text:
Mbere yo kugeza ku basomyi ba Shikama iyi nkuru twavuga ko ishyushye ariko
inateye agahinda, turagirango muri Shikama twisegure ku basomyi bacu kuba
iyi nkuru yaratinze gusohoka kubera ibimenyetso na gihamya twarimo dukusanya.
Amakuru yizewe cyane aturuka muri Maneko z'ikambere kwa Jenerali J.Nziza
ufite inzego z'igihugu cyose mu biganza bye, aratubwira akari i Murori ku
itwikwa ry'amazu, inganda, amaduka n'amagereza riherutse kuba mu Rwanda mu
minsi ishize.
Itangiriro ry'amahano yo gutwika
Nyuma y'uko amahanga akomanyirije inkunga Leta y'u Rwanda kubera gufasha
umutwe wa M23 waje gutsindwa nk'uko Shikama itahwemye
kubagezaho iby'uwo mutwe w'inyeshyamba za Kagame, isanduku ya Leta yahise
ihungabana. Nk'uko
Shikama yakomeje kubibagezaho, Leta y'Agatsiko-Sajya ntako itagize ngo izibe
icyuho cyari gitewe n'ihagarikwa ry'inkunga amahanga yayigeneraga, ariko
biranga biba nka wa mugani ngo bazirunge zange zibe isogo.
Leta y'Agatsiko-Sajya ntaho itapfunze imitwe ishakisha uko yarwana na Crise irengeje
urugero yari imaze guhura nayo kubera ihagarikwa ry'inkunga n'impungenge zo
kwirukanwa muri Congo kuko Agatsiko kataba kagishoboye gusahura umutungo
Kamere wa Congo.(Ubutasi bwa Kagame bwari bufite amakuru ahagije ko Congo
igiye gufashwa n'amahanga mu kwirukana no gutsimburaM23/RDF/Kagame).
Nyuma yo gushinga ikigega Agaciro cyabaye
iyara bitewe n'ubunini bw'icyuho cyagombaga gusibwa. Agatsiko kungutse indi
mitwe ariko mibisha yaje kubyarira abacuruzi n'abanyengada gusubira ku isuka,
naho mu magereza ibihumbi by'abagororwa birahashirira bizira ubushye.
Inama ikungura yabaye mu kwezi kwa Nzeri 2013 iyobowe na Kagame
Nk'uko Shikama imaze
kubibabwira hejuru, imitwe Leta y'Agatsiko yungutse ngo irwanye ubukene
bwugarije Leta, yapangiwe mu nama yabaye mu kwezi kwa Nzeri umwaka wa 2013
iyobowe na Kagame kandi yitabiriwe n'abayobozi bakuru bose.
Iyo nama yasaga nk'umwiherero kuko yamaze iminsi itatu ariko ibera i Kigali
mu nzu yitwa UCC iri
hafi y'Ibiro bya Minisitiri w'Intebe ku Kimihurura. Buri Muyobozi yagombaga
gutanga igitekerezo ku ngamba zafatwa ngo Leta izibe icyuho cy'ubukene
buyugarije.
Muri Shikama tuributsa
abasomyi n'abakunzi bacu ko igihe iyo nama yabaga, ibiro by'inzego z'ubutasi
zo mu Rwanda, ishami rishinzwe iperereza ryo hanze, byari bimaze igihe gito
bihaye amakuru Kagame ko ibihugu by'Afurika y'epfo na Tanzania byishyize
hamwe na Leta ya Congo kugirango barangize ikibazo cya M23 burundu.
Mu gutumiza iyo nama, Kagame yari abizi neza ko nyuma y'ikibazo cy'inkunga
z'amahanga zahagaritswe, amahirwe y'iby'ibano biva Congo nayo abarirwa ku
ntoki. Niyo mpamvu muri iyo nama hagaragayemo n'abayobozi bo mu bwoko
bw'Abahutu ubundi bitari bisanzwe ko bagaragara mu nama nk'izo.
Ikigaragaza ko iyo nama yari ifite umwihariko wihariye kandi ukomeye
Ubusanzwe inama runaka imara igihe kinini nk'icyo iyo nama ya Gicurasi
yamaze, igomba kuba yiga ku bibazo byinshi bitandukanye hanyuma ugutinda
kwayo kukaba kwaterwa n'uruhuri rw'ibibazo biri kwigwaho. Ariko igitangaje
ni uko iriya nama yo icyagombaga kwigwaho ari : "Kuziba
icyuho cyugarije isanduku ya Leta"
Bimwe mu bitekerezo byatanzwe muri iyo nama
Nk'uko umubare w'abari bitabiriye iyo nama wari munini bitewe n'uburemere
bw'ikibazo bigagaho, ibitekerezo nabyo byari byinshi ariko Shikama irabanyuriramo
ibifitanye isano n'inkongi yibasiye u Rwanda mu minsi ishize.
Igitekerezo cyavuye muri Komisiyo y'Abadepite ishinzwe ubuhinzi, ubworozi
n'amashyamba, cyasabaga Leta ko yakwiga ku kibazo cy'imfungwa ikareba niba
hari uburyo bagabanywa cyangwa hagashakishwa abaterankunga bafatanya na Leta
mu gutanga amafaranga n'ibindi bikoresho bikenerwa muri Gereza.
Icyo gitekerezo gishobora kuba cyaratanzwe n'umuhutu kuko utanze igitekerezo
ntazina yashyiragaho nk'uko bikunze kugenda mu nama Kagame atumiza
byamukomeranye, uwagitanze yibutsaga ko umutungo kamere wa Leta, Abaturage
nabo babarirwamo. Kuba umubare w'abafunzwe urenze urugero, nabyo bizanzahaza
ubukungu bw'igihugu.
Ikindi ni uko umubare munini w'abari mu gihome biganjemo ubwoko bw'abahutu
kandi bakaba aribo babarizwa mu gice kinini kigize ubukungu bw'u Rwanda,
aricyo Ubuhinzi. Shikama irabamenyesha ko ngo icyo gitekerezo cyaje
gushyigikirwa n'abantu benshi bari bitabiriye iyo nama ku bwiganze bwa 93%,
aho bamwe batazuyaje no kuvuga ko Perezida mu bubasha ahabwa n'itegeko
nshinga, yatanga imbabazi ku bagororwa basheshe akanguhe, abarwayi, abakiri
bato n'abandi bafungiye ibyaha byoroheje.
Muri iyo nama, abayitabiriye babanje kubwirwa ko nta pfunwe cyangwa ubwoba
umuntu agomba kugira atanga igitekerezo cye. Ikaba ariyo mpamvu ishobora
kuba yaratumye abahutu bamwe basohora ikibari ku mutima.Shikama irabamenyesha
ko bamwe mu bahutu bari bitabiriye iyo nama, harimo Depite Nyandwi Desire(ukekwa
ko ariwe watanze icyo gitekerezo), Minisitiri Bazivamo C., Rucagu Boniface,
Musa Fazil, Rwarakabije Paul,...
Igitekerezo cyakurikiyeho
Gushaka ukuntu Leta yagabanya umubare w'abagize ingabo z'igihugu n'indi
mitwe yitwara gisirikare yiganjemo inkeragutabara(abasezerewe mu ngabo
by'agateganyo) na local
defense (kolidifensi). Icyo gitekerezo nacyo ngo cyarashyigikiwe
cyane ku bwiganze bw'amajwi 77.6%.
Igitekerezo cya gatatu
Kugabanya umubare w'abakozi
Shikama ibabajwe no kubamenyesha ko igitekerezo cyo kugabanya abakozi
cyashyigikiwe cyane na Minisitiri Musoni James hamwe na Musa Fasil(nk'uko
amakuru ya Maneko ba Nziza abidutangariza), cyaje kubahirizwa kandi ibindi
twamaze kuvuga ntibyubahirizwe kandi aribyo ubundi byagakwiriye kubahirizwa
bitewe n'ingano ndetse n'ubukungu bw'u Rwanda.
Uko ibitekerezo tumaze kuvuga byubahirijwe, ibindi bikaburizwamo ahubwo
bigatera inkongi z'umuriro
Amakuru Shikama ifite aratangaza ko nyuma y'iyo nama, abo mu Gatsiko
batumije indi rwihishwa yo kurebera hamwe ibitekerezo bikwiriye gushyirwa mu
bikorwa. Ayo
makuru akomeza avuga ko abo mu Gatsiko (bagizwe n'Abatutsi gusa) batigeze
bishimira ibitekerezo byatanzwe byo gutanga imbabazi ku bagororwa no
kugabanya ingabo za Kagame.
Kuko Agatsiko kari kemeje abitabiriye inama ko ibitekerezo biri ngombwa
bigomba gushyirwa mu bikorwa mu ntangiriro z'umwaka wa 2014k(birumvikana ko
kwari ukugirango Kagame abanze amenye aho ibintu bigana*M23/RDF*), si ko
byaje kugenda kuko intambara muri Congo yatumye Agatsiko gakuba bimwe na
zeru ahubwo gahitamo gutekinika.
Shikama irakomeza kubabwira ko mu rwego rwo gucurika ubwonko bamwe mu
bari bitabariye inama ya mbere(atari ya yindi Agatsiko kakoze nyuma
rwihishwa), Agatsiko katekinitse amayeri yo kugirango kaburizemo igitekerezo
cyo kugabanya ingabo no gufungura abagororwa(bagizwe na 98% by'Abahutu).
Abo mu Gatsiko-Sajya batekinika
Nk'uko amakuru yatanzwe na Maneko zo kwa Jenerali Nziza akomeza abitangariza
urubuga rwanyuShikama nayo
igahita iyabagezaho byihuse, ngo abajenerali bo mu Gatsiko n'abasivile
bakuriwe na James Musoni, baratekinitse karahava ibyuya birabarenga
bashakisha ukuntu baburizamo ibitekerezo byiza byatanzwe n'imbaga nyamwinshi.
Nyuma yo gusuma icyo bakora ngo Abahutu bafunzwe(barimo n'abamaze imyaka 20
nta dosiye) babe barekurwa nk'uko umwanzuro w'inama ya Nzeri wari wabigennye,
ndetse na FPR ikagabanya ingabo zayo, nyuma y'itekinika abakuru b'Agatsiko
baguye ku mwanzuro utari mwiza namba wo gutwika.
Inkongi z'umuriro gusimbura ibisasu
Agatsiko kamaze gutekinika, kanzuye ko kagomba guteza umutekano muke mu
Rwanda hanyuma bya bitekerezo byavuye mu nama ya Gicurasi ntibikurikizwe
hitwaje ko igihugu kiri mu mutekano muke biryo ingabo zo kurinda umutekano
zikaba zitagomba kugabanywa.
Ku kibazo cy'ifungurwa ry'abanyururu, abakuru b'Agatsiko banzuye ko bateza
umutekano muke mu magereza, hanyuma bikagaragara ko abagororwa bakiri
babandi(interahamwe n'ibipinga) ku buryo baramutse bafunguwe bahungabanya
umutekano n'umudendezo w'igihugu.
Ibyerekeranye n'igitekerezo cyo kugabanya abakozi, Shikama irabamenyesha
ko icyo gitekerezo abakuru b'Agatsiko bagisamiye hejuru bihita binagaragaza
ko uwagitanze ashobora kuba umwe muribo. Mu kwanzura uko umutekano muke
watezwa mu gihugu no mu magereza nk'uko abakuru b'agatsiko-sajya bari
bamaze ku byemeza, icyo kibazo nacyo ngo cyabirishije ibyuya abakuru
b'agatsiko bibaza uko bateza umutekano muke.
Guteza umutekano muke batwika
Nyuma y'impaka nyinshi nk'uko ayo makuru ava ikambere kwa Jenerali J.Nziza
akomeza abitumenyesha, ngo Agatsiko kaje kugwa ku gitekerezo cyo gutwika
kuko icyo gutega ibisasu byo mu bwoko bwa grenades cyatanzwe na Lt Gen Fred
Ibingira yizeza Agatsiko ko we n'abademobe akuriye bazakitunganyiriza,
cyatewe utwatsi na Kagame ubwe ngo ku mpamvu z'uko igikorwa cyo kuzitera
kigeze gukorwa ngo gikoranwa ubuswa.
Umwanzuro abakuru b'Agatsiko bafashe ni uko hakoreshwa umuriro kuko umuriro
wo wahitana abazwi(Abahutu) bitandukanye n'ibisasu bihitana n'imfura(Abatutsi)
kandi gahunda y'ibyo bisasu igakomeza gukururukana hashakishwa abishinja
n'abashinjwa icyo gikorwa.
Umwanzuro ndakuka wabaye uwo gutwika batwikira banatwika inzirakarengane
nk'uko umubare nyakuri w'abishwe n'inkongi y'umuriro mu magereza urenze
igihumbi. Uwo mubare ukaba waritangarijwe na bagenzi b'abo banyururu kandi
ukaba ukwiriye kwemezwa kuko watanzwe n'ababihagazeho.
Ikinyoma cy'Agatsiko ku inkongi z'umuriro
Agatsiko kamaze kubona ko inkongi zaciye ibintu abaturage bakaba batangiye
guhahamuka no gushya ubwoba birenze, kahise gategeka Minisitiri w'umutekano
Musa Fasil guhita atangaza ko inkongi ziri guterwa n'ikibazo cy'insiga
z'amashanyarazi atari umwanzi wateye.
Igishekeje kinatangaje kuri icyo kinyoma cy'insinga z'amashanyarazi, ni uko
nk'uko Shikama yigeze
ibibagezaho mu nkuru zayo z'ubushize, hari aho inkongi zaturutse mu ngunguru
z'amavuta. Rumwe mu nganda zatwitswe n'Agatsiko zibarizwa Rwandex, umuriro
watangiriye mu ngunguru z'amavuta zibereye iyo bigwa mu gikari.
Ko bavuga ko utagera agereranya, nk'iyo Agatsiko kihanukiriye kagakubita
ikinyoma Abanyarwanda gisa nk'icya Semuhanuka ngo ingunguru z'amavuta
zabyaye insinga z'amashanyarazi bivamo umuriro, Agatsiko kumva ahubwo
atariko kari kwibeshya.
Mu kurangiza iyi nkuru, Shikama turamenyesha
abasomyi n'abakunzi bacu ko iki ari igice cya mbere. Igice cya kabiri
gikubiyemo amazina y'abishoye muri icyo gikorwa gitindi cyo gutwika ndetse
n'uburyo bwakoreshejwe abo mu Gatsiko batwikira banatwika inzira karengane,
turabibagezaho mu minsi ya vuba.
Bakizimbwa Paul Kizito
Umwanditsi Mukuru wungirije muri Shikama
shikamaye.blogspot.com
Shikama ku Kuri na Demukarasi(SKUD)


