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Ibizakwereka ko wowe n’umukunzi wawe mwenda gutandukana
Mu rukundo gutandukana n’ibintu bibaho, birababaza gusa kubera ko ari ko mu buzima rimwe na rimwe bimera tuba tugomba kubyakira, hari igihe ukundana n’umuntu gusa ari ukugira ngo umenye uko witwara cyangwa umenye uko mu rukundo bimera.
Ntibibaho ko gutandukana n’uwo mwakundanaga by’ukuri bya gushimisha , ahubwo akenshi nyuma yo gutandukana usigara wibaza niba atari wowe wabigizemo uruhare cyangwa ngo utume urukundo rwanyu rurangira.
Hano tugiye kukwereka ibintu bizakubwira ko urukundo rwawe ruri mu marembera ndetse ukaba wanamenya uko witwara mu gihe uhuye n’ibintu nk’ibi.
Agabanya kukwitaho
Ikintu cya mbere kizakwereka ko urukundo rwawe ruri mu marembere ni uko uzabona uko mwari musanzwe mwisanzuranaho byahagaze ndetse umukunzi wawe atakwitaho nk’uko byari bimeze mbere. Niba umukunzi wawe yarakundaga ko musohokana , azatangira kujya agenda wenyine. Niba yakundaga kukuvugisha kuri telefoni azabigabanya ndetse umunsi ube ushobora kuba washira nta na mwiriwe cyangwa mwaramutse ubonye iturutse kuri we.
Ibi ni ubona byatangiye kuba mu rukundo uzamenye ko rushobora kuba ruri mu marembera ndetse utangire kwikuramo uwo witaga umukunzi wawe kuko azaba atakikwitayeho, rimwe na rimwe azajya akwereka ko yabuze umwanya wo kukwitaho ariko ari ukwiyererutsa.
Kutumvikana kutarangira
Mu rukundo bibaho cyane ko mutakumva kimwe ibintu byose ndetse iyo muganiriye ku byo mutumva kimwe biba byiza bigatuma umubano wanyu ukomera, iyo urukundo ruri mu marembera ubibwirwa n’uko muhora mu mahane adashira ndetse buri wese akumva ariwe uri mu kuri hakabura uca bugufi ngo yemere ko ariwe nyirabayazana ndetse asabe imbabazi. Ibi rero bihita bisenya umubano wanyu byihuse cyane.
Imyitwarire idasanzwe
Mu busanzwe iyo abakundana bataryaryana usanga buri wese amaze kumenya uko mugenzi we yitwara ndetse akamenya uko amutwara bitewe n’igihe arimo, iyo henda kubaho gutandukana usanga buri wese yarahinduye imico ndetse uwo wari uziho wenda kwitonda ugasanga agira uburakari budasanzwe. Igihe uzabona umukunzi wawe afite imyitwarire nk’iyi utari umuziho uzamenye ko urukundo rwanyu rugeze aharindimuka.
Gucana inyuma
Mu rukundo kwizerana no kudahemukirana ni kimwe mu mirunga ikomeye ikomeza umubano w’abakundana bitari uburyarya, n’ubona watangiye guca inyuma umukunzi wawe uzamenye ko utakimukunda ndetse urukundo rwanyu ruzaba ruri hafi kurangira. Buri wese ashobora kubikora ku giti cye undi ntabimenye gusa birangirangira buri wese atacyiyumvamo undi.
Imishinga mwari mufite y’ahazaza irahagarara
Iyo urukundo ruri hafi kurangira usanga imishinga abakundana bari bafite y’ejo hazaza ihagarara ndetse buri wese agatangira kwihugiraho, usanga ibyo mwari mwarapanze muzakora mu minsi ir’imbere bihagarara burundi ndetse buri wese agatangira inzira nshya ze.


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Komiseri Mukuru wa RCS yavuze ko kongerera ubumenyi abakozi ari imwe mu nshingano RCS ifite kugira ngo intego zayo zibashe kugerwaho kuko guhugura umukozi ari imwe mu nziraifasha mu gutuma Ikigo kibasha kugera ku nshingano kiba cyarihaye. Yagize ati: “sinshidikanya ko amasomo mwahawe muri iki gihe cy’iminsi 2 azabafasha kurushaho kunoza no kwesa imihigo mwahize no kurushaho kuzuza inshingano mwahawe”.
Muri ayo mahugurwa, abayobozi bungirije ba za Gereza bongerewe ubumenyi mu bijyanye n’imicungire ya za Gereza hibandwa cyane cyane ku mutekano, imicungire y’abakozi n’ibikoresho, imibereho myiza y’imfungwa n’abagororwa, kurwanya ruswa no gukoresha ikoranabuhanga.
Komiseri Mukuru wa RCS yasabye abahawe amahugurwa kurushaho gukunda akazi kabo no kugakorana umurava bazirikana ko kuba baragiriwe icyizere bakagirwa abayobozi ari uko babonwamo ubushobozi, bityo ko badakwiye gutatira icyo gihango.
Yabasabye kandi kurangwa n’ubupfura n’ubunyangamugayo, guhanga udushya no kubahiriza igihe mu byo bakora byose.
Ikindi Komiseri Mukuru wa RCS yasabye abitabiriye amahugurwa ni ukwiyubaha, kubahana, kuba urumuri rw’abo bayobora no kwakira neza abagana bose.

robotstxt: allowed

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text:
kugurisha bishyushye quleno sausage ibikoresho byo gukata
Ibicuruzwa birambuye
Ibicuruzwa
- Imiterere:
- Gishya
- Aho byaturutse:
- Hebei, Ubushinwa
- Izina ry'ikirango:
- QULENO
- Umubare w'icyitegererezo:
- ZKG 2500 .3500 .4500 .7500
- Ubushobozi bw'umusaruro:
- 3500kg / h, 1000kg / h
- Umuvuduko:
- 380V
- Imbaraga:
- 8Kw
- Ibiro:
- 1080kg, 1080kg
- Igipimo (L * W * H):
- 1950 * 1300 * 1900mm
- Garanti:
- Mu myaka 2.
- Serivisi nyuma yo kugurisha yatanzwe:
- Ba injeniyeri baboneka kumashini ya serivise mumahanga
- Izina:
- imashini ikora imashini / imashini yuzuza isosi
- Ubwoko:
- Imashini zitunganya inyama
- Umubumbe:
- 220L
- Icyuho:
- -0.1MPa
- Ubushobozi bwo gutanga:
- 1000kg / h
- Ubwoko bwa Casings:
- Amabati yinyamanswa, isosi ya protein, isanduku ya kolagen, nibindi
- Kuzuza umuvuduko:
- 0-500time / min
- Icyemezo:
- CE, ISO9001
kugurisha bishyushye quleno sausage ibikoresho byo gukata
Uwiteka imashini ifite guteka, guteka buhoro buhoro, kumisha, guteka, kunywa itabi, kunaniza umwuka,isuku na autoprotection, nibindi.
1.Yongerewe imbaraga nyinshi-Smokehouse.
2.Koresha mudasobwa Igenzura Uburyo: Mugukoraho ecran nini.Ibipimo birashobora kwerekanwa muburyo bumwe bwo kugenzura.Kwihuza na
mudasobwa nicapiro rishobora kugenzura umwotsi wa kure kandi ugasohora resept, ubushuhe nubushuhe.
Ibisobanuro 100 birashobora kubikwa.
3.Uburyo bwihariye bwo kuzenguruka ikirere
4.Ibikoresho byatumijwe mu mahanga
5.Ibikoresho bitumizwa mu mahanga
6. Sisitemu yo Kunywa Itabi
7.Isoko ryigenga ryokunywa itabi cyangwa itabi ryashyizwe mumuryango;Emera imbere yimbere yimbere.umwotsi
kubyara sisitemu ishobora no kubyara umwotsi muburyo buke bwa ogisijeni.
9.Bishobora guteza imbere umwotsi ukonje, imirimo yo gukonjesha ukurikije ibisabwa bitandukanye.
10.Uburyo bwiza bwo kwisukura
Imashini ifata ibyuma byuzuza (cyangwa scrapers zuzuza uburyo), irashobora kugabana ibicuruzwa mu buryo bwikora, kandi irashobora kandi guhuzwa nubwoko ubwo aribwo bwose bwo gukata kabiri kugirango habeho umurongo wibyuma byikora kugirango utegure ibintu byuzuzwa no gukuramo ibintu muri leta ya vacuum.
Bipakiye mubiti byometseho ibiti kandi byoherejwe ninyanja cyangwa na Air.
Igihe cya garanti: Imyaka ibiri. (Niba imashini ifite igice-cyo kwambara vuba mumyaka ibiri, turashobora kuguha igice-cyihuta kubusa.)
Hagati aho, dufite serivisi nziza nyuma yo kugurisha kandi turashobora gushiraho ba injeniyeri bacu muruganda rwawe mugukemura ikibazo.
1.Niba ukeneye, abatekinisiye bacu bazajya ahantu hawe kugirango bagufashe kwinjiza no guhindura imashini.
2.Toza abakozi bawe uburyo bwo gukoresha no kubungabunga imashini ikoreshwa buri munsi.
3.Ibice byose ukeneye bizoherezwa biturutse kuri twe.
Turashobora kuguha ubwoko bwose bwimashini zitunganya Inyama-Yuzuza isosi ya Vacuum, imashini ikata ya Sausage, imashini ikata Sausage, imashini ihindura Sausage, imashini isya inyama zumye, imashini ikata inyama za Vacuum, imashini ya Vacuum inyama, imashini ivanga inyama za Vacuum, imashini icagagura, ifuru ya Smokehouse, imashini itandukanya amagufwa ninyama, imashini itera inshinge nibindi hamwe nimboga zikata / gukuramo / imashini imesa hamwe na mashini itunganya Paste - Imashini yifu y ingano, imashini ikora Noodle, imashini ikora imyanda, imashini ikora Meatball nibindi
Urahawe ikaze gusura uruganda rwacu kugirango urebe imashini zose. Nyamuneka mwandikire!


