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Ku ya 25 Gashyantare, Inama ngarukamwaka ya 2021 y’inama y’ubukungu ya Quanzhou yarakozwe neza.Iyi nama ngarukamwaka y’ubukungu yateguwe na komisiyo ishinzwe iterambere n’ivugurura rya komini, Biro y’inganda n’inganda n’ikoranabuhanga, Biro y’ubucuruzi ya Komini, Biro ishinzwe kugenzura imari, Ibiro bishinzwe imiyoborere y’Umujyi, Ihuriro ry’amashyirahamwe y’abakozi, ihuriro ry’abakozi. Inganda n'Ubucuruzi, Ishirahamwe ry'Imijyi, hamwe na ba rwiyemezamirimo na ba rwiyemezamirimo.Abateguye hamwe n’ibiro bishinzwe amakuru bya nimugoroba bya Quanzhou bafatanije gukora inama ngarukamwaka y’ubukungu batangaza “TOP 10 Intelligent ibikoresho bikoresha ibikoresho” mu mujyi wa Quanzhou.
Muri byo, urutonde rw "Top 10 Yubwenge Bw’ibikoresho Bikora mu mwaka" ruyobowe na Biro y’inganda n’ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho na Quanzhou nimugoroba.Nyuma yo gutora mu ruhame no gusuzumwa byimazeyo n’abacamanza bagize impuguke, ibicuruzwa icumi byose byaturutse mu masosiyete icumi harimo na Wellson Machinery byaragaragaye maze byinjira ku rutonde rwa nyuma rw’abakora ibikoresho 10 by’ibikoresho by’ubwenge i Quanzhou muri 2021 ″.Ibikoresho byatoranijwe byatoranijwe byerekana ibyagezweho mu bwihindurize no guteza imbere inganda zubwenge nkicyatsi, automatisation, informatisation, na digitifike, kandi yashyizeho igipimo cy’inganda.
Urwego rwiterambere rwibikoresho byubwenge byahindutse ikimenyetso cyingenzi cyo gupima urwego rwinganda mumujyi wa Quanzhou.Icyitegererezo ntabwo ari indorerwamo gusa, ahubwo ni banneri, imbaraga ziyobora sosiyete imbere.
Twabibutsa ko "umurongo uhuza umurongo uhumeka wa firime uhumeka" wigenga wakozwe na Wellson Machinery mumyaka yashize ufite uruhare rugaragara mubikorwa byose, kandi byagaragaye nkibikoresho byambere bya tekinike byagezweho mu Ntara ya Fujian Filime yabo. umurongo wagaragaye nkigicuruzwa cyerekana "CNC Generation" mumujyi wa Quanzhou.
Mu rwego rwo gukomeza inyungu zo guhatanira ibicuruzwa byayo bwite no kuzamura irushanwa ry’ibanze mu bucuruzi, Wellson Machinery yakomeje kongera ishoramari mu bushakashatsi n’iterambere mu myaka yashize, yubaka ishami ryihariye ry’ubushakashatsi n’iterambere, kandi ishyiraho ubushakashatsi bwihariye kandi itsinda ryiterambere.Ati: “Kugeza ubu, isosiyete yacu ifite abakozi 20 ba siyansi n’ikoranabuhanga bose hamwe bakora imirimo ya R&D, barimo abakozi 16 ba siyansi n’ikoranabuhanga bakora igihe cyose bakora imirimo ya R&D.Ibyiciro byabakozi ba siyansi nubuhanga birimo imashini yubukanishi, ubwubatsi bwo guteranya, amashanyarazi, gahunda ya PLC, imashini ikora, imiyoboro yubukorikori, nibindi bifite icyerekezo cyuzuye cyumwuga hamwe nubushakashatsi bukomeye nimbaraga ziterambere.Muri 2020, isosiyete yashoye miliyoni 7.5146 yuan mu bushakashatsi n’iterambere, naho ubushakashatsi n’iterambere byose hamwe 5.82% byinjiza byose.
Mu myaka yashize, Wellson Machinery yamye ifata udushya twikoranabuhanga nkumurongo witerambere ryibikorwa, kandi yiyemeje guha abakiriya ibikoresho byongerewe agaciro.Hamwe nishoramari rya R&D hamwe nuburambe bwa tekiniki, Wellson Machinery yateje imbere umurongo wo gutunganya amafirime menshi, umurongo wa co-extrusion firime yo gukuramo, umurongo wa firime uhumeka, umurongo wa firime TPU / TPE, umurongo wa firime ya EVA izuba.
PE umurongo wa firime isobekeranye, gutwikisha ibicuruzwa no kumurongo.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-12-2022


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Ku wa 6 w’ icya 5 cy’igisibo, A, 4/4/2020
1º. Ezk 37, 21-28;Zab 32 (31), 10-12ab.13; Yh 11, 45-57.
Iyo nama dufatiyeho ukuzirikana kwacu uyu munsi, ni inama abatware b’abayahudi bagize. Iyo nama ngo yari igamije uburyo bashobora kwica Yezu! Biratangaje kubona abayoboye abandi ari bo bagiye inama nk’iyo! Birababaje ko ya nzira y’ubwigenge batari barigeze bayumva. Birashavuje kubona bararakoranyijwe no gukorera urupfu. Ese ubutwari mu batware bwavugwa ryari mu gihe bahujwe no kugira nabi. Umuntu wese ugira nabi, nta butwari bwe. Abantu bose bahuzwa no kunamama ibibi, nta wabita intwari. Mu isi yacu ya none, ntidushobora kuvuga ko ibyo bibi bya kera mu Bayahudi bitariho. Hirya no hino hari abagiranabi. Ni na yo mpamvu isi yacu ikomeza kuba mu kangaratete. Amasomo ya none adufashe gusabira abatware b’ubu kuba intwari zitanamanama ibibi bijyana mu rupfu. Natwe kandi aduhugure tuzirinde igihe cyose kwitabira amanama nk’ayo agamije gukora ishyano. Isomo rya mbere riratwumvisha ko Imana ishaka ubumwe. Ivanjili ikadufasha gusabira abatware b’ubu kugira ubwenge burenze ubw’ab’Ababayahudi bicishije Yezu.
1.Umuryango umwe
Uhoraho yahaye ubutumwa umuhanuzi Ezekiyeli: gutwara akabaho kanditseho izina “Yuda” (Amajyepfo ya Isiraheli) n’akandi kanditseho “Yozefu” (Efurayimu, cyangwa se Amajyaruguru ya Isiraheli). Ezekiyeli yatwaye utwo tubaho atwegeranyije. Uhoraho yashakaga kubabwira ko agiye kubahuriza hamwe. Nta Majyepfo, nta Majyaruguru, bose bazavanwa iyo bahungiye za Babiloni n’ahandi maze babe ihanga rimwe. Ubundi Ingoma yo mu Majyaruguru (Isiraheli) yari yararangiye muri 721 (mbere ya Yezu) igihe Abanyashuru basenye Samariya benshi bakajyanwa bunyago. Ingoma yo mu Majyepfo (Yuda) yo yatsiratsijwe muri 587 (mbere ya Yezu) igihe Nabukodonozoro asenye Yeruzalemu maze umwami (Sedekiya) akanogorwamo amaso n’ingabo ze nyinshi zigakembwa izindi zikajyanwa bunyago i Babiloni.
Ibyo byago byose by’isenyuka ry’imirwa ibiri yahoze irebana nk’abakeba byagombaga kurangira Abayahudi bagahurizwa mu ihanga rimwe bakiyumvamo ko koko ari umuryango w’Imana witeguye kwakira Umukiza, Umwana w’Imana. Ni uko byagenze, n’ubwo iby’ubuhunzi byarangiye ahagana muri 538 (mbere ya Yezu), Abayahudi bagarutse iwabo bubaka Yeruzalemu bakomeza iyobokamana ryabo ariko amahanga ya kure asimburana mu kubakoloniza kugeza Yezu aje. Habanje Abagereki basimburwa n’abaromani. Abo ariko ntibabujije Abayahudi kwiyumva nk’ihanga rimwe rihamagariwe gusenga Uhoraho Imana yabakuye kera mumenyo ya rubamba mu Misiri.
2.Iby’abatware n’abakuru b’umuryango
Igitangaje ni uko igihe Yezu aje, Abayahudi ntibabashije gushyira hamwe ngo bumve ko Umukiza wabavukiye abaganisha ku ndunduro y’Isezerano Aburahamu yagiriwe. Ahubwo abatware bakomeje gukorana n’abakoloni bashyira imbere iby’imiyoborere yabo n’imisengere yabo maze imibereho mishya Yezu yabigishaga bayitera umugongo.
Igihe cyose ni ngombwa ubushishozi. Hariho abayahudi batari bake bemeye Yezu. Ariko dutangazwe n’inama bamwe bagiranye mu gihe Yezu yari akomeje kwigisha no gukora ibitangaza ari na ko ahumura amaso ya rubanda. Igihe bose bari bamaze kwibonera ibyiza Yezu yakoze mu rugo rwa Mariya, Marita na Lazaro, abayahudi benshi barishimye. Nyamara bamwe muri bo baciye ruhinganyuma bajya kongorera byose Abafarizayi n’abaherezabitambo. Aho kwishima batangiye guhindagana bati: “Turabigenza dute, ko uriya muntu akomeza gukora ibitangaza byinshi? Nimumureka agakomeza kuriya, bose bazamwemera, maze Abanyaroma baze badusenyere Ingoro kandi barimbure abaturage”. Ubwoba bari bafite ni bwo bwatumye buzuza inama mbi maze umuherezabitambo mukuru w’uwo mwaka ari we Kayifa abagira inama yo kwica Yezu ngo aho kugira ngo harimbuke imbaga. Twiyumvisha ko yabaye atyo koko umuhanuzi n’ubwo atari azi neza ibyo avuga. Ariko nyine ni isohozwa ry’Ibyanditswe by’uko umwe Yezu Kirisitu yagomba gupfa akaba atyo inshungu ya twese.
Birababaje cyane ukuntu abatware ba Isiraheli bagiye inama yo kwica aho kugira iyo gukiza ubugingo bw’intungane. Nta bwenge buhagije bari bafite. Ubwonko bwabo bwari bwaratokowe ku buryo batamenye icyiza cyaruta ibindi. Nta wakwigira indangare ngo yemeze ko no mu gihe turimo ubwo bujiji butariho. Hari abantu b’impuguke bahura bakajya inama yo gukora nabi. None se abahuzwa n’amanama yo gushyiraho amategeko yica inzirakarengane zitaravuka ni bande? Ni abantu se batazi gusoma no kwandika? Si abiyita abahanga n’impuguke? Ni bande bica abantu babaziza ko badahuje ibitekerezo? Si abagome bakora amanama yo kunamama urupfu? Hirya no hino mu bihugu byo ku isi iryo bara turyumva kenshi. Kuva mu muntu w’umurozi uhitana inzirakarengane kubera ishyari n’urwango kugeza ku bategura imigambi yo guhitana abantu mu buryo bw’intambara, inama za shitani zirigaragaza kandi zigacura inkumbi!
3.Abagome ni bake
Ubundi tuzi neza ko ahari umuyobozi hose, iyo ari mwiza yiyegereza n’abamufasha bashyira mu gaciro bakayobora neza abo bashinzwe. Abatware ba Isiraheli si bo bari benshi ugereranyije n’imbaga yose y’Abayahudi. Ariko kubera ko nta bushishozi bagiraga, bayobeje imbaga yose maze bigaragara ko Yezu ahagurukiwe n’ihanga ryose! Ku buryo bwa kimuntu, hariho uwatekereza ko umutware mubi akwiye gupfa aho kugira ngo yoreke imbaga yose. Ni igitekerezo Kayifa yatanze usibye ko yibeshyaga kuko Yezu ntiyari mubi ku buryo yahabwa urupfu. Ahubwo inama ye yakwerekezwa ku muyobozi mubi byo byagira ishingiro. Ni koko umuyobozi mubi iyo apfuye, hari byinshi bihinduka. Ariko nk’abakirisitu ntitwifuza urupfu. Urupfu ntacyo rwungura cyane ko iyo umuntu apfuye arwanya Imana n’ibyiza, burya nta gushidikanya ajya mu nyenga y’umuriro w’iteka. Mu gihe cya Hitileri hariho abasenganga ngo ahinduke. Ariko hari n’abifuzaga ko apfa aho kugira ngo Abayahudi n’abandi bose bashire.
4.Dusabe
Dusabe hirya no hino mu bihugu haboneke abatware beza bazi neza icyiza icyo ari cyo. Ba bandi batitiranya ikibi n’icyiza. Nibaboneka bazubaka buri hanga rigire umutima umwe wo gufatanya kwiyubaka. Dusabe kandi buri koraniro rigire abayobozi beza. Ba bandi bari mu nzira y’ubwingenge nyabwo. Ba bandi bazi gushakira abo bashinzwe ubuzima babarinda urupfu. Ba bandi bifitemo umwuka wo guhanura kugira ngo mu gihe abatware bazaba bigize nk’ibirura, abashumba barengera intama babane na zo bazihumurize baziganishe kuri Yezu Kirisitu. Ntihakenewe abashumba b’injiji batazi gutandukanya icyiza n’ikibi.
Yezu Kirisitu ari kumwe natwe. Nasingizwe. Umubyeyi Bikira Mariya aduhakirwe. Abatagatifu, Isidori wa Seviye, Platoni, Petero n’umuhireYozefu Benito Dusumeti, badusabire kuri Data Ushoborabyose.
Padiri Cyprien Bizimana

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Butera Knowless na Clement bakoze ubukwe, basezeranywa na Pasiteri wigenga(amafoto)
Kuri iki Cyumweru tariki 7 Kanama 2016, nibwo Knowless na Clement bakoze ubukwe bwabo, ubukwe bwabereye i Nyamata mu karere ka Bugesera.
Ubu bukwe bwahuruje imbaga y’abantu benshi bashakaga kwihera ijisho, harimo abo mu karere ka Bugesera no mu bindi bice bitandukanye barimo n’abavuye mu mujyi wa Kigali.
Nyuma y’uko Itorero ry’Abadivantisiti b’umunsi wa Karindwi ritangaje ko Knowless na Clement ritabazi nk’abayoboke b’iri torero, aba bageni bahisemo gushaka undi ubasezeranya, uwo akaba ari umupasiteri witwa Rusine bivugwa ko yigenga afite n’itorero rye n’ubwo tutarabasha kumenya izina ryaryo.
nkowless na Clement basezeraniye i Nyamata, mu busitani buri hafi ya Golden Tulip Hotel byavuzwe kenshi ko ari yo izaberamo ubukwe, gusa siko byagenze.
Nk’uko byari byagenze mu mihango yo gusaba no gukwa, kuri iyi nshuro nabwo umutekano wari wakajijwe bihambaye, kuburyo abashungeraga bareberaga kure, uretse abatumiwe bari bemerewe kugera hafi y’abageni


