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Topic outline
IGICE CYA MBERE: INTANGIRIRO RUSANGE
1.0. Intangiriro
Kugira ngo abarezi b’inshuke bashobore gushyira mu bikorwa integanyanyigisho
ishingiye ku bushobozi, hakenewe imfashanyigisho zinyuranye ziyiherekeza. Muri
zo harimo igitabo cy’umurezi kibafasha gutegura no kwigisha abana b’inshuke ku
buryo bwimbitse kandi buboneye.
1.1. Impamvu y’iki gitabo
Iki gitabo cyagenewe umurezi wigisha isomo ry’Ubugeni n’umuco mu mashuri
y’inshuke mu mwaka wa mbere kugeza mu mwaka wa gatatu. Inyigisho ziri muri
iki gitabo zitondetse uhereye mu mwaka wa mbere kugeza mu mwaka wa gatatu.
Cyateguwe kandi hifashishijwe integanyanyigisho ishingiye ku bushobozi yateguwe
mu mwaka wa 2015.
1.2. Imiterere y’iki gitabo cy’Umurezi
Iki gitabo cy’Umurezi kigizwe n’inyigisho esheshatu (6). Izo nyigisho ni izi zikurikira:
• Inyigisho ya mbere: Gushushanya
• Inyigisho ya kabiri: Kubaka
• Inyigisho ya gatatu: Kubumba
• Inyigisho ya kane: Ubukorikori
• Inyigisho ya gatanu: Kuririmba no kubyina
• Inyigisho ya gatandatu: Ibikoresho bya Muzika
Izi nyigisho zigenda zigaruka muri buri mwaka ariko zigatandukanywa n’imitwe
ndetse n’amasomo agize buri mutwe muri buri mwaka. N’ubwo muri iki gitabo
cy’Umurezi wigisha mu mashuri y’inshuke, hari inyigisho, imitwe n’amasomo
byanogejwe ku buryo usanga bitanditse kimwe n’ibiri mu nteganyanyigisho, ntacyo
byangije ku byari biyiteganyijwemo; ahubwo byateguwe hagamijwe korohereza
umurezi uburyo bw’imyigishirize myiza kandi inoze mu isomo ry’ubugeni n’umuco.
1.3. Ibyo umurezi, umwana n’umubyeyi basabwa mu myigire
n’imyigishirize y’isomo ry’ubugeni n’umuco
1.3.1. Ibyo umurezi asabwa mu gihe yigisha isomo ry’ubugeni n’umuco
Umurezi asabwa kwita kuri ibi bikurikira igihe yigisha isomo ry’ubugeni n’umuco;
• Kuragwa n’urukundo n’urugwiro ku bana bose;
• Gutegura neza aho abana bigira, ndetse n’aho bakinira;
• Gutegura ibikoresho n’imfashanyigisho;
• Kwita ku mutekano w’abana;
• Kuyobora imikino n’ibikorwa by’abana;
• Gufasha buri mwana kugera ku ntego no ku bushobozi ategerejweho;
• Gutoza abana guhorana isuku aho bari hose;
• Gutoza no gufasha abana kwandurura no gusubiza buri gikoresho
cyakoreshejwe mu mwanya wacyo igihe igikorwa runaka kirangiye;
• Guha buri mwana ubufasha akeneye
• Gufasha abana bose kubaka no kuzamura ubushobozi bujyanye n’ikigero
cyabo mu isomo ry’ubugeni n’umuco;
• Gutahura abana bafite ibibazo bitandukanye no kubaha ubufasha buhagije
kugira ngo bashobore kwiga isomo ry’ubugeni n’umuco nta mbogamizi.
1.3.2. Ibyo umwana asabwa mu gihe yiga isomo ry’ubugeni n’umuco
Igihe umwana yiga isomo ry’ubugeni n’umuco asabwa ibi bikurikira:
• Gutega amatwi amabwiriza ahabwa n’umurezi;
• Gukora ibikorwa byose bijyanye n’isomo ry’ubugeni n’umuco,
• Gusobanurira abandi igihangano ke yakoze;
• Gukorera hamwe na bagenzi be;
• Gusaranganya na bagenzi be ibikoresho baba bahawe;
• Gusobanuza umurezi cyangwa n’undi wese wamufasha ku byo adasobanukiwe;
• Kwibwiriza gusukura aho yakoreye;
• Kwibwiriza kwisukura ubwe;
• Kwibwiriza kwandurura no gusubiza ibikoresho yakoresheje mu mwanya wabyo.
1.3.3. Ibyo umubyeyi asabwa igihe akurikirana imyigire y’umwana mu
isomo ry’ubugeni n’umuco
Ababyeyi bagira uruhare rugaragara mu gufasha abana mu bikorwa bijyanye
n’ubugeni n’umuco mu buryo bukurikira:
• Gukundisha abana ibikorwa bijyanye n’ubugeni n’umuco;
• Gushakira abana ibikoresho bikenerwa mu isomo ry’ubugeni n’umuco;
• Guha umwana umwanya uhagije umutega amatwi;
• Gufasha umwana gukora neza umukoro yahawe umwerekera uko uwo
mukoro ukorwa;
• Kuririmbira umwana;
• Gushimira umwana ku byo yakoze;
• Gutoza umwana kugira isuku aho ari hose
• Gutoza umwana kugira no kurangwa n’ikinyabupfura
• Gukundisha umwana isomo ry’ubugeni n’umuco.
1.4. Imikoreshereze y’igitabo cy’umunyeshuri
Umurezi igihe ari kwigisha isomo ry’ubugeni n’umuco ni byiza kureba ko buri
mwana afite igitabo. Umurezi asabwa kureba mu gitabo cy’umunyeshuri aho isomo
agiye kwigisha riherereye agasaba abana kurambura ku rupapuro ririho. Ibyo bi
rinda umwana kurambura aho yishakiye hadafitanye isano n’isomo bagiye kwiga.
Umurezi kandi abaza abana ibibazo bijyanye n’ibyo babona kuri urwo rupapuro.
Igihe abana basubiza ibyo babona mu gitabo, byorohereza umurezi kwinjiza abana
mu isomo kuko ibyo babona mu gitabo bifitanye isano n’igikorwa gisabwa kuri iryo
somo.
Nyuma y’uko abana bavuze ibyo babonye mu gitabo, umurezi aboneraho kubasaba
gukora igikorwa gisa nk’icyo babonye mu gitabo. Ibyo bizaborohereza guhita bakora
icyo gikorwa kuko bazaba barebera mu gitabo bafite. Mu igihe abana bakoresha
ibitabo, babifashwamo n’umurezi ari nako abibutsa uburyo bwo kubifata neza.
1.5. Kwita ku burezi bw’abana bafite ibyo bagenerwa byihariye mu myigire yabo
Umurezi agomba kumenya abana bafite ibibazo byihariye ndetse n’impano
zinyuranye kugira ngo ashobore kubitaho ku buryo bwihariye. Agomba kubashakira
imikoro yihariye, kubabaza ibibazo byihariye ndetse no kubategurira ibikorwa
byihariye kandi yitaye ku byo buri mwana akeneye mu myigire ye.
1.6. Isuzumabushobozi
Isuzumabushobozi ku isomo ry’ubugeni n’umuco ni igikorwa gikorwa n’umurezi
hagamijwe kureba intambwe umwana agenda atera mu kubaka ubushobozi runaka
burebana n’ubugeni. Iri suzumabushobozi rikorwa haba mu ntangiriro y’igikorwa
cy’umwana, mu gihe k’igikorwa nyirizina cyangwa mu gusoza igikorwa. Iyo
hakorwa isuzumabushobozi, umurezi yita kureba niba umwana ari kugera ku ntego
z’igikorwa. Ibi abikora yitegereza uko umwana akora igikorwa, akamubaza ibibazo
bijyanye n’ibyo ari gukora hagamijwe kumva uko umwana asobanura ibyo yakoze
n’uko abihuza n’isomo yize.
Isuzumabushobozi rikorwa kandi, umurezi areba ibyo umwana yakoze akabigereranya
n’ibyo yakoze mu gihe cyashize, ari nako amusaba kugaragaza itandukaniro riri
hagati y’ibyo amaze gukora, ibyo yakoze ndetse n’iby’abandi bakoze mu isomo
ry’ubugeni n’umuco. Mu gusuzuma kandi, umurezi areba uko umwana yitabira
igikorwa, umwete agikorana, uko agisobanura n’uko afatanya n’abandi.
Umurezi agomba guha agaciro ibikorwa byose umwana yakoze niyo mpamvu kureba
ireme n’ubwiza bw’ibyo umwana yakoze cyangwa yahanze ataricyo cyingenzi mu
bugeni n’umuco, ahubwo gushima ibyo yakoze no kumugira inama yibyo yakora
kugirango akore ibyiza kurenzaho ni cyo k’ingenzi.
Ni byiza ko ibyo abana bakoze bishyirwa mu ishuri aho babireba bakaba
babyifashisha mu mikino no mu mbyino, ibindi bikaba byashyirwa mu nguni
z’ibikorwa zitandukanye.
IGICE CYA KABIRI: IMYIGISHIRIZE YA BURI NYIGISHO
INYIGISHO YAMBEREGUSHUSHANYA
1.0. Intangiriro
Ibikorwa by’ubugeni n’umuco ni ingenzi ku bana biga mu mashuri y’inshuke kuko
umwana abyigiramo amasomo atandukanye.
Iyo abana batangiye amashuri y’inshuke, biga gushushanya bahereye ku misharabiko.
Icyo gihe bashimishwa no gusharabika ibintu bitandukanye byaba ibyo bihitiyemo
cyangwa se ibyo beretswe n’umurezi wabo. Inyigisho nyinshi zigishwa mu mashuri
y’inshuke, zigenda ziganisha mu gufasha umwana gushushanya ibyo yihitiyemo
kandi umurezi akabimufashamo.
Ni muri urwo rwego rero mu mwaka wa mbere w’amashuri y’inshuke, gushushanya
byigwa mu masomo umunani (8), mu mwaka wa kabiri bikigwa mu amasomo ane
(4), mu gihe mu mwaka wa gatatu byigwa mu masomo abiri (2).
1.0.1. Imbanerahamwe ikurikira igaragaza uruhererekane rw’amasomo yo
muri iyi nyigisho.
1.1. GUHANGA AMASHUSHO ABANA BIHITIYEMO CYANGWA
BAHAWE (Umwaka wa mbere)
1.1.1. Ubushobozi bw’ingenzi bugamijwe
Abana bazaba bashobora guhanga amashusho y’ibintu bitandukanye bakoresheje
ibikoresho by’ubugeni mberajisho biboneka aho batuye.
1.1.2. Ingingo nsanganyamasomo
• Umuco w’amahoro n’indangagaciro: Isaranganya ry’ibikoresho igihe
bashushanya ni kimwe mu bizatuma abana bashobora kubana mu mahoro
kandi buri wese abashe kunyurwa n’ibikoresho ahawe, bityo bimwubakemo
umuco wo kwihangana agategereza abandi mu gihe akeneye guhindura
ibikoresho.
• Uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye bw’ibitsina byombi: Mu bikorwa byateguwe
n’umurezi mu kwigisha gushushanya abakobwa n’abahungu bagiramo
uruhare rungana.
• Uburezi budaheza: Mu gihe abana bazaba bashushanya cyangwa basiga
amabara, buri wese mu bushobozi bwe azahabwa umwanya uhagije kugira
ngo ashobore gukoresha ibikoresho yagenewe. Umurezi yemerera abana
guhagarara cyangwa kwicara aho biborohera kubona no kumva neza.
• Kwita ku bidukikije: Abana batozwa gushushanya no gusiga amarangi
ahabugenewe kandi bakamenyerezwa kubungabunga ibidukikije no
kutabyangiza. Abana batozwa kandi kwandurura ibikoresho no gusukura aho
bakoreye.
1.1.3. Inama ku myigishirize y’amasomo
Guhanga amashusho hifashishijwe ibikoresho bitandukanye, ni ngombwa cyane
ko umwana utangira umwaka wa mbere w’amashuri y’inshuke, akenera amasomo
n’ibikorwa bizamura ubwenge bwe, ingingo ze ndetse n’iterambere mu rurimi.
Mu bugeni n’umuco, umurezi ni ngombwa ko yita ku myaka n’ikigero cy’umwana.
Niyo mpamvu mu guhanga amashusho, abana batangira bamenyerezwa gukoresha
amaboko n’ibiganza byabo bafashwa kumenyerezwa gufata no gukoresha ibikoresho
byose byifashishwa mu bugeni. Ni ngombwa gufasha abana ibikorwa byabo byose
no gushima amashusho abana bihangiye.
Isomo rya 1: Gushushanya akoresheje intoki n’ikiganza
Abana bashushanya bakoresheje intoki.
a. Intego y’isomo: Kumenyereza umwana gushushanya akoresheje intoki ze
n’ikiganza.
b. Imfashanyigisho: urupapuro, umucanga, ubutaka, amashusho n’amafoto
agaragaza abana bashushanya bakoresheje intoki ibiganza.
c. Ibitabo byifashishijwe:
• Inyoborabarezi yo mu mashuri y’inshuke,
• Igitabo cy’Ubugeni n’umuco,
• Isaranganyamasomo mu mashuri y’inshuke,
• Imfashanyigisho y’amahugurwa ku nteganyanyigisho y’uburezi bw’inshuke
• Ibindi bitabo bifitanye isano n’ubugeni n’umuco ku mashuri y’inshuke
d. Ibice by’isomo
Isomo rya kabiri : Gusubira mu ishusho
a) Intego y’isomo : Gushushanya yigana amashusho akoresheje uburyo n’ibikoresho
binyuranye.
b) Imfashanyigisho : ikaramu y’igiti, amakaramu y’amabara, uduti, irangi
rishushanya, umucanga.
c) Ibikorwa by’imyigire n’imyigishirize
• Umurezi abwira abana agakuru k’umwana wakundaga gushushanya maze
ababyeyi be bakamuhemba;
• Abana batega amatwi inkuru babwirwa n’umurezi;
• Umurezi abaza abana igikorwa umwana uvugwa mu nkuru yakoraga;
• Abana basubiza ibibazo cy’umurezi bagaragaza ko umwana yakundaga
gushushanya;
• Umurezi abaza abana niba bakunda gushushanya;
• Umurezi abwira abana ko nabo bagiye gushushanya bakabikora bigana
ishusho yabateguriye;
• Umurezi yerekekera abana uko bakoresha ibikoresho bitandukanye byo
gushushanya hanyuma, bagahitamo ibyo bari bukoreshe;
• Abana batangira gushushanya bigana ishusho umurezi yatanze;
• Umurezi yegera buri mwana areba uko akora igikorwa cyo gushushanya
agatanga inama n’ ubufasha aho biri ngombwa;
• Umurezi asaba abana kumanika ibyo bashushanyije ahabugenewe;
• Mu gusoza, umurezi afatanyije n’abana bashimira buri mwana umwe kuri
umwe ku bw’igishushanyo yashushanyije;
• Umurezi asaba abana gukusanya ibikoresho bakoreshaga;
• Umurezi asaba abana gukora isuku y’ibikoresho bakoreshaga barangiza
bakabibika ahabugenewe;
• Mu gusoza isomo, abana bakora isuku aho bakoreraga ndetse n’isuku yo ku
mubiri wabo.
Isomo rya gatatu: Kwandika ukoresheje intoki
a) Intego y’isomo: Kumenyereza umwana kwandika akoresheje intoki ze.
b) Imfashanyigisho: impapuro, umucanga, ubutaka, ingwa, ifu, amashusho,
amafoto agaragaza abana bandika bakoresheje intoki n’ibiganza.
c) Ibikorwa by’imyigire n’imyigishirize
• Umurezi yereka abana amashusho cyangwa amafoto agaragaza abana barimo
kwandika ibintu bitandukanye bakoresheje intoki;
• Abana bitegereza amafoto agaragaza abana barimo kwandika ibintu
bitandukanye bakoresheje intoki;
• Umurezi abaza abana uko igikorwa abana bagaragara mu mashusho barimo
gukora;
• Abana basubiza ko mu mashusho hagaragaramo abana bari kwandika;
• Umurezi abwira abana ko nabo bagiye gukora igikorwa cyo kwandika
bakoresheje urutoki;
• Umurezi asaba abana gusohoka bakajya ahari umucanga wateguwe bagakora
igice cy’uruziga;
• Umurezi yerekera abana uko bakoresha urutoki bandika mu mucanga;
• Umurezi asaba abana gukoresha urutoki bakandika icyo bashaka ku mucanga;
• Abana bakoresha urutoki bandika icyo bihitiyemo;
• Umurezi agera kuri buri mwana areba icyo yashushanyije agatanga ubufasha
aho biri ngombwa;
• Abana basobanurira umurezi na bagenzi babo ibyo bakoze n’uko babikoze;
• Umurezi ashimira abana bose muri rusange ku gikorwa bamaze gukora
akabasaba ko nibagera mu rugo bagikomeza kandi bakereka ababyeyi babo;
• Umurezi asoza isomo asaba abana gukaraba intoki n’isabune.
• Abana basubiza ko mu mashusho hagaragaramo abana bari kwandika;
• Umurezi abwira abana ko nabo bagiye gukora igikorwa cyo kwandika
bakoresheje urutoki;
• Umurezi asaba abana gusohoka bakajya ahari umucanga wateguwe bagakora
igice cy’uruziga;
• Umurezi yerekera abana uko bakoresha urutoki bandika mu mucanga;
• Umurezi asaba abana gukoresha urutoki bakandika icyo bashaka ku mucanga;
• Abana bakoresha urutoki bandika icyo bihitiyemo;
• Umurezi agera kuri buri mwana areba icyo yashushanyije agatanga ubufasha
aho biri ngombwa;
• Abana basobanurira umurezi na bagenzi babo ibyo bakoze n’uko babikoze;
• Umurezi ashimira abana bose muri rusange ku gikorwa bamaze gukora
akabasaba ko nibagera mu rugo bagikomeza kandi bakereka ababyeyi babo;
• Umurezi asoza isomo asaba abana gukaraba intoki n’isabune.
