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Batiri ya Litiyumu ion PACK nigicuruzwa cyingenzi gikora ikizamini cyumuriro wamashanyarazi nyuma yo gusuzuma, guterana, guteranya no guteranya selile, ikanagaragaza niba ubushobozi nibitandukaniro byujuje ibisabwa.
Amashanyarazi ya bateri-parallel monomer nuburyo buhoraho hagati yibitekerezo byihariye muri bateri PACK, gusa bifite ubushobozi bwiza, leta yishyuwe, nko kurwanya imbere, kwishyira ukizana birashobora kugerwaho gukina no kurekura, cpacity ya batiri niba guhuza nabi bishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye. imikorere ya bateri yose, niyo itera kwishyuza cyangwa gusohora ko bitera ibibazo byihishe.Uburyo bwiza bwo guhimba nuburyo bwiza bwo kunoza monomer.
Batiri ya Litiyumu ion igabanywa nubushyuhe bwibidukikije, hejuru cyane cyangwa ubushyuhe buke cyane bizagira ingaruka kubushobozi bwa bateri.Ubuzima bwa cycle ya bateri irashobora kugira ingaruka mugihe bateri ikora ubushyuhe bwinshi mugihe kirekire.Niba ubushyuhe buri hasi cyane, ubushobozi buzagorana gukina.Igipimo cyo gusohora kigaragaza ubushobozi bwa bateri yo kwishyuza no gusohora hejuru.Niba igipimo cyo gusohora ari gito cyane, kwishyuza no gusohora umuvuduko biratinda, bigira ingaruka kumikorere yikizamini.Niba igipimo ari kinini cyane, ubushobozi buzagabanuka bitewe ningaruka ya polarisiyasi ningaruka zumuriro wa bateri, birakenewe rero guhitamo igiciro gikwiye nigipimo cyo gusohora.
1. Guhuza iboneza
Gutunganya neza ntibishobora kunoza gusa imikoreshereze yimikorere ya selile, ariko kandi bigenzura no guhuza imiterere ya selile, niyo shingiro ryo kugera kubushobozi bwiza bwo gusohora no guhagarara kwizuba rya paki ya batiri.Ariko, urwego rwo gukwirakwiza AC impedance ruzarushaho gukomera mugihe ubushobozi buke bwa bateri, buzagabanya imikorere yizunguruka hamwe nubushobozi bwa paki ya batiri.Uburyo bwo kuboneza bateri bushingiye kuri vector iranga bateri irasabwa.Iyi mikorere ya vector irerekana isano iri hagati yo kwishyuza no gusohora amakuru ya voltage ya bateri imwe niy'ibisanzwe.Kwegera kwishyuza-gusohora umurongo wa batiri ni kumurongo usanzwe, niko bisa cyane, kandi niko hafi ya coeffisente ihurira kuri 1. Ubu buryo bushingiye cyane cyane kubufatanye bwa voltage ya monomer, hamwe nibindi bipimo kuri kugera ku bisubizo byiza.Ingorabahizi nubu buryo ni ugutanga ibikoresho bisanzwe bya bateri.Bitewe nimbogamizi zumusaruro, hagomba kubaho itandukaniro hagati ya selile ikorwa muri buri cyiciro, kandi biragoye cyane kubona ibiranga bikwiranye na buri cyiciro.
Isesengura ryinshi ryakoreshejwe mu gusesengura uburyo bwo gusuzuma itandukaniro hagati ya selile imwe.Ubwa mbere, ingingo zingenzi zigira ingaruka kumikorere ya bateri yakuwe muburyo bw'imibare, hanyuma gukuramo imibare byakozwe kugirango hamenyekane isuzuma ryuzuye no kugereranya imikorere ya batiri.Isesengura ryuzuye ryimikorere ya batiri ryahinduwe mubisesengura ryinshi, kandi uburyo bworoshye bwo kugabura neza imikorere ya batiri bwashyizwe imbere.Irasabwa hashingiwe ku guhitamo selile igizwe na sisitemu yuzuye yo gusuzuma imikorere, bizaba icyiciro cya Delphi cyurwego rwimyenda ihanamye hamwe no gupima ibintu, bateri yibice byinshi byerekana imishino ifatika, kandi ikanesha uruhande rumwe rwibipimo nkibipimo ngenderwaho, ibishyira mubikorwa. isuzuma ryimikorere yubwoko bwimbaraga za lithium ion, Impamyabumenyi ihanitse yavuye mubisubizo byatanzwe itanga ishingiro ryizewe ryo gutoranya no kugabura bateri.
Ibyingenzi byingenzi biranga hamwe nuburyo bwitsinda bikurikije amafaranga ya bateri no gusohora umurongo kugirango ugere kumurimo hamwe nitsinda, intambwe ifatika yo kuyishyira mubikorwa ni ugukuramo ingingo yibintu kumurongo, ubanza gukora ibiranga vector, ukurikije buri murongo uri hagati yintera hagati yimiterere ya vector kumurongo wibipimo, muguhitamo algorithms ikwiye kugirango tumenye urutonde rwumurongo, hanyuma urangize bateri yimikorere yitsinda.Ubu buryo busuzuma imikorere itandukanye ya bateri ikora.Ukurikije ibi, ibindi bipimo bikwiye byatoranijwe kugirango bikore iboneza rya batiri, kandi bateri ifite imikorere ihamye irashobora gutondekwa.
2. Uburyo bwo kwishyuza
Sisitemu yo kwishyuza ikwiye igira ingaruka zikomeye kubushobozi bwa bateri.Niba ubujyakuzimu bwimbitse, ubushobozi bwo gusohora buzagabanuka.Niba ubujyakuzimu bwimbitse ari buke, ibintu bikora bya batiri bizagira ingaruka kandi byangiritse bidasubirwaho, bigabanye ubushobozi nubuzima bwa bateri.Kubwibyo rero, igipimo gikwiye cyo kwishyuza, hejuru yumubyigano wo hejuru hamwe na voltage ihoraho yo guhagarika amashanyarazi bigomba gutoranywa kugirango ubushobozi bwumuriro bushoboke kugerwaho, mugihe hagomba gukoreshwa uburyo bwo kwishyuza neza hamwe numutekano no gutekana.Kugeza ubu, ingufu za lithium ion ya batiri ahanini ifata burigihe-burigihe - uburyo bwo kwishyuza burigihe.Iyo usesenguye ibisubizo bihoraho-bigezweho na voltage yumuriro wa sisitemu ya fosifate ya lithium fer na batteri ya ternary munsi yumuriro utandukanye hamwe na voltage zitandukanye, birashobora kugaragara ko1) iyo amashanyarazi ya cutoff yamashanyarazi ari mugihe, amashanyarazi yumuriro ariyongera, igipimo gihoraho-kigabanuka, igihe cyo kwishyuza kiragabanuka, ariko gukoresha ingufu biriyongera;.Kugirango umenye ubushobozi bwa bateri, kwishyiriraho amashanyarazi ya batiri ya lithium fer fosifate ntigomba kuba munsi ya 3.4V.Kuringaniza igihe cyo kwishyuza no gutakaza ingufu, hitamo igihe gikwiye cyo kwishyuza nigihe cyo guhagarika.
Ihame rya SOC ya buri monomer igena ahanini ubushobozi bwo gusohora paki ya batiri, kandi kwishyuza kuringaniza bitanga amahirwe yo kumenya guhuza urubuga rwa SOC rwambere rwa buri monomer isohoka, rushobora kuzamura ubushobozi bwo gusohora no gukora neza (ubushobozi bwo gusohora / ubushobozi bwo gusohora ).Uburyo bwo kuringaniza muburyo bwo kwishyuza bivuga kuringaniza ingufu za batiri ya lithium ion mugikorwa cyo kwishyuza.Mubisanzwe bitangira kuringaniza iyo voltage yumupaki wa batiri igeze cyangwa iri hejuru yumuriro wa voltage, kandi ikarinda kwishyuza mukugabanya amashanyarazi.
Ukurikije leta zitandukanye za selile zitandukanye mumapaki ya bateri, hashyizweho ingamba zo kugenzura uburyo bwo kwishyuza bwihuse kugirango habeho kwishyurwa byihuse bya batiri no gukuraho ingaruka za selile zidahuye kumibereho yumuzingi wibikoresho bya batiri muguhuza neza umuriro. ikigezweho cya selile kugiti cye binyuze muburyo buringaniye bwo kugenzura ibintu bya bateri.By'umwihariko, muri rusange ingufu za batiri ya lithium ion zirashobora kongerwaho kuri bateri kugiti cye muguhindura ibimenyetso, cyangwa ingufu za bateri kugiti cye zirashobora guhinduka mubipaki rusange.Mugihe cyo kwishyuza bateri, module iringaniza igenzura voltage ya buri bateri.Iyo voltage igeze ku gaciro runaka, kuringaniza module itangira gukora.Umuyoboro wamashanyarazi muri bateri imwe ntushobora kugabanya ingufu zumuriro, kandi ingufu zigasubizwa muri bisi zishakisha binyuze muri module kugirango ihindurwe, kugirango ugere ku ntego yo kuringaniza.
Abantu bamwe bashyira imbere igisubizo cyo kwishyuza ibintu bitandukanye.Igitekerezo cyo kuringaniza ubu buryo nuko ingufu ziyongera gusa zitangwa muri selile imwe ifite ingufu nke, bikabuza inzira yo gukuramo ingufu za selile imwe nimbaraga nyinshi, byoroshya cyane topologiya yumuzunguruko.Nukuvuga ko ibiciro bitandukanye byo kwishyuza bikoreshwa mugutwara bateri kugiti cye hamwe ningufu zitandukanye kugirango bigerweho neza.
3. Igipimo cyo gusohora
Igipimo cyo gusohora ni indangagaciro yingirakamaro ya bateri ya lithium ion.Igipimo kinini cyo gusohora cya batiri ni ikizamini cyibikoresho byiza bya electrode na electrolyte.Kubijyanye na fosifate ya lithium, ifite imiterere ihamye, umutwaro muto mugihe cyo kwishyuza no gusohora, kandi ifite imiterere yibanze yo gusohora kwinshi, ariko ikintu kitameze neza ni imikorere mibi ya fosifate ya lithium.Ikwirakwizwa rya lithium ion muri electrolyte ni ikintu cyingenzi kigira ingaruka ku gipimo cyo gusohora kwa batiri, kandi ikwirakwizwa rya ion muri batiri rifitanye isano rya bugufi n'imiterere hamwe na electrolyte ya batiri.
Kubwibyo, ibipimo bitandukanye byo gusohora biganisha kumwanya wo gusohora no gusohora amashanyarazi ya bateri, biganisha kubushobozi butandukanye bwo gusohora, cyane cyane kuri bateri zibangikanye.Kubwibyo, igipimo gikwiye cyo gusohoka kigomba gutoranywa.Ubushobozi buboneka bwa bateri buragabanuka hamwe no kwiyongera kwamashanyarazi.
Jiang Cuina nibindi byo kwiga igipimo cyo gusohora ibyuma bya fosifate ya lithium-ion ya bateri monomer irashobora gusohora ubushobozi, ingaruka zubwoko bumwe bwambere bwo guhuza neza bateri ya monomer iri muri 1 c yumuriro kugeza kuri 3.8 V, hanyuma bikurikiranye na 0.1, 0.2.2 % yubushobozi bwa C / 3 bwarekuwe, ningufu zarekuwe ni 97.2% na 94.3% byingufu za C / 3 zasohotse.Birashobora kugaragara ko hamwe no kwiyongera kwimyuka isohoka, ubushobozi bwarekuwe nimbaraga zarekuwe za batiri ya lithium ion igabanuka cyane.
Mu gusohora bateri ya lithium ion, muri rusange hatoranijwe 1C yigihugu, kandi ibyuka bisohoka mubisanzwe bigarukira kuri 2 ~ 3C.Iyo usohokanye numuyoboro mwinshi, hazabaho ubushyuhe bwinshi no gutakaza ingufu.Noneho rero, ikurikirane ubushyuhe bwimigozi ya bateri mugihe nyacyo kugirango wirinde kwangirika kwa bateri no kugabanya igihe cya bateri.
4. Imiterere yubushyuhe
Ubushyuhe bufite ingaruka zikomeye kubikorwa bya electrode nibikorwa bya electrolyte muri bateri.Ubushobozi bwa bateri bugira ingaruka cyane kubushyuhe bwo hejuru cyangwa buke.
Ku bushyuhe buke, ibikorwa bya bateri biragabanuka cyane, ubushobozi bwo gushira no kurekura lithium buragabanuka, kurwanya imbere kwa bateri na voltage ya polarisiyasi byiyongera, ubushobozi nyabwo burahari buragabanuka, ubushobozi bwo gusohora bateri buragabanuka, urubuga rwo gusohora ruri hasi, bateri iroroshye kugera kumashanyarazi asohoka, ibyo bikaba bigaragazwa nubushobozi bwa bateri bwagabanutse, gukoresha ingufu za batiri bigabanuka.
Mugihe ubushyuhe buzamutse, ioni ya lithium irasohoka igashyirwa hagati yinkingi nziza kandi mbi igakora, bityo imbere ya bateri ikagabanuka kandi igihe cyo gufata kikaba kirekire, ibyo bikaba byongera umuvuduko wa elegitoronike mukuzunguruka hanze kandi bigatuma ubushobozi bukora neza.Ariko, niba bateri ikora mubushyuhe bwo hejuru mugihe kirekire, ituze ryimiterere ya lattice nziza rizarushaho kuba bibi, umutekano wa bateri uzagabanuka, kandi ubuzima bwa bateri buzagabanuka cyane.
Zhe Li n'abandi.yize ku bushyuhe bwubushyuhe ku bushobozi bwo gusohora bwa bateri, kandi yandika igipimo cyubushobozi bwo gusohora bwa bateri nubushobozi busanzwe bwo gusohora (1C isohoka kuri 25 ℃) mubushyuhe butandukanye.Guhuza ubushobozi bwa bateri guhinduka hamwe nubushyuhe, dushobora kubona: aho: C nubushobozi bwa bateri;T ni ubushyuhe;R2 ni coeffisente ijyanye no guhuza.Ibisubizo byubushakashatsi byerekana ko ubushobozi bwa bateri bwangirika vuba kubushyuhe buke, ariko bwiyongera hamwe nubushyuhe bwubushyuhe bwicyumba.Ubushobozi bwa bateri kuri -40 ℃ ni kimwe cya gatatu cyagaciro kizina, mugihe kuri 0 ℃ kugeza kuri 60 ℃, ubushobozi bwa batiri buva kuri 80% byubushobozi bwizina bugera ku 100%.
Isesengura ryerekana ko igipimo cyimpinduka zo kurwanya ohmic kurugero rwo hejuru kirenze icy'ubushyuhe bwo hejuru, ibyo bikaba byerekana ko ubushyuhe buke bugira ingaruka zikomeye kumikorere ya bateri, bityo bikagira ingaruka kuri bateri irashobora kurekurwa.Hamwe n'ubwiyongere bwubushyuhe, kurwanya ohmic hamwe na polarisiyasi yo kwishyuza no gusohora bigabanuka.Nyamara, ku bushyuhe bwo hejuru, uburinganire bwimiti hamwe nubutunzi bwibintu muri bateri bizasenywa, bikavamo ingaruka zishobora kubaho, bizagira ingaruka kubushobozi no kurwanya imbere muri bateri, bigatuma ubuzima bwikigihe bugabanuka ndetse bikanagabanya umutekano.
Kubwibyo, ubushyuhe bwo hejuru hamwe nubushyuhe buke bizagira ingaruka kumikorere nubuzima bwa batiri ya fosifate ya lithium.Mubikorwa nyirizina byo gukora, uburyo bushya nko gucunga ubushyuhe bwa batiri bugomba gukoreshwa kugirango barebe ko bateri ikora mubihe byubushyuhe bukwiye.Icyumba gihoraho cyo gupima ubushyuhe bwa 25 ℃ kirashobora gushirwaho muri bateri PACK ihuza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-21-2022