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Sobanukirwa ibintu 6 bitari urukundo bikenewe hagati y'abakundana utari uzi cyangwa utajyaga uha agaciro.
Hari abatekereza ko gukunda ndetse nawe ugakundwa bihagije, ariko burya iyo bigeze ku bikenewe ngo umubano wanyu urusheho gukomera no gushinga imizi, urukundo rwonyine ntiruhagije.
Abakundana burya akenshi ntibatandukana kubera ko urukundo rwabuze, ahubwo hari ibindi bintu by’ingenzi biba byabuze kandi na byo bikenewe cyane kugira ngo urukundo rurusheho gushinga imizi.
Urubuga Elcrema rutanga inama ku rukundo n’imibanire y’abantu rwakusanyije bimwe mu bintu bitari urukundo bikenewe hagati y’abakundana kugira ngo barusheho gukomera mu rukundo no kurambana:
1.Icyizere
Niba ukundana n’umuntu ariko udashobora kumugirira icyizere cyangwa se mwese mukaba mutizerana ku buryo buhagije, ntimuzigere mutekereza ko umubano wanyu uzaramba kuko ntacyo ufite gihamye wubakiyeho.
Ukeneye kwizera uwo mukundana kugira ngo urukundo rwanyu rukomere.
Icyizere ariko na cyo ntigipfa kwizana ahubwo buri wese agomba guharanira no gukora ibikorwa bituma aba umwizerwa ku imbere y’umukunzi we.
2.Ubushake
Ikindi kintu gikenewe kugira ngo urukundo n’umubano birambe ni ubushake bwo kuba muri urwo rukundo koko.
Buri umwe mu bakundana agomba kugira ubushake bwo kubaka wa mubano ndetse bakagerageza no gushyiramo imbaraga nyinshi zishoboka kugira ngo ubashe gukomera no kuramba.
Iyo nta bushake, urukundo mufitanye igipimo rwaba rururiho cyose, umubano wanyu ntushobora kurenga umutaru.
3.Kubabarira
Nta muntu n’umwe udakosa, kubabarira rero ni kimwe mu bintu bikenewe atari hagati y’abakundana gusa ahubwo no mu buzima bwa buri munsi bw’abantu.
Niba koko ukeneye kubaka umubano ukomeye hagati yawe n’uwo ukunda, ukwiye kumenya gutanga imbabazi kuko urukundo nyarwo rurangwa no kubabarira.
Wowe n’umukunzi wawe niba mutajya mubabarirana mumenye ko nta mahirwe na make mufite yo kubana akaramata nk’uko mubyifuza.
4.Gusaba imbabazi no gushima
Burya kubabarira ni ngombwa, ariko nanone biragora gutanga imbabazi mu gihe uwakosheje atiteguye kuba yazisaba.
Abakundana bakwiye kwiga gusabana imbabazi igihe habayeho gukosa, kuko ibi bizabarinda kuba ikibazo bagiranye kigera ku rwego batakibashije kugikemura.
Ikindi kintu cy’ingenzi kijyana no gusaba imbabazi no kubabarira ni ukumenya gushima igihe hari icyiza ukorewe n’umukunzi wawe, kuko bituma yumva hari agaciro afite bigatuma arushaho guharanira kugukorera ibigushimisha.
5.Kwihanganira no kumva umukunzi wawe
Kwihangana na byo birakenewe cyane mu mibanire y’abakundana, kuko burya umukunzi wawe si umutagatifu ku buryo uzanyurwa n’ibikorwa bye byose.
Ugomba kwiga kwihanganira amakosa n’imyitwarire itari myiza iranga umukunzi wawe kuko uretse kuba bizatuma urukundo n’umubano wanyu birushaho gukomera, nawe ubwe bizamufasha guhinduka ku buryo bworoshye.
Ikindi kintu gikenewe hagati y’abakundana ni ugutega amatwi no kumva umukunzi wawe, kuko aho byabuze usanga bahora mu ntonganya zidashira. Ni benshi batandukana atari uko badakundana ahubwo aruko ubwumvikane hagati yabo bwabuze.
6.Guhana amakuru no gufatanya muri byose
Nibyo koko murakundana kandi by’ukuri ariko burya ibyo byonyine ntibyatuma murambana nkuko mu byifuza.
Nyuma y’urukundo mugomba guhana amakuru no kubwirana byose, kuko iyo iki kibuze na bimwe byavuzwe mbere bigenda bikendera.
Ntukwiye kwicara ngo utekereze ko umukunzi wawe azamenya icyo utekereza kitagenda neza cyangwa wifuza kandi utakimugejejeho, iga kumubwira ibikurimo byaba ibyo wifuza, ibitagenda neza cyangwa se ibindi byose ubona ko akwiye kumenya.
Ikindi kandi nk’abantu bakundana kandi bifuza kurambana mukwiye gufatanya muri byose, ibibazo n’ibihe bikomeye mukabibanano ntihagire utererana undi. Ni byo koko murakundana, ariko niba utekereza ko bihagije uribeshya kuko urukundo ari nk’urubuto rutewe mu butaka.
Iyo urubuto uruteye ntirubone izuba cyangwa amazi rukeneye ngo ruzamuke rukure neza rurapfapfana, cyo kimwe n’urukundo iyo ruhawe ibikenewe byose rurakura, ariko iyo bibuze ntawe umenya irengero ryarwo.


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Nyakubahwa Grégoire Kayibanda ni muntu ki ?
Grégoire Kayibanda ni mwene Léonidas Rwamanywa na Caroline Nyirambeba. Yavukiye Tare, muri Commune Musambira Prefecture ya Gitarama mu majyepfo y’ u Rwanda kuwa 01 Gicurasi 1924. Amashuri abanza yayize i Tare (1932-1934) kandi ayakomereza Kabgayi (1934-1937). Naho ayisumbuye ayiga mu iseminari nto Saint Léon i Kabgayi (1934-1943). Kuwa 28 Ukuboza 1944 Kayibanda yinjiye mu Iseminari nkuru ya Nyakibanda, kugeza yiyemeje kuyivamo kuwa 15 novembre 1948, kandi agahagarika n’ibyigipadiri ahubwo akerekeza muby’ubwarimu. Yashakanye na Kayibanda Verdianne. Kuwa 20 Mutarama 1949 atangira umwuga w’ubwarimu muri « Institut Léon Classe » kugeza mu 1952. Ibyo kandi akabifatanyaga n’ubuzima busanzwe bwa buri munsi mu gukemura ibibazo binyuranye byari byugarije rubanda rugufi aho atuye. [Paternostre de la Mairieu (1994) 75].
Mu 1953 Kayibanda yoherejwe gukora i Kabgayi muri serivise yo gutegura no kunonosora infashanyigisho zijyanye n’igihe mu biro by’ubugenzuzi bw’amashuri. Guhera muri Kamena muri uwo mwaka kugeza m’Ukuboza 1954 Kayibanda yabaye umwanditsi w’ikinyamakuru « l’AMI».Kayibanda yifashishije itangazamakuru rero, yakomeje guhindura imitekerereze ya rubanda kandi ahindura n’imwe mumikorere y’ubutegetsi itari ihwitse muri icyo gihe. Urugero twatanga ni uko mu gihe itegeko ryabuzaga kwishyira hamwe cyane cyane mubikorwa bya politiki, Kayibanda we yasabaga ko uburenganzira bwo kwishyira hamwe mu m’Asosiyasiyo na Koperative bwahabwa rubanda kandi mu buryo butagabanuweho na gato. [Kayibanda Grégoire, “Notre rôle dans la cité” dans L’ami, n°114, janv.1954 nkuko byandukuwe na Paternostre de la Mairieu].
Ibyo byagize ingaruka nziza cyane mu mitekerereze n’imikorere ya politili. Amashyirahamwe menshi yaravutse kugera ku rwego rwo kuba Amashyaka ya Polilitiki. Hagati aho rero guhera Mu 1955 nibwo Kayibanda yavuye mu bugenzuzi bw’amashuri maze aba : President wa komite ncunga mikorere ya Trafipro (Travail, Fidélité, Progrès), umwanditsi mukuru wa Kinyamateka, yabaye kandi umunyamabanga wihariye wa «Monseigneur Perraudin », ndetse aba n’umwe mu bagize inama ngishwanama yaChefferie ya Marangara. Iyo myanya niyo yafashije cyane cyane Grégoire Kayibanda kumenyekanisha ibitecyerezo bye byiza. Kayibanda aha yari yaramaze kwiyunvamo umuhamagaro wo kuba umucunguzi wa rubanda rugufi nk’uko intego ye yabivugaga : Libertatem filiorum Dei : Tubohore Abana b’Imana.
Uwo muhamagaro kandi ugaragazwa n’amagambo basanze mu ikaye ye (carnet de notes), agira ati : « Mu gihugu aho rubanda ikorerwa ivangura rigaragara kandi ryizweho neza….nsanga kwibanda ku kintu kimwe gusa ntacyo byaba bimaze, ahubwo bidatinze nazasanga nange ntacyo ndicyo…mpisemo rero gukangura igihugu cyanjye kumenya ubushobozi kifitemo…maze nkabafasha kuvumbura ibyo ababakikije bakeneye, nkabasunikira kandi nkabingingira gutanga umusanzu wabo…ntekereza ko ariwo muhamagaro wange mu gihugu kikishakisha, kandi kikireba aho gikwiye guhagurukira hakwiye kandi vuba ». (Paternostre de la Mairieu 1994]. Murunva ko Kayibanda rero yabaye nkurahiye ko agiye gutanga ubuzima bwe bwose mu gufasha rubanda kwibohora.
Kayibanda arongera ati : « Chefu (président du Conseil de chefferie) anfata nk’umuntu warwanya ubutegetsi kandi bigaragara ko hari ukuntu antinya . Yamenyereye kwigirizaho nkana aba sushefu be, ariko njye sinemera amahame ye yose! Intekerezo zanjye zuzuyemo akarengane abantu banjye bagirirwa, kandi sinakwihanganira na gato ubutegetsi butakijyanye n’igihe kandi budashoboye.» Nasomye aya magambo anyibutsa ay’umukambwe Nelson Mandera, wavugaga ko iminyururu iri ku bantu be (abirabura) nawe iba imuriho, ko nta kindi yakora uretse kuyibabohora…kandi ko ari gahunda ndende yiyemeje kugeza ayisohoje cyangwa se kugeza abizize biramutse bibaye ngombwa.
Hari taliki ya 19 Nzeri 1962, Perezida J kennedy wa USa yakira Perezida Grégoire Kayibanda nyuma y’ubwigenge bw’u Rwanda.
Nk’uko bigaragara, Kayibanda yari umugabo utarebera akarengane ngo yituramire, cyangwa ngo yihutire gukemuraibibazo yifashishije inzira ihutaza, cyangwa se, isesa amaraso. Kayibanda yahangayikishijwe cyane n’ikibazo cya rubanda rugufi rwari rwiganjemo abo mu bwoko bw’Abahutu. Abo bari barambuwe uburenganzira bwose bw’ikiremwamuntu, ahubwo bagafatwa nk’ibikoresho. Umuhutu, ntaburenganzira ku mutungo, ku mutekano no kwishyira ukizana yagiraga,emwe no kubaho kwe byabaga ari impuhwe yagiriwe. Kwaka rero no guharanira uburenganzira mbonezamubano n’ubwa politiki n’ubundi bushamikiyeho, murunva ko byo byari inzozi.
Nyamara intwari Kayibanda yakomeje kwitegereza ako karengane kakorerwaga Abahutu kuva aho ubutegetsi bwabo bw’Abahinza butsindiwe n’ingoma nyiginya z’Abatutsi mu gisekuruza cya 15, asanga ataceceka. Nibwo kuwa 24 Werurwe 1957 Kayibanda yegereye bagenzi be aribo: Maximilien Niyonzima, Claver Ndahayo, Isidore Nzeyimana, Calliope Mulindahabi, Godefroid Sentama, Sylvestre Munyambonera, Joseph Sibomana na Joseph Habyarimana ariwe Gitera, maze basinya kandi batangaza kumugaragaro inyandiko bise « Note sur l’aspect social du problème racial indigène au Rwanda ». Iyo nyandiko yari igenewe Umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa hamwe n’abategetsi b’Ababirigi bakolonizaga u Rwanda. Iyo nyandiko yasobanuraga akarengane gakorerwaga rubanda rugufi ndetse n’inzira ako karengane kakemurwamo. Yasabaga by’umwihariko ko ibyiza by’igihugu bikwiye gusaranganywantavangura iryo ariryo ryose rishingiweho mu bana b’ u Rwanda. Iyi nyandiko rero yamenyekanye mu itangazamakuru nka Manifesite y’Abahutu, niyo yabaye intangiriro y’urugamba rw’Umuhutu mukwibohora ingoma ya cyami.
Kayibanda hagati aho, abifashijwemo na «Monseigneur Perraudin », kuwa 09 Nzeri 1957 yoherejwe mu mahugurwa ajyanye n’iby’itangazamakuru mu bwanditsi bw’ ikinyamakuru « Journal Vers l’avenir » cyandikirwaga mu Bubirigi. Kayibanda yagarutse kuwa 08 Ugushyingo 1958, maze ahita akomereza imirimo ye muri Kinyamateka guhera tariki ya 25 Ugushyingo 1958. [Linden (1999) 325].
Twibutse ko muri Kamena 1957, mbere y’amezi 3 ngo Kayibanda ajye i Burayi, muri ya mahugurwa twavuze, yasize ashinze « Mouvement Social Muhutu» yashingiye programu yayo kuri ya Manifeste y’Abahutu. Hagati aho,Umwami Rudahigwa yaje gutanga kuwa 25 Nyakanga 1959, ikibazo kitarakemuka maze asimburwa na murumuna we wahawe izina rya Kigeli V Ndahindurwa kuwa 28 Nyakanga muri uwo mwaka. Impirimbanyi za Demokarasi zibwiraga ko nibura Ndahindurwa azanye amatwara mashya, niko kumwibutsa ubutumwa bwo guhindura ibintu mu nzira y’amahoro bwari bwarashyikirijwe mukuru we.
Nuko mu ibaruwa bashyikirije Umwami Ndahindurwa ubwe ,kuwa 07 Kanama 1959, bongera gusobanura akarengane k’abahutu ndetse berekana n’ibintu bikwiye guhinduka vuba na bwangu mu mitegekere y’igihugu. Mur’ibyo harimo: kwemera ko umuhutu agomba kugira uruhare mu mitegekere y’igihugu cye, gusaranganya ibyiza by’igihugu no gukuraho abategeka bose batabanye neza rubanda. Iyibaruwa yagaragaje rero urukundo intwali za Demokarsi zakundaga rubanda, yagaragaje kandi ukuri n’ubutwalibidashidikanywaho, aba bagabo bari bafite. Muri iyo baruwa baragira bati : «Ibyo duharanira ntitwabihejeje mu rwihisho twabyanditse mubyo amagazeti yise Manifeste y’Abahutu, twabibwiye umwami, twabibwiye Leta, twabwiye intumwa z’Ububirigi, ntitubihisha cyangwa ngo tubishyigikize inzangano no gusebanya. Duhinyura icyo tutabonamo amajyambere rusange y’Abanyarwanda bose tukavuga icyo twifuza ». Iyo baruwa nayo yashyizweho umukono n’abayobozi ba ya Mouvement twavuze haruguru yaharaniraga uburenganzira bw’Umuhutu, aribo : KAYIBANDA Grégoire (Président Général), NIYONZIMA Maximilien (V/P Général), MURINDAHABI Calliope (Secrétaire général), SIBOMANA Joseph(Trésorier Général).
Reba:http://www.mdrwi.org/rapports%20et%20doc/documents/revolisio%2059/requete%20au%20mwami%20ndahindurwa.pdf
Kayibanda wari ukubutse Iburayi, yaritegereje abona ko ibintu bigeze iwandabaga kandi hakenewe impinduka mu Rwanda. Maze kuwa 19 Ukwakira 1959 ashingaga IshyakaPARMEHUTU (Le Parti du Mouvement de l’Emancipation Hutu). Iri shyaka naryo rikaba ryariyuburuye muri ya«Mouvement social Muhutu ». PARMEHUTU yaje guhindura izina, yitwa MDR « Mouvement Démocratique Républicain »kandi yiyemeza kwigobotora ingoma ya cyami n’iya gikoronize maze hakajyaho ubuyobozi bushingiye kuri Demokarasi na Repubulika mu Rwanda. [Paternostre de la Mairieu (1994) 158].
Muri aya mahindura y’imitegekere, Umwami mushya Kigeli V Ndahindurwa yagaragaje ko ingengabitekerezo ya cyami idahinduka kandi ko agikeneye abahutu ho abagaragu, gusa yibagirwa ikintu kimwe ko « nta wahagarika rubanda yahagurukiye gukora revolusiyo ». Ibi tuzabigarukaho tuvuga iby’uko Revolisiyo yatangiye n’uko yagenze(1/11/1959- 01/7/1962).
Revolisiyo yarangiye Rubanda yerekanye imbaraga yifitemo. Reka twiyibutse aya mataliki y’ingenzi cyane :
*Kuwa 26 ukwakira 1960 habayeho amatora adafifitse yarangiye ashyizeho inteko na Leta by’agateganyo. Nyakubahwa Gregoire Kayibanda aba Ministre w’intebe naho Habyarimana Joseph Gitera ayobora Inteko.
*Ku wa 28 Mutarama 1961 i Gitarama habaye Kongere idasanzwe, ikuraho ingoma ya cyami( monarchie), ica Karinga n’izayo zose, itangiza ubutegetsi bushingiye kuri Repubulika : uwo munsi Nyakubahwa Dominiko Mbonyumutwa yatorewe kuba Perezida wa mbere.
*Ku wa 25 Nzeri 1961 habayeho amatora rusange yiswe Kamarampaka : rubanda ihamya bidasubirwaho ko yanze ubutegetsi butunzwe (ubwami) na Kigali , ko ishaka rwose ubutegetsi bushingiye kuri rubanda : nyuma y’ukwegura ka Mobnyumutwa , Geregori Kayibanda yatorewe kuba Perezida wa Repubulika, ashyiraho Leta yagejeje u rwanda ku bwigenge taliki ya 1/7/1962.
Nyakubahwa Grégoire Kayibanda wari wabaye Président wa Repubulika ya mbere, yongeye gutorerwa manda ya 2 mu 1965, na manda ya 3 ari nayo ya nyuma mu 1969.[Reyntjens (1985) 408].
Nyamara ariko ngo ntawe uneza rubanda kandi ngoubutegetsi buraryoha ! Nyakubahwa Grégoire Kayibanda waharaniye uburenganzira bwa Rubanda nk’uko intwari Nelson Mandela yaharaniye uburenganzira bw’Abirabura bari baratsikamiwe n’abazungu muri Afurika y’Epfo, yaje gukurwa mu mirimo ye kuwa 05 Nyakanga 1973 na kudeta yitiriwe Juvénal Habyarimana n’inshuti ze. Maze Nyakubahwa Grégoire Kayibanda bamugenera igihano cy’urupfu kuwa 26 Kamena 1974. [L’arrêté N° 0001/ 74/ CM de la cour martiale le 29 juin 1974]. Icyo gihano cyaje guhindurwamo gufungwa burundu maze Kayibanda avanwa muri Izari Rwerere aho yari yafungiwe, afungirwa iwe mu rugo i Kavumu ho muri Gitarama kuwa 11 Nzeri 1974, aho yatabarukiye nk’intwari Mahatma Gandhi, kuwa 15 Ukuboza 1976. [Pierre-Célestin Kabanda (2012) 292-294].
Harakabaho intwali za Repubulika.
Umutaripfana Venant Nkurunziza.


