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Kuzuza imisoro bijya bigorana ku muntu wese wo muri Amerika, ariko abasaba ubuhungiro, abimukira ndetse n’abahawe ubuhungiro bashobora guhura n’ingorane. Abasaba ubuhungiro, abimukira, impunzi baba mu gihugu mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko bakaba basabwa kuriha imisoro nk’abenegihugu. Nyamara hari amarengayobora agenda azamo kuri buri wese wuzuza ibigendanye n’imisoro atari ku bimukira gusa– ProsperityME yifuje gusangiza abasomyi ba Amjambo Africa uburyo mwagenderaho bibafasha kumva neza ibyo musabwa ndetse n;uburyo mwabona ubufasha.
1. Kuzuza ibijyanye n’imisoro ni itegeko. Kutabikora bigira ingaruka zikomeye. Kutishyura imisoro bishobora kugira icyo byangiza muri gahunda y’ubwimukira bwawe. Itariki ntarengwa ni tariki 15 z’ukwakane 2021.
2. Abimukira batuye mu gihugu mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko ndetse n’ubutemewe baba bafite umutwaro w’imisoro kuri bo. Abimukira bemewe n’amategeko bo basabwa imisoro ku kigero kimwe n’abaturage ba Amerika. Abimukira bemewe n’amategeko barimo:
a. Abafite Green card ndetse n’abemerewe gutura muri Amerika mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko.
b. Ababaye iminsi runaka muri Amerika basabwa kwishyura imisoro, harimo abarengeje iminsi 31 muri Amerika, y’umwaka wuzuzamo imisoro ndetse bakaba barabaye iminsi 183 mu myaka ibiri ishize baba bari muri iki kiciro ndetse bagasabwa imisoro nk’abandi. Hari impushya zo kuba muri Amerika zitangwa muri iki kiciro.
“Abimukira batuye muri Amerika batemewe” bagerwaho n’ibyimisoro mu buryo butandukanye aho baba basabwa kwegera umunyamategeko akababwira uko bakwitwara muri iki kibazo. Kuzuza ibijyanye n’imisoro utazi neza ikiciro ubarizwamo bishobora gutera kwishyura menshi cg se kwishyurwa make.
3. Ibyinjijwe byose mu mwaka usabamo imisoro ugomba kubivuga haba harimo ibyo winjirije hanze ya Amerika bikuzuzwa nko mu buryo bw’imisoro ireba abinjije amafaranga ava hanze.
4. Umuntu wese ushyizwe ku mpapuro zaka imisoro agomba kuba atuye muri Amerika ndetse n’umushyizeho agomba kuba ari umubyeyi we cg se umuhagarariye mu mategeko. Ntushobora gushyiraho umufasha cg se umwana wawe uba hanze Umufasha cg se umwana ushyirwa mu rupapuro rusaba imisoro agomba kuba yujuje ibisabwa birimo:
a. Kuba aba mu rugo rwawe
b. Agomba kuba atuye mu rurwo rugo nibura igihe
kirenga amezi atandatu.
c. Agomba kuba ari munsi y’imyaka 19, cg se ari munsi y’imyaka 24 akaba umunyeshuri w’igihe cyose (full-time) nibura amezi atanu. Ashobora kuba afite imyaka iyariyo yose igihe afite ubumuga runaka.
d. Agomba kuba adatanga ibirenze ½ cy’ubufasha
mu rugo.
e. Abana ntibashobora kuzuza imisoro mu buryo bukomatanije mu mwaka umwe. (joint return.)
5. Uzuza ibijyanye n’imisoro kare gashoboka. Abakoresha benshi bohereza impapuro zerekana ayo umukozi yakoreye zitwa W-2 cg se 1099 hagati mu kwezi kwa mbere. Aabcuruzi baciriritse bagomba guhuza ibitabo bandikamo n’inyemezabuguzi by’umwaka uheruka.
6. irinde abatekamutwe mu by’imisoro. Ikigo IRS ntikijya gihamagara abantu naterefoni cg se ngo cyohereze imeli, cg ubutumwa kumaterefoni y’abasaba serivisi z’imisoro.
7. Irinde kwishyura menshi mu gihe wuzuza imisoro. Gutegura ibirebana n’imisoro ni akazi koroshye kadasaba ko wishyura cg se wishyuzwa umurengera w’amafaranga. Abimukira benshi bafite ahantu henshi bakorerwa iyi serivisi ku buntu nka gahunda CA$H. Guhana gahunda n’abakozi ba CA$H muri Maine bashobora gufasha ufite amikoro makeya kuzigama mu gihe buzuza ibirebana n’imisoro. Izi nama zishobora kugufasha kunyura muri iki gihe cy’imisoro utekanye. Abafite ibibazo runaka bakwaka ubujyanama ikigo ProsperityME bakabaha ubufasha.


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NTUZIBAGIRWE IBYO IMANA YAGUKOREYE
IBICE BYO GUSOMA: Zaburi ya 106:6-24; Nehemiya 9:6-15; Abakorinto 10:1-13
Bene Data muri Kristo Yesu, mbanje kubasuhuza. Ntiduherutse guteranira mu rusengero nk’uko twari dusanzwe tubikora buri cyumweru mu rwego rwo kwirinda ikwirakwira ry’icyorezo cya Covid-19. Ibi dusa n’abamaze kubimenyera ariko igishya ni uko kuri uyu wa mbere hari ibikorwa bimwe bizongera gusubukurwa harimo ingendo zo hagati mu ntara, ubucuruzi butandukanye, ubwubatsi, n’ibindi. Nubwo insengero zizakomeza gufungwa muri ibi byumweru bibiri biri imbere dukwiye gushima Imana cyane kubw’ibi bikorwa bizasubukurwa.
Bene Data, sinigeze ngira ubwoba ko iki cyorezo kitazashira burundu; ubwoba nagize (ndetse n’ubu ngifite) ni uko aka kaga nigashira abantu b’Imana batazasigarana isomo Imana yashatse kutwigisha muri iki gihe. Rwose Imana yiteguye kudutabara nk’uko yatabaye Abisiraheli ubwo bari bageze ku Nyanja itukura: “Ihana inyanja itukura irakama, nuko ibacisha imuhengeri nko mu butayu. Ibakiza ukuboko k’umwanzi wabo, irabacungura ibakura mu kuboko k’umubisha. Amazi arengera ababisha babo, Ntihasigara n’umwe” (Zab. 106:9-11) Nyamara ntidukwiye kuzamera nk’Abisiraheli bamaze kwambuka inyanja bakibagirwa Imana yabakoreye igitangaza: “Ba sogokuruza ntibamenye ibitangaza byawe wakoreye muri Egiputa, Ntibibutse imbabazi zawe nyinshi, Ahubwo bagomera ku nyanja ari yo Nyanja Itukura. (Umurongo wa 7) Hahise akanya bibagirwa imirimo yakoze, Ntibarindira ko isohoza imigambi yayo. (Umurongo wa 13). Amagambo twasomye uyu munsi mu Gitabo cy’Umuhanuzi Yeremiya nayo igaruka kuri iyi myitwarire y’Abisiraheli. Umurongo wa 16 w’igice cya cyenda uragira uti: “Ariko abo na ba sogokuruza baribona, bagamika amajosi ntibumva amategeko yawe”. Kugamika ijosi bigaragaza agasuzuguro gakabije!
Bene Data muri Kristo Yesu, ushobora gusoma ibyo Abisiraheli bakoze ukumva urabagaye cyane; ariko birashoboka ko nawe iyo uhaba icyo gihe uba warakoze nkabo! Reka natwe dutekereze ku bitangaza bikomeye Imana yadukoreye maze dutekereze icyo twayituye n’uko twitwaye igihe twari tubisohotsemo. Reka dufate urugero rumwe rwibihe bikomeye twese twanyuzemo bya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994. Ndahamya ntashidikanya ko buri wese wariho icyo gihe azi ubwenge yasenze Imana (mu buryo bwe) ayisaba kumutambutsa akaga kari kamwugarije. Jenoside irangiye bamwe biremeye ibigirwamana; ni ukuvuga batangira gutekereza ibintu bitandukanye bitari Imana bishobora kuba byaratumye barokoka (imitsindo runaka; imbaraga zabo bwite cg iz’abandi bantu runaka;etc.). Bamwe bagumanye imitima y’ibuye: na n’ubu hari abantu bakomeje kugaragaza ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside: barandura imyaka y’abacitse ku icumu, batema amatungo yabo, bavuga amagambo yuzuye urwango, etc. Hari abandi batekereje kwihorera (cg se n’ubu bakibitekereza), kandi byari gushoboka iyo ubutegetsi bushya budahaguruka ngo buhagarare bubirwanye.
Mu minsi ya vuba, ku maradiyo menshi yo mu Rwanda hagiye humvikana abantu benshi bavuga ko abanyamadini bababeshye nta Mana ibaho; ko Abapasiteri bose ari abajura bishakira indamu; etc. Hadutse abandi bavugaga ko umuntu wese yemerewe gukora ibyaha (gusambana, kuroga, kwica, etc.) ngo kuko Imana yababariye umuntu ibyaha byose ibinyujije mu rupfu rwa Yesu ku musaraba. Kwibagirwa Imana kwaragiye kugera kure cyane ku buryo hari n’abandikiye Leta bayisaba ko bashinga idini isenga Satani hano mu Rwanda usibye ko Leta yacu yabyanze. Ibi rero binyereka ko nta gushidikanya nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, Abanyarwanda twitwaye nk’Abisiraheli nyuma yo kwambuka inyanja itukura. Imana itubababarire.
Reka rero twongere twisuzume. Turebe ibyabaye ku Bisiraheli bamaze kugomera Imana kandi yo yabagiriye neza; turebe ibiri ku tubaho muri iyi minsi (kuko byanze bikunze Covid-19 ari ingaruka z’imigenzereze mibi ya muntu) maze bitubere akabarore, twihane, dusabe Imana imbabazi! Iyo niyo mpamvu aya magambo twasomye yose yanditswe: “Ariko ibyo byababereyeho kugira ngo bitubere akabarore, ngo tutifuza ibibi nk’uko bo babyifuje. Nuko rero ntimugasenge ibishushanyo nk’uko bamwe bo muri bo babisengaga, nk’uko byanditswe ngo “Abantu bicajwe no kurya no kunywa bahagurutswa no gukina.”Kandi ntimugasambane nk’uko bamwe bo muri bo basambanaga, bigatuma hapfa abantu inzovu ebyiri n’ibihumbi bitatu ku munsi umwe. Kandi ntimukagerageze Umwami wacu, nk’uko bamwe bo muri bo bamugerageje bakicwa n’inzoka. Ntimukivovote, nk’uko bamwe bo muri bo bivovose bakicwa n’umurimbuzi. Ibyo byababereyeho kutubera akabarore, kandi byandikiwe kuduhugura twebwe abasohoreweho n’imperuka y’ibihe. Nuko rero uwibwira ko ahagaze, yirinde atagwa.” (1 Kor 10:6-12)
Bene Data bakundwa, nk’uko nakomeje kubibabwira mu butumwa bwabanjirije ubu, ntimwihebe rwose Imana izadutabara idukize iki cyorezo gicike burundu. Icyo dusabwa ni ukuguma mu mwanya wacu: Abashumba tugume mu mwanya Imana yadushyizemo; intama nazo zigume mu mwanya wazo. Ibyo Imana ikora irabizi n’impamvu yabyo kandi natwe iratuzi ndetse izi n’intege nke zacu ari nayo mpamvu yadusezeranije ko itazatugerageresha ibirenze imbaraga zacu. Erega, umunyarwanda yaravuze ngo Imana itera amapfa ni nayo itera aho bahahira! Humura rwose n’ubwo ibikorwa byawe bitafunguwe ntuzicwa n’inzara! Mu gihe gikwiye Imana izabikora: “Nta kigeragezo kibasha kubageraho kitari urusange mu bantu, kandi Imana ni iyo kwizerwa kuko itazabakundira kugeragezwa ibiruta ibyo mushobora, ahubwo hamwe n’ikibagerageza izabacira akanzu, kugira ngo mubone uko mubasha kucyihanganira.” (1 Kor 10:13)
Amahoro Imana itanga aruta ayo umuntu wese yakwibwira age arinda imitima yanyu n’ubwenge bwanyu, kugira ngo mukomeze kumenya no gukunda Imana n’Umwana wayo Yesu Kristo Umwami wacu. Kandi umugisha w’imana ishobora byose, Data wa twese, Umwana, kandi Umwuka Wera ube muri mwe, kandi ugumane namwe iminsi yose. Amina!
Arch. Sehorana Joseph
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Igiti
Intangiriro[eindura | hindura inkomoko]
Igiti (Ubwinshi: Ibiti) kiri mu muryango w’ibinyabuzima. Kiramera, kigakura, kikaba cyarabya, cyakwera imbuto, hanyuma kikazasaza. Cyakora ntigishobora kwiyimura aho kiri.
Igiti kigizwe n’imizi, n’igihimba, n’amashami, n’amababi, n’indabyo zibyara imbuto. Imizi ifatisha igiti mu butaka, ikabuvanamo ibigitunga. Igihimba gitangirira ku butaka kigakura kijya hejuru. Igiti gihumekera mu mababi. Aho ibiti biri ari byinshi bahita ishyamba. Bavuga ko amashyamba akurura imvura akanarwanya isuli.
Akamaro k'igiti[eindura | hindura inkomoko]
Ibiti bigira akamaro kenshi: hari ibyera imbuto: nk’amacunga, amapapayi, indimu, amatunda, marakuja, za avoka, imyembe n’ibindi byinshi. Hari n’ibyubakishwa amazu n'amateme; hakaba n’ibisaturwamo imbaho, zikabazwamo ibikoresho by’amoko menshi, hakaba n’ibicanwa. Hari n'ibiti bitanga igicucu kuburyo abagenzi bashobora kwikinga izuba baruhuka bamara gutora akabaraga bagakomeza urugendo.


text:
Imibereho Y'Abaturage
Rwamagana: Abarema Isoko Ry’Imbuto Ry’i Gishari Ntibazongera Kunywa Amazi Yanduye
Ubuyobozi bw’Ikigo gitunganya kikanagurisha amazi kitwa JIBU buherutse guha abarema isoko ry’i Rwamagana, i Gishari, ryigurishirizwamo imbuto n’imboga amazi atunganywa na ruriya ruganda kugira ngo bibarinde amazi yanduye.
Amazi yanduye ni amazi afite ibara cyangwa impumuro runaka cyangwa arimo udukoko tutagaragarira amaso.
Hari ubwo aba atagaragaza umwanda runaka ariko arimo ibinyabuzima bitagaragarira amaso biteza indwara zitandukanye zirimo n’inzoka zo mu nda.
Abakozi b’Uruganda JIBU bayobowe n’uwitwa Djibril Habiyaremye bahaye amazi abaturage barema ririya soko amazi mu macupa manini kugira ngo bajye banywa amazi asukuye.
Iki kigo gifite ahantu 57 mu Rwanda hatunganyirizwa amazi ya JIBU, muri Kigali honyine hari ahantu 33.
Ushinzwe ibikorwa muri JIBU Rwanda witwa Bruno Tuyisenge aherutse kubwira itangazamakuru ko ikibazo bahuye nabwo bagirangira gutunganya ariya mazi, ari ukumvisha Abanyarwanda akamaro ko kunywa amazi atunganyijwe batanyoye amazi atetse gusa.
Ati: ” Icyo twabanje gukora ni ukumvisha abantu akamaro ko kunywa amazi atunganyijwe bakava ku mazi atetse. Byabanje kugorana ariko imibare yerekana ko bagenda babyumva gahoro gahoro.”
Ku munsi muri rusange batunganya amazi angana na Litiro 10,000 ariko ngo hari ubwo amazi atunganywa ashobora kwiyongera bitewe n’uko abantu bayacyeneye ahantu runaka.