Isomo rya kane: Gukora ishusho ukoresheje intoki ziriho irangi
a) Intego y’isomo: Gushushanya ishusho yoroheje bakoresheje intoki ziriho irangi.
b) Imfashanyigisho: impapuro, igitambaro, irangi, amazi, isabune.
c) Ibikorwa by’imyigire n’imyigishirize
• Umurezi abwira abana agakuru kajyanye n’umwana wakundaga gushushanya
akoresheje urutoki yokojeje mu irangi maze ababyeyi bakamuhemba;
• Abana basubiramo inkuru umurezi amaze kubabwira;
• Umurezi asaba abana kuvuga igikorwa umwana uvugwa mu nkuru yakundaga gukora;
• Abana basubiza ko umwana uvugwa mu nkuru yakundaga gushushanya;
• Umurezi abaza abana niba nabo bakunda gushushanya;
• Umurezi asaba abana guhaguruka mu ntebe bakajya aho bashobora gukora igice cy’uruziga;
• Umurezi abwira abana ko bagiye gushushanya bakoresheje intoki ziriho irangi;
• Umurezi atanga urugero rw’uko bashushanyisha urutoki ruriho irangi akabikora
afata urutoki rwe akarukoza mu irangi ry’amazi, yarangiza akarushushanyisha ku rupapuro cyangwa igitambaro;
• Umurezi aha ibikoresho abana akabasaba gushushanya icyo bashaka bakoresheje intoki ziriho irangi;
• Abana bashushanya ibyo bihitiyemo bakoresha intoki ziriho irangi;
• Igihe abana barimo bashushanya, umurezi agenda areba uko babikora akanatanga ubufasha ku babukeneye;
• Umurezi asaba abana kurambika cyangwa kumanika ahabugenewe ibyo
bashushanyije bakabyitegereza bagashima ubwiza bw’igishushanyo cya buri mwana;
• Mu gusoza, umurezi asaba abana gukora isuku y’ibikoresho bakoresheje,
iy’aho bakoreye ndetse n’iy’umubiri wabo bakaraba intoki n’amazi meza kandi bakoresheje isabune.
Isomo rya gatanu: Gukoresha ikiganza kiriho irangi
a) Intego y’isomo: Gukora ishusho yoroheje bakoresheje ikiganza kiriho irangi.
b) Imfashanyigisho: impapuro, igitambaro, irangi, amazi, isabune.
c) Ibikorwa by’imyigire n’imyigishirize:
• Umurezi asaba abana gukurikira inkuru agiye kubabwira;
• Umurezi abwira abana agakuru k’umwana wakundaga gukoza ikiganza
mu irangi maze akacyomeka ku rupapuro, yagikuraho akabona cya kiganza
kishushanyije kuri rwa rupapuro; nuko agahaguruka yishimye akajya kwereka ababyeyi;
• Umurezi abaza abana icyo bumvise mu nkuru;
• Abana basubiza ibibazo byabajijwe n’umurezi;
• Umurezi abaza abana niba biteguye gukora amashusho bifashishije uburyo bwo komeka ikiganza kiriho irangi ;
• Umurezi asaba abana gukora igice cy’uruziga aho bitegereza umurezi ukuntu atanga urugero rwo gukora ishusho akoresheje ikiganza kiriho irangi;
• Umurezi agenda asobanura intambwe bikorwamo;
• Umurezi aha ibikoresho abana akabibutsa ko ari byiza kubisaranganya kugira
ngo buri wese abone igikoresho cyo gukoresha;
• Abana bakora amashusho atandukanye ajyanye n’uko babyifuza;
• Mu gihe abana bari mu gikorwa cyo gukora amashusho, ni byiza ko umurezi agera kuri buri mwana areba uko akora igikorwa ari nako atanga inama aho biri ngombwa;
• Abana bafashijwe n’umurezi, bamanika ahabugenewe ibihangano byabo bakoze kandi agashimira buri mwana ku gishushanyo yakoze;
• Umurezi asaba abana gukusanya ibikoresho bakabikorera isuku mbere yo kubibika kandi bakibuka no gukora isuku y’umubiri wabo bakaraba n’amazi meza n’isabune.
Isomo rya gatandatu: Gusiga irangi
a) Intego y’isomo: Gusiga irangi ahantu hateguwe akoresheje ibikoresho by’ubugeni.
b) Imfashanyigisho: impapuro, igitambaro, irangi, amazi, uburoso, ipamba, igifufuma, n’ibindi.
c) Ibikorwa by’imyigire n’imyigishirize
• Umurezi asaba abana gutuza barangiza akababwira ko agiye kubaririmbira
• Umurezi aririmbira abana indirimbo yitwa « Nkunda gusiga irangi »
• Abana bumva indirimbo;
• Umurezi abaza abana icyo umwana uvugwa mu ndirimbo ari gukora;
• Abana basubiza ko umwana uvugwa mu ndirimbo ari gusiga irangi;
• Umurezi abwira abana ko nabo bagiye kumwigana basiga irangi;
• Umurezi asaba abana gukora igice cy’uruziga barangiza akaberekera uko basiga irangi;
• Umurezi ahereza abana ibikoresho byo gusiga irangi;
• Abana batangira gusiga amarangi bakurikije amarangamutima yabo;
• Umurezi areba uko abana bakora igikorwa atanga ubufasha aho biri ngombwa;
• Abana bamurika aho basize amarangi umurezi afatanyije nabo bashimira buri mwana ku gikorwa yakoze;
• Abana basukura ibikoresho n’aho bakoreye ndetse bakanakora isuku yabo bakaraba amazi meza n’isabune.
Isomo rya 7: Gusiga irangi mu ishusho
a) Intego y’isomo: Gusiga irangi ahantu hateguwe akoresheje ibikoresho by’ubugeni.
b) Imfashanyigisho: urupapuro, amashusho, igitambaro, irangi, amazi, uburoso,
ipamba, igifufuma n’ibindi.
c) Ibikorwa by’imyigire n’imyigishirize:
• Umurezi asaba abana gutuza barangiza akababwira ko agiye kubaririmbira;
• Umurezi aririmbira abana indirimbo yitwa « Nkunda gusiga irangi »
• Abana bumva indirimbo baririmbirwa n’umurezi;
• Umurezi abaza abana icyo umwana uvugwa mu ndirimbo ari gukora;
• Abana basubiza ko umwana uvugwa mu ndirimbo ari gusiga irangi;
• Umurezi abwira abana ko nabo bagiye kumwigana basiga irangi;
• Umurezi asaba abana gukora igice cy’uruziga barangiza akaberekera uko basiga irangi;
• Umurezi ahereza abana ibikoresho byo gusiga irangi;
• Abana batangira gusiga amarangi bakurikije amarangamutima yabo;
• Umurezi areba uko abana bakora igikorwa atanga ubufasha aho biri ngombwa;
• Abana bamurika aho basize irangi;
• Umurezi afatanyije n’abana bashimira buri mwana ku gikorwa yakoze;
• Abana basukura ibikoresho naho bakoreye ndetse bakanakora isuku yabo bakaraba amazi meza n’isabune.
Isomo rya 8: Gusiga amabara mu mashusho abana bikoreye
a) Intego y’isomo: Gusiga amabara mu mashusho akoresheje ibikoresho binyuranye.
b) Imfashanyigisho: amashusho yashushanyijwe n’abana, amakaramu y’amabara, agacongesho n’ibindi.
c) Ibikorwa by’imyigire n’imyigishirize:
• Umurezi asaba abana gutuza barangiza akababwira ko agiye kubaririmbira;
• Umurezi aririmbira abana indirimbo yitwa « Nkunda gusiga amabara »
• Abana bumva indirimbo baririmbirwa n’umurezi ;
• Umurezi abaza abana icyo umwana uvugwa mu ndirimbo akunda gukora;
• Abana basubiza ko umwana uvugwa mu ndirimbo akunda gusiga amabara;
• Umurezi abwira abana ko nabo bagiye kumwigana basiga amabara;
• Umurezi asaba abana gukora igice cy’uruziga barangiza akaberekera ukobasiga amabara;
• Umurezi aha abana ibikoresho byo gusiga amabara;
• Abana batangira gusiga amabara bakurikije amarangamutima yabo;
• Umurezi areba uko abana bakora igikorwa cyo gusiga amabara, atanga ubufasha aho biri ngombwa;
• Abana bereka umurezi na bagenzi babo uko basize amabara mu mashusho;
• Umurezi afatanyije n’abana bashimira buri mwana ku gikorwa yakoze;
• Abana basukura ibikoresho naho bakoreye ndetse bakanakora isuku yabo bakaraba amazi meza n’isabune.
1.1.4. Ingero z’ibikorwa bihuza uyu mutwe n’ibindi byigwa
1.1.5. Isuzumabushobozi risoza uyu mutwe
Umurezi agomba kwibuka ko isuzumabushobozi ry’amasomo agize uyu mutwe wo
guhanga amashusho abana bihitiyemo cyangwa bahawe, rikorwa buhorobuhoro
abana bari mu gikorwa kandi hitabwa ku kureba uko bakora n’ibisobanuro batanga
ku byo bakoze aho gushingira ku bwiza bw’ibyo bakoze.
Umurezi asabwa kubika neza kandi ku gihe amakuru ajyanye n’ubushobozi bw’abana
bushingiye ku ntego za buri somo yigishije.
Ibihangano abana bakoze bijyanye no guhanga amashusho, bimurikwa ahagaragara
aho buri wese abasha kubireba.
1.2. GUHANGA AMASHUSHO (Umwaka wa kabiri)
1.2.1. Ubushobozi bw’ingenzi bugamijwe
Abana bazaba bashobora guhanga amashusho yabo bwite bakoresheje uburyo
n’ibikoresho binyuranye by’ubugeni mberajisho.
1.2.2. Ingingo nsanganyamasomo
• Umuco w’amahoro n’indangagaciro: Isaranganya ry’ibikoresho igihe
bashushanya, gusiga amabara cyangwa amarangi no gutera irangi ni kimwe
mu bizatuma abana bashobora kubana mu mahoro kandi buri wese abashe
kunyurwa n’ibikoresho ahawe. Ibi bizamwubakamo umuco wo kwihangana
agategereza abandi mu gihe akeneye guhindura ibikoresho.
• Uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye bw’ibitsina byombi: Mu bikorwa byateguwe
n’umurezi mu kwigisha gushushanya, gusiga amabara cyangwa amarangi no
gutera irangi, abakobwa n’abahungu bagiramo uruhare rungana.
• Uburezi budaheza: Mu gihe abana bazaba bashushanya, basiga amabara
cyangwa amarangi ndetse banatera irangi, buri wese mu bushobozi bwe
azahabwa umwanya uhagije kugira ngo ashobore gukoresha ibikoresho
yagenewe. Umurezi agomba kwita no kumenya umwihariko wa buri mwana
mu bushobozi bwo gukora ibintu bitandukanye kugira ngo amenye ubufasha bwihariye yamugenera.
• Kwita ku bidukikije: Abana batozwa gushushanya, gusiga amabara
cyangwa amarangi no gutera irangi, ahabugenewe kandi bakamenyerezwa
kubungabunga ibidukikije no kutabyangiza. Abana batozwa kandi kwandurura
ibikoresho no gusukura aho bakoreye ndetse nabo ubwabo bakisukura.
1.2.3. Inama ku myigishirize y’amasomo
Mu mwaka wa kabiri w’amashuri y’inshuke, abana benshi baba bari mu kigero kiri
hagati y’imyaka 4 – 5. Aba bana baba baratangiye kumenyera gukoresha ibikoresho
byifashishwa mu bugeni. Ni muri urwo rwego umurezi agomba kumenya ko guha
abana amashusho bahanga bidahagije gusa, ahubwo ko bashobora kwihangira ayabo bashaka.
Nk’ibisanzwe, umurezi afasha abana mu bikorwa byose bakora. Akanabayobora mu
guhanga amashusho yabo bibanda ku masomo mashya babonera mu mwaka wa
kabiri w’inshuke nko gutera amarangi. Ibyo abana bakora ni ingenzi kubishima no
kubafasha kuzamura urwego rwo kugera ku yindi ntera mu guhanga amashusho.
Isomo rya 1: Gushushanya ibintu bishakiye
a. Intego y’isomo: Gushushanya ibintu bishakiye.
b. Imfashanyigisho: impapuro, ikaramu y’igiti, amakaramu y’amabara, n’ibindi.
c. Ibitabo byifashishijwe:
• Inyoborabarezi yo mu mashuri y’inshuke;
• Igitabo cy’Ubugeni n’umuco;
• Isaranganyamasomo mu mashuri y’inshuke;
• Imfashanyigisho y’amahugurwa ku nteganyanyigisho y’uburezi bw’inshuke;
• Ibindi bitabo bifitanye isano n’ubugeni n’umuco ku mashuri y’inshuke.
d. Ibice by’isomo
Isomo rya 2: Gusiga amabara amashusho bikoreye cyangwa bahawe
a. Intego y’isomo: Gusiga amabara amashusho bikoreye cyangwa bahawe.
b. Imfashanyigisho: ikaramu y’igiti, agacongesho n’agahanaguzo, amakaramu
y’amabara, impapuro zikomeye, ibikoresho by’isuku: ibase, amazi, isabune, agatebo kajyamo imyanda, n’ibindi.
c. Ibikorwa by’imyigire n’imyigishirize:
Mu myigire n’imyigishirize yiri somo, ibikorwa bishobora gukorwa mu buryo
bukurikira:
• Umurezi asaba abana kumwereka ibyo bashushanyije ku umukoro bahawe mu isomo bize ubushize;
• Abana berekana ibyo bashushanyije;
• Umurezi ashimira ibyo abana bakoze mu mukoro bahawe bigakorwa mu buryo bidatinda kugira ngo hatangire isomo rishya;
• Umurezi yereka abana amashusho cyangwa amafoto ariho ibintu bitandukanye bisize amabara;
• Umurezi abaza abana ibyo babonye ku mashusho cyangwa amafoto;
• Abana bavuga ibyo babonye ku mashusho;
• Umurezi yicaza abana neza ku ruziga kandi mu buryo bworohera buri wese hagendewe ku bushobozi bwe;
• Umurezi aha abana ibikoresho bitandukanye birimo impapuro cyangwa
amakayi (iyo ahari), amakaramu y’amabara, n’ibindi byakoreshwa mu isomo bitewe n’ibyo ishuri rifite;
• Umurezi asaba abana gushushanya ibyo bishakiye ukabasaba no kubisiga
amabara atandukanye;
• Abana bashushanya ibyo bishakiye bakanabisiga amabara
• Umurezi yitegereza ibikorwa bitandukanye abana bakora, akagenda atanga
ubufasha aho biri ngombwa akurikije umwihariko wa buri mwana;
• Nyuma yo gushushanya, mu gikorwa cy’isuzumabushobozi, umurezi asaba
abana kwerekana, gushimira buri umwe wese ku byo yakoze kuko ikigamijwe
atari uko bakora amashusho y’abanyabugeni ahambaye, ahubwo ari uko bagira iterambere mu bugeni n’umuco;
• Mu musozo w’isomo, umurezi afatanya n’abana gusukura aho bakoreye no
kubika neza ibikoresho bakoresheje ndetse no gukaraba intoki bakoresheje amazi meza n’isabune.
Isomo rya 3: Gusiga irangi amashusho bikoreye cyangwa bahawe
Abana basiga irangi amashusho bihangiye nayo bahawe.
a. Intego y’isomo: Kumenya gusiga irangi amashusho bishushanyirije cyangwabahawe.
b. Imfashanyigisho: irangi ry’amazi, impapuro, udufuniko tw’amacupa, udukombe
cyangwa udusahani two kuvangiraho amarangi, ibikoresho by’isuku: ibase,amazi, isabune, n’ibindi.
c. Ibikorwa by’imyigire n’imyigishirize:
Ibikorwa n’inzira umurezi yakoresheje hejuru yigisha isomo rya kabiri, bishobora
guhura n’iby’ iri isomo rya gatatu. Igishobora guhinduka n’ibikoresho ndetse
n’ubufasha umurezi aha abana mu kubikoresha kandi hakibukwa ko abana bose
badafite ubushobozi bungana bwo gukora ibikorwa bitandukanye cyane nk’ibi byo gutera amarangi.
Mu myigire n’imyigishirize y’iri somo rya gatatu, ibikorwa bishobora gukorwa mu
buryo bukurikira:
• Umurezi yereka abana amashusho cyangwa amafoto ariho ibintu bitandukanye bisize amarangi;
• Umurezi abaza abana ibyo babonye ku mashusho cyangwa amafoto bibafasha
kwinjira mu isomo rishya ndetse bakanasubiza ibibazo babazwa n’umurezi;
• Umurezi yicaza abana neza ku ruziga kandi mu buryo bworohera buri wese hagendewe ku bushobozi bwe;
• Umurezi aha abana ibikoresho bitandukanye birimo impapuro cyangwa
amakayi (iyo ahari), irangi, udufuniko tw’amacupa, uburoso, udukombe,
udusahani two kuvangiraho amarangi (palettes), ibikoresho by’isuku, agatebo
kajyamo imyanda n’ibindi byakoreshwa mu isomo bitewe n’ibyo ishuri rifite;
• Umurezi asaba abana gushushanya ibyo bishakiye ukabasaba no kubisiga
amarangi atandukanye;
• Umurezi yitegereza ibikorwa bitandukanye abana bakora akagenda atanga
ubufasha aho biri ngombwa ku mwihariko wa buri mwana;
• Umurezi asaba abana kugaragaza ibyo bakoze abishima ariko anatanga inama mu rwego rwo kunoza igikorwa cyo gusiga amarangi.