text:
Topic outline
General
Kwimakaza Indangagaciro Nyarwanda
1.1. Dukunda igihugu cyacu
Buri gitondo mbere y'uko twinjira mu ishuri, duteranira imbere y'ibendera ry'igihugu, tukaririmba indirimbo yubahiriza igihugu cyacu. Ubwo turata ibyiza bitatse u Rwanda, tukishimira ko turubanyemo neza, tukaniyemeza kurukorera kugira ngo ingufu zacu ziruteze imbere. Dushimira abakurambere b'intwari bahanze u Rwanda, bakarwagura ndetse bagahashya ubukoroni na mpatsibihugu. Mu ndirimbo yubahiriza Igihugu, twiyemeza kwitangira amahoro no kurinda ibyiza tumaze kugeraho tubikesha ubufatanye bwacu.
Iyo turirimba iyi ndirimbo numva nishimye, nkishimira ko igihugu cyacu ari kiza kandi gifite amahoro. Mu miryango iwacu turatekanye, mu nzira aho tugenda ntawuduhutaza, ku ishuri twigana tutishishanya. Turiga tugatsinda tubifashijwemo n'abarimu bacu. Sogokuru akunda kumbwira ko Abanyarwanda ari bene mugabo umwe. Ambwira ko tugomba kubana kivandimwe, tugakundana, tugafashanya kandi tugakomera kuri ubwo bumwe bwacu kuko ari ubukungu butagereranywa. Anyumvisha ko tugomba gushyira imbere ko twese turi abana b'u Rwanda, bityo tukarangwa no guhora dutahiriza umugozi umwe. Impanuro ze zandemyemo umutima wo gukunda u Rwanda. Numva ntifuza ko hagira uruvuga nabi cyangwa ngo arubuze amahoro. Sogokuru yanyumvishije ko uwo ukunda umuvuga umutaka, ukamuratira abatamuzi. Kubera izo mpamvu, ndarata u Rwanda kuko ari rwiza rukaba rutwizihiye. Abarutuye turangwa n'urugwiro, abadusanze ntibinuba. Ntibarambirwa kuko tubatambagiza urw'imisozi igihumbi bakanyurwa n'ibihe byiza bidashyuha kandi ntibinakonje. Amashyamba, imisozi n'ibiyaga bituma duhumeka umwuka mwiza uyunguruye. Amashyamba ya kimeza n'ayatewe n'abarutuye ni intaho y'inyoni nyinshi n'inyamaswa z'amoko anyuranye. Nawe se, ngizo ingagi zisigaye hake ku isi, intare rutontoma umwami w'ishyamba, inzovu, twiga y'umujosi muremure, impara n'imparage, impyisi na rwara, inguge z'amoko yose, kagoma, inkona, inkongoro, sakabaka, inyange n'inyombya, isandi, imisure n'izindi. Sogokuru yampishuriye kandi ko uwo ukunda ukora icyo ashaka. Ukunda igihugu ke aragikorera, agafatanya n'abandi kugiteza imbere mu kigero arimo. Igihugu cyacu ni kiza kuko gifite amahoro, bituma buri wese akora atekanye. Kugikunda ni ukukifuriza amahoro arambye, abagituye twese tukaba tugomba kuyaharanira. Twe abanyeshuri, tugomba kubana neza na bagenzi bacu, tukiga kuko ari cyo ababyeyi badusaba kandi ari na cyo igihugu kidutezeho, ndetse tugaharanira gutsinda. Sogokuru yarambwiye ati: "Mwebwe muri abajyambere, mukomeze muvome ubwenge, maze iki gihugu cyababyaye muzagiteze imbere, mugikungahaze, bityo ibyo muririmba mubishyire mu bikorwa." Sogokuru yankanguriye kwirinda amanjwe, nkitabira gukora icyo nshinzwe, nkirinda icyatuma abantu bashyamirana, bacikamo ibice.
Sogokuru yansobanuriye ko gukunda igihugu bidasaba kuba uri umuntu mukuru, ahubwo bisaba kwita ku cyo ushinzwe no kutabangamira inyungu rusange. Yanambwiye kandi ko ubufatanye ari intwaro yafashije abakurambere kugera ku byiza turirimba buri gitondo. Ati: "Namwe mukwiye kurangwa no gufashanya, abumva amasomo vuba kurusha abandi bagasobanurira abatayumva, abafite intege bagasindagiza abatazifite, abazima bakita ku barwaye, abanyangufu bakirinda guhutaza abatazifite." Abasangiye igihugu barangwa n'umutima wo gusangira ibyiza bafite, byaba bike, byaba byinshi, kandi bakabifata neza kugira ngo bidasenyuka. Gukunda igihugu si ukwita ku bariho ubu, ahubwo ni ukureba n'abazaza mu gihe kiri mbere. Gukunda igihugu si ukwiyitaho gusa wowe ubwawe ahubwo ni ukwita no ku bandi kuko iyo ugirira abandi ineza, nawe uba uyigirira. Ugira ineza ukayisanga imbere. Agaciro si imyaka ufite, ahubwo ni ibyo ushobora kwigezaho no kugeza ku bandi.
A. Inyunguramagambo
Sobanura aya magambo ukurikije uko yakoreshejwe mu mwandiko:
1. Abakurambere
2. Turatekanye
3. Ntawuduhutaza
4. Tutishishanya
5 Gutahiriza umugozi umwe
6. Intaho
7. Mugikungahaze
8. Amanjwe
9. Abanyarwanda ni bene mugabo umwe
Umwitozo w'inyunguramagambo
Soma, uhuze ijambo rivuye mu mwandiko n’igisobanuro
cyaryo ukoresheje akambi.
B. Ibibazo byo kumva umwandiko
Musubize ibi bibazo byo kumva umwandiko mu
magambo yanyu bwite.
1. Ni ba nde bavugwa muri uyu mwandiko?
2. Ni iki abanyeshuri bavugwa mu mwandiko bakora buri
gitondo?
3. Mu mwandiko batubwira ko uyu mwana uvugwamo iyo
baririmba iyi ndirimo yumva ameze ate?
4. Mu mwandiko batubwira ko sekuru w'uyu mwana ari izihe
nama yamugiriye?
5. Ni ibiki biranga abatuye u Rwanda bivugwa muri uyu
mwandiko?
6. Ni ibiki umuntu ukunda igihugu yakora?
7. Nk'umunyeshuri ukunda igihugu cyawe ni iki usabwa gukora?
C. Ibibazo byo gusesengura umwandiko
1. Vuga ingingo z'ingenzi n'iz'ingereka ziri mu mwandiko umaze
gusoma.
2. Ni irihe somo ukuye muri uyu mwandiko.
3. Ni izihe ngero z'indangagaciro zigaragara mu mwandiko?
D. Gutanga ibitekerezo mu nyandiko
Andika umwandiko utarengeje amapaji abiri, uvuga ku bikorwa
biranga umuntu ukunda igihugu ke.
1.2. Ndabaga umukobwa w’intwari
Ndabaga yavutse ari ikinege. Akiri uruhinja, se yagiye ku rugerero,
asigarana na nyina, akura atazi se. Akajya abaza nyina aho se yagiye,
na we akamusubiza ko yagiye ku rugerero akagumayo, bitewe n'uko
nta muhungu yabyaye wo kumukura, akaba ari nta n'umuvandimwe
agira wamusimbura.
Ndabaga atangira kwiga imirimo ya gihungu buhorobuhoro, nko kurasa,
gusimbuka, gutera icumu, gufora umuheto, kwiruka, mbese imirimo ya
gihungu yose arayitoza ayimarayo. Nuko Ndabaga ajya no mu bacuzi
kwisatuza amabere, barangije barayashiririza ngo adapfundura. Nyina
amubajije icyo abigirira, amusubiza ko agomba kwiga imirimo y'abahungu
kugira ngo azarengere se. Aho amariye kuva mu bwangavu abwira nyina
ko ashaka kujya kuramutsa se, akamubona na we akamumenya, ariko
cyanecyane akamukura ku rugerero. Nyina arabyemera amushakira
impamba, amuha Abanyabwishaza bagemuriye ababo ku rugerero
barajyana.
Ageze mu rugerero asaba abahungu b'ikigero ke kumwereka umuntu
witwa Nyamutezi. Abo abajije baramumwereka. Bararamukanya
baranezerwa. Bukeye Ndabaga abaza se icyatumye adataha, undi
amusubiza ko yabuze umusimbura kandi ko amaze kunanirwa kubera
ubusaza. Ndabaga amubwira ko icyamuzanye ari ukumukura maze
agataha akajya kuruhuka. Umusaza yatekereza ko Ndabaga ari
umukobwa akumva ko bitashoboka. Mu kumumara impungenge,
Ndabaga amubuza kuvuga ko ari umukobwa kuko yari yizeye ko imirimo
ya gihungu yose ayishoboye, kuko yayitoje bihagije. Ubwo yavugaga
nko kurasa, gutera icumu, kwiruka, gusimbuka...Anamwizeza ko iyo
atashoboye kumenyera iwabo kuko atari afite abayimwigisha, azayigira
ku rugerero. Mu kumuhinyuza, Nyamutezi amuha umuheto ngo arebe
ko yamasha, amushingira intego, Ndabaga arayihamya. Amuha icumu
amwereka aho aritera. Aho yamweretse araharenza. Amushakira
abahungu bangana ngo basiganwe, arabanikira. Se abibonye arabishima,
yemera kumwerekana, nk'umukura we, umugenga w'urugerero
aramwemerera arataha.
Ubwo Ndabaga asigara ku rugerero, yiga kwiyereka imyiyereko yariho
icyo gihe, yose arayimenya. Aba intore nziza arashimwa arakundwa
cyane! Kubera ko yayoborwaga mu byo akora byose akumvira akitonda
cyane, bahoraga bamutangaho urugero, bituma atanga abandi kugabana
inka nyinshi. Abandi babibonye bamugirira ishyari, kuko abarushije
kugabana inka nyinshi kandi aje vuba. Ubwo harimo n'ab'iwabo bamuzi,
bakajya bajujura ko Ndabaga abarushije kugabana kandi ari umukobwa!
Ababyumvise babibwira umwami. Bukeye umwami aramuhamagara,
amujyana ahiherereye, amubaza niba ari umuhungu, cyangwa se
umukobwa. Ndabaga ikibazo kiramukomerera pe! Akumva namubwira
ko ari umuhungu, akamurahiza akarahira, akamubwira kumwambarira
ubusa agasanga ari umukobwa, biri bumubere icyaha gikomeye ! Yakubita
agatima kuri se wavuze ko ari umuhungu, na bwo akumva nabihakana biri
bumubere na we icyaha kuko yabeshye ibwami ! Ndabaga biramuyobera
arashoberwa. Umwami akomeza kumubaza, undi agira ubwoba, ariko
bigeze aho ahitamo kumubwiza ukuri ko ari umukobwa kuko ari nta
kundi yashoboraga kubigenza. Umwami amubwira uburyo ibye byari
byaramuyobeye kuko yamurebaga agasanga afite ingingo za gikobwa,
kandi yaba arasa, atera icumu, yiruka, yiyereka, byose akabikorana
ubwitonzi nta matwara ya gihungu amurangwaho.
Amubaza icyatumye yiga imirimo y'abahungu, undi amutekerereza
uburyo se yagiye ku rugerero ari agahinja, akarinda amenya ubwenge
ataramubona. Mu kubaza nyina igituma atabona se, akamubwira ko
yagiye ku rugerero, kandi ko adashobora gutaha adafite umukura kuko
atabyaye umuhungu. Ibi akaba ari byo byatumye yitoza imirimo igenewe
abahungu kugira ngo azamucungure.
Umwami amaze kumva amagambo ya Ndabaga, atumiza Nyamutezi,
amubaza niba umwana we ari umukobwa cyangwa niba ari umuhungu.
Nyamutezi na we abanza kujijinganya nk'umukobwa we, ariko kuko byari
ngombwa kuvugisha ukuri, abwira umwami ko ari umukobwa. Abajijwe
icyatumye ashyira umukobwa mu itorero ry'abahungu, asubiza ko ari
uko yari amaze kunanirwa kubera ubusaza kandi agasanga umwana
we yari ashoboye imirimo ya gihungu. Umwami yaramuhumurije,
yiyemeza kumusezerera agataha, amuha inka nyinshi ariko asigarana
umukobwa yari yaramuhaye. Nyuma aza kuba umugore w'umwami
w'inkundwakaza. Kuva icyo gihe, umwami aca iteka ko ibinege bitagira
gikura bizajya bisezererwa bigataha nta yandi mananiza.
A. Inyunguramagambo
Sobanura aya magambo ukurikije uko yakoreshejwe
mu nteruro:
1. Ikinege
2. Urugerero
3. Kumukura
4. Azarengere
5. Umugenga
6. Kugabana inka
7. Yaramuhumurije
8. Guca iteka
Umwitozo w'inyunguramagambo
Tanga interuro ebyirebyiri kuri buri jambo muri aya akurikira:
1. Ikinege
2. Kumara impungenge
3. Umugenga
4. Umukura we
5. Itorero
B. Ibibazo byo kumva umwandiko
Musubize ibi bibazo byabajijwe ku mwandiko mu
magambo yanyu bwite, mutandukura interuro
zakoreshejwe mu mwandiko uko zakabaye.
1. Ni iki kivugwa muri uyu mwandiko?
2. Ni iyihe mirimo yari igenewe abahungu muri icyo gihe
Ndabaga yize gukora?
3. Ndabaga yabitewe n'iki kwiga imirimo ya gihungu?
4. Ndabaga abonanye na se yamugejejeho ikihe gitekerezo?
Umubyeyi we yabyakiriye ate?
5. Ndabaga ageze ku rugerero yitwaye ate?
6. Ni iki kigaragaza ko bagenzi be batishimiye iterambere
Ndabaga yagezeho? Babyitwayemo bate?
7. Mu kiganiro Ndabaga yagiranye n'umwami ni uwuhe muco
mwiza mukuyemo?
8. Ni iki cyatumye umwami aca iteka risonera abavutse ari
ibinege kujya ku rugerero?
9. Ni iki wakwigira kuri Ndabaga uhereye ku buryo yashoboye
imirimo yitwaga iya gihungu ubihuje n'ihame ry'uburinganire
bw'abahungu n'abakobwa muri iki gihe tugezemo?
C. Ibibazo byo gusesengura umwandiko
1. Vuga ingingo z'ingenzi ziri mu mwandiko umaze gusoma.
2. Tahura ingingo zigaragaza ubutwari ziri muri uyu mwandiko.
D. Umwitozo w'ubumenyingiro: kujya impaka no kungurana
ibitekerezo
Uhereye ku byiciro by'intwari mu Rwanda, uyu mukobwa
wamushyira mu kihe kiciro? Kubera iki?
E. Umukoro: gutanga ibitekerezo mu nyandiko
Andika umwandiko utarengeje amapaji abiri, uvuga ukuntu wumva
uzaba intwari ishimwa n'ababyeyi, abarezi ndetse n'Igihugu.
1.3. Kurwanya ruswa
Itariki ya 9 Ukuboza buri mwaka, yahariwe kurwanya ruswa ku isi hose.
Ruswa ni uburyo cyangwa igikorwa cyose cyo gukoresha nabi ububasha
wahawe ku nyungu zawe bwite cyangwa ku z'agatsiko runaka. Ruswa
igaragara ku buryo bwinshi. Hari uwakira amaturo cyangwa impano
binyuranye kugira ngo ukunde ukore icyo wagombaga gukora nta
kiguzi. Ni ukwanga kandi kugira icyo ukora kugira ngo utiteranya. Ni
ukudakorera igihe ibyo ugomba gukora kugira ngo ukugana namara
gusiragira kenshi, yibwirize agire icyo akurebera n'ibindi.
Impamvu ari ngombwa kurwanya ruswa, ni uko ibyo igihugu
cyagakoresheje mu nyungu rusange byikubirwa na bamwe, bigatuma
iterambere ridindira. Urugamba rwo kuyitsinda ntirwakoroha buri wese
atarugizemo uruhare. Kuki se umuntu yatanga ruswa kugira ngo ahabwe
cyangwa akorerwe icyo yemererwa n'amategeko nta kiguzi, kandi
abo ayiha baba bahembwa amafaranga ava mu misoro y'abaturage?
Ntibikwiye kandi ko umuntu yahabwa ibyo atagenewe, byari bigenewe
abandi babifitiye uburenganzira kubera ko yatanze inyoroshyo cyangwa
bitugukwaha.
Ni yo mpamvu mu rwego rwo kurengera inyungu z'abaturage, Leta
yashyizeho ingamba zitandukanye zo kurwanya ruswa. Muri izo
ngamba harimo ikoranabuhanga mu gutanga serivisi zinyuranye
ku baturage. Mu nkiko, hashyizweho uburyo bwo kugenzura uko
serivisi zitangwa n'ibyemezo bivugwamo akarengane. Hari kandi no
kugaragaza uburenganzira bw'umuburanyi, n'uwo yiyambaza mu
gihe ubwo burenganzira abwambuwe. Leta kandi ikangurira abagana
inkiko n'abakozi bazo kwamagana ruswa no gutangaza umuntu
wese waka cyangwa agatanga ruswa. Isaba inkiko guca imanza za
ruswa mu gihe kitarambiranye, no gushyikiriza Urwego rw'Umuvunyi
abahamwe n'icyaha cya ruswa, kugira ngo amazina yabo atangazwe,
bityo bakumirwe mu mirimo ya Leta. Hashyizweho kandi gahunda
ngarukamwaka y'icyumweru cyahariwe kurwanya ruswa n'udusanduku
tw'ibitekerezo, kugira ngo buri wese atange amakuru yatuma imikorere
y'inkiko ijya mbere.
Hashyizweho itegeko rigamije gukumira, kurwanya no guhana ruswa
n'ibyaha bifitanye isano na yo. Ni yo mpamvu ibigo bitanga serivisi
bisabwa kugira inyandiko igaragaza uburyo ibyemezo bifatwa,
kugaragaza igihe ntarengwa mu gufata ibyemezo n'amategeko
akurikizwa no kubahiriza amabwiriza agenga ipiganwa mu gutanga
amasoko n'akazi. Ibigo bisabwa kandi kugira ubugenzuzi bw'imikorere
n'ubw'imicungire y'umutungo, kugaragariza raporo abo igenewe, kugira
amabwiriza agenga abayobozi n'abakozi, kudasumbanya, kudatinza no
kutaburagiza ababagana bakeneye gukorerwa imirimo runaka.
Uwo ari we wese wakiriye cyangwa watse ruswa ku buryo ubwo ari
bwo bwose, cyangwa yirengagije ibyo amategeko amusaba gutunganya,
kubera ruswa yakiriye uko yaba iteye kose, agenerwa ibihano birimo
gufungwa no gucibwa ihazabu.
Nubwo ingamba zo kurwanya ruswa zigenda ziyongera, abaryi bayo
na bo bagenda bahindura uburyo bwo kuyirya. Buri muturarwanda
akaba asabwa kwirinda gutanga no kwakira ruswa mu buryo bwose,
agatanga amakuru y'uwaka ruswa n'uyitanga. Muri uru rugamba,
urubyiruko nk'imbaraga z'u Rwanda rw'ejo hazaza rugomba kugira
uruhare runini mu gukumira ruswa kugira ngo idakomeza kudindiza
iterambere ry'igihugu.
Mu bagomba gutungirwa agatoki ahavugwa ruswa, harimo by'umwihariko
Urwego rw'Umuvunyi kuko rufite mu nshingano kurwanya ruswa
n'akarengane, kugeza bicitse burundu mu Rwanda. Udashobora kugera
ku Muvunyi, na we ntaterera iyo ngo abaryi ba ruswa bakomeze
bidagadure. Hari udusanduku dukunze kuboneka ahantu hatandukanye
inzego z'ubutegetsi zikorera kugira ngo byorohereze abantu gutanga
amakuru kuri ruswa mu ibanga. Ruswa ni mbi imunga ubukungu
bw'igihugu, igatuma serivisi zitangwa nabi, iterambere duharanira
ntirigerweho
A. Inyunguramagambo
Mugeregeze gushaka ibisobanuro by'aya magambo
yakoreshejwe mu mwandiko.
1. Kudindira
2. Inyoroshyo
3 Ingamba
4. Ipiganwa
5. Kuburagiza
6. Ihazabu
Umwitozo w'inyunguramagambo
Tanga andi magambo avuga kimwe nk'amagambo
akurikira:
1. Ruswa
2. Kurwanya
3. Ingamba
4. Kudatinza
5. Gutungirwa agatoki
6. Guterera iyo
7. Kwidagadura
8. Kumunga
B. Ibibazo byo kumva umwandiko
Musubize ibi bibazo byabajijwe ku mwandiko mu
magambo yanyu bwite, mutandukura interuro
zakoreshejwe mu mwandiko uko zakabaye.
1. Ruswa ni iki?
2. Ni ubuhe buryo butandukanye bukoreshwa mu gutanga ruswa?
3. Sobanura uburyo gutanga no gufata ruswa bishobora
kudindiza iterambere ry'igihugu?
4. Ni kuki tugomba kurwanya ruswa?
5. Ni ibihe bihano bihabwa uwakiriye cyangwa uwatanze ruswa?
6. Ni izihe ngamba zafashwe murwego rwo kurwanya ruswa?
7. Ni ibiki buri muturage yakora mu rwego rwo kurwanya ruswa?
C. Ibibazo byo gusesengura umwandiko
1. Vuga ingingo z'ingenzi ziri mu mwandiko umaze gusoma.
2. Kora inshamake y'uyu mwandiko.
D. Umwitozo w'ubumenyingiro: Kungurana ibitekerezo
Uri umunyeshuri wiga mu mwaka ka gatanu w'amashuri abanza.
Ni uruhe ruhare wumva wagira mu rwego rwo gukumira ruswa no
kuyirwanya?
E. Umukoro: Gutanga ibitekerezo mu nyandiko
Hanga umuvugo uvuga ibibi bya ruswa ku buryo wawujyana mu
marushanwa yo ku munsi wahariwe kurwanya ruswa mu Rwanda.
1.4. Gukorera mu mucyo
Burya kuganira n'abantu bakuru ni ibintu byiza cyane. Sinari nzi icyo
gukorera mu mucyo ari cyo, nabibwiwe na sogokuru.
Rimwe naganiriye na sogokuru maze ampa impanuro agira ati: "Mwana
wange, nongeye kubigusaba nkomeje, uzabe umugabo wange umugayo.
Uzirinde kurimanganya. Uzirinde gukoresha amarangamutima,
urangwe no gushishoza, ukuri n'ubutabera. Muri make, uzaharanire
kuba inyangamugayo kandi ukorere mu mucyo". Kubera ko ntari
nasobanukiwe neza n'ibyo ambwira, ndamubaza nti: "Gukorera mu
mucyo ni iki? Bisabwa ba nde? Bikorwa gute?"
Sogokuru arambwira ati: "Gukorera mu mucyo ni ukuvugisha ukuri no
kudahishahisha ibyo ukora. Ntibaca umugani se ngo 'uwububa abonwa
n'uhagaze.' Burya ibyo ukorera mu bwihisho biba ari bibi kandi biratinda
bikagaragara." Gukorera mu mucyo rero ni uguhishurira abandi ibyo
ukora no kwemera ko bakugenzura ku buryo bashobora gutahura no
kugaragaza amakosa wakoze. Waba kandi warakoze neza na byo
bikamenyekana, ku buryo bibera abandi urugero kandi ukanabishimirwa.
Ikigamijwe mbere na mbere ni ugutuma abandi bakugirira ikizere.
Gukorera mu mucyo rero ni ukwirinda kubera cyangwa kurenganya.
Abanyarwanda baca umugani ngo 'Uwanga amazimwe abandwa
habona" kandi ngo "Ukuri guca mu ziko ntugushye." Gukorera mu mucyo
ni ukwanga amazimwe no kugaragaza ko ukoresha ukuri.
Abantu ba mbere basabwa gukorera mu mucyo ni abayobozi. Ubuyobozi
bukorera mu mucyo bushyira ahagaragara ibyo bukora n'impamvu
bikorwa; bugaragaza ugomba kubikora, n'icyo bigamije. Niba umuyobozi
afashe ibyemezo ni nk'urugero, nagaragaze impamvu yatumye abifata.
Niba hari imishinga iriho yagenewe amafaranga nayigaragaze,
agaragaze amafaranga nyayo ayiteganyirijwe. Niba yarashyizwe mu
bikorwa agaragaze ayayitanzweho, mbese anatume amakuru yose
abyerekeye ashobora kugerwaho.
Mu butabera ho birasanzwe ko urubanza rugombwa gucirwa mu ruhame.
Igihe hari abantu bagize icyo bapfa bakaregana mu bunzi cyangwa mu
rukiko, urubanza rugomba gucirwa mu ruhame, kugira ngo abantu bose
babone ko uwarenganywaga yarenganuwe.
Burya no mu ishuri hagomba kubaho gukorera mu mucyo. Abanyeshuri
bakunze kutemera amanota babonye cyane cyane iyo batsinzwe. Kugira
ngo ibyo bitabaho, umwarimu aba akwiye gufatanya n'abanyeshuri
gusubiza ibibazo byatanzwe mu mikoro inyuranye, abanyeshuri bakabona
uko byakosowe maze bakishirira amakenga. Abanyeshuri bagomba kandi
kugira uruhare mu micungire y'ikigo, bakamenya umutungo wacyo n'uko
ukoreshwa.
Buri muntu ku giti ke, agomba gukorera mu mucyo kuko kuvugisha
ukuri bireba buri wese. Umuntu ukorera mu mucyo ni we witwa
inyangamugayo kuko atishisha gushyira ahagaragara ibikorwa bye
byiza. Umucuruzi ukorera mu mucyo atanga imisoro uko bikwiye,
ntiyishore mu bucuruzi bwa magendu.
Gukorera mu mucyo ntibisaba ibintu bikomeye. Ku bayobozi, gukorera
mu mucyo ni ugushyira ahagaragara ibikorwa bakorera abaturage,
ndetse bakanabibatangariza batagombye kubibasaba. Bagomba rero
kutimana amakuru ku byo bakora kuko baba babikorera abaturage.
Iyo babihisha, ni uko biba birimo ruswa, ikimenyane cyangwa kunyereza
umutungo w'Igihugu.
Banyeshuri rero, nimukunde gukorera mu mucyo kandi mubiharanire.
Muzage mutangaza ibyo mubona bitagenda neza muzaba mushyigikiye
ko ukuri kujya ahagaragara.
A. Inyunguramagambo
Mugeregeze gushaka ibisobanuro by'aya magambo
yakoreshejwe mu mwandiko.
1. Impanuro
2. Kurimanganya
3. Inyangamugayo
4. Gutahura
5. Ubucuruzi bwa magendu
6. Sobanura iyi migani yakoreshejwe mu mwandiko:
a) Uwanga amazimwe abandwa habona
b) Ukuri guca mu ziko ntugushye
c) Uwububa abonwa n'uhagaze.
Umwitozo w'inyunguramagambo
Tanga andi magambo avuga kimwe nk'amagambo
akurikira:
1. Kubera
2. Kurenganya
B. Ibibazo byo kumva umwandiko
1. Ni iyihe nsangamatsiko iri kuvugwa muri uyu mwandiko?
2. Ni izihe nama sogokuru yagiriye umwanditsi w'uyu mwandiko?
3. Ni ibihe bibazo uyu mwana yabajije sekuru?
4. Ubona sekuru yaramushubije ku bibazo byose yabajije?
5. Gukorera mu mucyo ni iki?
6. Kuki tugomba gukorera mu mucyo?
7. Ni gute mu ishuri dushobora gukorera mu mucyo?
C. Umwitozo w'ubumenyingiro: kungurana ibitekerezo
1. Usibye ibikorwa bivugwa mu mwandiko wasomye nta bindi
bigaragaza uko abantu bakorera mu mucyo watanga?
2. Usibye akamaro ko gukorera mu mucyo kavugwa mu
mwandiko wasomwe nta kandi kamaro ko gukorera mu mucyo
wavuga?
D. Umukoro
Andika inkuru ivuga ku bikorwa biranga gukorera mu mucyo ndetse
n'akamaro ko gukorera mu mucyo.
1.5. Ingingo z’ingenzi zigize umwandiko
Mu matsinda nimwongere musome umwandiko "Gukorera mu
mucyo," maze mukoresheje ikaramu y'igiti, mugende muca
akarongo ku bitekerezo by'ingenzi biwugize.
1. Nimusubize ibi bibazo.
a. Ibitekerezo by'ingenzi mwasanze ari bingahe? Ni ibihe?
b. Mwabibonye gute?
c. Mwasanze se ibitekerezo by'ingenzi ari byo byubatse
insanganyamatsiko ivugwa mu mwandiko?
d. Mwabibonye mu kihe gice mu bice by'ingenzi bigize
umwandiko?
e. Mubona se ari byo twakwita ingingo z'ingenzi zigize
umwandiko?
f. Mugiye kuzandika mwazandika mute?
Umwanzuro
C. Umwitozo w'ubumenyingiro: kungurana ibitekerezo
1. Usibye ibikorwa bivugwa mu mwandiko wasomye nta bindi
bigaragaza uko abantu bakorera mu mucyo watanga?
2. Usibye akamaro ko gukorera mu mucyo kavugwa mu
mwandiko wasomwe nta kandi kamaro ko gukorera mu mucyo
wavuga?
D. Umukoro
Andika inkuru ivuga ku bikorwa biranga gukorera mu mucyo ndetse
n'akamaro ko gukorera mu mucyo.
1.5. Ingingo z’ingenzi zigize umwandiko
Mu matsinda nimwongere musome umwandiko "Gukorera mu
mucyo," maze mukoresheje ikaramu y'igiti, mugende muca
akarongo ku bitekerezo by'ingenzi biwugize.
1. Nimusubize ibi bibazo.
a. Ibitekerezo by'ingenzi mwasanze ari bingahe? Ni ibihe?
b. Mwabibonye gute?
c. Mwasanze se ibitekerezo by'ingenzi ari byo byubatse
insanganyamatsiko ivugwa mu mwandiko?
d. Mwabibonye mu kihe gice mu bice by'ingenzi bigize
umwandiko?
e. Mubona se ari byo twakwita ingingo z'ingenzi zigize
umwandiko?
f. Mugiye kuzandika mwazandika mute?
Buri mwandiko uba ufite insanganyamatsiko wubakiyeho kandi ukaba
ufite ibitekerezo ushaka kugeza ku bawusoma. Kugira ngo umwandiko
ushobore kumvikana neza, ibyo bitekerrezo biba bikurikirana kandi
byuzuzanya kuva ku ntangiriro y'umwandiko kugeza ku mpera yawo.
Izo ngingo z'ingenzi akenshi ni zo ziba zigize ibika bigize umwandiko,
ariko hari igihe ingingo imwe iba ndende ikaba yashyirwa mu bika
bibiri cyangwa birenga.
UMWANZURO
Iyo wasomye neza umwandiko ukawumva, izo ngingo z'ingenzi ni zo
usigarana mu mutwe.
Kuzitahura biroroshye kuko ziba zihuye n'ibitekerezo byatanzwe
n'umwanditsi. Mu kwandika ingingo z'ingenzi zigize umwandiko,
bazigaragarisha utunyerezo cyangwa nomero.
Umwitozo wo gusesengura umwandiko
1. Vuga ingingo z'ingenzi ziri mu mwandiko umaze gusoma.
2. Kora inshamake y'uyu mwandiko.
1.6. Inshamake y’umwandiko
Muhereye ku ngingo z'ingenzi mwatondekanyije, nimugende
muzihuza mukore interuro ziboneye kandi zumvikanisha neza
ibitekerezo bizikubiyemo.
Inshamake y'umwandiko "Gukorera mu mucy".
Sekuru w'umwana yamuhaye impanuro agira ati: "Uzaharanire gukorera
mu mucyo ube inyangamugayo." Nuko umwana amubaza gukorera mu