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Kuri iki Cyumweru Tariki ya gatandatu gashyantare 2022 Diyosezi ya Cyangugu yakiriye kumugaragaro aba Bikira bo mu muryango w’Inshuti z’Abakene bagiye gukorera ubutumwa bwabo muri Paruwase ya Nkombo.
Aba babikira bageze muri iyi paruwase ya Nkombo kuri uyu wa Gatanu taliki ya Kane Gashyantare aho bahageze baherekejwe n’Umwesipisikopi wa Diyosezi ya Cyangugu,Musenyeri Edouard SINAYOBYE, bamwe mubapadiri bakorera ubutumwa muri iyi Diyosezi, Abihaye Imana mumiryango y’Ababikira itandukanye, Abayobozi b’inzego bwite za leta ndetse na bamwe muba Kristu bahagarariye abandi.
Bakigera ku mwaro, aba bashyitsi bakiriwe neza n’itsinda ry’Abasamyi bo muri iyi paruwase ya Nkombo nyuma bakomereza kuri paruwase aho basangiye n’ababaherekeje ndetse havugirwa n’amagambo atandukanye.
Mu ijambo rye Nyiricyubahiro Musenyeri Edouard Sinayobye yashimye uyu muryango w’Ababikira b’Inshuti z’Abakene wemeye kuza muri paruwase ya Nkombo mu gihe gito babisabwe bakaba kandi baraje mu bihe bigoye ndetse batanafite inyubako yabo yihariye, ibyo Musenyeri yagereranije no kuba umwana w’Imana yaraje adafite n’aho kwegeka umusaya(Mt 8,20).
Nyiricyubahiro Musenyeri yakomeje asaba aba Babikira kuzita by’umwihariko kubana b’abakobwa bo muri iyi paruwase ya Nkombo bakabategurira kuzubaka ingo zabo neza ndetse bakavamo n’Abihayimana benshi kandi beza.
Mu butumwa bwatanzwe na Mama Mukuru w’Ababikira bo mu muryango w’Inshuti z’Abakene,Mama Dativa NIKUZE, yatangiye ashima Imana yabafashije kwaguka nk’umuryango ubu bakaba bamaze kugera muri Diyosezi eshanu (Kigali, Kibungo, Butare, Byumba na Cyangugu) mu zigize kiliziya mu Rwanda. Yakomeje kandi ashima Nyiricyubahiro Musenyeri Umushumba wa Diyosezi ya Cyangugu n’abapadiri ba Paruwase ya Nkombo bakoze ibishoboka kugira ngo igikorwa cyo kuzana uyu muryango muri iyi paruwase kigende neza kandi mu gihe gito. Yasoje asaba Abakristu ba Nkombo kuzabafasha uko bashoboye kugira ngo ubutumwa bwabo buzagende neza.
Umuyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w’umurenge wa Nkombo wari uhagarariye inzego bwite za leta muri uyu muhango, yashimye Diyosezi ya Cyangugu idahwema gushyiraho imikoranire myiza n’inzego za leta yizeza kandi aba babikira kuzababa hafi mu butumwa bwabo.
Uyu muryango w’Ababikira b’Inshuti z’Aabakene muri paruwase ya Nkombo utangiranye n’Ababikira bane bazaba bafite inshingano zitandukanye.
Umuryango w’Ababikira w’Inshuti z’Abakene washinzwe mu 1988 usingwa na Mama Gatalina NDUWAMARIYA utangirira muri Arikediyosezi ya Kigali muri Paruwase Umutima Utagira Inenge wa Bikira Mariya ya Rwankuba.
Byegeranijwe na Kazuba Kambanda Fabrice

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Habitegeko Francois, Guverineri w’intara y’iburengerazuba avuga ko imiryango yiganjemo ubusinzi ari nayo iza ku isonga mu kugira abana benshi bagwingiye.
Ibi yabigarutseho mu nama nyunguranabitekerezo ku ngamba zo kurwanya igwingira yabaye kuri uyu wa 14 Ukwakira 2022 yahuje abayobozi b’iyi ntara n’abayobozi b’uturere, abayobozi b’uturere bungirije bashinzwe imibereho myiza n’abayobozi b’ibitaro biri muri iyi ntara.
Habitegeko Francois, Guverineri w’intara y’iburengerazuba muri iyi nama yongeye kwibutsa abayitabiriye ko ubusinzi mu miryango ari imwe mu mpamvu zikomeje gutuma igwingira ryiyongera.
Ati “Imiti ikora ikoranye kuko guhangana n’igwingira bisaba ibintu byinshi kandi byose birakenewe kuko tugeze aho ababyeyi bakwiriye kwita ku bana babagaburira indyo yuzuye, imiryango ikirangwamo ubusinzi n’amakimbirane usanga ariyo iza ku isonga mu kugira abana bagwingiye, nka Ngororero birababaje kuba 50% by’abana bari munsi y’imyaka 5 baragwingiye
Habitegeko akomeza avuga ko ingamba zifatwa n’ubwo biba ingorabahizi mu ishyirwamubikorwa ryazo ariko akemeza ko nta kabuza uturere two mu ntara y’iburengerazuba tuzagerageza gukora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo bitarenze 2024 twose twageze kuri 19% mu kugabanya igwingira.
Mukunduhirwe Benjamine, Umuyobozi w’akarere ka Ngororero wungirije ushinzwe imibereho myiza nawe ahamya ko bafite imibare myinshi y’abana bagwingiye
Ati “Imibare yagaragajwe n’ubushakashatsi bwa RDHS-2020 iri hejuru mu igwingira ry’abana, gusa twasanze ababyeyi bakaneye kwigishwa byihariye gutegura indyo yuzuye ndetse bakigishwa no kuboneza urubyaro kuko ababyeyi usanga abenshi batazi kuboneza urubyaro, gusa hari byinshi birimo gukorwa bifasha abaturage kwivana mu bukene.”
Akomeza agira ati “Iyo bantu babanye nabi ntibabasha kwita ku bana cyangwa gukorera ingo zabo, dore ko dutangira uyu mwaka w’ingengo y’imari twari dufite ingo 346 ibana mu makimbirane, ariko ku bufatanye bw’amadini n’amatorero twarayigabanye ngo bigishwe kugira ngo bave mu makimbirane, buri kwezi turagenzura kandi hari benshi batangiye kuvamo bikaba bitanga icyizere ku kugabanya igwingira.”
Mukunduhirwe akomeza avuga ko akarere ka Ngororero kagenerwa ingengo y’imari isaga Miliyari imwe yo gufasha abaturage mu kugabanya igwingira ashyirwa mu ngo mbozamikurire zirenga igihumbi, agakoreshwa mu kubagurira amata na shisha kibondo ndetse abana barapimwa kenshi, imiryango imwe n’imwe itagiraga aho ihinga ikodesherezwa imirima yo guhinga kandi hakaba harashyizweho ingamba zitandukanye zirimo “Umuganura w’Umwana” kugira ngo yaba abayobozi n’abafatanyabikorwa bose bajyane muri uru rugamba kugira ngo bagabanye imibare y’abana bagwingiye.
Imibare igaragaza uko igwingira mu ntara y’iburengerazuba rihagaze nk’uko ubushakashatsi bwa RDHS 2015-2020 ibigaragaza akarere ka Ngororero niko kaza ku isonga mu kugira abana benshi bagwingiye kuko gafite abana bagwingiye bari ku kigero cya 50.5%, hakurikiraho akarere ka Nyabihu gafite 46.5%, akarere ka Rutsiro niko gakurikiraho kuko gafite 44.4%, akarere ka Rubavu gafite 40.2%, akarere ka Nyamasheke ka kagira 37.7%, akarere ka Karongi gafite abana bagwingiye ku kigero cya 32.4% mu gihe akarere ka Rusizi ariko gafite imibare mike kuko gafite 30.7%.


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Iyi nyandiko yashyizwe ko isoko ni iyo Charles Darwin yakoze asobanura ibijyanye na ’theory of evolution’, nka bumwe mu buvumbuzi yakoze bugaruka ku kuntu umuntu yabayeho biturutse ku nguge.
Iyi nyandiko iriho n’umukono w’uyu mugabo yashyizwe mu cyamunara kuri uyu wa Gatanu tariki 25 Ugushyingo, i New York muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.
Byitezwe ko ishobora kugurwa akayabo mu madorali kuko iri mu nyandiko nke zisigaye zigaragaraho umukono bwite wa Charles Darwin, kuko mu buzima bw’uyu mugabo ataranzwe no kubika ibintu bitandukanye yagiye yandika.
Undi mwihariko w’iyi nyandiko ni uko ari yo yonyine Charles Darwin yanditseho amazina ye yose mu mukono we bwite, kuko yakundaga gukoresha amazina ya "C Darwin" cyangwa "Ch Darwin".
Charles Darwin ni umuhanga w’Umwongereza wavutse mu 1809, aza kwitaba Imana mu 1882. Mu gihe yamaze ku Isi yavumbuye ibintu bitandukanye mu bijyanye n’ibinyabuzima n’ubumenyi bw’Isi.
Yamenyekanye cyane kubera ubuvumbuzi yakoze, agaragaza ko mu gihe runaka utunyangingo runaka dushobora guhinduka, ari naho yahereye yemeza ko umuntu tubona uyu munsi yahoze ateye nk’inguge.


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Dore Ibibazo N’ibisubizo bijyanye n’Amanota y’Ibizamini bya Leta bisoza amashuri abanza n’ibisoza icyiciro rusange cy’amashuri yisumbuye 2022
Nyuma yuko Minisiteri y’Uburezi binyuze mucyigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe Ibizamini n’Ubugenzuzi bw’Amashuri (NESA) ishyize hanze Amanota y’Ibizamini bya Leta bisoza amashuri abanza n’ibisoza icyiciro rusange cy’amashuri yisumbuye , benshii bakomeje kwibaza ibibazo byinshii bitandukanye kuriyo , ni muri urwo rwego hano hari bimwe mubibazo n’ibisubizo bishobora kugufashaa kumenya byinshii kubirebana naya manota y’abanyeshuri yasohotse uyu munsi kuwa, 27/9/ 2022
KANDA HANO KUREBA AMANOTA y’abakoze ibizamini bya Leta 2022 | New Way of Checking National Examinations RESULTS 2022
KANDA HANO UREBE UKO Igikorwa cyo Gutangaza Amanota y’abanyeshuri bakoze ibizamini bya Leta bisoza amashuri abanza n’ibisoza icyiciro rusange cy’amashuri yisumbuye CYAGENZE


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U Rwanda rufite gahunda yo gutera ibiti nibura miliyoni 36 uyu mwaka mu rwego rwo kurushaho kubungabunga ibidukikije, kubera iyo mpamvu Minisiteri y’Ibidukikije yatangije gahunda yo gutera ibiti mu mashuri byiganjemo iby’imbuto ziribwa.
Kuri uyu wa Kabiri tariki ya 22 Ugushyingo 2022, iyi gahunda yatangirijwe mu ishuri rya Ecole Belge de Kigali, aho umujyi wa Kigali watangaje ko muri uyu mwaka hagiye guterwa ibisaga ibihumbi 21 mu bigo by’amashuri nk’uko Meya w’Umujyi wa Kigali, Rubingisa Pudence yabigarutseho.
Ati “Twatangiye gahunda yo gutera ibiti, tumaze iminsi dutera ibiti mu Mujyi wa Kigali kandi tuyigira buri mwaka. Twasanze ari ngombwa ko duhera no mu mashuri abana bato bagakura bazi kubungabunga ibidukikije icyo ari cyo, bazi kubitera n’akamaro kabyo.”
Yavuze ko muri Kigali hagiye guterwa ibiti bisaga ibihumbi 400 kandi no mu mashuri ubukangurambaga burakomeje mu rwego rwo gutera ibiti byiganjemo imbuto ziribwa zizanifashishwa mu kurwanya imirire mibi mu mashuri.
Kuri ubu mu Karere ka Nyarugenge hateganyijwe guterwa ibiti 9685, Gasabo bazatera ibiti 7020 mu gihe Kicukiro yitegura gutera ibiti ibihumbi birenga ibihumbi bine.
Minisitiri w’Ibidukikije, Mujawamariya Jeanne d’Arc, yavuze ko gahunda yo gutera ibiti u Rwanda rwiyemeje igomba gukorwa ahantu hatandukanye harimo no mu mashuri mu rwego rwo gukundisha abakiri bato ibyiza byo kubungabunga ibidukikije.
Ati “Ibyo biti dufite muri gahunda harimo n’ibyo ibigo by’amashuri bizatera. Buriya iyo uhaye umwana ubutumwa abugeza ku wo umutumyeho, aba rero ni intumwa za Leta ku babyeyi babo. Buriya umwana muto uteye igiti uba umuhaye ejo heza hazaza. Igiti ni ubuzima kandi ni ejo hazaza h’u Rwanda biba byiza n’abana bagize uruhare mu kugira Isi nziza.”
Nubwo Minisiteri y’Ibidukikije yihaye gutera ibiti miliyoni 36 ariko ngo ibimaze kuboneka bigaragaza ko bashobora no gutera miliyoni 40 bigizwemo uruhare na buri munyarwanda.
Minisitiri Mujawamariya yasabye Abanyarwanda muri rusange kugira uruhare mu gutera ibiti bahereye mu ngo zabo, ku mihanda banyuramo, ku nsengero, mu mirima n’ahandi hatandukanye ndetse n’urubyiruko arwibutsa kugira uruhare mu gutegura ejo hazaza heza.
Umuyobozi w’Ishuri rya Ecole Belge de Kigali, Pierre Dulieu, yavuze ko gutera ibiti ku bana b’abanyeshuri bibafasha gutegura neza ahazaza habo ndetse no kongera kuzirikana akamaro kabyo.
Ati “Twebwe turi abarezi, turigisha ariko tunategura ahazaza heza h’abana. Iyo dutera ibiti mu mashuri bibafasha kurushaho gutekereza ku kamaro k’ibiti kandi bibafasha no kugira ikirere n’umwuka mwiza uborohereza kwiga neza.”
Umukozi muri Ambasade y’u Bubiligi Jean Michel Swalens, yavuze ko gahunda yo gutera ibiti u Rwanda rwihaye izafasha mu kurushaho guhangana no kubungabunga ibidikikije kandi ko kubitera mu bigo by’ishuri ari ingirakamaro.
Amafoto: Yuhi Augustin


