text:
Umuryango wAbibumbye
Umwimerere: Icyongereza
Abacamanza
Florence Rita Arrey, Perezida Mparany Mamy Richard Rajohnson Aydin Sefa Akay Adama Dieng 5 Nyakanga 2010 POROKIRERI aburana na Yussuf MUNYAKAZI
Urubanza No ICTR-97-36A-T
Gerefiye: Itariki:
URUBANZA NIGENABIHANO
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Ibiro bya Porokireri: Richard Karegyesa Segun Jegede Didace Nyirinkwaya Denis Mabura
Ubwunganizi : Jwani Mwaikusa Barnab Nekuie Etienne Mutabazi Malien Habyarimana Andr Nteziriraza
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AMASHAKIRO
UMUTWE WA MBERE 1: INTANGIRIRO ........................................................................... 4
1. INCAMAKE .............................................................................................................................. 4
i. Intangiriro .................................................................................................................... 4 ii. Alibi [Imyiregurire ya sinari mpari] ............................................................................ 4 iii. iv. v. vi. vii. ix. xi. Kuba Munyakazi yari umukuru wInterahamwe zo mu Bugarama ........................ 5 Gushaka abantu bo kwinjiza mu mutwe wInterahamwe no kubaha imyitozo ....... 5 Kubika intwaro no kuzikwirakwiza mu bantu ........................................................ 6 Kugaburira Interahamwe no kuzitwara mu modoka ............................................... 7 Paruwasi ya Nyamasheke ........................................................................................ 7 Paruwasi ya Mibilizi ................................................................................................ 9 Igenabihano ........................................................................................................... 10
3. MUNYAKAZI NKUMUYOBOZI WINTERAHAMWE ZO MU BUGARAMA ........23 4. GUSHAKA ABANTU BO KWINJIZA MU MUTWE WINTERAHAMWE ZO MU
BUGARAMA NO KUBAHA IMYITOZO .................................................................................. 54 5. KUBIKA INTWARO NO KUZIKWIRAKWIZA MU NTERAHAMWE ZO MU BUGARAMA................................................................................................................................................... 67 6. KUGABURIRA ABANTU NO KUBATWARA MU MODOKA ....................................... 77 7. IGITERO CYAGABWE KURI PARUWASI YA NYAMASHEKE KU ITARIKI YA 16 MATA 1994...................................................................................................................................................... 95 8. IGITERO CYAGABWE KURI PARUWASI YA SHANGI KU ITARIKI YA 29 MATA 1994 .................................................................................................................................................................. 110 9. IGITERO CYAGABWE KURI PARUWASI YA MIBILIZI KU ITARIKI YA 30 MATA 1994 .................................................................................................................................................................. 131
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Amategeko ........................................................................................................... 170 Ikurikizwa ryayo mategeko muri uru rubanza ................................................... 172 Umwanzuro wUrugereko ................................................................................... 173
Igitero rusange kandi kiri kuri gahunda............................................................... 174 Itsembatsemba ..................................................................................................... 175 Ikurikizwa ryayo mategeko muri uru rubanza ................................................... 175 Umwanzuro wUrugereko ................................................................................... 176
UMUTWE WA IV: IMIKIRIZE YURUBANZA ................................................................ 176 UMUTWE WA V: IGENABIHANO .................................................................................... 177 1. INTANGIRIRO..................................................................................................................... 177 1.1 1.2 1.3 Ibivugwa nababuranyi ........................................................................................ 177 Isesengura ryUrugereko ..................................................................................... 178 Icyemezo cyUrugereko gishingiye kuri uyu mwanzuro .................................... 181
UMUGEREKA B: INYANDIKO ZIFASHISHIJWE, IBISOBANURO BYAMAGAMBO NIMPINE ZAMAGAMBO BYAKORESHEJWE ............................................................ 188 1. UBUKEMURAMANZA ....................................................................................................... 188 a. TPIR [Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga Rwashyiriweho u Rwanda] ............ 188
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b. TPIY [Urukiko Mpanambyaha Mpuzamahanga rwashyiriweho Icyahoze ari Yugosilaviya] ................................................................................................................. 195
2. IBISOBANURO BYAMAGAMBO AMWE NAMWE YAKORESHEJWE NIMPINAMAGAMBO [MU MWIMERERE] .................................................................................. 199
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UMUTWE WA MBERE 1: INTANGIRIRO 1. INCAMAKE i. Intangiriro 1. Uru Rugereko rwaburanishije urubanza rwa Yussuf Munyakazi, uvuka muri Komine ya Rwamatamu, Perefegitura ya Kibuye, mu Rwanda. Mu mwaka wa 1994, yari umuhinzi muri Komine ya Bugarama, Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. Porokireri ashingira ku bikorwa avuga ko Munyakazi yakoreye muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu, maze akamushinja ibirego bitatu bikurikira: jenoside, icyo kirego kitamuhama akaryozwa icyo kuba icyitso cyabakoze jenoside, nitsembatsemba nkicyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu. Ubwunganizi bwahakanye ibyo byaha byose. 2. Uru rubanza rwatangiye kuburanishwa ku itariki ya 22 Mata 2009, rurangira ku ya 15 Ukwakira 2009, iburanisha rikaba ryaramaze iminsi 19. Mu minsi 7 yiburanisha, Porokireri yahamagaje abatangabuhamya 11, naho Ubwunganizi buhamagaza abatangabuhamya 20, barimo nUregwa ubwe, mu minsi 12 yiburanisha. Ababuranyi batanze Imyanzuro nsozarubanza yanditse ku itariki ya 16 Ukuboza 2009, naho iyo mu magambo itangwa mu iburanisha ryo ku itariki ya 28 Mutarama 2010. ii. Alibi [Imyiregurire ya sinari mpari]
3.
Munyakazi yiyambaje inshuro ebyiri imyiregurire ya sinari mpari. Inshuro ya mbere yabikoze ku birebana nibivugwa ko ku itariki ya 16 Mata 1994, yagiye mu gitero cyagabwe kuri Paruwasi ya Nyamasheke. Inshuro ya kabiri abikora ku bivugwa ko ku itariki ya 29 niya 30 Mata 1994, yagiye mu bitero byagabwe kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi niya Mibilizi. Urugereko ntirwemeye iyo myiregurire ya sinari mpari yombi.
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iii. Kuba Munyakazi yari umukuru wInterahamwe zo mu Bugarama 4. Inyandiko yibirego ivuga ko Munyakazi yari umukuru wInterahamwe za MRND zo mu Bugarama, akaba yari azifiteho ububasha ariko adakomora ku mategeko1. 5. Abatangabuhamya bashinja bavuga ko Munyakazi yari umukuru wInterahamwe zo mu Bugarama. Yajyaga muri za mitingi aherekejwe nInterahamwe, akoresha zimwe muri zo mu kumurindira umutekano, arazicumbikira kandi arazigaburira, ndetse akaba yari yarazihaye imwe mu nzu ze ngo ibe icyicaro gikuru cyazo. Byongeye kandi, abatangabuhamya bavuga ko Munyakazi yayoboye Interahamwe zo mu Bugarama mu bitero byagabwe kuri Parawusi ya Nyamasheke, iya Shangi niya Mibilizi. Abatangabuhamya bashinjura bo bavuga ko Munyakazi yari umusaza utari ushishikajwe nibya politiki, ahubwo wari ushishakajwe gusa nibyubuhinzi nibyidini rye. Nubwo Urugereko rusanga Munyakazi atari umuyobozi wInterahamwe zo mu Bugarama ku buryo buzwi mu rwego rwamategeko, rusanga, mu byukuri, yaraziyoboye mu bitero byagabwe kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi niya Mibilizi. iv. Gushaka abantu bo kwinjiza mu mutwe wInterahamwe no kubaha imyitozo 6. Inyandiko yibirego ivuga ko, afatanyije nabandi benshi, Munyakazi yagize uruhare mu gushaka abantu bo kwinjiza mu mutwe wInterahamwe zo mu Bugarama no guha imyitozo abagize uwo mutwe2. 7. Umutangabuhamya ushinja wiswe BWW ni we wenyine uvuga ko Munyakazi yagize uruhare mu gushaka abantu bo kwinjiza mu mutwe wInterahamwe. Avuga ko mu mwaka wa 1990, Munyakazi, nkumuyoboke wishyaka rya MRND, yazengurutse ako karere ashishikariza urubyiruko kwinjira mu mutwe wurubyiruko rwiryo shyaka. Urugereko rusanga Inyandiko yibirego itarebana nibyabaye mu mwaka wa 1990, kandi Porokireri ntiyatanze ibimenyetso byerekana ko muri uwo mwaka umutwe wInterahamwe wari uriho. BWW, wabaye icyitso cyUregwa, arahuzagurika
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Inyandiko yibirego yahinduwe bwa kabiri ( Inyandiko yibirego ), igika cya 1. Inyandiko yibirego, igika cya 8. 5
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ku byerekeranye nitariki yinjiriye mu mutwe wInterahamwe kandi nta bisobanuro atanga ku birebana no kwinjiza abantu muri uwo mutwe mu gihe ibivugwa mu Nyandiko yibirego byabaga. Kubera iyo mpamvu, Urugereko rusanga ubuhamya bwuwo mugabo butahabwa agaciro kanini, kubera ko ibyo avugamo byose bidafite ubundi buhamya bubishyigikira. 8. Abatangabuhamya batatu bashinja bavuga ko Interahamwe zo mu Bugarama zahawe imyitozo ya gisirikare. Bavuga ko uwitwa Athanase Ndutiye, uzwi na none ku izina rya Tarek Aziz, wabaga muri imwe mu mazu ya Munyakazi, yari umwe mu batozaga izo Nterahamwe, cyangwa akaba yari akuriye abazitozaga. Umwe muri abo batangabuhamya avuga ko hari umunsi umwe Munyakazi na Tarek Aziz bombi bari aho imyitozo yakorerwaga. Uretse ubu buhamya, nta bundi Porokireri yashyikirije Urugereko bwerekana ko hari ahantu Munyakazi yari ahuriye niyo myitozo. Byongeye kandi, Porokireri ntiyashoboye kwerekana ko uretse kuba Tarek Aziz yari acumbitse mu nzu ya Munyakazi, hari ikindi cyahuzaga aba bagabo bombi. Urugereko rusanga Porokireri atarashoboye kugaragaza, ku buryo budashidikanywaho, ko Munyakazi yashatse abantu bo kwinjiza mu mu twe wInterahamwe zo mu Bugarama cyangwa se ko yahaye uwo mutwe imyitozo.
v. Kubika intwaro no kuzikwirakwiza mu bantu 9. Inyandiko yibirego ivuga ko Munyakazi yahaye Interahamwe zo mu Bugarama intwaro, kenshi zabikwaga iwe3. 10. Umutangabuhamya umwe ushinja avuga ko intwaro zabikwaga kwa Munyakazi. Mu buhamya bwe, uyu mugabo wari icyitso cyUregwa arangwa no guhuzagurika no gukabya inkuru. Undi mutangabuhamya ushinja avuga ko Munyakazi yahaye abantu intwaro mu gitero cyo kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi. Uyu mutangabuhamya na we yari icyitso cya Munyakazi kandi ntiyari azi Munyakazi neza. Urugereko ntirushira amakenga ubuhamya bwabo bagabo bombi, bityo rukaba rwaremeye gusa ibyo bavuga igihe byabaga hari ubundi buhamya bubishyigikira. Kubera ibibazo byerekeranye nukwizerwa kwaba batangabuhamya, Urugereko rusanga Porokireri
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ataragaragaje, ku buryo budashidikanywaho, ko Munyakazi yahaye Interahamwe intwaro cyangwa ko hari inzu ye nimwe yabitsemo intwaro zigenewe Interahamwe. vi. 11. Kugaburira Interahamwe no kuzitwara mu modoka
Inyandiko yibirego ivuga ko Munyakazi ari umwe mu bantu bagaburiraga Interahamwe zo mu Bugarama, kandi akenshi akazitwara mu modoka zijya cyangwa ziva ahantu hanyuranye hakorewe ubwicanyi4.
12.
Abatangabuhamya babiri bashinja bavuga ko Interahamwe zaryaga kwa Munyakazi. Urugereko rusanga ubuhamya bwabo bagabo bombi buvuguruzanya. Kubera iyo mpamvu, Urugereko rusanze Porokireri atarashoboye kugaragaza, ku buryo budashidikanywaho, ko Munyakazi yagaburiraga Interahamwe zo mu Bugarama cyangwa ko yitabiriye gahunda yo kugaburira Interahamwe.
13.
Hari Abatangabuhamya bashinja bemeza ko Munyakazi yayoboye ibitero byagabwe kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi ku itariki ya 29 Mata 1994 no kuri Paruwasi ya Mibilizi ku ya 30 Mata 1994. Bemeza kandi ko Munyakazi yageze aho ibyaha byakorewe, hamwe nimodoka ebyiri zari zitwaye Interahamwe. Abatangabuhamya bashinjura bahakana ko Munyakazi yagize uruhare muri ibyo bitero. Urugereko rwa Mbere rwIremezo rusanga Munyakazi yarayoboye ibyo bitero, kandi ko yageze aho byagabwe hamwe nimodoka ebyiri zari zitwaye Intehamwe zitari izo mu duce twa Shangi na Mibilizi. Urugereko rwa Mbere rwIremezo rwemeje rero nta gushidikanya ko Munyakazi yatanze inkunga yo gutwara Interahamwe zo mu Bugarama zijya aho hantu hombi hakorewe ibyaha. vii. Paruwasi ya Nyamasheke
14.
Inyandiko yibirego ivuga ko Munyakazi yatwaye mu modoka Interahamwe zo mu Bugarama azijyana kuri Paruwasi ya Nyamasheke, muri Komine ya Kagano,
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Perefegitura ya Cyangugu, aho ubwe yafashije Interahamwe mu kwica Abatutsi babasiviri babarirwa mu magana bari barahahungiye5. 15. Porokireri yahamagaje abatangabuhamya babiri ku birebana nubwicanyi bwakorewe kuri Paruwasi ya Nyamasheke ku itariki ya 16 Mata 1994. Abo batangabuhamya bemeza ko Munyakazi yayoboye Interahamwe zagabye igitero kuri Paruwasi mu gitondo cyo ku itariki ya 16 Mata 1994. Ubwunganizi buvuga ko igitero gikaze cyabaye ku itariki ya 15 Mata 1994 kandi ko Munyakazi atari akirimo. Bukomeza buvuga ko ku munsi wakurikiyeho nta gitero cyagabwe aho hantu kandi birumvikana ko nta cyari gutuma hagabwa ikindi gitero kubera ko impunzi zose zari kuri paruwasi zari zishwe ku itariki ya 15 Mata 1994. 16. Urugereko rwitaye kandi ku buhamya buvuga ko uwo munsi Interahamwe zo mu Bugarama zagabye igitero kuri CIMERWA no kuri Paruwasi ya Nyamasheke. Ntibishoboka ko uwo munsi Interahamwe zaba zaragabye ibyo bitero byombi kubera ko hagati yaho hantu hombi hari intera yibirometero 85. Ntihatanzwe ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko Interahamwe zigabanyijemo amatsinda abiri cyangwa arenzeho. 17. Kubera iyo mpamvu, rushingiye ku buhamya bwatanzwe ku gitero cyagabwe kuri CIMERWA ndetse no ku buhamya bushinjura buvuga ko nta gitero cyagabwe kuri Paruwasi ya Nyamasheke ku itariki ya 16 Mata 1994, Urugereko rusanga Porokireri ataragaragaje ku buryo budashidikanywaho ko Munyakazi yagabye igitero kuri Paruwasi ya Nyamasheke ku itariki ya 16 Mata 1994. viii. Paruwasi ya Shangi
18.
Inyandiko yibirego ivuga kandi ko Munyakazi yatwaye mu modoka Interahamwe zo mu Bugarama azijyanye kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi, muri Komine ya Gafunzo, Perefegitura ya Cyangugu, aho ubwe yafashije izo Nterahamwe kwica Abatutsi babasiviri babarirwa mu magana bari barahahungiye6.
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Inyandiko yibirego, igika cya 12. Inyandiko yibirego, igika cya 13. 8
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19.
Abatangabuhamya batandatu bashinja ni bo batanze ubuhamya ku gitero cyagabwe kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi ku itariki ya 29 Mata 1994. Abo batangabuhamya bavuga ko Munyakazi yayoboye Interahamwe zagabye igitero kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi ku itariki ya 29 Mata 1994 nyuma ya saa sita. Bemeza ko icyo gitero cyahitanye Abatutsi babasiviri bagera ku bihumbi bitanu. Urugereko rwa Mbere rwIremezo rusanga ubu buhamya bwakwizerwa. Urugereko ntirwahaye agaciro kanini ubuhamya bwabagabo batatu bashinjura kubera ko bavuga ibyo batahagazeho. Mu byukuri, abo batangabuhamya bavuga ko batigeze bumva ko Munyakazi yagize uruhare muri icyo gitero.
20.
Kubera izo mpamvu, Urugereko rusanze Porokireri yaragaragaje, nta gushidikanya, ko Munyakazi yayoboye igitero cyagabwe kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi ku itariki ya 29 Mata 1994. ix. Paruwasi ya Mibilizi
21.
Inyandiko yibirego ivuga ko Munyakazi yatwaye mu modoka Interahamwe zo mu Bugarama azijyana kuri Paruwasi ya Mibilizi, muri Komine ya Cyimbogo, Perefegitura ya Cyangugu, aho ubwe yategetse Interahamwe kwica Abatutsi bigitsina gabo gusa7.
22.
Abatangabuhamya bane bashinja bemeza ko Munyakazi yayoboye Interahamwe zagabye igitero kuri Paruwasi ya Mibilizi ku itariki ya 30 Mata 1994, kandi ko icyo gitero cyahitanye Abatutsi babasiviri babarirwa hagati ya 60 na 100. Urugereko rwa Mbere rwIremezo rusanga ubu buhamya bwakwizerwa. Urugereko nta gaciro kanini rwahaye ubuhamya bwumugabo ushinjura wemeza ko nta gitero cyagabwe aho hantu ku itariki ya 30 Mata 1994, kimwe nubwabandi bagabo bashinjura kubera ko bavuga ibyo batahagazeho, bakaba bavuga gusa ko batigeze bumva ko Munyakazi yagize uruhare muri icyo gitero.
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23.
Kubera izo mpamvu, Urugereko rusanze Porokireri yaragaragaje, ku buryo budashidikwanywaho, ko Munyakazi yayoboye igitero cyagabwe kuri Paruwasi ya Mibilizi ku itariki ya 30 Mata 1994.
24.
Urugereko rwa Mbere rwIremezo rusanga Porokireri ataragaragaje ku buryo budashidikanywaho ko Uregwa yitabiriye umugambi mubisha uhuriweho, nkuko bivugwa mu gika cya 4 cyInyandiko yibirego. Cyakora, rushingiye ku Ngingo ya 6 (1), rusanga Yussuf Munyakazi yarakoze ubwicanyi butsemba imbaga kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi ku itariki ya 29 Mata 1994 no kuri Paruwasi ya Mibilizi ku ya 30 Mata 1994.
25.
Nubwo hatatanzwe ikimenyetso kitaziguye kigaragaza ko Munyakazi yari asanzwe yanga urunuka Abatutsi babasiviri, Urugereko rwa Mbere rwIremezo rushingiye ku bimenyetso biziguye rusanga yari afite umugambi wo kurimbura Abatutsi babasiviri bose uko bakabaye cyangwa igice cyabo. Byongeye kandi, Porokireri yatanze ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko hujujwe ibisabwa byingenzi kugira ngo hemezwe ko ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu byabayeho.
26.
Kubera iyo mpamvu, Munyakazi ahamwa nicyaha cya jenoside (Ikirego cya 1) nitsembatsemba nkicyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu (Ikirego cya 3). Ntahamwa nicyaha cyo kuba icyitso cyabakoze jenoside (Ikirego cya 2).
xi. Igenabihano 27. Urugereko rwazirikanye uburemere bwa buri cyaha gihama Munyakazi, impamvu zongera uburyozwacyaha nimpamvu zibworoshya. Urugereko rukatiye Munyakazi igihano kimwe rukumbi cyimyaka 25 yigifungo. Azaguma muri Gereza yUrukiko mu gihe agitegereje koherezwa mu gihugu azarangirizamo igihano cye.
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2. IBIREGO POROKIRERI YAKUYEHO 28. Mu mpera ziburanisha, Porokireri yavuze ko atagikurikiranye Munyakazi ku birego bivugwa mu gika cya 11 nicya 15 byo mu Nyandiko yibirego8. Kubera iyo mpamvu, Urugereko ntirwasuzumye ibyo birego. 3. YUSSUF MUNYAKAZI 29. Mbere na mbere, Urugereko rusanga amakuru menshi yerekeranye nimibereho bwite yUregwa ari ayo yitangiye ubwe. Yussuf Munyakazi yavukiye muri Komine ya Rwamatamu, Perefegitura ya Kibuye, mu Rwanda, mu mwaka wa 19369 kandi ni umuyisilamu10. Ntiyigeze ajya mu ishuri ariko yakurikiye porogaramu yo gusoma no kwandika igenewe abantu bakuru yashyizweho mu mwaka wa 1968 maze yiga gusoma no kwandika ikinyarwanda11. Muri Mata 1994, Munyakazi yari afite abagore babiri nabana 1312. 30. Munyakazi yimukiye mu Bugarama muri Mutarama 1960 maze atangira kugura amasambu yo gukoreramo imirimo yubuhinzi13. Muri Mata 1994, yari umuhinzi ukomeye, kandi afite namasambu ajya kuba manini14. Yari anafite amazu ane nimodoka eshatu15. Urugereko rubona ko mu gihe intambara yatangiraga, Munyakazi yari umukire ukurikije imitungo yabantu mu Bugarama. 31. Munyakazi ni umwe mu bantu bashinze koperative yubuhinzi yitwa CAVECUVI, mu mwaka wa 196816. Mu mwaka wa 1991, yatorewe kuba Perezida wa CAVECUVI
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 4 Kamena 2009, urup. 35; Inyandiko yibirego ibika 11,15. Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 15 Ukwakira 2009, urup. 13. Inyandiko yibirego ya kabiri yahinduwe, mu gika cya 1 havugwamo ko yavutse mu mwaka wa 1935. 10 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Ukwakira 2009, imp. 31, 50; Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 15 Ukwakira 2009, urup. 32. 11 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Ukwakira 2009, urup. 20; Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 15 Ukwakira 2009, urup. 12. 12 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Ukwakira 2009, urup. 25; Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Ukwakira 2009, urup. 33. 13 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Ukwakira 2009, imp. 1-2. 14 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Ukwakira 2009, imp. 2-4, 10-12; Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 15 Ukwakira 2009, imp. 12-13. 15 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 15 Ukwakira 2009, urup. 13. 16 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Ukwakira 2009, urup. 19. 11 CI10-0010K
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kandi yagumye kuri uwo mwanya kugeza muri Gicurasi 199317. Ubwo Banki yabaturage yashingwaga muri Bugarama, yayibereye Perezida18. Cyakora, igihe yamaze kuri uyu mwanya ntikizwi. 32. Na nyuma yishingwa ryamashyaka menshi mu Rwanda mu mwaka wa 1991, Munyakazi yakomeje kuba umuyoboke wishyaka rya MRND ariko ntiyari afite umwanya uzwi mu buyobozi bwiryo shyaka19. 33. Ku itariki ya 7 Nyakanga 1994, Munyakazi yahungiye muri Repuburika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo (DRC).20 Yafatiweyo ku itariki ya 5 Gicurasi 2004 yimurirwa ku Rukiko ku itariki ya 7 Gicurasi 200421. UMUTWE WA II: IMYANZURO ISHINGIYE KU BYABAYE
1. INTANGIRIRO 34. Mu myanzuro yarwo ishingiye ku byabaye, Urugereko rurasuzuma niba Porokireri yaragaragaje, ku buryo budashidikanywaho, ibyo avuga mu Nyandiko yibirego no mu myanzuro ye nsozarubanza, mu rwego rwo gushyigikira ikirego cya jenoside nicyibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu.
2. ALIBI [IMYIREGURIRE YA SINARI MPARI] Intangiriro 35. Urugereko ruributsa ko ubukemuramanza buteganya ko uregwa atari we ufite
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Ukwakira 2009, imp. 20-21. Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 15 Ukwakira 2009, urup. 12. 19 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Ukwakira 2009, urup. 21; Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 15 Ukwakira 2009, imp. 20-21. 20 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 15 Ukwakira 2009, urup. 18. In 1994, igihugu cya Repubulika iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo, cyahoze yitwa Zayire. 21 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Ukwakira 2009, imp. 33-34. 12 CI10-0010K
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mpari ari ukuri22. Urugereko rwUbujurire rwongeye kwemeza amahame shingiro yerekeranye nubuhamya bushyigikira imyiregurire ya sinari mpari:
Alibi si ukwiregura nyirizina. Iyo atanze alibi, uregwa gusa aba ahakana ko atari gushobora gukora icyaha aregwa. Uregwa ntafite inshingano yo kugaragaza nta gushyidikanya ko alibi ye ari ukuri. Ahubwo agomba gusa gutanga ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko atari aho icyaha aregwa cyakorewe igihe cyakorwaga cyangwa agatanga ibimenyetso bishobora gutuma ibyo Porokireri avuga bishidikanywaho . Alibi iremerwa iyo, hashyizwe mu gaciro, ishobora kuba ari ukuri. Iyo alibi itanzwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko, Porokireri agomba kugaragaza, ku buryo budashidikanywaho ko ibyo aregera ari ukuri kabone nubwo alibi itanzwe. Porokireri ashobora kubikora agaragaza ko, hashyizwe mu gaciro, alibi iterekeranye nigihe kivugwa ko uregwa yakozemo icyaha. Iyo ibimenyetso bishyigikira alibi bigaragaza ibyo uregwa yakoze mu gihe icyaha cyakorwaga, Porokireri agomba gutanga ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko, hashyize mu gaciro alibi idashobora kuba ari ukuri , nkurugero, akagaragaza ko ibimenyetso bishyigikira alibi bitakwizerwa23.
36.
Nkuko biteganywa nIngingo ya 67(A)(ii)(a), Ubwunganizi bufite inshingano yo kumenyesha Porokireri ko buteganya kwiregura bushingiye kuri alibi. Ubwunganizi bugomba kugaragaza icyo cyifuzo mbere yuko iburanisha ritangira kandi bugatanga amakuru asobanutse kugira ngo Porokireri ashobore gutegura icyo ayavugaho24. Iyo ubwunganizi budatanze impamvu zumvikana zatumye butabimenyesha Porokireri, bishobora kugira ingaruka mu isuzuma rikorwa nUrugereko rwa Mbere rwIremezo ku kwizerwa kwimyiregurire ya sinari mpari25.
37.
Munyakazi yitabaza ingingo ebyiri imyiregurire ye ya sinari mpari ishingiyeho. Ku byerekeranye nitariki ya 16 Mata 1994, ubwo igitero cyagabwaga kuri Paruwasi ya Nyamasheke, avuga ko yitabiriye ibikorwa bibiri byo gufasha abaturanyi be akaba ataravuye muri Komine ya Bugarama. Ku byerekeranye nitariki ya 29 niya 30 Mata 1994, ubwo kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi niya Mibilizi hagabwaga ibitero, Munyakazi avuga ko yagiye mu kiriyo cyamaze iminsi itatu cyinshuti ye yari yitabye Imana.
Urubanza rwa Zigiranyirazo mu bujurire, 16 Ugushyingo 2009, igika 17. Reba na none urubanza rwa Niyitegeka mu bujurire, 9 Nyakanga 2004, igika 60; Urubanza rwa Kajelijeli mu bujurire, 23 Gicurasi 2005, ibika. 42-43; Urubanza rwa Delalic na bagenzi be mu bujurire, 20 Gashyantare 2001, igika cya 581; Urubanza rwa Musema mu bujurire, 16 Ugushyingo 2001, igika cya 202; Urubanza rwa Kayishema na Ruzindana mu bujurire, 1 Kamena 2001, igika cya 113. 23 Urubanza rwa Zigiranyirazo mu bujurire, ibika. 17-18 (ibyasubiwemo bikuwe ahandi ntibyongewemo). 24 Urubanza rwa Kayishema na Ruzindana mu bujurire, 1 Kamena 2001, igika cya 111. 25 Urubanza rwa Semanza mu bujurire, 20 Gicurasi 2005, igika cya 93. Reba na none urubanza rwa Kayishema na Ruzindana mu rwIremezo, 21 Gicurasi 1999, igika cya 237. 13 CI10-0010K
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Munyakazi avuga rero ko ibyaha bivugwa kuva ku gika cya 12 kugeza ku cya 14 byo mu Nyandiko yibirego byakorewe ahantu atari ari icyo gihe. Alibi yerekeranye nitariki ya 16 Mata 1994
Yussuf Munyakazi 38. Munyakazi avuga ko ku itariki ya 16 Mata 1994 atageze kuri Paruwasi ya Nyamasheke. Avuga ko uwo munsi yagumye mu Bugarama ngo afasha inshuti nabaturanyi26. 39. Munyakazi avuga ko ku itariki ya 15 Mata 1994 umutangabuhamya ushinja witwa Esidras Musengayire27 yavuye ku bitaro bya Mibilizi kubera ko umutekano wagendaga urushaho kuba muke mu gace ka Mibilizi, nubwo yari atarakira neza ibikomere yatewe na gerenade bamuteye ku itariki ya 7 Mata28. Bukeye, Munyakazi yashatse uburyo bwo kujyana Musengayire muri Repuburika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo mu modoka ngo ahavurirwe. Mu gitondo cya kare cyo ku itariki ya 16 Mata 1994, Munyakazi nabaturanyi be bemeranyije ko uwitwa Andr Nyirimbibi yafasha Musengayire kwambuka umugezi akajya muri Repuburika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo. Nyirimbibi yajyanye rero na Musengayire nkuko byari byateguwe. Munyakazi yasigaye mu Bugarama ategereje ko Nyirimbibi agaruka akamubwira niba yashoboye kugeza Musengayire muri Repuburika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo29. Ahagana saa tanu za mu gitondo, Nyirimbibi yagarutse mu Bugarama maze abwira Munyakazi ko yashoboye kwambutsa Musengayire umupaka akajya muri Repuburika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo30. Uwo munsi mu masaa sita, hashize umwanya muto
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Ukwakira 2009, imp. 47-49; Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 15 Ukwakira 2009, urup. 33. 27 Umutangabuhamya yagiye avuga Esidras Musengayire mu buryo butandukanye amwita Esidras, Esdras, cyangwa Ezra. 28 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 15 Ukwakira 2009, urup. 33. 29 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Ukwakira 2009, imp. 44-46. 30 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Ukwakira 2009, urup. 45. 14 CI10-0010K
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agarutse, Nyirimbibi yarafashwe arakubitwa maze ategekwa gutanga ihazabu kubera ko yari yacikishije Musengayire31. 40. Ku itariki ya 16 Mata 1994, mu masaa kumi nimwe zigicamunsi, Munyakazi yamenye ko uwitwa Isaac Burege yishwe mu gitero cyagabwe uwo munsi ku ruganda rwa CIMERWA. Munyakazi numushoferi we bagiye kuri CIMERWA basanga koko Burege yishwe. Munyakazi yabonye umugore wa Burege nabana be batanu maze ahagana mu masaa kumi nimwe nigice zigicamunsi abajyana iwe ngo baharindirwe umutekano32. Umutangabuhamya ushinja witwa Esidras Musengayire 41. Musengayire yari ku bitaro bya Mibilizi kuva ku itariki ya 7 Mata 1994 kugera ahagana ku ya 1 Gicurasi 1994. Andr Nyirimbibi yaje kumureba ku bitaro maze nyuma amujyana muri Repuburika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo. Uyu mutangabuhamya avuga ko yaraye ijoro rimwe kwa Nyirimbibi, maze akajya muri Repuburika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo hagati yitariki ya 3 niya 4 Gicurasi 199433.
Imyiregurire ya sinari mpari ku byerekeranye namatariki ya 29-30 Mata 1994 Yussuf Munyakazi 42. Munyakazi avuga ko atigeze agera kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi ku itariki ya 29 Mata 1994 no kuri Paruwasi ya Mibilizi ku itariki ya 30 Mata 199434, maze agatanga ibisobanuro bitandukanye byibintu yakoze kuri ayo matariki. Mu ibazwa ryibanze ryo ku itariki ya 14 Ukwakira 2009, Munyakazi avuga ko ku itariki ya 29 Mata 1994 atavuye iwe. Ku itariki ya 29 hari ku wa gatanu, umunsi wikiruhuko ku Bayisilamu,
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Ukwakira 2009, urup. 46; Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 15 Ukwakira 2009, urup. 59. 32 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Ukwakira 2009, urup. 48. 33 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 24 Mata 2009, imp. 5-6. Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 27 Mata 2009,, imp. 9-10. 34 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 15 Ukwakira 2009, urup. 29. 15 CI10-0010K
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Munyakazi yagiye gusenga saa cyenda nigice zamanywa yongera gusubirayo saa kumi nebyiri zumugoroba. Hagati yayo masaha yombi yasomaga ikorowani35. 43. Mu buhamya yatanze mu Rukiko bukeye ku itariki ya 15 Ukwakira 2009, Munyakazi yavuze ko ku itariki ya 27 Mata 1994, umuntu witwa Emedeyo Kabungo yishwe amaze gufasha Umututsi witwa Gratien Gahizi kwambuka umupaka akajya muri Repuburika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo. Munyakazi yagiye mu rugo rwa Kabungo mu mihango yo gushyingura nyakwigendera yatangiye saa munani zamanywa ku itariki ya 29 Mata 1994 maze ikiriyo kimara iminsi itatu, nkuko bigenda mu muco wAbayisilamu36. Isesengura ryUrugereko Kumenyekanisha ko hazitabazwa imyiregurire ya sinari mpari
44.
Urugereko
bushingiye kuri alibi nkuko biteganywa nIngingo ya 67 (A) (ii). Cyakora, kuba butarabimenyekanishije mu buryo buteganywa nIngingo ya 67 (A) (ii) ntibivuga ko ukwiregura gushingiye kuri alibi kudashobora kwifashishwa. Ingingo ya 67 (B) iteganya ko uregwa afite uburenganzira bwo kwiregura ashingiye kuri alibi, kabone niyo yaba atarabimenyekanishije mbere37. Ibiteganywa niyi ngingo bijyanye nihame rivuga ko uregwa aba ari umwere igihe atari yahamwa nicyaha ndetse bikajyana nihame rivuga ko Porokireri afite inshingano zo kugaragaza, ku buryo budashidikanywaho, ko uregwa yakoze koko icyaha38. 45. Cyakora, Urugereko rusanga na none uretse kuba butaratanze inyandiko imenyekanisha alibi mbere yuko urubanza rutangira, Ubwunganizi butaranamenyekanishije ko Munyakazi azifashisha alibi, mu ibaza rinyomoza
35 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Ukwakira 2009, imp. 50-51; Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 15 Ukwakira 2009, imp. 32, 50. 36 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 15 Ukwakira 2009, imp. 1-3, 32, 54-55. 37 Ingingo ya 67 (B) igira iti: Kuba ubwunganizi butaramenyesheje Porokireri ubwo buryo bwo kwiregura mu nyandiko ntibibuza uregwa uburenganzira bwo kubukoresha . 38 Urubanza rwa Nchamihigo mu rwIremezo, 12 Ugushyingo 2008, igika cya 20. Reba na none urubanza rwa Nchamihigo mu bujurire, ibika 94-99 hasubirwamo Icyemezo Urugereko rwa Mbere rwIremezo rwafashe kuri iyi ngingo. 16 CI10-0010K
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ryabatangabuhamya bashinja, mu myanzuro ibanziriza itangwa ryibimenyetso bishinjura no mu buhamya bwabagabo bashinjura. Imyiregurire ya sinari mpari yitabajwe gusa igihe Uregwa yatangaga ubuhamya nkumugabo wa nyuma ushinjura. 46. Mu myanzuro nsozarubanza yatanzwe mu magambo, Ubwunganizi bwemeye ko butari bwaratanze inyandiko imenyekanisha ko kwiregura byari gushingira kuri alibi, ariko buvuga ko bwari bwarabikomojeho muri imwe mu myanzuro yabwo yanditse ibanziriza itangwa ryibimenyetso bishinjura39. Urugereko rusanga muri iyo myanzuro, Ubwunganizi buvuga gusa ko uwo munsi Munyakazi yagiye ku musigiti inshuro nyinshi kandi ko yavuye muri Komine ya Bugarama agiye gusa gutabara Abatutsi40. Mu myanzuro nsozarubanza bwatanze mu magambo, Ubwunganizi buvuga ko butari bwaramenyekanishije ko bwari kwiregura bushingiye kuri alibi kubera ibibazo byisemura no kubera ko butari bwizeye ko Munyakazi yari gutanga ubuhamya:
... ntitwagiranye na Bwana Munyakazi ikiganiro, kigomba kuba byanze bikunze hari umusemuzi, cyerekeranye no kumenya niba yari kwiregura ashingiye kuri alibi. Ubwo twaganiraga akaduhishurira ko ashaka gutanga ubuhamya bwo kwishinjura, ni bwo twamenye ko ashaka kwiregura ashingiye kuri alibi 41.
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 28 Mutarama 2010, imp. 34-35. Imyanzuro ibanziriza itangwa ryibimenyetso bishinjura, ibika 11, 23. 41 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 28 Mutarama 2010, urup. 51 (urup. 59 mu gifaransa). NEKUIE: Icya kabiri, ni ngombwa ko menyesha Urugereko rwa Mbere rwIremezo ko Ubwunganizi bwa Bwana Yussuf Munyakazi bwahuye nibibazo. Urugereko rwa Mbere rwIremezo ruzi kandi ko, ubwo Ubwunganizi uko buteye ubu bwatangiraga gutegura iyi dosiye ntibwari buzi ko Bwana Munyakazi azatanga ubuhamya mu rubanza rwe. Bityo rero bukaba butaraganiriye na Bwana Munyakazi kuri icyo kibazo, kandi icyo kiganiro cyari kuba hifashishijwe umusemuzi akaba ari yo mpamvu Ubwunganizi butari buzi ko Uregwa yari kwitabaza imyiregurire ya sinari mpari. Kubera iyo mpamvu, twamenye ko azitabaza imyiregurire ya sinari mpari ubwo yiyemezaga gutanga ubuhamya mu rubanza rwe. Ubwunganizi ntibwigeze rero na rimwe bushaka guhisha Porokireri ko buzakoresha alibi mu miburanire ya bwo. Ibyo ari byo byose, iki ni igisobanuro dutanze kugira ngo Urugereko rwa Mbere rwIremezo rutavuga ko Ubwunganizi bwaba bwarateshutse ku nshingano zabwo, kubera ko amategeko agenga uru Rukiko atwemerera gukoresha ubu buryo bwo kwiregura kabone niyo byaba ku munota wa nyuma kandi na Porokireri arabizi. Nashakaga rero kubisobanura kugira ngo gusa izi ngamba zafashwe nUbwunganizi zumvikane. NEKUIE (mu gifaransa, urup. 59): Icya kabiri : ni ngombwa ko menyesha Urugereko ko Ubwunganizi bwa Bwana Yussuf Munyakazi bwahuye ningorane Urugereko ruzi kandi ko, ubwo Ubwunganizi uko buteye ubu bwatangiraga gutegura iyi dosiye ntibwari buzi ko Bwana Munyakazi azatanga ubuhamya mu rubanza rwe Kubera iyo mpamvu, nta kiganiro twagiranye na Bwana Munyakazi kigomba kuba hari umusemuzi, kugira ngo tumenye ko yari kwiregura akoresheje alibi. Tuganiriye, ubwo yiyemezaga gutanga ubuhamya mu rubanza rwe ni bwo twamenye ko ashaka kwitbaza imyiregurire ya sinari mpari.
40
39
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47.
Ubwunganizi buvuga rero ko butangiye gutegura Munyakazi ngo atange ubuhamya ari bwo bwavumbuye ko ashobora kwireguza alibi ku minsi Porokireri avuga ko yitabiriye ibikorwa bibisha42. Urugereko
43
avuga ko avuga igiswayire , ari rwo rurimi kavukire rwa Avoka mukuru umwunganira wUmutanzaniya. Byongeye kandi, biratangaje kumva ko ku isaha ya cumi na rimwe yiburanisha ari bwo Ubwunganizi bwavumbuye ko Uregwa afite alibi yuzuye ku bitero bitatu ibirego ashinjwa bishingiyeho kandi igihe cyose cyiburanisha bwarabonanye kenshi nUregwa. Muri make, Urugereko rusanga rutakwemera impamvu Ubwunganizi butanga zatumye butamenyekanisha alibi. Imyiregurire ya sinari mpari yerekeranye nitariki ya 16 Mata 1994
48.
Ikimenyetso rukumbi gishyigikira alibi ya Munyakazi ku byerekeranye nitariki ya 16 Mata 1994 ni ubuhamya Munyakazi yatanze mu Rukiko.
49.
Munyakazi avuga ko ku itariki ya 16 Mata 1994 yateguye uburyo Musengayire ajyanwa muri Repuburika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo, afasha umuryango wa Burege kandi yitabira nimihango yidini. Ubuhamya bwe ntibufite ubundi bubushyigikira ndetse na Musengayire avuga ko atavuye ku bitaro bya Mibilizi mbere yintangiriro ya Gicurasi 1994. Mu ibaza rinyomoza, Ubwunganizi ntibwanyomoje
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Ukwakira 2009, urup. 49. JEGEDE : Madamu Perezida, hari icyo nshaka kubivugaho.Urugereko ruribuka ko Esdras yatanze ubuhamya mu Rukiko ariko ntiyabazwa icyo kibazo. Icyo kibazo nticyabajijwe. Ubu nibwo Ubwunganizi buvuze icyo kibazo cyerekeranye nimyiregurire ya sinari mpari. Cyakora niba Ubwunganizi buvuga ko ku itariki ya 16 Munyakazi yari ahandi hantu bwagombye kuba bwaratumenyesheje ko buzatanga alibi kandi bwashoboraga no kubikora nyuma yaho. Ariko kubikora ubu ntibyemewe na gato, Madamu Perezida. NEKUIE : ...Igihe twateguraga Bwana Munyakazi ngo atange ubuhamya ni bwo twabonye ko ashobora kuboneraho gusobanura ibyo yakoze ku itariki ya 16 Mata kandi ni byo turimo gukora. Sinzi impamvu bavuga ko twagombaga kuba twarabikoze igihe Esidras yatangaga ubuhamya. Ibi bivuga iki? Nta cyo bivuze kandi ntaho bishingiye mu mategeko. Sinifuza rero ko twata igihe kuri icyo kibazo, Madamu Perezida, kubera cyane cyane ko nta kitubuza kubaza ibi bibazo nkuko biteganywa nAmategeko Agenga Imiburanishirize nItangwa ryIbimenyetso. 43 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Ukwakira 2009, urup. 20. 18 CI10-0010K
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ubuhamya bwa Musengayire bwerekeranye niyi tariki44 kandi Musengayire yarabajijwe mu ibaza rinyomoza hashize iminsi itatu abajijwe ibibazo byibanze45. 50. Urugereko rusanga kandi Munyakazi yivuguruza mu bisobanuro byinshi atanga ku bintu yakoze ku itariki ya 16 Mata 1994. Nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, mu ibaza ryibanze, Munyakazi avuga ko ku itariki ya 15 Mata 1994, Nyirimbibi yakuye Musengayire ku bitaro bya Mibilizi akamujyana iwe [kwa Musengayire]. Ku itariki ya 16 Mata 1994, Munyakazi yagumye mu Bugarama ategereje ko Nyirimbibi agaruka akamubwira uko urugendo yagiriye muri Repuburika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo na Musengayire rwagenze. Saa tanu zamanywa, Nyirimbibi yabwiye Munyakazi ko urugendo rwagenze neza. Uwo munsi, saa kumi nimwe zigicamunsi, Munyakazi yamenye ko impunzi zAbatutsi zari ku Ruganda rwa CIMERWA zatewe kandi ko na Isaac Burege yishwe. Munyakazi yagiye kuri CIMERWA afata abantu bo mu muryango wa Burenge barokotse maze abajyana iwe. Bageze mu rugo iwe uwo munsi ahagana mu masaa kumi nimwe nigice zigicamunsi46. 51. Mu ibaza rinyomoza, Munyakazi avuga muri make ibyo yakoze ku itariki 16 Mata 1994 ariko asa naho abivuga mu buryo butandukanye nubwo yavuze mu ibaza ryibanze. Asa naho avuga bwa mbere ko mbere yo kujya kuri CIMERWA, ubwe yaherekeje Musengayire akamugeza muri Repuburika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo: Twagombaga kujyana Esidras muri Repuburika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo. ubwo rero najyanye Ezra muri Kongo nyuma njya kuri CIMERWA gufata umuryango . 47. Byongeye kandi, hari ukwivuguruza ku masaha Munyakazi avuga. Munyakazi avuga ko yamenye ibyigitero cyagabwe kuri CIMERWA niyicwa rya Burege ku itariki ya 16 Mata 1994 saa munani zamanywa 48, aho kuba saa kumi nimwe zigicamunsi nkuko yari yabivuze mu buhamya yari yaraye atanze. Munyakazi avuga ko Nyirimbibi amubwira ko urugendo rwo muri Repuburika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo rwari rwagenze neza hari saa mbiri za mu gitondo aho kuba saa tanu za mu gitondo nkuko yari yaraye abivuze. Mu gisobanuro cya
44 45
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Ukwakira 2009, imp. 45-47. Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 24 Mata 2009, imp. 5-6. Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 27 Mata 2009,, imp. 9-10. 46 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Ukwakira 2009, imp. 44-48. 47 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 15 Ukwakira 2009, urup. 33 (icyongereza), imp. 40-41 (Igifaransa). 48 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 15 Ukwakira 2009, urup. 33. 19 CI10-0010K
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gatatu, Munyakazi yongeraho ko ahagana mu masaa sita zamanywa, umuhungu we yamubwiye ko Nyirimbibi yakorewe ibikorwa byurugomo azira ko yari yafashije Musengayire kuva mu Rwanda49. 52. Nubwo ukwivuguruza ku ruhare rwa Munyakazi mu kujyana Musengayire muri Repuburika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo bishobora guterwa namakosa yimyandikire cyangwa ayisemura, Urugereko ruhangayikishijwe kurushaho nukundi kwivuguruza kwerekeranye namasaha Munyakazi yamenyeyeho ko Burege yishwe, amatariki Musengayire yaviriye ku bitaro bya Mibilizi, nisaha Munyakazi yamenyeyeho ko urugendo rwa Musengayire rwagenze neza. Hari ubwo uguhuzagurika mu kwibuka amasaha namatariki bishobora guterwa nigihe gishize. Cyakora, muri uru rubanza, ukwivuguruza kwabonetse mu bisobanuro Munyakazi yatanze mu minsi ibiri ikurikirana ku bintu bimwe byabaye. Kubera iyo mpamvu, Urugereko ntirushobora kuvuga ko uko kwivuguruza kwatewe nigihe gishize ibyabaye bivugwa bibaye. Nta na rimwe Ubwunganizi bwigeze buvuga ko ubushobozi Uregwa afite bwo kwibuka ibintu bwagabanutse kubera izabukuru cyangwa indi mpamvu. Bityo rero, Urugereko Mata 1994. 53. Kubera iyo mpamvu, Urugereko rusanga imyiregurire ya sinari mpari ya Munyakazi yerekeranye nitariki ya 16 Mata 1994 itakwizerwa. Cyakora, nkuko bigiye gusobanurwa birambuye, Porokireri ntiyatanze ibimenyetso bigaragaza ku buryo budashidikanywaho ko Munyakazi yitabiriye ibyabereye kuri Paruwasi ya Nyamasheke ku itariki ya 16 Mata 1994 (Reba Umutwe wa II.7). Imyiregurire ya sinari mpari yerekeranye nitariki ya 29 niya 30 Mata 1994 54. Porokireri avuga ko Munyakazi yagiye mu gitero cyagabwe kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi ku itariki ya 29 Mata 1994, ndetse ko yagiye no mu kindi cyagabwe kuri Paruwasi ya rwanzura ruvuga ko hari ukwivuguruza gukabije mu buhamya bwa Munyakazi ku byo yakoze ku itariki ya 16
49
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Mibilizi ku itariki ya 30 Mata 199450. Uregwa avuga ko kuri ayo matariki yombi yari mu mihango yo gushyingura uwitwa Emedeyo Kabungo. 55. Mbere na mbere, Urugereko rusanga mu byo yavuze ku munsi wa mbere
wubuhamya bwe mu Rukiko, Munyakazi yaratanze ibisobanuro ku bikorwa yakoze ku itariki ya 29 Mata 1994 maze ku munsi wa kabiri agatanga ubuhamya butandukanye cyane nubwo. Mu buhamya yatanze ku munsi wa kabiri, avuga ko, mu buhamya yatanze ku munsi wa mbere, yari yibagiwe gutanga ibisobanuro birambuye ku bintu yakoze ku itariki ya 29 Mata 199451. 56. Ku itariki ya 14 Ukwakira 2009,, ari wo munsi wa mbere Munyakazi yatanzeho ubuhamya mu Rukiko, yavuze ko ku itariki ya 29 Mata 1994 yagiye gusenga saa cyenda zamanywa na saa kumi nebyiri zumugoroba kandi ko hagati yayo masaha yombi yarimo asoma ikorowani. Ku munsi wa kabiri wibazwa ryibanze, asubiza ikibazo cya Avoka we ariko cyasaga nikiganisha ku gisubizo, ni bwo Munyakazi yibutse ko ku itariki ya 29 nyuma ya saa sita yagiye mu mihango yo gushyingura Kabungo kandi ko ikiriyo cyamaze iminsi itatu. Munyakazi ntiyatanze ibisobanuro kuri uko kwivuguruza. Nkurugero, ntiyasobanuye ko yitabiriye imihango yo gushyingura nyakwigendera ku itariki ya 29 ariko akahava igihe gito saa cyenda zamanywa na saa kumi nebyiri zumugoroba agiye ku musigiti gusenga. Kubera iyo mpamvu, Urugereko kwivuguruza. 57. Urugereko rusanga kandi Ubwunganizi butarahamagaje abatangabuhamya bo rusanga adatanga igisobanuro cyumvikana kuri uku
gushyigikira igice icyo ari cyo cyose cyimyiregurire ya sinari mpari ya Munyakazi. Ntibwatanze ikimenyetso ku rupfu rwa Kabungo, ntibwahamagaje umutangabuhamya numwe wari muri icyo kiriyo ndetse ntibwanatanze inyandiko zubuhamya bwabagabo runaka bashoboraga kubitangaho ubuhamya mu Rukiko, kandi Munyakazi yaravuze ko bamwe muri bo bakiriho ndetse ko nibura umwe muri bo akiba mu Bugarama52. Byongeye kandi, Ubwunganizi ntibwatanze ibimenyetso bishyigikira ibivugwa ko iyo umuntu yapfuye, mu Rwanda abayisilamu bafite umuco
Inyandiko yibirego, ibika 13, 14. Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Ukwakira 2009, imp. 50-51, Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 15 Ukwakira 2009, imp. 1-3. 52 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 15 Ukwakira 2009, urup. 32. 21 CI10-0010K
51 50
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rusanze
imyiregurire ya sinari mpari ya Munyakazi yerekeranye nitariki ya 29 niya 30 Mata 1994 itahabwa agaciro kanini. Nkuko bigiye gusobanurwa hano hasi, Urugereko rusanga agaciro kiyo myiregurire ya sinari mpari karashegeshwe nibimenyetso simusiga bishinja bigaragaza ko Munyakazi yari kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi ku itariki ya 29 Mata 1994 no ku ya Mibilizi ku itariki ya 30 Mata 1994 (Reba Imitwe wa II.7 nuwa II. 8). Umwanzuro wUrugereko 58. Urugereko ruributsa ko Ubwunganizi butamenyekanishije ko bwari kwireguza alibi kandi ko butatanze impamvu yumvikana yatumye butabikora. Nubwo budategetswe kubikora, kubimenyekanisha mbere bifite akamaro mu gusuzuma niba iyo myiregurire ya sinari mpari yakwizerwa. Byongeye kandi, nubwo ubusanzwe byaba bigoye cyane kwibuka ibintu byabaye ku munsi runaka nyuma yimyaka 15, Urugereko rusanga ibyaha Munyakazi aregwa byarakozwe ku matariki atatu azwi. Uregwa yafashwe ku itariki ya 5 Gicurasi 2004, Inyandiko yibirego ya kabiri yahinduwe yatanzwe ku itariki ya 3 Ugushyingo 2008, iburanisha ryatangiye ku itariki ya 22 Mata 2009 kandi Munyakazi yatanze ubuhamya mu Rukiko ku itariki ya 14 niya 15 Ukwakira 2009. Nkuko byavuzwe, Ubwunganizi ntibwatanze impamvu zifatika zatumye Munyakazi yibagirwa ko azitabaza imyiregurire ya sinari mpari akabivuga gusa ku munsi wa nyuma wiburanisha. Kubera iyo mpamvu, kubera ko imyiregurire ya sinari mpari yatanzwe mu buryo bukemangwa, Urugereko rushidikanya cyane ku kwizerwa kwayo. 59. Muri make, nubwo Urugereko ruzirikana ko Uregwa adategetswe kugaragaza, ku buryo budashidikanywaho, ko imyiregurire ye ya sinari mpari ari ukuri, Urugereko rusanga iyo myiregurire ya Munyakazi ku byerekeranye nitariki ya 16 Mata 1994, iya 29 niya 30 Mata 1994, irimo uguhuzagurika nukwivuguruza. Na none, rusanze Ubwunganizi bwaratanze impamvu zidafashe ku birebana nicyabuteye kutamenyekanisha iyo myiregurire ya sinari mpari ku gihe.
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NKUMUYOBOZI
WINTERAHAMWE
ZO
MU
61.
Ubwunganizi buhakana ko Munyakazi yari afite aho ahuriye nInterahamwe zo mu Bugarama. Nubwo budahakana ko, mu gihe kivugwa mu Nyandiko yibirego, Munyakazi yari umurwanashyaka wa MRND, buvuga ko atari afite umwanya wubuyobozi muri iryo shyaka, ko yari ashaje akanagira ibindi bintu byari bimushishikaje ku buryo atari kugira aho ahurira nInterahamwe54. Ibimenyetso Umutangabuhamya ushinja wiswe BWX
62.
Umutangabuhamya ushinjwa wiswe BWX, ni Umuhutu, yakoreraga hafi yo kwa Munyakazi muri Serire ya Misufi, Segiteri ya Bugarama55. Kugera mu mwaka wa 1993, umukuru wishyaka rya MRND muri Bugarama yari umugabo witwa Mabwire. Uyu mugabo yavuye kuri uwo mwanya kubera ko atari ashyigikiye ibikorwa byubugizi bwa nabi byakorwaga nabarwanashyaka ba MRND. Nyuma yaho, uyu mutangabuhamya yabonye Munyakazi ayobora amanama na za mitingi bya MRND kandi mbere byarayoborwaga na Mabwire. Ibyo rero byatumye yumva ko Munyakazi yari yarasimbuye Mabwire56. Umutangabuhamya yatangiye kubona Munyakazi ari
Inyandiko yibirego, igika cya 1. Reba na none Imyanzuro nsozarubanza ya Porokireri, ibika 51, 138-142. Imyanzuro nsozarubanza yUbwunganizi, ibika 1-16. 55 Ikimenyetso gihamya cya Porokireri cyahawe n 6 (Inyandiko yumwirondoro); Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 24 Mata 2009, urup. 12 (mu muhezo); Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 24 Mata 2009, imp. 15-16; Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 27 Mata 2009, imp. 35, 38 (mu muhezo). 56 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 27 Mata 2009, imp. 27-28. 23 CI10-0010K
54
53
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kumwe nInterahamwe mu mwaka wa 1992 cyangwa 1993 cyangwa ahagana icyo gihe57. 63. Mu minsi nibyumweru byakurikiye urupfu rwa Perezida Habyarimana, Munyakazi yagize uruhare mu bikorwa byInterahamwe58. Muri icyo gihe, Interahamwe zateraniraga kwa Munyakazi maze zikagenda mu modoka zigiye gukora ibyaha i Mibilizi, i Shangi, nahandi hantu kandi kenshi zabaga ziri kumwe na Munyakazi59. Umutangabuhamya yabibwiwe nuko iyo zagarukaga, Interahamwe zigambaga ibyaha zakoze60. Hari Interahamwe zari zishinzwe kurinda Munyakazi, zabaga zitwaje imbunda kandi zaherekezaga Munyakazi aho yajyaga hose61. Interahamwe yitwa Tarek Aziz yabaga mu nzu ya Munyakazi62. 64. Interahamwe zabaga mu nzu ya Munyakazi yari hafi yinzu ya gasutamo ku mupaka wu Rwanda na Repuburika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo. Umutangabuhamya avuga ko abantu bavugaga ko iyo nzu ya Munyakazi yari Icyicaro gikuru , ariko umutangabuhamya ntiyari azi icyo bivuga. Interahamwe zari zarahashinze ibirindiro ngo zigenzure abantu bava nabajya muri Repuburika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo63. 65. Interahamwe zatangiye imyitozo ya gisirikare ku kibuga cyumupira wamaguru cyari ahantu hitwa ku ibarabara rya cumi mu mwaka wa 1992 cyangwa uwa 199364. Munyakazi yajyaga aho iyo myitozo yaberaga ariko kubera ko umutangabuhamya atari mu bantu bahabwaga iyo myitozo, ntashobora kumenya icyo Munyakazi yabaga agiye gukora aho hantu65. Tarek Aziz yigishaga Interahamwe gukoresha imbunda66.
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 24 Mata 2009, urup. 18. Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 24 Mata 2009, imp. 23-24. 59 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 24 Mata 2009, imp. 23-24. 60 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 24 Mata 2009, urup. 23. 61 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 24 Mata 2009, imp.17, 22; Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 27 Mata 2009, urup. 21. 62 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 27 Mata 2009, imp. 20-21. 63 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 27 Mata 2009, urup. 34-35, 38 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 64 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 24 Mata 2009, urup. 18-19. 65 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 27 Mata 2009, urup. 32. 66 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 24 Mata 2009, urup. 20. 24 CI10-0010K
58
57
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Umutangabuhamya ushinja witwa Esidras Musengayire 66. Esidras Musengayire bahimba Ezra, ni Umututsi. Muri Mata 1994 yabaga muri Cit Bugarama muri Komine ya Bugarama, Perefegitura ya Cyangugu67. Yabaye kwa Munyakazi kuva mu mwaka wa 1982 kugera mu wa 1984, kandi muri icyo gihe, Munyakazi yamufataga nkumuhungu we68. Uyu mutangabuhamya amaze kwimukira mu nzu ye, Munyakazi yakomeje kumufata nkumuntu wo mu muryango we kugeza jenoside itangiye69. 67. Munyakazi yari umuyoboke wishyaka rya MRND ariko nta mwanya uzwi wubuyobozi yari afite mu rwego rwa Komine70. Perezida wInterahamwe muri Bugarama yari Job Mabwire71. Cyakora, umutangabuhamya yakundaga kubona Munyakazi ari kumwe nInterahamwe72. Umutangabuhamya ntiyigeze yumva Munyakazi yiyita umukuru w Interahamwe, ahubwo yavugaga ko abantu baba iwe ari Interahamwe73. Tarek Aziz yabaga mu nzu ya Munyakazi kandi yabwiye umutangabuhamya ko we, Tarek Aziz, yari ashinzwe imyitozo yInterahamwe74. Izindi Interahamwe, nka Liere na Mundere, zabanaga numwe mu bagore ba Munyakazi witwa Mama Safi75. Nyuma ariko, umutangabuhamya yavuze ko Mundere yabanaga na Mama Safi, naho Liere akaba yari umwe mu baturanyi ba Munyakazi76. Muri Mata 1994, mbere yuko umutangabuhamya ava mu Bugarama, Interahamwe zakundaga guteranira kwa Munyakazi77. 68. Umutangabuhamya yumvaga Munyakazi ari umuntu ufite ijambo ku Nterahamwe. Yibuka ko mbere yitariki ya 7 Mata 1994, Interahamwe nurubyiruko rwishyaka rya MDR rwitwaga aba JDR, barwaniye ahantu hitwa Kizura. Interahamwe zishe umuntu maze Munyakazi arafatwa afungwa iminsi ibiri. Mu kurwanya ifatwa rya Munyakazi,
Ikimenyetso gihamya cya Porokireri cyahawe n 5 (inyandiko yumwirondoro); Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 23 Mata 2009, urup. 49. 68 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 23 Mata 2009, urup. 51; Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 27 Mata 2009, urup. 2. 69 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 27 Mata 2009, urup. 2. 70 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 23 Mata 2009, urup. 52; Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 27 Mata 2009, urup. 6. 71 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 27 Mata 2009, urup. 15. 72 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 23 Mata 2009, urup. 52. 73 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 27 Mata 2009, urup. 14. 74 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 24 Mata 2009, urup. 4. 75 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 27 Mata 2009, imp. 15, 16. 76 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 27 Mata 2009, urup. 16. 77 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 24 Mata 2009, urup. 1. 25 CI10-0010K
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Interahamwe zakoze imyigaragambyo maze zimara umunsi wose zifunze umuhanda ugana kuri CIMERWA. Nyuma yaho, Munyakazi yararekuwe78. 69. Ku itariki ya 7 Mata 1994, mu masaa kumi nebyiri za mu gitondo, Interahamwe zaje mu rugo rwumutangabuhamya, ziramusohora maze zimujyana kwa Munyakazi79. Munyakazi yasabye Interahamwe kuva aho. Musengayire yumvaga ko Interahamwe zari zitegereje ko Munyakazi azitegeka kumwica ariko Munyakazi yamujyanye mu cyumba mu nzu ye maze aragifunga nurufunguzo kugira ngo amurwaneho. Nyuma yaho gato, hari Interahamwe yamennye idirishya, itera gerenade mu cyumba maze umutangabuhamya arakomereka cyane. Munyakazi yateguye uko umutangabuhamya ajyanwa ku bitaro80. Umutangabuhamya ntiyabonye umuntu wateye gerenade ariko mu gihe cyimanza za Gacaca yumvise bavuga ko iyo gerenade yatewe nInterahamwe yitwa Zacharie Mario, akaba yari umwe mu bahungu ba Munyakazi81.
Umutangabuhamya ushinja wiswe BWW 70. Umutangabuhamya wiswe BWW, akaba ari Umuhutu, avuga ko Munyakazi yari umuyoboke wa MRND kandi ko, kubera iyo mpamvu, mu mwaka wa 1990 yashatse abasore ninkumi bo kwinjiza mu mutwe wInterahamwe82. Munyakazi yagendaga mu modoka iriho indanguramajwi ahamagarira urubyiruko kujya mu mutwe wInterahamwe83. Umutangabuhamya yabanje kuvuga ko yagiye mu Nterahamwe muri Werurwe 199384, ariko nyuma avuga ko yari yibeshye ko mu byukuri yagiye mu Nterahamwe muri Werurwe 199285. Icyo gihe Interahamwe zari zifite intego izwi ari yo kurwanirira igihugu86.
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 24 Mata 2009, imp. 2-3. Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 23 Mata 2009, urup. 49. 80 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 23 Mata 2009, imp. 49-50; Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 27 Mata 2009, urup. 9. 81 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 24 Mata 2009, urup. 4. 82 Ikimenyetso gihamya cya Porokireri cyahawe n 12 (inyandiko yumwirondoro); Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 29 Gicurasi 2009, urup. 9 (mu muhezo). 83 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 29 Gicurasi 2009, urup. 23 (Iburanisha mu muhezo). 84 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 29 Gicurasi 2009, urup. 9 (Iburanisha mu muhezo). 85 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 29 Gicurasi 2009, imp. 23-24 (Iburanisha mu muhezo). 86 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 29 Gicurasi 2009, urup. 11 (Iburanisha mu muhezo). 26 CI10-0010K
79
78
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71.
Interahamwe zahabwaga imyitozo buri munsi mu mwaka wa 1993, kandi Tarek Aziz wabaga kwa Munyakazi yari umwe mu bazitozaga87. Mu gihe cyiyo myitozo, Munyakazi yabaga afite nibura Interahamwe ebyiri zimurinda88. Interahamwe zo mu Bugarama zakoreshaga intwaro zabikwaga kwa Munyakazi89. Interahamwe zarindaga Munyakazi zarindaga nurugo rwe nijoro90. Nyuma yibitero byibasiraga kandi bikica Abatutsi babasiviri, Interahamwe zariraga mu rugo rwumugore wa Munyakazi witwa Rukiya91. Muri Werurwe 1994, Munyakazi yahaye umutangabuhamya nizindi Nterahamwe iniforume yInterahamwe92. Iyo Munyakazi yashakaga guha Interahamwe amabwiriza, yabikoreraga mu gipangu cye kubera ko cyari gifite inkuta za metero esheshatu cyangwa zirindwi zuburebure, bityo abandi bantu bakaba batarashoboraga kumva ibyahavugirwaga93.
72.
Munyakazi yayoboye igitero cyagabwe kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi94. Yabwiye Interahamwe guteranira ku kibuga kiri hafi ya koperative maze aziha amabwiriza yo kujyayo zigakora ibyo zagombaga kuhakora . Umutangabuhamya yumvise ko yari atanze amabwiriza yo kwica Abatutsi babasiviri. Nyinshi mu Nterahamwe zari zifite intwaro. Umutangabuhamya yari yitwaje umuhoro nimpiri gusa kubera ko imbunda zari zararangije gutangwa95. Nyuma yubwicanyi bwakorewe kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi, Interahamwe zagiye muri ubwo bwicanyi zasubiye kwa Rukiya kurya mbere yuko zitaha96.
73.
Munyakazi yanatanze amabwiriza yo gutera kuri Paruwasi ya Mibilizi. Abagabye igitero bageze kuri iyo Paruwasi, Munyakazi yarababawiye ati: Ntimuzi icyabazanye hano ? Umucuruzi wo muri ako karere witwa Bandetsi yongeyeho ati: Muriho muratureba nkaho mutazi icyabazanye . Nyuma yayo magambo, Interahamwe
87 88
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 29 Gicurasi 2009, urup. 12 (Iburanisha mu muhezo). Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 29 Gicurasi 2009, urup. 13 (Iburanisha mu muhezo). 89 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 29 Gicurasi 2009, imp. 13, 31 (Iburanisha mu muhezo). 90 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 29 Gicurasi 2009, urup. 13 (Iburanisha mu muhezo). 91 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 29 Gicurasi 2009, urup. 28 (Iburanisha mu muhezo). 92 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 29 Gicurasi 2009, urup. 36 (Iburanisha mu muhezo). 93 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 29 Gicurasi 2009, urup. 29 (Iburanisha mu muhezo). 94 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 29 Gicurasi 2009, urup. 16 (Iburanisha mu muhezo). 95 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 29 Gicurasi 2009, imp. 16-17 (Iburanisha mu muhezo). 96 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 29 Gicurasi 2009, imp. 19, 29 (Iburanisha mu muhezo). 27 CI10-0010K
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zahise zigota paruwasi maze zitangira kwica Abatutsi babasiviri. Zabikoze vuba cyane kubera ko Munyakazi yazibwiraga ko igihe kirimo kubashirana97.
