no kutwiga, kugira ngo arebe agakwiranye n’umwanya afite.
Uturirimbo two kwiga:
Akaririmbo ka 1: Ubukwe
Ubukwe ni bwiza,
buhuza abavandimwe,
ababyeyi n’inshuti.
Twese tukaririmba,
Tukabyina, tukanezerwa.
Akaririmbo ka 2: Umugeni mwiza
Umugeni mwiza ni uhuza imiryango;
Umwari warezwe neza araje: tambuka!
Mumurebe, uwo Imana yageneye uwo bazafatanya kurushinga.
Isuzuma
Isuzuma rikorwa mubyiciro bibiri: ibibazo bijyanye no kuririmba n’ibibazo bijyanye n’insanganyamatsiko.
I. Kuririmba
Umwarimu akoresha isuzuma ryo kuririmba, yubahiriza ibigenderwaho bivugwa mu ntangiriro y’uyu mutwe.
II. Ibibazo biganisha ku nsanganyamatsiko y’indirimbo
1. Ubukwe :
• Ugendeye ku byo wumvise muri iyi ndirimbo, ni bande bahuzwa n’ubukwe?
• Iyo bahuriye mu bukwe, bagaragaza bate ibyishimo?
2. Umugeni mwiza
3. Sobanura amagambo akurikira:
• Umugeni
• Umwari
• Kurushinga
Isomo rya 5: Uturirimbo tuvuga ku munsi w’amavuko
a) Intego zihariye
• Kwigana ibivugwa mu ndirimbo ivuga ku munsi w’amavuko
• Kugorora no kunoza ijwi
• Kurushaho kwigirira ikizere no gutinyuka kuririmbira mu ruhame
b) Imfashanyigisho
• Amashusho cyangwa amafoto bigaragaza umunsi w’amavuko. Urugero: abaririmbira, ababyinira cyangwa abaha impano uwizihiza umunsi w’amavuko, abakata umutsima (cake).
• Ibikoresho bitandukanye byumvikanisha indirimbo.
c) Uko isomo ritangwa
Intangiriro
• Umwarimu afasha abanyeshuri kujya mu matsinda.
• Abanyeshuri bajya mu matsinda, bakaririmba akaririmbo bazi cyangwa bize.
• Umwarimu abaza abanyeshuri utubazo dutandukanye, tuganisha ku isomo ry’umunsi:
Ingero: 1) Ni bande muri mwe bazi amatariki bavukiyeho?
=(abayazi barayavuga)
2) Iyo mwujuje imyaka, babakorera iki?
=Isabukuru
3) Iyo bagukoreye isabukuru, bigenda bite?
=(Abana basubiza bitewe n’ibyo babakorera)
Isomo nyirizina:
Umwarimu ahitamo kamwe mu turirimbo dukurikira, yabanje kutwumva neza (akoresheje igikoresho cyumvikanisha indirimbo) no kutwiga, kugira ngo arebe agakwiranye n’umwanya afite.
Uturirimbo two kwiga:
Akaririmbo ka1: Isabukuru nziza
Ishimire uyu munsi wavutseho,
ishimire uyu munsi wavutseho, isabukuru nziza!
Tukwifurije gukura utera imbere,
tukwifurije gukura utera imbere, isabukuru nziza!
Tukwifurije amahoro no kuramba,
tukwifurije amahoro no kuramba, isabukuru nziza!
Akaririmbo ka 2: Gira umunsi mwiza
Gira umunsi mwiza w’amavuko
ibuka itariki wavutseho
shimira Imana kuba ukiriho.
Gira umunsi mwiza wo kubatizwa
ibuka itariki wabatirijweho
shimira Imana ko wabatijwe
gira umunsi mwiza w’abazina wawe
ibuka itariki bamwizirizaho
shimira Imana ko agusabira
Isuzuma
Isuzuma rikorwa mubyiciro bibiri: ibibazo bijyanye no kuririmba n’ibibazo bijyanye n’insanganyamatsiko.
I. Kuririmba
Umwarimu akoresha isuzuma ryo kuririmba, yubahiriza ibigenderwaho bivugwa mu ntangiriro y’uyu mutwe.
II. Ibibazo biganisha ku nsanganyamatsiko y’indirimbo
1. Isabukuru nziza
• Mu mwaka utaha, ku itariki n’ukwezi bisa nk’ibyo wavutseho, uzizihiza iki?