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Abarezi n’abanyeshuri mu Karere ka Rubavu, basanga ikibazo cyo kudasimbura by’agateganyo, umwarimu wagiye mu kiruhuko cyo kubyara kimara amezi atatu bigira ingaruka ku myigire y’abana ndetse n’ingengabihe y’amasomo y’umwaka.
Minisiteri y’Uburezi ivuga ko igiye gukurikirana uturere tutubahiriza amabwiriza yashyizweho avuga ko umwarimu wagiye mu kiruhuko cyo kubyara agomba kujya asimburwa kandi ababasimbura bakishyurwa.
Icyo kibazo kigaragara ku bigo binyuranye mu Karere ka Rubavu, aho abanyeshuri bavuga ko iyo umwarimu yagiye mu kiruhuko cyo kubyara, badakunze kubona umusimbura by’agateganyo ngo akomereze aho bari bageze isomo rye.
Ibi bituma basigara inyuma mu myigire yabo no gutakaza igihe kuko akenshi iyo isaha y’iryo somo igeze uwo mwanya waryo upfa ubusa.
Umunyeshuri umwe yagize ati “Yamaze igihe ababyaye, tubura umwali watwigisha iryo somo yatwigishaga, dutakaza amasomo gutyo.”
Undi yagize ati “Kandi turiho turiga mu bucucike tukumva bitubangamiye, ntitwige twisanzure bika tubangamira gutyo.”
Ibi ngo bikunze kugira ingaruka ku ngengabihe y’amasomo nk’uko bigarukwaho na bamwe mu barezi twaganiriye ariko batifuza ko umwirondoro wabo utangazwa, bagaragaza impungenge ku ireme ry’uburezi kuko amezi atatu y’umubyeyi wabyaye ari muri konje, ingana n’igihembwe cyose, iyo atabonye umusimbura bibavunisha.
Abarimu twaganiriye ntibifuje ko imyirondoro yabo itangazwa.
Umwe yagize ati “Byaba ngombwa tugasubira kuri horaire kugira ngo abo bana bataba innoccupee, umwarimu akagira amasaha y’ikirenga, akaba surcharge.”
Undi ati “porogaramu ntabwo igenda nk’uko yakagombye kugenda umwarimu nyiri somo ahari, urumva haba hariho imbogamizi.”
Hari uwavuze ko hari igihe umwarimu ajya mu kiruhuko cyo kubyara, ntihaboneke umusimbura bigatuma abasigaye bigisha abanyeshuri benshi.
Ati “Noneho mu ishuri ukabano hagiyemo abana 180 bari kwigishwa n’umwarimu umwe, ukabona n’ikibazo gikomeye, biba bisa nk’aho ari nka Padiri uri kwigisha abakirisitu muri kiliziya, abana barasakuza.”
Undi mwarimu avuga ko inzego bireba ziakwiye gukemura iki kibazo.
Ati “Iicyakorwa wenda ni uko hateganywa abarimu, akarere ka kabiteganya, bakaba biteguye iteka gusimbura abagiye muri iyo konji ya materinite.”
Kuri ibi bibazo bikibangamiye ireme ry’uburezi mu Karere ka Rubavu, ubuyobozi bw’aka karere bwirinze kugira icyo bubivugaho.
Cyakora Minisiteri y’Uburezi yemeza ko iki kibazo yagikemuye ndetse ko hari n’amabwiriza yatanzwe ku bufatanye na Minisiteri y’Abakozi ba Leta n’Umurimo, uturere twagombye kwifashisha nk’uko byagarutsweho n’Umunyamabanga wa Leta muri MINEDUC Dr Munyakazi Isaac.
Yagize ati “Ngira ngo ni uku bikurikirana neza mu rwego rw’akarere, tukamenye impamvu bikivurwa, ariko nka Minisitiri y’Uburezi dufatanyije na Minisiteri y’Abakozi ba Leta, twanatanze amabwiriza m’uturere hose avuga ko ababyeyi bagiye kubyara bagomba kujya basimburwa kandi ababasimbura bakishyurwa.”
Gusa, bamwe mu barezi bavuga ko n’aho byageragejwe, byakomwe mu nkokora no kutishyurwa, nk’uko bisobanurwa na Nsengiyumva Mapendo, umwe mu barezi basimbuye uwagiye mu kiruhuko cyo kubyara ariko ngo amaso yaheze mu kirere, hashyize umwaka.
Yagize ati “Ibyo mvuga byambayeho uga kora amezi atatu , na nyuma yayo mezi atatu ugategereza igihe nkingana n’umwaka utarishyurwa.”
Abarezi bakomeza basobanura ko itegeko riteganya ko umusimbura agomba guhabwa umushahara ungana n’uw’umwarimu ugitangira, gusa ngo naho byakozwe batungurwa nuko bagenerwa ku munsi amafaranga 1,000 y’u Rwanda nayo bategereza bagaheba.


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Bamwe mu baturage basenyewe kuko bari batuye mu bishanga baravuga ko bategereje ingurane bizejwe n’ubuyobozi bw’Umurenge amaso ahera mu kirere. Ni mu Mudugudu wa Kadobogo, Akagari ka Kagugu mu Murenge wa Kinyinya mu Karere ka Gasabo.
Itangazamakuru rya Flash ryasanze aba baturage mu matongo basenyewe muri 2019, muri gahunda yo kuvana abantu mu gishanga ku mpamvu yo gukiza ubuzima bwabo.
Aba baturage bavuga ko muri uwo mwaka ubuyobozi bw’Umurenge bwaje bugasenya amazu yabo bubabwira ko batuye mu gishanga.
Icyo gihe uwasenyewe wese yahawe amafaranga yo gukodesha amezi abiri, bizezwa ko bazabaha ingurane, ariko ngo barategereje amaso yaheze mu kirere.
Baganira n’umunyamakuru wa Flash, bamubwiye ko nyuma yo gusenyerwa ubuzima bwahindutse.
Martha Akimanaati “Nari mfite inzu y’imiryango 27 yakodeshwaga n’indi y’ibyumba birindwi nabanagamo n’abana banjye, ariko ubu ndi muy’icyumba kimwe n’uruganiriro kandi nayo tudakwirwamo.”
Ndayisaba Martinyagize ati “Namaze imyaka myinshi ntunda imicanga nza kugura ikibanza ndubaka. Nyuma y’igihe gito baraza baradusenyera baduha ibihumbi mirongo ine byo gukodesha amezi abiri, batwizeza ko bazaduha ingurane, none dore imyaka ibaye ibiri.”
Iki kibazo abaturage bavuga ko gifitwe n’imiryango 7 nk’uko umunyamakuru yayisuye.
Iyi miryango yavanwe mu gishanga bakodesha n’ubundi muri uyu mudugudu wa Kadobogo, ariko bagira ubwo baza gusura aho bahoze.
Buri muryango utuye mu nzu y’icyumba kimwe n’uruganiriro.
Hari abagaragaza ko badakwirwamo, ariko abandi barimutse bajya gushaka aho baba nko mu Ntara.
Barasaba Leta ko yabafasha ikabaha ingurane bijejwe cyangwa se bagasubizwa ibyabo byangijwe.
Martha Akimana ati “Ndasaba ngo mutuvuganire kuko mbayeho ubuzima bubi ku buryo n’abana bamwe bavuye mu ishuri.”
Martin Ndayisaba aragira ati “Ndumva bansubiza ikibanza cyanjye bakanyemerera ko nubaka, kuko mbayeho nabi simfite aho mba n’abana banjye uko ari bane.”
Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w’Umurenge wa Kinyinya, Nduwayezu Alfred, yagaragaje ko iki kibazo cyarenze ubushobozi bw’Umurenge ubu kikaba kiri mu maboko y’Akarere ndetse n’umujyi wa Kigali.
Ariko ngo uwaba afite ikibazo cy’amashuri y’abana yabegera bakumufasha kumushakira ishuri.
Nduwayezu yagize ati “Iki kibazo inzego zituyoboye zirakizi kandi bazaduha umurongo wacyo. Nta mwana wari ukwiye kuba atiga, hari abo twafashije babona amashuri n’abandi rero bafite ikibazo baza ku murenge tukabafasha.”
Aba baturage bavuga ko nubwo basenyewe kuko bari batuye mu gishanga ibyangombwa bafite byanditseho ko ari mu miturire.
Ikindi kibatera urujijo ariko ni uko bavuga ko hari abandi bantu bari kubaka aho bo basenyewe babwirwa ko ari mu gishanga.
CYUBAHIRO GASABIRA Gad


