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Ni bangahe muri iki gihe bahura n'ingaruka z'ibiciro bya nikel inzira zose, abantu benshi bayobewe no kuzamuka kw'ibiciro bya nikel, ndetse n'abantu benshi bategereje igihe ibiciro bya nikel bizagabanuka intambwe ku yindi nyuma yo guca mu kirere. Muri iki gihe isi igoye cyane, isoko ryicyuma naryo ryerekanye imidugararo no guhungabana. Nyuma yo guhura n’imivurungano ku biciro byibyuma, igiciro giheruka cyibintu bimwe na bimwe bidafite ferro nacyo cyafashe Express Express, kizamuka gahoro gahoro, kandi nta kimenyetso cya feri. Nkikintu cyingenzi kivanga mubicuruzwa bisobanutse neza, ibiciro bya nikel byazamutse cyane, kandi ibiciro bivanze bisanzwe byazamutse munzira. Impamvu zabyo zirashimishije.
Iya mbere ni ikibazo cyo kubura isoko, kandi ubusumbane hagati yo gutanga nibisabwa niyo ntandaro yo kuzamuka kwibiciro bya nikel. Ibisabwa byinshi ku isoko byarenze kure ibarura rigezweho. Kubura kwisi kwicyuma cya nikel byagaragaye mbere. Nubwo ibisohoka bikomeza kwiyongera, ntibishobora guhura nibisabwa bikabije. igihugu cyanjye nikel gikomoka cyane cyane muri Indoneziya na Philippines. Bitewe n'icyorezo ku isi, umushinga wa nikel-fer watinze. , Ingaruka Kubisohoka.
Iya kabiri niyongera kubisabwa. Isoko rya nyuma ryicyuma cya nikel ni ibyuma bidafite ingese, bigera kuri 66%, bigakurikirwa na alloys, electroplating na bateri. Hamwe niterambere rikomeje no gutondekanya ibikoresho bishya byingufu, cyane cyane muri rusange ibinyabiziga bishya byingufu, umuvuduko wubwiyongere bwa nikel sulfate ukomeje kwiyongera, kandi iri terambere ryiyongera cyane kurenza imipaka yigihugu mugukora no kugabanya ibyuma bitagira umwanda. . Kubwibyo, muri rusange Icyifuzo cya nikel kiracyiyongera. Ibiciro bya Nickel bizaba "umusazi" mugihe gito.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-13-2021


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Nyamuneka udusigire kandi tuzaba tuvugana mumasaha 24.
Reka umukara n'umweru bibe ibyahise, reka ibara ribe impamo;Reka inyandiko isezere ibara riyobora, reka umuco winjire muri digitale Umurage ndangamurage ni umurima ugaragara kandi utera imbere byihuse hamwe n'umwanya munini.Kugeza ubu, umubare w’ingoro ndangamurage mu Bushinwa ufite excee ...
Ku ya 28, impanuka ikomeye y’umutekano yabereye kuri stade ya Red Pavilion ya Hong Kong: Itsinda ry’ibigirwamana rikomeye rya Hong Kong Mirror ryakoze igitaramo muri Red Pavilion.Mugaragaza nini ya LED yamanitse hejuru ya stade igwa giturumbuka ikubita ababyinnyi babiri barimo baririmba.Byumvikane ...
"Metaverse" ni iki?Kubisobanuro bya metaverse, kuri ubu birazwi ko ubusobanuro bwaturutse ku ijambo "Metaverse" (bisobanurwa kandi nka super-meta-domain) mu gitabo cya siyanse ya siyanse ya Stephenson "Avalanche" mu 1992. Mu magambo yoroshye, metaverse isobanura ko. ..

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Vietnam: Umugore amaze imyaka 41 atunzwe n’amazi gusa
Umugore wo muri Vietnam witwa Ms. Ngon, avuga ko amaze imyaka igera kuri 41 atunzwe n’amazi yonyine, kuko yaretse ibyo kurya, rimwe na rimwe akayavangamo umunyu mukeya, isukari nkeya cyangwa se umutobe w’indimu.
Ms. Ngon ubu ufite imyaka 63 y’amavuko, ni umuntu uzwi cyane aho avuka muri Komini ya Tan Trach muri Vietnam, kubera ibimutunze.
N’ubwo atunzwe n’ayo mazi, ariko ngo agaragara nk’umuntu ufite ubuzima bwiza ndetse n’umubiri mwiza ku myaka ye, ndetse ngo afite n’imbaraga nyinshi ugereranyije n’ikigero agezemo kuko akora ibikorwa byinshi muri ‘Yoga’, bamwe mu bato kuri we batanatinyuka kugerageza.
Kuri we, ngo amazi ayafata nk’ikintu cy’ingenzi ku buzima bwe, kimwe n’uko amazi ari ingenzi ku buzima bw’igiti.
Ms. Ngon mbere yaryaga umuceri n’ibindi byo kurya bikomeye, kugeza afite imyaka 21, ubwo yatangiraga kurwara indwara zitandukanye harimo amaso ntabone neza, kubabara mu gifu kenshi, kuruka bya hato na hato, nyuma ibizamini bigaragaza ko yari afite n’indwara yo mu maraso (a blood disease).
Nyuma yo kugerageza gufata imiti muganga yamwandikiye akabona ntacyo bimumarira yahisemo kuyireka, kuko n’ubundi yumvaga nta gihe kinini cyo kubaho asigaje.
Amaze kureka gufata iyo miti, ngo hari umuganga wamugiriye inama yo gutangira kunywa amazi arimo umuntu mukeya n’isukari akareka ibyo kurya bikomeye. Yanamubwiye ko ashatse yajya anayakandiramo umutobe w’imbuto ariko ntagire ikindi arya.
Uwo muganga ngo yamubwiye ko nabikora atyo bizatuma yongera kubona neza, ndetse akaba yanakira iyo ndwara yo mu maraso, gusa uwo muganga ngo yamwihanangirije kutazigera avuga izina rye, kuko uburyo yari amubwiye gukoresha ntaho bushingiye muri siyansi, akavuga ko abantu bajyaga kumunenga kubera ibyo.
Yakomeje kubika ibanga, kugeza ubwo uwo wamuvuye apfiriye, kandi nta muntu n’umwe wamenye izina rye nta n’uzarimenya, ariko ikizwi ni uko inama ye yagize akamaro. Gusa uwo mugore avuga ko ntawe yagira inama yo gutungwa n’amazi gusa, kuko byashyira ubuzima mu kaga, ibyamubayeho abifata nk’ibitangaza.
Ms. Ngog avuga ko atangira gahunda yo gutungwa n’amazi gusa guhera mu myaka 41 ishize, umuryango we wabirwanyije, bavuga ko agiye kwiyicisha inzara. Bamwe mu bagize umuryango ngo bageze aho bamubwira ko bagiye kwiyicisha inzara nabo bakazapfana na we, ariko arabasobanurira, ko adashaka kwiyahura, ahubwo arimo ashaka icyatuma ubuzima bwe bumera neza kurushaho.
Abo mu muryango we babonye ko ubuzima bwe bugenda bumera neza, ngo ntibongeye kumuhatira ibyo kurya bisanzwe, bamushyigikiye muri gahunda yo kunywa amazi.
Ubu ngo anaywa amazi asanzwe, rimwe na rimwe akayashyushya, ubundi agashyiramo umutobe mukeya w’indimu ngo ahindure icyanga, cyangwa se agashyira isukari mu kanwa akajya anywa amazi ngo ayishongeshereze mu kanwa.
MENYA UMWANDITSI
Umunyamakuru wa Kigali Today
@ umureremedia


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Ibikoresho bya sima bishingiye kuri sima bigenda byoroha buhoro buhoro ibikoresho byingenzi bitarimo amazi kubikorwa byo munsi yubutaka byubatswe n’amazi kubera ibikorwa byayo bitarimo amazi, kubaka byoroshye, igiciro cyiza, kurengera ibidukikije no kutagira uburozi nizindi mpamvu.
Icya mbere, amazi adakoresha amazi ni ukurwanya ibice bya beto
Nkuko twese tubizi, ikibura kinini cyimiterere ya beto ni ugucika, imiterere yameneka izatera kumeneka, cyane cyane mubwubatsi bwubutaka, kubera isuri yamara igihe kirekire kandi ikikijwe namazi yubutaka, iyo imaze guturika, kumeneka birakomeye cyane.
Nubwo inyubako ya beto yubatswe wongeyeho imvange irashobora kugenzura neza guturika hakiri kare, ariko imiterere yumutwaro wo kunyeganyega, gutakaza amazi no gukonjesha biterwa no gutura, kugabanuka kwumye hamwe no gusaza kumeneka ntibiteganijwe.
Intego yo kwirinda amazi ni ugutinda gutinda kumiterere yimiterere, ni ingamba zo gukumira, nukuvuga, uburyo bwo gukumira ibice byubatswe biterwa nibintu bitazwi neza ni ubwubatsi butagira amazi bifite akamaro gakomeye.
Kubera ubwubatsi nizindi mpamvu zatewe nuburyo bwubuki, ibintu byongerewe imbaraga byo gutobora umwobo, mugihe cyambere cyo gushiraho imiterere yatangiranye, bisaba ko hakoreshwa sima ishingiye kuri sima yemewe ya kirisiti itagira amazi kugirango ishimangire hejuru yimiterere, ubuso bwimiterere bwashimangiwe, murwego rwo gutinda, kwirinda kongera kumeneka.
Babiri, sima-ishingiye kuri cristaline yamashanyarazi idashobora gukoreshwa
1. Kina ibikoresho bitarimo amazi kandi udahuza igitsina.Ibikoresho byemewe bitarimo amazi bitarimo amazi ni ibintu bitarimo amazi bitagira amazi, bifite aho bihurira no kudahuza hamwe no guhuza imiterere.
2. Amazi nikintu nyamukuru kigena ubujyakuzimu bwa kristu ya osmotic.Kirisiti ikorwa nigitereko cyamazi kitinjira mumazi igice cyinjira mumyenge yimbere yubuso bwububiko binyuze mumazi yinjira mumazi hejuru yimiterere, bikungahaza ibintu bya kristu mubyobo kugirango ubuso bwububiko burusheho kuba bwiza, kandi umubare munini wa kristu iguma mu byobo bya coating kugirango ikuremo amazi kandi yongere ubwinshi bwamazi adafite amazi.
3. Menya neza umubyimba utagira amazi kugirango ugere ku ntego nyayo yo kwirinda amazi.Nibikoresho byinshi bitarimo amazi, nubunini buke butagira amazi, umwanya munini wo gufata amazi.
4. "sima-ishingiye kuri sima yemewe ya kirisiti itagira amazi" kubera ibiranga imiti ikora ya christaline ikora, hamwe nigihe gihita, ingaruka zayo zitagira amazi zizaba nziza kandi nziza.
5. Kubaka byoroshye, ntibikenewe kurundi rwego rwo kurinda;Byoroshye gukaraba, byoroshye kubaka, birashobora kubakwa mubihe bitose.
Bitatu, sima-ishingiye kuri sisitemu ya kirisitu itagira amazi igenzura ubuziranenge
Igikwiye kuvugwa ni uko kuzamura ubwiza bwamazi adafite amazi, uko gukoresha ibikoresho kuri metero kare nabyo ni urufunguzo rwo gukora akazi keza mukubaka amazi.
Cyane cyane kuri sima-ishingiye kuri cristaline ibikoresho bitarimo amazi, hari ikibazo cyumwanya wa hydration reaction.Muyandi magambo, uko ibintu byinshi bitarimo amazi, umubyimba mwinshi utagira amazi, niko umwanya munini wo gufata amazi;Ntoya.Umwanya muto wa hydration reaction nayo igarukira muguhindura imiti ikora kugirango ikore kristu nyinshi.
Tugomba rero gushimangira ko umubyimba wa coating ukurikije dosiye ya "underground engineering waterproof technical spécialisation" ntabwo iri munsi ya 1.5kg / ㎡, ubunini bugomba kuba burenze 1.0mm.Kugirango ugere ku ntego yo kutagira amazi, birakenewe kunoza ubwiza bwamazi adafite amazi.Ibikoresho bya sima bishingiye kuri sima byinjira mumazi bitewe nubwubatsi bworoshye kandi akenshi byoroshye gutuma abubatsi birengagiza iki kibazo, bigomba gutuma twita kubikorwa byubwubatsi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Apr-22-2022