• Ukurikije ibivugwa mu ndirimbo, ni iki wakwifuriza uwizihiza umunsi w’amavuko?
2. Gira umunsi mwiza
• Vuga bimwe mu byo wakora iyo wibuka itariki wavutseho.
b) Isuzuma risoza umutwe wa gatatu
Muri iri suzuma, umwarimu agenzura niba umunyeshuri ashobora kuririmba mu ruhame yigana ibivugwa mu ndirimbo. Harimo kandi na bimwe mu bibazo biganisha ku nsanganyamatsiko zigaragara mu masomo atandukanye ari muri uyu mutwe.
Ibibazo by’isuzuma
1.a) Vuga bimwe mu byiza Imana igukorera.
b) Ukurikije ibyo byiza igukorera, ni iki wumva uzayikorera?
c) Ririmba neza kandi udategwa, kamwe mu turirimbo mwize mu ishuri kavuga ku Mana.
2.a) Tanga ingero z’ibirori bitandukanye abantu bizihiza.
b) Vuga bimwe mu biranga abantu bari mu birori.
c) Ririmba neza imwe mu ndirimbo mwize ivuga ku birori.
3. Ririmba imwe mu ndirimbo mwize ivuga ku bukwe.
4.a) Vuga bimwe mu byo bakorera umuntu wizihije umunsi w’amavuko.
b) Ririmba akaririmbo mwize mu ishuri ushobora kuririmbira incuti yawe yizihije umunsi wayo w’amavuko.
Bimwe mu bisubizo biteganyijwe:
1.a) Bimwe mu byiza Imana inkorera ni ibi bikurikira:
• Yampaye ubuzima (yarandemye)
• Yampaye amaboko, amaguru,...
• Yampaye ababyeyi
• Irankunda
• Yampaye ubwenge
• Impa amahoro
• Yampaye abavandimwe n’incuti.
• Irandinda....
b) Nkurikije ibyo byiza inkorera:
• Nzayikunda
• Nzayikorera
• Nzayubaha
• Nzayiririmbira
• Nzayisenga
• Nzayibyinira…
c) Aha, umunyeshuri aririmba imwe mu ndirimbo bize mu ishuri ivuga ku Mana. Umwarimu agenzura niba uwo munyeshuri aririmba neza kandi yigana neza ibivugwa mu ndirimbo
4. a) Ingero z’ibirori bitandukanye abantu bizihiza:
• Kubatizwa, gukomezwa, gusezerana...
• Kwita izina
• ibirori by’iminsi mikuru y’igihugu (umunsi w’intwari, umunsi wo kwibohora...)
• Kwishimira kurangiza umwaka/ gutangira umwaka mushya
b) Bimwe mu biranga abantu bari mu birori:
• Barishima
• Bararirimba
• Barabyina
• Bakivuga…
c) Umunyeshuri aririmba imwe mu ndirimbo bize mu ishuri ivuga ku birori. Umwarimu agenzura niba uwo munyeshuri aririmba neza kandi yigana neza ibivugwa mu ndirimbo.
5. Kuri iki kibazo, umunyeshuri aririmba imwe mu ndirimbo bize mu ishuri ivuga ku bukwe, Umwarimu agenzura niba uwo munyeshuri aririmba neza kandi yigana neza ibivugwa mu ndirimbo.
6.a) Umuntu wizihiza umunsi w’amavuko baramuririmbira, bakamubyinira, bakamuha impano...
b) Kuri iki kibazo, bigenda kimwe nk’uko bimeze mu bisubizo 1 (c), 2 (c), na 3.
c) Imyitozo y’inyongera
Imyitozo nzamurabushobozi
1) Iki kibazo gihabwa abanyeshuri bagaragaje ikibazo cyo kutanoza ijwi neza: Umwarimu agerageza kuririmbana na we, uko atera agatambwe akamusaba gusubiramo. Ririmba akaririmbo ako ariko kose mwize mu ishuri.
2) Iki kibazo gihabwa abanyeshuri bagaragaje ikibazo cyo gufata mu mutwe: Umwarimu amusaba kuririmba agace gato k’indirimbo, agenda agasubiramo, nyuma akaririmba nk’igika cyose kugeza aririmbye indirimbo yose.