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Venant Nkurunziza.
U Rwanda ni igihugu navuga ko cyahuye n’ibizazane bikomeye kuva cyakwitwa u Rwanda. Igihe kirageze ariko ngo: abagabo n’abagore biyunvamo ubutwari mu guhindura ibintu, bagaragare dukore iyobwabaga maze u Rwanda tuzaraga abana n’abuzukuru bacu ruzabe ari u Rwanda rufite icyerekezo kizima kandi kiboneye kuri buri munyarwanda. Ibyo rero bisaba inzira ndende kandi iruhije ariko irashoboka nk’uko tugiye kubibona. Ndagerageza kwerekana abagabo baranzwe n’ubumuntu, baba intwari maze bikorera imisaraba ibaruhije, ndetse bemera no kumena amaraso yabo ariko ikivi batangiye kirasozwa .
Dore abo badacogora urubyiruko rw’u Rwanda rukwiye kwigiraho:
1. Yezu (Umwami w’abayahudi): kwitanga kugirango Rubanda ikizwe
Uyu musore w’i Nazareti wemeye kwitangira rubanda kugeza abizize, rubanda yari imwitezeho umuyobozi mwiza ugiye kubakiza akarengane ka Gashakabuhake w’Umuromani no kwimika ubuyobozi butagira amakemwa. N’ubwo ubwami we yahishuraga bwari ubw’ijuru, ariko yadusigiye isomo twe abanyarwanda dukwiye kugenderaho kugirango twivane mu bibazo by’imiyoborere mibi byaranze u Rwanda na n’ubu rukigeretse. Yigishije kenshi ko ushaka kuba umuyobozi mwiza akwiye kwemera kuba umugaragu wa rubanda aho kuba ikigirwamana n’indakoreka. Aha rero umuyobozi akwiye kwemera kuba umugaragu w’abaturage, akemera kubakorera kugira ngo babeho neza aho kubahindura abacakara. Aha binyibutsa indi mvugo y’abanyarwanda bifitanye isano, ivugako “ushaka kuba umuyobozi inda ayitwara inyuma”. Bishatse kuvuga ko, abayobozi bibwira ko bihesha agaciro iyo bashishikarira gukama izo baragiye kandi baharurutswe kandi tubarambiwe. Dukeneye abayobozi bagera ikirenge mu cya Yesu rero , bita kubo bayoboye, batanga ihumure ku benegihugu, batanga uburenganzira busesuye munvugo n’ingiro, bita kumpumyi, abarwayi, abakene, ibimuga, infubyi n’abapfakazi…
2. William Wilberforce: icyerekezo cyo gusezerera ubucakara.
William yabayeho kuva mu 1759-1833. Murahita mwunva ko yabayeho mu gihe ibintu byari bikomereye abanyafurika (abasogukuruza bacu) bakubitwa, bagurishwa nk’ibicuruzwa, bagakoreshwa nk’ibimasa, bakicwa nk’amasazi… Genda Afurika warababaye! Ubucakara rero n’ubucuruzi bw’abantu byari byaremewe rwose nk’ihame ntavuguruzwa muri icyo gihe. Nyamara ubutwari buravukanwa : William yabaye intwari aho rukomeye maze mu 1773 yiyemeza kwandika ibarubwa yatangajwe mu binyamakuru binyuranye, iyo baruwa yanengaga cyane ububwa bw’abarimo bacuruza ikiremwa muntu, agaya ababishyigikiye bose kandi agaragaza ububi n’ingaruka z’ibyo barimo bakora. Nyuma gato,hashingiwe kuri uru rugamba yarwanye, mu 1787 hashyizweho komite yo kwiga uburyo bwo guhagarika icuruzwa ry’abacakara.
Guhangana rero ni uguhozaho, William wari umwe mu bagize inteko ishinga mategeko yiyemeje gukomeza uru rugamba, maze ashinga imitwe ya politiki (pressure groups). Iyo mitwe rero niyo yakoresheje mu gushishikariza abantu kugira uruhare rugaragara mu guhagarika ubucuruzi ruvumwa bw’abacakara. William ntiyavuye ku izima ahubwo yaratsimbaraye kugeza inteko ishingamategeko y’Ubwongereza yemeye ku mugaragaro ko ihagaritse ubucuruzi bw’abacakara mu 1807. Nguyu rero umunyarwanda ( umusore n’inkumi) dukeneye mu rugamba rwo gushakira hamwe umuti w’ibibazo bijyanye n’igitugu,iterabwoba n’akarengane gakabije byugarije u Rwanda n’ibiyaga bigari.
3. Mahatma Gandhi: Umuhanga mugushaka ibisubizo binyuze mu nzira y’amahoro.
Uyu muhinde Gandhi we yaricaye asanga inzira y’urugomo no guhiga ibigango yari imenyerewe na benshi mu gukemura amakimbirane (Violence) ari ruvumwa kandi ikwiye gusezererwa. Iyi nzira Gandhi asobanura ko nta musaruro urambye itanga kuko abatsinzwe hakoreshejwe inzira imena amaraso , iyo babonye icyuho ntakindi gikurikiraho uretse kwihorera, bityo bityo. Aha neza neza wagirango Gadhi wo mu 1869-1948 yari azi ibizaranga u Rwanda mu gisekuru cya 20 na 21. Abatutsi, Abahutu, emwen’Abatwa , dukwiye gukura isomo aha hantu. U Rwanda ntirushobora kuba u Rwanda umututsi yameneshejwe, ntiruzitwa gutyo kandi umuhutu ahejejwe ishyanga, nyamara na none ntiruzatekana umutwa nadahabwa ijambo! Arikose mbabaze : amateka nt akintu koko ashobora kutwigisha?
Iyi ntwari rero yabaye ikirangirire mu guharanira amahoro hadakoreshejwe urugomo na kiboko, yemeza ko iyi ari yo nzira ihwitse yo kwegera uwo mutavuga rumwe mu gukemura ibibazo n’amakimbirane hagati yanyu. Kubigeraho Gandhi avuga ko hari amahame akwiye gukurikizwa: Kubaha uwo mutavuga rumwe no kumuha amahirwe yo kuganira (Respect for the others by allowing them an opportunity to change), Kwitegura kubabara no gupfa bibaye ngombwa (Willingness to suffer or to die), Gutitiriza ko ubutabera buzagerwaho (Perseverance that Justice has to be achieved). Gandi niwe waharaniye kandi ubwigenge bw’ Ubuhinde. Na none kandi Gandhi yagize uruhare rugaragara (imyaka 20) mu kwamagana politike ya ruvumwa ya korwaga n’abazungu mu gutsikamira no kuvangura abenegihugu b’abirabura muri Afurika y’Epho. Kugirango twunve neza ubunararibonye bw’iyintwali nagereranya na Salomoni mubwenge, reka twifashishe urugero rwabayeho rw’umunyedini w’umu Hindu wagiye kwicuza no gusaba imbabazi kwa Gandhi ko ngo yishe umwana w’Umuyisiramu amuziza ubuyisiramu gusa. Nuko Gandi arumirwa abwira uwo muHindu ko yakwiye gushaka umwana w’Umuyisiramu arera kandi agakurana uburere bwa Kiyisiramu. Ngubwo ubwiyunge nyakuri!
Ngayo nguko! Ubwo se ubuvivi n’ubuvivure bwa Kanyarwanda ntasomo murakura mu bunararibonye bw’iy’iyintwali koko? Ngaho umuhutu nagende arere imfubyi zo mubwoko bw’Abatutsi munzira ibereye u Rwanda. N’umututsi kandi bibe uko. Maze abashakira ibisubizo aho bitari mubabwire muti: “musigeho mwiduteranya ukuri turakuzi”.
4. Martin Luther King: Inzozi z’igihugu kizira ivangura
Mu 1963, uyu mwuzukuruza w’abasogokuruza bacu bajyanwe bunyago yivugiraga ko afite inzozi zo kubona igihugu kizira ivangura rishingiye ku ibara rw’umubiri, ku moko…Mu mbwirwaruhame yise “Naraye ndose” yemezaga ko yizeye ko umunsi umwe abana b’abahoze ari abacakara bashobora kuzicarana ku meza amwe n’abana b’abahoze ari bakizigenza b’ubucakara; aho abantu bazaba batakireberwa kw’ibara ry’uruhu ahubwo bita ku ndangagaciro ziranga buri wese; aho ukwishyira ukizana (freedom) bizaganza kudusozi (ubwo mbese twunve nyumbakumi zo mu Rwanda), mu mijyi ndetse n’igihugu cyose. Amateka koko ntatinda kwihishura, ubwo ugishidikanya yabaza Barack Obama abo bicaranye muri “Maison Blanche”!
Ibyabaye kera muri Amerika (USA) ni agahomamunwa! Abasogokuruza bacu barakubiswe, bajugunwa mu nyanja, bazirikwa amakamba ngo badacika uburetwa, mbese bicwa urubozo. None se niba ibyo byose n’ibirenzeho barashoboye kubyigobotora, kuki i Rwanda mwakwiheba? Erega ngo “kugera kure siko gupfa!” None semuri iyo myaka y’1960 , ninde wari kwemeza ko abana b’abacakara usibye no kuyobora Amerika, bari kuzapfa bemerewe no gutora? Na Maritini ubwe yabyitaga inzozi. Dore icyo dusabwa rero: buri munyarwanda wese wibaza aha yakwisubiza. Niba iturufu y’uruhu yaracitse, iy’ubwoko butanagaragara mwayirisha kangahe? Nimureke kurindagizwa na politiki y’inda nini y’Agatsiko ahubwo mukabwire muti twakangutse. Erega ukuri ngo “kuryana mu jisho ariko ni ukuri” kandi ngo « guca muziko ntigushye” ! Dukeneye ukuri aho guhozwaho ibinyoma, dukeneye ukwishyira ukizana aho kugirwa imbohe, dukeneye kandi uruvugiro aho kugirwa ibiragi. None se ubu uwakubaza inzozi ufitiye Urwakubyaye n’icyo ukora ngo zisohozwe wasubiza iki?
5. Nelson Mandela: (Inzira yo kwibohora)
Uyu mukambwe ugihumeka umwuka w’abazima, yayoboye igihugu cya Afrika y’Epfo nyuma yo gufungwa imyaka irenga 20 azira akamama. None se n’ibi kandi nta somo bidusigira ra? Ubwo byabaye muri Afurika nagira ngo twabyumva vuba . Ntaganda Bernard se arazira iki? Mushayidi arazira iki? Naho Ingabire Victoire we baramuziza iki?
Uyu mukambwe Mandela niwe wigeze kuvuga ngo “iminyururu iri kuri umwe mu bantu banjye iba iri ku bantu bajye bose, kandi iminyururu iri ku bantu banjye bose ubwo jye iba indiho”. None se niba abantu bazira ubusa turebera ubwo murunva ari ubuhoro ? None se ntubona ko ejo nawe ubwawe uzaba ugezweho? Ejobundi nanjye nkagwa mu matsa? None se ninde uzatuvugira niba nta n’uwo kubara inkuru uzaba akiriho ? Ngaho aho ihurizo riri, umunyarwanda wese akwiye kubona ko atagize uruhare muri uru rugamba rudashobora kurangira , bityo abana b’u Rwanda tukazahora turagana ibibi nk’abamennye urusyo ! Iyo gatebegatoki ikwiye kurangira burundu : Igihe kirageze.
Nyamara ariko Mandela we yemeza ko n’iyo Umulideri ari muri gereza imigambi ye myiza ikomeza. Aragira ati : «…ni muri iyo myaka rero y’akamama ndi muri gereza inyota yo kubohora abantu bange noneho yabaye inyota yo kubohora abantu bose, abazungu n’abirabura ». None se wari uzi ko Mandela yemeza ko « uboha akeneye kubohorwa rwose nk’uko uboshye abikeneye » ? Avuga ko umuntu wiha gutwara uburenganzira bw’undi muntu ari infungwa imwe mbi ; ifungiye rwose muri kasho y’ubugome, urwango, kurenganya n’ubwengebucye.
Umwanzuro
Mu kwanzura mboneyeho kwifuriza Abanyarwanda bose kutiheba kuko burya ntakidashoboka munsi y’ijuru kandi « kugera kure siko gupfa ». Nk’uko mubyiboneye rero nta bibazo bitagira ibisubizo kandi ngo amaherezo y’inzira ni mu nzu. Ariko se wagera kuki wiyicariye ukarebera akarengane (passivité) ? Wagera kuki se uhisemo inzira yo gukemura ibibazo ukoresheje urugomo na kiboko (violence) ? Umuntu asarura icyo yabibye rwose: Nubiba inzangano n’amacakubiri uzasarura amakimbirane, intambara z’urudaca na jenoside rugeretse. Nyamara n’ubiba ubumwe n’urukundo uzasarura ituze, amahoro n’umutekano. Aba badacogora rero tutarondora ngo tubarangize bose urugero baduhaye dukwiye kurugira urwacu .
Iyi niyo mpamvu rero Ishyaka Ishema ry’u Rwanda ryiyemeje gufasha Abanyarwanda gukemura ibibazo by’ubutegetsi bw’igitugu bashyize imbere inzira y’amahoro. Ishyaka Ishema ryiyemeje kwerekana ibibazo uko biri no kubiganiraho n’abanyarwanda bose babyifuza. Ishema ryiyemeje kandi gushakira ibisubizo aho biri binyuze mu nzira y’amahoro n’ibiganiro. Nyamara ariko inzira ni ndende kuko dukeneye kubohora abanyarwanda bose ndetse n’Agatsiko kababoshye. Ibi birunvikana neza kuko iyo wiyemeje inzira y’amahoro uwo mutavuga rumwe nawe ntaba akiri umwanzi wo kwicwa byanze bikunze ahubwo uharanira kumuha amahirwe yo kugaruka mu nzira iboneye, akava mu macakubiri, mu nzangano, ukwikunda n’ubwenge buke nk’uko inararibonye Mandela abivuga.
Mwese abikundira iri shyaka nayobotse, mbifurije guhorana Ishema .
Venant Nkurunziza
Komiseri ushinzwe Afurika mu
Ishyaka Ishema
Venant Nkurunziza.
U Rwanda ni igihugu navuga ko cyahuye n’ibizazane bikomeye kuva cyakwitwa u Rwanda. Igihe kirageze ariko ngo: abagabo n’abagore biyunvamo ubutwari mu guhindura ibintu, bagaragare dukore iyobwabaga maze u Rwanda tuzaraga abana n’abuzukuru bacu ruzabe ari u Rwanda rufite icyerekezo kizima kandi kiboneye kuri buri munyarwanda. Ibyo rero bisaba inzira ndende kandi iruhije ariko irashoboka nk’uko tugiye kubibona. Ndagerageza kwerekana abagabo baranzwe n’ubumuntu, baba intwari maze bikorera imisaraba ibaruhije, ndetse bemera no kumena amaraso yabo ariko ikivi batangiye kirasozwa .
1. Yezu (Umwami w’abayahudi): kwitanga kugirango Rubanda ikizwe
Uyu musore w’i Nazareti wemeye kwitangira rubanda kugeza abizize, rubanda yari imwitezeho umuyobozi mwiza ugiye kubakiza akarengane ka Gashakabuhake w’Umuromani no kwimika ubuyobozi butagira amakemwa. N’ubwo ubwami we yahishuraga bwari ubw’ijuru, ariko yadusigiye isomo twe abanyarwanda dukwiye kugenderaho kugirango twivane mu bibazo by’imiyoborere mibi byaranze u Rwanda na n’ubu rukigeretse. Yigishije kenshi ko ushaka kuba umuyobozi mwiza akwiye kwemera kuba umugaragu wa rubanda aho kuba ikigirwamana n’indakoreka. Aha rero umuyobozi akwiye kwemera kuba umugaragu w’abaturage, akemera kubakorera kugira ngo babeho neza aho kubahindura abacakara. Aha binyibutsa indi mvugo y’abanyarwanda bifitanye isano, ivugako “ushaka kuba umuyobozi inda ayitwara inyuma”. Bishatse kuvuga ko, abayobozi bibwira ko bihesha agaciro iyo bashishikarira gukama izo baragiye kandi baharurutswe kandi tubarambiwe. Dukeneye abayobozi bagera ikirenge mu cya Yesu rero , bita kubo bayoboye, batanga ihumure ku benegihugu, batanga uburenganzira busesuye munvugo n’ingiro, bita kumpumyi, abarwayi, abakene, ibimuga, infubyi n’abapfakazi…
2. William Wilberforce: icyerekezo cyo gusezerera ubucakara.
William yabayeho kuva mu 1759-1833. Murahita mwunva ko yabayeho mu gihe ibintu byari bikomereye abanyafurika (abasogukuruza bacu) bakubitwa, bagurishwa nk’ibicuruzwa, bagakoreshwa nk’ibimasa, bakicwa nk’amasazi… Genda Afurika warababaye! Ubucakara rero n’ubucuruzi bw’abantu byari byaremewe rwose nk’ihame ntavuguruzwa muri icyo gihe. Nyamara ubutwari buravukanwa : William yabaye intwari aho rukomeye maze mu 1773 yiyemeza kwandika ibarubwa yatangajwe mu binyamakuru binyuranye, iyo baruwa yanengaga cyane ububwa bw’abarimo bacuruza ikiremwa muntu, agaya ababishyigikiye bose kandi agaragaza ububi n’ingaruka z’ibyo barimo bakora. Nyuma gato,hashingiwe kuri uru rugamba yarwanye, mu 1787 hashyizweho komite yo kwiga uburyo bwo guhagarika icuruzwa ry’abacakara.
Guhangana rero ni uguhozaho, William wari umwe mu bagize inteko ishinga mategeko yiyemeje gukomeza uru rugamba, maze ashinga imitwe ya politiki (pressure groups). Iyo mitwe rero niyo yakoresheje mu gushishikariza abantu kugira uruhare rugaragara mu guhagarika ubucuruzi ruvumwa bw’abacakara. William ntiyavuye ku izima ahubwo yaratsimbaraye kugeza inteko ishingamategeko y’Ubwongereza yemeye ku mugaragaro ko ihagaritse ubucuruzi bw’abacakara mu 1807. Nguyu rero umunyarwanda ( umusore n’inkumi) dukeneye mu rugamba rwo gushakira hamwe umuti w’ibibazo bijyanye n’igitugu,iterabwoba n’akarengane gakabije byugarije u Rwanda n’ibiyaga bigari.
3. Mahatma Gandhi: Umuhanga mugushaka ibisubizo binyuze mu nzira y’amahoro.
Uyu muhinde Gandhi we yaricaye asanga inzira y’urugomo no guhiga ibigango yari imenyerewe na benshi mu gukemura amakimbirane (Violence) ari ruvumwa kandi ikwiye gusezererwa. Iyi nzira Gandhi asobanura ko nta musaruro urambye itanga kuko abatsinzwe hakoreshejwe inzira imena amaraso , iyo babonye icyuho ntakindi gikurikiraho uretse kwihorera, bityo bityo. Aha neza neza wagirango Gadhi wo mu 1869-1948 yari azi ibizaranga u Rwanda mu gisekuru cya 20 na 21. Abatutsi, Abahutu, emwen’Abatwa , dukwiye gukura isomo aha hantu. U Rwanda ntirushobora kuba u Rwanda umututsi yameneshejwe, ntiruzitwa gutyo kandi umuhutu ahejejwe ishyanga, nyamara na none ntiruzatekana umutwa nadahabwa ijambo! Arikose mbabaze : amateka nt akintu koko ashobora kutwigisha?
Iyi ntwari rero yabaye ikirangirire mu guharanira amahoro hadakoreshejwe urugomo na kiboko, yemeza ko iyi ari yo nzira ihwitse yo kwegera uwo mutavuga rumwe mu gukemura ibibazo n’amakimbirane hagati yanyu. Kubigeraho Gandhi avuga ko hari amahame akwiye gukurikizwa: Kubaha uwo mutavuga rumwe no kumuha amahirwe yo kuganira (Respect for the others by allowing them an opportunity to change), Kwitegura kubabara no gupfa bibaye ngombwa (Willingness to suffer or to die), Gutitiriza ko ubutabera buzagerwaho (Perseverance that Justice has to be achieved). Gandi niwe waharaniye kandi ubwigenge bw’ Ubuhinde. Na none kandi Gandhi yagize uruhare rugaragara (imyaka 20) mu kwamagana politike ya ruvumwa ya korwaga n’abazungu mu gutsikamira no kuvangura abenegihugu b’abirabura muri Afurika y’Epho. Kugirango twunve neza ubunararibonye bw’iyintwali nagereranya na Salomoni mubwenge, reka twifashishe urugero rwabayeho rw’umunyedini w’umu Hindu wagiye kwicuza no gusaba imbabazi kwa Gandhi ko ngo yishe umwana w’Umuyisiramu amuziza ubuyisiramu gusa. Nuko Gandi arumirwa abwira uwo muHindu ko yakwiye gushaka umwana w’Umuyisiramu arera kandi agakurana uburere bwa Kiyisiramu. Ngubwo ubwiyunge nyakuri!
Ngayo nguko! Ubwo se ubuvivi n’ubuvivure bwa Kanyarwanda ntasomo murakura mu bunararibonye bw’iy’iyintwali koko? Ngaho umuhutu nagende arere imfubyi zo mubwoko bw’Abatutsi munzira ibereye u Rwanda. N’umututsi kandi bibe uko. Maze abashakira ibisubizo aho bitari mubabwire muti: “musigeho mwiduteranya ukuri turakuzi”.
4. Martin Luther King: Inzozi z’igihugu kizira ivangura
Mu 1963, uyu mwuzukuruza w’abasogokuruza bacu bajyanwe bunyago yivugiraga ko afite inzozi zo kubona igihugu kizira ivangura rishingiye ku ibara rw’umubiri, ku moko…Mu mbwirwaruhame yise “Naraye ndose” yemezaga ko yizeye ko umunsi umwe abana b’abahoze ari abacakara bashobora kuzicarana ku meza amwe n’abana b’abahoze ari bakizigenza b’ubucakara; aho abantu bazaba batakireberwa kw’ibara ry’uruhu ahubwo bita ku ndangagaciro ziranga buri wese; aho ukwishyira ukizana (freedom) bizaganza kudusozi (ubwo mbese twunve nyumbakumi zo mu Rwanda), mu mijyi ndetse n’igihugu cyose. Amateka koko ntatinda kwihishura, ubwo ugishidikanya yabaza Barack Obama abo bicaranye muri “Maison Blanche”!
Ibyabaye kera muri Amerika (USA) ni agahomamunwa! Abasogokuruza bacu barakubiswe, bajugunwa mu nyanja, bazirikwa amakamba ngo badacika uburetwa, mbese bicwa urubozo. None se niba ibyo byose n’ibirenzeho barashoboye kubyigobotora, kuki i Rwanda mwakwiheba? Erega ngo “kugera kure siko gupfa!” None semuri iyo myaka y’1960 , ninde wari kwemeza ko abana b’abacakara usibye no kuyobora Amerika, bari kuzapfa bemerewe no gutora? Na Maritini ubwe yabyitaga inzozi. Dore icyo dusabwa rero: buri munyarwanda wese wibaza aha yakwisubiza. Niba iturufu y’uruhu yaracitse, iy’ubwoko butanagaragara mwayirisha kangahe? Nimureke kurindagizwa na politiki y’inda nini y’Agatsiko ahubwo mukabwire muti twakangutse. Erega ukuri ngo “kuryana mu jisho ariko ni ukuri” kandi ngo « guca muziko ntigushye” ! Dukeneye ukuri aho guhozwaho ibinyoma, dukeneye ukwishyira ukizana aho kugirwa imbohe, dukeneye kandi uruvugiro aho kugirwa ibiragi. None se ubu uwakubaza inzozi ufitiye Urwakubyaye n’icyo ukora ngo zisohozwe wasubiza iki?
5. Nelson Mandela: (Inzira yo kwibohora)
Uyu mukambwe ugihumeka umwuka w’abazima, yayoboye igihugu cya Afrika y’Epfo nyuma yo gufungwa imyaka irenga 20 azira akamama. None se n’ibi kandi nta somo bidusigira ra? Ubwo byabaye muri Afurika nagira ngo twabyumva vuba . Ntaganda Bernard se arazira iki? Mushayidi arazira iki? Naho Ingabire Victoire we baramuziza iki?
Uyu mukambwe Mandela niwe wigeze kuvuga ngo “iminyururu iri kuri umwe mu bantu banjye iba iri ku bantu bajye bose, kandi iminyururu iri ku bantu banjye bose ubwo jye iba indiho”. None se niba abantu bazira ubusa turebera ubwo murunva ari ubuhoro ? None se ntubona ko ejo nawe ubwawe uzaba ugezweho? Ejobundi nanjye nkagwa mu matsa? None se ninde uzatuvugira niba nta n’uwo kubara inkuru uzaba akiriho ? Ngaho aho ihurizo riri, umunyarwanda wese akwiye kubona ko atagize uruhare muri uru rugamba rudashobora kurangira , bityo abana b’u Rwanda tukazahora turagana ibibi nk’abamennye urusyo ! Iyo gatebegatoki ikwiye kurangira burundu : Igihe kirageze.
Nyamara ariko Mandela we yemeza ko n’iyo Umulideri ari muri gereza imigambi ye myiza ikomeza. Aragira ati : «…ni muri iyo myaka rero y’akamama ndi muri gereza inyota yo kubohora abantu bange noneho yabaye inyota yo kubohora abantu bose, abazungu n’abirabura ». None se wari uzi ko Mandela yemeza ko « uboha akeneye kubohorwa rwose nk’uko uboshye abikeneye » ? Avuga ko umuntu wiha gutwara uburenganzira bw’undi muntu ari infungwa imwe mbi ; ifungiye rwose muri kasho y’ubugome, urwango, kurenganya n’ubwengebucye.
Umwanzuro
Mu kwanzura mboneyeho kwifuriza Abanyarwanda bose kutiheba kuko burya ntakidashoboka munsi y’ijuru kandi « kugera kure siko gupfa ». Nk’uko mubyiboneye rero nta bibazo bitagira ibisubizo kandi ngo amaherezo y’inzira ni mu nzu. Ariko se wagera kuki wiyicariye ukarebera akarengane (passivité) ? Wagera kuki se uhisemo inzira yo gukemura ibibazo ukoresheje urugomo na kiboko (violence) ? Umuntu asarura icyo yabibye rwose: Nubiba inzangano n’amacakubiri uzasarura amakimbirane, intambara z’urudaca na jenoside rugeretse. Nyamara n’ubiba ubumwe n’urukundo uzasarura ituze, amahoro n’umutekano. Aba badacogora rero tutarondora ngo tubarangize bose urugero baduhaye dukwiye kurugira urwacu .
Iyi niyo mpamvu rero Ishyaka Ishema ry’u Rwanda ryiyemeje gufasha Abanyarwanda gukemura ibibazo by’ubutegetsi bw’igitugu bashyize imbere inzira y’amahoro. Ishyaka Ishema ryiyemeje kwerekana ibibazo uko biri no kubiganiraho n’abanyarwanda bose babyifuza. Ishema ryiyemeje kandi gushakira ibisubizo aho biri binyuze mu nzira y’amahoro n’ibiganiro. Nyamara ariko inzira ni ndende kuko dukeneye kubohora abanyarwanda bose ndetse n’Agatsiko kababoshye. Ibi birunvikana neza kuko iyo wiyemeje inzira y’amahoro uwo mutavuga rumwe nawe ntaba akiri umwanzi wo kwicwa byanze bikunze ahubwo uharanira kumuha amahirwe yo kugaruka mu nzira iboneye, akava mu macakubiri, mu nzangano, ukwikunda n’ubwenge buke nk’uko inararibonye Mandela abivuga.
Komiseri ushinzwe Afurika mu
Ishyaka Ishema
HYPERLINK « http://www.yahoo.fr » t « _blank » REAL FIGHTER (vendredi, 08 mars 2013 06:11)
GUKOSORA: muri comment 53 nasubizaga abanditse comments ya 51 na 52 ntabwo nasubizaga comment 50 kuko iyo ni jyewe wayanditse. Izo mburagasani z’interahamwe rero zihaye kuvuga ngo ndabeshya kandi ntizerekane uburyo mbeshya, zirakarya ibamba ridakamuye maze mu gitondo rizazirye mu nda, zirakagwa ishyanga inyuma y’ishyamba, zirakamira ibishokoro ziragapuuuuu.