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"Nubwo nabateje agahinda rwa rwandiko sinicuza. Kandi nubwo nicuzaga, mbonye yuko urwo rwandiko rwabateye agahinda (nubwo kari ak’umwanya muto gusa kagashira), none ndishimye. Icyakora sinishimishijwe n’uko mwagize agahinda, ahubwo ni uko ako gahinda kabateye kwihana,kuko mwagize agahinda ko mu buryo bw’Imana ngo mutagira icyo mubura ku bwacu. Agahinda ko mu buryo bw’Imana gatera kwihana kuticuzwa, na ko kukazana agakiza, ariko agahinda ko mu buryo bw’isi gatera urupfu." 2Abakorinto7:8-10
Kwihana ni iki?
Kwihana ni guhindura icyerekezo umutima n’ubwenge byakoreragamo. Kwihana ni ugukata, kuzinukwa burundu, kwanga byimazeyo ibikorwa byose umuntu yakoraga bibi. Igikorwa cyo guhindukira: Ni igikorwa giterwa n’agahinda gaturuka ku ijambo ry’Imana kuko ni ryo rishobora kurondora umuntu, rikamwemeza iby’ibyaha byose yakose. Maze kubera Imbaraga z’Ijambo rimaze kumugeramo rikamwereka ingaruka z’ibyaha bye nyuma y’urubanza mu gihe umuntu atamenye neza inkomoko yako gahinda kamurangira inzira nziza yo kugakiriramo (Iyo nzira ni ukwakira Yesu Kristo nk’Umwami n’umukiza witanze rimwe k’umusaraba). Iyo umaze kumwakira uhabwa imbabazi ukabana nawe, ugahora mu mahoro Yesu aha abantu be.
Ibyanditswe byera byose byahumetswe n’Imana kandi bigira umumaro wo kwigisha umuntu, no kumwemeza ibyaha bye no kumutunganya, no kumuhanira gukiranuka kugira ngo umuntu w’Imana abe ashyitse, afite ibimukwiriye byose ngo akore imirimo myiza yose. 2Timoteyo 3.16-17
Kwihana si umuhango uhoraho. Iyo bikozwe nta gahinda ko mu mutima ko muburyo buturutse ku Imana, bituma umuntu abaho yihana amasaha, iminsi n’ imyaka nyamara Imana ntimushime kandi ntabashe kunesha icyaha kuko ibyo yise kwihana bitaturutse ku gahinda, ahubwo yabikoreye akamenyero.
Hari ibintu twafashe nk’aho biba muri Bibiliya nyamara atari byo: Ngo Satani amenya aho ducumurira ntamenye aho twihanira, none ni iki kitubuza kwihana turi munzu y’Imana, cyangwa ni inde utera abajura kwibira mu rusengero? Hose arahamenya rwose ntiwishuke. Ibi bituma rimwe na rimwe duhemuka ntidusabe imbabazi tukibwira ko twakiriye imbabazi kandi atari ko biri. Dore ibintu byiza kuruta ibindi mu gihe ugiye kwihana.
Wari ukwiriye kubanza kwikiranura na mugenzi wawe, nibwo wagira amahoro y’ukuri kandi niko gukiranuka. Niba hari icyo upfa na mwene so mbere yuko uvuga ko ugiye kwihana, banza umushake maze umubwire uko wamukoshereje musabane imbabazi maze ubone uko ukiranuka naso wo mu ijuru.
"Nuko nujyana ituro ryawe ku gicaniro, ukahibukira mwene so ko afite icyo mupfa, usige ituro ryawe imbere y’igicaniro ubanze ugende wikiranure na mwene so, uhere ko ugaruke uture ituro ryawe. “Wikiranure vuba n’ukurega mukiri mu nzira, ukurega ye kugushyikiriza umucamanza, umucamanza ataguha umusirikare akagushyira mu nzu y’imbohe. Ndakubwira ukuri yuko utazavamo rwose, keretse wishyuye umwenda wose hadasigaye ikuta na rimwe. Matayo5:23-26
Kwatura no kwihana
Ibi ni ibintu bibiri bijyana, kwatura ni igikorwa cyo gukoza isoni, gusebya imbaraga mbi zikubamo(za Satani) kugira ngo uzineshe. Ibi rero nubireba mu zindi ndimi bisobanura ngo ’Mwaturirane kugira ngo mukire, mwomoke’. Ni gute rero: Niba wibye, wagize ibiganiro bibi, usebanya, ishyari, umujinya, wasambanye. Bibiliya ivuga ko wari ukwiriye kwegera umwe muri benedata batagitwarwa n’izo mbaraga ukamubwira uko byagenze byose, nyuma akakugira inama z’uko wakwitwara kungira ngo utazongera kugwa mu cyaha ukundi. Hanyuma agasenga agusabira imbara zo kubishyira mu bikorwa.
Kubera ko rero rimwe na rimwe tutigeze duha umwanya iki kintu, byateye benshi kwatura babifata nk’igikorwa cyo kwikoza isoni no kwimenera amabanga. Nyamara ni uko wabwiye utaranesha, maze aho kukugira inama arakoshya. Ndakwingingira ngo uhereye uyu munsi, wihane kuko nutabikora nta mugabane uzigira ubona mu Bwami bw’Imana(Ijuru).
Ikindi navuga ni uko ibi byose kubikora bitagira icyo bimara iyo hatarimo igikorwa n’ishyaka byo guhinduka, bivuze ko guhinduka ni wo musaruro wanyuma w’ibintu byose birebana no kwihana. Imana yera itugirire imbabazi kandi Imana ibahe umugisha n’amahoro. Amena!
Umwigisha: Ev. ICYITEGETSE Elisse
Source: Cepurnyarugenge.org
[email protected]

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text:
Muhanga:Ba Agronome b’imirenge bahinduranyije imirenge bakoreragamo icya rimwe
Umunyabanga Nshingwabikorwa w’Akarere ka Muhanga,
Kanyangira Ignace yatanze amabwiriza ko abakozi bashinzwe ubuhinzi n’ubworozi mu mirenge igize aka karere bimurwa bakava mu mirenge bakoreragamo bitewe no kwirara ntibakore neza imirimo bashinzwe.
Iki cyemezo cyafaswe gitunguranye kuko byatangarijwe mu nama yahuje abashinzwe Ubuhinzi, ubworozi n’ubuvuzi bw’amatungo mu Karere ka Muhanga kuri uyu wa Gatatu tariki 6 Ugushyingo 2019.
Ni nyuma y’aho Umuyobozi w’Ishami ry’ubuhinzi n’Umutungo Kamere mu Karere ka Muhanga Ngumyembarebe Thacien atangarije abari muri iyi nama ko ubwishingizi bw’ibihingwa buri kuri 0% muri aka karere mu habarurwa Hegitari 20 z’ibigori zimaze kwangizwa n’ibiza muri iki gihembwe cy’ihinga.
Yavuze ko kuva gahunda yo gushyira ibihingwa mu bwishingizi yatangira, nta muhinzi n’umwe muri aka Karere urayitabira.
Ngumyembarebe yasabye aba bakozi bo mu buhinzi n’ubworozi guhamagarira abahinzi bagahindura imyumvire kugira ngo ibihingwa byabo n’amatungo nibihura n’ibibazo babone inyishyu.
Yagize ati “Iyo mujya gushyira imbaraga mu kwigisha abahinzi, bari kuba bishyuwe imyaka yabo yangijwe n’ibiza.”
Radio/Tv10 itangaza ko umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w’akarere akimara kurita mu gutwi, yahise atangaza ko abashinzwe ubuhinzi n’ubworozi bahita bahindurirwa imirenge ngo kuko ngo bajenjetse.
Yanenze aba bakoziko batuzuza inshingano zabo ku buryo ubwishingizi buza ariko ntihagire umuntu ubwitabira.
Avuga ko nibura mu bworozi ho hari intambwe iri guterwa kuko Inka 67 zimaze gushyirwa mu bwishingizi muri uyu mwaka wa 2019.
Yabwiye aba bakozi ko bahita bimurirwa mu yindi mirenge.
Ati “Iyi nama nihumuza buri wese aze gufata ibaruwa ye imwimurira ahandi.”
Kanyangira Ignace yavuze ko hari Abakozi bari bamaze Imyaka 10 bakorera mu mirenge runaka ku buryo bishobora kuba ari intandaro yo kwirara bakica akazi.
Usibye gushyira ibihingwa n’amatungo mu bwishingizi, ubuyobozi bw’Akarere bushinja aba bakozi ko Ubuhinzi bw’urutoki cyane n’ubworozi buri inyuma ugereranyije no mu tundi turere two mu Ntara y’Amajyepfo.
Muri iyi nama kandi banagarutse ku giciro cy’Ubwishingizi bw’ibihingwa kidakanganye kuko kuri Are bishyura 170 Frw.Gusa bakavuga ko RAB yemeye guha abahinzi indi mbuto isimbura iyangijwe n’ibiza.
Chief Editor/MUHABURA.RW


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Ese bibiliya ivuga iki ku bijyanye no guhigura umuhigo?
Yanditswe na: Ubwanditsi
2019-12-05 06:19:46
Umuhigo ni isezerano umuntu aba yagiranye n’Imana akiyemeza ko azakora icyo yiyemeje. Bibiliya itwereka cyane cyane mu gitabo cy’Abalewi hatwereka ko umuhigo wabaga ari igitambo. Ubwoko bwa Isiraheli bwagiye bwakunze kwica indahiro bagiranye n’Imana ariko ntibyabaguye amahoro.
Inkuru ya Yefuta igaragaza guhiga umuhigo ukawuhigura nta kintu na kimwe urebyeho. Ubwo yari ayoboye Abislaheli mu rugamba rwo kurwanya Abamoni, Yefuta yahize umuhigo abwira Imana ko nibana nabo ku rugamba bagatabarukana insinzi, ikizasohoka bwa mbere mu rugo rwe azagitambira Imana. Yagize umugisha atabarukana insinzi icyaje gusohoka bwa mbere ni umukobwa we ariko Yefuta yahise yibuka isezerano rye n’Imana nuko aramutamba.
Yesu yigishije ku bijyanye n’umuhigo agira ati: ntimwumvise ko abakera babwiwe ngo: “ntukarahire ibinyoma, ahubwo uzakorere umwami Imana ibyo wayirahiriye.”ariko jyeweho ndababwira kutarahira rwose, naho ryaba ijuru kuko ariryo ntebe y’Imana, cyangwa isi kuko ari yo ntebe y’ibirenge byayo. Ahubwo ijambo ryanyu ribe yee, oya, ibirenze ibyo bituruka ku mubi. Matayo 5: 33-37
Aya magambo Yesu yayabwiye abantu kugirango yibutse abanyamadini ndetse n’abayobozi ko bakwiye kurinda no guhigura imihigo baba barahize mu izina ry’Imana ubwo bahabwaga inshingano zo kuyobora ubwoko bw’Imana. Aha si abayobozi b’amadini gusa ahubwo n’ab’inzego izo arizo zose zaba iza Leta cyangwa iz’abikorera bose baba bagomba gushyira mu bikorwa ibyo bemereye imbere y’Imana.
Byongeye kandi Zaburi ya 15:4 itugaragariza ko umuntu wese iyo ava akagera agomba kuzirikana indahiro yarahiye haba mu byiza cyangwa mu bibi. “Mu maso ye umunyagisuzuguriro arahinyurwa, ariko abatinya uwiteka arabubaha icyo yarahiriye n’iyo cyamugirira nabi ntiyivuguruza.” (Zaburi 15: 4)
Mu by’ukuri Yesu ntabwo yarwanyaga amasezerano cyangwa imihigo abantu bagirana hagati yabo, ahubwo yashakaga kwibutsa abantu ko batagomba kurahira indahiro zidahwitse urugero: ndarahiye kandi mbishyizeho umutima kandi nizeye gupfa mu gihe bibaye ngombwa, ndakabura mama n’izindi ndahiro nyinshi. Gusa we yabasabaga kuzirikana no gushyira mu bikorwa ibyo biyemeje.
Muri macye ingamba nyakuri ni uko umuntu akwiye kugira amakenga mbere yo kurahira cyangwa guhiga umuhigo akabanza akareba niba koko bitazamuteranya na bagenzi be cyangwa n’Imana. Nk’uko umubwiriza yavuze ko guhiga umuhigo ntuwuhigure birutwa no kutawuhiga, dusabe Imana idushoboze kubahiriza ibyo twiyemeje.
Source: www.gotquestions.org


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Nyuma y’aho Cecile Kayirebwa agiriye mu nkiko kurega ibitangazamakuru 6 bitandukanye byo mu Rwanda kuba byaramukoreshereje ibihangano bitabifitiye uburenganzira, IGIHE twegereye bamwe mu bahanzi batubwira buri wese ku giti cye uko yabyakiriye ndetse n’uko abyumva.
Umwe mu bo twaganiriye, Jean Paul Samputu na we umaze igihe kinini mu muziki, yavuze ko ibi ari intambwe nziza Kayirebwa ateye ko kandi n’abahanzi bakiri bato bagakwiye kubyigiraho kuko byerekana ko noneho agaciro k’umuhanzi kagiye kwitabwaho.
Yagize ati “Kayirebwa abimburiye abandi ni byiza cyane kuko agaciro abahanzi batahabwaga ubu bagiye kugahabwa, uru rubanza nirwo rugiye gushyira ibintu mu buryo”.
Alain Mukurarinda nawe uzobereye mu bintu by’ubuhanzi ndetse akaba n’umunyamategeko, yavuze ko ubundi n’ubwo itegeko rirengera abahanzi ririho, ritaratunganwa ngo habeho nk’ikigo gishinzwe gukurikirana imikoreshereze y’ibihangano nk’uko mu bindi bihugu bimeze.
Mukurarinda kandi yavuze ko umucamanza azakurikiza ikiri mu itegeko ajya guca urubanza ariko yerekana n’impungenge z’uko ibyo bihangano bya Kayirebwa bitoroshye kubara uburyo byagiye bikoreshwa mu bihe bitandukanye mu rwego rwo kumenya amande azacibwa ibyo bitangazamakuru dore ubusanzwe ibyo biba bireba icyo kigo nyine kitarajyaho.
Twegereye n’abahanzi bakizamuka ni ukuvuga abatari mu kigero nk’icya Kayirebwa, abenshi bagaragaza ko bo bumva batabifiteho ikibazo cyane cyane ko iyo indirimbo zabo zicuranzwe bibafasha kuzamuka no kumenyekana.
King James umwe mubo twaganiriye yavuze ko kuba Kayirebwa arega biriya bitangazamakuru ari uburenganzira bwe kandi ko biterwa n’uko buri wese afata ibintu bitewe n’uko yifuza ko byagenda n’umurongo yabihaye.
Yagize ati “burya buri muntu agira uko afata ibintu, afite uburenganzira busesuye, ariko njye ku giti cyanjye mbona nta kibazo binteye kuko biramfasha iyo indirimbo zanjye bazikina.”
Yongeyeho ati “Ikindi kandi twe nitwe tubishyirira indirimbo ntabwo rero numva icyatuma twe turega, gusa sinzi ibya kera wasanga bo hari ukundi babigenzaga.”
Umuhanzi Kamichi we asanga Kayirebwa ari mu rwego rwo kuba yaburana kuko ntakeneye kumenyekana ahubwo akeneye umusaruro mubyo yakoze nawe yemeranya na King James ko bo bumva nta mpamvu yo kurega dore ko nawe ngo indirimbo ze aho bazikina ari we uzibishyirira.
Ugereranije ibitekerezo bya buri muhanzi n’urwego arimo rw’ubuhanzi usanga, uru rwego Kayirebwa agezemo biterwa n’aho wavuye n’aho ugeze kuko nk’uko Kamichi yabivuze Kayirebwa ntakeneye kumenyekana izina yararyubatse, aba bagikeneye kuzamuka rero baracyakeneye kugira aho bava n’aho bagera niyo mpamvu basanga nta mpamvu yo kurega kuko bo basanga ahubwo abanyamakuru babafasha.