Ririmba indirimbo “Mana urankunda” (reba mu isomo rya mbere, akaririmbo ka kabiri)
3) Iki kibazo gihabwa abanyeshuri bagaragaje ikibazo cyo kugira ubwoba bwo kuririmbira mu ruhame: Umwarimu asaba umunyeshuri kumuririmbira we ubwe, yabikora neza akamusaba kuririmbira mu itsinda, yabikora neza akamusaba kuririmbira imbere y’abandi banyeshuri bose.
Ririmba akaririmbo mwize muri iki gihembwe.
4) Iki kibazo gihabwa abanyeshuri bagaragaje ubushobozi buke bwo kwigana ibivugwa mu ndirimbo cyangwa kugaragaza imbamutima zikubiye mu ndirimbo: aha, afata abana nka bane akabicaza ahantu, hanyuma agasaba umunyeshuri uhabwa uwo mwitozo kuririmba indirimbo Ibirori byo kwita umwana izina, akayiririmba abwira ba bana, buri wese amuvuga mu izina kandi amureba, anamukoraho.
Ririmba indirimbo “Ibirori byo kwita umwana izina” (Reba mu isomo rya 2, akaririmbo ka kabiri).
Ibisubizo:
Muri ibi bibazo, umwarimu agenzura niba ibisabwa kuri buri ntangiriro y’ikibazo byubahirizwa, agashyira ingufu aho bikenewe.
Imyitozo nyagurabushobozi
1.a) Ririmba indirimbo “Dore ibirori” (Isomo rya 3, Akaririmbo ka gatatu) wigana neza ibivugwamo.
b) Vuga imwe mu minsi mikuru igihugu cyacu kijya gikoraho ibirori.
2.a) Toranya umunyeshuri wifuza muri iri shuri, umuririmbire indirimbo mwize mu ishuri, ugaragaza ko wishimiye umunsi w’amavuko ye.
b) Muririmbire noneho indirimbo mutize mu ishuri iririmbwa ku munsi w’amavuko.
Ibisubizo
1. a) Umunyeshuri aririmba indirimbo agaragaza imbamutima zose ziri mu ndirimbo (kubyina, kumwenyura, gukoma amashyi...).
b) Imwe mu minsi igihugu cyacu kijya gikoraho ibirori ni:
• Umunsi w’intwari
• Umunsi w’abakozi
• Umunsi w’umwana w’umunyafurika
• Umunsi w’abagore
• Umunsi wo kwibohora
• Umuganura...
a) Umunyeshuri ubazwa iki kibazo, iyo amaze guhitamo umunyeshuri yifuje, amuririmbira imwe mu ndirimbo zivuga ku munsi w’amavuko zizwe mu ishuri. Umwarimu agenzura niba uwo munyeshuri yigana ibivugwa mu ndirimbo kandi aririmba areba uwo munyeshuri, mbese nk’uri kumubwira.
b) Umunyeshuri noneho amuririmbira indirimbo imwe mu ndirimbo ziririmbwa ku munsi w’amavuko ariko zitizwe mu ishuri, n’iyo yaba iri mu rundi rurimi. Aha, umwarimu agenzura ko umunyeshuri yigana neza ibivugwa mu ndirimbo.


text:
” Mwitinya Imana yacu izavuna ukuboko kwa kabiri kwa farawo nako gusigaye” Ayinkamiye Esperance
Kuri iki cyumweru tariki ya 22/09/2019 mu materaniro ya CEP-UR HUYE, umwigisha yari Ayinkamiye Esperance yatangiye ashima Imana ko yamuhaye kurama kandi ikaba yaramuhaye umuryango ikamwubakira urugo kandi urugo rwiza yatanze ubuhamya bwo ukuntu umukozi ukora muri kaminuza yaje kumuhanurira akamubwira ngo asengere iby’urugo rwe Imana yari igiye kuzamwubakira muri icyo gihe abanyeshuri bakoranaga umuriro muri CEP bavugaga ko “ntawamutinyuka kuko Imana imurimo yazakumerera nabi umujyanye ariko nyuma yaje kubona uwo Imana yari yaramusezeranyije ariko binyuze mu nzira ikomeye kandi yakomeje ashima Imana ko yamuhaye uruhushya rwo gutwara ibinyabiziga kuko yararukoreye inshuro enye yatararubona ariko yaje kurubona igihe k’Imana kigeze kandi yanashimye Imana ko yamuhaye urubyaro imuha abahungu babiri.