• Mu musozo w’isomo, umurezi afatanya n’abana kwisukura neza, gusukura aho bakoreye no kubika neza ibikoresho bakoresheje.
Isomo rya 4: Gutera irangi
a. Intego y’isomo: Gutera irangi akoresheje ibintu bifite iforomo (shapes).
zinyuranye
b. Imfashanyigisho: ikaramu y’igiti, irangi ry’amazi, impapuro, udufuniko
tw’amacupa, imikebe, udukombe cyangwa udusahani two kuvangiraho
amarangi, ibikoresho by’isuku: ibase, amazi, isabune n’ibindi.
c. Ibikorwa by’imyigire n’imyigishirize: Mu gihe abanyeshuri barangije isomo ryo
gusiga amarangi bakoresheje uburoso, isomo ryo gutera amarangi rikorwa mu buryo bukurikira:
• Umurezi afasha gutangira isomo n’ibikorwa byo gutera irangi ku mpapuro
cyangwa ibindi byaboneka aho batuye bigasimbura impapuro bakoresheje
ibintu bifite ishusho inyuranye nk’ikiganza, ikirenge, agafuniko k’icupa, igice
cy’ikirayi cyangwa ikijumba, igice cya puwavuro n’ibindi;
• Umurezi yereka abana amashusho cyangwa amafoto yakozwe hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gutera amarangi;
• Umurezi abaza abana ibyo babonye ku mashusho cyangwa amafoto bibafasha
kwinjira mu isomo rishya ndetse bakanasubiza ibibazo babazwa n’umurezi;
• Umurezi yicaza abana neza ku ruziga ndetse mu buryo bworohera buri wese hagendewe ku bushobozi bwa buri wese;
• Umurezi aha abana ibikoresho bitandukanye birimo, irangi ry’amazi,
impapuro, udufuniko tw’amacupa, imikebe, udukombe cyangwa udusahani
two kuvangiraho amarangi, ibikoresho by’isuku: ibase, amazi, isabune,
n’ibindi byakoreshwa mu isomo bitewe ni byo ishuri rifite;
• Umurezi yitegereza ibikorwa abana bakora bitandukanye akagenda atanga
ubufasha aho biri ngombwa yita ku mwihariko wa buri mwana;
• Umurezi asaba abana kugaragaza ibyo bakoze akabashimira ariko anatanga inama mu rwego rwo kunoza igikorwa cyo gutera amarangi.
• Mu musozo w’isomo, umurezi afasha abana kwisukura neza, gusukura aho bakoreye no kubika neza ibikoresho bakoresheje.
• Umurezi aha abana umukoro wo gutera irangi bakora amashusho babifashwamo n’ababyeyi cyangwa ababarera.
Ikitonderwa: Ibikoresho bikoreshwa bigomba kuba bifite ubuziranenge buhagije kugira ngo hatagira ingaruka mbi biteza abana. Urugero nk’amarangi akoreshwa hano agomba kuba ari ay’amazi kandi yujuje ubuziranenge.
1.2.4. Ingero z’ibikorwa bihuza uyu mutwe n’ibindi byigwa
1.2.5. Isuzumabushobozi risoza uyu mutwe
Umurezi agomba kwibuka ko isuzumabushobozi ry’amasomo agize uyu mutwe wo
guhanga amashusho rikorwa buhorobuhoro abana bari mu gikorwa kandi hitabwa
kureba uko bakora n’ibisobanuro batanga ku byo bakoze aho gushingira ku bwiza
gusa bw’ibyo bakoze.
Umurezi asabwa kubika neza kandi ku gihe amakuru ajyanye n’ubushobozi bw’abana
bushingiye ku ntego za buri somo yigishije.
Ibihangano abana bakoze bijyanye no guhanga amashusho, bizamurikwa
ahagaragara ku buryo abana bazajya bagereranya ibyo bakoze n’ibyo abandi bakoze.
Umurezi yirinda kuvuga ko igihangano cy’umwana ari kibi, ahubwo amushimira
intambwe yateye yo kugira icyo akora. Amusaba ko niba hari icyo yavugurura kugira
ngo igihangano ke kibe kiza kurushaho yakitaho mu bikorwa byo gusiga amabara,
amarangi no gutera amarangi.
1.3. GUHANGA IBINTU AGARAGAZA IBITEKEREZO BYE
N’IMBAMUTIMA (Umwaka wa gatatu)
1.3.1. Ubushobozi bw’ingenzi bugamijwe:
Abana bazaba bashobora gushushanya inkuru no gusobanurira bagenzi babo ibyo
bashushanyije bagaragaza ibitekerezo n’imbamutima zabo.
1.3.2. Ingingo nsanganyamasomo
• Umuco w’amahoro n’indangagaciro: Isaranganya ry’ibikoresho igihe
bashushanya inkuru, basiga amabara mu byo bashushanyije ni kimwe mu
bizatuma abana bashobora kubana mu mahoro kandi buri wese abashe
kunyurwa n’ibikoresho ahawe, bityo bimwubakemo umuco wo kwihangana
agategereza abandi mu gihe akeneye guhindura ibikoresho.
• Uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye bw’ibitsina byombi: Mu bikorwa byateguwe
n’umurezi mu kwigisha gushushanya inkuru, basiga amabara mu byo
bashushanyije, kugaragaza ibitekerezo byabo n’imbamutima zabo mu
bishushanyo bakora ndetse no gusobanura inkuru bifashishije amashusho
yabo, abakobwa n’abahungu bagiramo uruhare rungana.
• Uburezi budaheza: Mu gihe abana bazaba bashushanya inkuru, basiga amabara
mu byo bashushanyije, banagaragaza ibitekerezo byabo n’imbamutima
zabo mu bishushanyo bakora ndetse no gusobanura inkuru bifashishije
amashusho yabo, buri wese mu bushobozi bwe azahabwa umwanya uhagije
kugira ngo ashobore gukoresha ibikoresho yagenewe. Umurezi agomba kwita
no kumenya umwihariko wa buri mwana mu bushobozi bwo gukora ibintu
bitandukanye kugira ngo amenye ubufasha bwihariye amugenera.
• Kwita ku bidukikije: Abana batozwa gushushanya inkuru, basiga amabara mu
byo bashushanyije, banagaragaza ibitekerezo byabo n’imbamutima zabo mu
bishushanyo bakora ndetse no gusobanura inkuru bifashishije amashusho
yabo, ahabugenewe kandi bakamenyerezwa kubungabunga ibidukikije no
kutabyangiza. Abana batozwa kandi kwandurura ibikoresho no gusukura aho
bakoreye.
1.3.3. Inama ku myigishirize y’amasomo
Mu mwaka wa gatatu w’inshuke abana benshi baba bageze mu kigero cy’imyaka
5 – 6. Mu bikorwa byinshi bakora ku rwego rwabo, baba bamaze gutera imbere mu
guhanga amashusho bashushanya. Kuri iki kigero k’imyaka kandi, abana batangira
gufashwa kumenya guhanga amashusho no kugaragaza ibitekerezo by’imbamutima
zabo. Ni byiza rero ko umurezi agomba kumenya ko ibyo abana bakora bigomba
kuba bijyanye n’urwego rwabo rw’imitekerereze n’imyaka bagezemo. Abana
bafashwa gushushanya inkuru no guhabwa umwanya wo gusobanurira abandi
ibyo yashushanyije, bahabwa umwanya wo guhanga amashusho bishakiye ariko
bagafashwa kujyana n’insanganyamatsiko igezweho. Umurezi agomba gushimira
abana ibyo bakoze nuko babisobanuriye bagenzi babo.
Isomo rya 1: Gushushanya inkuru
a. Intego y’isomo: Gushushanya inkuru no gusiga amabara mu byo bashushanyije.
b. Imfashanyigisho: impapuro, ikaramu y’igiti, amakaramu y’amabara, n’ibindi.
c. Ibitabo byifashishijwe:
• Inyoborabarezi yo mu mashuri y’inshuke;
• Igitabo cy’Ubugeni n’umuco;
• Isaranganyamasomo mu mashuri y’inshuke;
• Imfashanyigisho y’amahugurwa ku nteganyanyigisho y’uburezi bw’inshuke;
• Ibindi bitabo bifitanye isano n’ubugeni n’umuco ku mashuri y’inshuke.
d. Ibice bigize isomo
Isomo rya 2: Gusiga amabara mu nkuru yashushanyijwe no kuyisobanura
a. Intego y’isomo:
Gusiga amabara mu nkuru yashushanyije no kumenya gusobanura inkuru
yashushanyije yifashishije amashusho yayo.
b. Imfashanyigisho: ikaramu y’igiti, amakaramu y’amabara, irangi, impapuro
zikomeye, ibikoresho by’isuku: ibase cyangwa indobo, amazi, isabune, agatebo
kajyamo imyanda...
c. Ibikorwa by’imyigire n’imyigishirize:
Mu myigire n’imyigishirize yiri somo, ibikorwa bikorwa mu buryo bukurikira:
• Kwereka abana amashusho y’inkuru bashushanyije mu isomo riheruka;
• Kubabaza uko bakoze umukoro bari bahawe no kubashimira ibyo bakoze kuri
iryo somo. Ibi bigakorwa mu buryo bidatinda kugira ngo bahite batangira
isomo rishya;
• Kwereka abana amashusho y’inkuru kandi asize amabara ndetse no kubasobanurira uko basiga amabara mu nkuru bashushanyije;
• Kwicaza abana neza ku ruziga kandi mu buryo bworohera buri wese mu kwiga hagendewe ku bushobozi bwe;
• Guha abana ibikoresho bitandukanye birimo impapuro zikomeye cyangwa
amakayi (iyo ahari), amakaramu y’amabara, ibikoresho by’isuku, agatebo
kajyamo imyanda, ibishushanyo by’inkuru zitandukanye basiga amabara
kandi ari bo ubwabo babishushanyije, n’ibindi byakoreshwa mu isomo bitewe
n’ibyo ishuri rifite;
• Gusaba abana gushushanya inkuru bishakiye;
• Gusaba abana gusiga amabara atandukanye inkuru bashushanyije;
• Umurezi atanga urugero rw’uko basiga amabara mu nkuru;
• Abana basobanurira bagenzi babo ibyo bashushanyije ndetse n’uko babisize
1.3.4. Ingero z’ibikorwa bihuza uyu mutwe n’ibindi byigwa
1.3.5. Isuzumabushobozi risoza uyu mutwe
Isuzumabushobozi ry’amasomo agize uyu mutwe wo guhanga ibintu rikorwa
hibandwa cyane ku buryo umwana agaragaza ibitekerezo n’imbamutima bye.
Umwana kandi asobanura ibyo yakoze ahuza amashusho n’amabara yasize. Iri
suzumabushobozi rigenda rikorwa buhoro buhoro igihe abana bari mu gikorwa
cyo guhanga ibintu bagaragaza ibitekerezo n’imbamutima byabo aho gushingira
ku bwiza bw’ibyo bakoze. Ningombwa kwibanda ku byo umwana yakoze n’uko
ari kubikora umubaza ibibazo bimufasha kuvumbura ko hari ibitaranoga, bityo
bigatuma atekereza uko agiye kubinoza.
Umurezi asabwa kubika neza kandi ku gihe amakuru ajyanye n’ubushobozi
bw’abana bushingiye ku ntego za buri somo yigishije. Ibihangano abana bakoze
bijyanye no guhanga ibintu agaragaza ibitekerezo bye n’imbamutima, bizamurikwa
ahagaragara kuburyo abana bazajya bagereranya ibyo bakoze nibyo abandi bakoze
maze bakabyigiraho
INYIGISHO YA KABIRI KUBAKA
2.1. KUBAKA IBINTU BINYURANYE (Umwaka wa mbere)
2.1.0. Intangiriro
Mu mibereho y’abana batoya bakunda gukinisha ibintu bitandukanye babonye.
Bashimishwa no gukina bubaka ibintu bitandukanye bifashishije ibikoresho
bishakiye bakubaka ibintu bitandukanye babona aho batuye. Mu gikorwa cyo
kubaka abana baba bafite ubwisanzure bwo kugaragaza icyo batekereza ari nako
kimwogerera amahirwe yo gukura akunda ubushakashatsi, imikino yo kubaka ibintu
itandukanye, n’ibindi. Ni byiza rero ko umwana atozwa ubwo bumenyi ngiro bwo
kubaka akiri mutoya kuko binatuma ingirangingo ze z’ubwonko zibasha kwegerana
bityo bikamufasha gukura neza. Urugero: kubaka imodoka, igare, indege, umupira
wo gukina, ni bimwe mu bikorwa byo kubaka abana bakunda gukora mu buryo
bwo kwishimisha. Ibikorwa nk’ibi bimenyereza abana gukora ibikorwa bijyanye no
kubaka.
Mu mwaka wa mbere, kubaka byigwa mu masomo abiri (2)
Mu mwaka wa kabiri, kubaka byigwa mu masomo abiri (2)
Mu mwaka wa gatatu, kubaka byigwa mu masomo abiri (2)
2.1.1. Uruhererekane rw’amasomo
2.1.2. Ubushobozi bw’ingenzi bugamijwe:
Abana bazaba bashobora kubaka ibintu bitandukanye bifashishije ibikoresho
bitandukanye biri aho batuye.
2.1.3. Ingingo nsanganyamasomo
• Umuco w’amahoro n’indangagaciro: Isaranganya ry’ibikoresho igihe bubaka
ni kimwe mu bizatuma abana bashobora kubana mu mahoro kandi buri
wese abashe kunyurwa n’ibikoresho ahawe bityo bimwubakemo umuco wo
kwihangana agategereza abandi mu gihe akeneye guhindura ibikoresho byo kubaka.
• Uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye bw’ibitsina byombi: Mu bikorwa byateguwe
n’umurezi mu kwigisha kubaka ibintu bitandukanye, abakobwa n’abahungu bagiramo uruhare rungana.
• Uburezi budaheza: Mu gihe abana bazaba bubaka ibintu biba mu rugo no
guhuza amashusho abiri bakayabyaza ikintu gifatika, buri wese mu bushobozi
bwe azahabwa umwanya uhagije kugira ngo ashobore gukoresha ibikoresho
yagenewe. Umurezi agomba kwita no kumenya umwihariko wa buri mwana
mu bushobozi bwo gukora ibintu bitandukanye kugira ngo amenye ubufasha bwihariye amugenera.
• Kwita ku bidukikije: Abana batozwa kubaka ibintu biba mu rugo no guhuza
amashusho abiri bakayabyaza ikintu gifatika bakakimanika ahabugenewe.
Abana batozwa kubungabunga ibidukikije no kutabyangiza, kandi bakanatozwa kwandurura ibikoresho no gusukura aho bakoreye.
2.1.4. Inama ku myigishirize y’amasomo
Isomo rijyanye no kubaka ibintu bitandukanye abana bararikunda cyane kuko
baba babona amashusho atandukanye bose bakifuza kuyakinisha. Kubaka bituma
umwana agaragaza imbamutima ze bityo bigatuma ubwenge bwe bukanguka
hakiri kare. Murezi niba ugiye guha abana ibikinisho bijyanye no kubaka ibintu
bitandukanye, banza witegereze neza ko ibyo bikinisho biri ku rugero rw’umwana,
kuburyo umwana abasha kubiterura, kubisunika, kubikurura. Byegereze umwana
kugirango mugihe abikeneye abibone byoroshye. Mbere yo guha umwana ibikoresho
banza ubigenzure kuko byabangamira umwana igihe yubaka ibintu bitandukanye
kandi irinde kumutegeka ibyo yubaka. Reka umwana akore ibyo yitekereje noneho
umenye icyo yahisemo maze umufashe acyiteho.
Isomo rya 1: Kubaka ibintu biba mu rugo
a. Intego y’isomo: kumenya kubaka ibintu byo mu rugo.
b. Imfashanyigisho: ibikinisho by’amatafari yo kubakisha, amabuye, imifuniko
y’amacupa impapuro, umucanga, amashusho n’amafoto agaragaza abana
bubaka ibikoresho bitandukanye.
c. Ibitabo byifashishijwe:
• Inyoborabarezi yo mu mashuri y’inshuke,
• Igitabo cy’ubugeni n’umuco,
• Isaranganyamasomo mu mashuri y’inshuke,
• Ibindi bitabo byaboneka bifitanye isano n’ubugeni n’umuco.
d. Ibice by’isomo:
Isomo rya 2: Guhuza ibice bibiri by’ishusho bagakora ishusho y’ikintu runaka
a. Intego y’isomo: Kumenya guhuza ibice bibiri by’ishusho bagakora ishusho y’ikintu runaka
b. Imfashanyigisho: ubujeni bifashisha bahuza amashusho, ibikoresho by’isuku:
amazi, isabune, agatebo kajyamo imyanda n’ibindi.
c. Ibikorwa by’imyigire n’imyigishirize:
Mu myigire n’imyigishirize yiri somo, ibikorwa bikorwa mu buryo bukurikira:
• Umurezi yereka abana uko intambwe zikurikirana mu kubaka amashusho
uhereye ku bice bigize ikizima. Urugero niba ugiye kubaka inka urabanza
ubwire abana ibice bigize igishushanyo cy’inka yuzuye noneho ukagenda
ubabwira ibice bigize iyo nka hanyuma ugatangira kubereka uko bayubaka no
guhuza icice bigize ishusho yayo;
• Umurezi yereka abana ibice bibiri by’ishusho bishobora guhuzwa hakavamo ishusho y’ikintu runaka.
• Umurezi abaza abana ibyo babonye ku bice bibiri by’ishusho beretswe.
• Umurezi yicaza abana neza ku ruziga mu buryo bworohera buri wese hagendewe ku bushobozi bwe;
• Umurezi asobanurira abana uko ibice bibiri by’ishusho babihuza bikavamo ishusho y’ikintu runaka.