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Bamwe mu rubyiruko rwo mu karere ka Rutsiro bavuga ko bugarijwe n’uruhuri rw’ ibibazo. ni mu gihe Ubuyobozi bw’Akarere buvuga ko uru rubyiruko rufite amahirwe amagana arukikije kandi bagiye kwegerwa bagafashwa.
Urubyiruko rwaganiriye na Rwandanews24 rwagaragaje ko rwugarijwe n’Ibibazo birimo Ubushomeri bukabije, Ikibazo cy’abana bata ishuri, urubyiruko rwabaswe n’ibiyobyabwenge ndetse n’uruvuye kugororerwa mu kigo ngororamuco cya Iwawa rutabasha kwitabwaho rukabisubiraho ndetse uru rubyiruko rwagaragaje ko rwugarijwe n’ikibazo cy’inda zitifuzwa ziterwa abangavu.
Urubyiruko rwo mu mirenge iherereye ku mukandara w’Ikiyaga cya Kivu ruvuga ko rubabazwa ni umubare munini w’abana bata ishuri bakajya gukoreshwa mu mirimo y’Uburobyi, ndetse hatibagiranye ko iyo mirenge ari nayo irangwamo umubare munini w’Abangavu basambanyijwe bakanaterwa inda.
Mu mirenge ya Murunda, Mukura, Manihira na Rusebeya urubyiruko rwaho rwo ruvuga ko kubera ubushomeri bukabije rwijanditse mu bucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro butemewe bunatwara ubuzima bw’abatari bake, rukavuga ko ruramutse rubumbiwe mu makoperative rugashakirwa icyo gukora rwakwiteza imbere.
Ni mugihe Imirenge ya Nyabirasi, Ruhango na Gihango urubyiruko rwaho ruvuga ko urwinshi muri rwo rwabaye imbata y’Ibiyobyabwenge, kubera kubura icyo rukora ngo rugihugiremo rushaka amafaranga kandi urwinshi rwaranasoje amashuri.
Murekatete Triphose, Umuyobozi w’Akarere ka Rutsiro avuga ko uru rubyiruko n’ubwo ruvuga ko rwugarijwe n’uruhuri rw’ibibazo rwagakwiriye no kumenya ko rukikijwe ni amahirwe amagana, ndetse ko nk’ubuyobozi bagiye kubafasha bakagera kuri ayo mahirwe abakikije.
Ati “Urubyiruko rufite amahirwe menshi arukikije, harimo nk’Agakiriro bagakwiriye kuba bari gukoreramo, ndetse hari n’ikigo cy’igisha imyuga n’ubumenyi ngiro twamaze kuvugana igiye gutangira kubigisha haba abasore b’abashomeri ndetse ni Abangavu batewe inda zidateganyijwe ndetse biri muri gahunda za vuba.”
Ibibazo by’urububyiruko birazwi muri rusange ariyo mpamvu urwo rubyiruko ruzajya ruhitamo kwiga bitewe ni ibyo biyumvamo (Ubudozi, gusudira, ubwubatsi n’ibindi…)
Ku kibazo cy’Abana bataye ishuri batarageza ku myaka y’ubukure n’ubuzererezi Murekatete Triphose avuga ko barimo gukora ubukangurambaga bugamije kubasubiza ku ishuri hatavuyemo n’Umwe, ndetse ko ubukangurambaga bwagahereye mu miryango kuko usanga akenshi bikomoka ku makimbirane yo mu ngo kuburyo niyo umwana yasubizwa ku ishuri mu muryango bitakemutse ntacyo byatanga.
Rwandanews24 hari amakuru ifite y’uko bamwe mu rubyiruko rwavuye Kugororerwa Iwawa rwo mu murenge wa Kivumu rwahawe Kareremba zororerwamo amafi ngo rubashe kwiteza imbere.
Ni mu gihe ku kibazo cy’urubyiruko rwabaye imbata y’ibiyobyabwenge ni Urubyiruko rwagororewe Iwawa, Murekatete avuga ko abana bava Iwawa barize imyuga ariko bagera mu miryango bagasanga hakiri amakimbirane bigatuma umwana asubira ku biyobyabwenge, ibi bibazo asanga bizakemuka ari uko bagiye bashakirwa ibyo gukora ndetse n’imiryango ikaganirizwa.
Hirya no hino mu Rwanda abaturage by’umwihariko urubyiruko bagaragaza ko kubura imirimo n’ubushomeri bituma kuri ubu babayeho mu buzima bubagoye bikaba byaratijwe umurindi n’ ingaruka za Covid 19 kuko byatumye abantu batandukanye batakaza akazi bakaba nta n’icyizere bafite cyo kubona akazi; hakaba ari bamwe mu rubyiruko rudafite akazi bavuga ko hari n’igihe biba intandaro yo kwishora mu ngeso mbi.
MIFOTRA mu ntangiriro z’uyu mwaka yagaragazaga ko igipimo cy’ubushomeri mu Rwanda muri 2017 cyari ku kigero cya 17.8%, 2018 kiramanuka kijya kuri 15.1%, 2019 kigera kuri 15.2%, na ho muri 2020 kigera kuri 16%.
Mu rubyiruko kuva muri 2017 igipimo cyari 21.3%, na ho muri 2020 kigera kuri 20.6%. Ni mu gihe kandi ubushomeri mu bantu barangije amashuri kaminuza muri 2017 cyari kuri 16.8%, muri 2020 kigera kuri 15.9%.


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Inteko z'abaturage zo mu migi ntizikora nk'izo mu cyaro
Ubuzima bwo mu migi no mu cyaro buratangukanye, akaba ari bwo butanga ireme ku nteko z’abaturage. Mu migi, abantu bakora imirimo itari iyu buhinzi, kandi bagataha byije, naho mu cyaro, abaturage bose baba bakora imirimo imwe kandi irangirira ku masaha runaka. Nicyo gituma abatuye mu cyaro baboneka ku bwinshi mu nteko z’abayurage kurusha abatuye mu migi.
Umutoni Denyse umwe mu baturage bo mu karere ka Kirehe, mu ntara y’Iburasirazuba, yitabiriye inteko y’abaturage yo ku wa kabiri tariki ya 09/0/2022, aho itangazamakuru naryo ryari ryiyitabiriye. Ni abanymakuru bagize Umuryango nyarwanda Uharanira Amahoro (PAX PRESS). Yasonaburiye imbaga y’abaturage bari bitabiriye iyo nteko, ko, ubuzima bwo mu mujyi butandukanye n’ubwo mu cyaro, akaba ariyo mpamvu inteko zo mu mirenge y’icyaro zifite ireme, kandi zitabirwa n’abaturage benshi kurusha izo mu muji, ati “Abaturiye icyaro, bose bakora imirimo imwe, ijyanye n’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi. Akazi kabo karangira amasaha amwe, kandi baba baturiye umudugudu umwe. Ibi, bituma babonekera icyarimwe mu nteko z’abaturage, bagakemura ibibazo byabo neza. Naho ababa mu migi, bo bakora imirimo itandukanye, kandi bagakorera kure y’iwabo. Niyo mpamvu baba bake mu nteko z’abaturage kuko benshi baba bakiri mu nzira bataha. Mu nteko z’abaturage mu migi, abitabira baba ari bake”.
Iki gitekerezo cya Umutoni Denyse, gisangiwe n’abaturage ba gatore, cyane cyane abaturiye udu santere, aho hinganje amaduka n’amasoko n’ibindi bikorwa biranga umujyi. Nkeshakuramba umugabo w’imyaka 45, agaragaza ko abaturage bo mu midugudu ifite iterambere ry’ibikorwa remezo, aho abaturage bakora imirimo itari iyi buhinzi n’ubwororozi, kandi bari mu cyaro, nabo ntibitabira inteko z’abaturage, ati “Ntureba nkahariya i Nyakarambi? Abacuruzi n’abahakorera indi mirimo itari iyubuhinzi, ntibapfa kuboneka bashishikaye mu nteko z’abaturage, keretse iyo ari bo bafite ikibazo cyo gukemura. Nabo bameze nka b’i Kigari, bibagora no kwitabira umunsi w’umuganda”
Abaturage mu nteko ya Gatore bagaragaje yuko inteko ari urwego rubafasha kumenya amakuru ya Leta ajyanye n’iterambere, ariko ko ari n’urwego rwo kuganiriramo ibibazo bafite by’umwihariko ndetse no gukemeura amakimbirane ashobora kuba ari hagati y’abaturanyi.
Mu mugi wa Kigali, aho baturage batunzwe n’imirimo itandukanye itari iyubuhinzi cyangwa ubworozi, inteko zaho ziteraniramo abantu bake. Ni uko Kamanzi Bernard utuye mu murenge wa Rwezamenyo mu karere ka Nyarugenge abivuga; ati “Reba akakozi ba Leta batangira akazi saa moya bagasoza saa kumi n’imwe, batega imodoka zibacyura. Ese urasanga babona umwanya wo kujya mu nteko z’abaturage ziba buri kuwa kabiri w’icyumweru? N’abacuruzi ni uko: bazindukira mu mirimo yabo, bagataha bwije cyane. Aba nabo nti babnoneka mu nteko z’abaturage, keretse iyo bafite icyo bashaka gukemura bisunze ubuyobozi”.
Habitegeko Philibert nawe ukora tagisi ya moto muri Nyarugenge, asanga abamotari batitabira inteko z’abaturage kuko bahora mu kazi kadashira, ati “Inteko z’abaturage mbona zikora neza iyo arizo mu cyaro, kuko abaturage baba bengeranye kandi bakora imirimo imwe. Niyo mpamvu bitabira gahunda y’inteko z’abaturage”. Akomeza yerekana ko ndetse nigihe cy’umuganda, mu migi batitabira nkuko mu cyaro bitabira umuganda. Yerekanye ko n’igihe cy’amatora, mu migi ubwitabire buba buri hasi, ukurikije ubwo mu cyaro.
NIZEYIMANA Elias


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Mu rwego rwo kongerera agaciro umugore Komisiyo y’Ubutabera n’Amahoro y’Arikidiyoseze ya Kigali (CDJP) yafashije abagore bo mu karere ka Bugesera kwivana mu bukene bituma bahabwa agaciro mu ngo zabo no mu muryango nyarwanda.
Komisiyo y’Ubutabera n’Amahoro y’Arikidiyosezi ya Kigali (CDJP) ibicishije mu mushinga UKAM uterwa inkunga na SCIAF watangiye kuva mu kwezi kwa 10/2019 kugeza 2022 ukorera mu midugudu ya Kibaya, Kimiduha, Heru mu kagali ka Nyakayenzi, imidugudu ya Kagano, Kamugore na Runyoza mu kagali ka Rutonde Umurenge wa Ngeruka yafashije abagore kumenya gukora imishinga iciriritse ibyara inyungu no guteza imbere abahinzi bato baciriritse.
Abagore bahuguwe kandi bimwe mu bikorwa bibateza imbere birimo ubuhinzi, ubworozi, ihame ry’uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye, imirimo iciriritse ibyara inyungu, guhangana n’ingaruka zikomoka kumihindagurikire y’ikirere.
Ni gute umugore ahagaze muri ibyo bikorwa?
Umugore uko ahagaze nyuma yo gufashwa muri gahunda zitandukanye zavuzwe haruguru babanje guhindura imyumvire bibafasha kugera ku bintu bimwe na bimwe bibateza imbere.
Bimwe muri byo bamenye gukora ubuhinzi buvuguruye, ubworozi bwa kijyambere, bamenye ihame ry’uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye icyo aricyo mu muryango, bamenya gukora imirimo iciriritse ibyara inyungu, gukumira no guhangana n’ingaruka zikomoka kumihindagurikire y’ikirere.
Gufasha uyu mugore kwiteza imbere rero, byagiye bituma agarura agaciro mu maso y’umugabo ndetse n’umuryango muri rusange nawe ubwe bituma yigirira icyizere.
Abagore ntibanahejwe kujya mu nzego z’ubuyobozi kuko kwiteza imbere byabasubije ijambo mu bandi, baritinyuka, kandi baratinyuka.
Umuhuzabikorwa wa Komisiyo y’Ubutabera n’Amahoro y’Arikidiyosezi ya Kigali Kaligirwa Annonciata mu mahugurwa yamuhuje n’abagenerwabikorwa b’umushinga UKAM ukorera mu karere ka Bugesera tariki ya 11/11/2020 barebeye hamwe ibyo umugore amaze kugeraho ndetse n’uburyo hakemuka bimwe mu bibazo bimudindiza mu iterambere.
Ibibazo byinshi bigaragara mu ngo usanga bifite aho bihuriye n’ubukene bugaragara cyane ku mugore. Ubwo bukene bugatuma ubuzima bwe bwose asa naho abuteze ku mugabo noneho yamusaba byose akeneye, bigatuma umugabo amwinuba cg se akamufata nkaho ntacyo amaze mu rugo.
Ibi biri mu bituma, mu ngo zabo zirangwamo amakimbirane, umugore uri mu bukene afatwa nk’ikintu aho gufatwa nk’umuntu.
N’ubwo hari ingero nyinshi zerekana ko umugore yahawe ijambo, ariko haracyaragara icyuho kinini mu miryango imwe n’imwe mu Rwanda aho umugore atarasobanukirwa ibijyanye n’uburenganzira bwe ndetse ugasanga n’umuco waho avuka ubigiramo uruhare.
Ibi bikorwa Komisiyo y’Ubutabera n’Amahoro ya Arikidiyosezi ya Kigali yagiye ikorera umugore ibifatanyaga n’abaterankunga batandukanye hagamijwe kunoza imibereho myiza y’abatutage cyane cyane abababaye kurusha abandi.