mucyo icyo ari cyo, abasabwa gukorera mu mucyo abo ari bo, n'uburyo
bikorwa.
Sekuru amusobanurira ko gukorera mu mucyo ari ukugendera ku kuri
no gushyira ahagaragara ibyo ukora. Abo bisabwa cyane ni abayobozi
kuko baba bahagarariye inyungu z'abaturage. Mu butabera ho ni ihame
kuko urubanza rugomba gucibwa abantu bose bareba. Mu mashuri na ho
birakwiye kuko abanyeshuri baba bagomba kwerekwa uko bakosowe,
kandi bagahabwa uruhare mu micungire y'ikigo cyabo. Buri muntu rero,
wese asabwa gukorera mu mucyo kuko ari byo bituma agaragara nk'
inyangamugayo.
Gukorera mu mucyo biroroshye kuko icya ngombwa ari ukureka
amakuru y'ibyo ukora akajya ahagaragara ndetse ukagira uruhare mu
kuyatangaza.
Ibibazo byo gusubiza:
1. Mwabigenje mute kugira ngo mukore interuro zumvikana muri ibyo
bitekerezo by'ingenzi?
2. Mumaze gukora umwandiko muri izo nteruro, murabona hari
isano ufitanye n'umwandiko muremure izo ngingo z'ingenzi zakuwemo?
3. Uwo mwandiko mwabonye ureshya ute, mugereranyije n'uwo
mwakuyemo ibitekerezo by'ingenzi mwahurije mu wo mumaze
gukora?
4. Muhereye ku burebure bwawo mwawita iki?
5. Noneho muhereye ku byo mumaze gusoma, mwavuga ko inshamake
ari iki? Ihinamwandiko ryo se ni iki?
6. Mwabigenje mute kugira ngo mwubake uwo mwandiko ku buryo
ibyo mwagendeyeho mwabyita amabwiriza agenga icyo gikorwa
mwakoze?
7. Ni iyihe myanzuro mwafata ku byo mumaze gukora?
1. Inshoza y'inshamake y'umwandiko
Inshamake y'umwandiko ni umwandiko mugufi wumvikana neza
ubumbye ingingo z'ingenzi z'umwandiko wari muremure. Iyo wandika
inshamake ugenda ushyira ibyungo, ibika n'andi magambo akenewe
mu ngingo z'ingenzi wabonye kugira ngo ube umwandiko w'imbumbe,
atari interuro imwe iri ukwayo indi ukwayo. Uwo mwitozo ni wo witwa
"ihinamwandiko."
2. Inshoza y'ihinamwandiko
Ihinamwandiko ni ijambo ribumbye amagambo abiri: ihina riva ku
nshinga "guhina" isobanura "kugira ikintu kigufi cyangwa kuvuga
ibyabaye muri make"; hari kandi n'ijambo
"umwandiko" risobanura inkuru yanditse.
Ihinamwandiko ni ukuvuga cyangwa kwandika muri make ibyavuzwe
mu mwandiko udahinduye ibitekerezo byawutanzwemo.
Ukora ihinamwandiko ahera ku bibazo umuntu yagenda yibaza
biganisha ku bisubizo birimo ingingo z'ingenzi zigize umwandiko.
Iyo uhina umwandiko cyangwa uvuga ibyavuzwemo mu nshamake, ni
ingingo z'ingenzi uvuga.
3. Amabwiriza y'ihinamwandiko
1. Gusoma witonze, inshuro ebyiri cyangwa eshatu umwandiko
ugomba guhina.
2. Gusoma igika ku kindi, ugaragaza ingingo z'ingenzi zigize buri
gika;
3. Kwita ku gihe umwandiko wahimbiwemo (impitagihe, inzagihe,
indagihe).
4. Uhina akoresha amagambo n'imvugo bye, ariko ntagomba
guhindura ibitekerezo biri mu mwandiko ahina ngo yivugire
ibye.
5. Iyo nta burebure bwagenwe, inshamake igomba kungana na
kimwe cya kane cy'uburebure bw'umwandiko.
Iyo ari ngombwa gukora inshamake yanditse:
- Nta magambo ahinnye, nka cg, amaf.,... bigomba gushyirwa mu
nshamake kugira ngo ubone uko wandika ibintu byinshi.
- Nta kwandika mu mibare.
- Irinde gushyira nomero cyangwa utunyerezo ku bika bigize
inshamake kuko icyo gihe zaba ari ingingo z'ingenzi uri kurondora.
Umwitozo:
Hina umwandiko "Dukunda igihugu cyacu" mu mirongo itarenze
icumi
1.7. Igitekerezo cya Nyamutegerakazaza
Umugabo Nyamutegerakazaza wari utuye i Gihinga na Gihindamuyaga
yashatse umugore, ariko mu gihe yari atwite ari hafi kubyara, umugabo
ararwara, indwara imugezayo. Ageze aho ajya kuraguza, bamubwira
ko umugore we atwite inda y'umuhungu, ariko ko atazamubona, kuko
azavuka yarapfuye.
Nyamutegerakazaza yumvise ko agiye gupfa ntiyacika intege, ahubwo
atangira gutekereza icyo yakora kugira ngo ateganyirize umwana we.
Nuko yigira inama yo gusiga amusabiye umukobwa, akanamukwerera,
kugira ngo namara gukura atazabura umugore cyangwa akabura
umusabira.
Bukeye, Nyamutegerakazaza areba inka z'imbyeyi n'ibimasa, areba,
intama, areba ihene, amasaka, impu n' impuzu nyinshi, ashaka abagaragu
bo kubimutwaza. Nuko ashyira nzira, ajya gushaka aho yasabira
umwana wari ukiri mu nda.
Ngo bagere imbere, abona ifuku yafashwe n'umutego. Arayitegura,
arangije ayiha amasaka irahembuka. Igiye kugenda iramubaza, iti:
"Witwa nde ko ungiriye neza?" Arayibwira. Na yo iramubwira iti: "Genda
igihe nikigera nzitura iyi neza ungiriye."
Barakomeza, bageze imbere bahura n' imbeba zishonje ziri kuguguna
ibyatsi. Zibonye amasaka ziramusaba ziti: "Dufungurire!" Aziha amasaka
n' impu n'impuzu. Agiye kugenda ziramubaza ziti: "Wa mugabo we witwa
nde ko utugiriye neza?" Arazibwira. Ziti: "Genda umugeni uzamubona
kandi igihe nikigera tuzitura umwana wawe iyi neza utugiriye."
Nyamutegerakazaza arakomeza aragenda. Ageze mu ishyamba, ahura
n'intare ishaje, itagishoboye guhiga. Intare iramubwira iti: "Wamfunguriye."
Nyamutegerakazaza ayiha akamasa. Mbere y'uko igafata, iramubaza iti:
"None ko ungiriye neza witwa nde?" Nyamutegerakazaza arayibwira,
ati:"Ndi Nyamutegerakazaza nturutse i Gihinga na Gihindamuyaga,
ngiye gukwerera umwana ukiri mu nda." Intare iramubwira iti: "Genda
umugeni uramubona."
Yigiye imbere ahura n’ isazi n’ ishwima. Isazi zimusaba kuziha impu
zikanyunyuzamo ibizitunga, naho ishwima zimusaba gushwitura
ibirondwe ku nka yari ashoreye. Nyamutegerakazaza asaba abari
bamutwaje guhagarara. Ahambura impu aziha isazi zitururaho, naho
ishwima zishwitura ibirondwe ku nka zirahaga. Birangije, biti: "Noneho
twibwire, tuzakwiture iyi neza utugiriye. Nyamutegerakazaza abibwira
izina rye. Biti: "Genda rero umugeni uramubona."
Nyamutegerakazaza, n'abikorezi be bakomeza urugendo. Aza guhura
n' umugabo uvuye mu rugo rwe, na we yari afite umugore utwite inda
y’ uburiza. Nyamutegerakazaza aramusuhuza, arangije aramwibwira
amubwira n' ikimugenza. Umugabo ati:"Nta mukobwa mfite, icyakora
umugore wange aratwite."Undi ati: "Yewe! Iyo nda ni yo nshaka, kuko
n' uwo nsabira ntaravuka. Ndagukwera, maze nubyara umukobwa
uzamushyingire umwana wange." Umugabo ati: "Ibyo na byo! Nyihera
inka, umugeni ndamukwemereye. Yaba uzavuka mu nda umugore wange
atwite cyangwa uzakurikiraho."Nuko amutura amayoga, baranywa,
arangije amuha inka yo kumukwera, barikubura barataha.
Nyamutegerakazaza ageze mu rugo ahamagara umugore we,
aramubwira, ati: "Dore nagiye ngirira neza abantu bose, n'ibintu
byose. Izina ryange rizwi neza hose. None uzabyara umwana
w'umuhungu narapfuye, ntuzagire izina umwita, bazage bamwita mwene
Nyamutegerakazaza." Umugore arikiriza.
Nyamutegerakazaza ageze imuhira, amara iminsi mike arapfa. Bitinze
umugore we abyara umwana w'umuhungu ntiyamwita izina koko.
Umwana arakura, agera ubwo aba umusore, bakajya bamwita.
"mwene Nyamutegerakazaza". Amaze kuba umusore aza kubaza
nyina ati: "Data aba hehe?" Nyina aramusubiza ati: "So yarapfuye."
Umwana yongera kumubaza ati: "Ese yitwaga nde? " Nyina ati: "Yitwaga
Nyamutegerakazaza. Yari yaragiye inyuma y'ishyamba, asiga agushakiye
umugeni, avuyeyo aherako arapfa." Umwana ati: "Nzajya kureba aho
hantu data yajyanye inka zo kunkwerera."
Bukeye umwana afata impamba, arahaguruka ajya kureba aho se
yasize amusabiye umugeni. Aragenda, agiye kugera ku ishyamba
ahura n'ifuku. Ziramubaza ziti: "Witwa nde wa musore we ko tubona
ujya gusa na wa mugabo watugiriye neza?" Arazibwira ati: "Ndi
mwene Nyamutegerakazaza." Ifuku ziti: "Genda ariko umenye ko aho
ugiye bazakurushya, uzemere uruhe. Nibakohereza guhinga, uzageyo
uzahadusanga." Arazishimira, arangije akomeza inzira y'ishyamba, ifuku
na zo zinyura mu myobo, ziramukurikira.
Yigiye imbere ahura n' imbeba ziti: "Uri nde?" Arazibwira. Imbeba
zitema ishyamba arahita. Zirangije ziramuherekeza, zimwereka urugo
se yamusabiyemo umugeni. Nuko ahageze baramuzimanira, barangije
baramubaza bati: "Uri nde ko tutakumenye?" Arabasubiza, ati: "Ndi
mwene Nyamutegerakazaza waje gukwa inda." Babyumvise barumirwa,
kuko umugeni we bari baramushyingiye ahandi. Ni ko kwigira inama
yo kumurushya kugira ngo bamunanize, atahe atamubonye.
Nuko basaba abashumba kugishisha inka zose, kugira ngo bamubwire
ko inka se yabakwereye yari irwaye igahita ipfa, ko nta nka n'imwe
ibarizwa muri urwo rugo. Abashumba bakigeza inka mu ishyamba,
imvura irashoka. Intare yari yabimenye iratontoma, itera abashumba
ubwoba, barazishorera bazisubiza mu rugo. Mu gihe bari batangiye
kubimubwira babona inka zose zirahasesekaye.
Babonye ibyo bidakunze, bamuha ikigeragezo, bati: "Noneho muri iri
shyo ry'inka, genda utwereke izikomoka ku yo so yakoye." Mwene
Nyamutegerakazaza abyumvise arumirwa, kuko atari azizi. Muri ako
kanya, ishwima imunyura hejuru iguruka, iramwongorera, iti:" Inka
tugiye kugwaho uvuge ko ari zo zikomoka ku yo so yakoye." Umusore
ajya mu ishyo, inka ishwima iguyeho akayikoraho, arinda azihetura
atibagiwemo n'imwe.
Bamuha ikindi kigeragezo bati: "Maze rero ntitwashyingira umukobwa
wacu umugabo uzamwicisha inzara. Dore isuka, ugende uhinge uriya
mushike, nukunanira, witahire." Umusore isuka arayifata. Bamweretse
umushike arumirwa, kuko uburyo hari hanini, ntiyari gushobora
kuharangiza mbere y'uko agera mu gihe cy'ubukambwe. Nyamara apfa
kujyamo aratangira ararima. Muri ako kanya, za fuku zanyuze iy'ikuzimu
ziba zirahasesekaye, ziramufasha, mu kanya wa mushike wose uba
uhindutse intabire.
Babibonye batumaho umugore we iyo bari baramushyingiye, azana
n'abana yari amaze kuhabyarira. Bazana abagore benshi, barimo uwo
se yamukwereye babakoranyiriza hamwe. Baramubwira bati: "Dore
aba bagore barimo uwo so yagukwereye, numumenya ukamufata
akaboko, turamuguha umujyane. Isazi imujya mu gutwi iti: "Uwo ngwa
ku jisho akikoma ku gahanga, abe ari we ufata akaboko." Nuko wa
musore arabegera, agenda asa n'ushishoza nk'ubazi neza, agiye kubona
abona uwo isazi iguye ku jisho, yikomye ku gahanga amufata akaboko
aseka, ati: "Uyu ni we wange." Umugore na we aramuhobera, basabwa
n'ibyishimo, abari aho bose babaha amashyi n'impundu.
Nuko bengesha amayoga, babanza gusubiza uwari umutunze ibyo yari
yarakoye, barangije baramushyingira. Bamuha inka, bamuha imyaka,
bamuha abikorezi baramuherekeza atwara umugore we n'abana be yari
amaze kubyara, aratunga aratunaginirwa.
Ineza iratinda ntihera.
Gira so yiturwa indi.
Akebo kajya iwa Mugarura.
A. Inyunguramagambo
Nimushake ibisobanuro by'aya magambo mukurikije
uko yakoreshejwe mu mwandiko:
kuraguza, ashyira nzira, kwitura ineza, ishwima, gushwitura ibirondwe,
inda y'uburiza, izina ryange rizwi neza hose, impamba, ifuku, impu,
impuzu, ibirondwe, barikubura barataha, kugishisha, ishyo, ubukambwe,
kwikoma isazi, gusabwa n'ibyishimo, impundu, gutunga ugatunganirwa.
Umwitozo w'inyunguramagambo
1. Koresha aya magambo mu nteruro ziboneye.
a) Kwitura ineza
b) Ishyo
c) Gusabwa n'ibyishimo
d) Gutunga ugatunganirwa.
2. Nimusobanure iyi migani muvuge n'igihe yakoreshwa:
a) Ineza iratinda ntihera.
b) Gira so yiturwa indi.
c) Akebo kajya iwa Mugarura.
B. Ibibazo byo kumva umwandiko
Nimusubize ibibazo byabajijwe ku mwandiko mu
magambo yanyu bwite mutandukuye interuro ziri mu
mwandiko.
1. Kuki Nyamutegerakazaza yanze kwita umwana we izina
agashaka ngo bazage bamwita "mwene Nyamutegerakazaza?"
2. Iyo Nyamutegerakazaza aba yaragiye agira nabi yari kwifuza
ko umwana we yitwa kuriya?
3. Uretse gusiga amukwerereye ubona ikintu kiza kiruta ibindi
Nyamutegerakazaza yasigiye umwana we ari iki?
4. Wowe umenye ko uzapfa vuba aha wakora iki?
5. Ese ko n'ubundi buri muntu aba agomba kuzapfa umunsi
umwe, ubona abantu babaho nk'aho bazapfa ngo bateganyirize
abana babo?
6. Iki gitekerezo kiratwigisha irihe somo ry'ingenzi?
7. Mu mwandiko baravugamo ko Nyamutegerakazaza yagiye
gukwera umwana utaravuka kandi agakwa inda itaravuka.
Kuri ubu ubona bishoboka?
8. Muri iki gihe ni ibihe bikorwa abantu bakora iyo bashatse
kuzigamira umwana ukiri muto cyangwa utaravuka?
D. Kungurana ibitekerezo no kujya impaka
Umukobwa Nyamutegerakazaza yari yarakwereye umuhungu we,
yaje gusanga baramushyingiye ahandi. Ku bwawe ubona batari
barahemutse?
E. Ibibazo byo gusesengura umwandiko
1. Ukeka ko uyu Nyamutegerakazaza yabayeho? Ni iki gisa
n'ikigaragaza ko yabayeho?
2. Bavuga ko yari atuye he?
3. Hari igihe bavuga yabereyeho?
4. Uhereye kuri ibi uyu mwandiko wawita iki?
5. Igitekerezo cyo muri rubanda rero kirangwa n'iki?
Inshoza n'uturango by'igitekerezo cyo muri rubanda
Kugira ngo tumenye ubwoko bw'umwandiko tureba uko utangira n'uko
usozwa n'ibivugwamo.
Duhereye kuri iki gitekerezo cya Nyamutegerakazaza dushobora
kwibaza ibibazo bikurikira:
A. Duhereye ku buryo utangira n'uburyo usozwa
1. Uyu mwandiko utangira ute?
2. Usozwa ute?
3. Iyo uba utangizwa na kera habayeho ugasozwa na si nge
wahera byaba bihagije kugira ngo witwe umugani muremure?
B. Duhereye ku bivugwamo.
1. Muhereye ku bivugwa muri uyu mwandiko n'uburyo bivugwa
haba hari ibigaragaza ko uyu Nyamutegerakazaza yaba
yarabayeho kandi agakora ibivugwa muri uyu mwandiko koko?
2. Ubundi ni iki kigaragaza ko ibivugwa byabayeho ku buryo
dushobora kubyemera?
3. Hari ahantu tuzi ibivugwa byabereye? Igihe byabereye se hari
icyavuzwe mu mwandiko?
4. Ni iki kigaragaza ko bitabayeho ku buryo tubona ari
ibihimbano?
Inshoza
Igitekerezo cyo muri rubanda ni igihangano cy'ubuvanganzo kijya
gusa n'umugani, bigatandukanywa n'uko cyo kidatangizwa na kera
habayeho ngo kirangizwe na si nge wahera.
Uturango
Mu gitekerezo cya rubanda havugwamo:
Umuntu utari umwami ariko witwara nk'igihangange rubanda
batwerera ibikorwa bigaragara nk'ibyabayeho ariko bivanzemo
n'ibigaragara nk'ibitangaza.
Muri make ibiranga igitekerezo cyo muri rubanda ni ibi bikurikira:
1. Uburyo bwo kubara inkuru mu bitekerezo
Ntibitangizwa na kera habayeho ngo birangizwe na si nge wahera,
kuko iyo bigenze gutyo kiba gihindutse umugani.
Bishingira ku mazina y'abantu babayeho, cyangwa bagaragara
nk'ababayeho mu mateka kuko usanga ari abantu bagenda
bavugwaho ku buryo butandukanye.
Bigaragaramo amakabyankuru n'ibitangaza.
2. Igihe n'ahantu:
a) Igihe: Ibitekerezo bya rubanda ntibitanga amacishirizo
agaragaza neza igihe ibintu byabereye.
b) Ahantu: Mu bitekerezo bya rubanda dusangamo kenshi
ahantu hazwi ibivugwa byabereye, aho igihangange kivugwa
cyari gituye, imisozi izwi iriho na n'ubu, ndetse n'ibintu bifatika
bigaragara nk'ibimenyetso byasizwe n'igihangange kivugwa mu
gitekerezo cya rubanda. Aha twatanga nk'ingero zikurikira:
Muri iki gitekerezo cya Nyamutegerakazaza: Havugwamo
aho yari atuye: I Gihinga na Gihindamuyaga ni imisozi izwi iri mu
Ntara y'Amajyepfo.
Mu gitekerezo cya Ngunda havugwamo ko imsozi yose y'u
Rwanda ari amabimba Ngunda yahingaga. Ni we wayihanze. Mu
Rwanda hari aho usanga udusozi twegeranye bakatwita amabimba
ya Ngunda.
Mu gitekerezo cya Cacana havugwamo:
Imisozi yose Cacana yaciyeho ahunga urupfu kuva mu magepfo
kugera mu majyaruguru. Ni imisozi iriho inazwi na n'ubu. Aho Cacana
yarwaniye n'urupfu ku gasozi ka Zoko. Ubu ni mu Murenge wa Mutete,
Akarere ka Gicumbi, Intara y'Amajyaruguru.
Izi ngero z'ahantu hazwi hariho na n'ubu ni zo usanga zishinga
itandukaniro rigaragara hagati y'igitekerezo n'umugani muremure,
kuko wo utagira utu turango two kuvuga ahantu hazwi ibintu
byabereye ku buryo byatera gutekereza ko ibivugwa byabayeho.
Nyamara igitekerezo cya rubanda cyo kizanamo utwo turango kugira
ngo ubyumva arusheho gusa n'uwemera ibivugwa nk'aho ari ukuri.
3. Amakabyankuru n'ibitangaza:
Muri iki gitekerezo cya Nyamutegerakazaza inyamaswa ziravuga,
zizi ubwenge, zifasha abantu ku buryo butangaje, zizi ibizabaho mu
gihe kiri imbere.
Ibi rero biri mu turango dutuma igitekerezo cya rubanda kegerana
cyane n'umugani muremure mu bibiranga.
4. Isomo mu buzima:
Buri gitekerezo kiba gifite isomo kifuza kutwigisha. Muri iki gitekerezo
cya Nyamutegerakazaza baratwigisha guteganyiriza ejo hazaza
no kugerageza gusiga izina ryiza tugira neza aho tunyuze hose,
kugira ngo tutagenda twitwa ba ruvumwa. Ineza tugize tuyiturwa
ku buryo butandukanye kandi abo dusize bakabyungukiramo. Buri
muntu yari akwiye kwitwara nka Nyamutegerakazaza kuko buri
wese azi ko umunsi umwe azapfa, nyamara izina ryiza ryo ntiripfa
F. Gutekereza ku buryo bwimbitse no gutanga ibitekerezo
ku bivugwa mu mwandiko.
Insanganyamatsiko yo kujyaho impaka:
Mwene Nyamutegerakazaza amaze gutsinda ibigeragezo byose
bamushyizeho, bamuhaye umugore we ndetse n'abana yari yarabyaye
mu rugo yari yarashatsemo arabegukana. Ubona byari bikwiye ko
ajyana umugore n'abana atabyaye?
G. Guhanga bandika
Wumva ikintu kiza umubyeyi wawe yagukorera none kugira ngo
aguteganyirize neza ari ikihe? Yaguteganyiriza uburyo uzashaka?
Yakurihira amashuri? Yakubikira amafaranga menshi muri banki?
Sobanura impamvu wumva icyo uhisemo ari cyo kiza kuruta ibindi
H. Umukoro mu matsinda.
Hari ibindi bitekerezo bya rubanda byiza byo gusoma: Icya Ngunda,
ibya Semuhanuka, Igitekerezo cya Cacana n'ibindi. Shakisha ibitabo
birimo maze ubisome kugira ngo urusheho kwagura ubumenyi no
kumva amasomo bitwigisha
1.8. Ikeshamvugo ku nka, amata n’igisabo
1. Nimusome aka kandiko maze mugende musimbuza
amagambo aciyeho akarongo andi akoreshwa mu
mvugo iboneye mu Kinyarwanda.
Mu muco nyarwanda inka, amata n'igisabo ni ibintu byubahirizwa cyane
mu Rwanda. Inka ifatwa nk'ikimenyetso cy'ubukungu ku buryo buri
wese yumva yayitunga ngo imuhe amata. Hambere, amata iyo yabaga
yakamwe bayasukaga mu gisabo yamara gufata, bakayazunguzamo
akavamo amavuta yatekwaga mu biryo ari byo bitaga ibirunge cyangwa
akisigwa bakayita ikimuri.
Inka zanyweraga mu cyobo badahiyemo amazi, zamara kunywa amazi,
zikaryama.
Kugira inka cyari ikimenyetso cy'ubukungu ku buryo abantu
bashimishwaga no gutunga inka nyinshi zigabanyije mu matsinda, yabaga
ari hirya no hino mu gihugu.
2. Nimugaragaze buri jambo n'iryarisimbuye mu
mbonerahamwe iteye itya:
Imyitozo
1. Simbuza amagambo adakwiye gukoreshwa andi
yabugenewe, maze usanishe uko bikwiye interuro,
kugira ngo zibe ziboneye.
Bwira ba bakozi baragira inka uti: "Nimubyuke dore bwakeye mutangire
gukama kandi mukame n'ingonga, hanyuma amata muyasuke mu bisabo
maze mujyane inka mu rwuri. Igihe cyo kunywa amazi nikigera, muzijyane
kuri cya kinogo twazisukiyemo amazi ejo.
Abana bazo mubashyire mu nzu yabo, umwe muri mwe aze kubahirira
ubwatsi. Ubwo araza no koza ibyansi, abyanike ku gatanda, kandi ibisabo
bitarimo amata, abimanike hariya ku rutara.
Amata mukimara gukama muge mufateho ayo muguriha andi muyahe
abana bayanywe ariko mwabanje kuyateka. Muge kandi mwirinda
kuyamena mu gihe muri kuyasuka mu bisabo. Hanyuma ariya mabyi
yazo muze kuyayora, kandi muzishakire indi saso."
Isuzuma risoza umutwe wa mbere
Umwandiko: Indangagaciro z'Umunyarwanda
Indangagaciro ziranga umuco nyarwanda ni nk'amahame
Abanyarwarwanda bagenderaho amwe ababuza gukora ikibi n'andi
abategeka gukora ikiza.
Indangagaciro zikwiye kuranga umuntu kuva akiri muto twavugamo
izi zikurukira: guharanira ubumwe bw'Abanyarwanda, kwakira neza
abatugana, kwita ku batishoboye, kudahemuka no gukorana umwete.
Nyamara si zo ndangagaciro zonyinye ziranga Abanyarwanda.
Mu migenzereze yabo, Abanyarwanda hafi ya bose bubaha Imana
bikagaragaza ukwicisha bugufi. Ibyo bigaragarira mu mazina bita
abana babo no mu mvugo bakoresha umunsi ku munsi, zirimo imigani
y'imigenurano, indamukanyo n'intashyo zabo. Iyo basuhuzanya bagira
bati: "Mwaramukanye Imana?" Basezeranaho Bati: "Mubane n'Imana,
cyangwa bati: "Imana ibarinde."
Indangagaciro ziranga umuntu we ubwe ziza ku rwego rwa kabiri, zikaba
ari indangagaciro zituma yihesha ishema mu bandi. Muri zo twavuga
nko kwiyubaha ukirinda kwiyandarika, gukora ukirinda kuba inyanda
kuko agaciro kawe gashingiye ku byo wagezeho wowe ubwawe, utibye,
utandavuye cyangwa ngo uhemuke.
Hakurikiraho indangagaciro zihuza abantu bo mu muryango umwe,
zishingira cyane ku bumwe bw'abagize umuryango, gufashanya no
gutabarana. Izo rero ni indangagaciro ziranga umuryango ari wo shingiro
ry'imibanire y'abantu. Abanyarwanda bemera ko habaho "ndinda" ebyiri.
Umwana ukiri muto aravuga ati:"Ndida dawe." Umubyeyi na we yamara
gusaza akitabaza umwana we agira ati: "Ndinda mwana wange."
Ababyeyi rero uko batwitayeho tukiri abana bato, ni ko natwe tugomba
kubitaho bamaze gusaza tukabasazisha neza. Umubyeyi utita ku bana
be bakandagara, aba yihemukira we bwe. Nyamara n'abana bibagirwa
ababyeyi babo ntibabiteho igihe bageze mu za bukuru, baba babaye
ibigwari, bakabita "ibirumbo."
Hari kandi indangagaciro zidusabanya n'abandi bantu zikadutegeka
gusakaza umubano mwiza mu bantu no kuwusigasira. Umunyarwanda
uhuye n'undi muntu n'iyo baba bataziranye aramusuhuza, batandukana
akamusezeraho.
Muri izo ndagagaciro harimo izitubuza guhemuka, kubeshya no
kubeshyera abandi, gukwiza amacakubiri n'inzangano mu bantu. Harimo
kandi izidutegeka gutabara abari mu kaga, kubaha abandi, kwakirana
urugwiro abantu bose nta vangura, gushima uwakoze neza ukagaya
uwahemutse, no kwirinda ishyari risenya.
Uretse izo ndangagaciro zikwiye kuranga umunyarwanda ku giti ke
cyangwa mu mibanire ye n'abandi, hari kandi indangagaciro zimuranga nk'
umwenegihugu. Umunyarwanda aharanira kurinda ubusugire bw'Igihugu
ke, kukirwanira ishyaka, akirinda kugitera cyangwa kugisahura.
Izi ndangagaciro n'izindi tutarondoye, ni ryo shema ry' Abanyarwanda,
ni zo pfundo ry'umuco udutandukanya n'abatari Abanyarwanda.
I. Inyunguramagambo
Uhereye ku buryo yakoreshejwe mu mwandiko, gerageza
gusobanura aya magambo maze ukoreshe buri ryose mu
nteruro iboneye
1. Amahame. 2. Kwandavura.
3. Ibirumbo. 4. Gusakaza ikintu.
II. Ibibazo byo kumva umwandiko:
1. Agaciro k'umuntu gashingira ku ki?
2. Ukurikije uko ryakoreshejwe mu mwandiko, ijambo "ndinda"
risobanura iki?
3. Ni izihe ndangagaciro zikwiye kuranga umuntu we ubwe?
4. Ni izihe ndangagaciro ziranga abantu bahuriye mu muryango
umwe ?
5. Umubano mwiza mu bantu usakara ute?
III. Ibindi bibazo bijyanye n'umwandiko
Indangagaciro akenshi usanga zifite imbusane zazo, ni
ukuvuga ko iyo hatari ikiza haba hari ikibi. Gerageza
gutanga imbusane z'izi ndangagaciro:
1. Ubumwe. 2. Urugwiro. 3. Kubaha.
4. Gutabararana. 5. Kuvugisha ukuri. 6. Gushima.
IV. Guhina umwandiko:
Andika interuro imwe ikubiyemo iby'ingenzi bivugwa muri uyu
mwandiko.
V. Kubaka interuro ziboneye:
Shyira utwatuzo dukwiye ahari akanyerezo mu nteruro
zigize aka gace k'umwundiko:
Ese uwavuga ibyo_ umuco nyarwanda yahera he_Yewe, ibyiza
by'umuco nyarwanda ntawabirondora ngo abirangize_Abanyarwanda
bafite umuco bihariye ubatandukanya n'abanyamahanga_None wowe
ntumaze kumenya imyinshi mu migenzo myiza y'umuco wacu_Ngaho
nawe gira icyo uvuga da_
VI. Ikeshamvugo
Uzurisha amagambo yabugenewe ku nka, ku mata no ku
gisabo ahari utudomo, aciyeho akarongo na yo uyasimbuze
imvugo iboneye.
Kera Abanyarwanda baragiraga ku gasozi, bakagira inka nyinshi
zigabanyije mu matsinda. Iyo inka zabaga zitashye ............
bagakama. Hari abantu babaga bazi gukama ningoga, bagakama
inka nyinshi mu mwanya muto. Amata bayakamiraga mu ............
bakayabuganiza mu ............
Babaga bafite kandi ibisabo byinshi bimwe bimanitse, ibindi
biteretsemo amata. Ku munsi wo gucunda, amata bayasukaga mu
bisabo bakayacunda, hanyuma bagakuramo amavuta.
VII. Ihangamwandiko
Andika umwandiko utarengeje ipaji imwe uvuga uburyo
ukunda igihugu cyawe cy'u Rwanda n'icyo ugikundira.Files: 3Labels: 6
IBIBAZO BY’ISUZUMA
IBIBAZO BY’ISUZUMA
Umwaka wa 5 Amashuri abanza Isomo: Ikinyarwanda
UMUTWE WA 2: Kwimakaza uburenganzira bwa muntu