• Umurezi aha abana ibikoresho bitandukanye birimo ubujeni bwo guhuza
amashusho, ibikinisho by’amatafari bashobora guhuza bakavanamo ikintu
kimwe gifatika, ibice bibiri by’ishusho bashobora guhuza hakavamo ishusho
y’ikintu runaka, ibikoresho by’isuku, agatebo kajyamo imyanda, n’ibindi
byakoreshwa mu isomo bitewe n’ibyo ishuri rifite.
• Umurezi yitegereza ibikorwa bitandukanye abana bakora, anagendanda mu
ishuri atanga ubufasha bukenewe kuri buri mwana. Ibi umurezi abikora yitaye
ku mwihariko wa bri wese.
• Umurezi asaba abana guhuza ibice by’ishusho bagakuramo ishusho y’ikintu
runaka,
• Abana bahuza ibice by’ishusho bagakuramo ishusho y’ikintu runaka.
• Umurezi asaba abana gusobanura ibice by’amashusho bahuje bagakuramo ishusho y’ikintu runaka.
• Nyuma yo guhuzaibice bibiri hakavamo ashusho ishusho y’ikintu runaka, mu gikorwa cy’isuzuma, umurezi asaba abana kugaragaza uko bahuje ibyo bice bakavanamo ishusho y’ikintu runaka. Umurezi aboneraho umwanya wo gushima ibikorwa abana bakoze.
• Mu musozo w’isomo, umurezi afatanya n’abana gusukura aho bakoreye no
kubika neza ibikoresho bakoresheje kandi agafasha abana kwisukura bakaraba intoki.
2.1.5. Isuzumabushobozi risoza uyu mutwe
Isuzuma ry’amasomo agize uyu mutwe wo kubaka ibintu binyuranye rikorwa buhoro
buhoro abana bari mu gikorwa kandi hitabwa ku kureba uko bakora, muhate bafite
ndetse n’ibisobanuro batanga ku byo bakoze aho gushingira gusa ku bwiza bw’ibyo bakoze. Ni byiza rero ko umurezi agenda yitegereza ubushake umwana agenda agira
bwo gufatanya n’abandi ndetse no gusangira ibikoresho n’abandi igihe bidahagije.
Ibyo umwana agomba kubitozwa bikaba umuco.
bushingiye ku ntego za buri somo yigishije hagamijwe kureba intambwe agenda
atera mu kubaka ubushobozi bwe. Ibihangano abana bakoze bijyanye no kubaka
ibintu binyuranye, bigomba kumurikwa ahagaragara aho bahora babireba.
2.2. GUHUZA IBICE BIGIZE ISHUSHO (Umwaka wa kabiri)
2.2.1. Ubushobozi bw’ingenzi bugamijwe
Abana bazaba bashobora guhuza ibice bigize ibintu bifatika cy’amashusho y’ibintu basanzwe bazi.
2.2.2. Ingingo nsanganyamasomo
• Umuco w’amahoro n’indangagaciro: Isaranganya ry’ibikoresho igihe bazaba
bateranya ibice bigize ishusho ni kimwe mu bizatuma abana bashobora kubana mu mahoro kandi buri wese abashe kunyurwa n’ibikoresho ahawe bityo bimwubakemo umuco wo kwihangana agategereza abandi mu gihe akeneye guhindura ibikoresh
• Uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye bw’ibitsina byombi: Mu bikorwa byateguwe n’umurezi mu kwigisha guhuza ibice bigize ishusho, abakobwa n’abahungu bagiramo uruhare rungana.
• Uburezi budaheza: Mu gihe abana bazaba bateranya ibice bigize ishusho, buri wese mu bushobozi bwe azahabwa umwanya uhagije kugira ngo ashobore gukoresha ibikoresho yagenewe. Umurezi agomba kwita no kumenya umwihariko wa buri mwana mu bushobozi bwo gukora ibintu bitandukanye kugira ngo amenye ubufasha bwihariye amugenera.
• Kwita ku bidukikije: Abana batozwa guhuza ibice bigize ishusho, ahabugenewe kandi bakamenyerezwa kubungabunga ibidukikije no kutabyangiza. Abana batozwa kandi kwandurura ibikoresho no gusukura aho bakoreye.
2.2.3. Inama ku myigishirize y’amasomo
Imikino ijyanye no guteranya amashusho atandukanye abana barayikunda cyane kuko baba babona amashusho atandukanye bose bakifuza kuyakinisha. Ibi bituma umwana agaragaza imbamutima ze, bityo bigatuma ubwenge bwe bukanguka hakiri
kare. Murezi rero, niba ugiye guha abana ibikinisho bijyanye no guhuza amashusho atandukanye, banza witegereze neza ko ibyo bikinisho biri mu rugero rw’umwana bitamuremereye ku buryo umwana abasha kubiterura, kubisunika, cyangwa se
kubikurura. Byegereze umwana kugira ngo mu gihe abikeneye abibone ku buryo bumworoheye. Mbere yo guha umwana ibikoresho ariko, banza ubigenzure neza urebe niba bitamubangamira igihe ahuza amashusho.
Isomo rya 1: Guhuza ibice by’ishusho ugakora ishusho y’ikintu runaka
a. Intego y’isomo: Guhuza ibice by’ishusho ugakora ishusho y’ikintu runaka.
b. Imfashanyigisho: ubujeni bifashisha bahuza amashusho, ibikoresho by’isuku:
ibase, amazi, isabune, agatebo kajyamo imyanda, ibiti, ibyondo, amazi, imishipiri, ibirere, imisumari, isakaro, n’ibindi.
c. Ibitabo byifashishijwe:
• Inyoborabarezi yo mu mashuri y’inshuke;
• Igitabo cy’Ubugeni n’umuco;
• Isaranganyamasomo mu mashuri y’inshuke;
Isomo rya 2: Guhuza ibice by’amashusho
a. Intego y’isomo: Kumenya guhuza ibice by’amashusho y’ibintu binyuranye babona aho batuye.
b. Imfashanyigisho: Ibice by’amashusho y’ibikoresho binyuranye, ubujeni
bifashisha bahuza amashusho, ibikoresho by’isuku: ibesani, amazi, isabune, agatebo kajyamo imyanda n’ibindi.
c. Ibikorwa by’imyigire n’imyigishirize:
Mu myigire n’imyigishirize y’iri somo, ibikorwa bikorwa mu buryo bukurikira:
- Umurezi yereka abana ibice bigize amashusho atandukanye bize mu isomo
- riheruka akababaza uko bakoze umukoro akanabashimira ibyo bakoze kuri
- iryo somo ariko bigakorwa mu buryo bidatinda.
- Umurezi yereka abana ibice by’amashusho bitandukanye ndetse
- akanabagaragariza isano bifitanye hagati yabyo.
- Umurezi abaza abana ibyo babonye mu gihe barebaga ibice by’amashusho
- bitandukanye.
- Umurezi yicaza abana neza ku ruziga ndetse mu buryo bworohera buri wese
- hagendewe ku bushobozi bwe;
- • Umurezi aha abana ibikoresho bitandukanye, birimo; ibiti, ibyondo, amazi,
- imishipiri, ibirere, imisumari, isakaro, ibikoresho by’isuku agatebo kajyamo
- imyanda ndetse utibagiwe n’ibice by’ibishushanyo bitandukanye. n’ibindi
- byakoreshwa mu isomo bitewe n’ibyo ishuri rifite;
- Umurezi asaba abana guhuza ibice by’amashusho y’ibintu binyuranye babona
- aho batuye, nyuma yaho basobanura ibice by’amashusho bahuje kugira ngo
- bakore amashusho ibintu runaka babona aho batuye.
- Umurezi yitegereza ibikorwa bitandukanye abana bakora, agenda atanga
- ubufasha aho biri ngombwa akurikije umwihariko wa buri mwana;
- • Nyuma yo guhuza ibice by’amashusho y’ibintu binyuranye babona aho batuye
- mu gikorwa cy’isuzuma, umurezi asaba abana kugaragaza uko bateranyije
- amashusho, maze agushima ibikorwa abana bakoze;
- Mu musozo w’isomo, umurezi afatanya n’abana gusukura aho bakoreye,
- bakabika neza ibikoresho bakoresheje akanafasha abana kwisukura bakaraba intoki.
2.2.4. Ingero z’ibikorwa bihuza uyu mutwe n’ibindi byigwa
2.2.5. Isuzumabushobozi risoza uyu mutwe
Umurezi agomba kwibuka ko isuzuma ry’amasomo agize uyu mutwe wo guhuza ibice bigize ishusho, hitabwa ku kureba ukuntu umwana asobanura ibyo yakoze ahuza amashusho n’amabara yasize. Ibi bigakorwa buhoro buhoro abana bari mu
gikorwa aho gushingira gusa ku bwiza bw’ibyo yakoze. Ni ngombwa rero kureba ibyo umwana yakoze n’uko abikora. Umurezi agomba kumubaza ibibazo bimufasha kuvumbura ko hari ibitaranoga bityo bigatuma atekereza uko agiye kubinoza.
Umurezi asabwa kubika neza kandi ku gihe amakuru ajyanye n’ubushobozi bw’abana bushingiye ku ntego za buri somo yigishije. Ibi bikazamufasha kureba uko umwana agenda atera intambwe mu kubaka ubushobozi bwo guhuza amashusho.
Ibihangano abana bakoze bijyanye no guhanga ibintu bigaragaza ibitekerezo n’imbamutima byabo bizamurikwa ahagaragara ku buryo abana bazajya bagereranya ibyo bakoze n’ibyo abandi bakoze maze bakabyigiraho.
2.3. KUBAKA AFITE INTEGO (Umwaka wa gatatu)
2.3.1. Ubushobozi bw’ingenzi bugamijwe
Abana bazaba bashobora kubaka ibintu binyuranye bihimbiye mu mutwe bijyana n’ ibyo babona.
2.3.2. Ingingo nsanganyamasomo
- • Umuco w’amahoro n’indangagaciro: Isaranganya ry’ibikoresho bazaba bakoresha bubaka ibintu binyuranye bihimbiye ni kimwe mu bizatuma abana bashobora kubana mu mahoro kandi buri wese abashe kunyurwa n’ibikoresho ahawe bityo bimwubakemo umuco wo kwihangana agategereza abandi mu gihe akeneye guhindura ibikoresho.
- Uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye bw’ibitsina byombi: Mu bikorwa byateguwe n’umurezi mu kwigisha kubaka ibintu binyuranye bihimbiye, abakobwa n’abahungu bagiramo uruhare rungana.
- Uburezi budaheza: Mu gihe abana bazaba bubaka ibintu bitandukanye bihimbiye, buri wese mu bushobozi bwe azahabwa umwanya uhagije kugira ngo ashobore gukoresha ibikoresho yagenewe. Umurezi agomba kwita no kumenya umwihariko wa buri mwana mu bushobozi bwo kubaka ibintu bitandukanye kugira ngo amenye ubufasha bwihariye amugenera.
- Kwita ku bidukikije: Abana batozwa kubaka ibintu bitandukanye bihimbiye, ahabugenewe kandi bakamenyerezwa kubungabunga ibidukikije no kutabyangiza. Abana batozwa kandi kwandurura ibikoresho no gusukura aho bakoreye.
2.3.3. Inama ku myigishirize y’isomo
Imikino ijyanye no kubaka ibintu bitandukanye ku mwana ni ingirakamaro cyane kuko ituma ubwenge bwe bukanguka hakiri kare. Murezi rero, niba ugiye guha abana ibikinisho bijyanye no kubaka, banza witegereze neza ko ibyo bikinisho biri
mu rugero rwabo bitabaremereye ku buryo abana babasha kubiterura, kubisunika, kubikurura byegereze abana kugira ngo mu gihe babikeneye babibone byoroshye, kandi urebe ko ibyo bikoresho ubahaye bitamurika cyane cyangwa bishashagirana.
Ibyo byose mbere yo guha abana ibikoresho banza ubigenzure kuko byabangamira abana igihe bubaka bafite intego.
Isomo rya 1: Guteranya amashusho yakaswemo uduce ku buryo bitanga ishusho
a. Intego y’isomo: kumenya gukata uduce dutandukanye mu ishusho yuzuye no kongera guteranya utwo duce tukabyara ishusho.
a. Imfashanyigisho: ubujeni bifashisha bahuza amashusho, ibikoresho by’isuku: ibesani, amazi, isabune, agatebo kajyamo imyanda icupa rya pulasitiki, amashusho y’ikirayi, aya karoti na y’ ikijumba
b. Ibitabo byifashishijwe:
- • Inyoborabarezi yo mu mashuri y’inshuke,
- • Igitabo cy’Ubugeni n’umuco,
- • Isaranganyamasomo mu mashuri y’inshuke
c. Ibice by’isomo:
Isomo rya 2: Kubaka ibikoresho byo mu rugo ahereye ku byo yihimbiye
a. Intego y’isomo: Kumenya kubaka ibikoresho byo mu rugo ahereye ku byo yihimbiye.
b. Imfashanyigisho: Ibikinisho by’amatafari, amacupa, ibirere, umucanga, amabuye, impapuro.
c. Ibikorwa by’imyigire n’imyigishirize:
Mu myigire n’imyigishirize yiri somo, ibikorwa bikorwa mu buryo bukurikira:
- Umurezi yereka abana amashusho ariho ibikoresho byo mu rugo, baba barize mu isomo riheruka no kubabaza uko bakoze umukoro akanabashimira ibyo bakoze kuri iryo somo ariko bigakorwa mu buryo bidatinda;
- Umurezi yereka abana amashusho manini atandukanye agaragaza ibikoreshobbyo mu rugo;
- Umurezi abaza abana ibyo babonye mu gihe barebaga amashusho manini atandukanye agaragaza ibikoresho byo mu rugo;
- • Umurezi yicaza abana neza ku ruziga ndetse mu buryo bworohera buri wese hagendewe ku bushobozi bwe;
- • Umurezi aha abana ibikoresho bitandukanye birimo ibiti, ibyondo, amazi, imishipiri, ibirere, imisumari, isakaro, ibikoresho by’isuku agatebo kajyamo imyanda ndetse utibagiwe n’ibice by’ibishushanyo bitandukanye. n’ibindi byakoreshwa mu isomo bitewe n’ibyo ishuri rifite;
- Umurezi asaba abana kubaka ibikoresho byo mu rugo ahereye ku byo yihimbiye, nyuma yaho, buri mwana asobanura ibikoresho yubatse;
- Umurezi yitegereza ibikorwa bitandukanye abana bakora ari na ko atanga ubufasha aho biri ngombwa ku mwihariko wa buri mwana;
- Nyuma yo kubaka ibikoresho byo mu rugo biboneka aho batuye ahereye ku byo yihimbiye, mu gikorwa cy’isuzuma, umurezi asaba abana kugaragaza uko bubatse ibyo bikoresho;
- Umurezi aboneraho umwanya wo gushima ibikorwa abana bakoze;
- Mu musozo w’isomo, umurezi afatanya n’abana gusukura aho bakoreye no kubika neza ibikoresho bakoresheje no gufasha abana kwisukura bakaraba intoki.
2.3.4. Ingero z’ibikorwa bihuza uyu mutwe n’ibindi byigwa
2.3.5. Isuzumabushobozi risoza uyu mutwe
Isuzuma ry’amasomo agize uyu mutwe wo kubaka afite intego (iforomo) rikorwa buhoro buhoro abana bari mu gikorwa kandi hitabwa ku kureba uko bakora n’ibisobanuro batanga ku byo bakoze aho gushingira gusa ku bwiza bw’ibyo bakoze.
Umurezi asabwa kubika neza kandi ku gihe amakuru ajyanye n’ubushobozi bw’abana bushingiye ku ntego za buri somo yigishije. Ibihangano abana bakoze bijyanye no kubaka, bizamurikwa ahagaragara ku buryo abana bazajya bagereranya ibyo bakoze n’ibyo abandi bakoze
Umurezi yirinda kuvuga ko igihangano cy’umwana ari kibi; ahubwo amushimira intambwe yateye yo kugira icyo akora ari nako amusaba kureba niba hari icyo yavugurura kugira ngo bibe byiza kurushaho.
INYIGISHO YA GATATU KUBUMBA
3.0. Intangiriro
Mu mibereho y’abana batoya, bakunda gukinisha ibintu bitandukanye bahuye na byo. Abana bashimishwa no gukinisha ibumba aho barifata bakabumba ibintu bitandukanye babona aho batuye. Igikorwa cyo kubumba giha abana ubwisanzure
bwo kugaragaza icyo batekereza ku bibakikije bakabigaragaza binyuze mu byo babumbye. Igikorwa cyo kubumba kandi giha umwana amahirwe yo gukura akunda gukora ubushakashatsi igihe yahawe amahirwe akiri mutoya yo kumureka akabumba ibyo yitekerereje. Byongeye kandi, igikorwa cyo kubumba giha amahirwe umwana yo gukoresha amaboko yombi bityo bikanatuma akura ibice by’ubwonko (ik’iburyo n’ik’ibumoso) bigakora neza.
Mu mwaka wa mbere n’uwa kabiri, kubumba byigwa mu masomo abiri (2) muri buri mwaka, mu gihe mu mwaka wa gatatu kubumba byigwa mu masomo ane (4)
3.0.1. Uruhererekane rw’amasomo
3.1. KUBUMBA AMASHUSHO YOROHEJE (Umwaka wa mbere)
3.1.1. Ubushobozi bw’ingenzi bugamijwe
Abana bazaba bashobora kubumba ibintu bifite intego (iforomo) zoroheje bigana
ibintu babona aho batuye no gusobanurira abandi icyo babumbye.
3.1.2. Ingingo nsanganyamasomo.
- Uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye bw’ibitsina byombi: Mu bikorwa byateguwen’umurezi mu kwigisha kubumba abakobwa n’abahungu bagiramo uruhare rungana.