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Ibidukikije
Uko Inyamaswa Zo Muri Pariki Y’Akagera Zibayeho Muri Iki Gihe
Mu gihe ibice byinshi by’Intara y’i Burasirazuba bwugarijwe ingaruka zizaterwa n’izuba ryinshi mu gihe kiri imbere, Taarifa yamenye ko inyamaswa zo muri Pariki y’Akagera zo zizabaho neza ugeranyije n’uko byigeze kugenda mu mwaka wa 2000.
Abaduhaye amakuru bakora muri iriya Pariki bavuga ko ubusanzwe inyamaswa zizi kwishakira uko zibaho bitewe n’uko ikirere kifashe.
Ubu buryo abahanga babwita natural adaptation.
Iyo ari mu bihe by’imvura inyamaswa zikunda kuva mu bishanga zikajya ahantu hirengeye, aho ibinono cyangwa amajanja yazo aba agomba kumuka kandi zigafata akayaga kaba gaturuka ahirengeye.
Kubera ko igice nini cy’Amajyepfo ya Pariki y’Akagera mu bihe by’imvura kiba gitose biba ngombwa ko inyamaswa zishaka ahantu humutse cyane cyane mu gice cyayo cy’Amajyaruguru zikajya kota akazuba no kumutsa ibinono, amajanja n’inda z’ibikururanda zikumuka.
Ziba zariye zijuse ariko zibangamiwe n’ubuhehere bwinshi buterwa n’imvura ya hato na hato.
Ku rundi ruhande, iyo izuba rivuye ari ryinshi nk’uko biteganyijwe kuzagenda mu gihe kiri imbere, inyamaswa zishakamo ibisubizo.
Inyamaswa bita inyamigeri( ni ukuvuga izirisha) zimenya ko amazi atakiri ya yandi imibiri yazo ikishakamo uburyo bwo kurondereza amazi.
Urugero twatanga ni inzovu. Mu gihe pariki iba ifite amazi ahagije, inzovu inywa litiro 200 ku munsi.
Iyo amazi agabanutse kubera impeshyi, umubiri w’inzovu urondereza amazi k’uburyo ishobora kumara iminsi itatu itanywa.
Umutonzi w’inzovu kandi uyifasha kureha, ikamenya ahari amazi igakora kuri zigenzi zayo zikaboneza zikajya kuyanywa.
Indyanyama nazo zimenya uko zibika amazi mu mibiri yazo.
Tugarutse ku nyamaswa ziba muri Pariki y’Akagera, twavuga ko zifite amahirwe bitewe n’uko iriya pariki iteye.
Ni pariki iva mu Majyaruguru igakura igana mu Majyepfo y’ubuso bwayo, igice gifite urufunzo n’amazi menshi.
Ni igice gikize ku mazi k’uburyo kirimo ibiyaga birega 10.
Ingero ni nk’ikiyaga cy’Ihema, Rwanyakizinga n’ibindi.
N’ubwo mu gihe cy’impeshyi inyamaswa zibura ubwatsi butoshye ariko zipfa kurisha ubwumye zarangiza ‘zikarenzaho amazi.’
Ni tekiniki isanzwe kuko n’aborozi bazi ko hari igihe biba ngombwa ko bumisha ubwatsi bakazabugaburira amatungo mu gihe ubwatsi butoshye buzaba bwabuze.
Iyo inyamaswa z’inyamigeri zibonye ubwatsi zirisha n’amazi yo kunywa, ubwo n’indyanyama cyangwa inyamajanja nazo zibyungukiramo kuko zibona izo zirya.
Muri Pariki y’Akagera ubuzima bwubatse k’uburyo inyungu y’ikinyabuzima kimwe iba ari n’inyungu y’ikindi.
No ku gihombo ariko nicyo bivuze!
Amakuru twakuye ahantu hizewe avuga ko kugeza ubu iriya Pariki ituwe n’inyamazwa zirenga 12,152.
Iyi ni imibare igenekereje kuko kubarura inyamaswa ni akandi kazi.
Bitandukanye no kubarura abantu kuko bo muhana gahunda y’aho uri bubasange.
N’ubwo twavuze ko iriya Pariki isa n’igabanyijemo ibice bibiri, ariko mu by’ukuri nta gice wavuga ko cyahariwe inyamaswa runaka gusa.
Zose mu burenganzira busesuye zijya kandi zikava aho zishaka.
Nicyo bita ‘kwishyira ukizana.’
Hari zimwe zikunda kwibera mu bice runaka urugero nk’inyamigeri bita ‘inyemera’ ariko hari n’izindi zitembera aho zishatse hose.
Inzovu ni urugero rwiza kuri zo.
Ku byerekeye ingingo y’uko zizicwa n’inzara cyangwa inyota mu mpeshyi izaza, haracyari kare kwemeza ko ari ko bizagenda ijana ku ijana kuko ikirere kigira ayacyo.
Hari umwaka wigeze kuba mubi ku nyamaswa zo muri Pariki by’umwihariko!
Uwo mwaka ni 2000.
Uyu mwaka inyamaswa zo muri kiriya cyanya zarashonje ziragandara pe!
Inzara zahuye nayo yarambutse igera no mu Banyarwanda muri rusange kubera amapfa yari hirya no hino mu Rwanda.
Iyi nkuru yabarwa n’abari batuye mu Bugesera bwa kiriya gihe.
Icyo buri musomyi wa Taarifa agomba kuzirikana ni uko nta rutwitsi wemewe mu Rwanda.
Kera hari inyandiko yasohokaga muri kimwe mu binyamakuru byo mu Rwanda yagira iti: “ Ba Rutwitsi Muramenye!”
Abaturiye Pariki y’Akagera barasabwa kwirinda gutwika kuko inkongi itazi imbibi bigabanya Pariki.
Nibafatanye n’abashinzwe kuyirinda, bakumire ba rutwitsi bityo ibinyabuzima biba muri pariki y’Akagera bitekane.


text:
IGICE CYA 8
Imana ni yo isumba byose
NZI neza ko wemera ko atari twe dusumba byose. None se, waba uzi usumba byose?— Usumba byose ni Yehova Imana. Naho Umwana we se, ari we Umwigisha Ukomeye? Mbese, na we yaba aturuta?— Ni byo rwose, araturuta.
Mbere y’uko Yesu aza hano ku isi, yabanaga n’Imana mu ijuru. Yari ikiremwa cyo mu buryo bw’umwuka, cyangwa se umumarayika. None se, hari abandi bamarayika cyangwa se ibindi biremwa byo mu buryo bw’umwuka Imana yaba yararemye?— Yee, Imana yaremye abandi bamarayika benshi cyane. Abo bamarayika na bo baraturuta kandi baturusha imbaraga.—Zaburi 104:4; Daniyeli 7:10.
Waba wibuka izina rya wa mumarayika wavuganye na Mariya?— Yitwa Gaburiyeli. Yabwiye Mariya ko umwana yari kuzabyara yari kuba ari Umwana w’Imana. Kugira ngo Yesu avuke ari agahinja hano ku isi, Imana yashyize ubuzima bw’uwo Mwana we wo mu buryo bw’umwuka mu nda ya Mariya.—Luka 1:26, 27.
Mbese, wemera ko icyo gitangaza cyabayeho koko? Mbese, wemera ko Yesu yabanje kubana n’Imana mu ijuru?— Yesu yivugiye ubwe ko babanje kubana. Yesu yabwiwe n’iki ibyo bintu? Igihe Yesu yari akiri muto, nta gushidikanya ko Mariya yamubwiye ibyo Gaburiyeli yari yaramubwiye. Yozefu na we agomba kuba yaramubwiye ko Imana ari yo Se nyawe.
Ndetse n’igihe Yesu yabatizwaga, Imana ubwayo yavugiye mu ijuru, iti “nguyu Umwana wanjye” (Matayo 3:17). Nanone mu ijoro ryabanjirije urupfu rwe, Yesu yasenze agira ati “unyubahishe cya cyubahiro nahoranye ndi kumwe nawe isi itararemwa” (Yohana 17:5). Icyo gihe Yesu yasabaga Imana ko yamuha gusubira mu ijuru kugira ngo bongere babane. Yashoboraga ate kuba mu ijuru?— Byari gushoboka ari uko gusa Imana yongeye kumugira ikiremwa cy’umwuka kitagaragara, ari cyo umumarayika.
Ngaho noneho, reka nkubaze akabazo k’ingenzi. Mbese, abamarayika bose ni beza? Ubitekerezaho iki?— Mu by’ukuri, hari igihe abamarayika bose bari beza. Ibyo ni ukubera ko ari Yehova wari warabaremye, kandi ibintu byose yaremye bikaba byari byiza. Icyakora, umwe muri abo bamarayika yaje kuba mubi. Byagenze bite?
Kugira ngo tubone igisubizo, tugomba kongera gutekereza igihe Imana yaremaga umugabo n’umugore ba mbere, ari bo Adamu na Eva. Hari abantu bavuga ko Adamu na Eva batigeze babaho. Icyakora, Umwigisha Ukomeye we yari azi ko babayeho.
Imana imaze kurema Adamu na Eva, yarabafashe ibashyira mu busitani bwiza, ahantu hitwaga Edeni. Yari paradizo nziza. Bashoboraga kuba baragize abana benshi, bakagira umuryango mugari kandi bakaba muri Paradizo iteka ryose. Ariko hari isomo rikomeye bagombaga kubanza kumenya. Iryo somo twamaze kurivugaho. Ngaho reka turebe niba tukiryibuka.
Yehova yabwiye Adamu na Eva ko bari bafite uburenganzira bwo kurya imbuto zose bashaka zo ku biti byo muri ubwo busitani. Ariko hari imbuto z’igiti kimwe batagombaga kurya. Imana yababwiye uko byari kuzagenda igihe cyose bari kuzaziryaho. Yarababwiye iti ‘muzapfa’ (Itangiriro 2:17; 3:3). None se, isomo Adamu na Eva bagombaga kumenya ni irihe?—
Ni isomo ryo kumvira. Kugira ngo bakomeze kubaho, bagombaga kumvira Yehova Imana! Adamu na Eva ntibagombaga gusa kubwira Yehova ko bazamwumvira. Ahubwo, hari ibyo bagombaga gukora kugira ngo bagaragaze ko bamwumvira. Iyo baza kumvira Imana, bari kuba bagaragaje ko bayikunda kandi ko bashaka ko ibabera Umutegetsi. Ni bwo bari kuzabaho iteka ryose muri Paradizo. Ariko se, iyo baza kurya ku mbuto z’icyo giti, ni iki bari kuba bagaragaje?—
Bari kuba bagaragaje ko badashimira Imana ku bw’ibintu byose yabahaye. Mbese, iyo uza kuba uhari, wari kumvira Yehova?— Adamu na Eva babanje kujya bumvira Yehova. Ariko nyuma y’aho, haje kuza ikiremwa kibaruta, gishuka Eva. Cyatumye asuzugura Yehova. Waba uzi icyo kiremwa icyo ari cyo?—
Bibiliya ivuga ko inzoka yavugishije Eva. Ariko nk’uko ubizi, inzoka ntishobora kuvuga. None se, byagenze bite kugira ngo ivuge?— Hari umumarayika watumye isa n’aho ari yo yavugaga, kandi mu by’ukuri ari uwo mumarayika wavugaga. Uwo mumarayika yari yaratangiye kujya atekereza ibintu bibi. Yashakaga ko Adamu na Eva bamusenga. Kandi yashakaga ko bajya bakora ibyo avuze. Nanone yashakaga gufata umwanya w’Imana.
Uwo mumarayika mubi yaje gushyira ibitekerezo bibi muri Eva. Yifashishije inzoka, abwira Eva ati ‘Imana yarababeshye. Nimurya imbuto za kiriya giti, nta bwo muzapfa. Ahubwo muzagira ubwenge nk’ubw’Imana.’ Mbese, iyo uza kuba Eva, wari kwemera ibyo iryo jwi ryavugaga?—
Eva yatangiye kwifuza ikintu Imana yamubujije. Yariye ku mbuto z’igiti cyari kibujijwe. Amaze kuziryaho, yahayeho na Adamu. Adamu yanze kwemera ibyo inzoka yari yavuze. Ariko icyifuzo cyo kubana na Eva cyarushije imbaraga urukundo yakundaga Imana. Bityo, na we yariye ku mbuto za cya giti.—Itangiriro 3:1-6; 1 Timoteyo 2:14.
Byagize izihe ngaruka?— Adamu na Eva ntibari bagitunganye, bityo barashaje, hanyuma baza no gupfa. Kandi kubera ko Abaroma 5:12). Bibiliya itubwira ko wa mumarayika washutse Eva yitwa Satani, naho abandi bamarayika babaye babi, bo bakitwa abadayimoni.—Yakobo 2:19; Ibyahishuwe 12:9.batari bagitunganye, babyaye abana badatunganye, bityo na bo bakajya basaza kandi bagapfa. Imana nta bwo yari yababeshye! Koko rero, kugira ngo umuntu abeho, agomba kumvira Imana (
Ubu noneho se, waba wumva impamvu umumarayika Imana yaremye ari mwiza yaje guhinduka akaba mubi?— Byatewe n’uko yatangiye gutekereza ibintu bibi. Yashakaga kuruta abandi bose. Yari azi ko Imana yabwiye Adamu na Eva ko bari kuzabyara abana, bityo yashakaga ko bose hamwe bamusenga. Satani ashaka ko abantu bose basuzugura Yehova. Ni yo mpamvu agerageza kudushyiramo ibitekerezo bibi.—Yakobo 1:13-15.
Satani avuga ko nta muntu n’umwe ukunda Yehova by’ukuri. Avuga ko wowe nanjye tudakunda Imana kandi ko mu by’ukuri tuba tudashaka gukora ibyo Imana ivuga. Yemeza ko twumvira Yehova gusa iyo nta kibazo dufite. Mbese, ibyo Satani avuga ni ukuri? Mbese, uko ni ko tumeze koko?
Umwigisha Ukomeye yavuze ko Satani ari umubeshyi! Yesu yagaragaje ko akunda Yehova by’ukuri, kubera ko yamwumviye. Kandi uzi neza ko Yesu atumviraga Imana gusa iyo yamusabaga gukora ibintu byoroshye. Yayumviraga igihe cyose, ndetse n’igihe abandi bantu babaga badashaka ko abikora. Yakomeje kumvira Yehova, ndetse yemera no gupfa. Ni yo mpamvu Imana yamuzuye, ikamuha ubuzima bw’iteka.
None se, ni nde mwanzi wacu ukomeye kurusha abandi bose?— Nta wundi utari Satani. Mbese, ushobora kumureba?— Oya! Icyo tuzi ariko ni uko aturuta kandi akaba aturusha imbaraga. Ariko se, ni nde urusha Satani imbaraga?— Ni Yehova Imana. Ni yo mpamvu tuzi neza ko Imana ishobora kuturinda.
Soma iyi mirongo igaragaza Uwo tugomba gusenga: Gutegeka 30:19, 20; Yosuwa 24:14, 15; Imigani 27:11 na Matayo 4:10.