Umutangabuhamya ushinja wiswe BWR 74. Umutangabuhamya wiswe BWR ni Umututsi98. Perezida Habyarimana apfa, BWR yari amaze imyaka icyenda akora mu ruganda wa CIMERWA mu Bugarama99. Ubwo uwo mutangabuhamya yakoraga muri CIMERWA, Munyakazi yakundaga kuhaza ariko umutangabuhamya ntazi icyo yabaga aje kuhakora100. Umunsi Perezida Habyarimana apfa, umutangabuhamya yahagaritse akazi ahungira ku murenge avukaho muri Shangi, muri Komine ya Gafunzo kubera ko yumvaga nta mutekano afite101. Umutangabuhamya ntiyashoboye gutanga ikigereranyo cyinshuro yabonye Munyakazi mbere ya Mata 1994, ariko igihe cyose yajyaga kuri Cit Bugarama, yaramubonaga102. 75. Ku itariki itazwi, ahantu hitwa Ijambwe, Interahamwe zagabye igitero ku rubyiruko rwa MDR rwitwa aba JDR. Munyakazi yategetse Interahamwe gusubira mu modoka zazo, maze zihita zibikora103. Umutangabuhamya yahise yumva ko Munyakazi yari umuyobozi wInterahamwe zo mu Bugarama kubera ko buri gihe iyo izo Nterahamwe zagendaga, zabaga ziyobowe na Munyakazi kandi nabaturage bo mu Bugarama bavugaga ko ari Interahamwe za Yussuf 104. 76. Perezida Habyarimana amaze gupfa, umutangabuhamya yahungiye kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi hamwe nabandi Batutsi105. Ku itariki ya 29 Mata 1994, Munyakazi yayoboye igitero cya simusiga cyagabwe kuri iyo paruwasi106. Umutangabuhamya yumva Munyakazi ari we wabwiye Interahamwe gutera kuko yarashe isasu rya mbere, maze
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 29 Gicurasi 2009, urup. 35 (iburanisha mu muhezo). Ikimenyetso gihamya cya Porokireri cyahawe n 2 (inyandiko yumwirondoro). 99 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 22 Mata 2009, urup. 41 (iburanisha mu muhezo); Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 22 Mata 2009, urup. 55. 100 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 22 Mata 2009, urup. 56. 101 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 22 Mata 2009, imp. 55-56. 102 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 22 Mata 2009, urup. 42. 103 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 22 Mata 2009, imp.48-49. 104 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 22 Mata 2009, imp. 48-49. 105 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 22 Mata 2009, urup. 43. 106 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 22 Mata 2009, urup. 44. 28 CI10-0010K
98
97
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Interahamwe zigatangira gutera amagerenade no kurasa ku mpunzi107. Icyo gitero cyarakomeje gitero108. Umutangabuhamya ushinjwa wiswe BWU kugera nimugoroba ariko cyarangiye umutangabuhamya yacanganyukiwe ku buryo atashoboye kumenya niba hari undi muntu warokotse icyo
77.
Umutangabuhamya wiswe BWU ni Umuhutu, yari umuhinzi mu mwaka wa 1994109. Yabonye Munyakazi inshuro ebyiri110. Ubwa mbere, yamubonye mu nama yabereye kuri sitade ya Kamarampaka muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu mu mpera zumwaka wa 1993111. Muri iyo nama, Bagambiki wari Perefe wa Cyangugu yerekanye Munyakazi nka Perezida wInterahamwe zo mu Bugarama112. Umutangabuhamya yongeye kubona Munyakazi ku itariki ya 29 Mata 1994 mu gitero cyagabwe kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi113. Ari kumwe nindi Nterahamwe nkuru yo mu Bugarama, Munyakazi yayoboye itsinda ryInterahamwe zibarirwa muri 50 cyangwa 60 mu gitero cyagabwe ku basiviri bAbatutsi bari bahungiye kuri Paruwasi [ya Shangi]114. Munyakazi yageze kuri iyo paruwasi mu modoka ipakiye intwaro115.
Umutangabuhamya ushinja wiswe LAY 78. Umutangabuhamya wiswe LAY ni Umututsi. Mu mwaka wa 1994, yari umucuruzi116 akaba numuyobozi wishyaka rihanarira ukwishyira ukizana kwa buri muntu (PL)117. Mu mwaka wa 1993, yabonye inshuro nyinshi Munyakazi ajya muri za mitingi. Mu nzira, kenshi Munyakazi yahagararaga ku biro bya Komine akaganira nabayobozi bo muri ako karere cyangwa abaturage118. Buri gihe, Munyakazi yabaga ari kumwe nInterahamwe zifite ibyapa byanditseho amagambo ya politiki kandi abaturage bo
107 108
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 22 Mata 2009, urup. 45. Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 22 Mata 2009, imp. 45-46. 109 Ikimenyetso gihamya cya Porokireri cyahawe n 13 (inyandiko yumwirondoro). 110 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 4 Kamena 2009, urup. 9. 111 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 4 Kamena 2009, imp. 5, 9, 11, 19. 112 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 4 Kamena 2009, imp. 19-21, 25. 113 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 4 Kamena 2009, imp. 5, 9. 114 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 4 Kamena 2009, urup. 7. 115 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 4 Kamena 2009, urup. 28. 116 Ikimenyetso gihamya cya Porokireri cyahawe n 4 (inyandiko yumwirondoro); Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 23 Mata 2009, imp. 22-23. 117 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 23 Mata 2009, urup. 34. 118 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 23 Mata 2009, imp. 39-40. 29 CI10-0010K
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muri
ako
karere
bakiraga
Munyakazi
nkumuntu
ukomeye119.
Cyakora,
umutangabuhamya ntiyari azi umwanya Munyakazi yari afite muri MRND cyangwa mu buyobozi bwInterahamwe120. Umutangabuhamya yabonye Munyakazi bwa nyuma igihe uyu yayoboraga igitero cyagabwe kuri Paruwasi ya Nyamasheke ku itariki ya 16 Mata 1994121. Umutangabuhamya ushinja wiswe LCQ 79. Umutangabuhamya wiswe LCQ ni Umututsi. Mu mwaka wa 1994 yari umuhinzi122. Yahuye bwa mbere na Munyakazi mu mwaka wa 1988123. Munyakazi yari umucuruzi akaba numuhinzi wicyamamare mu Bugarama kandi yari ufite amazu. Kuva mu mwaka wa 1988 kugera mu wa 1990, ubwo umutangabuhamya yabaga agiye kugurisha amata, yakundaga kubona Uregwa muri Cit Bugarama ahagaze ku rubaraza rwinzu ye124. Ku itariki ya 8 Mata 1994, umutangabuhamya, umugore we nabaturanyi be bageze kuri 20, bahungiye kuri Paruwasi ya Mibilizi125. Ku itariki ya 30 Mata 1994, Munyakazi yayoboye igitero cyagabwe kuri iyo paruwasi126. Umutangabuhamya ushinja wiswe BWP 80. Umutangabuhamya wiswe BWP ni Umututsi. Muri Mata 1994 yabaga muri Komine ya Kagano, Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. Muri icyo gihe, yari afite imyaka 15 cyangwa 16 yamavuko127. Mu mwaka wa 1993, yabonye Munyakazi inshuro ebyiri anyura kuri santeri yubucuruzi ya Kabeza agiye muri za mitingi za MRND. Munyakazi yakundaga guhagarara ku muhanda akavugana nabaturage bo muri ako gace128. Kuri izo nshuro zombi, Munyakazi yari kumwe nabantu barimo kumuririmbira kandi umutangabuhamya yabonaga ko Munyakazi ari we wari uyoboye abo bantu bari
119 120
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 23 Mata 2009, imp. 33-34. 39. Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 23 Mata 2009, urup. 34. 121 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 23 Mata 2009, urup. 23. 122 Ikimenyetso gihamya cya Porokireri cyahawe n 11 (inyandiko yumwirondoro). 123 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 28 Mata 2009, urup. 28. 124 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 28 Mata 2009, imp. 30-31. 125 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 28 Mata 2009, imp. 15-16. 126 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 28 Mata 2009, urup. 34. 127 Ikimenyetso gihamya cya Porokireri cyahawe n 3 (inyandiko yumwirondoro); Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 23 Mata 2009, imp. 2, 8. 128 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 23 Mata 2009, imp. 2, 7-8. 30 CI10-0010K
5 Nyakanga 2010
bamugaragiye129. Ku itariki ya 11 Mata 1994, umutangabuhamya nabandi bagize umuryango we bahungiye kuri Paruwasi ya Nyamasheke130. Munyakazi yayoboye Interahamwe mu gitero cyagabwe kuri Paruwasi ya Nyamasheke ku itariki ya 16 Mata 1994131. Umutangabuhamya ushinja wiswe MP 81. Umutangabuhamya wiswe MP ni Umuhutu. Muri Mata 1994 yakoraga kuri Paruwasi ya Mibilizi132. Mu buhamya bwe mu Rukiko avuga ko Uregwa yayoboye igitero cyagabwe kuri Paruwasi ya Mibilizi ku itariki ya 30 Mata 1994. Umutangabuhamya yamenye bwa mbere ibyerekeye Munyakazi abibwiwe numwe muri bagenzi be bakoranaga i Mibilizi. Uwo munsi mugenzi we yahamagaye kuri paruwasi ya Shangi maze bamubwira ko Munyakazi nInterahamwe ze bari baraye bagabye igitero kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi ku itariki ya 29 Mata 1994133. Byongeye kandi, ku itariki ya 30 Mata 1994, abajandarume bari kuri Paruwasi ya Mibilizi baganiriye numuyobozi wicyo gitero, igihe Interahamwe zageraga kuri paruwasi. Nyuma yaho, abo bajandarume babwiye umutangabuhamya ko uwo bavuganaga ari Munyakazi. Byongeye kandi, umutangabuhamya yashoboye kumva ibintu byose byavugwaga muri icyo gitero kandi yabonye Munyakazi ari we wenyine watangaga amabwiriza134. Yussuf Munyakazi 82. Mu buhamya bwe mu Rukiko, Munyakazi avuga ko yari umuyoboke wishyaka rya MRND, ko ariko atari kuba umuyoboke wurubyiruko rwiryo shyaka rwitwaga Interahamwe, kubera ko yari asheshe akanguhe135. Avuga ko atari umuyobozi wInterahamwe, kandi
136
129 130
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 23 Mata 2009, imp. 9-10. Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 23 Mata 2009, urup. 3. 131 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 23 Mata 2009, imp. 3-5. 132 Ikimenyetso gihamya cya Porokireri cyahawe n 7 (inyandiko yumwirondoro); Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 27 Mata 2009, imp. 43-44. 133 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 27 Mata 2009, imp. 48-50. 134 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 27 Mata 2009, imp. 51- 53. 135 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Ukwakira 2009, urup. 21. 136 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Ukwakira 2009, urup. 43. 31 CI10-0010K
5 Nyakanga 2010
gutorerwa umwanya wubuyobozi muri MRND137. Avuga ko atari ashinzwe gushaka abayoboke bashya mu ishyaka138 ndetse ko atigeze yitabira cyangwa ngo ategure inama zInterahamwe139. Yongeraho ko Interahamwe zahuriraga ku biro bya Komine ariko akaba atazi ibyakorerwaga muri izo nama kubera ko atakurikiye imirimo yazo140. 83. Umuyobozi wa MRND muri Segiteri ya Bugarama yitwaga Kassim Jumapili141 naho Perezida wiryo shyaka mu rwego rwa Komine akitwa Ayubu Mabwire142. Umuyobozi wInterahamwe zo mu Bugarama ku rwego rwa Komine ya ri Athanase Ndutiye, bahimba Tarek Aziz, kandi yari yungirijwe na Thomas Mugunda143. Tarek Aziz yakodeshaga icyumba muri amwe mu mazu ya Munyakazi akishyura ubukode nkabandi bantu bose bari bahacumbitse144. Munyakazi ntiyagiraga inama Tarek Aziz kandi ntiyanamugenzuraga145. Byongeye kandi, Munyakazi ntiyafataga Tarek Aziz nkumuntu wo mu muryango we146. Tarek Aziz ntiyigeze arinda umutekano wa Munyakazi kandi Munyakazi ntiyigeze agira umuntu umurinda147. 84. Igihe kimwe kitazwi mbere yumwaka wa 1994, Parike ya Repubulika muri Cyangugu yafunze Munyakazi kubera imvururu zabaye hagati ya MRND nirindi shyaka. Muri izo mvururu, abantu benshi barakomeretse ndetse umuntu umwe aricwa. Hari abantu bamwe bashakaga kwigarurira umutungo wa Munyakazi maze bituma bamurega izo mvururu nuko ashyikirizwa Parike ya Cyangugu. Hakozwe iperereza maze Munyakazi ahita arekurwa uwo munsi yafatiweho148.
137
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Ukwakira 2009, urup. 21; Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 15 Ukwakira 2009, urup. 21. 138 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 15 Ukwakira 2009, urup. 21. 139 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Ukwakira 2009, imp. 23-24, 43. 140 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Ukwakira 2009, urup. 23. 141 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Ukwakira 2009, urup. 22. 142 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Ukwakira 2009, imp. 21-22. 143 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Ukwakira 2009, urup. 22. 144 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Ukwakira 2009, imp. 16, 41. 145 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 15 Ukwakira 2009, urup. 41. 146 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Ukwakira 2009, urup. 41. 147 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Ukwakira 2009, urup. 42. 148 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 15 Ukwakira 2009, imp. 25-26; Ikimenyetso gihamya cya Porokireri cyahawe n 23 (Raporo ku burenganzira bwikiremwamuntu mu Rwanda; kuva mu Ukwakira 1992 kugeza mu Ukwakira 1993, yakozwe nIshyirahamwe nyarwanda riharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu nukwishyira ukizana kwa rubanda (Association Rwandaise pour la Dfense des Droits de la Personne et des Liberts Publiques) ADL - Kigali - Ukuboza 1993 .). 32 CI10-0010K
5 Nyakanga 2010
85.
Muri Mata 1994, Munyakazi yubakaga inzu ahegereye ibiro bya gasutamo hafi yumupaka wu Rwanda na RDC (Repuburika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo)149. Cyakora, Interahamwe ntizashoboraga kuyikoreramo kubera ko yari itaruzura. Iyo nzu yuzuye muri Gicurasi cyangwa Kamena 1994150. Interahamwe ntizigeze zikorera inama cyangwa ikindi kintu icyo ari cyo cyose mu nzu nimwe ya Munyakazi151. Munyakazi ntiyigeze abika intwaro zInterahamwe mu nzu ye nimwe, ndetse nabagore be ntibigeze na rimwe bagaburira Interahamwe152.
Umutangabuhamya ushinjura wiswe NKM 86. NKM ni Umuhutu wabaga muri Komine ya Bugarama muri Mata 1994 kandi yakoraga muri banki muri iyo Komine153. Hagati yurugo rwa Munyakazi nurwuwo mutangabuhamya muri Segiteri ya Bugarama hari intera igera nko kuri metero 150154. Munyakazi yari umukiriya usanzwe wiyo banki, kandi si we wari umuhinzi wumuceri ukomeye kurusha abandi muri Komine ya Bugarama155. 87. Umutangabuhamya yari umuyoboke wishyaka PDI kandi mu byo yari ashinzwe harimo no gukurikiranira hafi ibyo MRND yakoraga mu rwego rwa Komine156. Uwo mwanya yari afite watumaga rero ashobora kumenya neza uruhare rwa Munyakazi mu ishyaka rya MRND. Nubwo yari umuyoboke wa MRND, Munyakazi si we wari Perezida cyangwa Visi-Perezida wiryo shyaka157. Nta nubwo Munyakazi yari Perezida wa MRND mu rwego rwa segiteri158. Nta mwanya numwe wubuyobozi yari afite muri iryo shyaka159. Job Mabwire ni we wari Perezida wa MRND mu rwego rwa Komine160, naho Theobali Munyakayanza akaba Visi-Perezida161. Hagati
149 150
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Ukwakira 2009, imp. 6, 8-9. Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Ukwakira 2009, imp. 17, 18 ; Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 15 Ukwakira 2009, imp. 60-61. 151 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Ukwakira 2009, urup. 44. 152 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Ukwakira 2009, urup. 43. 153 Ikimenyetso gihamya cyubwunganizi gifite numero 6 (Inyandiko yumwirondoro); Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 31 Kanama 2009, imp. 7, 8 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 154 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 31 Kanama 2009, urup. 31. 155 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 31 Kanama 2009, imp.8-9. 156 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 31 Kanama 2009, imp.14-15 157 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 31 Kanama 2009, urup. 13. 158 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 31 Kanama 2009, urup. 46. 159 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 31 Kanama 2009, urup. 13. 160 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 31 Kanama 2009, imp. 14, 45, 48. 161 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 31 Kanama 2009, urup. 46. 33 CI10-0010K
5 Nyakanga 2010
yumwaka wa 1993 nitariki ya 6 Mata 1994, Munyakazi ntiyigeze ayobora inama za MRND162 kandi ntiyari afite ububasha bwo gutumiza inama yishyaka iryo ari ryo ryose163. 88. Umutangabuhamya ntazi aho Munyakazi yari ahuriye numtuwe wurubyiruko rwishyaka rya MRND164. Ntanazi ko Tarek Aziz yari umuhuzabikorwa wInterahamwe. Ntiyigeze abona Tarek Aziz ari kumwe na Munyakazi165 ndetse ntazi Thomas Mugunda166. Ntiyigeze abona Interahamwe zo mu Bugarama zikora ibyaha, haba mbere cyangwa nyuma yitariki ya 6 Mata 1994, yewe ntiyigeze yumva hari numuntu ubivuga167. 89. Ku itariki ya 7 Mata 1994, Umutangabuhamya yumvise gerenade iturikira mu nzu ya Munyakazi kandi yumvise ko iyo gerenade yatewe numusore wari warakariye Munyakazi amuziza ko yarimo kurengera Musengayire nabandi bantu. Bamaze kuzana Musengayire kwa Munyakazi nyuma bakaza kubona ko uwo Musengayire atishwe, abagabaga ibitero badukiriye umuhungu witwaga Shema wari Umututsi kandi wari wararezwe na Munyakazi maze baba ari we bica. Umutangabuhamya yumva Shema yarishwe mu rwego rwo kuburira Munyakazi kugira ngo adakoma imbere ibikorwa byubwicanyi168. Shema yishwe nInterahamwe ebyiri, ari zo Eliere na Noah. Munyakazi ntiyari afite ububasha kuri abo basore bombi, cyangwa ku wundi musore uwo ari we wese wagiye muri ibyo bikorwa nyuma yitariki ya 6 Mata 1994169. Ibyaha byakozwe nudutsiko twurubyiruko rwamashyaka anyuranye, nka MRND, PDI, MDR, PL na CDR. Buri gatsiko kumviraga abayobozi bishyaka gakomokamo, kandi nta buhuzabikorwa rusange bwariho hagati yutwo dutsiko170.
162 163
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 31 Kanama 2009, urup. 15. Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 31 Kanama 2009, urup. 17. 164 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 31 Kanama 2009, urup. 19. 165 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 31 Kanama 2009, imp. 46, 47. 166 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 31 Kanama 2009, urup. 46. 167 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 31 Kanama 2009, urup. 43. 168 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 31 Kanama 2009, imp. 25-26. 169 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 31 Kanama 2009, urup. 26; Reba ninyandikomvugo yiburanisha iri mu gifaransa, imp. 29, 30. 170 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 31 Kanama 2009, imp. 26-27. 34 CI10-0010K
5 Nyakanga 2010
90.
NDB ni Umuhutu wabaga mu Bugarama, kandi yari umuhinzi muri Mata 1994171. Hagati yaho yari atuye no kwa Munyakazi hari intera igera nko kuri metero 500172. Umutangabuhamya yabonye urubyiruko rwamashyaka nka MRND, MDR, PDI, CDR na PSD rukora ibyaha, kandi yumvise nabantu bavuga ko rwabikoze. Urwo rubyiruko rwakomokaga mu duce two hafi yaho hantu ibyaha byakorewe, nka Muhehwe, Nyabitare, Kibangira, nutundi duce. Urwo rubyiruko rwatangiye gukora ibyaha Perezida Habyarimana akimara gupfa. Cyakora, Munyakazi ntaho yari ahuriye nurwo rubyiruko173. Umutangabuhamya ntiyigeze abona Munyakazi ari kumwe nurwo rubyiruko, kandi yumva Munyakazi ataragaburiye abo bantu ku bushake bwe174.
Umutangabuhamya ushinjura wiswe NRB 91. NRB ni Umuhutu wari utuye muri Segiteri ya Nzahaha, muri Komine ya Bugarama, muri Mata 1994 kandi yakoreraga Koperative CAVECUVI175. Hagati ya Segiteri ya Nzahaha na Cit Bugarama hari intera igera nko kuri kilometero umunani176 . NRB yahuye na Munyakazi bwa mbere mu mwaka wa 1960 kandi yari azi ko ari umuhinzi177. Munyakazi na we yari umwe mu banyamuryango ba Koperative CAVECUVI, ndetse yari afite umwanya wubuyobozi muri iyo koperative178. Hagati ya CAVECUVI no kwa Munyakazi hari intera igera nko kuri metero 40179. 92. Munyakazi yari umuyoboke wa MRND ariko nta mwanya numwe wubuyobozi yari afite muri iryo shyaka180. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ntiyari afite ububasha bwo gukoresha
171
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 1 Nzeri 2009, urup. 12 (iburanisha mu muhezo); Ikimenyetso gihamya cyUbwunganizi gifite numero 10 (Inyandiko yumwirondoro). 172 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 1 Nzeri 2009, urup. 12 (iburanisha mu muhezo); Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 1 Nzeri 2009, urup. 19. 173 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 1 Nzeri 2009, urup.13. 174 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 1 Nzeri 2009, urup. 15. 175 Ikimenyetso gihamya cyUbwunganizi gifite numero 12 (Inyandiko yumwirondoro); Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha,1 Nzeri 2009, urup. 37. 176 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 1 Nzeri, urup. 45 (iburanisha mu muhezo) 177 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 1 Nzeri 2009, urup. 37 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 178 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 1 Nzeri 2009, imp. 37, 45 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 179 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 1 Nzeri 2009, urup. 38 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 180 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 1 Nzeri 2009, urup. 39. 35 CI10-0010K
5 Nyakanga 2010
amanama kuko ibyo byakorwaga gusa na Perezida wishyaka181. Umutangabuhamya yari umuyoboke wishyaka rya MRND, akaba yibuka ko Job Mabwire ari we wari Perezida wiryo shyaka muri Komine ya Bugarama muri Mata 1994. Umutangabuhamya ntazi niba Munyakazi yari Visi-Perezida wiryo shyaka ku rwego rwa komine cyangwa niba yari Perezida waryo ku rwego rwa segiteri182. Kubera ko atari Interahamwe, ntazi umuntu wari umukuru wInterahamwe muri segiteri ye183.
Umutangabuhamya ushinjura wiswe MPCC 93. MPCC ni Umututsi wari utuye muri Segiteri ya Ruhoko, Komine ya Gishoma, Perefegitura ya Cyangugu mu mwaka wa 1994. Yari Perezida wishyaka rya MRND muri Komine ya Gishoma, akaba na agoronome wiyo Komine184. Yahuye bwa mbere na Munyakazi mu ntangiriro yimyaka ya za mirongo inani. Munyakazi yari atuye mu Bugarama kandi yari umuyoboke wa MRND185. Muri rusange, umutwe wInterahamwe wari ugizwe nabantu bafite imyaka iri hagati ya 18 na 35 kandi bari bashinzwe gukangurira abaturage amatwara yishyaka ryabo. Umuntu wimyaka 40 yamavuko ufite imbaraga kandi wintarumikwa yashoboraga kwinjira mu mutwe wurubyiruko rwa MRND, ariko ibyo ntibyakunze kubaho186. Munyakazi ntiyari umuyobozi w Interahamwe zo mu Bugarama kandi abayobozi bazo batoranywaga mu bagize uwo mutwe187. Tarek Aziz ni we wari umuyobozi wInterahamwe mu Bugarama kandi yari acumbitse muri imwe mu mazu ya Munyakazi, ariko ntiyabanaga nUregwa188.
Umutangabuhamya ushinjura wiswe AMB 94. AMB ni Umuhutu wigaga muri Kaminuza hanze ya Bugarama mu mwaka wa 1994. Uyu mutangabuhamya yaruhukiraga muri Komine ya Bugarama kuko ari ho
181 182
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 1 Nzeri 2009, urup. 40. Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 1 Nzeri 2009, imp. 49-50. 183 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 1 Nzeri 2009, urup. 48. 184 Ikimenyetso gihamya cyUbwunganizi gifite numero 18 (Inyandiko yumwirondoro); Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 7 Nzeri 2009, imp. 46, 57-58 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 185 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 7 Nzeri 2009, imp. 47-48 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 186 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 7 Nzeri 2009, imp. 52-53 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 187 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 7 Nzeri 2009, urup. 60 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 188 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 7 Nzeri 2009, urup. 61. 36 CI10-0010K
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yakomokaga189. Mu mwaka wa 1993 nuwa 1994, yamaze igihe kinini mu Bugarama190, ndetse ni ho yari ari mu kwezi kose kwa Mata 1994191. Munyakazi yari umuturanyi we192. Umwe mu bagore ba Munyakazi, ari we Mama Safi, yari atuye nko muri metero 200 uvuye iwabo wUmutangabuhamya. Undi mugore wUregwa, ari we Mama Zainabu, yari atuye nko muri metero 40 uvuye iwabo wUmutangabuhamya193. 95. Yahuye bwa mbere na Tarek Aziz mu mwaka wa 1987 kandi icyo gihe Tarek Aziz yari umucuruzi194. Umutangabuhamya yari afite inshuti yUmututsi yabaga mu nzu imwe na Tarek Aziz. Kubera iyo mpamvu, yari azi ko Tarek Aziz acumbitse mu nzu ya Munyakazi, kandi ko nta kindi kintu kidasanzwe uwo Tarek Aziz yari ahuriyeho na Munyakazi195. Ntiyigeze na rimwe abona Tarek Aziz akoranyiriza urubyiruko aho yari atuye kandi ntiyigeze abona mu nzu ya Munyakazi habitse intwaro, ndetse nta nuwo yigeze abyumvana196. Ntiyigeze na rimwe abona Munyakazi ari kumwe nabantu bamurinda197. 96. Munyakazi yari umuyoboke wa MRND198, ariko nta bubasha yari afite ku Nterahamwe. Umutangabuhamya yari azi ko i Kigali haba Interahamwe ariko ntiyari azi ko no mu Bugarama zihaba199. Mu ibaza rinyomoza, yemeje ko mu buhamya bwanditse yari yarahaye Ubwunganizi avuga ko Tarek Aziz yari umuyobozi wInterahamwe. Asobanura ko atazi neza niba Tarek Aziz yari umuyobozi wInterahamwe cyangwa se niba yari gusa umuyoboke usanzwe ariko ufite ijambo muri uwo mutwe200.
189
Ikimenyetso gihamya cyUbwunganizi gifite numero 21 (Inyandiko yumwirondoro); Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 10 Nzeri 2009, imp. 1, 3, 21-22 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 190 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 10 Nzeri 2009, imp. 4, 22-23 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 191 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 10 Nzeri 2009, urup. 10. 192 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 10 Nzeri 2009, urup. 4 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 193 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 10 Nzeri 2009, urup. 9. 194 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 10 Nzeri 2009, urup. 4 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 195 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 10 Nzeri 2009, imp. 6-7 (iburanisha mu muhezo); Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 10 Nzeri 2009, urup. 8. 196 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 10 Nzeri 2009, urup. 9. 197 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 10 Nzeri 2009, urup. 8. 198 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 10 Nzeri 2009, urup. 24 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 199 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 10 Nzeri 2009, urup. 10. 200 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 10 Nzeri 2009, urup. 27 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 37 CI10-0010K
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Umutangabuhamya ushinjura wiswe YMC 97. YMC ni Umuhutu wacuririzaga muri Serire ya Misufi, mu Bugarama, muri Mata 1994201. Yahuye bwa mbere na Munyakazi mu mwaka wa 1985 ubwo yatangiraga gucururiza mu Bugarama. Inzu yacururizagamo yari yegeranye niya Munyakazi202. Munyakazi yari umuyoboke wa MRND ariko nta mwanya wubuyobozi yari afite muri iryo shyaka. Job Mabwire ni we wari Perezida wa MRND muri Bugarama, ariko si we wari Perezida wInterahamwe203. 98. Umutangabuhamya azi Tarek Aziz, wari Interahamwe kandi wari ucumbitse muri imwe mu mazu ya Munyakazi. Ntiyigeze na rimwe abona Tarek Aziz ari kumwe na Munyakazi, kandi ntiyigeze abona urubyiruko ruteraniye imbere yinzu ya Munyakazi204. Ntiyigeze abona Munyakazi ari kumwe nabantu bamurinda. Munyakazi yari ashaje cyane ku buryo atari gushobora kugira uruhare mu myitozo ya gisirikare. Umutangabuhamya ntiyigeze yumva abantu bavuga ko Munyakazi yari abitse intwaro mu nzu ye ndetse ntiyigeze amubonana intwaro205. Umutangabuhamya ahakana ko we na Munyakazi nundi mugabo witwa Elias Bakundize bahaye Interahamwe zo mu karere kabo inkunga yamafaranga206.
Umutangabuhamya ushinjura wiswe YMS 99. YMS ni Umuhutu wari umucuruzi atuye muri Segiteri ya Bugarama, Komine ya Bugarama, muri Mata 1994207. Umutangabuhamya yakoranaga na Munyakazi mu byubucuruzi208. Hagati yumwaka wa 1993 nitariki ya 6 Mata 1994, ishyaka rya MRND ryari umutwe wurubyiruko muri Komine ya Bugarama, ugizwe nabasore ninkumi bari hagati yimyaka 18 na 30, ari nabo bitoragamo ababayobora.
201
Ikimenyetso gihamya cyUbwunganizi gifite numero 22 (Inyandiko yumwirondoro); Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Nzeri 2009, imp. 1-2. 202 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Nzeri 2009, urup. 3 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 203 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Nzeri 2009, imp. 5-6. 204 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Nzeri 2009, imp. 6-7, 23. 205 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Nzeri 2009, imp. 10-11. 206 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Nzeri 2009, imp. 20-22; Ikimenyetso gihamya cya Porokireri cyahawe nomero 16 207 Ikimenyetso gihamya cyUbwunganizi gifite numero 24 (Inyandiko yumwirondoro); Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Nzeri 2009, imp. 30-31, 33 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 208 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Nzeri 2009, urup. 31 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 38 CI10-0010K
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Munyakazi ntiyari ashinzwe uwo mutwe, kandi umutangabuhamya ntiyigeze na rimwe amubona ayoboye abantu bawugize209. Ntiyigeze na rimwe abona Munyakazi atanga ibitambaro byibitenge ngo bidodwemo iniforume zInterahame, kandi nta numuntu yigeze yumva avuga ko Munyakazi yabikoze210. Ntiyigeze na rimwe abona Interahamwe zirira mu rugo urwo ari rwose rwa Munyakazi211.
Umutangabuhamya ushinjura witwa Thobald Gakwaya Rwaka 100. Thobald Gakwaya Rwaka ni Umuhutu212 wamaze imyaka icyenda akora muri Minisiteri yUbutabera aho yari ashinzwe ibirebana numutekano wigihugu, polisi na za gereza213. Yanakoze muri CIMERWA mu Bugarama kuva mu mwaka wa 1992 kugeza mu wa 1996214. Yari azi Munyakazi kubera ko Uregwa yari azwi cyane mu karere, ariko avuga ko batari inshuti. Munyakazi yari umuyoboke wa MRND ariko nta mwanya wubuyobozi yari afite muri iryo shyaka ku rwego rwa komine215. Umuyobozi wInterahamwe mu Bugarama yari Tarek Aziz216. Avuga ko atigeze na rimwe abona Munyakazi ari kumwe nInterahamwe, kandi ko yumva Munyakazi atarashoboraga kwinjira mu mu mutwe wurubyiruko kubera imyaka ye217. Abajijwe niba yarabonye Munyakazi muri Mata 1994, umutangabuhamya yasubije ko atigeze amubona muri uko kwezi, maze yongeraho ati: Sinashoboraga kujya kwa Munyakazi mu Bugarama kubera ko numvaga bavuga ko hari Interahamwe nyinshi 218.
Umutangabuhamya ushinjura wiswe ELB 101. ELB ni Umuhutu winjiye mu mutwe wInterahamwe zo mu Bugarama muri Gashyantare 1993 akawugumamo kugera muri Mata 1994. Umutangabuhamya yari
209 210
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Nzeri 2009, urup. 34. Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Nzeri 2009, urup. 49. 211 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Nzeri 2009, urup. 41. 212 Ikimenyetso gihamya cyUbwunganizi gifite numero 26 (Inyandiko yumwirondoro); Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 16 Nzeri 2009, imp. 1-2. 213 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 16 Nzeri 2009, urup. 3. 214 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 16 Nzeri 2009, imp. 2-3. 215 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 16 Nzeri 2009, urup. 6. 216 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 16 Nzeri 2009, imp. 8, 29. 217 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 16 Nzeri 2009, urup. 8. 218 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 16 Nzeri 2009, urup. 33. 39 CI10-0010K
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Visi-Perezida wInterahamwe ku rwego rwa komine, naho Tarek Aziz akaba Perezida wuwo mutwe219. Umutangabuhamya yabwiye Urugereko ko yagiye mu gitero cyagabwe kuri CIMERWA ku itariki ya 16 Mata 1994220 ndetse ko Munyakazi yari umusaza bityo akaba atarigeze agira uruhare na rumwe mu mutwe wInterahamwe221. Cyakora, Umutangabuhamya yemera ko we ubwe yari afite imyaka 42 yamavuko igihe yari Visi-Perezida wInterahamwe222. Mu mutwe wInterahamwe abari barengeje imyaka 40 yamavuko bari bake kandi umutangabuhamya yibukamo bane gusa, na we arimo223. 102. Munyakazi ntiyigeze atera inkunga Interahamwe. Interahamwe ntizigeze na rimwe zikorera inama mu nzu ya Munyakazi cyangwa mu rugo na rumwe rwabagore be. Ubusanzwe Komite Nyobozi yakoraga inama ku cyumweru kandi yayikoreraga ku biro bya komine224. Interahamwe zambaraga imyenda idoze mu bitenge, kandi buri Nterahamwe yahawe igitenge cyayo225. Umutangabuhamya ntiyigeze abona Munyakazi aha abantu ibitenge226. Interahamwe zo mu Bugarama ntizigeze ziha Munyakazi abantu bo kumuherekeza cyangwa kumurindira umutekano227, kandi Umutangabuhamya ntiyigeze na rimwe abona Munyakazi ari kumwe nabantu bamurinze228. 103. Mbere yitariki ya 6 Mata 1994, Tarek Aziz yakodeshaga icyumba mu nzu ya Munyakazi229. Muri Werurwe 1994, imyitozo ya gisirikare mu Bugarama yahabwaga gusa abasiviri bAbarundi kandi nta sano yari hagati yAbarundi nInterahamwe. Mbere ya Mata 1994, Interahamwe zari zishishikajwe no gukangurira abantu amatwara yishyaka ryazo no gufasha abaturage, ntizari zishishikajwe nimyotozo ya ya gisirikare230. Interahamwe zo mu Bugarama ntizigeze zikoresha imodoka za
219
Ikimenyetso gihamya cyUbwunganizi gifite numero 27 (Inyandiko yumwirondoro); Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 17 Nzeri 2009, imp. 1-2. 220 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 17 Nzeri 2009, urup. 11. 221 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 17 Nzeri 2009, urup. 3. 222 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 17 Nzeri 2009, urup. 15. 223 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 17 Nzeri 2009, urup. 16. 224 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 17 Nzeri 2009, imp. 4-5, 13. 225 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 17 Nzeri 2009, imp. 4-5. 226 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 17 Nzeri 2009, urup. 5. 227 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 17 Nzeri 2009, urup. 8. 228 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 17 Nzeri 2009, urup. 11. 229 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 17 Nzeri 2009, urup. 3. 230 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 17 Nzeri 2009, imp. 5-7. 40 CI10-0010K
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Munyakazi231, kandi umutangabuhamya ntiyigeze na rimwe abona Interahamwe zirira mu nzu ya Munyakazi iyo ari yo yose232. Isesengura ryUrugereko 104. Ubwunganizi ntibuhakana ko Munyakazi yari afite inzu enye,233 ko umuryango we wari ufite boroki 80 zumuceri234, cyangwa ko Munyakazi yari Perezida wa Koperative CAVECUVI kuva mu mwaka wa 1991 kugeza muri Gicurasi 1993235. Bwemera kandi ko yabaye Perezida wa Banki yAbaturage yo mu Bugarama ubwo yashingwaga. Munyakazi yiyemerera ko yari intengamare mu Rwanda mbere yo guhunga igihugu muri Nyakanga 1994236. Kubera ibyo, Urugereko rusanga impande zombi zumvikana ko Uregwa yari umukire kandi wagize amahirwe urebye uko abandi bantu bari bamerewe icyo gihe mu Bugarama. 105. Urugereko rusanga Porokireri ataratanze ikimenyetso kigaragaza imiterere yinzego za politiki muri Komine ya Bugarama no muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu, cyangwa imiterere yizo nzego hamwe muri aho hombi. Porokireri ntiyatanze kandi ibimenyetso ku birebana nimikoranire yamashyaka ya politiki anyuranye. Byongeye kandi, ibimenyetso byatanzwe mu iburanisha ku birebana nuruhare rwa Munyakazi mu bya politiki ntibifatika, ndetse nta kimenyetso na kimwe cyatanzwe cyerekeranye nuburyo yafataga Abatutsi nyamuke. Kuba Uregwa yari umuyoboke wa MRND, impande zombi zibyumvikanaho. Icyo impande zombi zitumvikanaho ni ukumenya niba Uregwa yari afite ububasha, budakomoka ku mategeko, ku Nterahamwe zo mu Bugarama. 106. Abatangabuhamya bashinja biswe LAY, BWP na BWR bose bavuga ko basangaga Munyakazi ari umuyobozi wInterahamwe zo mu Bugarama kubera ko bamubonaga muri za mitingi ari kumwe nInterahamwe, kandi akakirwa nkumuntu ukomeye. Mu kugaragaza ko Munyakazi yari afite ijambo rikomeye ku Nterahamwe, BWR atanga
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 17 Nzeri 2009, urup. 12. Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 17 Nzeri 2009, urup. 15. 233 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Ukwakira 2009, imp. 5-6, 8-9, 17-18; Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 15 Ukwakira 2009, urup. 13. 234 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Ukwakira 2009, urup. 4. 235 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Ukwakira 2009, imp. 19-21. 236 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 15 Ukwakira 2009, urup.12. 41 CI10-0010K
232 231
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urugero ku byabereye ahantu hitwa ku Ijambwe. Avuga ko icyo gihe Munyakazi yahaye Interahamwe amabwiriza kandi zikayubahiriza. Cyakora, ntavuga itariki ibyo bintu byabereyeho kandi nta wundi mutangabuhamya ushinja ubivuga. Muri abo batangabuhamya batatu nta numwe utanga amakuru yatuma umuntu amenya ko Interahamwe zaherekezaga Munyakazi cyangwa se yatuma umuntu amenya abantu bamwakiraga nkumuntu ukomeye. Kubera ko hatatanzwe ibisobanuro, Urugereko ntirushobora kwemeza niba ubuhamya bwabagabo kuri iki kibazo bushyigikirana bihagije ku buryo bwashingirwaho mu kumenya umwanya Munyakazi yari afite muri icyo gihe. Byongeye kandi, BWR avuga ko ubwo zasohokaga, Intarehamwe zari ziyobowe na Munyakazi . Yongeraho ko, bavuga Interahamwe, abaturage bo mu Bugarama bavugaga ko ari Interahamwe za Yussuf237. Cyakora, uyu mutangabuhamya avuga ko yavuye mu Bugarama ahunze ku itariki ya 7 Mata 1994, bityo ubuhamya bwe bukaba budasobanutse neza ku byerekeranye no kumenya niba ibyo avuga ko Munyakazi yari afite aho ahuriye nInterahamwe ari ibya mbere cyangwa ibya nyuma yiyo tariki. Kuba gusa abantu baba barabonye Munyakazi ari kumwe nInterahamwe inshuro imwe cyangwa rimwe na rimwe, ubwabyo ntibihagije ngo Urugereko rwanzure ruvuga ko Uregwa yari umuyobozi wInterahamwe, azifiteho ububasha budakomoka ku mategeko. 107. Umutangabuhamya ushinja witwa Esidras Musengayire avuga ko Munyakazi yamufataga nkumuhungu we. Yarisangaga mu rugo kwa Munyakazi, bityo akaba yarashoboraga kubona neza niba Munyakazi yari afite aho ahuriye nInterahamwe. Urugereko rusanga ubuhamya bwe kuri izi ngingo bufite ireme, kandi ibaza rinyomoza ntacyo ryabuhungabanyijeho. Nubwo Munyakazi avuga ko Musengayire amushinja kubera ko ari we Perezida wa IBUKA mu Bugarama238, mu ibaza rinyomoza ntibwabajije uyu mugabo ikibazo kirebana no kuba umuyoboke wa IBUKA. Ntibwanatanze ibindi bimenyetso bishyigikira ibyo Munyakazi avuga kuri icyo kibazo. Byongeye kandi, Umutangabuhamya yemera ko yakijijwe na Munyakazi ubwo yaragiye kwicwa ku itariki ya 7 Mata 1994. Kubera iyo mpamvu, Urugereko rusanga hataragaragajwe impamvu uyu mutangabuhamya yahimbira Munyakazi
237 238
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 22 Mata 2009, imp. 48-49. Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 15 Ukwakira 2009, urup. 11; Munyakazi yamenye ko nta Mututsi wo mu Bugarama washoboraga kumushinja. Ni gutyo, hafashwe icyemezo ko Prezida wa Ibuka, Ishami ryo mu Bugarama, ashobora kuza kumushinja. Musengayire ni Perezida wa Ibuka mu Bugarama. 42 CI10-0010K
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cyangwa ngo akabye inkuru mu kumushinja. Cyakora, Urugereko ruzirikana ibyo umutangabuhamya yavuze ntawe ubimusabye mu gusoza ubuhamya bwe. Icyo gihe yasabye Munyakazi gusaba imbabazi zibyaha yakoze239. Umutangabuhamya ntasobanura aho ashingira yemeza nta shiti ko Munyakazi yakoze ibyaha. Urugereko ruributsa ko uwo mutangabuhamya yari mu bitaro kuva ku itariki ya 7 Mata kugeza ku ya 3 cyangwa iya 4 Gicurasi 1994, kandi muri icyo gihe ni bwo hakozwe ibyaha Munyakazi ashinjwa. Cyakora, Urugereko rusanga ubuhamya bwuyu mugabo bwakwizerwa kandi bwakwemerwa kuri byinshi, ariko atari kuri byose. 108. Nkuko Musengayire abivuga, Munyakazi yari umuyoboke wa MRND ariko nta mwanya yari yaratorewe muri iryo shyaka ku rwego rwa komine. Nubwo yabonaga Munyakazi ari kumwe nInterahamwe, ntiyigeze yumva Munyakazi avuga ko yari umuyobozi wazo. Ahubwo, Munyakazi yitaga abandi Interahamwe, kandi Musengayire yemeza ko Perezida wInterahamwe yari Job Mabwire. Ibyo avuga binyuranye nibyavuzwe nabatangabuhamya bashinja biswe BWX na BWW, ndetse na Munyakazi ubwe240. Cyakora, Musengayire asanga Munyakazi yaravugaga rikijyana mu Nterahamwe. Mu gushyigikira ibyo avuga kuri iki kibazo, atanga urugero rwubushyamirane bwigeze kuba, yibuka gusa ko hari mbere yitariki ya 7 Mata 1994, hagati yInterahamwe nurubyiruko rwa MDR rwitwaga abajideri [JDR] kandi ubwo bushyamirane bwahitanye umuntu umwe. Kubera ibyo byari byabaye, Munyakazi yarafashwe maze Interahamwe zikora imyigaragambyo zifunga umuhanda munini ugana kuri CIMERWA umunsi wose. Iyo myigaragambyo yatumye Munyakazi arekurwa241. Nta wundi mutangabuhamya uvuga ibi bintu. 109. Ubwo Munyakazi yabazwaga mu ibaza rinyomoza, Porokireri yerekanye agace ka raporo yitwa Rapport sur les Droits de LHomme au Rwanda [Raporo ku burenganzira bwa muntu mu Rwanda], ahavugwa ko ku itariki ya 11 Ukwakira 1992 Munyakazi yayoboye inama ya MRND i Gikundamvura. Nkuko iyo raporo ibivuga, nyuma yiyo nama habaye imvururu zikomerekeramo abantu 12 maze Munyakazi
239
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 27 Mata 2009, urup. 19; Esidras Musengayire agira ati: Ba Nyakubahwa, nkumuhungu wa Munyakazi, ndashaka kumusaba ku mugargaro kwemera icyaha, bityo igihano cye kigashobora kuba cyagabanywa. Koko rero, abakoze ibyaha nka - - mu gihe kimwe na we bemeye ibyaha bakoze maze ibihano byabo biragabanywa ku buryo ubu bibera mu ngo zabo batengamaye. 240 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 27 Mata 2009, urup. 15. 241 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 24 Mata 2009, imp. 2- 3. 43 CI10-0010K
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arafatwa kubera ibyo bintu. Nyuma yaho, abayoboke ba MDR barwanyije izo mvururu naho aba MRND bo barwanya icyo gikorwa cyabayoboke ba MDR. Munyakazi yaje kurekurwa ku itariki ya 17 Ukwakira 1992242. Urugereko rusanga Porokireri atarerekanye ku buryo buboneye aho ashingira yiyambaza iyo raporo. Mu byukuri, inkomoko yiyo raporo ntizwi, ndetse nuwayikoze ntazwi, kandi nta kintu na kimwe kizwi ku muryango watangaje iyo raporo. Kubera iyo mpamvu, Urugereko nta gaciro rwaha iyo raporo. 110. Byongeye kandi, nubwo ibyabaye bivugwa muri iyo raporo bisa nibyo Musengayire yemeza mu buhamya bwe, Urugereko rusanga rutabishingiraho ngo rwemeze nta shiti ko ubwo buhamya bwombi bwerekeranye nikintu kimwe cyabaye. Munyakazi yemeye ko yafashwe nyuma yubushyamirane bwabaye hagati ya MRND nirindi shyaka, ariko agasobanura ko yafashwe kubera ko yari yashwanye nabayoboke ba MRND. Yongeraho ko icyo gihe Parike ya Repuburika yakoze iperereza maze igasanga ari umwere. Na none, ntibyumvikana neza niba Munyakazi avuga ku bintu bimwe nibyo Musengayire yatanzeho ubuhamya cyangwa ibyanditse muri raporo ku burenganzira bwa muntu243. Kubera ko ibimenyetso bitangwa kuri icyo kintu cyabaye, cyangwa kuri ibyo bintu byabaye, bidasobanutse neza, Urugereko nta gaciro kanini rushobora kubiha. 111. Urugereko rwemera ibisobanuro bya Musengayire ku buryo yafashwe nInterahamwe ku itariki ya 7 Mata 1994. Musengayire avuga ko ubwo Interahamwe zamufataga, zamujyanye kwa Munyakazi zibwira ko Munyakazi aza gutegeka ko bamwica. Ibi bisa nibishaka kuvuga ko Munyakazi agomba kuba yari afite ububasha ku Nterahamwe. Cyakora, Musengayire anavuga ko Munyakazi yagerageje kumurwanaho maze amushyira mu cyumba cyinzu ye, ariko Interahamwe imwe ikamutera [Musengayire] gerenade iyinyujije mu idirishya. Byongeye kandi, uwo munsi nyirizina, nInterahamwe yo muri ako gace yishe undi muhungu wUmututsi,
Ikimenyetso gihamya cya Porokireri cyahawe nomero 23, Association Rwandaise pour la Dfense des Droits de la Personne et des Liberts Publiques, Rapport sur les Droits de LHomme au Rwanda, octobre 1992 octobre 1993 , [Umuryango Nyarwanda Uharanira Uburenganzira bwa Muntu nUbwisanzure bwa Rubanda, Raporo ku Burenganzirwa bwa Muntu mu Rwanda , Ukwakira 1992-Ukwakira 1993 ], Ukuboza 1993. 243 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 15 Ukwakira 2009, urup. 26. 44 CI10-0010K
242
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witwaga Shema Saidi kandi uwo nyakwigendera na we yarerwaga na Munyakazi244. Urugereko rusanga ibyo bintu byabaye bituma umuntu ashidikanya ku bivugwa ko Munyakazi yari afite ububasha ku Nterahamwe igihe ibivugwa mu Nyandiko yibirego byabaga. 112. Urugereko rwemera ko Umutangabuhamya ushinja wiswe BWX yakoreraga hafi yinzu ya Munyakazi i Misufi mbere yibyabaye muri Mata 1994, bityo akaba yarashoboye gukurikirana neza ibyaberaga muri ako gace. Cyakora, Urugereko rurashidikanya ku byerekeranye nukwizerwa kwe muri rusange. Mu byukuri, ubuhamya bwa BWX buravuguruzanya ku byerekeranye no kumenya niba yarakomeje kenshi gukorera hafi yinzu ya Munyakazi nyuma yitariki ya 6 Mata 1994. Nkurugero, uyu mutangabuhamya avuga ko yagiye ku kazi ku itariki ya 7 Mata 1994 kubera ko atahigwaga kuko ari Umuhutu245. Nyamara ariko, nta na hamwe akomoza ku gitero cyagabwe uwo munsi kuri Esidras Musengayire, kandi bari baziranye. Ibi, hamwe nibyo umutangabuhamya yiyemereye mu ibaza rinyomoza ko yahungishirije umugore we wUmututsikazi muri Repuburika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo ku itariki cya 7 cyangwa iya 8 Mata 1994, cyangwa se ahagana kuri ayo matariki, byerekana ko ku itariki ya 7 Mata 1994, BWX atari ahantu yakorerega246. Urugereko rwumvise ubuhamya bufatika bwerekana ko Abahutu bo mu Bugarama bari bafitanye amasano nAbatutsi cyangwa se ababarengeraga, bishwe nabagabaga ibitero bo muri ako gace. Kubera iyo mpamvu, Urugereko rusanga bidashoboka cyane ko, nyuma yibyabaye ku itariki ya 6 Mata 1994, umuntu wari ufite umugore wUmututsikazi akomeza gukorera hafi yinzu Interahamwe zateraniragamo. Umutangabuhamya ntiyagize icyo avuga kuri iki kibazo.
244
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha,14 Ukwakira 2009, imp. 26, 40-41; Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 31 Kanama 2009, imp. 25-26, 56. 245 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 24 Mata 2009, imp.18, 22-23: BWX yemeza ko ku itariki ya 7 Mata 1994 kubera ko yari Umuhutu, yakomeje gukora nkuko bisanzwe kuko atahigwaga. Ubwo umutekano warushagaho kuba nabi, byabaye ngombwa ko yimura ibikoresho bye . Nyuma yitariki ya 6 Mata 1994, Interahamwe zo mu Bugarama ni bwo zatangiye gutoteza Abatutsi bo muri ako gace, ni na bwo zashimuse uwitwa Nzaramba. Nzaramba ntiyigeze agaruka, kandi BWX asanga nyakwigendera yarishwe azira ko yahungishije Umututsi bari baturanye. Undi muntu witwa Ndadaye, na we wari Umuhutu, yahishe Umututsi bari baturanye anamufasha guhunga yambuka umupaka wu Rwanda. Ndadaye na we yafashwe nInterahamwe kandi ntiyongeye kugaragara. BWX akeka ko Ndadaye na we yishwe. Abo bantu bombi bahohotewe bari baturanye numutangabuhamya ku buryo hagati yingo zabo nurwe hari intera itarenze metero 10. 246 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 24 Mata 2009, imp. 24, 25; Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 27 Mata 2009, imp. 23-24. 45 CI10-0010K
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113.
Urugereko
magambo make abihamya, akenshi BWX ntiyabitanzeho ibisobanuro iyo yasabwaga kubivuga mu magambo arambuye. Nkurugero, uyu mutangabuhamya yemeza ko Tarek Aziz, wari umutoza wInterahamwe, yabaga mu nzu ya Munyakazi ariko ntazi uburyo yahabaga. Mu bavuze ku birebana naho Tarek Aziz yari acumbitse, ni we mutangabuhamya wenyine utarashoboye kwemeza, nibura, ko Tarek Aziz yabaga muri iyo nzu ayikodesha. Umutangabuhamya avuga kandi ko yabonaga Munyakazi mu myitozo yInterahamwe, ariko ko atazi icyo Uregwa yabaga ahakora. Yabonye Interahamwe zikora imyitozo nimbunda anabona abarindaga Munyakazi bitwaje imbunda, ariko ntazi niba izo mbunda zarabikwaga mu rugo kwa Munyakazi i Misufi. Mu gusoza, Urugereko rusanga nubwo avuga ko yabaga ari hafi yo kwa Munyakazi buri munsi, bityo ngo akaba yarashoboraga kumenya ibihabera, mu byukuri BWX azi bike cyane ku Nterahamwe zivugwa ko zateraniraga mu nzu ya Munyakazi. 114. BWX yumva Interahamwe zarahawe imbunda muri mitingi yabereye mu Bugarama mu mwaka wa 1993 iyobowe na Andr Ntagerura. Ibyo abikeka kubera ko Munyakazi, akaba ari we muntu wari uzwi cyane wo mu Bugarama witabiriye iyo mitingi, yunganiye Ntagerura muri iyo mitingi, kandi ikimara kurangira ni bwo umutangabuhamya yabonye bwa mbere Interahamwe zifite imbunda247. Nta wundi mutangabuhamya numwe ushimangira igice icyo ari cyo cyose cyibyo uyu mugabo avuga kuri iyo mitingi. Mu byukuri, abandi batangabuhamya bavuga ko Interahamwe zahawe imbunda nabantu babaga muri ako karere, barimo abasirikare nabajandarume. 115. Kubera ko ubuhamya bwa BWX burimo ibintu bivugurazanya kandi biteye urujijo, Urugereko rurashingira gusa ku byo avuga, cyane cyane byabaye nyuma yitariki ya 7 Mata 1994. Cyakora rurabishingiraho igihe bifite ubundi buhamya bubishimangira. 116. Hari impamvu zimwe na zimwe zituma BWX yibwira ko Munyakazi yari umuyobozi wishyaka rya MRND mu Bugarama akaba na Prezida wInterahamwe zo muri ako gace. Mu byukuri, yemeza ko Interahamwe zari zifite icyicaro cyazo mu nzu ya Munyakazi yari hafi yinyubako ya Gasutamo. Cyakora, Urugereko
247
rusanga
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 24 Mata 2009, urup.21; Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 27 Mata 2009, imp. 26-27, 32. 46 CI10-0010K
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bidasobanutse neza ukuntu uyu mutangabuhamya yamenye ibyo bintu kandi iyo nyubako avuga itari iya Munyakazi248. Umutangabuhamya yemeza kandi ko Interahamwe zakoreraga amanama kwa Munyakazi, iyo mvugo ikaba ishyigikirwa na Musengayire na BWW249. Anemeza ko Interahamwe zakoraniraga kwa Munyakazi mbere yo kugaba ibitero bigamije kwica no gusahura, kandi ko akenshi Munyakazi yajyanaga na zo. BWW ashimangira ubuhamya bwa BWX buvuga ko Interahamwe zabaga kwa Munyakazi, kandi ko Munyakazi yari yarahaye akazi abamurindaga bari mu mutwe wInterahamwe250. 117. Umutangabuhamya ushinja wiswe BWU yaciriwe urubanza kandi ahamywa ibyaha byakorewe kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi muri Mata 1994, bityo akaba yarabaye icyitso cyUregwa. Yemeza ko mu iburanisha ryabereye mu Rukiko Gacaca muri Nyakanga 2005 yemeye icyaha, ko ariko ubwemeracyaha bwe butemewe nurwo rukiko251. Mu bwemeracyaha bwe bwa mbere, uyu mutangabuhamya ntiyavuze izina rya Munyakazi, nta nicyo yavuze ku gitero cyagabwe kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi ku itariki ya 29 Mata 1994252. Avuga gusa ibitero byagabwe kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi ku itariki ya 13 niya 20 Mata 1994, ariko ntacyo avuga ku bwicanyi bwabaye muri ibyo bitero. Mu iburanisha muri uru rubanza, umutangabuhamya yemeza ko ubwo yari muri gereza yagejeje ku bategetsi babishinzwe ubwemeracyaha bwa kabiri bwuzuye kurushaho, ari na bwo asobanuramo uruhare rwa Munyakazi mu byabereye i Shangi ku itariki 29 Mata 1994. Ubwemeracyaha bwe bwa kabiri bwaremewe253, ariko ntibwatanzwe nkubuhamya muri uru rubanza. 118. Ku itariki ya 27 Nzeri 2007, umutangabuhamya yahaye ubuhamya abapererezi ba TPIR254. Muri ubwo buhamya, yabwiye abo bapererezi ko mu manza za Gacaca
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 27 Mata 2009, imp. 34-35, 38 (iburanisha mu muhezo). Musengayire, Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 24 Mata 2009, imp. 1,3: Muri Mata 1994, mbere yuko umutangabuhamya ava mu Bugarama, Interahamwe zahuriraga kwa Munyakazi; BWW, Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 29 Gicurasi 2009, urup. 29, (iburanisha mu muhezo) iyo Munyakazi yabaga ashaka guha Interahamwe amabwiriza, yabikoreraga mu gipangu cye kugira ngo abantu bindorerezi badashobora kumva ibirimo kuvugirwa aho. 250 BWW, Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 29 Gicurasi 2009, imp. 13, 15-17,19, 22, 28, 34-35 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 251 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 4 Kamena 2009, imp. 4, 12-15. 252 Ikimenyetso gihamya cyUbwunganizi gifite numero 4 (ubwemeracyaha bwo mu mwaka wa 2005); Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 4 Kamena 2009, urup. 34. 253 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 4 Kamena 2009, imp. 11-12, 14. 254 Ikimenyetso gihamya cyUbwunganizi cyahawe nomero 5 (Ubuhamya bwahawe abapererezi ba TPIR, ku itariki ya 27 Ukwakira 2007); Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 4 Kamena 2009, imp. 11, 16, 22, 34. 47 CI10-0010K
249 248
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yavuze ko Munyakazi ari umwe mu bantu bakoze ibyaha255. Kubera ariko ko ubwemeracyaha bwa kabiri bwuyu mutangabuhamya butatanzwe nkikimenyetso muri uru rubanza, Urugereko ntirwiriwe rusuzuma ukuri kubuhamya bwe ku birebana nubwo bwemeracyaha bwe. 119. Rumaze gusuzuma ubuhamya bwose bwa BWU, Urugereko rusanze mu bwirege bwe, uyu mugabo atavuga ko Munyakazi yari mu gitero cyagabwe kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi ku itariki ya 29 Mata 1994. Nubwo mu ntangiriro zurubanza rwe mu Rwanda, uyu mutangabuhamya ashobora kuba yaragerageje gupfobya uruhare rwe muri jenoside, Urugereko rusanga iyi ngingo ari ingirakamaro. Byongeye kandi, nubwo Ubwunganizi butabajije umutangabuhamya niba yaragabanyirijwe igihano kubera ko yashinje abo bafatanyije gukora ibyaha, Urugereko rusanga mu Rwanda yarakatiwe igihano cyigifungo cyimyaka 10256, hatitawe ku buremere bwibyaha yemeye ko yakoze. Na none, umutangabuhamya asa nuvuga ko mu bwemeracyaha bwe bwa kabiri yavuze abantu bafatanyije gukora ibyaha barenze abo yari yavuze mbere, barimo na Munyakazi. Kubera izo mpamvu, Urugereko buhamya bubishimangira. 120. BWU yemeza ko muri mitingi ya MRND yabereye kuri Sitade ya Kamarampaka, muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu, mu mpera zumwaka wa 1993, Bagambiki wari Perefe wa Cyangugu yerekanye Munyakazi nkumuyobozi wInterahamwe muri Komine ya Bugarama. Umutangabuhamya asobanura ko we yari umuyoboke wishyaka CDR, bityo akaba atarashoboye kumenya niba Perezida wa MRND muri Cyangugu yari muri iyo mitingi257. Umutangabuhamya yongeraho ko iyo mitingi iba yari afite imyaka 19 yamavuko, kandi ko andi mashyaka ntacyo yari amubwiye258. Kubera ko nta wundi mutangabuhamya uvuga iyi mitingi, Urugereko ntirushobora guha agaciro kanini ubu buhamya. 121. BWU yari mu gitero cyagabwe kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi ku itariki ya 29 Mata 1994 kandi yemeza ko icyo gitero cyari kiyobowe na Munyakazi. Nkuko biza
255 256
ntirushira amakenga
ubuhamya bwe, bityo rukaba rugendera kuri bimwe mu byo avuga igihe bifite ubundi
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 4 Kamena 2009, urup. 11. Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 4 Kamena 2009, urup. 5. 257 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 4 Kamena 2009, imp. 5-6, 21-22. 258 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 4 Kamena 2009, urup. 19 48 CI10-0010K
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bubushimangira byerekana ko Porokireri yagaragaje ku buryo budashidikanywaho, ko icyo gitero cyari kiyobowe na Munyakazi (reba Umutwe wa II.8). 122. BWW na we yari icyitso cyUregwa kandi yaciriwe urubanza ndetse ahamwa nicyaha cya jenoside mu mwaka wa 1994259. Yafashwe mu Ugushyingo cyangwa Ukuboza 1994. Avuga ko mu mwaka wa 2005 muri Parike ya Cyangugu yatanze ibisobanuro birambuye ku byaha yakoze260. Nyuma yaho, urukiko Gacaca rwa mbere rwaramuburanishije maze rumukatira igihano cyigifungo cyimyaka 13 naho urwa kabiri rumukatira icyimyaka 14. Yarekuwe amaze imyaka 12 namezi 6 afunze. Avuga ko yarekuwe hashingiwe ku Iteka rya Perezida kubera ko yemeye ibyaha kandi akabyicuza261. Umutangabuhamya yemeza ko muri Mata 1994 yakoze ibyaha afatanyije cyane cyane na Munyakazi na Tarek Aziz, wari ucumbitse mu nzu ya Munyakazi kandi anamwungirije mu bikorwa bibisha262. 123. Nubwo Ubwunganizi butabajije Umutangabuhamya niba yaragabanyirijwe igihano kubera ko yashinje abo bafatanyije gukora ibyaha, Urugereko rusanga yarireze ubwicanyi bwinshi ariko akarekurwa amaze imyaka 12 namezi 6 afunzwe. Byongeye kandi, asa nuvuga ko habayeho amasezerano yubwemeracyaha ariko ubuhamya bwe kuri iyi ngingo ntibusobanutse neza263. Kubera ibyo bibazo, Urugereko nta gaciro kanini ruha ibyo BWW avuga, uretse ko bimwe na bimwe bishobora kwitabwaho mu gihe gusa bifite ubundi buhamya bubishyigikira. 124. Nubwo BWW yiyemerera ko yari mu mutwe wInterahamwe zo mu Bugarama, nta ruhande na rumwe rwamubajije niba Munyakazi yari umuyobozi wInterahamwe zo mu Bugarama muri Mata 1994. Ahubwo, avuga ko Munyakazi yari umuyoboke wa MRND kandi ko, nkumuyoboke nyine, yashakaga urubyiruko rwo kwinjiza mu
259 260
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 29 Gicurasi 2009, imp. 6-7. (iburanisha mu muhezo). Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 29 Gicurasi 2009, imp. 25-26, 27. Nkuko Porokireri abivuga, yagejeje ku Bwunganizi ibaruwa yanditswe na Parike yo mu Bugarama ivuga ko nta nyandiko ifite zerekeranye na BWW. 261 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 29 Gicurasi 2009, urup. 8 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 262 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 29 Gicurasi 2009, imp. 6-7 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 263 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 29 Gicurasi 2009, imp. 8, 26-27: Maze kwirega no kwemera icyaha, no gusaba imbabazi Leta na Guverinoma yUbumwe bwigihugu, natanze amakuru yose ya ngombwa, kandi ayo makuru yasakajwe ahantu hose yari akenewe, muri za segiteri na za serire zinyuranye. Nagombaga gutanga amakuru yerekeranye nibyo birego . 49 CI10-0010K
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mutwe wInterahamwe264. Ni we mutangabuhamya wenyine wemeza ko Munyakazi yagize uruhare mu gushaka urubyiruko rwo kwinjiza mu mutwe wInterahamwe. Ni na we kandi mutangabuhamya rukumbi wemeza ko Interahamwe zo mu Bugarama zabikaga intwaro zazo kwa Munyakazi, nubwo bishoboka ko ari we wari ahantu hatuma amenya neza ibyo bintu kurusha abandi batangabuhamya, uretse umutangabuhamya ushinjura wiswe ELB. Urugereko zabikwaga mu nzu ya Munyakazi. 125. Cyakora, ubuhamya bwa BWW bushimangira ubwa BWX ku byerekeranye nuko Munyakazi yari afite abamurinda bari mu mutwe wInterahamwe. BWU, BWR na BWP bashimangira ubuhamya bwa BWW buvuga ko Munyakazi yayoboye igitero cyagabwe kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi ku itariki ya 29 Mata 1994. Abatangabuhamya bashinja biswe LCQ, MM na MP bashimangira ubuhamya bwa BWW buvuga ko Munyakazi yari umwe mu bayoboye igitero cyagabwe kuri Paruwasi ya Mibilizi265. Kuba Munyakazi yarayoboye ibitero byagabwe kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi niya Mibilizi byerekana ko yari afite ijambo rigaragara ku Nterahamwe zo mu Bugarama muri iyo minsi, ariko iryo jambo akaba atararikomoraga ku mategeko. 126. Ubwo yabazaga Munyakazi ibibazo binyomoza, Porokireri yavuze ko Munyakazi yarezwe mu rukiko Gacaca rwa Serire ya Misufi nurwa Serire ya Muko, ashinjwa kuba yari akuriye Interahamwe zari mu Karere ka Bugarama, akaba yaranayoboraga ibikorwa byInterahamwe mu Ntara ya Cyangugu niya Kibuye; kuba inzu ye yari icyicaro cyInterahamwe ari naho zikoranira; no kuba yarohereje Interahamwe kwica Rwitembagaza266. Mu gusubiza, Munyakazi avuga ko abamureze muri Serire ya Misufi niya Muko ari abashakaga kwigarurira umutungo we267. Urugereko rusanga Ibimenyetso gihamya bya Porokireri byahawe nomero 26 na 27 ari inyandiko zatanzwe nUrukiko rwIkirenga rwu Rwanda, Umutwe Ushinzwe Inkiko Gacaca,
264 265
ruributsa ko BWX na
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 29 Gicurasi 2009, urup. 9 (iburanisha mu muhezo). Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 29 Gicurasi 2009, imp. 20-21. 266 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 15 Ukwakira 2009, imp. 35-38; Ikimenyetso gihamya cya Porokireri cyahawe nomero 26 na 27 (Dosiye ya Munyakazi muri Gacaca). Ikimenyetso gihamya cya Porokireri cyahawe nomero 26 gikubiyemo umwirondoro wUregwa, cyerekana mu nteruro eshatu ngufi ibirego Uregwa ashinjwa, kikanerekana urutonde rwabahohotewe nibyaha Uregwa ashinjwa, ndetse nabatangabuhamya bashobora guhamagazwa. Ikimenyetso gihamya cya Porokireri cyahawe nomero 27, indi Fishi yUregwa, gikubiyemo icyaha cyihariye Uregwa ashinjwa, kandi cyerekana mu nteruro ngufi ebyiri ibikorwa ashinjwa. 267 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 15 Ukwakira 2009, urup. 38. 50 CI10-0010K
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kandi izo nyandiko zitwa Ifishi yUregwa . Muri izo nyandiko, nta nimwe yerekana ko Uregwa yaba yaraciriwe urubanza cyangwa ngo ahamwe nicyaha icyo ari cyo cyose mu Rwanda. Kubera iyo mpamvu, Urugereko nta gaciro ruhaye ibyo bimenyetso. 127. Ubwunganizi buvuga ko Munyakazi yari umuyoboke usanzwe wa MRND gusa, nkabandi Banyarwanda benshi muri icyo gihe. Ntiyigeze aba mu mutwe wInterahamwe, kandi ni mu gihe kuko Interahamwe zari ishami ryurubyiruko rwishyaka, bityo Munyakazi akaba atari kwemererwa kujya muri uwo mutwe kubera ko yari asheshe akanguhe mu gihe ibivugwa byabaga268. 128. Urugereko rusanga mu buhamya bwabo, abatangabuhamya batatu bashinjura bemeza ko hari igihe mu Nterahamwe habaga harimo abantu barengeje imyaka 40 yamavuko. Izo mvugo zabo zituma rushidikanya ku byo Ubwunganizi bwireguza buvuga ko Munyakazi yari ashaje cyane ku buryo atashoboraga kuba mu mutwe w Interahamwe269. Nyamara ariko, abatangabuhamya bose bashinjura bemeza ko Munyakazi atari mu mutwe wInterahamwe zo mu Bugarama ko kandi atigeze yitabira ibikorwa byazo mu buryo ubwo ari bwo bwose. Mu gihe bamwe mu batangabuhamya bashinjura bavuga ko Tarek Aziz ari we wayoboraga Interahamwe zo mu Bugarama270, abandi bemeza ko bazi neza ibyo Interahamwe zo mu Bugarama zakoze, bavuga ko batazi abakuru bazo271. Hari nabandi batangabuhamya bashinjura bemeza ko mu karere ka Bugara ibyaha byakozwe nudutsiko twurubyiruko twari twarigize indakoreka272. 129. Umutangabuhamya ushinjura wiswe NKM avuga ko, nkumuyoboke wishyaka ritavugaga rumwe nubutegetsi, yakurikiraniraga hafi ibikorwa byishyaka rya MRND
Imyanzuro nsozarubanza yUbwunganizi, igika cya 15; Munyakazi, Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha,14 Ukwakira 2009, urup.21; Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Nzeri 2009, urup. 34; Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 17 Nzeri 2009, urup. 3. 269 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 7 Nzeri 2009, imp.52-53; Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 17 Nzeri 2009, imp. 15, 16; Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 16 Nzeri 2009, urup. 8. 270 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Ukwakira 2009, urup. 22; Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 7 Nzeri 2009, urup. 61; Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 17 Nzeri 2009, urup. 2. 271 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 31 Kanama 2009, imp. 46-47; Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha,1 Nzeri 2009, imp. 48-50.; Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 10 Nzeri 2009, urup. 27 (iburanisha mu muhezo); Thobald Gakwaya Rwaka, Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 16 Nzeri 2009, imp. 8, 28-29. 272 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 10 Nzeri 2009, urup. 27 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 51 CI10-0010K
268
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mu rwego rwa komine273. Cyakora, ntiyashoboye kuvuga amazina yabayoboraga Interahamwe zo mu Bugarama, kandi ntiyigeze abona izo Nterahamwe zikora ibyaha nyuma yitariki ya 6 Mata 1994274. Umutangabuhamya yemeza ko yashyizweho igitugu na Guverinoma yagiyeho nyuma yintambara kugira ngo atange ubuhamya bwikinyoma abeshyera Abahutu bamwe na bamwe. Akimara gutanga ubuhamya mu rukiko Gacaca aho yavuze ko Munyakazi yishe abantu mu Bugarama akanakoresha za mitingi, yahawe akazi ko kuyobora ikigo cyamashuri yisumbuye kandi yari amaze igihe kirekire ari umushomeri. Yumva rero yaragororewe kubera gutanga ubuhamya bushinja275. 130. Umutangabuhamya ushinjura wiswe NRB, wari umuyoboke wa MRND, avuga ko atari Interahamwe bityo akaba adashobora kumenya uwayoboraga Interahamwe zo mu Bugarama276. Abatangabuhama biswe YMC na YMS nabo bavuga ko batazi uwayoboraga Interahamwe zo mu Bugarama muri Mata 1994. Umutangabuhamya wiswe ABM avuga ko nubwo yari azi ko i Kigali hari Interahamwe, atigeze amenya ko no mu Bugarama zihari277. Cyakora, mu ibaza rinyomoza, yemeye ko mu buhamya bwanditse yatanze mbere avuga ko Tarek Aziz yari umuyobozi wInterahamwe zo mu Bugarama. Mu iburanisha, yasobanuye ko atashoboraga guhamya neza niba Tarek Aziz yarayoboraga Interahamwe cyangwa se niba yari umuyoboke wuwo mutwe usanzwe gusa ariko ufitemo ijambo. Urugereko rusanga ibyo avuga bidasobanura neza impamvu mu ibaza ryibanze avuga ko atazi niba mu Bugarama hari Interahamwe278. Abatangabuhamya bashinjura bose ntibashoboye gusobanura ibyerekeranye ninzego zubuyobozi bwInterahamwe mu Bugarama. Bavuga gusa ko bazi neza ko nta ruhare Munyakazi yagize mu bikorwa byazo. Kubera iyo mpamvu, Urugereko rusanga ibivugwa na NKM, NRB, YMC, YMS na ABM ku ruhare rwa Munyakazi mu mutwe wInterahamwe atari ibyo kwizerwa.