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Mu by’ukuri iyo witegereje usanga ikibazo hagati y’abahutu n’abatutsi gishingiye ku butegetsi. Mu myaka yose Abatutsi bategetse igihugu, byiswe ko nta kibazo cyari kiriho kugeza igihe abahutu nabo basabye kwinjira mu myanya y’ubuyobozi/ubutegetsi. Aha ni ho abigiza nkana bahera bashima ubutegetsi bwa cyami mbere y’umwaduko w’abazungu, bakagira bati mu gihugu nta bibazo by’amoko byari bihari. N’uyu munsi wa none, abahutu baramutse bicecekeye ntibasabe uburinganire n’abatutsi hari abavuga bati nta kibazo Hutu -Tutsi kiriho ! Gusa rero aho ibihe bigeze abahutu bamenye ko nabo bafite uburenganzira bwo kujya mu myanya y’ubutegetsi kandi ntibazahwema gusaba ko ubwo burenganzira bwubahirizwa. Iki kibazo rero gishingiye ku buringanire bw’amoko imbere y’amategeko, uburinganire mu gusaranganya ibyiza by’igihugu byose.
Mu gushaka gupfukirana ibyo abahutu basabaga mbere ya revolisiyo ya rubanda (1959-1962), abagaragu b’ibwami babanje kuvuga ko ntacyo bapfana n’abahutu, ko bo ari ibimanuka byaje gutegeka, abahutu bakaba abasangwabutaka bagomba gutegekwa, ko abagabana ari abava inda imwe. Ibi ariko ntibyaciye intege abaharaniraga uburenganzira bw’abahutu, bigeza aho umwami azanye andi mayeri, avuga ko nta moko ahari ko u Rwanda rutuwe n’inyabutatu nyarwanda. Yibagirwa ko ubwabyo iyi nyito yamutamazaga : kuki ari inyabutatu ntibe inyabutanu cyangwa butandatu ? (ubutatu ni Hutu, Tutsi na Twa). Kuri we, gukemura ikibazo kwari ukuvuga ko kitariho bikaba birarangiye. N’uyu munsi wa none FPR-Inkotanyi ni wo muvuno ikoresha. Ivuga ko nta moko ariho, yayavanye mu Itegekonshinga, iyasimbuza utundi tubyiniriro. Abacitse ku icumu, interahamwe, abasigajwe inyuma n’amateka, ni ibice abanyarwanda bumva bakamenya niba uri umuhutu, umutwa cyangwa umututsi.
Iyo witegereje uko ubutegetsi bw’u Rwanda bumeze muri iki gihe, uhita ubona ikibazo gikomeye : Abatutsi ni bo bonyine bari mu myanya yose ifatirwamo ibyemezo, ibigo by’imari n’ubucuruzi, inzego z’ubuyobozi bw’ingabo, ….mu gihe abahutu bakomeje kwigizwayo no gukeneshwa, kwamburwa amasambu n’ibindi. Yemwe no mu buyobozi bw’amadini, ubuyobozi ni ubw’abatutsi !
Uku kwikubira ibyiza by’igihugu ni ikibazo gikomeye cyane gikwiye kwitonderwa.
Arusha yarakirengagije : kubaka igihugu kigendera ku mategeko byonyine ntibihagije
Bwana NKULIYINGOMA yemeza ko ubwo Arusha yemeraga ko hajyaho igihugu gishingiye ku mahame yubahiriza amategeko (Etat de droit/ Rule of law) ubwo yari ikemuye ikibazo hagati y’abahutu n’abatutsi ndetse agasoza agira ati : « Muri make, umuti wari wavugutiwe Arusha ntabwo ari uwo gusuzugura. Njyewe nkeka wenda amaherezo ariwo tuzagarukaho ».
Kubaka igihugu kigendera ku mategeko ntibihagije ngo ikibazo hagati y’abahutu n’abatutsi gikemuke. Hakwiye ingamba zikakaye kandi zidaca ku ruhande ikibazo ubwacyo. Ntushobora gukemura ikibazo udashatse no kukivuga. “Ushaka gukira indwara arayirata”. FPR ntiyashakaga ko ikibazo Hutu -Tutsi kivugwa ni nayo mpamvu Kanyarengwe w’umuhutu yashyirwaga imbere ngo asinyane amasezerano na Habyarimana w’umuhutu, bityo bigaragare ko nta kibazo Hutu -Tutsi. Ntabwo FPR-Inkotanyi itandukanye na Lunari (UNAR) ishyaka ry’umwami, wa mwami wabonaga ko abahutu badakwiye gusaba kujya mu butegetsi. Iyi UNAR (RANU mu cyongereza) niyo yahindutse FPR-Inkotanyi mu mwaka wa 1987. Utaziga amateka azasigara !
Arusha yaravugaga ngo ikibazo Hutu-Tutsi ni kimwe mu bibazo byari biriho, kandi koko byari ukuri. Ariko si ikibazo gishobora kubonerwa umuti ngo ni uko ibindi byakemutse, kuko aho ibihe byari bigeze ndetse kugeza n’uyu munsi ibyo bibazo bindi si byo bituma abahutu n’abatutsi bashyamirana. Muti gute? Buriya n’iyo wafata u Rwanda ukarushyiramo demokarasi, buri wese agahabwa uburenganzira bwe, agakora umurimo yatsinze ibizamini kurusha abandi (méritocracie), ubukungu ukabufungura ( libéralisation), ubutegetsi bugatandukana ( séparation des pouvoirs), ubutabera bukigenga, amategeko yose akubahirizwa, ntiwaba utanze igisubizo gikwiye. Kubera ko kuva abahutu basaba uburenganzira bwabo mu myaka ya za 1950, abatutsi bashyizwemo ibitekerezo ko abahutu babanga. Intambara y’inyenzi, iya FPR, ubwicanyi bwibasiye abahutu, ubwibasiye abatutsi, ibi byose byatumye intera itandukanya abahutu n’abatutsi iba ndende. Ubashyize mu matora asesuye, abahutu batora umuhutu, abatutsi bagatora umututsi, bityo kubera ko abatutsi ari ba nyamuke, ntibazagera ku butegetsi. Aha niho ruzingiye. Abatutsi babangukirwa no gutegekesha imbunda kurusha demokarasi kuko ibakandamiza kabone n’iyo igihugu cyaba kigendera ku mategeko. Hari n’abatekereza bati ubwo abahutu ari benshi uwagenda abica gahoro gahoro tukazagera aho basigara aribo bakeya. Simbona ko kwica abantu ari ugukemura ikibazo mu buryo bwiza.
Ku kibazo kimaze kuba nk’igiti cy’inganzamarumbo hakenewe igihe kirekire ngo gikemuke tugere aho kugendera ku mategeko byonyine biba bihagije. Ihame rya “démocratie consensuelle” (demokarasi irimo ibirungo) hagati y’abahutu n’abatutsi nemera ko ryadufasha mu gihe cyo kubaka icyizere hagati y’abanyarwanda nibura mu gihe cy’imyaka 30. U Rwanda si rwo rwonyine rufite ba nyamuke bakwiye kurindwa, twakwigira ku bandi. Ubutaha nzabagezaho umushinga wa demokarasi y’impanga ishyaka ISHEMA rigeza ku Banyarwanda ngo bawutangeho ibitekerezo.
RBB nikora nka Arusha tuzaba dusubiye inyuma ho imyaka 30 kandi bizatugora. Kwicara mu Gacaca ni ngombwa mbere y’uko abantu bagira icyo bafatanya.
Umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa yananijwe n’abahezanguni bari abajyanama be. Ntibashoboye kumva ko umuyaga w’Ubwingenge utagira rutangira, nuko bumira ku ruhu nka cya kirondwe!
Benshi badusabye kubagezaho ya mabaruwa 2 y’urukozasoni y’abagaragu bakuru b’ibwami ya le 17 na le 18 /5/1958. Twasanze kumenya umugani wa SABIZEZE-KIGWA byafasha buri wese kurushaho kumva ayo mabaruwa n’inkomoko y’ikibazo cy’amoko mu Rwanda.Uwo mugani(mythe) uvuga iby’Ibimanuka, washyizwe kenshi mu majwi ko waba ari wo shingiro ry’ikibazo cy’amoko mu Rwanda. Muraza kwirebera koko ukuntu Abagaragu b’i bwami bawuhereyeho bagaha ireme ivangura hagati y’abana b’Urwanda. Ni yo mpamvu tubanje gutangaza uwo mugani wa KIGWA, amabaruwa agakurikiraho. Mushobora kwisomera uyu mugani kwa KAGAME Alexis, Inganji Karinga, Kabgayi,21959, pp.61-65. Tubifurije kunyurwa n’ibyo musoma.
I. Umugani wa Kigwa
Kera mu gihugu cyo hejuru hahoze umuntu akitwa SHYEREZO. Ashaka abagore benshi, balimo uwitwa GASANI. Aliko GASANI aba ingumba. Bukeye haza umuhanuzikazi witwaga Impamvu, aramubwira ati : « Nkuragurire umuhungu ugiye kubyara ! Icyo uzampa ntikiruhije : upfa kunyihera icyo nambara n’ikintunga, nkaza ngatura mu rugo rwawe gusa, kugirango mbone n’ubulyo bwo kugumya kukubwiliza uko uzabigenza. Gasani yemera ibyo IMPAMVU amubwiye : amutungira aho mu baja be.
Bukeye IMPAMVU abwira nyirabuja ati : « Ubajishe igicuba cy’umurinzi ucyuzuzemo amata nzakubwira ». Muli iyo minsi, SHYEREZO aza kubagisha ikimasa yiraguliza : abapfumu bamaze kucyorosora, baratega basanga cyeze. Bajya rero mu nzu kuvuga amabara yacyo. Igihe bahugiye muri ibyo, IMPAMVU abwira nyirabuja ngo yibe umutima wacyo. Arawiba ! Bawujugunya muri cya gicuba cy’umurinzi bali bujujemo amata. Igicuba bakijisha hamwe n’ibisabo, bakajya bakibuganizamo amata uko inka zihumuje mu gitondo na nimugoroba, kugirango amata ahore yuzuyemo. Babara amezi cyenda, ukwa cumi barajishura ! Bapfunduye basanga akana k’uruhinja kareremba hejuru y’amata. Bavuza impundu bati : « Gasani arabyaye ! »
Inkuru ngo igere kuri SHYEREZO bamubwira ngo aze kwita umwana izina, SHYEREZO aranga ati : « Uwo mwana si uwanjye ! Nibamwicesinshaka ko ambera aho ! » GASANI n’umuja we babimenye baramuhisha, kuko abazaga kumwica babaga banga kwiteranya na nyirabuja : baza bakabanza kumubulira. Umwana amaze gukura, aba mwiza cyane. Inkuru igera kuri SHYEREZO bati : « Rwose ufite umwana mwiza cyane, utarigera aboneka mu bantu ! ». Ati : « Uwo mwana ko nategetse kumwica, byagenze bite ? Nibagende bamwice, simushaka nta bwo ari uwanjye ! » Abagaragu atumye baraza babwira GASANI bati : « Tuje kureba umwana wawe barahiriye : muduhamagarire tumubone ! » Nyina akaba yaramwise SABIZEZE. Aje ngo bamukubite amaso, baramutangarira gusa, ntihagira uwibuka ibyo kumwica. Baragenda babwira se bati : « Uwamwica ni nko kukwica ubwawe ! ». Babigize gatatu, se aza kumwiyicira : amukubise amaso acika intege zo kumwica, amugira uwe ; amwita IMMANA !
Limwe rero nyina wa GASANI aza kumusura. Umutwa wa SABIZEZE aza kubumviliza, ngo yumve ibyo GASANI avugana na nyina. Bombi baraganira bagusha kuli SABIZEZE ; nyina wa GASANI ati : « Mbese uriya mwana usa kuriya wamubyaye ute, ko numvise ngo Shyerezo yabanje kwanga ko ali uwe ? » GASANI rero aramutekerereza uko SABIZEZE yavuye mu mutima w’ikimasa abapfumu ba SHYEREZO bari baraguye kirera. Umutwa amaze kubyumva arasohoka, asanga SABIZEZE aho akinira n’abandi bana. Ati : « Mbega mwana wa databuja, ugira ngo ndacyatangajwe n’ukuntuuturusha byose ! Namenye ko wavuye mu mutima w’immana bari bejeje ! Ko utabyawe na SHYEREZO wabuzwa n’iki kuturusha muri byose ? »
SABIZEZE ngo abyumve, ati : « Aho murumva GASANI wagiye kumbyarura, akagira ngo si ndi uwa data ! Singishoboye kuba muri iki gihugu : isoni ntizatuma ngira aho nkwirwa !» Aragenda rero yenda umuheto we n’imbwa ze eshatu : Ruzunguzungu, na Rukende, na Ruguma. Yenda inyundo ze zilimo Nyarushara ; akora kuri murumuna we MUTUTSI, na mushiki wabo NYAMPUNDU. Ayobora impfizi yabo Rugira, n’insumba yayo Ingizi ; ajyana intama yabo Nyabuhoro, na rugeyo yayo Mudende ; yenda isake yabo Rubika n’inkokokazi yayo Mugambira. Umutwa wabo ataho, maze bashyira nzira.Bamanuka kw’ijuru baza mu gihugu cyo hasi, maze bururukira ku Rutare rw’Ikinani, ho mu Mubali. Hakaba igihugu cy’Abazigaba, umwami wabo ali KABEJA. Bageze ku rutare rw’Ikinani baracanira. Abagaragu ba KABEJA babonye umwotsi baratangara bati : « Mbese hariya hantu kohatabaga abantu, uriya mwotsi uturutse ku ki ? ». Abandi bati : «Ahari aho ni abahigi bahacanye cyangwase ni abagiye guca amakara ! » Bukeye basanga umwotsi utimutse ; bimara iminsi babona umwotsi wahamenyereye ! Bajya kubibwira KABEJA ko wenda haba harubatse abantu batali basanzwe bazwi. KABEJA yohereza abajya kureba abo alibo.
Intumwa zije ziti : «Muli aba he ? Mwaje kwenda iki aha ngaha ?» SABIZEZE ati : «Turava mw’ijuru ; nta bwo tugenzwa no kugira icyo tubatwara tuli abashyitsib’amahoro !» Intumwa zisubira kwa KABEJA : arabareka batura muli iryo shyamba. Babita Ibimanuka, kuko bari baravuye kw’ijuru. Umutware wabo ali we SABIZEZE bamwita KIGWA, kuko yaguye aturuka mw’ijuru.
Bukeye rero KIGWA abwira murumuna we MUTUTSI ati : «Mbese ko uruzi inyamaswa twazanye zanga zikagwira, ali uko zifite ingore, twe tuzamera dute ?Tugiye gupfa ducitse ? Enda turongore mushiki wacu NYAMPUNDU !» Mututsi aranga. KIGWA aramurongora babyarana umukobwa SUKIRANYA. Amaze gukura, KIGWA agira MUTUTSI inama ati : «Enda mugushyingire !» MUTUTSI ati : « Sinashaka umwana wanjye ! » KIGWA ati : « Ndakwereka uko tubizirura ! Genda uture hakulyayacu haliya,nibucyauzaze kumusaba ! Ninkubaza ubwoko bwawe, uzagire uti « ndi Umwega wa kulya !»Kuko uzaba utuye kuri uriya mwega wo hakurya yacu ! » MUTUTSI arabigira, bukeye arongora SUKIRANYA, babyarana MUKONO na NTANDAYERA na SERWEGA.
II. Ibaruwa ya mbere y’abagaragu bakuru b’ibwami Muri 1958,mu gihe Abahutu bari bahagurukiye gusaba ko uburenganzira bwabo nk’Abanyarwanda bwakubahirizwa, nabo bakareka gukomeza guhezwa ahubwo bakagira uruhare mu buyobozi bw’igihugu, bakareka gukomeza kugirwa abacakara mu gihugu cyabo, abagaragu bakuru b’i bwami bafashe uyu mugani w’Ibimanuka (Mythe des Ibimanuka) bawambika ibindi bitekerezo bishya, bawuhindura nk’ ukuri kw’amateka, bawuha agaciro ka politiki maze bawushingiraho ingengabitekerezo yo kwiharira ibyiza by’igihugu. Umwanzuro bageraho uratangaje, murawubona hepfo: Ngo Abahutu n’Abatutsi ntibava inda imwe, Abahutu ni abagaragu Abatutsi bakaba abatware, ngo ntabwo rero bagomba gusangira ibyiza by’igihugu! Uku kunangira umutima kw’abayobozi b’ingoma ya cyami nibyo byihutishije uguhirima kwayo kandi biha ireme Revolisiyo yo mu 1959.
Dore uko ibaruwa ya mbere yavugaga:
Mgr Alexis Kagame wabaye umwiru mukuru i Bwami, ni we dukesha aya mateka. Ingengabitekezo ivangura Abahutu n’Abatutsi ntiyatangijwe n’Abahutu, yaturutse i Bwami !!!
Nyanza, le 17/5/1958
Ku bajyanama bagiye kwiga iby’imibanire y’Abahutu n’Abatutsi n’Abatwa.
Dore tubasobanurire uko byahoze kera. Dore uko ingoma nyiginya yatangiye mu Rwanda :
Abanyiginya aho bururukiye ni Rwanda rwa Mubari ku rutare rw’i Kinani. Ubwo habanje KIGWA, na murumuna we MUTUTSI, na mushiki wabo NYAMPUNDU, bazana inka zabo 2 : Rugira n’Ingizi, n’intama zabo 2 : Mudende na Nyabuhoro, n’inkoko zabo 2 : Rubika na Mugambira, n’imbwa zabo 2 : Ruzunguzungu na Ruguma, n’inyoni zabo 2 z’inyange, n’inyundo yabo n’umuvuba.
Bamaze kugeraho bakurikirwa n’umutwa wabo MUHWABARO, araza MUHWABARO arababaza ati : ko mwansize ? Bati : twaje twihuta, si twebwe. Ati mbese ye, aho murareba ibiti by’ino ngo birasa n’iby’iwacu ? Ati aho se ntibyagira umuriro nk’iby’iwacu ? Baramubwira bati : gerageza. Umutwa aherako arema urushingo n’inshigati yarwo. Ashinga umuriro ubwo aracana.
Intwaro zabo bazanye ni imiheto y’ibihekane. Inyamaswa zije kureba aho bakazirasa. Batungwa rero n’umuheto wabo. KIGWA yerekera hirya yabo mu gacyamu, azana amabuye y’ubutare, arayabazanira ati : nimurore, hano hari inganzo nk’iy’iwacu ; baherako batera uruganda ubwo baracura.
Kwa KABEJA, umwami w’Abazigaba, babona umwotsi, kurora uwacanye umuriro aho [!], baje basanga amakome ali atatu. Uwambere wari uwa KIGWA, uwa kabili wali igicaniro cy’inka n’intama, uwa 3 wali uw’umutwa MUHWABARO. Aliko yari yawucanye hirya hategeranye nabo. Bazigaba [!] baje kubarora, bababonye barababaza bati : Muli iki ? Barasubiza, bati turi abantu b’umwami. Aha se mukahakora iki ? barasubiza bati : turacura kandi tukanahiga. Babonye impu zibambye bati ese ntimwaduha akanyama ? abandi bati nimuze tubahe ; baraza babaha imitwaro ibahagije bose. Bageze hirya za nyama bazihisha shebuja KABEJA ; bamaze kuzihisha bajya kwa shebuja wabo KABEJA, ababaza icyo babonye kuko ali we wali wabohereje. Bati twahabonye abantu bateye nk’abantu koko. Bati aliko ni barebare cyane, cyeretse umwe w’umugore wabo, bati aliko nawe yenda kureshya nabo. Bati aliko hirya yabo niho twabonye umuntu ucanye hirya yabo ukwe, wenda kureshya natwe. Bati kandi twabonye n’inyamaswa ziryamye ku maguru yabo (alizo mbwa).
Kabeja abwira abo bavuyeyo ko bazasubira kubabaza ko bashaka guhakwa, cyanga se ko bashaka gutura. Bagiye kujyayo noneho bajyana n’abandi Bantu bene wabo, bajyanywe no gusaba inyama ; bagezeyo bavuga ubutumwa, babasubiza ko biturira aho, yashaka akazabahaka ; kandi basaba inyama nanone, maze banga kuzibaha, barababwira bati : kugirango tubahe inyama keretse mutwubakiye, bati ibyo turabikora. Ubwo biruka bafite amabuye yo kudonda ibiti no kubivuna barabagarura bati : nimuze tubahe igitema neza kandi vuba ibiti, maze bagarutse babaha imihoro, maze bajyana nabo baberekera uko batema n’uko baza gusongora ibiti. Bamaze kuberekera baraza babubakira ubwo, maze abandi babaha inyama.
Ubwo basubiye kwa KABEJA banyurana n’abandi baje guhakwa, bahakirwa inyama.
Nabo bati : lero nimuze namwe tubanze tubereke ibyo mudukorera. Barabajyana babereka ubutare, bati lero aya mabuye nimuyadutorere mugire menshi ; barangije babaha inyama. Bamwe barataha, abandi bati twe ntaho tujya. Bati twe nimutwihakire. Bahamaho barahakwa.
Babandi bose batashye bageze kwa KABEJA, amaze kumenya ko hali abandi basigayeyo, abandi rero bali bamaze kugera iwabo, KABEJA arabaca. Ati : uwagiye iyo ngiyo ntangarukire ahanjye, ati ntabwo tubana.
Babandi bose barahomboka bajya kwa KIGWA arababaza ati : Muhinga mute ? Bati duhingisha inkondo z’ibiti bazimweretse ati : ibi byahingishwa bite ? Arazihinyura maze abaha amasuka n’imihoro yo gutema. Bamaze kubitora bazana imbuto maze abereka aho bamuhingira ; maze bamuhingira kane (4), ati cyo namwe nimugende mwihingire. Abasigaye kwa KABEJA baza guhakirwa amasuka n’inyama zihigishwa imiheto ; ubundi bo bajyaga gutega inyamaswa bakazibagisha amabuye, kuko batari bazi gutega [!]. Bene icyo gihugu cyose baza guhakwa kwa KIGWA.
Ko mwumva abantu baburana umunani, ababurana umunani ko alii abavandimwe, n’imibanire yacu ko ahubwo baje tukabahaka kugeza ubu, ubundi buvandimwe bwacu ni ubuhe ? Gatutsi na Gatwa bahuriye he na Gahutu ko twumva ko Gatutsi na Gatwa na Gahutu ari bene Kanyarwanda, nyirukubabyarana na Kanyarwanda yitwa nde, ni umuki ? Ko twumva ko KANYARWANDA ali we wabyaye Gatutsi na Gatwa na Gahutu, kandi tukaba tuzi ko KIGWA ari we wabanje kure ya KANYARWANDA, kandi tukaba tuzi neza ko KANYARWANDA yavutse nyuma, ayo moko aliho, byashoboka bite kugira ngo abyare ataravuka ?
Dore KANYARWANDA bavuga ko ali we KIMEZAMIRYANGO da. Ngo ko ali we utubyara twese :
1. Kanyarwanda ni uwa Gihanga
2. Gihanga ni uwa Kazi
3. Kazi ni uwa Muntu
4. Muntu ni uwa Merano
5. Merano ni uwa Randa
6. Randa ni uwa Kobo
7. Kobo ni uwa Gisa
8. Gisa ni uwa Kijuru
9. Kijuru ni uwa Kimanuka
10. Kimanuka ni uwa Kigwa wasanze abantu mu Rwanda.
11. Ngaho namwe muratwumvire iyo mivire n’indimwe yacu n’Abahutu yo kwa Kanyarwanda.
Ni twe abagaragu b’ibwami bakuru :
1)Kayijuka
2)Serukamba
3)Rukemampunzi
4)Mazina
5)Rwesa
6)Sebaganji
7)Ruzagiriza
8)Ndamage
9)Sezibera
10)Sekabwa
11)Nkeramiheto
12)-Shamukiga
Abami b’abahutu Ruganzu yishe :
1. Rubuga mwene Kagogo
2. Rubuga mwene Bugunama
3. Nyaruzi mwene Haramanga
4. Mpandahande mwene Haramanga
5. Sambwe mwene Cyarugimba
6. Katabirora mwe Kabibi
7. Gisurere mwene Rubambura
8. Nzira mwene Muramira
9. Nyagakecur aliwe Nyangoma
10. Mbeba aliwe Mabya
11. Ruhande – ?
12. Balishaka – ?
13. Semukondo (w’umukende) – ?
14. Sangara – ?
15. Ruvuzo – ?
16. Ngiga – ?
17. Cogo – ?
18. Ryangombe rya Babinga – aliko n’umutsindo
19. Nsibura na Nyina Nyiransibura.
Aba bami b’abahutu bishwe n’uyu mwami, ahindura [yigarurira] ibihugu byabo. Ibindi bihugu byahinduwe n’abandi bami bica abahinza bari babirimo. Ntitugombye kubavuga, nimushaka muzabirebe mu Nganji Kalinga, biranditse.
Nk’uko byatangijwe n’umukuru w’igihugu Paul Kagame afatanije n’umufasha we kuwa 30/06/2013 mu ihuriro ry’urubyiruko ryiswe Youth connekt, basanze inzira nziza ari uguhatira umuntu wese wo mu bwoko bw’Abahutu gusaba imbabazi ku byaha byakorewe abavandimwe babo b’Abatutsi. Handitswe byinshi mu gihe iri jambo ryiswe “ijambo rutwitsi” ryari rimaze kuvugwa. Cyakora, nunvaga ibyavuzwe n’ibyanditswe bihagije, cyane cyane ko nibwiraga ko ari ijambo ryamucitse (Perezida), nuko aribeshya kandi nta muntu bitabaho. Iyo biba ibyo, ntacyo byari kuba bitwaye cyane. Nyamara, siko biri ahubwo gahunda yo kugereka “Genocide” ku bahutu bose bigahamywa no kuzasaba imbazi kwabo ngo ni umushinga wizwe neza n’Abambari b’Agatsiko. Iki gikorwa kikaba kigomba gukurikizwa vuba na bwangu guhera mu tugali, imirenge, uturere n’intara zose z’igihugu.
None se kuki Leta y’Agatsiko ihisemo ko umuhutu wese asaba imbabazi ku cyaha cya Genocide?
Impamvu ni nyinshi ariko reka turebe zimwe murizo cyane cyane izishamikiye ku mahame n’amategeko bigenga icyaha cya ‘Genocide’:
Impamvu ya 1:
Ubusanzwe, icyaha cya «Genocide» ni icyaha gikorwa na Leta. Ibi ntibivuga gusa ko Leta iriho igomba kuba ibyemera kandi ibizi neza. Oya! Birashoboka ko byategurwa n’igice kimwe cy’abenegihugu kikiyemeza kurimbura ikindi gice cy’abenegihugu ariko Leta ntishobore gukumira uwo mugambi mubisha kubera impanvu zinyuranye. Imwe muri izo mpanvu ni uko Leta ishobora kuba iri mu bihe by’ amage n’imidugararo ku buryo ntacyo ishobora gukora ku kaga kose gashobora kugwirira abenegihugu. Aha Leta iba igaragara nk’aho itakiriho (Anarchism).
Ibi kandi nibyo byabaye mu Rwanda kuko Leta y’Agatsiko ntako itagize mugutekinika uko “Genocide yateguwe”: kubihamya Leta ya Habyarimana byarananiranye, kubigereka kuri Leta y’inzibacyuho nabyo byabaye nko gukama ikimasa. Ibi byose byararuhanyije kuko Leta ya FPR yigizaga nkana. Ukuri ni uko ubwicanyi bwo mu Rwanda bwabuze gikumirwa kuko FPR yari yarabuteguye neza, ibikora ibizi neza, yapanze ko nyuma y’urupfu rw’Umukuru w’igihugu Leta itazabasha kwisuganya mugukumira ibikorwa byose bizakurikiraho. FPR yari izi ko Abatutsi bazapfa ari benshi kubera ibihe by’imidugararo igihugu kizaba kirimo.
Ibi kandi nibyo abasirikare benshi ba FPR bahamya. Nyakwigendera Lt Abdul Ruzibiza ati: «Kagame yiyita umucunguzi w’abatutsi kandi ariwe watumye kubarimbura bishoboka, ndetse akanatubuza kubatabara twari tubishoboye ». Abandi bati twibarije Nyakubahwa Paul Kagame kubw’igikorwa kigayitse yateguraga asubiza ko « nta batutsi bakiba mu Rwanda, bose babaye abahutu ». Abasangirangendo be kandi bemeza ko ngo yivugiye ko « nta warya umureti atamennye amagi ». Ikindi FPR yari izi kandi yateguye neza ni iki : n’ubwo Abatutsi bari gupfa ari benshi ariko n’urupfu rw’Abahutu batagira ingano rwagombaga gukomerezaho. Aha nta gihamya idasanzwe dukeneye kuko uko byagenze byabara umupfu!
Impamvu ya 2:
Icyaha cya Genocide ni icyaha kidasaza. Kwikoreza iki cyaha Abahutu bose rero ni imwe mu nzira zo kujijisha no guhunga ubutabera. Kagame azi neza ko iki cyaha hatabonetse abakemera mu buryo budasubirwaho cyazamugarukaho n’abambari be maze bakaryozwa ibyo bakoreye abanyarwanda byose. Nanone kandi azi ko ushyizweho icyaha cya « Genocide » kizamukurikira kuva mu bwana bwe kugeza ashaje. Azi kandi ko abahutu bose nibemera icyo cyaha, bizaba bimuhaye indi ntwaro azakomeza gukoresha igihe cyose ashatse kwikiza bamwe muri bo azaba ahararutswe cyangwa ashaka kugirira nabi mu buryo ubwo aribwo bwose!
Impamvu ya 3:
Kwikoreza icyaha cya «Genocide» Abahutu bose ni imwe mu nzira zo kubatera ipfunwe no kubakumira (Marginalisation) mu gihugu cy’amavuko. Bityo umwana w’umuhutu narerwa apakirwamo ko afite icyaha cy’inkomoko, cyangwa akwiye kwikorera ibyaha byose by’Abahutu ntazigera agenda yemye (azahorana complexe d’infériorité) kandi ntazigera agira imbaraga zo kubaza impanvu uburenganzira bwe buri guhonyorwa n’abakaburengeye! Azunva buri gihe ko ibyo akorerwa ari impuhwe, nta burenganzira bimukwiye. Ushaka kubyumva neza azongera atege amatwi inkuru y’Umusore Bamporiki.
Impamvu ya 4:
Umugambi nk’uyu w’iteshagaciro ukorewe bamwe cyangwa bose mubagize ubwoko, ushobora kuganisha akenshi ku irimburwa ndakumirwa rishobora gukorerwa igice cyangwa bose mubagize ubwo bwoko. Ni ukuvuga ko kwigisha no kunvisha ko Abahutu bose ari ruvumwa, ibyihebe, bavukana icyaha cy’inkomoko, badakwiye kubaho muburenganzira busesuye nk’ubw’abandi beneguhugu; bishobora kubaviramo kurimburwa cyangwa kwicwamo benshi. Iri rimbura bwoko rero niryo abahanga bagenekereza bakita « Genocide » kuko riba ryizwe neza kandi rigashyigikirwa na Leta. Ibi kandi birunvikana kuko aho Agatsiko gahatira Abahutu gusaba imbabazi, kurundi ruhande kaba gatungira agatoki Abavandimwe babo b’Abatutsi ngo «dore ababarimburiye imiryango nta n’umwe uvuyemo». Ikizakurikira ibi mugitege amaso !
Impamvu ya 5:
Kugereka‘Genocide’ ku Bahutu bose ni igikorwa cy’iterabwoba. Iyi ni intwaro ikomeye Agatsiko gashaka gukoresha mugucekekesha Abahutu bose. Kagame yemeza ko n’uwakwanga icyo cyaha agashaka kubaza impamvu uburenganzira bwe buri guhonyorwa atazigera amenya ikimukubise. Birababaje!
Impamvu ya 6:
Iyi kandi n’intwaro ivuguruye mu gutoteza no guhindura ruvumwa umuhutu wese. Duhereye 1994, FPR yazanye gahunda yo gufunga umuhutu wese itarobanuye kandi ibikora ntabutabera igamije. Ihame ry’uko umuntu wese afatwa nk’umwere rihinduka ko umuhutu wese aba ari umu «Genocidaire». Ibyo byarangiye, Abahutu bose bategetswe gusaba imbabazi, utabikoze akazagwa muri gereza. Dore uko byagenze: abakoze ibyaha bararekuwe, abere baguma mu buroko ! Ndahamya ko n’uyu munsi hari abakiborera muri za gereza hirya no hino bazira ko banze kwemera icyaha cy’inkomoko! Ntibyarangiriye aho kuko hahise haduka indi ntwaro yaje ifite ubukana burenzeho abatekinisiye bise «Gacaca». Ubwo kandi nibwo icyaha kitabaho mu mateka n’amategeko cyadukaga: « Ingengabitekerezo ya Genocide ». Ibyo ntibyarangiriye aho, ahubwo TIG n’Urugerero rurageretse. Twizere ko « Saba imbabazi niwanga wicwe ! » ariryo turufu rya nyuma. Umunyarwanda we ati nyamara « wirukankana umugabo cyane iherezo ukamumara ubwoba ».
Impamvu ya 7:
Gutwerera iki cyaha Abahutu bose bakagisabira imbabazi ni uburyo bwo guhishira amateka. Amateka nyakuri y’u Rwanda ateye inkeke Agatsiko Sajya kubera ibyo kakoreye abanyarwanda. Kuvuga ukuri ntibabishobora n’ubwo byabavura! Kubeshya nibyo bashoboye. Ariko se kugeza ryari? Kugeza ubu ikinyoma cy’ Agatsiko cyemeza ko mu Rwanda habaye «Genocide yakorewe Abatutsi » hakajyaho akadomo. Ibyo kandi niko biri ariko hariho akitso, kuko “Genocide” yahekuye u Rwanda ntiyarimbuye Abatusti ngo isige Abahutu ndetse n’Abatwa. Aho rero niho ihurizo ribuza u Rwanda n’Abanyarwanda kwibohora inzigo n’inzangano rizingiye. Ibi sinabitindaho kuko n’ubwo umuco w’ikinyoma wahawe intebe, kujijisha amahanga bikagirwa iturufu ry’ubutegetsi, ariko ngo «amaherezo y’inzira ni mu nzu».
Impamvu ya 8:
Izi ngirwa-mbabazi kandi ni ryaturufu ryataye agaciro mu ruzungu bita « Diviser pour régner ». Agatsiko karitegereje gasanga ubwo Abatutsi n’Abahutu bazaba bamenye neza ukuri kubyaye mu Rwanda bazarara bagakubise hasi. None dore bamwe baguye muri uwo mutego ngo aha Agatsiko ni abacunguzi ! Hari n’abandi bemeza ko ukuri bakavugishije ariko bazahakishwa; bene abo nibo baheze mugihirahiro aka ya mpyisi bahaye ibuye rishyushye igirango ni inyama, ikabura ubucira n’ubumira! Cyakora hariho abandi benshi cyane ubu bicecekeye kubera kwanga kurigiswa, dore ko byabaye umuco. Nyamara hari n’abandi biyemeje kujya ahagaragara bagaharanira ukuri kabone n’iyo byaba ngombwa ko bakuzira. Kuko ngo kuratinda ntiguhera. Ukuri ntikujya gupfukiranwa ! Guca muziko ntigushya ! Wica ukuvuga hakavuka babiri. Iherezo rero ukuri kuzaganza kandi Abanyarwanda bose bakugire intwaro irwanya ikinyoma Agatsiko kicaje ku ntebe. Umunsi ibyo byabaye kandi si kera, amagambo azaba ashize ivuga, Agatsiko bazagatsinsura kandi ntikazongera kuvugwa ukundi, uretse kuvumwa ubuziraherezo !
Impamvu 9:Guhunga imbabazi nyakuri.
Ntarujijo rurimo, iyi gahunda yo guhatira Abahutu bose gusaba imbabazi ntigamije imbabazi nyakuri. Iyo haza kuba hashyizwe imbere imbabazi nyakuri iyi gahunda ntiyari kugirwa gahunda y’ubwoko bumwe gusa ahubwo yari kuba gahunda y’Abanyarwanda bose. Umwana umwe yabwiye Kagame muri ririya huriro ko nawe agiye gusaba imbabazi Abahutu ariko igisubizo yahawe kirababaje. Ahari mwakongera mukiyunvira.( http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pI2GhnIHbKs ). Gusaba imbabazi nyakuri rero ntawabirwanya, ariko bigakorwa n’uwakoze icyaha kandi akazisaba uwagikorewe.
Nyamara, twabonye ko “Genocide” ari icyaha cya Leta kandi tuzi ko Leta ikomeza igihe cyose (Principe de continuité de l’Etat). Umukuru w’igihugu rero ushaka kubaka no kunga abanyarwanda akwiye gufata iyambere agasaba imbabazi z’ibyaha ndenga kamere Leta iba yakoreye abenegihugu bose. Ikindi mu muco w’Abanyarwanda bemeza ko umwera uturutse i Bukuru bucya wakwiriye hose. Umukuru wigihugu afashe iyambere agasaba imbabazi abanyarwanda bose mw’izina rya Leta, yaba atanze urugero rwiza kubanyarwanda bose. Ibisigaye byakwikora. Ibi Umukuru w’igihugu yakwiye kubikora atitaye ko ibyaha asabira imbabazi yaba yarabigizemo uruhare , ahubwo akabikora kuko ariwe uhagarariye Leta nyuma y’amarorerwa yahekuye Abanyarwanda twese.
Umwanzuro
Izi mbabazi rero, Agatsiko kibutse guhatira Abahutu gusaba Abatutsi nyuma y’imyaka 20 bakorewe Genocide, si impuhwe keretse niba ari zimwe za Bihehe. Agatsiko kagamije kurangaza Abanyarwanda twese. Kagamije kwereka Abatutsi ko kabitayeho cyaneee, bityo ntihazagire ubaza uwakomye imbarutso ya Genocide yabahekuye. Agatsiko Kagamije kandi gutera ubwoba Abahutu bose ngo hatazagira ubaza aho imirambo y’abatikirijwe i Kibeho n’ahandi henshi iba ngo bayishyingure mucyubahiro gikwiye ikiremwamuntu. Agatsiko kagamije ko Ababyeyi batazigera bibaza icyo abana babo baziraga kandi bakomeje kuzira mu mashyamba ya Kongo. Ibi ariko ni ukwibeshya. Umuntu wese akwiye kwibaza impamvu y’iri terabwoba ridashira.
Kuwa 30 Kamena uyu mwaka I Kigali hahuriye urubyiruko rukabakaba cyangwa rurenga 1000 ku butumire bwa Imbuto Foundation, umuryango ukuriwe na Madame Perezida Jeannette Kagame. Mu ijambo ritangiza ibiganiro byaranze uwo munsi Madame aratwicikra akajisho uko u Rwanda ruhagaze muri iki gihe ndetse n’uburyo bukwiye bwo gukemura ibibazo mu rwego rwo kubaka ejo hazaza. Reka turebere hamwe ibikubiye muri iri jambo turishime cyangwa turinenge ntawe uhutajwe,turyuzuze cyangwa turicenshure, niyo demokarasi duharanira. 1. Urubyiruko rufite inyota yo kumenya amateka.
Mu ntangiriro y’iri jambo madame yadusubiriyemo ibyo duhora tuvuga. Amateka ni ikintu cya ngombwa cyane , atwigisha ubuzima bw’abatubanjirije, ibibazo bahuye nabyo n’uburyo babikemuye, ibyiza babayemo n’uburyo babigezeho, amakosa bakoze dukwiye kugendera kure, ibi bikadufasha gushushanya isura y’igihugu cyiza kizira umwiryane. Madame abishimangira agira ati : “twemera ko urubyiruko rw’u Rwanda rugomba gusobanukirwa neza amateka y’igihugu cyacu, yaba ameza ndetse n’amabi twanyuzemo”. Nta kuri kuruta uku.
2. Wenda (Igihugu) kizongera gutabarwa n’abato
Madame ntahakana ko U Rwanda rufite ibibazo ahubwo uretse ko we abigereranya n’ibyariho mu gihe FPR yateraga muri 1990. Aragira ati “Ababohoje u Rwanda bangana namwe ndetse hari bamwe bari batoya”. Nuko ati “namwe nimutabare igihugu cyanyu”. Ibi bisobanuye ko bya bindi opposition ivuga isaba abantu guhaguruka (ndlr: bagakora revolution) ariko na Madame abibona. Abo batandukanira ni uko opposition yo ivuga iti bizagerwaho naho Madame we abivuga ameze nk’udafitiye uru rubyiruko icyizere: “Wenda kizongera gutabarwa n’abato” kuko kigeze ku muteremuko. 3. Urubyiruko ntirugomba kwikorezwa ibyo rutagizemo uruhare
Aha nahageze mpita nongeraho nti mbese Opposition tutibagiwe na FDLR bakaganira na FPR bakavuga uko bakomeretse. Mbega ukuntu byaba byiza we!? Yongeye no kwibutsa ko niba hari abakibeshya ko bavukanye imbuto nk’uko byakunze kuvugwa ku Bami b’u Rwanda ko cyari ikinyoma cyambaye ubusa. Ati niba hari abibwira ko bazivukanye (imbuto) nibasigeho. Nkunda umuntu ntacyo ampaye!
Ikindi yagize ati: “… tuzi twese ko icyaha ari gatozi ndetse n’abemera Imana bavuga ko “Buri vi rizipfukamira”. Yongeraho ko bityo urubyiruko rudakwiye guterwa ipfunwe n’ibyo ababyeyi baba barakoze.
Byaje gupfira he?
Uyu mubyeyi rero akimara gutangiza iri huriro ngo Abahanga mu by’amateka nibo baganirije urubyiruko. Amateka bavuze yo ni agahomamunwa. Icya mbere cyantangaje rero ni ukuntu ari urubyiruko ari abarugezagaho ayo mateka bose barabeshyanye karahava. Mwese muzi ijambo Perezida Kagame yavuze mu minsi yashize yibutsa ko yohereje Abasirikare muri Congo bakarasa abagomba kuraswa ! Ariko abagabo babiri nako aba jenerali James Kabarebe yunganiwe na Rwarakabije barihanukiriye bati reka nta Munyarwanda ingabo zacu zigeze zica. Rwarakabije nawe ararahira ati: ni ukuri ( kwa Shitani) rwose nanjye nabihagazeho. Abo bombi barangije rero ikindi cyansekeje ni uko hari umwana w’umukobwa warokotse amasasu y’izo ngabo nawe waje ahita rwose ashyira mu ngiro ibyo bamwigishije (byo kubeshya) ati rwose umusirikare yaraje amfata akaboko anyereka inzira igana iwacu! Hahahahaha. Utazi Inkotanyi yageze muri Congo uko yasaga azambaze! Ninde wari kunyomoza uyu mukobwa? Ni Rwarakabije se cyangwa ni Kabarebe? Cyakora uwo mwana yagororewe kuzoroherezwa kwinjira mu gisirikare nyuma y’imyaka itatu yose bamutera utwatsi, bigaragara ko aricyo yari agamije dore ko ubushomeri mu rubyiruko cyane cyane urw’Abahutu buvuza ubuhuha.
Abandi baje kwinjira muri uwo munsi bakavangira Madame Jeannette, ni Rucagu Boniface ndetse n’undi musore usanzwe azwi cyane mu kazi ko gucukura imisarani maze bo bamagana ibyo Madame yari yavuze ko icyaha ari gatozi. Ni uko basaba imbabazi z’ibyaha ngo benewabo b’Abahutu bakoze. Ibi rero Perezida Kagame we yahise abigira itegeko ngo Abahutu bose bagombe basabe imbabazi z’ibyaha benewabo bakoze. Madame Jeannete yagize ubwoba bwo kumwambura micro ngo amwibutse ko icyaha ari gatozi!Ifoto dukesha urubuga https://www.facebook.com/urubuga.rwizanews
Perezida Kagame kandi yongeye kuvuga ku kibazo cyo gutesha abantu agaciro cyabaye mu mwaka wa 1973 aho ngo bakorakoraga izuru rya mushiki we ngo bumve uko izuru ry’umututsi rimera. Niba ibi byarabayeho birababaje. Icyo twakwibaza ni iki: Ese turimo kubikumira dute? Ese bitandukaniye he no guhamagara abana b’Abahutu ukababwira ngo nibasabe imbabazi z’ibyaha na Se cyangwa abavandimwe babo bakoze? Ese bitandukaniye he no kwemeza umwana ko ya masasu wamurasaga Bukavu, Masisi, Lubutu, Kisangani, Mbandaka ,…burya batashakaga kumwica kandi ababyeyi be bo yarabahitanye? Nyamara ntibizoroha.
Biragaragara ko u Rwanda rufite ibibazo bikomeye. Urubyiruko bararubeshya narwo rukababeshya kakahava. Nyamara buriya iyo ririya jambo rya Jeannete Kagame rikurikirwa tugasigara dushaka uko ryajya mu bikorwa yari kuba ari intambwe ikomeye. Icy’ingenzi ni ukugira Ubutwari bwo kuvuga Ukuri noneho tugaha igihugu umurongo uzaturinda umwiryane. Ukurikiye neza ijambo rya Jeannette n’irya Kagame uhita ubona ko batavuga rumwe ku bintu bimwe bikomeye.