text:
Musenyeri Phocas Nikwigize yishwe urw'agashinyaguro (Padiri Thomas Nahimana)
(www.leprophete.fr)
« Iriya nterahamwe mwita Bishop Phocas Nikwigize, twamukaniye urumukwiye hanyuma amayiti ye tuyajugunya muri Lac Vert ».
Ayo magambo ateye agahinda yavuzwe na jenerali Fred Ibingira. Yari yagiye muri paruwasi ya Cyeza (diyosezi ya Kabgayi) gusura padiri Eliyasi Kiwanukaukomoka i Bugande. Uwahoze ari Fratiri Gérard Rubayiza na we yari ahari, mu biruhuko. Ni uko rero mu gihe baganiraga bafata ka borosheti basoma n’akayoga, Afande Ibingira yavuze byinshi ku ntambara zinyuranye yarwanye kuva mu buto bwe, ashaka kwerekana ukuntu ari intwari cyane, ko kandi yagize uruhare rukomeye mu gutuma FPR igera ku ntsinzi no kuba igihagaze neza mu kibuga kugera na n’ubu ! Abamwumvaga baje gutega amatwi ku buryo budasanzwe atangiye kubabwira uko “Bishop wa Ruhengeri yishwe urw’agashinyaguro”. Amajwi y’icyo kiganiro yashoboye gufatwa kuri kaseti (cassette-audio), iyo na yo iriho kandi ishyinguye neza.
I. Dore uko byagenze:
Mu w’1994, Musenyeri Phocas Nikwigize yahungiye kuri Goma hamwe n’abakristu n’abapadiri hafi ya bose ba diyosezi ya Ruhengeri.Yari acumbitse mu nzu ya Musenyeri NGABU (Evêché) wayoboraga Diyosezi ya Goma ariko agakomeza kwita ku bakristu be bari mu nkambi. Yafashe icyemezo cyo gutahukana n’izindi mpunzi ubwo FPR yari itangiye gahunda yo gusenya inkambi z’impunzi z’Abahutu muri Kongo, ku ngufu za gisirikari. Musenyeri Phocas yavuye i Goma mu modoka ye ya Mercedes, yari itwawe n’umupadiri w’umutaliyani witwa Lucchetta. Yari yabanje kwizezwa ko umutekano we urinzwe kuko bamuhaye umusirikari w’umwofisiye uzwi cyane muri kariya karere ku izina rya JEF ngo abe ari we umuherekeza,hatagira abamuhohotera mu nzira, ntibakamenye ahubwo ko iyo kabutindi JEF ari we wari ugenewe kumuterera mu maboko ya rubamba!Bageze kuri Gasutamo (Goma-Gisenyi), nibwo abasirikari ba FPR bahubuje uwo mupadiri w’umutaliyani mu modoka, barayitwara, na Musenyeri Phocas baramugumana . Hari ku italiki ya 26.11.1996.Yanyerejwe ubwo, ntawongeye kumuca iryera. JEF ubu ni umusirikari ukorera mu karere ka Masisi.
Nk’uko Fred Ibingira yakomeje abivuga, muri uwo mugoroba wari wabaye nk’uwo kwishimira intsinzi aho kuri paruwasi ya Cyeza,Musenyeri Phocas amaze gufatwa bamujyanye ahantu habugenewe, hazigamirwa abahoze ari ibihangange bo ku ngoma z'Abahutu. Ni uko ngo “abana” (Kadogo) bakajya “bamugemurira” mu gitondo, saa sita na nijoro. Abo bana ni bo bamucuje imyambaro ye, bamuterera ku ngoyi aboheye amaboko inyuma, bamukiniraho uko bashoboye; bakamugaburira amakofi, inshyi n’imigeri. Inyota n’inzara byamwica, bakamuhatira gushakishiriza mu kadobo karimo umwanda we! Baje kujya bamukeba ibice bimwe by’umubiri kugirango ababare, yishyure ibyo interahamwe zakoze guhera muri 1959! Baje kumukuramo amaso yombi, amara iminsi agongera, nyuma baza kumukeba ubugabo, ahita ahwera. Yababajwe iminsi irenga 30 mbere yo kunogoka. Bamuhambiriye mu kintu kimeze nk’umufuka bongeramo n’amabuye aremereye. Bamutereye mu modoka ya gisirikari bajya kumuta mu Kiyaga cya Lac Vert kiri i Goma ngo kugirango amaraso ye atazatera umwaku Urwanda rushya! Umwe mu bari bateze amatwi jenerali Ibingira yamubajije icyo bahoye Musenyeri Phocas, arasubiza ngo: “sinzi ibyo uwo mujinga yirirwaga avuga iyo mu nkambi, akanabyandika…”.
Tubibutse ko mu bihugu byinshi byo ku isi byakuyeho igihano cy'urupfu n’Urwanda rurimo(!), abakoze icyaha cy’ubwicanyi nk’ubu, bukorewe ku muntu w’umusaza, bukabanzirizwa kandi bugaherekezwa n’iyicarubozo, bahanishwa igifungo cya burundu(Urugero :Reba igitabo cy’amategeko ahana cy’Ubufaransa, ingingo ya 221,agaka 3).
II. Musenyeri Phocas Nikwigize yari muntu ki?
Yavukiye i Muhanga (Paruwasi Mibirizi, Cyangugu) taliki ya 23/8/ 1919.Yabatijwe amaze iminsi 3 gusa avutse, ni ukuvuga taliki ya 26/8/1919.Yahawe ubupadiri taliki 25/7/1948.Yakoze Ubutumwa bwe muri paruwasi zinyuranye: Rwankuba (1948), Kanyanza (1956), Kiziguro (1957), Rulindo (1959). Mu w’1962, yabaye umuyobozi wungiririje wa Koleji ya Mutagatifu Andereya y’i Nyamirambo (Kigali), mu gihe yari ataratangira ubwo butumwa ahita ahamagarirwa kuba umuyobozi wa Seminari nto ya Kabgayi (1963). Mu w’1967 yagizwe uwo bita mu gifaransa «Camérier de sa Sainteté ». Ni ukuvuga umuntu wihaye Imana, ubutumwa bwe akabukora neza cyane, ku buryo Papa amugororera kwitwa « Musenyeri » n’ubwo ataba ari umwepiskopi. Taliki ya 05/09/1968 yatorewe kuyobora diyosezi ya Ruhengeri, ahabwa inkoni y’ubushumba taliki ya 30/11/1968. Ni ukuvuga rero ko bamwishe urubozo neza neza mu gihe yariho yibuka imyaka 28 yari amaze ari umwepiskopi.
Abamumenye bemeza ko yari umuntu mwiza, wacishaga make cyane. Abo yigishije mu mashuri bemeza ko yari umurezi w’umuhanga, umubyeyi mwiza n’umukristu ukunda Imana. Abo yayoboye bahamya ko yari umushumba wahoraga ashishikajwe n’imibereho myiza y’intama yaragijwe. Abari bashinzwe kumufasha mu mirimo inyuranye bivugira ko atabashyiragaho igitugu, ahubwo yubahaga cyane buri wese mu kazi ke.
Imana imuhe iruhuko ridashira.
III.Tubyumve dute?
Nta mpamvu n’imwe yatuma nshidikanya ku nkuru nk’iyi yavuzwe na Fred Ibingira wabihagazeho. Ahari ikibazo umuntu yakwibaza ni iki: icyo iyi nkuru yakungura Abanyarwanda ni iki? Dore uko njye mbibona :
(1)Abo mu muryango wa Phocas, mwari mugifite umutima usimbagurika kubera kwibaza niba yarapfuye cyangwa akiriho: nimurire muyahore, byararangiye. Niba Fred Ibingira yarabivuze ashyenga cyangwa abeshya, ngaho ga Paul Kagame nategeke ko Musenyeri Phocas afungurwa, ajye ahagaragara maze tumubone!
(2)Uwibazaga aho yashyinguwe ngo ajye kuhasura: ni muri Congo, mu Kiyaga cya Lac Vert. Abamukunda mushobora kujya mukora ingendo mukajya kuhasengera, mukahashyira indabo, mumwibuka. Gusa muritonde namwe mutazajugunywa muri icyo kiyaga, abishe Musenyeri Phocas ntaho bagiye, baracyayobora, ndetse baragororewe bagirwa Abajenerari.
(3)Musenyeri Phocas ngo yazize kuba “Interahamwe”: Nyamara abamuzi neza bahamya ko Musenyeri Phocas nta shyaka rya politiki yigeze abera umuyoboke. Ntiyigeze ashyigikira ibikorwa by’umutwe w’Intarahamwe ; biratangaje kuba ari cyo kirego gifatika cyaba cyaramucishije umutwe. Ibi bikaba bihuje n’ibyo abayobozi ba FPR nka ba Tom Ndahiro bakunze kurega Umuhutu wese ushobora kugira ibitekerezo, ngo ni Interahamwe, umupawa, umujenosideri cyangwa ngo apfobya jenoside, ngo afite ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside, n'ibindi nk'ibyo. Bagira batya bakakugerekaho bene ibi birego nta kimenyetso na kimwe bashingiyeho, yewe utagombye no kunyuzwa imbere y’Urukiko, ubundi imbwa zikaba zirakuriye. Guhera muri 1994, twatakaje muri ubwo buryo Abanyarwanda batagira ingano kandi b'inzirakarengane. Igihe kirageze ngo Abaturarwanda bose muri rusange, n’Abahutu by’umwihariko, bashire ubwoba maze bashake ukuntu bakwamagana ku mugaragaro imikorere mibisha nk’iyi. Tom Ndahiro we yateye indi ntambwe: ntagishinja Abahutu bose kuba abajenosideri mu mvugo gusa ahubwo asigaye abyandika no mu binyamakuru,akanabisinyira. Iyo mu Rwanda haba ubutabera burengera rubanda rugufi nk’uko bamwe birirwa babiririmba, Tom Ndahiro yakagombye gufatwa agasobanura impamvu z’ayo macakubiri akomeje gukwega mu bana b’Urwanda.
(4)Musenyeri Phocas ngo arazira “sinzi ibyo... yirirwaga avuga iyo mu nkambi, akanabyandika…”: Nk’uko bigaragara muri kiriya kiganiro, igitangaje ni uko na Fred Ibingira wategekaga abishe uyu mukambwe na we ubwe adashobora gusubira muri ayo amagambo ateye ikibazo uwo Musenyeri yaba yaravugiye mu nkambi i Goma. Ibyo Musenyeri yaba yaranditse byo Fred Ibingira atabimenye ntawabimurenganyiriza : uw’abandi wamubaza ibindi ariko no kwandika izina rye ngo bikunze kumubera ikizami gikomeye!
IV. Hirya y’ibigaragara, shaka ukuri bishushanya
(1)Hari abibaza icyaha nyacyo cyaba cyaracishije Musenyeri Phocas Nikwigize umutwe ?Dore uko biri:
Arazira ko ari muri ba Bahutu bake bari bajijutse muri 1959, bakaba bazi uko revolisiyo yagenze. FPR ishaka kuyobora Abanyarwanda nk’impumyi zitagira amateka igomba kuba yaraje ifite gahunda yo kurimbura abo bose bazi neza iby’icyo gihe.Niyo mpamvu kuva yafata ubutegetsi muri 1994, FPR yaciye iteka ko isomo ry'Amateka y'Urwanda ritazongera kwigishwa abana mu mashuri.Twese twarabyakiriye turicecekera. Musenyeri Phocas ntakindi azira uretse kuba yari inararibonye mu mateka y'igihugu cyacu, urubyiruko rubujijwe kumenya. Koko rero,n’ubwo bitavugwa mu binyamakuru, abantu bo muri iyo "generation yose", FPR ibanga urunuka ndetse abo itishe barafunze, abandi bafashe iy'ubuhungiro. Ng’ubwo ubuterahamwe Musenyeri Phocas yazize!
(2).Abanyarwanda twabonye byinshi. Imyaka ishinze si mike ducecetse. Twibwiraga ko igihe kizagera ubutabera bugasimbura ubunyeshyamba, iterabwoba rigahita, Abanyarwanda bagahumeka ituze, bakongera bagasabana. Nyuma y’imyaka 17, aho kugira ngo ibintu bijye mu nzira nziza, ikibi kirakomeza kikitwa icyiza, icyiza kikitwa ikibi; abicanyi ruharwa bakagororerwa,mu gihe abakekene n’inzirakarengane bakomeje guhekeshwa umusaraba no kuwubambwaho amanywa n’ijoro. Inkuru y’urupfu rwa Musenyeri Phocas Nikwigize irerekana uko abagome bakagombye guhanwa bicaye ku ntebe y’ubutegetsi mu Rwanda, bakaba ari bo bacira imanza abakagombye kuzibacira.
(3).Fred Ibingira ni umujenerari ukomoka i Bugande, akaba azwiho ubugome burenze urugero mu byerekeye gusogota Abanyarwanda. Ubuzirampuhwe bwe bwagaragaye kurushaho ubwo yatsembaga Abahutu bari mu nkambi i Kibeho taliki ya 21 Mata 1995. Mu by’ukuri yishe n’abandi Banyarwanda benshi n’ahantu hanyuranye kuva mu Mutara kugera ku Mayaga ya Butare anyuze mu turere twa Kibungo na Bugesera.Aho hose yarahakubuye(alipafagia). Tuzi neza ko kuva FPR yafata ubutegetsi muri 1994, nta bantu bicwa mu Rwanda Fred Ibingira atabigizemo uruhare ndetse kenshi akaba anahibereye, we ubwe. Ni ko kazi yiyemeje, amaraso y'Abanyarwanda agomba kuba ntacyo amubwiye:Abatutsi kimwe n'Abahutu ntazuyaza kubambura ubuzima ndetse n''Abamisiyoneri b’abanyamahanga ntabarebera izuba. Ariko iyo ageze ku Bahutu bo asya atanzitse: ntanyurwa no kubica gusa ahubwo arabanza akabagaragura, akabacunaguza, akabatesha agaciro kose ka muntu ku buryo burenze ukwemera. Ngo hazagire se n'umubwira ati urakora nabi! Ndabarahiye da! Aho guhanwa ahubwo yongererwa imidari, mbese wagira ngo ubuyobozi bw’Urwanda bwahindutse indiri y’amabandi n’abicanyi ruharwa! Ndibaza niba hari umuntu udafite amaraso ku biganza uzigera yongera guhabwa umwanya mu buyobozi bw’igihugu cy’Urwanda ngo ahe rubanda rugufi agahenge? Nizeye ko aho ibihe bigeze aha Abanyarwanda bose babona neza ko batakagombye gukomeza gufatwaho ingwate n’agatsiko k’abategetsi bakoze amahano kandi bakaba batanabyicuza ,mbese nka Fred Ibingira.
UMWANZURO:
Inkuru y’ukwicwa kwa Musenyeri Phocas Nikwigize yarambabaje umutima wenda gusandara. Ikibazo nibaza ni iki: Niba mu Rwanda hari ubutabera, Fred Ibingira akwiye gukomeza kuyobora Abanyarwanda cyangwa agomba kugezwa imbere y’urukiko, yahamwa n’icyaha akaryozwa amaraso yose y'inzirakarengane yamennye? Mu gihe Abanyarwanda benshi tugitegereje ko Perezida Paul Kagame yagira icyo adutangariza kuri icyo kibazo, twirinde kwituramira no kwiheba, ahubwo niturusheho kwishakamo ubutwari, twemere tudashidikanya ko no“hakurya y’imva hari ubugingo”.
Padiri Thomas Nahimana
Email : nahimanathom@yahoo.fr
Tél: 0033647434465