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Inyigisho yo ku wa gatanu, kuwa 1 Mutarama 2016
Amasomo tuzirikana : 1) Ibar 6,22-27; 2) Gal 4,4-7; 3) Lk 2,16-21
Bavandimwe, Ntore z’Imana, mbifurije kugira umwaka mwiza wa 2016. Uyu munsi turahimbaza umunsi mukuru wa Bikira Mariya Umubyeyi w’Imana. Turahimbaza kandi umunsi mpuzamahanga w’amahoro.
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Mubyeyi Mutagatifu w’Imana turaguhungiraho ngo uturengere
Buri tariki ya mbere buri mwaka duhimbaza umunsi mukuru wa Bikira Mariya Umubyeyi w’Imana. Bikira Mariya Umubyeyi w’Imana ni rimwe mu mahame ane y’ukwemera Kiliziya yemeje ku bijyanye na Bikira Mariya. Ihame rya mbere kandi Kiliziya yemera kuri Bikira Mariya ni uko ari Umubyeyi w’Imana. Ari byo kuvuga ko Bikira Mariya yabyaye Jambo, Umwana w’Imana, wigize umuntu, Yezu Kristu, Imana rwose n’umuntu rwose. Iri hame ni ingenzi ku mahame ya Kiliziya kuri Bikira Mariya. Ni ryo ayandi yose ashingiyeho (andi mahame ni aya: Ayo mahame ni aya:Ko yagumirije kuba isugi iteka, Ko atasamanywe icyaha, Ko yajyanywe mu ijuru). Twita Bikira Mariya Umubyeyi w’Imana, kuko Umwana we ari Imana koko ( Yh 1, 1-18). Kuva mu binyejana by’ubukristu, abakristu ntibigeze bashidikanya uko kuri. Abakristu babihamya muri iri sengesho: “Mubyeyi Mutagatifu w’Imana turaguhugiraho ngo uturengere, ntusubize inyuma amaganya tukuganyira mu bukene bwacu, maze amakuba duhoramo uyadukize. Mubikira wasaganywe icyubahiro ukwiye gusingizwa.” Iri sengesho ryo mu kinyejana cya gatatu, abakristu na n’ubu turikomeyeho.
N’ubwo abakristu bambazaga Mariya nk’Umubyeyi w’Imana, kubyemeza nk’ihame ry’ukwemera kudashidikanywaho byemejwe n’Inama nkuru ya Kiliziya yabereye I Efezi (Ephèse) mu mwaka wa 431, ubwo Kiliziya yamaganaga inyigisho z’ubuyobe z’uwitwa Nestorius. Ku buryo budasubirwaho, Kiliziya yahamije iryo hame mu mwaka wa 451, mu Nama nkuru ya Kiliziya yabereye I Kaliseduwani .
Ese iri hame rifite ishingiro? Yego. Ihame ry’uko Bikira Mariya ari Nyina w’Imana rishingiye ku Byanditswe Bitagatifu no ku Ndangwakwemera, aho Kiliziya yemeza ko Umwana w’Imana, Yezu Kristu,yasamwe ku bwa Roho Mutagatifu, abyarwa na Bikira Mariya.
Ibyanditswe Bitagatifu byemeza iri hame aho abanditsi bita Mariya “Nyina wa Yezu” ( Yh 2,1; Mt 1,18; 2,11.13.20; 12,46; 13,55) cyangwa Nyina w’Umutegetsi (Lk 1,43). Abahanuzi bari barahanuye iri yobera. Izayi yari yarahanuye ko umwari w’isugi agiye gusama inda, akazabyara umuhungu, maze akazamwita Emmanuel (Iz 7,14). Ubu buhanuzi bwa Izayi bwujujwe ubwo Malayika w’Imana yabonekeraga Mariya akamubwira ati “dore ugiye gusama inda, ukazabyara umuhungu, maze ukazamwita izina rya Yezu (…)Roho Mutagatifu azakumanukiraho, maze ububasha bwa Nyir’Ijuru bukubundikire mu gicucu cye, ndetse ugiye kuvuka azaba intungane, kandi azitwa Umwana w’Imana”(Lk 1,31.35). Pawulo Mutagatifu na we yemeza ko Bikira Mariya ari Umubyeyi w’Imana aho agira ati “igihe cyagenwe kigeze, Imana yohereje umwana wayo, avuka ku mugore” (Gal 4,4). Iri hame ry’uko Bikira Mariya ari Umubyeyi w’Imana risobanura ko:
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Bikira Mariya yatanze ibyari bikenewe byose kuri kameremuntu ya Yezu, kimwe n’uko undi mubyeyi wese atanga ibyangombwa byose umwana akenera ngo abashe kubaho.
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Bikira Mariya yasamye kandi akabyara Umuperisona wa kabiri w’Ubutatu butagatifu, Yezu Kristu, Imana rwose. Yezu yafashe kameremuntu muri Mariya kubera umugambi w’Imana wo gukiza abantu. Yezu yenze umubiri kubwa Roho Mutagatifu abyarwa na Bikira Mariya.
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Iri hame rihamya ubutore bwa Bikira Mariya igihe Malayika Gaburiyeli amutumweho, akamugezaho indamukanyo n’ubutumwa, ati “Ndakuramutsa, Mutoni w’Imana; Nyagasani ari kumwe nawe(…) Wagize ubutoni ku Mana. Dore ugiye gusama inda, ukazabyara umuhungu, maze ukazamwita izina rya Yezu(…)Ugiye kuvuka azaba intungane, kandi azitwa Umwana w’Imana”(Lk 1,28-35).
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Kuba Mariya ari Umubyeyi w’Imana byamuhaye isano idasanzwe afitanye n’Ubutatu butagatifu.
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Kuba Mariya yarabaye Umubyeyi w’Imana byamuhaye kugira uruhare rudasanzwe mu mugambi w’Imana wo gukiza abantu. Yabaye Nyina w’Umucunguzi kandi ku musaraba agaragaza neza ko yafashije Umucunguzi kuducungura.
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Igihe Mariya atorewe kuba Umubyeyi w’Imana yemeye no kuba Umubyeyi wa Kiliziya n’Umubyeyi w’abemera Yezu Kristu bose.
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Kuba Mariya ari Nyina w’Imana byanamuhaye umwanya udasanzwe mu biremwa; asumba ibindi biremwa byose, kubera inema Imana yamuhaye. Mutagatifu Elizabeti ayobowe na Roho Mutagatifu yabivuze neza agira ati “ Wahebuje abagore bose umugisha, n’Umwana utwite arasingizwa”(Lk 1,42). Mariya nawe abihamya muri Magnificat agira ati “kuva ubu amasekuruza yose azanyita Umuhire”(Lk 1,48).
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Twigane Bikira Mariya Umubyeyi w’Imana
Bikira Mariya tumwigireho ibi bikurikira:
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Bikira Mariya tumwigireho kwiyoroshya no korohera Imana kugira ngo idukoreshe ugushaka kwayo.
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Twigane ukwemera, ukwizera n’urukundo bya Bikira Mariya: Mariya yabayeho agaragaza ukwemera kandi agenda akuvugurura, cyane cyane mu bihe bikomeye igihe yahuraga n’ingorane, ukwemera kwe kwarushagaho gutera imbere. Kubera urukundo, Bikira Mariya yemeye kutubera umubyeyi, turi abana be. Na twe nidukundane, duhashye ikintu cyose cyaducamo ibice, twunge ubumwe. Mariya yiringiye Imana muri byose. Ibyo yahuraga nabyo byose yahoraga azirikana rya jambo “koko ntakinanira Imana”(Lk 1,37).
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« Uhoraho aguhe umugisha kandi akurinde » (ibar 6 , 24)
« Uhoraho aguhe umugisha kandi akurinde » (ibar 6 , 24). Aya magambo meza buri wese ayagire aye, mu ntangiriro z’uyu mwaka ndetse n’ikindi gihe. Nta muntu utifuza umugisha kuri we ubwe ndetse no kube bose. Nta muntu ukunda umuvumo, ibyago cyangwa se umwaka. Twabizirikanye Bikira Mariya yakiriye umugisha w’Imana, na twe duce bugufi twakire umugisha w’Imana. Twitoze gutanga umugisha, twitoze no kuwakira, tuwifurize abandi. Ibyo isomo rya mbere ryatubwiye tubigire ibyacu. Twige kuvuga imwe muri izi nteruro eshatu :
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Uhoraho aguhe umugisha kandi akurinde (Ibar 6, 24)
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Uhoraho akurebane impuhwe kandi agusakazemo inema ze (Ibar 6, 25)
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Uhoraho akwiteho kandi aguhe amahoro(Ibar 6, 26)
Mu ntangiriro y’umwaka, bimaze kuba akamenyero ko abantu bohererezanya ubutumwa bugufi bubifuriza umugisha w’Imana. Ese iyo wifuriza umuntu umugisha w’Imana, uba ushatse gusobanura iki? Ni ukumwifuriza kuba kure y’ibyago, kuba kure y’agahinda, kuba kure y’ibyaha,kuba kure ya Sekibi, kuba kure y’ubukene,kuba kure y’igihombo, kuba kure y’umwanzi, kure y’intambara, kuba kure y’imanza, kuba kure y’intonganya, kuba kure y’intsinzwi, kuba kure y’impagarara zose. Kugira umugisha w’Imana bisobanura kuba mu byiza, kubona amahirwe, kubana n’Imana, kugira incuti nziza kandi zikugoboka, kugira amahoro, umutekano n’ituze. Kugira umugisha ni ukugira Imana. Babyeyi nimwifurize abana banyu umugisha. Bana, nimwifurize ababyeyi umugisha. Yezu we ati “ nimukunde abanzi banyu, musabire umugisha ababatoteza”. Ni bwo muzagira amahoro mu mitima yanyu. Uyu munsi dusabire abantu badafite amahoro mu ngo zabo, mu mitima yabo, mu mubano wabo na bagenzi babo. Mwese nimwegere abasaseridoti babahundagazeho umugisha w’Imana mu izina ry’Imana Data, Mwana na Roho Mutagatifu.
Umubyeyi Bikira Mariya, We, wahebuje abagore bose umugisha,adusabire!
Muvandimwe, Uhoraho aguhe umugisha kandi akurinde (Ibar 6, 24)
Padiri Emmanuel TWAGIRAYEZU
Paroisse Murunda/Nyundo


text: Yezu amaze kujya mu bwato, arambuka, ajya mu mugi we. Nuko bamuzanira ikirema kiryamye mu ngobyi. Yezu abonye ukwemera kwabo, abwira ikirema ati «Izere, mwana wanjye, ibyaha byawe urabikijijwe.» Bamwe mu bigishamategeko baribwira bati «Uyu muntu aratuka Imana!» Ariko Yezu amenya ibyo batekereza, arababwira ati «Igituma mutekereza ibidatunganye ni iki? Icyoroshye ni ikihe: ari ukuvuga ngo ‘Ibyaha byawe urabikijijwe’, cyangwa kuvuga ngo ‘Haguruka ugende’? None rero, kugira ngo mumenye ko Umwana w’umuntu afite ububasha bwo gukiza ibyaha mu nsi . . . », abwira ikirema ati «Haguruka, ufate ingobyi yawe, witahire!» Arahaguruka, arataha. Rubanda babibonye, barakangarana; nuko basingiza Imana yahaye abantu ububasha bungana butyo.


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Ku wa 6 w’icya 5 cya Pasika, 16/05/2020
Amasomo: Intu16,1-10; Zab 100 (99), 1-5; Yohani 15,18-21
Yezu naganze iteka.
Igihe cyose umubyeyi nyamubyeyi abona ko imbaraga zigenda zimubana inteja, akumva iminsi ye yegereje iherezo, yegeranya abana be, akabaha impanuro. Yamara kubahanura akabaha irage n’umugisha, ubundi akabifuriza guhirwa no kuzaba intwari. Natwe turi hafi guhimbaza umunsi Yezu azasubira kwa Se wamutumye kuducungura. Na We muri iyi minsi kuzagera kuwa kane duhimbaza umunsi mukuru wa Asensiyo: Isubira mu ijuru rye, azakomeza guha impanuro za nyuma intumwa ze.
1.Barantoteje, namwe nimukenyere
None aratubwira ijambo rikomeye, ari na ryo yabwiye abigishwa be ubwo bari kumwe ati: “Nta mugaragu usumba Shebuja, niba barantoteje namwe bazabatoteza, niba barubashye amagambo yanjye, n’ayanyu bazayubaha”.
Yezu araburira abigishwa be bari kumwe kimwe n’abandi bose bazakomera ku magambo ye n’ubutumwa bwe bakabwamamaza. Ni uko ibyamubayeho natwe bizatubaho. Yabaciraga amarenga y’ urubategereje natwe turimo. Dore ko, hari abibwira ko gukunda, gukurikira no gukurikiza Yezu mu mvugo no mu ngiro bizababera ingabo ibakingira ingorane, ibyago, ibitoteza n’andi marushywa abantu bahura na yo. Yaraduteguje ati: “Isi nibazira mumenye ko ari jye yabanje kwanga”. Koko rero nta mugaragu usumba shebuja. Yezu ntabyo batamuhimbiye, ntabyo batamureze ndetse no gushaka kumwica rugeretse, ni uko yabacaga mu myanya y’intoki: “Uriya si wa wundi bahigaga bashaka kumwica” (Yh 7,25). “Si ngaha twavuga ukuri, ko uri umunyasamariya kandi ko wahanzweho na roho mbi (…) nibwo bafashe amabuye yo kumutera, Yezu arihisha, nuko ava mu Ngoro” (Yh 8,48.59). Aho n’ahandi henshi herekana uburyo yatotejwe n’abo yaje gucungura.
2.Abemeye kumukurikiza, bazatotezwa
Bavandimwe, Iyo twumva uko yabuzwaga amajyo n’abo yaje gucungura, kandi yanababaza icyo bamunenga mu byo akora, aho kumusubiza, bakarigata mu bihanga cyangwa bagakanja amanwa, nta wabonaga ikirego amurega gifatika, uretse gusa kuba batamwishimiye nka rubanda rwamubyiganagaho rushaka kumwumva, ni integuza y’uko n’ubwo twagira ubushake n’ibikorwa by’indashyikirwa, abemeye kumukurikira bazahura n’ababatoteza, abatabacira akari urutega cyangwa abatabumva, ndetse ko hari n’abatazatinya gusesa amaraso yabo ari byo kubica cyangwa kubafunga.
3.Uzahitamo kuba uw’isi, we aziberaho!
Akomeza atubwira impamvu y’ibyo byose. Ni uko tutari ab’isi, iyo tuba bo isi yagagukunze ikiri icyayo. Iyo kandi atubwira isi, ni ukuvuga igice cy’abantu usanga baratwawe no kwihugiraho no kurondera inyungu zabo gusa, abatwawe n’urwango, ishyari n’ubucabiranya, kuba nyamwigendaho no kuvangura uwo utishimiye, uwo mudahuje imyumvire n’imibonere y’ibintu tutibagiwe irari ryo gushaka ubukungu bw’ibintu n’ubutunzi ku nabi no ku neza. Nyamara bibagiwe ko tuza kuri iyi si ntacyo dupfumbase kizaturamira, tukanayivaho ntacyo twitwajeho impamba mu byo twaruhiye.
Iyo si itifitemo urukundo, ni yo yabujije amajyo YEZU, birangira imumanitse ku giti cy’umusaraba, ariko batazi ko urwo rupfu bamwishe ari rwo ruzabera abamwemera inzira y’umukiro. Kuko rutazamuherana ahubwo uko yabivuze azazuka, ni uko guhera ubwo rukaba inzira n’umuryango bitwinjiza mu ngoma y’Imana, twahishuriwe na Yezu ubwe, Umwana w’Imana nzima.
Dukwiye kwibaza kandi tukazirikana impamvu yavuze ko, ibyo byose bizadushyikaho mu rugendo rwacu ko nta yindi nkomoko, uretse kutuziza izina rye, ku mpamvu yo kutamenya Uwamutumye. Umukirisitu wese ni undi Yezu Kirisitu. Kubera iyo impamvu, imbere y’ibyo buri wese azahura na byo mu butumwa bwe, ajye cyangwa tujye twibuka kugenza nk’uwo dukurikiye, kugenza nka yezu. Ari byo kumvira Imana kuruta abantu, guharanira icyitwa icyiza no kugikora, kwirinda guca imanza no guciraho iteka abandi. Kwirinda ko inabi yiturwa iyindi. Ahubwo urukundo, ineza, ubupfura, ubuntu n’ubumuntu bikaba ari byo biranga ubuzima bwacu. Ibyo kandi tukabikora tutagambiriye gushimwa n’abantu cyangwa guharanira kuvugwa ibigwi ku karubanda ahubwo tukabikora kubera ikuzo ry’Imana n’umukiro w’abantu bose.
4.Aba Yezu barahura bakajya inama
Mu isomo rya mbere, twahabonye urugero rwakagombye kuranga imibereho yacu. Kubera ko bigoye kumva no kubona ibintu kimwe, ni ngomwa ko twebwe abayoboke ba Yezu twitoza guhura tukajya inama, turebera hamwe imyitwarire ikwiye kuturanga nk’abana b’Umubyeyi umwe. Mu kwamamaza Inkuru Nziza ya Yezu havutse ikibazo cy’igenywa. Bamwe bati ni ngombwa ko bikorwa na bose, abandi bati oya. Byabaye ngombwa ko haba inama yo gukemura izo mpaka. Pawulo na Barinaba, basanga intumwa Petero, Yohani na Yakobo i Yeruzalemu, nuko bemeza ko hagomba kwigishwa ibi: mwirinde kurya inyama zatuwe ibigirwamana n’amaraso, inyama z’inyamaswa zanizwe n’ubukozi bw’ibibi. Uretse ayo mabwiriza, hatowe n’abavandimwe b’Imena ari bo: Silasi na Yuda bitaga Barisaba, bakazabafasha kugenda bayasobanura aho Roho Mutagatifu azabohereza hose. Nuko Pawulo na bagenzi be bajyana Inkuru Nziza aho Roho wa Yezu ababwirije hose.
Bavandimwe tugarutse muri ibi bihe turimo, ndetse duhereye no ku ntumwa za Yezu, tugenda tubona ko abakirisitu batotejwe, bakabuzwa uburyo, bagafungwa kandi bakanicwa, bazira kwemera kuba abahamya b’urupfu n’izuka bya Yezu. Ibanga ryo kudacika intege kuri ubwo butumwa nta rindi ni uguhora tuzirikana ko niba twiyemeje kumukurikira tuzagenzerezwa nk’uko bamugenjereje kandi ko byarangiye yegukanye umutsindo udasubirwaho.
5.Amizero y’ubuzima butazima
Igihe cyose rero, Inkuru ya Yezu Kirisitu, izahora ari Inkuru Nziza itanga amizero ikageza ku buzima butazima ari bwo ubugingo bw’iteka, ariko ko mbere y’ ibyo Uwemeye kuba umuyoboke we azahora yamagana, ikibi aho cyava hose maze akimakaza urukundo, ineza, ubutabera n’amahoro. Akigisha ineza, ubupfura, ubuntu n’ubumuntu. Amina.
Padiri Anselimi MUSAFIRI