273 274
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 31 Kanama 2009, imp. 14-15. Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 31 Kanama 2009, urup. 43. 275 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 31 Kanama 2009, imp. 34-37. 276 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 1 Nzeri 2009, urup. 48. 277 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 10 Nzeri 2009, urup. 10. 278 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 10 Nzeri 2009, urup. 27 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 52 CI10-0010K
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131.
Umutangabuhamya ushinjura wiswe ELB ni Umuhutu kandi yafashwe ku itariki ya 28 Mutarama 1997279. Urukiko Gacaca mu Rwanda rwamuciriye urubanza maze rumuhamya icyaha cya jenoside. Umutangabuhamya, Tarek Aziz nabandi bantu 28, bashinjwaga ubwicanyi bwahitanye Abatutsi ahantu hatandukanye, nkubwabereye kuri CIMERWA, i Mibilizi, i Shangi, no mu Bisesero. Avuga ko atigeze yishora mu bikorwa byabereye i Mibilizi, mu Bisesero ni Shangi ariko akemera ko yari mu gitero cyagabwe kuri CIMERWA280. Muri uru rubanza, yemeza ko muri Mata 1994 yari Visi-Perezida wInterahamwe zo mu Bugarama281. Kubera iyo mpamvu, mu bagabo bose batanze ubuhamya muri uru rubanza, ni we washoboraga kumenya neza kurusha abandi ibyo Interahamwe zakoraga ninzego zuwo mutwe muri kiriya gihe. Cyakora, Urugereko rusanga ELB ari icyitso cyUregwa, ubu akaba arimo kurangiza igihano yakatiwe mu Rwanda kubera ibyaha yemeye ko yakoze mu gihe cya jenoside. Urugereko ruzirikana ko uyu mutangabuhamya ashobora kuba yaratanze ubuhamya agamije gupfobya uruhare rwe mu byabaye muri Mata 1994, bityo rukaba rudaha agaciro kanini ubwo buhamya, uretse igihe bimwe mu byo avuga bifite ubundi buhamya bubishyigikira.
132.
Urugereko rwanzura ruvuga ibyinshi mu bivugwa nabatangabuhamya bashinjura ku miterere yInterahamwe cyangwa ku tundi dutsiko twabagizi ba nabi twakoreraga mu Bugarama muri Mata 1994, bivuguruzanya kandi atari ibyo kwizerwa, bityo bikaba bidatanga amakuru asobanutse ku miterere cyangwa ubuyobozi bwutwo dutsiko.
279 280
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 17 Nzeri 2009, urup. 18. Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 17 Nzeri 2009, urup. 24. 281 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 17 Nzeri 2009, urup. 2. 53 CI10-0010K
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Umwanzuro 133. Urugereko rwemera ko Interahamwe zo mu Bugarama zishobora kuba zarahuriye kenshi mu nzu ya Munyakazi i Misufi. Cyakora ntirushobora kwemeza niba zarahahuriraga bitegetswe na Munyakazi cyangwa se na Tarek Aziz wakodeshaga inzu ya Munyakazi. Byongeye kandi, rusanga ubuhamya buvuga ko Munyakazi yari afite abamurinda bInterahamwe budasobanutse kandi budafatika. Na none, Urugereko ntirushobora kwemeza niba Interahamwe zo mu Bugarama zari zibumbiye mu mutwe ufite imiterere yagenwe kandi ufite inzego zubuyobozi zizwi. 134. Cyakora, Urugereko ruributsa ko Inyandiko yibirego itavuga ko Munyakazi yari umuyobozi wInterahamwe zo mu Bugarama, ahubwo ivuga ko hari ubwo yaziyoboraga . Nkuko biri busobanurwe mu buryo burambuye hasi, Urugereko runyuzwe nibimenyetso byerekana ko Munyakazi yayoboye igitero cyagabwe kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi ku itariki ya 29 Mata 1994 (reba UmutweII.8), nicyagabwe kuri Paruwasi ya Mibilizi ku itariki ya 30 Mata 1994 (reba Umutwe II.9). Kubera iyo mpamvu, Urugereko rusanze Porokireri yaragaragaje nta shiti ko mu buryo budakomoka ku mategeko, Uregwa yayoboye Interahamwe zo mu Bugarama zagabye igitero kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi ku itariki ya 29 Mata 1994, no kuri Paruwasi ya Mibilizi ku ya 30 Mata1994.
135.
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136.
Mu gushyigikira ibyo birego, Porokireri yifashishije ubuhamya bwa BWX, BWW na Esidras Musengayire282.
137.
Ubwunganizi buhakana ibyo birego, bukavuga ko ubuhamya bushinja Porokireri ashingiraho buvuguruzwa nubwUregwa ndetse nubwabagabo biswe NKM, MEBU, MPCC, YCH, ABM, YMC, YMS, MYA na ELB283. Ibimenyetso Umutangabuhamya ushinja wiswe BWX
138.
BWX ni Umuhutu wakoreraga hafi cyane yinzu ya Munyakazi muri Serire ya Misufi, Segiteri ya Bugarama mu mwaka wa 1994284. Umutangabuhamya yabonye bwa mbere Munyakazi ari kumwe nInterahamwe mu mwaka wa 1992 cyangwa uwa 1993 cyangwa hafi yicyo gihe285. Munyakazi yari Perezida wInterahamwe kandi yagize uruhare mu bikorwa byazo nyuma yurupfu rwa Perezida Habyarimana286.
139.
Interahamwe zakoreye imyitozo ku kibuga cyumupira wamaguru cyari ku ibarabara rya cumi, mu mwaka wa 1992 cyangwa uwa 1993287. Umutangabuhamya yabaga hafi yaho hantu bityo akaba yarashoboye kubona Interahamwe zihakorera imyitozo. Avuga ko agereranyije, iyo myitozo yitabirwaga nabantu bagera ku 10288 kandi batozwaga na Tarek Aziz wabaga mu nzu ya Munyakazi. Byari bizwi na bose ko Interahamwe zakoraga imyitozo kandi buri wese yashoboraga kuzibona ziyikora289. Umutangabuhamya ntiyashoboye kuvuga inshuro iyo myitozo yabaye, cyangwa amatariki yabereyeho290. Munyakazi yajyaga ku kibuga cyaberagaho imyitozo ariko
282
Inyandiko yibirego, igika cya 8; Imyanzuro nsozarubanza ya Porokireri, ibika 50-55; Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, Mutarama 2010, imp. 5 na 7. 283 Imyanzuro nzozarubanza yUbwunganizi, ibika 17-23. 284 Ikimenyetso gihamya cya Porokireri gifite numero 6 (Inyandiko yumwirondoro); Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 24 Mata 2009, urup.11; Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 27 Mata 2009, urup.35 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 285 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 24 Mata 2009, urup. 18. 286 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 24 Mata 2009, imp. 18, 22, 23-24. 287 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 24 Mata 2009, imp. 18-19. 288 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 24 Mata 2009, urup. 20. 289 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 24 Mata 2009, imp. 19, 20; Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 27 Mata 2009, imp. 20-21. 290 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 24 Mata 2009, imp. 19. 55 CI10-0010K
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Umutangabuhamya ntiyashoboye gusobanura icyo Munyakazi yahakoraga291. Interahamwe zatangiye kwitwaza imbunda no kuzikoresha mu myitozo mu mwaka wa 1993, ariko Umutangabuhamya ntazi aho izo ntwaro zabikwaga292. Umutangabuhamya ushinja wiswe BWW 140. BWW ni Umuhutu wari mu mutwe wInterahamwe zo mu Bugarama mu mwaka wa 1994. Yaciriwe urubanza kandi ahamywa icyaha cya jenoside yo mu mwaka wa 1994293. Yemeza ko mu gukora ibyaha muri Mata 1994 yafatanyije cyane cyane na Munyakazi na Tarek Aziz, wari ucumbitse mu nzu ya Munyakazi kandi anamwungirije294. 141. Munyakazi yari umuyoboke wa MRND kandi mu mwaka wa 1990 yatangiye gushaka urubyiruko rwo kwinjiza mu mutwe wInterahamwe295. Yagendaga mu modoka irimo indangururamajwi ahamagarira urubyiruko kwinjira mu mutwe wInterahamwe296. Umutangabuhamya yinjiye mu mutwe wInterahamwe muri Werurwe 1993297. Cyakora, mu ibaza rinyomoza, yasobanuye ko, mu byukuri, yinjiye mu mutwe wInterahamwe muri Werurwe 1992298. Icyo gihe, intego yari izwi yInterahamwe yari iyo kurwanirira igihugu299. 142. Interahamwe zakoraga imyitozo buri munsi mu mwaka wa 1993. Umutangabuhamya nizindi Nterahamwe bahabwaga imyitozo nabasirikare nabajandarume bari mu itsinda ryari rikambitse hafi yinzu ya Munyakazi. Mu batangaga imyitozo harimo Liyetona Nduwamungu na Tarek Aziz, wabaga mu nzu ya Munyakazi. Imyitozo yaberaga i Kibangira no ku ibarabara rya cyenda300. Mu ntangiriro, ababaga bakinjira mu mutwe wInterahamwe ntibitozaga bakoresheje imbunda nyazo, ahubwo
291 292
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 27 Mata 2009, urup. 32. Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 24 Mata 2009, urup. 21. 293 Ikimenyetso gihamya cya Porokireri gifite numero 12 (Inyandiko yumwirondoro); Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 29 Gicurasi 2009, imp. 5, 6-7, 9. 294 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 29 Gicurasi 2009, imp. 7-8 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 295 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 29 Gicurasi 2009, urup. 9 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 296 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 29 Gicurasi 2009, urup. 23 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 297 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 29 Gicurasi 2009, urup. 9 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 298 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 29 Gicurasi 2009, imp. 23-24 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 299 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 29 Gicurasi 2009, urup. 11 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 300 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 29 Gicurasi 2009, imp. 12, (Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha iri mu Cyongereza, urup. 24, ivuga ko aho hantu ari ku gasozi ka Kibaringa , naho iyo mu Gifaransa, urup. 31, ikavuga ko aho hantu ari ku ka Kibangira ) 56 CI10-0010K
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bakoreshaga ibiti byabaga byarabajwe bigahabwa isura yimbunda. Muri Werurwe 1994, ni bwo batangiye kwitoza bakoresheje imbunda nyazo301, kandi iyo myitozo yaraberaga mu ishyamba rya Nyirandakunze302. Umutangabuhamya ushinja witwa Esidras Musengayire 143. Esidras Musengayire ni Umututsi wabaga muri Cit Bugarama, Komine ya Bugarama, Perefegitura ya Cyangugu, muri Mata 1994303. Yabaye mu nzu ya Munyakazi kuva mu mwaka wa 1982 kugeza mu wa 1984, kandi muri icyo gihe naho amariye kwimukira mu nzu ye, Munyakazi yamufataga nkumuhungu we304. 144. Muri Mata 1994, Interahamwe zariho kandi umutangabuhamya yazibonaga ziri kumwe na Munyakazi305. Tarek Aziz, wari Interahamwe, yabaga mu cyumba cyinzu yari mu gipangu kwa Munyakazi306. Tarek Aziz yari yarigeze kuba umusirikare kandi yahaga imyitozo Interahamwe zo muri ako gace. Umutangabuhamya ntiyigeze amenya aho imyitozo yakorerwaga307. Yussuf Munyakazi 145. Munyakazi yinjiye mu ishyaka rya MRND mu mwaka wa 1992 ariko nta mwanya wubuyobozi uzwi yigeze agira muri iryo shyaka, kandi ntiyigeze arishakira abayoboke308. Tarek Aziz yari Perezida wInterahamwe ku rwego rwa komine, akaba yari yungirijwe na Thomas Mugunda309.
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 29 Gicurasi 2009, imp. 23-24 (iburanisha mu muhezo). Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 29 Gicurasi 2009, imp. 24-25 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 303 Ikimenyetso gihamya cya Porokireri cyahawe nomero 5 (inyandiko yumwirondoro wumuntu); Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 23 Mata 2009, urup. 48. 304 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 23 Mata 2009, urup. 51; Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 27 Mata 2009, urup. 2. 305 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 23 Mata 2009, urup. 52. 306 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 27 Mata 2009, imp. 15-16. 307 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 24 Mata 2009, imp. 4-5. 308 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Ukwakira 2009, urup. 21; Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 15 Ukwakira 2009, imp. 20-21. 309 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Ukwakira 2009, urup. 22; Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 15 Ukwakira 2009, imp. 39-41. 57 CI10-0010K
302
301
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146.
Munyakazi ntiyigeze ahabwa imyitozo ya gisirikare kandi ntiyigeze afata imbunda mu ntoki ze310. Ntiyigeze amenya ko imyitozo ya gisirikare yaberaga mu ishyamba rya Kibangira cyangwa ku kibuga cyumupira wamaguru cyo mu Bugarama. Hagati yicyo kibuga naho Munyakazi yari atuye hari intera igera nko kuri metero 500, bityo iyo imyitozo ya gisirikare iza kuhabera yari kubimenya. Ntiyigeze ajya ku ishyamba rya Nyirandakunze, ryari muri Komine ya Nyakabuye, mu ntera igera ku birometero 35 uvuye mu Bugarama 311.
147.
Tarek Aziz yakodeshaga icyumba mu nzu ya Munyakazi, akariha ubukode bwa buri kwezi kimwe nabandi bakodeshaga312. Yatangiye gukodesha icyo cyumba mbere yuko amashyaka menshi yaduka mu gihugu313. Munyakazi ntiyagiraga Tarek Aziz inama kandi nta nubwo yamugenzuraga314. Tarek Aziz yari umugoronome, akora kuva ku wa mbere kugeza ku wa gatandatu, ndetse hakaba ubwo yakoraga na ninjoro. Kubera iyo mpamvu, Munyakazi yumva Tarek Aziz atarashoboraga kubona umwanya wo guha imyitozo Interahamwe. Interahamwe zateraniraga ku biro bya komine, cyakora Munyakazi ntiyakurikiranaga ibikorwa byazo315.
148.
Munyakazi yakoze iperereza maze amenya ko Tarek Aziz ari we wateye gerenade kuri Esidras Munsegayire wari mu nzu ye [ya Munyakazi] ku itariki ya 7 Mata 1994316. Uwo munsi, Munyakazi yasabye Tarek Aziz kumuvira mu nzu, maze Tarek Aziz yimuka uwo munsi bwenda kwira317. Umutangabuhamya ushinjura wiswe NKM
149.
NKM ni Umuhutu wari umuyoboke wishyaka PDI kandi akaba yarakoraga muri banki muri Komine ya Bugarama318. Avuga ko Munyakazi yari umukiriya wiyo banki319. Hari ikibuga cyumupira wamaguru ku rya cumi muri Komine ya
310 311
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Ukwakira 2009, urup. 23. Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Ukwakira 2009, urup. 30. 312 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Ukwakira 2009, urup. 16. 313 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Ukwakira 2009, urup. 23. 314 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 15 Ukwakira 2009, urup. 41. 315 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Ukwakira 2009, imp. 17, 23. 316 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Ukwakira 2009, urup. 40. 317 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Ukwakira 2009, urup. 41. 318 Ikimenyetso gihamya cyUbwunganizi cyahawe nomero 6 (Inyandiko yumwirondoro); Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 31 Kanama 2009, imp. 5, 7-8, 38 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 319 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 31 Kanama 2009, imp. 8, 9 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 58 CI10-0010K
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Bugarama, ariko Umutangabuhamya ntiyigeze abona urubyiruko rwa MRND ruhakorera ibintu bidasanzwe cyangwa se imyitozo ya gisirikare hagati yumwaka wa 1993 nitariki ya 6 Mata 1994, yewe nta numuntu yigeze abyumvana320. Tarek Aziz yakodeshaga imwe mu mazu ya Munyakazi321. Hagati ya Mata na Nyakanga 1994, Umutangabuhamya ntiyigeze abona Tarek Aziz akoranyiriza urubyiruko aho yari acumbitse, yewe nta numuntu yigeze abyumvana322. Nta mubano udasanzwe wari hagati ya Tarek Aziz na Munyakazi323.
Umutangabuhamya ushinjura wiswe MEBU 150. MEBU ni Umuhutu wari utuye muri Segiteri ya Bugarama mu mwaka wa 1994324. Ahura bwa mbere na Munyakazi, uyu mutangabuhamya yari afite imyaka 10 yamavuko325. Avuga ko nta myitozo ya gisirikare yigeze ikorerwa mu Bugarama326. Umutangabuhamya ushinjura wiswe MPCC 151. MPCC ni Umututsi wabaga muri muri Segiteri ya Ruhoko, Komine ya Gishoma, mu mwaka wa 1994327 kandi yari umuyoboke wishyaka rya MRND muri Komine ya Gishoma328. Yahuye bwa mbere na Munyakazi mu ntangiriro yimyaka ya za mirongo inani, kandi Munyakazi yari umuyoboke wishyaka rya MRND329. Umuyobozi wInterahamwe zo mu Bugarama yari Tarek Aziz, ntabwo yari Munyakazi330 . 152. Urubyiruko rwo mu gace yari atuyemo ntirwigeze ruhabwa imyitozo ya gisirikare mbere yo mu mpera za Gicurasi 1994, ubwo hashyirwagaho imitwe yo kwirengera kwabaturage muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu kimwe nahandi hose mu gihugu. Iyo
320 321
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 31 Kanama 2009, urup. 22. Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 31 Kanama 2009, imp. 27, 47. 322 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 31 Kanama 2009, urup. 48. 323 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 31 Kanama 2009, imp. 27-28. 324 Ikimenyetso gihamya cyUbwunganizi cyahwe nomero 8 (Inyandiko yumwirondoro); Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 31Kanama 2009, imp. 50, 52, 54 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 325 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 31 Kanama 2009, urup. 54. 326 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 31 Kanama 2009, urup. 57-58. 327 Ikimenyetso gihamya cyUbwunganizi cyahawe nomero 18 (Inyandiko yumwirondoro); Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 7 Nzeri 2009, imp. 44, 46, 57-58 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 328 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 7 Nzeri 2009, imp. 46, 58 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 329 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 7 Nzeri 2009, imp. 47-48 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 330 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 7 Nzeri 2009, imp. 60-61 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 59 CI10-0010K
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mitwe yari igamije gutera ingabo mu bitugu abasirikare bari ku rugamba. Claudien Singirankabo, umusirikare wari mu kiruhuko cyizabukuru, ni we watunganyije imitwe yo kwirengera kwabaturage muri Serire Umutangabuhamya yabagamo331. Umutangabuhamya ushinjura wiswe AMB 153. AMB ni Umuhutu wigaga muri kaminuza hanze ya Bugarama mu mwaka wa 1994. Hagati yUkwakira 1993 nitariki ya 6 Mata 1994 yasubiye mu Bugarama inshuro nyinshi332. Abagore ba Munyakazi babiri, ari bo Mama Safi na Mama Zainabu, bombi bari baturanye niwabo wumutangabuhamya. Ubwo yabaga ari mu Bugarama, AMB ntiyigeze na rimwe abona Tarek Aziz aha imyitozo urubyiruko. Ku cyumweru, hari igihe yajyaga kureba umupira wamaguru ku ibarabara rya cumi aho ikibuga cyumupira wamaguru cyari kiri, ariko nta na rimwe yigeze abona hakorerwa imyitozo ya gisirikare, yewe nta nundi muntu yumvise avuga ko byabaye333. Tarek Aziz yakodeshaga imwe mu mazu ya Munyakazi, ariko umutangabuhamya ntiyigeze na rimwe abona Tarek Aziz ari kumwe na Munyakazi. Bari bahujwe gusa nuko Munyakazi yari nyirinzu Tarek Aziz yakodeshaga334. Umutangabuhamya ushinjura wiswe YMC 154. Umutangabuhamya YMC ni Umuhutu, yari umucuruzi mu wa 1994 kandi yabaga muri Selire ya Misufi mu Bugarama. Ubwo Umutangabuhamya yajyaga mu Bugarama gutangira gucuruza mu wa 1985 ni ho yahuye na Munyakazi bwa mbere. Aho uyu mutangabuhamya yacururizaga hari hafi yaho Munyakazi yacururizaga335. 155. Ku ibarabara rya cumi hari ikibuga cyumupira. Umutangabuhamya ntiyabonye abasirikare cyangwa se abantu bitwara gisirikare bahitoreza mbere yitariki ya 6 Mata 1994. Ntiyanabonye abasirikare cyangwa se abantu bitwara gisirikare bakorera imyitozo mu ishyamba rya Nyirandakuze mbere yitariki ya 6 Mata 1994, yewe nta
331 332
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 7 Nzeri 2009, urup. 51 (iburanisha mu muhezo). Ikimenyetso gihamya cyUbwunganizi gifite numero 21 (Inyandiko yumwirondoro); Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 10 Nzeri 2009, imp. 1na 3 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 333 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 10 Nzeri 2009, urup. 9. 334 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 10 Nzeri 2009, urup. 8. 335 Ikimenyetso gihamya cyUbwunganizi cyahawe n 22 (inyandiko yumwirondoro); Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Nzeri 2009, imp. 1-2, 3 (Iburanisha mu muhezo). 60 CI10-0010K
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nuwo yumvise abivuga. Munyakazi ntiyari ashinzwe imyitozo ya gisirikare yishami ryurubyiruko rwa MRND336. Tarek Aziz, wari Interahamwe, yabaga mu nzu ya Munyakazi. Umutangabuhamya ntiyigeze abona Munyakazi na Tarek Aziz hamwe337. Umutangabuhamya ushinjura wiswe YMS 156. Umutangabuhamya wiswe YMS ni Umuhutu, akaba yari umucuruzi kandi yabaga muri Segiteri ya Bugarama, Komine ya Bugarama mu wa 1994338. Nkumucuruzi, yari azi Munyakazi mu wa 1994, kandi yamubonaga ajya ku musigiti339. Umutangabuhamya ntiyigeze abona Munyakazi ahagarikira imyitozo ya gisirikare aho hantu340. Ikibuga cyumupira cyo mu Bugarama cyari ku ibarabara rya cumi341. 157. Muri Gicurasi na Kamena 1994, abasore bafite imyaka 15 nirenzeho, bo mu mashyaka yose, baherwaga imyitozo ku mihanda. Bakoreshaga ibiti babaga babaje ku buryo bisa nimbunda. Icyo iyo myitozo yari igamije byari ugutegura abo basore kujya gufasha abasirikare. Iyo myitozo yari yarashyizweho na Guverinoma yinzibacyuho kandi yayoborwaga na Koloneli Singirankabo342. Umutangabuhamya ntiyigeze abona Munyakazi ajya muri ibyo bikorwa343. 158. Tarek Aziz yabaga mu nzu yakodeshaga kwa Munyakazi344. Hagati ya 1993 nitariki ya 6 Mata 1994, Tarek Aziz na Munyakazi ntibakunze kuba bari hamwe kubera ko bakoraga imirimo itandukanye345. Tarek Aziz nta ruhare yagize mu gushakira ishyaka abayoboke, nta nuruhare yagize mu buyobozi bwishami ryurubyiruko rwishyaka. Hari abandi bantu bari bashinzwe ishami ryurubyiruko346.
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Nzeri 2009, urup. 10. Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Nzeri 2009, imp. 7, 23. 338 Ikimenyetso gihamya cyUbwunganizi cyahawe n 24 (inyandiko yumwirondoro); Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Nzeri 2009, imp. 30-31 (Iburanisha mu muhezo). 339 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Nzeri 2009, urup. 31 (Iburanisha mu muhezo). Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Nzeri 2009, urup. 33. 340 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Nzeri 2009, urup. 38.
337 341 342
336
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Nzeri 2009, urup. 37. Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Nzeri 2009, urup. 40. 343 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Nzeri 2009, imp. 40, 53, 59. 344 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Nzeri 2009, urup. 32 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 345 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Nzeri 2009, urup. 33. 346 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Nzeri 2009, urup. 47. 61 CI10-0010K
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Umutangabuhamya ushinjura wiswe MYA 159. Umutangabuhamya wiswe MYA ni Umuhutu, akaba yaroherejwe gukorera muri Jandarumori yo mu Bugarama kuva muri Werurwe hagati kugeza ku itariki ya 9 Mata 1994, ubwo yajyaga gukorera ku cyicaro gikuru cya Jandarumori yi Cyangugu. Mbere yaho yari yaroherejwe gukorera muri Jandarumori yo mu Bugarama inshuro ebyiri : inshuro ya mbere, ni mu mpera zumwaka wa 1992 ; inshuro ya kabiri ni mu mwaka wa 1993. Buri gihe yamaraga mu Bugarama nkukwezi347. Intera yari hagati yinzu ya Munyakazi nibiro bya Jandarumori mu Bugarama ni nka metero 300348. 160. Mu Bugarama hari ibibuga bibiri byumupira wamaguru. Kimwe cyari mu mujyi nyirizina naho ikindi cyari ku ruganda rwa CIMERWA. Abajandarume bajyaga ku kibuga cyo mu mujyi gukina umupira buri wa gatanu. Ku yindi minsi, bajyagayo gukora imyitozo. Umutangabuhamya ntiyigeze ajya ku kibuga cyo kuri CIMERWA kandi ntiyigeze amenya ko hari imyitozo yakorerwaga ku kibuga cyumupira wamaguru cyo mu Bugarama349. Hari ishyamba mu gace ka Kibangira ariko nta kuntu abajandarume baba barahakoreye imyitozo barashisha imbunda kubera ko hari abaturage bari batuye hafi yiryo shyamba. Iyo haza kubera imyitozo yo gukoresha imbunda, abajandarume bo mu Bugarama baba barumvise urusaku rwamasasu350. 161. Mu gihe yari mu Bugarama, ntiyigeze abona abajandarume bakoresha ibiti mu myitozo yabo351. Umutangabuhamya ntiyigeze amenya ko hagati yumwaka wa 1993 na Mata 1994 hari abasore babasivili baherewe imyitozo mu Bugarama yo gukoresha intwaro352.
347
Ikimenyetso gihamya cyUbwunganizi cyahawe n 25 (inyandiko yumwirondoro); Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 15 Nzeri 2009, imp. 4-5, 12. 348 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 15 Nzeri 2009, urup. 10. 349 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 15 Nzeri 2009, urup. 8. 350 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 15 Nzeri 2009, urup. 9. 351 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 15 Nzeri 2009, urup. 11. 352 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 15 Nzeri 2009, urup. 9. 62 CI10-0010K
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Umutangabuhamya ushinjura wiswe ELB 162. Umutangabuhamya wiswe ELB ni Umuhutu, akaba yari Visi-Perezida
wInterahamwe mu rwego rwa Komine. Tarek Aziz ni we wari Perezida353. Muri Werurwe 1994, Interahamwe nta myitozo ya gisirikare zakoze. Abarundi, bari baravuye mu gihugu cyabo nyuma yurupfu rwa Perezida Ndadaye bakaza kuba ku biro bya Komine byari ahantu hitwa Kibanguro ku ibarabara rya kabiri, ni bo bakoraga imyitozo ya gisirikare [Ndt : Mu nyandikomvugo yiburanisha iri mu gifaransa, handitse ko abo Barundi babaga muri za burende ku biro bya Komine cyangwa ku ibarabara rya kabiri ahitwa Kibangiro]. Barirukaga bakava Kibanguro, bagahura nirindi tsinda ryaturukaga kuri CIMERWA, noneho bose bakerekeza ku ibarabara rya kabiri kugira ngo bahakorere imyitozo ya gisirikare. Abakoraga imyitozo bari abasivili ariko abatoza babo bari abasirikare354. Abo Barundi bari bafite aho bahurira nitsinda rya Jandarumori ryakoreraga mu Bugarama ariko ntaho bari bahuriye na Munyakazi nInterahamwe. Icyo Interahamwe zari zigamije kwari ugutera inkunga mu bikorwa bya Komine, ntibyari ugutanga imyitozo ya gisirikare355. Isesengura ryUrugereko Kwinjiza abantu mu mutwe wInterahamwe 163. Ubuhamya rukumbi buvuga ko Munyakazi yagize uruhare mu kwinjiza abantu mu mutwe wInterahamwe bwatanzwe numutangabuhamya ushinja wiswe BWW, akaba kandi yari icyitso cyuregwa. Yavuze ko Munyakazi yari umuyoboke wishyaka rya MRND, ko ari yo mpamvu yazengurukaga hose muri ako gace ashishikariza urubyiruko kwinjira mu mutwe wInterahamwe. Yemeje ariko ko Munyakazi yakoze ibi mu wa 1990, kandi ibivugwa mu Nyandiko yibirego ntibirebana nibyabaye muri uwo mwaka. Porokireri nta bimenyetso kandi yatanze bigaragaza ko Munyakazi yakomeje gukora ibyo kugeza mu gihe kivugwa mu Nyandiko yibirego. Ikindi kandi,
353
Ikimenyetso gihamya cyUbwunganizi cyahawe n 27 (inyandiko yumwirondoro); Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 17 Nzeri 2009, imp. 1-2. 354 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 17 Nzeri 2009, imp. 5-6. 355 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 17 Nzeri 2009, urup. 6. 63 CI10-0010K
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BWW ntazi neza umwaka we ubwe yinjiriye mu Nterahamwe356. Na none, rukurikije ibyo BWW yavuze birebana nigikorwa cyo kwinjiza abantu mu mutwe wInterahamwe, Urugereko rusanga icyo gikorwa cyaba cyarakozwe ku mugaragaro kandi kizwi na bose. Bityo rero, abandi batangabuhamya bagombye kuba barashyigikiye ubu buhamya bavuga ku ruhare rwa Munyakazi muri icyo gikorwa. 164. Kubera ibyo, Porokireri ntiyagaragaje ku buryo budashidikanywaho ko Yussuf Munyakazi yinjije abantu mu mutwe wInterahamwe hagati yUkwakira 1993 na Mata 1994. Imyitozo 165. Abatangabuhamya bashinja biswe BWX na BWW, hamwe na Esdras Musengayire bavuze bose mu buhamya bwabo ko Interahamwe zatorejwe mu Bugarama, ko Tarek Aziz yari umwe mu bazitozaga, kandi ko Tarek Aziz yabaga muri imwe mu nzu za Munyakazi. BWX ni we mutangabuhamya wenyine wavuze ko Munyakazi yabaga ari aho imyitozo yaberaga, bityo akaba ari we mutangabuhamya rukumbi wavuze ko Munyakazi yari afite uruhare mu itozwa ryInterahamwe. 166. Mu wa 1994, WBX yakoreraga hafi yo kwa Munyakazi mu Misufi, kandi yavuze ko yafatwaga nkumwe mu bantu bo mu muryango wa Munyakazi. Bityo rero, mu batangabuhamya bashinja, BWX na Esidras Musengayire, wafatwaga nkumwana Munyakazi yari yaragize uwe, ni bo bari hafi ya Munyakazi kurusha abandi. Nyamara ariko, nubwo BWX yari azi ko Tarek Aziz yabaga mu nzu ya Munyakazi, yavuze ko atari azi uburyo Tarek Aziz yayibagamo357. Abandi batangabuhamya bose bari bazi Tarek Aziz bemeza ko yakodeshaga kwa Munyakazi. 167. BWX ni we mutangabuhamya ushinja wenyine wavuze ko Munyakazi yabaga ari aho imyitozo yakorerwaga ku kibuga cyumupira wamaguru ku ibarabara rya cumi358. Urugereko ruremera ko yari atuye hafi yicyo kibuga cyumupira, bityo akaba
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 29 Gicurasi 2009, imp. 9, 23-24. Umutangabuhamya ushinja wiswe BWW yavuze ko yinjiye mu Nterahamwe muri Werurwe 1993. Mu gihe cyibaza rinyomoza yasobanuye ko mu byukuri yinjiye mu Nterahamwe muri Werurwe 1992. 357 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 27 Mata 2009, imp. 21-23. 358 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 24 Mata 2009, urup. 18; Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 27 Mata 2009, urup. 32. 64 CI10-0010K
356
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yarashoboraga kumenya ibyahaberaga. Nyamara ariko, uyu mutangabuhamya ntiyashoboye kuvuga amatariki iyo myitozo yabereyeho, cyangwa se ngo agereranye inshuro yakozwe. Uyu mutangabuhamya yemeje ko Interahamwe zatangiye kwitoza nimbunda mu wa 1993359. Ibi ariko binyuranye nibyo BWW, wari Interahamwe yo mu Bugarama, yavuze ko Interahamwe zitatangiye kwitoza nimbunda mbere ya Werurwe 1994. Igice kimwe cyubuhamya bwa BWW gishyigikirwa na Esidras Musengayire wavuze ko atigeze abona Interahamwe zifite intwaro mbere yitariki ya 7 Mata 1994. Kuba uwo mutangabuhamya BWX atarashoboye kwibuka amatariki imyitozo yabereyeho ntibitangaje. Ariko igiteye Urugereko amakenga kurushaho, nuko atashoboye kuvuga niba izo mbunda yaratangiye kuzibona mbere gato yibyabaye muri Mata 1994 cyangwa niba zarakoreshwaga mbere hose mu myitozo yInterahamwe. 168. Ikindi kandi, BWX yavuze ko atari azi aho izo mbunda zabikwaga. BWW we yavuze ko imbunda zabikwaga mu nzu ya Munyakazi yari iri hafi yaho BWX yakoreraga. Urugereko rusanga kandi BWX yaravuze ko Interahamwe zakoreshaga imbunda mu myitozo yazo ku kibuga cyumupira wamaguru cyari ku ibarabara rya 10, naho BWW akavuga ko imyitozo yakorerwaga mu ishyamba rya Nyirandakunze. 169. Urugereko rusanga BWX yaravuze ko Tarek Aziz ari we watangaga imyitozo, naho BWW akaba yaravuze ko Tarek Aziz yari umwe mu batoza benshi, bamwe muri bo ari abajandarume abandi ari abasirikare. Urugereko rusanze ubuhamya bwa BWX bujyanye nimyitozo budasobanutse neza kandi ahanini budahuje nubuhamya bwabandi bagabo. Urugereko ruributsa kandi hari umwanzuro rwafashe ruvuga ko ubuhamya bwa BWX atari ubwo kwizerwa igihe cyose. 170. Umutangabuhamya Musengayire na we wari umuntu wa Munyakazi wa hafi, ashyigikira ubuhamya bwa BWX ko Tarek Aziz, wabaga mu nzu ya Munyakazi, yagize uruhare mu guha Interahamwe imyitozo. Nyamara ariko, Musengayire ntacyo yavuze ku ruhare rwa Munyakazi ubwe muri iyo myitozo. Yavuze gusa ko kenshi kwa Munyakazi habaga hari Interahamwe. Urugereko ntirushobora guhera kuri ibyo ngo rwemeze ko Munyakazi yagize uruhare mu gutoza Interahamwe.
359
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 27 Mata 2009, urup., 21; Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 27 Mata 2009, imp. 27, 32. 65 CI10-0010K
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171.
Nkumwe mu bari mu mutwe wInterahamwe zo mu Bugarama, BWW yashoboraga kumenya ibirebana nimyitozo yakorwaga mu Bugarama kurusha abandi batangabuhamya bashinja. Yavuze ko Interahamwe zatozwaga buri munsi mu wa 1993, ko zitigeze zihabwa imbunda mbere ya Werurwe 1994, kandi ko Tarek Aziz yari umwe mu batangaga iyo myitozo. Yanavuze ahantu imyitozo yakorerwaga. Nubwo BWW ari icyitso cyUregwa, Urugereko rusanga ari uwo kwizerwa kuri izi ngingo. BWW ntiyavuze ko Munyakazi yagize uruhare mu myitozo, kandi ntiyanavuze ko Munyakazi yabaga ari aho imyitozo yakorerwaga. Yavuze gusa ko Tarek Aziz yari yungirije Munyakazi, ariko kuri iyi ngingo ubuhamya bwe ntibwari busonabanutse kubera ko atigeze avuga Tarek Aziz mu bitero Munyakazi yayoboye kuri Paruwasi ya Mibilizi niya Shangi uyu mutangabuhamya yiyemereye ko yagiyemo.
172.
Niyo Urugereko rwakwemera ubuhamya bwa BWX buvuga ko hari igihe Munyakazi yabaga ari aho imyitozo yInterahamwe yakorerwaga, rusanga ariko ubu buhamya bwonyine budahagije kugira ngo rube rwabushingiraho rwemeza ko Uregwa yagize uruhare mu itozwa ryInterahamwe zo mu Bugarama. BWX yavuze ko iyo myitozo yakorwaga ku mugaragaro ku kibuga cyumupira wamaguru cyo muri ako gace. Bityo, hashoboraga kuboneka abandi bagabo bashyigikira ubwo buhamya bwe. Kuba Tarek Aziz, wari umutoza wInterahamwe, yarakodeshaga inzu ya Munyakazi nta cyo byafashaho cyane Urugereko mu gufata umwanzuro ko Munyakazi yagize uruhare mu itozwa ryInterahamwe. Umwanzuro wUrugereko
173.
Urugereko rusanze ibimenyetso Porokireri yatanze bidahagije kugaragaza ko Yussuf Munyakazi, abiziranyeho nabandi bavugwa mu Nyandiko yibirego, yashatse abantu bo kwinjiza mu mutwe wInterahamwe zo mu Bugarama, akabaha imyitozo ya gisirikare kandi akabigisha gukoresha imbunda nizindi ntwaro, ibyo akaba yarabikoze ku matariki atandukanye nahantu hatandukanye muri Komine ya Bugarama no mu duce duhana imbibi niyo komine360.
360
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5. KUBIKA INTWARO NO KUZIKWIRAKWIZA MU NTERAHAMWE ZO MU BUGARAMA 174. Igika cya 9 cyInyandiko yibirego kivuga ibi bikurikira :
Hagati ya Mutarama na Nyakanga 1994, Yussuf Munyakazi yahaye Interahamwe zo mu Bugarama imbunda, za gerenade nizindi ntwaro zakundaga kubikwa iwe muri Cit Bugarama, muri Komine Bugarama361.
175.
Porokireri ashingira ku buhamya bwabiswe BWW, BWU, BWX na BWR, no ku bwa Esidras Munsengayire.
176.
Ubwunganizi buhakana ibivugwa ko Munyakazi yabitse intwaro zumutwe wInterahamwe zo mu Bugarama cyangwa se ko yakwirakwije intwaro mu bagize uwo mutwe362. Bushingira ku buhamya bwabiswe NKM, NRB, YMS, AMB, YMC, MYA na ELB, no ku bwa Munyakazi.
Ibimenyetso Umutangabuhamya ushinja wiswe BWW 177. Umutangabuhamya wiswe BWW ni Umuhutu363, akaba yaraciriwe urubanza akanakatirwa kubera ko yakoze jenoside mu wa 1994. Yavuze ko yakoranaga cyane cyane na Munyakazi na Athanase Ndutiye, bitaga Tarek Aziz, wabaga mu nzu ya Munyakazi kandi wari wungirije Munyakazi364. 178. Yavuze ko mu Bugarama hari Interahamwe zirenze 2000, kandi zakoreshaga intwaro zabikwaga kwa Munyakazi. Muri izo ntwaro harimo za Kalashnikov, imbunda zoroheje zishobora kurasa amasasu yurufaya, imbunda zisanzwe namagerenade. Izo ntwaro zatangwaga nabajandarume nabasirikare mu maKomine atandukanye. Iyo Interahamwe zakeneraga intwaro zazisabaga Munyakazi365. Izo ntwaro zabikwaga mu
361 362
Inyandiko yibireho, igika 9. Imyanzuro yUbwunganizi, ibika 24-33. 363 Ikimenyetso gihamya cya Porokirei cyahawe n 12 (inyandiko yumwirondoro); Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 29 Gicurasi 2009, urup. 6 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 364 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 29 Gicurasi 2009, imp. 6-7 (iburanisha mu muhezo) 365 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 29 Gicurasi 2009, urup. 13 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 67 CI10-0010K
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cyumba cya gatatu uturutse ku muryango winjiraga mu nzu ya Munyakazi, kandi icyo cyumba cyapimaga metero eshatu kuri metero eshatu nigice366. Interahamwe zahabwaga imyitozo buri munsi mu wa 1993, zikoresha ibiti byabazwaga ku buryo bisa nimbunda. Muri Werurwe 1994 ni bwo zatangiye guhabwa imbunda nyazo367.
Umutangabuhamya ushinja wiswe BWU 179. Umutangabuhamya ushinja wiswe BWU ni Umuhutu, akaba yari umuhinzi mu wa 1994368 kandi yari umuyoboke wishyaka rya CDR369. Yarezwe kuba yaragiye mu bwicanyi kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi kandi yaburanye muri Gacaca muri Segiteri ya Shangi muri Mutarama 2007. Yemeye ibyaha bikomeye yakoreye kuri paruwasi hanyuma akatirwa igihano cyigifungo cyimyaka 10. Nyuma yaho yaje gufungurwa kubera ko icyo gihe yari akimaze afunze byagateganyo370. 180. Ku itariki ya 20 Mata 1994, uwo mutangabuhamya yari kuri bariyeri kuri santere ya Bushenge i Shangi, afite intwaro yari yahawe na Gatamobwa wari umuyobozi wa CDR muri ako gace371. Munyakazi yageze kuri bariyeri ahagana saa cyenda nyuma ya saa sita, hamwe nimodoka za Daihatsu zuzuye intwaro372. Muri izo ntwaro harimo ibyuma, imipanga, imbunda, ferabeto zisongoye, namagerenade. Mu modoka ya Munyakazi harimo intwaro zifite ubugi zirenga 150. Abicanyi batari bafite intwaro mu gihe habaga igitero kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi, bagiye kuzifata ku mamodoka yari aho. Muri icyo gitero, Umutangabuhamya yakoresheje umupanga373, naho abandi bakoresha imbunda374.
366 367
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha. 29 Gicurasi 2009, urup. 31 (iburanisha mu muhezo). Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 29 Gicurasi 2009, imp. 12, 23-25 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 368 Ikimenyetso gihamya cya Porokireri cyahawe n 13 (inyandiko yumwirondoro); Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 4 Kamena 2009, urup. 2. 369 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 4 Kamena 2009, urup. 6. 370 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 4 Kamena 2009, urup. 3-5. 371 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 4 Kamena 2009, imp. 6-7. 372 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 4 Kamena 2009, urup. 7. 373 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 4 Kamena 2009, urup. 29. 374 Inayndikomvugo yiburanisha, 4 Kamena urup. 26. 68 CI10-0010K
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Umutangabuhamya ushinja wiswe BWX 181. Umutangabuhamya wiswe BWX ni Umuhutu, akaba yarakoreraga hafi yo kwa Munyakazi muri Selire ya Misufi. Uko uwo mutangabuhamya abivuga, yafatwaga nkumwe mu bantu bo mu muryango wa Munyakazi375. Uwo mutangabuhamya akeka ko Interahamwe zatangiye kwitoza mu wa 1992 cyangwa mu wa 1993376. Ntazi uwahaye Interahamwe intwaro, ariko yavuze ko mu wa 1993, Andr Ntagerura na Callixte Nzabonimana bari abategetsi bakuru muri MRND, baje mu Bugarama mu ndege yaguye mu mirima yumuceri yari izengurutswe nuruzitiro. Bamaze kuhagera, Munyakazi yahamagaje abaturage mu nama, kandi uwo mutangabuhamya yari ayirimo. Ntagerura ni we wayoboye iyo nama naho Munyakazi yari amwungirije. Ntagerura na Nzabonimana bagize icyo babwira Interahamwe. Nyuma yiyo nama ni bwo Interahamwe zo mu Bugarama zatangiye kwitoza zikoresheje imbunda. Ni yo mpamvu BWX yaketse ko Ntagerura na Nzabonimana ari bo bari bazanye intwaro icyo gihe. Ntabwo yashoboye kumenya aho izo ntwaro zabikwaga377.
Umutangabuhamya ushinja witwa Esidras Musengayire 182. Umutangabuhamya Esidras Musengayire ni Umututsi, akaba yarabaga muri Cit Bugarama, Komine ya Bugarama, Perefegitura ya Cyangugu mu wa 1994378. Uwo mutangabuhamya yavuze ko yabaye mu rugo kwa Munyakazi kuva mu wa 1982 kugeza mu wa 1984, ko kandi Munyakazi yamufataga nkumuhungu we379. 183. Musengayire ntiyigeze abona Interahamwe zitwaje imbunda mbere yitariki ya 7 Mata 1994. Yazibonye zitwaje imigozi (cordelettes) ziri muri za mitingi zishyaka, kandi zafungaga imihanda mu gihe cyimyigaragambyo380. Musengayire na Tarek Aziz
Ikimenyetso gihamya cya Porokireri cyahawe n 6 (inyandiko yumwirondoro); Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 24 Mata 2009, Urup. 12 (iburanisha mu muhezo); Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 27 Mata 2009, urup. 35 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 376 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 24 Mata 2009, imp. 19-20. 377 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 24 Mata 2009, urup. 21; Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 24 Mata 2009, imp. 27, 32. 378 Ikimenyetso gihamya cya Porokireri cyahawe n 5 (inyandiko yumwirondoro); Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 23 Mata 2009, urup. 48. 379 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 23 Mata 2009, urup. 51; Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 27 Mata 2009, urup. 2. 380 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 24 Mata 2009, urup. 5. 69 CI10-0010K
375
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baganiraga bya gicuti ku birebana nInterahamwe kubera ko Musengayire yinjiraga kwa Munyakazi atishisha kandi ni ho Tarek Azizi yakodeshaga inzu yabagamo. Umunsi umwe mbere yitariki ya 7 Mata 1994, Musengayire yabonye Tarek Aziz afite masotera yari yambaye ku mukandara, ariko nta kintu kidasanzwe cyabaye uwo munsi381. 184. Ku itariki ya 7 Mata 1994, Musengayire yatewe nagatsiko kInterahamwe zari zitwaje imigozi nibyuma. Icyo gihe, uyu mutangabuhamya nta zindi ntwaro yabonye382. Ubwo zamujyanaga kwa Munyakazi, yahasanze izindi Nterahamwe eshatu, ariko nta ntwaro yazibonanye. Nubwo Munyakazi yagerageje kumurengera, Musengayire yateweho gerenade akigera mu nzu kwa Munyakazi. Musengayire ntazi uwateye iyo gerenade uwo ari we. Nyamara ariko, mu manza za Gacaca, Interahamwe imwe yavuze ko iyo gerenade yatewe nindi Nterahamwe yitwa Zacharia Mario, wari umuhungu wa Munyakazi383. Umutangabuhamya ushinja wiswe BWR
185.
Umutangabuhamya wiswe BWR ni Umututsi, akaba yarabaga muri Segiteri ya Gitambi, Komine ya Nyakabuye, mu wa 1994.Yakoraga muri kantine ya CIMERWA384. Uyu mutangabuhamya yavuze ko yabonaga kenshi Interahamwe, ko kandi zabaga zitwaje imbunda ninkota. Interahamwe zari zifite umurongo zigenderaho. Zambaraga iniforume kandi zikitwaza amagerenade nibyuma, ari yo mpamvu umutangabuhamya yibwira ko Interahamwe zari umutwe ufite inzego zubutegetsi385. Umutangabuhamya yakekaga ko Munyakazi ari we wayoboraga Interahamwe386.
381 382
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 24 Mata 2009, imp. 4-5, 7. Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 24 Mata 2009, imp. 4-5, 7. 383 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 24 Mata 2007, urup. 4. 384 Ikimenyetso gihamya cya Porokireri cyahawe n 2 (inyandiko yumwirondoro); Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 22 Mata 2009, imp. 41 (iburanisha mu muhezo), 47. 385 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 22 Mata 2009, urup. 50. 386 Inyandikomvugo yibruranisha, 22 Mata 2009, ipm. 41, 49-50. 70 CI10-0010K
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Yussuf Munyakazi 186. Munyakazi avuga ko atigeze abika intwaro mu nzu ye nimwe mu gihe kivugwa mu Nyandiko yibirego387. Muri icyo gihe kandi nta mbunda yigeze atunga. Nta nubwo yari azi gukoresha imbunda, bityo akaba atarashoboraga kuyitwaza388. 187. Abahinzi bakoraga mu mirima ya Munyakazi bose bakoreshaga amasuka nimipanga byabo bwite. Munyakazi ntiyigeze abaha cyangwa abagurira ibyo bikoresho389. Munyakazi ubwe yari afite isuka numupanga, kandi na buri mugore we yari abifite. Byari ibintu bisanzwe ko buri muturage wese agira icyuma mu rugo cyo kubagisha inkoko cyangwa guhata ibitoki nibirayi. Ntiyari atunze ishoka, iyo yayikeneraga yayitiraga mu baturanyi390.
Umutangabuhamya ushinjura wiswe NKM 188. Umutangabuhamya wiswe NKM yari atuye muri Komine ya Bugarama. Yari umuyoboke wishyaka rya PDI kandi yakoraga muri banki muri Komine ya Bugarama mu wa 1994391. Avuga ko nta ntwaro izo ari zo zose zatanzwe mu Bugarama mbere yitariki ya 6 Mata 1994. Muri icyo gihe, nta nzu nimwe yo mu Bugarama yigeze ibikwamo intwaro. Uyu mutangabuhamya ntiyigeze yumva hari umuntu uvuga ko Munyakazi yari abitse intwaro mu nzu ye iyo ari yo yose mu Bugarama392. Ntiyigeze abona Munyakazi yitwaje intwaro. Mu mujyi hari abajandarume nubwo batari benshi, ariko iyo abantu baza kubona Munyakazi afite intwaro, baba barabigejeje kuri abo bajandarume393.
387 388
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Ukwakira 2009, urup. 43. Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Ukwakira 2009, urup. 48. 389 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Ukwakira 2009, urup. 32. 390 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Ukwakira 2009, urup. 33. 391 Ikimenyetso gihamya cyUbwunganizi cyahawe n 6 (inyandiko yumwirondoro); Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 31 Kanama 2009, imp. 7-8 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 392 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 31 Kanama 2009, urup. 23. 393 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 31 Kanama 2009, imp. 30-31. 71 CI10-0010K
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Umutangabuhamya ushinjura wiswe NRB 189. Umutangabuhamya ushinjura wiswe NRB ni Umuhutu, yabaga muri Komine ya Bugarama kandi yakoraga muri koperative CAVECUVI mu wa 1994394. Yari azi Andr Ntagerura395. Imirima yumuceri yari mu gishanga kandi nta ndege cyangwa kajugujugu yashoboraga kuhagwa. Aho iyo mirima yari iri hitwaga kuri Riziculture . Intera yari hagati ya CAVECUVI na Riziculture yageraga nko kuri metero 10. Iyo indege iza kugwa kuri Riziculture, uyu mutangabuhamya aba yarabimenye396.
Umutangabuhamya ushinjura wiswe YMS 190. Umutangabuhamya ushinjura wiswe YMS ni Umuhutu, yari utuye muri Komine ya Bugarama mu wa 1994 kandi yari umucuruzi397. Yabikaga ibicuruzwa bye mu mangazini yakodeshaga kwa Munyakazi398. Uyu mutangabuhamya ntiyigeze abona Munyakazi afite imbunda399. Hagati yaho yari atuye no ku mirima yumuceri aho bavuga ko haguye indege yazanye Ntagerura, hari intera igera nko kuri metero 12. Iyo kajugujugu iza kuhagwa, uyu mutangabuhamya aba yarabimenye400. Umutangabuhamya ushinjura wiswe AMB 191. Umutangabuhamya wiswe AMB ni Umuhutu, yavukiye mu Bugarama, ariko mu wa 1994 yari umunyeshuri muri kaminuza ahandi hantu. Yazaga mu Bugarama mu biruhuko401. Hagati yUkwakira 1993 nitariki ya 6 Mata 1994, yagiye mu Bugarama inshuro nyinshi, kandi yagumye mu Bugarama mu kwezi kwa Mata 1994 kose402. Munyakazi yari umwe mu baturanyi babo wa hafi. Uyu mutangabuhamya ntiyigeze
394
Ikimenyetso gihamya cyUbwunganizi cyahawe n 12 (inyandiko yumwirondoro); Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 1 Nzeri 2009, imp. 35, 37. 395 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 1 Nzeri 2009, urup. 40. 396 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 1 Nzeri 2009, urup. 40. 397 Ikimenyetso gihamya cyUbwunganizi cyahawe n 24 (inyandiko yumwirondoro); Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Nzeri 1994, imp. 35, 37 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 398 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Nzeri 2009, imp. 31 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 399 Inyandikomvugo yiburnisha, 14 Nzeri 2009, imp. 39-40. 400 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Nzeri 2009, urup. 39. 401 Ikimenyetso gihamya cyUbwunganizi cyahawe n 24 (ifishi yumwirondoto); Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 10 Nzeri, imp. 1, 3, 21-22. 402 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 10 Nzeri 2009, imp. 3 (iburanisha mu muhezo), 10. 72 CI10-0010K
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yumva bavuga ko Munyakazi yari afite ububiko bwintwaro mu nzu ye iyo ari yo yose403. Umutangabuhamya ushinjura wiswe YMC 192. Umutangabuhamya wiswe YMC ni Umuhutu, mu wa 1994 yari umucuruzi muri Selire ya Misufi mu Bugarama404. Avuga ko yahuye na Munyakazi bwa mbere mu wa 1985, kandi yacururizaga hafi yaho Munyakazi yacururizaga405. Munyakazi yasengeraga muri imwe mu nzu ze yari hafi yurugo rwuyu mutangabuhamya kandi ni naho yakiriraga abashyitsi406. Nubwo YMC yabaga yikorera imirimo ye, ariko yashoboraga kubona Munyakazi ari iwe407. Ntiyigeze abona intwaro cyangwa ngo yumve bavuga ko hari intwaro zari zibitse muri imwe mu mazu ya Munyakazi mbere yitariki ya 6 Mata 1994. Ntiyigeze abona Munyakazi yitwaje intwaro. Uyu mutangabuhamya yagumye mu Bugarama na nyuma yitariki ya 6 Mata 1994408. Umutangabuhamya ushinjura wiswe MYA 193. Umutangabuhamya wiswe MYA ni Umuhutu, yari umujandarume mu itsinda ryoherejwe gukorera mu Bugarama kuva hagati mu kwezi kwa Werurwe 1994 kugeza ku itariki ya 9 Mata 1994, ubwo yasubizwaga muri Jandarumori nkuru yi Cyangugu409. Inshingano ze mu Bugarama zari izo kurinda umutekano wabantu nibikorwa remezo. Abajandarume bakoreraga ku ruganda rwa CIMERWA, ariko uyu mutangabuhamya yajyaga akora kenshi amarondo muri Cit Bugarama no hafi yayo410. 194. Abajandarume bo mu Bugarama bari bafite imbunda zo mu bwoko bwa FAL na mitarayeze imwe yari ishinze ku gasozi kugira ngo ibe yakoreshwa mu kurinda umujyi wa Bugarama. Abaliyetona bari bafite za masotera. Mu wa 1993, ntabwo
403 404
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 10 Nzeri 2009, urup. 9. Ikimenyetso gihamya cyUbwunganizi cyahawe n 22 (inyandiko yumwirondoro); Inyandikomvugo yiburasha, 14 Nzeri 2009, imp. 1-2, 3 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 405 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Nzeri 2009, urup. 3 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 406 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Nzeri 2009, urup. 6. 407 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Nzeri 2009, urup. 11. 408 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Nzeri 2009, imp. 10, 15. 409 Ikimenyetso gihamya cyUbwunganizi cyahawe n 25 (inyandiko yumwirondoro); Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 15 Nzeri 2009, imp. 4, 5, 12. 410 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 15 Nzeri 2009, urup. 6. 73 CI10-0010K
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abajandarume bigeze bumva ko hari imbunda zari mu maboko yabaturage babasivili bo mu Bugarama. Ntibigeze basabwa kujya gusaka imbunda mu basivili411. Uyu mutangabuhamya ntiyigeze yumva bavuga ko Munyakazi yari atunze imbunda cyangwa se ko yari abitse imbunda iwe. Imbunda zonyine uyu mutangabuhamya yari azi ni izari zibitse muri Jandarumori412. Amaze kuva mu Bugarama ntiyongeye kumenya ibyahabereye413.
Umutangabuhamya ushinjura wiswe ELB 195. Umutangabuhamya wiswe ELB ni Umuhutu, akaba yarinjiye mu mutwe wInterahamwe zo mu Bugarama, muri Bugarama, muri Gashyantare 1993. Mu gihe kivugwa mu Nyandiko yibirego, yari Visi-Perezida wInterahamwe mu rwego rwa Komine, naho Athanase Ndutiye, bitaga Tarek Aziz, ari Perezida wazo414. 196. Mbere yitariki ya 6 Mata 1994, Interahamwe ntizari zifite imbunda. Munyakazi ntiyari umusirikare kandi nta mbunda yari abitse mu nzu ye. Inzu ye yari hafi ya Jandarumori, bityo akaba atarashoboraga kubika intwaro iwe415. 197. Mbere yitariki ya 6 Mata 1994, uyu mutangabuhamya ntiyigeze abona Tarek Aziz afite imbunda. Ariko ku itariki ya 7 Mata 1994, ahagana saa mbiri za mu gitondo, ni bwo bwa mbere yamubonye yitwaje imbunda416. Uwo munsi Tarek Aziz yari imbere ya Jandarumori yambaye ishati ya gisirikare. Tarek Aziz yabwiye ELB ko inshuti ye yumujandarume, yitwa Enoch, ari yo yari yamuhaye iyo shati, imbunda yo mu bwoko bwa Kalashnikov na gerenade ebyiri417.
411 412
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 15 Nzeri 209, urup. 7. Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 15 Nzeri 2009, urup. 7. 413 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 15 Nzeri 2009, urup. 13. 414 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 17 Nzeri 2009, urup. 2. 415 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 17 Nzeri 2009, urup. 7. 416 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 17 Nzeri 2009, urup. 8. 417 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 17 Nzeri 2009, urup. 9. 74 CI10-0010K
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Isesengura ryUrugereko 198. Ubwunganizi ntibwemera ikirego cya Porokireri kiri mu gika cya 9 cyInyandiko yibirego, kivuga ko Munyakazi yabitse intwaro mu nzu ye akanaziha Interahamwe zo mu Bugarama, cyangwa ko yakoze kimwe muri ibyo bikorwa byombi. Kubika intwaro 199. Umutangabuhamya wiswe BWW, akaba yari icyitso cyuregwa, ni we wenyine ushinja Munyakazi ko yabitse intwaro mu nzu ye. Nkuko byavuzwe mbere, Urugereko ntirushira amakenga ubuhamya bwuyu mugabo (reba Umutwe wa II.3). Yavuze ko mu Bugarama hari Interahamwe zirenga 2000, kandi ko zakoreshaga intwaro zari zibitse kwa Munyakazi. Urugereko rusanga uyu mutangabuhamya akunda gukabya ibintu bijyanye nimibare muri rusange, ku buryo ashobora kuba yarakabije umubare wInterahamwe zari mu Bugarama. Ikindi kandi, uyu mutangabuhamya ntiyatanze amatariki izo ntwaro zabikiweho cyangwa ngo avuge aho Munyakazi yari yazikuye, nubwo yavuze ko Interahamwe zo mu Bugarama zatangiye kwitoza zikoresheje imbunda muri Werurwe 1994. 200. Urugereko rusanze nta wundi mutangabuhamya washyigikiye ubu buhamya bwerekeranye nibikwa ryintwaro kwa Munyakazi. Ahubwo, umutangabuhamya ushinja wiswe BWX wakoreraga hafi yo kwa Munyakazi mu Misufi, kandi washoboraga kuba yarabonye ibyahaberaga, yavuze ko atazi aho Interahamwe zabikaga intwaro zazo. Kubera ahantu BWX yakoreraga, Urugereko rusanga yarashoboraga kubona Interahamwe zinjira nta ntwaro zifite, noneho zigasohoka zizifite. Bityo rero, ubuhamya bwa BWX butuma umuntu ashidikanya ku bwa BWW. 201. Kubera ko nta bindi bimenyetso byatanzwe byo gushyigikira ubuhamya bwa BWW, Urugereko rusanze ibimenyetso bya Porokireri kuri iki kirego bidahagije, bityo rukaba rutari bwirirwe rusesengura ibimenyetso byUbwunganizi birebana na cyo.
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Guha intwaro Interahamwe zo mu Bugarama 202. Umutangabuhamya wiswe BWX yavuze ko yaketse ko Interahamwe zo mu Bugarama zahawe intwaro igihe Andr Ntagerura na Callixte Nzabonimana basuraga Bugarama mu wa 1993. Yemeje ko icyo gihe yagiye mu nama Ntagerura yayoboye yungirijwe na Munyakazi. Nyuma yiyo nama, uyu mutangabuhamya yatangiye kubona Interahamwe zitoza nimbunda418. 203. Urugereko rusanze ubuhamya bwa BWX buvuga ko intwaro zaje mu Bugarama nyuma yuko bariya bagabo bahaje, bushingiye ku bintu byo gushakisha gusa. Yavuze ko iyo nama yabaye mu wa 1993, nyamara BWW, wari mu mutwe wInterahamwe zo mu Bugarama, yavuze ko Interahamwe zitari zifite intwaro mbere ya Werurwe 1994. Nta wundi mutangabuhamya wavuze kuri urwo ruzinduko rukomeye rwabo bategetsi mu Bugarama. Abatangabuhamya bashinjura biswe NRB na YMS ahubwo bo bavuze ko urwo ruzinduko rutigeze rubaho, bitewe nuko nta kajugujugu yashoboraga kugwa muri ako gace ngo babure kubimenya. 204. Umutangabuhamya wiswe BWW yavuze ko Interahamwe zahawe intwaro nabajandarume nabasirikare, ariko ntiyasobanuye igihe izo ntwaro zatangiwe. Ubuhamya bwa BWW ku bijyanye naho intwaro zaturutse bwashyigikiwe kuri bimwe nubwa ELB na we wari mu mutwe wInterahamwe zo mu Bugarama muri icyo gihe. ELB yasobanuye ko Tarek Aziz yamubwiye ko imbunda namagerenade yabikuye muri Jandarumori yo mu Bugarama ku itariki ya 7 Mata 1994419. Ibivugwa numutangabuhamya ushinja wiswe BWR, byumwihariko ku birebana nigihe yaboneyeho Interahamwe zitwaje intwaro, ntibisobanutse neza, bityo ntacyo byafashaho Urugereko mu isesengura ryarwo. 205. Nubwo BWW na ELB bombi ari abatangabuhamya bibyitso byuregwa, Urugereko rusanga ari bo bashoboraga kumenya aho intwaro bakoreshaga zaturukaga, nyamara ariko nta numwe muri bo wavuze ko zaturukaga kwa Munyakazi. Urugereko rusanze
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 24 Mata 2009, urup. 21; Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 27 Mata 2009, imp. 27, 32. 419 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 17 Nzeri 2009, imp. 8-9. 76 CI10-0010K
418
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ibimenyetso byatanzwe bidatuma rushobora kumenya aho intwaro zakoreshwaga nInterahamwe zo mu Bugarama zabaga zaturutse. 206. Umutangabuhamya wiswe BWU yavuze ko Munyakazi yageze kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi ku itariki ya 29 Mata 1994, hamwe nimodoka za Daihatsu ebyiri zari zipakiyemo intwaro. Yongeyeho ko Munyakazi ari we wari uyoboye Interahamwe zo mu Bugarama muri icyo gitero. Nkuko byavuzwe haruguru (Umutwe wa II.3), BWU ni umutangabuhamya wicyitso, bityo Urugereko rukaba ubuhamya bwe rutabushira amakenga. Urugereko ntirushobora gushingira ku gikorwa cyo kuba Munyakazi yaratwaye imbunda azijyana kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi, ngo rwemeze ko ari we wazikwirakwizaga mu bantu. 207. Kubera ko ibivugwa na BWX ku bijyanye naho intwaro Interahamwe zo mu Bugarama zakoreshaga zaturutse ari ibintu byo gushakisha gusa, kubera kandi ko ubuhamya bwa BWU, umutangabuhamya wicyitso cyuregwa, budafite ubundi bubushyigikira, Urugereko rusanze Porokireri ataragaragaje ku buryo budashidikanywaho ko Munyakazi yahaye Interahamwe zo mu Bugarama intwaro.