text: Ku wa 02 Kamena 2017, mu Murenge wa Jari ho mu Karere ka Gasabo hafunguwe ku mugaragara ikigo “JYAMUBANDI MWANA‘’. Iki kigo cyatashywe uyu munsi giherereye mu Murenge wa Jali mu Karere ka Gasabo cyakira abana bafite Ubumuga bagahabwa services z’Ubuvuzi, kwiga imyuga yo kudoda, kogosha no gukora inkweto. Umuhango wo gufungura iki kigo wayobowe na Bwana NDAYISABA Emmanuel Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa wa NCPD wari uhagarariye Minisitiri w’Ubutegesti bw’Igihugu n’imibereho myiza y’Abaturage. Mu ijambo rye yashimiye Leta y’igihugu cy’Ububiligi yagize uruhare mu myubakire y’iki kigo, akomeza asaba ko buri wese yakomeza kugira uruhare mu kwagura iki kigo hongerwa ibikorwaremezo bikiburamo. Iki kigo Jyamubandi cyashyizweho ibuye ry’Ifatizo mu kwezi k’Ukuboza 2014. Abari aho basabwe ko abana babo barangije amashuri abanza bagana iki kigo bakigishwa imyuga.


text:
PVC Tile Trim DC09 Icapiro rikomeye ryumuriro
Ibicuruzwa birambuye
Ibicuruzwa
PVC tile trim, Model No.: DC09, Ikomeye, Ubugari: 27.5mm, Uburebure: 16.56mm + 2.74mm.
Kwemeza tekinoroji mpuzamahanga yohereza amashyanyarazi, asobanutse kandi afatika yubuye, amabuye akungahaye, imyumvire itatu-yuzuye.
Ibicuruzwa bikozwe mubikoresho byiza, tekinoroji igezweho, kurwanya compression, kurwanya gukubitwa, kurwanya ubukonje, kurwanya ingaruka, kwambara no kwirinda amazi.
Tile trim irashobora gukoreshwa mugushushanya inguni kimwe nimpande, nkuruhande rwumurongo wo hejuru wo hejuru, umurongo wibanze, nibindi.
Byakoreshejwe mugushushanya inguni za tile pave mumushinga wo gushushanya.Amabati yometse kurukuta anyuze mu mwobo udasanzwe wo gufatira kuri tile trim, kugirango ubuso bwiza bwa arc bukorwe ku mfuruka.Irakwiriye guhuza amabati yashyizwe ku mfuruka z'urukuta, bigatuma ingaruka rusange ya pave irushaho kuba nziza kandi nziza.
Reba izindi shusho kuvaGUKURIKIRA CAD
265+ tile trim shusho kubyo wahisemo, cyangwa utwoherereze dosiye yawe ya CAD kugirango utange ibisobanuro.
Ibindi Byerekeranye na PVC Tile
Isosiyete yacu ifite uburambe bwimyaka 16 mubikorwa, abatekinisiye babigize umwuga hamwe numurongo umwe wo kubyaza umusaruro, harimo igishushanyo mbonera, gukora aluminiyumu, gukora imashini (gutunganya ubushyuhe, gukata umwirondoro, kashe, nibindi), kurangiza (anodizing, gushushanya, nibindi) na gupakira.Umusaruro unoze kandi woroshye, wemeze ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa, kandi urebe neza ko ibicuruzwa byatanzwe ku gihe.