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Malika Remili ni umutoza mpuzamahanga w’umwuga akaba n’uwashinze ikigo Likacoaching, urubuga rw’umwuga ruzobereye mu gufasha abanyamwuga n’abanyeshuri barangije mu rugendo rw’ubuzima ndetse n’intego zabo. Avuga ko gutsindwa ikizami cyo kuganira cy’akazi bibaho ariko ko igisubizo atari ukurekeraho kugikora. Malika agira ati : “Menya neza ko udasubiramo amakosa amwe nkayubushize ari nayo mpamvu ikunze kugaragara ituma abantu batsindwa iki kizami cy’akazi”.
Dore impamvu nyamukuru zitera abantu gutsindwa iki kizamini n’icyo wakora ngo utsinde nk’uko Malika abitangamo inama :
1. Kwitegura nabi
Gutegura nabi ni yo mpamvu ituma 75% by’icyo kizami bitsinda abantu kubera ko umukandida yabajijwe bimwe mu bibazo atari yiteze. Umuntu utiteguye agaragara byoroshye uko ibintu byaba bimeze kose
Dore rero ukuri kandi ibi birakurikizwa kwisi yose:
Abakoresha bakoze umukoro wabo kugirango baguhitemo bityo biteze ko nawe uzakora umukoro wawe bakabona ko batibeshye! Urebye umubare w’abantu baba bohereje ibisabwa , wagombye kubona ko ufite amahirwe kuba warabonye n’icyo kiganiro kandi ugomba gukoresha neza aya mahirwe ubitegura neza!
Ukeneye gukora iki rero?
Iyo ufite ikiganiro giteganijwe, ntugomba, kubitegura gusa, ahubwo ushake uburyo bwo kwitoza no kwitoza hamwe numuntu. Ugomba kuza kubazwa ufite igitekerezo cy’ibyo bashobora kukubaza uzi neza n’icyo utagomba kubaza, Kugirango wihe amahirwe make bishoboka yo gutsindwa ikizami cy’akazi. Ni byiza ko witoza hamwe n’umutoza wumwuga ukwiye aho bishoboka uzaguha tekinike yo kwiyamamaza wowe ubwawe no gutanga neza ibitekerezo byawe kugirango uhagarare nk’umuntu ukenewe koko.
2. Kugaragaza imyifatire mibi
Kugaragaza imyifatire mibi ni ubundi buryo bwo gukumira no kugabanya amahirwe yo kubona akazi, imwe mumpamvu 5 zingenzi zo kunanirwa ikiganiro cy’akazi
Niba ugiye kwijujuta no kunegura ibintu byose, niba ugiye kuvuga ibintu bibi kuri shobuja cyangwa sosiyete yawe ya mbere, niba ugiye kwihagararaho no , guhunga ibibazo ibyiza ikiganiro wakireka .
Inama Malika akugira ni ugukomeza kugira imvugo n’imyitwarire ikwiye. Mbere yo kunegura ibuka ko utari intungane. :
➢ Ntunegure; gusa vuga itandukaniro ry’ibitekerezo, imico, imikorere cyangwa inzira.
➢ Ntukiburanire cyangwa ngo ugire ishingiro; sobanura ibyo usabwa;
➢ Ntukigire NYIRANDABIZI ahubwo ibyo bakubwiye ko utazi byemere uvuge uti: “Simbizi ariko nzabishakisha mbimenye…”
➢ Ntugaragare ko ubabaye cyangwa ufite isoni; Mwenyura kandi ukoreshe urwenya kugirango woroshye ikiganiro;
➢ Ntukumve ko hari icyo upfa n’abakubaza;
3. Kubura ishyaka
Kubura ishyaka bishobora kugaragara ako kanya bitewe n’uko uri gukoresha umubiri wawe( body lannguage) , guhuza amaso n’ijwi ryawe ni ngombwa. Mu by’ukuri, ukuboko kwawe gushobora kubivuga byose kandi utavuze.
Ibaze uti: “kuki ngiye muri iki kiganiro?” Niba igisubizo ari : "Sinzi rwose" ikizamini wakireka cyangwa ukakijyamo kugira ngo witoze cyangwa uhure n’abantu batandukanye .
Ese, urashaka ako kazi koko?
Noneho menya neza uko ubyerekana! Abakoresha nta kindi bashaka uretse ishyaka! Niba udashobora kwemeza umukoresha ko uzaba ufite ishyaka nkabo, ntibazizera cyane ubudahemuka bwawe burambye no gukomeza akazi.
4. Ibisubizo bidasobanutse kandi by’uburiganya
Mu kiganiro cy’akazi, abakoresha barabizi ko ibisubizo biba biri butangwe n’ababazwa bishobora kuba bidasobanutse cyangwa banariganya.
Abakoresha bashobora kubona neza binyuze mu bisubizo byahimbwe kandi by’uburiganya. Mu buryo bwose bushoboka, komeza ikiganiro cyiza kandi cyubaka kandi ntukibande kubyo watsinzwe kera cyangwa ibihe bibi.
5. Kudasobanura neza icyo uzamarira umukoresha
Kudasobanura neza icyo uzamara ntabwo binaniza ubaza ibibazo gusa ahubwo birababaje kandi biranagoye.
Niba udasobanura neza ku byo witeguye gutanga ku murimo runaka, birashoboka ko utazigera na rimwe usobanura bihagije kugira ngo ubashe gutsinda no mu gihe waba uhawe izo nshingan0.
None ukeneye gukora iki?
Ibaze uti : “Niki nshobora kuzana muri iki kigo?" hanyuma ukore urutonde rw’umutungo wose ufite: umwuga, umuntu ku giti cyawe.
Abantu benshi batsindwa ikiganiro cy’akazi kubera ko badakora ubushakashatsi bwabo. Soma ibisobanuro by’akazi witonze, andika ibisabwa byose hanyuma usobanure neza uburyo wujuje ibyo bisabwa.
Amakuru yakuwe ku rubuga :www.europelanguagejobs.com


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Nyuma yo gusoma iyi nkuru, hari abahita bikuramo imyumvire bagiraga kuri iyo ndwara, kuko hari abazi ko igicuri gifata umuntu kuko bakimuroze, hakaba abazi ko iyo umuntu yegereye ihene ikamusurira arwara igicuri n’izindi mvugo zitandunye.
Twaganiriye na Dr. Arthur RUKUNDO, adusobanurira byinshi ku ndwara y’igicuri.
Ku rubuga www.femmeactuelle.fr, bavuga ko abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 50 hirya no hino ku isi, barwaye igicuri.
Igicuri ni indwara itungurana, ijambo “epilambaneim” mu Kigereki, rivuga gutungurana.
Nk’uko tubikesha urubuga www.sciencesetavenir.fr, igicuri ni indwara y’imitsi irangwa no gutuma ubwonko budakora uko bikwiye, ibyo bigakurikirwa no kwikubita hasi bitunguranye kandi bigakunda kubaho kenshi.
Dr. Arthur Rukundo avuga ko mu gihe umuntu yikubise hasi bikurikirwa no gutitira amaguru cyangwa se umubiri wose. Gusa uko kwikubita hasi k’umuntu urwaye igicuri ntibimara igihe kinini kuko nyuma y’iminota runaka arahaguruka gakomeza ubuzima bisanzwe.
Uko kugwa bitunguranye k’umuntu urwaye igicuri, biterwa n’imikorere idasanzwe y’urwunge rw’udutsi two mu mutwe, bigatuma habaho icyo bagereranya n’amashanyarazi anyura hagati y’imitsi ikora ku bwonko.
Umurwayi wafashwe n’igicuri, akenshi ntamenya ko kigiye kumufata, ariko hari abarwayi bamwe bumva ko hatangiye kubaho impinduka, bakajya ahantu heza hakiri kare.
Umuntu wese yarwara igicuri bitewe n’icyateye iyo ndwara, ariko iyo ndwara iboneka cyane cyane mu bana bato, kuko kimwe mu bitera indwara y’igicuri ari ibibazo abana bahura nabyo bakivuka, nko kuvuka bananiwe n’ibindi.
Hari kandi no kugwa bakabanza umutwe, kurwara indwara zifata ubwonko, birumvikana ko n’umuntu mukuru ugize impanuka agakomereka ku mutwe, cyangwa bakamukubita ikintu mu mutwe, igikomere kikagera ku bwonko, bishobora kumuviramo kurwara igicuri.
Hari n’ibindi bitera indwara y’igicuri harimo nko kunywa inzoga nyinshi kandi ku buryo buhoraho. Iyo inzoga imaze kuba nyinshi mu mubiri, bishobora gutera indwara y’igicuri.
Hari abagira “crise” y’igicuri bakikubita hasi babanje umutwe, bakaba banatakaza ubwenge, gusa abarwayi b’igicuri bose ntibagwa hasi ngo batakaze ubwenge.
Hari abadatakaza ubwenge. Urugero hari abana baba barwaye igicuri bajya ku ishuri, bagira “crise” bikitwa uburangare. Iyo umwana arwaye igicuri kidatura umuntu hasi, ababyeyi n’abarimu babifata nk’uburangare.
Ubwonko bukoresha umubiri mu buryo bubiri. Uburyo bwa mbere bukoresha amashanyarazi, naho uburyo bwa kabiri bugakoresha imisemburo.
Iyo habaye ikibazo cy’amashanyarazi mu bwonko, bihita bihereza igice runaka cy’umubiri cyangwa se bigafata umubiri.
Iyo ari igice cy’ubwonko cyagize ikibazo, ni byo bita”crise partielle”, naho iyo ari ubwonko bwose bwagize ikibazo ni byo byitwa “crise generalisée”.
Iyo umurwayi w’igicuri agize “crise”, ntibitinda kuko bishobora kumara hagati y’umunota umwe n’iminota itatu. Umunaniro uza nyuma ya “crise” ni wo ushobora kumara igihe, kuko ubwonko buba bwananiwe.
Igicuri ni indwara ivurwa igakira, ariko ikibanza ni ukumenya niba umuntu arwaye igicuri koko. Ibyo bikorwa n’abaganga babihuguriwe, babimenya bahereye ku bimenyetso biranga iyo ndwara.
Kugira ngo abaganga bamenye ko umuntu arwaye igicuri, bisaba ko aba agira “crises” nyinshi.
Nyuma umurwayi akorerwa ikizamini cyo kureba amashanyazi mu bwonko, icyo kizamini kitwa “ELECTOENCEPHALOGRAMME (EEG)”.
Icyuma cyifashishwa mu gukora icyo kizami, kiboneka mu bitaro byita ku barwayi bo mu mutwe bya Ndera, mu bitaro bya Kaminuza bya Kigali(CHUK), mu bitaro bya Ruhengeri, no mu bitaro bya Kibuye.
Hari imiti ihabwa umuntu byagaragaye ko arwaye igicuri, iyo miti ifatwa buri munsi. Ikiba kigamijwe, ni ukugabanya “crises” umurwayi agira ku munsi cyangwa mu cyumweru, kugeza igihe zizahagarara.
Hari abarwayi bamwe bafata imiti y’igicuri bagakira burundu, hari n’abayifata igihe kirekire, gusa abafata imiti y’igihe kirekire ni bo benshi. Gusa igicuri ni indwara igaragara ku isi hose.
Igicuri kirimo ibice bitatu :
Igicuri gishobora gufata abantu bari mu byiciro byose by’imyaka, ariko akenshi kibasira abana bato, ingimbi n’abangavu ndetse kikanibasira abantu bakuze cyane.
Ni ibiki biranga indwara y’igicuri ?
Ikimenyetso cya mbere kigaragara cy’indwara y’igicuri ni ukwikubita hasi bitunguranye, bigakurikirwa no gutakaza ubwenge bitunguranye.
Nyuma yo kwikubita hasi, umurwayi aba asa n’utakiri ku isi, adashobora kumva ibimuri iruhande mu gihe cy’amasegonda runaka. (icyo kimenyetso gikunda kugaragara cyane cyane ku bana bato).
Ni gute wafasha umuntu ufashwe n’igicuri akikubita hasi?
Iyo umuntu urwaye igicuri yikubise hasi, abamwegereye akenshi bagira ubwoba, ariko ibyiza ni ugutuza bakamufasha mu gihe biri ngombwa. Mu byo wamufasha harimo:
Ese igicuri kiravurwa?
Akenshi igicuri kivurwa no kunywa imiti yo kwa muganga. Nka 80% by’abarwayi b’igicuri, bajyanwa kwa muganga bagahabwa imiti ibafasha kudatitira cyane mu gihe bamaze kwikubita hasi (médicaments anticonvulsifs).
Iyo miti kandi igabanya kwikubita hasi kenshi, ishobora no kubivura burundu. Kugira ngo iyo miti igire akamaro, bisaba kuyinywa ku buryo buhoraho.
1/5 cy’indwara z’igicuri ntizivurwa n’iyo miti. Hari n’ubwo biba ngombwa ko umurwayi abagwa, akaba ashobora gukira bitewe n’uko icyateraga igicuri cyavuyeho.
Urugero niba igicuri cyarazanywe n’ikibyimba umuntu yarwaye ku bwonko kikaba cyamaze kubagwa, icyo gihe umurwayi ahita akira.
Ni izihe ngaruka ziterwa n’indwara y’igicuri?
Iyo umurwayi w’igicuri akunze kugwa kandi bikamara igihe kirekire, bishobora kwangiza imitsi ituma ubwonko bukora neza, nyuma bikaba byashyira ubuzima bwe mu kaga.
Ibyago bishobora guterwa n’indwara y’igicuri, harimo nko kuba umuntu yarohama mu gihe afashwe yegereye amazi menshi, guhanuka ahantu harehare, kugwa mu muriro n’ibindi.
Igicuri kandi kigira n’izindi ngaruka mbi ku buzima bw’abakirwaye, harimo nko kunanirwa kwiga ku barwayi bakiri abana, kutajya mu mikino imwe n’imwe, no kubuzwa gukora imyuga imwe n’imwe.
Ntibyemewe guha imiti umurwayi w’igicuri, mu gihe akiri muri “crise”, nta n’ikintu cyo kunywa cyangwa ikindi kintu icyo ari cyo cyose agomba guhabwa mu gihe akiri muri “crise”.