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Abahanga bemeza ko ibiryo turya, aho tuba cg ibyo dushyira mu mubiri wacu ari bimwe mubisobanura niba tuzabaho igihe kirekire cyangwa gito. Nyamara nkuko bikunze kugaragara abimukira benshi bakunze kugwa mu mutego wo kurya ibiryo bidafite intungabuzima zikwiriye bitewe no kutamenya gusoma amoko y’ibigize izo ndyo. Ibyo bikaba byabagiraho ingaruka runaka.
Muri Africa, abantu benshi bagurira ibyo kurya mu masoko rusange. Abacuruza ibiryo usanga nabo babiguze n’abahinzi bityo bikaba ari umwimerere. Kuba muri Africa abantu benshi batabona ibiryo bibahagije, bituma bumva ko ibiryo bikwiriye ari ibirimo intungamubiri nyinshi ndetse n’ibitera imbaraga byinshi. Kubyibuha si ikibazo gihangayikishije Africa. Abantu banywa amata iyo babashije kuyabona kuko ahenda, mu gihe hano muri Amerika amata ari ikiribwa cya buri munsi yaba ku bana mu mashuri aho bayanywa ari yonyine cyangwa arimo shokola.
Ibinyobwa birimo isukari nabyo birahenda muri Africa, bityo abantu ntibabinywa cyane. Mu bice bimwe bya Africa nta mazi meza ahagije babona cyeretse abifashije. Ibi bituma abantu babanza guteka amazi mbere yo kuyanywa cyangwa se bakayanywa yanduye.
Indyo ikunze guhindukana abimukira iyo bageze muri Amerika. Ibiryo wari umenyereye bishobora kutaboneka, ahubwo hakituramo ibinyobwa biryohereye, ibiryo bikaranze byumukije, inyama ndetse n’ibyiganjemo ibitera ingufu. Abimukira bakunze guhita babisingira batabanje kwibaza ingaruka bifite ku buzima. Ibirango bisobanura imiterere y’ibiryo ntibimenyerewe muri Africa. Yemwe n’abimukira benshi bavuye muri Africa baza ino ntibazi kubisoma ngo babyumve. Abenshi usanga ntacyo ibyo birango bibabwiye. Usanga ibyinshi muri ibi birango ku mashashi y’ibiryo byanditse mu cyongereza kandi abenshi mu bimukira bakigera hano ntibazi kubisoma.
Nk’uko abanyamerika bashaka kugira ubuzima bwiza barya ibyiza, abanyafurika twaganiriye bavuze ko bifuza amahugurwa ku gusoma ibirango by’imiterere y’ibiryo ndetse nuko bajya bahitiramo ibiryo imiryango yabo.
Bifuza ko bakwiga bakamenya uburyo ibiryo bigaburwa, ingano yibiribwa ku munsi ndetse n’umunyu birimo, ibitera imbaraga birimo Bifuza kandi kumenya amoko y’ibigize ibiryo bityo bakabasha kumenya ibyo bagura nibyo batagura ku isoko. Abenshi rwose usanga bashobewe iyo bageze mu maguriro manini.
Abimukira kuva muri Africa bavuga ko hakenewe kwigishwa kuri iyi ngingo bityo hagatezwa imbere imirire myiza ndetse no kwigishwa gusobanuza uko wakwitwara mu mirire.
Abimukira kandi bajya inama ko abatanga serivisi z’ubuzima bajya bagira amahugurwa kubabagana arebana nuko bajya babasha kumenya uko bagura ibiryo bizima. Abaganga bakwiye kwigisha ababagana uko bajya bagera hano bagatangira kurya mu buryo bukwiriye.
Inama y’ibanze: Nywa amazi aho kunywa Soda. Gabanya imitobe, irinde ibitetse bufiriti, gabanya ibiryo ntekerwaruganda nk’ifiriti ndetse n’amandazi, gabanya inyama zitukura, rya imbuto eshanu n’imboga ku munsi, menya ingano ya alukolo ufata maze ukore imyitozo ngororamubiri buri munsi.