- Uburezi budaheza: Mu gihe abana bazaba babumba, buri wese mu bushobozibwe, azahabwa umwanya uhagije kugira ngo ashobore gukoresha ibikoresho yagenewe. Umurezi yita kuri buri mwana wese agatanga ubufasha bukenewe
- Kwita ku bidukikije: Abana batozwa kubumbira ahabugenewe kandi bakamenyerezwa kubungabunga ibidukikije no kutabyangiza. Abana batozwa kandi kwandurura ibikoresho no gusukura aho bakoreye.
3.1.3. Inama ku myigishirize y’amasomo.
Mu gihe umurezi ategura ibumba, imonyi cyangwa inombe byo guha abana kugira ngo babumbe agomba kureba neza niba nta bintu byakomeretsa umwana igihe arimo gukata ibumba akabikuramo. Muri ibyo dusangamo: ibintu bikoze mu byuma bishobora gusharura uruhu. Igihe byabaye ngombwa ko mu gikorwa cyo kubumba hifashishwa ibumba rya kizungu ni ngombwa ko umurezi yibuka kongera kubika neza ibumba risigaye ritari gukoreshwa akanabikora igihe abana basoje igikorwa cyo kubumba yirinda ko ryatakaza ubuhehere kuko uko ributakaza rigenda ryangirika kandi bakarikoresheje inshuro nyinshi
Umurezi mu gihe ari kwigisha kubumba abana bo mu mwaka wa mbere agomba kubibutsa ko ntawemerewe gutamira ibumba igihe abumba. Umurezi igihe abana bari gukora igikorwa agomba kugera kuri buri mwana akareba uko arimo gukora igikorwa akamuha ubufasha cyangwa inama aho zikenewe. Umurezi agomba kwibuka ko abana bishima iyo ibyo barangije kubumba babibona babyanitse ku zuba kugira ngo bikomere. Biba akarusho iyo banabisize amarangi ibishobora gusigwa kuko bashimishwa no kubona ibintu bitatse mu mabara yabyo ku buryo bwa kamere.
Isomo rya 1: Kubumba ahereye ku ntego (iforomo) zoreheje
- a. Intego y’isomo: Kubumba ibintu bihitiyemo bakoresheje intego(iforomo)
- b. Imfashanyigisho: ibumba, igitaka cy’inombe, igitaka cy’imonyi, ibumba rya kizungu, ivaze, akabindi, ishyiga, amazi, igikarito, urubaho.
c. Ibitabo byifashishijwe:
- Inyoborabarezi yo mu mashuri y’inshuke,
- Igitabo cy’Ubugeni n’umuco,
- Isaranganyamasomo mu mashuri y’inshuke,
- Ibindi bitabo bifitanye isano n’ubugeni n’umuco ku mashuri y’inshuke
Iri somo rya 2: Kubumba ibintu bitandukanye rizigishwa kimwe n’isomo
rya 1: Kubumba ahereye ku maforomo yoroheje.
3.1.4. Ingero z’ibikorwa bihuza uyu mutwe n’ibindi byigwa
3.1.5. Isuzumabushobozi risoza uyu mutwe:
Umurezi agomba kwibuka ko isuzuma ry’amasomo agize uyu mutwe wo kubumba amashusho yoroheje rikorwa buhoro buhoro abana bari mugikorwa kandi hitabwa kureba uko bakora nibisobanuro batanga ku byo bakoze aho gushingira gusa ku bwiza bw’ibyo bakoze. Umurezi yita kureba ubushake n’amatsiko umwana agira bwo gufata ibikoresho byo kubumba akabibumbamo ibintu bitandukanye.
Umurezi asabwa kubika neza kandi ku gihe amakuru ajyanye n’ubushobozi bw’abana bushingiye ku ntego za buri somo yigishije. Ibihangano abana bakoze bijyanye no kubumba amashusho yoroheje, bizamurikwa ahagaragara aho bahora babireba.
Abana bagende bigira ku bihangano bya bagenzi babo.
3.2. KUBUMBA IBINTU BITANDUKANYE (Umwaka wa kabiri)
3.2.1. Ubushobozi bw’ingenzi bugamijwe
Abana bazaba bashobora kubumba ibintu babona aho batuye no kuvuga kubyo babumbye.
3.2.2. Ingingo nsanganyamasomo.
- Uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye bw’ibitsina byombi: Mu bikorwa byateguwe n’umurezi mu kwigisha kubumba, abakobwa n’abahungu bagiramo uruhare rungana.
- Uburezi budaheza: Mu gihe abana bazaba babumba, buri wese mu bushobozi bwe, azahabwa umwanya uhagije kugira ngo ashobore gukoresha ibikoresho yagenewe. Umurezi yita kuri buri mwana wese agaha buri mwana ubufashakeneye.
- • Kwita ku bidukikije: Abana batozwa kubumbira ahabugenewe kandi bakamenyerezwa kubungabunga ibidukikije no kutabyangiza. Abana batozwa kandi kwandurura ibikoresho no gusukura aho bakoreye.
3.2.3. Inama ku myigishirize y’amasomo.
Umurezi igihe azaba yigisha iri somo ryo kubumba, ni ngombwa gusaba abana kubumba ibintu bagengedeye ku nsanganyamatsiko y’icyumweru. Ibi kandi bigakorwa yibutsa abana ko ari bo bahitamo icyo babumba kijyanye n’iyo
nsanganyamatsiko.
Isomo rya 1: Kubumba ibintu bitandukanye bijyanye n’insanganyamatsiko bagezeho
a. Intego y’isomo: Kubumba ibintu bitandukanye babireba cyangwa batabireba.
b. Imfashanyigisho: ibumba, igitaka cy’inombe, igitaka cy’imonyi, ibumba rya kizungu, ivaze, akabindi, ishyiga, amazi, igikarito, urubaho n’ibindi.
c. Ibitabo byifashishijwe:
- Inyoborabarezi yo mu mashuri y’inshuke,
- Igitabo cy’Ubugeni n’umuco,
- Ibindi bitabo bifitanye isano n’ubugeni n’umuco ku mashuri y’inshuke
Isomo rya 2: Kubumba bakora amashusho y’imibare ndetse n’inyuguti
a. Intego y’isomo: Kubumba ibintu bitandukanye babireba cyangwa batabireba
b. Imfashanyigisho: Ibumba, igitaka k’inombe, imonyi, amazi, ibesani, igikarito, urubaho n’ibindi.
c. Ibikorwa by’imyigire n’imyigishirize:
- Guha abana amakarita matoya ariho imibare n’inyuguti zitandukanye ukabasaba kuzitegereza;
- Umurezi ha abana inyuguti n’imibare bibumbye akabasaba kuvuga ibihuye n’ibyo bafite ku dukarita;
- Abana bavuga imibare cyangwa inyuguti bisa n’ibyabumbwe;
- Umuerezi asaba buri mwana kwegera umurezi akabaha urugero rwo kubumba imibare cyangwa inyuguti;
- Umurezi aha abana ibikoresho byo kubumba;
- Abana batangira kubumba imibare iri hagati ya 1 ni 10 cyangwa inyuguti eshanu z’ibanze;
- Umurezi yegera abana igihe bari kubumba akitegereza uko babumba agatanga inama igihe abana bazikeneye;
- Abana basobanura imibare n’inyuguti babumbye barangiza bakabyanika kugira ngo bikomere;
- Umurezi afatanyije n’abana bashimira buri mwana wese ku nyuguti cyangwa imibare babumbye;
- Umurezi asoza asaba abana kuzabumba imibare igihe bageze mu rugo bakazazana ibyo bakoze mu cyumweru gikurikira.
3.2.4. Ingero z’ibikorwa bihuza uyu mutwe n’ibindi byigwa
3.2.5. Isuzumabushobozi risoza uyu mutwe:
Umurezi agomba kwibuka ko isuzuma ry’amasomo agize uyu mutwe wo kubumba ibintu bitandukanye rikorwa buhoro buhoro abana bari mugikorwa kandi hitabwa kureba uko babumba nibisobanuro batanga ku byo babumbye aho gushingira kubwiza gusa bw’ibyo yabumbye.
Umurezi asabwa kubika neza kandi ku gihe amakuru ajyanye n’ubushobozi bw’abana bushingiye ku ntego za buri somo yigishije. Umurezi yirinda kuvuga ko igihangano cyumwana ko ari kibi ahubwo amushimira intambwe yateye yo kugira icyo akora akamusa niba hari icyo yavugurura kugirango bibe byiza kurushaho
3.3. KUBUMBA IBINTU BATEKEREJE BIBONEKA AHO BATUYE (Umwaka wa gatatu)
3.3.1. Ubushobozi bw’ingenzi bugamijwe
Abana bazaba bashobora kubumba ibintu basanzwe bazi ariko batabireba kandi bakaba bashobora gusobanurira abandi icyo babumbye.
3.3.2. Ingingo nsanganyamasomo.
Uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye bw’ibitsina byombi: Mu bikorwa byateguwe n’umurezi mu kwigisha kubumba abakobwa n’abahungu bagiramo uruhare rungana.
Uburezi budaheza: Mu gihe abana bazaba babumba cyangwa, buri wese mu
bushobozi bwe azahabwa umwanya uhagije kugira ngo ashobore gukoresha ibikoresho yagenewe. Umurezi yita kuri buri mwana wese agatanga ubufasha mwana ubukeneye.
Kwita ku bidukikije: Abana batozwa kubumbira ahabugenewe kandi bakamenyerezwa kubungabunga ibidukikije no kutabyangiza. Abana batozwa kandi kwandurura ibikoresho no gusukura aho bakoreye.
3.3.3. Inama ku myigishirize y’amasomo.
Umurezi wigisha isomo ryo kubumba mu mwaka wa gatatu agomba guha abana uburenganzira bwo kugaragaza ubuhanga bwabo binyuze mu kubareka bakihitiramo icyo babumba, icyo bakibumbamo, ndetse n’uburyo bakibumba. Ibi bibazamurira
ubushobozi bwo guhanga udushya. Iyo abana babumba ibintu mu mibyimba ifatika, umurezi yibanda mu gufasha umwana kugira ubushobozi bwo kubumba ibice binini by’ingenzi bigize umwimerere w’icyo abumba. Urugero: nk’igihe umwana arimo
kubumba umuntu, umurezi agomba gufasha umwana areba niba yibutse gushyiraho ibice by’ingezi bigize umubiri w’umuntu; urugero: umutwe, igihimba, amaguru n’amaboko. Ikiba kigamijwe muri iri somo ni ukubaka mu mwana ubushobozi bwo
kuvumbura ibice binini bigize ikintu, kubera ko ubushobozi bwokubumba ibice bito by’ikintu bwiyongera uko umuntu agenda akura.
Isomo rya 1: Kubumba ibintu batekereje
a. Intego y’isomo: Kubumba ibintu bitandukanye batekereje
b. Imfashanyigisho: ibumba, igitaka cy’inombe, igitaka cy’imonyi, ibumba rya kizungu, ivaze, akabindi, ishyiga, amazi, igikarito, urubaho…
c. Ibitabo byifashishijwe:
- Inyoborabarezi yo mu mashuri y’inshuke,
- Igitabo cy’Ubugeni n’umuco,
- Ibindi bitabo bifitanye isano n’ubugeni n’umuco ku mashuri y’inshuke
Isomo rya 2: Kubumba umuntu
a. Intego y’isomo: Kubumba umuntu bakoresheje ibikoresho bitandukanye.
b. Imfashanyigisho: Ibumba, igitaka cy’inombe, imonyi, amazi, ibesani, igikarito, urubaho, ifoto yerekana ibice by’umubiri w’umuntu.
c. Ibikorwa by’imyigire n’imyigishirize
- Umurezi abaza abana ibice by’ingenzi bigize umubiri w’umuntu;
- Abana bavuga ibice by’ingenzi bigize umubiri w’umuntu
- Umurezi asaba abana kwitegereza ishusho yabumbye akababaza niba ifite
- ibice by’ingezi bigize umubiri w’umuntu maze bagasubiza uko babibona;
- Umurezi aha abana ibikoresho bikubiyemo ibumba, igitaka k’inombe, imonyi,
- amazi, ibesani, igikarito, urubaho abana bagahitamo ibyo bakoresha babumba umuntu;
- Abana batangira igikorwa cyo kubumba umuntu bakabikora uko babitekereza;
- Mu gihe abana bari mugikorwa cyo kubumba, umurezi asabwa kugera aho
- buri mwana ari kubumbira akareba uko abikora kugirango amenye ubufasha umwana akeneye;
- Abana bahabwa umwanya wo kumurika ibyo babumbye barangiza bakanikakuzuba ibyo babumbye kugirango bikomere;
- Mu gusoza umurezi asaba abana kwegeranya ibikoresho bakoreshaga bakabikorera isuku barangiza bagakaraba intoki bakoresheje amazi n’isabune;
Isomo rya 3: Kubumba abagize umuryango mugari
a. Intego y’isomo: Kubumba abagize umuryango mugari bakoresheje ibikoresho bitandukanye.
b. Imfashanyigisho: Ibumba, igitaka cy’inombe, imonyi, amazi, ibesani, igikarito, urubaho, ifoto yerekana ibice by’umubiri w’umuntu.
c. Ibikorwa by’imyigire n’imyigishirize
- Umurezi abaza abana abagize umuryango mugari
- Abana bavuga abagize umuryango mugari
- Umurezi abwira abana ko bagiye kubumba abagize umuryango
- Umurezi aha abana ibikoresho bikubiyemo ibumba, igitaka k’inombe, imonyi, amazi, ibase, igikarito, urubaho abana bagahitamo ibyo bakoresha babumba abagize umuryango mugari
- Abana batangira igikorwa cyo kubumba abagize umuryango mugari bakabikora uko babitekereza;
- Mu gihe abana bari mugikorwa cyo kubumba, umurezi asabwa kugera aho buri mwana ari kubumbira akareba uko abikora kugirango amenye ubufasha umwana akeneye;
- Abana bahabwa umwanya wo kumurika ibyo babumbye barangiza bakabyanika kuzuba kugira ngo bikomere;
- Umurezi ashimira abana ku byo bakoze;
- Mu gusoza umurezi asaba abana kwegeranya ibikoresho bakoreshaga bakabikorera isuku barangiza bagakaraba intoki bakoresheje amazi n’isabune;
Isomo rya 4: Kubumba ibikoresho byo mu rugo no kubisobanura
a. Intego y’isomo: Kubumba ibikoresho byo mu rugo no kubisobanura bakoresheje ibikoresho bitandukanye.
b. Imfashanyigisho: Ibumba, igitaka cy’inombe, imonyi, amazi, ibesani, igikarito, urubaho, isafuriya, ibase, ifoto yerekana ibikoresho bimwe byo murugo.
c. Ibikorwa by’imyigire n’imyigishirize
- Umurezi abaza abana ibikoresho byo murugo bazi
- Abana bavuga ibikoresho byo murugo biboneka aho batuye
- Umurezi abwira abana ko bagiye kubumba ibikoresho byo mu gikoni biboneka aho batuye.
- Umurezi aha abana ibikoresho bikubiyemo ibumba, igitaka k’inombe, imonyi, amazi, ibesani, igikarito, urubaho abana bagahitamo ibyo bakoresha babumba ibikoresho byo murugo;
- Abana batangira igikorwa cyo kubumba ibikoresho byo murugo uko babitekereza;
- Mugihe abana bari mugikorwa cyo kubumba, umurezi asabwa kugera aho buri mwana ari kubumbira akareba uko abikora kugira ngo amenye ubufasha buri mwana akeneye;
- Abana bahabwa umwanya wo kumurika ibyo babumbye barangiza bakabyanika kuzuba kugirango bikomere;
- Umurezi ashimira abana kubyo bakoze ;
- Umurezi asoza isomo asaba abana kwegeranya ibikoresho bakoreshaga bakabikorera isuku barangiza bagakaraba intoki bakoresheje amazi n’isabune
3.3.4. Ingero z’ibikorwa bihuza uyu mutwe n’ibindi byigwa
3.3.5. Isuzumabushobozi risoza uyu mutwe:
Umurezi agomba kwibuka ko isuzuma ry’amasomo agize uyu mutwe wo kubumba ibintu batekereje biboneka aho batuye cyane hitabwa k’untu asobanura ibyo yabumbye ibi bigakorwa buhoro buhoro abana bari mugikorwa aho gushingira gusa ku bwiza bw’ibyo babumbye. Ni ngombwa bubaza umwana ibyo yakoze n’uko ari kubikora wita ku kumubaza ibibazo bimufasha kuvumbura ko hari ibitaranoga bityo bigatuma atekereza uko agiye kubinoza. Umurezi asuzuma ubushake by’umwana mu gukurikirana kwanika no kwanura ibyo yabumbye kugeza ubwo byumye neza.
Umurezi asabwa kubika neza kandi ku gihe amakuru ajyanye n’ubushobozi bw’abana bushingiye ku ntego za buri somo yigishije.
Ibihangano abana bakoze bijyanye no kubumba, bizamurikwa ahagaragara ku buryo abana bazajya bagereranya ibyo babumbye n’ibyo abandi bakoze maze bakabyigiraho.
INYIGISHO YA KANE :UBUKORIKORI
4.0. Intangiriro
Inyigisho y’Ubukorikori ishingiye ku bumenyingiro isaba cyane abana gukorabibikorwa bitandukanye. Mu myigire ishingiye ku bushobozi, abana bagomba guhabwa umwanya uhagije mu myigire yabo kugira ngo bakore ibintu bitandukanye.