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Abantu benshi bateza ibibazo cyane cyane iyo banditse ubutumwa bugufi bakabwohereza ariko ntibabone igisubizo.
Ibi bituma abantu benshi batekereza ko batasubijwe
bigatuma bibaza ko hari ikibazo cyabaye cyangwa bakavuga ko ari ukwirengagizwa
kwabayeho. Ubusanzwe hari abantu birinda gusubiza ubutumwa mu gihe badafite
umubano wihariye n’abantu babandikiye.
Ushobora kuba ufitanye umubano n’umuntu ariko akaba
agufata nk’umuntu udakenewe cyane kuri we, bigatuma n’ubutumwa wanditse
budahabwa agaciro. Ahari wamaze igihe wibaza impamvu udasubizwa mu butumwa
wandikiye umuntu igihe kinini gishize, gusa iyi ishubora kuba impamvu.
Abantu barajwe inshinga no kugira ibyo bageraho ku buryo
kuba bareba uwabandikiye bibabera ikizamini gikomeye cyane.
Kuba wakoherereza umuntu ubutumwa bwanditse ngo ‘Hi!’ byonyine, by’umwihariko wenda ukaba wandikiye umuntu ufite izina ryo hejuru, ashobora kutazaguha igisubizo bitewe n’imirimo arimo.
Uyu muntu ashobora kuba
yakira ubutumwa bwinshi cyane ku munsi akabusoma bigendanye n’ibiburimo
ugasanga ubwawe yabushyize inyuma bikabuviramo kudasubizwa.
Niba wari usanzwe wandikira umuntu ukabanza ijambo ‘Hello, Hi’ mbere y’uko uvuga ikibazo nyirizina, uhindure, ujye ubijyanya cyangwa Hi
na Hello, ujye ubireka kugira ngo ubutumwa bwawe busubizwe.
Niwandikira umuntu ngo Hi, cyangwa Hello, ntuzategereze igisubizo byoroshye. Nibura ujye wandika ati: ”Muraho neza,
ndizera ko ubuntu bw’Imana buri kumwe namwe, ese ijoro ryagenze gute,….”. Ibi
nugerageza kubikora uzabasha kubona ubutumwa bwawe busubizwa.


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Umugandekazi Elizabeth Ibanda-Nahamya yagizwe Umucamanza wa MICT
Ku wa Kane, tariki ya 22 Werurwe 2018, Umunyamabanga Mukuru w’Umuryango w’Abibumbye yagize Umugandekazi, Elizabeth Ibanda-Nahamya, Umucamanza w’Urwego Rwashyiriweho Inkiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga (MICT), nyuma y’aho Umucamanza Solomy Balungi Bossa yeguriye kuri uwo mwanya.
Mbere yo kugirwa Umucamanza wa MICT, Madamu Ibanda-Nahamya yari Umucamanza mu Ishami ry’Urukiko Rukuru rw’u Bugande rishinzwe gukurikirana ibyaha mpuzamahanga. Kuva mu mwaka wa 2013, Madamu Ibanda-Nahamya yari kandi kuri risite y’Abacamanza b’Urwego Rwashyiriweho Urukiko Rwihariye Rwashyiriweho Sierra Leone. Madamu Ibanda-Nahamya yanakoze mu yindi myanya inyuranye yo mu rwego rw’amategeko, irimo no kuba yarakoze mu Rukiko Rwihariye Rwashyiriweho Sierra Leone kuva mu mwaka wa 2004 kugera mu wa 2008 no mu Rukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga Rwashyiriweho u Rwanda kuva mu mwaka 1996 kugera mu wa 2004.
Byongeye kandi, Madamu Ibanda-Nahamya yabaye umushakashatsi w’Inteko yari ishinzwe gutegura Itegeko Nshinga ry’u Bugande (Inteko), anaba Umujyanama mu by’amategeko w’itsinda ry’abagore bo muri iyo Nteko. Yagize kandi uruhare mu gutegura Itegeko Nshinga ry’u Bugande ryo mu mwaka wa 1995.


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Ku wa 9 Ugushyingo 2017: Umunsi Kiliziya y’i Laterano yeguriweho Imana
Amasomo:
Isomo rya 1: Ez 47, 1-2.8-9.12 Cg. 1 Kor 3, 9b-11.16-17
Zab 46 (45), 2-9
Ivanjili: Yh 2, 13-2
Kiliziya y’i Laterano iherereye mu mugi wa Roma mu Butaliyani. Ni Kiliziya y’ikubitiro. Mu ntangiriro z’ikinyejana cya Kane, ubwo gutoteza abakirisitu byari bihosheje, Umwami Konsitantini yeguriye Papa ingoro y’ibikomangoma ya Laterano. Aho ni ho habaye icyicaro cya Papa. Hubatswe Kiliziya yitirirwa Yohani Batisita na Yohani intumwa. Ni yo mapmvu ubusanzwe izwi ku izina rya Basilika ya Mutagatifu Yohani i Laterano. Iyo Kiliziya ni yo ya mbere na mbere. Yitwa Nyina w’izindi Kiliziya zose. Abapapa bahabaye kugeza bimukiye i Vatikani mu kinyejana cya 14.
Abakirisitu ba mbere ntibagiraga za kiliziya basengeramo. Kwiyumvamo ko buri wese ari ingoro ya Nyagasani maze aho bahuriye hose mu isengesho bakiyumvamo kuba Kiliziya, ibyo byari bihagije dore ko banasengaga bihishe kubera gutinya ababatotezaga. Za kiliziya zatangiye kubakwa kuva mu kinyejana cya Kane itotezwa ricogoye kandi abayoboke ba Yezu Kirsisitu bagendaga baba benshi cyane.
Isoko y’amazi afutse kandi asukura yabatembagamo ku bwa Roho Mutagatifu. Bahoraga bitwararitse ngo batavaho bahindanya ingoro y’Imana. Igihe kimwe kuri iyi tariki Mutagatifu Sezari wa Arle yabwiye abakirisitu ati: “Bavandimwe, none turahimbaza umunsi wa mbere w’iyi kiliziya. Nyamara ariko, ni twe tugomba kuba ingoro nzima z’Imana. Niba ushaka ko Kiliziya imurikirwa, menya ko n’Imana ubwayo ishaka ko roho yawe idatura mu icuraburindi”.
Igihe cyose twihatira kumva Ijambo ry’Imana kandi tukanahabwa Yezu muri ukarisitiya, ni ko isoko ya Roho Mutagatifu idutembamo ikadutemberamo tugahora dutera intambwe yo kuyibuganiza mu bandi bavandimwe bose. Iyo atari uko bimeze, twinjira mu kiliziya tukayihindanya. Mbese ntaho dutanira na bariyqa Yezu yagombye kumenenganya kuko ingoro y’Imana bari barayihinduye icuragana ry’ibicuruzwa. Yezu Kirisitu abibutsa ko ingoro ari iyo gusengeramo si iy’amasenge.
Aya masomo adutere kwinjira mu buzima bwacu. Turebe niba Roho w’Imana adutuyemo. Tumenye niba isoko ye idusabamo. Niba ari uko biteye tuzihatira gusukura iyo ngoro y’Imana (umubiri wacu n’imibereho yose). Nta kuyiserebeza nta kuyisenya. Abanangizi bibwiye ko basenye iya Yezu ariko Nyagasani yayubatse mu minsi itatu. Uwo ni umubiri we bishe ariko Imana yawusubije ubudashanguka ubuziraherezo.
Natwe tuzi ko iyi ngoro itubereye icumbi mu twaka duke tubaho ku isi, izazimira umunsi umwe ariko Imana izatuzura tuyishengerere ubuziraherezo mu byishimo. Ni ngomwa kwita kuri roho yacu dukora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo isoko ivubuka mu Ngoro y’Imana ihore ituvomerera twoye kuzumirana.
Yezu Kirisitu asingizwe. Umubyeyi Bikira Mariya aduhakirwe. Abatagatifu bose badusabire kuri Data Ushoborabyose.
Padiri Cyprien Bizimana


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Nkuko twabibasezeranyije mu gice cya mbere cyavugaga kuri iyi ndwara, reka ubu tubagezeho ibyerekeye Diyabete y’ubwoko bwa 2 (type 2); kugira ngo tumenye aho itandukaniye n’iy’ubwoko bwa mbere, ariko cyane cyane turusheho twese kuyirinda, dore ko ari yo abantu bakunze kurwara cyane kurusha iy’ubwoko bwa mbere.
Diyabete y’ubwoko bwa 2 iterwa ni iki?
Iterwa n’uko urugingo rwo mu nda rwitwa impindura (pancreas) rutakibasha kuvubura umusemburo uhagije witwa insiline, uyu musemburo ni wo utuma isukari yinjira muturemangingo (cells/cellules), kandi ukayishyira ku rugero rukwiye, ntibe nyinshi mu maraso. Mu gihe uyu musemburo wa insiline utagikora neza, isukari iba nyinshi mu maraso, ubwo umuntu akaba arwaye indwara ya diyabete cyangwa y’isukari nkuko bamwe bayita. Nta muti uyikiza uraboneka, ariko ubashije kurya neza, ni ukuvuga kurya ibiryo muganga yagutegetse no gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri,ukagira ibiro biringaniye wabana nayo ntihagire icyo igitwara, ariko ibi tuvuze bitabashije gushyira isukari ku rugero.
rukwiye, muri icyo gihe bisaba ko ufata imiti yayo, harimo gufata umuti wa insiline.
Ibimenyetso byayo ni…
Ibimenyetso bya Diyabete y’ubwoko bwa 2 ni ibi bikurikira: Inyota nyinshi, kwihagarika incuro nyinshi, gusonza cyane, kunanuka, gucika inteke, kutabona neza, hari aho umubiri wirabura cyane nko kw’ijosi no mu kwaha (ku bantu bamwe).
Ni bande bashobora kuyirwara?
Abantu bashobora kuyirwara ni:
- Abantu babyibushye cyane ( bafite ibiro byinshi), kuko iyi ari yo mpamvu nyamukuru itera Diyabete y’ubwoko bwa 2. Ariko nanone ntibivuze ko abantu bose babyibushye cyane bayirwara (bamwe barayirwara, abandi ntibayirware).
- Abantu bafite ibinure ku nda: Abantu bafite ibinure ku nda (bafite inda nini) na bo baba bafite ibyago byinshi byo kuyirwara kurusha ababifite ahandi ku mubiri nko mu bibero cyangwa ku mabuno.
- Abadakora imyitozo ngororamubiri.
- Ufite umubyeyi cyangwa umuvandimwe wayirwaye.
- Abirabura, Abo muri Aziya ,Abo muri Amerika yepfo (Hispanics), Abanyamerika kavukire ( American Indians); ku bw’ impamvu itaramenyekana neza, bakunze kuyirwara kurusha Abazungu rutuku.
- Abantu basagije imyaka 45, ariko n’abana babyibushye cyane ( obese) nabo bashobora kuyirwara.
- Abantu bagira urugero rw’isukari nyinshi mu mubiri (prediabetes), (ariko iba itaritwa diyabete nyirizina) , nabo baba bafite ibyago byo kuzayirwa.
- Abagore bakunze kugira urugero rw’isukari ruri hejuru (gestational diabetes) mu gihe batwite ( bafite inda), nabo bashobora kurwara iyi Diyabete y’ubwoko bwa 2.
Izindi ndwara ziterwa na Diyabete y’ubwoko bwa 2.
Hari izindi ndwara (complications) ziterwa n’uko umuntu arwaye Diyabete y’ubwoko bwa 2. Izo ndwara n’umuvuduko w’amaraso, indwara y’imitsi (ku abagabo, igitsina gishobora kudafata umurego mu gihe cy’imibonano mpuzabitsina), impyiko, kutabona neza, kutumva neza, n’ibisebe bishobora gutuma baca ukuguru (cyangwa amaguru yombi).
Uburyo bwo kuyirinda.
Ku bantu bose no ku muntu waba ufite uwo mu muryango we yarayirwaye (kuko ari imwe mu mpamvu zatuma nawe uyirwara), ushobora kwirinda Diabete y’ubwoko bwa 2 ukoze ibi bikurikira :
- Kurya neza wirinda ibiryo birimo ibinure byinshi.
- Gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri nko kugendesha amaguru, kugendesha igari, koga cyangwa indi myitozo itandukanye, byibuze iminota 30 ku munsi,
- Kugabanya ibiro: Ku abantu bafite ibiro byinshi, ngo ubashije kugabanya 7% y’ibiro ufite, byakurinda ibyago byo kurwara Diyabete y’ubwoko bwa 2.
– Kwirinda Biruta Kwivuza –
Source:www.mayoclinic.org
Yanditswe na Munyampirwa Sebaganwa


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par Bangambiki
Karekezi ni umusore mwiza, wambara akaberwa, abakobwa bakamubenguka. Ariko harimo akabazo. Nta buze uburyo yasaba akarongora ariko barasaba bakarangwa bakarongora ariko we reka da. Abakobwa benshi bamaze kurongorwa mu gace atuyemo abantu benshi bakekaga ko azashakamo umwe.
Amaze kubona bimuyobeye, yiyegereje umukobwa barakundana bakajya batemberana, tubona birashyushye. Hashize iminsi babaranga mu rusengero ko bazarushinga, hashize iminsi umuhungu abishingukamo batangira kubashunanira inzara. Bamwe bati ni uko umukobwa atari mwiza kandi akuze, nta n'amenyo y'imbere agira-yakoreshaga aya plastique. Umukobwa ntiyari yarize ariko yakubitaga amadarubindi ukagira ngo ingenieur! Nuko uwo muhungu aba amubenze k'umunota wa nyuma atyo abandi bati "Nuko n'ubundi wari ugipfuye, umusore nkawe akazana ruriya rujyo!" Ubwo umuhungu yumvise akomeje kugira ka morale atangira kujya afungira ipantaro imatimba(sinzi impamvu babyise gufungira ipantaro i Matimba cyokora i Matimba ni hafi y'i Nyabwishongwezi na Kagitumba mu majyaruguru ya Province y'i Burasirazuba. Gufungira ipantaro i Matimba bivuga kuyifungira hejuru mu nda nk'abazayirwa cyangwa nk'abapadiri bera!)
Hashize iminsi umuhungu aribwira ati "Nyamara ndimo ndaseba" ab atangiye urkundo n'undi mukobwa. Uwo mukobwa na we ntiyari mwiza. Yari umukobwa ukuze ufite nk'imyaka mirongo itatu. Ufite imisatsi y'injwiri kandi akirabura nk'ubwire bwije nabi, usibye ko yamwenyuraga amenyo akayamaraho uruhu agira ngo agushe neza umuhungu-ni ko twabibonaga.
Abantu batangiye kuvuga bati"Ariko se mana Claude ni umusazi cyangwa byagenze bite, ni nde musore wiyubashye koko watinyuka gutemberana n'iriya fuku?" Hashize iminsi barabaranga. Barabazana babahagarika imbere yacu habura ukoma amashyi bagaruka kwicara. Dutegereza iby'ubukwe no kuzarya inyama n'amayoga amaso ahera mu kirere, twaje kumenya ko bwapfuye.
Abazi Karekezi bahamya ko ari ikiremba, abantu basigaye bavuga ko impamvu Karekezi atarongora ari uko "kadahaguruka" naho ngo iby'abakobwa babi ahitamo no niuko "nta mukobwa ukwiye kurongorwa wamwihanganira" ni yo mpamvu abeshya "abagumiwe batagira kirora" akabakoza isoni.
INKURU BISA
Uburyo bwo Kureshya Umusore Cyangwa Umukobwa
Urukundo
Urugo Ruhire