text:
Rwanda
Agura ubucuruzi bwawe wifashishije ikoranabuhanga
Amahugurwa ya “Take Your Business Online” agenewe gufasha ubucuruzi bwo mu Rwanda kubyaza umusaruro imbuga nkoranyambaga binyuze mu kuzimenyekanishirizaho ibicuruzwa no gushyikirana n’abaguzi. Aya mahugurwa afasha ubucuruzi kwiyungura ubumenyi binyuze mu masomo n’ibikoresho bahabwa kugirango bashyire mu ngiro ibyo bigishijwe ndetse banongere ibyo bagurisha hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga.
Saba Kwitabira
Ibyerekeye Amahugurwa
Binyuze mu masomo atangwa mu Cyongereza no mu Kinyarwanda hifashishijwe murandasi, urubuga rufasha ba rwiyemezamirimo kungurana ibitekerezo hamwe n’ibikoresho by’ibanze bigufasha gushyira mu ngiro ubumenyi wunguka, uzigishwa uko wamenyekanisha ubucuruzi bwawe kandi ukarushaho kubona abaguzi.
Muri aya amahugurwa, uzamenya imbogamizi abaguzi bahura nazo, ibibaranga ndetse n’ibyo bakunda, wifashishije ibikoresho bitangwa na AMI mu kumenya inzira abakiliya banyuramo kugirango babashe kugura ibicuruzwa.
Ibisobanuro ku Mahugurwa
Who: Abo agenewe: Abayobozi b’ibigo by’ubucuruzi (ba nyir’ubucuruzi, abayobozi bakuru, cyangwa ababishinze)
Duration:Igihe amara: Amahugurwa ya “Take Your Business Online” atangwa mu gihe cy’ibyumweru bine.
Abemerewe Kwitabira
Usaba kwitabira agomba:
- Kuba afite ubucuruzi bumaze nibura umwaka umwe bukora
- Kuba yinjiza amafaranga ari hagati ya 100,000 RWF – 500,000 RWF
- Kuba afite terefoni igezweho (smartphone) cyangwa mudasobwa na interineti kugira ngo abone ibikoresho n’amasomo biboneka ku rubuga, ndetse no guhura n’abandi bacuruzi babarizwa mu muryango wa AMI
Urugendo rwawe rwo kwiga
Menya neza abakiliya bawe
Kumenya neza abaguzi ni ingenzi ku bucuruzi ubwo ari bwo bwose. Kubera iki ari ngombwa? Hatabayeho abaguzi, ubucuruzi bwawe ntibwakora kandi ntibwabona uko bwinjiza amafaranga. Uretse kugura ibicuruzwa, abakiliya kandi bafasha mu kwamamaza ubucuruzi bwawe binyuze mu kumenyekanisha ibikorwa haba mu nshuti ndetse n’imiryango yabo.
Kumenya abakiliya bigira akamaro mu gusobanukirwa neza icyerekezo cy’ubucuruzi bwawe ndetse niba bukomeza gukora bijyanye n’ihindagurika ry’ibicuruzwa ndetse n’ibyo abaguzi bakeneye. Ni ngombwa guhora wibaza ibi bibazo buri gihe.
Sobanukirwa uko ikoranabuhanga rizamura ubucuruzi
Kuba hari imbuga nkoranyambaga nyinshi, biragoye ko wahitamo urubuga ukoresha – Ku bw’ibyo, ubucuruzi bwose bwifuza gutera imbere bwibanda ku gusobanukirwa abaguzi, ibyo bakunda ndetse n’izindi mpinduka zigenda zibaho bitewe n’igihe.
Muri aya mahugurwa, turagufasha gusobanukirwa neza abakiliya bawe, uko washyikirana nabo ndetse ukabasha kumenya no kubyaza umusaruro amahirwe yagufasha kugera ku bantu benshi kandi ukabakundisha ibyo ukora.
Guhabwa Impamyabumenyi
Mu gusoza amahugurwa, tuzishimira hamwe intambwe ba rwiyemezamirimo bateye binyuze mu muhango uzaba hifashishijwe interineti. Niba uri nyir’ubucuruzi, ukaba warakurikiranye amahugurwa kandi wujuje ibisabwa byose, uzahabwa impamyabumenyi ishimangira ko wahuguwe.
“Amahugurwa ya “Take Your Business Online” atangwa na AMI yamfashije kumenyekanisha ibyo nkora, ndushaho kugera ku bantu benshi kandi nongera ibyo ngurisha. Mbere yo kwitabira aya mahugurwa, nakoreshaga amafaranga menshi nishyura abantu ngo bankorere imenyekanishabikorwa, ariko ubu mbasha kubikora ubwanjye binyuze mu kugena amafaranga nzakenera nifashishije ibikoresho bitangwa na AMI”
Joselyne Tuyishimire, uwasoje amahugurwa ya “Take Your Business Online”
Aya Mahugurwa Akubiyemo
KWIGA HIFASHISHIJWE IYAKURE
Urubuga uhuriraho na ba rwiyemezamirimo bo mu Rwanda mukungurana ibitekerezo.
AMASOMO ATANGIRWA KURI INTERINETI
Amasomo atangirwa kuri interineti aboneka ku rubuga rwa AMI, akagufasha kwiyungura ubumenyi mu imenyekanishabikorwa ndetse no kongera umubare w’abaguzi hifashishijwe imbuga nkoranyambaga.
IBYIFASHISHWA BYO MU BUCURUZI
Ibikoresho by’ibanze bikururwa ku rubuga rwa AMI, bigufasha gushyira mu ngiro ubumenyi wakuye mu mahugurwa.
URIFUZA KUMENYA BYINSHI BYEREKEYE AFRICAN MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE RWANDA?Duhamagare cyangwa utwandikire


text:
News
Home > News > Rusizi: Abavunja n’abacuruza amadevize bitemewe bafatiwe ingamba
Rusizi: Abavunja n’abacuruza amadevize bitemewe bafatiwe ingamba
> 5 April 2016
Ibi ni ibyatangarijwe mu inama yahuje urugaga rw’abikorera (PSF) bo mu Karere ka Rusizi n’uboyobozi bw’ako karere ku wa 09 Werurwe 2016, nk’uko abikorera bo muri aka karere babigaragarije ubuyobozi bw’akarere ngo iki kibazo kiri kugenda gihindura isura cyiyongera.
Habyarimana Martin umwe mu bakora umwuga wo gucuruza amafaranga mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko avuga ko iki kibazo kiri kugenda gifata intera kuko Abanyekongo baza mu isoko bakabaza ibicuruzwa mu madorari nk’uko bimeze iwabo
Ibyo ngo bituma amafaranga y’u Rwanda ata agaciro bikanabahombya nk’abakora uwo mwuga yagize ati” Biriya bintu bitesha agaciro ifaranga ry’u Rwanda amadovizi iyo yinjiye aba agomba kugira uburyo yinjiramo n’aho abarizwa hakamenyekana ayinjije mu igihugu.”
Akomeza avuga ko umurimo wabo wo kugura no kugurisha amafaranga ubahombera kuko ukorwa n’abantu batabyemerewe kandi bikagira ingaruka mbi ku gihugu.
Bamwe mu bacuruza ayo madevize bavuga ko batunzwe no gukora muri ubwo buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko agenga ubucuruzi bw’amafaranga y’amadovize ariko nyuma yo gucuruza ngo bayajyana ku bayavunja bityo bakavuga ko batashima icyo cyemezo cyo kubahana.
Kabango Jean yagize ati” Hari abantu bakora akazi ko gucuruza amafaranga hari n’abayafata bagurisha ibicuruzwa byabo ariko iyo turangije gucuruza tuyajyana kuyavunjisha urumva icyemezo cyo guhana ababikora nigishyirwa mu bikorwa bizatubangamira ni bo bakiriya bacu.”
Umuyobozi w’Akarere ka Rusizi Harerimana Frederic yavuze ko hashize igihe bigisha abantu bacuruza amafaranga y’amanyamahanga mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko kubireka ariko ngo nyuma yo kwanga kubicikaho ngo hagiye gukurikizwa ibihana.
Yagize ati” Abantu babonye umwanya wo gusobanurirwa ko ibyo bakora binyuranyije n’amategeko icyo tugiye gukora ni uko nyuma yo kubigisha hagiye gushyirwa mu bikorwa ibihano biteganywa n’amategeko ubu tugiye gufata no gufatira ibihana ababikora.”
Hashize umwaka urenga abavunja bakanacuruza amafaranga y’amanyamahanga mu buryo butemewe n’amategeko baburirwa kubireka.