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Ikirango: NANBEI
Icyitegererezo : NFS-2.2
Ikwirakwiza ryihuta rikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gusiga irangi, Gupfuka, Gucapa-wino, Resin, Ibiryo, Pigment, Glue, Adhesive, Irangi, Amavuta yo kwisiga, nibindi.
kuzamura hydraulic
2.Ibikoresho: ibyuma bitagira umwanda
3.Ibikoresho byose bifatanyiriza hamwe moteri iturika
4.Umuvuduko wihuta ushobora guhinduka
5.Imashanyarazi na plug birashobora guhinduka nka voltage yaho, ibi ni kubuntu.
Umuvuduko: 110V / 60HZ 220V / 60HZ 220V / 50HZ 380V / 50HZ
Gucomeka: EU, UK, Amerika, Ubutaliyani, Ubusuwisi, Afrika yepfo.
Nibyiza ko ushobora kutubwira voltage yaho hanyuma ukohereza amashusho ya plug.
6.Niba udashobora guhitamo guhitamo icyitegererezo, nyamuneka hamagara Angelina.
Azagaragaza icyitegererezo gikwiranye nawe ukurikije ibikoresho n'ubushobozi.


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Ibyari ubukwe babigize aho baterurira ibyuma, muri Videwo yaciye igikuba reba uburyo abageni bahisemo guterura ibyuma biremereye imbere yabari bitabiriye ubukwe.
Amashusho yabageni yakwirakwijwe kuri Twitter yanditseho ngo: “Iyo mwembi mwahuriye muri Gym.”
Muri iyo videwo, abashyingiranywe bitwa Luis na Angie bari bambaye imyenda y’ubukwe bwabo ubwo bateruraga ibyuma biremereye mu bukwe bwabo.
Mu gihe bamwe mu bakoresha imbuga nkoranyambaga batekerezaga ko amashusho ari meza, abandi ntibashimishijwe bakavuga ko ibirori by’ubukwe atari ahantu ho kwerekanira ingufu.
Reba Videwo hasi….


text:
by www.igihe.news
Umusore umwe arabaza ati: “ubusanzwe mfite imyaka 21 ndi imanzi. Ikibazo nibaza giteye gutya: "Ese igitsina cy’umusore cg umugabo gishobora gukura hagendewe kuki? Ese hari ibintu runaka byatuma gikura? Ese ubundi kigira imyaka kirangirizaho gukura? Ese ko hari igihe usanga hari n’umuntu uruta mu myaka ariko ugasanga nta n’amahuriro byaba biterwa n’iki? Kandi ikindi abo bantu bakunze kuba basambana. Nkibaza ese imibonano mpuzabitsina ishobora gutuma igitsina gikura? Ese ikindi nakwibariza, kudakora imibonano kugeza ushatse byaba bigira ingaruka dore ko benshi babivuga?”
IGISUBIZO:
Ubusanzwe igitsina cy’umuhungu ni urugingo rw’umubiri rukura nk’uko izindi zikura. Iyo umuntu akura, ibiganza birakura, ibirenge bigakura, ukaba muremure, n’ibindi.
Gukura kw’igitsina cy’umuhungu bibaho vuba vuba mu gihe cy’ubugimbi (ku bahungu, ubugimbi butangira hagati y’imyaka 10 na 14). Umusore uvuye mu bugimbi igitsina ke kiba cyarangije gukura ku rugero rusabwa, kuko hari umuhungu ushobora kugera ku myaka 13 igitsina ke cyararangije gukura, undi kikaba cyarangiza gukura ahagana ku myaka18.
Abasore bose rero ntibagira igitsina kingana, kandi n’igihe gitangira gukurira vuba vuba mu bugimbi ntibibera rimwe. Ni kimwe n’uko umukobwa umwe ashobora gutangira kumera amabere mbere undi akazayamera nyuma.
Ibi akaba ari yo mpamvu ushobora kubona umusore umwe ufite igitsina kinini kurusha undi kandi bangana cg amuruta. Hari n’uwo cyatangira gukura mbere, nyamara undi byazatangira akamucaho.
Naho icyo wakora ngo gikure byo, ubusanzwe nta bintu byihariye byakuza igitsina. Kereka kujya mu ma tekiniki y’imico imwe n’imwe, na yo usanga akuza cyane igihu kiyitwikiriye kurusha kuyikuza nyir’izina.
Ibindi mu rwego rwa kizungu bibaho ni ugukora “surgery”, ariko abayikorewe abenshi bavuga ko icyo bifuzaga atari cyo babona, kuko ngo iba ishobora kwiyongeraho santimetero nkeya, nk’ebyiri, ariko ikaba yatakaza gukomera kwayo kandi ahanini ari byo bigira akamaro mu gutera akabariro.
Ikindi ni ugukoresha “P3NJS pump” biba bisa no kuyikurura, ariko bakakubwira ngo wirinde kuyikoresha buri munsi itagutera ibibazo.
Nureba ibyo bakubwira kurya kugira ngo igitsina cyawe kiyongere, uzasanga ari bya bindi bisanzwe utegetswe kurya kugira ngo ugire ubuzima bwiza:
- Amagi,
- watermelon,
- tungurusumu,
- tuna,
- salmon (ifi),
- imineke n’ibindi.
Ikindi kandi bazakubwira gukora cg kureka ibindi na byo biganisha ku kugira ubuzima bwiza. Urugero:
- kureka kunywa itabi,
- gukora siporo,
- kutarya ibiryo bifite calories nyinshi,
- kurya imboga n’imbuto,
- kutitera stress n’ibindi.
Uko urya neza, ugakurana ubuzima bwiza, ni ko igitsina cyawe na cyo gikura ku rwego kizashobora gukuraho, kuko buri muntu atandukanye n’undi ntabwo abasore bose bagira ibitsina bingana.
Gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina ntabwo bikuza igitsina, kandi kutayikora kugeza igihe cyo kurushinga nta kibazo bitera.
Related Posts by Categories


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Ikirango: NANBEI
Icyitegererezo : S430
–Ku isesengura ryihuse ridasenya amavuta, inzoga, ibinyobwa nandi mazi ya S430 NIR spectropotometometero ni spekitifotometero hamwe na monochromator.Iki gikoresho gikoreshwa muburyo bwihuse kandi budasenya ibintu byamazi nkamavuta, inzoga, nibinyobwa.Uburebure bwumurongo ni 900nm-2500nm.Inzira iroroshye cyane.Uzuza cuvette hamwe nicyitegererezo hanyuma ubishyire kumurongo wikitegererezo.Kanda muri software kugirango ubone hafi-infrarafarike ya data ya sample muminota umwe.Huza amakuru hamwe nicyitegererezo cya NIR kugirango ubone ibice bitandukanye byicyitegererezo cyageragejwe icyarimwe.


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Murakaza neza kurubuga rwacu: https://jfttectent.com/
Ukoresheje amakuru yakusanyirijwe kurubuga rwa BestReviews, wemera kugengwa naya mabwiriza akurikira, harimo na Politiki Yibanga yacu.Niba udashaka kugengwa n'amabwiriza yacu cyangwa Politiki Yibanga yawe gusa amahitamo yawe ni ugukoresha amakuru ya jfttectent.com.
Kwiyandikisha kuri konti
Kwiyandikisha kuri konte ya jfttectent.com, ugomba kuduha amakuru yawe bwite, harimo izina ryawe, aderesi imeri, nijambobanga.Nibisabwa kugirango ukoreshe Urubuga ko amakuru yose utanga kurubuga arukuri, agezweho kandi yuzuye.Izina ryumukoresha wawe nijambobanga nibyakoreshejwe wenyine.Kugirango umenye neza ko izina ryumukoresha wawe nijambobanga bikomeza kuba ibanga, NTUGASANZE aya makuru numuntu uwo ariwe wese.Ushinzwe kubika ibanga ryamakuru ya konte yawe no kubuza kwinjira kuri mudasobwa yawe cyangwa igikoresho cya mobile, kandi wemera kwakira inshingano kubikorwa byose bibaho kuri konte yawe.Wibuke guhitamo ijambo ryibanga rikomeye, harimo imibare, inyuguti nkuru, inyuguti zidasanzwe, nibindi, kandi ntibisanzwe mubisobanuro.Mugihe mugihe ijambo ryibanga ryatakaye cyangwa ryibwe ninshingano zawe kumenyesha jfttectent.com kuri aderesi yanditse mugice cya "Twandikire".
jfttectent.com irashobora, mubushake bwayo, igihe icyo aricyo cyose, kubwimpamvu iyo ari yo yose, guhagarika, guhagarika, cyangwa guhagarika konte yawe.
Kuzamurwa mu ntera
Ibitekerezo byamamaza, Amasezerano, Kode ya Promo, Rebates, Impano, Combo idasanzwe, Bundle idasanzwe, Kugabanuka, nibindi (hamwe, "kuzamurwa mu ntera") birashobora guhinduka nta nteguza. Kugira ngo umenye ibijyanye na promotion, nyamuneka kanda hano kuri Politiki yo Kwamamaza.Politiki yo kuzamurwa yinjijwe muri aya Mategeko yose uko yakabaye.
Ukoresheje ibirimo jfttectent.com
Twebwe cyangwa abatanga ibikubiyemo dutunze ibintu byose kurubuga rwacu hamwe na porogaramu zigendanwa (twese hamwe "Serivisi").Amakuru yatanzwe na jfttectent.com arinzwe na Amerika hamwe nuburenganzira mpuzamahanga nandi mategeko.Mubyongeyeho, uburyo twakusanyije, butondekanya kandi duteranya ibyo dukora burinzwe namategeko yuburenganzira bwisi yose hamwe namasezerano.
Urashobora gukoresha ibikubiye muri Serivisi zacu gusa kugiti cyawe bwite, kudacuruza no kugurisha amakuru.Kwandukura, gutangaza, gutangaza, guhindura, gukwirakwiza cyangwa kohereza muburyo ubwo aribwo bwose utabanje kubiherwa uruhushya rwanditse na jfttectent.com birabujijwe rwose.jfttectent.com ibika umutwe nuburenganzira bwuzuye bwumutungo wubwenge kubikoresho byakuweho cyangwa byakiriwe muri izi Serivisi.Turaguha uburenganzira bwo gukuramo, gucapa no kubika ibice byatoranijwe (nkuko byasobanuwe hano).Ariko, kopi zigomba kuba iz'umuntu ku giti cye kandi zidakoreshwa mu bucuruzi, ntushobora gukoporora cyangwa kohereza ibiri kuri mudasobwa iyo ari yo yose cyangwa kuyitangaza mu bitangazamakuru ibyo ari byo byose, kandi ntushobora guhindura cyangwa guhindura ibirimo mu buryo ubwo ari bwo bwose.Ntushobora kandi gusiba cyangwa guhindura uburenganzira ubwo aribwo bwose cyangwa amatangazo yerekana ikirango.
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Umutungo wubwenge
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Aya Mategeko akwemerera gukoresha Urubuga kugiti cyawe, kudacuruza gusa.
Izina rya jfttectent.com, ibirango, amazina ya serivisi, ibishushanyo, hamwe na slogan ni ibimenyetso bya jfttectent.com.Ntugomba gukoresha ibimenyetso nkibi utabanje kubiherwa uruhushya rwanditse rwa jfttectent.com.Andi mazina yose, ibirango, ibicuruzwa na serivise ya serivise, ibishushanyo na slogan bigaragara kurubuga ni umutungo wa ba nyirabyo, bashobora cyangwa badashobora gufatanya, guhuza, cyangwa guterwa inkunga na jfttectent.com.
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URUHARE RW’ABATURAGE MU MUTEKANO WO MU MUHANDA
Kubumbatira umutekano wo mu muhanda bijyana no kugira ingamba ndetse n’uburyo bwo kurinda abawukoresha kugira ngo batawugiriramo impanuka, zaba izoroheje cyangwa izikomeye zishobora gutwara ubuzima bw’abaturage. Ibi kandi bireba buri muntu wese, yaba umunyamaguru, utwara igare, moto, imodoka ndetse n’abagenzi bifashisha ibyo binyabiziga bashaka kugera iyo bajya
Imihanda twayigereranya n’imiyoboro y’amaraso mu mubiri w’umuntu , imihanda niyo miyoboro ituma ubuzima bw’igihugu bukomeza kumera neza. Iyo imiyoboro y’amaraso idakora neza bigira ingaruka ku mutima bigateza ibibazo, umuntu akaba yakwitaba Imana. Ni kimwe rero no ku gihugu, imihanda itarimo umutekano bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku gihugu muri rusange. Umutekano wo mu muhanda ni ingenzi cyane ku buzima bw’igihugu nk’uko imiyoboro y’amaraso ari ingenzi mu buzima bwa muntu.
Imihanda ni igikoresho cy’ibanze gihuza abantu, niyo mpamvu leta ihora iyubaka kandi umutekano muri iyo mihanda ni inshingano z’igihugu, ibyo byose igihugu kikabikora ku neza y’abaturage bacyo. Igihugu gishobora kuzuza izo nshingano kifashishije bamwe mu bafatanyabikorwa bacyo nk’amasosiyete y’ubwubatsi, ibigo by’ubwikorezi ndetse n’ishami rya Polisi rishinzwe umutekano wo mu muhanda.
Ariko n’ubwo bimeze bityo, ntibikuraho ko n’umuturage afite inshingano ku mutekano wo mu muhanda , muri macye uruhare rw’umuturage ku mutekano wo mu muhanda ni ingenzi . Abaturage nibo ahazaza ku gihugu icyo aricyo cyose, umutekano wo mu muhanda nawo uri mu nshingano zabo. Abaturage nibo shingiro ry’ahazaza ku gihugu cyabo, ibitekerezo byabo bigatanga icyerekezo cy’igihugu.
Nk’abaturage kandi bakaba icyizere cy’ejo hazaza bafite inshingano zo gufasha igihugu guharanira ko bazagira ahazaza heza kandi biba biri mu nyungu zabo, umutekano wo mu muhanda rero ni imwe muri izo nshingano zitandukanye abaturage bafite ziganisha ku kubaka igihugu cyabo cy’ejo hazaza.
Abakoresha umuhanda bagomba kumenya akamaro k’amategeko n’amabwiriza bigenga imikoreshereze y’umuhanda kandi bakabyubahiriza, mu gihe barimo gukoresha umuhanda bakubahana, buri muntu akamenya uburenganzira bwa mugenzi we . Abashoferi b’imodoka na za Moto bakunze kugira uguteshukwa ku mategeko n’amabwiriza bigenga imikoreshereze y’umuhanda , aho usanga bamwe batubahiriza amwe mu matara yo ku mihanda agenga ibinyabiziga(traffic lights), kunyura ku kindi kinyabiziga kikuri imbere n’ahatemewe, kutubaha abanyamaguru , umuvuduko ukabije, gutwara ibinyabiziga banyoye ibisindisha bikabije ndetse bamwe bakagenda barangariye kuri telefoni n’andi makosa menshi atandukanye.
Ingaruka z’iyo myitwarire itaboneye ni ugukora impanuka zigahitana ubuzima bw’abantu cyangwa bamwe bakahakura ubumuga bukabije. Nyamara uburyo bw’ingendo zo k’ubutaka ni kimwe mu biranga iterambere ry’igihugu, hatari uburyo bwo gutwara abantu n’ibintu ntabwo igihugu cyashobora kugera ku iterambere. Ibihugu byinshi ku isi byagiye bitera imbere biturutse ku kugira uburyo bwo gutwara abantu n’ibintu kandi bigakorwa mu buryo bugezweho by’umwihariko hakoreshejwe amamodoka.
Hagiye hashyirwaho amategeko ndetse hashyirwaho n’abagomba gukurikirana ko yubahirizwa, gusa ariko usanga bidahagije. Abagenerwabikorwa aribo abaturage, nibo bagomba kubahiriza ayo mategeko yashyizweho mu rwego rwo kwirinda impanuka akenshi usanga zituruka ku burangare cyangwa se hakaba n’abayica ku bushake.
Uruhare rw’abaturage rero ni ugusoma ayo mategeko hanyuma bakayubahiriza, bakamenya ko imodoka batwara, za moto ndetse n’amagare bishobora kubica igihe icyo aricyo cyose . Bagasabwa kumenya ko umutekano ariwo uza mbere, bakazirikana ko bagomba kujya babitwara mu rugero.
gasabo.net