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Bamwe mu rubyiruko rusanga imishinga yo guhanga udushya rufite ishobora gukemura bimwe mu bibazo biboneka mu rwego rw’inganda. Ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi n’iterambere ry’inganda (NIRDA) gisezeranya gukomeza gushyigikira buri wese ufite umushinga ukemura ibibazo bihari.
Uwamariya Genevieve, yiga mu Ishuri ry’imyuga n’ubumenyingiro rya Tumba, mu ishami rya ‘Electronics’. Ari mu rubyiruko 100 rwatoranijwe mu gihugu ngo yitabire amarushanwa y’imishinga y’udushya twifashishwa ikoranabuhanga mu gukemura ibibazo biri mu rwego rw’inganda.
Umushinga we urebana no gukora imashini itara ibitoki bigiye gukorwamo imitobe kuko ubusanzwe inganda zibikora mu buryo bwa gakondo.
Yagize ati “Ni imashini imenteyininga temperature, humidity na gaz y’iyo mineke kugira ngo ishye ku gihe gikwiriye kandi vuba; ni umushinga tuzaniye abantu bakora umutobe, bo batara bakoresheje shitingi ibintu bidasa neza, rero dushaka kubaha ibintu bisa neza bifite efficiency na quality.”
Benshi mu bitabiriye aya marushanwa basobanura bizeye ko imishinga yo izatsinda kugira ngo ikemure ibibazo biriho n’iby’igihe kizaza birebana n’inganda cyane cyane into n’iziciriritse.
Umuyobozi Mukuru wa NIRDA, Kampeta Sayinzoga agaragaza ko ikigajwe atari amarushanwa gusa ngo ni no gutegura kare urubyiruko kuvamo abikorera.
Ni ubwa mbere habayeho amarushanwa y’urubyiruko hagamijwe gutoranya imishinga yakemura ibibazo biri mu nganda. Umunyamabanga Uhoraho muri Minisiteri y’Ubucuruzi n’Inganda, Michel Sebera asanga aya marushanwa yaba imwe mu nzira yo gukemura ibibazo biri muri uru rwego.
Yagize ati “Hari ibibazo byinshi mu nganda zacu, nk’uko mubizi turimo gupromotinga Made in Rwanda kandi ibibazo duhura na byo ni iby’ubwinshi n’ubwiza bw’ibikomoka mu nganda zacu; ni byiza kugira ngo bahugure Abanyarwanda cyane cyane urubyiruko bafite ibitekerezo byiza bakoresheje ikoranabuhanga kugira ngo bateze imbere inganda zacu.”
Amarushanwa y’urubyiruko azamara iminsi 3, agizwe n’abagera ku 100 bibumbiye mu matsinda 37, aho ku Cyumweru hazamenyekana amatsinda 6 azahabwa ibihembo kandi akomeze gukurikiranwa no kugirwa inama mu gihe cy’amezi 3 ku kunoza imishinga yabo harebwa niba hari iyahita ishyirwa mu bikorwa.


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Ibendera rya Shark fin irashimishije cyane kubera imiterere yihariye yibendera itandukanye no kuguruka.Uburyo bworoshye cyane kandi buhenze uburyo bwo kumenyekanisha, kwemeza ubutumwa bwawe kurushaho kwitabwaho.
(1) Usibye kuriIbendera rya Shark, inkingi imwe irashobora gukoreshwa nkibendera rya Teardrop naIbenderananone, 3in1 igishushanyo, Yatangijwe na WZRODS kwisi yose
(2) Biroroshye kugenzura ububiko bwawe, uzigame ikiguzi cyawe nu mwanya wimigabane
(3) Ibikoresho bya karuboneIbenderatanga urwego rwohejuru rwo gukomera, imbaraga no guhinduka, ntabwo byoroshye kumeneka no mubihe bikomeye.
(4) Gucomeka byoroshye biroroshye guteranya & umutekano mumwanya
(5) Ngwino ufite igikapu, Umucyo woroshye kandi byoroshye
(6) Urwego runini rwashingirokuboneka kugirango uhuze porogaramu zitandukanye
Ubwiza Bwambere, Umutekano Wishingiwe


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Abanyarwanda batuye mu gihugu cy’Ubudage(Diaspora nyarwanda yo mu budage) bubatse ibyumba by’amashuri bifite agaciro ka miliyoni 120Frw kuri Groupe Scolaire Rwinzovu iherereye mu kagari ka Murago Umurenge wa Gataraga mu karere ka Musanze.
Ni ibyumba by’amashuri bitanu byubatswe hubahirijwe amabwiriza y’imyubakire y’ibigo by’amashuri agenwa n’ikigo REB, hakaba n’icyumba cy’umukobwa cyujuje ibyangombwa.
Mu gikorwa cyo gutaha ku mugaragaro aya mashuri cyabaye kuwa kabiri tariki ya 9 Nyakanga 2019 TUYISABE Providence wari uhagarariye itsinda ry’Abanyarwanda baba mu gihugu cy’Ubudage muri iki gikorwa yagaragaje ko Abanyarwanda bari mu Budage bari gukora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo na bo bagire icyo bakora giteza imbere ireme ry’Uburezi mu Rwanda.
Yagize ati “Twishyira hamwe tugakora umushinga runaka tugamije gushaka umuti ku bibazo bitandukanye bagenzi bacu baba hano mu Rwanda baba batugaragarije. Twubatse aya mashuri kugira ngo bifashe abana bakiri bato kubona uko bategura ubuzima bwabo buri imbere kuko nibo bazaba bafite igihugu mu maboko yabo; izo nshingano zibategereje ntibazazibasha badafite ubumenyi. Niyo mpamvu dutewe ishema n’iki gikorwa tubashije kugeraho”.
Iki kigo cy’amashuri cya Groupe Scolaire Rwinzovu cyubatswe mu mwaka w’1963. Nubwo kigenda kivugururwa ariko haracyari ibyumba bishaje cyane byubakishijwe amabuye, bifite isakaro ryangiritse kandi bitagira sima. Abanyeshuri bagaragaza ko bibatera kutiga neza kubera ubucucike n’ivumbi.
Umwe mu bana biga kuri iki kigo yagize ati “Twajyaga tubura uko twiga neza kubera impungenge z’uko amashuri ashaje ashobora kutugwaho, imvura iragwa tugahagarika kwiga, ivumbi ribamo naryo rituma tutanoza isuku. Ni ukuvuga ko rero abazigira mu mashuri mashya batwubakiye bagiye gutandukana n’izo mbogamizi, turabyishimiye cyane”.
Sandrine Uwimbabazi MAZIYATEKE umuyobozi muri Ministeri y’Ububanyi n’amahanga akanaba n’ukuriye umuryango w’Abanyarwanda baba hanze avuga ko hari byinshi igihugu gikeneye ku maboko y’abagikomokamo. Kuba Abatuye mu gihugu cy’Ubudage bubatse aya mashuri asanga ari urugero rwiza kuri byo.
Yagize ati “ni intangarugero ku bandi banyarwanda baba hanze, icyo twakora ni ugukomeza gushishikarizaa n’abandi gukomeza kwifatanya n’igihugu mu bikorwa nk’ibi kuko kibategerejeho ibyiza byinshi”.
Akomeza asobanura ko hirya no hino hari abanyarwanda bagenda bakora ibikorwa bitandukanye binyuze mu buvuzi, ibikorwa remezo, gutanga ubumenyi ku bandi n’ibindi; ariko ngo haracyari urugendo.
Umuyobozi w’Akarere ka Musanze ushinzwe imibereho myiza y’Abaturage UWAMARIYA Marie Claire yasobanuye ko Umunyarwanda ukunda igihugu aterwa ishema no kugira icyo akora mu kugishakira ibyiza. By’umwihariko yashimye umuhate w’abafashe iyambere bakubaka aya mashuri ariko aboneraho no kunenga abagifite imyumvire yo gukoresha amahirwe babonye mu bidafite umumaro.
Yagize ati “Iki ni igisobanuro cy’uko abubatse aya mashuri bumva neza icyo bakigomba, ariko tunabonereho kunenga abakoresha amahirwe baba barabonye mu kugisebya cyangwa kucyangiza; tubahamagariye gusubiza amaso inyuma nk’uko aba babigenje hanyuma bakifatanya n’abandi gusenyera umugozi umwe tugakomea kucyubaka, kuko nta bandi bazaza ngo babidukorere”.
Ibi byumba by’amashuri byujuje ibyangombwa bizajya byigirwamo n’abanyeshuri bo mu mwaka wa mbere n’uwa kabiri w’amashuri abanza; byiyongeraho ubwiherero n’ibigega bifata amazi; byatwaye miliyoni 120 z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda.
Nibura bizaba bifite ubushobozi bwo kwigirwamo n’abakabakaba 300 mu gihe iki kigo gifite abanyeshuri basagaho gato 1800 biga mu cyiciro cy’amashuri abanza n’ayisumbuye. Bisanze mu karere ka Musanze hakiri ibyumba by’amashuri 243 bishaje cyane bisaba gusenywa hakubakwa ibindi bishya, ndetse ibigera ku 164 byo bikeneye gusanwa.


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Imiryango yahawe inka kuri uyu munsi, ni iyo mu Mirenge ya Nemba, Rwerere na Cyeru yo mu Karere ka Burera yiganjemo iyabarizwaga mu cyiciro cya kabiri cy’ubudehe.
Ambasaderi, Dr Ron Adam, yavuze ko bahisemo gutanga inka mu rwego rwo gushyigikira gahunda ya Girinka Munyarwanda yatangijwe na Perezida wa Repubulika igamije gukura abaturage mu bukene.
Yagize ati "Koroza imiryango itishoboye, biri mu rwego rwo gushyigikira igitekerezo cyiza cya Perezida Paul Kagame, cyo gukura abaturage mu bukene binyuze mu nzira yo kuboroza inka. Ndizera ko zizatanga umusaruro ufatika kandi mu buryo burambye. Tuzakomeza gushyigikira iyi gahunda kuko turifuza kubona abana n’abo mu miryango yabo banywa amata. Inka ni ubukire kuko bazabona n’ifumbire bahinge beze."
Bamwe mu bo mu miryango yahawe inka, bavuze ko bagiye kuzitaho kugira ngo zitange umusaruro kandi ko na bo biteguye gutera imbere kandi ko n’abaturanyi babo bazungukira kuri izo nka bahabwa amata ndetse bakorozwa.
Maniraguha Didas umwe muri bo, yagize ati" Njye nari umukene kuko ndi mu cyiciro cya kabiri cy’ubudehe ariko kuba mpawe iyi nka ngiye kuyorora neza impe ifumbire mpinge neze. Izampa amata njye n’umuryango wanjye ndetse n’abaturanyi banjye bazayabona kandi niyororoka nzoroza n’abandi."
Uwamahoro Florence na we yagize ati" Nahingaga sineze neza kubera kutagira ifumbire ariko iyi nka bampaye ndayitaho nyorore neza izampe amata n’ifumbire kandi niteguye kwiteza imbere no koroza abandi. Ubu bampaye intangiriro y’iterambere. Turashimira cyane Perezida wacu Paul Kagame uhora atubanira neza n’abanyamahanga kugeza n’ubwo baduhaye inka."
Umuyobozi w’Akarere ka Burera, Uwanyirigira Marie Chantal, yashimiye umuhate w’igihugu cya Israel mu kugabanya ibipimo by’imirire mibi n’igwingira mu bana no guhashya ubukene mu miryango.
Yagize ati "Kuba aba baturage borojwe izi nka, bije kunganira gahunda twihaye ya buri mwaka, yo koroza abatishoboye. Icyo twifuza kuri aba baturage ni uko bazifata neza kugira ngo bazabone uko boroza n’abandi."
"Intego ni ukugira ngo tugabanye umubare w’abafite ibibazo by’imirire mibi n’igwingira mu miryango, kandi iki gikorwa igihugu cya Israel kidukoreye uyu munsi kiraduha icyizere cyo gukomeza kuzamura umubano dufitanye, cyane cyane mu bireba no kwihutisha gahunda zikura abaturage mu bukene."
Akarere ka Burera kabarurwamo inka zirenga ibihumbi 44, muri zo, izigera ku bihumbi 18 ni izatanzwe muri gahunda ya Girinka Munyarwanda.
Amasaderi wa Israel mu Rwanda, Dr Ron Adam, amaze gutanga inka zigera kuri 80 mu gihugu mu Turere twa Gisagara, Nyamasheke, Rulindo na Burera aho muri buri karere muri two ayagiye ahatanga inka 20.


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Ndatekereza ko mu gihe tugezemo, igihugu kidakwiye kuyoborwa bigendeye ku kuraguza umutwe, cyangwa uko umuntu yaramutse. Ibyemezo bifatwa bigomba kuba biturutse ku bushakashatsi buturutse kuri facts (empirical evidence) kandi hatarimo itekinika. Ibyemezo kandi bigomba kuba bihiswemo kuko ubushashatsi bwerekanye ko aribyo birusha inyungu ibindi byemezo byose byashoboraga gufatwa. Aha hakoreshwa icyitwa “cost-benefit analysis”, ni ukuvuga kureba buri cyemezo ibyo cyadusaba ushyize mu gaciro k’amafaranga n’inyungu cyatuzanira. Iyo inyungu ariyo iri hejuru icyo cyemezo nicyo gihitwamo. Urugero: Kugereranya hagati yo gushyiraho minisiteri cyangwa gushyiraho direction muri minisiteri isanzweho. Cyangwa se gushyiraho Komisiyo y’abadepite aho guha akazi bureau d’études,… Bityo bityo.
Muti urashaka kwerekeza he?
Hari ibintu byitwa structural adjustments byadukanywe na Banki y’isi n’ikigega mpuzamahanga cy’imari (FMI). Ni conditions zishyirwa ku bihugu akenshi iyo bisaba umwenda. Ikintu kirimo cyane ni uko igihugu gisaba umwenda kigomba kugabanya public spending/ dépenses publiques. Ni ho hava privatisation, kwegurira abikorera ibigo bya Leta. Bashobora no kugutegeka kugabanya abakozi ba Leta.
Waba uzi Secrétariat ya Privatisation n’umugabo Robert Abayigamba? Niba utabizi, uracyari mutoya. Mu myaka yashize, ni secretariat yashyizweho ngo yegurire abikorera ibigo bya Leta. Igisobanuro cyari uko “Leta itabereyeho gucuruza“, ntibigeze bavuga ko ari conditions bashyizweho ngo babone inguzanyo, cyangwa ngo bagabanyirizwe imyenda. Bamaze kubona inguzanyo byagenze bite? Barongeye bakoresha ya mafaranga bashinga ibindi bigo bya Leta. Dore bimwe mu byo bashinze aha hasi.
Tugeze muri 2022, ubukungu bwifashe nabi, iterambere twaririmbye ryari icyuka none kubihisha ntibigishoboka, umwenda u Rwanda rufite urarenga 70% by’umusaruro mbumbe, ntitugishoboye kubaho hatabayeho kimwe cyangwa byombi mu bintu bikurikira:
Icya mbere, ni ukwizirika umukanda tukagabanya imishahara y’umurengera, uwagendaga mu modoka ya leta akagenda na “Twegerane”, agafata igare cyangwa akagenda n’amaguru.
Icya kabiri ni ukugurisha ibigo bya Leta ngo turebe ko twabonamo dukeya ndetse binadufashe gusaba undi mwenda.
Igikomeye ariko, ni uko umwenda u Rwanda rufitiye abantu bikorera, wa wundi ukomoka ku mpapuro z’agaciro treasury bonds/ bonds de trésors ( nka wa wundi wubatse Kigali Convention Center) ugomba kwishyurwa byanze bikunze. Bivuze ko IMF cyangwa Banque mondiale niduha undi mwenda, tuzawukoresha twishyura mwenda twafash mbere.
Hagati aho ariko hari n’indi myenda ikaze twatewe n’ubukozi bw’ibibi buhubukiwe. Reba miliyoni 65 tugomba kwishyura Madame INGABIRE Victoire kuko twamuvukije uburenganzira bwe, cyangwa se miliyari 400 tuzishyura wa mukobwa wa RUSESABAGINA kubera ko twashimuse se kandi abanyamerika bari natubujije!
Murabyumva ariko ra? Gufata umwenda wo kwishyura umwenda?!
Ni hahandi baba bavuga ngo ” Byakomeye n’abatwa nibasore” ( burya bo ngo ntibasoraga ).
Intore irusha izindi kutaganya rero yabonye ibisubizo.
1) Guca buri muturage amafaranga yitwa ayo kwizigamira no guteganyiriza ejo hazaza. Ni ubwa mbere numvise ibintu nk’ibi ku isi. Ibaze kuba waburaye utazi ko ejo uzaramuka ariko ugateganyiriza ejo!
2) Kuvuga ko leta itagomba gucuruza, ukagurisha ibigo bya leta vuba byihuse, I mean vuba vuba cyane. None se wabishinze wibagiwe Secrétariat ya Abayigamba Robert? Ese aho gushyiraho minisiteri ibishinzwe, izatwara andi mafaranga , washyizeho komisiyo y’abadepite basanzwe bahembwa cyangwa ukabishinga minisiteri y’imari?
Icyakora ntuzongere kuvuga ko leta idacuruza, bene icyo kiranyagisha. Ikibazo si aho kiri. Ikibazo kiri mu gusahura amafaranga yakagombye kujya mu isanduku ya leta.
Tangaza ko tugeze mu gihe cyo kwizirika umukanda tureke kubaho nk’abagashize kandi ubukene bunuma!
Chaste GAHUNDE
07/08/2022