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Inyigisho yo ku wa mbere w’Icyumweru cya 25 Gisanzwe, Umwaka A
Ku ya 22 Nzeli 2014
Amasomo: Imigani 3, 27-34: “Uhoraho yanga abagome, agakunda ab’indakemwa”
Zaburi14, 1ª.2, 3bc-4ab, 4d-5: Uw’intungane niwe uzatura iwawe Nyagasani!
Ivanjili: Lk 8, 16-18: Abari imbere muri Kiliziya nibamurike, abantu babone uko binjira.
Bavandimwe, amasomo matagatifu ya none, aratureba twe by’umwihariko ababatijwe, abarimo imbere muri Kiliziya. Aradushishikariza guhamya uwo twemeye no gutanga urugero rwiza. Kenshi na kenshi, imyitwarire mibi y’abakristu, cyane cyane abakristu bahagarariye abandi, abo twita abashumba ba Kilizya, igusha benshi. N’ubwo ari Nyagasani wenyine utunganye, Kiliziya idusaba guharanira ubutungane, kugira ngo dukize roho zacu n’iza bagenzi bacu.
Buri wese ajye yibaza ibi bibazo bikurikira: Ese koko mu bo mbereyeho, mu bo nshinzwe nka Papa, nka Musenyeri, nka Padri, nka Muganga, nka Mwarimu, nka Gitifu, nka Papa kanaka, nka Mama kanaka, nk’umujeni kanaka (uzuzamo uwo uri we…), hari abifuza kubaho nkanjye? Aho si ndi ikibazo n’urukozasoni mubo mbereyeho? Ubu hadutse ijambo ngo kugira indoto, ni ukuvuga gutekereza icyo wazaba cyo ejo hazaza. Ibaze: Ese koko abakiri bato cyangwa abapagani n’abandi batitabira iby’ubukristu, mberera imbuto nziza z’urukundo ku buryo bararikira kubaho nkanjye wenda bakabibuzwa no gufata icyemezo kidakuka? Aho ntihari abo imibereho yanjye yangisha Kiliziya n’ubukristu kuko babona ko kwitwa umukristu bitambuza ubusambanyi, ubuhabara, ubwomanzi, gusenga ibigirwamana,kuroga, kwangana, ishyari, uburakari,kwikuza, amazimwe, amakimbirane, inzika,ubusinzi,ubusambo, imanza z’amahugu, gushinja ibinyoma, guceceka ukuri nzi neza…n’ibindi nk’ibyo (Ga5, 20)!
Uhoraho aratuburira kandi aduhamagarira guhinduka by’umwihariko twe abarimo imbere (muri Kiliziya). Guhinduka ntibisaba gusa imbaraga za muntu! Uhoraho ni we Rumuri. Tuzamurikira abandi nitwemera kwakira buri gihe urumuri rwa Kristu. Iyo twihaye kumurikira abantu nurumuri cyangwa imigabo n’imigambi twibyajemo, turabayobya! Aha niho hava kwikuza, kwigamba no kwiyitirira ibikorwa b’Imana. Twige koroshya maze urumuri rwa Kristu abe arirwo tumurikishiriza abandi. Imibereho y’abakristu nitange ikaze ku bari hanze ya Kiliziya, baze iwacu kwa Data bisanga. Ibi bizatuma umuryango w’Imana ugwira kandi na nyirubwite azagororerwe gutura iteka ku Musozi Mutagatifu w’Imana (Ijuru). Isomo rya mbere riti: Ntugatindiganye kugirira neza ubikeneye kandi ubishoboye. Mukristu, zirikana ko nta neza ibaho isumbye guha abandi Yezu Kristu! Tanga Yezu Kristu mu mibereho yawe yose, uraba utanze impano nyayo: UBUGINGO BUDASHIRA.
Yezu akuzwe kandi ingoma ye yogere hose.
Padiri Théophile NIYONSENGA


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Abafite ubumuga bw’ubugufi bukabije ntibabasha kugera ahagenewe gukarabira intoki n’amazi meza n’isabune kuko habasumba,ibibabera imbogamizi zo kubahiriza amabwiriza yo kwirinda covid-19.
Abagenzi batega imodoka mu buryo bwa rusange, na bo bari mu bagomba kubahiriza amabwiriza yo gukumira icyorezo cya covid-19, arimo gukaraba intoki n’amazi meza n’isabune, bikorerwa ahabugenewe hubatswe mu bice bitandukanye by’igihugu hasanzwe hahurira abantu benshi.
Hamwe muri aho hubatswe aho gukarabira intoki hano mu mujyi wa Kigali, ni mu kigo abagenzi bategeramo imodoka, ziganjemo izijya mu ntara ahazwi nka Gare ya Nyabugogo. Muri iyi gare, aho gukarabira hubatswe aho kwinjirira n’aho gusohokera. Mbere yo kuhinjira, ku muryango buri muntu, umuto n’umukuru, yaba agenda n’amaguru cyangwa n’imodoka, ategetswe kubanza gukaraba intoki n’amazi meza n’isabune, mu rwego rwo kubahiriza amabwiriza yo kwirinda covid-19.
Uburebure bwaho ntibworohereza bamwe mu bantu bafite ubumuga bw’ubugufi bukabije, ndetse n’abana bato kuhagera ngo bakarabe amazi n’isabune. Abana bato bari munsi y’imyaka 10 batahashyikira bisaba kubaterura bakikarabya, mu gihe abafite ubumuga bw’ubugufi bukabije bo hari ubwo bahabwa umuti wo kwihanagura uzwi nka hand sanitizer mu rurimi rw’icyongereza. NTIRENGANYA Jean de Dieu afite ubumuga bw’ubugufi bukabije. Avuga ko kuba aho gukarabira harubatswe hakigizwa hejuru, ari imbogamizi kuri we kuko bimukumira mu kubahiriza amabwiriza yo kwirinda covid-19. Agira ati”urabona hariya bakarabira, ntabwo mpagera,kandi iyo ngiye kwinjira kugira ngo njye muri gare, nca kuri aya marembo, kugira ngo ninjire; ngomba gutegereza umuntu uri bunkarabye.”
Nubwo aho kwinjirira muri gare ya Nyabugogo hubatswe higijwe hejuru, aho gusohokera iruhande rwa agence ya volcano, ho hasa n’ahigiye hepfo ho gato; ibyo NTIRENGANYA Jean de Dieu, akomeza avuga ko na bwo hatamworohera kugera ku mazi n’isabune; akifuza ko abafite ubu bumuga batekerezwaho bakajya bashyirirwaho ahantu hagufi. Ati” na ho ntabwo ari aha buri twese. Na bwo haracyari harehare cyane. Nifuzaga yuko na hano, bashyiraho akandi kantu hagufi ko kujya abantu bakarabiramo, gatoya ku buryo kareshya na buri wese. Ku buryo na wa wundi ugenda areshya gutya… (yerekana munsi ye gato) na we yakaraba”. Muri iyi gare nubwo hari ahubatswe ahagufi, hari abafite ubumuga bw’ubugufi bukabije bavuga ko aho na ho hataborohereza gukaraba.
Emile VUNINGABO ushinzwe gahunda yo kuzamura imibereho y’abafite ubumuga mu ihuriro nyarwanda ry’abafite ubumuga (NUDOR), asaba ko abubaka aho gukarabira intoki bajya babikora babanje kumva ibitekerezo by’abafite ubumuga, kugira ngo bamwe batabifata nkaho birengagijwe. Agira ati” abari kubaka ubu ngubu, ni byiza ko babyitaho. Bifashishe abantu bafite ubwo bumuga, babahe ubunararibonye bwabo ku buryo bashobora kubaha ibipimo (mesures) bakurikiza kugira ngo wa muntu na we azakarabe neza abashe kuba yakwirinda.”
Umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa w’inama y’igihugu y’abafite ubumuga (NCPD), Emmanuel NDAYISABA, we avuga ko iki kibazo mu ntara cyakemutse ahubwo gisigaye mu mujyi wa Kigali. Yizeza ko agiye gukorana n’ubuyobozi bw’uyu mujyi kugira ngo aho gukarabira hose hubakwe. Agira ati “nahagera nkareba, noneho nkabona gutanga inama ku mujyi wa Kigali, kugira ngo babikosore. Kuko ugiye no muri gare I Remera,Kimironko ku isoko no kuri gare,na ho ntabwo byubahirije, uburenganzira bw’abantu bafite ubumuga.”
Bamwe mu bafite ubumuga bw’ubugufi bukabije bo mu mujyi wa Kigali, bavuga ko ubwo gahunda ya guma mu rugo yoroshywaga, basabye ko ahagenewe gukarabira intoki hakwegerezwa ahaborohereza gukaraba. Muri gare ya Nyabugogo aho byakosowe, ngo ntibyakosowe ku marembo yose, kuko nk’iyo bururutse mu modoka ku marembo yinjirirwamo yegereye agence ya Horizon, ngo bibasaba kuzenguruka kugira ngo bakarabire ahagenewe gukarabira intoki bashyikira. Bakaba basaba ko mu gihe byakosorwa, bagishwa inama kugira ngo batange urugero rwaho bashobora gushyikira.
UMUHOZA Nadine


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Umuhanzi Ndayizeye Emmanuel ukoresha izina rya Nick Dimpoz mu muziki, yasohoye amashusho y’indirimbo nshya yise “Urwakera”, yitsa ku bari mu rukundo bibutsanya ibihe by’umunezero byaranze urukundo rw’abo.
Nick Dimpoz azwi cyane mu filime y’Uruhererekane ya ‘City Maid’ itambuka kuri Televiziyo y’u Rwanda. Urugendo rwe rwo gukina filime anarufatanya no kubyina mu Itorero Intayoberana no gukora indirimbo zitandukanye.
Azwi cyane mu ndirimbo nka ‘Washa Moto’, ‘Uzaba umbwira’, ‘Vitamin’ na ‘Ndagukumbuye’. Yabwiye INYARWANDA, ko iyi ndirimbo nshya yise “Urwakera” yayitekerejeho ayandika yishyize mu mwanya w’abakundana baba biyibutsa ibihe byiza bagiranye.
Anavuga ariko ko n’abatakiri kumwe bashobora kuyifashisha bibutsanya ibihe byaranze urukundo rwabo. Akomeza avuga ko iyi ndirimbo yayituye abantu bose bakundana ‘Urwakera’ bakiyibutsa ‘agakeregeshwa’ karanzwe urukundo rwabo.
Ati “Urwakera’ ni indirimbo nahimbiye abantu bakundana, ababana cyangwa se abakumburanye bibukiranye ‘Urwakera’. Bya bihe byiza babanagamo. Kwibukiranya uko byabaga bimeze naririmbye ku rukundo abakundana bakumbura mbese ibihe byiza bagiranye mu rukundo rwabo,”
Yavuze ko hari abakumbura ibihe byabo bagishyingiranwa abandi bagakumbura ibihe byaranze ubushuti bwabo n’ibindi. Muri iyi ndirimbo, uyu muhanzi aririmba agira ati “Ongera undebe iry’ubutesi ungwe mu gituza wumve uko umutima utera.”
Mu mashusho y’iyi ndirimbo uyu muhanzi yakoresheje abasore n’abakobwa babyina imbyino gakondo nyafurika n’igishakamba kivanze. Igishakamba ni imbyino yo mu Mutara akenshi bakunda kubyina basa n’abahingana mu bijyanye n’ubutunzi.
Ni mu butunzi bujyanye n’inka, amashyo n’ibindi. Buri wese uko ateze amaboko abyina baba bafite uko babibara, umwe akaba yatega akavuga afite ‘mfite izi’ n’undi nawe bikaba uko. Uko batega amaboko ni ko baba bavuga inka buri wese afite. Ni imbyino ishingiye ku bantua bafite inka
Amashusho yayo yafatiwe i Muhanga na Mereneza ku giti cy’Umwami.
Nick Dimpoz yasohoye amashusho y'indirimbo nshya yise 'Urwakera' y'abibutsa ibihe byiza by'urukundo rwabo


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Eric Habimana
Bamwe mu batuye mu Murenge wa Shyogwe, Akagari ka Mubuga ,Umudugudu wa Nyarucyamu mu Karere ka Muhanga, barashinja ubuyobozi bw’umudugudu kuba ari bwo nyiri abayazana wo kuba hari abaturage bakubitwa, kubera ko baba batanze amakuru y’abacuruza ibiyobyabwenge, ibintu banongeraho ko ubuyobozi buhishira abanyabyaha barimo n’abacuruza ibiyobyabwenge, bagahungabanya umutekano w’abatuye ako kagari.
Abo baturage bavuga ko ubuyobozi bw’Umudugudu ari bwo nyiri abayazana yo kuba kakigaragaramo abahungabanya umutekano, ibintu bahera ku kuba bufatanya n’inzego zishinzwe gucunga umutekano zizwi ku izina ry’abanyerondo bagakubita abaturage, bitewe nuko baba batanze amakuru kubacuruza ibiyobyabwenge.
Bati “birakabije kubona Umudugudu akubwira ngo va aha hantu simpagushaka, ukabona mutekano araje agusanze ahantu agafata inkoni akagukubita utazi n’ikosa wakoze rituma agukubita, byanabaye ngombwa ko twishyira hamwe turandika dusaba ko twarenganurwa, turemera tugakubitwa kuko ni umuyobozi, kandi ntabwo umuntu yagukubita ngo umusubize ari numuyobozi, baraza bakaguhagurutsa mu nama ngo taha, kuko utanga ibitekerezo bibanenga ,turasaba ko twarenganurwa”.
Kayitare Jaqueline Umuyobozi w’Akarere ka Muhanga, aganira n’umunyamakuru wa ‘‘Millecollinesinfos.com’’, avuga ko bitagakwiye kubona umuntu ushinzwe gucungira abaturage umutekano ariwe uri kuwuhungubanya, aho akomeza avuga ko abo bizagaragaraho bagomba gukurikiranwa n’amategeko bagahanwa.
Ntabwo ari ubwa mbere muri uwo Murenge wa Shyogwe abaturage bakemanze ubushobozi bw’abanyerondo, kuko nko mu mwaka wa 2018, mu ijoro ryo ku wa kabiri tariki ya 10 Nyakanga 2020, abantu bitwaje intwaro gakondo batemye abantu bane mu Murenge wa Shyogwe mu Kagari ka Ruri mu Mudugudu wa Murambi, barabakomeretsa, aho batungaga urutoki abanyerondo ko nta bushobozi bafite bwo gucunga umutekano w’abatuye uwo murenge.