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Abayahudi ni bamwe mu bantu ba kera cyane ku isi. Amateka yabo yanditswe muri Bibiliya, n’abanditsi b’amateka bo hanze ya Bibiliya, no mu bucukumbuzi. Dufite ibimenyetso byinshi bijyanye n’amateka yabo kuruta ay’ibindi bihugu byose. Turaza gukoresha aya makuru kugirango tuvuge muri make amateka yabo. Kugirango amateka ya Isiraheli ( ijambo ryo mu Isezerano rya Kera ku bayahudi ) abashe koroha gusonanuka, turakoresha ingengabihe.
Aburahamu: Itangiriro ry’igisekuru cy’umuryango w’abayahudi
Ingengabihe itangirana na Aburahamu. Yahawe isezerano ryo kuzaba inkomoko y’amahanga bivuye kuri we kandi yagiye ahura n’Imana birangira igihe yatanze igitambo cy’umuhungu we Isaka. Iki gitambo cyari ikimenyetso cyerekana Yesu mu kwerekana ahazaza ko Yesu yari kuzatangwaho igitambo. Ingengabihe irakomeza ahari icyatsi ku ikarita mugihe abakomoka kuri Isaka bari abacakara muri Egiputa. Iki gihe cyatangiye igihe Yosefu, umwuzukuru wa Isaka, yayoboraga Abisiraheli mu Misiri, nyuma baza kuba abacakara.
Mose: Abisiraheli bahinduka Igihugu munsi y’Imana
Mose yavanye Abisiraheli mu Misiri mugihe cy’ Icyorezo cya Pasika, cyashenye Misiri kandi cyatumye Abisiraheli bava mu Misiri bajya mu gihugu cya Isiraheli. Mbere yuko apfa, Mose yatangaje imigisha n’umivumo kuri Isiraheli (igihe ingengabihe iva ku cyatsi ikagera ku muhondo). Bari kuzahirwa igihe bari kumvira Imana, ariko bagahura n’imivumo igihe batabikoze. Uyi migisha n’umivumo yagombaga gukurikira abayahudi ubuziraherezo.
Mu myaka magana Abisiraheli babaga mu gihugu cyabo ariko ntibari bafite Umwami, nta nubwo bari bafite umurwa mukuru wa Yeruzalemu – wari uw’abandi bantu muri icyo gihe. Ariko, ku gihe cy’Umwami Dawidi ahagana mu 1000 mbere ya Yesu ibi byarahindutse.
Dawidi ashyiraho Ingoma ya cyami i Yeruzalemu
Dawidi yigaruriye Yeruzalemu ayigira umurwa mukuru we. Yakiriye amasezerano ya Kristo ‘wari kuzaza kandi kuva icyo gihe ku Bayahudi bategereje ko ‘Kristo’ azaza. Umuhungu we Salomo yaramusimbuye maze Salomo yubaka urusengero rwa mbere rw’Abayahudi i Yeruzalemu. Abakomoka ku Mwami Dawidi bakomeje gutegeka imyaka igera kuri 400 kandi iki gihe cyerekanwe mu ubururu ( 1000 – 600 mbere ya Yesu ). Iki cyari igihe cy’icyubahiro cya Isiraheli – bari bafite umigisha basezeranijwe. Bari igihugu gikomeye, gifite sosiyete yateye imbere, umuco, n’urusengero rwabo. Ariko Isezerano rya Kera risobanura kandi ko gucumura kwabo kwagendaga kwiyongera no gusenga ibigirwamana muri icyo gihe. Abahanuzi benshi muri icyo gihe baburiye Abisiraheli ko umuvumo wa Mose wari kuza kuri bo niba badahindutse. Ariko ubu buhanuzi bwarirengagijwe.
Ubuhungiro bwa mbere bw’Abayahudi i Babiloni
Mu maherezo ahagana mu mwaka wa 600 mbere ya Yesu umuvumo warabaye. Nebukadinezari, Umwami ukomeye wa Babiloni yaraje – nkuko Mose yari yarahanuye imyaka 900 mbere yuko yandika mu muvumo we:
Uwiteka azakuzanira igihugu kiva kure … igihugu gikaze – gifite igitinyiro kandi kitubaha abakera cyangwa ngo kigire impuhwe ku bakiri bato. … Bazagota imijyi yose mu gihugu cyose.Gutegeka kwa kabiri 28: 49 – 52
Nebukadinezari yigaruriye Yeruzalemu, arayitwika, asenya urusengero Salomo yubatse. Nyuma yaje kujyana Abisiraheli mu bunyago i Babiloni. Gusa Abisiraheli bakennye nibo bagumye inyuma. Ibi byasohoje ibyahanuwe na MoseGutegeka kwa kabiri 28: 63b – 64a
Mu myaka 70 rero, igihe cyerekanwe gitukura, Abisiraheli bari mu bunyago hanze y’ubutaka basezeranijwe Aburahamu n’abamukomokaho.
Kuva mu buhungiro ku ngoma y’Abaperesi
Nyuma yibyo, Umwami w’abami w’Abaperesi Silasi yigaruriye Babiloni maze aba umuntu ukomeye ku isi. Yemereye Abisiraheli gusubira mu gihugu cyabo.
Kuba mu Gihugu kimwe cy’Ingoma y’Ubuperesi
Icyakora, ntibari bakiri igihugu cyigenga, muri icyo gihe bari intara mu Bwami bw’Ubuperesi. Ibi byakomeje imyaka 200 kandi biri mu ibara ryijimye mungenga bihe. Muri kiriya gihe urusengero rw’Abayahudi ( ruzwi ku izina rya Temple ya kabiri ) n’umujyi wa Yeruzalemu byongeye kubakwa.
Igihe cy’Abagereki
Hanyuma Alegizandere mukuru yigaruriye Ingoma y’Ubuperesi maze agira Isiraheli intara yo mu Bwami bw’Ubugereki indi myaka 200. Ibi byerekanwe mu bururu bwijimye.
Igihe cy’Abaroma
Hanyuma Abaroma batsinze Ingoma z’Ubugereki bahinduka ibihangange ku isi. Abisiraheli bongeye kuba intara muri ubu Bwami ibi byerekanwa mu muhondo werurutse. Iki nicyo gihe Yesu yabayeho. Ibi bisobanura impamvu mu mavanjiri hagaragaramo abasirikare b’Abaroma – kubera ko Abanyaroma bategekaga Abayahudi mu Gihugu cya Isiraheli mu gihe cy’ubuzima bwa Yesu.
Abayahudi bajya mu buhungiro bwa kabiri ku ngoma y’Abaroma
Kuva mu gihe cy’Abanyababuloni ( 600 mbere ya Yesu ) Abisiraheli ( cyangwa Abayahudi nk’uko bitwa ubu ) ntibigengaga kuko bari bari mu bwami bwa Dawidi. Bategekwaga n’abandi Bami. Abayahudi barabyijujutiye kandi bigometse ku butegetsi bw’Abaroma. Abanyaroma baraza basenya Yeruzalemu ( 70 nyuma ya Yesu ), batwika urusengero rwa 2, maze batwara Abayahudi mu bucakara mu bwami bw’Abaroma. Uku kwari gutwarwa mu bunyago kwa kabiri kw’Abayahudi. Kubera ko Roma yari nini cyane Abayahudi batatanye ku isi yose.
Kandi ubwo nibwo buryo Abayahudi babayeho hafi imyaka 2000: batatanye mubihugu by’amahanga kandi ntibigeze bemerwa muri ibi bihugu. Muri ibi bihugu bitandukanye bahoraga batotezwa cyane. Uku gutoteza Abayahudi byari byiganje cyane mu burayi bwa gikristo. Kuva muri Esipanye, mu Burayi bw’Uburengerazuba, mu Burusiya Abayahudi babayeho kenshi mu bihe bibi muri ubwo bwami bwa gikristo. Umuvumo wa Mose wagarutse mu 1500 mbere ya Yesu wari ibisobanuro nyabyo by’ukuntu babayeho.
65Kandi muri ayo mahanga nta mahoro uzabona, ntuzabona aho uruhurira ibirenge byawe. Ariko Uwiteka azaguherayo umutima uhinda umushyitsi, n’amaso aremba n’umutima wonze.Gutegeka 28: 65
Imivumo ku bisiraheli bayitejwe kugirango abantu bibaze:Gutegeka kwa kabiri 29:24
Kandi igisubizo cyari:
28Ibihishwe ni iby’Uwiteka Imana yacu, ariko ibyahishuwe ni ibyacu n’urubyaro rwacu iteka, kugira ngo twumvire amagambo yose y’aya mategekoGutegeka 29:28
Igihe gikurikira cyerekana iki gihe cyimyaka 1900. Iki gihe cyerekanwe mumurongo muremure utukura.
Ushobora kubona ko mu mateka y’abayahudi banyuze mubihe bibiri by’ubuhungiro ariko ubuhungiro bwa kabiri bwari burebure kuruta ubuhunzi bwa mbere.
Itsembabwoko ryo mu kinyejana cya 20
Noneho itotezwa ryibasiye Abayahudi byageze ku rwego rwo hejuru ku gihe cya Hitler, abinyujije mu Budage bw’Abanazi, yagerageje gutsemba Abayahudi bose baba mu Burayi. Yari hafi gutsinda ariko yaje gutsindwa kandi abasigaye mu Bayahudi bararokoka.
Ukuvuka gushya kwa Isiraheli ya none
Gusa kuba hari abantu bigaragaje ko ari ‘Abayahudi’ nyuma y’imyaka myinshi amagana badafite igihugu kidasanzwe. Ariko ibi byatumye amagambo ya nyuma ya Mose, yanditswe hashize imyaka 3500, aba impamo. Mu 1948, Abayahudi, binyuze mu Muryango w’abibumbye, babonye kuvuka gushya kudasanzwe kwa leta ya Isiraheli ya none, nkuko Mose yari yaranditse ibinyejana byinshi mbere:
3Uwiteka Imana yawe izagarura abawe bajyanywe ari imbohe, ikubabarire, isubire guteranya abawe ibakuye mu mahanga yose Uwiteka Imana yawe izaba yarabatatanirijemo. 4Niba abirukanywe bawe bazaba ku mpera y’isi, ni ho Uwiteka Imana yanyu izabakura ngo ibateranye, ni ho izabatarura.Gutegeka kwa kabiri30: 3 – 4
Byari bitangaje kandi kuva iyi leta yubatswe nubwo hari abatayemeraga. Byinshi mu bihugu biyikikije byateguye intambara yo kurwanya Isiraheli mu 1948 … mu 1956 … mu 1967 na mu 1973. Isiraheli, igihugu gito cyane, akenshi cyarwanaga n’ibihugu bitanu icyarimwe. Nyamara ntabwo Isiraheli yarokotse gusa, ahubwo uturere twayo twariyongereye. Mu ntambara yo mu 1967, Abayahudi bongeye kwigarurira Yeruzalemu, umurwa mukuru wabo w’amateka Dawidi yari yarashinze mu myaka 3000 ishize. Ingaruka zo gushyiraho leta ya Isiraheli, n’ingaruka zatewe n’izi ntambara byateje kimwe mu bibazo bya politiki bitoroshye ku isi yacu muri iki gihe.