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Ngoma: Basogongeye kuri kawa irabaryohera, biyemeza kurushaho kuyitaho
Yanditswe na MANISHIMWE NOEL
Abahinzi ba kawa bo mu Kagari ka Sakara, Umurenge wa Murama, mu Karere ka Ngoma, biyemeje kurushaho gushyira imbaraga mu kwita ku gihingwa ngengabukungu cya kawa, nyuma yo kuyinywaho bakumva ifite uburyohe budasanzwe.
Ni ingamba abahinzi bafashe nyuma y’uko ubuyobozi bwa Kampani yitwa ‘Impexcor Limited’ igura ikanatunganya umusaruro wa kawa buteguye igikorwa cyo gusangira kawa n’abakirisitu Gatolika bo muri Santarali ya Sakara, mu Murenge wa Murama; biganjemo abahinzi ba kawa, nyuma ya misa ku cyumweru tariki ya 04 Gashyantare 2018.
Ndengabaganizi Euphrem, Umuhinzi wa kawa ku buso bwa hegitari 15, utuye hano i Sakara, unahagarariye Kampani ya ‘Impexcor’ mu Karere ka Ngoma, yabwiye Imvaho Nshya ko impamvu yo gusogongeza abahinzi ba kawa, ari ukugira ngo abayihingaga batazi agaciro kayo barusheho kugasobanukirwa, kandi bage bayinywa.
Ati “Usanga ikawa tuyisarura, tukayishyikiriza abacuruzi n’abayohereza hanze nta we uzi ngo imera gute, uburyohe bwayo ni ubuhe, uyu munsi rero twifuje ko twasangira kawa kugira ngo tubatoze kujya bafata ku musaruro wabo na bo bakanywaho, bakumva uko bimeze.”
Abahinzi baganiriye n’Imvaho Nshya nyuma yo kunywa kuri kawa, abenshi bagaragazaga ko nubwo bamaze imyaka myinshi bayihinga, ari ubwa mbere bayisomyeho bakumva uko imera; kandi hari ingamba bahise bafata.
Mahirane Zayasi, w’imyaka irenga 70, utuye mu Kagari ka Sakara avuga ko yatangiye guhinga kawa ahagana mu mwaka wa 1963 ariko uyu munsi ari bwo abashije kunywa kawa, akumva icyanga cyayo.
Yagize ati “Ni ubwa mbere nyisomyeho kandi ndi umuhinzi wa kawa kuva mu mwaka wa 1963, ariko ubu nsomyeho numvise imeze neza.
Ubu ngiye gukomeza gukorera izo mfite, nzisukure neza ku buryo zizajya zera kawa nziza. Nsanzwe mfite ibiti bya kawa bigera kuri 200 iyo zeze, nasaruraga ibilo 800.”
Mugenzi we witwa Ruvuzandekwe Célestin, wo mu Mudugudu wo Kukarenge we avuga ko afite ibiti ibihumbi 2 bya kawa yezamo umusaruro ugera kuri toni n’igice ku isizeni.
Nawe nyuma yo gusoma kuri kawa, avuga ko agiye kurushaho kuzitaho zikajya zitanga umusaruro mwinshi kandi mwiza, kuko ngo yamaze kumenya ko iki gihingwa kigira ibanga ry’uburyohe atakekaga.
Yagize ati “Ni ubwa mbere bibaye, kandi byadushimishije bishimisha n’abakirisitu bari bavuye mu gitambo cya Misa cyari gihumuje.
Nge ni ubwa mbere nari nyisogongeyeho, ariko numvise iryoshye cyane, ifite n’impumuro nziza cyane.”
Yakomeje agira ati “Abantu benshi nta bwo twari tuzi uburyohe bwayo, ariko ubu tugiye kurushaho kuyitaho tuyisasira, tuyikorera dushyiraho ifumbire y’imborera n’imvaruganda, tuyikiza ibisambo kugira ngo umusaruro urusheho kwiyongera kandi ube mwiza cyane. Ibiti mfite birahagije, ahubwo uko nzajya nsarura nzajya nteganya n’ikawa yo kunywa iwange.”
Uretse aba bahinzi ba kawa, hari n’abasogongeye kuri iyi kawa badasanzwe bayihinga, biyemeje guhita binjira mu buhinzi bwayo kuko ngo basanze ari igihingwa kiryoha kandi kikinjiza n’amafaranga atubutse.
Ubuyobozi bwa Kampani ya Impexcor igura ikanatunganya umusaruro wa kawa, buvuga ko bufite umugambi wo gutoza abahinzi ba kawa kurushaho kuyikunda, kuyitaho, no kuyinywa, ibi bikazatuma barushaho kongera umusaruro mu bwinshi no mu bwiza, nk’uko Ndengabaganizi Euphrem uhagarariye iyi Kampani mu Karere ka Ngoma akomeza abisobanura.
Yagize ati “Turashaka kumenyereza abahinzi ko kawa ari ikinyobwa bashobora no gukoresha no mu birori byabo, ku buryo nibura ku musaruro we azajya agurisha akagira n’iyo azajya anywa iwe, ntibe ikawa yo kunyobwa n’abazungu gusa, cyane ko ari nziza ku buzima bwa muntu.
Burya iyo uhinga ikintu utakirya, nta bwo ukigirira ikizere. Bari bazi yuko ikawa itabonye isoko nta kindi bayikoresha, ariko bakwiye no kumenya ko inyobwa.”
Kampani ya Impexcor ifite inganda 2 zigura zikanatunganya kawa mu mirenge wa Murama na Mutendeli.
Ubuyobozi bw’iyi Kampani mu Karere ka Ngoma buvuga ko bwizeye ko umusaruro wa kawa uzaboneka muri uyu mwaka wa 2018 ushobora kwikuba kabiri, kuko bategereje kwakira umusaruro wa kawa y’ibitumbwe ugera kuri toni 600, mu gihe mu mwaka ushize wa 2017 bari bakiriye toni 290.


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Baragowe abo Prezida wa Repubulika atazasura muri uyu mwaka!Bazapfana ibibazo byabo kandi imiti itari kure.Muri iki gihe cy’amapfa ho abaturage barashiramo umwuka,mu gihe abayobozi babo bavuga ko nta bibazo bihari.
Kandi koko iyo badafite ibibazo,bibwira ko n’ahandi ntabihari.Gusa burya ibibazo by’abayobozi ni ukubasha gukusanya imisanzu isabwa n’inzego zo hejuru no kubahiriza gahunda za Leta batitaye ku ngorane z’umuturage.
Uwo muturage watsikamiwe ndetse wabujijwe amahwemo,ntawundi wamufasha kumvikanisha agahinda ke uretse umushyitsi muhire.Ni bwo bamwe barara bagenda, bakarara nzira iminsi itari mike,mpaka bigereye aho Perezida wa Repubulika yasuye.
Ntibaba bayobewe ko ,ubusanzwe,nta muntu muzima wakiriza umushyitsi ibibazo.Bitewe n’uko abaturage ibibazo byabarenze kandi ibyinshi babiterwa n’abayobozi babegereye,nta kundi babigenza uretse kubitura Nyir’ubwatsi.
Baremera rero bagatonda umurongo ugerwaho n’ibyihare bidatinya incyuro zizakurikiraho!
Byabaye nka bya bindi bya kera, aho uwabonaga nta bundi buryo bwo kurenganurwa, yavugaga ngo « ikibazo cyanjye kizakemurwa n’Umwami Nyir’Urwanda. »Ubundi se nyine ibyo bibazo byakemuka gute mu gihe uwo urega ari we uregaho?
Ntitwibagirwe ko n’abo bayobozi na bo baba bakora badahembwa,bagasanga izo gahunda za Leta ari bo zari zikwiye guheraho!None se azamamaza « Gira Inka » na we ntayo afite?Ubwo se kuyigira we bimugwa nabi?Naho se ako kazi baba bakoze ngo n’iyonka ihururane na ba basaza n’abakecuru batazi iyo bijya n’iyo biva!
Ikibabaje ni uko muri urwo ruzinduko,abo bayobozi baba bishakira amashyi maze bakamubeshya ngo « Nyakubahwa Perezida wa Repubulika,muri uyu Murenge/Akarere,ubukene n’imirire mibi byabaye amateka! »
Abo baturage wabareba ku maso ukicwa n’agahinda,dore ko hirya iyo baba bakubitira abana kuryama.Abayobozi se bibabuza kubakama n’ayo mu ihembe,abarira babuze ikibahembura? Hanyuma ngo VUP yadukuye mu bukene,kandi inzara ivuza ubuhuha!
Ingaruka zo kugira bene abo bayobozi b’Abidishyi no guhora ahatwa ibibazo bijya kuba bimwe,ni uko Perezida azacika intege,agahagarika izo ngendo,noneho akajya yohereza ba Minisitiri be nka ba Kaboneka ngo bajye kubikemura.
Nyamara n’ubwo abaturage bavugiriza Gitifu induru ko ari we ubogogoje,bizarangira bamenye ko n’ubundi « Nta nduru iburana n’ingoma! » Nta gisubizo gifatika.Buriya tuzategereza ko natwe Muzehe adusura!None se mu ruzinduko rwe,ibyo yemeye si byo bikorwa?
By Kayiranga Evariste,Cyahinda


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Buri umwe wese wigeze gukundana bityo umwe akabaza undi ndacyeka ubu buryo uri bubu kunde kuko buri butume uwari inshuti yawe ya mbere hanyuma akaza kuguhemukira azajya agufuhira kandi mutakiri kumwe.
Kandi nkubwije ukuri ko ubu buryo nubukoresha uwari inshuti yawe azicuza amakosa yagukoreye yose hanyuma akugarukire,ubwo ni wowe uza ufite ububasha bwo kwemera ko agaruka cyangwa ukamuhakanira.
1.Icyizere
Icyizere ni buri kimwe cyose,kandi icyizere ni kimwe mu bintu ukwiriye kunaza kugira,icyizere kizatuma wisumburaho,kizatuma uba uw’igikundiro kurenza uko waruri mbere,wowe wigaragara nkuwacitse integer ahubwo garagaza ko ufite icyizere ibi bizatuma uwari umukunzi wawe agushakisha cyane.
2.Urubuga nkoranyambaga
Urubuga nkoranyambaga n’inzira nini ushobora gukoresha ushotora uwari umukunzi wawe,gerageza ujye ushyiraho amafoto yawe meza yayandi koko yerekana ko umeze neza nta kibazo ufite,yayandi yerekana ko nyuma yo gutandukana nawe hari aho ugeze harenze aha mbere,nukora ibi uwari umukunzi wawe azakwirukaho.
3.Tera imbere
Nimvuga gutera imbere wumve ko niba watandukanye nawe gerageza ukore uko ushoboye maze utere indi ntabwe ujya mbere ku buryo utandukana nuko wari umeze mbere mukiri kumwe.
4.Intsinzi
Nkuko bivugwa ngo “Intsinzi ni Papa wa byinshi hanyuma gutsindwa bika imfubyi”,nkubwije ukuri koi bi koko ari ukuri kuzuye pe,kora cyane mu kazi ukora ku buryo uzazamuka mu yindi ntera,uwahoze ari umukunzi wawe nabona ibi bizahora bituma aribwa mu mutima.
5.Ishyire mu mutuzo
Ibyishimo ni byiza maze ukishyira mu mutuzo bizatera abantu kubana nawe,Niba wishimye ugaragaraho igikundiro,uzagira ubwiza bugaragarira buri umwe wese n’amaso,mbese bwa bwiza roho izabona ikabwifuza,gusa niba koko uzajya uhora uri umunyamunezero ntuzigera wifuza ko wasubirana na wawundi wakubabaje ahubwo uzashaka undi mwiza.
6.Garagara neza
Ingingo ya 1 niya 5 ntacyo izaba ikimaze niba ukurikije niyi ngigo ya 6.Garagara neza,Garagara nk’umunyagikundiro,iyiteho wowe ubwawe bizatuma uwari umukunzi wawe afuha,Wiba umunyantege nke kuko umukunzi wawe yakwanze cyangwa mwashwanye,ba umunyembaraga.
Hari bamwe bakubwira ngo kugira ngo utere ishyari uwari umukunzi wawe ngo,wowe genda ukorane imibonano mpuzabitsina n’abandi,ati somana nundi imbere yuwahoze ari umukunzi wawe maze ubundi umuce iruhande utanamuvugishije,jye umbajije nakubwira koi bi ari iby’abana.
Martin Munezero