Yakomeje asoma ijambo ry’Imana riboneka mu gitabo cy’umuhanuzi Ezekiyeli 30:20-26 hagira hati”
20
Nuko mu mwaka wa cumi n’umwe, mu kwezi kwa mbere ku munsi wa karindwi w’uko kwezi,
ijambo ry’Uwiteka rinzaho riti 21“Mwana w’umuntu, navunnye ukuboko kwa Farawo umwami wa
Egiputa, kandi dore ntabwo kwapfutswe ngo gushyirweho umuti, ntikwashyizweho igitambaro
kugira ngo kubone imbaraga zo gukomeza inkota. 22Ni cyo gituma Umwami Uwiteka avuga ati ‘Dore
nibasiye Farawo umwami wa Egiputa, nzamuvuna amaboko yombi, uko nabanje kuvuna mvune
n’ugusigaye kugikomeye, kandi inkota iri mu kuboko kwe nzayigusha hasi. 23Abanyegiputa
nzabatataniriza mu mahanga, mbateragane mu bihugu. 24Amaboko y’umwami w’i Babuloni
nzayakomeza inkota yanjye nyishyire mu kuboko kwe, ariko Farawo we nzamuvuna amaboko,
azanihira imbere ye ameze nk’uwakomeretse uruguma rwica. 25Kandi amaboko y’umwami w’i
Babuloni nzayakomeza, na yo amaboko ya Farawo azatentebuka maze bazamenye yuko ndi Uwiteka,
igihe nzashyira inkota yanjye mu kuboko k’umwami w’i Babuloni akayuhira igihugu cya Egiputa.
26
Kandi Abanyegiputa nzabatataniriza mu mahanga, mbateragane mu bihugu maze bazamenye yuko
ndi Uwiteka.’ ”
Niho hanavuye intego y’icyigisho igira iti” Imana izavuna ukuboko kwa kabiri kwa Farawo gusigaye”. Yavuze ko Imana izadukiza ibintu biturwanya ,yatanze ubuhamya bw’ ukuntu akimara gukizwa aho yabaga baramwirukanye kuko yakijijwe kandi yanavuze ukuntu yabenzwe n’umusore bakundanaga saa tatu kuri Adepr Remera Iteraniro rigiye gutangira kandi byabaye bari bafite ubukwe muri iyo minsi ariko arashima Imana ko yamuhaye umugabo mbese yavunnye ukuboko kwa kabiri kwa Farawo kandi ngo anakiga muri kaminuza mu mwaka wa kabiri buruse ye bayikuyeho maze akajya arya nabi icyayi n’irindazi kandi muri icyo gihe yarari mu byo bukene haje umusore amuha amafaranga ibihumbi maganabiri (200,000 rwf) kandi yari yaramuhakaniye umubano yanga kuyarya ngo atazatukisha izina ry’Imana.
Yabwiye abakristu ko kuba Imana yaradufunguriye imiryango yo kwiga muri kaminuza iki ni ikimenyetso kigaragaza ko yavunnye ukuboko kwa farawo kandi Imana ko ikomeje kubarindiramo kuko hari abayivamo batayirangiza,abasaba ko isengesho bazajya basenga bajye babwira Imana ikomeze kubavurira amaboko ya farawo.
Yakomeje gutanga ubuhamya bw’ukuntu yatashye agiye muri kiruhuko mbese mbere yuko agera mu rugo Imana imubwira umuntu waturanye ko ari buze kumuha umutobe kandi uroze koko ahageze ashaka kumwakiriza uwo mutobe yibuka ibyo Imana yamubwiye maze aramubwira ngo muri ino minsi ntabwo ndi kunywa,arashimira Imana ko yamukijije uwo mugambi mubi.
Yakomeje avuga ukuntu Umubyeyi yamubajije ngo” mbese ko wirirwa ujya kuvuga ubutumwa wiruka, gushaka kwawe ubivugaho iki? Arangije abura icyo amusubiza ariko ahita ajya gusenga Imana imubwira amagambo akomeye ngo agende abwire mama we ati” ikibanza kiri ruguru y’urugo ko atangomba kuhahinga kuko ariho amatenti bazakiriramo abashyitsi mu birori by’ubukwe ko ari azaba ari, Imana yaje kubikora nyuma y amezi make abibwiye umubyeyi we.