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Umunara CNC ibikoresho byuzuye byo gutunganya
Ibicuruzwa birambuye
Ibicuruzwa
Ibisobanuro ku bicuruzwa
Umurongo wo gucukura ibyuma bya CNC ni ubwoko bwibikoresho byo gutunganya umunara wicyuma bikoreshwa mugukora iminara yicyuma mungufu zoguhindura amashanyarazi no guhindura no gutumanaho.Irashobora kandi gukoreshwa mugushiraho kashe, gucukura no gukata ibice byibyuma byinganda mubikorwa byubwubatsi, gari ya moshi nubwubatsi bwikiraro.Yitwa kandi CNC angana ibyuma bifatanyiriza hamwe kuberako ishobora guhuriza hamwe imirimo yo gutera kashe, gucukura no gukata.Mu bikoresho byo gutunganya umunara wicyuma, hari uburyo bubiri bwingenzi bwo gutunganya bukoreshwa mugikorwa cyo gukora umwobo, bumwe burimo gukubita, ubundi burimo gucukura, ibyo bikaba bitandukanye n’umurongo w’ibicuruzwa bya CNC inguni, ubusanzwe byitwa no gucukura ibyuma bya CNC umurongo wo kubyaza umusaruro.
Ibiranga imashini
1. Umurongo wo gucukura ibyuma bya CNC ufite ibyuma byigenga byigenga bya hydraulic na sisitemu ya CNC, kandi bigenzura kugenzura.Mugihe kimwe, kugirango byoroherezwe guhindura imiterere yabashitsi nibindi bice, ifite kandi ibikorwa byo kwegereza ubuyobozi abaturage igice.
2. Imashini nyamukuru yumurongo wibyuma bya CNC inguni ikoresha uburyo bwo guhuza ibyuma.Ingano ntoya, uburemere bworoshye no gukomera.Sisitemu ya hydraulic igenzura urujya n'uruza rwa buri gice binyuze mu guhinduranya valve ya solenoid, hamwe nuburyo bworoshye kandi bukoreshwa neza.
3. Umurongo wo gukora inguni zinguni zifite ibice bibiri byo gucukura, naho ibice byo gucukura kuruhande rumwe bifite ibyuma bitatu byo gucukura bipfa.
4. Ikimenyetso cyerekana ibikoresho bine byamatsinda asimburwa nijambo, kandi ubwoko bune bwibikorwa bishobora gutunganyirizwa icyarimwe.
5. Hariho amashoka atatu ya CNC servo, arikose arangije guhinduranya intera yumwobo wicyuma cyinguni hamwe na kwasi-intera yimpande zombi, kandi imyanya ihagaze neza ni ndende.
6. Gukoresha ibirango bizwi kwisi yose kubice bya hydraulic, ibice bya pneumatike nibikoresho byamashanyarazi bituma imikorere yigihe kirekire kandi yizewe ya sisitemu.
7. Imibare igenzura ingero zicyuma zicukura zifite umurongo uhagaze neza muburyo bwerekezo.Igice cyo kugaburira gifite ibikoresho byihariye byo gupima kodegisi, ikoreshwa mugusubiza ibitekerezo byukuri bya trolley yo kugaburira no kwishyura no gukosora ikosa ryumwanya mugihe nyacyo, bikora sisitemu yo kugenzura ifunze.
Parameter
1. Sisitemu yo kugenzura imibare ikoreshwa mumurongo wibyuma byo gucukura ibyuma ntibimenya gusa kugenzura imibare mubyerekezo birebire byicyuma cyinguni kugirango harebwe intera y’imyobo, ariko kandi ifata igenzura ryimibare kumababa abiri yicyuma, gutahura ibice byinshi byo gucukura amababa abiri yicyuma.
2. Iboneza bisanzwe byiyi CNC inguni yicyuma cyo gucukura ntabwo ikubiyemo igice cyogosha, ariko igice cyogosha impande ebyiri gishobora kugurwa ukundi.
3. Porogaramu yifashishije porogaramu igenzura mudasobwa ifite imikorere yuzuye kandi iroroshye muri gahunda, gucunga no gusuzuma amakosa.
4. Menya gucukura amoko menshi hamwe na aperture nyinshi.Irashobora kuba yujuje ibyangombwa byo gutunganya ibyuma byinguni bifite ubugari butarenze 250mm bisabwa nubwoko butandukanye bwiminara yicyuma.Ugereranije nubuhanga gakondo bwo gutunganya ibyuma, gukoresha ibikoresho byo gutunganya umunara wa CNC birashobora kugabanya cyane ubukana bwabakozi, kugabanya amasaha yakazi yingoboka, no kunoza imikorere muri rusange no gutunganya neza.
5. Kugenzura ibirwanisho byoroshye kugirango ukurikirane imikorere yimashini igihe icyo aricyo cyose.Mugihe habaye ikosa, ecran izerekana impamvu irambuye hamwe nuburyo bwo kuvura amakosa, bigatuma gusuzuma amakosa no gufata neza ibikoresho byoroha kandi byihuse, kandi bikiza cyane igihe cyo kubungabunga igihe.
6. Kumenya imiyoboro ihuza ibikoresho byumusaruro hamwe na ERP, kunoza imikorere yibikoresho, gushimangira imiyoborere nubugenzuzi bwibikoresho, kandi birashobora kongera cyangwa kugabanya imirimo itandukanye ukurikije ibisabwa nubuyobozi bwuruganda rukoresha.


text:
Inyandiko yo kwemera kugira uruhare mu bushakashatsi ku igerageza rikorwa mu rwego rw’ubuvuzi
Iyi nyandiko yo kwemera kugira uruhare mu bushakashatsi nta gahato igenewe abagore batwite bajya kwisumisha kuri bimwe mu bitaro byatoranijwe mu Rwanda; tukaba twifuza ko abo bagore bagira uruhare mu bushakashatsi turimo dukora ku mikorere y’imashini ikoranye ubwenge ku buryo itanga amakuru ako kanya yerekana uko umutima w’umwana ukiri mu nda ya nyina uba urimo utera (ni uburyo buzwi nka CTG) hagamijwe kunoza serivisi zo gufasha umugore uri ku nda no mu gihe cyo kubyara.
Wowe watoranijwe nk’umwe mu bashobora kugira uruhare muri ubu bushakashatsi kubera ko bigaragara ko ufite ubuzima bwiza ukaba udatwise impanga kandi byibura ugejeje ku myaka 18.
Ubu bushakashatsi bwemewe na Komite ishinzwe uburenganzira bw’abakorerwaho ubushakashatsi. Ikindi kandi ni uko iri gerageza rizakorwa hubahijwe ibikubiye mu Masezerano ya Helsinki ndese no ku mabwiriza arebana n’ ibikorwa biboneye mu by’ubuvuzi. Umuganga uzakora ubu bushakashatsi azahembwa n’umuterankunga kugira ngo akore iri gerageza mu rwego rw’ubuvuzi.
Intego z’ubushakashatsi
Ubu bushakashatsi bugamije gusobanukirwa neza n’imikorere yihariye y’imashini yo mu rwego rwa CTG iherutse gukorwa mu minsi ya vuba na Spiker Ltd. Iyi mashini nshyashya ikoze mu buryo bugezweho ikaba ikoresha ubwenge bumeze nk’ubw’umuntu ku buryo ikora isesengura ry’ibizami bya CTG ako kanya ikimara kwakira amakuru ikeneye gusesengura nta mwanya na muo unyuzemo. Ni imashini kandi inoza imisobanukirwe y’amashusho atangwa n’ubu buryo bwa CTG igahita iha amakuru abakora ibikorwa by’ubuvuzi ku birebana n’uko ubuzima bw’umwana uri mu nda ya nyina buhagaze.
Kwitabira ubushakashatsi no guhakarika umuntu akabuvamo
Kwitabira ubu bushakashatsi bikorwa ni ku bwende bwawe nta gahato na gake karimo. Mu gihe waba wemeye kugira uruhare muri ubu bushakashatsi, ushobora guhagarika ukabuvamo igihe icyo ari cyo cyose kandi nta bihano cyangwa ingaruka iyo ari yo yose byakugiraho. Mu gihe kandi waba uhisemo kutagira uruhare muri ubu bushakashatsi kuri iri gerageza rizaba rikorwa, nta ngaruka byakugiraho ku birebana n’uburyo usanzwe witabwaho n’ibitaro ubwo bushakashatsi buzaba bubemeramo.
Uhagarariye ubushakashatsi ndetse n’itsinda bakorana muri ubu bushakashatsi kandi ntabwo bashobora gutuma uburenganzira bwawe mu kwivuza ndetse no ku kubona izindi serivisi usanzwe wemerewe buhungabana.
Uko ubushakashatsi buzakorwa
Imashini yihariye yakozwe na Spiker Ltd izashyirwa mu bitaro bizaba bikorerwamo igeregeza noneho abakozi bakora mu by’ubuzima bayikoreshe bubahiriza amategeko n’amabwiriza asanzwe akurikizwa mu bitaro ku birebana no gukoresha uburyo bwa CTG mu gihe umugore atwite no mu gihe ari ku nda. Uburyo bwa CTG buzifashishwa bufatira icyarimwe amakuru arebana n’uburyo umutima w’umwana uri mu nda ugenda utera (FHR) ndetse n’uburyo ibise biza. Ya mashini ya CTG muri ako kanya izaba isesengura amakuru yakiriye ari nako itanga amakuru arebana n’imiterere y’ubuzima bw’umwana uri mu nda. Muri gahunda z’iri gerageza rikorwa muri ubu bushakashatsi, Itsinda ry’Abaganga mu Buyapani ryitwa ‘Mother Key Medical Group’ rizaba ririmo rireba imikorere ya ya mashini bifashishije iya kure.
Ingaruka n’Ibindi byabangamira umuntu muri ubu bushakashatsi
Ntabwo hari ikintu gishobora kubangamira umuntu giteganywa ko cyaterwa n’igerageza mu by’ubuvuzi rizakorwa muri ubu bushakashatsi, bivuze ko nta ngaruka zigaragara ubushakashatsi bwateza ababwitabiriye. Hari ukubangamirwa ariko kuri ku gipimo cyo hasi cyane gushobora guterwa n’ikoreshwa risanzwe ry’ubu buryo bwa CTG mu gihe bagushyize kun da ibikoresho bituma hagaragara uko ubuzima mu nda buhagaze ndetse n’imikandara yifashishwa.
Mu gihe ubu bushakashatsi burimo bukorwa waba ubonye ikintu kidasanzwe kikubayeho, ugomba guhita umenyesha umuganga uzaba ukora ubu bushakashatsi; bishobora kuba nk’ikintu cyagukomeretsa cyangwa ikindi kibazo waba uketse ko gifitanye isano n’ibyaba bigukorerwaho. Uko ubuzima bwawe busanzwe bumeze bishobora gukomeza bityo ariko hari ubwo habaho impinduka. Mu rwego rw’ubushakashatsi nk’ubu, hari ubwo hashobora kuba hari ikibazo cyaba ku babukorerwa ariko wenda kikaba kitari cyamenyekana. Tuzakomeza kugenda tuguha amakuru ku kintu cyose cy’ingenzi gishobora kugira ingaruka iyi n’iyi ku migendekere y’ubu bushakashatsi.
Ubwishingizi
Umuterankunga w’ubu bushakashatsi yiyemeje kwishyura amafaranga yose ya ngombwa yo kwivuza mu gihe haba habaye impanuka cyangwa ikindi kibazo cyaba gishingiye ku buryo butaziguye ku kuba umuntu yaritabiriye ubu bushakashatsi ku igeregeza mu by’ubuvuzi. Mu buryo rusange, umuterankunga cyangwa umwishingizi mu by’ubuzima yishyura ikigomba gusimbura cyangwa kujya mu cyimbo cy’ibyabaye bidasabye ko wowe ugombye kwerekana ikosa ryabaye bikaba byateye ingorane iyi n’iyi biturutse ku buryo butaziguye ku gukora iri gerageza cyangwa mu bundi buryo bwakoreshejwe hubarijwe ibigenwa muri ubu bushakashatsi. Ariko na none, umuterankunga ntabwo azabazwa ikintu wabura, ikibazo cyangwa ingorane wahura nazo biturutse ku bintu bikurikira: Ikibazo wahura nacyo utubahirije uko ubushakashatsi bugennye cyangwa guhura n’ikindi kibazo biturutse ku burangare bwawe bwite.
Inyungu
Nta kintu wasezeranywa ko cyaba inyungu yawe bwite uzavana mu kugira uruhare muri ubu bushakashatsi ku igerageza mu by’ubuvuzi. Ariko nubwo bitameze gutyo, kugira uruhare rwawe muri ubu bushakashatsi bishobora kuzafasha gukora imashini ikoresha uburyo bwa CTG yazafasha kugabanya impfu zishingiye ku ngorane zigendanye no kubyara.
Kubika ibanga
Inyandiko zose zigaragaza umwirondoro wawe zizabikwa mu buryo bw’ibanga rikomeye cyane kandi ntabwo zishobora gushyirwa ku karubanda. Umuganga ndetse n’itsinda ry’abashakashatsi bazifashisha amakuru akureba ku birebana n’ubushakashatsi gusa. Abahagarariye Ikigo cy’igihugu Gishinzwe imiti n’ibiribwa (FDA) ndetse n’abahagarariye Komite ishinzwe uburenganzira bw’abakorerwaho ubushakashatsi mu Rwanda (RNEC) bashobora gukenera kureba ku makuru y’abakorerwaho ubushakashatsi. Kubera iyo mpamvu bashobora gukoresha izina ryawe, ariko amategeko abategeka kubika ibanga no kutagira undi muntu babwira umwirondoro wawe.
Igihembo, ibyishyurwa n’ibindi bisaba amafaranga
Nta mushahara uzahabwa kubera ko wagize uruhare muri ubu bushakashatsi. Umuterankunga azishyura ikiguzi gisabwa ku byagukoreweho mu bushakashatsi, ndetse n’ibindi bizami byiyongeraho kimwe no ku bindi bikurikizwa muri ubu bushakashatsi. Byaba wowe cyangwa umwishingizi wawe mu by’ubuzima nta n’umwe uzasabwa kubyishyura.
Icyatuma udakomeza kugira uruhare muri ubu bushakashatsi
Kugira uruhare mu bushakashatsi bishobora kurangira kubera impamvu zikurikira:
- Mu gihe udakurikiza amabwiriza atangwa n’umuganga ukora ubushakashatsi
- Mu kutubahiriza icyo ubushakashatsi bugena mu biba biriho bigukorerwaho
- Mu gihe umuganga ukora ubushakashatsi ahisemo guhagarikira aho ku nyungu zawe
- Mu gihe umubare w’abari bateganijwe gukorerwaho ubushakashatsi udahagije cyangwa uwo abari bakenewe wabonetse
- Mu gihe uUmuterankunga cyangwa ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi gihagaritse ubushakashatsi ku mpamvu zidasobanurwa
- Mu gihe umuterankunga aretse itsinda gukorana n’itsinda urimo ku mpamvu zidasobanurwa.
Abo wavugisha ngo bagire icyo bagusobanurira muri ubu bushakashatsi ku igerageza mu rwego rw’ubuvuzi
Ku makuru arebana n’iby’ubuvuzi muri ubu bushakashatsi, wavugisha Dr. Dusingizimana Vincent kuri nimero 078-821-4231. Ku bindi bibazo rusange birebana n’amahame y’ikoreshwa ry’imashini ya CTG ndetse no ku yandi makuru kuri iri gerageza mu by’ubuvuzi, turagusaba ko wavugisha Dr. Kizito Nkurikiyeyezu kuri nimero 078-714-7380. Mu gihe mwaba mufite ibibazo, impungenge cyangwa ikintu mwaba mutishimiye ku burenganzira bwanyu nk’abafite uruhare muri ubu bushakashatsi, mwavugisha Umuyobozi mukuru wa Komite ishinzwe uburenganzira bw’abakorerwaho ubushakashatsi mu Rwanda, Dr. Mazarati (Tel: 0788 309 807) cyangwa Porofeseri David Tumusiime, 07887493948.
Imiterere y’inyandiko yo kwemera kugira uruhare mu bushakashatsi
Mu gihe nshyize umukono kuri iyi nyandiko, ndemeza ko:
- Nasomye inyandiko ikubiyemo amakuru ndetse n’inyandiko yiswe version 1.0 zirebana n’ubu bushakashatsi
- Nahawe umwanya wo kubaza kandi ibisubizo nahawe biraboneye
- Nafashe umwanya wo kuganira n’abandi kuri ayo makuru noneho mbona gufata icyemezo cyo kwemera kugira uruhare muri ubu bushakashatsi cyangwa kubireka
- Nzahabwa inyandiko ivuga ko nemeye kugira uruhare mu bushakashatsi iriho itariki n’umukono
- Nemeye kugira uruhare muri ubu bushakashatsi