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INGINGO Y’IBANZE: ESE WAGOMBYE GUTINYA IMPERUKA?
Imperuka y’isi itera abantu ubwoba, ikabashishikaza kandi igatuma bumva bashobewe
Iyo wumvise ko kalendari y’Abamaya izarangira ku itariki ya 21 Ukuboza 2012, abenshi bakaba bavuga ko uwo munsi ku isi hazabaho ihinduka rikomeye, wumva umeze ute? Bitewe n’ibyo witeze, ushobora kumva uhumurijwe, ukumva ushobewe cyangwa se ukumva nta cyo bikubwiye. Ese ibyo si kimwe n’ibindi binyoma bivuga iby’imperuka y’isi?
Ubundi se Bibiliya ivuga iki ku ‘mperuka y’isi’ (Matayo 24:3, Bibiliya Yera)? Hari abatinya ko isi izashya. Abandi bafite amatsiko menshi yo kuzareba amaherezo y’iyi si. Abandi benshi bamaze kurambirwa guhora babwirwa ko imperuka yegereje. Ese ibyo batekereza bizabaho, cyangwa ntibizabaho?
Umenye icyo Bibiliya ivuga ku birebana n’imperuka, bishobora kugutangaza cyane. Uretse kuba Bibiliya itanga impamvu zagombye gutuma dutegereza imperuka, inerekana ko abantu bari kuzayitegereza bakabona itinze, bari kuzarambirwa. Turagutera inkunga yo gusuzuma ibisubizo Bibiliya itanga ku bibazo abantu bakunze kwibaza ku birebana n’imperuka y’isi.
Ese isi izashya?
IGISUBIZO BIBILIYA ITANGA: “[Imana] yashyiriyeho isi imfatiro zihamye; ntizigera inyeganyega kugeza ibihe bitarondoreka, ndetse iteka ryose.”—ZABURI 104:5.
Nta kintu na kimwe kizigera kirimbura isi, n’iyo waba umuriro. Ahubwo Bibiliya yigisha ko abantu bazatura ku isi iteka ryose. Muri Zaburi 37:29, hagira hati “abakiranutsi bazaragwa isi, kandi bazayituraho iteka ryose.”—Zaburi 115:16; Yesaya 45:18.
Imana imaze kurema isi, yavuze ko ‘yari nziza cyane’ kandi ni ko ikibibona (Intangiriro 1:31). Aho kugira ngo iyirimbure, yatanze isezerano ry’uko ‘izarimbura abarimbura isi;’ bityo ikazaba iyirinze abashobora kuyangiza.—Ibyahishuwe 11:18.
Ariko se amagambo yo muri 2 Petero 3:7 asobanura iki? Uwo murongo wo muri Bibiliya uvuga ko ‘ijuru n’isi biriho ubu bibikiwe umuriro.’ Ese ibyo byaba bisobanura ko isi izashya? Incuro nyinshi Bibiliya ikunze kuvuga “ijuru,” “isi” n“umuriro” mu buryo bw’ikigereranyo. Urugero, mu Ntangiriro 11:1 havuga ko “isi yose yari ifite ururimi rumwe.” Ijambo “isi” rivugwa aho, rigereranya abantu.
Amagambo akikije umurongo wo muri 2 Petero 3:7, agaragaza ko ijuru, isi n’umuriro bivugwamo ari iby’ikigereranyo. Ku murongo wa 5 n’uwa 6 havuga icyo ibyo bihuriyeho n’Umwuzure wo mu gihe cya Nowa. Icyo gihe isi ya kera yararimbutse, ariko umubumbe wacu nta cyo wabaye. Ahubwo Umwuzure wahitanye abantu babi, akaba ari bo biswe “isi.” Nanone Umwuzure warimbuye “ijuru,” ni ukuvuga ubutegetsi bw’abantu bw’icyo gihe (Intangiriro 6:11). Bityo rero, amagambo ari muri 2 Petero 3:7, ni ubuhanuzi buvuga ukuntu abantu babi n’abategetsi babo bazarimbuka burundu.
Bizagenda bite ku munsi w’imperuka?
IGISUBIZO BIBILIYA ITANGA: “Isi irashirana n’irari ryayo, ariko ukora ibyo Imana ishaka ahoraho iteka ryose.”—1 YOHANA 2:17.
Iyo ‘si’ izashira, si uyu mubumbe; ni abantu bose badakora iby’Imana ishaka. Kimwe n’uko umuganga ashobora guca urugingo rwafashwe na kanseri kugira ngo arokore umurwayi, Imana na yo ‘izakuraho’ abantu babi kugira ngo abeza bishimire ubuzima hano ku isi (Zaburi 37:9). Bityo rero, twavuga ko “imperuka y’isi” ari nziza.
Kuba “imperuka y’isi” yerekeza ku kintu cyiza, bishimangirwa na Bibiliya zimwe na zimwe zihindura ayo magambo zivuga ko ari “iherezo rya gahunda y’ibintu” cyangwa “iherezo ry’ibihe” (Matayo 24:3, New International Version). Ubwo se kuba isi izagumaho ikazaba iriho n’abantu, ntibizaba bikwiriye ko nyuma yaho habaho ibihe bishya cyangwa uburyo bushya bwo kubaho? Bibiliya igaragaza ko ari uko bizagenda, kuko ivuga ko hari “isi izaza”.—Luka 18:30.
Icyo gihe kiri imbere ni cyo Yesu yise igihe cyo ‘guhindura byose bishya.’ Abantu bazabaho nk’uko Imana yari yarabiteganyije (Matayo 19:28). Icyo gihe:
Abantu bazaba muri paradizo ku isi nta cyo bikanga kandi bafite byose.—Yesaya 35:1; Mika 4:4
Bazagira akazi keza kandi gashimishije. —Yesaya 65:21-23.
Bazakira indwara z’ubwoko bwose.—Yesaya 33:24.
Ntibazongera gusaza.—Yobu 33:25.
Abapfuye bazazuka.—Yohana 5:28, 29.
Niba dukora ibyo Imana ishaka, ntidukwiriye gutinya imperuka y’isi. Ahubwo dukwiriye kuyitegerezanya amatsiko menshi.
Ese koko imperuka iri hafi?
IGISUBIZO BIBILIYA ITANGA: “Nimubona ibyo byose bibaye, muzamenye ko ubwami bw’Imana bwegereje.”—LUKA 21:31.
Mu gitabo Porofeseri Richard Kyle yanditse kivuga ibirebana n’iminsi y’imperuka, yaravuze ati “ibintu bihinduka mu buryo butunguranye n’imivurungano iba mu baturage, bituma dutekereza ku isohozwa ry’ibyavuzwe ku birebana n’imperuka y’isi.” Ibyo abantu babitekereza cyane cyane mu gihe badashobora gusobanukirwa impamvu zitumye habaho iryo hinduka n’iyo mivurungano.—The Last Days Are Here Again.
Icyakora, abahanuzi bavuze ibirebana n’imperuka, ntibagerageje gusobanura iby’imperuka y’isi bahereye ku bintu by’amayobera byabaye mu gihe cyabo. Ahubwo bahumekewe n’Imana, basobanura uko ibintu byari kuzaba byifashe igihe imperuka y’isi yari kuzaba yegereje. Isomere bimwe mu bivugwa muri ubwo buhanuzi, urebe niba koko birimo bisohora muri iki gihe.
Intambara, inzara, imitingito n’indwara z’ibyorezo.—Matayo 24:7; Luka 21:11.
Urugomo rwariyongereye cyane.—Matayo 24:12.
Abantu barimbura isi.—Ibyahishuwe 11:18.
Abantu barikunda, bakunda amafaranga kandi ntibakunda Imana.—2 Timoteyo 3:2, 4.
Ibibazo mu miryango.—2 Timoteyo 3:2, 3.
Abantu ntibashishikazwa no kumva ko imperuka yegereje.—Matayo 24:37-39.
Ubutumwa bwiza bw’Ubwami bw’Imana bubwirizwa ku isi hose.—Matayo 24:14.
Nk’uko Yesu yabivuze, “ibyo bintu byose” tubona bigaragaza ko imperuka yegereje (Matayo 24:33). Abahamya ba Yehova bemera ko ibyo bimenyetso bifite ishingiro, kandi babwiriza mu bihugu 236 kugira ngo bageze ku bandi ibyo bizera.
Ese kuba abantu baragiye bibeshya ku gihe imperuka izabera, byaba bigaragaza ko imperuka itazabaho?
IGISUBIZO BIBILIYA ITANGA: “Igihe bazaba bavuga bati ‘hari amahoro n’umutekano!,’ ni bwo irimbuka ritunguranye rizabagwa gitumo nk’uko ibise bitungura umugore utwite, kandi nta ho bazahungira rwose.”—1 ABATESALONIKE 5:3.
Bibiliya igereranya iryo rimbuka n’ibise, ari bwo bubabare umugore agira iyo agiye kubyara. Ibyo bise bigomba kubaho kandi biza bitunguranye. Igihe kibanziriza imperuka kigereranywa na cya gihe umugore aba atwite, kuko umugore ufite icyizere agenda abona ibimenyetso by’uko ari hafi kubyara. Umuganga umuvura ashobora kugenekereza akavuga itariki azabyarira. Nubwo atabyara neza neza kuri iyo tariki, aba azi neza ko byanze bikunze azabyara. Mu buryo nk’ubwo, kuba imperuka itaba mu gihe abantu bari biteze, ntibikuraho ibimenyetso bidakuka biranga ‘iminsi y’imperuka.’—2 Timoteyo 3:1.
Ushobora kwibaza uti ‘none se niba hari ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko imperuka yegereje, kuki abantu benshi batabimenya?’ Bibiliya igaragaza ko abantu benshi batari kuzaha agaciro ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko imperuka yegereje. Aho kumva ko ibibera ku isi bigenda birushaho kuzamba kandi ko turi mu minsi y’imperuka, bari kuzaba bakoba ababyizera, bavuga bati “uhereye igihe ba sogokuruza basinziriye mu rupfu, ibintu byose bikomeza kumera nk’uko byahoze kuva isi yaremwa” (2 Petero 3:3, 4). Mu yandi magambo, ibimenyetso by’iminsi y’imperuka birigaragaza, ariko abantu barabyirengagiza.—Matayo 24:38, 39.
Iyi ngingo yagaragaje bimwe mu bimenyetso bishingiye ku Byanditswe bigaragaza ko imperuka yegereje. * Ese wifuza kumenya ibindi bimenyetso? Niba ubyifuza, ushobora gusaba Umuhamya wa Yehova akagufasha kwiga Bibiliya ku buntu. Ashobora kugusanga iwawe cyangwa ahandi hantu hakunogeye, cyangwa se mukigira Bibiliya kuri telefoni. Nta kindi bizagusaba uretse gushaka umwanya, kandi rwose bizakugirira akamaro cyane.
^ par. 39 Niba wifuza ibindi bisobanuro, reba igice cya 9 kivuga ngo “Ese koko turi mu ‘minsi y’imperuka’?,” mu gitabo Ni iki mu by’ukuri Bibiliya yigisha?, cyanditswe n’Abahamya ba Yehova.


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Nyagatare: Yakurikiye igihembo cya 3,000Frw bimuviramo gupfa
Umugabo witwa Hafashimana Sylvestre w’imyaka 37 y’amavuko, yitabye Imana aguye mu musarane kubera igihembo cya 3,000 Frs yemerewe kugira ngo akuremo ibyangombwa byari byaguyemo.
Byabaye ku gicamunsi cyo ku wa Gatandatu tariki ya 03 Nyakanga 2021, mu mudugudu wa Kabirizi bita Kanguka, Akagari ka Mbare mu Murenge wa Karangazi.
Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w’Akagari ka Mbare, Rutayisire Sam, avuga ko Hafashimana Sylvestre n’abandi bari mu itsinda, barisoje uwitwa Mutimukeye ajya mu kwiherera mu musarane wa Manantirenganya Athanase, ibyangombwa bye bigwamo.
Manirafasha ngo yamubwiye ko yabimukuriramo akamuhemba undi arabyemera birangira agiyemo ntiyabasha kuvamo.
Ati "Mutimukeye yagiye mu bwiherero atamo ibyangombwa birimo Perimi, Irangamuntu, ikarita za ‘Tap and go’ n’ibindi. Amakuru twahawe n’abaturage ni uko ngo yamwemereye 3,000 Frs, mukuru we n’umugore we bamubuza kujyamo arabyanga ajyamo kuko ngo yari asanzwe acukura imisarane".
Rutayisire akomeza avuga ko akigeramo hasi, kuko umusarane ari bwo wari ugitangira gukoreshwa yakomezaga kuvugana n’abo hejuru ariko bigera aho bumva atangiye guhirita bikekwa ko yabuze umwuka.
Avuga ko bashakishije abamukuramo ariko birananirana akurwamo mu gitondo cyo ku Cyumweru yapfuye.
Umusarane yaguyemo ureshya na metero icyenda z’ubujyakuzimu, hakaba hategerejwe ko RIB itanga icyemezo cyo kuwushyingura.
Ibitekerezo ( 2 )
Birababaje kubona umuntu abura ubuzima bitewe n’amafaranga kandi ntakiguzi wagura ubuzima
Iyi ni indice de pauvreté mentale ! Kujya mumusarani wakoreshejwe ukurikiye 3000 frw !! Mbyumva kenshi hirya no hino plz hazageho amabwiriza abuza ibintu nkibi biteye isoni...bidutwara abantu. Ibyangombwa leta ibitanga ntaho yagiye kuki wumvako utaye ibyangombwa biba birangiye!!