Umurezi ahera ku byo abana basanzwe bazi kandi bafitiye ubushobozi, akabafasha kuvumbura ibindi bagendeye cyane ku mikino bagira hagati yabo. Ikigamijwe ni ukugera ku bikoresho byo mu bukorikori baba babasha kwikorera nko kubanga imipira, kuboha imigozi, imitako yo mu ndodo, imitako yo mu birere, imodoka, inzu, ibipupe (bikozwe mu myenda), amadarubindi, ingofero, n’ibindi.
Gukora no gukoresha ibikoresho byo mu bukorikori biri mu bizamura iterambere ry’umwana mu nguni zose z’ubuzima bwe. Aha twavuga nko mu mitekerereze, ubushobozi mu ndimi, gukura neza mu ngingo z’umubiri, mu mibanire n’abandi no mu kugaragaza amarangamutima. Niyo mpamvu umurezi agomba gufasha abana gukora ibikoresho byo mu bukorikori no kubikoresha neza kandi ikigero k’imyaka y’abana n’ubushobozi bwabo bikitabwaho cyane.
Mu mwaka wa mbere, ubukorikori bwigwa mu isomo rimwe gusa (1), Mu mwaka wa kabiri ndetse no mu wa gatatu, ubukorikori bugabanyijemo amasomo ane (4) muri buri mwaka.
4.0.1. Uruhererekane rw’amasomo
4.1. IBIKORESHO BIVA MU BUKORIKORI (Umwaka wa mbere)
4.1.1. Ubushobozi bw’ingenzi bugamijwe
Abana bazaba bashobora kuvuga ibikoresho biva mu bukorikori bakunze kubona
bagaragaza ibyo babona, ubwiza ndetse n’akamaro kabyo.
4.1.2. Ingingo nsanganyamasomo:
- Uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye bw’ibitsina byombi: Mu bikorwa byateguwe n’umurezi mu kwigisha ibikoresho biva mu bukorikori, abakobwa n’abahungu bagiramo uruhare rungana.
- Uburezi budaheza: Mu gihe abana bazaba bakinisha ibikoresho biva mu bukorikori, buri wese mu bushobozi bwe azahabwa umwanya uhagije kugira ngo ashobore gukoresha ibikoresho yagenewe. Umurezi yemerera abana guhagarara no kwicara aho biborohera kubona no kumva neza. Abaha kandi n’umwanya uhagije ngo bakoreshe ibyo bikoresho bitandukanye.
- Kwita ku bidukikije: ibikoresho byinshi biva mu bukorikori bikorwa n’ibintu bituruka mu bidukikije. Abana batozwa kubikinishiriza ahabugenewe kandi bakamenyerezwa kubungabunga ibidukikije no kutabyangiza. Byongeye, abana batozwa kwandurura ibikoresho no gusukura aho bakoreye.
4.1.3. Inama ku myigishirize y’isomo
Ibikoresho biva mu bukorikori byibitsemo ubushobozi ntagereranywa bwo gukangura ubwenge bw’umwana. Umwana wo mu mwaka wa mbere w’amashuri y’inshuke aba akeneye gukundishwa ishuri cyane, birumvikana ko yabifashwamo n’umurezi we, akabikora amugenera ibikoresho byinshi byavuye mu bukorikori kugira ngo abikinishe akoresha amaboko yombi, bityo bimufashe kuzamura ubushobozi bw’ubwonko bwe. Nk’uko ubwonko bufite ibice bibiri: ik’ibumoso n’ik’iburyo, iyo umwana (n’undi muntu wese) akoresheje akaboko k’ibumuso (nk’urugero nko kwandika), igice cy’ubwonko ke k’iburyo kiba gikora gitera imbere,iyo yandikishije akaboko k’iburyo, igice cy’ubwonko ke k’ibumoso kiba gikora gitera imbere, birumvikana ko rero ibikinisho byinshi byakozwe mu bukorikori bituma abana bakoresha ibice byabo byombi (ik’ibumuso n’ik’uburyo), bityo ubwonkobwose bugatera imbere.
Ikibandwaho muri uyu mwaka nk’ abana bafite hagati y’imyaka 3-4, ni ugutegura ibikinisho biri ku rwego rwabo bagafashwa kumenya amazina yabyo n’akamaro kabyo.
Isomo rya 1: Ibikoresho biva mu bukorikori
a. Intego y’isomo: Gusesengura no gutandukanya ibikoresho byo mu bukorikori agaragaza akamaro n’ubwiza abibonamo
b. Imfashanyigisho: ibikoresho biva mu bukorikori: imipira ibanze mu birere, umugozi wo gusimbuka, ikiziriko, igiseke, umusambi (soma umusaambi), inkoko (soma inkooko)/ intara, imodoka yo mu bikenyeri, ingofero yo mu bikenyeri,
amadarubindi mu bikenyeri, igikinisho cya terefone, igikinisho cya radiyo, inzu ikozwe mu bikarito, imidoka mu kajerekani n’ibindi.
c. Ibitabo byifashishijwe:
- Inyoborabarezi yo mu mashuri y’inshuke,
- Igitabo cy’Ubugeni n’umuco,
- Isaranganyamasomo mu mashuri y’inshuke,
- Ibindi bitabo bifitanye isano n’ubugeni n’umuco ku mashuri y’inshuke
4.1.4. Ingero z’ibikorwa bihuza uyu mutwe n’ibindi byigwa
4.1.5. Isuzumabushobozi risoza uyu mutwe:
Umurezi agomba kwibuka ko isuzuma ry’amasomo agize uyu mutwe w’ibikoresho biva mu bukorikori rikorwa buhoro buhoro igihe abana bari kuvuga amazina y’ibikoresho, bari kubitandukanya nibindi rikorwa kandi binyuze mukiganiro
umurezi agirana n’umwana amubaza ibibazo kubikoresho biva mubukorikori yibanda kumubaza uko bikoze n’ibyo gikozwemo. Aha, ibisubizo umwana agenda atanga byerekana intambwe umwana agenda atera mukumenya ibikoresho biva
mubukorikori. Ikiganiro umurezi agirana n’umwana kigomba no kuba kimufasha kumenya ibyo atarazi.
4.2. GUHANGA IBIKORESHO CYANGWA IBIKINISHO (Umwaka wa kabiri)
4.2.1. Ubushobozi bw’ingenzi bugamijwe
Abana bazaba babasha guhanga ibikoresho byo mu bukorikori bifashishije bumwe mu buryo bworoheje.
4.2.2. Ingingo nsanganyamasomo
- Uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye bw’ibitsina byombi: Mu bikorwa byateguwe n’umurezi mu kwigisha guhanga ibikoresho cyangwa ibikinisho biva mu bukorikori, abakobwa n’abahungu bagiramo uruhare rungana.
- Uburezi budaheza: Mu gihe abana bazaba bahanga ibikoresho cyangwa ibikinisho biva mu bukorikori, buri wese mu bushobozi bwe azahabwa umwanya uhagije kugira ngo ashobore gukoresha no guhanga ibikoresho bishya yagenewe. Umurezi yemerera abana guhagarara no kwicara aho biborohera kubona no kumva neza, abaha n’umwanya uhagije ngo bakoreshe ibyo bikoresho bitandukanye.
- Kwita ku bidukikije: ibikoresho byinshi biva mu bukorikori bikorwa n’ibintu bituruka mu bidukikije, abana bamenyerezwa kubungabunga ibidukikije no kutabyangiza cyanecyane iyo bari guhanga ibikoresho n’ibikinisho bishyashya.Abana batozwa kandi kwandurura ibikoresho no gusukura aho bakoreye.
- Umuco w’amahoro n’indangagaciro: mu gihe abana basaranganya ibikoresho bahanga ibikoresho cyangwa ibikinisho biva mu bukorikori baba bazamura
- imibanire myiza hagatiyabo. Ibi kandi bigakorwa mu mahoro.
4.2.3. Inama ku myigishirize y’isomo.
Guhanga ibikoresho byo mu bukorikori bifashishije bumwe mu buryo bworoheje ni kimwe mu bikorwa bifasha abana kuko bamenya kwikorera ibikoresho n’ibikinisho byo gukinisha. Ibi bizamura byinshi ku mitekerereze n’ubwenge by’abana nk’uko
byagaragajwe mu mwaka wa mbere. Umurezi agomba gufasha abana by’umwihariko mu gikorwa cyo guhanga ibikoresho n’ibikinisho biva mu bukorikori byoroheje kuko aba bana abenshi baba mu kigero cy’imyaka 4 - 5.
Ikibandwaho muri uyu mwaka wa kabiri, ni uguhanga ibikoresho n’ibikinisho bitandukanye biva mu bukorikori. Aha ibyinshi bibikwa mu nguni y’ubugeni bakabikoresha mu mikino yabo itandukanye.
Isomo rya 1: Kubanga umupira
a. Intego y’isomo: kubanga umupira bakoresheje ibikoresho biboneka aho batuye
b. Imfashanyigisho: imipira ibanze mu birere, imipira ibanze mu budodo, imipira ikoze mu bitambaro bishaje bitagikoreshwa, imikasi, imipira ikoze mu mpapuro,impapuro, ibirere, indodo, ibice by’ibitambaro, utugozi dukoze mu bitambaro,
n’ibindi.
c. Ibitabo byifashishijwe:
- Inyoborabarezi yo mu mashuri y’inshuke,
- Igitabo cy’Ubugeni n’umuco,
- Isaranganyamasomo mu mashuri y’inshuke,
- Ibindi bitabo bifitanye isano n’ubugeni n’umuco ku mashuri y’inshuke
Isomo rya 2: Kuboha
a) Intego z’amasomo:
Kuboha ibintu bishakiye
b) Imfashanyigisho: ibyatsi bitandukanye (urukangaga, ubunyundo, ubusuna, ubuhivu, ishinge, intamyi, imamfu, intaratare, imigano, iminaba, imigwegwe,urufunzo, imivumu, ibirere), imigozi itandukanye, imisambi, yimikasi, inkoko (soma
inkooko), indodo, amazi n’ibindi biboneka aho batuye.
c) Ibikorwa by’imyigire n’imyigishirize:
Ibikorwa n’inzira umurezi yakoresheje hejuru yigisha isomo rya mbere twabonye ahabanza, bishobora guhura n’iby’isomo rikurikira bitewe ni uko ayo masomo yose ahurira mu mutwe umwe. Igishobora guhinduka n’ibikoresho ndetse n’ubufasha umurezi aha abana mu kubikoresha kandi hakibukwa ko abana bose badafite ubushobozi bungana mu gukora ibikorwa bitandukanye n’ibikoresho byo mu bukorikori. Ibikorwa byibandwaho ni ukuboha ibintu abana bishakiye kandi bashoboye bigendanye n’ikigero bagezeho.
Mu myigire n’imyigishirize y’iri somo rya kabiri ry’ububoshyi, ibikorwa bishoborabgukorwa mu buryo bukurikira:
- umurezi mbere na mbere agomba kwibuka ko abana bo mu mwaka wa kabiri w’amashuri y’inshuke bataragira ubushobozi cyane bwo gukora ibikoresho byuzuye by’ububoshyi, bakeneye gukundishwa umurimo wo kuboha kandiicyo baboha bagikora mu buryo n’ubushobozi bwabo kandi hatabayeho gukoresha ibikoresho byabateza ibibazo;
- Isomo ritangira abana bicazwa neza mu myanya yabugenewe kugira ngo babashe kugira ibyo bakora;
- Umurezi yereka abana bimwe mu bikoresho biboshywe nk’ingata, udusambi, udutebo, uduseke, imikeka, ingofero, ibidasesa, isaha, inkangara, ingata n’ibindi biboshywe biboneka ahobatuye;
- Umurezi abaza abana amazina by’ibikoresho biboshye n’akamaro kabyo;
- Umurezi yereka abana akanabaha ibikoresho byifashishwa mu kuboha;
- Umurezi atanga urugero rwo kuboha kimwe mu bikoresho biva mu bukorikori. Urugero: Ingata.
- Umurezi yereka abana uko bahuza ibyatsi no kubizinga mu buryo bw’uruziga maze ubwatsi bugahura ukagenda unyuzaho umugozi kugira ngo bukomere ndetse ntibusandare;
- Umurezi aha abana ibikoresho byifashishwa mu kuboha
- Abana batangira kuboha ibikoresho bihitiyemo
- Umurezi aha abana ubufasha bwose bushoboka mu gihe baboha;
- Igihe barangije, umurezi ababaza akamaro k’ingata akaba yanabongereraho ubundi bumenyi batari bafite;
- Umurezi aha abana umwanya wo kuvuga ibyo bakoze n’icyo byamara mu buzima busanzwe
- Imurezi yibuka ko gushima ibikorwa by’abana bamaze kuboha ari ingenzi kugira ngo bishimire ubushobozi bagezeho; icyo gihe bongera kurushaho gukunda isomo ry’ubugeni n’umuco;
- Umurezi afatanya n’abana gsukura aho bakoreye no kubika neza ibikoresho byakoreshejwe kandi nabo ubwabo bakisukura;
- Umurezi aha abana umukoro wo kuboha ikindi gikoresho bishakiye bageze mu rugo kandi bakabifashwamo n’ababyeyi.
Isomo rya 3: Kuzinga impapuro
a. Intego z’amasomo: Kuzinga impapuro bakoramo ibintu bishakiye
b. Imfashanyigisho: impapuro z’ubwoko butandukanye ziboneka aho batuye,
amakaramu y’igiti, imikasi, ubujeni, ibikarito n’ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu isuku n’isukura.
c. Ibikorwa by’imyigire n’imyigishirize:
Mu myigire n’imyigishirize y’iri somo rya 3 ryo kuzinga impapuro, ibikorwa bishobora
gukorwa mu buryo bukurikira:
- Isomo ritangira umurezi yicaza abana neza mu myanya yabugenewe kugira ngo babashe kugira ibyo bakora bijyanye no kuzinga impapuro;
- Umurezi yereka abana bimwe mu bikoresho byifashishwa mu buzima busanzwe kandi bihinnye mu mpapuro;
- Umuerzi abaza abana amazina y’ibikoresho bihinnye mu mpapuro n’akamaro kabyo, urugero amabahasha atwarwamo impapuro, amabahasha atwarwamo ibintu (envelope);
- umurezi yereka abana urugero rw’uko bakora indege mu rupapauro, abikora bareba inzira zose, ubundi akayigurutsa ayitera mu kirere;
- Umurezi aha abana umwanya n’ibikoresho nabo bagatangira gukora indege bakoresheje ibikoresho bahawe;
- Umurezi aha abana ubufasha bwose bushoboka mu gihe baboha;
- Igihe barangije, umurezi ababaza akamaro k’indege ukabongereraho ubundi bumenyi batari bafite;
- Umurezi aha abana umwanya wo kuvuga ibyo bakoze n’icyo byamara mu buzima busanzwe no kugurutsa indege bakoze
- Ikindi gikoresho gikoze mu mpapuro abana bakunda, ni ingofero abana bambara ku munsi w’isabukuru. Umurezi ashobora kubafasha mu kuzikora maze buri mwana akambara ingofero ye yikoreye;
- Aha bashobora kubanza kuririmba indirimbo yo kwifuriza umwe muri bagenzi babo isabukuru nziza (kabone n’ubwo yaba atayigize) bakoresha akaririmbo ka “ISABUKURU NZIZA/HAPPY BIRTHDAY”;
- Umurezi abaza abana uko bambika umwana wagize isabukuru, mu bisubizo baguha hazamo n’ingofero;
- Umurezi aha abana ibikoresho birimo impapuro, imikasi, na papiyokora, ubujeni cyangwa garafezi (agateranzuma);
- Abana babifashijwemo n’umurezi, batangira gukora ingofero ku buryo buri wese akora ingofero imukwiriye;
- Umurezi aha buri mwana umwanya akambara ingofero ye yikoreye ubundi bakaririmba indirimbo yavuzwe haruguru;
- Umurezi abaza abana igikorwa bakoze n’akamoro kacyo;
- Gushima ibikorwa abana bamaze gukora ni ingenzi kugira ngo bishimire ubushobozi bagezeho, bongera barushaho gukunda isomo ry’ubugeni n’umuco;
- Umurezi afatanya n’abana gusukura aho bakoreye no kubika neza ibikoresho byakoreshejwe kandi nabo ubwabo bakisukura
- Umurezi aha abana umukoro wo kuboha ikindi gikoresho bishakiye bageze mu rugo kandi bagafashwa n’ababyeyi babo muri uyu mukoro.
Icyitonderwa, amasomo yavuzwe haruguru yo guhanga ibikoresho cyangwa ibikinisho si ihame ko ari byo bikorwa muri aya masomo gusa. Birashoboka ko umurezi ashobora gukoresha ibindi bikoresho bijya gusa bitewe n’ikigero abana
bagezemo, ndetse n’ibikoresho biboneka mu gace ishuri ry’inshuke riherereyemo.
Isomo rya 4: Gukata no komeka
a. Intego z’amasomo: Gukata no komeka impapuro bakoramo ibintu bishakiye.
b. Imfashanyigisho: imikasi, impapuro zitandukanye, ubujeni, amakaramu y’ibiti.
c. Ibikorwa by’imyigire n’imyigishirize:
Mu myigire n’imyigishirize y’iri somo rya 4 ryo gukata no komeka; ibikorwa bishobora gukorwa mu buryo bukurikira:
- Muri iri somo, bakoresha ibikoresho bikurikira: impapuro, imikasi, ubujeni n’ibindi byaboneka aho batuye;
- Umurezi ashobora kubaha intego (amaforomo atandukanye nka mpandeshatu, mpande enye, mpandeshanu, mpandesheshatu, n’izindi) zishushanyije ku mpapuro
- Umurezi afasha abana gukata impapuro bibanda kuri za ntego;
- Umurezi afasha abana bagasiga ubujeni kuri ya maforomo yakaswe bakayatera ahandi cyanecyane nko ku mpampuro
- Umurezi aha abana umwanya wo kuvuga ibyo bakoze n’icyo byamara mu buzima busanzwe;
- Umurezi afatanya n’abana gusukura aho bakoreye no kubika neza ibikoresho
- byakoreshejwe na bo ubwabo bakisukura;
- Umurezi aha abana umukoro wo gukora ikindi gikoresho bishakiye bageze mu rugo bagafashwa n’ababyeyi.