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INCAMAKE NGIRAKAMARO Y’AMATEKA Y’INTUMWA MUHAMADI (IMANA IMUHE AMAHORO N’IMIGISHA)
kwandika :
The Publisher:
umwirondoro uhinye
INCAMAKE NGIRAKAMARO Y’AMATEKA Y’INTUMWA MUHAMADI (IMANA IMUHE AMAHORO N’IMIGISHA): IGITABO GISOBANUYE MU RURIMI RW’IKINYARWANDA, CYANDITSWE NA DR. HAYITHAMI SARIHAN, KIGIZWE N’AMAGAMBO MAKEYA, ARIKO KUTAGITUNGA NTIBIKWIYE K’UMUNTU WESE UFITE UMURAVA N’UBWO WABA MUKE WO KUMENYA INTUMWA YACU N’AMATEKA YAYO N’UMUYOBORO WAYO N’IMICO Y’INGENZI YAMURANGAGA NDETSE N’IMITERERE YE, NO KUMENYA UMURYANGO WAYO N’ABAGORE BAYO. UMWANDITSI WACYO AKABA YARAGITEGUYE NEZA MU BURYO BW’IMBONERAHAMWE N’IBICE BITANDUKANYE, MAZE NYUMA YA BURI GICE AGASHYIRAHO IBIBAZO N’IKIZAMINI, ARIKO IBYO BYOSE MU BURYO BUHINNYE BUDATAKAZA IBIKENEWE, KANDI BUTARONDOGORA BIRAMBIRANA.
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amatsinda:


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Mu mahanga
Abakuru B’Ibihugu Bazajya Gusezera Kuri Elisabeth II ‘Ntibemerewe’ Kujyana Indege Zabo
Politico yanditse ko nta muyobozi wo ku isi wemerewe kuzajyana indege ye mu Bwongereza ubwo bazaba bagiye gusezera bwa nyuma k’umwamikazi Elisabeth II uherutse gutanga.
Abakuru b’ibihugu byose byo ku isi batumiwe ariko ngo ikibazo ni uko buri wese aramutse ajyanye indege ye, batabona aho ziparika!
Basabwe kuzatega indege zisanzwe, hanyuma bagera yo bakajya muri bisi yateguwe izabageza aho igikorwa kizabera Taliki 19, Nzeri, 2022.
Igikorwa cyo gusezera bwa nyuma k’umwamikazi Elisabeth II kizaba ari cyo gikorwa u Bwongereza bwakiriye kandi gikomeye kurusha ibindi byatambutse mu myaka myinshi ishize.
Kizabera muri Cathédrale ya Westminster Abbey.
Nyuma y’uko bitangajwe ko ari kuriya bizagenda, hari umwe muri ba Ambasaderi wanditse kuri WhatsApp ati: “ Tekereza Biden muri Bisi!”
Ibiro bishinzwe ububanyi n’amahanga muri Commonwealth nibyo byatangaje ko kiriya gikorwa kigomba gukorwa kuriya hirindwa umubyigano no kudashobora gucungira abayobozi umutekano mu buryo bworoshye.
Ibyo biro babyita Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO).
Ikindi ni uko nta muntu wundi muntu utari umufasha w’Umukuru w’igihugu wemerewe kuzamuherekeza babarinda bazasigara.
Politico ivuga ko urwandiko rumenyesha Abakuru b’ibihugu iby’iriya myanzuro rwoherejwe mu bihugu byabo ku wa Gatandatu mu masaha y’umugoroba.
Ikindi ni uko ngo Umukuru w’igihugu utazashobora kwitabira uriya muhango afite uburenganzira bwo kureba uwo yohereza mu bandi bayobozi bakuru mu gihugu cye.
Umwami Charles III atakira ku meza abashyitsi bazaba bitabiriye uriya muhango.
Aba bashyitsi kandi bazashyira indabo ku isanduku irimo umugogo w’umwamikazi Elisabeth II kandi bandike mu gitabo cy’abashyitsi ubutumwa bwo kwihanganisha u Bwongereza, Commonwealth n’isi muri rusange.
Buri muyobozi kandi azaba afite iminota itatu yo gutanga ubutumwa mu magambo, ubwo butumwa bukazafatwa n’ibyuma by’abanyamakuru.
Umutekano w’abo bakuru b’ibihugu uzacungwa n’abantu u Bwongereza buzaba bwateguye.
Ambasaderi wungirije w’u Bwongereza mu Rwanda witwa Adam Drury yabwiye Taarifa ko ubutumire bwahawe Abakuru b’ibihugu bisanzwe bifitanye umubano n’ u Bwongereza kandi ko buri wese yemerewe kuzazana n’umuntu umwe.
Ibyerekeye uko bazagera aho igikorwa kizabera n’uburyo ibindi bizakorwa, yirinze kugira icyo abidutangariza ho kubera ko ngo n’ababitangaje( Politico) bavuga ko ari amakuru babonye mu buryo butari bwateganyijwe, ibyo bita ‘leaked document.’


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AMASOMO:
Dt 4, 1-2.6-8;
Ps 14;
Jc 1, 17-18.21b-22.27;
Mc7, 1-8.14-15.21-23.
Kimwe mu bintu Muntu atandukaniyeho n’ibindi biremwa byose, harimo Kuvuga. Muntu aravuga. Muntu avugana na mugenzi we. Ijambo rifite umwanya ukomeye mu mibereho n’imibanire y’abantu. Nyamara n’ubwo Muntu avuga, burya Imana ni yo yabanje kuvuga. Ijuru n’isi, ibiboneka n’ibitaboneka, byose Imana yabiremesheje Ijambo ryayo. Mutagatifu Yakobo intumwa yagize ati “Ni ku bwende bwe bwite yatwibyariye akoresheje Ijambo rye ry’amanyakuri , kugirango tube Imena mu biremwa bye”. Uwo yavugaga ni Umubyeyi, ni Imana
. Imana izi kuvuga. Imana yaravuze. Imana n’uyu munsi iracyavuga. Amasomo matagatifu tuzirikana kwa kino cyumweru, araturarikira kuzirikana ku buryo twakira “Ijambo ry’Imana” mu buzima bwacu bwa buri munsi.
Ijambo ry’Imana Musa yagejeje ku mbaga y’Abayisiraheri ryari rikubiye mu Mategeko y’Imana. Ngo Musa abwira imbaga y’abayisiraheri ati “Israheri, umva amategeko n’imigenzo mbigisha ubwanjye gukurikiza, maze muzabone kubaho no kwinjira mu gihugu Uhoraho Imana y’abasokuruza banyu abahaye ngo mukigarurire”.
Ikibazo umuntu ahita yibaza ni iki: “Ni iki cyari gikubiye muri ariya mtegeko?”
Kino kibazo mutagatifu Yakobo intumwa yagisubije ubwo yagiraga ati “Iyobokamana risukuye kandi ritagira amakemwa mu maso y’Imana Data ni iri ngiri : ni ugusura impfubyi n’abapfakazi mu magorwa yabo”.
Bakiristu bavandimwe, impfubyi ni wa muntu utakigira ababyeyi
. Mbese wa muntu utagira umurengera. Hano ijambo impfubyi rirashushanya ba bantu bose duturanye nabo, bamwe tujya tunyuraho ku nzira batagira kirengera. N’aho umupfakazi, ni wa muntu wabuze uwo bashakanye. Ni wa muntu mbese wabuze urukundo. Hano ijambo umupfakazi rirashushanya wa muntu tureba, tukabona nta buranga nta n’igihagararo byamutera igikundiro, tugahitamo kumunena, nyamara tumuziza uko atiremye. Ese abo bose ntabo tujya tubona tukabirengagiza?
Kwirengagiza izo mpfubyi n’abapfakazi maze kuvuga nyamara turi abakiristu, twirirwa muri za Kiliziya ku cyumweru, ni ukugenza nk’Abafarizayi na bamwe mu bigishamategeko, bamwe twumvise babaza Yezu impavu abigishwa ba Yezu barya batabanje gukaraba intoki. Abafarizayi n’abigishamategeko ni babandi bakurikizaga amategeko inyuma gusa, nyamara imbere huzuye ubusambanyi, ubujura, ubwicanyi, ubuhabara, umurururmba, ubugome, uburyarya, ingeso mbi, ishyari, gutukana, ubwirasi n’amafuti
.
Bakiristu bavandimwe, buri wese uri hano niyisuzume. Ese ziriya ngeso zose Yezu amaze kurondora nta nimwe naba mfitemo? Buri wese yisuzumye nta buryarya yasanga nawe ari umufarizayi. Yasanga nawe ari ukuvuga amategeko y’Imana ku karimi gusa, nyamara mu bikorwa ari zero. Tuze gusaba Yezu aduhe ingabire yo guhinduka. Mutagatifu Yakobo intumwa yagize ati “Tube abantu bagaragaza mu bikorwa Ijambo ry’Imana, kuko kwishimira kuryumva byonyine ari ukwibeshya”.
Mu gusoza ikibazo cya nyuma umuntu yakwibaza ni iki : Kuki tugomba gukurikiza amategeko y’Imana?. Ese kuyakurikiza bimaze iki?
Kino kibazo Musa yagisubije ubwo yabwiraga imbaga ati “Israheli umva amategeko n’imigenzo mbigisha ubwanjye gukurikiza maze muzabone kubaho no kwinjira mu gihugu Uhoraho Imana y’Abasokuruza banyu abahaye ngo mukigarurire”.
Bakiristu bavandimwe, kimwe n’iriya mbaga y’Abayisiraheli yari mu rugendo, natwe kuri ino si dutuyeho, turi mu rugendo tugana iwacu h’ukuri, turi mu rugendo tugana mu ngoma y’Ijuru
first line treatment for the majority of patients because ofclear but may be meaningful in certain men. The buy cialis.
. Gukurikiza amategeko y’Imana mu mvugo no mu ngiro, ni byo natwe bizaduha kwigarurira ingoma y’ijuru. Musanzwe mubizi, burya n’umuhanda usanzwe tuzi, ugira amategeko yawo. Mu muhanda ibinyabiziga bigira inzira yabyo, n’abanyamaguru inzira yabo. Ntabwo ushobora kuva I Kamembe ngo ugere ku Rusizi unyura mu mukono utari uwawe ngo ugereyo amahoro. Natwe niba dushaka kuzagera mu ngoma y’Imana amahoro, nidushyire mu bikorwa amategeko y’Imana. Nitwite kubatishoboye, ku batagira kirengera. Nitwirinde kuba abafarizayi, babandi bavuga nyamara ntibakore. Ibingibi kubivuga biroroshye nyamara kubikora ni ikindi. Ku mbaraga zacu gusa ntitwabyishoboza. Nituza guhabwa Yezu mu kimenyetso cy’umugati, tuze kumusaba aduhe imbaraga zo guhinduka maze tuzabane nawe mu ngoma y’ijuru ubu n’iteka ryose. Amen
Padiri Fidèle NSHIMIYIMANA
Paruwasi Nkanka


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Mu gihe bamwe mu baturiye umuhanda wa Kamuhanda,mu Murenge wa Runda ugakomeza no mu yindi mirenge irimo n’Umurenge wa Ngamba ukikije umugezi wa Nyabarongo, bifuza ko wakorwa ugashyirwamo n’amateme, kuko wamaze kwangirika bigatuma n’abakora ibikorwa by’ubuhinzi babura aho banyuza umusaruro wabo bawujyana ku isoko, ubuyobozi bw’Akarere ka Kamonyi, buravuga ko nubwo kuwukora bigoye hari gahunda yo kugenda ukorwa uko ubushobozi bubonetse.
Abaturiye umuhanda wa Kamuhanda werekeza mu mirenge ya Ngamba na Rukoma mu Karere ka Kamonyi baravuga ko kuba uyu muhanda warangiritse, ukaba utakiri nyabagendwa, byagize ingaruka kubawukoresha zirimo no kuba batabasha kugeza umusaruro ku isoko, aho bifuza ko ubuyobozi bwabafasha ukongera ukaba nyabagendwa.
Bati“kuba tudafite umuhanda ukoze mwiza bituviramo impanuka zirimo no kutabasha kugenderana, nk’igihe twejeje imyaka, kubona uko tuyigeza ku isoko biratugora, kubona imodoka ziwutwara nabyo biragoye, kubera ko inzira ari mbi ntabwo rero kugera aho imyaka iba iri biba byoronshye”.
Ku ruhande rw’ubuyobozi, Tuyizere Thadée umuyobozi w’agateganyo w’Akarere ka Kamonyi, avuga ko nubwo gukora uyu muhanda bigoye, gusa hari gahunda yo kuwukora buhoro buhoro uko ubushobozi buzajya bugenda buboneka, bitewe nuko ubuhari kugeza ubu bukiri buke.
Uyu muhanda w’igitaka wa Kamuhanda mu Murenge wa Runda mu Karere ka Kamonyi, ukaba ari umuhanda ufite ibirometero birenga 20, aho uca mu Mirenge ya Runda, Ngamba Rukoma hamwe n’Umurenge wa Gacurabwenge, ukagaruka kuri kaburimbo iva mu Mujyi wa Kigali yerekeza mu Amajyepfo no mu Iburengerazuba uciye mu Karere ka Muhanga, ku uburyo ikorwa ryawo ryakoroshya imihahiranire y’abatuye iyi mirenge n’ahandi harimo n’Umujyi wa Kigali.
Eric Habimana


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Ubushakashatsi bugaragaza ko muri Afurika nibura 80% by’imirimo ibonwa biturutse ku kwihangira imirimo mu gihe 20% yonyine ari ko kazi gatangwa na Leta.
Ni mu kiganiro cyatanzwe na bamwe mu bize muri iri shuri ndetse na ba rwiyemezamirimo batandukanye mu rwego rwo kwifatanya mu kwizihiza icyumweru mpuzamahanga cyahariwe guhanga imirimo mu Rwanda ‘Global Entrepreneurship Week’.
Umuyobozi Mukuru wungirije wa Davis College and Akilah, Lorna Ong’esa, yasabye abanyeshuri kurushaho gukangura ibitekerezo byabo no kureba icyazana impinduka ku buzima bwabo n’igihugu muri rusange.
Umwe mu banyeshuri basoje amasomo muri Davis College mu 2021, Uwanyirigira Emelyne, yatangije umushinga w’ubucuruzi yise Ka Meat Ltd; yahumurije bagenzi be ko nubwo waba uturuka mu muryango utishoboye ushobora guhindura amateka.
Yatangiriye ku 20.000 Frw acuruza inyanya ku muhanda kandi ntiyaterwa ipfunwe na byo.
Yasobanuye ko Covid-19 yabaye imbarutso yo kubona amafaranga kuko mu gihe abandi bari bari mu nzu yatangiye gutekereza neza uko yabyaza umusaruro icyo gihe, byatumye atangira gucuruza inyanya ze muri Nyabugogo mu ijoro.
Ati “Nubwo abandi bari mu marira ariko njyewe nari meze neza. Icyo bivuze ni uko mu gihe hari ikibazo ushobora gushakamo ibisubizo aho abandi batatekerezaga kandi nawe ugakoresha igihe cyawe neza.”
Niyomuremyi Pascal, yashinze umushinga wa Rwanda Twins Family ufasha abana bavutse ari impanga, ndetse akaba ari umuyobozi mukuru w’ikigo cya Poto Ltd.
Yatangiriye urugendo rwe mu ishuri ry’inshuke no mu mashuri abanza, asaba abanyeshuri gukoresha amahirwe y’ibyo bize no mu gushaka igisubizo cyo mu buzima busanzwe.
Ati “Buri kintu cyose twize ahangaha, nagerageje kugishyira mu bikorwa mu rwego rwo kurushaho kunoza ibyo nkora no mu kazi kanjye ka buri munsi.”
Yagaragarije bagenzi be ko bakwiye gukora ibishoboka bakiga ibikorwa bitandukanye n’imyuga inyuranye ku buryo umuntu aba ashobora gukora ikintu kirenze kimwe.
Umukozi mu Rwego rw’Igihugu rw’Iterambere RDB, Ingabire Lydia yasobanuriye uru rubyiruko amahirwe ari mu kwihangira imirimo ariko abahishurira ko ibanga ryo kwagura no gutuma ibikorwa bitera imbere ari ugukora imenyekanishabikorwa by’ibyo umuntu akora kandi bigakorwa ku buryo bwimbitse ndetse bufite intego.
Abanyeshuri bongeye kwibutswa ko kugira inshuti nziza, kubana n’abandi neza no gukorera hamwe biri mu bitanga amahirwe kuri ba rwiyemezamirimo nk’uko Sugira Aimé Serge ufite umushinga ufasha abatarabona igishoro kukibona binyuze mu kubahuza n’abashoramari (Finenza) yabigarutseho.
Ubusanzwe iri shuri ritanga ubumenyi ku bahungu n’abakobwa biga mu mashami atandukanye arimo ‘Hospitality and Tourism Management’, ‘Information Systems’ na ‘Business Management and Entrepreneurship.’
Mu 2010 Akilah Institute for Women yashinzwe ifite intumbero yo kwigisha abana b’abakobwa baturuka mu miryango itishoboye, muri Nzeri 2020 yaje kunguka irindi ryigisha abahungu n’abakobwa rizwi nka Davis College, guhera icyo gihe byose bifata izina rya Davis College and Akilah.
Amafoto: Rwema Bugingo Derrick


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Sasa rero naratashye mvuye school nza muri quartier nkihagera nasuye abaturanyi bose then nigira murugo ndituriza nyuma ya 2days haje umwana wumuturanyi Afite 14ans
Yatangiye kujya ansura buri munsi avuye skull nkagira nubwana none mucyumweru gishize yaraje ati hari ikintu nshaka kukubwira ati “nukuri kuva kera na kare kugeza nubu iyo nkubonye numva.... Muri make ndakukunda kd na maman narabimubwiye ubu ndagusaba unyemerere dukundane kuko unyangiye nanakiyahura akomeza ambwirako nimwemerera icyo nzamusaba cyose agifitiye ububasha azakimp ” ubwo nabuze icyo ndenzaho kuko na mere wiwe ubu aziko nkundana nuwo mwana, namubajije imyaka ambwira 14ans numva ngize ikikango ko bazantambikana
None Friend mumbwire kbs uyu mwana mukorere iki? Mfatireho cg niturize mureke batazantambikana