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ABAKURAMBERE N’ABAHANUZI
IGICE CYA 45 - KUGWA KWA YERIKO22
Abaheburayo bari bamaze kwinjira muri Kanani, ariko bari batarayitsinda ngo bayihindure; kandi mu mirebere ya kimuntu, urugamba rwo kwigarurira icyo gihugu rwagombaga kumara igihe kirekire kandi rukomeye. Kanani yari ituwe n’ubwoko bw’abantu b’abanyambaraga, bwari bwiteguye cyane kurwanya abatera igihugu cyabo. Amoko atandukanye yari yarishyize hamwe kubwo guterwa ubwoba n’akaga kabibasira bose. Amafarashi yabo n’amagare y’ibyuma y’intambara, kumenya neza igihugu cyabo, no kuba bari baratojwe iby’intambara byabashaga kubahesha amahirwe yo gutsinda. Byongeye kandi, igihugu cyari kirinzwe cyane n’imidugudu igoteshejwe inkike z’amabuye zigera ku ijuru. (Gutegeka kwa kabiri 9:1). Keretse gusa ku bwo kwiringira imbaraga zitari izabo ni ho Abisiraheli bari bateze gutsinda muri iyo ntambara yari ibategereje. AA 334.1
Umwe mu mijyi yari ikomeye cyane kurusha iyindi muri icyo gihugu wari Yeriko. Yeriko yari nini, ikungahaye kandi iri imbere yabo ku ntera ngufi uvuye aho babambye amahema yabo i Gilugali. Ku rubibi rw’ikibaya kirumbuka cyari gikungahaye kirimo n’umusaruro w’ibihingwa bitandukanye, hari ingoro z’abakomeye n’ingoro z’ibigirwamana byarangaga kudamarara n’ingeso mbi. Iminara miremire y’uwo mujyi w’ubwibone yawuteraga gusuzugura Imana y’Abisiraheli. Yeriko yari umwe mu byicaro by’ingenzi byo gusengerwamo ibigirwamana, ariko by’umwihariko ikaba yari yareguriwe Ashitaroti, ikigirwamanakazi cy’ukwezi. Aho ni ho hari isangano ry’ibizira byose bikabije n’ibibi byarangaga idini ry’Abanyakanani. Abisiraheli bari bacyibuka neza ingaruka zishishana z’icyaha bakoreye i Betipewori, barebaga uwo mujyi w’ubupagani bakawuzinukwa kandi ukabatera ishozi. AA 334.2
Yosuwa yabonye ko gutsinda Yeriko ari yo ntambwe ya mbere bagomba gutera mu kwigarurira Kanani. Ariko mbere ya byose, yashatse igihamya cy’uko Imana izabayobora, kandi aragihabwa. Ubwo yari yavuye mu nkambi akajya kwiherera no gusaba Imana ya Isiraheli kugira ngo izagende imbere y’ubwoko bwayo, yabonye umurwanyi wambariye urugamba, ufite igihagararo n’igitinyiro, “afite inkota mu ntoke.” Ku kibazo Yosuwa yamubajije ati: “Mbese uri uwo mu bacu cyangwa uwo mu babisha bacu?” yaramusubije ati: “Oya, ahubwo nje nonaha kubera ingabo z’Uwiteka umugaba.” Rya tegeko ryahawe Mose ubwo yari ku musozi wa Horebu ngo: “Kwetura inkweto mu birenge byawe, kuko aho uhagaze aha ari ahera,” ryagaragaje kamere nyakuri y’uwo mushyitsi udasanzwe. Kristo, Nyirikuzo ni we wari uhagaze imbere y’umuyobozi w’Abisiraheli. Yosuwa yahinze umushyitsi, maze agwa hasi yubamye aramuramya, nuko yumva amagambo y’ibyiringiro ngo: “Dore nkugabije i Yeriko n’umwami waho n’intwari zaho.” Icyakurikiyeho yaje guhabwa amabwiriza y’uko azigarurira uwo mujyi. AA 334.3
Ku bwo kumvira itegeko ry’Imana, Yosuwa yayoboye ingabo za Isiraheli. Ntibagombaga gushotora. Bagombaga kuzenguruka uwo mujyi gusa, bahetse isanduku y’Imana kandi bavuza impanda. Imbere habanje abarwanyi bakomeye, itsinda ry’abantu b’abagabo batoranyijwe, ariko noneho batigaruriye Yeriko kubw’ubuhanga bwabo n’ubutwari bwabo, ahubwo ari kubwo kumvira amabwiriza bahawe n’Imana. Hakurikiyeho abatambyi barindwi bavuza impanda. Hakurikiraho Isanduku y’Imana, igoswe n’ikuzo ry’Imana, ihetswe n’abatambyi bambaye imyambaro yerakana umurimo wabo wera. Nuko hakurikiraho ingabo z’Abisiraheli, umuryango wose uri hamwe n’ibendera ryawo. Uwo ni wo mutambagiro wazengutse uwo mujyi wari mu mahenuka. Nta jwi ryumvikanaga uretse imirindi y’izo ngabo zikomeye n’amajwi meza y’impanda (amahembe) yirangiraga mu misozi akumvikana mu tuyira tw’i Yeriko. Bazengurutse uwo mujyi barawurangiza, izo ngabo zigaruka ku mahema yazo zicecetse maze isanduku nayo isubizwa mu myanya wayo mu ihema ry’ibonaniro. AA 334.4
Abarinzi b’umujyi barebaga urwo rugendo bumiwe kandi batangaye babimenyesha abategetsi. Ntabwo bamenye na gato ubusobanuro bw’uyu mwiyereko; ariko ubwo babonaga izo ngabo zikomeye cyane zizenguka umujyi wabo incuro imwe ku munsi, zifite isanduku yera y’Isezerano n’abatambyi bayihetse, ibanga ry’iyo migenzereze ryateye ubwoba mu mitima y’umutambyi na rubanda [bo mu mujyi]. Na none bagombaga kugenzura uburinzi bwabo bukomeye, bakumva neza ko bashobora kuzanesha igihe bagabweho igitero gikomeye. Abantu benshi basuzuguraga cyane igitekerezo cy’uko hari ikibi gishobora kuzabageraho giturutse kuri iyo myiyereko gusa. Abandi bagiraga ubwoba cyane uko bagendaga babona umwiyereko wa buri munsi Abisiraheli bazenguruka umujyi. Bibutse ko igihe kimwe Inyanja itukura yitandukanyirije imbere y’ubwo bwoko, kandi ko inzira yahise ikingurwa imbere yabwo mu ruzi rwa Yorodani. Ntabwo bari bazi rero ibitangaza bindi Imana yari kubakorera. AA 335.1
Ingabo z’Abisiraheli zazengurutse umujyi wa Yeriko iminsi itandatu. Umunsi wa karindwi ugeze, kare kare mu rukerera, Yosuwa arangaza imbere y’ingabo z’Uwiteka. Noneho bahawe amabwiriza yo kuzenguruka Yeriko incuro ndwi no kuvuza impanda (amahembe) baranguruye cyane, kuko Uwiteka yari yabagabije uwo mujyi. AA 335.2
Izo ngabo nyinshi zizenguka izo nkike zitonze. Bose bari batuje uretse injyana y’imirindi y’abantu benshi bagendaga, n’amajwi y’impanda (amahembe) yumvikanaga rimwe na rimwe mu gitondo cya kare hatuje. Inkike nini zari zubakishijwe amabuye akomeye zasaga n’izidashobora gusenywa n’abantu. Abarinzi bari ku nkike bakomeje kubyitegerezanya ubwoba bwinshi, ubwo babonaga kuzengurukwa bwa mbere birangiye, hagakurikiraho incuro ya kabiri, incuro ya gatatu, incuro ya kane, incuro ya gatanu, incuro ya gatandatu. Mbese umugambi w’uko kuzenguruka kw’amayobera wari kuba uwuhe? Mbese ibintu bikomeye byari bigiye kuba byari ibiki? Ntabwo bari bagifite igihe kirekire cyo gutegereza. Ubwo bari bamaze kuzenguruka ku ncuro ya karindwi, uwo mwiyereko muremure warahagaze. Za mpanda zari zimaze umwanya zicecetse noneho zaravugijwe cyane ku buryo amajwi yazo yanyeganyeje isi. Za nkike z’amabuye akomeye, hamwe n’iminara yazo miremire biremereye, biranyeganyega, byiyasa imitutu bihereye mu mfatiro, maze biridukira hasi biba nk’amatongo. Abaturage b’i Yeriko bari batashywe n’ubwoba, maze ingabo z’Abisiraheli zinjira muri uwo mujyi zirawigarurira. AA 335.3
Ntabwo Abisiraheli batsinze kubwo imbaraga zabo bwite; ahubwo intsinzi yose yari iy’Uwiteka; kandi umusaruro wa mbere w’imbuto z’icyo gihugu, umujyi hamwe n’ibyari biwurimo byose, byagombaga kwegurirwa Imana ho igitambo. Abisiraheli bagombaga kwigishwa ko mu gutsinda Kanani batagombaga kwirwanirira, ko ahubwo bagomba kuba ibikoresho byo gushyira mu bikorwa ubushake bw’Imana; ntibashake ubutunzi cyangwa kwishyira hejuru kwabo, ahubwo bakogeza icyubahiro cya Yehova Umwami wabo. Mbere y’uko bigarurira Kanani bari bahawe itegeko ngo: “Namwe muzirinde mu buryo bwose ikintu cyose cyashinganywe; kuko nimugikoraho muzazanira urugerero rw’Abisirayeli umuvumo n’amakuba.” AA 335.4
Abaturage bose bo muri uwo mujyi, hamwe n’ikintu cyose gihumeka cyari kiwurimo, “abagabo n’abagore, abaton’abakuru n’inka n’intama n’indogobe” babyicishwa inkota. Keretse gusa Rahabu wari indahemuka, hamwe n’ab’umuryango we bose nibo barokowe, kugira ngo hasohozwe rya sezerano abatasi bari baramusezeraniye. Umujyi ubwawo waratwitswe; ibihome byawo n’ingoro zawo, amazu yawo y’ibitangarirwa n’ibikoresho bya gikungu byayarangwagamo, imyenda y’igiciro cyinshi n’iby’imirimbo byose biratwikwa. Ikitashoboraga gutwikwa n’umuriro, nk’“ifeza n’izahabu, n’ibikoresho by’imiringa n’iby’ibyuma,” byagombaga kwegurirwa umurimo wo mu ihema ry’ibonaniro. Aho hantu uwo mujyi wai wubatswe hari havumwe; Yeriko ntiyagombaga kuzongera gusanwa ngo ikomere; ibihano byari biteganyirijwe umuntu wese guhangara gusana inkike zari zasenywe n’imbaraga z’Imana. Abisiraheli bose bari barabwiriwe mu ruhame amagambo akomeye ngo: “Umuntu uzaghaguruka akajya kubaka uyu mudugudu w’i Yeriko, avumwe imbere y’Uwiteka. Igihe azubaka imfatiro zaho, apfushe imfura ye; n’igihe azahaterera inzugi z’amarembo azapfushe umuhererezi we.” AA 336.1
Kurimbuka gukomeye kw’abantu b’i Yeriko kwari ugusohora kw’amabwiriza yari yaratanzwe mbere anyujijwe kuri Mose ku byerekeye abaturage b’i Kanani ngo: “Uzabarimbure rwose.” (Gutegeka kwa kabiri 7:2). “Ariko mu midugudu y’aya mahanga, . . . ntuzakize ikintu cyose gihumeka.” (Gutegeka kwa kabiri 20:16). Ku bantu benshi ayo mategeko asa n’aho anyuranye n’umwuka w’urukundo n’imbabazi bitegekwa mu yindi migabane y’ibitabo bigize Bibiliya, ariko mu by’ukuri yari amategeko atanzwe na Nyirubwenge n’ineza bitagerwa. Imana yari iri hafi gutuza Abisiraheli i Kanani, muri bo ikahashyira ishyanga n’ubutegetsi bwagombaga kugaragaza ubwami bwayo ku isi. Ntibagombaga kuba abaragwa b’iyobokamana nyakuri gusa, ahubwo bagombaga no kwamamaza amahame yaryo mu isi yose. Abanyakanani bari barirunduriye mu bibi bikabije bya gipagani, kandi byari ngombwa ko igihugu gihumanurwamo ikintu cyose cyazitiraga gusohora kw’imigambi myiza y’Imana. AA 336.2
Abaturage b’i Kanani bari barahawe amahirwe ahagije yo kwihana. Mu myaka mirongo ine mbere y’icyo gihe, kwitandukanya kw’Inyanja Itukura ndetse n’ibihano byahanishijwe Misiri byari byarahamije ububasha bw’Imana y’Abisiraheli. Ubu na bwo gukurwaho kw’abami b’ i Midiyani, i Galeyadi n’ i Bashani, ryongeye kugaragaza cyane ko Yehova aruta ibigirwamana byose. Ubutungane bw’imico ye n’urwango yanga ibibi rwagaragariye mu bihano yasutse ku Bisiraheli bitewe n’uko bifatanyije bakagira uruhare mu mihango izira y’ i Bali-Pewori. Ibyo bikorwa byose byari bizwi n’abaturage b’i Yeriko, ndetse harimo benshi bari basangiye na Rahabu ibyo yemeraga nubwo banze rwose kubyumvira. Rahabu yemeraga ko Yehova, Imana ya Isiraheli, “ari yo Mana iri mu ijuru hejuru, no ku isi ukagera ikuzimu.” Nk’uko byari bimeze ku bantu ba mbere y’Umwuzure, Abanyakanani bari babereyeho gusa gutuka Ijuru no konona no kwanduza isi. Urukundo n’ubutabera byasabaga ko habaho igihano cyihuse gihabwa abo bantu bagomeye Imana ndetse bagahinduka n’abanzi b’umuntu. AA 336.3
Mbega uburyo byoroheye ingabo zo mu ijuru guhirika inkike z’i Yeriko, uwo mujyi warangwaga n’ubwibone wari ufite inkike zikomeye zari zarateye ubwoba bwinshi abatasi batizeraga mu myaka mirongo ine yari ishize! Nyirububasha Imana ya Isiraheli yari yaravuze iti: “Dore nkugabije i Yeriko.” Nta mbaraga z’umuntu zashoboraga guhangana n’iryo jambo. AA 337.1
‘Ku bwo kwizera inkike z’ i Yeriko zararidutse’ (Abaheburayo 11.30). Umugaba w’ingabo z’Uwiteka yavuganye na Yosuwa gusa. Ntabwo yigeze yihishurira iteraniro ryose, bityo bagombaga kwizera cyangwa bagashidikanya amagambo ya Yosuwa, bakumvira amategeko abahaye mu izina ry’Uwiteka cyangwa bakanga ubutegetsi bwe. Abisiraheli ntibashoboraga kubona imitwe y’ingabo z’abamarayika bari babatabaye bayobowe n’Umwana w’Imana. Bagomba kuba baratekereje bati: “Mbega ukuntu iyi myiyereko idasobanutse, mbega uburyo bikojeje isoni kuzenguruka inkike z’uyu murwa buri munsi, tuvuza impanda zikozwe mu mahembe y’amapfizi y’intama. Ibi ntacyo byakora ku minara ikomeye.” Nyamara umugambi nyawo wo gukomeza uwo muhango wo kuzenguruka mu gihe kirekire nk’icyo kibanzirira isenyuka rya nyuma ry’inkike, watanze umwanya wo gukuza kwizera mu Bisiraheli. Byagombaga kwandikwa mu bwenge bwabo ko imbaraga zabo zitakomokaga mu bwenge bwa muntu, cyangwa mu mbaraga ze, ko ahubwo zikomokaga ku Mana y’agakiza kabo. Kubw’ibyo, bagombaga kumenyera kwishingikiriza gusa ku Muyobozi wabo wo mu ijuru. AA 337.2
Imana izakorera ibikomeye abayizigira. Impamvu abavuga ko ari ubwoko bwayo badafite imbaraga ikomeye, ni uko biringira cyane ubuhanga bwabo bwite, bityo ntibahe Uwiteka umwanya wo kugaragaza imbaraga ze ku bwabo. Mu bihe bikomeye byose, Uwiteka azafasha abana be bamwiringira nibaramuka bashyize ibyiringiro byabo byose muri we kandi bakamwumvira badakebakeba. AA 337.3
Nyuma gato yo kugwa kwa Yeriko, Yosuwa yagambiriye gutera Ayi, akadugudu gato kari mu bihanamanga ku birometero bike ugana mu burengerazuba bw’ikibaya cya Yorodani. Abatasi boherejwe muri ako kadugudu bagarukanye inkuru ivuga ko abaturage baho ari bake, kandi ko ingabo nke gusa ari zo zikenewe kugira ngo bahatsinde. AA 337.4
Intsinzi ikomeye Imana yari yabahesheje, yatumye Abisiraheli bigirira icyizere. Kuko Imana yari yarabasezeraniye igihugu cy’i Kanani, bumvise batekanye maze bananirwa kumenya ko ubufasha bw’Imana bwonyine ari bwo bubahesha intsinzi. Ndetse na Yosuwa yateguye imigambi ye yo kwigarurira Ayi atigeze agisha Imana inama. AA 337.5
Abisiraheli bari batangiye kurata imbaraga zabo bwite ndetse no kunnyega abanzi babo. Bari biringiye kunesha mu buryo bworoshye, maze batekereza ko ingabo ibihumbi bitatu zihagije kugira ngo zifate uwo mudugudu. Izo ngabo zihutiye kugaba igitero nta gihamya zifite cy’uko Imana izabana nabo. Barasatiriye bagera hafi y’irembo ry’umudugudu ngo basakirane n’ingabo nyinshi zakereye kubarwanya. Batenguwe n’ubwoba ubwo bari babonye ubwinshi n’imyiteguro ihagije by’abanzi babo maze bahunga batazi iyo bajya bamanuka ku gacuri. Abanyakanani babakurikiranye imbaraga nyinshi “babavana imbere y’irembo ryabo, . . . babirukana ikijyepfo.” Nubwo abapfuye bari bake urebye ku mubare wabo, kuba abantu mirongwitatu na batandatu barishwe, uko gutsindwa kwakuye umutima iteraniro ryose ry’Abisiraheli. “Imitima y’abantu ishya ubwoba, ihinduka nk’amazi.” Iyo yari inshuro ya mbere basakiranye n’Abanyakanani, kandi niba bari bahunze imbere y’abarwaniriraga ako kadugudu gato, byari kugenda bite mu ntambara zikomeye zari imbere yabo? Yosuwa yitegereje gutsindwa bagize, asanga ari ikigaragaza ko Imana itabishimye, maze muri ako kababaro no kumirwa “ashishimura imyenda ye, agwa yubamye imbere y’Isanduka y’Uwiteka, ageza nimugoroba, we n’abakuru b’Abisirayeli bitera umukungugu mu mitwe.” AA 337.6
Yosuwa yaratatse ati: “Ayi we, Nyagasani Mana! Ni iki cyatumye wambutsa aba bantu Yorodani, ukaba udushyize mu maboko y’Abamori ngo baturimbure? . . . None Mana ndacyavuze iki, ubwo Abisiraheli bahaye ibitugu ababisha babo? Abanyakanani n’abo mu gihugu cyose nibabyumva, bazatugota, bazimanganye amazina yacu mu isi. None se, izina ryawe rikuru uzarirengera ute?” AA 338.1
Uwiteka asubiza Yosuwa ati: “Byuka; ni iki gitumye ugwa wubamye? Abisiraheli bacumuye kuko baciye mu itegeko ryanjye nabategetse.” Cyari igihe cyo gufata umwanzuro wihutirwa, nticyari igihe cyo kwiheba no kuganya. Mu nkambi hari habaye icyaha gihishwe, kandi cyagombaga gutahurwa kigakurwa imbere y’Uwiteka maze imigisha ye ikabasha kuba ku bwoko bwe. “Ndetse sinzongera kubana namwe ukundi, keretse murimbuye ikivume mukagikura muri mwe.” AA 338.2
Itegeko ry’Imana ryari ryasuzuguwe n’umwe mu bari batoranyirijwe gushira mu bikorwa ibihano byayo. Ndetse n’ishyanga ryose ryari cyashyizweho igicumuro cy’uwo mugome: “Batwaye ku bintu byashinganywe, barabyiba barirengagiza, ndetse babishyira mu bintu byabo.” Yosuwa yahawe amabwiriza amufasha gutahura no guhana uwo mugome. Bagombaga gufinda ubufindo kugira ngo batahure uwo munyabyaha. Ntabwo umunyagicumuro yahise yerekanwa ako kanya, ikibazo cyabaye nk’igishidikanywaho igihe gito kugira ngo abantu babanze bumve inshingano bafite kubw’ibyaha biri hagati muri bo, bityo bibatere kwisuzuma mu mitima no kwiyoroshya imbere y’Imana. AA 338.3
Kare kare mu museso, Yosuwa yateranyirije abantu bose hamwe uko imiryango yabo iri, maze wa muhango ukomeye cyane w’ubufindo uratangira. Buhoro buhoro ubushakashatsi bwarakomeje. Birakomeza, birakomeza bigera ku yindi ntera iteye ubwoba. Bwa mbere hasuzumwa umuryango, hakurikiraho amazu, hakurikiraho inzu imwe imwe, maze amaherezo umuntu arafatwa; nuko Akani umuhungu wa Karumi, wo mu muryango wa Yuda atungwa urutoke n’ukuboko kw’Imana ko ari we wateye Abisiraheli akaga. AA 338.4
Kugira ngo he kuba ibibazo bijyanye n’icyaha cye, kandi ngo he kuzaba ikirego cy’uko yaba yararenganyijwe, Yosuwa yarahije Akani ngo avugishe ukuri. Uwo munyacyaha yatuye icyaha cye rwose agira ati: “Ni ukuri koko, ni jye wacumuye ku Uhoraho Imana y’Abisiraheli . . . i Yeriko nahabonye umwambaro mwiza wo muri Babiloniya, n’ibiro bibiri by’ifeza na garama magana atanu by’izahabu. Narabyifuje ndabitwara mbitaba mu ihema, ifeza ni zo ziri hasi.” Nuko bahita bohereza intumwa mu ihema rya Akani, maze bacukura aho yabarangiye maze, “basanga bya bintu bitabyemo, ifeza ari zo ziri hasi. Nuko babisohora mu ihema babishyira Yosuwa, . . . babirambika imbere y’Uhoraho.” AA 338.5
Yaciriwe urubanza kandi ruhita rushyirwa mu bikorwa. Yosuwa yaravuze ati: “Ni iki cyatumye utugwa nabi? Na we Uwiteka arakugwa nabi uyu munsi.” Kubera ko abantu bari bagiweho n’icyaha cya Akani kandi bakagerwaho n’ingaruka zacyo, binyuze mu babahagarariye bagombaga kugira uruhare mu kugihana. “Abisiraheli bose bamutera amabuye.” AA 339.1
Birangiye bamurundaho ikirundo kinini cy’amabuye nk’igihamya cy’icyaha cye n’igihano cyacyo. Nuko icyo gikombe bacyita igikombe cya “Akori” bisobanura ngo “amakuba.” Mu gitabo cy’ibyo ku Ngoma harimo urwibutso rwe rwanditsemo ngo: “wababazaga Isiraheli.” 1 Ngoma 2:7. AA 339.2
Icyaha cya Akani cyakozwe bitewe no gusuzugura imiburo yumvikana neza kandi y’ukuri ndetse no kwigaragaza gukomeye k’ububasha bw’Imana. Abisiraheli bose bari babwiwe ngo: “Mwirinde ubwanyu kwenda ku bintu byashinganywe, keretse niba namwe mushaka kuvumwa.” Iri tegeko ryatanzwe bakimara kwambuka Yorodani mu buryo bw’igitangaza, bamaze kuzirikana isezerano ry’Imana bagakebwa- bamaze kwizihiza Pasika, na nyuma yo kwigaragaza kwa Malayika w’Isezerano, Umugaba w’Ingabo z’Ishoborabyose. Iryo tegeko ryari ryakurikiwe no kugwa kwa Yeriko, bitanga ibyiringiro byo kurimbuka kwari kuzaba ku bagomera amategeko y’Imana bose. Kuba ububasha bw’Imana bwonyine ari bwo bwahaye intsinzi Abisiraheli, kuba batarigaruriye Yeriko kubw’imbaraga zabo bwite, byahaye uburemere itegeko ryababuzaga gufata ku bintu bivumwe. Kubw’ubushobozi bw’Ijambo ryayo, Imana yari yarashenye icyo gihome. Intsinzi yari iyayo, kandi umurwa n’ibyari biwurimo byose nabyo byagombaga gushinganwa. AA 339.3
Muri izo miliyoni z’Abisiraheli harimo umuntu umwe gusa, wahangaye kugomera itegeko ry’Imana muri iyo saha ikomeye y’intsinzi n’urubanza [kuri Yeriko]. Kwifuza kwa Akani kwabyukijwe n’ubwiza bw’uwo mwambaro w’igiciro wo mu gihugu cy’ i Shinari; ndetse n’igihe wari umugejeje aho agomba kwicwa ubwe yawise “Umwambaro mwiza w’i Shinari 23.” Icyaha kimwe cyari cyateje intambwe yo gukora ikindi, maze afata izahabu n’ifeza byerejwe ububiko bw’Uwiteka. Yibye Imana ku muganura wo mu gihugu cy’ i Kanani. AA 339.4
Icyaha simusiga cyagejeje Akani ku kurimbuka cyari gishinzi imizi yacyo mu kwifuza. Mu byaha byose iki ni cyo rusange kandi usanga ari cyo gifatwa ko cyoroheje kurenza ibindi. Mu gihe ibindi byaha bigenzurwa bigatahurwa kandi bigahanirwa, ni kangahe icyaha cyo kwica itegeko rya cumi cyamaganwa? Uburemere bw’iki cyaha n’ingaruka njyanamuntu zacyo, ni byo byigisho dusanga mu gitekerezo cya Akani. AA 339.5
Kwifuza ni ikibi kigenda gikura buhoro buhoro. Akani yari yarimitse ingeso yo gukunda indonke kugeza ubwo ihindutse akamenyero, imubohesha iminyururu inangiye atashoboraga guca. Mu mwanya wo kwihambira kuri iki kibi, yagombaga kugira ubwoba kubwo gutekereza icyago yateje Abisiraheli; ariko intekerezo ze zari zaramugajwe n’icyaha; maze igishuko kije, atsindwa bitagoranye. AA 339.6
Mbese ibyaha nk’ibyo ntibigikorwa, kandi haratanzwe imiburo yumvikana? Tubujijwe rwose guha intebe kwifuza nk’uko Akani yari yabujijwe gutwara ku minyago y’ i Yeriko. Imana yavuze ko ibyo ari ugusenga ibigirwamana. Turaburirwa ngo: “Ntimubasha gukorera Imana n’ubutunzi.” (Matayo 6:24). “Mwitonde kandi mwirinde kwifuza kose.” (Luka 12:15). “Ntibikavugwe rwose muri mwe” (Efeso 5:3). Imbere yacu natwe tuhafite iteka riteye ubwoba Akani yaciriweho, irya Yuda, irya Ananiya na Safira. Mbere y’iteka ryaciriwe aba bose, hari iteka Lusiferi “umwana w’umuseke” yaciriweho. Lusiferi yifuje umwanya wo hejuru maze atakaza ubwiza n’umunezero byo mu ijuru. Nyamara n’ubwo hari iyo miburo yose, kwifuza kuraganje. AA 340.1
Ahantu hose, ibimenyetso byako bito biragaragara. Kwifuza gutera ubushyamirane n’amacakubiri mu miryango; gutera igomwa n’urwango hagati y’abakene n’abakire; kugatera abakire gukandamiza abakene. Nyamara iki cyaha ntabwo kiba mu b’isi gusa, ahubwo kiba no mu itorero. Mbega ukuntu bisigaye ari gikwira mu itorero hose kubonamo kwikunda, kurarikira, ubugugu, kwirengagiza kugira neza no kwiba Imana “icya cumi n’amaturo.” Benshi mu bagize itorero “bagaragara neza kandi badasiba” harimo ba Akani benshi! Abantu benshi baza mu rusengero, bakicara ku meza y’Umwami, kandi mu mitungo yabo hahishwemo indonke z’inyibano, ibintu Imana yavumye. Bitewe n’umwambaro mwiza w’i Babuloni, abantu benshi cyane muri iki gihe bemera guhara ibyo umutimanama ubemeza n’ibyiringiro byabo by’ijuru. Abantu batabarika bagurana ubupfura bwabo no kuba ingirakamaro kwabo agapfunyika ka shekeli y’ifeza. Iminiho y’abakene bababazwa ntiyitabwaho; umucyo w’ubutumwa bwiza urapfukiranwa, gukwenwa n’ab’isi bikongezwa n’imikorere inyurana n’Ubukristo; nyamara uwo uvuga ko ari Umukristo kandi yifuza iby’abandi agakomeza kwirundanyiriza ubutunzi. Uwiteka aravuga ati: “Mbese umuntu yakwiba Imana ibyayo? Ariko dore mwarabinyibye” Malaki 3:8. AA 340.2
Icyaha cya Akani cyateje ishyanga ryose akaga. Kubera icyaha cy’umuntu umwe, uburakari bw’Imana buzaguma ku Itorero ryayo kugeza igihe ubugome buzashakishwa maze bukarandurwa. Niba hari amatwara n’ibikorwa itorero rigomba gutinya kurusha ibindi, ntabwo ari iby’abarirwanya ku mugaragaro, abatizera, n’abatuka Imana. Ahubwo rigomba gutinya ibikorwa by’abitirirwa Kristo bakebakeba. Bene abo ni bo basubiza inyuma imigisha y’Imana ya Isiraheli kandi bagateza intege nke ubwoko bwayo. AA 340.3
Igihe itorero riri mu ngorane, igihe ubukonje no gusubira inyuma mu by’umwuka biriho, bigaha abanzi b’Imana urwaho rwo gutsinda, niba bimeze bityo, aho kwipfumbata no kuganya kubw’ako kaga, nimucyo abagize itorero bashakishe niba nta Akani ubarimo. Mu mwuka wo kwicisha bugufi no kwinira mu mutima, mureke buri wese aharanire gutahura ibyaha bihishwe bitubuza amahirwe yo kubana n’Imana. AA 340.4
Akani yemeye icyaha cye, ariko kwatura kwe byari byatinze kugira ngo bimugirire akamaro. Yari yarabonye ingabo za Isiraheli zitahuka ziva kuri Ayi zineshejwe kandi zakutse umutima; nyamara, ntiyarushya aza azisanga ngo yature icyaha cye acyihane. Yari yarabonye Yosuwa n’abakuru ba Isiraheli bacuritse imitwe ku butaka bashavuye bitavugwa. Iyo icyo gihe yatura icyaha cye, aba yaragaragaje kwihana nyakuri; ariko yakomeje kwicecekera. Yari yumvise itangazo rivuga ko hari icyaha gikomeye cyakozwe, ndetse yari yumvise n’imiterere yacyo yose ivugwa kandi irondorwa. Ariko yakomeje kubumba iminwa ye. Hakurikiyeho kugenzura bikomeye. Mbega uko ubugingo bwe bwahinze umushyitsi kubera ubwoba ubwo yabonaga ubufindo bufashe umuryango we mugari, hanyuma inzu ya se, hanyuma inzu ye bwite! Ariko na bwo ntiyatura, kugeza aho urutoke rw’Imana rumwerekaniye. Ubwo icyaha cye cyari kitagihishiriwe, ni bwo yemeye ukuri. Ni kangahe kwatura nk’uko kubaho. Hari itandukaniro rikomeye cyane hagati yo kwemera ibyakozwe nyuma yuko bimaze kugaragazwa no kwatura ibyaha bizwi gusa natwe ubwacu n’Imana. Akani ntaba yaratuye iyo atiringira ko gukora atyo birabuza ingaruka z’icyaha cye. Nyamara kwatura kwe nta kindi kwamaze uretse kugaragaza ko igihano cye ari icy’ukuri. Nta kwihana icyaha nyakuri yari afite, nta mutima umenetse, nta guhindura imigambi, nta no kuzinukwa icyaha byari bimurimo. AA 340.5
Uko ni ko abanyabyaha bazatura ibyaha ubwo bazaba bahagaze imbere y’urukiko rw’Imana nyuma y’uko urubanza rwose ruzaba rwamaze gucibwa ruhesha ubugingo cyangwa urupfu. Ingaruka zizagera kuri buri wese zizamutera kuzirikana icyaha cye. Bizasunikwa n’imbaraga yo mu mutima itewe no kumva ko aciriweho iteka ndetse no guterwa ubwoba no kuba ategereje urubanza. Ariko rero, bene uko kwihana ntikubasha gukiza umunyabyaha. AA 341.1
Igihe cyose bagishobye guhisha ibicumuro byabo bagenzi babo, abantu benshi nka Akani, bumva biturije, kandi bakishima bishuka bibwira ko Imana itazahana icyaha yihanukiriye. Bose bazaba baramaze gukererwa cyane ibyaha byabo bibagaragaze kuri urya munsi ubwo batazezwa n’igitambo by’iteka ryose. Ubwo ibitabo byo mu ijuru bizabumburwa, ntabwo Umucamanza azavugisha amagambo ngo abwire umuntu icyaha cye, ahubwo azabararanganyamo amaso, ijisho rye ricengere, ijisho ryemeza abantu ibyaha byabo, maze igikorwa cyose n’ibyo umuntu yakoze mu buzima bwe, bizaherako byandikwe mu bwenge bw’umunyacyaha. Ntabwo bizaba ngombwa ko umuntu ashakishwa mu muryango we nk’uko byabaye mu gihe cya Yosuwa, ahubwo akanwa ke ubwe ni ko kazatura ikimwaro afite. Ibyaha byahishwe abantu ntibabimenye, bizatangarizwa isi yose. AA 341.2