Yabwiye abakristu ko nubwo waba uri mu bibazo Imana izavuna ukundi kuboko kwa farawo kandi izagutabara mu byago waba urimo byose ariko byose bisaba gusenga Imana.
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text:
Taliki ya cumi y’ukwa desembri mu mwaka wa 1948, niwo munsi Ikoraniro
rusange rya ONU ryemeje likanamenyesha Itangazo ryo kwamamaza hose
ibyerekeye agaciro ka Muntu. Ikoraniro rusange ryasabye ibihugu byose bili muli
l’ONU gukora uko bishoboye kugira ngo iryo Tangazo lizatangirwe ku
mugaragaro, ryamamare hose kandi lisobanurwe, cyane cyane mu mashuli, ali
amato ali ayisumbuye, mu bihugu byose, ibyigenga n’ibigitegekwa. ITANGAZO RYAMAMAZA HOSE AGACIRO K’UMUNTU Intangiliro. Ikoraniro rusange lilibutsa ko: – Ugushyira ukizana, ituze n’ubutungane mu bihugu bishingiye ku karusho ka buli
muntu, kadasibangana, gahamya icyubahiro akwiye n’agaciro twese duhulijeho, – Gusuzugura no kwirengagiza ako gaciro n’icyubahiro bya buli muntu nibyo
byateye bamwe imigenzereze isa n’iy’inyamaswa, umutima w’umuntu
utakwihanganira. Nicyogituma twemeza ko icyo umuntu wese yimilije imbere
y’ibindi al’ugushyira akizana, nta nkomyi mu mvugo no mu bitekerezo, akibera
aho nta nduru nta butindi, – Ali ngombwa ko hashingwa amategeko arengera ako gaciro ka buli muntu,
akamulinda ubuja n’agahato, – Ikindi ngombwa nu gukomeza umubano w’ibihugu, – Ibihugu byunz’ubumwe byiyemeje muli Charte ya l’ONU kuzahora byubaha
agaciro k’umuntu wese, yaba umugore yaba umugabo, bose niko bakwiye
kwubahwa kimwe. Ibyo bihugu byiyemeje kandi kuzaharanira amajyambere mu
mibanire m’imibereho y’abantu ku mudendezo, – Ibihugu byose byunz’ubumwe byarahiliye gufasha umuryango wa l’ONU
kwubahisha hose agaciro n’uburenganzira bishingiye kuli kamere ya buli muntu, – Kugira ngo ibyo twarahiliye tubishyikire, tugomba no guhuza igitekerezo ku
byerekeye ako gaciro n’uburenganzira bya buli muntu, – Ikoraniro rusange ryamamaje ili Tangazo ryerekeye agaciro ka buli muntu,
ligomba kuyobora abaturage b’ibihugu byose uburyo bwo kwitoza umuco wo
kwubaha agaciro n’uburenganzira bw’umuntu. Uwo muco niwo amategeko
agenga buli gihugu n’atunganya umubano w’igihugu agomba gushishikalira
kwinjuza muli byose, ali nu nyigisho z’urubyiruko mu mashuli, ali no mu milirere
yose y’abaturage, kugira ngo bose hamwe, ali abatuye mu bihugu muli l’ONU,
ndetse n’abatarashyikira ubwigenge, uwo muco abe aliwo bimiliza imbere.
Article 1. Abantu bose bavuka aliko bakwiye agaciro no kwubahwa kimwe. Bose bavukana
ubwenge n’umutima, bagomba kugilirana kivandimwe.
Article 2. Umuntu wese akwiye kwemererwa kwafite agaciro n’uburenganzira bwose
bwahamijwe muli ili Tangazo. Nta muntu uzongera gucishwa ku wundi ku
mpamvu gusa z’ubwoko, ibara ry’umubili, idini yemera cyanga se ibitekerezo
afite muli politique no mu zindi ngingo, ntawe uzazira igihugu akomokamo,
ubworo amavuka cyanga se indi mimerere yindi. Kandi nta muntu uruta undi, ngo kuko baba bakomoka mu bihugu batareshya. Ali
abaturage b’ibihugu byigenga cyanga se bigitwarwa, bikiyoborwa n’ibindi, bose ni
abantu kimwe.