Umwanzuro wUrugereko 208. Urugereko rusanze Porokireri ataragaragaje ku buryo budashidikanywaho ko, hagati ya Mutarama na Nyakanga 1994, Munyakazi yahaye Interahamwe zo mu Bugarama intwaro cyangwa se ko yabitse intwaro mu nzu ye iyo ari yo yose. 6. KUGABURIRA ABANTU NO KUBATWARA MU MODOKA 209. Igika cya 10 cyInyandiko yibirego kivuga ibi bikurikira:
Hagati ya Mutarama na Nyakanga 1994, Yussuf Munyakazi, abiziranyeho na Zacharie bahimba Mariyo, Marcel Sebatware, Casimir Ndorimana, Thomas Mugunda, Ngarukiye na Elias Bakundukuze, yahaye Interahamwe zo mu Bugarama ibiribwa, azitwara cyangwa azikura ahantu hatandukanye havugwa muri iyi nyandiko yibirego hakorewe ubwicanyi, cyangwa azorohereza kujyayo cyangwa kuvayo.
210.
Ubwunganizi buhakana ibi birego bwifashishije abatangabuhamya ELB, NKM na Albert Lavie. Bunavuga ko Munyakazi atigeze agendana nabajandarume, abantu
77
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bavuye mu gisirikare, Interahamwe cyangwa abasirikare, ko nta biryo byo kugaburira abo bantu byatekewe mu mazu ye, kandi ko nta bantu nkabo bigeze bateranira mu nzu ye iyo ari yo yose420.
Umutangabuhammya ushinja wiswe BWX 211. Umutangabuhamya wiswe BWX ni Umuhutu, mu wa 1994 yakoreraga hafi yo kwa Munyakazi muri Selire ya Misufi, Segiteri ya Bugarama, bityo yashoboraga kubona kenshi ibyaberaga aho hantu421. Uyu mutangabuhamya avuga ko Munyakazi yabaga aho iwe422. 212. Uyu mutangabuhamya yabonaga kenshi Interahamwe zitekera kandi zirira kwa Munyakazi, ariko ntiyari azi uwabaga yaguze ibyo guteka423. Ari aho yakoreraga, uyu mutangabuhamya yabonaga Interahamwe zitekera mu gikari kwa Munyakazi424. Interahamwe zigera kuri eshanu zatekeraga kwa Munyakazi. Iyo zamaraga guhisha, zagemuraga ibiryo ahantu hose Interahamwe zabaga zashinze ibirindiro. Abatekaga babaga kwa Munyakazi, ariko Interahamwe zitakomokaga mu Bugarama zazaga gusangira nizo zabaga zitekera mu gikari425. 213. Munyakazi yari Perezida wInterahamwe. Interahamwe zahuriraga kwa Munyakazi mbere yo kujya gukora amarorerwa426. Uyu mutangabuhamya yamenye ibi kubera ko Interahamwe zagarukaga zigamba ibyo zivuye gukora427. Mu minsi no mu byumweru byakurikiye urupfu rwa Perezida Habyarimana, Interahamwe zagendaga mu mamodoka zijya i Mibilizi, i Shangi nahandi gukora amarorerwa428.
Imyanzuro nsozarubanza yUbwunganizi, ibika 5-13. Ikimenyetso gihamya cya Porokireri cyahawe n 6 (inyandiko yumwirondoro); Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 24 Mata 2009 (iburanisha mu muhezo), urup. 12; Inyandimkomvugo yiburanisha, 27 Mata 2009, urup. 35 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 422 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 27Mata 2009, imp. 34-35, 38 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 423 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 24 Mata 2009, urup. 20. 424 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 27 Mata 2009, imp. 35-36 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 425 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 27 Mata 2009, imp. 37, 39 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 426 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 24 Mata 2009, urup. 16; Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, urup. 38 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 427 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 24 Mata 2009, imp. 18, 22-24. 428 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 24 Mata 2009, urup. 23. 78 CI10-0010K
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214.
Umutangabuhamya wiswe BWW ni Umuhutu, akaba yari mu mutwe wInterahamwe zo mu Bugarama mu wa 1994. Yaraburanishijwe maze ahamwa nicyaha cyo kuba yarakoze jenoside mu wa 1994429. Nkuko uyu mutangabuhamya abivuga, Munyakazi yabaga muri Selire ya Misufi, muri Segiteri ya Bugarama430.
215.
Uyu mutangabuhamya yamenye umudamu wa Munyakazi witwa Rukiya, kubera ko mu nzu ye ari ho Interahamwe zariraga. Ntizariraga mu mazu yandi ya Munyakazi. Zariraga kwa Rukiya kubera ko ari ho hari igikari, kandi ni naho zateraniraga zivuye gukora ubwicanyi. Iyo nzu yari hafi yibiro bya gasutamo431. Byumwihariko, Interahamwe zo mu Bugarama zaririye kwa Rukiya zivuye gukora ubwicanyi kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi niya Mibilizi432.
216.
Uyu mutangabuhamya yavuze ko Munyakazi yari afite imodoka za Daihatsu ebyiri, imwe yubururu nindi yumweru433. Agereranyije, avuga ko muri Mata 1994 Interahamwe zigera ku 120 zagabye igitero kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi ziri muri izo modoka ebyiri434. Nyuma yicyo gitero, Interahamwe zasubiye mu modoka zari zagiyemo maze zijya kwa Munyakazi aba ari ho zirira435. Na none muri Mata 1994, Interahamwe zirenze 120 zitwaje intwaro zagabye igitero kuri Paruwasi ya Mibilizi ziri muri izo modoka ebyiri za Munyakazi436.
429
Ikimenyetso gihamya cya Porokireri cyahawe n 12 (inyandiko yumwirondoro); Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 29 Gicurasi 2009, imp. 6-7 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 430 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, urup. 8 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 431 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 29 Gicurasi 2009, imp. 10, 19, 28 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 432 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 27 Gicurasi 2009, imp. 28-29. 433 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 29 Gicurasi 2009, urup. 11 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 434 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 29 Gicurasi 2009, urup. 18 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 435 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 29 Gicurasi 2009, imp. 18-19 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 436 Inyandikimvugo yiburanisha, 29 Gicurasi 2009, imp. 20-21 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 79 CI10-0010K
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Umutangabuhamya ushinja wiswe BWQ 217. Umutangabuhamya wiswe BWQ ni Umututsi, akaba yarabaga muri Segiteri ya Shangi muri Mata 1994. Yari umuhinzi, kandi yari numuyoboke wishyaka rya MRND437. Uyu mutangabuhamya nabagize umuryago we bahungiye kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi ku itariki ya 7 Mata 1994 cyangwa hafi yayo438. Ku itariki ya 29 Mata 1994, nyuma ya saa sita hagati ya saa cyenda na saa kumi, Munyakazi yagiye kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi ari mu ikamyoneti ya Daihatsu ari kumwe nabantu bagera kuri batatu cyangwa bane439. Muri iyo Daihatsu harimo abagabye igitero bagera kuri 40440.
Umutangabuhamya ushinja wiswe BWU 218. Umutangabuhamya wiswe BWU ni Umuhutu, akaba yari umuhinzi mu wa 1994441. Ku itariki ya 29 Mata 1994, Munyakazi yanyuze kuri bariyeri yerekeza kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi, hari nko mu masaa cyenda yamanywa. Munyakazi na Visi-Perezida we bazanye na Daihatsu ebyiri zuzuye intwaro nInterahamwe zigera kuri 50 cyangwa 60. Munyakazi yari muri Daihatsu ya mbere yari ifite ibara ryicyatsi kibisi. VisiPerezida wa Munyakazi nirindi tsinda rya kabiri ryInterahamwe bari muri Daihatsu ya kabiri yari ifite ibara ryikigina. Uyu mutangabuhamya ntiyabonye Munyakazi atwaye imwe muri izo modoka, kandi ntiyamenye nyirazo442. 219. Umutangabuhamya BWU yari kuri bariyeri igihe Munyakzi yahageraga ayoboza inzira ijya kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi. Uyu mutangabuhamya yamweretse inzira kandi yajyanye nabari bagabye igitero. Imodoka zahavuye zigenda buhoro cyane, bamwe mu bari bagabye igitero bazigenda inyuma bagana kuri paruwasi443.
437
Ikimenyetso gihamya cya Porokireri cyahawe n 1 (inyandiko yumwirondoro); Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 22 Mata 2009, imp. 10, 18-19 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 438 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 29 Gicurasi 2009, imp. 12, 21. 439 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 22 Mata 2009, urup. 13. 440 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 22 Mata 2009, Imp. 14, 28-29. 441 Ikimenyetso gihamya cyUbwunganizi cyahawe n 13 (inyandiko yumwirondoro); Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 4 Kamena 2009, urup. 2. 442 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 4 Kamena 2009, imp. 9, 27-28. 443 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 4 Kamena 2009, imp. 6-7, 32. 80 CI10-0010K
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220.
Barangije igitero cyo kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi, umugabo witwa Gatamobwa wari umuyobozi wishyaka rya CDR, yahaye amafaranga Visi-Perezida wa Munyakazi kugira ngo asengerere abagabye igitero batashye444. Umutangabuhamya ushinja wiswe MP
221.
Umutangabuhamya wiswe MP ni Umuhutu, akaba yari kuri Paruwasi ya Mibilizi igihe hagabwaga igitero ku itariki ya 30 Mata 1994445. Munyakazi yageze kuri paruwasi hagati ya saa kumi na saa kumi nimwe zigicamunsi, ari kumwe nagatsiko kInterahamwe muri Daihatsu ebyiri. Kubera ubwoba, uyu mutangabuhamya yahungiye ku bajandarume. Anyujije amaso mu kadirishya gato kari mu biro byabajandarume, uyu mutangabuhamya yashoboye kubona imodoka ziza. Zahagaze nko muri metero 200 zaho umutangabuhamya yari ari446. Umutangabuhamya ushinja wiswe MM
222.
Umutangabuhamya wiswe MM ni Umututsi, akaba yari kuri Paruwasi ya Mibilizi igihe hagabwaga igitero ku itariki ya 30 Mata 1994447. Icyo gitero cyari kiyobowe na Munyakazi wazanye nInterahamwe nyinshi, zari ziturutse mu Bugarama muri kamyoneti ebyiri za Daihatsu448.
223.
Asubiza ibibazo binyomoza, umutangabuhamya yasobanuye ko atabonye izo modoka uwo munsi, ahubwo ko ari undi muntu wamubwiriye kuri telefoni ko abagabye igitero bari baje mu modoka ebyiri. Kubera ko uyu mutangabuhamya yari yabwiwe ko izo modoka zari zuzuye, yatekereje ko zagombaga kuba zirimo abagabye igitero bari hagati ya 80 na 100. Ikindi kandi, uyu mutangabuhamya yavuze ko atabonye Munyakazi uwo munsi, ko ahubwo wa muntu wari watelefonnye aburira ko igitero kije, ari we wamubwiye ko uwari ukiyoboye yari Munyakazi, kandi nabajandarume
444 445
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 4 Kamena 2009, imp. 8-9. Ikimenyetso gihamya cya Porokireri cyahawe n 7 (inyandiko yumwirondoro); Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 27 Mata 2009, imp. 43-44. 446 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 27 Mata 2009, urup. 46. 447 Ikimenyetso gihamya cya Porokireri cyahawe n 9 (inyandiko yumwirondoro); Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 27 Mata 2009, imp. 58-59 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 448 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 27 Mata 2009, urup. 61. 81 CI10-0010K
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Umutangabuhamya ushinja wiswe LCQ 224. Umutangabuhamya wiswe LCQ ni Umututsi, akaba yarahungiye kuri Paruwasi ya Mibilizi ku itariki ya 8 Mata 1994 cyangwa hafi yayo, ari kumwe numugore we nabaturanyi bagera kuri 20450. Ku itariki ya 30 Mata 1994, yabonye imodoka ebyiri zizana abagabye igitero kuri paruwasi451. Muri izo Nterahamwe, uyu mutangabuhamya yashoboye kumenyamo Munyakazi na Visi-Perezida we452. Munyakazi ni we wari uyoboye abari mu gitero, banakoreye umutangabuhamya ibikorwa byurugomo453.
Umutangabuhamya ushinja witwa Esidras Musengayire 225. Umutangabuhamya Esidras Musengayire ni Umututsi454, Munyakazi akaba yari yaramugize nkumwana we akiri muto. Uyu mutangabuhamya yavuye kwa Munyakazi agiye kurongora, imyaka igera ku icumi mbere yuko jenoside iba455. Igihe kimwe muri za 90, mbere ya jenoside, Leta yu Rwanda yahaye Munyakazi indishyi yigice cyisambu ye yari yimuwemo kubera ibikorwa bifitiye igihugu akamaro, noneho Munyakazi ayo mafaranga ayaguramo ikamyoneti ya Daihatsu ifite ibara ryubururu. Munyakazi kandi yari afite imodoka ya Hilux double cabine, ariko umutangabuhamya ntiyavuze ibara ryayo456. 226. Uyu mutangabuhamya yatangiye kubona Interahamwe ahagana mu wa 1993. Hari igihe Interahamwe zagendaga mu modoka ya Komine, ubundi zigakoresha imodoka
449 450
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 28 Mata 2009, urup. 9. Ikimenyetso gihamya cya Porokireri cyahawe n 11 (inyandiko yumwirondoro); Inyandikomvugoyiburanisha, 28 Mata 2009, imp. 15-16. 451 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 28 Mata 2009, imp. 20-21. 452 Inyandikomnvugo yiburanisha, 28 Mata 2009, urup. 27. 453 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 28 Mata 2009, urup. 34. 454 Ikimenyetso gihamya cya Porokireri cyahawe n 5 (inyandiko yumwirondoro); Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 23 Mata 2009, urup. 48. 455 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 23 Mata 2009, urup. 2. 456 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 27 Mata 2009, imp. 18-19. 82 CI10-0010K
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zumushinga wa Leta wo guhinga umuceri. Muri icyo gihe, ni ukuvuga mu wa 1993, Munyakazi nta modoka yari atunze457.
Yussuf Munyakazi 227. Mu wa 1994 Munyakazi yari afite amazu ane nimodoka eshatu458. Yari afite nimodoka ya Hilux double cabine ishaje yari yaraguze mu wa 1990 kandi mu wa 1994 yari akiyitunze459. Ariko mu wa 1994 iyo modoka ntiyari igikora. Ni yo mpamvu yaguze ikamyoneti ya Daihatsu nimodoka ya Suzuki, kandi mu wa 1994 zose zaragendaga460. Izo modoka zindi uko ari ebyiri yaziguze mu wa 1993, mu mafaranga yishyuwe na Leta kubera igice cyisambu ye yari yamwimuyemo ishaka kuhakorera ibikorwa bifitiye igihugu akamaro461. Muri Mata 1994, izo modoka ntizigeze ziva mu Bugarama462. Umuhungu wimfura wa Munyakazi, Zacharie Mariyo, yigiraga gutwara imodoka kuri Daihatsu ya se463. 228. Hagati yitariki ya 7 Mata 1994 na Nyakanga 1994, Munyakazi ntiyari umuyobozi wInterahamwe zo mu Bugarama kandi ntiyigeze atumiza inama nimwe yInterahamwe464. Nta nzu ye nimwe Interahamwe zakoreyemo inama, kandi nta na rimwe mu gihe icyo ari cyo cyose Interahamwe zakoreye mu nzu ye iyo ari yo yose465. Nta mugore we wigeze atekera Interahamwe466. 229. Inzu ya Mama Safi, umwe mu bagore ba Munyakazi, yari ifite igikari. Aho mu gikari ni ho abagore batekeraga467. Ubwo umutangabuhamya ushinjura witwa Albert Lavie yahungishirizaga abantu kwa Munyakazi, izo mpunzi zabaga kwa Mama Safi468.
457 458
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 24 Mata 2009, imp. 2-3, 7. Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha , 15 Ukwakira 2009, urup. 13. 459 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Ukwakira 2009, urup. 10. 460 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Ukwakira 2009, urup. 51. 461 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Ukwakira 2009, urup. 10; Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 15 Ukwakira 2009, urup. 13. 462 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisa, 14 Ukwakira 2009, urup. 51. 463 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 15 Ukwakira 2009, urup. 13. 464 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Ukwakira 2009, urup. 43. 465 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Ukwakira 2009, urup. 44. 466 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Ukwakira 2009, urup. 43. 467 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 15 Ukwakira 2009, urup. 48. 468 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 15 Ukwakira 2009, imp. 48-49. 83 CI10-0010K
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Impunzi zabana nabagore zabaga kwa Mama Safi. Nta mpunzi nimwe yabaga kwa Munyakazi ku isoko469. 230. Munyakazi yatandukanye na Mama Rukiya mu wa 1987, bityo mu wa 1994 ntacyo bari bagihuriyeho470.
231.
Umutangabuhamya wiswe NKM ni Umuhutu. Muri Mata 1994, yari afite umwanya mu buyobozi bwishyaka PDI mu rwego rwa Komine ya Bugarama, kandi yari umukozi wa banki471. Yajyaga abonana na Munyakazi wari umukiriya usanzwe wiyo banki472. Munyakazi yari atunze imodoka yo mu bwoko bwa Hilux yatwarwaga numugabo witwa Zacharie, kandi yayikoreshaga mu byubuhinzi. Ntiyigeze abona Munyakazi muri iyo modoka nyuma yitariki ya 6 Mata 1994, kandi nta nubwo yabonye insoresore ziyigenderamo ziva kwa Munyakazi473. Munyakazi yari afite abagore babiri, umwe yitwaga Mama Safi undi yitwaga Rukiya. Irindi zina bitaga Rukiya ni Mama Zainabu474.
Umutangabuhamya ushinjura witwa Albert Lavie 232. Umutangabuhamya witwa Albert Lavie ni Umuhutu, akaba yarabaga muri Komine ya Nyarugenge mu wa 1994475. Yari umupolisi wa Komine mu mujyi wa Kigali, kandi yari ashinzwe umutekano wa Konseye wa Segiteri ya Biryogo, ari we Amuri Karekezi, nabagize umuryango we476. Ahagana mu mpera za Gicurasi cyangwa mu
469 470
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 15 Ukwakira 2009, urup. 49. Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Ukwakira 2009, urup. 43. 471 Ikimenyetso gihamya cyUbwunganizi cyahawe n6 (inyandiko yumwirondoro); Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 31 Kanama 2009, imp. 7-8 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 472 Inyandikomvugo, 31 Kanama 2009, imp. 8-9. 473 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 31 Kanama 2009, urup. 32. 474 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 31 Kanama 2009, uurp. 20. 475 Ikimenyetso gihamya cyUbwunganizi cyahawe n 9 (inyandiko yumwirondoro); Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 1 Nzeri 2009, imp. 1-2. 476 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 1 Nzeri 2009, urup. 3. 84 CI10-0010K
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ntangiriro za Kamena 1994, yahungishirije abagize umuryango wa Karekezi kwa Munyakazi477. 233. Umutangabuhamya numushoferi bamaze kwa Munyakazi nkamasaha ane, kandi muri icyo gihe barabagaburiye478. Umutangabuhamya ntiyabonye hari ibyo kurya biva muri urwo rugo. Ntiyabonye insoresore zinjira mu gipangu kwa Munyakazi cyangwa zigisohokamo479.
Umutangabuhamya ushinjura wiswe NDB 234. Umutangabuhamya wiswe NDB ni Umuhutu, yabaga mu Bugarama kandi muri Mata 1994 yari umuhinzi480. Kuva iwe ujya kwa Munyakazi hari intera igera kuri metero 500481. Ntiyigeze abona Munyakazi ari kumwe nInterahamwe kandi ntiyibwira ko Munyakazi yaba yarazigaburiye ku bushake bwe482. Umutangabuhamya ushinjura wiswe AMB 235. Umutangabuhamya wiswe AMB ni Umuhutu, akaba yari umunyeshuri hanze ya Bugarama mu wa 1994483. Hagati yUkwakira 1993 nitariki ya 6 Mata 1994, yasubiye iwabo mu Bugarama inshuro nyinshi484. Abagore babiri ba Munyakazi, Mama Safi na Mama Zainabu, bombi babaga hafi yiwabo wa AMB485. Munyakazi yari afite imodoka ebyiri zishaje, imwe ari Suzuki indi ari Daihatsu. Umutangabuhamya ntiyigeze abona urubyiruko rwa MRND rukoresha izo modoka, nta nuwo yigeze abyumvana486.
477 478
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 1 Nzeri 2009, imp. 4-5. Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 1 Nzeri 2009, urup. 6. 479 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 1 Nzeri 2009, imp. 6-7. 480 Ikimenyetso gihamya cyUbwunganizi cyahawe n 10 (ifishi yumwirondoro); Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 1 Nzeri 2009, urup. 12 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 481 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 1 Nzeri 2009, urup. Imp. 12, 19. 482 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 1 Nzeri 2009, urup. 15. 483 Ikimenyetso gihamya cyUbwunganizi cyahawe n 21 (inyandiko yumwirondoro); Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 10 Nzeri 2009, urup. 12 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 484 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 10 Nzeri 2009, urup. 3 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 485 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 10 Nzeri 2009, urup. 9. 486 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 10 Nzeri 2009, urup. 10. 85 CI10-0010K
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236.
Muri Mata 1994, uyu mutangabuhamya yari mu Bugarama. Ntiyigeze abona udutsiko twinsoresore dukoranira kwa Munyakazi487. Ntiyigeze abona Munyakazi ari kumwe na Tarek Aziz cyangwa se abantu bo kumurindira umutekano. Ntiyari azi niba imodoka za Munyakazi zarakoreshwaga mu gutwara insoresore zo mu Bugarama488. Umutangabuhamya ushinjura wiswe YMC
237.
Umutangabuhamya wiswe YMC ni Umuhutu, akaba yari umucuruzi muri Selire ya Misufi, mu Bugarama, muri Mata 1994489.
238.
Munyakazi
yari
afite
inzu
yabagamo,
akayakiriramo
abashyitsi
kandi
akanayisengeramo. Ariko yari atunze andi mazu atatu. Intera yari hagati yinzu ya YMC niya Munyakazi yasengeragamo ni nka metero 50490. 239. Munyakazi yari atunze imodoka eshatu muri Mata 1994 : ijipe ya Suzuki, Hilux double cabine, nikamyoneti Daihatsu. Iyo kamyoneti Daihatsu yahoze ari iyumutangabuhamya hanyuma ayigurisha Munyakazi491, ariko ntiyigeze abona Munyakazi ayitwaye492. Ku itariki ya 15 Mata 1994 cyangwa hafi yayo, Munyakazi yatiye uyu mutangabuhamya imodoka ye kugira ngo ashobore gufasha abantu bo mu miryango imwe nimwe493. 240. Muri Mata 1994, YMC nta modoka nimwe ya Munyakazi yabonye itwaye insoresore za MRND. Imodoka yikamyoneti yari ishaje cyane ku buryo yapakiraga umuceri gusa, nta kintu kiremereye kurushaho yashoboraga gutwara494. Uyu mutangabuhamya ntiyigeze abona insoresore zikoranira kwa Munyakazi ngo zihategurire ingendo zazo. Nubwo uyu mutangabuhamya yabaga ahugiye mu mirimo ye, yabonaga Munyakazi
487 488
Inyamdiomvugo yiburanisha, 10 Nzeri 2009, urup. 10. Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 10 Nzeri 2009, urup. 11. 489 Ikimenyetso gihamya cyUbwunganizi cyahawe n 22 (inyandiko yumwirondoro); Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Nzeri 2009, urup. 3 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 490 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Nzeri 2009, imp. 4, 6 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 491 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Nzeri 2009, imp. 8-9, 11. 492 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Nzeri 2009, urup. 15. 493 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Nzeri 2009, urup. 12. 494 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Nzeri 2009, urup. 9. 86 CI10-0010K
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hafi aho495. Muri icyo gihe, umutangabuhamya ntiyigeze abona insoresore ziteranira mu nzu iyo ari yo yose yumugore wa Munyakazi cyangwa se ziharira496.
Umutangabuhamya ushinjura wiswe YMS 241. Umutangabuhamya wiswe YMS ni Umuhutu, muri Mata 1994 akaba yari atuye muri Segiteri ya Bugarama, muri Komine ya Bugarama. Yari umucuruzi kandi yari atuye nko muri metero 150 uvuye aho yacururizaga497. Mu nzu ya Munyakazi nta cyumba cyarimo cyashoboraga gukoreshwa mu gutekera abantu benshi. Ntiyigeze abona Interahamwe zitekera kwa Munyakazi498. 242. Ntiyigeze abona imodoka za Munyakazi zijyana cyangwa zivana insoresore muri za mitingi499. 243. Mu wa 1994, Munyakazi nta mugore yari afite witwa Rukiya500. Yumvise abantu bavuga ko umugore witwa Mama Rukia yari yarigeze kuba umugore wa Munyakazi, ko ariko yatandukanye na Munyakazi akarongorwa nundi mugabo, mbere yuko uyu mutangabuhamya amenyana na Munyakazi mu wa 1975. Umugore wa Munyakazi wa kabiri, wabaga muri imwe mu nzu za Munyakazi hagati ya 1993 nitariki ya 6 Mata 1994, yitwa Mama Zainabu501. Umutangabuhamya ushinjura wiswe ELB 244. Umutangabuhamya wiswe ELB ni Umuhutu, akaba yarinjiye mu mutwe wInterahamwe zo mu Bugarama muri Gashyantare 1993. Muri Mata 1994, yari VisiPerezida mu rwego rwa Komine, naho Tarek Aziz akaba Perezida502.
495 496
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 15 Nzeri 2009, imp. 11-12. Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Nzeri 2009, urup. 11. 497 Ikimenyetso gihamya cyUbwunganizi cyahawe n 24 (inyandiko yumwirondoro) ; Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Nzeri 2009, imp. 30-31, imp. 30-31, 33 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 498 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Nzeri 2009, urup. 41. 499 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Nzeri 2009, urup. 37. 500 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Nzeri 2009, urup. 35. 501 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Nzeri 2009, imp. 35-36. 502 Ikimenyetso gihamya cyUbwunganizi cyahawe n 27 (inyandiko yumwirondoro); Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 17 Nzeri 2009, imp. 1-2. 87 CI10-0010K
5 Nyakanga 2010
245.
Mbere ya Mata 1994, Munyakazi yari afite imodoka ya Hilux ishaje ku buryo itagendaga. Yari atunze indi modoka yari yaraguzwe nabagore be bombi, Mama Safi na Mama Rukiya, ariko yo yari yanditswe kuri Zacharie. Nkuko uyu mutangabuhamya abivuga, imodoka za Munyakazi ntizigeze zikoreshwa nInterahamwe zo mu Bugarama kujya muri za mitingi, kubera ko iyo habaga mitingi, Interahamwe zajyagayo ku maguru ziririmba503.
246.
Uyu mutangabuhamya ntiyigeze arira kwa Munyakazi cyangwa se kuri umwe mu bagore be504. Nta na rimwe, hagati yitariki ya 7 Mata niya 30 Mata 1994, yabonye Interahamwe zo mu Bugarama zirira muri imwe mu nzu za Munyakazi505. Munyakazi yari afite abagore babiri bafatanyije kugura imodoka, umwe yitwaga Mama Safi naho undi akitwa Mama Rukia506.
Isesengura ryUrugereko 247. Porokireri arega Munyakazi kuba yaragize uruhare mu bwicanyi bwakorewe kuri Paruwasi ya Nyamasheke, iya Shangi niya Mibilizi kubera ko yajyanye Interahamwe mu modoka gukora ibyaha, kandi akazigaburira nyuma yubwicanyi. 248. Impande zombi ziremeranya ko Munyakazi yari afite amazu ane. Ariko abatangabuhamya batanze ubuhamya ku bijyanye nigika cya 10 cyInyandiko yibirego, kenshi bavuze gusa ko yari afite amazu anyuranye nabagore banyuranye, nta yandi makuru asobanutse kurushaho batanze. Kubera ibyo, Urugereko ruragerageza gusobanura iki kibazo kirebana ningo za Munyakazi. Rushingiye ku bimenyetso byatanzwe, Urugereko rusanze inzu yavuzweho kenshi nabatangabuhamya ari iyari muri Selire ya Misufi507. Yakodeshaga ibyumba byinshi byiyo nzu. Inzu ya kabiri yari yegeranye na gasutamo hafi yumupaka wu Rwanda na Repuburika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo. Munyakazi yavuze ariko ko mu wa
503 504
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 17 Nzeri 2009, imp. 8-9, 12, 16-17. Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 17 Nzeri 2009, imp. 14-5 ( Rokia mu nyandiko yiburanisha). 505 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 17 Nzeri 2009, imp. 14-15. 506 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 17 Nzeri 2009, urup. 8 ( Rokia mu nyandikomvugo yiburanisha). 507 Byumwihariko umutangabuhamya ushinja wiswe BWX, Esidras Musengayire nuwiswe BWW (uretse igihe yasobanuye ko iyo nzu yari iya Mama Rukiya); abatangabuhamya bashinjura biswe ELB, ABM, YMC naYMS, na Munyakazi. 88 CI10-0010K
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1994 iyo nzu yari icyubakwa kandi ntawabivuguruje508. Nyamara ariko, Urugereko ntirushobora gushingira kuri iyi mvugo yonyine ngo rwemeze ko iyo nzu ya kabiri itashoboraga gukoreshwa. Ikindi kandi, Munyakazi yari afite andi mazu abiri, imwe yumugore we Mama Safi nindi yumugore we wa kabiri. 249. Ku bijyanye numwirondoro wumugore wa kabiri, Munyakazi yavuze ko mu wa 1994 yari afite abagore babiri, umwe yitwa Mama Safi naho undi yitwa Mama Zainabu. Yatandukanye na Mama Rukiya mu wa 1987 kandi ntaho yongeye guhurira na we nyuma yicyo gihe509. Nyamara ariko, Musengayire nundi mutangabuhamya wiswe BWX, bombi bakaba bashinja Munyakazi kandi bakaba baramwishyikiragaho, bavuze ko Munyakazi yari afite abagore babiri mu wa 1994, umwe yitwa Mama Safi naho undi yitwa Mama Rukiya. Umutangabuhamya wiswe BWW yavuze ko yaririye mu nzu yumugore wa Munyakazi witwa Mama Rukiya. Umutangabuhamya ushinjura wiswe ELB, akaba yari Visi-Perezida wInterahamwe, na we yavuze ko mu wa 1994 Mama Rukiya yari umugore wa Munyakazi wa kabiri. Umutangabuhamya wiswe NKM yavuze ko irindi zina bitaga Mama Rukiya ryari Zainabu. Abatangabuhamya bashinjura biswe AMB na YMS ni bo bonyine bashyigikiye ubuhamya bwa Munyakazi buvuga ko umugore we wa kabiri atitwaga Rukiya ko ahubwo yitwaga Zainabu. Urugereko ntirwibwira ko hari ikirego na kimwe gishingiye kuri iki kibazo, bityo ntirwirirwa rugifataho umwanzuro. 250. Munyakazi yavuze ko yabaga mu mazu abiri yabagore be510, naho BWX yavuze ko Munyakazi yabaga mu Misufi aho yari afite igipangu cyarimo ibyumba abantu bakodeshaga511. Na none, Urugereko rusanze atari ngombwa gufata umwanzuro kuri iki kibazo kuko ntacyo byamara mu rwego rwo gusesengura ibirego Munyakazi ashinjwa. 251. Porokireri avuga ko hari inyandiko za Gacaca zaturutse muri Selire ya Misufi niya Muko zikubiyemo ibirego bishinjwa Munyakazi bisa nibiri mu Nyandiko
508
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Ukwakira, imp. 6, 8-9, 17-18; Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 15 Ukwakira 2009, urup. 60. 509 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Ukwakira 2009, imp. 3-4. 510 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Ukwakira 2009, imp. 2-4. 511 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 24 Mata 2009, imp. 15, 16; Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 27 Mata 2009, urup. 35 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 89 CI10-0010K
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yibirego512. Nyamara ariko izo nyandiko ni amafishi yumwirondoro gusa, ntaho zigaragaza na gato ko Munyakazi yaba yaragaburiye Interahamwe zo mu Bugarama cyangwa se ko yazihaye imodoka zo kuzitwara513. Ikimenyetso gihamya cya Porokireri gifite nomero 26 cyerekana ahubwo ko Interahamwe zateraniraga iwe zivuye gukora ubwicanyi hirya no hino514. 252. Urugereko rusanze ibimenyetso byatanzwe na Porokireri bidashyigikira ikirego kivuga ko Munyakazi yakoranye nabantu bavugwa mu gika cya 10 cyInyandiko yibirego aha ibyo kurya nimodoka Interahamwe zo mu Bugarama515. Urugereko rugiye gusuzuma niba Munyakazi yaryozwa ku buryo butaziguye, igikorwa cyo kugaburira Interahamwe zo mu Bugarama no kuziha imodoka zo kuzitwara.
Ibiribwa 253. Abatangabuhamya babiri bashinja, ari bo abiswe BWX na BWW, bavuze ko Munyakazi yagize uruhare mu kugaburira Interahamwe. BWX ni we wenyine wavuze ko ibiryo byatangirwaga kwa Munyakazi muri Selire ya Misufi. Abatangabuhamya bashinjura biswe ELB, ABM, YMC na YMS516 bose bavuze ko abantu babaga muri iyo nzu ari abahakodeshaga. Abatangabuhamya bashinja biswe BWX na BWW, hamwe na Esidras Musengayire bashyigikiye ubu buhamya. 254. BWX, wabaga buri munsi ari hafi yo kwa Munyakazi mu Misufi, avuga ko yafatwaga nkumuntu wo mu muryango wa Munyakazi. Yemeje ko Interahamwe zigera kuri eshanu zabaga mu gipangu cya Munyakazi zigatekera mu gikari. Yavuze ko zashyiraga ibiryo izindi Nterahamwe aho zabaga ziri ku birindiro byazo hanze. Ikindi kandi, Interahamwe zitakomokaga mu Bugarama zazaga rimwe na rimwe kurira aho
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 15 Ukwakira 2009, imp. 36-7; Imyanzuro nsozarubanza ya Porokireri, ibika 60-61. 513 Ibimenyetso gihamya bya Porokireri byahawe n 26 na n 27 (Gacaca, amafishi yumwirondoro ku birebana na Munyakazi); Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 15 Ukwakira 2009, imp. 33, 35-36, 38-39. 514 Ikimenyetso gihamya cya Porokireri cyahawe n 26, Ifishi yumwirondoro, ERN 10469036. 515 Inyandikomvugo yibirego igika cya 10, Zacharie bahimba Mariyo, Marcel Sebatware, Casimir Ndolimana, Thomas Mugunda, Emmanuel Ngarukiye, Elias Bakundukize. 516 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 27 Mata 2009, imp. 35-36 (iburanisha mu muhezo); Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 17 Nzeri 2009, urup. 3; Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 10 Nzeri 2009, imp. 8, 34; Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Nzeri 2009, imp. 7, 31-32. 90 CI10-0010K
512
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batekeraga mu gikari. Uyu mutangabuhamya ntiyasobanuye neza igihe ibi byabereye517. 255. Umutangabuhamya BWW, ku ruhande rwe, yagize ati : Ni kwa Rukiya twariraga nyuma yakazi. Twavugaga ko ari akazi kuko kwica Abatutsi byafatwaga nkumurimo, kandi kuwukora byaduhaga ishema 518. Byumwihariko, yavuze ko Interahamwe zaririye kwa Mama Rukiya nyuma yigitero cyagabwe kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi nicyagabwe kuri Paruwasi ya Mibilizi519. Yongeyeho ko Mama Rukiya yabaga hafi yinzu ya gasutamo520. Ntiyavuze niba Munyakazi yari ahari ubwo bagaburirwaga, kandi ntiyasobanuye aho Mama Rukiya yakuraga ibyo biryo521. Nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, Urugereko ntirushobora kumenya neza niba imvugo ya Munyakazi ko nta biryo yashoboraga gutanga abinyujije kuri Mama Rukiya kubera ko mu wa 1994 bari batakiri kumwe, ari iyo kwizerwa. Ibyo ari byo byose, Urugereko ruributsa ko rudashira amakenga ubuhamya bwa BWW kubera ko ari icyitso cyuregwa. Byongeye kandi, rusanga atarigeze avuga ko Munyakazi yagize uruhare rutaziguye mu itangwa ryibiryo. Bityo rero, rusanze ubuhamya bwuyu mugabo buvuga ko Munyakazi yahereye Interahamwe ibiryo kwa Rukiya, bukeneye gushyigikirwa nubundi buhamya. 256. Hakurikijwe ibyo umutangabuhamya BWX avuga, ibiryo byatekerwaga mu gikari cyo kwa Munyakazi mu Misufi byagemurirwaga Interahamwe zabaga zishinze ibirindiro hafi aho. Ntiyabonye aho ibyo biryo byajyanwaga, kandi ntiyabajije aho bijyanwa. Uyu mutangabuhamya ntiyavuze aho ashingira avuga ko ibiryo byahabwaga Interahamwe zakoreraga ahandi, bityo rero ibyo azi ku itangwa ryibyo biryo bikaba bisa naho ari ibintu yitekerereje gusa. Urugereko rusanze
522
kandi
uyu
mutangabuhamya ataravuze igihe icyo gikorwa cyo guteka cyabereye . Ibimenyetso ntibigaragaza ko ari Munyakazi wari ushinzwe guteka no gutanga ibiryo mu nzu yo
517 518
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 27 Mata 2009, imp. 36, 37. Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 29 Gicurasi, urup. 28 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 519 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 29 Gicurasi 2009, imp. 28-29 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 520 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 29 Gicurasi 2009, urup. 10 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 521 Igihe kimwe, uwiswe BWW yatanze ubuhamya bugira buti: Kwa Yusuf Munyakazi habaga hari ibiryo. Ariko ntibyamubuzaga gusaba ko ibindi biryo bizanwa iwe kugira ngo tubone ibyo turya . Iyi mvugo ntiyasobanuwe neza. Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 29 Gicurasi 2009, urup. 13. 522 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 27 Mata 2009, imp. 36-37 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 91 CI10-0010K
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mu Misufi. Ikindi gishoboka ni uko abantu bakodeshaga aho kwa Munayakazi bari Interahamwe, bashobora kuba barazanaga ibyo biryo noneho bakabihatekera. 257. Umutangabuhamya Esidras Musengayire, Urugereko rwafashe nkumugabo wo kwizerwa muri rusange, ntiyavuze ko Munyakazi yagaburiye cyangwa yahaye ibiryo Interahamwe. Uwo mutangabuhamya yazaga kwa Munyakazi yisanzuye, bityo yashoboraga kumenya neza ukuntu Munyakazi yabanaga nInterahamwe. Ariko, Urugereko ruributsa ko uwo mutangabuhamya yakomerekejwe ku itariki ya 7 Mata 1994 akava mu Bugarama, bityo akaba atazi ibyahabereye nyuma yiyo tariki523. 258. BWW yavuze ko we na bagenzi be bInterahamwe baherwaga ibyo kurya kwa Mama Rukiya gusa, hafi ya gasutamo, naho BWX akavuga ko ibiryo byatekerwaga kwa Munyakazi mu Misufi aho abahakodeshaga ibyumba babaga. Ibi ni ukuvuguruzanya gukomeye. Kubera impamvu zavuzwe haruguru, Urugereko ntirwashingira ku buhamya bwuwo ari we wese muri abo batangabuhamya bombi bwonyine ngo r rwemeze ko Munyakazi yagize uruhare mu kugaburira Interahamwe zo mu Bugarama. 259. Urugereko rusanze ibimenyetso byatanzwe bidahagije kugira ngo rwemeze ko Munyakazi yahaye Interahamwe ibiryo cyangwa ko yagize uruhare mu mugambi rusange wo gukora icyo gikorwa.
Gutwara abantu mu modoka 260. Urugereko rugiye noneho gusuzuma ibimeneytso bivuga ko Munyakazi yahaye Interahamwe imodoka zo kuzitwara zijya mu bitero byahitanye abantu kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi niya Mibilizi cyangwa hamwe muri aho hantu hombi, cyangwa se ko yazifashije ku bundi buryo kugera aho hantu. Urugereko rusanga Porokireri ataragaragaje ku buryo budashidikanywaho ko Munyakazi yagiye mu gitero cyo kuri Paruwasi ya Nyamasheke (reba Umutwe wa II.7).
523
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261.
Abatangabuhamya bashinja biswe BWW, BWU, LCQ, MM na MP bose bavuze ko Munyakazi nInterahamwe zo mu Bugarama bageze ahantu habereye ubwicanyi i Shangi ni Mibilizi bari mu modoka ebyiri. BWW yavuze ko Munyakazi yari afite imodoka ko kandi ari zo Interahamwe zagiyemo zijya kuri ayo maparuwasi524. Umutangauhamya ushinja witwa Esidras Musengayire yavuze ko mbere yuko agabwaho igitero ku itariki ya 7 Mata 1994, Interahamwe zagendaga mu modoka za Komine nizumushinga wa Leta wubuhinzi bwumuceri525. Urugereko ruributsa rukomeje ko Inyandiko yibirego itavuga ko Munyakazi yakoresheje imodoka ze mu kujyana Interahamwe ahabereye ubwicanyi, ahubwo ivuga ko yatwaye cyangwa agafasha Interahamwe kugera aho hantu habereye ubwicanyi.
262.
BWW yavuze ko Interahamwe zigera ku 120, na we azirimo, zagiye ahantu habereye ubwicanyi i Shangi ni Mibilizi mu modoka za Daihatsu ebyiri za Munyakazi, imwe ikaba yari ifite ibara ryera naho indi ifite iryubururu526. Urugereko rusanga umutangabuhamya yarakabije umubare wInterahamwe zajyanywe ahabereye ubwicanyi mu modoka ebyiri. Ariko, ibi byonyine ntibigabanya agaciro kubuhamya kubera ko kenshi abatangabuhamya bakunze kwibeshya ku mibare, cyane cyane nyuma yimyaka 15 ibyo bintu bibaye.
263.
Hagiye haba imvugo zitandukanye, nubwo ari gato bwose, mu buhamya bwatanzwe ku birebana nirangi ryimodoka. BWQ yabonye Munyakazi aza i Shangi muri Daihatsu yera, naho BWU avuga ko yari Daihatsu yicyatsi kibisi, hari nindi yikigina inyuma yayo. BWW yavuze ko Interehamwe zagiye mu modoka za Daihatsu ebyiri, imwe ifite irangi ryubururu naho indi ifite iryera. MP na MM bavuze ko Munyakazi yageze kuri Paruwasi ya Mibilizi ku itariki ya 30 Mata 1994 ari muri Daihatsu ebyiri, ariko ubuhamya bwa MM bushingiye ku nkuru mbarirano. LCQ yabonye imodoka ebyiri mu gitero cyi Mibilizi, imwe muri zo ikaba yari Daihatsu527. Urugereko rusanga kuba izi mvugo zigaragara mu buhamya zitandukanye byaratewe nigihe kirekire gishize ibintu bibaye ndetse nakaduruvayo kabaga kariho mu gihe cyigitero.
524 525
Umutangabuhamya Esidras na we yavuze ko Munyakzi yaguze imodoka ya Daihatsu mbere gato ya jenoside. Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 24 Mata 2009, imp. 2-3, 7. 526 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 29 Gicurasi 2009, imp. 11, 17, 20-21. 527 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 28 Mata 2009, urup.37. 93 CI10-0010K
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264.
Ubwunganizi buvuga ko Porokireri nta bimenyetso yatanze bigaragaza ko Munyakazi yatwaye abagabye igitero kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi, bukongeraho ko abatangabuhamya bashinja biswe BWQ, BWR na BWU bavuze gusa ko Munyakazi yagiye mu modoka irimo Interahamwe bagana kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi528. Ubwunganizi buvuga na none ko nta bimenyetso bigaragaza ko Munyakazi yatwaye abagabye igitero kuri Paruwasi ya Mibilizi. Umutangabuhamya ushinja wiswe MM ntiyabonye imodoka igihe zazaga. Abatangabuhamya bashinja biswe MP na LCQ ntibasobanuye nyiri izo modoka uwo ari we cyangwa ngo bavuge niba Munyakazi hari uruhare yagize mu gutanga izo modoka529.
265.
BWX yavuze ko Interahamwe zahuriye kwa Munyakazi zikurira amamodoka yazijyanye aho zakoreye amarorerwa530. BWQ na BWR bombi bavuze ko Munyakazi yayoboye igitero cyagabwe kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi kandi ko bamubonye aza kuri paruwasi ari kumwe nInterahamwe mu modoka. MP na LCQ bavuze ko Munyakazi ari we wayoboye igitero cyagabwe kuri Paruwasi ya Mibilizi kandi ko yahazanye nInterahamwe mu modoka ebyiri. BWW na we yavuze ko Munyakazi yagiye i Shangi ni Mibilizi ari kumwe nInterahamwe mu modoka ebyiri kandi ko ari we wari uyoboye ibitero kuri ayo maparuwasi.
266.
Urugereko ruremera ko Interahamwe zaje ahantu hakorewe amarorerwa kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi niya Mibilizi ziri mu modoka ebyiri kandi ziri kumwe na Munyakazi. Kuba imodoka zari iza Munyakazi cyangwa atari ize ntacyo bivuze. Nkuko biza gusobanurwa hano hasi ku buryo burambuye, Urugereko rusanga Porokireri yaragaragaje ku buryo budashidikanywaho ko Munyakazi yayoboye igitero cyagabwe kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi ku itariki ya 29 Mata 1994, kandi ko yanayoboye igitero cyagabwe kuri Paruwasi ya Mibilizi ku itariki ya 30 Mata 1994. Urugereko rucukumbuye ibi bimaze kuvugwa, rubona ko Munyakazi yagize uruhare mu gufasha Interahamwe zo mu Bugarama kubona imodoka zazijyanye ahantu habiri zakoreye amarorerwa.
528 529
Imyanzuro nsozarubanza yUbwunganizi, igika 74. Imyanzuro nsozarubanza yUbwunganizi, igika 105. 530 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 24 Mata 2009, imp. 22-24 ; Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 27 Mata 2009, urup. 38 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 94 CI10-0010K
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Munyakazi yagaburiye Interahamwe hagati ya Mutarama na Nyakanga 1994. Ariko, rusanze ibimenyetso byatanzwe muri rusange bigaragaza ko Munyakazi yagize uruhare mu gufasha Interahamwe zo mu Bugarama kubona imodoka zo kuzijyana no kuzivana kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi ku itariki ya 29 Mata 1994 no kuri Paruwasi ya Mibilizi ku itariki ya 30 Mata 1994.
268.
269. 270.
Porokireri ashingira ku buhamya bwa LAY na BWP531. Ubwunganizi buvuga ko nta gitero cyagabwe kuri Paruwasi ya Nyamasheke ku itariki ya 16 Mata 1994, ibyo bukabishingira ku buhamya bwa Thomas Nahimana, MBRE, YCH, YCC, ELB na Thobald Gakwaya Rwaka. Rushingira kandi no ku myiregurire ya Munyakazi uvuga ko kuri iyo tariki atari aho icyaha cyakorewe igihe cyakorwaga532. Ibimenyetso ku birebana nibyabereye kuri Paruwasi ya Nyamasheke Umutangabuhamya ushinja wiswe LAY
531
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, igika 2; Imyanzuro nsozarubanza ya Porokireri, ibika 64-68, 124-129, 143146. 532 Imyanzuro nsozarubanza yUbwunganizi, ibika 49-72, 163-167. 95 CI10-0010K
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271.
Umutangabuhamya wiswe LAY ni Umututsi, yakoraga i Nyamasheke kandi yari umuyoboke wishyaka PL mu wa 1994533. Yari asanzwe azi Munyakazi kubera ko Munyakazi yakundaga guhagarara i Nyamasheke agiye cyangwa avuye muri za mitingi zishyaka mu wa 1993. Igihe cyose Munyakazi yanyuraga muri uwo mujyi, habaga ubushyamirane hagati yamashyaka ya politiki534.
272.
Ku wa gatandatu, ku itariki ya 9 Mata 1994, urugo rwuyu mutangabuhamya rwaratewe. Yahungiye kuri Paruwasi ya Nyamasheke, noneho umuryango we uza kuhamusanga nyuma. Yasanze izindi mpunzi kuri paruwasi kandi amaze kuhagera izindi zakomeje kuza535. Ku itariki ya 13 niya 15 Mata 1994, abaturage bo muri Kagano bagabye igitero ku mpunzi zari kuri paruwasi. Ibyo bitero byari biyobowe na superefe nabandi banyapolitiki babayobozi bo muri ako gace. Umuryango wose wuyu mutangabuhamya wahitanywe nicyo gitero cyo ku itariki ya 15 Mata 1994536.
273.
Ku itariki ya 16 Mata 1994, uyu mutangabuhamya yari mu kiliziya ahagaze ku rusenge. Ari aho hantu hirengeye, yashoboye kurebera mu idirishya ibyaberaga hanze ya kiliziya. Igitero cyatangiye ahagana saa kumi nebyiri nigice za mu gitondo. Abaturage bo muri Kagano nInterahamwe ni bo bagabye icyo gitero537. Nubwo nta saha yari yambaye uwo munsi, uyu mutangabuhamya yibwira ko Munyakazi yahageze hagati ya saa tatu na saa ine za mu gitondo, ari kumwe nagatsiko kInterahamwe538. Uyu mutangabuhamya ntiyashoboraga kumva amagambo Munyakazi yavugaga, ariko yamubonye avugana nabategetsi bari bageze aho, bamwe muri bo uyu mutangabuhamya yarabavuze539.
274.
Munyakazi amaze kuhagera, abagabye igitero bamennye imiryango ya kiliziya. Uyu mutangabuhamya yumvise ijwi ryumwe mu bari bagabye igitero risaba abagore nabana gusohoka mu kiliziya no kutagira ubwoba. Ariko ntiyashoboye kumenya
533
Ikimenyetso gihamya cya Porokireri cyahawe n 4 (inyandiko yumwirondoro); Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 23 Mata 2009, urup. 22. 534 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 23 Mata 2009, imp. 22-23, 39-40. 535 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 23 Mata 2009, imp. 23-24. 536 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 23 Mata 2009, imp. 25-26. 537 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 23 Mata 2009, urup. 26. 538 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 23 Mata 2009, imp. 26-27. 539 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 23 Mata 2009, imp. 27-28. 96 CI10-0010K
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uwavuze ayo magambo. Abagore nabana bagisohoka, bahise bicwa nabo bari bagabye igitero. Munyakazi yari ahagaze ku muryango wa kiliziya540. 275. Ubwo, abagabye igitero binjiye mu kiliziya. Umutangabuhamya yari ahagaze nko muri metero 15 cyangwa 20 zaho Munyakazi yari ari kandi yashoboraga kumubona541. Mu kiliziya ni Munyakazi wayoboraga Interahamwe kandi yari yitwaje masotera542. Nubwo uyu mutangabuhamya yari yavuze mbere ko Munyakazi yahaga amabwiriza abagabye igitero543, nyuma yaje gusobanura ko yumvise amabwiriza atangwa mu gihe yashoboraga kubona Munyakazi akikijwe nInterahamwe544. Igitero cyarakomeje kugeza nka saa munani zamanywa545. Abicanyi babanje gukoresha gerenade nimbunda, mbere yo gutwika impunzi bakoresheje lisansi546. Nyuma yaho biraye mu mpunzi bakoresheje intwaro za gakondo547. Byaje kugera aho uyu mutangabuhamya agwa mu mirambo yimpunzi hanyuma ata ubwenge548. 276. Uyu mutangabuhamya ntiyashoboye kugereranya umubare wimpunzi zaguye muri ibyo bitero bitatu, ariko yavuze ko mu wa 1995 bahambye imirambo yabantu 45 000 baguye kuri paruwasi549. Umutangabuhamya ushinja wiswe BWP 277. Umutangabuhamya wiswe BWP ni Umututsi. Muri Mata 1994 yabaga muri Komine ya Kagano, Perefegitura ya Cyangugu, icyo gihe akaba yari afite imyaka 15 cyangwa 16550. Yabonye Munyakzi inshuro ebyiri mu wa 1993 ubwo Munyakazi yanyuraga i Nyamasheke ajya cyangwa avuye muri za mitingi za MRND mu Kirambo551. Buri
540 541
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 23 Mata 2009, imp. 29, 36-37. Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 23 Mata 2009, urup. 30. 542 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 23 Mata 2009, urup. 31. 543 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 23 Mata 2009, imp. 30-31. 544 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 23 Mata 2009, imp. 45-46. 545 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 23 Mata 2009, urup. 31. 546 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 23 Mata 2009, imp. 32, 37-38. 547 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 23 Mata 2009, urup. 38. 548 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 23 Mata 2009, imp. 31-32. 549 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 23 Mata 2009, imp. 31, 34-36. 550 Ikimenyetso gihamya cya Porokireri cyahawe n 3 (inyandiko yumwirondoro); Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 23 Mata 2009, urup. 2. 551 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 23 Mata 2009, imp. 2, 7. 97 CI10-0010K
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gihe Munyakazi yarahagararaga kugira ngo avugane nabaturage, kandi igihe cyose yabaga ashagawe nabayoboke ba MRND552. 278. Uyu mutangabuhamya nabandi bo mu muryango we bahungiye kuri Paruwasi ya Nyamasheke ari ku wa mbere ku itariki ya 11 Mata 1994, kandi barahagumye kugeza ku itariki ya 16 Mata 1994553. 279. Abaturage bo muri Kagano, bakoresheje intwaro za gakondo, bagabye igitero ku mpunzi zari kuri paruwasi ku itariki ya 13 Mata 1994554. Ku itariki ya 15 Mata 1994, abapolisi ba Komine nabantu bavuye mu gisirikare bifatanyije nabaturage bo muri Kagano bongera kugaba igitero kuri paruwasi555. Impunzi zigera kuri 20 zaguye mu gitero cyo ku itariki ya 13 Mata 1994556. Izindi nyinshi zahitanywe nigitero cyo ku itariki ya 15 Mata ariko uyu mutangabuhamya ntiyashoboye kugereranya umubare wazo557. Impunzi zashoboye kurusimbuka zihishe mu kiliziya ziranaharara558. Umutangabuhamya avuga ko agereranyije mu kiliziya hari impunzi zigera ku 2 250 ubwo zagabwagaho igitero ku itariki ya 16 Mata 1994559. 280. Ku itariki ya 16 Mata 1994, igitero cyatangiye saa kumi nebyiri za mu gitondo. Mu ntangiriro, impunzi zashoboye gukumira icyo gitero cyari kigizwe nAbahutu bo muri Komine ya Kagano560. Nyuma yamasaha, impunzi zari ku miryango kandi zashoboraga kubona ibyaberaga kuri santere ya Kabeza, zabwiye izindi mpunzi ko Munyakazi yariho aza agana kuri paruwasi561. 281. Hashize nkisaha, ubwo hari nko mu masaa ine za mu gitondo, bumvise urusaku rwingoma namafirimbi. Icyo gihe, agatsiko kInterahamwe kari kayobowe na Munyakazi kageze kuri paruwasi562. Impunzi zimaze kumva ko abagabye igitero bahageze, zafunze imiryango ya kiliziya zikoresheje intebe. Ariko hashize iminota 20,
552 553
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 23 Mata 2009, imp. 2, 8, 10. Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 23 Mata 2009, urup. 3. 554 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 23 Mata 2009, urup. 5. 555 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 23 Mata 2009, urup. 5. 556 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 23 Mata 2009, imp. 5, 11-12. 557 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 23 Mata 2009, urup. 6. 558 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 23 Mata 2009, urup. 3. 559 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 23 Mata 2009, urup. 7. 560 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 23 Mata 2009, imp. 3, 12. 561 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 23 Mata 2009, imp. 2-3. 562 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 23 Mata 2009, imp. 3-4, 13. 98 CI10-0010K
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abo bagabye igitero bashoboye kumena iyo miryango. Interahamwe zategetse abagore nabana gusohoka noneho zirabica563. Abicanyi bakoresheje imbunda, intwaro za gakondo namagerenade564. Icyo gihe uyu mutangabuhamya yari nko muri metero 5 cyangwa 10 zaho Munyakazi yari ari kandi yashoboye kumubona nko mu gihe cyiminota 30565. Mu bari bagabye igitero uwo munsi harimo uwitwa Pima, wari uyoboye agatsiko kabagabye igitero kari katurutse muri Gafunzo566. 282. Munyakazi yari afite masotera kandi ni we muntu wa mbere warashe mu kiliziya ubwo abagore nabana bari bamaze kwicwa567. Izindi Nterahamwe zaramwigannye568. Mu gihe yari aryamye munsi yimirambo, umutangabuhamya yakomeje kumva amasasu na za gerenade569. Yumvise lisansi inuka, yumva kandi imirambo isandara570. Interahamwe zatangiye kurasa ku mpunzi hashize nkiminota 40 zigeze kuri paruwasi571. Muri uwo mugoroba umutangabuhamya yasohorotse munsi yimirambo hanyuma ajya kwihisha ku nshuti ye572.
Yussuf Munyakazi 283. Munyakazi yahakanye ko atigeze ajya mu gitero na kimwe cyagabwe kuri Paruwasi ya Nyamasheke573. Mu gitondo cyo ku itariki ya 16 Mata 1994, Munyakazi nabaturanyi be bari bahugiye mu gushaka uko bahungishiriza Esidras Musengayire muri Repuburuika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo574. Baje kwemeza ko Andr Nyirimbibi ari we wambukana na Esidras, noneho Munyakazi aguma mu Bugarama ategereje kumenya niba urugendo rwabo rwabaye ruhire575. Ahagana mu masaa tanu za mu gitondo, Andr yaragarutse avuga ko urugendo rwagenze neza576. Nyuma yaho,
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 23 Mata 2009, imp. 4, 6-7. Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 23 Mata 2009, urup. 7. 565 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 23 Mata 2009, imp. 4-5. 566 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 23 Mata 2009, urup. 14. 567 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 23 Mata 2009, imp. 4, 13. 568 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, urup. 13. 569 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 23 Mata 2009, urup. 14. 570 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 23 Mata 2009, urup. 16. 571 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 23 Mata 2009, urup. 4. 572 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 23 Mata 2009, urup. 5; Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 23 Mata 2009, urup. 18 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 573 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Ukwakira 2009, imp. 47-49. 574 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Ukwakira 2009, urup. 44. 575 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Ukwakira 2009, imp. 44-45, 47-48. 576 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Ukwakira 2009, urup. 45. 99 CI10-0010K
564 563
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ahagana mu masaa kumi nimwe zigicamunsi, Munyakazi yagiye kuri CIMERWA amaze kumva ko uwahoze ari umuturanyi we, Isaaac Burege, yiciwe hafi yaho. Ahageze, yasanze koko Isaac yapfuye, ariko umugore we nabana be bakiriho. Munyakazi yarabafashe abahungishiriza iwe577. Umutangabuhamya ushinjura witwa Thomas Nahimana
284.
Umutangabuhamya witwa Thomas Nahimana ni Umuhutu. Mu wa 1999, yari yungirije padiri mukuru wa Paruwasi ya Nyamasheke578. Muri kiriya gihe yashoboye kuganira na Padiri Ubald na Padiri Apollinaire, bombi babaga kuri Paruwasi ya Nyamasheke muri Mata 1994. Uyu mutangabuhamya yabonye kandi amakuru ajyanye nibyabaye muri Mata 1994 mu gihe yakoreraga Komisiyo ya Kiliziya ishinzwe amahoro, ubumwe nubutabera579. Padiri Ubald na Padiri Apollinaire babwiye uyu mutangabuhamya ko Pima na bagenzi be ari bo bagabye igitero kuri Paruwasi ya Nyamasheke580. Nta na rimwe izina rya Munyakazi ryigeze rivugwa mu bitero byagabwe kuri iyo paruwasi581.
Umutangabuhamya ushinjura wiswe MBRE 285. Umutangabuhamya wiswe MBRE ni Umuhutu. Mu wa 1994, yari utuye muri Segiteri ya Mukinja kandi yari moniteragiri582. Yakoreraga mu biro bya Komine ya Nyamasheke byari kuri santere yubucuruzi ya Kabeza, hari metero 500 uvuye kuri Paruwasi ya Nyamasheke, cyangwa urugendo rwamaguru rwiminota itanu583. 286. Ku itariki ya 13 Mata 1994, habaye inama hagati ya burugumesitiri, Musenyeri Thadde Ntihinyurwa, perefe nabaturage bashakaga gutera paruwasi. Nyuma yiyo nama, uyu mutangabuhamya yabonye abantu bose bava ku biro bya Komine uretse
577 578
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Ukwakira 2009, urup. 48. Ikimenyetso gihamya cyUbwunganizi cyahawe n 13 (inyandiko yumwirondoro); Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 2 Nzeri 2009, imp. 4, 5. 579 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 2 Nzeri 2009, imp. 15-16. 580 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 2 Nzeri 2009, urup. 16. 581 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 2 Nzeri 2009, urup. 16. 582 Ikimenyetso gihamya cyUbwunganizi cyahawe n 17 (inyandiko yumwirondoro); Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 7 Nzeri 2009, urup. 32 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 583 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 7 Nzeri 2009, urup. 33 (iburanisha mu muhezo); Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 7 Nzeri 2009, urup. 32, (iburanisha mu muhezo). 100 CI10-0010K
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musenyeri na burugumesitiri. Umunsi wakurikiyeho musenyeri yavuye aho ariko agenda ajyanye abapadiri bari kuri paruwasi584. 287. Ku itariki ya 14 Mata 1994, musenyeri amaze kugenda, uyu mutangabuhamya yasubiye iwe mu rugo. Uwo munsi, ahagana mu masaa kumi nimwe zigicamunsi, yumvise urusaku rwamasasu nibintu biturika585. Ibi byarakomeje ijoro ryose kugeza bukeye ku itariki ya 15 Mata 1994 ahagana mu masaa mbiri cyangwa saa tatu zijoro. Nyuma yaje kumenya ko kuri paruwasi hari hagabwe igitero586. 288. Ku itariki ya 16 Mata 1994, uyu mutangabuhamya yari mu biro bya Komine, na nyuma yaho yari kuri santere ya Kabeza kuva saa moya nigice za mu gitondo kugeza saa munani zamanywa. Ntiyumvise cyangwa ngo abone igitero kigabwa kuri paruwasi uwo munsi. Ntiyabonye Munyakazi kuri paruwasi cyangwa ku biro bya Komine kandi ntiyigeze yumva izina rya Munyakazi rivugwa mu gitero icyo ari cyo cyose uwo munsi587.
Umutangabuhamya ushinjura wiswe YCH 289. YCH ni Umuhutu wabaga muri Serire ya Gakomeye, Segiteri ya Mukinja, muri Komine ya Kagano. Ni umugatorika wo muri Paruwasi ya Nyamasheke588 kandi muri Mata 1994, yajyaga kuri Paruwasi kabiri mu cyumweru. Yibuka ko ku itariki ya 13 Mata 1994 yagiye kuri Paruwasi gusura inshuti ye yari yahahungiye yitwa Francors Nyiramongi589. Uwo munsi, abantu bagerageje kugaba igitero kuri Paruwasi, ariko kirapfuba kubera ko Perefe yahagobotse590. Kubera icyo gikorwa cya perefe, umutuzo waragarutse ku buryo uyu mutangabuhamya yashoboye kubonana ninshuti ye591. 290. Ku itariki ya 15 Mata 1994, umutangabuhamya yari iwe mu rugo kure cyane ya paruwasi. Hagati ya saa cyenda na saa kumi cyangwa ahagana kuri ayo masaha,
584 585
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 7 Nzeri 2009, urup. 35. Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 7 Nzeri 2009, urup. 35. 586 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 7 Nzeri 2009, imp. 35-36. 587 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 7 Nzeri 2009, imp. 36-37. 588 Ikimenyetso gihamya cyUbwunganizi gifite 19 (Inyandiko yumwirondoro); Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 8 Nzeri 2009, urup. 3 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 589 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 8 Nzeri 2009, urup. 4 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 590 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 8 Nzeri 2009, imp. 6-7. 591 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 8 Nzeri 2009, urup. 7. 101 CI10-0010K
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yumvise urusaku rwamasasu. Nyuma yaho, umutangabuhamya yaje kumva abantu bavuga ko uwo munsi kuri Paruwasi hagabwe igitero kinini592. Muri uwo mugoroba, umutangabuhamya yahuriye mu kabari ko muri ako gace nabantu bari baziranye bahoze ari abasirikare. Abo bantu bigambye ibyo bakoreye kuri Paruwasi, kandi babwira umutangabuhamya ko igitero cyari kiyobowe numugabo witwa Pima593. 291. Bukeye, ku itariki ya 16 Mata 1994, umutangabuhamya yagiye ku biro bya Komine. Ahageze, abapolisi bamubwiye ko bari bagiye kuri paruwasi bagasanga nta muntu warokotse594. Abo bapolisi bamubwiye kandi ko abagabye ibitero bari bayobowe nabitwa Pima, Kodo, Elias, na Rutagengwa. Pima yakomokaga muri Komine ya Gafunzo, mu gihe Kodo na Elias bo bakomokaga muri Komine ya Kagano595. 292. Ku itariki ya 16 Mata 1994, umutangabuhamya yari ku biro bya komine kuva saa yine za mu gitondo kugeza saa munani zamanywa. Hagati yibiro bya komine na paruwasi hari intera igera kuri metero 500. Ntiyigeze abona Munyakazi cyangwa se imodoka ye kandi nta rusaku rwamasasu cyangwa se ibindi bintu biturika yigeze yumva596. Nta muntu yigeze yumva avuga ko Munyakazi na Pima bagiye kuri paruwasi uwo munsi. Avuga ko ataha, yashoboraga kubona kuri paruwasi, ariko ko nta gitero yigeze abona597. Umutangabuhamya avuga ashimangira ko nta mpamvu yari gutuma habaho igitero ku itariki ya 16 Mata 1994 kuko impunzi zose zari zaraye zishwe598.