text:
umugore yaraye atashye nijoro akinguye chambre asanga umugabo we aryamanye numukozi ahita yumva umubiri uramuriye no mumutwe birikoroze yahise amukingirana yihutira guhamagara ushinzwe umutekano kubwibyago yaje kugera ahantu hadatuwe kugashamba ahasanga abajura2 ntakindi bamubajije bahise bamushyira hasi bamukuramo imyenda ntiyabagora uwambere akora ibye nigihunga kinshi ahita arangiza umugore noneho ajya yakumva arembye arimyoza uwakabiri aratangira we aza arinkumusazi bigeze hagati umugore atangira kumusoma no kumubwira igifransa amushimagura amushima umujura arangije umugore ati urakoze kanisubirere murugo sinzakwibagirwa nturumujura ahubwo uri umukozi umugore yatashye yiruka akingurira umugabo yaruhutse mumutwe aramubwira ati najyaga nkurenganya ariko byabintu nzanze bibamo akarusho ati " ntangare ukuntu SIDA yatwinjiranye" arongera ati nagende yarumusore nuko yiyahuye mubishirira wararuye.
GIRA ICYO UVUGA KURI IYI NKURU. dukureho igitekerezo cyafasha abandi.
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text:
Si benshi bakunze guhabwa umwanya ku mbuga zisanzwe zibonekaho ibitabo kuri Internet.N’ahongaho ubwaho kuhagera,bisaba imbaraga zirenze ubushobozi tutaragira.Ubu rero ndabona abanditsi-Nyarwanda dushonje duhishiwe.
Twizere ko uru rubuga ruzahurirwaho na bose,baba abandika mu Kinyarwanda cyangwa mu ndimi z’amahanga bityo Rwandathèque izahigike bidatinze za Amazon,
Priceminister n’izindi.
Birashoboka ko hari uwakwibaza icyo ibyo bivuze cyangwa bizamumarira ku giti cye bitewe n’uko asanzwe azi abarushinze!Igisubizo ni kimwe:ni nk’icyo izo mbuga zindi zamukoreraga.
Gusa nyine inyungu ni nkeya ku muntu wikundira iby’abanyamahanga.Naho uwo iby’iwabo bitera ishema n’akanyamuneza,inyungu irimo ntigira urugero(sans mesure).
Bizarushaho kuba byiza umusomyi nahasanga igitabo icyo aricyo cyose yifuza,cyaba igitaka ibyiza by’u Rwanda,cyangwa se igitunga agatoki ibyo gukosora kugira ngo mu rwa Gasabo n’isi yose hahore umucyo utagira ikinegu.
Nyarukiraho kuri http://www.rwandatheque.com maze urebe uko bakorohereza inzira zo kugera ku cyifuzo cyawe cyo gusangiza abandi ibitekerezo byawe byanditse. Ngo « biryoha bisangiwe! »
By P.B


text:
Hari kuri uyu wa 08 Werurwe 2021, ku munsi mpuzamahanga wahariwe “Abagore”, ubwo intyoza yasuraga Gahongayire Farida mu Murenge wa Nyamiyaga. Ni Umugore uhamya ko ku munsi wamuhariwe ari umwe mu Bagore banezerewe ku bw’iterambere amaze kugeraho. Avuga ko yatangiye apima “umusururu” ku gishoro cy’ibihumbi 25 by’u Rwanda, ariko nyuma yo gutinyuka gukoraba na SACCO, imitungo ye ayibarira muri Miliyoni 50 z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda.
Gahongayire Farida, afite umugabo ndetse bafitanye abana aho abakuru biga mu mashuri yisumbuye. Batuye mu Mudugudu wa Nyamiyaga, Akagari ka Kidahwe, Umurenge wa Nyamiyaga, Akarere ka Kamonyi, bakaba bakorera ibikorwa byabo mu nzu baguze ahazwi nko muri Arikide.
Ni umugore wabona ukagira ngo ntavuga, ariko umwegereye ni umwe mubakuganiriza ukaba wakwibagirwa aho wajyaga. Yatangiye abwira umunyamakuru wa intyoza.com ati “ Uyu munsi w’Abagore ndumva nkaze nanjye, nakwigurira n’akantu nkakagurira na Boss( avuga umugabo we), n’inshuti yaza itugana”.
Akomeza ati” Uyu munsi ni umunsi udasanzwe kuri njye kubera ko mbere numvaga ndi wa Mudamu utabasha no kugira icyo mvuga, kuko numvaga nta gaciro, nta jambo, kubaho mbese utifite. Mbere narakodeshaga ariko ubu aha hose ureba( aho akorera) ndabikesha SACCO”.
Avuga ko yabashije gukora akiteza imbere abikesheje gutinyuka akaka inguzanyo muri SACCO ya Nyamiyaga, agura ikibanza ku muhanda, abona igishoro gifatika. Ati “ Muri make nanjye ubu muri Nyamiyaga bambara mubakire”. Kandi koko ni ukuri.., akubita agatwenge!.
Gahongayire, avuga ko mbere yari umugore wipimira umusururu agashakisha amaramuko, aho yatangije ibihumbi 25 by’u Rwanda akagura utubegeti nka 5 tw’amasaka akenga umusururu ari naho havaga ubukode n’indi mibereho.
Nyuma ngo Umukozi ukuriye SACCO ya Nyamiyaga( Manager) yaramwegereye, aramuganiriza amubwira ko muri duke abona mu kazi ko gupima umusururu hari uburyo yajya yizigama akazabasha gutera imbere kurusha ho. Yatangiye ubwo, afunguza Konti nyuma y’amezi arenga atatu asaba inguzanyo ya Miliyoni imwe arakora atera indi ntambwe yisumbuye kuyo yariho.
Gushyira amafaranga yose mu mushinga we byamurinze guhomba
Akibona inguzanyo ya Miliyoni imwe, amafaranga avuga ko kuri we yari menshi, yirinze kuyakoraho ngo agire ikindi kitari ukuyashora yose mu mushinga yari yateguye. Yarakoze yishyura neza kandi ku gihe, asaba indi nguzanyo yisumbuye arakora, arishyura, agura ikibaza, azamura inzu ndetse agura n’indi ari nako yongera ibikorwa bye.
Agira ati“ Ubu ndi ku ntambwe inshimishije, mfite aho kuba hanejeje, mfite imikorere numva inejeje, iyo mbaze uko mpagaze, inzu yonyine mfite ntagiye mu yindi mitungo nayibarira amake Miliyoni 20, ariko nshyizemo n’ibindi, amake ni Miliyoni 50, ariko mfite intumbero yo gukomeza gukora ngatera imbere kurushaho nkagera n’ahandi ntashoboraga kugera”.
Gukora kwe, kwegera ikigo cy’imari byazamuye imibereho y’urugo birinda amakimbirane mu muryango
Gahongayire, ahamya ko imibanire mibi mu rugo akenshi ngo ituruka mu mibereho mibi no kuba kenshi mu babana hari umwe udaha undi agaciro, gusangira ubusa n’ibindi. Avuga ko mu gihe abantu babana, umwe ashobora kubona uburyo bw’imibereho bugafasha bombi mu mikorere n’iterambere ry’urugo kuko ngo intera agezeho n’umugabo byose byaturutse mu gishoro cye. Avuga ko yicaye n’umugabo biga uko buri wese yakora kandi bagahuriza hamwe mu kuzigamira urugo n’ahazaza ari nako bajya inama yatuma bagura ibikorwa bibateza imbere.
Mu gitwenge cye, Gahongayire abajijwe ibijyanye na Mituweli na Ejoheza ndetse n’izindi gahunda za Leta zigamije kurushaho gushyira umuturage mu buzima bwiza, yagize ati”…Mituweli byo ndumva ari ibintu byanjye, ni njye wishyura mbere kuko nziko ari ubwisungane mu kwivuza, ariko kandi bikora ku buzima bwanjye n’abanjye. Ejo Heza naho ndimo”.
Gahongayire, avuga ko iyo abona umugore wicaye adakora yumva amubabaje. Uwo abashije kuganira nawe wese, amugira inama yo kutagira akazi asuzugura ngo kuko nubwo kaba kamuzanira igihumbi, iyo akoze neza nubwo yakwizigama ijana rimwe nyuma y’igihe hari icyo yabyaza ubwo bwizigame, gahoro gahoro akazagera kuri byinshi!, ariko ngo ntawe ugera kuri byinshi atabanje ibikeya. Ikibazo ngo kiri ku bumva ko bazashaka gutangirira ku gishoro kinini kandi barananiwe no gucunga igito cyangwa se bagatinya umurimo muto ngo ni uko utabaha byinshi bashaka.
Avuga ku munsi wahariwe “ Abagore”, yagize ati “ Uyu munsi ni mwiza, utuma abagore iyo batinyutse bakegerana bahana inama, bahana ubuhamya bwagira aho buvana umwe bukamugeza ahandi heza. Ni umunsi buri wese akwiye kwisuzuma, akisubiramo akareba icyo amaze gukeraho no kugeza ku muryango we n’abandi, akareba uruhare rwe mu iterambere ry’urugo n’Igihugu, akareba ku mibanire ye, mbese agakosora utunenge tumubuza kujya mbere haba mubyo akora no mu mibereho y’urugo”.
Gahongayire Farida, asaba buri mugore gutinyuka gukora kandi akumva ko ntawe ugera kuri byinshi yananiwe na bike, ko kandi nta kigo cy’imari cyaguha inguzanyo udakora. Avuga ko ka kazi gasuzugurwa, ka kazi uvuga ngo aka si akanjye, ako ngo niko kazakwinjiza mu kigo cy’imari. Ati “ Ushaka gukora wese agatera imbere aratinyuka kandi akamenya ibanga riri mu kwizigama no gukorana n’ibigo by’imari”.
Munyaneza Theogene / intyoza.com


text:
Amasomo y’Igitambo cy’Ukaristiya cyo ku wa Gatatu,16 Mutarama 2019
by admin
Umutagatifu twizihiza:
- Mariseli
Isomo rya 1: Abahebureyi 2,14-18
None rero, ubwo abana bafitanye ubumwe bw’amaraso n’umubiri, Yezu na We yasangiye na bo ubwo bumwe kugira ngo mu rupfu rwe atsiratsize umugenga warwo, ari we Sekibi, maze abohore abatinyaga urupfu rubahoza mu bucakara igihe cy’ubuzima bwabo bwose. Koko ntiyaje atabaye abamalayika, ahubwo yaje atabaye inkomoko y’Abrahamu. Kubera iyo mpamvu yagombaga kwishushanya n’abavandimwe be muri byose, akaba Umuherezagitambo Mukuru w’umunyampuhwe, kandi wishyikira ku Mana ngo ahanagure ibyaha by’imbaga. Ubwo We yababaye kandi akageragezwa, ashobora no gutabara abageragezwa.
Zaburi ya 104 (105), 1-2, 3-4, 6-7, 8-9
Alleluya!
Nimushimire Uhoraho, mwambaze izina rye, nimurate ibigwi bye mu yandi mahanga;
nimumuririmbire, mumucurangire,
nimuzirikane ibitangaza yakoze;
nimwishimire izina rye ritagatifu,
muhimbarwe, mwebwe abashakashaka Uhoraho!
Nimugarukire Uhoraho Nyir’ububasha,
mushakashake uruhanga rwe ubudahwema.
Mwebwe, nkomoko ya Abrahamu umugaragu we,
bahungu ba Yakobo, abatoni be!
Ni we Uhoraho, Imana yacu, umugenga w’isi yose.
Ahora yibuka ibyo yasezeranye bidasubirwaho,
ijambo yarahiriye amasekuruza igihumbi, rya sezerano yagiranye na Abrahamu, akarisubiriramo Izaki mu ndahiro.
Ivanjili ya Mutagatifu Mariko 1,29-39
Bakiva mu isengero, bajya kwa Simoni na Andereya, bari kumwe na Yakobo na Yohani. Ubwo rero nyirabukwe wa Simoni yari aryamye, ahinda umuriro. Bahita babwira Yezu iby’uburwayi bwe. Ni ko kumwegera, amufata ukuboko aramuhagurutsa. Nuko umuriro urazima, atangira kubazimanira. Bugorobye, izuba rimaze kurenga, bamuzanira abarwayi bose n’abahanzweho na roho mbi; mbese umugi wose ukoranira imbere y’umuryango. Nuko akiza abarwayi benshi bari bababajwe n’indwara z’amoko menshi, kandi yirukana roho mbi nyinshi, ariko akazibuza kumuvuga, kuko zari zizi uwo ari we. Bukeye bwaho Yezu abyuka mu rukerera, arasohoka, ajya ahantu hiherereye, nuko arasenga. Simoni na bagenzi be bajya kumushakashaka. Bamubonye, baramubwira bati «Rubanda rwose ruragushaka.» We rero arabasubiza ati «Nimucyo tujye ahandi, mu nsisiro za hafi, na ho mpamamaze Inkuru Nziza, kuko ari cyo cyanzanye .» Nuko azenguruka Galileya yose, yamamaza Inkuru Nziza mu masengero yabo, kandi yirukana roho mbi.
Iryo ni Ijambo ry’Imana