Article 3. Umuntu wese agomba kubaho, gushyira akizana no kutarengana.
Article 4. Nta muntu ukwiye guhinduka imbohe cyanga umuja. Kugira abantu abaja cyanga
se kubacururuza biraciwe rwose.
Article 5. Nta muntu ugomba kugilirwa urugomo, kuzira agashinyaguro, kwicwa urupfu
rubi.
Article 6. Aho umuntu ali hose agomba kurengerwa n’amategeko y’igihugu.
Article 7. Abantu bose ni kimwe ku byerekeye amategeko, kandi bose niki agomba
kubarengera kimwe, akabalinda akarengane gaciye ukubili n’ili Tangazo,
akabalinda ndetse n’ibishobora byose gutera ako karengane.
Article 8. Buli muntu afite ububasha bwo kuregera inkiko imigenzereze yose iciye ku
burenganzira yahawe n’amategeko.
Article 9. Ntawe ushobora gufunga umuntu ku karengane cyanga se kumuca mu gihugu.
Article 10. Urubanza rw’umuntu wese, mbere yo gucibwa, rugomba kwumvikana ku
mugaragaro, nta karengane, abacamanza bakabona kurukiranura batabera.
Article 11. 1. Umuntu wese urezwe igicumuro, mu gihe ataracirwa urubanza
rukimuhamya, agomba gufatwa nk’intungane kugeza igihe ubugiranabi
bwe bwemeza n’urukiko kumugaragaro, kandi bamaze kumuha uburyo
bwose bwo kwiburanira. 2. Nta muntu ugomba guhanirwa amafuti yigeze gukora, niba mu gihe
ayakoze nta tegeko ry’igihugu cyanga ryerekeye umubano w’igihugu, ryali
libibujije. Kandi lero nta n’uzajya acibwa igihano kirenze icyali gitegetswe,
igihe akoze akabi agomba guhanirwa.
Article 12. Ntawe ugomba kwirohera nta mpamvu mu byerekeye imibereho y’umuntu
n’iy’abe, mu rugo rwe no mu nzandiko ze, cyanga se ngo amusebye. Muli ibyo
byose kandi amategeko y’igihugu agomba kulinda umuntu wese akarengane.
Article 13. 1. Umuntu wese agomba kugenda uko ashaka mu gihugu, no kwihitiramwo
aho ashaka gutura. 2. Umuntu wese ashobora kuva mu gihugu abishatse, no kugaruka mu
gihugu cye kavukire.
Article 14. 1. Umuntu wese, iyo atotejwe, ashobora guhungira mo kwakirwa mu bindi
bihugu. 2. Ubwo burenganzira aliko ntibwarengera umuntu ukulikiranywe kubera
ubugome busanzwe, cyangase imigenzereze ye inyuranye n’amaherezo
l’ONU yimilije imbere.
Article 15. 1. Buli muntu agomba kwitilirwa igihugu cye kavukire. 2. Icyo kimenyetso cy’ubuturage ntawe ushobora kukinyagwa ku karengane,
aliko umuntu ashobora kwiyakira ubuturage bw’aho yihitiyemo.
Article 16. 1. Umuhungu n’umukobwa bageze mu kigero cyo kwubaka, bashobora
gusezerana uko bashaka. Nta nkomyi ituruka ku bwoko, ku nkomoko
cyanga se idini. Mubyerekeye kurongora umugabo n’umugore bahwanije
agaciro, mbere yo gusezerana, igihe bali kumwe ndetse n’iyo
batandukanye. 2. Ntabagomba gushyingirwa batabyiyemereye ubwabo. 3. Ishingiro ryambere ry’umubano mu bantu ni murugo, amategeko ya leta
agomba kururengera.
Article 17. 1. Umuntu wese afite ububasha bwo kugira icyo yitungira, ukwe kwa yenyine
cyanga se afatanije n’abandi. 2. Ntawe ushobora kunyagwa ikintu yitungiye ku karengane.
Article 18. Mu bitekerezo by’umuntu, mu bimutunganiye idini, buli muntu agomba gushyira
akizana. Nukuvuga ko ashobora guhindura ibitekezo bye n’idini, kubigaragaza
mu ruhame cyanga ahiherereye, kubyigisha na kubikulikiza, ku mutima no mu
mihango ibigaragaza.