Umutangabuhamya ushinjura wiswe YCC 293. YCC ni Umuhutu kandi kuva aho yari atuye muri Mata 1994 kugera kuri santeri yubucuruzi ya Kabeza no kuri Paruwasi ya Nyamasheke hari urugendo rwiminota itanu namaguru599. Santeri yubucuruzi ya Kabeza ni yo yari santeri yubucuruzi
592 593
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 8 Nzeri 2009, urup. 7. Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 8 Nzeri 2009, urup. 16. 594 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 8 Nzeri 2009, urup. 7. 595 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 8 Nzeri 2009, urup. 8. 596 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 8 Nzeri 2009, imp. 8-9. 597 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 8 Nzeri 2009, imp. 9-10. 598 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 8 Nzeri 2009, imp. 8, 10. 599 Ikimenyetso gihamya cyUbwunganizi gifite 20 (Inyandiko yumwimerere bwite); Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 8 Nzeri 2009, urup. 20 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 102 CI10-0010K
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ikomeye muri ako gace, bityo abaturage baho bagakunda kuhahurira bagahana amakuru ku mutekano wo muri ako gace600. 294. Ku itariki ya 15 Mata 1994, umutangabuhamya yagiye kuri santeri yubucuruzi ya Kabeza mu gitondo, maze arahaguma kugeza saa kumi nimwe zigicamunsi. Umuntu ari kuri iyo santeri, yashoboraga kubona igitero cyagabwe kuri Paruwasi ya Nyamasheke uwo munsi kandi umutangabuhamya avuga ko cyari kiyobowe na Pima. Igitero cyarangiye ahagana saa kumi cyangwa saa kumi nimwe zigicamunsi. Cyakora, umutangabuhamya yabonye gusa igitero gitangira kandi kubwe yumva uwo munsi cyari kigizwe nabantu bagera ku 2 000. Abagabye igitero bazanye na Pima bateraniye kuri santeri yubucuruzi mbere yo gukomeza bajya kuri paruwasi601. 295. Ku itariki ya 16 Mata 1994 mu gitondo, Umutangabuhamya na none yari kuri santere yubucuruzi ya Kabeza. Yemeje ko uwo munsi nta gitero yigeze abona kigabwa kuri Paruwasi ya Nyamasheke602. Yumva ko nta mpamvu yari gutuma icyo gitero kibaho kubera ko impunzi zose zari zaraye zishwe nabicanyi bari bayobowe na Pima603. Nubwo umutangabuhamya yari azi Munyakazi604, ntiyigeze yumva hari uvuga ko Munyakazi yageze i Nyamasheke ku itariki ya 16 Mata 1994605. Yahakanye ko Munyakazi yahuriye nabandi bantu kuri paruwasi bakavugana ibirebana no kugaba igitero uwo munsi606. Byongeye kandi, ntacyo yari azi Munyakazi yari ahuriyeho na Pima607.
Ubuhamya ku gitero cyagabwe ku ruganda rwa sima rwa CIMERWA Umutangabuhamya ushinja wiswe BWW 296. BWW ni Umuhutu wari mu mutwe wInterahamwe zo mu Bugarama mu mwaka wa 1994. Urukiko Gacaca mu Rwanda rwamuhamije icyaha cya jenoside yo mu mwaka
600 601
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 8 Nzeri 2009, urup. 26. Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 8 Nzeri 2009, urup. 21. 602 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 8 Nzeri 2009, imp. 23-24. 603 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 8 Nzeri 2009, urup. 23. 604 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 8 Nzeri 2009, imp. 21-22. 605 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 8 Nzeri 2009, imp. 23-24. 606 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 8 Nzeri 2009, urup. 24. 607 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 8 Nzeri 2009, urup. 26. 103 CI10-0010K
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1994. Yemeza ko yakoze ibyaha afatanyije cyane cyane na Munyakazi na Tarek Aziz, wabaga mu nzu ya Munyakazi kandi amwungirije608. 297. Ku itariki ya 16 Mata 1994, umutangabuhamya nizindi Nterahamwe zo mu Bugarama, bagabye igitero ku ruganda rwa CIMERWA. Muri icyo gitero, Interahamwe zishe Abatutsi, ibyitso byabo , nabandi bantu bari bahahungiye609. Byumwihariko, yamenye umwe mu bahaguye, akaba yari umuhungu wa Rwamihigo610. Ari kumwe nInterahamwe, umutangabuhamya yagiye mu bitero bitatu birimo icyagabwe kuri CIMERWA. Nubwo atashoboye kwibuka amatariki yibindi bitero bibiri yagiyemo, ahamya ko kuri CIMERWA hagabwe igitero ku itariki ya 16 Mata 1994, kubera ko umuntu winshuti ye witwa Samuel Hungurimana yamubwiye iyo tariki, kandi yibuka ko igitero cyabaye ari ku wa gatandatu611.
Umutangabuhamya ushinjura witwa Thobald Gakwaya Rwaka 298. Thobald Gakwaya Rwaka ni Umuhutu wakoraga mu ruganda rwa sima ari rwo CIMERWA mu Bugarama kuva mu wa 1992 kugera mu wa 1996612. Mu mwaka wa 1994, uruganda rwa CIMERWA rwari rufite abakozi bagera kuri 400, hatabariwemo abigihe gito613. Ubwo yakoraga muri CIMERWA yari na Visi-Perezida wishyaka rya Gikirisitu (PDC) ku rwego rwigihugu, bityo akaba yari azi imiterere yinzego za polititiki akamenya nabantu bakomeye muri ako karere614. 299. Umutangabuhamya ntiyari ku kazi kuri CIMERWA ubwo aho hantu hagabwaga igitero ku wa gatandatu ku itariki ya 16 Mata 1994615. Cyakora, yaje kubona ibaruwa yuwari umukuriye ku kazi imusaba kuza ku biro akagira ibintu arangiza616. Ageze kuri CIMERWA ahagana saa munani nigice zamanywa, yasanze igitero cyatangiye
608
Ikimenyetso gihamya cyUbwunganizi gifite 27 (Inyandiko yumwimerere bwite); Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 29 Gicurasi 2009, imp. 6-8. 609 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 29 Gicurasi 2009, urup. 14 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 610 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 29 Gicurasi 2009, imp. 6-7 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 611 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 29 Gicurasi 2009, imp. 14-15 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 612 Ikimenyetso gihamya cyUbwunganizi gifite 26 (Inyandiko yumwimerere bwite); Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 16 Nzeri 2009, imp. 3, 26-28. 613 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 16 Nzeri 2009, urup. 25. 614 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 16 Nzeri 2009, urup. 5. 615 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 16 Nzeri 2009, urup. 18. 616 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 16 Nzeri 2009, imp. 18-19. 104 CI10-0010K
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kandi kigikomeza617. Umutangabuhamya avuga ko atabonye abagabye ibitero, ariko ko yaje kubwirwa ko bari Interahamwe618. Umutangabuhamya yarahunze ava muri ako gace, ariko asubira ku ruganda muri Nyakanga 1994. Agarutse, yakoze raporo yerekanaga ko igitero cyagabwe kuri CIMERWA ku itariki ya 16 Mata 1994 cyahitanye abantu 50, kandi cyagabwe na Tarek Aziz nInterahamwe619. Umutangabuhamya yemeza ko nyuma ya jenoside yakoreye Umuryango utegamiye kuri Leta uharanira uburenganizra bwa muntu, kandi ko atigeze na rimwe yumva hari umuntu ushinja Munyakazi620. Umutangabuhamya ushinjura wiswe ELB 300. ELB ni Umuhutu wari Visi-Perezida wInterahamwe zo mu Bugarama muri Mata 1994621. Avuga ko Interahamwe zo mu Bugarama zitigeze zijya mu gitero cyagabwe kuri Paruwasi ya Nyamasheke. Ku itariki ya 16 Mata 1994, umutangabuhamya nInterahamwe zo mu Bugarama, bagabye igitero ku ruganda rwa sima ari rwo CIMERWA mu Bugarama. Icyo gitero cyatangiye saa mbiri za mu gitondo kirangira uwo munsi ku mugoroba. Kubera iyo mpamvu, Interahamwe zo mu Bugarama ntizashoboraga kujya i Nyamasheke uwo munsi. Interahamwe zakoze urugendo rwibirometero umunani namaguru kuva muri Cit Bugarama kugera kuri CIMERWA622.
Isesengura ryUrugereko 301. Porokireri yahamagaje abatangabuhamya babiri biswe LAY na BWP, ngo agaragaze uruhare rwa Munyakazi mu gitero cyagabwe kuri Paruwasi ya Nyamasheke ku itariki ya 16 Mata 1994. Abo batangabuhamya bombi barokotse icyo gitero kandi bahamya ko Munyakazi yari aho hantu. Ubwunganizi bwahamagaje abatangabuhamya batanu maze bose bavuga ko Munyakazi atigeze ajya muri icyo gitero. Umutangabuhamya ushinjura witwa Thomas Nahimana yemeza ko kuri Paruwasi ya Nyamasheke
617 618
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 16 Nzeri 2009, urup. 19. Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 16 Nzeri 2009, urup. 20. 619 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 16 Nzeri 2009, imp. 21-23, 29. 620 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 16 Nzeri 2009, urup. 17. 621 Ikimenyetso gihamya cyUbwunganizi gifite 27 (Inyandiko yumwirondoro); Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 17 Nzeri 2009, imp. 1- 2. 622 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 17 Nzeri 2009, imp. 11-12. 105 CI10-0010K
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hagabwe ibitero ariko ntavuga amatariki byabereyeho. Abatangabuhamya bashinjura biswe MBRE, YCC, na YCH bavuga ko aho hantu nta gitero kigeze kihagabwa ku itariki ya 16 Mata, ko ahubwo cyahagabwe ku itariki ya 15 Mata 1994. Munyakazi avuga ko atagiye muri icyo gitero, ko ahubwo uwo munsi yari arimo gufasha abaturanyi be. Urugereko rurazirikana kandi ubuhamya bwatanzwe ku gitero cyagabwe kuri CIMERWA kubera ko cyabaye ku itariki ya 16 Mata 1994, kandi ubwo buhamya bukaba bwagira akamaro mu kumenya aho Munyakazi yari ari uwo munsi. 302. Abagabo bashinjwa biswe LAY na BWP batanze ubuhamya buvuga bimwe ku gitero cyagabwe kuri Paruwasi ya Nyamasheke ku itariki ya 16 Mata. Bombi bemeza ko igitero cya mbere cyabaye ahagana saa kumi nebyiri zumugoroba ariko impuzi zigashobora kugisubiza inyuma; ko hagati ya saa tatu na saa yine za mu gitondo cyangwa ahagana kuri ayo masaha, Munyakazi yahageze ari kumwe nizindi Nterahamwe maze bakamena inzugi za kiliziya; ko abagore nabana basohowe mu kiliziya bakicwa; kandi ko nyuma yaho abari mu bitero binjiye mu kiliziya bakica impunzi zari zasigayemo623. Ubuhamya bwabo bagabo bombi burahuza kandi nta kintu gikomeye buvuguruzanyaho624. Urugereko batangabuhamya bombi bakwizerwa. 303. Cyakora, Urugereko rusanga mu buhamya bwe, LAY hari ibyo adashaka kuvuga ku birebana nuko azi BWP. Ubwo yabazwaga, LAY ntiyavuze mu buryo butaziguye niba azi BWP. Perezida wInteko amubajije ni bwo bwonyine yavuze ko BWP yari umwe mu baturage bi Nyamasheke625. Urugereko rusanga rudashira amakenga iki kibazo. 304. Abatangabuhamya bashinjura biswe MBRE, YCC, na YCH bose bemeza ko ku itariki ya 16 Mata 1994 nta gitero cyagabwe kuri Paruwasi ya Nyamasheke. Nubwo nta numwe muri abo batangabuhamya wari kuri Paruwasi ya Nyamasheke uwo munsi, rusanga muri rusange, aba
623 624
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 23 Mata 2009, imp. 3-6, 11-12, 23-27, 29-30. Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 23 Mata 2009, imp. 3-6, 31. BWP avuga ko Munyakazi yari afite masotera kandi ko ari we warashe bwa mbere mu kiriziya ku mpunzi zarimo. LAY avuga ko Munyakazi yari afite masotera, ko ariko atazi niba yarayikoresheje. 625 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 23 Mata 2009, urup. 44 (iburanisha mu muhezo); Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 23 Mata 2009, urup. 45. 106 CI10-0010K
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bose uko ari batatu bari batuye kandi bakorera hafi ya paruwasi, ndetse bose bavuga ko, ku itariki ya 16 Mata 1994, bari muri santeri ya Kabeza no hafi yayo. Urugereko rusanga BWP avuga ko umuntu wari ku marembo ya Paruwasi ya Nyamasheke yashoboraga kureba kuri santeri ya Kabeza626. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ibyo abo batangabuhamya bashinjura bavuga ko nta gitero cyagabwe aho hantu ku itariki ya 16 Mata ntawabirwanya avuga ko aho bari bari batashoboraga kubona ibibera kuri paruwasi uwo munsi. 305. Umutangabuhamya ushinjura witwa Thomas Nahimana yashimangiye ubuhamya bwabagabo bashinjura biswe YCC, YCH na MBRE buvuga ko ibitero byagabwe kuri Paruwasi ya Nyamasheke byari biyobowe na Pima627. Cyakora, ubuhamya bwe bushingiye ku nkuru mbarirano, kubera ko atari ari muri ako gace igihe ibyo bitero byabaga628. Byongeye kandi, ntazi neza amatariki ibyo bitero byagabiweho kuri Paruwasi ya Nyamasheke629. 306. Urugereko ruributsa ko rwasanze imyiregurire ya sinari mpari ya Munyakazi atari iyo kwizerwa, bityo rukaba rutagira icyo ruyivugaho muri iri sesengura (reba Umutwe wa II.2). 307. Mu kureba niba Munyakazi yaragiye mu gitero cyagabwe kuri Paruwasi ya Nyamasheke, Urugereko ntirugendera gusa ku ngingo zatanzwe na Porokireri rurita ku buhamya bwerekeranye nUbwunganizi. Byumwihariko, Urugereko
nigitero cyagabwe kuri CIMERWA ku itariki ya 16 Mata 1994, impamde zombi zitagize icyo zivugaho mu Myanzuro nsozarubanza yazo, ariko rwibande gusa ku bifitanye isano nigitero cyagabwe kuri Paruwasi ya Nyamasheke. Urugereko rusanga ubuhamya bwatanzwe kuri icyo gitero butajyanye nibivugwa nimpande zombi. Cyakora, mu gusuzuma ibimenyetso, Urugereko ntirugendera byanze bikunze ku bivugwa nimpande zombi.
626
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 23 Mata 2009, urup. 12. Umutangabuhamya agira ati: Impunzi zari kuri Paruwasi zari zashyizwe imbere ya kiriziya iruhande rwimiryango. Zashoboraga rero kubona ibyaberaga kuri santeri ya Kabeza. Izo mpunzi zari aho hantu nizo zatubwiye ko Munyakazi ajetwumvise ibyo bavuga. Iyo umuntu ari imbere ya kiriziya, ashobora kubona ibirimo kubera kuri santeri ya. 627 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 2 Nzeri 2009, urup. 16. 628 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 2 Nzeri 2009, urup. 32. 629 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 2 Nzeri 2009, urup. 32. 107 CI10-0010K
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308.
Abatangabuhamya bashinja nabashinjura bemeza bose ko Interahamwe zagabye igitero kuri CIMERWA ku itariki ya 16 Mata 1994. Kubera ko nta mpamvu igaragara yari gutuma abo bagabo batanga ubuhamya bwubuhimbano, Urugereko runyuzwe nibivugwa ko icyo gitero cyagabwe koko ku itariki ya 16 Mata 1994. Urugereko rurasuzuma ingaruka uyu mwanzuro warwo wagira ku isesengura ryarwo ku byabaye bivugwa na Porokireri mu gika cya 12 cyInyandiko yibirego.
309.
Umutangabuhamya ushinjura wiswe ELB yemeza ko yari umwe mu Nterahamwe630 zagabye igitero kuri CIMERWA ku itariki ya 16 Mata. Avuga ko igitero cyatangiye saa mbiri za mu gitondo kigakomeza kugera ijoro riguye, bityo akaba yumva Interahamwe zo mu Bugarama nta handi zari gushobora kugaba igitero uwo munsi631. Cyakora, Urugereko ntirushira amakenga ubuhamya bwe. Nubwo avuga ko yari Visi-Perezida wInterahamwe zo mu Bugarama632, uyu mutangabuhamya yemera gusa ko yagiye mu gitero cyagabwe kuri CIMERWA ku itariki ya 16 Mata 1994633. Urugereko rutekereza ko uyu mutangabuhamya ashobora kuba yarashatse gupfobya uruhare rwInterahamwe zo mu Bugarama muri rusange kugira ngo apfobye urwo yagize mu bintu byabaye muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu muri Mata 1994.
310.
Umutangabuhamya ushinjura witwa Thobald Gakwaya Rwaka yakoraga muri CIMERWA muri Mata 1994634. Yabonye igitero cyo ku itariki ya 16 Mata, nyuma yaho aza gukora raporo yerekana ko icyo gitero cyahitanye abantu 50635. Umutangabuhamya avuga ko igitero cyabaye ari ku wa gatandatu kandi ko ubwo yageraga kuri CIMERWA saa munani nigice, yasanze kigikomeza636. Yumvise bavuga ko icyo gitero cyagabwe nInterahamwe ziyobowe na Tarek Aziz637. Urugereko rusanga ibyo umutangabuhamya azi ku bantu bagabye icyo gitero bishingiye ku nkuru mbarirano.
630 631
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 17 Nzeri 2009, urup. 2. Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 17 Nzeri 2009, imp.11-12. 632 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 17 Nzeri 2009, urup. 2. 633 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 17 Nzeri 2009, imp.11-12. 634 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 16 Nzeri 2009, urup. 3: Umutangabuhamya avuga ko yakoze muri CIMERWA kuva mu mwaka wa 1992 kugera mu wa 1996. 635 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 16 Nzeri 2009, imp. 19, 28-29. 636 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 16 Nzeri 2009, urup. 19. 637 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 16 Nzeri 2009, urup. 29. 108 CI10-0010K
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311.
Umutangabuhamya ushinja wiswe BWW yahamwe nicyaha cya jenoside yo muri Mata 1994638. Uyu mutangabuhamya avuga ko muri Mata 1994, we nInterahamwe zo mu Bugarama bagabye ibitero bitatu: Igitero kimwe cyagabwe ku ruganda rwa CIMERWA ku itariki ya 16 Mata 1994, naho ibindi bibiri byagabwe nyuma, kimwe kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi ikindi kuri Paruwasi ya Mibilizi639. Nkuko uyu mugabo abivuga, Munyakazi ni we wayoboraga Interahamwe zo mu Bugarama640, kandi yari yungirijwe na Tarek Aziz641.
312.
Hagati ya CIMERWA na santere ya Bugarama hari intera yibirometero umunani642, naho kuva mu Bugarama ujya kuri Paruwasi ya Nyamasheke hakaba intera yibirometero bigera kuri 85643. Urugereko rusanga ibimenyetso bishinja bitavuga ko Munyakazi yagiye mu gitero cyo kuri Paruwasi ya Nyamasheke, ngo nyuma yaho ajye no mu cyagabwe kuri CIMERWA. Ntihanatanzwe kandi ikimenyetso na kimwe kigaragaza ko Interahamwe zo mu Bugarama zarimo amatsinda abiri cyangwa arenzeho ku buryo itsinda rimwe ryashoboraga kugaba igitero kuri CIMERWA mu gihe irindi ririmo gutera kuri Paruwasi ya Nyamasheke.
313.
Urugereko rusanga kandi BWW na ELB bari ibyitso byUregwa kandi bemera ko bari mu mutwe wInterahamwe zo mu Bugarama, bavuga ko bagiye mu gitero cyagabwe kuri CIMERWA. Nta numwe muri bo uvuga ko uwo munsi Interahamwe zo mu Bugarama zagabye ikindi gitero kuri Paruwasi ya Nyamasheke. Porokireri avuga ko Munyakazi yakoranaga nInterahamwe, kandi nkuko biri busobanurwe, yerekanye ko Uregwa yafatanyije na zo kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi no kuri Paruwasi ya Mibilizi. Cyakora, Porokireri ntiyashoboye kwerekana neza impamvu Munyakazi yari kureka iyo mikorere ku birebana nigitero cyagabwe i Nyamasheke.
638 639
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 29 Gicurasi 2009, urup. 6 (iburanisha mu muhezo). Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 29 Gicurasi 2009, imp. 14-15 (iburanisha mu muhezo): Hari urujijo mu buhamya ku byerekeranye nukuntu ibintu byakurikiranye. Umutangabuhamya avuga ko Paruwasi ya Shangi niyo ya mbere Interahamwe zo mu Bugarama zateye bwa mbere mu mpera za Mata. Nyuma avuga ko igitero cyo kuri CIMERWA cyagabwe ku itariki ya 16 Mata, maze akongeraho ko ibitero byagabwe kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi niya Mibilizi byabaye mu mpera zuko kwezi. 640 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 29 Gicurasi 2009, urup. 16 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 641 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 29 Gicurasi 2009, urup. 7 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 642 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 17 Nzeri 2009, urup. 11. 643 Umutangabuhamya ushinja wiswe MM, Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 28 Mata 2009, urup. 3; Munyakazi, Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 15 Ukwakira 2009, urup.33. Avuga ko intera iri hagati yagace yari atuyemo ni Nyamasheke hari intera iri hagati yibirometero 80 na 90. 109 CI10-0010K
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314.
Ibi bituma umuntu yibaza ibibazo bibiri bikurikira: 1) Ni iyihe mpamvu Munyakazi yari kujya mu gitero cyagabwe kuri Paruwasi ya Nyamasheke, kandi hari kure yo mu Bugarama, mu gihe Interahamwe zo mu Bugarama zagabaga igitero kuri CIMERWA yegeranye cyane na Bugarama?; 2) Munyakazi yaba yarafatanyije na nde kugaba igitero kuri Paruwasi ya Nyamasheke, kuko bigaragara ko uwo munsi zimwe mu Nterahamwe zo mu Bugarama cyangwa zose, zari mu gitero cyagabwe kuri CIMERWA?
315.
Nubwo Urugereko rwasanze abo batangabuhamya bashinja bombi bwakwizerwa, mu gusuzuma ibimenyetso, Urugereko rugomba kuzirikana ko muri Mata 1994, kuri Paruwasi ya Nyamasheke hari akaduruvayo, ku buryo Abatangabuhamya bashobora kuba baribeshye ku byerekeranye namatariki nandi makuru. Umwanzuro wUrugereko
316.
Rumaze gusuzuma ubuhamya bwose uko bwakabaye, ndetse nibibazo bitasubijwe ku gitero cyagabwe kuri CIMERWA, nubuhamya bushinjura buvuga ko ku itariki ya 16 Mata 1994 nta gitero cyagabwe kuri Paruwasi ya Nyamasheke, Urugereko rufite impamvu zo gushidikanya ku byerekeranye nuruhare rwa Munyakazi mu gitero cyagabwe i Nyamasheke. Kubera iyo mpamvu, Porokireri ntiyabashije kugaragaza, ku buryo budashidikanywaho, ko Yussuf Munyakazi yagiye mu gitero cyagabwe kuri Paruwasi ya Nyamasheke ku itariki ya 16 Mata 1994, nkuko bivugwa mu Nyandiko yibirego. 8. IGITERO CYAGABWE KURI PARUWASI YA SHANGI ku itariki ya 29 Mata 1994
317.
110 CI10-0010K
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318.
Porokireri ashingira ku buhamya bwabagabo biswe BWQ, BWR, BWU, BWW, MP na MM644.
319.
Nubwo budahakana ko kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi hagabwe igitero itariki ya 29 Mata 1994, Ubwunganizi buvuga ko Munyakazi atigeze akijyamo. Ubwunganizi bushingira ku myiregurire ya sinari mpari ya Munyakazi, no ku buhamya bwa ELB, YCI, na Faustin Ntakirutimana645.
Ibimenyetso Umutangabuhamya ushinja wiswe BWQ 320. BWQ ni Umututsi wumuhinzi wari utuye muri Segiteri ya Shangi muri Mata 1994646 kandi wari umuyoboke wa MRND647. Mu mwaka wa 1993, uyu mutangabuhamya yabonye Munyakazi inshuro ebyiri mu nama za politiki muri Komine ya Gafunzo, kandi yongeye kumubona mu mwaka wa 1994 mu gitero cyagabwe kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi. Mu iburanisha, yashoboye kwerekana Yussuf Munyakazi648. 321. Nyuma yihanuka ryindege ya Perezida Habyarimana, Abahutu bavuze ko iyo ndege yahanuwe nAbatutsi. Kugira ngo Abahutu batabihoraho, Abatutsi bahunze ingo zabo ndetse bata nahantu bakoreraga. Umutangabuhamya yahungiye kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi ari kumwe numugore we nabana batatu nindi miryango649. Impunzi za mbere zahageze ku wa gatanu ku itariki ya 7 Mata 1994, kandi agera kuri iyo paruwasi, uwo mutangabuhamya yahasanze impunzi zigera kuri 20650. Bukeye mu gitondo, kuri iyo Paruwasi ya Shangi hari hamaze kugera impunzi zigeze kuri 300 kandi umubare wazo wakomeje kwiyongera ubutitsa651.
644 645
Inyandiko yibirego, igika cya 13; Porokireri Imyanzuro nsozarubanza, ibika 69-77, 130-133, 147-149 Ubwunganizi Imyanzuro nsozarubanza, ibika 73-103, 168-173. 646 Ikimenyetso gihamya cya Porokireri gifite 1 (Inyandiko yumwirondoro); Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 22 Mata 2009, urup. 10 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 647 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 22 Mata 2009, imp. 18-19. 648 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 22 Mata 2009, imp. 11, 17. 649 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 22 Mata 2009, urup. 12. 650 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 22 Mata 2009, urup. 21. 651 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 22 Mata 2009, imp. 12, 21. 111 CI10-0010K
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322.
Hagati yitariki ya 13 niya 29 Mata 1994, kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi hagabwe ibitero byinshi. Ku itariki ya 13 Mata 1994, habaye igitero kinini kiyobowe nuwitwa Pima maze gihitana impunzi zigera ku 2000652. Nubwo atibuka umubare wibitero byagabwe kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi hagati yitariki ya 13 Mata niya 29 Mata, umutangabuhamya avuga ko akenshi ntihashiraga iminsi ibiri hatabaye igitero653.
323.
Ku itariki ya 29 Mata 1994, umutangabuhamya yabonye Munyakazi kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi hagati ya saa cyenda na saa kumi zamanywa. Icyo gihe, Munyakazi yageze kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi ari mu modoka yikamyo yo mu bwoko bwa Daihatsu ifite ibara ryumweru, ari kumwe nInterahamwe zo mu Bugarama zigera kuri 40 kandi zitwaje imbunda. Munyakazi yari yambaye ipantalo nikote rirerire ryageraga ku mavi. Bamwe mu bagabye icyo gitero bari bambaye imyenda isanzwe, abandi bambaye ubusa mu gatuza naho abasigaye bambaye udushami twibiti ku mutwe654.
324.
Munyakazi yaje ari kumwe nabantu babiri bamurindaga kandi yari yitwaje imbunda ngufi655. Icyabwiye uyu mutangabuhamya ko abantu bari kumwe na Munyakazi ari abamurindaga ni uko yagendaga imbere yabo, ndetse bakaba barajyanye na we kwa Mameya656.
325.
Munyakazi yabajije umutangabuhamya icyo we nabandi bantu bakoraga kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi maze umutangabuhamya amusubiza ko bahahungiye. Munyakazi yabwiye uwo mutangabuhamya kubwira izindi mpunzi ngo zinjire mu kiriziya kugira ngo we [Munyakazi] nabantu be bashobore kuzirindira umutekano. Nyuma yaho, Munyakazi yabajije umutangabuhamya aho Mameya ari nuko umutangabuhamya ajyana Munyakazi kwa Mameya arahamusiga asubira ku kiriziya657.
326.
Kubera ko inzugi nini za kiriziya abantu binjiriramo zari zikinze nimfunguzo, umutangabuhamya yinjiye mu kiriziya anyuze mu muryango winyuma. Yasanzemo impunzi zigera ku bihumbi bitanu. Nyuma yaho, umutangabuhamya yumvise urusaku rwamasasu, maze abona impunzi zari mu gikari cya kiriziya zirimo kuraswa amasasu
652 653
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 22 Mata 2009, imp. 13, 21. Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 22 Mata 2009, urup. 22. 654 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 22 Mata 2009, imp. 13-14. 655 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 22 Mata 2009, urup. 27. 656 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 22 Mata 2009, imp. 27-28. 657 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 22 Mata 2009, imp. 14-15. 112 CI10-0010K
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nabantu bambaye udushami twibiti nibyatsi ku mitwe. Munyakazi yari ahagaze iruhande rwurugi mu gihe abantu bari bamurinze barimo kugerageza kurumena658. Umutangabuhamya yashoboye kubona ubwicanyi anyujije amaso mu myenge yo mu rukuta yanyuragamo akayaga 659. 327. Umutangabuhamya yagiye hafi yurugi runini rwa kiriziya abantu binjiriramo maze abona Munyakazi nabantu bamurinze barimo kurasa ku nzugi za kiriziya bakoresheje imbunda. Umutangabuhamya yashoboye kubona Munyakazi mu maso660. Nyuma yaho, yagiye ahagana hagati mu kiriziya661. Abari mu bitero bamennye inzugi zose, kandi Munyakazi yari ahagaze iruhande rwurugi mu gihe abandi bantu bari bagabye icyo gitero bateraga za gerenade662. Umutangabuhamya avuga ko atakomerekejwe na za gerenade kubera ko yari hafi ya alitari663. Icyo gitero cyari cyiyobowe na Munyakazi kandi abaturage bo muri ako gace na bo bari bakirimo664. BWQ avuga ko atabonye Munyakazi ubwe yica umuntu665. 328. Nyuma yaho, abagabye igitero bakubise umutangabuhamya impiri ikwikiyemo imisumari maze ata ubwenge kandi umutangabuhamya yavunitse ibiganza byombi muri icyo gitero. Yagaruye ubwenge mu masaa cyenda zijoro ku itariki ya 30 Mata 1994666 maze yihisha mu biti byamasederi. Nyuma yaho yaje kujya mu kibikira ari naho yavuriwe ibikomere kandi yahavuye ubwo bamujyanaga i Nyarushishi667. 329. Umutangabuhamya ntazi umubare wabantu baguye muri icyo gitero kandi ntiyongeye na rimwe kubona Munyakazi668. Nyuma yigitero cyo ku itariki ya 29 Mata, kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi hagabwe ibindi bitero bito, ariko Munyakazi ntiyari abirimo669.
658 659
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 22 Mata 2009, imp. 14-15. Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 22 Mata 2009, imp. 15, 30-31. 660 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 22 Mata 2009, imp. 30-31. 661 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 22 Mata 2009, urup. 31. 662 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 22 Mata 2009, urup. 33. 663 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 22 Mata 2009, urup. 15. 664 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 22 Mata 2009, imp. 15-16, 22, 32-33. 665 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 22 Mata 2009, urup. 16. 666 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 22 Mata 2009, urup. 16. 667 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 22 Mata 2009, imp. 16, 26, 29, 32-34. 668 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 22 Mata 2009, imp. 16, 32. 669 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 22 Mata 2009, urup. 27. 113 CI10-0010K
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Umutangabuhamya ushinja wiswe BWR 330. BWR ni Umututsi wari utuye muri Komine ya Nyakabuye kandi yakoraga muri CIMERWA mu mwaka wa 1994670. Mbere ya Mata 1994, umutangabuhamya yabonaga Munyakazi iyo yabaga yagiye muri Cit Bugarama671. Igihe umutangabuhamya yakoraga muri CIMERWA, Munyakazi yakundaga kuza ku ruganda, ariko umutangabuhamya ntazi icyabaga kimugenza cyangwa icyo yahakoze672. 331. Umutangabuhamya yajyaga kenshi mu misa kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi kandi hari urugendo rwamaguru rwiminota irindwi uvuye iwe673. Nyuma yurupfu rwa Perezida Habyarimana, muri rusange abantu bumvise bafite umutekano muke maze bituma umutangabuhamya ahunga ako karere kuko yumvaga nta muteka akihafite674. Ku itariki ya 7 Mata 1994, ni bwo mukuru wumutangabuhamya yishwe675. Ku itariki ya 9 Mata, umutangabuhamya yiyemeje guhungira kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi numuryango we676. Ibitero byo kuri Paruwasi byatangiye umutangabuhamya numuryango we ari ho bakihagera677. Byumwihariko, umutangabuhamya yibuka igitero cyagabwe ku itariki ya 14 Mata, kiyobowe nuwitwa Pima. Umutangabuhamya yabwiwe ko Pima yakomokaga muri Komine ya Gafunzo678. 332. Ku itariki ya 29 Mata 1994, kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi hagabwe igitero kinini kiyobowe na Munyakazi679. Icyo gitero kiba, ku kiriziya hari hakoraniye impunzi zigera ku bihumbi bitandatu. Zimwe zari hanze ya kiriziya, izindi mu gipadiri, naho izisigaye ziri mu kiriziya imbere680. Akibona Munyakazi i Shangi, umutangabuhamya yahise yumva ko ubwicanyi bugiye kuba681. Ubwo yari ku muhanda ugana ku biro bya Komine ya Gafunzo, umutangabuhamya yabonye imodoka yumweru itwaye abantu
Ikimenyetso gihamya cya Porokireri gifite P.2 (Inyandiko yumwirondoro); Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 22 Mata 2009, urup. 41 (iburanisha mu muhezo), 47. 671 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 22 Mata 2009, urup. 42. 672 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 22 Mata 2009, urup. 56. 673 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 22 Mata 2009, urup. 43. 674 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 22 Mata 2009, imp.43, 55-56. 675 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 22 Mata 2009, urup. 46. 676 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 22 Mata 2009, imp. 43, 46, 56-57. 677 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 22 Mata 2009, imp. 43-44. 678 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 22 Mata 2009, urup. 44. 679 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 22 Mata 2009, urup. 44. 680 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 22 Mata 2009, imp. 53-54. 681 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 22 Mata 2009, urup. 51 114 CI10-0010K
670
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bambaye amababi ku mutwe. Yabonye Munyakazi asohoka mu modoka, yambaye ikote ariko ntiyibuka ibara ryaryo. Abonye imodoka iza yegera aho hantu, umutangabuhamya yasubiye kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi yiruka agiye kuburira impunzi ko zigiye guterwa682. 333. Igitero cyo ku itariki ya 29 Mata 1994 cyatangiye ahagana saa kumi zamanywa683. Umutangabuhamya yashoboye kubona ibyaberaga hanze ya kiriziya anyujije amaso mu myenge yahitishaga akayaga yari ku nkuta za kiriziya, nko muri santimetero 50 cyangwa 70 uturutse hasi684. 334. Munyakazi yari yitwaje masotera naho Interahamwe zifite amagerenade, impiri zikwikiyemo imisumari, inkota namacumu. Bagose kiriziya maze bafungura inzugi zayo ku ngufu. Munyakazi ni we warashe mbere maze bituma umutangabuhamya yumva ko icyo cyari ikimenyetso cyo gutangiza igitero. Amaze kurasa, Interahamwe zatangiye gutera amagerenade, no kurasa amasasu ku mpunzi zari mu kiriziya. Abagabye igitero baje kwinjira mu kiriziya maze bahorahoza abo barashe batapfuye, bakoresheje intwaro gakondo685. Igitero cyarakomeje kugeza nimugoroba, kandi cyarangiye umutangabuhamya yacanganyukiwe cyane ku buryo atashoboraga kumenya niba hari abandi bakirokotse686. Agereranyije, umutangabuhamya asanga igitero cyagabwe i Shangi cyarahitanye impunzi zigera ku bihumbi bitandatu687. Umutangabuhamya ushinja wiswe BWU 335. BWU ni Umuhutu wari umuhinzi mu mwaka wa 1994 kandi wari utuye muri Segiteri ya Shangi, Komine ya Gafunzo688. Umutangabuhamya yabonye Munyakazi inshuro ebyiri: ubwa mbere yamubonye muri mitingi yabereye kuri Sitade Kamarampaka, muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu, mu mpera zumwaka wa 1993 naho ubwa kabiri amubona kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi ku itariki ya 29 Mata 1994689. Umutangabuhamya
682 683
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 22 Mata 2009, imp. 44, 50-51. Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 22 Mata 2009, urup. 45. 684 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 22 Mata 2009, urup. 55. 685 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 22 Mata 2009, urup. 45. 686 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 22 Mata 2009, imp. 44-45. 687 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 22 Mata 2009, urup. 54. 688 Ikimenyetso gihamya cya Porokireri gifite.13 (Inyandiko yumwirondoro); Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 4 Kamena 2009, urup. 2. 689 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 4 Kamena 2009, imp.9, 21, 22. 115 CI10-0010K
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yemera ko yari mu gitero cyagabwe kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi ku itariki ya 29 Mata 1994, kandi avuga ko muri icyo gitero yafatanyije na Munyakazi, wari umuyobozi wInterahamwe zo mu Bugarama690. 336. Umutangabuhamya avuga ko hagati yitariki ya 12 niya 29 Mata 1994, abaturage bo muri ako gace bagabye ibitero byinshi kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi ariko Abatutsi bari barahahungiye bashobora kurwanya ibitero bya mbere. Byageze aho, abaturage bo muri ako gace babona ko batazashobora bonyine kurwanya Abatutsi bari kuri paruwasi maze bashaka abandi bantu bo kubafasha691. Mbere yigitero cyo ku itariki ya 29 Mata 1994, ubwo yari mu nama yumutekano muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu, tienne Gatamobwa, wari umuyobozi wa CDR muri ako gace, yasabye ko babaha abantu bo kubafasha. Abategetsi basezeranyije Gatamobwa ko bazamworohereza abantu bo kubafasha692. 337. Ku itariki ya 29 Mata 1994, mu masaa cyenda zamanywa, Munyakazi nInterahamwe bageze kuri bariyeri yo kuri santeri ya Bushenge yari irinzwe numutangabuhamya maze bamuyoboza inzira igana kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi693. Munyakazi na Visi-Perezida we bari bayoboye agatsiko kInterahamwe zigera kuri 50 cyangwa 60. Abantu bari kuri iyo bariyeri babwiye Munyakazi ko kuva kuri iyo bariyeri ujya kuri paruwasi hari intera igera nko kuri kilometero imwe. Imodoka yavuye aho hantu igenda gahoro cyane, maze abaturage bo muri ako gace, barimo numutangabuhamya, bayigenda inyuma694. Abaturage bo kuri santeri ya Bushenge babarirwa hagati ya 150 na 200 ni bo bagiye kwifatanya nitsinda ryari rivuye mu Bugarama695. Gatamobwe yageze kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi igitero cyatangiye696. 338. Ubwo bari mu muhanda bajya kuri paruwasi, abagabye igitero bahagaze ahantu hitwa ku irimbi rya Rwagataraka. Munyakazi yabategetse kwambara ibintu bituma umuntu abatandukanya nAbatutsi, maze abagabo batangira kwifureba ibibabi nudushami
690 691
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 4 Kamena 2009, imp. 4-6. Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 4 Kamena 2009, imp. 9, 23, 26. 692 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 4 Kamena 2009, imp. 7, 24. 693 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 4 Kamena 2009, urup. 7. 694 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 4 Kamena 2009, imp. 6-7, 32. 695 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 4 Kamena 2009, imp. 25-26. 696 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 4 Kamena 2009, urup. 27. 116 CI10-0010K
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twibiti697. Munyakazi nitsinda ryInterahamwe zitwaje intwaro bari mu modoka ya Daihatsu yicyatsi kibisi ari nayo yari imbere698. Umwungirije nitsinda rya kabiri ryInterahamwe, barabakurikiye bari mu modoka ya kabiri yari Daihatsu yikigina699. Nyuma yaho, abagabye igitero bigabanyijemo amatsinda abiri. Itsinda rimwe ryateye Paruwasi riturutse imbere aho binjirira ku kiriziya naho irindi rituruka inyuma700. 339. Bageze kuri paruwasi, ayo matsinda yombi yabari bagabye igitero yatangiye kurasa ku mpunzi. Zimwe mu mpunzi zicishijwe amasasu, naho izindi zicishwa imipanga nizindi ntwaro. Kubera ko impunzi zari zashoboye kwifungirana mu kiriziya, Munyakazi yategetse abagabye igitero kujya gushaka amashoka yo kumena inzugi maze bagatsemba izo mpunzi. Abagabye icyo gitero batiye amashoka abiri mu ngo zari hafi ya kiriziya maze bayakoresha mu kumena inzugi ebyiri kuri enye kiriziya yari ifite701. Abari bagabye icyo gitero bakoresheje iminota igera kuri 30 kugira ngo babashe kumena inzugi za kiriziya no kwinjiramo702. 340. Bamaze kumena inzugi za kiriziya, abagabye igitero bageze aho umugore ubyibushye witwaga Petronilla Nyiramuteteri yari, uyu mudamu yarabinginze ngo be kumwica ariko baramubwira bati Saba imbabazi umutware wacu, Yussuf . Ubwo uwo mudamu yagendaga amugana, Munyakazi yamurashishije masotera maze amutsinda aho. Icyo gihe, abandi bantu bari bagabye igitero barimo bica impunzi mu kiriziya. Umutangabuhamya avuga ko ari umwe mu bantu babwiye Petronilla ngo ajye gusaba imbabazi umukuru wabo. Uretse Petronilla, nta wundi umutangabuhamya yabonye Munyakazi yica703. 341. Mbere yuko abo bantu baza kubafasha, abaturage bo muri ako gace ntibari bafite amasasu. Interahamwe zo mu Bugarama zari zifite ibikoresho bihagije, kandi zaje zitwaje intwaro, amagerenade nintwaro zifite ubugi zirenze 150. Kubera ko mu modoka za Munyakazi harimo intwaro, umuntu wese mu bagabye igitero washaka intwaro yajyaga kuyifata muri izo modoka. Umutangabuhamya avuga ko amaze
697 698
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 4 Kamena 2009, imp. 7-8. Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 4 Kamena 2009, urup. 27. 699 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 4 Kamena 2009, imp. 9, 27, 28. 700 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 4 Kamena 2009, imp. 7-8, 32. 701 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 4 Kamena 2009, imp. 8, 24. 702 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 4 Kamena 2009, urup. 32. 703 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 4 Kamena 2009, imp. 8, 31, 32. 117 CI10-0010K
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gushirirwa
namasasu
namagerenade,
yatangiye
gukoresha
umuhoro704.
Umutangabuhamya yishe abantu batanu muri icyo gitero cyo ku itariki ya 29 Mata 1994. Ku itariki ya 30 Mata, igihe barimo bahamba imirambo, abagabaga ibitero bavumbuye abantu bari bihishe aho hantu maze nabo barabica705. Mbere yuko ubwicanyi bwo ku itariki ya 29 Mata butangira, kuri paruwasi hari impunzi zibarirwa hagati ya 8.000 na 12.000706, kandi kuri iyo tariki ya 29 Mata 1994 hishwe impunzi zibarirwa hagati ya 5.000 na 6.000707. 342. Igitero cyatangiye saa cyenda zamanywa kirangira ku mugoroba butangiye kwira708. Munyakazi yari yambaye ikote rirerire nipantaro yumukara. Uwari umwungirije yari yambaye ishati yamaboko maremare nishweta. Interahamwe zari zambaye iniforume idoze mu bitenge709. Igitero kirangiye, Gatamobwa wari umuyobozi wa CDR yavuganye na Munyakazi, hanyuma aha uwungirije Munyakazi amafaranga yo kwakira abagabye igitero710. Umutangabuhamya ushinja wiswe BWW 343. BWW ni Umuhutu wari mu mutwe wInterahamwe zo mu Bugarama mu mwaka wa 1994. Avuga ko yafatanyije cyane cyane na Munyakazi na Tarek Aziz, wabaga mu nzu ya Munyakazi akaba yari anamwungirije mu gukora ibyaha 1994711. 344. Ahagana mu mpera za Mata 1994, Munyakazi yahamagaye Interahamwe zihurira ku kibuga hafi ya koperative maze aziha amabwiriza yo kugaba igitero kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi. Amabwiriza yihariye Munyakazi yahaye Interahamwe yari ayo kutubwira ko tugomba kujyayo tugakora ikitujyanye, aha akaba yarashaka kuvuga kwica
704 705
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 4 Kamena 2009, imp. 28, 29. Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 4 Kamena 2009, urup. 29. 706 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 4 Kamena 2009, urup. 8. 707 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 4 Kamena 2009, urup. 30. 708 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 4 Kamena 2009, urup. 8. 709 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 4 Kamena 2009, imp. 9, 27- 28. 710 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 4 Kamena 2009, imp. 8-9. 711 Ikimenyetso gihamya cya Porokireri cyahawe nomero 12 (Inyandiko yumwirondoro); Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 29 Gicurasi 2009, imp. 6-7, 9, 23-24. 118 CI10-0010K
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Abatutsi. Abagabaga ibitero bageze kuri Paruwasi mu masaa cyenda zamanywa kandi icyo gitero kiyobowe na Munyakazi712. 345. Nubwo atashoboye gutanga ikigereranyo cyumubare wInterahamwe zagiye muri icyo gitero cyi Shangi, umutangabuhamya yumva icyo gitero cyaritabiriwe nInterahamwe zigera ku 120. Izo Nterahamwe zagiyeyo mu modoka ebyiri za Daihatsu kandi abantu benshi muri zo bari bafite intwaro. BWW yari yitwaje umuhoro nimpiri gusa kubera ko imbunda namagerenade byari byahawe abandi bantu713. Bageze i Shangi, Interahamwe zagose paruwasi maze zurira urugo rwari ruyikijije. Uwo munsi Munyakazi yari yambaye ikositimu yumukara ninkweto bita Safari kandi yari yitwaje masotera714. 346. Kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi, Munyakazi yakuye Abatutsi icyenda mu bandi, abashyira ku murongo ku rukuta maze arabarasa. Ibi byabaye igitero kiri hafi kurangira, gihe umutangabuhamya yarimo kuruhuka715. Uwo munsi, umutangabuhamya yishe Abatutsi 20716. Umutangabuhamya avuga ko agereranyije kwica Abatutsi byamaze igihe kiri hagati yamasaha abiri natatu717, kandi igitero cyarangiye ahagana saa kumi nebyiri nigice zumugoroba718. Avuga ko uwo munsi hishwe Abatutsi bagera kuri 50.000719. Nyuma yigitero, Interahamwe zuriye imodoka zari zajemo maze zijya kwa Munyakazi zigezeyo zirarya720. Umutangabuhamya ushinja wiswe MP 347. MP ni Umuhutu kandi yagiye kuri Paruwasi ya Mibilizi ku itariki ya 7 Mata 1994, aho avuga ko, agereranyije, hari impunzi zigera ku bihumbi bitanu721. Ku itariki ya 30 Mata 1994, umwe muri bagenzi be yaterefonnye kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi ngo abaze amakuru yaho maze bamubwira ko Munyakazi nInterahamwe bari baraye bagabye
712 713
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 29 Gicurasi 2009, imp. 16-17 (iburanisha mu muhezo). Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 29 Gicurasi 2009, imp. 15-17 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 714 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 29 Gicurasi 2009, imp. 17-18 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 715 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 29 Gicurasi 2009, imp. 18, 34 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 716 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 29 Gicurasi 2009, urup. 18 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 717 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 29 Gicurasi 2009, urup. 32 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 718 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 29 Gicurasi 2009, urup. 18 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 719 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 29 Gicurasi 2009, imp. 17, 32 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 720 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 29 Gicurasi 2009, urup. 19 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 721 Ikimenyetso gihamya cya Porokireri gifite 7 (Inyandiko yumwirondoro); Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 27 Mata 2009, imp. 43-44, 45, 46 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 119 CI10-0010K
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igitero kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi. Ashingiye kuri iyo nkuru no ku yandi makuru yose, umutangabuhamya yumvise ko Munyakazi ari na we wayoboye igitero cyagabwe nyuma kuri Paruwasi ya Mibilizi ku itariki ya 30 Mata 1994722. Umutangabuhamya ushinja wiswe MM 348. MM ni Umututsi wari kuri Paruwasi ya Mibilizi ku itariki ya 30 Mata 1994. Yitabye telefoni yaburiraga abantu bari kuri Paruwasi ya Mibilizi ko Munyakazi yari mu nzira agana i Mibilizi kwica Abatutsi, kandi ko yari yishe Abatutsi kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi723. Yussuf Munyakazi 349. Inshuti ya Munyakazi yitwa Emedeyo Kabungo yishwe ku itariki ya 27 Mata 1994. Ku itariki ya 29 Mata 1994, Munyakazi nabaturanyi be bakoraniye mu rugo rwa nyakwigendera kugira ngo bamushyingure kandi ikiriyo cyamaze iminsi itatu724. Munyakazi ahakana ibivugwa ko yagiye kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi ku itariki ya 29 Mata 1994725.
Umutangabuhamya ushinjura witwa Faustin Ntakirutimana 350. Faustin Ntakirutimana ni Umuhutu wari umwarimu kandi yari atuye muri Komine ya Gafunzo mu mwaka wa 1994726. Yari Perezida wishami ryurubyiruko rwishyaka rya MDR muri Komine ya Gafunzo, akaba kandi yari numunyamabanga wiryo shyaka727. Mu mwaka wa 1994, umutangabuhamya yari azi Munyakazi kandi Uregwa yari umuyoboke wishyaka rya MRND728.
722 723
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 27 Mata 2009, imp. 48-49. Ikimenyetso gihamya cya Porokireri cyahawe nomero 9 (Inyandiko yumwirondoro); Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 27 Mata 2009, imp. 58-59, 62. 724 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 15 Ukwakira 2009, imp. 1-3. 725 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 15 Ukwakira 2009, imp. 4-5. 726 Ikimenyetso gihamya cyUbwunganizi cyahawe nomero 14 (Inyandiko yumwirondoro); Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 2 Nzeri 2009, urup. 37. 727 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha,2 Nzeri 2009, urup. 37. 728 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha,2 Nzeri 2009, urup. 37. 120 CI10-0010K
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351.
Muri Mata 1994, umutangabuhamya ntiyagiye kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi ariko yumvise abantu bavuga ko babonye Abatutsi bahungira kuri iyo paruwasi729. Yari azi Pima neza kubera ko yari umuturanyi we wa hafi. Umutangabuhamya ntiyari mu itsinda riyobowe na Pima, kandi yumva Pima na Munyakazi ntaho bari bahuriye730. Umutangabuhamya yumvise abantu bavuga ko Pima, wahoze ari umusirikare, yahatiye abaturage bo muri ako gace kujyana na we mu gitero cyagabwe kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi731. Icyo gitero cyari kigizwe cyane cyane nurubyiruko rwo muri ako gace, nabantu bari barasezerewe mu gisirikare. Iyo bamaraga gutera kuri paruwasi, bagarukaga bigamba ko barashe ku mpunzi. Umutangabuhamya yumvise bavuga ko habaye ibitero bibiri, kimwe cyabaye hagati yitariki ya 15 niya 20 Mata 1994 naho ikindi cyiba ahagana ku itariki ya 29 cyangwa iya 30 Mata 1994732.
352.
Umutangabuhamya yumvise abari bavuye mu gitero cya kabiri bavuga ko barashe ku mpunzi zari kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi. Nubwo hari impunzi zimwe na zimwe zashoboye gucika, Umutangabuhamya yiyumvishaga ko icyo gitero cyari gikaze733.
353.
Nyuma ya jenoside yo mu wa 1994, umutangabuhamya yakurikiraniye hafi imanza Gacaca mu gace ke kandi aganira na bamwe muri bagenzi be barokotse ibitero byi Shangi. Bose bamubwiye ko ibyo bitero byari biyobowe na Pima. Nta hantu na hamwe Munyakazi yigeze avugwa haba mu manza cyangwa se muri raporo zakozwe734. Umutangabuhamya ntiyigeze na rimwe yumva bavuga ko Interahamwe zo mu Bugarama zaje gufasha itsinda rya Pima735.
Umutangabuhamya ushinjura wiswe YCI 354. YCI ni Umuhutu wari umuhinzi mu mwaka wa 1994. Yari atuye muri Segiteri ya Shangi, Komine ya Gafunzo, kandi umugore we yari Umututsikazi736. Iyo yajyaga mu
729 730
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha,2 Nzeri 2009, urup. 40. Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha,2 Nzeri 2009, urup. 43. 731 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha,2 Nzeri 2009, urup. 41. 732 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha,2 Nzeri 2009, imp. 41- 42. 733 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha,2 Nzeri 2009, imp. 41-42. 734 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 2 Nzeri 2009, imp. 43-44. 735 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 2 Nzeri 2009, imp. 42, 45. 736 Ikimenyetso gihamya cyUbwunganizi cyahawe nomero 16 (Inyandiko yumwimerere bwite); Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 7 Nzeri 2009, urup. 3 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 121 CI10-0010K
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Bugarama kugura ibiribwa, buri gihe yabonaga Munyakazi737. Yari azi Uregwa nka Munyakazi wumuyisilamu 738. 355. Umutangabuhamya yumvise ijambo Interahamwe rikoreshwa, ariko ntiyigeze abona abantu bitwaga Interahamwe nubwo bwose yari umuyoboke wa MRND. Nyuma ya jenoside ni bwo gusa yamenye ko Interahamwe ari zo zagabye igitero kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi, kandi ko abagabye icyo gitero bari abaturanyi be739. 356. Umutangabuhamya avuga ko muri Mata 1994, abantu bo mu muryango wumugore we bahungiye iwe. Kubera ko yari afite ubwoba ko iwe haterwa, ku itariki ya 11 niya 12 yohereje abantu bo mu muryango wumugore bigitsina gabo kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi ngo bahahungire. Mu rugo iwe hasigaye abagore gusa kubera ko icyo gihe abari mu bitero batahigaga abagore740. Umutangabuhamya yagemuriraga abantu bo mu muryango wumugore we kuri paruwasi kabiri mu cyumweru741. 357. Muri Mata 1994, kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi hari impunzi zibarirwa hagati ya 3.500 na 4.000742. Muri Mata, Thodore Munyangabe wari Superefe wa Perefegitura na Padiri Mategeko bagiye kuri paruwasi bahakura impunzi 40 kandi icyo gihe umutangabuhamya yari kuri paruwasi. Nta bikorwa byo guhungabanya ubuzima bwabantu byabaye ku itariki ya 13 Mata 1994, habaye ubusahuzi743. Nta nama yigeze ibera ku irimbi rya Rwagataraka, kandi umutangabuhamya ntiyigeze abona Uregwa aho hantu. Ubusanzwe, inama zaberaga ku kibuga cyumupira wamaguru744. 358. Igitero kinini cyagabwe kuri paruwasi ku itariki ya 28 cyangwa iya 29 Mata 1994. Abagabye igitero baturutse mu duce twegeranye naho umutangabuhamya yari atuye, hafi yibiro bya komine. Umutangabuhamya, hamwe nabandi bantu bari bafite abagore bAbatutsikazi, bakurikiraga abagabye ibitero kugira ngo bamenye ibyabaga745. Igitero cyatangiye ahagana saa kumi zamanywa kandi abakigabye bari
737 738
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 7 Nzeri 2009, urup. 5. Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 7 Nzeri 2009, imp. 10, 12. 739 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha,7 Nzeri 2009, urup. 18. 740 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 7 Nzeri 2009, urup. 7. 741 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 7 Nzeri 2009, urup. 8. 742 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 7 Nzeri 2009, urup. 15. 743 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 7 Nzeri 2009, urup. 8. 744 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 7 Nzeri 2009, urup. 10. 745 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 7 Nzeri 2009, imp. 8-9, 20. 122 CI10-0010K
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bafite imbunda, amagerenade nibikoresho gakondo byumuzika. Abagabye igitero baje namaguru, kandi bari benshi cyane ku buryo imodoka zitashoboraga kubona aho zinyura mu muhanda746. 359. Umutangabuhamya yashoboye kumenya amatsinda atatu yabari bagabye igitero: itsinda rinini ryari rigizwe nabantu bagera kuri 500 baturutse muri Komine ya Gafunzo kandi bayobowe na Pima, wari witwaje gerenade nimbunda; itsinda rya kabiri ryari rigizwe nabantu bagera kuri 300 baturutse muri Segiteri ya Mwito, bitwaje intwaro za gakondo ningoma; itsinda rya gatatu ryari rigizwe nabantu bagera kuri 200 baturutse mu Bushenge, bitwaje imihoro nimpiri747. 360. Umutangabuhamya yagiye kwihisha amaze kumva amafirimbi nimirishyo yingoma bitangiye kuvuga. Cyakora, ubwo yumvaga urusaku rwamasasu nurwibintu byaturikaga, yegereye abagabye igitero kugira ngo arebe ibirimo kuba, hanyuma arongera ajya kwihisha748. Yashoboye kubona Pima, wari uyoboye icyo gitero, afite inkota, abona numugabo witwa Mahembe afite imbunda kandi arimo kurundanya abantu, nundi mugabo witwa Miranzi wari urimo gutera gerenade ku mbaga yabahigwaga. Ahagana saa moya zijoro, umutangabuhamya yabonye abagabye igitero bava aho hantu bafite imifuka nimashini zidoda, maze ahita yumva ko igitero cyari kirangiye749. 361. Bukeye mu gitondo, umutangabuhamya nabandi bantu bari bafite bene wabo bAbatutsi bajyanye na konseye, burugumesitiri nabapolisi ba Komine kuri paruwasi. Burugumesitiri yabohereje kujya gufasha impunzi zari zarokotse bakazimurira ahandi750. Umutangabuhamya ntiyigeze yumva hari umuntu uvuga izina rya Munyakazi ku byerekeranye nicyo gitero. Paruwasi yari kure ya Bugarama751.
746 747
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 7 Nzeri 2009, urup. 9. Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 7 Nzeri 2009, imp. 9, 20. 748 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 7 Nzeri 2009, imp. 10-11. 749 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 7 Nzeri 2009, urup. 11. 750 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 7 Nzeri 2009, urup. 12. 751 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 7 Nzeri 2009, urup. 9. 123 CI10-0010K
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Umutangabuhamya ushinjura wiswe ELB 362. ELB ni Umuhutu, akaba yari mu mutwe wInterahamwe zo mu Bugarama mu mwaka wa 1994. Yari Visi-Perezida wInterahamwe ku rwego rwa komine naho Tarek Aziz akaba Perezida752. Umutangabuhamya ntazi ko hari igitero cyagabwe kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi kandi nta nicyo yagiyemo753. Avuga ko nta cyaha yakoranye na Munyakazi754. Isesengura ryUrugereko Uruhare rwa Munyakazi mu byabaye kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi 363. Urugereko rwumvise ubuhamya bwabagabo bane bashinja bari kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi ku itariki ya 29 Mata 1994. Babiri muri bo bari mu bahigwaga naho abandi babiri bari mu gitero kandi bose bemeza ko Munyakazi yari ahari. Hari abandi batangabuhamya babiri bashinja bavuga ku ruhare rwa Munyakazi muri icyo gitero, ariko imvugo zabo zishingiye ku nkuru mbarirano. Ubwunganizi ntibuhakana ko ku itariki ya 29 Mata 1994 kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi hagabwe igitero cyahitanye Abatutsi benshi cyane bari bahahungiye. Abatangabuhamya bashinjura batatu, barimo umwe wabonye igice kimwe cyibyabaye, bahakana ko Munyakazi yagize uruhare muri icyo gitero. Imyiregurire ya Munyakazi ivuga ko uwo munsi atari aho icyaha cyakorewe igihe cyakorwaga yasuzumwe haruguru (reba Umutwe II.2). 364. Abatangabuhamya bane bashinja kandi biboneye ibyabaye ari bo BWW, BWU, BWQ na BWR, bose basobanura mu buryo burambuye ibyo biboneye bakanumva, kandi bavuga bimwe ku bintu byinshi byabaye. Abo batangabuhamya bose bemeza ko ubwicanyi bwabereye kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi ku itariki ya 29 Mata 1994 bwatangiye hagati ya saa cyenda na saa kumi zamanywa kandi ko bwarangiye ijoro riguye. Bose bavuga ko Munyakazi yari ahari kandi ko yari kumwe nInterahamwe; ko yari yambaye ikote rirerire kandi yitwaje imbunda; ko muri ubwo bwicanyi, abagabye
752
Ikimenyetso gihamya cyUbwunganizi cyahawe nomero 27 (Inyandiko yumwirondoro); Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 17 Nzeri 2009, imp. 1- 2. 753 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 17 Nzeri 2009, urup. 12. 754 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 17 Nzeri 2009, imp. 20, 25. Ibimenyetso gihamya bya Porokireri byahawe nomero 19A, 20A, and 21A (Inyandikomvugo yubuhamya ELB yahaye abategetsi bu Rwanda) 124 CI10-0010K
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igitero babanje gukoresha imbunda maze bwajya kurangira bagakoresha intwaro gakondo. Bongeraho ko muri icyo gitero hishwe Abatutsi babarirwa mu bihumbi755. 365. Abatangabuhamya bashinja biswe BWR na BWQ bombi bari bahungiye kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi kandi barokotse icyo gitero. Nubwo rushidikanya ko BWQ yaba yarashoboye kugendagenda hafi ya kiliziya mu buryo abivuga756, Urugereko rusanga ubuhamya bwe bwakwizerwa muri rusange. Rusanga kandi nubuhamya bwa BWR na bwo bwakwizerwa. BWQ avuga ko Munyakazi yagize uruhare rukomeye muri icyo gitero. Byumwihariko, avuga ko abagabye igitero bahageze, Munyakazi yayoboye abantu bagiye kwa Mameya. Munyakazi yashutse impunzi atuma zizera ko we nabantu be batari bazanywe no kuzica, ko ahubwo bari bazanywe no kuzirinda. Byongeye kandi, ni we wahagarikiye igikorwa cyo kumena inzugi za kiriziya, kandi ari zo zari zisigaye mu byabambiraga abagabye igitero kugira ngo batagera ku mpunzi757. Ibivugwa kuri iki kibazo bishimangirwa, kuri bimwe, na BWR wemeza ko abagabye igitero bafunguye inzugi ku ngufu, kandi ko babikora Munyakazi yari ahagararanye na bo. BWR avuga kandi ko Munyakazi yarashe isasu mu kiliziya kandi ko [umutangabuhamya] yumvise ari ikimenyetso cyo gutangiza igitero758. Aba batangabuhamya bavuga ko Munyakazi atari indorerezi gusa kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi ko ahubwo yari ayoboye igitero cyahagabwe. 366. Urugereko ruributsa ko BWU yari icyitso cyUregwa, kandi ko ibyo yavuze mbere mu buhamya bwanditse no mu bwemeracyaha bwe birimo uguhuzagurika759. Urugereko ntirushira rero amakenga ubuhamya bwe. Kubera iyo mpamvu, muri rusange Urugereko rurashingira ku buhamya bwe mu gihe gusa bufite ubundi bubushimangira. Umutangabuhamya yari mu bagabye igitero kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi ku itariki ya 29 Mata 1994. Avuga ko Munyakazi yategetse abagabye igitero kwambara ibintu bituma bashobora gutandukanywa nAbatutsi, hanyuma bicamo amatsinda abiri, rimwe ritera kiriziya riturutse imbere naho irindi riyitera riturutse
Reba incamake yubuhamya bwa BWW, BWR, BWQ na BWU. Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 22 Mata 2009, urup. 32. 757 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 22 Mata 2009, imp. 14-15. 758 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 22 Mata 2009, urup. 45. 759 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 4 Kamena 2009, imp. 14-18. Umutangabuhamya ntavuga Munyakazi mu bwirege bwe bwo mu mwaka wa 2005. Ahubwo mu buhamya bwanditse yahaye abapererezi ba TPIR ku itariki ya 27 Nzeri 2007 ni ho avuga ko yabikoze. Ikimenyetso gihamya cyUbwunganizi cyahawe nomero 4A, Inyandikomvugo yUbwirege bwa BWU; Ikimenyetso gihamya cyUbwunganizi cyahawe nomero 5A, ubuhamya bwanditse bwa BWU bwo ku itariki ya 27 Nzeri 2007. 125 CI10-0010K
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inyuma760. BWR yemeza ko abenshi mu bari bagabye icyo gitero bari bambaye udushami twibiti nibibabi, kandi ko bahageze bagose kiriziya761. BWQ na we avuga ko abagabye igitero bari bambaye amashami yibiti, kandi ko barasaga amasasu ku mpunzi bamwe bari imbere ya kiriziya abandi bari inyuma yayo762. Byongeye kandi, BWU avuga ko Munyakazi yategetse abagabye igitero kumena inzugi za kiriziya763, naho BWQ akavuga ko Interahamwe zitangira kumena inzugi Munyakazi yari ahari764. 367. Nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, biragaragara ko umutangabuhamya ushinja wiswe BWW wari icyitso cyUregwa, akunda gukabya imibare, kandi hari aho usanga yivuguruza mu buhamya bwe. Kubera iyo mpamvu, Urugereko rwashingira ku buhamya bwa BWW mu gihe gusa haba hari ubundi bubushimangira. Mu myanzuro nsozarubanza mu magambo, Ubwunganizi bwavuze ko BWW yahakanye ubundi buhamya bushinja Munyakazi kuba yarategetse Interahamwe kumena inzugi za kiriziya765. Cyakora, rumaze gusuzuma dosiye, Urugereko rusanga ubuhamya bwa BWW bwerekeranye namabwiriza Munyakazi yatanze ku birebana nuruzitiro rwa Paruwasi. Ubwo buhamya ntibwerekeranye ninzugi za kiriziya. Urugereko rusanze ubuhamya bwa BWW, BWU na BWQ butavuguruzanya766. 368. Urugereko rusanze BWQ na BWR bombi bavuga ko igitero cyagabwe i Shangi cyari kiyobowe na Munyakazi767. Cyakora kubera ko bahigwaga muri ako kaduruvayo kabereye aho hantu hakorewe ibyaha, ntibashobora kuvuga ibyo bintu neza kurusha abantu bagiye mu gitero. Kuri iyi ngingo, Urugereko rusanga BWU na BWW, bari muri icyo gitero, bemeza bombi ko icyo gitero cyari kiyobowe na Munyakazi. Abagabo bashinja biswe MP na MM batanze ubuhamya bushingiye gusa ku nkuru mbarirano. Byongeye kandi, ibyo bavuga ko Munyakazi yagize uruhare mu byabereye i Shangi babikomora hamwe. Cyakora, ubuhamya bwabo bushyigikira ubwabagabo bari mu gitero nubwabahigwaga bari i Shangi ku itariki ya 29 Mata 1994 kandi bemeza ko icyo gitero cyayobowe na Munyakazi.
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 4 Kamena 2009, urup. 7-8, 32. Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 22 Mata 2009, imp. 44-45. 762 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 22 Mata 2009, imp. 14-15. 763 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 4 Kamena 2009, imp. 8, 24. 764 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 22 Mata 1994 imp. 14-15, 30-31. 765 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 28 Mutarama 2010 imp. 23-24. 766 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 29 Gicurasi 2009, urup. 17(iburanisha mu muhezo). 767 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 22 Mata 2009, urup. 51; Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 22 Mata 2009, imp. 14, 28-29 126 CI10-0010K
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369.
Urugereko rusanga abatangabuhamya batavuguruzanya cyane ku byerekeye umubare wimpunzi namabara yimodoka zabagabye igitero. Byongeye kandi uko kuvuguruzanya gushobora kuba kwaratewe nigihe gishize ibintu bibaye ndetse nakaduruvayo kari ahantu byabereye.
370.