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Igisobanuro cy’Umuganura mu mateka n’umuco by’u Rwanda: Twaganiriye n’inararibonye (Video)
Buri wa Gatanu w’icyumweru cya mbere cy’ukwezi kwa munani, u Rwanda rwizihiza umunsi mukuru w’Umuganura. Umuganura, ni umunsi w’ubusabane aho imiryango ihura igasangira, bishimira ibyiza byagezweho ari nako hafatwa ingamba zo kuzagera kuri byinshi umwaka ukurikiyeho.
Uyu mwaka, umunsi mukuru w’Umuganura urizihizwa mu buryo budasanzwe bitewe n’ibihe bidasanzwe u Rwanda rurimo byo kwirinda icyorezo cya COVID-19.
Byinshi ku mateka y’umuganura, bikurikire muri iyi Video yateguwe na Richard Kwizera.
MENYA UMWANDITSI
Abanyamakuru ba Kigali Today
@ kigalitoday
Ibitekerezo ( 3 )
Ubundi cyera wasangaga abantu bejeje imyaka maze bagatumirana bakishima ubwo ngo bakaba baraganuye
Natwe dukunda gusabana munywe murye Kandi dufatane urunana mw,iterambere twese
Nibyiza cyane. natwe tukiri bato muba mudusangije kumateka tugasobanukirwa.


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Musanze: Batangije igihembwe cy’ihinga ry’ubwatsi bw’amatungo
Mu Karere ka Musanze hatangijwe igihembwe cy’ihinga ry’ubwatsi bw’amatungo, icyo gikorwa kibera mu mudugudu w’icyitegererezo wa Kinigi utuyemo imiryango 144, kikaba cyarabaye ku wa kane tariki 14 Ukwakira 2021.
Ni mu rwego rwo gukemura bimwe mu bibazo abatuye umudugudu w’icyitegererezo wa Kinigi, bagaragarije Ubuyobozi bw’Intara y’Amajyaruguru, mu ruzinduko ubwo buyobozi burangajwe imbere na Guverineri Nyirarugero Dancille, buherutse kugirira muri uwo mudugudu, aho bavuze ko ikibazo cy’ubwatsi bw’amatungo kiri mu bibabangamiye.
Akarere ka Musanze ku bufatanye n’Ikigo cy’Igihugu Gishinzwe Ubuhinzi n’Ubworozi (RAB), binyuze mu mushinga Ugamije Guteza Imbere Ubworozi bw’Inka z’Umukamo (RDDP), gatangije igihembwe cy’ihinga ry’ubwatsi, mu rwego rwo kunganira abo baturage, ahatewe imbuto y’ubwatsi y’urubingo yo mu bwoko bwa ‘Kakamega’ ku buso busaga ari 40.
Ayinkamiye Marie, umwe mu bajyanama b’aborozi muri uwo mudugudu, agira ati “Tubonye ubwatsi, amatungo yacu agiye kurushaho kuba meza, twayahaga ubwo dukuye mu byaro aho twari dutuye budahagije. Kuba tubonye umurima wegereye ibiraro, umusaruro w’amata ugiye kwiyongera, turashimira Leta yaduhaye aho kuba ikaba iduhaye n’urwuri rw’amatungo”.
Kwitonda Jean Marie Vianney, ati “Hari ubwo byagaragaraga ko dufashe inka nabi, ariko bigaterwa no kutagira ubwatsi, Leta yaduhaye abantu abaduhugura, ubu bwatsi duteye hano burakemura ibibazo twari dufite, umukamo w’amata n’ifumbire biriyongera”.
Muhawenimana Laurence ati “Twajyaga tuvunika tujya kwahira mu byaro, ugasanga inka ntizihaga uko bikwiye, ariko ubu turaruhutse tugiye kubona ubwatsi hafi yacu. Inka zacu zigiye gukura neza zitange umukamo utubutse, ubukungu bwacu bwiyongere”.
Umuyobozi wa RAB Sitasiyo ya Musanze, Dushimimana Jean de Dieu, yavuze ko gutera ubwatsi bw’amatungo ari gahunda yatangijwe uyu munsi ariko ikazakomeza mu karere kose, mu rwego rwo gufasha abaturage korora kijyambere hongerwa umukamo.
Avuga ko hagiye gushyirwaho imirima y’icyitegererezo y’ubwatsi, kuva mu midugudu kugeza mu mirenge, kugira ngo umworozi wese uzajya ashaka ubwatsi bwiza abubone mu buryo bumworoheye, ibyo bikaba bitarenze mu mpera z’uyu mwaka wa 2021.
Yasabye abaturage kwita ku bwatsi burimo guterwa kugira ngo bukomeze bukure neza butange umusaruro.
Ati “Turakomeza tugeze imbuto y’ubwatsi ku borozi bakomeze babuhinge, bo icyo tubasaba gikomeye ni ukwita k’ubwatewe, nk’uko bita ku bihingwa bisanzwe, babubagarire bashyiremo ifumbire bukure neza”.
Umudugudu w’icyitegererezo wa Kinigi utuwemo n’imiryango 144, ni gahunda ya Leta yo gutuza abaturage neza kandi heza, aho wororewemo amatungo anyuranye arimo inka, inkoko n’andi matungo, aho yubakiwe ibiraro bigezweho, akaba yitezweho gufasha abatuye uwo mudugudu kugira imirire myiza.
MENYA UMWANDITSI
Umunyamakuru wa Kigali Today/KT Radio
@ mutuyiserv


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Vumillia Mfitimana; Impano idasanzwe muri Adventiste
Umuhanzikazi ubarizwa mu itorero ry'Abadiventisti, Mfitimana Vumillia, nk'umuhanzikazi ukiri muto ukunzwe n'abatari bake ku isi, yatangaje ko azanye umusanzu ukomeye mu gukomeza abakomeretse imitima.
Abinyujije mu ndirimbo ze, Vumillia ashishikariza abantu kudaheranwa n'agahinda kandi bagakomera kuri Yesu kuko ari we womora abakomeretse imitima kandi akaba umugenga wa byose.
Mu kiganiro kirambuye yagiranye na the fact, Vumillia Mfitemana, umuhanzikazi mu itorero ry'Abadiventisti ukiri muto ukunzwe na benshi, yageregeje gusubiza ibibazo yabazwaga mu buryo bukurikira;
Tumubajije niba asanzwe ari umukiristo, aho asengera, n'icyo akora mu buzima busanzwe, Vumillia yasubije ko asanzwe ari umukiristo, asengera mu itorero ry'Abadiventisti b'umunsi wa Karindwi, ko ari umunyeshuri wa kaminuza mu busanzwe.
Nanone yabajijwe niba aririmba kugira ngo abikore nka business cyangwa ari ukugira ngo akorere Imana, mu magambo ye yavuze ko nta nyungu z'umurengera ashaka ariko bije ntiyabisubiza inyuma. " Kuririmba mbyiyumvamo nk'umuhamagaro wo kuba hari icyo nakora kikomora imitima ikomeretse! Ntabwo nimirije imbere kubibyaza inyungu y'amafaranga ngo mbihindure ubucuruzi, keretse igihe byaba byikoze mu buryo bumwe cyangwa ubundi ayo mafaranga akaza! kandi na bwo nayabonye yamfasha gukomeza gukorera Imana".
Abajijwe impamvu aririmba indirimbo zihimbaza Imana gusa, vumillia yasubije aya magambo; " Impamvu ndirimba indirimbo zihimbaza Imana ni uko arizo zimba ku mutima. Ikindi kandi ni uko niyumvamo inyota yo gukomeza abakomeretse imitima kandi izina nzi ryomora inguma zo mu mutima rikaba ari irya yesu, bigatuma numva nta kindi nabwira abantu".
Indirimbo wasohoye ni iyihe, ifite ubuhe butumwa, kandi urabona irusha iki izindi wari ufite? Yagize ati; " Indirimbo nshya nasohoye yitwa *Undutira byose!* Nayikoze nshaka gushishikariza abantu kwishingikiriza ku Mana kuruta uko bakwishingikiriza ku by'isi bishira. Hanyuma rero nta kidasanzwe irusha izindi uretse kuba yarantwaye igihe kinini nyitegura ikanatwara budget iruta iy'izindi, ndetse ikaza ari nziza ku rwego nifuzaga kuva kera".
Twamubajije icyo abakunzi be bamwitegaho nyuma y'iyi ndirimbo, adusubiza ko ashaka gukomeza kubaha umuziki ubanezeza bagakomeza kumushyigikira. "Abakunzi banjye bitege ibyiza byinshi harimo gukomeza kubaha indirimbo nshyashya, ndetse n'ibitaramo bitandukanye ndi kubategurira, nzabaha amakuru yabyo neza muminsi ya vuba.
Maze iminsi nitabira ibitaramo bitandukanye, ubu ndi kureba ukuntu nanjye nategura ibitaramo byanjye mu gihugu hose kuko mfite abakunzi batandukanye muri buri ntara,gusa ndateganya no kuzakorera ibitaramo ku yindi migabane Imana ibaye ikintije imbaraga zo kubitegura kuko nasanze na ho abantu bariyo bafite inyota y'indirimbo zihimbaza Imana .
Abakunzi banjye rero munsure ku mbuga nkoranyambaga zanjye indirimbo zanjye nizibaryohera muzisangize n'abandi benshi. Ndashimira kandi abagumya kumba hafi cyane cyane abantera inkunga y'ubushobozi,amasengesho ndetse n'ubundi bufasha butandukanye, Uwiteka abahire! Ndashimira kandi itangazamakuru ridahwema kunshyigikira, badahari sinzi ko nabasha kugeza ubutumwa bwanjye kuri mwese munkunda.
Vumillia yasoje abwira abamukurikira ko atazabatenguha mu murimo 'ivugabutumwa kandi asaba ko Imana ikomeza kubahana umugisha.
Umwanditsi: Baganizi Olivier


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Isomo rya 1: Nehemiya 8,1-4a.5-6.8-10
Mu mboneko z’ukwezi kwa karindwi, Abayisraheli bose baraza, baturutse mu migi batuyemo, maze imbaga yongera gukoranira ku kibuga cy’imbere y’Irembo ry’Amazi, bose bashyize hamwe. Nuko babwira Ezira, umwanditsi, ngo azane igitabo cy’Amategeko ya Musa, Uhoraho yari yarahaye Israheli. Ezira umuherezabitambo azana igitabo cy’Amategeko imbere y’ikoraniro ryose. Kuri uwo munsi wa mbere w’ukwezi kwa karindwi, hari hateraniye abagabo, abagore, mbese n’abandi bose baciye akenge. Nuko kuva mu museke kugeza ku manywa y’ihangu, Ezira asomera icyo gitabo aho ku karubanda imbere y’Irembo ry’Amazi, hateraniye abagabo, abagore, mbese n’abandi bose baciye akenge. Imbaga yose yari yitonze, bateze amatwi igitabo cy’Amategeko. Umwanditsi Ezira yari ahagaze ahantu hirengeye bari bamuteguriye bakoresheje ibiti. Ezira abumbura igitabo bose bamureba, kuko aho yari ahagaze yabasumbaga uko bangana, maze akimara kukibumbura, imbaga yose irahaguruka. Ezira abanza gushimira Uhoraho, Imana y’Igihangange, maze imbaga na yo ishyira amaboko ejuru, bose bakikiriza icyarimwe, bati «Amen! Amen!» Nuko barunama, bapfukamira Uhoraho, bubitse uruhanga ku butaka. Ibyo Ezira yamaraga gusoma mu gitabo cy’Amategeko y’Imana, yabihinduraga mu rurimi rwa bose kandi akabibasobanurira; maze bakabyumva. Nuko (Nehemiya, Umunyacyubahiro,) Ezira, umuherezabitambo n’umwanditsi, hamwe n’abalevi basobanuriraga rubanda, babwira imbaga bati «Uyu munsi weguriwe Uhoraho, Imana yanyu! Mwigira agahinda nk’aho mwapfushije, kandi mwirira!» Koko kandi, imbaga yari yamaze kumva ayo magambo, maze bose baraturika bararira. Ezira arongera arababwira ati «Nimugende murye inyama z’amatungo y’imishishe, munywe n’inzoga ziryohereye kandi musangire n’abatagize icyo bategura; kuko uyu munsi weguriwe Nyagasani. Ntimugire agahinda, kuko ibyishimo by’Uhoraho ari byo buhungiro bwanyu.»
Zaburi ya 18 (19), 8, 9, 10, 15
R/Ibyishimo by’Uhoraho ni byo buhungiro bwacu.
Itegeko ry’Uhoraho ni indakemwa,
rikaramira umutima.
Amabwiriza y’Uhoraho ni amanyakuri,
abacisha make akabungura ubwenge.
Amateka y’Uhoraho araboneye,
akanezereza umutima;
amategeko y’Uhoraho ni uruhehemure,
akamurikira umuntu.
Igitinyiro cy’Uhoraho kiraboneye,
kigahoraho iteka ryose.
Ibyo Uhoraho yemeje ni amanyakuri,
byose biba bitunganye.
Amagambo mvuga n’ibyo umutima wanjye uzirikana,
nibijye bikunogera, wowe Uhoraho,
Rutare nisunga n’umurengezi wanjye !
Isomo rya 2: 1 Abanyakorinti 12,12-30
Bavandimwe, mu by’ukuri umubiri ni umwe, kandi ugizwe n’ingingo nyinshi; ariko izo ngingo zose, n’ubwo ari nyinshi, zigize umubiri umwe: ni ko bimeze no muri Kristu. Twese twabatirijwe muri Roho umwe, ngo tube umubiri umwe. Twaba Abayahudi cyangwa Abagereki, twaba abacakara cyangwa abigenga, twese twuhiwe Roho umwe. Koko rero umubiri ntugizwe n’urugingo rumwe gusa, ahubwo ugizwe na nyinshi. Niba ikirenge kivuze kiti «Ubwo ntari ikiganza, nta ho mpuriye n’umubiri», byakibuza kuba urugingo rw’umubiri? Niba ugutwi kuvuze kuti «Ubwo ntari ijisho, nta ho mpuriye n’umubiri», byakubuza kuba urugingo rw’umubiri? Niba umubiri wose ubaye ijisho, kumva byaherera he? Niba byose bibaye ugutwi, uguhumurirwa kwaherera he? Noneho rero Imana yagennye umwanya wa buri rugingo mu mubiri uko yabyishakiye. Yabaye byose byarabaye urugingo rumwe, umubiri wari kuba he? Ingingo rero ni nyinshi, ariko umubiri ukaba umwe. Ijisho ntirishobora kubwira ikiganza ngo «Singukeneye», n’umutwe ngo ubwire ibirenge uti «Simbakeneye». Byongeye kandi n’ingingo zisa nk’aho ari nta ntege, na zo ziba ngombwa, ndetse n’izo dukeka ko zisuzuguritse, ni zo twubaha cyane, maze izirusha izindi gutera isoni, tukarushaho kuzubahiriza. Naho ingingo zacu zisanzwe ntizijya ziduhangayika. Cyakora Imana yateye umubiri ku buryo buha icyubahiro ingingo zari zitacyifitemo, ari ukugira ngo umubiri utibyaramo amakimbirane, ahubwo ingingo zose zibe magirirane. Niba hari urugingo rubabaye, izindi zose zisangira ako kababaro; niba hari urugingo rumerewe neza, izindi na zo zirishima. Namwe rero muri umubiri umwe ari wo Kristu, kandi mukaba ingingo ze, buri muntu ku giti cye. Bityo rero, abo Imana yashyizeho muri Kiliziya, aba mbere ni intumwa, aba kabiri ni abahanuzi, aba gatatu ni abigisha. Hanyuma ikurikizaho abakora ibitangaza; abafite ingabire yo gukiza abarwayi, iyo gutabarana, iyo kuyobora n’iyo kuvuga mu ndimi. Mbese bose ni intumwa? Bose se ni abahanuzi? Cyangwa ni abigisha? Mbese bose bakora ibitangaza? Cyangwa bafite ingabire yo gukiza? Bose se bavuga mu ndimi? Cyangwa bose bazi kuzisobanura?
Ivanjili ya Mutagatifu 1, 1-4 ; 4, 14-21
Ubwo benshi batangiye kwandika barondora ibyabaye muri twe, mbese nk’uko twabigejejweho n’ababyiboneye kuva mu ntangiriro, ari na bo bari bashinzwe kwamamaza ijambo ry’Imana, nanjye maze kubaririza neza uko byagenze kuva bigitangira, niyemeje, nyakubahwa Tewofili, kukwandikira ayo mateka nyakurikiranyije, ngo umenye nyakuri ukuntu inyigisho washyikirijwe zihamye.Nuko Yezu asubira mu Galileya yuzuye ububasha bwa Roho Mutagatifu, aba ikirangirire mu gihugu cyose. Yigishirizaga mu masengero yabo, maze bose bakamushima. Hanyuma ajya i Nazareti aho yari yararerewe, maze nk’uko yabimenyereye yinjira mu isengero ku munsi w’isabato ; nuko arahaguruka ngo asome Ibyanditswe bitagatifu. Bamuhereza igitabo cy’umuhanuzi Izayi, arakibumbura abona ahanditse ngo
“Roho wa Nyagasani arantwikiriye,
kuko yantoye akansiga amavuta,
agira ngo ngeze Inkuru Nziza ku bakene,
ntangarize imbohe ko zibohowe,
n’impumyi ko zihumutse, n’abapfukiranwaga ko babohowe,
kandi namamaze umwaka w’impuhwe za Nyagasani.”
Yezu abumba igitabo, agisubiza umuhereza maze aricara. Mu isengero bose bari bamuhanze amaso. Nuko atangira kubabwira ati “Ibiri mu isomo mumaze kumva, mumenye ko byujujwe uyu munsi.”