Article 19. Buli muntu akwiye gutekerza no kuvuga akamuli ku mutima. Nukuvuga ko
adakwiye kuzira ibitekerezo bye, ko ashobora gushaka, guhabwa no
kwamamaza hose uko ashaka ibihuje n’icyo atekereza.
Article 20. 1. Abantu bashobora guterana na kwiremamo amashyaka mu mahoro. 2. Nta muntu ukwiye guhatirwa kwinjira mw’ishyaka atabishaka.
Article 21. 1. Buli muntu afite uburenganzira bwo guhagurukira ibyerekeye ubutegetsi
bw’igihugu cye kavukire, ali ukubyigiramo ubwe, cyanga se kubishinga
intumwa zatowe bitalimo agahato. 2. Mu byo gukorera leta y’igihugu cyabo, abaturage bose bagomba gucishwa
mu kigero kimwe. 3. Ubutegetsi mu gihugu bukomoka ku bushake bw’abaturage. Ubwo
bushake bugaragara uko igihe cy’itora kigarutse. Mw’itora abaturage bose
bakuze bahwanije ijwe, kandi bitorera uwo bashatse nta gahato.
Article 22. Umuntu wese mu gihugu niko agizwe n’abandi. Ishyaka ry’abaturage
n’ubugobokane bw’igihugu bigomba gukiza buli muntu, bikamugeza ku mibereho
imukwiye kandi imufasha kujyambere.
Article 23. 1. Umuntu wese akwiye kubona umulimo yihitiyemo nta gahato. Akawukora
mu neza, bitalimo amananiza kandi atikanga kubura amulimo. 2. Abakora umulimo umwe bose bagomba guhembwa kimwe, nta kubera, 3. Umukozi wese agomba guhabwa umushahara umutunze we n’abe, kandi
akanarengerwa n’amategeko alinda abakozi akarengane, 4. Umuntu wese ashobora gufatanya n’abandi gushinga syndicats
zimurengera.
Article 24. Buli muntu ukora agomba kurangiza akazi mu masaha akwiye no guhabwa
ibiruhuko, kandi iminsi ahawe y’ibiruhuko agomba nayo kuyihemberwa.
Article 25. 1. Umuntu wese akwiye ikimubeshaho neza , we n’abo mu rugo, cyane
cyane mu byerekeye imyambaro ibyo kurya, aho atuye n’ibyo kwivuza,
mbese ibya ngombwa byose ngo umuntu ashobore kubaho. Iyo umuntu
yabuze akazi, igihe c’indwara cyanga ubumuga, mu bupfakazi no mu
zabukuru, mbese iyo umuntu atakigira ikimubeshaho bidaturutse ku
bwende bwe, agombwa gutungwa n’integanyo leta yageneye iminsi mibi. 2. Ababyeyi n’abana bakwiye cyane gufashwa. Kandi abana bose ndetse
n’ibinyandaro, bagomba kurengerwa kimwe.
Article 26. 1. Umuntu wese agomba kurerwa na guhabwa ku busa inyigisho zose
z’amashuli yambere. Amashuli y’abanyamyuga agomba gukwira hose.
Kandi ababishoboye bose bagomba gufashwa kimwe kujya mu mashuli
makuru. 2. Imilerere n’yo igomba kugeza abantu ku bugabo buhamye kubongeramo
icyubahiro cy’agaciro ka buli muntu n’ibyo afitiye uburenganzira byose.
Imilerere niyo izatera imbaga z’amoko anyuranye, nako ibihugu byose,
kwumvikana no kubana bitanduranya nibwo buryo bwo gufatanya na
l’ONU gukwiza amahoro hose. 3. Ababyeyi bafite uburenganzira bwo gutoraniliza abana babo imilerere
ibakwiye.
Article 27. 1. Umuntu wese akwiye uko ashaka mu gitaramo cyogeza ubutore n’umuco
w’igihugu, akwiye kwizihiza ibinezereje byose no guharanira amajyambere
n’ibyiza byose ubuhanga butuma dushyikira. 2. Abahanga bahimbye ikintu gishya cyanga se abanditsi b’ibitabo, bishobora
kubaviramo inyungu y’ikiguzi cya byo cyanga se y’agaciro bibahesha,
nabyo bikarengerwa n’amategeko y’igihugu.