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Kuri uyu munsi tariki ya 13 Kamena 2021, Kiliziya Gatolika iribuka Mutagatifu Antoni wa Paduwa, umwarimu n’umuhanga wa Kiliziya
Mutagatifu Antoni wa Paduwa, Nyiricyubahiro Antoni Cardinal KAMBANDA, Arkiyepiskopi wa Kigali akaba n’Umuyobozi wa Diyosezi ya Kibugo, amufiteho urugero rw’imibereho, kandi akamugiraho umurinzi n’umuvugizi mu ijuru.
1. Ubuzima bwa Mutagatifu Antoni wa Paduwa
Mutagatifu Antoni wa Paduwa (1195-1231), yavukiye i Lisibone muri Porutigari ahagana mu mwaka wa 1195, mu gihe kimwe na Mutagatifu Fransisko wa Asizi (1182-1226). Izina rye rya Batisimu ni Fernando, naho irindi yarifashe amaze kwiyegurira Imana.
Mutagatifu Antoni wa Paduwa yitabye Imana, ari ahitwa i Paduwa, ku itariki ya 13 Kamena 1231, afite imyaka 36. Papa Gerigori wa IX ni we wamwanditse mu gitabo cy’abatagatifu kuwa 30 Gicurasi 1232.
Kuwa 16 Mutarama 1946, niho Nyirubutungane Papa Piyo wa XII yatangaje ko ari umuhanga n’umwarimu wa Kiliziya, mu Ibaruwa yise mu kilatini “Exulta, Lusitania felix”, ugenekereje mu kinyarwanda: “Ishime kuko urahirwa Munyaportigali” .
2. Ingingo 7 z’ingenzi zaranze imibereho ya Antoni wa Paduwa :
- Umusore uvuka mu muryango wiyubashye
Mutagatifu Antoni wa Paduwa yavukaga mu muryango wiyubashye wari utuye mu murwa mukuru wa Porutigali, wari umujyi ukomeye wa Lisibone. Se umubyara yagiraga icyo apfana na Godifiridi wa Buyo (Godefroid de Bouillon), uvuka mu muryango ukize cyane, akaba umusikare ukomeye wacunguye yeruzalemu, bakaba bari barimukiye muri Porutigali.
- Uwihayimana w’umufaransiskani
Afite imyaka 15 yinjiye mu Bihayimana, mu muryango w’Abamonaki ba Mutagatifu Agustini, aba ari naho aherwa ubusaseridoti.
Mu mwaka wa 1220, urupfu rw’Abafaransiskani ba mbere bahowe Imana muri Maroke, rwateye ishavu ryinshi uwo musaseridoti w’umusore, wari ufite imyaka 25 gusa, bituma asaba kwinjira mu Bafaransiskani, kugira ngo azashobore kujya kwamamaza Ivanjili muri Afurika ya ruguru, ahiganje abayisiramu.
- Umupadiri w’umumisiyoneri
Mutagatifu Antoni wa Paduwa, abyisabiye, yagiye kwigisha Ivanjili muri Maroke. Aho muri Maroke ntiyahatinze kubera ibibazo by’ubuzima, amagara ye yaramutengushye, maze mu mwaka wa 1221, yimurirwa mu Burayi. Mu nzira ahindukiye, ubwato barimo bwayobejwe n’umuhengeri, ubwerekeza muri Sisire, mu Butaliyani, aba ariho aguma. Kuwa 30 Gicurasi 1221, yaherekeje Mutagatifu Fransisko mu nama nkuru y’umuryango wabo (Chapitre générale), yabereye i Asizi. Nyuma yaho, Mutagatifu Faransisko wa Asizi yamwohereje kwigisha hirya no hino mu Bufaransa no mu Butaliyani.
- Umwigisha w’amahanga
Mu mwaka wa 1222, igihe hari hatanzwe ubupadiri ku basore benshi b’abafaransiskani, Mutagatifu Antoni wa Paduwa yagaragaje ubuhanga n’impano yo kuvuga neza igihe yari ahawe ijambo.
Mu butumwa bwe, yabaye icyamamare kubera inyigisho ze, zari zihanitse mu bwenge, zuje ubuhanga, kandi zinyuze umutima, zatangazaga bitavugwa abantu bose. Roho Mutagatifu yamuvugiragamo, ku buryo inyigisho ze zahinduye benshi. Kuva ubwo bamuha kwigisha muri Kaminuza za Mompeliye, Tuluze, Bolonye na Paduwa. Mutagatifu Antoni wa Paduwa yaranzwe kandi n’Urukundo ruhebuje yagiriraga abakene, bikaba byaratumye amenyekana hose.
- Umukuru w’umuryango
Mu mwaka wa 1226, Mutagatifu Antoni wa Paduwa yatorewe kuba umukuru w’umuryango ku rwego rw’akarere (Province ou Custodie) ka Limoje (Limoges). Mu mwaka wa 1227, nyuma y’urupfu rwa Mutagatifu Fransisko wa Asizi, wari warashinze umuryango, Mutagatifu Antoni wa Paduwa yatorewe kuba umkuru w’umuryango mu majyaruguru y’ubutaliyani, anakomeza ubutumwa bwe bwo kwigisha no kurwanya inyigisho z’ubuyobe.
- Umujyanama wa Papa
Mu mwaka wa 1230, mu nama nkuru y’umuryango, Mutagatifu Antoni wa Paduwa yeguye ku mirimo yo kuyobora umuryango w’Abafaransiskani, maze nyuma yoherezwa I Roma. Aho i Roma yabaye umwe mu bajyanama ba Papa Gerigori wa IX, ari nawe watangaje ko ari umutagatifu kuwa 30 Gicurasi 1232.
- Umutagatifu w’intangarugero
Inyigisho n’imibereho bya Mutagatifu Antoni wa Paduwa bigaragaza ko ari intangarugero ku buryo budasanzwe. Ari muri bake byagaragaye ko ari abatagatifu hashize igihe gito bitabye Imana: nyuma y’amezi 11 gusa. Byemejwe ko ari umutagatifu hashingiwe ku bitangaza bigera kuri 40 by’abantu bakize.
Iteka bamushushanya ahagatiye Umwana Yezu, kuko Umwana Yezu yigeze kumubonekera akamumanukira mu maboko.
3. Twifurije umunsi mwiza Nyiricyubahiro Antoni Cardinal KAMBANDA
Twifurije umunsi mwiza Antoni Cardinal KAMBANDA. Ababyeyi bamuhitiyemo neza bamuhesha Batisimu kuwa 27 Ugushyingo 1958, nyuma y’iminsi 17 gusa avutse; maze nawe agerageza gutera ikirenge mu cya Mutagatifu Antoni wa Paduwa, umuvugizi w’abigisha, mu nyigisho ze nziza zifasha benshi. Kuwa 8 Nzeri 1990, Mutagatifu Papa Yohani Pawulo wa II yamuramburiyeho ibiganza ahabwa ubupadiri. Kuwa 20 Nyakanga 2013 yahawe Ubwepiskopi, aba Umwepiskopi wa Doyosezi ya Kibungo; maze kuwa 19 Ugushyingo 2018 atorerwa kuba Arkiyepiskopi wa Kigali, ahabwa Inkoni y’Ubushumba nka Arkiyepiskopi kuwa 27 Mutarama 2019. Kuwa 25 Ukwakira 2020 nibwo yatorewe kuba Cardinal wa Kiliziya Gatolika Ntagatifu ya Roma, maze ashyirwa muri urwo rwego kuwa 28 Ugushyingo 2020.
Nyiricyubahiro Cardinal tubifurije umunsi mwiza wa Bazina Mutagatifu!
Padiri Dieudonné UWAMAHORO, Komisiyo y’Itumanaho muri Diyosezi ya Kibungo


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Ubwumvikane ni ikintu cy’ingenzi mu mibinano mpuzabitsina hagati y’abantu babiri kugira ngo imibonano mpuzabitsina yabo igende neza. Nta bwumvikane, hazabaho imbaraga zivanze n’akavuyo ndetse n’ibindi bintu bitaribyiza mu gihe cy’imibonano mpuzabitsina.
Dore bimwe mu bintu imibonano mpuzabitsina irimo ubwumvikane ishobora kukugezaho kandi byiza:
1. Ituma urukundo rwanyu rutera imbere
Imibonano mpuzabitsina irimo ubwumvikane ituma urukundo rwanyu rutera imbere ku buryo budasanzwe, aho usanga uwariwe wese ababa arwishimira akumva yabigiraho urugero rwiza muba mwamuhaye.
Ni iby’igiciro kubona hari ubwumvikane hagati y’abakundana. Mu ghe hari ubwumvikane muri mwe bizanabafasha gukora imibonanompuzabitsina irimo ubwumvikane kandi yateguwe, bityo bibazanire imbaraga nyinshi mu rukundo rwanyu bituma rurushaho gutera imbere.
Iyo nta bwumvikane nta kintu na kimwe cy’iterambere mushobora kugeraho mu rukundo rwanyu uretse intonganya ndetse n’ibindi bintu bibi bishobora gutuma habaho ugutandukana kwanyu.
2. Itanga amahoro mu rukundo
Imibonano mpuzabitsina irimo ubwumvikane, nibyo koko itanga amahoro hagati y’abayikora ndetse ikanatanga n’ibyishimo kuri bo.
Nta kabuza ko amahoro ashobora kwiganza mu gihe imibonano mpuzabitsina yanyu yakozwe mu bwumvikane no mu mucyo.
Ubwumvikane butuma nta mutima mubi ushobora kuboneka muri mwe, bityo urukundo rwanyu rukarushaho kurangwa n’ibyishimo, umunezero ndetse n’amahoro.
3. Itanga ibyishimo hagati y’abayikora
Igihe wumva umutima wawe ntacyo ugushinza, nta kabuza ko imibonano mpuzabitsina yanyu izakorwa mu mucyo ndetse inabazanire ibyishimo hagati yanyu mu gihe murikuyikora cyangwa se mu gihe yarangiye.
Ubwumvikane ni kimwe mu ntwaro zikomeye mu rukundo; kuko ubwumvikano ntacyo butageza ku bakundana, yaba amahoro cyangwa se umunezero, urukundo rurambye ndetse n’ibindi bintu byiza bishobora gutuma urukundo rwanyu rurushaho gokomeza kwishimirwa na buri wese.
4. Imara igihe kirekire
Imibonano mpuzabitsina irimo ubwumvikane ituma urukundo rwanyu ruhorana imbaraga kandi iyo mibonano mpuzabitsina izakorwa igihe kirekire kuko izaba yateguwe kandi yumvikankweho.
Imibonano mpuzabitsina yumvikanyweho ituma nta ntongaya zishobora kugaragara hagati y’abakundana cyangwa se undi muntu wese uri kuyikora. Iyo mibonano ikorwa igihe kirekire kandi ikaba yiganjemo ibyishimo n’umunezero.
Banza utegure imibonano yawe mbere yuko uyikora kuko bizatuma ugubwa neza ukumva umutima wawe uranezerewe.
5. Ituma habaho udushya mu rukundo
Imibonano mpuzabitsina ituma udushya ndetse n’ibindi bintu byiza bigaragara mu rukundo rwanyu.
Dore ibintu bishobora kwiganza mu rukundo rwanyu igihe habamo ubwumvikane: kubabarirana mu gihe umwe muri mwe akoshereje undi, gufashanya hagati yanyu, kutagira umutima wo kwikunda gusa n’ibindi byinshi.
Ibyo byose n’ibindi bitavuzwe bizakomeza kugaragara mu rukundo rwanyu kandi ubwumvikane nabwo buzakomeza kubaho bityo urukundo rwanyu rukomeze kurangwa n’umunezero.
6. Ituma ugira umunezero
Nyuma yo kumara kubona ibyo bintu byose byavuzwe haruguru, ikizakurikiraho ni umunezero uziganza hagati yanyu mu gihe cy’imibonano mpuzabitsina.
Urukundo ni ikintu gikoeye cyane kandi gishobora kwitonderwa na buri wese akamenya uburyo rukorwa mbere yo kwishora mu bintu ntakubitegura.
Mu gihe ushaka gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina iakuzanira ibyishimo n’umunezero banza uyitegure kandi ubanze uyumvikaneho n’uwo mugiyekuyikorana, bityo ibyishimo n’umunezero bizagaragara hagati yanyu.
Source: www.elcrema.com
Yanditswe na Bizimana Jean Damascene/Muhabura.rw


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U
witwa Bimenyimana Ildephonse utuye mu mudugudu wa Rwingwe akagari ka Murama Umurenge wa Bweramana akarere ka Ruhango, aratunga urutoki umukuru w’umudugudu ku muhohotera, aho ku mufasha gukemura ikibazo cy’amakimbirane ashingiye ku mitungo afitanye n’umugore we bashakanye byemewe n’amategeko kuri ubu ngo wamaze no kumwirukana muri iyo mitungo.
Bimenyimana Ildephonsi wo mu mudugudu wa Rwingwe akagari ka Murama Umurenge wa Bweramana akarere ka Ruhango, Ni umugabo uvuga ko yashakanye byemewe n’amategeko n’umugore we witwa nyiramafaranga, gusa nyuma yo kugirana amakimbirane n’uwo mugore we bikarangira ana mwiryukanye mu mitungo yabo, kuri ubu ari guhohoterwa na Mudugudu afatanyije n’uwo mugore bashakanye, ku uburyo yifuza ko ubuyobozi bwamufasha ntakomeze guhohoterwa.
Ibi biremezwa kandi n’abamwe mu baturanyi b’uyu muryango barimo n’abafite inshingano z’ubuyobozi muri uyu mudugudu, barimo Nyinawumuntu Chantal, Alice Mugorewera TWIZEYIMANA Fabrice na MUKAMUSONI Christine, aho bose bahuriza ku kuvuga ko Bimenyimana Ildephonsi akorerwa ihohoterwe n’ubuyobozi bw’umudugudu, ku buryo ubuyobozi bw’umurenge bukwiye kwinjira mu kibazo cye bukagishakira igisubizo kirambye ntakomeze kwirukanwa mu mitungo ye kandi ayifiteho uburenganzira.
Umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa W’umurenge wa Bweramana umudugudu wa Rwingwe Ubarizwamo, Ntivuguruzwa Emmanuel, avuga ko iki kibazo ubuyobozi bw’umurenge bugiye kugikurikirana, icyakora akanagira inama Bimenyimana ukubitwa na Mudugudu kugeza ikibazo cye kuri RIB kugirango arenganurwe n’ubutabera.
Ikibazo cy’amakimbirane ari hagati ya Bimenyimana Eldephonzi n’umugorwe NYIRAMAFARANGA, ngo cyatangiye mu mwaka wa 2017 aho komite z’umudgudu n’izakagari zari zagihaye umurongo wo kuba NYIRAFARANGA afata igice kimwe cy’umutungo wabo na BIMENYIMANA agafata ikindi, nyamara ngo KAREMERA Eduard uyoboye umudugud wabo wa Rwingwe we guhera mu mwaka wa 2020, yasubiye inyuma ajya kwirukana BIMENYIMANA mu ruhande rw’umutungo izo komite zombi zari za muhererejemo.
J.Bosco MBONYUMUGENZI