text:
Inyigisho yo ku wa mbere, icyumweru cya 1 C, Igisibo, 15 Gashyantare 2016
Mt 25, 31-46.
Uyu munsi turumva ubutumwa Uhoraho aha Musa:“Kuba intungane”(Lev). Naho Ivanjili ikaba itubwira ingororano tuzahabwa bitewe n´imyitwarire yacu hano ku isi: ababi bazajya mu bubabare bw´iteka; naho abeza bazabona ingororano y´ubugingo bw´iteka. Tukaba muri ibi byose dusabwa kugira urukundo.
– kuba intungane. Bakristu bavandimwe, inyigisho y´uyu munsi iradusaba“Kuba intungane”. Ubwo nibwo butumwa Imana yahaye Musa kugirango abugezeho abavandimwe be b´abayisiraheli ariko natwe bukaba butureba aho turi hose n´igihe cyose. Kuba intungane rero bisaba kubahiriza amategeko y´uhoraho nk´uko Uhoraho ubwe abyivugira. Uhoraho aratubuza ibintu byose bitera ubusembwa roho ya muntu: kutiba, kutabeshya, kudahenda undi ubwenge cyangwa ngo umuriganye, kutarahira mu binyoma, kudatukana, kudatega abandi imitego. Aradusaba gukurikiza ubutabera igihe dukiranura bagenzi bacu. Aratubuza gusebya umuryango tuvukamo, kudashinja mugenzi wacu icyaha cyamucisha umutwe- kutagirira umutima mubi umuvandimwe wawe, kwirinda kwihorera no kugirira inzika abo mu muryango wacu. Arongeraho ati:“Uzakunde mugenzi wawe nkawe ubwawe; “nugenza utyo uzaba wubashye Imana yawe”. Ibyo nibyo Uhoraho adusaba uyu munsi, bikaba bibumbiye mw´itegeko ryo gukundana.
-Dusabe kuba intungane mu urukundo. Icyi nicyo gisabisho cy´uyu munsi. Kuba intungane ni ugushaka ubugingo bw´iteka. Urukundo rukaba arirwo ruri ku isonga mu kuba intungane. Ihindukira rya Yezu mu Ikuzo, nk´uko abibwira abigishwa be, uwo munsi nibwo buri wese azajya mu cyiciro cye bitewe n´ibyamuranze hano kw´isi. Bityo, icyo Yezu atwigisha uyu munsi ni ukugira urukundo rusesuye rutagira imipaka. Kugira urukundo ni ukubona ubabaye cyangwa uremerewe n´imitwaro ukamwibonamo maze ukamuruhura, ukamufasha kuko uwo aba ari undi Kristu washenguwe n´ishavu; kwambika uwambaye ubusa, guha ushonje icyo kurya no kunywa; Gusura abarwayi, abafunze cyangwa imbohe, imfubyi zitagira kirengera n´abapfakazi, ibyo byose ubikoze aba ari Kristu abikoreye.
Muri uyu mwaka w´impuhwe z´Imana dusabe Uhoraho atwongerere urukundo ruzir´uburyarya hamwe n´ubushishozi kandi ahore aturangaje imbere. Adutoze gukunda nk´uko We ubwe adukunda. Aduhe amagambo atanga ubugingo mu bo duhura nabo bose kandi tumenye ko itegeko ry´Uhoraho ryo gukunda ari indakemwa( Zab). Bityo dukundane nyakuri bivuye ku mutima na Roho. Dusabe Nyagasani kugirango amagambo tuvuga n´ibyo umutima wacu uzirikana bijye binogera Uhoraho kuko ariwe Rutare twisunga akaba n´Umurengezi wa buri wese uko dutuye iyi si. Muri iki gisibo dusabe Bikiramariya Umubyeyi w´Imana agume aduhakirwe twe abana be tube intungane maze tuzagere mu bugingo bw´iteka, Ijabiro nta mususu. Amen.
Padiri Emmanuel MISAGO
Alcalá de Henares- Espagne.


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Kubara 21:8: Uwiteka abwiraMose ati “Cura inzoka isa n’izo, uyimanike ku giti cy’ibendera maze uwariwe n’inzoka wese nayireba arakira.” Bene data nshuti z’umusaraba, nifuje kubaganiriza kuri iri jambo ngo nubwo mu rugendo tunyuramo
uretse inzoka zoherezwa n’Imana kubera kuyivovotera mbibutse ko mu butayu habamo izindi zisa nazo, kandi zibujije abagenzi gukomeza urugendo kubera ubusabwe zifite bukomeye bwashegeshe umubare utari muto muri uru rugendo rugana iwacu.
Ariko nubwo zihari ziteye zityo, hari indi yamanitswe ku giti ifite ubushobozi kuri izo zose, birakwiye ko dukura amaso kuzaturiye tukayahanga kuyamanitswe! Nyuma y’urugendo abisiraheli bakoze rwo mu butayu, Imana ibasaba kwitondera amategeko n’amateka yayo kugira ngo bagere mu gihugu cy’isezerano; bamwe imitima yabo icogozwa n’urwo rugendo. Abantu bavuga Imana na Mose nabi baravuga bati: “Mwadukuriye iki muri Egiputa, mukatuzanira gupfira mu butayu, Ko nta mitsima tuhaboneye, Ko nta mazi ahibera, Tubihiwe n’iyi mitsima (Kubara 21:4-5). Ni byiza ko tugenda tutivovotera Imana kubw’ubuzima, imibabaro, intambara, ibitugoye duhura nabyo mu rugendo kuko iyo duhagurutse tujya mu gihugu cy’isezerano tugomba kunyura mu butayu (mu bibazo, mu ntambara, mu bigeragezo) bikadusaba kwitondera amategeko n’amateka y’Imana kugirango tugere i Kanani amahoro (Abalewi10:07)
CURA INZOKA ISA N’IZO: Hari inzoka ihenze (mu muringa) ifite ubushobozi ku zindi zose. Imana idukirisha inzoka isa n’izaturiye ariko izirusha ubushobozi n’ubutware. Aho tuburiye niho tubonera kubwa Yesu, Iyo umaze gukira usubira iwanyu Dekapoli. Urugero rw’uburibwe ni rwo Yesu ahindura uburyohe. Ikibazo si umubare w’inzoka zakuriye cyangwa ubusagwe bwazo nubwo byaguhinduye ukundi. Ivunja inzoka zakuriye zikamirwa n’iyamanitswe ikagusukaho umugisha w’iteka ryose. Ziturumye zitazi aho twatangiriye. Twavuzweho ijambo ritugeza iyo tujya, (Yeremiya 1:4, Abefeso2:10). Imana ishimwe ko yahisemo kutumanikira inzoka (Yesu) ku giti cy’ibendera(umusaraba) icuze mu muringa (ububasha bwo gukiza) imira ibengerana y’ubutware n’ubushobozi ku zindi zose.
UYIMANIKE KU GITI CY’IBENDERA: Imana yashatse ko uzajya ayireba ararama, Pawulo yaravuze ngo sindeba ku biboneka ahubwo ndareba ku bitaboneka kuko ibiboneka ari iby’igihe gito ariko ibitaboneka ni iby’iteka ryose. Iby’iwacu ntibibonerwa hasi, biva hejuru. Bibliliya iravuga ngo mujye muhoza amaso ku biri hejuru. Kuzamura amaso: Gutesha agaciro izo hasi ukamenya ko hari iri hejuru. Igiti cy’ibendera: Umusaraba, intsinzi, ubutware no kunesha. Imana iyo ijya kurema ibishya ibanza gukuraho ibisanzwe biriho ngo ibyo yubatse bitagira ikibyitirirwa. Kumanura igiti: gusenya, guhirika no gukuraho ubwami busanzwe. Yesu yakuyeho ibya kera n’ubwami bwari butubase yubaka ubundi bushya mu buzima bwacu bw’ingoma idahanguka bufite ubugingo. Kandi ufite uwo mwana aba afite ubugingo muri we, Imana ishimwe. Kubana n’igiti: Kwemera ubwami, ingoma kubera kubura uko ugira. Hari ubwami bwari bwaratubase twarabwemeye kuko Akaje karemerwa ariko Yesu aje aratubatura. Kera ntimwari ubwoko ariko none muri ubwoko , kera ntimurakababarirwa ariko none mwarababariwe (1 Petero2:10). Wamaze kubyakira uko biri mu buzima bwawe. Kumanika igiti: Kwimika ubwami bushya. Imana itegeka itegeko rishya ku buzima bwawe. Iyo hari imanitswe bibonwa na bose: abatabishaka, abatabizi, abaguheruka kera ku ngoma y’inzoka z’ubusabwe, babona itangazo rishya kandi ry’ibishya, Yesaya48:7, ibya kera ntimubyibuke Yeremiya8. Iyo imanitswe igenda ibisikanya inyito y’ibintu imbere yawe Abaroma8:31. No mu buzima hari igihe ubatwa n’ubwami bw’inzoka ugahindura imvugo na gahunda n’imikorere ukabatwa n’agahinda ariko hari indi nzoka kandi iyatanze umwana wayo izabura ite kumuduhana n’ibindi byose, uwabatuwe nayo imuha kado y’amahoro itabonwa ahandi.
MAZE UWARIWE N’INZOKA WESE NAYIREBA ARAKIRA: Kura amaso ku busabwe bw’izakuriye zo mu butayu urebe imanitswe ku giti. Himye ubwami bushya buhindura ubuzima bwawe bumira ubusabwe. Iyo ugezeyo igushakira uburyo bushya. Nubwo urugendo rurerure rutuma abantu bananirwa abandi bakivovota bitewe n’inzoka zabaririye mu butayu bagiye bacamo ariko Dawidi yaravuze ngo naho intambara yambaho no muriyo nzakomeza umutima (Zaburi27:3). Ikubisikanya n’ibigutera ubwoba imbere yawe. Bara aho waburiye, isahani waririyeho, maze urebe iyamanitswe= gukira ukaba mu isi utari uwayo ahubwo ugendana ubugingo n’amahoro. Kuyireba=guhinduka kw’ibyari bihari. Imirasire iva ku musaraba (umuringa) izanye gukira, Malaki 3:7, Luka 1;78-79.
Bene data,Uwamanitswe angana n’ijambo rye, agaciro kari ku ryavuzwe ku nzoka imanitswe (YESU) riruta ubusabwe bw’izakuriye. Hamwe n’izakurumye, reba ku giti iyamanitswe, Yesu ku musaraba ijambo rye rya gatandatu yaravuze ngo byose birarangiye. Zamura amaso n’umutima ubikure ku zakuriye uyahange kuyamanitswe.
MANA NDUBURIRA AMASO KU MUSOZI, Gushimisha 194.
IMANA IBAHE UMUGISHA
EV MAOMBE THEOGENE


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Home > Amakuru Yose > Amakuru mashya > Minisitiri Gatabazi yasabye abagize za njyanama kujya batumiza abayobozi (...)
Minisitiri w’Ubutegetsi bw’Igihugu, Gatabazi Jean Marie Vianney, arasaba abagize Inama Njyanama kujya batumiza abayobozi bananiranye nk’uko n’abayobozi bakuru b’Igihugu barimo na Perezida wa Repuburika, bitaba Inteko Ishinga Amategeko gusobanura ibitagenda neza.
Minisitiri Gatabazi avuga ko hari abajyanama baheruka batorwa gusa manda zabo zikarangira nta nama n’imwe bagiranye n’abaturage nk’uko byagaragaye mu masuzuma yagiye akorwa, mu gihe nyamara ngo umujyanama akwiye kwegurira umwanya we abaturage akumva ibibazo bafite kugira ngo bikorerwe ubuvugizi.
Minisitiri Gatabazi avuga ko Umuyobozi w’akarere, uw’umurenge n’uw’akagari batayobora inama Njyanama ahubwo ari zo ziyobora abo bayobozi, kandi abajayanama bafite inshingano zo kugenzura imikorere y’abayobozi kugira ngo aho bitagenda neza hashakwe umuti w’ikibazo.
Agoira ati “Nimugenda mukiyicarira mukajya muvuga ngo gitifu ntakora yarananiranye, agoronome ntakora, abarimu ntabwo bigisha, izo ni zo nshingano zanyu zo kuvugira benshi badafite aho bahurira ngo bivugire. Na Perezida wa Repuburika yitaba Inteko, Minisitiri yitaba Inteko, Minisitiri w’Intebe yitaba Inteko, namwe mujye mutumiza ba gitifu badakora neza bisobanure”.
Avuga ko akamaro k’umujyanama ni ako kureba ibitagenda, nk’uko abanyamakuru basuzuma ibitagenda bakabikorera ubuvugizi kugeza ubwo abaturage basigaye babizera cyane kandi nta ngengo y’imari bagira.
Agira ati “Dore abaturage basigaye bazi ko abanyamakuru ari bo bakemura ibibazo byabo, kuki abaturage bazategereza ko umunyamakuru azabasanga muri Nyabinoni kubakemurira ibibazo, kandi wowe mujyanama wa Nyabinoni uhari uba umara iki?”
Avuga ko kuzuza inshingano z’Ubujyanama ari ugushyigikira imiyoborere myiza irangajwe imbere na Perezida wa Repuburika, Paul Kagame, yo gushyigikira umuturage ngo Igihugu gitere imbere.
Ubwo hatorwaga abajyanama ku rwego rw’akarere bahagarariye 30% by’abagore, umujyanama Kayitare Jacqueline, usanzwe unayobora Akarere ka Muhanga yagaragaje ko impanuro za Minisitiri w’Ubutegetsi bw’Igihugu ari ingirakamaro ku bagore bagiye guhagararira abandi mu nama Njyanama z’uturere.
Agira ati “Twarakoze muri manda ishize, kandi ibyo kubakirwaho birahari igisigaye ni ugufatanya na bagenzi bacu bazazamuka mu bajyanama rusange, icya mbere ni ugushyira imbere umuturage akazamuka kugira ngo ibyo duteganya kugeraho na we agaragaze uruhare rwe”.
Amatora mu bagize inama Njyanama ku rwego rw’akarere arakomeza kuri uyu wa kabiri no ku wa kane, ahazatorwa abajyanama rusange bazitoramo komite nyobozi z’uturere.