text:
Nigeria ikoze amateka yo guha ikiruhuko kinini umugabo wabyaye
Ibi bisobanura impinduka zikomeye mu mategeko agenga abakozi ba Leta mu gihugu kandi bikozwe nyuma y’impaka nyinshi zimaze imyaka myinshi zivuga ku kibazo cy’ikiruhuko cy’ababyeyi b’ababagabo.
Umuyobozi w’abakozi ba Leta muri Nigeria, Folasade Yemi-Esan, yavuze ko ikiruhuko cy’ababyeyi cy’iminsi 14 kizafasha ababyeyi b’abagabo n’impinja zabo “kubana neza”.
Avuga ko ikiruhuko kireba abagabo bafite abo bashakanye babyaye ndetse n’ababyaye umwana utararenza amezi ane.
Mbere yiyi politiki, abagore bonyine ni bo bari bafite uburenganzira bwo kuruhuka.
Ikiruhuko cyo kubyara ku bagabo kimwe mu bimenyetso bw’ubusumbane bw’ibitsina
Itangizwa ry’ikiruhuko cyo kubyara muri Nigeria rije mu gihe abakangurambaga bakomeje guharanira ko abagabo bagira uruhare runini mu kwita ku bana no gushyigikira ababyeyi.
Uku ni ugushaka kuva mumigenzo yo guharira inshingano zo kurera gusa ababyeyi b’abagore.
iki kiruhuko kighiye kujya gihabwa abagabo muri Nigeria, nti kiri henshi ku isi ku nko mu Rwanda umugabo wabaye ahabwa ikiruhuko cy’iminsi 4 mu gihe umugore aruhuka iminsi 120.