4.2.4. Ingero z’ibikorwa bihuza uyu mutwe n’ibindi byigwa
4.2.5. Isuzumabushobozi risoza uyu mutwe:
Umurezi agomba kwibuka ko isuzuma ry’amasomo agize uyu mutwe wo guhanga ibikoresho cyangwa ibikinisho rikorwa buhoro buhoro abana bari mugikorwa kandi hitabwa ku kureba uburyo bahanga, umwihariko w’ibyo bakoze n’uko bakoresha
ibikoresho byo guhanga ibikoresho n’ ibisobanuro batanga ku byo bahanze aho gushingira gusa ku bwiza bw’ibyo bahanze.
Ibihangano abana bakoze bijyanye n’ibikoresho cyangwa ibikinisho, bizamurikwa ahagaragara ku buryo abana bazajya bagereranya ibyo bakoze n’ibyo abandi bakoze bakigira ku byabagenzi babo.
4.3. GUHANGA IBIKORESHO N’IBIKINISHO BYO MU BUKORIKORI (Umwaka wa gatatu)
4.3.1. Ubushobozi bw’ingenzi bugamijwe
Abana bazaba bashobora guhanga ibikoresho n’ibikinisho byo mu bukorikori bifashishije ibikoresho biboneka aho batuye kandi bakoresheje uburyo bunyuranye.
4.3.2. Ingingo nsanganyamasomo
- Uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye bw’ibitsina byombi: Mu bikorwa byateguwe n’umurezi mu kwigisha guhanga ibikoresho cyangwa ibikinsho biva mu bukorikori, abakobwa n’abahungu bagiramo uruhare rungana.
- Uburezi budaheza: Mu gihe abana bazaba bahanga ibikoresho cyangwa ibikinsho biva mu bukorikori, buri wese mu bushobozi bwe azahabwa umwanya uhagije kugira ngo ashobore gukoresha no guhanga ibikoresho bishya yagenewe. Umurezi yemerera abana guhagarara no kwicara aho biborohera kubona no kumva neza, abaha n’umwanya uhagije ngo bakoreshe ibyo bikoresho bitandukanye.
- Kwita ku bidukikije: ibikoresho byinshi biva mu bukorikori bikorwa n’ibintu bituruka mu bidukikije, abana bamenyerezwa kubungabunga ibidukikije no kutabyangiza cyanecyane iyo bari guhanga ibikoresho n’ibikinisho bishyashya.
- Abana batozwa kandi kwandurura ibikoresho no gusukura aho bakoreye.
- Umuco w’amahoro n’indangagaciro: mu gihe abana basaranganya mu mahoro ibikoresho bahanga ibikoresho cyangwa ibikinisho biva mu bukorikori baba bazamura imibanire myiza hagati yabo.
4.3.3. Inama ku myigishirize y’isomo.
Mu mwaka wa gatatu w’amashuri y’inshuke, guhanga ibikoresho byo mu bukorikori bifashishije bumwe mu buryo bworoheje ni kimwe mu bikorwa bifasha abana kumenya kwikorera ibikoresho n’ibikinisho byo gukinisha. Ibi bizamura byinshi ku mitekerereze n’ubwenge by’abana nk’uko byagaragajwe mu gice cyo mu mwaka wa mbere. Byongeye kandi, umurezi agomba gufasha abana by’umwihariko mu gikorwa cyo guhanga ibikoresho n’ibikinisho byoroheje biva mu bukorikori kuko ababana abenshi baba bageze mu kigero cy’imyaka 5 – 6 begereje igihe cyo gutangira umwaka wa mbere w’amashurri abanza.
Isomo rya 1: Guhanga ibikoresho byo mu bukorikori bakenera mu gukina
a. Intego y’isomo: Guhanga ibikoresho yahisemo bikoreshwa mu gukina akurikije uko intambwe zikurikirana
b. Imfashanyigisho: ibikoresho biva mu bukorikori bijyanye n’insanganyamatsiko biboneka aho batuye: nk’inigi, imikasi, imipira ikoze mu mpapuro, impapuro, ibirere, indodo, ibice by’ibitambaro, utugozi dukoze mu bitambaro, imigozi yo gusimbuka ikoze mu birere, udufuniko tw’amacupa, udusumari, udukarito dutandukanye, inyundo, imodoka zikozwe mu bikarito n’ibindi biboneka aho batuye.
c. Ibitabo byifashishijwe:
- Inyoborabarezi yo mu mashuri y’inshuke,
- Igitabo cy’Ubugeni n’umuco,
- Isaranganyamasomo mu mashuri y’inshuke,
- Ibindi bitabo bifitanye isano n’ubugeni n’umuco ku mashuri y’inshuke
d. Ibice bigize isomo
Isomo rya 2 n’irya 3: Guhanga ibikoresho byo mu bukorikori bakenera mu kuririmba no kubyina
a. Intego z’amasomo: Guhanga ibikoresho byo kuririmba no kubyina yahisemo no gusobanura uko yabikoze.
b. Imfashanyigisho: gitari, ingoma, ibinyuguri (ipendo), inanga, amakondera, ifirimbi, akuma gakata impapuro, amakaramu
y’ibiti.
c. Ibikorwa by’imyigire n’imyigishirize:
Abana bakunda gukina mu buryo butandukanye by’umwihariko bakunda kwiga binyuze mu mikino n’indirimbo, ni yo mpamvu bakenera ibikoresho bibafasha mu kuririmba no kubyina. Umurezi agomba kubafasha kuba bakwihangira ibikoresho bibabafasha muri ibyo bikorwa birimo kwihangira ingoma bavuza, inanga (ya Kinyarwanda), piyano (imwe mu nanga za kizungu), ibinyuguri (ipendo), umwirogi, ifirimbi n’ibindi. Ibi byose muri rusange bifasha abana mu kuririmba no kubyina.
Mu myigire n’imyigishirize y’aya masomo, irya kabiri (2) n’irya gatatu (3) yo guhanga ibikoresho byo kuririmba no kubyina abana bahisemo; ibikorwa bishobora gukorwa mu buryo bukurikira:
- Umurezi yereka abana ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu kuririmba no kubyina biboneka aho batuye. Ni byiza kuba abana bakwerekwa ibikoresho bya nyabyo ku girango babashe kubyigana
- Umurezi abaza abana amazina n’akamaro k’ibyo bikoresho beretswe.
- Umurezi aha abana bimwe mu byifashishwa bahanga ibikoresho byifashishwa mu kuririmba no kubyina
- Umurezi aha abana umwanya wo kwihangira ibikoresho bishakiye, buri mwana ahanga igikoresho yishakiye kandi umurezi akamufasha bitewe nubushobozi bwe
- Nyuma yo kurangiza guhanga ibikoresho umurezi aha umwanya abana bagasonura ibyo bahanze
- Umurezi aha abana umwanya bagacuranga ibikoresho bihangiye
- Umurezi afatanya n’abana gusukura aho bakoreye no kubika neza ibyo bakoresheje ahabugenewe
Isomo rya 4: Guhanga ibikoresho byo mu bukorikori bakenera mu gutaka ishuri
a. Intego z’amasomo: Guhanga ibikoresho byo mu bukorikori bakenera bataka ishuri
b. Imfashanyigisho: impapuro zitandukanye, amakaramu y’ibiti, imikasi, uduti, ubudodo, amakaramu y’amabara, ibidebe
bitagikoreshwa, indabo, amafoto, ubujeni, ibikenyeri,
c. Ibikorwa by’imyigire n’imyigishirize:
Gukoresha ibyo abana bihangiye ni kimwe mu bikorwa byiza cyane umurezi yakoresha bigashimisha abana, bigakundisha abana ishuri, bikazamura urwego rw’imitekerereze yabo. Ni muri urwo rwego ibikinisho byose bihangiye bigomba kwifashishwa bitakwa mu ishuri. Ibyo bakora bituruka mu biboneka aho batuye.
- Nyuma yo kwicazwa neza ku ruziga, abana bafashijwe n’umurezi baririmba indirimbo yitwa ‘Agashuri kacu’.
‘Agashuri kacu karimo amashusho
Na mwalimu wacu aradukunda cyane
Iyo tugiye gutaha, tumusezeraho
Bye Bye Bye tuzabonana ejo’
- Umurezi yereka abana ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu gutaka ishuri ryaabo biboneka aho batuye. Ni byiza kwereka abana ibikoresho bya nyabyo ku gira ngo babashe kubyigana
- Umurezi aha abana bimwe mu bikoresho byifashishwa bahanga ibikoresho byo gutaka ishuri ryabo
- Umurezi aha abana umwanya wo kwihangira ibikoresho bishakiye, buri mwana ahanga igikoresho yishakiye kandi umurezi akamufasha bitewe n’ubushobozi bwe
- Nyuma yo kurangiza guhanga ibikoresho umurezi aha umwanya abana bagasonura ibyo bahanze byakoreshwa mu gutaka ishuri
- Umurezi aha abana umwanya ugereranije bagatakisha ishuri ryabo bimwe mu bikoresho bahanze. By’umwihariko ibyinshi muri byo binashyirwa mu nguni y’ubugeni
- Umurezi afatanya n’abanyeshuri kwisukura no gusukura aho bakoreye bakanabika neza ibyo bakoresheje ahabugenewe
4.3.4. Ingero z’ibikorwa bihuza uyu mutwe n’ibindi byigwa
4.3.5. Isuzumabushobozi risoza uyu mutwe
Umurezi agomba kwibuka ko isuzuma ry’amasomo agize uyu mutwe wo guhang ibikoresho n’ibikinisho byo mu bukorikori hitabwa ukuntu asobanura ibyo yahanze ibi bigakorwa buhoro buhoro abana bari mugikorwa aho gushingira kubwiza gusa bw’ibyobahanze. Umwana abazwa ibibazo bimufasha kubona ko hari ibyo akwiriye kunoza kurushaho. Umurezi asabwa kubika neza kandi ku gihe amakuru ajyanye n’ubushobozi bw’abana bushingiye ku ntego za buri somo yigishije.
Ibihangano abana bakoze bijyanye no guhanga ibikinisho, bizamurikwa ahagaragara kuburyo abana bazajya bagereranya ibyo babumbye n’ibyo abandi bakoze maze bakabyigiraho.
INYIGISHO YA GATANU : KURIRIMBA INDIRIMBO BAMENYEREYE
5.0. Intangiriro
Ubusanzwe abana batoya biga binyuze mu ndirimbo ndetse no mu mbyino, mu mikino no mu nkuru. Isomo ryo kuririmba iyo rihawe abana bakiri batoya duhereye ku bo mu mashuri y’inshuke, bikuza iterambere ry’ubwonko mu nzego zitandukanye. Mu by’ukuri, umwana utangiye kuririmba akiri mutoya, bimufasha guhora yibuka ibyo yize, yumvise cg se yabonye, gufata mu mutwe ibyo yumvise n’ibyo yabonye, n’ibindi. By’akarusho, iyo abana bamenyereye gucuranga ibyuma bya muzika bakiri bato, bizamura ubushobozi bwabo mu kwiga imibare na siyansi; mu gihe iyo binyuze mu mbyino, abana bazamura ubushobozi bwo gukoresha ibice by’umubiri wabo ndetse bakanakuza imibanire yabo n’abandi.
5.0.1. Uruhererekane rw’amasomo
5.1. KURIRIRIMBA NO KUBYINA (Umwaka wa mbere)
5.1.1. Ubushobozi bw’ingenzi bugamijwe
Abana bazaba bashobora kuririmba no kubyina imbyino n’indirimbo bamenyereye.
5.1.2. Ingingo nsanganyamasomo.
- Uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye bw’ibitsina byombi: Mu bikorwa byateguwe n’umurezi mu kwigisha kubyina abakobwa n’abahungu bagiramo uruhare rungana.
- Uburezi budaheza: Mu gihe abana bazaba baririmba cyangwa babyina, buri wese mu bushobozi bwe azahabwa ibikoresho n’umwanya uhagije kugira
- ngo ashobore gukoresha ibikoresho yagenewe. Umurezi yita kuri buri mwana wese agatanga ubufasha igihe umwana abukeneye.
- Kwita ku bidukikije: Abana batozwa kuririmba no kubyina imbyino zishishikariza abantu twita kubidukikije barangiza bagakora isuku aho babyiniraga.
5.1.3. Inama ku myigishirize y’amasomo.
kigero cy’imyaka bafite kuko igipimo cyo gufata mu mutwe gishobora gutandukana bishingiye ku kigero cy’imyaka. Akenshi, abana bato ntibakunda ibintu birambirana, bityo umurezi agomba gutegura indirimbo n’imbyino bigufiya kandi bibemerera
gukora imiyego itandukanye kuko mu mibereho y’umwana muto aba ashaka guhindukira mu bice bitandukanye ibi bikamufasha kuzamura ubushobozi bwo gukoresha ibice by’umubiri bitandukanye. Ni byiza ko amagambo ari mundirimbo
z’abana batoya aba ari amagambo adakomeye abana basanzwe bumva kandi asanzwe bakoresha mu buzima bwabo bwa buri munsi.
Isomo rya 1: Indirimbo n’imbyino zoroheje zijyanye n’insanganyamatsiko igezweho
a. Intego y’isomo: Kuririmba yumvikanisha amagambo avuga ajyanye n’insanganyamatsiko
b. Imfashanyigisho: Ingoma, ibinyuguri, radiyo n’ibindi.
c. Ibitabo byifashishijwe:
- Inyoborabarezi yo mu mashuri y’inshuke,
- Igitabo cy’Ubugeni n’umuco,
- Ibindi bitabo bifitanye isano n’ubugeni n’umuco ku mashuri y’inshuke
5.1.4. Ingero z’ibikorwa bihuza uyu mutwe n’ibindi byigwa
5.1.5. Isuzumabushobozi risoza uyu mutwe
Umurezi agomba kwibuka ko isuzuma ryo kuririmba no kubyina rikorwa buhoro buhoro abana bari mugikorwa kandi hitabwa kureba ubushake n’umurava abana bafite bwo kuririmba no kubyina bijyanye n’insanganyamatsiko igezweho ndetse no kureba ukuntu umwana abikora yishimye. Ubushake umwana agira bwo kugira icyo akora kijyanye no kuririmba cyangwa no kubyina imbere y’abandi bifatwa nk’intambwe ikomeye ku mwana mu gusabana nabandi. ibi bimufasha kandi kumenya ibyo anoza arebeye ku bandi cyangwa agendeye ku bufasha bw’umurezi. Ni yo mpamvu isuzuma rizakorwa kuri buri ntambwe y’igikorwa cyo kuririmba no kubyina by’umwana kandi rigamije kumufasha kugira ibyo anoza kurushaho.
5.2. KURIRIMBA NO KUBYINA HUBAHIRIZWA INJYANA (Umwaka wa kabiri)
5.2.1. Ubushobozi bw’ingenzi bugamijwe
Abana bazaba bashobora kuririmba no kubyina imbyino n’indirimbo nyarwanda ndetse n’izahandi bubahiriza injyana.
5.2.2. Ingingo nsanganyamasomo.
- Uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye bw’ibitsina byombi: Mu bikorwa byateguwe n’umurezi mu kwigisha kubyina abakobwa n’abahungu bagiramo uruhare rungana.
- Uburezi budaheza: Mu gihe abana bazaba baririmba cyangwa babyina, buri wese mu bushobozi bwe azahabwa ibikoresho nu umwanya uhagije kugira ngo ashobore gukoresha ibikoresho yagenewe. Umurezi yita kuri buri mwana wese agatanga ubufasha igihe umwana ubukeneye.
- Kwita ku bidukikije: Abana batozwa kuririmba no kubyina imbyino zishishikariza abantu twita kubidukikije barangiza bagakora isuku aho babyiniraga.
5.2.3. Inama ku myigishirize y’amasomo.
Mugihe umurezi ategura indirimbo n’imbyino z’abana bato agomba kwita ku kigero cy’imyaka bafite kuko igimpimo cyo gufata mu mutwe gishobora gutandukana bishingiye ku kigero cy’imyaka. Abana bato ntibakunda ibintu birambirana bityo umurezi agomba gutegura indirimbo n’imbyino bigufiya kandi bibemerera gukora imiyego itandukanye kuko mumibereho y’umwana muto abashaka guhindukira mubice bitandukanye ibi bikamufasha kuzamura ubushobozi bwo gukoresha ibice by’ umubiri bitandukanye. Ni byiza ko indirimbo z’abana batoya zigirwa n’amagambo adakomeye kandi agomba kuba ari amagambo basanzwe bakoresha mu buzima bwabo bwa buri munsi. Umurezi agomba twita gufasha abana guhuza injyana, amashyi ndetse n’imiririmbire
Isomo: Indirimbo n’imbyino bijyanye n’insanganyamatsiko igezweho
a. Intego y’isomo: Kuririmba yumvikanisha amagambo avuga, akabyina yubahiriza injyana kandi yizihiwe
b. Imfashanyigisho: Ingoma, ibinyuguri, radiyo…
c. Ibitabo byifashishijwe:
- Inyoborabarezi yo mu mashuri y’inshuke,
- Igitabo cy’Ubugeni n’umuco,
- Ibindi bitabo bifitanye isano n’ubugeni n’umuco ku mashuri y’inshuke
5.2.4. Ingero z’ibikorwa bihuza uyu mutwe n’ibindi byigwa
5.2.5. Isuzumabushobozi risoza uyu mutwe
Umurezi agomba kwibuka ko isuzuma ryo kuririmba no kubyina rikorwa buhoro buhoro abana bari mu gikorwa kandi hitabwa ku kureba ubushake n’umurava abana bafite bwo kuririmba no kubyina bijyanye n’insanganyamatsiko igezweho akabikora yishimye. Umurezi yita mu kureba ukuntu umwana ajyanisha imiyego, injyana n’ingoma by’indirimbo. Ubushake umwana agira bwo kugira icyo akora bufatwa nk’intambwe ikomeye umwana aheraho agira ibyo anoza arebeye ku bandi cyangwa agendeye ku bufasha bw’umurezi ni yo mpamvuzu isuzuma rizakora kuriburi ntambwe yigikorwa cy’umwana kandi rigamije kumufasha kugira ibyo anoza kurushaho.