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GSH yashinzwe 2015, nkinganda ninganda zubucuruzi kabuhariwe mu gukora no kugurisha ibyuma byubaka, bifite imbaraga za tekinike ikomeye & itsinda ryogucuruza neza & ubuyobozi.Hamwe niterambere ryikigo cyacu, dukora ibintu byiza hamwe hamwe kandi tubona icyubahiro cyinshi mubikorwa byo kugurisha no kugurisha ibyuma byumuryango.Birashimwa cyane gutanga icyerekezo cya tekiniki cyumwuga na serivisi nziza.Twegereye isoko mpuzamahanga dushikamye.
Ubu ibicuruzwa byacu bigurishwa neza muburasirazuba bwamajyepfo, uburasirazuba bwo hagati, no gukora OEM kubakiriya bamwe kumasoko ya Euro-Amerika, cyane cyane abakiriya 3 ugereranije nubu.
Ibicuruzwa byacu byingenzi ni: Gufunga urugi (Ifunguro ryinjira, Icyumba cya Lever Mortise, Icyuma cya Cylindrical, Igikoresho cya Tubular, Igikoresho gikomeye cya Brass Deadbolt, Rim Lock, Drawer Lockets nibindi), Ibikoresho bikoreshwa (SS / Umuringa Hinge, Guhagarika urugi, Hagarika, Door Bolt, Slide Guide, Trundle) nibikoresho byo mu nzu nkibikoresho / gukurura, ibikoresho byo mu nzu nibindi. Inzira isanzwe dukora ni: Schlage, Baldwin, Kwikset, dutanga urufunguzo rwa mudasobwa nurufunguzo rusanzwe.Turakomeza gukomeza guteza imbere ibicuruzwa bishya kugirango twongere ubuzima bwibicuruzwa byose, kwagura isoko mpuzamahanga n'imbaraga nyinshi.
Intego yacu "Ubwiza, Serivise itaryarya, Umukiriya uruta iyindi" .Birashimwa cyane kubona inkunga yawe yose ikomeye!Murakaza neza kubakiriya bashya bose badusanze kandi dukore ibishoboka byose kugirango dukore igitangaza cyubwubatsi!
Nyamuneka twandikire niba hari ibyo ukeneye cyangwa serivisi!
Whatsapp / Skype / Tel / Wechat: +8615921023469


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CEP UR Huye Worship Team yakoze igitaramo ihembura benshi [Amafoto]
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Mu mafoto kurikirana Iteraniro rya CEP UR Huye hamwe na New Melody
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Dore uburyo Chorale Elayo ibyinira Imana
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Icyigisho cya Pastor Zigirinshutin Michael muri CEP UR Huye Evangelical Campaign
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1,038 total views, 2 views today
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934 total views
Turarinzwe
Aherako yoherezayo amafarashi n’amagare n’ingabo nyinshi, bagenda ijoro ryose bagota uwo mudugudu. Maze umugaragu w’uwo muntu w’Imana azindutse kare mu gitondo, arasohoka abona ingabo n’amafarashi n’amagare bigose uwo mudugudu. Umugaragu abwira shebuja ati “Biracitse databuja, turagira dute?” Aramusubiza ati “Witinya,…
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Musabe muzahabwa, mushake muzabona, mukomange ku rugi muzakingurirwa. Kuko umuntu wese usaba ahabwa, ushatse abona, n’ukomanga agakingurirwa.”(Matayo 7:7 ) Iri ni isezerano twahawe na Yesu ko nidusaba tuzahabwa. Yongeye kurishimangira kandi ubwo yabwiraga abigishwa be ati, “Uwo munsi nta cyo…
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Alpha na Omega by Alliance Choir CEP UR Huye
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Imurikagurisha
Nka sosiyete yubucuruzi ikuze ikuze ifite uburambe bwimyaka 30 yo kohereza hanze, twitabira cyane imurikagurisha ryimbere mu gihugu no mumahanga.Turizera kwerekana imbaraga zuruganda rwacu, imbaraga za tekiniki nimbaraga zo gushushanya twitabira imurikagurisha ritandukanye.Wellwares yitabira imurikagurisha rya Canton kumyaka irenga 10 kugirango imenyekanishe isura yikigo cyacu, duhure nabakiriya bashaje kandi dushakishe abakiriya bashya.Itandukaniro nabandi berekana imurikagurisha, dushiraho icyumba cyiza kandi cyigenga cyibidukikije kuri wewe kugirango tuganire kuri gahunda yo kugura , irinda abakiriya bacu igihe kirekire.Byongeye kandi, ntitwerekana igishushanyo mbonera cyabakiriya bacu mu cyumba cyacu kugirango turinde imiterere yabakiriya.Twerekana gusa ibishushanyo byacu bishya muri Imurikagurisha, Wellwares ikuzaniye ibicuruzwa byiza na serivisi nziza!Gufungura isoko ryamahanga, Wellwares nayo ijya muri Chicago International Home + Inzu Yurugo, Imurikagurisha ryamazu ya Hong Kong, Frankfurt Ambiente, hanyuma ushake neza abafatanyabikorwa beza nka Sodimac, Target nibindi.Turibanda kubakiriya ba supermarket nini muri Amerika yepfo.Ibicuruzwa birimo ibintu byose kumeza, harimo ibikoresho byo kumeza, ameza yo kurya, intebe yo kurya, icyuma cyameza hamwe nuruhererekane rwibicuruzwa, Ibicuruzwa birimo ibicuruzwa 4000 bitandukanye mubyiciro bitandukanye.Nkumwanya wa mbere wubushinwa bwohereza ibicuruzwa muri Chili, turizera ko tuzungurana ubucuti nubufatanye nabakiriya benshi bo muri Amerika yepfo binyuze mumurikagurisha.Twebwe, dufata isoko ryamerika yepfo nkisoko nyamukuru, tuzakora nkigihembwe cyigihembwe abakiriya batanga ibyiciro byinshi byuburyo bushya bwo guhitamo.
Uyu mwaka, kubera ingaruka z'iki cyorezo, twahinduye imurikagurisha ry'uyu mwaka imbonankubone "imurikagurisha kuri interineti".Twahujije inyungu zacu bwite hamwe no gutumanaho kumurongo no guhuza imiterere ya videwo ngufi yamenyekanye mumyaka ibiri ishize kugirango dushyireho ibidukikije bishya.Nibijyanye no kwimura imbona nkubone kumurongo no gukora "imurikagurisha kumurongo".Nibyiza kuvuga uburyo wakoresha interineti kugirango ukomeze kandi wagure amashusho ya interineti ukoresheje interineti, kandi uhuze.Dushize hamwe ibicuruzwa bishyushye hamwe nibishushanyo bishya, kandi tubereke muburyo bwa videwo.Nizere ko ushobora kwiga amakuru yose nibisobanuro byibicuruzwa kurubuga.


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Uyu mugore ukunda kuvuga imyato umugabo we, yashimangiye urukundo rukomeye yagaragarijwe na Tom Close ubwo yashoreraga ishyo ry’inka akajya kumukwa ndetse anashimira abantu bose bababaye hafi mu gihe barushingaga.
Abinyujije kuri Instagram yagize ati, “Ubu imyaka ibiri irashize, warakoze kumpitamo mu bandi maze ugashorera ishyo ry’inka urizana iwacu. Ngusabiye imigisha myinshi.”
Arongera ati, “Nongeye gushimira by’umwihariko urungano rwaduherekeje muzahirwe namwe ”.
Mu bo yavuze ko na bo abifuriza kuzahirwa nka we barimo Knowless, Miss Aurore, Isheja Sandrine, Ishimwe Clement n’abandi.
Ibi birori kuri uyu muryango bije byiyongera ku isabukuru Tom Close aherutse kugira ubwo yuzuzaga imyaka 27 y’amavuko.
Bamaze kurushinga, ni kenshi Tom Close n’umugore we bagiye bavugwa gutandukana ariko bombi bagiye bahagurukira kwerekana ko ibivugwa ari impuha zigamije kubasebya no gukurura umwuka mubi hagati yabo.
Tom Close yashyingiranwe na Niyonshuti Ange Tricia imbere y’Imana mu rusengero rwa Mutagatifu Etienne mu Biryogo ku itariki 30 Ugushyingo 2013.


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Iki gitekerezo cyo kuzamura imyaka yo kunywa inzoga ni kimwe mu byatanzwe ubwo hateranaga Ihuriro ry’abagize Umuryango Unity Club, biturutse ku biganiro bari bamazemo iminsi bigamije kurebera hamwe imyitwarire y’urubyiruko rw’u Rwanda cyane ko aribo bayobozi b’ejo.
Ubwo hasozwaga iri huriro rya 15 rya Unity Club, iki gitekerezo cyashyizwe mu myanzuro yafatiwe muri ibi biganiro.
Mu kiganiro na IGIHE, Umuyobozi Mukuru w’Urwego rw’Igihugu Ngishwanama rw’Inararibonye, Tito Rutaremara yavuze ko koko mu rubyiruko rw’u Rwanda harimo ikibazo cy’ubusinzi no gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge.
Yakomeje avuga ko nubwo bimeze gutyo asanga umuti atari ukuzamura imyaka yo kunywa inzoga.
Ati "Umunti w’ikibazo ni ugushyira mu bikorwa amategeko, abantu baha abana inzoga batarageza imyaka y’ubukure bakabihagarika n’ubikora agafatwa kuko banabishyize kuri 21 ba bandi ba 19 ntubagenzure n’ubundi bizaba kwa kundi."
"Ikindi gikenewe ni uko abafite utubari bagenzura, babona umwana muto ntibamuhe inzoga ariko nabwo bashobora gutuma abandi bakazizana, icyiza ni uko ababyeyi batangira kwigisha abana kutanywa inzoga kuko ari bibi noneho no mu mashuri bakabyigisha, n’urundi rubyiruko rugatanga umusanzu mu kubyigisha. Muri make, ni ugukora iyo politike ariko n’ababaha inzoga bagahanwa kugira ngo babihagarike. Twese tugahaguruka tukabikorera."
Tito Rutaremara yakomeje avuga ko nubwo hari urubyiruko rwishoye mu ngeso mbi zirimo n’ubusinzi, Abanyarwanda badakwiriye kwiheba ngo bumve ko igihugu cyabo nta hazaza gifite kuko hari urundi rubyiruko rwitwara neza.
Ati "Urubyiruko rufite ibintu byinshi birushuka ariko guheraho ukavuga ngo rwose rwarapfuye sibyo, hari benshi beza cyane ariko na none dukwiriye gukora cyane kugira ngo n’umubare w’abo bari mu bintu bibi tugende tuwugabanya. Kuba hari benshi beza batabirimo barahari. Cyakora kuko hari byinshi bibashuka dukwiriye kubihagurukira.”
Ibyatangajwe na Tito Rutaremara bisa n’ibyavuzwe na Perezida Paul Kagame, aho yagaragaje ko igikenewe cyane ari uko ababyeyi bashyira imbaraga mu burere bw’abana babo.
Perezida Kagame yavuze ko nubwo Leta yakora ibishoboka byose igashyiraho amategeko akumira abana kwishora mu biyobyabwenge n’inzoga, inshingano za mbere ari iz’ababyeyi mu gufasha abana kubona uburere.
Ati "Hari ikibazo, ababyeyi bamwe bitiranya amajyambere bikavuga ko urekera iyo, ari mu mico, imibereho, byose bikaba ibintu biri aho byambaye ubusa. Ni ukwibeshya […] Ntabwo uzategereza umuntu wo hanze ngo aze akubwirire umwana ngo ’imyifatire yawe ikwiriye kuba iyi."
Yakomeje agira ati "Amategeko ureba agenda ashyirwaho, niba aribyo mushaka byakorwa uko, ariko amategeko ntabwo azafasha kurangiza icyo kibazo, hari uburyo bubiri bufasha. Uburyo bwa mbere ni inyigisho zihera ku bantu aho bari, kwibutsa, kubiganira ndetse ingero z’icyo kibi zikagaragara ku buryo abantu benshi bavuga bati ibi ntitubishaka, ntibwikwiriye kutubamo."_
Perezida Kagame yavuze ko ikindi kintu cy’ingenzi ari ugushyira imbere iyubahirizwa ry’amategeko, abakoze ibinyuranye nayo bakabihanirwa.
Inzego zitandukanye ziri kuganira ku cyemezo cyo kuzamura imyaka yo kunywa inzoga mu gihe imibare y’Urwego rw’Igihugu rw’Ubugenzacyaha igaragaza ko urubyiruko rwishora mu nzoga no mu biyobyabwenge ikomeje kwiyongera.
RIB igaragaza ko kuva mu 2018 kugeza mu 2022, abafashwe bakurikiranyweho kunywa ibisindisha no gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge bari munsi y’imyaka 18 bageraga kuri 744 bangana na 3%; abari hagati y’imyaka 18 na 30 bari 14.765, bangana na 58,7%; abakurkiranywe bari hejuru y’imyaka 30 bo bari 9658 bangana na 38,4%.
Iyi mibare ya RIB yasesenguwe mu myaka ine igaragaza ko ibiyobyabwenge byiganje mu bantu bari hagati y’imyaka 18 na 30, biganjemo urubyiruko ruri mu mashuri.


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Tuvuze inyamaswa nini zigeze kubaho kwisi, abantu bose bazi ko ari baleine yubururu, ariko se inyamaswa nini iguruka?Tekereza ikiremwa gitangaje kandi giteye ubwoba kizerera mu gishanga hashize imyaka miriyoni 70, Pterosauria ifite uburebure bwa metero 4 izwi ku izina rya Quetzalcatlus, ikaba ari iy'umuryango wa Azhdarchidae.Amababa yacyo ashobora kugera kuri metero 12 z'uburebure, ndetse akagira umunwa wa metero eshatu.Ifite igice cya toni.Nibyo, Quetzalcatlus ninyamaswa nini iguruka izwi kwisi.
Izina ryubwoko bwaQuetzalcatlusikomoka muri Quetzalcoatl, Inzoka Yera Yera mumico ya Aztec.
Quetzalcatlus rwose yariho ikomeye cyane muricyo gihe.Ahanini, umusore Tyrannosaurus Rex ntabwo yigeze arwanya na gato iyo yahuye na Quetzalcatlus.Bafite metabolisme yihuse kandi bakeneye kurya buri gihe.Kuberako umubiri wacyo woroshye, ukenera proteine nyinshi zingufu.Agace gato ka Tyrannosaurus rex ipima ibiro 300 irashobora gufatwa nkifunguro ryayo.Iyi Pterosauria nayo yari ifite amababa manini, bigatuma ikwirakwira kure.
Ibisigazwa bya mbere bya Quetzalcatlus byavumbuwe muri parike ya Big Bend muri Texas mu 1971 na Douglas A. Lawson.Iki kigereranyo cyarimo ibaba ryigice (rigizwe nintangiriro hamwe nintoki ya kane yaguye), aho amababa afatwa ko arenga metero 10.Pterosauria ninyamaswa zambere zahinduye ubushobozi bukomeye bwo kuguruka nyuma yudukoko.Quetzalcatlus yari ifite sternum nini, niho imitsi yo kuguruka yari ifatanye, nini cyane kuruta imitsi yinyoni nudusimba.Ntagushidikanya rero ko ari beza cyane "aviator".
Umubare ntarengwa wamababa ya Quetzalcatlus uracyaganirwaho, kandi wanateje impaka kumipaka ntarengwa yimiterere yinyoni.
Hariho ibitekerezo byinshi bitandukanye munzira yubuzima bwa Quetzalcatlus.Kubera ururenda rurerure rwinkondo y'umura hamwe n'urwasaya rurerure rutagira amenyo, rushobora kuba rwarahigaga amafi muburyo bwa heron, karrion nk'igiti cyogosha, cyangwa icyuma cya kijyambere.
Quetzalcatlus ifatwa nk'iyikuramo imbaraga zayo, ariko iyo imaze mu kirere irashobora kumara umwanya munini.
Quetzalcatlus yabayeho mugihe cyanyuma cya Cretaceous, hashize imyaka miriyoni 70 kugeza miriyoni 65.5 ishize.Barazimye hamwe na dinosaur mugikorwa cya Cretaceous-Tertiary.
Kawah Dinosaur Urubuga rwemewe:www.kawahdinosaur.comIgihe cyo kohereza: Jun-22-2022


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Bosenibamwe Aimé wari umuyobozi mukuru w’ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe Igororamuco (National Rehabilitation Service) yitabye Imana azize uburwayi.
Bosenibamwe wanabaye Umuyobozi w’Intara y’Amajyaruguru, yavukiye mu Murenge wa Kanama, akarere ka Rubavu yitabye Imana afite imyaka 42 y’amavuko.
Yari afite impamyabumenyi y’icyiciro cya kabiri cya Kaminuza mu bijyanye n’ikoranabuhanga mu buhinzi yakuye muri Kaminuza ya Kisangani muri Repubulika iharanira Demukarasi ya Congo(DRC).
Yashakanye na Gloriose Sifa, akaba atabarutse bari bafitanye abana bane.