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Yabibasabye ku mugoroba wo kuri uyu wa Kane tariki ya 22 Nzeri 2022 mu gikorwa cyo gusoza Itorero ry’Inkomezamihigo icyiciro cya munani ryitabiriwe n’urubyiruko rusaga 1000, ryatangiye ku wa 16 ryabereye mu Karere ka Huye muri Groupe Scolaire Officielle de Butare, GSOB.
Ibikorwa byo kurisoza byabereye mu cyumba cy’inama cya Kaminuza y’u Rwanda Ishami rya Huye.
Dr Bizimana yabwiye urubyiruko ko bakwiye kumurikirwa n’indangagaciro nk’uko Abakirisitu bamurikirwa na Bibiliya cyangwa Abayisilamu bakamurikirwa na Korowani.
Yagize ati “Umurava mwari mufite hano, ikinyabupfura mwari mufite, indangagaciro mwigishijwe izo mwari mufite n’izo mwungukiye aha mugende arizo namwe mujya kumurikira abandi aho mugiye.”
Yakomeje agira ati “Reka mpere ku madini kuko abenshi tuyarimo. Ari muri Gatolika cyangwa amadini yemera Kristu bagendera kuri Bibiliya noneho buri munsi umuntu abyutse agasoma interuro iri bumuyobore umunsi we wose; noneho iyo nteruro irakumurikira umunsi wose iteka; Abayisilamu basoma Korowani nabo ni uko. Namwe rero izi ndangagaciro zizabe Korowani yanyu zibe Bibiliya yanyu. Indangagaciro y’ubunyarwanda ntakiyisumba.”
Yavuze ko Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yashegeshe u Rwanda ku buryo amateka yayo akomeza kugira ingaruka mbi no ku bavutse nyuma yayo, abasaba kwirinda ingengengabitekerezo yayo kuko ari mbi.
Ati “Abakiyifite [ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside] babuze ubunyarwanda, abo rero ntibakabaheho. Ubunyarwanda niyo ndangagaciro ya mbere ikomeye mukomeze mubuharanire.”
Yabibukije izindi ndangagaciro bakwiye kwimakaza zirimo gukunda igihugu no kukirinda, ubutwari, ubwitange, ishyaka, kwihesha agaciro, ubunyangamugayo n’izindi.
Mwirinde ububwa
Dr Bizimana yabwiye urubyiruko ko buri ndangagaciro ifite kirazira bijyana abasaba guharanira kuba intwari birinda ububwa.
Yagize ati “Ubutwari ubundi buzirana n’ububwa. Iyo bavuze ngo uriya ni imbwa burya ntacyo baba basize. Ni nko gushaka kuvuga ngo uriya ntacyo ari cyo.”
Yasobanuye ko n’ubwo imbwa igira akamaro karimo no kurinda urugo ariko itarwana urugamba ngo irurangize bitewe n’uko iyo umuntu akomeje kuyisatira igera aho igahunga.
Yabasabye kwirinda ubugwari, ubunebwe, ubuhemu, ubugambanyi n’ibindi bibi.
Bamwe mu rubyiruko bitabiriye iryo torero bavuze ko batahanye impamba ikomeye izabafasha gutanga umusanzu wabo mu kubaka u Rwanda rwiza.
Sibamana Emmanuel ati “Twafashijwe kongera kumva uruhare rwacu mu iterambere ry’urubyiruko duhagarariye n’iry’igihugu muri rusange binyuze mu biganiro twahawe n’abatoza batandukanye.”
Yavuze ko batojwe kumenya u Rwanda kurukunda no kurwitangira bityo batashye babyiyemeje.
Iri torero ryahawe insanganyamatsiko igira iti “Ubuzima bwanjye agaciro kanjye; kureba kure amahitamo yanjye”
Ryitabiriwe n’abagize Inama y’Igihugu y’Urubyiruko; urubyiruko rw’abakorerabushake n’abandi bayobozi b’urubyiruko kuva ku rwego rw’akarere kugeza ku rwego rw’umurenge.


text:
Ntidushidikanya ko abatari bakeya bamaze kumenyera uburyo bwo gusaba akazi (Kudepoza) bakoresheje uburyo bw`ikoranabuhanga bwa MIFOTRA buzwi nka e-recruitment.Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko hari n`abandi bakibaza uko ushobora kumenya niba waremerewe gukora ibizamini by`akazi wasabye cyangwa se n`andi makuru atandukanye kubusabe bwawe.
Twongeyeb kukwegeraniriza intambwe zitandukanye zagufasha gukurikirana ubusabe bwawe uhereye kugufungura account kurubuga rwa MIFOTRA ukageza kuburyo bwo kureba ibyavuye mubusabe bwawe uhereye kumunsi wadepojeho.
Gufunguza account/Kwiyandikisha
Mugihe ari ubwambere ugiye kudepoza/ gusaba akazi ukoresheje uru rubuga, ningombwa ko ubanza kwiyandikisha (Gufunguza account). Iyi account kandi ninayo uzajya ukoresha n`ikindi gihe uzajya ukenera gusaba akazi mubigo bya Leta ukoresheje ubu buryo.
Uko bikorwa:
a. Kanda hano winjire kurubuga rwa MIFOTRA maze ubone page ikurikira
b. Kanda ahanditse Register
c. Uzuza iyi mbonera hamwe /form ikurikira maze uyohereze ukanze kuri Submit
Mugihe umaze gukanda kuri Submit, bazahita bakubwirako account yawe yakozwe neza bahite bagusaba kujya kuri email yawe/inbox kurebayo ijambo ry`ibanga baguhaye
d. Akira ijambo ry`ibanga/Password/Mot de Pass
Nyuma yo korereza form yujuje neza, ihutire kujya kuri email yawe cygwa se in box (Iyo wakoresheje wuzuza form) urebeho ijambo ry`ibanga/Password/Mot de passe wohererejwe.
e. Injira muri account yawe umaze gufungura
Ubu noneho uba ushobora gutangira bundi bushya (Kwinjira kurubuga rwa MIFOTRA) ugakanda noneho kuri Login maze ukuzuzamo user name yawe na rya jambo ry`ibanga/mot de pass /pass word wahawe.
Numara kwemeza,urahita usabwa guhindura no kwemeza iyi password yawe kugirango ukore iyo uzajya
wifashisha n`ikindi gihe.