Article 28. Ibyemejwe byose muli ili Tangazo bigomba amahoro mu baturage, ndetse no mu
mibanire y’igihugu, kugira ngo bishobore kugilira umuntu wese akamaro
kahageze.
Article 29. 1. Umuntu nawe agomba kumenya agaciro k’urugaga rw’abo atuyemo,kuko
narwo rumufasha kwigeza ku bugabo buhamye. 2. Mu burenganzira bwe bwose n’agaciro afite buli muntu agomba kugarukira
ku rubibi yashingiwe n’amategeko y’igihugu, kugira ngo n’abandi bagere
ku gaciro kabo n’uburenganzira bwabo, mu neza n’ituze vy’ingaga
y’abadasumbana. 3. Ibyo byose byahamijwe ntawe ushobora kubyigarulira ku buryo buciye
ukubili n’amaherzo l’ONU yimilije imbere.
Article 30. Mu magambo yose y’ili Tangazo, nta Leta, nta ngaga, nta n’umuntu ushobora
kwibwira ko hali ilimuga ububasha bwatuma atambuka ku byemejweho
uburenganzira muli ili Tangazo.


text:
Mu karere ka Musanze, umwana w’umuhungu bivugwa ko yari amaze iminsi itarenze itatu avutse, yakuwe mu musarani w’ishuri aho yajugunywemo n’umuntu utahise amenyekana, ubu uwo mwana akaba akomeje kwitabwaho n’abaganga mu bitaro bya Ruhengeri.
Ayo makuru yamenyekanye saa kumi n’ebyiri z’umugoroba wo ku wa Kabiri tariki 09 Gashyantare 2021, ubwo umwe mu bagore barimo biga umuziki (basubira mu ndirimbo) mu rwunge rw’amashuri ya Karwasa mu Murenge wa Gacaca mu Karere ka Musanze, yajyaga kwitaba telefoni akumva umwana arira.
Ngo akimara kumva uwo mwana yagize amatsiko yegera aho aririra asanga ni mu musarani nk’uko Habinshuti Anaclet, Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w’Umurenge wa Gacaca yabitangarije Kigali Today dukesha iyi nkuru.
Yagize ati “Hari hafi saa kumi n’ebyiri aho umwarimu yigishirizaga umuziki abaririmbyi babiri mu Rwunge rw’amashuri ya Karwasa, umwe yagiye hanze kwitaba telefoni yumva uruhinja rurira, kuko aho bari bari kwigira hegereye umusarani agira amatsiko ajya kureba yumva ruri kuririra mu musarani, ni ko gutabaza, tuhageze turukuramo rukiri ruzima, ntitwabashije guhita tumenya uwarutayemo”.
Uwo muyobozi yavuze ko bakimara kuvana uwo mwana mu musarani bamukoreye ubutabazi bwihuse aho babanje kumugeza mu kigo Nderabuzima kibegereye nyuma ajyanwa mu bitaro bya Ruhengeri.
Ati “Hari hakibona, urumva saa kumi n’ebyiri zari zikiburaho iminota, birumvikana ko rutiriwemo. Ubwo twahageze tumena beton dukoresha isuka kugira ngo hatagira imyanda ikomeza kumujyaho, twoherezamo umuntu aramanuka arukuramo birumvikana rwari rwuzuyeho umwanda duhita turujyana mu kigo Nderabuzima cya Karwasa, aho twamukoreye ubufasha bwihuse nyuma dutumiza Ambulance (imbangukiragutabara) tumujyana mu bitaro bya Ruhengeri”.
Kugeza ubu umwana ngo ameze neza, bakaba barimo gushakisha uwamutaye, hakaba hakomeje kwigwa n’uburyo uwo mwana yakwitabwaho akabona umubyeyi umurera, aho kugeza ubu umubyeyi witwa Mukeshimana Marie Chantal ari we ukomeje gukurikirana ubuzima bwe.
Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w’Umurenge wa Gacaca muri Musanze, Habinshuti Anaclet, yaboneyeho gukangurira buri wese kwirinda gutwara inda mu gihe adateganya kuyibyara, ati “Ubutumwa natanga, ni uko umuntu niba adashaka kubyara yajya yirinda ko yasama, mu gihe bimubayeho agatwita akirinda kwica uwo atwise kuko bivamo ingaruka zikomeye zirimo ibihano bikomeye, kandi akaba avukije n’umuntu ubuzima.”