Porokireri yanyomoje Munyakazi yifashishije ubuhamya bwatanzwe mu rubanza rwa Ntagerura, aho Thodore Munyangabe wari Superefe wa Perefegitura ya Cyangugu yemeje ko ku itariki ya 28 cyangwa iya 29 Mata 1994, Munyakazi yagabye igitero kinini kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi kigahitana benshi mu bantu bari bahahungiye. Munyakazi yarwanyije ubuhamya bwa superefe kuri iyo ngingo, avuga ko ku itariki ya 29 Mata 1994 nta kindi kintu yakoze uretse kurokora Abatutsi768. Munyakazi yongeyeho ko atazi Munyangabe769. Alibi ya Munyakazi yasuzumwe haruguru (reba Umutwe II.2).
371.
Ku byerekeranye nabandi batangabuhamya bashinjura, mbere na mbere Urugereko rusanga ELB yari icyitso cyUregwa, bityo rukaba rudashira amakenga ubuhamya bwe. ELB avuga ko atazi ko i Shangi hagabwe igitero ku itariki ya 29 Mata kandi ko atakigiyemo, ariko ntavuga mu buryo bweruye ko icyo gitero kitabayeho770. Ibi binyomozwa na BWU wemeza ko ELB yari mu bagabye igitero771. Nubwo atari ngombwa ko rwemeza niba ELB yaragiye cyangwa ataragiye muri icyo gitero, Urugereko rusanga ELB ashobora kuba yarahimbye ubuhamya bwe agamije gupfobya uruhare yagize mu byabaye muri Mata 1994. Kubera iyo mpamvu, Urugereko nta gaciro kanini ruha ubuhamya bwe ku byerekeranye nibyabereye kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi.
372.
Urugereko rusanga ubuhamya bwumugabo ushinjura witwa Faustin Ntakirutimana budahuzagurika kandi bwakwizerwa. Cyakora rusanga na none ubwo buhamya bwose bushingiye ku nkuru mbarirano. Ibyo avuga ko yumvise bavuga ko Pima nabaturage bi Shangi bagabye igitero kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi ntibiviguruza ubuhamya bushinja
768
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha,15 Ukwakira 2009, imp. 30-32, 51; Ikimenyetso gihamya cya Porokireri cyahawe nomero 24: Porokireri aburana na Ntagerura, inyandikomvugo yiburanisha ryo ku itariki ya 24 Werurwe 2003; nikimenyetso gihamya cya Porokireri cyahawe nomero 25: urubanza rwa Ntagerura mu rwiremezo, igika cya 482. 769 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha,15 Ukwakira 2009, imp. 30, 52. 770 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 17 Nzeri 2009, urup. 12. 771 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 4 Kamena 2009, imp. 9, 27-28. 127 CI10-0010K
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buvuga ko Munyakazi nInterahamwe zo mu Bugarama bagiye i Shangi gufasha abagabaga ibitero bo muri ako gace. Nubwo atigeze abazwa niba Munyakazi yaragize uruhare muri icyo gitero, umutangabuhamya yumva Munyakazi atarakigizemo uruhare kubera ko i Shangi ari kure cyane yo mu Bugarama772. Kuba nyuma yintambara atarigeze yumva bagenzi be bari i Shangi bashyira mu majwi Munyakazi cyangwa se ngo yumve hari uvuga izina rya Munyakazi mu manza Gacaca, ntibivuga ko Munyakazi atari aho hantu. Kubera ko abatangabuhamya bose bemeza ko igitero cyo ku itariki ya 29 Mata 1994 cyagabwe nabantu benshi cyane, birashoboka ko abahaye Ntakirutimana amakuru batamenye ko Munyakazi yari aho hantu. 373. Umutangabuhamya ushinjura wiswe YCI ntatanga ubuhamya busobanutse neza ku byerekeranye nibice yabonye byigitero cyagabwe kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi. Ubwa mbere avuga ko yagiye kureba abagabye igitero kubera ko hari Abatutsi bo mu muryango we bari mu makuba, ariko nyuma akagaruka kubera ko yatinyaga abagabaga ibitero. Nubwo bwose rusanga ibyo avuga bishobora kuba ariko byagenze, Urugereko rusanga uyu mutangabuhamya atari ahantu hashoboraga gutuma abona ibintu byose byabaye. 374. Urugereko rusanga kandi YCI ashimangira ko nta nama zabereye ku irimbi rya Rwagataraka. Ntibyumvikana ukuntu ashobora kwemeza ibintu nta shiti kuri iyi ngingo, kandi atari mu bantu bagabye igitero kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi. Byongeye kandi, ashimangira ko ku itariki ya 29 Mata 1994 ku muhanda ugana i Shangi hari abagabye igitero benshi cyane ku buryo imodoka zitashoboraga kubona aho zinyura. Na none Urugereko ntirushira amakenga uburyo yemeza ibi bintu nta shiti kandi yivugiye ko abagabye igitero bagiye kuri Paruwasi babarirwaga mu magana. Nubwo umutangabuhamya avuga ko yabonye bwa mbere abagabye igitero ubwo banyuraga hafi yiwe, ntasobanura neza ahantu yari igihe yakurikiraga abagabye igitero. Avuga ko Pima yari ayoboye abagabye igitero kubera ko yabonye Pima afite inkota ndetse agashingira no kubyo yumvise abaturage bo muri ako gace bavuga ku bikorwa bya Pima i Shangi. Nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, kuba Pima yari aho hantu no kuba
772
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ashobora kuba yarayoboye abagabye igitero cyo ku itariki ya 29 Mata 1994 ntibivuguruzanya nibivugwa na Porokireri. 375. Byongeye kandi, kuba YCI avuga ko atari azi ko muri Mata 1994 hariho umutwe wInterahamwe kandi yari umuyoboke wishyaka rya MRND, bituma Urugereko rudashira amakenga ubuhamya bwe. Urugereko ntirwemera ko uyu mutangabuhamya yashoboraga kumenya niba Munyakazi yari ari kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi ku itariki ya 29 Mata 1994. 376. Mu gusoza, Urugereko rwemera nta gushidikanya, ko Munyakazi yagabye igitero kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi ku itariki ya 29 Mata 1994. Rumaze gusuzuma ibimenyetso byose, Urugereko ruributsa ko Porokireri yahamagaje abatangabuhamya batandatu, bazi ibintu mu buryo burambuye, bose bakaba bemeza ko Munyakazi yayoboye abagabye icyo gitero. Byongeye kandi, bane muri abo bagabo batanze ubuhamya burambuye ku byo biboneye kandi biyumviye, bavuga ukuntu Munyakazi yayoboye igitero kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi. Urugereko rusanga aba batangabuhamya bakwizerwa. Aho Urugereko rutashize amakenga ubuhamya bumwe bushinja, ibyo bavuze ku ruhare rwa Munyakazi mu kuyobora igitero byagiye bishyigikirwa nabandi batangabuhamya. Urugereko rusanga kandi ibimenyetso bishinjura bitatuma rushidikanya ko Munyakazi yagabye igitero kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi. Kubera impamvu zavuzwe harugu (reba Umutwe II.2), Urugereko ntirwemera imyiregurire ivuga ko atari aho icyaha cyakorewe igihe cyakorwaga. Byongeye kandi, ubuhamya bwatanzwe numugabo ushinjura witwa Ntakirutimana bushingiye bwose ku nkuru mbarirano. Ubuhamya umugabo ushinjura wiswe YCI yatanze bwerekeye gusa ibintu bimwe byabaye muri icyo gitero yiboneye, kubera ko yivugira ko mu gice kimwe cyicyo gitero yari yihishe ndetse nibyo avuga kuri icyo gitero ntibifite ubundi buhamya bubishyigikira. Mu gusoza kuri iyi ngingo, ku byerekeye ibyo ELB avuga ko atigeze na rimwe yumva abantu bavuga ibyigitero cyo kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi, Urugereko rusanga ubwo buhamya bwe buvuguruzwa nubundi rwakiriye.
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Ikibazo cyo kumenya niba muri icyo gitero Munyakazi ubwe yararashe akica abasiviri bAbatutsi 377. Umutangabuhamya ushinja wiswe BWU avuga ko Interahamwe zimaze gufungura ku ngufu imiryango ya kiriziya ya Shangi, umugore witwa Petronilla Nyiramuteteri yasabye Munyakazi imbabazi ngo ye kwicwa ariko Munyakazi aramurasa arapfa773. Mbere na mbere, Urugereko rusanga izina ryuyu nyakwigendera ritavugwa haba mu Nyandiko yibirego cyangwa mu Myanzuro mbanzirizarubanza yanditse ya Porokireri. BWU, wari icyitso cyUregwa, ni we mutangabuhamya wenyine uvuga ibi bintu. Abatangabuhamya biswe BWR na BWQ bavuga ko bari hafi yurugi ubwo abagabye igitero barumenaga maze bakongeraho ko icyo gihe bahabonye Munyakazi, ariko ntibavuga iyicwa ryuriya mudamu774. Kubera rero ko ubuhamya bwa BWU budafite ubundi bubushyigikira, Urugereko rusanga Porokireri ataragaragaje ku buryo budashidikanywaho ko Munyakazi yarashe akica umugore witwa Petronilla Nyiramuteteri ku itariki ya 29 Mata 1994, kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi. 378. Umutangabuhamya ushinja wiswe BWW avuga ko ubwicanyi bwenda kurangira, Munyakazi ubwe yatoranyije impunzi icyenda mu mbaga yabantu maze akazirasa775. Ibi bintu ntibivugwa na BWU, nyamara na we yari mu bagabye igitero, cyangwa ngo bivugwe nabandi batangabuhamya bashinja. Urugereko rwarangije kwemeza ko rudashobora gufata umwanzuro rushingiye ku buhamya bwa BWW budafite ubundi bubushyigikira. 379. Kubera iyo mpamvu, Urugereko rusanga Porokireri ataragaragaje, ku buryo budashidikanywaho, ko Munyakazi ubwe yarashe akica abasiviri bAbatutsi kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi, ku itariki ya 29 Mata 1994.
Umwanzuro wUrugereko 380. Porokireri yagaragaje, ku buryo budashidikanywaho, ko ukurikije uko ibintu byari byifashe, Munyakazi ari we wari uyoboye igitero cyagabwe kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi
773 774
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 4 Kamena 2009, imp. 8,31-32 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 22 Mata 2009, imp. 15-16, 29, 30-31; Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 22 Mata 2009, imp. 45, 53. 775 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 29 Gicurasi 2009, imp. 18, 34. 130 CI10-0010K
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ku itariki ya 29 Mata 1994. Porokireri yagaragaje kandi ko Munyakazi yatwaye Interahamwe mu modoka akaziha amabwiriza yo kwica abasiviri bAbatutsi kuri iyo paruwasi. Kubera ko Munyakazi yayoboye icyo gitero cyari kigamije gutsembatsemba Abatutsi kuri iyo paruwasi, Urugereko rubona ko yari afite
umugambi wo kurimbura abaturage babasiviri bAbatutsi bari aho hantu. Porokireri ntiyagaragaje, ku buryo budashidikanywaho, ko Munyakazi ubwe yarashe abasiviri bAbatutsi muri icyo gitero. 9. IGITERO CYAGABWE KURI PARUWASI YA MIBILIZI, KU ITARIKI YA 30 MATA 1994 381. Igika cya 14 cyInyandiko yibirego kigira kiti:
Ku itariki ya 30 Mata 1994 cyangwa hafi yayo, Yussuf Munyakazi, ari kumwe nInterahamwe zo mu Bugarama, bakoresheje imbunda nintwaro za gakondo, bateye kandi bakica abasivili bAbatutsi babarirwa mu magana bari bahungiye kuri Paruwasi ya Mibirizi, Komine ya Cyimbogo (Perefegitura ya Cyangugu). Yussuf Munyakazi yatwaye izo Nterahamwe azijyana kuri Paruwasi ya Mibirizi maze azitegeka kwica gusa Abatutsi babagabo, kandi zarabikoze.
382.
Ubwunganizi buvuga ko Munyakazi nta ruhare yigeze agira mu gitero icyo ari cyo cyose cyagabwe kuri Paruwasi ya Mibilizi776.
Ibimenyetso Umutangabuhamya ushinja wiswe LCQ 383. Umutangabuhamya wiswe LCQ ni Umututsi, akaba yari umuhinzi muri Mata 1994777. Umutangabuhamya yahuye na Munyakazi bwa mbere mu mwaka wa 1988 cyangwa mu wa 1989, cyangwa ahagana muri iyo myaka, ubwo yakundaga kujya mu Bugarama kubera impamvu zubucuruzi778. Nyuma yumwaka wa 1990, ntiyongeye
776 777
Reba, Imyanzuro nsozarubanza ya Porokireri, ibika 128-135. Ikimenyetso gihamya cya Porokireri cyahawe n 11 (Inyandiko yumwirondoro); Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 28 Mata 2009, imp. 15-16. 778 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 28 Mata 2009, urup. 18. 131 CI10-0010K
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gusubira mu Bugarama kubera ko yari Umututsi, bityo kujyayo bikaba byari ukwigerezaho779. 384. Ku itariki ya 8 Mata 1994, uyu mutangabuhamya yahungiye kuri Paruwasi ya Mibilizi ari kumwe numugore we nabaturanyi bageze kuri 20780. Bageze kuri iyo paruwasi, bahasanze izindi mpunzi zigera kuri 300781. 385. Igitero cya mbere cyagabwe kuri iyo paruwasi ku itariki ya 13 Mata 1994 kandi cyari kiyobowe nuwitwa Kayibanda. Igitero cya kabiri cyabaye ku itariki ya 18 Mata 1994 kiyobowe nuwitwa Bandetse na Superefe wa Cyangugu. Igitero cya gatatu, na cyo cyari kiyobowe na Bandetse kandi cyagabwe ku itariki ya 20 Mata 1994782. Ibyo bitero byose byagabwe nabaturage batuye mu duce twegereye aho hantu783. 386. Ku itariki ya 30 Mata 1994, mu masaa kumi zamanywa, LCQ yabonye Munyakazi yinjira mu kigo cya Paruwasi ari kumwe nInterahamwe zitwaje ahanini intwaro za gakondo, ariko imwe muri zo yari ifite imbunda. Munyakazi yari afite inkota784. Munyakazi yabwiye impunzi ngo: Mwishe Umukuru wigihugu maze muza kwihisha hano mugiye kwishyura ibyo mwakoze 785. 387. Munyakazi rero yategetse Interahamwe gusohora impunzi zimwe zarimo uyu mutangabuhamya maze bakazijyana hanze ya paruwasi. Abagabye igitero bambuye izo mpunzi imyenda zari zambaye maze bazijyana mu nsi yumuhanda mu ishyamba bazuriza imodoka ku ngufu. Iyo modoka yari ikijwe nInterahamwe kugira ngo impunzi zidatoroka786. Aho hantu, izo mpunzi zashyizwe mu dutsinda duto twabantu batanu cyangwa batandatu, zijyanwa hagati mu ishyamba, maze Interahamwe zirazica zikoresheje amahiri nimihoro787. Umutangabuhamya yabonye itsinda rya mbere ryimpunzi esheshatu ryicwa, mbere yo kujyanwa kure muri iryo shyamba aho
779 780
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 28 Mata 2009, urup. 19. Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 28 Mata 2009, imp. 15-16, 27. 781 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 28 Mata 2009, urup. 16. 782 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 28 Mata 2009, urup. 17. 783 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 28 Mata 2009, imp. 27-28. 784 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 28 Mata 2009, imp. 20, 34. 785 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 28 Mata 2009, urup. 20. 786 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 28 Mata 2009, urup. 21. 787 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 28 Mata 2009, imp. 21-22. 132 CI10-0010K
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yakubiswe impiri ikwikiyemo imisumari maze agata ubwenge. Aho agaruriye akenge, yasanze ari mu gipadiri788. 388. Muri abo bantu bagabye igitero cyo ku itariki ya 30 Mata 1994, umutangabuhamya yamenyemo babiri gusa ari bo Munyakazi nundi muntu umwe789. Muri icyo gitero, umutangabuhamya yarakomeretse bityo bimutera inkovu nyinshi ku mubiri ndetse ahacikira nurutoki. Umutangabuhamya yeretse inkovu ze Urugereko 790.
Umutangabuhamya ushinja wiswe MP 389. Umutangabuhamya wiswe MP ni Umuhutu, akaba yari kuri Paruwasi ya Mibilizi muri Mata 1994791. Avuga ko impunzi za mbere zAbatutsi zageze kuri paruwasi ku itariki ya 7 Mata 1994, ku buryo mu minsi yakurikiyeho zageraga ku bihumbi bitanu792. 390. Umutangabuhamya yari umuhuzabikorwa witsinda rishinzwe umutekano
wimpunzi793. Kuri paruwasi hagabwe ibitero byinshi kandi birutana mu bukare. Impunzi zibarirwa hagati ya 2.500 na 3.500 zarishwe mu gitero cyagabwe ku itariki ya 18 Mata 1994. Ku itariki ya 20 Mata, abagabye igitero batoranije izindi mpunzi 100 maze barazica. Ku itariki ya 30 Mata, hagabwe ikindi gitero cyahitanye impunzi zibarirwa hagati ya 60 na 100794. Igitero cyo ku itariki ya 30 Mata cyagabwe hagati ya saa kumi na saa kumi nimwe zigicamunsi kandi cyamaze hafi igice cyisaha795. 391. Mu gihe icyo cyagabwaga, umutangabuhamya yari kuri paruwasi mu cyumba cyari mu kazu gato kari kagenewe abajandarume. Icyo cyumba cyari gifite idirishya yashoboye kureberamo ibyaberaga hanze. Munyakazi nInterahamwe zibarirwa hagati ya 50 na 70 bageze aho hantu bari mu modoka ebyiri zo mu bwoko bwa Daihatsu. Bamwe muri bo bari bitwaje imbunda namagerenade, naho abandi bafite intwaro za gakondo. Abajandarume bari kuri Paruwasi binginze abagabye igitero ngo be kwica
788 789
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 28 Mata 2009, urup. 22. Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 28 Mata 2009, imp. 27, 33-34. 790 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 28 Mata 2009, urup. 22. 791 Ikimenyetso gihamya cya Porokireri cyahawe n 7 (Inyandiko yumwirondoro); Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 27 Mata 2009, imp. 43-44 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 792 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 27 Mata 2009, urup. 45. 793 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 27 Mata 2009, urup. 49. 794 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 27 Mata 2009, imp. 45, 50-51. 795 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 27 Mata 2009, imp. 45-48, 51. 133 CI10-0010K
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impunzi zari zisigaye, bababwira ko mu bitero bya mbere hari harokotse gusa abantu basheshe akanguhe, abagore nabana, ariko abagabye ibitero ibyo ntibabikojejwe. Umuyobozi wabagabye igitero yabahaye ikimenyetso cyo gutangira igitero. Mu gutangira no kurangiza igitero harashwe isasu. Ahao yari ari, umutangabuhamya yashoboye kubona Interahamwe zinjira mu ishuri aho impunzi zari zihishe nyuma azibona zisohokamo. Yumvise kandi amabwiriza anyuranye yatanzwe numuyobozi wicyo gitero. Impunzi zicishizwe intwaro zifite ubugi796. Abagabye igitero biciye impunzi ahantu zari zihishe. Mu gitero cyagabwe ku itariki ya 30 Mata, abagabye igitero ntibabanje kubwira impunzi kwicara hasi mbere yo gutoranyamo izo bari bwice. Uwo munsi, umutangabuhamya ntiyabonye Munyakazi afite intwaro797. 392. Umutangabuhamya yamenye ko icyo gitero cyari kiyobowe na Munyakazi kubera ko uwo munsi umwe muri bagenzi be yaterefonnye inshuti ye kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi maze ikamubwira ko Shangi yaraye itewe nUregwa hamwe nInterahamwe ze. Umutangabuhamya yahise akeka ko Paruwasi ya Mibilizi ari yo yari itahiwe maze asaba abantu bari batuye ku muhanda ugana kuri Paruwasi kumuburira nibabona Munyakazi. Hashize umwanya muto, umwe muri abo bantu yaramuhamagaye amubwira ko yabonye Munyakazi nitsinda rye berekeza kuri Paruwasi. Nyuma yiminota 15, Munyakazi yageze kuri Paruwasi. Muri icyo gitero, umutangabuhamya ntiyashoboye kubona niba Munyakazi yaritangiye ubwe ikimenyetso cyo gutangiza igitero cyangwa niba yarategetse gusa ko icyo kimenyetso gitangwa. Umutangabuhamya yibwiye ko icyo gitero cyari kiyobowe na Munyakazi kubera ko abajandarume bavuganye numuyobozi wInterahamwe ubwo zahageraga kugira ngo bazumvishe ko zigomba kureka gutera, babwiye umutangabuhamya ko umuntu bavuganye yari Munyakazi.798 Umutangabuhamya ushinja wiswe MM 393. Umutangabuhamya wiswe MM ni Umututsi, akaba yari kuri Paruwasi ya Mibilizi mu mwaka wa 1994799. Muri Mata 1994, Abatutsi bagera ku bihumbi bitandatu bageze kuri iyo paruwasi bashaka ubuhungiro. Nibura kimwe cya kabiri cyabo bantu
796 797
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 27 Mata 2009, imp. 46-48, 52. Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 27 Mata 2009, urup. 56. 798 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 27 Mata 2009, imp. 48-49, 51-53. 799 Ikimenyetso gihamya cya Porokireri cyahawe n 9 (Inyandiko yumwirondoro); Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 27 Mata 2009, imp. 58-59 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 134 CI10-0010K
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cyahasize ubuzima800. Uyu mutangabuhamya na we yari umwe mu bagize komite mpuzabikorwa ishinzwe umutekano wimpunzi. Mu gihe icyo gitero cyagabwaga, abagize iyo komite bari kumwe nabajandarume. MM yemeza ko yari kumwe na MP igihe icyo gitero cyarimo kuba801. 394. Ibitero bito byibasiye impunzi byatangiye ku itariki ya 11 Mata 1994. Igitero kinini, cyakoreshejwemo imbunda namagerenade, cyabaye ku itariki ya 18 Mata 1994. Ikindi gitero kinini cyabaye ku itariki ya 20 Mata 1994. Muri icyo gitero, abakigabye bategetse impunzi guteranira hamwe zikicara hasi. Birangiye, batoranyije impunzi zimwe maze bajya kuzicira hanze ya kiriziya802. 395. Ku itariki ya 30 Mata 1994, hagabwe ikindi gitero cyatangiye ahagana saa kumi nimwe zigicamunsi. Uwo munsi, umutangabuhamya ntiyiboneye ubwe Munyakazi803. Cyakora, hasigaye nkisaha ngo icyo gitero gitangire, umuntu yaterefonnye ku biro bya paruwasi avuga ko Munyakazi nInterahamwe bari bamaze kunyura ku muhanda ugana kuri Paruwasi ya Mibilizi baririmba kandi bavuga ko bagiye kwica impunzi zari i Mibilizi nkuko bari barishe izi Shangi ni Hanika. Byongeye kandi, umwe mu bajandarume bari kuri paruwasi yaganiriye na Munyakazi ubwo uyu yahageraga maze nyuma abwira umutangabuhamya ibyo bavuganye. Uwo mujandarume yanabwiye umutangabuhamya ko umuntu bavuganye yari Munyakazi. Nyuma yaho, abantu barokotse igitero na bo babwiye umutangabuhamya ko icyo gitero cyari kiyobowe na Munyakazi804. 396. Mu gihe icyo gitero cyagabwaga uwo munsi, umutangabuhamya yari mu cyumba aho yashoboraga kubona mu kigo cya paruwasi no hanze yacyo805. Zihageze, Interahamwe zakoranyirije impunzi ku mbuga ya paruwasi. Zatoranyijemo abantu zashakaga kwica
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 27 Mata 2009, imp. 60-61; Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 28 Mata 2009, imp. 1, 7. 801 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 27 Mata 2009, urup. 62; Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 28 Mata 2009, imp. 1, 9. 802 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 27 Mata 2009, urup. 61; Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 28 Mata 2009, urup. 6. 803 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 28 Mata 2009, urup. 7. 804 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 27 Mata 2009, imp. 61-62; Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 28 Mata 2009, urup. 7. 805 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 27 Mata 2009, urup. 62. 135 CI10-0010K
800
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maze zibajyana hanze ya paruwasi806. Hasigaye impunzi zigizwe ahanini nabasaza nabakecuru. Umutangabuhamya yumvise umuyobozi wabagabye igitero ababwira ngo: Bampamagaye ariko ndabona nta kintu kinini cyo gukora . Umutangabuhamya yumvise ayo magambo ashaka kuvuga ko kubera ko abasore bari bakuwe aho hantu bishwe, bitari ngombwa ko uwo muntu yica abantu basigaye kuko bari basheshe akanguhe bityo kubica bikaba ntacyo byari bimaze. Amaze kuvuga ayo magambo, impunzi zakomye amashyi807. Umutangabuhamya ntiyibuka ko yaba yarumvise hatangwa ikimenyetso cyo gutangiza igitero808. 397. Mu minota 40, Interahamwe zari zirangije gutoranya abantu zishaka maze zibajyana kubica809. Bamwe mu bantu batoranyijwe biciwe hanze ya paruwasi ku mbuga, naho abandi biciwe mu nsi yumuhanda hakoreshejwe intwaro zifite ubugi. Nyuma yigitero, umutangabuhamya yabonye imirambo. Avuga ko agereranyije uwo munsi hishwe abantu nka 70 kandi ko hari abantu babiri mu batoranyijwe ngo bicwe barokotse icyo gitero810. Umutangabuhamya ushinja wiswe BWW 398. Umutangabuhamya wiswe BWW ni Umuhutu811, akaba avuga ko yagiye mu gitero cyagabwe kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi mu mpera za Mata 1994. Yongeraho ko igitero cyo kuri Paruwasi ya Mibilizi cyabaye mu mpera za Mata 1994, hashize iminsi nkitatu kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi hatewe812. 399. Mbere yo kujya i Mibilizi, umutangabuhamya ari kumwe na Munyakazi nabandi bantu bagabye igitero baherewe amabwiriza ahantu hitwa Ingoro. Ayo mabwiriza bayahawe numuntu witwa Edouard Bandetsi, wari umucuruzi wi Nyakabuye813.
806 807
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 27 Mata 2009, urup. 63. Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 27 Mata 2009, urup. 63; Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 28 Mata 2009, urup. 10. 808 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 28 Mata 2009, urup. 10. 809 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 27 Mata 2009, urup. 61; Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 28 Mata 2009, urup. 7. 810 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 27 Mata 2009, imp. 63-64; Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 28 Mata 2009, urup. 10. 811 Ikimenyetso gihamya cya Porokireri cyahawe n 12 (Inyandiko yumwirondoro); Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 29 Gicurasi 2009, imp. 6. 812 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 29 Gicurasi 2009, imp. 15, 34 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 813 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 29 Gicurasi 2009, imp. 20, 34-35 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 136 CI10-0010K
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Umutangabuhamya avuga ko Interahamwe zigera ku 120 zagiye kuri iyo paruwasi mu modoka ebyiri zo mu bwoko bwa Daihatsu za Munyakazi, kandi ko zari zitwaje intwaro zari zibitse kwa Munyakazi814. 400. Igitero cyatangiye saa cyenda cyangwa saa kumi zamanywa. Nubwo
umutangabuhamya atazi igihe icyo gitero cyamaze, avuga ko abakigabye batashye bwije815. Abagabye igitero bageze i Mibilizi, bakiriwe neza nabajandarume bari bashyigikiye ibikorwa byInterahamwe816. Uwo munsi, igitero cyagabwe i Mibilizi cyari kiyobowe na Bandetsi na Munyakazi817. Atangiza igitero, Uregwa yarabajije ati: Ntimuzi icyabazanye ?, maze Bandetsi yongeraho ati: Muratureba nkaho mutazi icyo mugomba gukora 818. Umutangabuhamya avuga ko Interahamwe zigeze kuri Paruwasi ya Mibilizi, zahasanze abagabo gusa, zibambura imyenda bari bambaye maze ziburiza imodoka. Zabakuye mu modoka zibajyana mu ishyamba maze zirabica. Kubera ko bwari bugiye kwira, Interahamwe ziciye zimwe mu mpunzi mu kigo cya paruwasi. Umutangabuhamya ubwe yishe Abatutsi 15 akoresheje umuhoro nimpiri819.
Yussuf Munyakazi 401. Munyakazi avuga ko ku itariki ya 29 Mata 1994, umuyisilamu wo mu Bugarama witwa Emedeyo Kabungo yapfuye maze we nabaturanyi be bagaterana ngo basengere nyakwigendera kandi ko ikiriyo cyamaze iminsi itatu820. Ahakana ko yagize uruhare urwo ari rwo rwose mu byabereye kuri Paruwasi ya Mibilizi ku itariki ya 30 Mata 1994821, ariko akemera ko yumvise bavuga ko kuri Paruwasi ya Mibilizi hatewe822.
814 815
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 29 Gicurasi 2009, imp. 20-21 (iburanisha mu muhezo). Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 29 Gicurasi 2009, urup. 35 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 816 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 29 Gicurasi 2009, urup. 35 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 817 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 29 Gicurasi 2009, urup. 20 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 818 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 29 Gicurasi 2009, urup. 35 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 819 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 29 Gicurasi 2009, imp. 21-22 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 820 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 15 Ukwakira 2009, imp. 1-3. 821 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 15 Ukwakira 2009, imp. 4-5. 822 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 15 Ukwakira 2009, urup. 5. 137 CI10-0010K
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Umutangabuhamya ushinjura witwa Thomas Nahimana 402. Thomas Nahimana ni Umuhutu, mu mwaka wa 1994 akaba yarakurikiraga amasomo ya tewolojiya. Mu biruhuko bya Pasika muri Mata 1994, uyu mutangabuhamya yagarutse iwabo muri Sigiteri ya Nzahaha, ihana imbibi niya Bugarama, aho Munyakazi yari atuye. Yarahagumye mu gihe cyose cyibyabaye bivugwa mu Nyandiko yibirego823. 403. Mu byumweru bya mbere bya Mata 1994, umutangabuhamya yajyaga mu misa buri munsi kuri Paruwasi ya Mushaka maze agafasha umupadiri wiyo paruwasi wUmututsi witwa Antoine Hategekimana, mu byo gusoma misa824. Ku itariki ya 16 Mata 1994, Nahimana yagiye kuba kuri Paruwasi ya Mushaka nyuma yuko Musenyeri ategetse ko abaseminari bajya kuba ku maparuwasi bakomokamo825. 404. Padiri Antoine yagiriye inama impunzi zAbatutsi guhungira kuri Paruwasi ya Mibilizi cyangwa muri Kongo aho guhungira kuri Paruwasi ya Mushaka maze umuryango wa Padiri Antoine wumvira iyo nama826. Muri Mata 1994, Nahimana yagiye i Mibilizi inshuro eshatu kureba umuryango wa Padiri Antoine. Yagiyeyo ku itariki ya 20, iya 24 niya 30 Mata827. Muri Gicurasi 1994, umutangabuhamya yajyaga kuri Paruwasi ya Mibilizi buri wa gatandatu ashyiriye imiti yindwara ya diyabete nyina wa Padiri Antoine. Yakomeje kumushyira iyo miti kugeza ku itariki ya 27 Gicurasi 1994 ubwo impunzi zari kuri iyo paruwasi zimurirwaga i Nyarushishi828. 405. Ubwo yajyaga kuri Paruwasi ya Mibilizi ku itariki ya 20 Mata 1994, umutangabuhamya yiboneye koko ko kuri iyo paruwasi hari haragabwe igitero ku itariki ya 18 Mata 1994, kandi ko umuvandimwe wa Padiri Antoine yapfuye icyo gitero kikimara kurangira. Umutangabuhamya yasubiye kuri Paruwasi ya Mibilizi ku itariki ya 24 Mata 1994 ajyanye amafaranga kugira ngo umuryango wuwo
823
Ikimenyetso gihamya cyUbwunganizi cyahawe n 13 (Inyandiko yumwirondoro); Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 2 Nzeri 2009, imp. 4-5. 824 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 2 Nzeri 2009, urup. 7. 825 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 2 Nzeri 2009, imp. 8-9. 826 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 2 Nzeri 2009, imp. 9, 29. 827 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 2 Nzeri 2009, imp. 10-11, 35. 828 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 2 Nzeri 2009, urup. 24. 138 CI10-0010K
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nyakwigendera wimurirwe ahandi hantu829. Umutangabuhamya yaje kumenya ko uwitwa Edouard Bandetsi, wari umuyobozi wInterahamwe, ari we wayoboye igitero cyagabwe ku itariki ya 18 Mata830. 406. Ku itariki ya 30 Mata 1994, umutangabuhamya yongeye gusubira kuri Paruwasi ya Mibilizi. Yagezeyo ahagana hagati ya saa tanu na saa tanu nigice zamanywa maze ahava hagati ya saa kumi nimwe na saa kumi nebyiri zumugoroba asubira i Mushaka831. Ubwo yari kuri iyo Paruwasi, yasangiye ibiryo na MM, MP numupadiri wumusaza witwa Antoine Muco832. Ku itariki ya 30 Mata 1994, umutangabuhamya ntiyabonye igitero na kimwe 833. Ntiyabonye Munyakazi cyangwa abasore bo mu Bugarama. Nyuma yaho ntiyumvise abantu bavuga ibyicyo gitero cyangwa ngo yumve bavuga izina rya Munyakazi ku birebana nigitero cyagabwe kuri Paruwasi ya Mibilizi834. 407. Umutangabuhamya yari inshuti yabagabo bashinja biswe MP na MM, ariko ntibigeze bamubwira ko Uregwa yayoboye igitero cyagabwe kuri Paruwasi ya Mibilizi ku itariki ya 30 Mata 1994. Nubwo atazi impamvu mu buhamya bwabo, abo bagabo bavuga ko uwo munsi habaye igitero, akeka ko bashobora kuba baribeshye ku itariki icyo gitero cyagabiweho835. 408. Mu mwaka wa 1999, umutangabuhamya yabaye umuyobozi wa Ecclesiastical Peace, Justice and Unity Commission [Komisiyo ya kiriziya ishinzwe amahoro, ubutabera nubumwe]. Iyo komisiyo yari ishinzwe ubwiyunge mu Banyarwanda. Mu rwego rwimirimo ye muri iyo komisiyo, umutangabuhamya yaganiriye nimiryango 16 iba muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu ku bintu byabaye muri jenoside no ku bantu babigizemo uruhare. Muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu, iyo komisiyo ya kiriziya yakoranaga neza na komisiyo ya Guverinoma bihuje inshingano kandi kenshi izo komisiyo zombi zahererekanyaga amakuru ku bintu byabaye mu mwaka wa 1994836.
829 830
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 2 Nzeri 2009, imp. 10-11. Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 2 Nzeri 2009, urup. 15. 831 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 2 Nzeri 2009, imp. 11. 832 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 2 Nzeri 2009, imp. 11-12, 19, 35. 833 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 2 Nzeri 2009, urup. 13. 834 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 2 Nzeri 2009, urup. 13. 835 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 2 Nzeri 2009, imp. 14, 30. 836 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 2 Nzeri 2009, imp. 15-16. 139 CI10-0010K
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Nahimana ntiyigeze yumva havugwa ko Munyakazi yagize uruhare mu gitero cyagabwe kuri Paruwasi ya Mibilizi837. Umutangabuhamya ushinjura wiswe MPCC 409. Umutangabuhamya wiswe MPCC ni Umututsi, akaba yarahoze ari umukuru wa MRND muri Komine ya Gishoma, Perefegitura ya Cyangugu, mu mwaka wa 1994838. Yahuye na Munyakazi bwa mbere mu ntangiriro ya za 80. Munyakazi yabaga muri Segiteri ya Bugarama, Komine ya Bugarama, Perefegitura ya Cyangugu839. 410. Umutangabuhamya yumvise abandi bantu bavuga ibyubwicanyi bwabereye kuri Paruwasi ya Mibilizi. Byumwihariko, yabyumvise ubwo yari muri gereza no mu manza Gacaca yagiyemo amaze gufungurwa840. Muri gereza abantu bamubwiye ko ubwicanyi bwakorewe i Mibilizi bwayobowe nuwitwa Edouard Bandetse wakomokaga i Mibilizi841. Ubwo yari afunze, no muri Gacaca, ntiyigeze yumva abantu bavuga ko Munyakazi yakoze ubwicanyi kuri Paruwasi ya Mibilizi842.
Umutangabuhamya ushinjura wiswe ELB 411. Umutangabuhamya wiswe ELB ni Umuhutu, akaba yari yungirije umukuru wInterahamwe zo mu Bugarama mu mwaka wa 1994843. Avuga ko Interahamwe zo mu Bugarama zitigeze zitera kuri Paruwasi ya Mibilizi. Ku itariki ya 18 Mata 1994 ni ho kuri Paruwasi ya Mibilizi hagabwe igitero kinini kandi cyari kiyobowe nInterahamwe zi Gitarama nizi Mibilizi. Icyo gitero cyagabwe i Mibilizi cyari kiyobowe na Kayibanda, Sudure na Mudeyi. Nyuma yaho, hagabwe udutero duto tuyobowe na Kayibanda, wari umukuru wInterahamwe zi Gitarama. Munyakazi
837 838
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 2 Nzeri 2009, imp. 17, 28. Ikimenyetso gihamya cyUbwunganizi cyahawe n 18 (Inyandiko yumwirondoro); Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 7 Nzeri 2009, imp. 46, 57-58. (iburanisha mu muhezo) 839 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 7 Nzeri 2009, imp. 47-48 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 840 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 7 Nzeri 2009, urup. 54 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 841 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 7 Nzeri 2009, imp. 54-55 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 842 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 7 Nzeri 2009, imp. 55-56, 61 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 843 Ikimenyetso gihamya cyUbwunganizi cyahawe n 27 (Inyandiko yumwirondoro); Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 17 Nzeri 2009, imp. 1-2. 140 CI10-0010K
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ntiyigeze abwira Interahamwe zo mu Bugarama kugaba igitero kuri Paruwasi ya Mibilizi ku itariki ya 30 Mata 1994844. Isesengura ryUrugereko 412. Abagabo bashinja bane batanze ubuhamya ku gitero bavuga ko cyagabwe kuri Paruwasi ya Mibilizi ku itariki ya 30 Mata 1994. Abo bagabo uko ari bane bari mu byiciro binyuranye byabatangabuhamya: umwe ni uwarokotse ubwicanyi, undi ni uwagabye igitero, naho babiri basigaye bari kuri paruwasi icyo gihe kubera impamvu zitandukanye. Umutangabuhamya ushinjura witwa Thomas Nahimana avuga ko uwo munsi nta gitero cyagabwe kuri Paruwasi ya Mibilizi, naho undi ushinjura wiswe MPCC akemeza ko kuri iyo paruwasi hagabwe igitero ariko ko kitabaye ku itariki ya 30 Mata 1994. Ibyo ari byo byose, ibyo bitero byari biyobowe na Edouard Bandetse. ELB ahakana ko Interahamwe zo mu Bugarama zagize uruhare mu gitero icyo ari cyo cyose cyagabwe kuri Paruwasi ya Mibilizi. Munyakazi asa nuwemera ko kuri iyo paruwasi hagabwe igitero, ariko ntavuga itariki cyagabiweho. Asobanura ko ku itariki ya 30 Mata 1994 yari ahandi hantu. 413. Nubwo rusanga MP na MM ari abatangabuhamya bakwizerwa, Urugereko rusanga hari ibyo badahuza mu buhamya bwabo kuri icyo gitero. MP avuga ko impunzi zose ziciwe mu byumba byamashuri kuri paruwasi kandi ko abagabye igitero batabanje gutoranya abo bica845. Yongeraho ko barashe isasu nkikimenyetso cyo gutangiza no kurangiza ubwicanyi846. MM we ntavuga ko harashwe isasu cyangwa ngo hatangwe ikindi kimenyetso cyo gutangiza igitero. Anavuga ko abagabye igitero bakoranyirije impunzi ahantu hamwe kugira ngo batoranyemo abo bajyana hanze ya Paruwasi kubicirayo847. Ibyo avuga bishyigikirwa na LCQ na BWW kuko aba batangabuhamya bombi bavuga ko impunzi zakoranyirijwe hamwe noneho zikajyanwa mu ishyamba kwicirwayo. Urugereko rusanga ukunyuranya kuboneka hagati yubuhamya bwa MM nubwa MP kutatuma batizwerwa, kandi gushobora kuba guterwa nigihe gishize ibintu bibaye ndetse kukaba kwaterwa na none nuko muri icyo gihe kuri Paruwasi ya Mibilizi hagabwe ibitero byinshi.
844 845
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 17 Nzeri 2009, urup. 12. Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 27 Mata 2009, urup. 56. 846 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 27 Mata 2009, imp. 53-54. 847 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 27 Mata 2009, imp. 61; 63. 141 CI10-0010K
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414.
Nubwo hari aho MM na MP banyuranya, ahanini ubuhamya bwabo hari ibyo bugenda buhurizaho. Abo batangabuhamya bombi bavuga ko mbere yaho, ni ukuvuga ku itariki ya 18 niya 20 Mata 1994, kuri paruwasi habaye ibitero binini. Izi mvugo zishyigikirwa na LCQ 848. Abo batangabuhamya bombi bavuga kandi ko baburiwe ko hari bugabwe igitero849, ko bageze kuri paruwasi abayobozi bigitero baganiriye nabajandarume, ko igitero cyagabwe ahagana ku mugoroba kandi ko cyamaze igihe gito850.
415.
Abatangabuhamya bashinja bose bavuga ko icyo gitero cyayobowe na Munyakazi kandi ko cyatangiye nyuma ya saa sita, hagati ya saa cyenda na saa kumi nimwe zigicamunsi. Uretse BWW utazi itariki nyayo icyo gitero cyabereyeho, abandi batangabuhamya bose bashinja bemeza ko igitero cyagabwe ku itariki ya 30 Mata 1994. Urugereko rusanga MM na MP barashoboye kumenya Munyakazi babikomoye ku nkuru mbarirano yakomotse hamwe851. Bombi bavuga ko umuntu yaterefonnye akababurira ko Munyakazi aje kandi ko Munyakazi yavuganye nabajandarume akanabibwira avuga ko ari we uyoboye abagabye igitero852. MM yongeraho ko abarokotse igitero cyagabwe i Mibilizi bemeza ko icyo gitero cyari kiyobowe na Munyakazi853. Nubwo ubu buhamya bushingiye ku nkuru mbarirano, Urugereko rusanga bwakwizerwa kuko ibivugwa ku ruhare rwa Munyakazi bishyigikirwa nubuhamya bwa LCQ na BWW.
416.
Urugereko
Munyakazi yagize uruhare mu gitero cyagabwe i Mibilizi. Uyu mutangabuhamya yarokotse ubwo bwicanyi kandi yiboneye ibyabaye. Mbere yicyo gitero, yari azi Munyakazi kandi yaramumenye mu bandi bantu bagabye igitero kuri Paruwasi ya
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 27 Mata 2009, imp. 45, 50-51, 61; Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 28 Mata 2009, imp. 6, 17. 849 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 27 Mata 2009, imp. 48-49, 51-53; Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 27 Mata 2009, imp. 61-62, Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 28 Mata 2009, urup. 7. 850 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 27 Mata 2009, imp. 48-49, 51; Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 27 Mata 2009, imp. 61-62. 851 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 27 Mata 2009, imp. 48-49, 51-53; Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 27 Mata 2009, urup. 62. 852 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 27 Mata 2009, imp. 48-49, 51-53; Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 27 Mata 2009, urup. 62; Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 28 Mata 2009, urup. 7. 853 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 27 Mata 2009, urup. 62; Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 28 Mata 2009, urup. 7. 142 CI10-0010K
848
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Mibilizi ku itariki ya 30 Mata 1994854. Uyu mugabo ntahuzagurika kandi ni uwo kwizerwa, ndetse ubuhamya bwe bushyigikirwa muri rusange nubwabandi bagabo bashinja. 417. Umutangabuhamya ushinja wiswe BWW yari icyitso cyUregwa akaba kandi yari mu mutwe wInterahamwe zo mu Bugarama, yemera ko yagiye muri icyo gitero. Nubwo Urugereko rudashira amakenga ubuhamya bwe, rusanga ibyo avuga ko abakorewe ibyaha bakoranyirijwe ahantu hamwe bakamburwa imyenda bari bambaye maze bakajyanwa mu ishyamba kwicwa bishyigikirwa nubuhamya bwa LCQ nubwa MM855. 418. Umutangabuhamya ushinjura wiswe MPCC avuga ko i Mibilizi habereye ubwicanyi bwari buyobowe na Edouard Bandetse. Cyakora, Urugereko rusanga uyu mutangabuhamya atari kuri Paruwasi ya Mibilizi ku itariki ya 30 Mata 1994, bityo ko ubuhamya bwe bwose bushingiye ku nkuru mbarirano856. Kubera iyo mpamvu, Urugereko nta gaciro kanini ruha ubu buhamya bwe. 419. Umutangabuhamya ushinjura witwa Thomas Nahimana avuga ko yari kuri Paruwasi ya Mibilizi ku itariki ya 30 Mata 1994 kandi ko uwo munsi nta gitero cyahabaye. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ubuhamya bwe bufite akamaro kanini kurusha ubwa MPCC. Cyakora, Urugereko rusanga Nahimana avuga gusa ku gitero kimwe cyagabwe kuri Paruwasi ya Mibilizi. Koko rero, avuga ko ubwo yajyaga kuri paruwasi ku itariki ya 20 Mata 1994, yumvise abantu bavuga ko iminsi ibiri mbere yuko ahagera, ni ukuvuga ku itariki ya 18 Mata 1994, aho hantu hari haragabwe igitero857. Ntavuga igitero cyagabwe ku itariki ya 20 Mata 1994 nubwo avuga ko uwo munsi yagiye kuri Paruwasi akongera gusubirayo ku ya 24 Mata 1994858. Urugereko rusanga abatangabuhamya bashinja biswe LCQ, MM na MP bose bavuga ko igitero cya
854
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 28 Mata 2009, imp. 17-18; 20: Umutangabuhamya yari azi Munyakazi kubera ko yari yarajyanye amatungo ye mu Bugarama akaba yaragurishaga amata na Munyakazi. 855 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 29 Gicurasi 2009, imp. 20-21, 34-35: Umutangabuhamya ntavuga itariki nyayo igitero cyagabiweho. Avuga gusa ko cyabaye hashize iminsi kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi hatewe. 856 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 7 Nzeri 2009, imp. 54-56 (iburanisha mu muhezo) 857 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 2 Nzeri 2009, imp. 10-13; Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 2 Nzeri 2009, urup. 14. 858 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 2 Nzeri 2009, imp.10-11; Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 2 Nzeri 2009, imp. 12-13: Umutangabuhamya avuga ko igitero rukumbi cyagabwe kuri Paruwasi ya Mibilizi cyabaye ku itariki ya 18 Mata 1994. 143 CI10-0010K
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atavuga igitero cyagabwe ku itariki ya 20 Mata bihagije cyane kugira ngo umuntu abe yashidikanya ku kwizerwa kubuhamya bwe bwose. Byongeye kandi, Urugereko rusanga Nahimana avuga ko muri icyo gihe, kuri Paruwasi ya Mibilizi hari akaduruvayo cyane, bityo bikaba bishobora kuba byaragize ingaruka ku bushobozi uyu mugabo afite bwo kwibuka ibyabaye859. 420. Umutangabuhamya ushinjura wiswe ELB avuga ko yari mu mutwe wInterahamwe zo mu Bugarama mu mwaka wa 1994. Kubera ko yari icyitso cyUregwa, Urugereko ntirushira amakenga ubuhamya bwe. Nubwo ELB avuga ko Interahamwe zo mu Bugarama zitagiye mu gitero cyagabwe i Mibilizi, Urukiko Gacaca rwaramuburanishize kandi rumuhamya icyaha ku birego birimo igitero cyagabwe kuri Paruwasi ya Mibilizi860. Urugereko rusanga kandi LCQ avuga ko ELB na Munyakazi bagiye mu gitero cyagabwe kuri Paruwasi ya Mibilizi861. Urugereko rusanga umutangabuhamya ashobora kuba abeshya kugira ngo apfobye uruhare rwe mu byabaye muri Mata 1994. Kubera iyo mpamvu, Urugereko ntiruha agaciro kanini ubuhamya yatanze kuri iki kibazo. 421. Urugereko ruributsa ko rwamaze kwemeza ko imyiregurire ya sinari mpari ya
Munyakazi ku birebana nitariki ya 30 Mata 1994 itakwizerwa (Reba Umutwe wa II.2). Ku byerekeranye nabatangabuhamya bashinjura, Urugereko ruributsa na none ko rufite impungenge zuko ubuhamya bwa ELB mu Rukiko bushobora kuba bwaragendeye ku gushaka gupfobya uruhare rwe mu byabaye muri Mata 1994, nizuko MPCC atiboneye ubwe ibyabaye. Urugereko rushidikanya kandi ku kwizerwa kumutangabuhamya ushinjura witwa Thomas Nahimana, nkuko byasobanuwe haruguru. Kubera izo mpamvu zose, Urugereko rusanga ibimenyetso bishinjura bitakwizerwa. 422. Abatangabuhamya bashinja bose uko ari bane kandi bari mu byiciro binyuranye, bemeza ko Munyakazi yayoboye igitero. Urugereko rusanga aba batangabuhamya bakwizerwa kandi naho byabaye ngombwa ko Urugereko rudashira amakenga ibice
859 860
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 2 Nzeri 2009, imp. 10-13, 19. Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 17 Nzeri 2009, imp. 24-25. 861 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 28 Mata 2009, imp. 27, 33. 144 CI10-0010K
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bimwe byubuhamya bwabo, ubuhamya batanga ku ruhare rwubuyobozi Munyakazi yagize bufite ubundi bubushimangira. Urugereko rusanga ibimenyetso bishinjura bitatuma rushidikanya ko Munyakazi yayoboye igitero cyagabwe kuri Paruwasi ya Mibilizi. Rumaze gusuzuma ibimenyetso byose bishinja, Urugereko rwemeza, nta gushidikanya, ko Munyakazi yayoboye igitero cyagabwe kuri Paruwasi ya Mibilizi.
budashidikanywaho, ko Interahamwe nabandi bantu batazwi bagabye ibitero kuri Paruwasi ya Mibilizi ku itariki ya 30 Mata 1994. Rusanga kandi Porokireri yaragaragaje ko Munyakazi yagiye muri icyo gitero akiyoboye. Icyo gitero cyari kigamije kwica impunzi zAbatutsi zari zasigaye kuri iyo Paruwasi. Rushingiye ku mwanya wubuyobozi Munyakazi yari afite muri icyo gitero cyari kigamije gutsembatsemba Abatutsi kuri iyo paruwasi, Urugereko rusanze Munyakazi yari agambiriye kurimbura Abatutsi babasiviri bo muri ako gace.
UMUTWE WA III: IMYANZURO YO MU RWEGO RWAMATEGEKO 424. Porokireri arega Munyakazi icyaha cya jenoside (ikirego cya 1), cyaba kitamuhamye akamurega kuba icyitso cyabakoze jenoside (ikirego cya 2). Amurega kandi itsembatsemba (ikirego cya 3) nkicyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu. Uburyozwacyaha buvugwa bwa Munyakazi bushingiye ku ngingo ya 6 (1) ya Sitati. 425. Mu myanzuro rwafashe ku byabaye, Urugereko rwemeje ko ku itariki ya 29 Mata 1994, Munyakazi yayoboye igitero cyagabwe kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi kigahitana abasiviri bAbatutsi babarirwa hagati yibihumbi bitanu na bitandatu. Rwemeje kandi ko Munyakazi ari umwe mu bayoboye igitero cyagabwe kuri Paruwasi ya Mibilizi ku itariki ya 30 Mata 1994, kigahitana abasiviri bAbatutsi babarirwa hagati ya 60 na 100. Yafashije mu gutwara Interahamwe zo mu Bugarama mu modoka zijya aho hantu hombi hakorewe ibyaha. Kubera ko ibindi bintu bivugwa mu Nyandiko yibirego bitatangiwe ibimenyetso bifatika, Urugereko rurasuzuma gusa uburyozwacyaha bwa Munyakazi ku birebana nibyo byabaye ari na byo
145 CI10-0010K
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bishingirwaho mu kumurega icyaha cya jenoside, cyangwa, kuba icyitso cyabakoze jenoside, igihe jenoside yaba itamuhamye. Aregwa kandi ubwicanyi nkitsembatsemba rigize icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu.
1 UBURYOZWACYAHA BWUREGWA 1.1 Ingingo ya 6 (1) ya Sitati 426. Ku byaha Urukiko rufitiye ububasha bwo kuburanisha, Ingingo ya 6 (1) ya Sitati iteganya ibikorwa binyuranye bishobora gutuma umuntu aryozwa icyaha ku giti cye. Ibyo bikorwa ni ibi bikurikira: gucura umugambi, guhamagarira, gukora, gutegeka ndetse no gufasha no gushishikaza.
gukora,
gutegeka,
427.
Gucura umugambi bisaba ko umuntu umwe cyangwa benshi bashyiraho imyitwarire mibisha igize icyaha giteganywa na Sitati kandi icyo cyaha kikaza gukorwa. Birahagije kugaragaza ko gucura umugambi byagize uruhare runini muri iyo myitwarire mibisha. Igitekerezo cyo gukora icyaha kiba kirimo kugambirira gucura umugambi wo gukora icyaha cyangwa nibura, kuba umuntu azi ko bishoboka cyane ko icyaha kizakorwa mu rwego rwo gutsotsoba ibikorwa cyangwa kigakorwa kubera kwirengagiza nkana kugira icyo ukora862.
428.
Guhamagarira bivuga gutuma undi muntu akora icyaha. Si ngombwa kugaragaza ko icyaha kitari gukorwa iyo uregwa atabigiramo uruhare. Birahagije kugaragaza ko guhamagarira byatumye, mu buryo bugaragara, undi muntu akora icyaha. Igiterekezo cyo gukora icyaha ni ukugambirira guhamagarira undi muntu gukora icyaha, cyangwa nibura, kumenya ko byashobokaga cyane ko icyaha gikorwa mu rwego rwo
Urubanza rwa Nsengimana mu rwIremezo, igika cya 796, hasubirwamo ibivugwa mu rubanza rwa Dragomir Milosevi mu bujurire, igika cya 268; urubanza rwa Nahimana na bagenzi be mu bujurire, igika cya 479. 146 CI10-0010K
862
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gutsotsoba ibyo abantu bahamagariwe gukora cyangwa se ibyo bahamagariwe kudakora863. 429. Ku byerekeranye no gukora , mu rubanza rwa Seromba Urugereko rwUbujurire rwemeje ibi bikurikira :
Cyakora kuri jenoside, gukora icyaha ku buryo butaziguye ntibivuga byanze bikunze ko umuntu akora ubwe ubwicanyi. Hari ibindi bikorwa bishobora kwitwa kugira uruhare rutaziguye mu gikorwa kigize icyaha864.
430.
Gukora ntibihagararira gusa ku gukora icyaha mu buryo butaziguye. Hari ibindi bikorwa bishobora kwitwa uruhare rutaziguye mu gikorwa kigize icyaha865. Kumenya niba uregwa atsotsoba icyaha, nkurugero, mu kwica abantu, si byo byonyine bigenderwaho866. Ikigenderwaho cyukuri mu mategeko ni ukumenya niba ibikorwa byuregwa byarakozwe koko mu rwego rwa jenoside nkuko bimeze ku bwicanyi bwatewe nibyo bikorwa 867. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ikibazo ni ukumenya niba ibimenyetso byatanzwe bishyigikira umwanzuro uvuga ko Uregwa yabaye gatozi wicyaha nyirizina kubera ko yashyigikiye kandi akitabira icyemezo cyafashwe cyo gukora icyaha, bityo akaba agomba guhamwa nicyaha cya jenoside 868.
431.
Gukora byasobanuwe kandi ko birimo uburyo butatu bwumugambi mubisha uhuriweho: uburyo bwibanze, buri kuri gahunda, nuburambuye869. Urugereko rurazusuma uruhare Munyakazi yaba yaragize mu buryo bwibanze bwumugambi uhuriweho (Reba Umutwe wa III.1.1.2).
863
Urubanza rwa Nsengimana mu rwIremezo, igika cya 797, hasubirwamo ibivugwa mu rubanza rwa Nahimana na bagenzi be mu bujurire, igika cya 480. 864 Urubanza rwa Seromba mu bujurire, igika cya 161, hasubirwamo ibivugwa mu rubanza rwa Gacumbitsi mu bujurire, igika cya 60. 865 Reba urubanza rwa Gacumbitsi mu bujurire, igika cya 60 aho Urugereko rwUbujurire ruvuga ko kugenzura no guhagararira igikorwa cyo gutoranya impunzi zAbatutsi ngo zicwe ari Ugukora ; urubanza rwa Ndindabahizi mu bujurire, igika cya 123. 866 Urubanza rwa Seromba mu bujurire, igika cya 161, igisobanuro 369 cyo hasi ku rupapuro: Gukora ntibihagarira gusa kugutsotsoba icyaha. Nkurugero, reba., ARCHBOLD: CRIMINAL PLEADING, EVIDENCE AND PRACTICE (2007), 18-7; Bundesgerichtshof [BGH] [(German) Federal Supreme Court of Justice] 26 Nyakanga 1994, Entscheidungen des Bundesgerichtshofs in Strafsachen [BGHSt] 40, 218 (236). 867 Urubanza rwa Gacumbitsi mu bujurire, igika cya 60. 868 Urubanza rwa Seromba mu bujurire, igika cya 161. 869 Urubanza rwa Simba mu rwIremezo, igika cya 386, hasubirwamo ibivugwa mu rubanza rwa Kvoka na bagenzi be mu bujurire, ibika 82-83, urubanza rwa Ntakirutimana mu bujurire, ibika 463-465, urubanza rwa Vasiljevi mu bujurire, ibika 96-99, urubanza rwa Krnojelac mu bujurire, igika cya 30. Reba na none urubanza rwa Nahimana na bagenzi be mu bujurire, igika cya 478. 147 CI10-0010K
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432.
Gutegeka bisaba ko umuntu uri mu mwanya wubuyobozi aha undi muntu amabwiriza yo gukora icyaha. Si ngombwa ko hagaragazwa ko umuntu ukuriye abandi yari afite aho ahuriye numuntu watsotsobye icyaha. Biba bihagije iyo hagaragajwe ko uregwa yari afite umwanya wubuyobozi watumye undi yumva ko agomba gukora icyaha kubera itegeko ryatanzwe nuregwa. Ubuyobozi butuma habaho isano iteganywa nIngingo 6 (1) ya Sitati bushobora kuba budakomoka ku mategeko cyangwa bushobora kuba ari ubwigihe gito870. Kugira ngo umuntu ahamwe nicyaha cyo gutegeka abandi gukora icyaha, agomba kuba yari azi ko byashobokaga ko icyaha gikorwa mu rwego rwo kubahiriza itegeko yatanze871. Si ngombwa ko itegeko riba ritaziguye, rishobora kuba riziguye hashingiwe ku bimenyetso bitaziguye byatanzwe872. Cyakora, uruhare rwitegeko ryatanzwe mu ikorwa ryicyaha rugomba kuba ari runini kandi rutaziguye 873.
433.
Nkuko biteganywa nubukemuramanza bwUrugereko rwUbujurire, Gufasha no gushishikaza biba iyo umuntu akoze ibikorwa bigamije, mu buryo butaziguye, gutera inkunga, gushishikaza, cyangwa gutera akanyabugabo undi muntu mu gukora icyaha runaka cyihariye, kandi bikagira uruhare runini mu ikorwa ryacyo874. Si ngombwa ko igikorwa kigize icyaha kiba kamara kugira ngo icyaha gikorwe, ariko gishobora kuba mbere yuko icyaha cyingenzi gikorwa, mu gihe kirimo gukorwa cyangwa nyuma kimaze gukorwa.875 Icya ngombwa gisabwa ku gufasha no gushishikaza ni ukuba umuntu azi ko ibikorwa bye bifasha gatozi gukora icyaha876. Ku
Urubanza rwa Bagosora na bagenzi be mu bujurire, igika cya 2008, hasubirwamo ibivugwa mu rubanza rwa Semanza mu bujurire, ibika 361, 363. 871 Urubanza rwa Nahimana, Barayagwiza na Ngeze mu bujurire, 28 Ugushyingo 2007, igika cya 481. 872 Urubanza rwa Kordi & erkez mu rwIremezo, 26 Gashyantare 200, igika cya 388 873 Urubanza rwa Kamuhanda mu bujurire, 19 Nzeri 2005, igika cya 76. 874 Urubanza rwa Bagosora na bagenzi be mu rwIremezo, igika cya 2009, hasubirwamo ibivugwa mu rubanza rwa Blagojevi na Joki mu bujurire, igika cya 127, urubanza rwa Simi mu bujurire, igika cya 85, urubanza rwa Blaki mu bujurire, ibika 45-46, urubanza rwa Vasiljevi mu bujurire, igika cya 102, urubanza rwa Ntagerura na bagenzi be mu bujurire, igika cya 370. 875 Urubanza rwa Bagosora na bagenzi be mu rwIremezo, igika cya 2009, hasubirwamo ibivugwa mu rubanza rwa Blagojevi na Joki mu bujurire, igika cya 127, urubanza rwa Blaki mu bujurire, igika cya 48, urubanza rwa Simi mu bujurire, igika cya 85, urubanza rwa Ntagerura na bagenzi be mu bujurire, igika cya 372. 876 Urubanza rwa Bagosora na bagenzi be mu rwIremezo, igika cya 2009, hasubirwamo ibivugwa mu rubanza rwa Blagojevi na Joki mu bujurire, igika cya 127, urubanza rwa Simi mu bujurire, igika cya 86, urubanza rwa Vasiljevi mu bujurire, igika cya 102, urubanza rwa Blaki mu bujurire, igika cya 46, urubanza rwa Ntagerura na bagenzi be mu bujurire, igika cya 370. 148 CI10-0010K
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byerekeye umugambi wihariye, ibyaha nko gutoteza cyangwa jenoside, uwafashije akanashishikaza agomba kuba azi umugambi wihariye wa gatozi wicyaha877. 434. Aho biza kuba ngombwa, Urugereko rurasesengura iyo miterere yuburyozwacyaha mu gufata imyanzuro yo mu rwego rwamategeko ku buryozwacyaha bwa Munyakazi bwerekeranye nibyaha bivugwa mu Nyandiko yibirego. 1.1.2 Umugambi mubisha uhuriweho Intangiriro 435. Igika cya kane nicya gatanu byInyandiko yibirego bigira biti: 4. Muri icyo gihe kivugwa muri iyi nyandiko yibirego, Yussuf Munyakazi we ubwe
yakoze ibyaha cyangwa se yafatanyije nabandi kubikora mu rwego rwumugambi mubisha uhuriweho, ari bo: Ndutiye bahimba Tarek Aziz, Ndereya Mundere, Samuel Bekeraho, Thobald Habineza, Zacharie bahimba Mariyo, Marcel Sebatware, Casimir Ndolimana, Thomas Mugunda, Ngarukiye, Elias Bakundukize, Interahamwe zo mu Bugarama nabandi. Muri uwo mugambi mubisha uhuriweho, bari bafite intego yo gukora jenoside nibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu babikorera Abatutsi. Mu gutsotsoba uwo mugambi mubisha uhuriweho, Yussuf Munyakazi yafatanyije nabari bagize uwo mugambi bagamije kurimbura Abatutsi bose cyangwa se igice cyabo.
IBIREGO UBURYOZWACYAHA BWA NYIRUBWITE Ingingo ya 6 (1) ya Sitati 5. Hashingiwe ku Ngingo ya 6.1 ya Sitati, Yussuf Munyakazi aryozwa ibyaha
bivugwa muri iyi nyandiko yibirego kubera ko yacuze umugambi wo gukora ibyaha, agategeka kandi agahamagarira abantu kubikora, akabikora na we ubwe, cyangwa se mu bundi buryo ubwo ari bwo bwose agafasha kandi agashishikariza abantu gucura umugambi wo gukora ibyaha, kubitegura cyangwa kubitsotsoba. Byongeye kandi, Uregwa yagize uruhare mu mugambi mubisha uhuriweho wari ugamije kurimbura abantu bose bo mu bwoko bwAbatutsi cyangwa se igice cyabo, muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu niya Kibuye. Mu kugera kuri uwo mugambi mubisha, Uregwa, we ubwe cyangwa afatanyije nabandi bantu bazwi cyangwa batazwi, yagize uruhare rukomeye mu gusohoza uwo mugambi mubisha uhuriweho. Uwo mugambi mubisha uhuriweho wari ugamije gukora ibyaha bivugwa muri iyi Nyandiko yibirego.
877
Urubanza rwa Bagosora na bagenzi be mu rwIremezo, igika cya 2009, hasubirwamo ibivugwa mu Rubanza rwa Blagojevi na Joki mu bujurire, igika cya 127, Urubanza rwa Simi mu bujurire, igika cya 86, Urubanza rwa Krsti mu bujurire, ibika 140-141. 149 CI10-0010K
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436.
Mu myanzuro mbanzirizarubanza ye no mu myanzuro nsonzarubanza ye, Porokireri avuga ko ashingira ahanini ku buryo bwibanze bwumugambi mubisha uhuriweho878.
437.
Ubwunganizi buhakana ko Munyakazi yitabiriye umugambi mubisha uhuriweho, maze bukarwanya ibimenyetso bishinja bivuga ko Munyakazi yakoranaga na Tarek Aziz na Thomas Mugunda, cyangwa umwe muri abo bombi. Byumwihariko, Ubwunganizi burwanya ibivugwa na Porokireri ko Munyakazi na Tarek Aziz bashatse abantu bo kwinjiza mu mutwe wInterahamwe zo mu bugarama, bakabaha imyitozo kandi bakabaha intwaro, cyangwa bagakora kimwe muri ibyo bikorwa, ndetse ko Munyakazi yagaburiye Interahamwe zo mu Bugarama kandi akazitwara mu modoka cyangwa se agakora kimwe muri ibyo bikorwa byombi879.
bwumugambi mubisha uhuriweho, igikorwa cya ngombwa kigize icyaha gikubiyemo ibintu bitatu880. Icya mbere, ni ngombwa ko icyo gikorwa kiba cyaritabiriwe nabantu benshi kandi si ngombwa ko abo bantu bakorera mu rwego rwa gisirikare, rwa politiki cyangwa rwubutegetsi. Icya kabiri, hagomba kuba hari intego ihuriweho yo gukora icyaha giteganywa na Sitati. Si ngombwa ko iyo ntego iba yarateguwe mbere kuko ishobora guhita ishyirwaho ako kanya cyangwa umuntu akumva ko yariho akurikije ibyabaye. Icya gatatu, ni ngombwa ko umuntu uregwa aba yaritabiriye iyo ntego ihuriweho yo gukora kimwe mu byaha biteganywa na Sitati. Si ngombwa ko aba yarabigizemo uruhare akora kimwe mu byaha biteganywa na Sitati (nkurugero, ubwicanyi, itsembatsemba, itoteza cyangwa gusambaya ku gahato). Ashobora
Imyanzuro mbanzirizarubanza, urup. 10; Imyanzuro nsozarubanza ya Porokireri, igika cya 18. Imyanzuro nsozarubanza ya Porokireri, ibika 50-63; Imyanzuro nsozarubanza yUbwunganizi mu magambo, 28 Mutarama 2010, imp. 51-54 (FR). 880 Urubanza rwa Nsengimana mu rwIremezo, igika cya 802, hasubirwamo ibivugwa mu rubanza rwa Branin mu bujurire, igika cya 364, urubanza rwa Simba mu rwIremezo, igika cya 387. 150 CI10-0010K
879
878
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kubigiramo uruhare afasha cyangwa atanga inkunga mu gushyira mu bikorwa intego ihuriweho881. 439. Ku byerekeye uburyo bwibanze bwumugambi mubisha uhuriweho, igitekerezo cya ngombwa cyo gukora icyaha gisaba ko umuntu aba agambiriye gukora icyaha runaka, kandi abisangiye nabandi bantu bose bafatanyije kugikora882. Iyo icyaha kigambiriwe gisaba ko haba hari umugambi wihariye, urugero nkivangura, uregwa nkumwe mu bitabiriye umugambi mubisha uhuriweho, agomba kuba yari afatanyije nabo bantu uwo mugambi wihariye883.