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Rick Warren ni umupasiteri w’umunyamerika akaba n’umwanditsi w’ibitabo uzwi ku isi yose
Nshuti zacu dukunda kandi duhora twifuriza ibyiza, mutweremere nkuko dusanzwe dufatanya muri byinshi , dufatanye mu rugendo dutangiye rw’iminsi mirongo ine, dusome iki gitabo cyitwa”UBUZIMA BUFITE INTEGO” cyanditwe na Rick wallen. Dutangiye twibaza intego y’ubuzima kuko ni ikibazo kibazwa n’abatari bake ku isi, kandi hamwe n’Imana ibinyujije mu byanditswe nta gushidikanya tuzasoza twamaze kubona igisubizo twibaza.
Rick Warren ni umupasiteri w’umunyamerika akaba n’umwanditsi w’ibitabo. Ni umuyobozi w’Itorero ryitwa Saddleback Church, akaba ari na we warishinze. Iri torero ribarizwa muri Leta ya California rika riri mu matorero ane akomeye muri Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika. Ibitabo bya Rick Warren byahinduye ubuzima bwa benshi. Abantu benshi bamuzi ku gitabo cyitwa Ubuzima bufite intego”, ari nacyo tugiye kuzajya tubagezaho umunsi ku munsi, kugeza kirangiye. Gusa hari n’ibindi bitabo byinshi yanditse.
Umunsi wa mbere 1 “Mbere na Mbere Imana”
“Kuko ibintu byose, byose hadasigaye na kimwe, ari byo mu ijuru cyangwa ibyo mu isi, ibiboneka n’ibitaboneka…buri kintu cyaremwe ba we kandi muri we ni ho bibonera ibisobanuro” (Abakolosayi 1:16(Msg)
“Uretse wemeye ko harihon Imana, ubundi kwibaza intego y’ubuzima ntacyo byakugezaho” (Bertrand Russell, umuhakanyi)
Ntubereyeho gukora ibyo wishakiye.
Intego y’ubuzima bwawe isumba kure gushaka gusohoza imigambi yawe, kugira amahoro y’umutima cyangwa kwishimira kubaho. Isumba kure umuryango wawe, umurimo ukora cyangwa ibyifuzo byawe n’ibyo wimirije imbere byose. Niba ushaka kumenya icyatumye uri ku isi, ugomba gutangirira ku Mana. Wavutse kuko yabigambiriye kandi uvuka ngo usohoze imigambi yayo.
Intego y’ubuzima yabereye abantu amayobera kuva imyaka ibihumbi n’ibihumbi. Ariko byose biterwa n’uko iteka dutangira gushakira ahatariho- twiheraho. Tubaza ibibazo bitugurakaho ngo “Ese ndashaka iki? Ese ubuzima bwanjye nzabukoresha iki? Intego zanjye ni izihe ? Ibyifuzo byanjye ni ibihe ? Ejo hazaza nzaba nageze ku ki ? ariko kwirebaho ntabwo bizigera biduhishurira intego y’ubuzima bwacu.
Bibiliya iravugango “Uwiteka niwe uyobora ubuzima bw’ibyo yaremye byose,ubuzima bw’umuntu wese buri mu butware bwe” Yobu 12:10 Nubwo ari ko ibitabo bigurwa na benshi bivuga , na sinema ndetse n’amahugurwa menshi akaba ari ko yigisha, ntabwo uzigera utahura intego y’ubuzima bwawe uyishakira muri wowe. Kenshi twagiye tunabigerageza kuko Atari wowe wiremye, ntushobora kwisobanurira icyo waremewe ! Nguhereje igikoresho gihimbwe vuba utigeze utigeze ubona na rimwe, ntabwo wakwisobanurira icyo cyakorewe kandi nacyo nticyashobora kukubwira icyo cyakorewe. Umuhanzi wacyo cyangwa igitabo igitabo gisobanura imikorere yacyo nibyo bishobora kukubwira icyo cyagenewe gukora.
Ntabwo uzigera uhishurirwa intego y’ubuzima bwawe uyishakamo. Ugomba gutangirira ku Mana , umuremyi wawe. Uriho kuko Imna ishaka ko ubaho. Waremwe n’Imana kandi uremerwa Imana , Igihe cyose uzaba utarasobanukirwa ibyo ngibyo ntabwo ubuzima bwawe buzasobanuka. Mu Mana honyine ni ho tumenyera neza inkomoko yacu, icyo turi cyo, icyo tumaze, intego yacu, agaciro kacu ndetse n’iyo tugana. Izindi nzira zose ntaho zizatugeza.
Abantu benshi bagerageza kwitwaza Imana ngo bagere ku ntego zabo bwite, ariko ibyo ni ugucurika ibintu kandi ntacyo bizabagezaho. Warewe Imana ntabwo Imana ariyo yaremewe abantu, kandi intego y’ubuzima ni ukureka Imana ikagukoresha ngo isohoze imigambi yayo, si wowe ugomba kuyikoresha ngo usohoze imigamb yawe. Bibiliya iravugango “Guhora uhanze amaso kuri wowe ubwawe ni nko gufata inzira itagira aho ikujyana, ariko gutumbira Imana bidukura mu mfunganwa bikadushyira ahagutse, Bizana umudendezo” (Abaroma 8:6)
Nasomye ibitabo byinshi bivuga ku guhishurirwa intego y’ubuzima bwanjye. Byose wabishyira mu murongo umwe w’ibitabo byigisha “Kwirwanaho” kuko byigisha bihereye kuri wowe ubwawe. Bene ibyo bitabo byo kwirwanaho, kabone n’iyo byaba byitwa ibya gikirisito, usanga kenshi bikurikira intambwe zisa zikujyana ku kubona intego y’ubuzima bwawe. Birakubwira ngo “Banza utekereze ibyo ushaka kugeraho byose.Usobanure neza ibyo uha agaciro kuruta ibindi. Wihe intego. Umenye neza ibyo uzi gukora neza. Wihe intego ziri hejuru. Uhaguruke uziharanire ! uzirikane kugira gahunda. Wizere ko ntakizakubuza kugera ku ntego wihaye. Kandi ntuzigere ucogora.
Simpakana ko bene izo izo nama zigeza abantu kuri byinshi. Intego yose wihaye mu buzima ushobora kuyigeraho uramutse uyishyizeho umutima wawe wose. Ariko kugera kuri byinshi no gusohoza intego z’ubuzima bwawe ntabwo ari kimwe ! Ushobora gusohoza intego zose wihaye , ukaba ikirangirire kimenywa na bose mu maso y’isi, nyamara ukaba utarashohoje intego Imana yari ifite ikurema. Ukeneye rero inama zisumba izo zo kwirwanaho. Bibiliya iravugango ngo “Kwirwanaho ntacyo bimaze. Kwitanga nk’igitambo ni yo nzira yonyina, ni yo nzira yanjye, yo kubona ubugingo, ubugingo nyakuri” Matayo 16:25
Iki gitabo ntabwo kiri muri urwo rwego rw’ibitabo byigisha kwirwanisha. Ntabwo ari igitabo kizakwigisha uburyo bwo guhitamo akazi keza, cyangwa uburyo bwo gusohoza inzozi zawe, cyangwa uburyo bwo gutegura ubuzima bwawe. Ntabwo kizakwigisha amayeri yo gutsindagira imirimo myinshi muri gahunda iyo imaze kukubana nyinshi. Ibiri amambu, kizakwigisha uburyo bwo gukora bike mu buzima, wita cyane kuby’ingenzi biruta ibindi. Ni igitabo kiguhugurira kuba icyo Imana yakuremeye kuba cyo.
Wahishurirwa ute rerointego Imana yari ifite ikurema ? ufite uburyo bubiri gusa bwo guhuitamo. Bumwe muri bwo ni ugushaka ugushakisha nk’ukora ubufindo. Icyo ni cyo abantu benshi bahitamo. Baracishiriza, bagafora , bakajya impaka. Iyo abantu bavuga ngo “njye numvaga ko ubuzima ari ukugira gutya cyangwa kuriya” baba bashaka kuvuga ngo “Ibyo ni byo nagerageje gukekeranya ntacyo nsize inyuma”
Imyaka ibihumbi n’ibihumbi abahanga mu gutekereza bagiye impaka ndetse bagerageza gushak ibisobanuro by’ubuzima. Ubuhanga mu gutekereza ni ngombwa kandi bifite umumaro wabyo, ariko yo bigeze mu gutahura intego z’ubuzima, n’abahanga baminuje baba bashakisha.
Dogiteri Hugh Moorhead,Umwarimu w’ubuhanga mu gutekereza muri Kaminuza ya Illinois uy’amajyaruguru yigeze kwandikira abanyabwenge barimo abahanga mu gutekereza , abashakashatsi n’abanditsi arababaza ati “mubona intego y’ubuzima ari iyihe ?” Nyuma aza kwandika mu gitabo ibisubizo bagiye bamuha. Bamwe bari bagerageje gucishiriza uko babyumva, abandi bamwemerera ko ubundi batari barigeze babitekerezaho ariko ko bahimbye igisubizo ubuzima bakabuha intego, abandi bamubwiza ukuri ko nta gisubizo bafite. Benshi muri abo banyabwenge bashyizeho akarusho ko gusaba Moorhead kubandikira abasubiza akababwira niba yarashoboye kubona intego y’ubuzima!
Imana ishimwe ko hari ikindi gisubizo kitari ugushakisha agaciro n’intego y’ubuzima. Igisubizo kinonerwa mu guhishurirwa. Dushobora gushakira mu byo Imana yavuze ku buzima mw’ijambo ryayo. Uburyo bworoshye bwo kumenya umumaro w’ikintu ni ukubaza uwagihanze. Ni nako bime byagombye gugenda ku buzima bwawe: niba ushaka kumenya intego yabwo baza Imana. Ntabwo Imana yadushyize mu rujijo n’umwijima ngo duhore twibaza kandi dushakisha. Imana yahishuye neza intego eshanu z’ubuzima bwacu ikoresheje Bibiliya. Ni cyo gitabo cy’uwaduhanze, gisobanura neza icyo tubereyeho, uko ubuzima bukora, ibyo tugomba kwirinda, n’ibyo tugomba gutekereza biri imbere hazaza .
Bibiliya isobanura neza ibyo bya bitabo byigisha kwirwanaho cyangwa n’ibindi by’abahanga bitashobora kudusobanurira. Bibiliya iravuga ngo “ Ubwiru bw’Imana bugera imbere mu migambi yayo… Ntabwo biduhishurira iby’iki gihe gusa, butubwira n’ibyahise ibyo Imana yashyiriyeho mbere y’ibihe kuzaduhesha ubwiza buruta ubundi” 1Abakorinto 2:7”
Ntabwo Imana ari itangiriro ry’ubuzima bwawe gusa, ni nayo soko yabwo. Kugira ngo ushobore kumenya umugambi w’ubuzima bwawe, ugomba guhndukirira Ijambo ry’Imana, aho gushakisha mu bwenge bw’isi. Ugomba kubaka ubuzima bwawe ku mahame adakuka y’ibihe byose aho kwishingikiriza ku buhanga bw’abanyabwenge, cyangwa kwiteramo ibitekerezo byiza cyangwa inkuru zo kwirema umutima. Bibiliya itubwira neza ngo “Muri krisito ni ho tumenya abo turi bo n’icyo tubereyeho. Kera tutari twumva n’ibya krisito ngo duhabwe ibyiringiro , yari yaratumenye, itugenera kuzabaho mu bwiza, ngo isohoze umugambi ikorera muri buri kintu na buri muntu” Abefeso 1:11
Uyu mu murongo uduhishurira nibura ibintu bitatu ku ntego y’ubuzima bwawe.
1.Umenya neza uwo uri we n’intego y’ubuzima bwawe iyo ufitanye imibanire na kirisitoYesu. Niba udafitanye ubusabane na Krisito, ndaza kugusobanurira uko ushobora gutangira.
2.Imana yari igufite mu bitekerezo byayo mbere y’ukoutangira kuyitekereza. Imigambi yayo ku buzima bwawe yariho mbere yuko ubah, itabanje kukugisha inama ! ushobora kwihitiramo akazi ukora, ukihitiramo uwo muzubakana urugo, ugahitamo uburyo ukoresha igihe cyawe , ndetse n’ibindi byinshi byerekeye imibereho yawe, ariko ntabwo ushobora kwitoraniriza intego y’ubuzima bwawe.
3.Intego y’ubuzima bwawe iri mu rundi rwego rwa gahunda ndende y’ibyaremwe byose, gahunda Imana yashyizeho isi itari yabaho. Ni byo iki gitabo kikubwira.
Umwanditsi w’umurusiya Andrei Bitov yakuriye mu butegetsi bwa gikomunisiti bwahakanaga Imana. Ariko umunsi umwe , ubwon yari yihebye , Imana iramwihishurira . Yanditse ngo “ Ubwo nari maze kugira imyaka makumyabiri n’irindwi, ubwo nari muri gari ya moshi inyura munsi y’ubutaka nafashwe n’ubwihebe burenze urugero ku buryo numvaga ntinye ko ubuzima bwanjye burangiye, nta kwizera ejo hazaza, nta kwizera kumva mfite agaciro. Ngiye kumva , ntazi aho biturutse, numva amagambo anje mu mutwe ngo “ubuzima budafite Imana ntibushobora kugira agaciro”
Uko nagatangaye , ntangira kugenda nsubira muri ayo magambo ampindukiye nk’urwego ruzamura bantu muri gari gari ya moshi rubajyana hanze nyazamukiraho mpita ninjira mu mucyo w’Imana”
Nawe ushobora kuba wumvaga uri mu mwijima mwinshi , utazi intego y’ubuzima bwawe. Ishime unezerwe kuko uri hafi kwinjira mu cyo.
Ingingo yo kuzirikana: Simbereyeho gukora ibyo nishakiye
Umurnko wo gufata mu mutwe: “Byose byaremwe nawe kandi byose ni we byaremewe” Abakolosayi 1:16
Ikibazo cyo gutekerezaho: “Nubwo hari byinshi binkurura hirya no hino, nakora iki ngo mpore niyibutsa ko ubuzima nyakuri ari ukuberaho Imana aho kuberaho kwinezeza?


text:
Nkwibutse insigamugani yitwa: “Bateye Rwaserera!”
Uyu mugani bawuca iyo babonye ahantu basahinda bateye imvururu ni ho bavuga ngo: >! Wakomotse kuri Rwaserera w’i Rusororo mu Rukalyi(Kigali);ahagana umwaka w’i 1700.
Ubwo hari ku ngoma ya Cyilima Rujugira,maze hatera akanda k’inzara, kayogoza u Bwanacyambwe n’u Rukalyi n’u Buganza; abantu bo muri utwo turere bicwa n’inzara karahava. Mu Rukalyi, i Rusororo, hagatura umugabo witwa Rwaserera, akaba umukungu ukomeye cyane,afite amasak yuzuye ibigega;abantu bo muri utwo turere bakajya kumucaho inshuro,ndetse n’abafite ibimasa n’amasuka bakazana akabahahira.
Inzara iguma guca ibintu muri utwo turere.Bukeye umugabo wari utuye i Buganza bwa Kiramuruzi witwa Rubanguka rwa Mhama arikora ajya gukeza Rwaserera. Ageze iwe, ati: > R waserera aramwemerera, aramuhaka. Amushyira mu bahinzi be barahingana. Bukeye Rwaserera ajya kureba uko abahinzi be bahinga .Asanga Rubanguka yihagarariye. Amubonye ,aramutonganya,aranamutuka ,ati: >
Rubanguka abyumvise ararakara, isuka ayijugunya hasi aragenda n’inshuro yaciye arayita; ataha iwabo i Kiramuruzi. Agezeyo abitekerereza abaturanyi be, ababwira uko Rwaserera ari umugome waagutswe n’umurengwe bikabije. Amaze kugenda Rwaserera biramubabaza ati: > Kuva ubwo,uje kwa Rwaserera guhakwa, akamubaza aho aturuka.Yamubwira ko aturuka i Buganza, akamwirukana. Abanyabuganza babura aho bahahira. Haciyeho iminsi, Rubanguka abagisha inama yo gutera Rwaserera ngo bamunyage ubwo bukungu akangisha. Baranga, bati: >
Nuko ngo bugorobe,barikora baboneza iy’i Rusororo ijoro ryose: umuseke wa mbere utambitse bavuza induru ndende, bati: > Rubanda bakangukira hejuru, abanyanzara bose:babyumvise batanguranwa kwa Rwaserera; mbese igihugu cyose kirashika n’isahinda gitera Rwaserera! Baramusakiza basahura ibyo yari afite byose. Urugo baruha inkongi,ahari iwe haratikira hazize uwo mucanshuro Rubanguka rwa Mhama w’i Kiramuruzi. Kuva ubwo rero, babona abantu bari ku muusozi basahinda, bakavuga ngo, >ubwo baba babagererany n’abateye Rwaserera w’i Rusororo azize agasuzuguro k’umurengwe.Gutera Rwaserera =Gutera imvururu z’urudaca.
Byakuwe mu gitabo “Ibirari by’insigamigani


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Mu gitondo cyo kuri uyu wa gatatu tariki ya 28 Nzeri 2022 nibwo umuhanzi Niyo Bosco usanzwe ubarizwa mu nzu ifasha abahanzi ya MIE Empire yasohoye ubutumwa bwashyize benshi mu rujijo bibaza icyo uyu musore abaye ariko kirabayobera.
Mu butumwa burebure bwari mu rurimo rw’icyongereza uyu musore yanditse ,ugenekereje mu kinyarwanda yagize ati:”Ntabwo ndi gukunda uwo ndi kuba we, ntabwo byumvikana nk’ibisanzwe ariko nkumbuye ahahise hanjye kuruta ejo hazaza. Ndumva nacitse intege cyane ,Ndambiwe no kwirengagiza uwo ndiwe nita kukugaburira ibifu by’abandi nyamara icyanjye cyishwe ni nzara.”
Uyu musore wabonaga ko afite agahinda yakomeje agira ati:”Ndifuza ko ibintu byose abantu bita ko nagezeho byakwibagirana nkarwanira ishema ryanjye ntashingiye ku muntu ushaka gutera imbere huti huti naho njye ndimo gusubira hasi. Sinshaka kugira uwo nshinja , gusa uwo mbwira ariyizi”
Uyu musore ubu butumwa yabuherekereje amagambo agira ati:”munsengere” abantu batandukanye babihuje no kuba yaba arwaye indwara y’agahinda gakabije ariko nanone abandi bavuga ko uko biri kose yaba afitanye ikibazo n’uumujyanama we Irene Murindahabi wagize uruhare mukumurikira uyu muhanzi abanyarwanda.
Niyo Bosco afite indirimbo nyinshi zakunzwe zirimo ishyano, Ubigenza ute n’izindi , icyakora nyuma yubu butumwa hari abatekereje ko ubu buryo umuhanzi yaba ari kubwifashisha kugirango avugwe nyuma abone gusohora indirimbo ,cyane ko bigezweho mubahanzi bashaka kumenyekanisha indirimbo zabo.
Ntakintu kirenze Niyo Bosco cyangwa abareberera inyungu ze bari babwira itangazamakuru kugeza ubu..
Featured image by Yose network tv