text:
Ubuyobozi bw’Intara y’Amajyaruguru bukomeje gushakira ibisubizo ibibazo by’abaturage
Guverineri w’Intara y’Amajyaruguru, Nyirarugero Dancille n’inzego z’Umutekano muri iyo Ntara, bakomeje gahunda yo kwegera abaturage, hagamijwe kubakangurira kurwanya ibyaha, akarengane na ruswa no kwakira bimwe mu bibazo bafite binashakirwa umuti.
Mu gihe ubwo buyobozi bwasuraga abatuye Umurenge wa Kivuruga mu Karere ka Gakenke, ku gicamunsi cyo ku wa Mbere tariki 20 Nzeri 2021, abaturage bamuhundagajeho ibibazo binyuranye basaba ko bikemurwa, mu rwego rwo kuzamuka mu iterambere ryabo.
Abo baturage hari byinshi bishimira Leta imaze kubagezaho birimo amashuri, amavuriro, amazi, amashanyarazi, amaterasi y’indinganire, gahunda ya Girinka n’ibindi, ariko bagira ibyo bagaragaza bikibabangamiye mu iterambere ryabo aho basabye ko byakemuka.
Ku murongo w’ababaza ibibazo wari muremure, bamwe bahawe umwanya wo kubaza ariko bijyanye n’igihe cyabaye gito ntihakirwa bose, bamwe basabwa ko ibibazo byabo byandikwa bikazakemurwa mu minsi idatinze.
Ibyo bibazo byabajijwe ni ibyari byiganjemo, ibijyanye n’ingurane z’ubutaka bwanyujijwemo ibikorwaremezo byiganjemo umuriro w’amashanyarazi aho abaturage bakomeje gusiragira mu kwishyuza izo ngurane ibyo bikababuza kwikorera imirimo yabo, hagaragazwa n’ibibazo by’amakimbirane yugarije imiryango n’ibindi bibazo binyuranye.
Umwe mu baturage babajije yagize ati “Turashimira iterambere Leta ikomeje kutugezaho, ariko hari aho ibyo bikorwaremezo byagiye binyuzwa ariko abaturage ntiturahabwa ingurane. Ni ibibazo twabajije ariko ntidusubizwe, none twifuje kubibagezaho Nyakubahwa Guverineri ngo udufashe kwishyurwa ingurane z’ubutaka bwacu bwubatswemo ibikorwaremezo binyuranye birimo amashanyarazi”.
Abaturage kandi bagaragaje ko bifuza ishuri ry’imyuga (TVET) mu Murenge wa Kivuruga, mu rwego rwo gufasha abana batuye muri ako gace kwiremamo icyizere cyo kwihangira imirimo, basaba kandi ko Ikigo Nderabuzima cya Bushoka cyakongererwa abaganga kugira ngo gishobore gutanga serivisi nziza kandi yihuse ku bakigana.
Abenshi bagiye bagaragaza ikibazo cy’amakimbirane mu miryango cyane cyane gishingiye ku butaka, bagaragaza ikibazo cy’inyongeramusaruro, aho bavuga ko itinda kubageraho, bagaragaza n’ibibazo by’abaturage batishoboye bubakiwe inzu na Leta ntizuzura bakaba bakomeje kubaho mu buzima bubi.
Bagejeje kandi ibibazo kuri Guverineri bibangamiye abatuye uwo Murenge wa Kivuruga birimo ikibazo cy’umuriro w’amashanyarazi muke mu Kagari ka Cyintare, bamugezaho n’ikibazo cy’umuhanda Kivuruga-Busengo bifuza ko watunganywa ukarushaho kuba nyabagendwa.
Ibyo bibazo binyuranye abaturage bagiye babaza, Guverineri Nyirarugero yagiye abaha ibisubizo birimo icyizere cyo kubikemura mu gihe kitarambiranye, bimwe nyuma yo kubiha umurongo abishinga ababifite mu nshingano mu Karere ka Gakenke, aho yabasabye kubikurikirana vuba abaturage bagahabwa ibibagenewe.
Mu butumwa Guverineri Munyarugero yagejeje kuri abo baturage, nyuma yo kumva ibibazo byabo no kubiha umurongo ngenderwaho mu kubishakira ibisubizo, yabasabye kubungabunga ibikorwaremezo binyuranye bamaze kugezwaho, birimo imihanda, amavuriro, amashuri, amashanyarazi, amaterasi y’indinganire n’ibindi, abasaba kubibyaza umusaruro ukwiye mu rwego rwo kuzamura iterambere n’imibereho myiza yabo.
Mu bindi kandi yasabye abo baturage bo mu Murenge wa Kivuruga, yabibukije ko bagomba kubungabunga umutekano, kwirinda amakimbirane mu miryango, kurwanya ibiyobyabwenge, kwitabira gahunda za Leta zirimo mituweli na Ejoheza, abasaba no gukomeza kwirinda ikwirakwira ry’icyorezo cya Covid-19 cyugarije isi.


text:
Amabanga y’inzovu, IGICE CYA MBERE
Hashingiwe ku ibisekuru bya kera by’inzovu biragaragara ko zari zinyanyagiye ku migabane yose y’isi uretse Australia na Antractique. Ikibabaje ni uko muri iki gihe zisigaye ku migabane ibiri gusa, ariyo Afuruka na Aziya. Zikunda kuba mu bishanga ahari ibyatsi birebire, mu mashyamba, mu butayu ndetse no mu misozi.
Izi nyamaswa nini cyane kandi zifite ubwonko bwibuka cyane kandi ziba mu miryango ikundana cyane zibaho zite?
UMUSEKE wabateguriye inkuru z’uruhererekane zivuga ku nzovu…
Inzovu nyafurika
Ku nzovu nyafurika, ingabo ziba zonyine ariko ingore zo ziba hamwe mu matsinda. Iyo hari akana kavutse izindi ngore ziza gufasha ngenzi zayo kugahagurutsa. Kimwe mu bintu biranga inzovu ni amenyo yigonze areba hejuru, ikaba ifite ubwonko bufata ibintu byinshi kandi ikaba inyabigango.
Inzovu zo muri Afurika zikaba zimwe mu nyamaswa ziramba kuko zishobora kuramba imyaka irenga 60.
Umwanzi wa mbere w’inzovu nkuru ni umuntu kuko nta yindi nyamaswa yapfa kuyikorereza, Ibyana byazo byo byicwa n’inyamaswa z’inkazi nk’intare n’izindi.
Inzovu zo muri Aziya
Inzovu zo muri Aziya ni nto ugereranyije n’izo muri Afurika. Ziba ngufi ugereranyije n’inzovu zo muri Afurika zo mu mikenke, n’amatwi yazo ntabwo ari maremare k’uburyo yakora ku ntugu.
Iyo muri Aziya ishobora kugira uburemere buri hagati ya Toni 2 na Toni 5, ingore ikagira uburemere bwa Toni 3.
Inzovu zo muri Aziya zigira uruhu rufite ibara ry’ikijuju cyijimye.
Ingore ntikunda kugira amenyo asohoka hanze (ayo bamwe bita amahembe) uretse ko niyo ameze aba ari magufi. Inzovu zo muri Aziya ubu ziboneka mu duce tumwe na tumwe two mu Buhinde, Sri Lanka, u Bushinwa no mu bihugu byo mu Majyepfo ashyira Uburasirazuba nka Bangladesh na Népal.
Hashize imyaka myinshi inzovu zikoreshwa imirimo inyuranye mu bikorwa bya muntu, nko guterura ingiga z’ibiti, kwikorera ibikoresho mu gihe cy’ubwubatsi, guheka abantu, gukoreshwa mu ntambara n’ibindi.
Intambara zizwi mu mateka ya kera zakoreshejwemo inzovu ni iziswe Guerres Puniques(264-146 mbere ye Yesu Kirisitu) aho ingabo za Roma zashakaga kwigarurira ubwami bwa Carthage.
Amateka y’izi ntambara yanditswe n’Umugereki witwa Polybe wari warajyanywe i Roma nk’umunyagano abyandika mu bitabo yise ‘Les Histoires’.
Inzovu ni inyamaswa nini cyane k’uburyo butangaje. Iyo igenda iba isa n’iri komboka, wayitegereza ukaba wagira ngo iri mu myiyerekano w’abanyamideli.
Igenda ibilometero bitandatu ku isaha, iyo iri ku muvuduko usanzwe ariko iyo yihuta igenda ibilometero 40 ku isaha.
Kubera imiterere y’imibiri yazo, inzovu ntizishobora gusimbuka cyangwa kwijugunya mu kirere yewe ntizishobora no kwambuka imyobo nyamara ziri mu nyamaswa zizi koga k’uburyo kwambuka imigezi n’ibiyaga ari ibintu bizorohera cyane.
Igira umutonzi ikoresha izamura ibyatsi igiye kurisha.
Umutonzi kandi ni intwaro ikomeye ku nzovu kubera ko iwifashisha mu kuvuna amashami y’ibiti cyangwa mu kurwana. Iwifashisha iyo iri guhumeka cyangwa guha umubiri wayo amahumbezi
Amatwi y’inzovu ni urugingo ruyifitiye umumaro ukomeye.
Iyifashisha ihoza cyangwa igabanya ubushyuhe bw’ umubiri wayo.
Iyo witegereje neza, amatwi y’inzovu zo muri Aziya, usanga ajya gusa n’afite ishusho y’ikarita y’igihugu cy’u Buhinde.
Mu gihe inzovu zo muri Afurika zo usanga amatwi yazo ajya kugira ishusho y’ikarita ya Afurika ku ruhande rw’iburyo ku gutwi kw’iburyo, nubwo bwose usanga bidahura neza neza.abantu benshi bakaba bibaza impamvu zabyo.
Inzovu ikoresha ibijigo iyo iri guhekenya ibyo iba yariye akenshi usanga biba bigizwe n’amababi, ibishishwa by’ibiti, inti z’amashami ndetse n’imizi y’ibiti n’ibindi bimera.
Mu kigero cy’imyaka iri hagati ya 40 na 60, inzovu zikuka ibijigo kandi ntabwo ziba zigishoboye guhekenya ibintu bikomeye.
Mu gihe nk’iki iba ishobora kwicwa n’inzara gusa ibi bikaba bimenyerewe ku impfu z’inzovu kuko hari igihe zicwa no kubura ibizitunga bihagije kubera ko ziba zitabasha guhekenya.
Ubwo ziba zigeze mu zabukuru!
Amenyo y’imbere y’inzovu bamwe banita amahembe y’inzovu, ubusanzwe aba ari abiri kandi ari maremare.
Aya niyo menyo manini kandi aremereye ugereranyije n’andi menyo y’ibindi binyabuzima byose biri ku isi.
Amenyo y’inzovu ziyakoresha iyo ziri gucukura imizi y’ibiti cyangwa ziri gushakisha amazi.
Ziyakoresha kandi ziri gushishura ibiti kugira ngo zirye ibishishwa, zishobora kuyakoresha kandi iyo ziri kurwanira ingore mu gihe cyo kwimya.
Inzovu z’ingabo zo muri afurika zishobora kuyakoresha zirinda ko ibyana byazo byicwa n’intare ndetse n’izindi nyamaswa z’inkazi.
N’ubwo uruhu w’inzovu rugira umubyimba munini ntibirubuza kuba wakwinjiramo udukoko nk’ibirondwe, isazi, inda, n’utundi dukoko dushobora kuyitera kugubwa nabi kubera ko tunywa amaraso kandi tukayishyiramo indiririzi (microbes).
Amaso y’inzovu ni mato ugereranyije n’ubunini bw’umutwe wayo kandi ntabona neza.
Iyo izunguza umutwe wayo ntibasha kureba inyuma kubera ko uba ufite aho utarenga.
Ibi bituma iyo ihindukiye ihindukiza umubyimba wose.
Ibindi byiyumvo by’inzovu nko kumva, guhumurirwa, kurigata cyangwa gukoresha ururimi ndetse no gukorakora bikora neza cyane ku rwego rwo hejuru.
Inzovu zikunda kurisha ahantu hari ibyatsi byinshi kandi bitoshye nk’amababi, amashami mato mato, ibishishwa by’ibiti, imimero y’ibiti by’amoko anyuranye n’amoko amwe n’amwe y’ibyatsi, imbuto z’ubwoko butari bumwe, indabyo z’ibiti binyuranye, imizi y’ibiti, n’ibindi bimera b’amoko anyuranye.
Ibyo inzovu yariye binyura byihuta mu nzira y’igogorwa ku buryo intungamubiri zivamo aba ari nke ndetse kuko ibyatsi bigogorwa nabyo biba ari bike, ibigera kuri kimwe cya kabiri cy’ibyo yariye irabyituma.
Iyi niyo mpamvu inzovu ikenera kurisha igihe kirekire kandi ikarya ibilo byinshi kugira ngo umubiri wayo ubone ibiwutunga ibashe kubaho neza.
Mu byanya bikomwe aho inzovu ziba zisanzuye, zimara amasaha umunani ziri kurisha ni ukuvuga ko zimara ¾ by’amasaha agize umunsi ziri kurisha.
Inzovu nkuru kandi itarwaye ishobora kurya ibilo biri hagati ya 200 na 300 ku munsi.
Inzovu ihaka amezi ari hagati ya 20 na 22 akaba ari nacyo gihe kirekire kibaho mu nyamaswa ziba ku isi.
Hagati y’ibyumweru bitatu na bine, ibyana bitangira kwigaburira ubwabyo, bifata amezi atandatu kugira ngo icyana kibe cyabasha kunywa amazi gikoresheje umutonzi wacyo nyirizina.
Inzovu zihanahana amakuru hagati yazo mu buryo butandukanye zikoresha zitumanaho.
Muri bwo harimo gukoranaho, gusohora amajwi, kumva impumuro, no gukoresha ibice by’umubiri bigaragara inyuma iyo hari ibyo zimenyesha ngenzi zazo.
Ahanini zikorana ho zifashishije umutonzi. Gusunikana, guterana ibisa n’imigeri, kwisiritanaho ni bumwe mu buryo bukoreshwa n’inzovu mu guhanahana amakuru
Inzovu nanone zikoresha ijwi rinyaruka zisa n’iziri kuboroga (rumbling) k’uburyo iri jwi ryambukiranya rikagera mu ntera iri kure y’aho ziri mu gihe zishaka gutumanaho na ngenzi zazo ziri mu birometero byinshi uvuye aho ziri.
Ubushakashatsi bwa vuba bwerekanye ko inzovu ifite ubushobozi bwo gukoresha ijwi ritumvwa n’amatwi y’abantu.
Inzovu zishobora gukoresha ibimenyetso byihishe mu nkari cyangwa mu mase yazo mu guhanahana amakuru na ngenzi zazo.
Ibi bimenyetso by’ubutabire biba byihishe mu mpumuro bishobora kumenywa n’izindi nzovu ziri hafi aho kimwe nuko inzovu ubwayo ishobora kubigeza ku zindi Nzovu ziri hafi ikoresheje guhuhera uwo mwuka uvamo.
Iyo iri mu gihe cyo kwimya, nanone umwuka isohora uba ushobora gutanga ubutumwa ku zindi nzovu.
Hari abanditsi benshi banditse ku marangamutima y’inzovu kandi bagiye bagaragaza byinshi kuri zo.
Mubyagaragaye mu nzovu zo mu gasozi ni uko zirangwa n’ubudahemuka hagati yazo ndetse zikagira n’urukundo muri zo.
Iyo bibaye ngombwa zimwe zitangira izindi.
Iyo hari icyana cyavutse inzovu zikora umunsi mukuru mu rwego rwo kwishimira mwene wazo mushya ugeze mu muryango.
Iyo imwe muri zo yapfuye zirayiririra kugeza n’aho zisuka amarira kandi zikagira igihe cyo kwiraburira ngenzi zayo yazivuyemo.
Nta gushidikanya ko inzovu irusha inyamaswa nyinshi ubwenge yewe inaburusha injangwe n’imbwa zo mu rugo.
Ibihamya ni byinshi:
Inzovu zo muri Aziya inzovu zitozwa gutwara ba mukererugendo no gukina nabo, inzovu zitozwa gukora indi mirimo imwe n’imwe nko kwikorezwa imitwaro iremereye no gupakira imodoka.
Ibyana bishobora kumenya no kwibuka inzira binyuranamo na za Nyina igihe ziri gushaka ibyo ubwatsi n’amazi.
Iki nacyo kikaba ari ikindi kimenyetso kigaragaza ubwenge buhanitse inzovu zifite.
Udukino dutandukanye twagiye tugaragazwa n’inguge twenda gusa neza neza n’utwo inzovu z’ibyana zikora mu kugaragaza ubwenge buhanitse zifite.
Ibi bigaragarira mu dukino two kwihishana no kuvumburana aho ziba zihishe, gukururana imwe ishaka kuzana ngenzi yayo cyangwa gusunikana imwe ishaka gukura ngenzi yayo mu mwanya, gukirana n’indi myinshi ijya gusa n’iyo abana b’abantu bakunda gukina.
Iyi mikino ituma inzovu zikiri ibyana zigira ubumenyi bw’uko zigomba kubana mu miryango migari yazo kandi zikabana mu miryango yunze ubumwe
Iyo inzovu ishaka kwishima ku mabondo yayo, akenshi ikunda kwisunga umugina usa nkaho wigiye hejuru, nuko igaca bugufi igasa n’iyegamiyeho ikishima igenda yikubaho yarangiza igahaguruka ikikomereza gahunda zayo.
Kimwe nuko hari ubwo ishaka kwishima ku gice cyo ku inda ikareba umugina mugufi ikawuhagarara hejuru, nuko igasa n’ishaka gupfukama ikagenda yikubaho kugeza isoje icyo gikorwa.
Inzovu zifatiye runini amashyamba ndetse n’imikenke kuko iyo zirisha hejuru mu biti zituma hakinguruka izuba rikabasha gucengera rikagera no ku bindi bimera biri hasi bityo nabyo bigasagamba bikajya ejuru.
Iyo inzovu ziri kugenda zirandura ibyatsi bituma ubutaka bwiterera hejuru cyangwa bwibirindura bugahumeka ibi bigatuma ibyatsi bishya bimera bigasimbura ibyo ziba zariye.
Imyaka ishize ni myinshi abantu bafata inzovu bakazitoza gukora imirimo inyuranye harimo imirimo ijyanye n’ubukerarugendo, imirimo yo guterura imitwaro iremereye igapakirwa mu modoka.
Mu by’ukuri inzovu zishobora gushiraho kuko bigaragara ko abazihiga ahanini baba bishakira amenyo yazo.
Mugushakira umuti iki kibazo, mu mwaka wa 1989 bikozwe n’umuryango mpuzamahanga hasinywe amasezerano mpuzamahanga akumira icuruzwa ry’ibinyabuzima (ibiti n’ibimera) byo mu gasozi bibangamiwe ku’buryo bukomeye (CITES).
Nyuma yuko aya masezerano asinywe n’ibihugu 120 yagize umusaruro ushimishije mu kugabanya iri curuzwa ry’aya menyo ndetse n’iyicwa rikabije ry’inzovu.
Iyo hari inzovu ibaye imfubyi ikiri nto, biba ngombwa ko ivanwa mu zindi igashyirwa ahantu hamwe mu rwego rwo kuyifasha kwiyakira no kuzigarurira icyizere nyuma yaho ikazasubizwa mu zindi zimaze kwiyubaka.
Inzovu ibaye imfubyi ikiri nto ihura n’ingorane nyinshi harimo kubura ibiyitunga, kubura inyigisho ziyifasha kubaho akenshi usanga zizihabwa n’inzovu nkuru kandi ziba zishobora no gupfa igihe icyo aricyo cyose.
Inzovu zo muri Pariki y’Akagera ziboneka mu bice byose z’iyi Pariki kandi usanga ahanini zibanda mu duce tubonekamo amazi kuko ari ho zibasha kubona ibizitunga mu buryo bworoshye.
Nusura iriya pariki uzazisanga mu gice cy’amajyepfo zikerekeza mu Majyaruguru y’iyi Pariki mu ntera igera ku bilometero birenga 100 zikagenda zigaruka bitewe n’ibihe ndetse n’iboneka ry’ibyo zirya bihagije.
Inzovu ziri muri Pariki y’Akagera muri iki gihe zifite umwihariko wo kuba zarahagejejwe mu mwaka wa 1975 zikuwe mu cyahoze ari komini Gashora (ni mu karere ka Bugesera muri iki gihe) na Komini Bicumbi (mu Karere ka Rwamagana muri iki gihe).
Amateka agaragaza ko inzovu ya mbere yagaragaye muri iyi Pariki mumwaka wa 1938
Byateguwe na NDAGIJIMANA Innocent/Umuherekeza wa ba mukerarugendo
UMUSEKE.RW