5.3 GUHIMBA, KURIRIMBA NO KUBYINA INDIRIMBO (Umwaka wa gatatu)
5.3.1. Ubushobozi bw’ingenzi bugamijwe
Abana bazaba bashobora kuririmba, kubyina no guhimba, indirimbo zabo bagaragaza imbamutima zikwiye kandi bifitiye icyizere.
5.3.2. Ingingo nsanganyamasomo.
- Uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye bw’ibitsina byombi : Mu bikorwa byateguwe n’umurezi mu kwigisha guhimba, kuririmba no kubyina indirimbo abakobwa n’abahungu bagiramo uruhare rungana.
- Uburezi budaheza : Mu gihe abana bazaba bahimba, baririmba cyangwa babyina indirimbo, buri wese mu bushobozi bwe azahabwa ibikoresho n’umwanya uhagije kugira ngo ashobore gukoresha ibikoresho yagenewe.
- Umurezi yita kuri buri mwana wese agatanga ubufasha igihe umwana ubukeneye.
- Kwita ku bidukikije : Abana batozwa guhimba, kuririmba no kubyina imbyino zishishikariza abantu twita kubidukikije barangiza bagakora isuku aho babyiniraga.
5.3.3. Inama ku myigishirize y’amasomo.
Mugihe abana bari guhimba indirimbo umurezi agomba kubaba hafi akajya abafasha kugorora imvugo aho biringombwa.
Isomo rya 1 : Indirimbo n’imbyino bamenyereye mu birori bitandukanye
Intego y’isomo : Kuririmba yumvikanisha amagambo avuga kandi agaragaza imbamutima zikwiye.
Imfashanyigisho: Ingoma, umurishyo, ibinyuguri, radiyo…
Ibitabo byifashishijwe:
- Inyoborabarezi yo mu mashuri y’inshuke,
- Igitabo cy’Ubugeni n’umuco,
- Ibindi bitabo bifitanye isano n’ubugeni n’umuco ku mashuri y’inshuke
Isomo rya 2 : Kuririmba indirimbo bihimbiye
a. Intego y’isomo : Guhimba indirimbo ngufi.
b. Imfashanyigisho : ingoma, umurisho, ibinyuguri, amayugi, inanga…
c. Ibikorwa by’imyigire n’imyigishirize
- Umurezi asaba abana gutuza bakamutega amatwi akabaririmbira indirimbo yahimbwe n’abandi bana.
- Abana baratuza bagatega amatwi indirimbo umurezi abaririmbira
- Umurezi abaza abana niba nabo bahimba akaririmbo kabo
- Abana basubiza umurezi ko nabo bahimba indirimbo yabo
- Umurezi ashyira abana mumatsinda matoya akabasaba guhimba akaririmbo kagufi
- Abana bajya mumastinda mato
- Umurezi agera kuri buritsinda akarifasha kubona isanganyamatsiko n’injyana
- Mumatsinda matoya abana bahimba indirimbo bajyanisha ninjyana bakayisubiramo ishuro irenze imwe.
- Umurezi agera kuri buritsinda akumva aho bageze basubiramo indirimbo yabo yasanga bakeneye ubufasha akabubaha.
- Umurezi asaba buritsinda kuririmba no kubyina indirimbo bahimbye
- Umurezi afatanyije n’abana bashimira buri tsinda.
5.3.4. Ingero z’ibikorwa bihuza uyu mutwe n’ibindi byigwa
5.3.5. Isuzumabushobozi risoza uyu mutwe
Umurezi agomba kwibuka ko isuzuma ryo kuririmba no kubyina rikorwa buhorobuhoro abana bari mu gikorwa kandi hitabwa ku kureba ubushake n’umurava abana bafite mugikorwa guhimba indirimbo kuyiririmba ndetse no kuyibyina bagaragaza amarangamutima yabo. Umurezi yita mukureba ukuntu umwana ajyanisha imiyego, injyana n’ingoma by’indirimbo. Ubushake umwana agira bwo kugira icyo akora bufatwa nk’intambwe ikomeye umwana aheraho agira ibyo anoza arebeye ku bandi cyangwa agendeye ku bufasha bw’umurezi ni yo mpamvuzu isuzuma rizakora kuri buri ntambwe y’igikorwa cy’umwana kandi rigamije kumufasha kugira ibyo anoza kurushaho ndeste no kumuha urubuga mu kugaragaza ibyo atekereza.
INYIGISHO YA GATANDATU : IBIKORESHO BYA MUZIKA
6.0. Intangiriro
Ibikoresho bya Muzika, ni buri kintu gikorwa gifitiwe intego yo gutanga cyangwa gusohora ijwi ry’umuziki. Bimwe mu bikoresho bya muzika bikunze kugaragara by’umwihariko mu Rwanda, harimo imyirongi, ingoma za kizungu, piyano, gitari, umuduri, inanga, inzogera, ifirimbi, amayugi, ibinyuguri, ingoma za kinyarwanda zigizwe n’ishakwe, inyahura, igihumurizo, n’ibindi bikoresho bitandukanye.
Ni kenshi abana biga mu mashuri y’inshuke bakunda gukinisha ibikoresho bya Muzika ariko ugasanga babikinisha mu buryo budakwiriye bitewe n’uko badasobanukiwe n’imikoreshereze ya byo. Ibi bikoresho bya muzika bifite akamaro gakomeye kuri aba bana. By’umwihariko kubikinisha bizamura urwego rw’imitekerereze yabo hakiri kare.
Mu mashuri y’inshuke, ibikoresho bya muzika byigwa mu isomo rimwe gusa (1) ni ukuvuga isomo rimwe muri buri mwaka.
6.0.1. Uruhererekane rw’amasomo
6.1. INKOMOKO Y’AMAJWI (Umwaka wa mbere)
6.1.1. Ubushobozi bw’ingenzi bugamijwe
Abana bazaba bashobora gutandukanya amajwi akomoka ku bintu binyuranye ahura na byo mu bidukikije.
6.1.2. Ingingo nsanganyamasomo
- Umuco w’amahoro n’indangagaciro: igihe bakina imikino yo kuvuga amazina y’ibikoresho binyuranye bitanga amajwi banatahura amajwi y’abantu cyangwa ibintu babyumva babireba cyangwa batabireba bizatuma abana bashobora kubana mu mahoro.
- Uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye bw’ibitsina byombi: Muri iyo mikino yo kuvuga amazina y’ibikoresho binyuranye bitanga amajwi banatahura amajwi y’abantu cyangwa ibintu abakobwa n’abahungu babigiramo uruhare rungana.
- Uburezi budaheza: Mu gihe abana bazaba bakina imikino yo kuvuga amazina y’ibikoresho binyuranye bitanga amajwi banatahura amajwi y’abantu cyangwa y’ibintu, buri wese mu bushobozi bwe azahabwa umwanya uhagije kugira ngo ashobore gukoresha ibikoresho yagenewe.
- Kwita ku bidukikije: mu gihe abana bakina imikino yo kuvuga amazina y’ibikoresho bitanga amajwi no gutahura amajwi yibinintu cyangwa abantu bakinira ahabugenewe kandi bakamenyerezwa kubungabunga ibidukikije no kutabyangiza. Abana batozwa kandi kwandurura ibikoresho no gusukura aho bakoreye.
6.1.3. Inama ku myigishirize y’isomo.
Mu mivugire n’imitekerereze mu ruririmi bizamuka cyane uko umuntu, ibintu cyangwa inyamaswa bisohora amajwi atandukanye. Ku umwana akenera itermbere mu nzego zitandukanye nko gukura kw’ingingo, gukura mu kugaragaza amarangamutima, mu mibanire n’abandi, mu mitekerereze ndetse no mu rurimi by’umwihariko. Amajwi n’ingenzi mu iterambere ry’ururimi cyane, abana bato batangira Kumva amajwi bakiri mu nda, uko bakura bagenda bunguka amajwi y’ibintu bishyashya n’abantu bashyashya bityo bikazamura imitekerereze ye ndetse n’irurimi muri rusange. Mu mashuri abana bahura n’umuziki aho baririmba bakanabyina. Umurezi afasha abana mu bikorwa byose bya muzika ariko by’umwihariko agateganya ibikoresho bya muzika bitandukanye, bishobora kuba ingoma, gitari n’umwirongi.
Isomo rya 1: Amajwi atangwa n’ibikoresho binyuranye
a. Intego y’isomo: Abana bazaba bashobora gutandukanya amajwi akomoka kubintu binyuranye ahura nabyo mu bidukukuje.
b. Imfashanyigisho: Sede (CD) cyangwa furashi disike (Flash disk) iriho amajwi y’ibintu bitandukanye biri buze gusohora amajwi atandukanye igihe udafite ubushobozi buhagije mu gusohora amajwi, radiyo, telefoni, amacupa washyizemo utubuye duto cyagwa umucanga nibindi wakwifashisha bigatanga amajwi atandukanye.
c. Ibitabo byifashishijwe:
- Inyoborabarezi yo mu mashuri y’inshuke,
- Igitabo k’Imibare cy’umunyeshuri,
- Isaranganyamasomo mu mashuri y’inshuke,
- Imfashanyigisho y’amahugurwa ku nteganyanyigisho y’uburezi bw’inshuke.
6.1.4. Ingero z’ibikorwa bihuza uyu mutwe n’ibindi byigwa
6.1.5. Isuzumabushobozi risoza uyu mutwe
Isuzuma ku nkomoko y’amajwi rikorwa buhoro buhoro ntirigombera igihe cy’umwihariko rikorwa kuri buri ntambwe y’isomo aho abana basabwa kumva amajwi arimo atangwa n’ibintu binyuranye bagasabwa gutahura ayo majwi. Umurezi nanone ashobora gusaba abana kwigana amajwi y’ibintu bimwe na bimwe.
6.2. INKOMOKO Y’AMAJWI (Umwaka wa kabiri)
6.2.1. Ubushobozi bw’ingenzi bugamijwe
Abana bazaba bashobora gutandukanya ibikoresho bya muzika bakunze kubona bahereye ku majwi bitanga.
6.2.2. Ingingo nsanganyamasomo
- Umuco w’amahoro n’indangagaciro: igihe bakina imikino yo kuvuga amazina y’ibikoresho binyuranye bitanga amajwi banatahura amajwi y’abantu cyangwa ibintu babyumva babireba cyangwa batabireba bizatuma abana bashobora kubana mu mahoro.
- Uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye bw’ibitsina byombi: Muri iyo mikino yo kuvuga amazina y’ibikoresho binyuranye bitanga amajwi banatahura amajwi y’abantu cyangwa ibintu abakobwa n’abahungu babigiramo uruhare rungana.
- Uburezi budaheza: Mu gihe abana bazaba bakina imikino yo kuvuga amazina y’ibikoresho binyuranye bitanga amajwi banatahura amajwi y’abantu cyangwa y’ibintu, buri wese mu bushobozi bwe azahabwa umwanya uhagije kugira ngo ashobore gukoresha ibikoresho yagenewe.
- Kwita ku bidukikije: mu gihe abana bakina imikino yo kuvuga amazina y’ibikoresho bitanga amajwi no gutahura amajwi yibinintu cyangwa abantu bakinira ahabugenewe kandi bakamenyerezwa kubungabunga ibidukikije no kutabyangiza. Abana batozwa kandi kwandurura ibikoresho no gusukura aho bakoreye.
6.2.3. Inama ku myigishirize y’isomo.
Ibikoresho bya muzika bigira amajwi atandukanye, ku buryo abana bo mu mwaka wa kabiri baba bakeneye kumenya amajwi bitanga kugira ngo bazabashe kubitandukanya. Nyuma yuko umwaka wa mbere bafashwa kumenya amajwi atangwa n’ibikoresho bisanzwe, uwa kabiri bagomba kwibanda kubikoreshwa mu muziki bakabimenya bagafashwa no kumenya gutandukanya amajwi ya byo. Ni byiza ko umurezi amenya, akita no ku ku kigero kimitekerereze y’abana n’imyaka yabo kugira ngo ahitemo ibikoresho n’ibikorwa bibakwiriye.
Isomo rya 1: Amajwi atangwa n’ibikoresho bya Muzika
a. Intego y’isomo: Abana bazaba bashobora gutandukanya amajwi akomoka kubintu binyuranye ahura nabyo bidukikije.
b. Imfashanyigisho: ikinyuguri(ipendo), gitari, inzogera, iningiri, umwirongi, ifirimbi ingoma n’ibindi.
c. Ibitabo byifashishijwe:
- Inyoborabarezi yo mu mashuri y’inshuke,
- Igitabo k’Imibare cy’umunyeshuri,
- Isaranganyamasomo mu mashuri y’inshuke,
- Imfashanyigisho y’amahugurwa ku nteganyanyigisho y’uburezi bw’inshuke.
6.2.4. Ingero z’ibikorwa bihuza uyu mutwe n’ibindi byigwa
6.2.5. Isuzumabushobozi risoza uyu mutwe
Isuzuma ku gukoresha ibikoresho bya muzika rikorwa buhoro buhoro ntirigombera igihe cy’umwihariko rikorwa kuri buri ntambwe y’isomoaho aho abana basabwa kuvuga igikoresho cyamuzika asanzwe azi kirimo gutanga ijwi.
6.3. GUKORESHA IBIKORESHO BYA MUZIKA (Umwaka wa gatatu)
6.3.1. Ubushobozi bw’ingenzi bugamijwe
Abana bazaba bashobora gukoresha ibikoresho bya muzika bakunze kubona kandi bifitiye icyizere.
6.3.2. Ingingo nsanganyamasomo
- Umuco w’amahoro n’indangagaciro: igihe abana bazaba boresha ibikoresho bya muzika mu imikino itandukanye bizatuma abana bashobora kubana mu mahoro.
- Uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye bw’ibitsina byombi: Muri iyo mikino bakina hakoreshwejwe ibikoresho bya mizika abakobwa n’abahungu babigiramo nuruhare rungana.
- Uburezi budaheza: Mu gihe abana bazaba bakina imikino itandukanye bakoresheje ibikoresho bya muzika binyuranye bitanga amajwi, buri wese mu bushobozi bwe azahabwa umwanya uhagije kugira ngo ashobore gukoresha ibikoresho yagenewe.
- Kwita ku bidukikije: mu gihe abana bakina imikino itandukanye bakoresheje ibikoresho bya muzika binyuranye bitanga amajwi, bakinira ahabugenewe kandi bakamenyerezwa kubungabunga ibidukikije no kutabyangiza. Abana batozwa kandi kwandurura ibikoresho no gusukura aho bakoreye.
6.3.3. Inama ku myigishirize y’isomo
abenshi baba bageze ku kigero cy’imyaka 5 ni 6, abana batangira gufashwa gukoresha ibikoresho bya muzika, by’umwihariko bibanda ku biboneka aho batuye.
Ibyinshi muri byo ni nk’ingoma, gitari, mwirongi, ibinyuguri, inanga, umuduri…
Umurezi agomba kwita kubushobozi bw’abana, aha abana ibikoresho n’ibikorwa biri ku kigero cyabo.
Isomo rya 1: Gucuranga ibikoresho bya Muzika baririmba
a. Intego y’isomo: Abana bazaba bashobora gucuranga ibikoresho bya muzika baririmba n’amajwi.
b. Imfashanyigisho: ikinyuguri, gitari, inzogera, iningiri, umwirongi, ifirimbi, ingoma, inanga, umuduri
c. Ibitabo byifashishijwe:
- Inyoborabarezi yo mu mashuri y’inshuke,
- Igitabo k’Imibare cy’umunyeshuri,
- Isaranganyamasomo mu mashuri y’inshuke,
- Imfashanyigisho y’amahugurwa ku nteganyanyigisho y’uburezi bw’inshuke.
6.3.4. Ingero z’ibikorwa bihuza uyu mutwe n’ibindi byigwa
6.3.5. Isuzumabushobozi risoza uyu mutwe
Umurezi agomba kwibuka ko isuzuma ryo gukoresha ibikoresho bya muzika rikorwa buhoro buhoro abana bari mu gikorwa kandi hitabwa kureba ubushake n’umurava abana bafite mu gikorwa cyo gukoresha ibikoresho bya muzika no guhanga bimwe
muri ibyo bikoresho. Ubushake umwana agira bwo kugira icyo akora bufatwa nk’intambwe ikomeye umwana aheraho agira ibyo anoza arebeye ku bandi cyangwa agendeye ku bufasha bw’umurezi ni yo mpamvu isuzuma rizakorwa kuri buri ntambwe y’igikorwa cy’umwana kandi rigamije kumufasha kugira ibyo anoza kurushaho ndeste no kumuha urubuga mu kugaragaza ibyo atekereza.
Ibitabo byifashishijwe
MINEDUC. (2018). Ibipimo ngenderwaho by’ibanze ku mashuri y’inshuke mu
Rwanda. Kigali: MINEDUC.
REB. (2015). Integanyanyigisho y’uburezi bw’inshuke. Kigali: REB.
REB. (2015). Inyoborabarezi ku nteganyanyigisho y’uburezi bw’inshuke. Kigali: REB.
REB. (2018). Isaranganyamasomo ryo mu mashuri y’inshuke. Kigali: REB.
REB. (2019). Ubugeni n’umuco. Kigali: REB.