Uko ayo mategeko akurikizwa Ibimenyetso kuri Yussuf Munyakazi na Athanase Ndutiye bahimba Tarek Aziz Umutangabuhamya ushinja witwa Esidras Musengayire 440. Esidras Musengayire ni Umututsi, akaba yari azi neza Munyakazi kubera ko yabaye mu nzu ye [ya Munyakazi] kuva mu mwaka wa 1982 kugera mu wa 1984 kandi muri icyo gihe, Munyakazi yamufataga nkumuhungu we. Nubwo nyuma Musengayire yimukiye mu nzu ye, Munyakazi yakomeje kumufata nkumuntu wo mu muryango we kugeza jenoside itangiye884.
Urubanza rwa Simba mu rwIremezo, igika cya 387, hasubirwamo ibivugwa mu rubanza rwa Kvoka na bagenzi be mu bujurire, igika cya 90 ( Iyo umuntu ufasha akanashishikaza aba azi gusa ko inkunga ye ifasha umuntu umwe gukora icyaha, uwo muntu aryozwa gusa icyaha cyo gufasha no gushishikariza undi gukora icyaha. Ibi ni nako bigenda niyo gatozi yaba yari mu mugambi mubisha uhuriweho ugamije gukora ibindi byaha. Cyakora, iyo uregwa azi ko atera inkunga itsinda ryabantu bari mu mugambi mubisha uhuriweho kandi akaba ahuje nabo igiterekezo, icyo gihe ashobora kuryozwa, nka gatozi, ibyaha byakozwe mu rwego rwo gushyira mu bikorwa intego ihuriweho ), Urubanza rwa Vasiljevi mu bujurire, igika cya 102, Urubanza rwa Tadi mu bujurire, igika cya 229. 882 Urubanza rwa Nsengimana mu rwIremezo, igika cya 803, hasubirwamo ibivugwa mu rubanza rwa Branin mu bujurire, igika cya 365; Urubanza rwa Simba mu rwIremezo, igika cya 388, hasubirwamo ibivugwa mu rubanza rwa Ntakirutimana mu bujurire, igika cya 467, Urubanza rwa Vasiljevi mu bujurire, igika cya 101, Urubanza rwa Krnojelac mu bujurire, igika cya 32. 883 Urubanza rwa Simba mu rwIremezo, igika cya 388, hasubirwamo ibivugwa mu rubanza rwa Kvoka na bagenzi be mu bujurire, ibika 109-110. 884 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 23 Mata 2009, urup. 51; Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 27 Mata 2009, urup. 2. 151 CI10-0010K
881
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441.
Tarek Aziz yari yarigeze kuba umusirikare kandi yari mu mutwe wInterahamwe zo mu Bugarama885. Interahamwe zirimo Tarek Aziz, zabaga mu nzu ya Munyakazi886. Musengayire yajyaga kwa Munyakazi nta nkomyi. Ubwo uyu mutangabuhamya yabonaga abantu bateraniye mu rugo kwa Munyakazi, Tarek Aziz yamubwiye ko yarimo kubaha imyitozo ya gisirikare887. Umunsi umwe mbere yitariki ya 7 Mata 1994, Musengayire yabonye Tarek Aziz atwaye masotera ku mayunguyungu ariko ntiyibuka ikintu cyihariye cyabaye uwo munsi888. Umutangabuhamya ushinja wiswe BWX
442.
Umutangabuhamya wiswe BWX ni Umuhutu, mu mwaka wa 1994 akaba yarakoreraga hafi yo kwa Munyakazi, muri Serire ya Misufi, Komine ya Bugarama889. Avuga ko izina nyakuri rya Tarek Aziz ari Ndutiye kandi ko yavukiye muri Komine ya Nyakabuye. Tarek Aziz yabaye mu nzu ya Munyakazi, ariko umutangabuhamya ntazi niba yarakodeshaga cyangwa niba yarahabaga ku buntu890. Munyakazi ni we wahesheje akazi Tarek Aziz muri CAVECUVI891. Tarek Aziz yatoje Interahamwe, kandi yari umwe bantu barindaga Munyakazi babaga buri gihe bari kumwe na we892. Umutangabuhamya ushinja wiswe BWW
443.
Umutangabuhamya wiswe BWW ni Umuhutu, muri Mata 1994 akaba yari mu mutwe wInterahamwe zo mu Bugarama. Urukiko Gacaca rwo mu Rwanda rwaramuburanishije maze rumuhamya icyaha cya jenoside yabaye mu mwaka wa 1994. Umutangabuhamya yemera ko yagize uruhare mu iyicwa ryAbatutsi muri Mata 1994 kandi avuga ko yakoranye ahanini na Munyakazi na Athanase Ndutiye bahimba Tarek Aziz. Tarek Aziz yabaga mu nzu ya Munyakazi kandi yari yungirije
885 886
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 24 Mata 2009, urup. 4; urup. 6 (Fr). Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 27 Mata 2009, imp. 4, 15-16. 887 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 24 Mata 2009, imp. 4-5, 7. 888 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 24 Mata 2009, imp. 5, 7. 889 Ikimenyetso gihamya cya Porokireri cyahawe n 6 (Inyandiko yumwirondoro); Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 24 Mata 2009, urup.12 (iburanisha mu muhezo); Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 27 Mata 2009, urup. 35 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 890 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 27 Mata 2009, imp. 20-21. 891 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 27 Mata 2009, imp. 21, 22-23. 892 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 24 Mata 2009, imp. 21- 23. 152 CI10-0010K
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Uregwa893. Mu mwaka wa 1993, Interahamwe zahabwaga imyitozo buri munsi kandi Tarek Aziz yari umwe mu bazitozaga894.
Yussuf Munyakazi 444. Munyakazi avuga ko Tarek Aziz yaje aturutse muri Komine ya Nyakabuye, iri kure cyane ya Komine ya Bugarama. Tarek Aziz yatangiye gukora nka agoronome muri CAVECUVI mu mwaka wa 1991 cyangwa 1992, kandi kuva icyo gihe yabaga mu nzu yakodeshaga ya Munyakazi895. Yabaga muri kimwe mu byumba bigize iyo nzu kandi yishyuraga ubukode buri kwezi kimwe nabandi bantu bari bahacumbitse. Tarek Aziz yakodesheje kwa Munyakazi mbere yuruhando rwamashyaka menshi896. Munyakazi ntiyari se wo muri batisimu wa Tareka Aziz, ntiyamurengeraga, ntiyamugiraga inama cyangwa ngo amugenzure ndetse na Tarek Aziz ntiyafatwaga nkumwe mu bantu bo mu muryango wa Munyakazi897. Nubwo yari yarahimbwe iri zina rya Tarek Aziz ntiyari Umuyisilamu898. Munyakazi ntiyigeze agira abantu bamurinda899. Munyakazi ntiyafashije Tarek Aziz kubona akazi muri CAVECUVI. Tarek Aziz yabonye akazi ari uko agasabye kandi agatsinda ikizamini. Nubwo icyo gihe yari Perezida wa CAVECUVI, Munyakazi ntiyagize uruhare mu gukoresha Tarek Aziz ikizamini kimuhesha akazi900. 445. Tarek Aziz yari Perezida wInterahamwe ku rwego rwa Komine kandi yari afite umuntu umwungirije901. Tarek Aziz yakoraga kuva ku wa mbere kugera ku wa gatandatu, kandi hari igihe yakoraga ijoro902. Kubera ko yakoraga amasaha menshi, yahuraga gake cyane na Munyakazi903, kandi Munyakazi yumva Tarek Aziz nta
893 894
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 29 Gicurasi 2009, imp. 6-8 (iburanisha mu muhezo). Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 29 Gicurasi 2009, imp. 12, 24-25. 895 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 15 Ukwakira 2009, imp. 39-40. 896 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Ukwakira 2009, imp. 15-17, 23. 897 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Ukwakira 2009, urup. 41. 898 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Ukwakira 2009, imp. 16-17; Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha,15 2009, urup. 40. 899 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Ukwakira 2009, imp. 23, 42. 900 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Ukwakira 2009, imp. 16-17; Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 15 2009, imp. 39-40. 901 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Ukwakira 2009, urup. 22; Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 15 2009, imp. 39-41. 902 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Ukwakira 2009, urup. 23. 903 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Ukwakira 2009, urup. 17; Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 15 2009, urup. 40. CI10-0010K
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mwanya yari kubona wo guha urubyiruko rwo muri ako gace imyitozo ya gisirikare. Munyakazi yari azi ko Interahamwe zateraniraga ku biro bya Komine ariko ntiyari azi icyo zahakoraga904. Munyakazi ntiyari azi ko Tarek Aziz yari yarirukanywe mu gisirikare i Butare, cyangwa ko nyuma yirukanywe ku mirimo ye aho yakoraga kuri Parike905. 446. Tarek Aziz yari kwa Munyakazi ku itariki ya 7 Mata 1994 ubwo Esidras Musengayire yaterwaga generade906. Bimaze kuba, Munyakazi yakoze iperereza maze asanga ari Tarek Aziz wateye iyo gerenade907. Kuri iyo tariki, ahagana mu masaa kumi nimwe zigicamunsi, Munyakazi yasabye Tarek Aziz kumuvira mu nzu kandi Tarek Aziz yahavuye uwo munsi butangiye kwira. Amaze kuva muri iyo nzu, Tarek Aziz nabandi bantu bagabaga ibitero bakomeje kwica abantu uwo munsi908. Munyakazi ntazi aho Tarek Aziz yagiye kuba amaze kuva mu nzu ye ku itariki ya 7 Mata 1994, gusa yibwira ko yagiye kubana nabajandarume binshuti ze. Munyakazi avuga ko [Tarek Aziz] yabaga ari mu bitero byagabwe nudutsiko twabicanyi 909.
Umutangabuhamya ushinjura wiswe NKM 447. Umutangabuhamya wiswe NKM yabaga muri Komine ya Bugarama muri Mata 1994. Yari umuyoboke wishyaka rya PDI kandi yakoraga muri banki muri Komine ya Bugarama. Umutangabuhamya yari azi Munyakazi kuva akivuka910 kandi yahuye bwa mbere na Tarek Aziz ubwo bigaga amashuri abanza. Nyuma yaho, bombi bakoze ibizamini byo kwinjira mu ishuri ryabasuzofisiye (ESO) i Butare maze Tarek Aziz aza kwemererwa kuryigamo. Mu mwaka wa 1994, Tarek Aziz yari umuhinzi wumuceri akaba numukozi wigihe gito muri CAVECUVI911.
904 905
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Ukwakira 2009, urup. 23. Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 15 Ukwakira 2009, urup. 40. 906 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Ukwakira 2009, imp. 36-38. 907 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Ukwakira 2009, urup. 40. 908 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Ukwakira 2009, urup. 41. 909 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 15 Ukwakira 2009, urup. 62. 910 Ikimenyetso gihamya cyUbwunganizi cyahawe n 6 (Inyandiko yumwirondoro); Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 31 Kanama 2009, urup. 8 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 911 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 31 Kanama 2009, imp. 20-21, 46. 154 CI10-0010K
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448.
Tarek Aziz yari acumbitse muri imwe mu mazu ya Munyakazi912. Hagati yaho yari acumbitse ninzu ya NKM hari intera igera nko kuri metero 150. NKM avuga ko atazi ko muri icyo gihe, hagati ya Mata na Nyakanga 1994, Tarek Aziz yakoranyirije urubyiruko iwe ndetse yongeraho ko iyo izo nama ziza kuba aba yarabimenye913. Ntazi niba Tarek Aziz yari umuhuzabikorwa wInterahamwe. Umutangabuhamya ntiyigeze abona Tarek Aziz ari kumwe na Munyakazi914.
449.
Nta sano idasanzwe Tarek Aziz yari afitanye na Munyakazi hagati yitariki ya 6 Mata niya 17 Nyakanga 1994. Nubwo Tarek Aziz yari umuyisilamu, NKM ntiyigeze amubona ku musigiti915. Abari mu mitwe yurubyiruko rwamashyaka ya MRND, PDI, MDR, na CDR bakoze ubwicanyi bwibasiye abasiviri bAbatutsi, banasahura imitungo yabo. Bamaze kwibumbira hamwe, nta buyobozi bwihariye bari bafite916. Umutangabuhamya abona ko Munyakazi, Tarek Aziz na Mugunda batagize uruhare mu mvururu zibasiye Abatutsi nAbahutu batavugaga rumwe na MRND917.
Umutangabuhamya ushinjura wiswe NRB 450. Umutangabuhamya wiswe NRB yabaga muri Komine ya Bugarama kandi yakoraga muri CAVECUVI muri Mata 1994918. Avuga ko izina nyakuri rya Tarek Aziz ari Ndutiye919. Tarek Aziz yabonye akazi muri Technoserve atabifashijwemo na Munyakazi. Yasabye akazi maze akora ikizamini. Umutangabuhamya yabonaga Tarek Aziz buri munsi kuko bombi bakoraga muri CAVECUVI920. Umutangabuhamya ntiyari azi inzego za MRND mu Bugarama mbere ya Mata 1994921, ariko yari azi neza ko nta hantu Munyakazi yari ahuriye numutwe wurubyiruko rwa MRND, kandi uru rubyiruko ntirwabaga mu nzu ya Munyakazi922.
912 913
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 31 Kanama 2009, imp. 27, 47. Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 31 Kanama 2009, urup. 48. 914 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 31 Kanama 2009, imp. 46-47. 915 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 31 Kanama 2009, imp. 27-28. 916 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 31 Kanama 2009, imp. 26-27, 41. 917 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 31 Kanama 2009, urup. 47. 918 Ikimenyetso gihamya cyUbwunganizi cyahawe n 12 (Inyandiko yumwirondoro); Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 1 Nzeri 2009, imp. 35, 37 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 919 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 1 Nzeri 2009, urup. 41. 920 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 1 Nzeri 2009, urup. 42. 921 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 1 Nzeri 2009, urup. 50. 922 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 1 Nzeri 2009, urup. 41. 155 CI10-0010K
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Umutangabuhamya ushinjura wiswe MPCC 451. Umutangabuhamya wiswe MPCC ni Umututsi923, mu mwaka wa 1994 akaba yari atuye muri Segiteri ya Ruhoko, Komine ya Gishoma, Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. Yari umukuru wishyaka rya MRND muri Komine ya Gishoma akaba na moniteragiri muri iyo Komine924. MPCC yahuye bwa mbere na Munyakazi mu ntangiriro ya za 80925. 452. Umuyobozi wInterahamwe muri Komine ya Bugarama yari Athanase Ndutiye bahimbaga Tarek Aziz. Tarek Aziz yakomokaga muri Komine ya Nyakabuye, kandi yapfiriye muri gereza nyuma ya jenoside. Mu mwaka wa 1994, Tarek Aziz yari moniteragiri mu Bugarama kandi yari acumbitse muri imwe mu mazu ya Munyakazi926.
Umutangabuhamya ushinjura wiswe AMB 453. Mu mwaka wa 1994, AMB yigaga ahandi hantu hatari muri Komine ya Bugarama927. Mu biruhuko yajyaga mu Bugarama kuko ari ho avuka928. Umutangabuhamya yahuye bwa mbere na Tarek Aziz mu mwaka wa 1987929. Umutangabuhamya yabwiwe ko ubusanzwe Tarek Aziz yitwaga Athanase Ndutiye, ariko akaza guhindura izina rye ubwo yahindukaga umuyisilamu ageze muri Komine ya Bugarama930. Avuga ko hariho ibihuha byavugaga ko Tarek Aziz yari yarirukanywe mu gisirikare931. Kuva mu mwaka wa 1991 kugera muri Mata 1994, Tarek Aziz yakoze muri Technoserve932. Munyakazi ntiyafashije Tarek Aziz kubona akazi muri Technoserve933. Umutangabuhamya yari azi ko Tarek Aziz yari acumbitse muri imwe mu mazu ya
923 924
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 7 Nzeri 2009, urup. 58 (iburanisha mu muhezo). Ikimenyetso gihamya cyUbwunganizi cyahawe n 18 (Inyandiko yumwirondoro); Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 7 Nzeri 2009, imp. 46 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 925 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 7 Nzeri 2009, urup. 47 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 926 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 7 Nzeri 2009, urup. 61 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 927 Ikimenyetso gihamya cyUbwunganizi cyahawe n 21 (Inyandiko yumwirondoro); Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 10 Nzeri 2009, urup. 3 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 928 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 10 Nzeri 2009, imp. 3, 21-22 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 929 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 10 Nzeri 2009, urup. 4 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 930 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 10 Nzeri 2009, urup. 25 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 931 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 10 Nzeri 2009, urup. 4 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 932 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 10 Nzeri 2009, imp. 5-6 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 933 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 10 Nzeri 2009, urup. 8. 156 CI10-0010K
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Munyakazi kubera ko yari [Umutangabuhamya] afite inshuti yitwa Selemani, na we wari ucumbitse mu nzu imwe na Tarek Aziz934. 454. Inzu Tarek Aziz yari acumbitsemo yari aho isoko ryahoze muri Serire ya Misufi. Abacumbitsi bari baherereye mu gice cyo mu gikari935. Umutangabuhamya ntiyigeze abona Tarek Aziz ari kumwe na Munyakazi, kandi yibwira ko bahuzwaga gusa nuko Tarek Aziz yakodeshaga inzu ye. Munyakazi ntiyari afite abantu bamurinda936. 455. Ku itariki ya 6 Mata 1994, umutangabuhamya yari mu Bugarama ariko ntiyabonye urubyiruko ruteranira kwa Munyakazi hagati yitariki ya 6 niya 30 Mata 1994937. Cyakora, nyuma yitariki 7 Mata 1994, umutangabuhamya yabonye bwa mbere agatsiko kurubyiruko rwigize indakoreka, hafi ya Bugarama. Abari bagize ako gatsiko bitwikiraga amakoma kugira ngo hatagira ubamenya938. Icyo gihe, Tarek Aziz yari agicumbitse mu nzu ya Munyakazi akodesha. Umutangabuhamya yibwiye ko Tarek Aziz yari umwe mu bayobozi bako gatsiko ariko kwari ugukekereranya. Cyakora, umutangabuhamya ntiyigeze abona Tarek Aziz aha urubyiruko imyitozo939.
Umutangabuhamya ushinjura wiswe YMC 456. Umutangabuhamya wiswe YMC ni umuhutu, mu mwaka wa 1994 akaba yaracururizaga muri Serire ya Misufi, Segiteri ya Bugarama940. Yari azi Athanase Ndutiye mbere yuko uyu afata izina ryirihimbano. Mu byukuri, Athanase Ndutiye yiyise Tarek Aziz nyuma yo kureba televiziyo mu gihe cyintambara hagati ya Koweyiti na Iraki. Umutangabuhamya yibwira ko Tarek Aziz atari yarahindutse umuyisilamu941. Tarek Aziz yakoreraga umuryango utagendera kuri Leta witwa Technoserve. Ubwo yakoraga muri Technoserve no mu gihe umutwe wInterahamwe washingwaga,
934 935
Tarek
Aziz
yari
acumbitse
mu
nzu
ya
Munyakazi942.
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 10 Nzeri 2009, imp. 6-7, 34 (iburanisha mu muhezo), 8. Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 10 Nzeri 2009, urup. 35 (iburanisha mu muhezo) 936 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 10 Nzeri 2009, urup. 8. 937 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 10 Nzeri 2009, urup. 10. 938 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 10 Nzeri 2009, urup. 26 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 939 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 10 Nzeri 2009, imp. 26-29 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 940 Ikimenyetso gihamya cyUbwunganizi cyahawe n 22 (Inyandiko yumwirondoro); Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Nzeri 2009, urup. 3 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 941 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Nzeri 2009, imp. 6-7. 942 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Nzeri 2009, urup. 23. 157 CI10-0010K
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Umutangabuhamya ntiyigeze abona Tarek Aziz ari kumwe na Munyakazi haba mbere cyangwa nyuma yitariki ya 6 Mata 1994. Ntiyigeze abona urubyiruko rwa MRND ruteranira imbere yinzu ya Munyakazi. Ntiyigeze abona Munyakazi afite abantu bamurinda ndetse nta nubwo yigeze amubonana imbunda943.
Umutangabuhamya ushinjura wiswe YMS 457. Umutangabuhamya wiswe YMS ni Umuhutu, muri Mata 1994 akaba yaracururizaga muri Komine ya Bugarama. Ibicuruzwa bye yabibikaga mu cyumbya yakodeshaga na Munyakazi944. Tarek Aziz yari acumbitse mu nzu ya Munyakazi kandi yakomokaga muri Komine ya Nyakabuye, mu gihe Munyakazi we yari uwo mu Bugarama945. Umutangabuhamya avuga ko Tarek Aziz yari umukirisitu kandi ko atazi niba yarahindutse umuyisilamu. Umutangabuhamya ntiyigeze abona Munyakazi na Tarek Aziz bajyana ku musigiti. Uretse kuba Tarek Aziz yarakodeshaga inzu ya Munyakazi, nta kindi kintu icyo ari cyo cyose umutangabuhamya azi abo bombi bari bahuriyeho. Umutangabuhamya yumva hagati yumwaka wa 1993 no ku itariki ya 6 Mata 1994, Tarek Aziz na Munyakazi batarigeze baba kumwe kubera ko imirimo yabo yari itandukanye. Tarek Aziz yakoreraga Technoserve, kandi umutangabuhamya ntiyemera ko Munyakazi yahamuhesheje akazi946. 458. Tarek Aziz yari umurwanashyaka wa MRND. Cyakora, ntiyigeze agira uruhare mu gushaka abayoboke ba MRND kandi ntiyari umuyobozi wumutwe wUrubyiruko wiryo shyaka947. Hari itandukanirizo hagati yimitwe yurubyiruko rwamashyaka, rwashyushyaga urugamba mu mahoro mu mashyaka yarwo, nagatsiko kabagizi ba nabi, bitwaga Interahamwe, kandi bakoreraga muri ako gace icyo gihe. Tarek Aziz yigize umuyobozi wako gatsiko kabagizi ba nabi mu Bugarama948. Umutangabuhamya avuga ko umuyoboke wese wa MRND yitwaga Interahamwe, yaba ashaje cyangwa yaba ari muto. Umutangabuhamya ubwe na Munyakazi bashoboraga kwitwa Interahamwe kubera ko bari abayoboke ba MRND, kandi hari
943 944
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Nzeri 2009, imp. 7, 11. Ikimenyetso gihamya cyUbwunganizi cyahawe n 24 (Inyandiko yumwirondoro); Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Nzeri 2009, imp. 30-32 (iburanisha mu muhezo), 33. 945 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Nzeri 2009, urup. 32 (iburanisha mu muhezo). 946 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Nzeri 2009, urup. 33. 947 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Nzeri 2009, urup. 48. 948 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Nzeri 2009, urup. 48. 158 CI10-0010K
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igihe abayoboke bose ba MRND bambaraga imyenda idoze mu bitenge muri mitingi ziryo shyaka949.
Umutangabuhamya ushinjura witwa Thobald Gakwaya Rwaka 459. Thobald Gakwaya Rwaka ni Umuhutu, akaba yaramaze imyaka icyenda akora muri Minisiteri yUbutabera mu Rwanda aho yari ashinzwe umutekano wigihugu, polisi namagereza. Nyuma yaho, kuva mu mwaka wa 1992 kugera mu wa 1996, yakoze muri CIMERWA mu Bugarama950. Ubwo hemerwaga politiki ishingiye ku mashyaka menshi, umutangabuhamya na bagenzi be bashinze ishyaka ryitwa Ishyaka rya Gikirisitu Rihanira Demokarasi (PDC)951. Nyuma yurupfu rwa Perezida Habyarimana, umutangabuhamya yatangiye kumva bagenzi be bashobora kumushinja urupfu rwa Perezida kubera ko yari umuyoboke wishyaka ritavuga rumwe nubutegetsi. Yumvise rero nta mutekano afite maze atangira kujya akora ku masaha adasanzwe952. 460. Mu buhamya bwe mu Rukiko, uyu mugabo avuga ko Interahamwe zo mu Bugarama zayoborwaga numuntu witwa Athanase, bahimbaga Tarek Aziz953. Hamaze gushyirwaho politiki igendera ku mashyaka menshi, Tarek Aziz yagaragaye kenshi mu nama zishyaka rya MRND nkumuyobozi wumutwe witwara gisirikare wo muri ako gace, nubwo abantu bo mu yandi mashyaka na bo bari muri uyu mutwe. Umutangabuhamya ntiyashoboye kuvuga niba Tarek Aziz yarayoboye ibitero byose byagabwe muri ako karere ariko avuga ko Tarek Aziz yagiye mu bitero byinshi kandi ko yicaga cyangwa agakiza uwo ashaka954. Nyuma yurupfu rwa Perezida Habyarimana, Tarek Aziz yaje mu rugo rwumutangabuhamya inshuro eshatu kandi buri gihe yamusabaga amafaranga. Umutangabuhamya yumvaga Tarek Aziz yamwica
949 950
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Nzeri 2009, urup. 49. Ikimenyetso gihamya cyUbwunganizi cyahawe n 26 (Inyandiko yumwirondoro); Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 16 Nzeri 2009, urup. 3. 951 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 16 Nzeri 2009, urup. 4. 952 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 16 Nzeri 2009, imp. 11-12. 953 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 16 Nzeri 2009, urup. 8. 954 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 16 Nzeri 2009, urup. 13. 159 CI10-0010K
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aramutse yanze kuyamuha. Mu ntambara, umutangabuhamya ntiyigeze abona Tarek Aziz ari kumwe na Munyakazi955.
Umutangabuhamya ushinjura wiswe ELB 461. Umutangabuhamya wiswe ELB ni Umuhutu, akaba yarinjiye mu mutwe wInterahamwe muri Gashyantare 1993. Muri Mata 1994, yari yungirije umukuru wInterahamwe zo mu Bugarama ku rwego rwa Komine, ari we Athanase Ndutiye bahimbaga Tarek Aziz956. Mbere yitariki ya 6 Mata 1994, Tarek Aziz yabaga mu cyumba yakodeshaga mu nzu ya Munyakazi. Munyakazi yari azi ko Tarek Aziz ari Perezida wInterahamwe ariko umutangabuhamya ntiyigeze abona Munyakazi afasha Tarek Aziz, kandi Interahamwe zakoreraga inama ku biro bya Komine aho kuzikorera kwa Munyakazi957. Kuva ku itariki ya 7 Mata 1994, Tarek Aziz nabandi bantu batangiye gushyira iterabwoba kuri Munyakazi bamurega ko acumbikiye umwanzi. Ku itariki ya 7 Mata, Tarek Aziz yarimutse ava mu nzu ya Munyakazi maze ajya kubana nitsinda ryabajandarume958. 462. Mbere yitariki ya 6 Mata 1994, ELB ntiyigeze abona Tarek Aziz afite imbunda. Ku itariki ya 7 Mata 1994, mu masaa mbiri za mu gitondo, ni bwo bwa mbere umutangabuhamya yabonye Tarek Aziz afite imbunda959. Icyo gihe, Tarek Aziz yari imbere ya bariyeri yabajandarume, yambaye ishati ya gisirikare. Yabwiye umutangabuhamya ko umujandarume winshuti ye witwa Enoch yari yamuhaye iyo shati, imbunda yo mu bwoko bwa Kalashnikov namagerenade abiri960. Umutangabuhamya avuga kandi ko nyuma yuko Esidras Musengayire aterwa ku itariki ya 7 Mata, yabonye Tarek Aziz afite gerenade imwe gusa maze yumva ko Tarek Aziz yari yateye gerenade ya kabiri ku nzu ya Munyakazi961.
955 956
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 16 Nzeri 2009, imp. 13-14. Ikimenyetso gihamya cyUbwunganizi cyahawe n 27 (Inyandiko yumwirondoro); Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 17 Nzeri 2009, urup. 2. 957 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 17 Nzeri 2009, imp. 3-4. 958 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 17 Nzeri 2009, urup. 11. 959 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 17 Nzeri 2009, urup. 8. 960 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 17 Nzeri 2009, urup. 9. 961 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 17 Nzeri 2009, urup. 10. 160 CI10-0010K
5 Nyakanga 2010
463.
Umutangabuhamya yabwiye Urugereko ko yagiye mu gitero cyagabwe kuri CIMERWA mu Bugarama ku itariki ya 16 Mata 1994962.
Ibimenyetso kuri Munyakazi na Thomas Mugunda Umutangabuhamya ushinja wiswe BWU 464. BWU ni Umuhutu wari umuhinzi mu mwaka wa 1994963. Umutangabuhamya yagize uruhare mu byaha byakorewe kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi muri Mata 1994964. Umutangabuhamya yavuze amazina yabantu bafatanyije muri ibyo byaha barimo Munyakazi, avuga ko yari ayoboye Interahamwe zo mu Bugarama muri icyo gitero965. 465. Thomas Mugunda yari Interahamwe ikomeye yo mu Bugarama kandi
umutangabuhamya yabimenye nyuma yintambara ubwo yari afunganywe na Mugunda. Umutangabuhamya yahuye na Mugunda bwa mbere ku itariki ya 29 Mata 1994 mu gitero cyagabwe kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi966. 466. Ku itariki ya 29 Mata 1994, Munyakazi nInterahamwe ze bagiye gufasha abandi kwica abasiviri bAbatutsi bari bahungiye kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi. Munyakazi yageze kuri bariyeri mu masaa cyenda zamanywa ari kumwe na Mugunda nInterahamwe zigeze kuri 50 cyangwa 60967. Abo bagabo bombi bahageze mu modoka zitandukanye968. Icyo gitero kirangiye, umuyobozi wa CDR witwa Gatamobwa yahaye Mugunda amafaranga yo gukoresha mu kwakira abagabye icyo gitero969.
962 963
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 17 Nzeri 2009, urup. 11. Ikimenyetso gihamya cya Porokireri cyahawe n 13 (Inyandiko yumwirondoro). 964 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 4 Kamena 2009, imp. 3-4. 965 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 4 Kamena 2009, urup. 4; umutangabuhamya yavuze Pascal Ndayisabe, Grgoire Ntezimana; Jacques Mirambi; Nicodme Nyagasaza; tienne Gatamobwa; Aim Matos na Mategeko. 966 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 4 Kamena 2009, urup. 24 967 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 4 Kamena 2009, imp.6-9, 24. 968 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 4 Kamena 2009, imp. 8, 24, 27. 969 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 4 Kamena 2009, imp. 8-9. 161 CI10-0010K
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Umutangabuhamya ushinja wiswe LCQ 467. Umutangabuhamya wiswe LCQ ni Umututsi wari umuhinzi muri Mata 1994. Ku itariki ya 8 Mata 1994, umutangabuhamya yahungiye kuri Paruwasi ya Mibilizi ari kumwe numugore we nabaturanyi babo bageze kuri 20970. Ku itariki ya 30 Mata 1994, mu masaa kumi zamanywa, umutangabuhamya yabonye Munyakazi yinjira kuri Paruwasi ari kumwe nitsinda ryInterahamwe zahise zigaba igitero kuri Paruwasi971. Mu bantu bagabye icyo gitero, umutangabuhamya yamenyemo abagabo babiri gusa ari bo Munyakazi na Thomas Mugunda972.
Umutangabuhamya ushinja witwa Esidras Musengayire 468. Esidras Musengayire ni Umututsi, muri Mata 1994 akaba yari atuye muri Cit Bugarama973. Mu bantu bari mu mutwe wInterahamwe zo mu Bugarama, uwo yari aziranye na we mbere yabandi yari Athanase Ndutiye. Abandi barimo uwitwa Mugunda na we wakoraga muri CAVECUVI974.
Yussuf Munyakazi 469. Mu buhamya bwe mu Rukiko, Munyakazi avuga ko umuyobozi wInterahamwe zo muri Komine ya Bugarama yari Athanase Ndutiye, bahimba Tarek Aziz. Indi Nterahamwe nkuru yari Thomas Mugunda975.
Umutangabuhamya ushinjura wiswe ELB 470. ELB yinjiye mu mutwe wInterahamwe muri Komine ya Bugarama muri Gashyantare 1993, kandi muri Mata 1994 yari akiri muri uwo mutwe. Umutangabuhamya yari
Ikimenyetso gihamya cya Porokireri cyahawe n 11 (Inyandiko yumwirondoro); Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 28 Mata 2009, imp. 15-16. 971 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 28 Mata 2009, imp. 20-22. 972 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 28 Mata 2009, imp. 27, 33. 973 Ikimenyetso gihamya cya Porokireri cyahawe n 5 (Inyandiko yumwirondoro); Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 23 Mata 2009, urup. 49. 974 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 24 Mata 2009, urup. 1; Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 27 Mata 2009, urup. 12. 975 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 14 Ukwakira 2009, urup. 22. 162 CI10-0010K
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Visi-Perezida wInterahamwe mu rwego rwa Komine naho Perezida ari Athanase Ndutiye bahimbaga Tarek Aziz976. Nta ruhare Munyakazi yagize mu mutwe wInterahamwe977. 471. Umutangabuhamya yagiye mu gitero cyahitanye abantu benshi cyagabwe kuri CIMERWA muri Komine ya Bugarama ku itariki ya 16 Mata 1994. Bamwe mu bagabye icyo gitero bari Interahamwe, abandi bari Abarundi978 kandi Munyakazi ntiyakigizemo uruhare979. Uretse igitero cyagabwe kuri CIMERWA, nta kindi gitero umutangabuhamya yigeze ajyamo980. Isesengura ryUrugereko Intangiriro 472. Porokireri avuga ko Munyakazi yitabiriye umugambi mubisha uhuriweho wari ugamije gukora jenoside yibasiye Abatutsi. Ashingira ku buryo bwibanze bwubu buryozwacyaha981. 473. Mu Nyandiko yibirego havugwa amazina yabantu bakurikira bafatanyije nUregwa muri uwo mugambi: Ndutiye bahimba Tarek Aziz, Ndereya, Mundere, Samuel Rekeraho, Thobald Habineza, Zacharie bahimba Mariyo, Marcel Sebatware, Casimir Ndolimana, Thomas Muguna, Emmanuel Ngarukiye, na Elias Bakundize. 474. Ku byerekeye uruhare rwihariye Uregwa yagize muri uwo mugambi mubisha uhuriweho, mu Myanzuro mbanzirizarubanza ya Porokireri avuga ko: hagati yitariki ya 6 niya 16 Mata 1994, Uregwa yakoresheje ububasha yari afite budakomoka ku mategeko nijambo rye nkumuyobozi wInterahamwe zo mu Bugarama, kugira ngo ashyire mu bikorwa intego zumugambi mubisha uhuriweho. Yabikoze
976 977
acura
umugambi,
ategeka,
ahamagarira
cyangwa
afasha
ndetse
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 17 Nzeri 2009, urup. 2. Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 17 Nzeri 2009, urup. 3. 978 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 17 Nzeri 2009, imp. 11- 12, 14. 979 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 17 Nzeri 2009, urup. 11. 980 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 17 Nzeri 2009, imp. 12, 16. 981 Inyandiko yibirego, igika cya 4; Imyanzuro mbanzirizarubanza ya Porokireri, ibika14-16; Imyanzuro nsozarubanza ya Porokireri, igika cya 18. 163 CI10-0010K
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anashishikariza abandi bantu gukora jenoside nitsembatsemba 982. Uru ruhare rwUregwa rusubirwamo mu gika cya 49 cyImyanzuro nsozarubanza ya Porokireri. Muri iyo Myanzuro, Porokireri yongera kwibutsa ko ashingira ku ihame ryumugambi ku giti cye 983. Ku byerekeye uruhare rwihariye rwabantu bavugwa ko bafatanyije, mu Nyandiko yibirego no mu Myanzuro mbanzirizarubanza havugwa ko Ndutiye bahimba Tarek Aziz, yagize uruhare mu gushaka abantu bo kwinjiza mu mutwe wInterahamwe zo mu Bugarama no guha imyitozo abagize uwo mutwe984. Mu Nyandiko yibirego, Thomas Mugunda aregwa ko yafatanyije na Munyakazi mu gutanga imodoka zo kujyana Interahamwe ahantu hakorerwaga ibyaha985. Urugereko rusanga, uretse ibi, mu Nyandiko yibirego no mu Myanzuro mbanzirizarubanza ye, Porokireri avuga gusa amazina yabantu bafatanyije nUregwa gukora ibyaha ariko ntasobanure imyanya bari bafite nuruhare bagize mu mugambi mubisha uhuriweho986. 475. Cyakora, Urugereko runazirikana ko Ubwunganizi butarwanyije ibyo kuba Porokireri yarabumenyesheje mu buryo budasobanutse neza ibyerekeranye nubu buryo bwuburyozwacyaha. Urugereko rero rugomba gushaka ku buryo bucukumbuye ibyinshi mu bikorwa bishobora kuba bigize umugambi mubisha uhuriweho. 476. Urugereko rusanga hataratanzwe ibimenyetso ku bantu benshi bavugwa mu gika cya 4 cyInyandiko yibirego. Abandi bavuzwe gusa mu buryo bwo kwihitira, ariko hatavugwa mu buryo bwihariye uruhare rwabo mu bikorwa byInterahamwe zo mu Bugarama cyangwa ngo hagaragazwe aho bari bahuriye nUregwa. Rumaze gusuzuma ibyo bimenyetso mu buryo bwuzuye, Urugereko rusanga muri abo bantu bavugwa mu gika cya 4 cyInyandiko yibirego, Porokireri yaratanze ibimenyetso bifite ireme bigaragaza ko Munyakazi yakoranaga nabantu babiri gusa ari bo Tarek Aziz na Thomas Mugunda. Kubera iyo mpamvu, Urugereko amakuru yerekeranye naho Uregwa ahuriye nabo bantu bombi. rurasuzuma gusa
982 983
Imyanzuro mbanzirizarubanza ya Porokireri, igika cya 18. Imyanzuro nsozarubanza ya Porokireri, igika cya 18. 984 Inyandiko yibirego, igika cya 8; Imyanzuro mbanzirizarubanza ya Porokireri, igika cya 8. 985 Inyandiko yibirego, igika cya 10. 986 Imyanzuro mbanzirizarubanza ya Porokireri, igika cya17. 164 CI10-0010K
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477.
Kuvuga ko Munyakazi na Tarek Aziz bafatanyije gucura umugambi mubisha uhuriweho bishingiye ahanini ku buhamya bwabagabo bashinja ari bo abiswe BWX na BWW, na Esidras Musengayire. Mu buhamya bwabo, abagabo bashinja biswe BWU, LCQ na Esidras Musengayire bo bavuga ko Munyakazi yafatanyije na Thomas Mugunda.
Munyakazi na Tarek Aziz 478. Urugereko rusanga Porokireri avuga ko Munyakazi yari umuyobozi wInterahamwe zo mu Bugarama kandi ko yari yungirijwe na Tarek Aziz cyangwa bakoranira hafi. Ibi bishaka kuvuga ko aba bagabo bombi bari bahuriye ku mugambi wo gukora ibyaha bivugwa mu Nyandiko yibirego. 479. Impande zombi ntizihakana ko Tarek Aziz yari acumbitse mu nzu ya Munyakazi muri Serire ya Misufi, ndetse ko yari umwe mu bantu bari bahacumbitse bishyura ubukode. Abatangabuhamya bashinja ntibavuga igihe Tarek Aziz yatangiriye gucumbika kwa Munyakazi mu gihe, mu buhamya bwe mu Rukiko, Munyakazi avuga ko Tarek Aziz yaje kuba muri iyo nzu mbere cyane yibyabaye bivugwa mu Nyandiko yibirego. Ibivugwa na Munyakazi kuri iki kibazo bishyigikirwa numutangabuhamya ushinjura wiswe YMC. Nta wamenya neza niba Munyakazi yarabaga mu gipangu kimwe na Tarek Aziz cyangwa ahandi. Cyakora, niyo abo bagabo bombi baba barabaga mu gipangu kimwe imiryango yinzu zabo yegeranye ndetse umwe akodesha inzu yundi, ntibyaba bihagije ngo hemezwe ko bari basangiye intego yo kurimbura Abatutsi, ko kandi bafatanyije kuyigeraho. 480. Mu buhamya bwe mu Rukiko, umugabo ushinja wiswe BWX avuga ko ubwo Tarek Aziz yageraga mu Bugarama mu ntangiriro ya za 90, Munyakazi yamufashije kubona akazi muri CAVECUVI. Urugereko rwemeye ko ubu buhamya bushobora kuba ari ukuri kubera ko umutangabuhamya yakoreraga hafi cyane yigipangu cya Munyakazi muri Serire ya Misufi mu mwaka wa 1994, ku buryo yashoboraga kubona ibyaberaga aho hantu. Cyakora, umutangabuhamya ntavuga ukuntu yamenye ibyimyitozo yaberaga muri CAVECUVI. Byongeye kandi, Urugereko rusanga nubwo avuga ko mbere ya Mata 1994 yajyaga mu rugo kwa Munyakazi hafi buri munsi kandi ko
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bamufataga nkumwe mu bagize umuryango wa Munyakazi, BWX ntazi niba Tarek Aziz yarabaga kwa Munyakazi nkumuntu ukodesha. Kubera ko abandi bagabo bose batanze ubuhamya ku hantu Tarek Aziz yari acumbitse bari bazi ko uyu yabaga mu nzu ya Munyakazi akodesha, kuba BWX adashobora kumenya ibyo bituma umuntu ashidikanya kukwizerwa kwe. Mu buhamya bwe mu Rukiko, Munyakazi avuga ko yahuye na Tarek Aziz bwa mbere ubwo uyu yazaga mu Bugarama gukora ikizamini cyakazi muri CAVECUVI. Ahakana ko yafashije Tarek Aziz kuhabona akazi. Nubwo Urugereko rusanga BWX yakwizerwa kuri bimwe, ibyo avuga ko Munyakazi yashakiye akazi Tarek Aziz nta wundi mugabo ubishimangira kandi ntibinasobanuye bihagije. Kubera iyo mpamvu, Urugereko ntirwagaragarijwe bihagije ko Munyakazi yashakiye akazi Tarek Aziz mu mwaka wa 1991. Nubwo yaba yarakamushakiye kandi, ntibyaba ari ikimenyetso gihagije kigaragaza ko aba bagabo bombi bari bafitanye ubucuti bukomeye mu mwaka wa 1994. 481. BWX avuga kandi ko Tarek Aziz yari umwe mu barinda umutekano wa Munyakazi babaga kenshi bari kumwe na we. Ku rundi ruhande, umutangabuhamya ushinja wiswe BWW, wemeye ko yari umwe mu Nterahamwe zo mu Bugarama, avuga ko Munyakazi yari afite Interahamwe zimurinda, ariko muri izo Nterahamwe ntavugamo Tarek Aziz. Na none, umutangabuhamya ushinja witwa Esidras Musengayire, wishyikiraga cyane kuri Munyakazi, kandi wari uzi Tarek Aziz, avuga gusa ko abantu babonye Munyakazi ari kumwe nInterahamwe. Kubera ubu buhamya buvuguruzanya ninenge ziri mu buhamya bwa BWX ku byerekeye isano yari hagati ya Tarek Aziz na Munyakazi, Urugereko rusanga rutashingira kuri ubu buhamya bwonyine ngo rwemeze nta gushidikanya ko Tarek Aziz yari umwe mu barindaga umutekano wa Munyakazi. 482. Umutangabuhamya ushinja wiswe BWW avuga ko Tarek Aziz yari yungirije Munyakazi ariko ntatanga ibindi bisobanuro987. Ku rundi ruhande, umutangabuhamya ushinja wiswe BWU avuga ko Thomas Mugunda ari we wari wungirije Munyakazi988. Urugereko ruributsa ko BWW na BWU bombi bari ibyitso byUregwa bityo rukaba rwaha ubuhamya bwabo agaciro kanini aho rwasanga gusa bufite ubundi bubushyigikira. Esidras Musengayire ntavuga ko Munyakazi yari akuriye Tarek Aziz.
987 988
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 29 Gicurasi 2009, urup. 7. Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 4 Kamena 2009, imp. 9, 27-28. 166
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Abatangabuhamya bashinjura biswe MPCC, AMB, YMC, ELB, NRB na NKM, hamwe na Thobald Gakwaya Rwaka bose bavuga ko Tarek Aziz na Munyakazi batari bafitanye ubucuti bwihariye. Koko rero, ELB avuga ko nyuma yitariki ya 7 Mata 1994 imibanire ya Munyakazi na Tarek Aziz yabaye mibi. Rumaze gusuzuma ubuhamya bwose bwatanzwe, Urugereko rusanga Porokireri ataragaragaje, ku buryo budashidikanywaho, ko Tarek Aziz yari yungirije Munyakazi cyangwa se ko bakoranaga mu buryo bwa hafi. 483. Byongeye kandi, Urugereko rusanga Porokireri ataratanze ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko Tarek Aziz yari mu bitero byagabwe kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi ku itariki ya 29 Mata 1994 no ku ya Mibilizi ku itariki ya 30 Mata 1994, cyangwa ko yagize uruhare urwo ari rwo rwose muri ibyo bitero. Urugereko ruributsa kandi ko rutagaragarijwe ku buryo budashidikanywaho ko Munyakazi yagize uruhare mu myitozo yahawe Interahamwe zo mu Bugarama (Reba Umutwe wa III.4). 484. Kubera iyo mpamvu, Urugereko rusanga ibimenyetso byatanzwe ku isano iri hagati ya Munyakazi na Tarek Aziz bidahagije ku buryo umuntu yabigenderaho byonyine ngo yemeze ko abo bagabo bombi bitabiriye umugambi mubisha uhuriweho wo kurimbura Abatutsi.
Munyakazi na Thomas Mugunda 485. Porokireri avuga ko Munyakazi yakoranye nabantu barimo Thomas Mugunda mu mugambi mubisha uhuriweho wo kurimbura Abatutsi. Ikirego cyihariye gikomoka kuri ibi bivugwa ni uko Munyakazi yafatanyanije na Thomas Mugunda nabandi bantu mu kugaburira Interahamwe zo mu Bugarama no mu kuzitwara mu modoka. 486. Umutangabuhamya ushinja wiswe BWU wari icyitso cyUregwa, avuga ko Munyakazi yari Perezida wInterahamwe zo mu Bugarama kandi ko yari yungirijwe na Thomas Mugunda. Umutangabuhamya ushinjura wiswe ELB na we wari icyitso cyUregwa ariko wari uzi inzego zInterahamwe zo mu Bugarama kurusha BWU, avuga ko Mugunda yari Visi-Perezida wInterahamwe zo mu Bugarama naho Tarek Aziz akaba Perezida wazo. BWU ni we mutangabuhamya ushinja wenyine uvuga ko
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Munyakazi na Mugunda bakoranaga muri ubu buryo. Byongeye kandi, BWU yakomokaga mu gace ka Shangi ntavuka mu Bugarama. Ibyo avuga ni ibyo yabonye gusa mu gitero yemera ko yagiyemo cyagabwe ku itariki ya 29 Mata 1994. Ikindi cyitso cya gatatu cyUregwa ni umutangabuhamya BWW ushinja wemera ko yari mu mutwe wInterahamwe zo mu Bugarama, akaba kandi yarashoboraga kumenya kurusha BWU isano yari hagati ya Munyakazi na Mugunda. Mu buhamya bwe mu Rukiko, BWW ntacyo yavuze kuri Mugunda. Musengayire na we uvuga ko Munyakazi yakoranaga nInterahamwe, yemeza gusa ko umuntu witwa Mugunda yari acumbitse mu nzu ya Munyakazi kandi ko yakoraga muri CAVECUVI. 487. Nubwo BWU avuga ko Mugunda yari mu gitero cyagabwe kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi ku itariki ya 29 Mata 1994 kandi ko yari yungirije Munyakazi muri icyo gitero, ELB we avuga ko Mugunda atari ahari. Nubwo Urugereko rwemera ko, bitewe nimpamzu zimwe na zimwe, ELB ashobora kuba yarabeshye ku byerekeranye no kumenya niba Mugunda yari aho icyaha cyakorewe, ubuhamya bwe bugaragaza ko ubuhamya bwabagabo babiri bibyitso byUregwa buvuguruzanya. Urugereko rusanga umutangabuhamya ushinja wiswe BWW, atavuga ko Mugunda yari aho hantu kandi na we yemera ko yari muri icyo gitero. Urugereko ntirushobora gushingira gusa ku buhamya bwa BWU budafite ubundi bubushyigikira ngo rwanzure ruvuga ko Munyakazi na Mugunda bari mu mugambi mubisha uhuriweho wo gutsembatsemba Abatutsi kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi. Urugereko rusanga kandi, mu myanzuro nsozarubanza ye yaba iyanditse cyangwa iyo mu magambo, nta na hamwe Porokireri avuga ko Mugunda yari kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi. Muri rusange, Urugereko ntirwumvise ubuhamya buhagije kuri Mugunda bwatuma rusuzuma uko bikwiye niba hari uruhare yagize mu gitero cyagabwe i Shangi. 488. Umutangabuhamya ushinja wiswe LCQ ni umwe mu bahohotewe mu gitero cyagabwe kuri Paruwasi ya Mibilizi ku itariki ya 30 Mata. Avuga ko mu bagabye igitero uwo munsi yashoboye kumenyamo babiri, ari bo Munyakazi na Thomas Mugunda. Nubwo rwemeza ko ubuhamya bwa LCQ bwakwizerwa muri rusange, Urugereko rusanga ari we mutangabuhamya wenyine uvuga ko Thomas Mugunda yari kuri Paruwasi ya Mibilizi. Rusanga kandi uyu mugabo atavuga ukuntu yamenye Mugunda ndetse ntanasobanure uruhare uyu muntu yagize muri icyo gitero. ELB
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ruributsa ko uyu
mutangabuhamya afite impamvu yo kugira ibyo ahisha. Umutangabuhamya ushinja wiswe BWW, wemera ko yari mu gitero, ntavuga ko Mugunda yari akirimo. Ahubwo avuga ko icyo gitero cyayobowe nabantu babiri ari bo Munyakazi na Edouard Bandetsi, ariko izina ryuyu Bandetsi ntirivugwa haba mu Nyandiko yibirego cyangwa no mu Myanzuro mbanzirizarubanza ya Porokireri. Urugereko rusanga kandi mu Myanzuro ye nsozarubanza, yaba iyanditse cyangwa iyo mu magambo, Porokireri atavuga ko Mugunda yari kuri Paruwasi ya Mibilizi. Urugereko rusanga ibimenyetso byatanzwe bidahagije bityo rukaba rudashobora kwemeza ko Thomas Mugunda na Munyakazi bari mu mugambi mubisha uhuriweho wo gutsembatsemba Abatutsi kuri Paruwasi ya Mibilizi ku itariki ya 30 Mata 1994.
Umwanzuro wUrugereko ku mugambi mubisha uhuriweho 489. Urugereko rusanga ibivugwa na Porokireri mu buryo budasobanuye neza, mu gika cya 4 cyInyandiko yibirego, ko Uregwa yari mu mugambi mubisha yari ahuriyeho n Interahamwe zo mu Bugarama, bitumvikana bityo bikaba bitashingirwaho mu guhamya umuntu icyaha. 490. Nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, Porokireri ntiyatanze ibimenyetso bihagije byo gushyigikira ibivugwa mu buryo busobanuye kurushaho ko Uregwa, na Tarek Aziz, bari kumwe cyangwa batari kumwe na Thomas Mugunda nabandi bantu bavugwa amazina mu Nyandiko yibirego, bari mu mugambi mubisha uhuriweho. Kubera iyo mpamvu, Urugereko rwanze kwakira umugambi mubisha nkuburyo bwuburyozwacyaha muri uru rubanza.
Umwanzuro rusange wUrugereko ku bundi buryo bwuburyozwacyaha 491. Urugereko ruributsa ko Munyakazi yari umuntu ukomeye mu Bugarama kubera ko yari umukungu kandi akaba yari yarigeze kuba mu buyobozi muri Banki yAbaturage nubwa CAVECUVI. Yafatwaga rero nkumuyobozi ahantu hakorewe ibyaha. Urugereko ruributsa ko nubwo Porokireri atashoboye kugaragaza, ku buryo budashidikanywaho, ko Munyakazi ubwe yishe Abatutsi babasiviri ahantu hakorewe
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ibyaha, rusanga Porokireri yaragaragaje ko Munyakazi yayoboye igitero cyagabwe kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi ku itariki ya 29 Mata 1994, nicyagabwe kuri Paruwasi ya Mibilizi ku itariki ya 30 Mata 1994 (reba Umutwe wa II.8 nuwa II.9). Rusanga kandi ibyo bitero byari bigamije kurimbura Abatutsi babasiviri bari bahungiye aho hantu. Kubera ko yafatwaga nkumuyobozi aho hantu hakorewe icyaha, Urugereko rusanga muri ubwo bwicanyi Munyakazi yaragize uruhare rungana nurwabantu yafashije kubukora. Rusanga kandi Uregwa yaremeye icyemezo cyo gukora ibyaha ndetse akitabira ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryacyo. Urugereko rusanga rero agomba kuryozwa icyaha cyo gukora ubwicanyi kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi ku itariki ya 29 Mata 1994 no kuri Paruwasi ya Mibilizi ku ya 30 Mata 1994.
2 JENOSIDE (IKIREGO CYA 1 NICYA 2) 492. Mu Kirego cya mbere cyInyandiko yibirego, Munyakazi aregwa icyaha cya jenoside hashingiwe ku Ngingo ya 2 (3)(a) ya Sitati. Mu gushyigikira iki kirego, Porokireri ashingira ku bwicanyi bwabereye kuri Paruwasi ya Nyamasheke ku itariki ya 16 Mata 1994, ubwabereye kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi ku ya 29 Mata 1994 nubwabereye kuri Paruwasi ya Mibilizi ku ya 30 Mata 1994. Porokireri avuga ko iki cyaha kiramutse kitamuhamye, Uregwa yashinjwa icyaha cyo kuba icyitso cyabakoze jenoside kivugwa mu kirego cya kabiri. Ibindi bivugwa mu gushyigikira ibyo birego ntibyatangiwe ibimenyetso bibihamya. Urugereko ruramutse rusanze Munyakazi ahamwa nicyaha kivugwa mu kirego cya mbere, ntirwakwirirwa rusuzuma uburyozwacyaha bwe buvugwa mu kirego cya 2.
2.1 Amategeko 493. Umuntu aryozwa icyaha cya jenoside (Ingingo ya 2(3)(a) ya Sitati) iyo yakoze kimwe mu bikorwa biteganywa nIngingo ya 2(2) ya Sitati (igikorwa gifatika cyicyaha) agamije kurimbura abantu bose, cyangwa igice cyabo, bahuriye ku bwenegihugu, ku bwoko cyangwa ku idini, bazira icyo bari cyo ( igitekerezo cyo gukora jenoside )989. Nubwo nta mubare runaka ugomba guherwaho, uwakoze icyaha agomba kuba yari yaritswemo numugambi wo kurimbura byibura igice kinini cyabantu bagize itsinda
989
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ryibasiwe990. Si ngombwa ko uwakoze icyaha aba yari yiritswemo gusa numugambi wo gukora jenoside, ndetse no kuba yari afite impamvu ze bwite ntibimubuza kuba yari afite igitekerezo cyihariye cyo gukora jenoside991. 494. Ubukemuramanza bwemera ko umugambi wo gukora jenoside ugaragazwa kenshi nibimenyetso biziguye992. Iyo nta bimenyetso bitaziguye bihari, umugambi wo gukora jenoside ushobora kugaragarira mu bikorwa bya ngombwa no mu miterere yibintu byatumye, ku buryo budashidikanywaho, habaho uwo mugambi. Mu bintu bishobora kugaragaza ko habayeho igitekerezo cyihariye cyo gukora icyaha, havugwa ibi bikurikira nubwo atari byo byonyine: (a) urwego rusange ibindi byaha byakozwemo byibasiye mu buryo butaziguye kandi buri kuri gahunda abantu bagize iryo tsinda, byaba byarakozwe numuntu umwe cyangwa abandi; (b) ingano yamarorerwa yakozwe; (c) imiterere yayo marorerwa muri rusange, (d) uko yakozwe mu karere runaka cyangwa mu gihugu hose (e) kuba abakorewe ibyaha ari abantu batoranijwe ku bushake kandi mu buryo buri kuri gahunda bazira gusa ko bari mu itsinda runaka; (f) kuba abantu bagize andi matsinda bo bataribasiwe; (g) ibiterekerezo bya politiki byabaye imbarutso yibikorwa bivugwa; (h) inshuro ibyo bikorwa bya kirimbuzi kandi bishingiye ku ivangura byakozwe ; na (i) ikorwa ryibyaha bihungabanya umuzi wiryo tsinda cyangwa se ibyo abakoze ibyaha bafataga nkumuzi waryo993. 495. Mu Nyandiko yibirego, Munyakazi ashinjwa icyaha cyo kwica Abatutsi. Hagaragajwe ku buryo budasubirwaho ko abasiviri bAbatutsi bagizwe itsinda rigomba kurindwa994, kandi Ubwunganizi ntibubijyaho impaka. Ubwicanyi buvugwa bugomba kuba bufite aho buhuriye nigitekerezo cyo kurimbura abantu bose, cyangwa igice cyabo, bagize itsinda ririnzwe995. Muri uru rubanza, Ubwunganizi
Urubanza rwa Bagosora na bagenzi be mu rwIremezo, igika 2115; Urubanza rwa Gacumbitsi mu bujurire, igika cya 44. 991 Urubanza rwa Ntakirutimana mu bujurire, ibika 302-304; Urubanza rwa Niyitegeka mu bujurire, ibika 4854. 992 Urubanza rwa Nahimana mu bujurire, igika cya 524; Urubanza rwa Gacumbitsi mu bujurire, ibika 40, 41 na 44. 993 Urubanza rwa Seromba mu bujurire, igika cya 176, hasubirwamo ibivugwa mu rubanza rwa Seromba mu rwIremezo, igika cya 320. 994 Reba kandi Urubanza rwa Bagosora na bagenzi be mu rwiremezo, igika cya 2116 nigisobanuro cyo hasi hasi ku rupapuro gifite nomero 2338 (Byongeye kandi, urubanza rwose rwaciwe nuru Rukiko ku birebana na jenoside rwemeje ko ubwoko bwAbatutsi ari itsinda ririnzwe mu mategeko ). 995 Urubanza rwa Kayishema na Ruzindana mu bujurire, igika cya 151. 171 CI10-0010K
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ntibujya impaka ku bisabwa mu rwego rwamategeko kugira ngo hemezwe ko icyaha cya jenoside cyakozwe. 2.2 Ikurikizwa ryayo mategeko muri uru rubanza 496. Urugereko rwamaze kwemeza ko Munyakazi yayoboye igitero cyagabwe kuri
Paruwasi ya Shangi ku itariki ya 29 Mata 1994, akaba numwe mu bayoboye igitero cyagabwe kuri Paruwasi ya Mibilizi ku itariki ya 30 Mata 1994 (reba Umutwe wa II.8 nuwa II.9). Ibimenyetso byose byatanzwe bigaragaza ko, uretse abantu bake cyane bakoraga kuri paruwasi nabajandarume batishwe muri ibyo bitero, abandi bantu bari kuri ayo maparuwasi yombi bari biganjemo abasiviri bAbatutsi. Abagabye igitero bishe impunzi ziri hagati yibihumbi bitanu na bitandatu mu gitero cyagabwe kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi ku itariki ya 29 Mata 1994996. Agatsiko kabo bicanyi kishe abandi Batutsi babarirwa hagati ya 60 na 100 mu gitero cyagabwe kuri Paruwasi ya Mibilizi ku itariki ya 30 Mata997. Kubera ko impunzi zarokotse ibyo bitero ari mbarwa, Urugereko rwemeza ko, muri rusange, abagabye igitero bari bagambiriye kurimbura abantu bagize itsinda ririnzwe babaziza ubwoko bwabo. Ubwunganizi ntibwerekanye ko hari indi mpamvu, umugambi cyangwa se igitekerezo runaka byatumye ibyo bitero bigabwa. 497. Urugereko ruributsa ko rutemeye ibivugwa na Porokireri ko Munyakazi yakoze
ibyaha aho hantu hombi mu rwego rwumugambi mubisha uhuriweho. Cyakora, rwemeje ko, hashingiwe ku Ngingo ya 6 (1) ya Sitati, Munyakazi yakoze ubwicanyi (Reba Umutwe III.1.1.2). 498. Urugereko rusanga haratanzwe ibimenyetso bitaziguye bike cyane bigaragaza
igitekerezo Munyakazi yari afite. Umutangabuhamya ushinja wiswe LCQ, warokotse igitero kandi Urugereko rwasanze yakwizerwa, avuga ko Uregwa yabwiye impuzi zari kuri Paruwasi ya Mibilizi ngo: Mwishe Umukuru wigihugu Mugiye kwishyura ibyo mwakoze 998. Uretse ibyo, Porokireri ntiyatanze ikindi kimenyetso
BWR, Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 22 Mata 2009, urup. 54; BWU, Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 4 Kamena 2009, urup. 30. 997 MM, Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 27 Mata 2009, imp. 63-64; Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 28 Mata 2009, urup. 10; MP, Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 27 Mata 2009, imp. 45, 50-51. 998 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 28 Mata 2009, urup. 20. 172 CI10-0010K
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kitaziguye cyerekana ko Uregwa yari ahuje nabandi bantu umugambi wo kwanga Abatutsi nkuko byari bimeze muri rusange icyo gihe. 499. Nta numwe mu baburanyi uhakana ko abantu bari barahungiye kuri izo paruwasi bari biganjemo abasiviri bAbatutsi. Muri Mata 1994, izo paruwasi zombi zagabweho ibitero, kandi ibimenyetso byatanzwe bigaragaza ko mu mpera za Mata abagabye ibitero bateye kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi niya Mibilizi kugira ngo batsembatsembe abantu benshi bari bararokotse ubwicanyi bwibasiye impunzi bwari bwaratangiwe nandi matsinda yabicanyi. Hashingiwe ku bimenyetso byatanzwe, umwanzuro rukumbi Urugereko rushobora gufata nuko abagabye ibitero bakoze ubwicanyi kuri izo paruwasi zombi ku itariki ya 29 niya 30 Mata 1994 bari bagamije kurimbura abasiviri bAbatutsi bo muri utwo duce, bakabica bose cyangwa bakica benshi muri bo. 500. Urugereko rusanga kandi, hakurikijwe ibimenyetso byose byatanzwe mu iburanisha, umwanzuro rukumbi ushyize mu gaciro rwafata ari uko, mu gihe yayoboraga ibitero aho hantu hari impunzi, Uregwa yari azi ko ibyo bitero byari mu rwego rwibindi bitero rusange byibasiye abasiviri bAbatutsi. Ibyo bitero byombi byahitanye abasiviri babarirwa mu bihumbi, kandi nta kimenyetso na kimwe kigaragaza ko Abahutu bakoraga aho hantu nabajandarume bari kuri izo paruwasi ku minsi ivugwa na bo bibasiwe nibitero nkuko byagendekeye Abatutsi bari bahahungiye. Munyakazi yaba yarayoboye ibyo bitero kuko yari asangiye nabandi umugambi wo kwanga Abatutsi, cyangwa yabitewe no gushaka kwikundisha ku bantu bari bahuje ibitekerezo bya politiki cyangwa abategetsi. Ibyo ari byo byose, Urugereko rusanga mu kuyobora ibitero, Munyakazi yari ahuje nabandi umugambi wihariye wo kurimbura itsinda ryabantu barinzwe bari bahungiye kuri izo paruwasi zombi.
501.
Kubera izo mpamvu, Urugereko rusanze Munyakazi ahamwa nicyaha cyo gukora jenoside (Ikirego cya 1), hashingiwe ku Ngingo ya 6 (1), kubera ubwicanyi bwakorewe abasiviri bAbatutsi kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi ku itariki ya 29 Mata 1994
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no kuri Paruwasi ya Mibilizi ku itariki ya30 Mata 1994. Bityo rero, ntahamwa nicyaha kitari icyibanze cyo kuba icyitso cyabakoze jenoside (Ikirego cya 2).
3. IBYAHA BYIBASIYE INYOKOMUNTU (IKIREGO CYA 3) 502. Mu kirego cya 3 cyInyandiko yibirego, Munyakazi ashinjwa itsembatsemba nkicyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu, hashingiwe ku Ngingo ya 3 (b) ya Sitati. Mu gushyigikira iki kirego cya 3, Porokireri ashingira ku bwicanyi bwakorewe kuri Paruwasi ya Nyamasheke ku itariki ya 16 Mata 1994, kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi ku ya 29 Mata 1994, no ku ya Mibilizi ku itariki ya 30 Mata 1994.
3.1 Igitero rusange kandi kiri kuri gahunda 503. Kugira ngo icyaha cyose giteganywa nIngingo ya 3, nkitsembatsemba, kitwe icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu muri TPIR, Porokireri agomba kugaragaza ko icyo cyaha cyakozwe mu rwego rwigitero rusange kandi kiri kuri gahunda cyibasiye abaturage babasiviri bazira ubwenegihugu, ibitekerezo bya politiki, ubwoko cyangwa idini byabo999. Igitero kigabwe ku baturage babasiviri ni igikorwa cyibasiye abo baturage kiri mu rwego rwibikorwa byurugomo cyangwa byubugizi bwa nabi biteganywa mu Ngingo ya 3, kuva ku gaka (a) kugeza kuri (i)1000. Ibisabwa byingenzi biratandukanye: igitero rusange bivuga ingano yigitero numubare wabantu bibasiwe, naho igitero kiri kuri gahunda bivuga uburyo ibikorwa byurugomo biba byateguwe no kuba bidatunguranye1001. 504. Ku birebana nigitekerezo cyo gukora icyaha, uwagikoze agomba kuba yari azi neza ko kiri mu rwego rwigitero rusange, ariko si ngombwa ko aba ahuje umugambi cyangwa intego nabandi bantu bose bari mu gitero1002. Ku buryo bwinyongera, kugira ngo hemezwe ko hakozwe ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu, TPIR isaba ko ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu biba byarakozwe hashingiwe ku mpamvu
999
Sitati ya TPIR, Ingingo ya 3. Urubanza rwa Nahimana na bagenzi be mu bujurire, ibika 915-918; Urubanza rwa Kordi na erkez mu bujurire, igika 666; Urubanza rwa Kunarac na bagenzi be mu bujurire, igika cya 89. 1001 Urubanza rwa Nahimana na bagenzi be mu bujurire, igika cya 920. 1002 Urubanza rwa Gacumbitsi mu bujurire, ibika 86, 103. 174 CI10-0010K
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zubwenegihugu, ibitekerezo bya politiki, ubwoko cyangwa idini , ariko ntibivuga ko hagomba kugaragazwa ko nyiri ukugikora yari yaritswemo nigitekerezo cyo kuvangura1003. 505. Urugereko rwasuzumye ibimenyetso byose byatanzwe, byumwihariko rusuzuma ibyerekeranye nubwoko bwabantu bishwe mu byabaye bivugwa muri uru rubanza. Urugereko rusanga haragaragajwe ko habayeho igitero rusange kandi kiri kuri gahunda cyibasiye abaturage babasiviri bazira ubwoko bwabo. Nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, hazirikanwe imiterere yihariye yubwicanyi bwabaye nuburyo bwakozwe, Urugereko runemera ko Munyakazi yari azi ko ubwicanyi yiroshyemo bwari mu rwego rwicyo gitero rusange. 3.2 Itsembatsemba Amategeko akurikizwa 506. Icyaha cyitsembatsemba ni igikorwa cyubwicanyi bworeka imbaga. Igikorwa kigize icyo cyaha ni igikorwa icyo ari cyo cyose umuntu yakoze, icyo yirengagije gukora, cyangwa se byombi, gituma habaho ku buryo buziguye cyangwa butaziguye ubwicanyi buhitana abantu benshi. Nubwo itsembatsemba ari igikorwa cyubwicanyi buhitana abantu benshi, ibyo ntibivuga ko hari umubare wo hasi ugomba guherwaho kugira ngo icyo cyaha kibeho. Igitekerezo cyo gukora icyaha cyitsembatsemba kigaragazwa nuko Uregwa yari yaritswemo numugambi wo kwica imbaga yabantu cyangwa se gushyira abantu benshi mu mibireho ishobora gutuma bapfa ahantu henshi kandi mu buryo buri kuri gahunda1004. 3.3 Ikurikizwa ryayo mategeko muri uru rubanza
1003
Urubanza rwa Setako mu rwIremezo, igika cya 477, hazubirwamo ibivugwa mu rubanza rwa Urubanza rwa Bagosora na bagenzi be mu rwiremezo, igika cya 2166; Urubanza rwa Akayesu mu rwIremezo, ibika 464-469, 595; Urubanza rwa Bagilishema mu rwIremezo, igika cya 81. 1004 Urubanza rwa Seromba mu bujurire igika cya 189; Urubanza rwa Ntakirutimana mu bujurire, ibika 516, 522; Urubanza rwa Ndindabahizi mu bujurire, igika cya 123 ; Urubanza rwa Branin mu bujurire, ibika 470, 476 ; Urubanza rwa Gacumbitsi mu bujurire, igika cya 86; Urubanza rwa Semanza mu bujurire, ibika 268-269; Urubanza rwa Staki mu bujurire, ibika 259-260. 175 CI10-0010K
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507.