text:
Menya imitunganyirize n’imitangire y’amasoko ya Leta (igice cya gatatu)
Yanditswe na Habimana Augustin
Leta ikora kandi yubaka ibikorwa byinshi birimo ibikorwa remezo nk’imihanda, amashuri, amavuriro, inganda, inzu inzego zayo zikoreramo, igakenera ibikoresho binyuranye na serivisi byose bikorwa n’abikorera binyuze mu masoko atangwa hakozwe ipiganwa. Iyo ipiganwa ry’amasoko ya Leta rikozwe neza kandi mu mucyo, Leta irahendukirwa kandi ikabona na serivisi nziza bityo abaturage n’Igihugu bakahungukira. Ariko iyo amasoko ya Leta atanzwe nabi cyangwa akazamo ruswa, abaturage n’igihugu barahahombera, kuko batabona serivisi nziza, ibyasabwe bigakorwa nabi, ntibishobore kumara igihe kirekire, amafaranga menshi akanyerezwa akajya mu mifuka y’abantu ku giti cyabo.
Ni muri urwo rwego itegeko rigenga amasoko ya Leta ryariho ryahinduwe kugira ngo hanozwe imitunganyirize n’imitangire y’amasoko ya Leta cyane cyane hifashishijwe ikoranabunga, hagamije kurushaho gukorera mu mucyo, hanitabwa ku guteza imbere iby’iwacu.
Mu gice cya mbere n’icya kabiri by’iyi nyandiko, twabagejejeho ibikubiye mu Itegeko n° 62/2018 ryo ku wa 25/08/2018 rigenga amasoko ya Leta, twibanda cyane cyane ku bijyanye n’ibirebwa n’iri tegeko, amahame agenderwaho mu gutanga amasoko ya Leta, akanama k’amasoko n’ak’ubujurire, ibanga mu bijyanye no gutanga amasoko ya Leta, ubwoko bw’amasoko ya Leta, uburyo bukoreshwa mu kuyatanga, ibyo upiganwa agomba kuba yujuje kugira ngo ahabwe isoko, gukumira ruswa n’abemerewe gupiganira amasoko ya Leta. Muri iki gice haribandwa ku batemerewe gupiganira amasoko ya Leta, ibindi bibujijwe mu masoko ya Leta n’ibyerekeranye n’imyishyurire.
- Menya imitunganyirize n’imitangire y’amasoko ya Leta (igice cya mbere)
- Menya imitunganyirize n’imitangire y’amasoko ya Leta (igice cya kabiri)
Abatemerewe gupiganira amasoko ya Leta
Nk’uko ingingo ya 89 y’itegeko ry’amasoko ya Leta ibiteganya, kubera igongana ry’inyungu, abantu n’ibigo bikurikira ntibemerewe gupiganira amasoko ya Leta: abagize Guverinoma, abakuru b’inzego zitanga amasoko n’abakozi ba Leta bagengwa na sitati rusange igenga abakozi ba Leta n’abandi bagengwa n’amategeko yihariye; abagize Inama Njyanama y’Akarere ku masoko yatangajwe n’Uturere bakoreramo; ikigo cyangwa sosiyeti umukozi wa Leta, umubyeyi we, uwo bashakanye cyangwa umwana we afitemo imigabane ingana cyangwa irenga mirongo itanu ku ijana (50%), ahagarariye cyangwa abereye umwe mu bagize inama y’ubutegetsi ku masoko atangirwa mu rwego rwa Leta uwo mukozi akorera; uwahoze ari umukozi w’urwego rwa Leta ku masoko atangwa n’urwo rwego ataramara igihe k’imyaka itanu (5) cyangwa irenze aretse kuba umukozi w’urwo rwego keretse iyo ari urwego rutanga isoko rumukeneye, mu masoko ya serivisi z’impuguke, kubera ubumenyi bwihariye rumuziho. Icyakora, amasosiyeti y’ubucuruzi, abantu n’ibigo byavuzwe haruguru bafitemo imigabane iri munsi ya mirongo itanu ku ijana (50%) bashobora gupiganira amasoko ya Leta.
Ibindi bibujijwe
Iri tegeko kandi riteganya ko bibujijwe ko upiganwa ufite sosiyeti zirenze imwe cyangwa ufite imigabane ingana cyangwa irenga mirongo itanu ku ijana (50%) muri sosiyeti zirenze imwe, atanga inyandiko y’ipiganwa irenze imwe mu isoko rimwe; upiganwa ahurira mu isoko rimwe n’umubyeyi we, uwo bashakanye, umwana we, cyangwa amasosiyeti bafitemo imigabane ingana cyangwa irenze mirongo itanu ku ijana (50%); abagize akanama gashinzwe gutanga amasoko ya Leta cyangwa undi muntu wese ufite aho ahuriye n’itangwa cyangwa icungwa ry’amasoko ya Leta bagira uruhare mu itangwa cyangwa icungwa ry’isoko ryapiganiwe n’aba bakurikira: uwo bafitanye isano ishingiye ku buvandimwe kugera ku rwego rwa kabiri rutaziguye no ku rwego rwa gatatu ruziguye; uwahoze ari umukoresha we keretse iyo hashize imyaka itanu (5) uhereye igihe arekeye kuba umukozi we; uwo bafitanye inyungu z’amafaranga n’uwapiganwe afite amasezerano y’isoko nabo cyangwa ateganya kubona akazi cyangwa indi nyungu.
Mu gihe k’ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’amasezerano y’isoko, urwego rutanga isoko rufite uburenganzira bwo kongera, kugabanya cyangwa guhindura ingano y’ibikorwa biteganyijwe mu masezerano y’isoko cyangwa guhindura imiterere y’ibikorwa biteganyijwe hadahinduwe ubwoko bwayo, kubera impamvu zikomeye cyangwa kubera inyungu rusange. Iryo gabanuka, iyongerwa cyangwa ihindurwa ry’ibikorwa rigomba gukorerwa amasezerano y’inyongera agomba gushyirwa mu bikorwa agendeye ku biciro byo mu masezerano y’ibanze. Uwatsindiye isoko ntashobora kwanga gushyira mu bikorwa isoko ryagabanyijwe, ryongerewe cyangwa ryahinduwe, keretse iyo habaye igabanya ry’ikiguzi k’imirimo kirenze makumyabiri ku ijana (20%) by’ikiguzi k’isoko rya mbere.
Uwatsindiye isoko yemerewe kwifashisha ibimenyetso byose kugira ngo agaragaze uruhare rw’urwego rutanga isoko asaba kwishyurwa indishyi iyo ariyo yose, yerekana impamvu atubahirije igikorwa iki n’iki cyari mu nshingano ze cyangwa asaba gusubizwa igice cyangwa amafaranga yose yakoresheje.
Igihe cyose abisabwe n’urwego rutanga isoko, uwatsindiye isoko akosora, ku mafaranga ye, ikosa ryose ryagaragaye mu mirimo ye. Icyakora, ntashobora kuryozwa ibitakozwe n’ibihombo byatewe n’uko: urwego rutanga isoko rutakurikije inama zatanzwe n’uwatsindiye isoko; urwego rutanga isoko rwategetse uwatsindiye isoko gushyira mu bikorwa amabwiriza batabyemeranyaho cyangwa uwatsindiye isoko yagaragajeho impungenge; urwego rutanga isoko, abaruhagarariye, abakozi barwo cyangwa impuguke zarwo bashyize mu bikorwa nabi imyanzuro yatanzwe n’uwatsindiye isoko.
Kwishyura
Mu ngingo ya 170 y’iri tegeko hateganywa ko uretse igihe byemejwe n’Ikigo k’Igihugu gishinzwe gutunganya amasoko ya Leta, nta soko ry’imirimo, iryo kugemura cyangwa irya serivisi z’impuguke n’izitari iz’impuguke ryishyurwa mbere yo gushyirwa mu bikorwa no kwakirwa n’urwego rutanga isoko cyangwa umuntu ufite ububasha bwo kuruhagararira. Icyakora, igitabo kerekana uburyo ipiganwa rikorwa gishobora guteganya avansi ku mirimo. Iyo avansi ntishobora gutangwa gahunda y’ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’imirimo itaremezwa n’amasezerano y’isoko atarashyirwaho umukono.
Iyo imirimo itangiye, iyishyurwa mu byiciro ku bikorwa byarangiye na ryo riratangira. Icyakora iyishyurwa mu byiciro rishobora gukorwa cyangwa ntirikorwe ku masoko agomba kurangira mu gihe kiri munsi y’amezi atatu (3). Umubare w’amafaranga yishyuwe mu kiciro kimwe ntugomba kurenga agaciro k’ibikorwa byarangiye nyuma y’ikatwa ry’igice cya avansi. Kwishyura inyemezabuguzi yose igomba kwishyurwa ntibigomba kurenza iminsi mirongo ine n’itanu (45).
Ku bisobanuro birambuye ku byerekeranye n’amasoko ya Leta mwabisanga mu Itegeko n° 62/2018 ryo ku wa 25/08/2018 rigenga amasoko ya Leta ryasohotse mu igazeti ya Leta nomero idasanzwe yo ku wa 07/09/2018.


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Uburyo bwo kotsa Runonko, ni uburyo bwari bumenyerewe cyane mu Rwanda rwo ha mbere, na n’ubu bugikorwa. Kenshi na kenshi Runonko yotswaga n’abashumba baragiye kure y’ingo, abahinzi bagiye guhinga kure n’abandi.
Ibyo bikabafasha kwica isari ngo inzara itabatsemba bataragera mu rugo. Hari n’ababikoraga mu rwego rwo gushaka amafunguro ya vuba na bwangu, kugira ngo bakomeze imirimo yabo batagombye gusubira mu rugo.
Kotsa runonko byakorwaga mu buryo bwo kubaka akazu gato k’ibinonko babaga barimye mu murima w’igisigati bateguriye imvura y’umuhindo, bamara kukuzuza bagacanamo. Ikimenyetso kigaragaza ko Runonko yahiye, ni uko bya binonko byose byabaga umutukutuku.
Ubwo bagakuramo rya vu ry’inkwi bacanye bagashyiramo ibijumba, amateke n’imyumbati, hanyuma bagahonda bya binonko byatukuye bikaba itaka ariko riryamye kuri byabindi bifuza kotsa. Barangiza bakarenzaho akandi gataka gakeya kugira ngo wa muriro utaza kubatoroka ugasohoka bidahiye. Nyuma y’iminota runaka (byaterwaga n’ingano y’ibyo bokeje) bakaza kwarura, ubwo bagahunguraho ivu n’itaka ubundi bagafungura.
Runonko yagiraga imiziro itari mike, cyaraziraga gusura uyicaye iruhande, kuko yahitaga ihirima idahiye, cyaraziraga kandi kuyicanisha imyayu n’ibishwangara kuko yatindaga gushya, cyangwa se ibinonko ntibifate umuriro wakotsa ibyo binyabijumba. Runonko yotswagamo ibinyabijumba gusa.
Iyo bubakaga Runonko, byasabaga ko bayipfuka yose, ku buryo nta kenge na gato gashobora gusigara kacamo ibirimi by’umuriro bacanye, kuko byatumama itinda gushya.Uwabaga ari bwotse Runonko yitwazaga amazi yo kunywa, kuko ibyokejwemo bitera icyaka cyane. Ariko ikaba bumwe mu buryo buryoshya ibyokeje kuruta andi mashyiga.
Kotsa Runonko ni ikimenyetso kigaragaza uko abakurambare mpangarwanda bari bafite ubuhanga buhanitse, bwabafashaga kwirwanaho mu mibereho yabo ya buri munsi, n’igihe babaga bari kure y’ingo zabo cyangwa se badafite ubundi buryo bwo guteka.
Niyonzima Moïse