text:
Mugihe cyacu cya siyansi kandi cy’abize dukemanga byinshi mu myizerere itari siyanse ibisekuruza byahahise byari bifite. Uku gushidikanya ni ukuri cyane cyane kuri Bibiliya. Benshi muri twe bibaza ku kudakemangwa kwa Bibiliya. Biterwa n’ibyo tuzi kuri Bibiliya. Nyuma y’ibyo, Bibiliya yanditswe hashize imyaka irenga ibihumbi bibiri. Kuri benshi muri ibyo binyejana byinshi nta binyamakuru byacapwe, imashini zifotora cyangwa amasosiyete atangaza byari bihari. Inyandiko rero zandukuwe n’intoki, uko ibisekuruza byagiye bikurikirana, igihe indimi zapfaga n’izindi nshya zikavuka, uko ingoma zahindukaga kandi ibihangange byazamukaga. Kubera ko inyandiko zandikishijwe intoki zimaze igihe kinini zitakaye, twabwirwa n’iki ko ibyo dusoma uyu munsi muri Bibiliya aribyo abanditsi b’umwimerere banditse? Cyangwa Bibiliya yarahinduwe cyangwa yarangiritse, wenda n’abayobozi bo mw’itorero, cyangwa abatambyi n’abihayimana bifuzaga guhindura ubutumwa bwayo kugira ngo bayihuze n’intego zabo?
Amahame ashingirwaho mu kunegura inyandiko.
Mubisanzwe iki kibazo kirahari ku byanditswe kera. Ingengabihe ikurikira irerekana inzira n’uburyo inyandiko zose za kera zabitswe uko ibihe byagiye bisimburana. Irerekana nk’urugero inyandiko ya kera yanditswe muri 500 mbere ya Yesu (iyi tariki yatowe ntakintu gishingiweho). Iyi nyandiko y’umwimerere ariko ntibaho igihe cyose, mbere rero yuko ibora, izimira, cyangwa ikangirika, habanza gukorwa kopi yandikishijwe intoki (kopi ya 1). Icyiciro cy’abantu b’inzobere bita abanditsi bakoze akazi ko gukoporora. Uko imyaka igenda ihita, hagenda hakorwa izindi kopi zivuye kuri ya kopi (kopi ya 2 na kopi ya 3). Igihe kimwe kopi irabikwa kugirango ibe ikiriho n’uyu munsi (kopi ya 3). Mu rugero rwacu iyi kopi iriho yanditswe muri 500 nyuma ya Yesu. Ibi bivuze ko uko dushobora kumenya uko inyandiko yari imeze ari kuva muri 500 nyuma ya Yesu. Kubera iyo mpamvu, igihe cyo kuva muri 500 mbere ya Yesu kugeza 500 nyuma ya Yesu (cyanditswe nka x ku gishushanyo) ni igihe tudashobora gukora igenzura rya kopi kuva inyandiko zose zandikishijwe intoki icyo gihe zarazimiye. Urugero, niba gukoporora amakosa (waba ubishaka cyangwa utabishaka) byabayeho mugihe kopi ya 2 yakozwe muri kopi ya 1,
ntitwashobora kubimenya kuko nta nyandiko nimwe ihari yo kubigereranya. Iki gihe cyabanjirije kopi ziriho ubu (igihe x) rero ni igihe umuntu atamenya neza umwimerere w’ibyanditswe. Kubwibyo, ihame ryakoreshejwe rikemura ibibazo bijyanye no kwizerwa kw’inyandiko ni ukureba uburebure bw’iki gihe. Uko intera iba ngufi (‘x’ ku gishushanyo) niko twita ku kubungabunga neza iyo inyandiko kugeza none, kubera ko igihe gishidikanywaho kigabanuka.
Birumvikana ko mubisanzwe kopi irenze imwe y’inyandiko ibaho uyumunsi. Dufate ko dufite kopi ebyiri zandikishijwe intoki kandi muri buri gice kimwe tukahasanga interuro ikurikira:
Uwanditse inyandiko y’umwimerere yari yanditse kuri Yowani cyangwa kubyerekeye Johani, indi murizi nyandiko harimo ikosa ryo gukoporora. Ikibazo ni, Ni iyihe muri izi ifite ikosa? Uhereye ku nyandiko biragoye cyane kuyimenya.
Noneho tuvuge ko twabonye izindi kopi ebyiri zivuga bimwe, nkuko bigaragara hano:
Noneho biroroshye gukuramo inyandiko ifite ikosa. Birashoboka cyane ko ikosa ryakozwe rimwe, aho kuba ikosa rimwe ryasubiwemo inshuro eshatu, birashoboka rero ko inyandiko # 2 ifite ikosa ryo gukoporora, kandi umwanditsi yandikaga kuri Yawani atari Yohani.
Uru rugero rworoshye rwerekana ihame rya kabiri rikoreshwa mu gusuzuma ubuziranenge bw’inyandiko – Uko inyandiko zihari ziba nyinshi, byoroshya kumenya no gukosora amakosa no gusuzuma ibikubiye mu mwimerere wayo.
Kunegura inyandiko za kera z’abagereki n’abaromani ugereranije n’Isezerano Rishya
Ubu dufite ibipimo bibiri bishingiye ku bimenyetso bikoreshwa mu kumenya ubwizerwe bw’inyandiko za kera: 1) gupima igihe kiri hagati y’ibigize umwimerere na kopi ya mbere, na 2) kubara umubare wa kopi. Kuva ibi bipimo bijyanye n’inyandiko iyo ari yo yose ya kera dushobora gukomeza kubikoresha ku byanditswe byemewe by’amateka, nkuko bigaragara mu mbonerahamwe iri hasi ( 1 ).
* uhereye ku nyandiko iyo ariyo yose.
Aba banditsi bahagarariye abanditsi bakomeye ba kera – inyandiko zagize uruhare mu iterambere ry’imibereho y’iburengerazuba. Ugereranije, twarazwe inyandiko 10-100 zabitswe guhera ku myaka 1000 gusa nyuma yuko izumwimerere zanditswe. Dushyingiye kuri siyansi aya makuru ashobora gufatwa nk’ikigereranyo shingiro k’ubushakashatsi bwacu kuko bugizwe n’amakuru (amateka ya kera na filozofiya) yemerwa kandi akoreshwa n’abashakashatsi na kaminuza ku isi yose.
Imbonerahamwe ikurikira igereranya inyandiko zo mu Isezerano Rishya kuri ibi bipimo (2). Ibi bishobora gufatwa nk’amakuru y’ubushakashatsi twagereranya n’amakuru y’ibipimo, kimwe no mubushakashatsi ubwo aribwo bwose.
Iyi mbonerahamwe ishusho nto gusa ya zimwe mu nyandiko. Umubare w’inyandiko zo mu Isezerano Rishya ni munini cyane ku buryo bidashoboka kuzishyira ku rutonde muri iyi mbonerahamwe. Nkuko intiti imwe (3) imaze imyaka yiga kuri iki kibazo igira iti:
“ Dufite kopi zirenga 24000 MSS z’ibice byo mu Isezerano Rishya ziriho muri iki gihe… Ntayindi nyandiko ya kera ibaho yakwegera iyo mibare n’ubushishozi. Mu kugereranya, ILIAD yanditswe na Homer ni iya kabiri na MSS 643 ikomeje kubaho”
Intiti ikomeye mu nzu ndangamurage y’ubwongereza (4) ishimangira ibi:
“ Impuguke zanyuzwe nuko bafite inyandiko nyayo y’abanditsi bakuru b’Abagereki n’Abaroma … nyamara ubumenyi bwacu kubyo banditse biterwa na MSS nkeya gusa mugihe MSS z’iserano rishya zibarirwa mu… bihumbi”.
Kunegura Isezerano Rishya na Konsitantine
Kandi umubare munini w’izi nyandiko ni iza kera cyane. Mfite igitabo kivuga ku nyandiko za mbere zo mu Isezerano Rishya. Intangiriro yacyo igira iti:
“ Iki gitabo gitanga inyandiko 69 za mbere zo mu Isezerano Rishya zandikishijwe intoki … kuva mu ntangiriro z’ikinyejana cya 2 kugeza ku cya 4 ( 100-300AD ) … irimo 2/3 by’inyandiko zo mu Isezerano rishya” ( 5 )
Ibi ni ngombwa kuva izi nyandiko ari iza mbere y’umwami w’Abaroma Konsitantine ( ca 325 AD ) no kuzamuka kw’ubutegetsi bwa Kiliziya Gatolika byombi rimwe na rimwe bikaba bishinjwa guhindura inyandiko ya Bibiliya. Dushobora rwose gusuzuma iki kibazo tugereranya inyandiko zo kuva mbere ya Konsitantine ( kubera ko tuyifite ) n’izaje nyuma. Iyo tubikoze dusanga ari zimwe. Ubutumwa bw’inyandiko kuva muri 200 nyuma ya Yesu ni kimwe n’izo mu 1200 nyuma ya Yesu. Yaba Kiliziya Gatolika, cyangwa Konsitantine ntibahinduye Bibiliya. Ntabwo ari amagambo yavuzwe n’idini, ahubwo bishingiye gusa ku makuru ya siyansi. Igishushanyo gikurikira cyerekana igihe inyandiko zishingiye ku Isezerano Rishya rya Bibiliya zanditswe.
Ingaruka zo kunegura inyandiko za Bibiliya
None se ni uwuhe mwanzuro twafata? Mubyukuri byibuze mubyo dushobora gupima neza Isezerano Rishya ryagenzurwa kurwego rwo hejuru cyane kuruta izindi nyandiko za kera. Icyemezo gishingiye ku bimenyetso twafata gisobanurwa neza n’ibi bikurikira ( 6 ):
“ Gushidikanya ku nyandiko zanditswe ku Isezerano Rishya ni ukwemerera ibintu byose bya kera gushirwa mu icuraburindi, nta zindi nyandiko zo mu gihe cya kera nazo zerekanwa na bibuliografiya nk’Isezerano Rishya ”
Icyo ibi bivuga nu kugirango kutabusanya, niba duhisemo gushidikanya kubudakemwa ku kubungabunga Bibiliya dukwiye kureka ibyo tuzi byose ku mateka ya kera muri rusange – kandi ibi nta b’anyamateka basobanukiwe bigeze babikora. Tuzi ko inyandiko za Bibiliya zitahinduwe mu bihe, indimi n’ubwami byaje kandi bikagenda kuko kopi z’inyandiko zariho mbere yuko babayeho. Nk’urugero, tuzi ko nta muyobozi w’idini wo mu kinyejana cya mbere washyizwe mu bitangaza bya Yesu muri Bibiliya, kubera ko dufite inyandiko zandikishijwe intoki zabanjirije ibyo mu kinyejana cya 5 hamwe n’ibi byandikishijwe intoki byose byabanjirije itariki nabyo birimo inkuru z’igitangaza cya Yesu.
Naho se mu guhindura Bibiliya mu zindi ndimi?
Ariko twavuga iki ku makosa yakozwe mu guhindura mu zindi ndimi, no kuba muri iki gihe hari verisiyo nyinshi zitandukanye za Bibiliya? Ibi ntibigaragaza ko bidashoboka kumenya neza ibyo abanditsi ba mbere banditse koko?
Ubwa mbere tugomba gukuraho imyumvire ihurirwaho na benshi. Abantu benshi batekereza ko Bibiliya uyu munsi yanyuze murukurikirane rurerure rw’intambwe zo guhindura, buri rurimi rushya ruhindurwa ruva murwarubanjirije, urukurikirane mu buryo nkubu: Ikigereki – > Ikilatini – > Icyongereza cya kera – > Icyongereza cya Shakespeare – > Icyongereza kigezweho – > izindi ndimi zigezweho. Mubyukuri, Bibiliya mu ndimi zose uyumunsi zahinduwe biturutse mururimi rw’umwimerere. Ku Isezerano Rishya ubusobanuro bugenda butya: Ikigereki – > ururimi rugezweho, no mu Isezerano rya Kera ubusobanuro – > ururimi rugezweho. Inyandiko shingiro y’ikigereki n’igiheburayo ni ibisanzwe. Itandukaniro rero muri verisiyo ya Bibiliya rikomoka kuburyo abahanga mu by’indimi bahitamo guhindura interuro mu rurimi basemuramo.
Bitewe n’ubuvanganzo bwagutse bwa kera bwanditswe mu kigereki (ururimi rw’umwimerere rw’Isezerano Rishya), byashobokaga guhindura neza ibitekerezo by’umwimerere n’amagambo y’abanditsi ba mbere. Mubyukuri verisiyo zitandukanye zigezweho zihamya ibi. Nk’urugero, soma uyu murongo uzwi cyane muburyo busanzwe, hanyuma urabona itandukaniro rito mu magambo, ariko guhuriza ku gitekerezo n’ubusobanuro:
(Abaroma 6: 23 muri verisiyo zitandukanye)
Ushobora kubona ko nta kutumvikana hagati y’ubusemuzi – bavuga neza ikintu kimwe bigatandukanywa gusa n’amagambo yakoreshejwe.
Mu ncamake, ntamwanya cyangwa ubusobanuro byangije ibitekerezo byagaragaye mu nyandiko za Bibiliya byahishwe kuri twe uyu munsi. Dushobora kumenya ko Bibiliya uyu munsi ivuga neza ibyo abanditsi banditse icyo gihe. Ni iby’izewe.
Ni ngombwa kumenya icyo ubu bushakashatsi bugaragaza n’ibyo buterekana. Ibi ntibigaragaza ko Bibiliya byanze bikunze ko ari Ijambo ry’Imana. Dushobora kuvuga ko nubwo ibitekerezo by’umwimerere by’abanditsi ba Bibiliya byatugejejweho neza uyu munsi bitagaragaza cyangwa byerekana ko ibyo bitekerezo by’umwimerere byari iby’ukuri kuva mu ntangiriro ( cyangwa ngo bibe bikomoka ku Mana ). Uko niko kuri. Ariko gusobanukirwa buziranenge bwa Bibiliya bitanga intangiriro aho umuntu ashobora gutangira gukora iperereza kuri Bibiliya kugirango arebe niba bimwe muribi bibazo nabyo bishobora gusubizwa, no gusobanukirwa icyo ubutumwa buvuga. Bibiliya ivuga ko ubutumwa bwayo ari umugisha uva ku Mana. Byagenda bite niba hari amahirwe ko ibi ari ukuri? Fata umwanya wo kwiga bimwe mu bintu by’ingenzi bya Bibiliya byasobanuwe kuri uru rubuga.
Byakuwe muri
1.McDowell, J. Evidence That Demands a Verdict. 1979. p. 42-48
2. Comfort, P.W. The Origin of the Bible, 1992. p. 193
3. McDowell, J. Evidence That Demands a Verdict. 1979. p. 40
4. Kenyon, F.G. (former director of British Museum) Our Bible and the Ancient Manuscripts. 1941 p.23
5. Comfort, P.W. “The Text of the Earliest New Testament Greek Manuscripts”. p. 17. 2001
6. Montgomery, History and Christianity. 1971. p.29


text:
Impuguke mu bukungu zagaragaje ko imishinga ihombya Leta, ishobora gutuma igihugu kigorwa no kwishyura imyenda gifitiye amahanga, mugihe haba hadafashwa ingamba.
Ibi izi mpuguke zabigaragaje kuri uyu Gatatu tariki 8 Kamena 2022.
Raporo iherutse gushyikirizwa Inteko Ishinga Amategeko, ku ikoreshwa ry’imari ya Leta mu ngengo y’imari y’umwaka wasojwe tariki 30 Kamena 2021, igaragaza ko amafaranga ya Leta yacunzwe nabi muri uwo mwaka, asaga Miliyari 3 avuye ku yasaga Miliyari eshanu 5 mu mwaka wari wabanje.
Umugenzuzi mukuru w’imari ya Leta Kamuhire Alexis, yatanze impuruza ku mafaranga atarakoreshwa nabi, ariko yerekeza muri uwo murongo, cyane cyane mu mishinga minini bigaragara ko itazarangirira igihe.
Iyo mishinga itanu yatunzwe agatoki ifite agaciro ka miliyari 426.7 Frw, igice kinini cy’aya mafaranga yatanzwe n’abaterankunga.
Mu gusinya izo nkunga cyangwa inguzanyo, Guverinoma y’u Rwanda yiyemeza ko niramuka idakoresheje amafaranga mu gihe cyagenwe, izishyura inyungu z’ubukererwe.
Umugenzuzi Mukuru w’Imari ya Leta Kamuhire Alexis ,yagaragaje ko nihatabaho gutabara ngo isorezwe igihe, Leta ishobora kuzishyura inyungu z’ubukererwe za miliyari 1.2 Frw.
Abasesengura iby’ubukungu babwiye itangazamakuru rya Fash, ko niba nta gikozwe ngo amafaranga agenewe imishinga ya Leta akoreshwe neza, bishobora kuzatuma igihugu kigwa mu mutego wo kunanirwa kwishyura imyenda gifitiye amahanga.
Teddy Kaberuka ni impuguke mu bukungu.
Ati “Hari imishinga itangira bakakubwira ngo yarapfuye byaranze, hari n’itangira igahomba. Ibaye myinshi amadeni yananirwa kwishyurwa, kubera ko urumva niba ufashe Miliyari eshanu, ukazishyira mu mushinga ukazahomba cyangwa se uwo mushinga ntunatangire, ugasanga ngo batangiye uruganda kanaka, ariko rumaze imyaka icumi rudakora. Urumva ayo ni mafaranga yahombye, navuga yahiye. ”
Hari abaturage basanga gukumira ko imishinga Leta ihomba, bisaba ko amasoko yo gukora iyo mishinga yajya ahabwa ba Rwiyemezamirimo.
Umwe ati “Icya mbere, igihugu iyo kijya gutanga isoko, hari ibyo bita kurandura ruswa, niba abantu batanze isoko birinde amarangamutima.”
Undi ati “ Bakwiye kureba rwiyemezamirimo, bakurikiranye ufite ubushobozi.”
Undi natwe ati “ None se niba Leta yafashe ideni runaka izaryishyura kubera ko uwo muhanda wakoreshejwe neza, warangiza ntukoreshwe neza, nayo inyungu izayibura.”
Ku rundi ruhande abarebera ibintu ahirengeye bo banagaragaza ko hari imishinga Leta idakwiye kujyamo, ahubwo ikayiharira abikorera.
Ibi nabyo ngo byatuma igihugu kidakomeza guhomba akayabo, kubera idindira ry’imishinga.
Impuguke mu bukungu Teddy Kaberuka niwe ukomeza.
Ati “Hari imishinga myinshi njye nsanga Leta ijyamo itagakwiye kuyijyamo. Reka nguhe nk’urugero hari nk’imishinga uturere dukora ngo amahoteli, ntabwo uturere dufite expertise(ubuhanga) yo gukora amahoteli. Amahoteli bayarekere abikorera, uturere tuve muri Business(ubucuruzi)nk’izo. Ujya wumva ngo amahoteli ,ngo uruganda rw’iki n’iki ,imishinga irahari myinshi cyane yananiwe gutanga inyungu, izo ni ngero nguha, ni rumwe mu ngero nyinshi cyane.”
Imyaka ibaye myinshi Umugenzuzi Mukuru w’Imari ya Leta, Kamuhire Alexis, atanga raporo y’imikoreshereze y’umutungo wa Leta, nyamara imikoreshereze yayo cyangwa imicungire mibi nticika, nubwo igabanuka.
Daniel Hakizimana