Urugereko
Paruwasi ya Shangi ku itariki ya 29 Mata 1994 no kuri Paruwasi ya Mibilizi ku ya 30 Mata 1994 (reba Umutwe wa II.8 nuwa II.9). Urugereko rwemera kandi ko umubare wabantu bahitanywe nubwo bwicanyi wari munini bihagije ku buryo umuntu yavuga ko habayeho itsembatsemba. Kubera ko abasiviri bAbatutsi benshi bari bahungiye kuri izo paruwasi zombi, biragaragara ko Munyakazi yari afite umugambi wo gukora ubwicanyi butsemba imbaga.
3.4 Umwanzuro wUrugereko 508. Kubera izo mpamvu, Urugereko rusanze Munyakazi ahamwa nitsembatsemba
(Ikirego cya 3) nkicyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu, hashingiwe ku Ngingo ya 6 (1), kubera ubwicanyi yakoreye abasiviri bAbatutsi kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi ku itariki ya 29 Mata 1994 no kuri Paruwasi ya Mibilizi ku ya 30 Mata 1994.
UMUTWE WA IV: IMIKIRIZE YURUBANZA Ikirego cya 1: Ahamwa nicyaha Jenoside. Ikirego cya 2: Ntahamwa nicyaha cyo kuba icyitso cyabakoze Jenoside. Ikirego cya 3: Ahamwa nitsembatsemba nkicyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu.
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UMUTWE WA V: IGENABIHANO 1. INTANGIRIRO 509. Rumaze kubona ko Yussuf Munyakazi ahamwa na jenoside nitsembatsemba nkicyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu, Urugereko rugiye kumugenera igihano gikwiye. 510. Mu kugena igihano hagomba kuzirikanwa intego zo guhana, guca abandi bantu intege ngo be gukora ibyaha, kugorora uregwa, no kurinda abantu ngo be gukorerwa ibyaha. Rushingiye ku Ngingo ya 23 ya Sitati niya 101 yAmategeko Agenga Imiburanishirize nItangwa ryIbimenyetso, Urugereko ruzirikana ibihano bitangwa muri rusange ninkiko zo mu Rwanda, uburemere bwibyaha cyangwa imyitwarire yUregwa, imibereho bwite yUregwa, hakubiyemo nimpamvu nyoroshyacyaha nimpamvu zongera uburyozwacyaha. Urugereko rwa Mbere rwIremezo ruzirikana kandi igihe uwahamwe nicyaha yamaze afungiwe icyo cyaha bitegetswe nurukiko rwigihugu iki niki1005. Nkuko Urugereko rwUbujurire rwabivuze, ibimaze kuvugwa si byo byitabwaho byonyine mu kugena igihano gikwiye. Byongeye kandi, igihe uhamwe nicyaha yamaze afunze ategereje gushyikirizwa Urukiko, ategereje kuburanishwa cyangwa se arimo kuburanishwa kigomba gukurwa mu gihe cyigifungo akatirwa1006.
1.1 Ibivugwa nababuranyi 511. Porokireri asaba ko kuri buri kirego kiri mu Nyandiko yibirego gihama Munyakazi, Urugereko rwa Mbere rwIremezo rwagombye gutanga igihano cyigifungo cya burundu ariko ibihano bikarangizwa mu buryo bukomatanyije. Yongeraho ko ibyaha Uregwa yakoze biremereye, kandi ko nta mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha zihari. Porokireri asaba kandi Urugereko kuzirikana umwanya Uregwa yari afite mu baturage igihe
Urubanza rwa Setako mu rwiremezo, igika 494; Urubanza rwa Renzaho mu rwiremezo, igika 814. Reba kandi Ingingo ya 23 (1)-(3) [ya Sitati] nIngingo ya 101 (B)(i)-(iv) [yAmategeko]. 1006 Urubanza rwa Renzaho mu rwiremezo igika cya 814, hasubirwamo ibivugwa mu rubanza rwa Kajelijeli, Urubanza mu bujurire, igika cya 290. Reba kandi Ingingo ya 101 (C). 177 CI10-0010K
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ibyaha byakorwaga, uruhare yagize mu ikorwa ryibyaha, impavu zamuteye gukora ibyaha nuburyo ibyo byaha byakozwe1007. 512. Porokireri avuga ko impamvu zongera uburyozwacyaha muri uru rubanza zigomba kuba zirimo izatumye Uregwa akora icyaha nicyo yari agamije, kimwe no gucura umugambi wo gukora icyaha, ubushake yagaragaje bwo gukora icyaha, kuba yarateshutse ku nshingano ze no ku mwanya yari afite mu muryango nyarwanda igihe ibyaha byakorwaga, harimo ninshingano yari afite ku baturage1008. 513. Ubwunganizi busaba ko, icyaha kiramutse gihamye Munyakazi, Urugereko rwakwemeza impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zose uko zivugwa mu buhamya bwose bwatanzwe mu iburanisha . Ubwunganizi bushimangira ko Munyakazi yarokoye Abatutsi mu ntambara kandi ko yafatanyije nUrukiko mu iburanisha ryose1009. Byongeye kandi, Ubwunganizi busaba ko, mu kugena igihano, Urugereko rwafata nkimpamvu nyoroshyacyaha, imyaka ya Munyakazi, ubuzima bwe no kuba yarakurikizaga inyigisho zidini rye1010.
1.2 Isesengura ryUrugereko 1.2.1 Uburemere bwicyaha 514. Ibyaha byose biteganywa na Sitati yUrukiko ni ibikorwa binyuranyije bikomeye nAmategeko mpuzamahanga arengera abantu mu gihe cyintambara1011. Mu kugena igihano, Urugereko rwa Mbere rwIremezo rufite ububasha busesuye, nubwo bufite aho bugarukira, bwo gukatira uregwa igihano ku giti cye ruzirikana imibereho ye bwite ndetse nuburemere bwibyaha bimuhama1012.
Imyanzuro nsozarubanza ya Porokireri, imp.163-193; Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 28 Mutarama 2010, urup. 17. 1008 Imyanzuro nsozarubanza ya Porokireri, imp. 49-50. 1009 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 28 Mutarama 2010, imp. 47-48. 1010 Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 28 Mutarama 2010, urup. 49 1011 Urubanza rwa Bagosora na bagenzi be mu rwiremezo, igika 2263, hasubirwamo ibivugwa mu rubanza rwa Urubanza rwa Kayishema na Ruzindana mu bujurire, igika 367 (hasubirwamo Ingingo ya 1 ya Sitati). 1012 Urubanza rwa Setako mu rwiremezo, igika 497; Urubanza rwa Bagosora na bagenzi be mu rwiremezo, igika 2263, hasubirwamo ibivugwa mu rubanza rwa Kajelijeli mu bujurire, igika cya 291. 178 CI10-0010K
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515.
Mu kugena igihano gikwiye, Urugereko rwUbujurire rwemeje ko abantu bameze kimwe kandi baregwa ibintu bisa, bagomba guhabwa ibihano bifite aho bihuriye . Cyakora, rwanasanze iryo hame rifite aho rigarukira kubera ko buri rubanza rugira ibintu byinshi rwihariye, birimo umubare wibyaha byakozwe nimiterere yabyo, imibereho bwite yuregwa, nibindi1013.
516.
Urugereko rwemeje ko Munyakazi yakoze jenoside kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi ku itariki ya 29 Mata 1994 no kuri Paruwasi ya Mibilizi ku ya 30 Mata 19941014. Ibyo byaha biraremeye kandi byahitanye abantu benshi cyane binatera ububabare abandi benshi. Gukora ni uburyo butaziguye bwo gukora icyaha.
517.
Nkuko biteganywa namategeko yo mu Rwanda, ibyaha bisa nibyo Uregwa ashinjwa bishobora guhanishwa igihano cyigifungo cya burundu, bitewe nimiterere yuruhare rwUregwa1015. Muri uru Rukiko, igihano cyigifungo cya burundu kigenerwa muri rusange abantu bacuze umugambi wo gukora amarorerwa, abategetse ko akorwa cyangwa abategetsi bo mu myanya yo jehuru1016. Urugereko rwa Mbere
Urubanza rwa Setako mu rwiremezo, igika 498; Urubanza rwa Bagosora na bagenzi be mu rwiremezo, igika 2263, hasubirwamo ibivugwa mu rubanza rwa Kvoka na bagenzi be mu bujurire, igika cya 681. 1014 Inyandiko yibirego, ibika 13-14. 1015 Urubanza Porokireri aburanamo na Yussuf Munyakazi, No. ICTR-97-36AT-R11bis, Icyemezo ku Cyifuzo cya Porokireri gisaba kwimurira uru rubanza muri Repuburika yu Rwanda, 28 Gicurasi 2008, ibika 24-32; Urubanza Porokireri aburanamo na Gaspard Kanyarukiga, No. ICTR-2002-78-R11bis, Icyemezo ku Cyifuzo cya Porokireri gisaba kwimurira uru rubanza muri Repuburika yu Rwanda, 6 Kamena 2008, ibika 22-25 (isesengura ryurutonde rwibihano bitangwa mu Rwanda); Urubanza Porokireri aburanamo na JeanBaptiste Gatete, No. ICTR-2000-61-R11bis, Icyemezo ku Cyifuzo cya Porokireri gisaba kwimurira uru rubanza muri Repuburika yu Rwanda, 17 Ugushyingo 2008, ibika 22-25. Reba kandi na nurubanza rwa Semanza mu bujurire, igika cya 377 (ingingo isaba Urugereko rwa Mbere rwIremezo kwifashisha imikorere rusange yinkiko zo mu Rwanda ku bihano byigifungo, ntitegeka Urugereko rwa Mbere rwIremezo gukurikiza byanze bikunze iyo mikorere. Itegeka gusa Urugereko rwa Mbere rwIremezo kuzirikana iyo mikorere), hasubirwamo ibivugwa mu rubanza rwa Serushagomu bujurire, igika cya 30; Urubanza rwa Dragan Nikoli mu bujurire, igika cya 69. 1016 Urubanza rwa Bagosora na bagenzi be mu rwiremezo, igika 2270, hasubirwamo ibivugwa mu rubanza rwa Musema mu bujurire igika cya 383 (ruvuga ko abayobozi nabacura umugambi wimvururu runaka bagomba kubiryozwa kurusha abandi, hagafatwa icyemezo ko uburemere bwicyaha ari cyo kintu cya mbere cyitabwaho mu kugena igihano). Igihano cyigifungo cya burundu cyakatiwe abayobozi bakuru bo muri Guverinoma nabasirikare bakuru: reba Urubanza rwa Bagosora na bagenzi be mu rwiremezo, ibika 2265, 2268-2269, 22772279 (Umukuru wIbiro bya Ministiri wIngabo, Komanda wa batayo yabaparakomando, na Komanda wAkarere kimirwano ka gisirikare ka Gisenyi); Urubanza rwa Renzaho mu rwiremezo ibika 819, 826 (Perefe wa Perefegitura yUmujyi wa Kigali akaba na Koloneli mu ngabo zu Rwanda ; Urubanza rwa Ndindabahizi mu rwIremezo, ibika 505, 508, 511 (Minisitiri wImari); Urubanza rwa Niyitegeka mu rwIremezo, ibika 499, 502 (Minisitiri wItangazamakuru); Urubanza rwa Kambanda mu rwIremezo, ibika 44, 61-62 (Minisitiri wIntebe); Urubanza rwa Kamuhanda mu rwIremezo, ibika 6, 764, 770 (Minisitiri wAmashuri Makuru nUbushakashatsi mu byUbuhanga). Hari izindi manza zimwe na zimwe, abayobozi bo mu nzego ziciriritse, kimwe nabantu batakoraga imirimo ya Leta, bakatiwemo igihano cyigifungo cya burundu. Nkurugero, reba urubanza rwa Karera mu rwIremezo, igika cya 585 (Perefe wa Perefegitura ya Kigali-Ngari); Urubanza rwa Kayishema na Ruzindana mu rwIremezo, (Igenabihano), urup. 8 (Kayishema yari Perefe wa Perefegitura ya Kibuye); 179 CI10-0010K
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rwIremezo rwifashisha izindi manza zirimo nizo abaregwa bahamijwemo icyaha cyo kugira uruhare rutaziguye muri jenoside nitsembatsemba ariko ntibakatirwe igihano cyigifungo cya burundu1017.
518.
Urugereko
uburyozwacyaha nizibworoshya. Impamvu zigabanya uburyozwacyaha zigomba gutangirwa ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko ibintu bishoboka, naho impamvu zongera uburyozwacyaha zigomba gutangirwa ibimenyetso bidashidikanywaho na gato. Ingingo yose yatangwa nka kimwe mu bigize icyaha Uregwa yahamijwe ntiribufatwe nkimpamvu yongera uburyozwacyaha1018. 519. Urugereko rwUbujurire rwemeje ko kuba uregwa yarakoresheje nabi umwanya we wubuyobozi cyangwa ijambo yari afite mu baturage bishobora gufatwa nkimpamvu yongera uburyozwacyaha1019. Uru Rugereko ruvuga ko nubwo Munyakazi atari umuntu ukomeye mu rwego rwigihugu cyangwa ngo abe umutegetsi, yari umuntu ufite ijambo mu baturage bo mu gace yari atuyemo. Yakoresheje iryo jambo yari afite mu baturage maze afasha kandi ashyigikira Interahamwe zo mu Bugarama mu gukora ibikorwa bibisha kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi no ku ya Mibilizi. Kuba Munyakazi yarakoresheje nabi ijambo yari afite mu baturage bo mu Bugarama ni impamvu yongera ububi bwicyaha.
Urubanza rwa Gacumbitsi mu bujurire, igika cya 206 (Burugumesitiri); Urubanza rwa Musema mu rwIremezo, ibika 999-1008 (Umuyobozi wUruganda rwIcyayi wavugaga rikijyana); Urubanza rwa Rutaganda mu rwIremezo, ibika 466-473 (Vice-Perezida wa kabiri wInterahamwe ku rwego rwigihugu). 1017 Nkurugero, reba urubanza rwa Simba mu bujurire, ibika 279-288, urup. 103; Urubanza rwa Semanza mu bujurire, ibika 388-389; Urubanza rwa Kayishema na Ruzindana mu bujurire, ibika 191, 194, 352. Mu rubanza rwa Simba, Urugereko rwUbujurire rwahamishijeho igihano cyigifungo cyimyaka 25 uwo musirikare wari mu kiruhuko cyizabukuru yakatiwe, kubera ko yagiye mu bitero bibiri byahitanye abantu. Mu rubanza rwa Semanza, Urugereko rwUbujurire rwakatiye uyu mugabo, wahoze ari Burugumesitiri, igihano cyigifungo cyimyaka 25, kubera icyaha cya jenoside yakoze ku buryo butaziguye ahantu hiciwe imbaga yabantu [Inyandiko yumusemuzi : Bashobora kuba baribeshye aho banditse ko urugereko rwUbujurire rwamukatiye imyaka 25 yigifungo kandi ari 35]. Uregwa Ruzindana yari umucuruzi ukomeye. Urugereko rwUbujurire rwarekeyeho igihano yakatiwe cyigifungo cyimyaka 25, kubera icyaha cya jenoside cyamuhamye. Yakatiwe icyo gihano kubera kubera uruhare rutaziguye yagize muri ibyo bitero. 1018 Urubanza rwa Renzaho mu rwiremezo, igika cya 822, hasubirwamo ibivugwa mu rubanza rwa Ndindabahizi mu bujurire, igika cya 137. 1019 Urubanza rwa Renzaho mu rwiremezo, igika cya 822, hasubirwamo ibivugwa mu rubanza rwa Simba mu bujurire, ibika 284-285. 180 CI10-0010K
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520.
Urugereko
Munyakazi no kuba, mu gihe cya jenoside yaragobotse bamwe mu Batutsi binshuti ze. Cyakora, nkuko Urugereko rwUbujurire rwuru Rukiko rwabyemeje ku buryo bweruye, Urugereko rwa Mbere rwIremezo rufite ububasha bwo kudafata nkimpamvu nyoroshyacyaha ibyerekeranye no kugoboka Abatutsi bamwe na bamwe yihitiyemo 1020. Urugereko rusanga kandi kuba Uregwa yaritwaraga neza mu rwego rwidini nta gaciro byahabwa kuko bitamubujije gukora ibyaha cyangwa ngo bitume asaba imbabazi mu iburanisha. Kubera izo mpamvu, Urugereko rusanga ibimaze kuvugwa bitafatwa nkimpamvu nyoroshyacyaha.
521.
Urugereko rwamaze kwemeza ko Munyakazi ahamwa na jenoside nitsembatsemba nkicyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu. Ibi byaha bombi biteganywa nIngingo ya 2 niya 3 za Sitati yUrukiko. Urugereko rwa Mbere rwIremezo rufite ububasha busesuye bwo kugena igihano kimwe rukumbi. Kenshi iyi mikorere yifashishwa iyo ibyaha byakozwe bishobora gufatwa nkaho byari mu mugambi umwe mubisha1021. Ibyaha Uregwa yahamijwe muri uru rubanza, ari byo jenoside nitsembatsemba nkicyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu, bishingiye ahanini ku bikorwa bimwe.
522.
Kubera impamvu zose zimaze gusesengurwa haruguru, rushingiye ku Ngingo ya 101, Urugereko RUKATIYE Yussuf Munyakazi: Igihano cyigifungo cyIMYAKA MAKUMYABIRI NITANU (25). 1.3 Icyemezo cyUrugereko gishingiye kuri uyu mwanzuro
523.
Hashingiwe ku Ngingo ya 101 (C) yAmategeko, mu gihano cyigifungo Munyakazi akatiwe, hazavanwamo igihe amaze afunzwe kuva yafatwa ku itariki ya 5 Gicurasi 2004. Igihano kimaze gutangwa kizarangirizwa mu gihugu kizagenwa na Perezida
1020 1021
Urubanza rwa Bikindi mu bujurire, ibika 161-63. Urubanza rwa Renzaho mu rwiremezo, igika cya 825, hasubirwamo ibivugwa mu rubanza rwa Nahimana na bagenzi be mu bujurire, ibika 1042-1043 ; Urubanza rwa Simba mu rwIremezo, igika cya 445 ; Urubanza rwa Ndindabahizi mu rwIremezo, igika cya 497. 181 CI10-0010K
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wUrukiko, amaze kugisha inama Urugereko. Gerefiye azamenyesha icyo cyemezo Guverinoma yu Rwanda nigihugu kizaba cyagenwe. 524. Mu gihe agitegereje kwimurirwa mu gihugu agomba kurangirizamo igihano cye cyigifungo, Yussuf Munyakazi araguma muri gereza mu buryo bumwe nubwo asanzwe afunzwemo. 525. Nkuko biteganywa nIngingo ya 102 (A) niya 103 yAmategeko, haramutse habaye ubujurire, irangizarubanza rizasubikwa kugeza igihe hazafatirwa icyemezo kuri ubwo bujurire. Cyakora ukatiwe agomba gukomeza gufungwa. Bikorewe Arusha, ku itariki ya 5 Nyakanga 2010, mu rurimi rwicyongereza.
Perezida wInteko
Umucamanza
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1.
Ku itariki ya 10 Ukwakira 1997, Porokireri yatanze Inyandiko yibirego ashinjamo Emmanuel Bagambiki, Samuel Imanishimwe na Yussuf Munyakazi1022.
2.
Ku itariki ya 26 Gicurasi 2000, kubera ko Yussuf Munyakazi yari atari yagafatwa, Urugereko rwa Mbere rwIremezo rwafashe icyemezo cyo kumukura mu Nyandiko yibirego, kugira ngo urubanza ruregwamo Emmanuel Bagambiki na Liyetona Samuel Imanishimwe ruburanishwe1023.
3.
Ku itariki ya 29 Ugushyingo 2002, mu rwego rwo gutegura urubanza, Urugereko rwa Mbere rwIremezo rwahaye Porokireri uruhushya rwo guhindura Inyandiko yibirego1024. Ku itariki ya 29 Ugushyingo 2002, Porokireri yatanze Inyandiko yibirego yahinduwe ashinjamo Yussuf Munyakazi ibirego bibiri: Ikirego cya 1: Jenoside, cyangwa, mu gihe icyo cyaha cyaramuka kitamuhamye, kuba icyitso cyabakoze jenoside. Ikirego cya 2: Itsembatsemba nkicyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu1025.
4.
Uregwa yafatiwe muri Repuburika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo ku itariki ya 5 Gicurasi 2004, yimurirwa muri Gereza yUmuryango wAbibumbye ku itariki ya 7 Gicurasi 20041026. Ku itariki ya 12 Gicurasi 2004, Munyakazi yitabye bwa mbere Urugereko maze ahakana ibyaha byose ashinjwa1027.
Urubanza Porokireri aburana na Munyakazi, Icyemezo cyemeza Inyandiko yibirego, 10 Ukwakira 1997. Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 26 Gicurasi 2000, urup. 12. 1024 Urubanza Porokireri aburanamo na Munyakazi, Icyemezo ku Cyifuzo cya Porokireri gisaba guhindura Inyandiko yibirego, 29 Ugushyingo 2002. 1025 Inyandiko yibirego yahinduwe yo ku itariki ya 29 Ugushyingo 2002, No. ICTR-97-36A. 1026 Icyemezo ku Cyifuzo gisaba guhindura Icyemezo kibuza umunyururu kubonana nabandi banyururu, 15 Gashyantare 2005, ibika 1, 2, 10-11; Itangazo rigenewe abanyamakuru rya TPIR], ICTR/INFO-9-2-592-EN, 22 Mata 2009. 1027 Kwitaba Urukiko bwa mbere na mbere; Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 12 Gicurasi 2004, urup. 9. 183 CI10-0010K
1023
1022
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5.
Mu nama ntegurarubanza yo ku itariki ya 31 Kanama 2007, Porokireri yavuze ko, ashingiye ku Ngingo ya 11 bis yAmategeko, ashaka gutanga icyifuzo gisaba kwimurira mu rundi rukiko, urubanza aburanamo na Yussuf Munyakazi1028. Ku itariki ya 7 Nzeri 2007, Porokireri yatanze icyifuzo gisaba kohereza urubanza rwa Munyakazi mu nkiko zo mu Rwanda, hashingiwe ku Ngingo ya 11 bis. Ku itariki ya 2 Ukwakira 2007, Ubwunganizi bwatanze igisubizo burwanya icyo cyifuzo. Ku itariki ya 2 Ukwakira 2007, Perezida yashinze Urugereko rwa Mbere rwIremezo III [Inteko ya 3] gusuzuma icyo kibazo cyo kwimurira uru rubanza mu rundi rukiko1029.
6.
Urugereko rwemereye Guverinoma yu Rwanda, Urugaga rwAbavoka rwi Kigali, International Criminal Defence Attorneys Association (ICDAA) [Ishyirahamwe Mpuzamahanga ryAbavoka Bunganira Abaregwa mu manza mpanabyaha] na Human Rights Watch (HRW) [Umuryango Uharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu] kuza mu rubanza nka amici curiae [inshuti zUrukiko]1030, ngo batange ibikerezo ku byerekeranye no kwimurira uru rubanza mu rundi rukiko. Iburanisha kuri icyo Cyifuzo ryabaye ku itariki ya 24 Mata 2008. Ku itariki ya 28 Gicurasi 2008, Urugereko rwa Mbere rwIremezo ntirwemeye icyifuzo cya Porokireri cyo kwimurira uru rubanza mu Rwanda1031.
7.
Porokireri yajuririye Icyemezo cyUrugereko rwa Mbere rwIremezo. Ku itariki ya 18 Nyakanga 2008, Urugereko rwUbujurire rwemereye ICDAA na Repuburika yu Rwanda gutanga imyanzuro nkinshuti zUrukiko1032. Ku itariki ya 8 Ukwakira 2008, Urugereko rwUbujurire rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Porokireri nta shingiro bufite
Inyandikomvugo yiburanisha, 30 Kanama 2007, imp. 1-2. Urubanza Porokireri aburanamo na Munyakazi, Kugena Urugereko rwa Mbere rwIremezo rushinzwe gusuzuma Icyifuzo gisaba ko urubanza rwa Yussuf Munyakazi rwimurirwa mu Rwanda, 2 Ukwakira 2007. 1030 Urubanza Porokireri aburanamoMunyakazi, Icyemezo cyemerera Repuburika yu Rwanda kugira icyo ruvuga, nkigihugu kirebwa nIcyifuzo cya Porokireri cyo kohereza mu Rwanda Inyandiko yibirego yakorewe Yussuf Munyakazi, 9 Ugushyingo 2007; Icyemezo ku Cyifuzo cyUrugaga rwAbavoka rwi Kigali gisaba kuza mu rubanza nkinshuti yUrukiko, 6 Ukuboza 2007; Icyemezo ku Cyifuzo cya International Criminal Defence Attorneys Association (ICDAA) [Ishyirahamwe mpuzamahanga ryabavoka bunganira abaregwa mu manza nshinjabyaha] gisaba kugira icyo ruvuga mu rubanza nkinshuti yUrukiko, 6 Ukuboza 2007; Icyemezo ku Cyifuzo cya Human Rights Watch gisaba kuza mu rubanza nkinshuti yUrukiko, 10 Werurwe 2008. 1031 Urubanza Porokireri aburana na Munyakazi, Icyemezo ku Cyifuzo cya Porokireri gisaba kwimurira urubanza muri Repubulika yu Rwana, Ingingo 11 bis na 74 zAmategeko Agenga Imiburanishirize nItangwa ryIbimenyetso, 28 Gicurasi 2008. 1032 Urubanza Porokireri aburanamo na Munyakazi, Icyemezo ku Cyifuzo cya International Criminal Defence Attorneys Association (ICDAA) gisaba kugira icyo ruvuga mu rubanza nkinshuti yUrukiko, 15 Nyakanga 2008; Icyemezo ku Cyifuzo cya Repuburika yu Rwanda gisaba kugira icyo ruvuga mu rubanza nkinshuti yUrukiko, 18 Nyakanga 2008. 184 CI10-0010K
1029
1028
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maze rugumishaho icyemezo cyUrugereko rwa Mbere rwIremezo cyangira Porokireri kwimurira uru rubanza mu Rwanda1033. 8.
Ku
none Porokireri guhindura Inyandiko yibirego1034. Ku itariki ya 3 Ugushyingo 2008, Porokireri yatanze Inyandiko yibirego yahinduwe bwa kabiri, yongera ibisobanuro birambuye mu Nyandiko yibirego ibanza1035. Ku itariki ya 15 Mata 2009, Perezida wUrukiko, ari we Dennis C. M. Byron, yagennye Inteko yabacamanza yo kuburanisha uru rubanza igizwe na Florence Rita Arrey (Perezida wInteko), Mparany Mamy Richard Rajohnson na Aydin Sefa Akay. 9. Ku itariki ya 30 Werurwe 2009, Porokireri yatanze imyanzuro mbanzirizarubanza1036. Ku itariki ya 17 Mata 2009, Urugereko rwategetse ko uru rubanza rwatangira kuburanishwa ku itariki ya 22 Mata 20091037. Uru rubanza rwatangiye kuburanishwa ku itariki ya 22 Mata 2009.
2. GUSHINJA 10. Porokireri yatangiye kuburana ku itariki ya 22 Mata 2009 maze arangiza ku ya 4 Kamena 2009. Muri iryo burana ryamaze iminsi irindwi, Porokireri yahamagaje abatangabuhamya 11, barimo umwe watanze ubuhamya ari i Kigali1038. Porokireri yatanze kandi ibimenyetso gihamya 28.
Urubanza Porokireri aburanamo na Munyakazi, Icyemezo ku bujurire bwa Porokireri burebana nIcyemezo cyafashwe ku Cyifuzo cye cyasabaga kwimurira urubanza mu zindi nkiko hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 11 bis, 8 Ukwakira 2008. 1034 Urubanza Porokireri aburanamo na Munyakazi, Icyemezo ku Cyifuzo cya Porokireri gisaba guhindura Inyandiko yibirego, 30 Ukwakira 2008. 1035 Inyandiko yibirego yahinduwe bwa kabiri, 3 Ugushyingo 2008. 1036 Imyanzuro mbanzirizarubanza ya Porokireri, hashingiwe ku Ngingo ya 73 bis (B)(ii) yAmategeko Agenga Imiburanishirize nItangwa ryIbimenyetso, 30 Werurwe 2009. 1037 Itegeko rigena itariki urubanza ruzatangiriraho kuburanishwa, hashingiwe ku Ngingo ya 54 yAmategeko Agenga Imiburanishirize nItangwa ryIbimenyetso, 17 Mata 2007. 1038 Urubanza Porokireri aburanamo na Munyakazi, Icyemezo ku Cyifuzo cyihutirwa cyane cya Porokireri gisaba ko BWW yatanga ubuhamya, 20 Gicurasi 2009. 185 CI10-0010K
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3. KWIREGURA 11. Nyuma yinama ibanziriza itangwa ryibimenyetso bishinjura yabaye ku itariki ya 9 Kamena 2009, Urugereko rwa Mbere rwIremezo rwategetse ko Ubwunganizi bwatangira kwiregura ku itariki ya 31 Kanama 20091039. Ubwunganizi bwatanze imyanzuro yabwo mbanzirizarubanza ku itariki ya 31 Nyakanga 20091040. 12. Ku itariki ya 25 Kanama 2009, Urugereko rwa Mbere rwIremezo rwategetse Ubwunganizi kugabanya umbare wabatangabuhamya bwateganyaga gutanga1041. 13. Ubwunganizi bwatangiye kuburana ku itariki ya 31 Kanama 2009. Mu minsi cumi numwe bwamaze buburana, Ubwunganizi bwahamagaje abatangabuhamya 20, barimo nUregwa, watanze ubuhamya bwe nyuma yabandi bose. Ubwunganizi bwatanze kandi ibimenyetso gihamya 29.
4. INDI MIHANGO YAKURIKIYEHO 14. Ku itariki ya 20 Ukwakira 2009, Ubwunganizi bwatanze icyifuzo gisaba Urugereko kujya aho ibyaha bivugwa byakorewe1042. Porokireri yatanze Imyanzuro ye nsozarubanza ku itariki ya 16 Ukuboza 2009, naho Ubwunganizi butanga iyabwo ku ya 17 Ukuboza 2009. 15. Imyanzuro nsozarubanza mu magambo yatanzwe mu iburanisha ryo ku itariki ya 28 Mutarama 2010. Ku itariki ya 17 Werurwe 2010, Urugereko rwemeje ko icyifuzo cyUbwunganizi kirusaba kugera aho ibyaha byakorewe gifite ishingiro1043. Ku itariki ya 7 Gicurasi 2010, Urugereko rwongeye gusuzuma icyifuzo cyUbwunganizi cyarusabaga kugera aho ibyaha byakorewe, maze rufata umwanzuro ko, nyuma yo
Itegeko rigena ingengabihe yiburanisha nyuma yInama ibanziriza itangwa ryibimenyetso bishinjura, 9 Kamena 2009. 1040 Imyanzuro ya Yussuf Munyakazi mu Nama ibanziriza itangwa ryibimenyetso bishinjura, 31 Nyakanga 2009. 1041 Itegeko ryurugereko risaba Ubwunganizi kugabanya umubare wAbatangabuhamya buteganya guhamagaza (Ingingo ya 54 niya 73 ter (D) zAmategeko Agenga Imiburanishirize nItangwa ryIbimenyetso), 25 Kanama 2009. 1042 Icyifuzo cya Yussuf Munyakazi gisaba Urugereko kujya aho ibyaha byakorewe, (Ingingo 4 yAmategeko Agenga Imiburanishirize nItangwa ryIbimenyetso), 20 Ukwakira 2009. 1043 Icyemezo ku Cyifuzo cya Yussuf Munyakazi gisaba Urugereko kujya aho ibyaha byakorewe, 17 Werurwe 2010. 186 CI10-0010K
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gusuzumana ubushishozi ibimenyetso byose byatanzwe, atari ngombwa ko rujya aho ibyaha byakorewe1044. 16. Urugereko rwa Mbere rwIremezo rwasomye incamake yuru rubanza ku itariki ya 30 Kamena 2010, hanyuma rutanga Inyandiko yuzuye yurubanza ku itariki ya 5 Nyakanga 2010.
1044
Guhindura Icyemezo ku Cyifuzo cya Yussuf Munyakazi gisaba Urugereko kujya aho ibyaha byakorewe, 7 Gicurasi 2010. 187 CI10-0010K
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UMUGEREKA B:
BYAMAGAMBO NIMPINE ZAMAGAMBO BYAKORESHEJWE 1. UBUKEMURAMANZA a. TPIR [Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga Rwashyiriweho u Rwanda] Akayesu
Urubanza Porokireri aburanamo na Jean-Paul Akayesu mu rwiremezo, Urubanza No. ICTR96-4-T, 2 Nzeri 1998 (Urubanza rwa Akayesu mu rwIremezo) Urubanza Porokireri aburanamo na Jean-Paul Akayesu mu bujurire, Urubanza No. ICTR-964-A, 1 Kamena 2001 (Urubanza rwa Akayesu mu bujurire) Bagilishema Urubanza Porokireri aburanamo na Ignace Bagilishema mu rwiremezo, Urubanza No. ICTR95-1A-T, 7 Kamena 2001 (Urubanza rwa Bagilishema mu rwIremezo) Bagosora na bagenzi be Urubanza Porokireri aburanamo na Thoneste Bagosora na bagenzi be mu rwiremezo, Urubanza No. ICTR-98-41-T, Icyemezo ku Cyifuzo gisaba inyandiko zakozwe mu manza zo mu Rwanda zirebana nAbatangabuhamya bashinja (Urugereko rwa Mbere rwIremezo ), 16 Ukuboza 2003 Urubanza Porokireri aburanamo na Thoneste Bagosora na bagenzi be mu rwiremezo, Urubanza No. ICTR-98-41-T, Icyemezo ku bujurire ku byemezo byagateganyo bwatanzwe Aloys Ntabakuze ku itariki ya 29 Kamena 2006, Urugereko rwa Mbere rwIremezo I ; Icyemezo ku Cyifuzo gisaba kutemera ibimenyetso runaka (Urugereko rwUbujurire), 18 Nzeri 2006
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Urubanza Porokireri aburanamo na Thoneste Bagosora na bagenzi be mu rwiremezo, Urubanza No. ICTR 98-41-T, 18 Ukuboza 2008 (Urubanza rwa Bagosora na bagenzi be mu rwIremezo) Bikindi Urubanza Porokireri aburanamo na Simon Bikindi mu bujurire, Urubanza No. ICTR-01-72A, 18 Werurwe 2010. Gacumbitsi Urubanza Porokireri aburanamo na Sylvestre Gacumbitsi mu rwiremezo, Urubanza No. ICTR-2001-64-T, 17 Kamena 2004 (Urubanza rwa Gacumbitsi mu rwIremezo). Urubanza Sylvestre Gacumbitsi aburanamo na Porokireri mu bujurire, Urubanza No. ICTR2001-64-A, 7 Nyakanga 2006 (Urubanza rwa Gacumbitsi mu bujurire) Gatete Urubanza Porokireri aburanamo na Jean-Baptiste Gatete, Urubanza No. ICTR-2000-61R11bis, Icyemezo ku Cyifuzo cya Porokireri gisaba kwimurira urubanza muri Repuburika yu Rwanda (Urugereko rwa Mbere rwIremezo ), 17 Ugushyingo 2008. Kajelijeli Urubanza Porokireri aburanamo na Juvnal Kajelijeli mu rwiremezo, No. ICTR-98-44A-T, Urubanza nigenagihano, 1 Ukuboza 2003 (Urubanza rwa Kajelijeli mu rwIremezo). Urubanza Juvnal Kajelijeli aburanamo na Porokireri mu bujurire, Urubanza No. ICTR-9844A-A, 23 Gicurasi 2005 (Urubanza rwa Kajelijeli mu bujurire). Kambanda Urubanza Porokireri aburanamo na Jean Kambanda mu rwiremezo, Urubanza No. ICTR-9723-S, Urubanza nigenagihano, 4 Nzeri 1998 (Urubanza rwa Kambanda mu rwIremezo).
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Kamuhanda Urubanza Porokireri aburanamo na Jean de Dieu Kamuhanda mu rwiremezo, No. ICTR-9554A-T, 22 Mutarama 2004 (Urubanza rwa Kamuhanda mu rwIremezo) Kanyarukiga Urubanza Porokireri aburanamo na Gaspard Kanyarukiga, No. ICTR-2002-78-R11bis, Icyemezo ku Cyifuzo cya Porokireri gisaba kwimurira urubanza muri Repuburika yu Rwanda (Urugereko rwa Mbere rwIremezo ), 6 Kamena 2008. Karera Urubanza Porokireri aburanamo na Franois Karera mu rwiremezo, Urubanza No. ICTR-0174-T, Urubanza nigenagihano, 7 Ukuboza 2007 (Urubanza rwa Karera mu rwIremezo). Kayishema na Ruzindana Urubanza Porokireri aburanamo na Clment Kayishema na Obed Ruzindana mu rwiremezo, Urubanza No. ICTR-95-I-T, 21 Gicurasi 1999 (Urubanza rwa Kayishema na Ruzindana mu rwIremezo). Urubanza Porokireri aburanamo na Clment Kayishema na Obed Ruzindana mu bujurire, Urubanza No. ICTR-95-I-A, 1 Kamena 2001 (Urubanza rwa Kayishema na Ruzindana mu bujurire). Mpambara Urubanza Porokireri aburanamo na Jean Mpambara mu rwiremezo, Urubanza No. ICTR-0165-T, 11 Nzeri 2006 (Urubanza rwa Mpambara mu rwIremezo). Muhimana Urubanza Mikaeli Muhimana aburanamo na Porokireri mu bujurire, Urubanza No. ICTR-951B-A, 21 Gicurasi 2007 (Urubanza rwa Muhimana mu bujurire).
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Musema Urubanza Porokireri aburanamo na Alfred Musema mu rwiremezo, Urubanza No. ICTR-9613-T, Urubanza nigenabihano, 27 Mutarama 2000 (Urubanza rwa Musema mu rwIremezo). Urubanza Alfred Musema aburanamo na Porokireri mu bujurire, Urubanza No. ICTR-96-13A, 16 Ugushyingo 2001 (Urubanza rwa Musema mu bujurire). Muvunyi Urubanza Tharcisse Muvunyi aburanamo na Porokireri mu bujurire, Urubanza No. ICTR2000-55A-A, 29 Kanama 2008 (Urubanza rwa Muvunyi mu bujurire). Nahimana na bagenzi be Urubanza Ferdinand Nahimana na bagenzi be baburanamo na Porokireri mu bujurire, Urubanza No. ICTR-99-52-A, 28 Ugushyingo 2007 (Urubanza rwa Nahimana na bagenzi be mu bujurire). Ndindabahizi Urubanza Porokireri aburanamo na Emmanuel Ndindabahizi mu rwiremezo, Urubanza No. ICTR-2001-71-T, Urubanza nigenabihano, 15 Nyakanga 2004 (Urubanza rwa Ndindabahizi, mu rwIremezo). Urubanza Emmanuel Ndindabahizi aburanamo na Porokireri mu bujurire, Urubanza No. ICTR-01-71-A, 16 Mutarama 2007 (Urubanza rwa Ndindabahizi mu bujurire). Niyitegeka Urubanza Porokireri aburanamo na Elizer Niyitegeka mu rwiremezo, Urubanza No. ICTR96-14-T, Urubanza nigenabihano, 16 Gicurasi 2003 (Urubanza rwa Niyitegeka mu rwIremezo).
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Urubanza Elizer Niyitegeka aburanamo na Porokireri mu bujurire, Urubanza No. ICTR-9614-A, 9 Nyakanga 2004 (Urubanza rwa Niyitegeka mu bujurire). Urubanza Elizer Niyitegeka aburanamo na Porokireri, No. ICTR-96-14-R, Icyemezo ku Cyifuzo gisaba gusubira mu Cyemezo cyafashwe (Urugereko rwUbujurire), 30 Kamena 2006. Nsengimana Urubanza Porokireri aburanamo na Hormisdas Nsengimana mu rwiremezo, Urubanza No. ICTR-01-69-T, 17 Ugushyingo 2009 (Urubanza rwa Nsengimana mu rwIremezo). Ntagerura na bagenzi be Urubanza Porokireri aburanamo na Andr Ntagerura na bagenzi be mu rwiremezo, Urubanza No. ICTR-99-46-T, Urubanza nigenabihano, 25 Gashyantare 2004 (Urubanza rwa Ntagerura na bagenzi be mu rwIremezo). Urubanza Porokireri aburanamo na Andr Ntagerura na bagenzi be mu bujurire, Urubanza No. ICTR-99-46-A, 7 Nyakanga 2006 (Urubanza rwa Ntagerura na bagenzi be mu bujurire). Ntakirutimana Urubanza Porokireri aburanamo na Elizaphan Ntakirutimana na Grard Ntakirutimana mu bujurire, Imanza No. ICTR-96-10-A na No. ICTR-96-17-A, 13 Ukuboza 2004 (Urubanza rwa Ntakirutimana mu bujurire). Renzaho Urubanza Porokireri aburanamo na Tharcisse Renzaho mu rwiremezo, Urubanza No. ICTR97-31-T, Urubanza mu rwIremezo, 14 Nyakanga 2009 (Renzaho, Urubanza mu rwIremezo).
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Rutaganda Urubanza Porokireri aburanamo na Georges Anderson Nderubumwe Rutaganda mu rwiremezo, Urubanza No. ICTR-96-3-T, Urubanza nigenabihano, 6 Ukuboza 1999 (Urubanza rwa Rutaganda mu rwIremezo). Urubanza Georges Anderson Nderubumwe Rutaganda aburanamo na Porokireri mu bujurire, Urubanza No. ICTR-96-3-A, 26 Gicurasi 2003 (Urubanza rwa Rutaganda mu bujurire). Urubanza Georges Anderson Nderubumwe Rutaganda aburanamo na Porokireri mu bujurire, Urubanza No. ICTR-96-03-R, Icyemezo ku Byifuzo bisaba gusubira mu Cyemezo cyafashwe, kugihindura, kugena Avoka wunganira Uregwa, kumenyekanisha inyandiko, no gusobanura neza ibintu bimwe na bimwe, 8 Ukuboza 2006. Semanza Urubanza Porokireri aburanamo na Laurent Semanza mu rwiremezo, Urubanza No. ICTR97-20-T, Urubanza nigenabihano, 15 Gicurasi 2003 (Urubanza rwa Semanza mu rwIremezo). Urubanza Laurent Semanza aburanamo na Porokireri mu bujurire, Urubanza No. ICTR-9720-A, 20 Gicurasi 2005 (Urubanza rwa Semanza mu bujurire). Seromba Urubanza Porokireri aburanamo na Athanase Seromba mu rwiremezo, Urubanza No. ICTR2001-66-T, 13 Ukuboza 2006 (Urubanza rwa Seromba mu rwIremezo). Urubanza Porokireri aburanamo na Athanase Seromba mu bujurire, Urubanza No. ICTR2001-66-A, 12 Werurwe 2008 (Urubanza rwa Seromba mu bujurire). Serushago
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Urubanza Omar Serushago aburanamo na Porokireri mu bujurire, Urubanza No. ICTR-98-39A, Impamvu zurubanza, 6 Mata 2000 (Urubanza rwa Serushago mu bujurire). Simba Urubanza Porokireri aburanamo na Aloys Simba mu rwiremezo, Urubanza No. ICTR-01-76T, Icyemezo ku Cyifuzo cyUbwunganizi gisaba guhabwa inyandiko zimanza, hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 68 (Urugereko rwa Mbere rwIremezo ), 4 Ukwakira 2004 Urubanza Porokireri aburanamo na Aloys Simba mu rwiremezo, Urubanza No. ICTR-01-76T, Urubanza nigenabihano, 13 Ukuboza 2005 (Urubanza rwa Simba mu rwIremezo). Urubanza Aloys Simba aburanamo na Porokireri mu bujurire, Urubanza No. ICTR-01-76-A, 27 Ugushyingo 2007 (Urubanza rwa Simba mu bujurire). Zigiranyirazo Urubanza Porokireri aburanamo na Protais Zigiranyirazo mu rwiremezo, Urubanza No. ICTR-01-73-T, 18 Ukuboza 2008 (Urubanza rwa Zigiranyirazo mu rwIremezo). Urubanza Protais Zigiranyirazo aburanamo na Porokireri mu bujurire, Urubanza No. ICTR01-73-A, 16 Ugushyingo 2009 (Urubanza Zigiranyirazo mu bujurire).
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b. TPIY [Urukiko
Icyahoze ari Yugosilaviya] Blagojevi na Joki Urubanza Porokireri aburanamo na Vidoje Blagojevi na Dragan Joki mu bujurire, Urubanza No. IT-02-60-A, 9 Gicurasi 2007 (Urubanza rwa Blagojevi na Joki mu bujurire). Blaki Urubanza Porokireri aburanamo na Tihomir Blaki mu bujurire, Urubanza No. IT-95-14-A, 29 Nyakanga 2004 (Urubanza rwa Blaki mu bujurire). Branin Urubanza Porokireri aburanamo na Radoslav Branin mu rwiremezo, Urubanza No. IT-9936-T, 1 Nzeri 2004 (Urubanza rwa Branin mu rwIremezo). Urubanza Porokireri aburanamo na Radoslav Branin mu bujurire, Urubanza No. IT-99-36A, 3 Mata 2007 (Urubanza rwa Branin mu bujurire). Gali Urubanza Porokireri aburanamo na Stanislav Gali mu bujurire, Urubanza No. IT-98-29-A, 30 Ugushyingo 2006 (Urubanza rwa Galimu bujurire). Halilovi Urubanza Porokireri aburanamo na Sefer Halilovi mu bujurire, Urubanza No. IT-01-48-A, 16 Ukwakira 2007 (Urubanza rwa Halilovi mu bujurire).
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Jelisi Urubanza Porokireri aburanamo na Goran Jelisi mu bujurire, Urubanza No. IT-95-10-A, 5 Nyakanga 2001 (Urubanza rwa Jelisi mu bujurire). Kordi na erkez Urubanza Porokireri aburanamo na Dario Kordi na Mario erkez mu bujurire, Urubanza No. IT-95-14/2-A, 17 Ukuboza 2004 (Urubanza rwa Kordi na erkez mu bujurire). Krnojelac Urubanza Porokireri aburanamo na Milorad Krnojelac mu bujurire, Urubanza No. IT-97-25A, 17 Nzeri 2003 (Urubanza rwa Krnojelac mu bujurire). Krsti Urubanza Porokireri aburanamo na Radoslav Krsti mu bujurire, Urubanza No. IT-98-33-A, 19 Mata 2004 (Urubanza rwa Krsti mu bujurire). Kunarac na bagenzi be Urubanza Porokireri aburanamo na Dragoljub Kunarac na bagenzi be mu rwiremezo, No. IT-96-23-T na IT-96-23/1-T, 22 Gashyantare 2001 (Urubanza rwa Kunarac na bagenzi be mu rwIremezo). Urubanza Porokireri aburanamo na Dragoljub Kunarac na bagenzi be mu bujurire, Urubanza No. IT-96-23-A na IT-96-23/1-A, 12 Kamena 2002 (Urubanza rwa Kunarac na bagenzi be mu bujurire). Kupreki na bagenzi be Urubanza Porokireri aburanamo na Zoran Kupreki na bagenzi be mu bujurire, Urubanza No. IT-95-16-A, 23 Ukwakira 2001 (Urubanza rwa Kupreki na bagenzi be mu bujurire).
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Kvoka na bagenzi be Urubanza Porokireri aburanamo na Miroslav Kvoka na bagenzi be mu bujurire, Urubanza No. IT-98-30/1-A, 28 Gashyantare 2005 (Urubanza rwa Kvoka na bagenzi be mu bujurire). Limaj na bagenzi be Urubanza Porokireri aburanamo na Fatmir Limaj na bagenzi be mu rwiremezo, Urubanza No. IT-03-66-T, 30 Ugushyingo 2005 (Urubanza rwa Limaj na bagenzi be mu rwIremezo). Dragomir Miloevic Urubanza Porokireri aburanamo na Dragomir Miloevi mu bujurire, Urubanza No. IT-9829/1-A, 12 Ugushyingo 2009 (Urubanza rwa Dragomir Miloevi mu bujurire). Naletili na Martinovi Urubanza Porokireri aburanamo na Mladen Naletili, bahimba TUTA na Vinko Martinovi, bahimba TELA mu bujurire, Urubanza No. IT-98-34-A, 3 Gicurasi 2006 (Urubanza rwa Naletili na Martinovi mu bujurire) Dragan Nikoli Urubanza Porokireri aburanamo na Dragan Nikoli mu bujurire, Urubanza No. IT-94-2-A, Urubanza nIgenabihano, 4 Gashyantare 2005 (Urubanza rwa Dragan Nikoli mu bujurire). Ori Urubanza Porokireri aburanamo na Naser Ori, No. IT-03-68-A, Urubanza mu bujurire, 3 Nyakanga 2008 (Ori Urubanza mu bujurire). Simi Urubanza Porokireri aburanamo na Blagoje Simi mu bujurire, Urubanza No. IT-95-9-A, 28 Ugushyingo 2006 (Urubanza rwa Simi mu bujurire).
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Staki Urubanza Porokireri aburanamo na Milomir Staki mu bujurire, Urubanza No. IT-97-24-A, 22 Werurwe 2006 (Urubanza rwa Staki mu bujurire). Tadi Urubanza Porokireri aburanamo na Duko Tadi mu bujurire, Urubanza No. IT-94-1-A, 15 Nyakanga 1999 (Urubanza rwa Tadi mu bujurire). Vasiljevi Urubanza Porokireri aburanamo na Mitar Vasiljevi mu bujurire, Urubanza No. IT-98-32-A, 25 Gashyantare 2004 (Urubanza rwa Vasiljevi mu bujurire).
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2. IBISOBANURO BYAMAGAMBO AMWE NAMWE YAKORESHEJWE NIMPINAMAGAMBO [MU MWIMERERE] Abakombozi Ishami ryurubyiruko rwa PSD (Ishyaka riharanira demokarasi nimibereho myiza yabaturage). CAVECUVI Koperative itera inkunga abahinzi bumuceri bo mu karere ka Bugarama, mu kuwuhinga no kuwucuruza. CDR Coalition pour la Dfense de la Rpublique [Impuzamugambi ziharanira Repuburika] CIMERWA Cement du Rwanda [Uruganda rwa Sima rwu Rwanda] CND Conseil National pour le Dveloppement [Inama yigihugu iharanira amajyambere] Imyanzuro nsozarubanza yUbwunganizi Urubanza Porokireri aburanamo Yussuf Munyakazi, No. ICTR-97-36A, Imyanzuro nsozarubanza yUbwunganizi, yatanzwe ku itariki ya 17 Ukuboza 2009. DRC Democratic Republic of Congo [Repuburika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]. Mu wa 1994, icyo gihugu cyitwaga Zayire.
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ESO cole des sous-officiers [Ishuri ryabasuzofisiye] ICTR cyangwa Urukiko Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga rushinzwe gucira imanza abantu bakekwaho kuba barakoreye mu Rwanda ibyaha bya jenoside cyangwa ibindi byaha bikomeye binyuranyije n'amategeko mpuzamahanga arengera abantu mu gihe cyintambara, nAbanyarwanda bakekwaho kuba barabikoreye mu bihugu bituranye nu Rwanda hagati yitariki ya 1 Mutarama niya 31 Ukuboza 1994. ICTY [TPIY] Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga rushinzwe gucira imanza abantu bakekwaho kuba barakoreye mu gihugu cyahoze cyitwa Yugosilaviya ibyaha bikomeye binyuranyije n'amategeko mpuzamahanga arengera abantu mu gihe cyintambara kuva mu wa 1991 Inyandiko yibirego Urubanza Porokireri aburanamo na Yussuf Munyakazi, No. ICTR-97-36A, Inyandiko yibirego yahinduwe bwa kabiri, 3 Ugushyingo 2008. JDR Jeunesses dmocratique rpublicaine [Ishami ryurubyiruko rwa MDR] MDR Mouvement Dmocratique Rpublicain [Ishyaka riharanira demokarasi muri Repuburika] MRND Mouvement Rvolutionnaire National pour la Dmocratie et le Dveloppement [Muvoma Revolisiyoneri Iharanira Demokarasi nAmajyambere [Ndt : bagomba kuba baribeshye mu
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nyandiko
yumwimerere,
aho
bashyize
Rvolutionnaire
hagombaga
kuba
Rpublicain ]. Urup. (imp.) Urupapuro (Impapuro). PDC Parti Dmocrate Chrtien [Ishyaka rya gikirisitu riharanira demokarasi] PDI Parti Dmocrate Islamique [Ishyaka riharanira demokarasi ya kiyisilamu] PL Parti Libral [Ishyaka riharanira ukwishyira ukizana kwa buri muntu] Imyanzuro mbanzirizarubanza ya Porokireri Urubanza Porokireri aburanamo na Yussuf Munyakazi, No. ICTR-97-36A, Imyanzuro mbanzirizarubanza ya Porokireri, hashingiwe ku Ngingo ya 73 bis (B)(ii) yAmategeko Agenga Imiburanishirize nItangwa ryIbimenyetso, 30 Werurwe 2009. Imyanzuro nsozarubanza ya Porokireri Urubanza Porokireri aburanamo na Yussuf Munyakazi, No. ICTR-97-36A, Imyanzuro nsozarubanza ya Porokireri, yatanzwe ku itariki ya 16 Ukuboza 2009. PSD Parti Social Dmocrate [Ishyaka riharanira demokarasi nimibereho myiza yabaturage] RP (RPP)
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Impapuro zo mu biro bya Gerefiye (hashingiwe kuri nomero yurupapuro rwa dosiye icungwa nibiro bya Gerefiye) RPF Rwandese Patriotic Front [Umuryango wa FPR] RTLM Radio Tlvision Libre des Mille Collines [Radiyo RTLM] Amategeko Amategeko Agenga Imiburanishirize nItangwa ryIbimenyetso yUrukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga Rwashyiriweho u Rwanda. Sitati Sitati yUrukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga Rwashyiriweho u Rwanda, rwashyizweho nInama Ishinzwe Amahoro ku Isi, mu Cyemezo 955.
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Urubanza N ICTR-97-36A-I
Umwimerere : ICYONGEREZA
POROKIRERI
ABURANA NA
Yussuf MUNYAKAZI
Ashingiye ku bubasha ahabwa ningingo ya 17 ya Sitati yUrukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga rwashyiriweho u Rwanda (Sitati yUrukiko), Porokireri wUrukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga Rwashyiriweho u Rwanda (Porokireri) ararega: Yussuf Munyakazi Icyaha cya JENOSIDE, JENOSIDE, cyaba kitamuhamye akamurega KUBA ICYITSO
CYABAKOZE yUrukiko.
nITSEMBATSEMBA
NKICYAHA
CYIBASIYE
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UREGWA 1. Yussuf Munyakazi yavukiye muri Komine ya Rwamatamu, Perefegitura ya Kibuye mu mwaka wa 1935. Mu gihe kivugwa muri iyi nyandiko yibirego, Yussuf Munyakazi yari umucuruzi akaba numuhinzi ukomeye wacuruzaga ibyo yejeje, wo muri Komine ya Bugarama (Perefegitura ya Cyangugu). Yari numukuru wInterahamwe za MRND zo mu Bugarama azifiteho ububasha adakomora ku mategeko (Interahamwe zo mu Bugarama).
2. Hagati yitariki ya 1 Mutarama niya 31 Ukuboza 1994, buri Munyarwanda yabarirwaga muri bumwe muri ubu bwoko bukurikira: Umututsi, Hutu cyangwa Twa. 3. Hagati yitariki ya 6 Mata niya 17 Nyakanga 1994, mu Rwanda hose hagabwe ibitero rusange kandi biri kuri gahunda byibasiye abasivili, bazira ubwoko bwabo bwAbatutsi, kutavuga rumwe na MRND, gukekwaho kutavuga rumwe niryo shyaka, cyangwa se gushyigikira Abatutsi. Ibyo bitero byahitanye abantu benshi bo mu bwoko bwAbatutsi nabandi bafatwaga nkabatavuga rumwe na MRND, barimo nAbahutu batari intagondwa.
4. Muri icyo gihe kivugwa muri iyi nyandiko yibirego, Yussuf Munyakazi we ubwe yakoze ibyaha cyangwa se yafatanyije nabandi kubikora mu rwego rwumugambi mubisha uhuriweho, ari bo: Ndutiye bahimba Tarek Aziz, Ndereya Mundere, Samuel Bekeraho, Theobald Habineza, Zacharie alias Mariyo, Marcel Sebatware, Casimir Ndolimana, Thomas Mugunda, Ngarukiye, Elias Bakundukize, Interahamwe zo mu Bugarama nabandi. Muri uwo mugambi mubisha uhuriweho, bari bafite intego yo gukora jenoside nibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu babikorera Abatutsi. Mu gutsotsoba uwo mugambi mubisha uhuriweho, Yussuf Munyakazi yafatanyije nabari bagize uwo mugambi bagamije kurimbura Abatutsi bose cyangwa se igice cyabo.
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IBIREGO UBURYOZWACYAHA BWUMUNTU KU GITI CYE Ingingo ya 6.1 ya Sitati 5. Hashingiwe ku Ngingo ya 6.1 ya Sitati, Yussuf Munyakazi aryozwa ibyaha bivugwa muri iyi nyandiko yibirego kubera ko yacuze umugambi wo gukora ibyaha, agategeka kandi agahamagarira abantu kubikora, akabikora na we ubwe, cyangwa se mu bundi buryo ubwo ari bwo bwose agafasha kandi agashishikariza abantu gucura umugambi wo gukora ibyaha, kubitegura cyangwa kubitsotsoba. Byongeye kandi, Uregwa yagize uruhare mu mugambi mubisha uhuriweho wari ugamije kurimbura abantu bose bo mu bwoko bwAbatutsi cyangwa se igice cyabo, muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu niya Kibuye. Mu kugera kuri uwo mugambi mubisha, Uregwa, we ubwe cyangwa afatanyije nabandi bantu bazwi cyangwa batazwi, yagize uruhare rukomeye mu gusohoza uwo mugambi mubisha uhuriweho. Uwo mugambi mubisha uhuriweho wari ugamije gukora ibyaha bivugwa muri iyi Nyandiko yibirego.
Ikirego cya mbere : JENOSIDE 6. Porokireri arega Yussuf Munyakazi jenoside, icyaha giteganywa ningingo ya 2.3 a) ya Sitati yUrukiko, kubera ko hagati yitariki ya 6 Mata niya 17 Nyakanga 1994, muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu niya Kibuye, Yussuf Munyakazi, agamije kurimbura abantu bose bo mu bwoko bwAbatutsi cyangwa igice cyabo, yacuze umugambi wo gukora ibyaha, ategeka kandi ahamagarira abantu kubikora, arabikora na we ubwe cyangwa se mu bundi buryo ubwo ari bwo bwose, afasha kandi ashishikariza abandi bantu gucura umugambi, gutegura no gutsotsoba icyaha cyubwicanyi bwibasiye Abatutsi cyangwa se icyo kubatera ububabare bukomeye bwaba ubwumubiri cyangwa se ubwo mu mutwe, nkuko bivugwa mu bika bikurikira birebana nibyabaye:
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7. Porokireri ararega Yussuf Munyakazi kuba icyitso cyabakoze jenoside, icyaha giteganywa ningingo ya 2.3 e) ya Sitati yUrukiko, kubera ko hagati yitariki ya 6 Mata niya 17 Nyakanga 1994, cyangwa se kuri ayo matariki, muri Perefegitura ya Kibuye niya Cyangugu, Yussuf Munyakazi, agambiriye kurimbura ubwoko bwAbatutsi cyangwa azi ko abandi bantu bashaka kurimbura ubwo bwoko bwose cyangwa igice cyabwo, kandi azi ko inkunga ye yari gutuma icyaha cya jenoside gikorwa, yashishikarije abantu kwica Abatutsi cyangwa kubatera ububabare bukomeye bwaba ubwumubiri cyangwa ubwo mu mutwe, cyangwa mu bundi buryo ubwo ari bwo bwose yateye inkunga abandi bantu mu gucura umugambi, gutegura cyangwa se gutsotsoba icyo cyaha, nkuko bivugwa mu bika bikurikira birebana nibyabaye: IBIVUGWA BIREBANA NIBYABAYE 8. Hagati yUkwakira 1993 na Mata 1994, Yussuf Munyakazi, abiziranyeho na Ndutiye bahimba Tarek Aziz, Ndereya Mundere, Samuel Rekeraho na Thobald Habineza, yatoranyije Interahamwe zo mu Bugarama azitoza ibya gisirikare no gukoresha imbunda nizindi ntwaro ku matariki atandukanye, bikorerwa ahantu hanyuranye muri Komine ya Bugarama no mu duce duhana imbibi niyo Komine. Iyo myitozo yahawe Interahamwe yabereye cyane cyane ku bibuga byumupira bibiri biri muri Cit Bugarama no ku kibuga cya CIMERWA, aho hose hakaba ari muri Komine Bugarama. 9. Hagati ya Mutarama na Nyakanga 1994, Yussuf Munyakazi yahaye Interahamwe zo mu Bugarama imbunda, za gerenade nizindi ntwaro zakundaga kubikwa iwe muri Cit Bugarama, muri Komine Bugarama. 10. Hagati ya Mutarama na Nyakanga 1994, Yussuf Munyakazi, abiziranyeho na Zacharie bahimba Mariyo, Marcel Sebatware, Casimir Ndorimana, Thomas Mugunda, Ngarukiye na Elias Bakundukuze, yahaye Interahamwe zo mu Bugarama ibiribwa,
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azitwara cyangwa azikura ahantu hatandukanye havugwa muri iyi nyandiko yibirego hakorewe ubwicanyi, cyangwa azorohereza kujyayo cyangwa kuvayo. 11. Ku itariki ya 11 cyangwa iya 13 Mata 1994, cyangwa se hafi yayo matariki, Yussuf Munyakazi, afatanyije nInterahamwe zo mu Bugarama, yateye abasivili bAbatutsi bari bahungiye kuri kiriziya yi Cyangugu arabahungabanya. Muri icyo gitero, Interahamwe zarashe ku Batutsi bari bahahungiye maze kubera ubwoba bakwira imishwaro. Icyo gihe abasirikare bajyanye abasivili batandatu bAbatutsi mu kigo cya gisirikare, aho batanu muri bo biciwe. 12. Ku itariki ya 16 Mata 1994 cyangwa ahagana kuri iyo tariki, Yussuf Munyakazi, ari kumwe nInterahamwe zo mu Bugarama, akoresheje imbunda nintwaro gakondo, yateye kandi yica abasivili bAbatutsi babarirwa mu magana bari bahungiye kuri Paruwasi ya Nyamasheke, Komine ya Kagano (Perefegitura ya Cyangugu). Muri icyo gitero, Yussuf Munyakazi yatwaye Interahamwe azijyana kuri Paruwasi ya Nyamasheke kandi we ubwe arasa ku basivili bAbatutsi. 13. Ku itariki ya 29 Mata 1994 cyangwa hafi yayo, Yussuf Munyakazi, ari kumwe nInterahamwe zo mu Bugarama, akoresheje imbunda nintwaro za gakondo, yateye kandi yica abasivili bAbatutsi babarirwa mu magana bari bahungiye kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi, Komine ya Gafunzo (Perefegitura ya Cyangugu). Muri icyo gitero, Yussuf Munyakazi yatwaye Interahamwe azijyana kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi kandi we ubwe yica abasivili bAbatutsi benshi abarashe. 14. Ku itariki ya 30 Mata 1994 cyangwa hafi yayo, Yussuf Munyakazi, ari kumwe nInterahamwe zo mu Bugarama, akoresheje imbunda nintwaro gakondo, yateye kandi yica abasivili bAbatutsi babarirwa mu magana bari bahungiye kuri Paruwasi ya Mibirizi, Komine ya Cyimbogo (Perefegitura ya Cyangugu). Yussuf Munyakazi yatwaye Interahamwe azijyana kuri Paruwasi ya Mibirizi azitegeka kwica gusa Abatutsi babagabo, maze zirabikora. 15. Ku itariki ya 13 niya 14 Gicurasi 1994 cyangwa hafi yayo matariki, Yussuf Munyakazi, ari kumwe nInterahamwe zo mu Bugarama kandi yabyumvikanyeho nabandi bantu, yateye kandi yica abasivili bAbatutsi babarirwa mu bihumbi bari
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bahungiye mu Bisesero (Perefegitura ya Kibuye). Yussuf Munyakazi yajyanye Interahamwe mu Bisesero kandi yari ahari igitero kiba. IKIREGO CYA 3: ITSEMBATSEMBA NKICYAHA CYIBASIYE INYOKOMUNTU 16. Porokireri ararega Yussuf Munyakazi Itsembatsemba nkicyaha cyibasiye
inyokomuntu, giteganywa ningingo ya 3 b) ya Sitati yUrukiko, kubera ko hagati yitariki ya 6 Mata niya 17 Nyakanga 1994 cyangwa kuri ayo matariki, muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu niya Kibuye, Yussuf Munyakazi yishe cyangwa akicisha abantu benshi azi ko ubwo bwicanyi bukozwe mu rwego rwibitero rusange cyangwa biri kuri gahunda byibasiye abaturage babasivili bazira umutwe wa politiki barimo cyangwa ubwoko bwabo. 17. Iki kirego cya 3 gishingiye kandi ku bivugwa mu bika kuva ku cya 2 kugeza ku cya 15 byiyi Nyandiko yibirego, bitiriwe byongera kwandukurwa. Ibyo Yussuf Munyakazi yakoze nibyo yirengagije gukora, nkuko biri muri iyi Nyandiko yibirego, bihanwa hakurikijwe Ingingo ya 22 niya 23 za Sitati yUrukiko. Bikorewe Arusha, ku itariki ya 3 Ugushyingo 2008 Porokireri Hassan Bubacar Jallow [Umukono]
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