text:
Youth Engagement in Agriculture Network-Rwanda
This Month We Celebrate
We want to change the image of sweet potatoes said Regis Umugiraneza
Ibinyomoro: Uburyo bwo kubihinga kuva mu murama kugera ku Musaruro ujya kw'isoko
Ikinyomoro(Itomati y’igiti) ni igiti cy’umubyimba muto kigira imizi itari miremire, n’uburebure bushobora kugera kuri metero 6. kibaho igihe kitari kirekire, ku buryo mu busanzwe gishobora kugeza ku myaka iri hagati ya 15 na 20. Ibibabi byacyo bikoze nk’umutima kandi bigira uburebure bushobora kureshya na cm 30 n’ubugali bwa cm12.
Indabo zacyo zigira ibara rijya kuba rose (pink) , ubururu cyangwa umweru kandi zikamerera aho amashami atangiriye. Imbuto zera ku giti cy’ikinyomoro ziba umutuku, umuhondo, orange cyangwa se purupule (purple). Zigira akarizo karekare kandi kananutse rukagira uburebure bushobora kugera kuri cm 10 n’ubugari bwa cm 5 kandi ziteye nk’igi risongoye ku mutwe.
Umurama wazo ni muto cyane, urabwase kandi ukaba ukomeye.
Ibinyomoro byera neza mu butaka burimo ifumbire, bufi te ubutote buhagije kandi buhitisha amazi n’umwuka. Ntibyihanganira ahantu hareka amazi cyangwa humaganye.
Ntigikura cyane ngo kigagare ariko kandi kikaba gishobora kugira amashami atuma gikwira ahantu hanini kandi akunze gushibukira ku mutwe.
Ibinyomoro bibamo amoko atandukanye bitewe n’ibara ry’igishishwa cy’urubuto. Bityo hariho ubwoko bugira igishishwa gitukura, cy’umuhondo, cya orange gisa na zahabu n’andi n’andi. Amoko y’ibinyomoro ashobora kandi gutandukana bitewe n’ingano y’urubuto kimwe n’uburyo urubuto rukoze.
Imbuto z’ibinyomoro:
Imbuto z’ibinyomoro zigira uburebure buri hagati ya cm 2 na cm 10. Izi mbuto zitangira kwera nyuma y’imyaka ibiri. Igiti kimwe cy’ikinyomoro gishobora kwera imbuto zingana n’ibiro 22 kugeza kuri 66 ku mwaka bitewe n’uburyo cyitaweho.
Imizi y’ibinyomoro Ibinyomoro bigira imizi migufi ikaba yishimira isaso ndetse no kuvomererwa igihe imvura ari nke.
Uruti cyangwa igihimba
Igihimba cy’ikinyomoro kirakura kikaba cyageza ku burebure bwa metero 6. Cyakora ibi bituma kitihanganira imiyaga myinshi bityo kikaba cyavunika.
Amoko y’ibinyomoro
Uko uteye umurama w’ikinyomoro siko ingemwe zizamuka zisa na nyina. Hariho amoko menshi atandukanywa cyane n’ibara ry’urubuto rweze n’ingano y’igiti. Nko mu gihugu cyacu hakunze kuboneka amoko atatu atandukanywa n’ubunini n’ibara ry’urubuto. Hari amoko yera ibinyomoro binini n’ayera ibinyomoro bito akunze kuba umuhondo cyangwa umutuku.
Muri Florida naho haboneka amoko abiri ariyo Inca Gold na Ecuadorian orange. Muri Brezil
ubushakashatsi bwashoboye gukora amoko aberanye naho.
Aho ikinyomoro cyera
Iki giti gikunda ahantu hari ubutumburuke buri hagati ya metero 300 na metero 3000. Hari aho ugisanga ku butumburuke bwo hasi cyane, ariko icyo gihe gitanga imbuto ntoya.
Ikinyomoro gikunda na none ahantu hari ubutaka bufashe ariko buhitisha neza amazi n’umwuka. Imizi yacyo ntiyihanganira ahantu amazi areka mu butaka kuko ibura umwukabityo igiti kigahita cyuma. Ni ngombwa kandi ko igihe wateye iki giti wihatira kukirinda imiyaga kuko ihita igitura hasi.
Amashami yacyo nayo iyo atangiye kwera imbuto uyarinda umuyaga. Iki giti gitangira kwera imbuto mu gihe cy’amezi 12 nyuma y’uko ugiteye mu butaka. Nyamara ni ngombwa gukuraho imbuto za mbere zikibumba kugirango imizi yacyo ibanze ifate neza mu butaka. Iyo wagihinze ugamije isoko igiti cyimara igihe gito mu butaka, ni ukuvuga imyaka iri hagati y’ine na 6.
Nyamara ariko iyo ucyitayeho neza ukagiha ifumbire n’amazi bikwiye gishobora kugeza ku myaka iri hagati ya 12 na 15 kigitanga umusaruro. Itsinda ry’indabo 20 rishobora gutanga imbuto zeze kuva kuri 4 kugeza kuri 5. Indabo zitabanguriwe ntizitanga umusaruro. Nyuma yo kurabya kimara ibyumweru bigera kuri 25 kugirango kibe cyeze neza.
Akamaro k’ibinyomoro mu mirire y’abantu
Ikinyomoro kigira vitamini C ku rugero rutandukanye bitewe n’ubwoko bwacyo, cyakora biri mu mbuto zizwi ziyikizeho cyane. Ibinyomoro bifi te kandi ibituma bishobora kugira uruhare mu kurwanya indwara nka cancers n’indwara zimwe na zimwe z’umutima. Izo ntungamubiri ni nka anthocyanins, beta-carotène, lutein,beta-cryptoxanthin a zeanthin. Ikinyomoro gifi te kandi n’ibinyamasukari bitanga ingufu. Ibinyomoro bikize kandi kuri vitamini A, B6, na E ndetse no ku myunyu nka Ferna Potassium. Ikinyomoro gikennye ariko ku bitangangufu ndetse no kuri fi bres.
Guhinga ikinyomoro
Icyitonderwa mbere yo gutera ibinyomoro
Mbere yo gutera ibinyomoro ni ngombwa gusuzuma ibi bikurikira:
• Ahazaturuka umurama
• Ahazaterwa ibinyomoro
• Inzira uzanyuramo kugirango ubone ingemwe (umurama cyangwa ingeri)
• Uko uzategura umurima
• Igihe cyo gutera ingemwe Ni ngombwa kandi gutekereza ku buryo uzakata igihingwa cyawe ngetse n’uburyo uzakitaho igihe cyamaze gufata mu murima.
Aho gihingwa n’uburyo gihingwa
Igihe cyo guhinga ibinyomoro: ibinyomoro bihingwa igihe cy’imvura cyane cyane igihe
cy’umuhindo ni ukuvuga mu kwezi kwa nzeri ndetse n’ ukwakira.
Ubutaka: Ubutaka buterwamo ibinyomoro bwakagombye kuba bufi te ubushyuhe bwa dogere 24-29°C
Imvura
Ibinyomoro bikunda ahantu hagwa imvura igabanyije neza mu mwaka , iri ku gipimo cya mm 1200- 3000 ku mwaka. Iyo nta mvura iriho cyane cyane igihe cy’izuba ni ngombwa kubivomerera. Kuvomerera hakoreshejwe amazi arenze akenewe bituma irwara indwara zo mu bwoko bw’uduhumyo (imiyege). Igihe nta mvura igwa ikinyomoro gishobora kwihanganira izuba ariko icyo gihe nta musaruro umusaruro uba muke n’imbuto zikaba nto cyane.
Umuyaga
Ubusanzwe ikinyomoro ntikihanganira imiyaga. Niyo mpamvu ahantu hateye ibinyomoro hakagombye gukikizwa n’inzitiro zitangira umuyaga.
Ubutumburuke bw’imisozi
Uhereye aho ibinyomoro byakomotse byera neza mu misozi miremire igwamo imvura nyinshi yo mu gihugu cya Brezil na Equateur. Ibi bituma ibihugu byinshi bihinga ibinyomoro ibarizwa hafi y’imirongo yo tropique ahari imisozi miremire hagwa n’imvura nyinshi. Muri ibyo bihugu ibinyomoro byera neza ku butumburuke buri hagati ya metero 300 na metero 3000 uvuye ku Nyanja.
Gutegura umurama
Sibyiza gukoresha umurama cyangwa ingemwe z’ibinyomoro zivuye ahabonetse hose utitaye kureba niba igiti zaturutseho kitagaragaza uburwayi. Imbuto y’ikinyomoro igomba guturuka ku giti kitagaragaza uburwayi ubwo ari bwo bwose. Birabujijwe gutera bene izo ngemwe kuko iyo uteye bene izo ngemwe zikunze gukwirakwiza uburwayi.
Gutegura umurama uzatanga ingemwe
Guhitamo aho umurama w’ibinyomoro uzaturuka mbere yo gutegura ihinga ni igikorwa
cy’ingenzi kuko uburyo imbuto y’ibinyomoro itoranyijwemo nibwo butuma witegura kuzabona umusaruro mwiza cyangwa umurima urwaye. Mu guhitamo aho umurama w’ibinyomoro uzaturuka ni ngombwa kwitondera ibi bikurikira :
• Hitamo igiti cy’ikinyomoro kitagaragaza uburwayi na buke cyakuze neza cyera amatunda menshi kandi manini.
Sarura imbuto z’ibinyomoro zeze neza zidafi te ubusembwa zahishije neza (yabaye umutuku,orange cyangwa umuhondo)
• Mbere yo kuzikata banza uzironge mu mazi arimo Jik (urugero 1 rwa Jik mu ngero 3 z’amazi) cyangwa amazi arimo umunyu w’igisoryo. Ibi byica indwara zaba ziri ku gishishwa cy’inyuma cyangwa ku gihu ntizigere ku mbuto z’imbere. Ibiro bitatu by’ibinyomoro birongwa mu mazi ya litiro 20
Satura imbuto z’ibinyomoro mo kabiri uvanemo imbuto zivanze n’umutobe ukoresheje
ikiyiko. Hanyuma ubishyire mu icupa ripfundikirwa wongeremo amazi upfundikire,
hanyuma uhugutishe imbuto (ubuhwa) zivanze n’umurenda, ubihugutishe iminsi 5
kugeza kuri 14 ubicugusa nibura kabiri ku munsi (mu gitondo na nimugoroba) kugirango byivange.
• Imbuto zimaze guhuguta zirongwa mu mazi arimo javeli (5%) kugirango ibyatera indwara za seputoriya ndetse n’utundi dukoko bipfe. Mu kuronga ugomba kwitondera kumaraho umurenda.
• Imbuto umaze kuronga zishyire mu ibase cyangwa mu gatambaro kera gasukuye uzishyire mu gacucu ku buryo zikamukamo amazi,
• Ubuhwa bubonetse bwanikwa ku nkoko mu gicucu iminsi 3 kugeza kuri 4 hanyuma zikavangwa mu ntoki . Ibyo birangiye umurama uragosorwa.
• Umurama ubonetse ushobora guhita uhumbikwa
Niba udahita uzitera uzibike ahantu humutse ariko hahehereye mu mabahasha y’impapuro ariko nturenze amezi 3 utarazitera kuko iyo arenze zitamera kubera ko ubushobozi bwo kumera (pouvoir germinatif) bw’umurama bugenda bugabanuka cyane.
Gukora ubuhumbikiro
Bumwe mu buryo bukunze gukoreshwa mu rwego rwo gushaka ingemwe z’ibinyomoro ni ukwinaza umurama mu buhumbikiro. Ubu buryo ni bwo bukunze gukoreshwa cyane ariko si bwo bwonyine bukoreshwa mu kubona ingemwe z’ibinyomoro. Ingemwe z’ibinyomoro zishobora kuboneka hanakoreshejwe ingeri cyangwa zituburiwe muri laboratwari.
• Gutabira neza ibyatsi bigashira ahagenewe kuzajya ubuhumbikiro
• Gutegura imitabo: umutabo ugira ubugari bwa m 1 uburebura bugaterwa n’umubare w’ngemwe ukeneye. Hagati y’umutabo n’undi hasigara akayira ka cm 50
• Gufumbira neza ubutaka; igihe ubutaka busharira bwongerwamo ishwagara
• Gucamo uturongo ku buryo dutandukanywa na cm 5 hagati y’akarongo n’akandi ni ukuvuga imirongo 20 mu bugari bwa buri mutabo
• Hakurikiraho kubiba umurama w’ibinyomoro ku bujyakuzimu bwa mm10 hirindwa kuwegeranya.
• Gutwikira n’ubutaka muri twa turongo twabibwemo umurama w’ibinyomoro hanyuma ugatsindagira ubutaka gahoro gahoro. Mu gutwikira bakoresha utwatsi dukeya ahasigaye ukavomerera rimwe ku munsi mu gihe cy’ibyumweru bibiri cyangwa bitatu
• Kubakira ubuhumbikiro no kubusakara
• Uvanaho isaso iyo utugemwe tumaze kumera
• Iyo utugemwe tugize nibura cm 5 ni ukuvuga nibura nyuma y’ukwezi twimurirwa mu bihoho byateguwe muri pepiniyeri
Kwimurira ingemwe mu bihoho (muri Pepiniyeri)
Pepiniyeri yubakwa ahegereye amazi kugirango kuvomerera byorohe. Hagomba kuba kandi ari hafi y’inzira nyabagendwa kugirango bizoroshye gutwara ingemwe ariko hakaba hitaruye imirima y’ibinyomoro kugirango hirindwe indwara.
Iyo umaze guhitamo ahazajya pepiniyeri hakurikiraho imirimo ikurikira:
• Gutabira hatunganywa ahazajya pepiniyeri no kuharinganiza neza.
• Gupima no guca imitabo basiga hagati y’umutabo n’undi cm 50-80 z’akayira naho umutabo ukagira m 1,20 z’ubugari, uburebure bugaterwa n’umubare w’ingemwe wifuzwa.
• Imitabo ikikizwa ingeri z’ibiti kugirango zitangire ibihoho birimo ingemwe
• Kubaka pepiniyeri no kuyisakara
• Gupakira itaka mu bihoho bifi te cm 20 z’umurambararo na cm 40 z’ubuhagarike
• Gupanga ibihoho mu mitabo hagati y’ingiga zizengurutse imitabo
• Utugemwe tugemekwa mu bihoho nyuma y’iminsi 7 kugeza kuri 14 tumaze kumera mu buhumbikiro. Ni ukuvuga ko tuba dufi te cm 5 tumaze kugira amababi 2 cyangwa 3
• Hakurikiraho kujya bavomerera nibura 2 ku munsi mu gitondo na nimugoroba. Ni
ngombwa kwibuka kumenera ubutaka mu bihoho igihe cyose bigaragara ko ari
ngombwa
• Ingemwe zimaze kugira cm 15-25 ni ukuvuga zifi te igihe cy’amezi 2 nyuma yo kwinaza zishobora kwimurirwa mu murima wateguwe neza.
Gutera Umurima mushya w’ibinyomoro ushyirwa kure y’umurima ushaje bishobotse hagashyirwaho uruzitiro rw’ibiti (haie vive) rutandukanya iyo mirima yombi. Aha hashobora gukoreshwa ibiti bitanga ifumbire y’azote kugirango bitangire ibyonnyi kimwe n’indwara ziva mu murima umwe zijya mu wundi. Ibi bigira ingaruka nziza ku bidukikije bikanatuma uburumbuke bw’ubutaka bwiyongera. Igihe bitewe ku misozi ihanamye bifasha kurwanya isuri no gukomeza ubutaka.
Himurwa kandi hagaterwa gusa ingemwe zidafi te indwara iyo ari yo yose, zifi te amababi y’icyatsi kibisi gitoshye. Umuntu agomba gukoresha ingemwe ziturutse muri pepiniyeri izwi neza cyangwa ahandi hantu hazwiho gutunganya ingemwe nziza. Ni ngombwa kwirinda gutera ingemwe zigaragaza ubusembwa (ibibabi bifi te ibibara cyangwa zita amababi), zinanutse, zifite imizi yafatanye cyangwa y’umuhondo. Mbere yo kwimurira ingemwe z’ibinyomoro mu
murima, umuhinzi agomba kureba niba zarabonye akazuba kazikomeza (hardening off).
Ni ngombwa gukurikiza intambwe zikurikira kugira ngo ugire ingemwe nziza za marakuja:
• Kuvomerera ingemwe ku mugoroba ubanziriza umunsi zizaterwaho
• Gutera ingemwe kare mu gitondo cyangwa ku mugoroba (ari nabyo byiza) kugirango
ubuhehere bw’ijoro buzifashe kwisubira. Nta na rimwe ingemwe zigomba guterwa igihe
cy’izuba ryinshi .
• Gucukura umwobo uruta mu bugari no mu bujyakuzimu igihoho kirimo urugemwe
• Kuvanaho igihoho, gushyira urugemwe mu mwobo ku buryo igice cyarwo gifatanye
n’itaka ryari mu gihoho riringanira n’ubutaka bw’umurima. Gusubiza itaka mu mwobo
ugenda utsindagira buhoro buhoro kugeza ubwo bugera ku mizi ku buryo umuzi utihina, hanyuma ugatenguriramo itaka ryo ku nkombe z’umwobo ku buryo riringanira n’aho
itaka ryari mu gihoho ryagarukiraga.
• Gutsindagira ubutaka bw’i ruhande no kuvomerera
• Gusasira hakoreshejwe isaso ya cm 10 kugirango ubutaka bwegereye urugemwe
rwatewe bugumane ubuhehere no kugirango hagabanywe ibyatsi bibi. Ibi kandi bituma
ibitonyanga by’imvura bidakwirakwiza indwara ziri mu butaka.
• Mu gihe cy’izuba, ni ngombwa kubakira urugemwe umaze gutera, noneho ibyatwikirijwe bikajya bivanwaho buhoro buhoro.
Ni ngombwa gutera ingemwe z’ibinyomoro igihe imvura itangiye kugwa kugira ngo bishobore gufata neza. Ibi bikorwa mu kwezi kwa nzeri n’ukwakira. Ibinyomoro biterwa mu mirongo bitandukanyijwe n’intera iri hagati ya m 1 na 1,5 m hagati y’igiti n’ikindi na metero 4.5-5.0 hagati y’umurongo n’undi. Iyi ntera ituma ibinyomoro bidacucikirana mu murima kandi
igabanya ikwirakwiza ry’indwara kandi ituma gukata ibinyomoro no gutera umuti byoroha.
Iyi ntera irahagije ku buryo iyo ibinyomoro byeze bihumeka kandi bigakomera kuko ibishatse kugwa bifatwa n’ibindi.
Ku ntera ya Metero 1.5 hagati y’igiti n’ikindi na metero 4.5 hagati y’imirongo haterwa nibura ingemwe 1450 kuri hegitari.
Ingemwe zakuriranye zikomoka ku murama zirakatwa mbere yo kuzitera mu murima. Bazikatira nibura kuri cm 50 kubirango igiti nigishibuka , ibishibu bizaturuke hasi (kuko ubusanzwe bishibuka bigeze kuri metero nk’ebyiri). Nyamara kandi ingemwe zituruka ku ngeri zikurana ibishibu byinshi bigomba kugabanywa kugirango amashamu atangirire ku ntera ihagije uvuye ku butaka.
Igihe hatewe umurama havuka ingemwe zimeze nka nyina naho ingeri ziterwa zifi te nibura uburebure bwa cm hagati ya 60 na 90. Ingemwe zishobora gukatwa kugirango igiti kizagire amashami menshi kandi ntikizashurumbuke ngo kivunike. Ingemwe ziturutse ku ngemwe zirakura cyane ariko izikomoka ku ngeri ziba ngufi kandi zikagira amashami menshi (ibi ariko nanone biterwa n’igiti ingeri zitewe zaturutseho).
Ahantu haba umuyaga ukabije, intera hagati y’igiti n’ikindi iragabanuka. Ni ngombwa gukuraho Indabo zikurwaho mu mwaka wa mbere kugirango imizi irusheho gufata neza mu butaka.
Ni ngombwa kwibuka ko igiti gikatwa bihagije buri mwaka kugirango gitange amashami menshi azatanga imbuto, bakagikatira ku burebure bwa metero imwe kugeza kuri 1,20m. Ahenshi bakunze guhita bacyongera ifumbire y’imborera. Mu mwaka wa gatanu bongeramo ifumbire ingana na tone hagati ya 4 na 6 zivanze na phosphate ndetse na nitrate ya soda ndetse na sulphate de potasse . Ni ngombwa kugikata buri mwaka ukuraho amashami aherutse kwera. Iyo gikase neza bituma igihe cy’isarura kiyongera bikanoroshya igikorwa cy’isarura. Ni ngombwa
Indwara n’ibyonnyi
Ikinyomoro gihura n’ibibazo bitandukanye bishobora kugabanuka bitewe n’uburyo kitaweho.
Isazi zishobora kuruma urubuto, igishishwa gikingira urubuto kuko gikomeye ariko nyamara urubuto ntiruba rukigaragara neza bityo bigatuma ku isoko rutagurwa neza kubera isura mbi.
Ikibazo gikunze kugaragara cyane mu binyomoro ni indwara yitwa powederly milew iterwa na mikorobe zo mu bwoko bw’ubuhumyo zitwa Oidium sp bikagabanywa no gutera insecticide ivanze n’isabune cyangwa imiti ikomoka kuri neem. Hari kandi inzoka z’ibihingwa (nematodes iterwa n’inzoka yitwa Meloidogyne sp), root rot (kubora kw’imizi) cyangwa crown rot iterwa na phyotophthora sp) no kuraba biterwa na pseudomonas solanacearum. Kwita neza ku murima uteyemo ibinyomora bigabanya izi ndwara.
Gusarura
Urubuto rw’ibinyomoro rushobora kugira uburebure buri hagati ya cm 2 n’umunani . Urubuto rusarurwa rufi te akarizo karwo cyangwa rugasigarana igice cy’akarizo. Kubera ko igihu cy’urubuto gikomeye bituma abasarura bahita barushyira mu gafuka cyangwa mu ikarito basarurimo nta kibazo. Urubuto ruhisha neza mu gihe cy’ibyumweru biri hagati ya 6 n’umunani ariko ibi bigaterwa n’ubutumburuke bw’imisozi ibinyomoro byahinzweho.
Ubusanzwe kuri acre imwe hashobora gusarurwa kugeza kuri toni 6. Igiti kimwe kikaba gishobora gutanga umusaruro ungana cyangwa usumbye pounds 60 ku mwaka.
Ubwiza bw’umusaruro Imbuto zisaruwe ku binyomoro zishobora kubikwa kugeza ku byumweru 9 iyo zibitswe ku bukonje bwa dogere 4 kugeza kuri 10 hamwe n’ubuhehere bwa 90 kugeza kuri 95%. Iyo zibitswe mu bukonje buri munsi y’ubwo zirangirika. Naho iyo zishyizwe mu bukonje buri hejuru ya 20 zitangira kubora. Iyo ibinyomoro bihase bishobora gutunganywa mu nganda cyangwa bikabikwa muri frigo.
Ibinyomoro bitangira gusarurwa mu mwaka wa kabiri bitewe, bigatangirana umusaruro muke ugera kuri toni 4 kuri hegitari. Uyu musaruro ugenda wiyongera ku buryo mu mwaka wa kane ushobora kugera kuri toni 16 kuri hegitari. Hanyuma uyu musaruro ukagenda ugabanuka mu myaka ikurikiraho ku buryo muri rusange ikinyomoro kimara imyaka umunani mu murima.
IKiguzi cyo guhinga ibinyomoro
Mu busanzwe igiti cy’ibinyomoro gishobora gutanga umusaruro w’ibiro 22. Ku isoko ikirocy’ibinyomoro kimwe kigurwa amafaranga 500 i Kigali . Ibi bigatanga amafaranga angana 11000 ku giti ku mwaka. Gutera igiti, kugifumbira, kukivomerera no kugikata bishobora gutwara amafaranga angana 5000 ku mwaka naho gusarura no kugeza umusaruro ku isoko bigatwara amafaranga 1500 ku mwaka. Ku buryo ku mwaka urebye guhinga ikinyomoro, kugisarura no kukigeza ku isoko bishobora gutwara amafaranga 6500. Inyungu ivamo ikaba yagera ku mafaranga 5500 ku giti ku mwaka.
Kwita ku binyomoro mu murima
Iyo ikinyomoro gifite uburebure bwa metero 1-1.5 biba byiza iyo uhise ugikata imizi ku ruhande rumwe hanyuma ukakigonda ( lean) ku rundi ruhande (aha ugiha imfuruka ingana na dogere 30 kugera kuri 45). Ibi bituma havuka amashami ashibuka ku ruti aho gushibukira ku mutwe bityo akazatanga imbuto.


text:
INAMA KU MIRIRE N’IBYOKURYA
- Iriburiro
- IGICE CYA 1 - IMPAMVU DUKENEYE IVUGURURA
- IGICE CYA 2 - IMIRIRE N’IBY’UMWUKA
- IGICE CYA 3 - IVUGURURA MU BY’UBUZIMA N’UBUTUMWA BWA MARAYIKA WA GATATU
- IGICE CYA 4 - IMIRIRE IBONEYE
- IGICE CYA 5 - IMIKORERE Y’IGOGORA
- IGICE CYA 6 - IMIRIRE ITABONEYE NI INTANDARO Y’UBURWAYI
- IGICE CYA 7 - KURYA BIRENZE URUGERO
- IGICE CYA 8 - GUTEGEKA IRARI RY’IBYOKURYA
- IGICE CYA 9 - KURYA KU BIHE BIDAHINDUKA
- IGICE CYA 10 - KWIGOMWA KURYA
- IGICE CYA 11 - GUKABYA MU MIRIRE
- IGICE CYA 12 - IMIRIRE Y’UMUBYEYI UTWITE
- IGICE CYA 13 - IMIRIRE YAGENEWE ABANA
- IGICE CYA 14 - GUTEKA IBYOKURYA BIFITIYE UMUBIRI AKAMARO
- IGICE CYA 15 - IBYOKURYA BIZANIRA UMUBIRI AMAGARA MAZIMA NA RESITORA ZIFITE ISUKU
- IGICE CYA 16 - IBIGO MBONEZAMIRIRE
- IGICE CYA 17 - IBYOKURYA NK’UMUTI WA BURI MUNSI
- IGICE CYA 18 - AMATUNDA, IBINYAMPEKE, N’IMBOGA
- IGICE CYA 19 - IBYOKURYA BIHEREKEZA AMAFUNGURO
- IGICE CYA 20 - IBIRUNGO, N’IBINDI
- IGICE CYA 21 - IBINURE
- IGICE CYA 22 - POROTEYINI
- IGICE CYA 23 - INYAMA (IBINDI KURI PROTEYINI)
- IGICE CYA 24 - IBYOKUNYWA
- IGICE CYA 25 - KWIGISHA AMAHAME Y’UBUZIMA