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Parution: 2013-05-23 07:51:58Par:Padiri Thomas Nahimana.
Ingabo z’ubwoko bumwe Abanyarwanda bazigirira icyizere bate ?
Kugerageza kugaragaza isura nziza y’u Rwanda muri RWANDA DAY ubwabyo si igitekerezo kibi. Ikibazo ni ukwangiza nkana isura y’igihugu warangiza ugashaka kwigamba ubumanzi udafite. Ibyo Kagame n’Agatsiko ke barimo i Londres, nk’uko mu myaka yashize bari i Boston, Paris…. ni ubuhendabana budafite agaciro na gake kuko “ u Rwanda-Paradizo” baba bashaka kwereka Abazungu isi yose yarangije kumenya ko rutabaho ! Icyakora bimaze kugaragara ko icyo gikorwa ngarukamwaka ntacyo cyinjiza mu isanduku y’igihugu ahubwo kiba kigamije gusesagura udufaranga twavuye mu misoro ya rubanda mu kwihera ikiraka indege bwite za Kagame no kumwihera we n’inkoramutima ze amafaranga atubutse ya misiyo, bakajya kubyinira Abazungu, nk’aho aricyo kizakiza u Rwanda kikaramira n’imbaga Abanyarwanda bakeneshejwe bakaba bari kwicwa n’inzara !
Mu by’ukuri impamvu nyamukuru ikomeje gutuma ubutegetsi bw’Agatsiko budashobora kugira isura nziza, ari imbere y’Abanyarwanda ndetse n’imbere y’Abanyamahanga, ni politiki ruvumwa y’IRONDAKOKO n’IRONDAKARERE ikomeje guhabwa intebe, igapyinagaza Abenegihugu itaretse no gutesha u Rwanda agaciro mu ruhando rw’amahanga.
Icyitonderwa :
Abanyarwanda bose ntibabona kimwe ikibazo cy’irondakoko n’irondakarere. Niho kibera ingorabahizi. Abo kitabangamiye bibwira ko kitariho ! Ikibazo cyo kuvangurwa kiremerera abo kibayeho (victimes) gusa ! Akenshi abahohoterwa ni abo ubutegetsi buriho buhindura ba NYAMUKE (hashingiwe ku bwoko cyangwa ku ruhande rwa politiki begamiye). Abo nibo bazi uko kuvangurwa no kwigizwayo biryana, ariko iyo babivuze basaba kurenganurwa abo icyo kibazo kitageraho barabannyega cyangwa se bakabyita amakabyankuru.
I.Ikibazo cyatangiye ryari ?
Ntabwo dutinda ku ngoma zabanje kuko nyine zitakiriho bityo tukaba nta muti w’iki kibazo tukizitezeho!
1. Sinirirwa mvuga menshi ku ngoma ya cyami, kuko ntawe uyobewe ko icyo gihe ubutegetsi n’ibyiza byose by’igihugu byari byarikubiwe n’igice gito cy’Abatutsi bari bafite ubwami, benshi mu Batutsi bakabyungukiramo, Abahutu n’Abatwa bo bakogerwaho uburimiro. Twibuke kandi ko ubwami bugeze no mu marembera bwakomeje guhakana nkana ko nta kibazo “hutu-tutsi” kiriho.
2. Byakunze kuvugwa ko Repubulika ya mbere yashyize ingufu nyinshi mu guteza imbere « rubanda rugufi » rwari rwiganjemo Abahutu bari baratsikamiwe, ariko Abanyenduga baza gushyirwa ku ibere kurusha abandi. Politiki y’iringaniza yafashwe nk’iyari igamije gutonesha Abahutu no kwigizayo (exclusion) Abatutsi.
3. Repubulika ya kabiri yo ikunze gushinjwa kuba yarahisemo kwiyubaka ishingiye ku gisilikari cyiganjemo Abahutu bo mu rukiga, abandi bakabihomberamo. Kuba Habyarimana yarahariye Abatutsi ubucuruzi bw’igihugu kandi akagaragaza ubushake bwo gushyikirana na FPR ku bibazo by’uburenganzira bwa minorité-tutsi, ntibyabujije intambara yatangijwe n’Inkotanyi mu 1990 gukaza umurego no gushyira igihugu mu kaga gakomeye.
4. Repubulika ya Gatatu ya Paul Kagame yo yarushijeho gukomeza ikibazo cy’irondakoko n’irondakarere. Kuyitindaho birakwiye kuko yo ikiriho kandi ikaba ikomeje gusenya igihugu, umunsi ku wundi. Reka twibukiranye bimwe mu byerekana uruhare rwayo mu kwimakaza politiki y’irondakoko n’irondakarere :
(1)Ubutegetsi bwa Kagame bwahisemo kwiyubakira ku bantu bake cyane b’Indobanure z’Abatutsi, b’abasilikari, biyita Abasajya kuko babyirukiye mu buhungiro mu gihugu cya Uganda. Abaturutse Uganda bitwarz nk’aho aribo bafite agaciro kurusha abandi Banyarwanda.
(2)Kagame n’Agatsiko ke biyemeje kubakira ubutegetsi ku gisilikari (n’igipolisi) kiyobowe n’Abawofisiye b’Abatusti gusa.
(3)Bafashe icyemezo cyo gushyira imyanya yose ifatirwamo ibyemezo kimwe n’ihemba amafaranga atubutse (yo mu nzego zose z’ubuzima bw’igihugu) mu maboko y’Abatutsi gusa.
(4)Bahisemo ko Leta irihira amashuri yisumbuye na Kaminuza abana b’Abatutsi bonyine kuko aribo bavugwa ko barokotse jenoside bonyine.
(5)Mu gihe Leta y’Agatsiko yahisemo gushingira politiki yayo ku gitekerezo cya jenoside yita ko yakorewe Abatutsi bonyine, yafashe icyemezo cyo gutwikira ikibazo hutu-tutsi ikoresheje ingengabitekerezo yise iy’ubumwe n’ubwiyunge by’abanyarwanda. Bityo umuhutu urengana iyo abajije ikibazo cye ashinjwa kubangamira ubumwe n’ubwiyunge by’Abanyarwanda !
(6)Bahisemo gukoresha Inkiko Gacaca bazishinga gucira Abahutu bonyine imanza zibahamya icyaha cya jenoside hagamijwe gusenya bidasubirwaho umuhutu wese ujijutse cyangwa wifitiye umutungo.
(7)Bahisemo politiki zinyuranye (politiques publiques) zibangamira rubanda rugufi hagamijwe kubicisha inzara no kubabuza umutekano ku buryo buhoraho (kubarandurira imyaka, kubasenyera amazu, kubategeka gutanga imisanzu,amaturo n’amakoro by’urudaca)
(8)Hashyizweho amategeko afifitse agamije kubuza ubwinyagamburiro Abahutu (n’Abatutsi bashyira mu gaciro), nuko hahimbwa ibyaha bidasobanutse ariko byacishije benshi umutwe (ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside, gupfobya jenoside, gukorana n’imitwe y’iterabwoba….).
(9)Leta y’Agatsiko yahisemo gushyingura no kwibuka Abatutsi gusa bishwe, ihatira Abahutu kudashyingura mu cyubahiro no kutibuka ababo batagira ingano barimbuwe n’Ingabo za Kagame (Kuvangura amoko kugera no mu kuzimu !)
(10) Agatsiko kafashe icyemezo cyo gusiba amoko mu irangamuntu kugira ngo irondakoko-tutsi rirusheho guhabwa intebe mu rwagasabo.
(11)Kagame n’Agatsiko ke bahisemo gukusanyiriza ibikorwa byose by’iterambere mu Mujyi wa Kigali gusa , icyaro kiribagirana kandi aricyo gituwe na 90% y’abenegihugu, basa n’abahaniwe ko ari rubanda rugufi.
(12)N’ibindi.
II. Guceceka ikibazo cy’irondakoko n’irondakarere sibyo bigikemura.
Biratangaje kubona Leta y’Agatsiko yemera jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ariko ntiyemere ko hariho ikibazo hutu-tutsi. Kuva FPR yashingwa Kagame n’Agatsiko ke bafashe icyemezo ko ikibazo cy’amoko kitagomba kuganirwaho. Banze ko kivugwaho mu masezerano y’Arusha n’ubu ntibiteguye kukiganiraho. Bahisemo gushuka Abanyarwanda n’Abanyamahanga ko kitakiriho ariko bakungikanya ibikorwa bituma kirushaho gukomera.
Ese ubundi ikibazo ni ubwoko ?
Mu by’ukuri ikibazo nyakuri si uko Abanyarwanda bamwe ari Abahutu abandi bakaba Abatutsi cyangwa Abatwa. Sibo biremye batyo. Mu bindi bihugu duturanye hari amoko menshi anyuranye, kandi ntibabipfa.
Ikibazo cy’ukuri ni ironda-koko n’ironda-karere ; gituruka ku kubangamirwa k’uburenganzira-shingiro bwa bamwe hagendewe ku bwoko cyangwa akarere. Ikibazo kivuka iyo hari Agatsiko gashaka KWIKUBIRA ubutegetsi n’ibyiza by’igihugu konyine , noneho kagahitamo URWITWAZO rw’ubwoko cyangwa akarere kugira ngo kigizeyo (exclure) abandi benegihugu.
Ikibazo nyakuri rero ni ukubangamirwa n’uguhonyorwa k’uburenganzira bwa ba Nyamuke, hagendewe ku mubare w’abagize ubwoko(minorité ethnique) cyangwa mu rwego rwa politiki (minorité politique).Noneho abatsikamiwe batera hejuru bashaka kwirenganura cyangwa kwirwanaho bigateza imidugararo n’intambara. Mu rurimi rw’igifaransa umuntu yavuga ngo « le vrai enjeu de la politique rwandaise : c’est la garantie des droits des minorités ethnique et/ou politique ». Icyo ni cyo kibazo kigomba kwigwa no kubonerwa igisubizo mu maguru mashya .
III. Ese kuvuga ko Demokarasi ari cyo gisubizo birahagije ?
Kuvuga ko gushyiraho ubutegetsi bushingiye kuri demokarasi aricyo gisubizo , nibyo ariko ntibyuzuye.
Nibyo kuko intambwe ya mbere yo gukemura ikibazo cy’ironda-vangura-moko ni ukwemera KUKIGANIRAHO nta buhendanyi. Gushyiraho inzego z’ubutegetsi abenegihugu bose bibonamo nicyo gisubizo ariko uburyo bwo kuzishyiraho bugomba gutekerezwaho cyane, ndetse byashoboka hakaremwa n’ »inzego » nshya cyangwa « inzira » z’umwimerere.
Demokarasi bivuga « ubutegetsi bwa rubanda , bushyizweho na rubanda kandi bukorera rubanda ». Rubanda si Abahutu bonyine , Abatutsi bonyine cyangwa Abatwa bonyine. Rubanda rwa Kanyarwanda ni abagize ayo matsinda uko ari atatu , ndetse hakiyongeraho n’ »abandi banyarwanda babyiyemeje » , (les naturalisés). Ubutegetsi bwasuzugura ibyifuzo n’uburenganzira bwa rimwe muri ayo matsinda, si ubutegetsi bukorera rubanda !
Niyo mpamvu Demokarasi izazahura u Rwanda, idashobora kuzaba iyubakiye ku matora gusa (un homme, une voix), kuko icyo gihe, ababarirwa muri « les minorités » bazakomeza kugira impungenge y’uko inyungu zabo zitazigera zirengerwa n’inzego z’ubutegetsi bw’igihugu batibonamo. Abatutsi benshi (bafatwa kugeza ubu nka minorité ethnique) bemeza ko aricyo bapfa na demokarasi ishingiye ku matora. Ariko Abahutu batari inkomamashyi nabo bafite ikibazo cyo kwigizwayo (exclusion) muri iki gihe, kuko bahinduwe « minorité politique », bakaba barakumiriwe mu nzego zifata ibyemezo.
IV. IGISUBIZO kizaturuka he ?
Igisubizo kizaturuka mu BIGANIRO hagati y’Abanyarwanda ubwabo , imyanzuro yabyo ikazandikwa mu Itegekonshinga (garanties constitutionnelles), ikagaragaza ku buryo budasubirwaho uko uburenganzira bwa ba Nyamuke (droits des minorités) buzubahirizwa.
Ndashaka gutanga utugero nka tubiri kugira ngo numvikanishe igitekerezo mfite.
Urugero rwa mbere
Kuba Kiliziya gatolika, nk’ishyirahamwe rigizwe n’abantu, imaze imyaka irenga ibihumbi 2 igihumeka, ibikesha ahanini kuba yarabashije kwiyubakira ku nkingi ebyiri (2 principes) zisa n’izivuguruzanya : le charisme et l’institution.
Impano zidasanzwe za buri wese (charisme) zihabwa agaciro gakomeye mu Kiliziya kuko arizo zituma ihora yivugurura (Ecclesia semper reformanda). Nk’abashinze imiryango y’Abihayimana (congrégations religieuses) bari abanyempano, kandi bafashije Kiliziya cyane . Ariko Kiliziya ikeneye n’inzego n’abayobozi bahoraho (Paruwasi, diyosezi, Abapadiri, Apepiskopi, Papa). N’iyo Umwepiskopi wanjye yaba adafite impano nyinshi, ngo abe intwari nk’uko mbyifuza… nyamara ni we ushinzwe kuyobora Diyosezi, agatuma impano za buri wese zigirira akamaro benshi (Pontifex: il préside à l’unité de la communauté). Yaba intungane, yaba umunyantegenke, igihe akiriho aba ari Umwepiskopi washyizweho na Papa….! Ahagararira Kiliziya (visibilité), akayiyobora uko abishobojwe, ikabaho neza cyangwa icumbagira ariko ikabaho ! Dore imyaka irenze ibihumbi 2, Kiliziya gatolika yaratotejwe, irazunguzwa ku buryo bunyuranye ariko nyamara iracyariho !
Kugira ngo u Rwanda rukomeze kubaho kandi rukire akageso ko guhora rwikora mu nda (uboshye wa mugore w’inkoramwuga!), narwo rugomba kwihangira ubutegetsi bwubakiye ku nkingi ebyiri zisa n’izivuguruzanya : « le mérite et l’institution » . Agaciro k’impano za buri wese (mérite) kagomba gutezwa imbere kugira ngo zigirire benshi akamaro ariko hakabaho n’inzego zifatika zikumira ivangura(institution).
Mu gihe waba ugiriwe icyizere ugahabwa kuyobora u Rwanda, dore amaso ukwiye kurebesha igihugu :
Ni byiza ko umuntu ufite ibigango yajya mu gisilikari, ariko niwemera ko igisilikari kijyamo abo mu majyaruguru gusa, ngo ngaha nibo bonyine babyemera, amaherezo ikibazo kizashyira kivuke . Ukwiye kureba hakiri kare uko wabigenza kugira ngo n’abo mu majyepfo bibone muri icyo gisilikari.
Birakwiye kurihira amashuri abana b’Abatutsi bababaye imfubyi kubera jenoside yo mu 1994, ariko nibigaragara ko aribo bonyine Leta ifasha bizaba bihindutse ikibazo cyo kuvangura abana no kubasumbanya ! Shaka uko n’izindi mfubyi zafashwa , nibitaba ibyo politiki yawe yo gufasha bamwe irasenya ntiyubaka.
Ni byiza ko abana babonye amanota ya mbere aribo bajya mu mashuri ya Segonderi afashwa na Leta ndetse na Kaminuza. Ariko nibigaragara ko abahora baba abambere ari Abanyagikongoro gusa, uzagomba kureba uko wabigenza kugira ngo n’abakomoka mu bindi bice by’igihugu nabo bagire uburenganzira bwo kwiga mu mashuri ya Leta.
Iyo politiki wayita uko ushatse (Iringaniza ryahinduye inyito! ) ariko igomba kubaho. Itabayeho, urwikekwe n’umwiryane biravuka , bigasagamba, bikazashyirwa bisenye igihugu.
Urugero rwa kabiri:
Seminari nto ya Mutagatifu Piyo wa 10 yo ku Nyundo yatangiye mu 1953 ari iya Diyosezi gatolika ya Nyundo (Gisenyi, Kibuye, Cyangugu). Aho Diyosezi ya Cyangugu ivukiye mu 1981, ayo madiyosezi yombi yakomeje kuharerera abana. Ubwo natangiraga kuhiga mu 1986, iyo Seminari yari ifite ubushobozi bwo kwakira abana 60 gusa buri mwaka. Naje kumenya ko mu “kwemerera abatsinze “, amadiyosezi yombi yasaranganyaga imyanya hashingiwe ku mibare iteye itya : Nyundo= 40 (Gisenyi –Kibuye); Cyangugu =20. Ni ukuvuga ko bashoboraga kwakira umwana wa Nyundo watsindiye ku manota 35%, mu gihe hari uw’iCyangugu utafashwe kandi yagize 55% mu kizami cyo kwinjira mu Seminari, kuko nyine i Cyangugu hagombaga kwemererwa abana 20 gusa!
Noneho umuntu akibaza ati : Ese ibi ni ubutabera ? Hari abahita bavuga bati nta butabera burimo , ariko baritonde ! Seminari nto ryari ishuri ryigenga. Diyosezi ya Nyundo yaritagagaho amafaranga menshi kugira ngo ribeho, hagamijwe ko rikomeza gutegura abana bashobora kuzavamo abapadiri b’iyo Diyosezi ! Ubutabera bwaba buri he Diyosezi ya Nyundo yiriye ikimara kugira ngo itegure abana bazaba abapadiri ba Diyosezi ya Cyangugu gusa, ngo ngaha ni uko bazi gutsinda ibizami kurusha abo ku Nyundo?! Ibi se twabyita iringaniza ritindi ? Ibaze nawe wisubize! Ku batabizi , Diyosezi ya Cyangugu yageze aho nayo irikokora itangiza Seminari nto yayo mu 1997, yitwa Seminari ya Mutagatifu Aloys.
No mu gihugu cy’u Rwanda hakenewe politiki yizwe neza, itadindiza abagaragaje impano zifatika (mérite) ariko ntinatererane (exclusion) abandi benegihugu. Iyo politiki igomba kubaho kandi igashyirwa mu itegekonshinga (légalisation), hakabaho n’inzego zishinzwe kuyishyira mu bikorwa (institutionalisation) kugira ngo ikemure ibibazo by’irondakoko n’irondakarere mu mfuruka zose z’ubuyobozi bw’igihugu:
(1)Mu gisilikari
(2)Mu Ntekonshingamategeko
(3)Muri Guverinoma
(4)Mu nzego z’ubucamanza
(5)Muri nzego z’ubuyobozi (Administration)
(6)Mu bigo bya Leta
(7) Mu guhabwa imyanya mu mashuri ( yo mu Rwanda no mu mahanga)
Umwanzuro
Turambiwe « politiki y’ingumba »(stérile) y’abantu bahora bigiza nkana : abo ni abategetsi bihutira kwishyira ku ngoma nyamara aho kugira ngo bicare bahimbe ibisubizo bikemura ibibazo by’ingutu bitsikamiye abenegihugu, bagahitamo kubuka inabi no gucecekesha rubanda hakoreshejwe iterabwoba rya gisilikari !
Twanze politiki y’Udutsiko duteranya Abanyarwanda (diviser pour régner) kugira ngo dukunde twikubire ubutegetsi n’ ibyiza bose by’igihugu.
Ndifuriza Ishyaka Ishema ry’u Rwanda kugira bwangu ubushobozi bwo kuzafasha Abanyarwanda KUGANIRA nta buhendanyi kuri ibi bibazo byombi byabaye ingorabahizi (irondakoko n’irondakarere) kugeza bibonewe igisubizo kidakuka.
Harakabaho u Rwanda rutavangura abana barwo
Harakabaho abategetsi baciye ukubiri n’ingeso yo kwikora mu nda.
Harakabaho Abanyarwanda bishimiye gusaranganya ibyiza by’Urwababyaye.
Padiri Thomas Nahimana
Umunyamabanga mukuru w’Ishyaka
ISHEMA RY’U RWANDA.


text:
Ku wa gatatu w’icyumweru cya 16 gisanzwe, C, 2013
Ku ya 24 Nyakanga 2013
Inyigisho yateguwe na Padiri Pascal SEVENI
Amasomo: Iyim 16, 1-5.9-15; Zab 77, 17-18, 19.22, 24-25, 27.29; Mt 13, 1-9
Yabahaye “umugati w’abamalayika […] Bararya, maze barahaga, ibamara ityo irari bari bafite” (Zab 77, 25.29)
Mwari muzi ko mu isi umuntu umwe kuri barindwi ari umushonji w’umwinazi? Raporo y’Umuryango mpuzamahanga ushinzwe ibiribwa ku isi (PAM) y’umwaka ushize (2012) yemeza ko abantu bakabakaba hafi miliyari bashegeshwe n’inzara. Muri bo abagera kuri 98% bakaba babarizwa mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y’amajyambere. Iyo raporo ivuga kandi ko inzara ari yo yica abantu benshi ku isi kuruta indwara za sida, malariya n’igituntu. (Soma incamake y’iyo raporo hano). Ibyo ntibibujije ko hari benshi muri iyi si, cyane cyane mu bihugu byateye imbere bajugunya ibiryo, wababwira iby’inzara bakumva ari uguca umugani. Ku Banyarwanda babarirwa muri biriya bihugu bishonje ndumva tuzi icyo inzara ari icyo, n’ubwo natwe tutabuze bake muri twe bakemuye icyo kibazo. Igitangaje ariko ni uko n’ubwo inzara ifite ubukana bungana gutyo, ari yo ndwara (niba twayita gutyo) yoroshye kuvura kurusha izindi zose. Bivugwa ko isi ifite ibiribwa bihagije bishobora gutunga abayituye bose. Ariko bacye cyane nibo babyikubira, abandi nyamwinshi bicira isazi mu jisho.
Ubuntu Imana yakungahaje isi itagera ntigerure nka Rugabishabirenge, muntu ntarabasha kubwakira ngo yitoze kugenza nka Yo, agaba cyangwa agabura ibyo yagabiwe. Isomo ryo mu gitabo cy’Iyimukamisiri riradutekerereza uko Imana yagobotse umuryango wayo mu butayu, iwugaburira ku buryo bw’agatangaza umugati wa manu n’inyama z’inkware. Mu gihe bo bari batangiye kwitotombera Musa basheze ngo bisubirire mu Misiri aho baryaga bagahaga n’ubwo bakoreshwaga imirimo y’agahato bwose. Iyi nkuru irimo amasomo menshi, ariko ayo twazirikanaho muri uyu mwanya akubiye mu ngingo ebyiri:
1. Inzara ni ikigeragezo gishobora gutuma twihakana Imana. Utaranigwa agaramye agira ngo ijuru riri hafi! Utazi uko iyo nkenya iryana ni we uyikerensa. Abayisraheli mu butayu baguye muri icyo kigeragezo batangira kwibaza niba bari kumwe n’Imana y’inyampuhwe ikiza cyangwa ishaka kubahotora. Bati : “Yewe! Iyo byibura twicwa n’ukuboko k’Uhoraho tukiri mu gihugu cya Misiri”. Ibi bidusaba kuba hafi no kumva ukwivumbura kw’abantu bari mu kaga nk’ako, aho kuba abo kubabwira amagambo asigiriza ubwo bubabare bwabo twibwira ko tubahumuriza. Nko kubabwira ngo “Imana irabazi kandi irabakunda… ni ugushaka kwayo mugomba kukwakira mukanabiyisingiriza”. Iyo Mana imeze ityo irebera abashonji ikicinya icyara ntaho tuyibona muri aya mateka y’ugucungurwa kwacu. Ahubwo turabona Imana yumva ugutakamba k’umuryango wayo, igahagurukira kuwugoboka kugira ngo utagwa mu buhakanyi. Ni byiza ko abemera muri iki gihe dushikama tugahagurukira gufatanya n’abandi kwigizayo ibyo byose bitsikamira ubuzima bwa muntu bigatuma atagira icyubahiro yaremanywe. Imana yifuza ko tuyisengera mu mubiri utunganye kandi utekanye. Byaragaragaye ko iyo abantu bashonje cyangwa bakennye, n’iyo batahakana Imana ku mugaragaro, batabasha gutekereza ibyiza byisumbuye igifu cyabo, nko kuzirikana ku mayobera matagatifu, gukora ubushakashatsi mu by’ubwenge, kubungabunga inyungu za bose,… Burya hari n’abantu barya bagahaga, ariko batarigeze bashira umururumba batewe na yo. Abo n’iyo baba bitwa ko ari abakristu, ntibashobora gusingiza Imana uko bikwiye.
2. Ku rundi ruhande ariko, tugomba kumenya ko ibyiza dutunze byose, byaba bicye cyangwa byinshi tubikesha ubuntu bw’Imana. Iri ni isomo rikwiye kwitabwaho cyane na ba bandi bahembutse batabarirwa mu gice cy’abashonji. N’ubwo inzara ishobora kudutandukanya n’Imana, ntibivuze ko na none kwijuta bitwegeranya na yo. Ngo “umurengwe wica nk’inzara”! Imana yagaburiye Abayisraheli manu atari ukugira ngo gusa “bahashwe” birangirire aho. Ahubwo yagira ngo bunamure umutwe bitegereze ikuzo ryayo, bazinukwe burundu urukumbuzi rwa Misiri n’ibibi byayo byose. Ni yo mpamvu yabwiye Musa ati “Dore ngiye kubagushaho nk’imvura umugati uturutse mu ijuru. […] Nzabagerageza ntyo, ndebe niba bazakurikiza amategeko yanjye cyangwa niba batazayakurikiza”. Abantu benshi bibwira ko gutunga byinshi ari umugisha, ariko si ko bose bagororokerwa no kubisingirizamo uwabibahaye, barusha abandi gukurikiza amategeko ye. Ari ko biri, wasanga abakire ari bo bafite ukwemera kurusha abakene! Ndumva ntawabihamya!
Muri make umutungo mwinshi cyangwa mucye, inzara cyangwa umwijuto, ubukene cyangwa ubukire ni ibimenyetso biducira amarenga ko Imana iri rwagati muri twe. Ibitwigaragarizamo igamije kutwerekeza kuri yo ubwayo. Ntidukwiye rero kuba ari byo dutindaho, ngo tubyizirikeho, ahubwo turangamire uwo bitwereka. Va ku giti, dore umuntu! Yezu Kristu ni we waje guhaza inzara zacu zose, ari iza roho ari n’iz’umubiri. Dusabe ingabire yo kumwakira nk’umugati utanga ubugingo (Yh 6, 35), utumara irari ry’imigati idahaza ya hano ku isi, nubwo na yo tuyikeneye ngo dukomeze urugendo rumugana. Ijambo rye turishikamemo ritubobeze nk’ubutaka bwiza burumbuka imbuto karijana, nk’uko abidushishikariza mu mugani w’umubibyi (tuzawugarukaho). Murakamuhorana iteka ryose. Amen.
P. Pasikali Seveni


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Ibidukikije ntibivuga ariko turahari ngo tubivugire – Mme Ruhamya
Mu kiganiro n’abanyamakuru ku mugoroba wo kuri uyu wa gatanu cyerekeranye no gutangiza icyumweru cyahariwe kwita ku bidukikije, Umuyobozi w’Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe kwita ku Bidukikije (REMA), Mme Collette Ruhamya yasabye buri wese kuvugira ibidukikije bitabasha kuvuga ariko bikaba bifite akamaro gakomeye mu buzima bwa buri muntu.
Umuyobozi w’Ikigo cy’Igihugu cyita ku Bidukikije (REMA), Mme Collette Ruhamya ni we wari uyoboye iki kiganiro kivuga ku munsi mpuzamahanga wahariwe kwita ku bidukikije uzizihizwa ku itariki ya 5 Kamena 2017, kuri uyu wa gatandatu hakazatangizwa icyumweru cyahariwe kwita ku bidukikije hakorwa umuganda ku gishanga cya Nyandungu kiri mu mujyi wa Kigali.
Mme Ruhamya yavuze ko kwita ku bidukikije bikwiye kuba inshingano ya buri wese kuko ibidukikije bifite inyungu rusange, bikaba bijyana n’insanganyamatsiko y’uyu mwaka igira iti “Duhuze umuntu n’ibidukikije nibyo shingiro ry’ubuzima”.
Yavuze ko kutita ku bidukikije bigira ingaruka nyinshi harimo imihindagurikire y’ikirere n’iy’ibihe, gutobama kw’amazi, gukama kw’imigezi n’izindi ngaruka nyinshi zirimo n’indwara.
Yasabye buri wese kuba umuvugizi w’ibidukikije, ati “Kurengera ibidukikije si iby’umuntu umwe, kandi inyungu ni izacu twese niyo mpamvu kubirengera ari inshingano za buri wese, aho turi, mu byo mwandika, mu byo muvuga reka tujye tuvugira ibitavuga. Ibidukikije ntibivuga, ariko turahari ngo tubivugire kuko nibyangirika natwe nta buzima.”
Kuri uyu wa gatandatu, hazakorwa umuganda wo kwita ku gishaka cya Nyandungu kiri mu murenge wa Kanombe kugira ngo gikorwemo ahantu nyaburanga (Nyandungu Echo-Park) abatuye n’abajyenda muri Kigali bashobora gusura.
Uyu muganda uzaba ari uwo guca umuhanda utandukanya igishanga n’aho abantu batuye n’utundi turimo duto kuko nk’uko Umuyobozi wa REMA abivuga ngo gutunganya igishanga cya Nyandungu byakorewe inyigo izatwara amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyari 2,3 azatangwa n’Ikigega FONERWA.
Mu bizakorwa harimo kuhatunganya, umugezi uhanyura ukajya utembamo amazi meza, kuhatera ibiti byari mu nzira yo gucika bikongera kubaho ku buryo abantu batabizi bazajya bahasura bakabisobanurirwa, no kuhashyira intebe abantu bakajya baharuhukira.
Mu bindi bizakorwa muri iki cyumweru, ni inama nyunguranabitekerezo ivuga ku bidukikije izaba tariki ya 29-30 Gicurasi, naho ku itariki ya 5 Kamena 2017, Umunsi mukuru nzirizina wahariwe kwita ku bidukikije uzizihirizwa mu Karere ka Gakenke, mu murenge wa Gashenyi.
Hazasurwa umugezi wa Base, hanarebwe ibyakozwe mu kubungabunga icyogogo cyawo ndetse REMA izahemba abana bitwaye neza mu irushanwa ry’ubuhanzi bw’imivugo n’inyandiko bivuga ku kwita ku bidukikije.
Umuyobozi ushinzwe Imyubakire mu mujyi wa Kigali, Dr Alphonse Nkurunziza yavuze ko Umujyi wa Kigali na wo ufite gahunda zo kwita ku bidukikije nk’uko biri ku gishushanyo mbonera cyawo giteganya zone (ahantu) zahariwe kurinda no kwita ku binyabuzima.
Yasabye ko aho hantu hari icyahagenewe kizwi hagomba kwitabwaho hagakorerwa icyo hashyiriweho. Ku gishushanyo mbonera ahanditse P4 bivuga ko hagomba kurirwa (area to be protected) ni ahagenewe ibishanga, imigezi n’amashyamba.
Ahanditse P3 ni ahagenewe ubuhinzi, aho naho ngo hagomba kwitabwaho kuko hatabonetse ahantu ho guhinga abatuye Umujyi wasonza.
P1 na P2 ni ahantu ngo hagenewe kwidagadura ku gishushanyo mbonera, aho hantu ngo niho hazaba hari ibibuga n’aho abantu bidagadurira.
Ati “Abenshi mubona ko ibinyabiziga byiyongera mukabona umubyigano, ugasanga umuntu aratinda mu nzira ariko nibarebe urundi ruhare rw’imyuka iva muri izo modoka niyo ihumanya ikirere, igatera abantu za cancer, igatera indwara zitandukanye bigatuma umujyi uta agaciro kawo ku bantu bawubamo, iyo myuka iboneka kuko dufite amashyamba meza, dufite ahantu heza nyaburanga.”
Umujyi wa Kigali urateganya gutunganya ahantu nyaburanga hatandukanye mu rwego rwo kwita ku bidukikije no gukora ahantu abantu baruhukira, aho harimo Meraneza Park izaba igizwe n’ahantu h’ubusitani hazatunganywa ku musozi wa Mont Kigali, ubusitani buzatunganywa i Gikondo ahahoze inganda, gutunganya Nyabugogo hagakorwa ku buryo amazi atazongera kuhuzura, no kuhashyira ubusitani kimwe no gukora Kimicanga.
Umunsi Mpuzamahanga wahariwe kwita ku bidukikije watangiye kwizihizwa kuva mu 1972.
HATANGIMANA Ange Eric
UM– USEKE.RW