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Yanditswe na Barbara Taylor and Lisa Parisio, Immigrant Legal Advocacy Project
Kuri ubu, serivisi zifasha abimukira ntiziboneka ku buryo buhagije muri Maine, kandi iyi leta ifite abantu benshi bakeneye izo serivisi. Ibi byahaye icyuho abantu b’inyangabirama cyo gushuka abimukira babiba umutungo wabo babizeza ubufasha mu manza zabo. Iyi migirire ntabwo yemewe kandi ishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye kuri dosiye yawe. Inzira nziza yo kwirinda bene aba bantu ni ukugira amakuru ku byo bakora no kwitonda mu gihe uhitamo uwo wemerera kuguha ubufasha kuri disoye yawe y’ubwimukira.
Uko babigenza
Amategeko agenga abimukira n’ubufasha bahabwa agora cyane umuntu utabihugukiwe. Niba uri umwimukira uri kugerageza kwifashisha aya mategeko ushobora kuba wumva neza ibyo mvuga kurusha undi wese.
Nyamuneka irinde abantu bashaka gufatirana abimukira bashya, harimo n’abasaba ubuhunzi. Aba bantu bazi ko abimukira bashya bashobora kuba badafite amakuru ahagije ku bijyanye n’amategeko, bashobora kuba bavuga icyongereza gike, kandi bashobora kuba bafite ubushobozi buke n’ubufasha buke igihe bakiza. Baba bizeye ko abashya baba bagitinya cyangwa se nta mbaraga bafite zo kumenyesha uburiganya muri leta ya Maine. Bashobora no kugaragara nk’ abantu bafite ubutware ku muryango w’abimukira, mbese nk’umuyobozi w’idini. Bashobora kugerageza kukugira inama cyangwa se bakagusaba kugukurikiranira dosiye yawe yo kubona ibyangombwa byo gutura byuzuye maze bagahindukira bakakwishyuza.
Ikivamo
Ku bimukira bo muri Maine, ingaruka zishobora kuba mbi yane. Bashobora kukwiba umutungo wawe. Dosiye yawe y’ubwimukira ishobora kuruhanya cyangwa se ikananga burundu.
Irinde
Menya neza ko umuntu wese uguha inama kumpapuro zawe z’abinjira n’abasohoka agomba kuba ari umunyamategeko cyangwa akurikiranwa numunyamategeko. Irengayobora rishobora kuba nko ku bantu batanga serivizi ariko atari abanyamategeko, abo twavuga nk’abasemuzi. Ntugire impungenge, ibyo ntabwo ari kimwe no gutanga serivisi z’abinjira n’abasohoka mu buryo butemewe cyangwa gutanga inama mu by’amategeko mu buryo butemewe!
Itondere abantu bakora bimwe muri ibi bintu:
. Bakwishyuza kugirango bakwakirire amabaruwa avuye mu rwego rwa leta ya Amerika rushinzwe ubwenegihugu no gutanga serivisi z’abimukira.
. bakwishyuza ngo baguhe forumireri z’ubwimukira ukeneye,
. Bashyira amakuru atariyo cyangwa bagusaba gushyira amakuru atari yo ku mpapuro zawe,
. Gutanga amakuru atari yo bizagufasha gutsinda urubanza rwawe rw’ubwimukira
. Bakubwira ko baziranye n’abantu bakomeye bazagufasha mu rubanza rwawe rw’ubwimukira
. bavuga ko batari buguhe inyemezabwishyu igihe ubishyuye, cyangwa se nta kintu baguha kiriho amazina yabo
. Bafata ibikuranga ubundi ntibabikugarurire.
. Bananirwa cyangwa se banga gusinya ku mpapuro z’ubwimukira buzuza cyangwa se bagusemurira
. bananirwa cyangwa se bakanga kuguha kopi y’impapuro zawe zose bohereza ku rwego rushinzwe ubwenegihugu na serivisi z’abimukira
Gira icyo ukora
- Tanga amakuru: Sangiza amakuru umuryango w’abimukira, inshuti n’abaturanyi.
- Tangaza inkuru yawe: Ni icyaha gutekereza umutwe abimukira ugamije kubiba utwabo witwaje ko uri kubafasha muri dosiye zabo z’ubwimukira. Niba wowe cyangwa umuntu uzi yarahuye n’iki kibazo, nyamuneka reba uko wavugana n’umuntu mu rwego rwizewe kugirango agufashe kumenya uko wabyitwaramo.
- Tangira ubuhamya serivisi zindi z’abimukira muri Maine: Abimukira muri Maine bakeneye serivisi nziza zemewe n’amategeko no kurindwa uburiganya. Vugana n’abahagarariye abandi batowe hamwe nabandi bakeneye izi serivisi kuri iki kintu. Basabe gufatira ibyemezo abakora uburiganya muri serivisi zirebaabimukira.


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Ni ikoranabuhanga ryakozwe mu rwego rwo gushyira mu bikorwa itegeko ryo mu 2021 ryo kurengera umuguzi rigena ko kubona amakuru kuri serivisi z’imari, kumenya ibiciro bya serivisi abona, gufatwa neza no gukemurirwa ibibazo ari uburenganzira bw’ibanze.
Umuyobozi ushinzwe imyitwarire y’ibigo by’imari muri Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda (BNR), Nsabimana Gerard, yasobanuye ko iri koranabuhanga ryakozwe by’umwihariko mu gukemurira ibibazo abagana ibigo by’imari.
Ati “Kera wagiranye ikibazo n’ikigo cy’imari wenda kuri serivisi baguhaye, byasabaga kujya kuri icyo kigo ku ishami ryacyo kandi biragora, ukandika ibaruwa, ukayijyana cyangwa ukababwira mu magambo ikibazo cyawe bakacyandika, byagoraga abantu”.
Iri koranabuhanga rizahuriza hamwe ibigo, ni ukuvuga ngo ikigo cy’imari cyose ushatse gutangamo ikibazo ukibona muri iryo koranabuhanga rimwe, ukarijyamo ukoresheje uburyo butandukanye yaba kwandika ubutumwa bugufi kuri 6005 cyangwa ku mbuga nkoranyambaga za BNR.
Wandika ubutumwa bugufi, ukandika ikibazo, bakakubaza ikigo wifuza kugitangaho, ukacyohereza kigahita kigera kuri icyo kigo. Nta kiguzi bisaba kandi bikorwa mu rurimi ubasha kumva yaba; Ikinyarwanda, Icyongereza n’Igifaransa.
Hari ubwo umuntu yatangaga ikibazo kuri banki cyangwa ikindi kigo cy’imari ntabone igisubizo cyangwa ntanyurwe. Muri iri koranabuhanga rya ‘Intumwa’, baguha nimero ureberaho aho ikibazo cyawe kigeze gikemurwa cyamara no gukemurwa bakakoherereza igisubizo, waba utakishimiye ukaba wagitanga kuri Banki nkuru y’u Rwanda kugira ngo nayo ikirebeho, wakumva unyuzwe ubwo kikaba kirakemutse.
BNR ifite aho inyura ikabona ibibazo byagiye mu bigo by’imari byose ariko yashaka no kumenya ibyagiye mu kigo runaka gusa ikabikora. Iri koranabuhanga rishobora no kwerekana iminsi ikibazo kimaze.
BNR iri gutegura amabwiriza rusange avuga ko nta kibazo cyakagombye kurenza iminsi 15. Nikijya kiyirenza rya koranabuhanga rizajya rifasha uwagitanze kukigeza kuri BNR ariko hazabaho n’ibihano ku badasubiza ibibazo by’abakiliya.
Nsabimana ati “Ibibazo byananiwe gukemurwa n’ibigo by’imari, iri koranabuhanga rizajya rifasha BNR kubirebaho kugira ngo ihuze abaguzi n’ibigo by’imari hashakwe ibisubizo by’ibyo bibazo”.
Ibibazo byinshi abakiliya bagirana n’ibigo by’imari biri mu nguzanyo cyane cyane mu buryo bwo kubara amafaranga bafashe, inyungu n’ibihano.
Hari ibijyanye no kuvugurura inguzanyo, imicungire y’amakonti aho hari nk’aho amafaranga ashobora kuva kuri konti atari umukiriya wayakuyeho, ibijyanye n’ikoranabuhanga. Hari ibibazo kandi by’abantu baba bararangije kwishyura inguzanyo ariko bajya gusaba indi serivisi bikagaragara ko bakiyifite.
Mu bigo by’ubwishingizi ibibazo abantu bakunda kugaragaza birimo ibivuka iyo abantu bagiye kwishyuza. Niba umuntu yarafashe ubwishingizi bw’impanuka yayigira akajya kwishyuza ugasanga ntabonye amafaranga cyangwa yayabona ntayishimire.
Visi Guverineri wa Banki Nkuru y’Igihugu, Soraya Hakuziyaremye yavuze ko binyuze kuri Intumwa, buri wese ukoresha serivisi z’imari ufite ikibazo cyangwa wumva yarenganyijwe azajya yohereza ubutumwa abaze ikibazo cye kigere kuri Banki nkuru y’u Rwanda ariko no kuri banki bafitanye ikibazo.


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Reba Video
Baza Shangazi
COMMENTAIRE KU MUSORE WASWEYE UMUKOBWA MU GIHE GITO GISHOBOKA
Iyo nkuru y'uwo musore wasweye umukobwa mu gihe gito bamenyanye nasanze harimo ikabya nkuru: kuba yaramusweya birashoboka ariko kuvuga ngo yari ariye kwambarira umusore Kimisagara yarangiza agaswera umukobwa ishuro 4 zose yarangiza akajya kwambarira umusore!! Ubwose ubukwe barahagaze kugeza asweye izo nsuro zose !!! Ubwose yarasweraga cg yarabipaga. Ubundi umuntu normal aswera nibura iminota 30 yarangiza akaruhuka nibura iminota 15 kugira ngo ashobora kongera ubwo ni ukuvuga iminota 180 ingana n'amasaha. Ubwose umuntu yaba afite gahunda yo kujya mu bukwe agakererwaho amasaha 3 yose !!! Iyo nkuru nyirayo yashakaga gutesha umutwe ingaragu zitazi guswera uko bigenda!!! Ni n'abantu bake bashobora guswera izo nshuro ni joro nkaswe ku manwa umuntu avuye mu mupira agiye guhita ajya gutaha ubukwe yarangiza akagenda atiyuhagiye !!! Ikindi kandi ntabanga ugira; niba koko byarabaye uyu mukobwa akabona warabishyize kuri internet niba utabeshya koko urabona hari ibanga ugira!!!
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Rwamagana: Abarimu basabwe gukoresha Ikoranabuhanga kuko ibyo bigisha bisaba ubushakashatsi
Urwego rw’Igihugu rushinzwe uburezi bw’ibanze (REB) rwasabye abarimu gukoresha Ikoranabuhanga kuko ariho isi igana ndetse ko kugirango umwana abashe kubika igihe kinini mu bwonko ibyo bamwigisha yabibona mu buryo bw’amashusho agenda ndetse n’amajwi.
Umwarimu ubasha gukoresha mudasobwa bituma umwana abasha gufata ibyo yigishije akabishyira mu bwonko yabasha gushaka ayo makuru bikagaruka mu buryo bwihuse bityo abarimu gukoresha ikoranabuhanga bagasabwa kubishyiramo imbaraga kugirango bagendane ni igihe mu gutanga uburezi bufite ireme.
Ibi ni ibyatangarijwe mu Karere ka Rwamagana kuri uyu wa Kane tariki ya 15 Nzeri 2022, ubwo habaga inama y’Uburezi yahurijwemo abarimu bose bo muri aka Karere yari ifite insanganyamatsiko igira iti” Iterambere rya mwarimu, umusingi w’ireme ry’uburezi”.
Hari aho byari bikigaragara ko umwarimu usanga afite amakaye ateguriramo amasomo ye yo kwigisha ariko bikaba byabagoraga cyane ko yanacika cyangwa ikaba yanabura, bakavugako gukoresha ikoranabuhanga bizabafasha mu kugira umutekano wa note zabo bazajya baba bateguye.
Mwumvaneza Jean Claude umuyobozi w’ikigo cy’amashuri cya Gatsi giherereye mu Umurenge wa Gishari avuga ko umwarimu udakoresha ikorana buhanga bimugora kujyana n’igihe.
Yagize ati”, Umwarimu utegura amasomo akoresheje Ikoranabuhanga bimworohereza umwanya bikihuta, no kubona imfashanyigisho bikamworohera bitandukanye n’umwarimu ushobora kumara iminota 50 ategura isomo mu buryo bw’impapuro, nibyiza ko umwari wese yatunga Smart phone kuko niba ageze mu rugo akenera gukomeza kwihugura kubumenyi no gukurikirana ibyo yigishije. Rero imbogamizi z’umwarimu udafite smart phone ntabwo ajyana n’igihe”.
Nyirazanazose Rachel ni umurezi mu urwunge rw’amashuri rwa Karenge avuga ko umwarimu agomba kuba uw’ikoranabuhanga mu kazi ke.
Yagize ati” Tugaragaze ubushobozi bwa mwarimu bwubatswe turanahiga kugirango tutazahora dusaba nibura uyu mwaka uzarangire buri mwarimu afite smart phone ariho badushakira, kuburyo n’umuyobozi azajya yandika ku rubuga amakuru tukayasangirira hamwe, kandi nk’uko umuyobozi yabivuze nta mwarimu wo mumpapuro”.
Musengayire Narcisse Umuyobozi w’Ikigo cya Bihembe giherereye mu Umurenge wa Nyakariro avuga ko ikoranabuha rizafasha abarimu ku menya amakuru atandukanye ajyanye n’iterambere.
Yagize ati” Ikoranabuhanga ku myigire bizafasha ikintu kinini cyane, ntabwo mwarimu azafata wa mwanya munini wo kwandika ahubwo azakoresha Ikoranabuhanga akoreshe umwanya muto ndetse akoreshe na interineti kugirango abashe gushaka amakuru hirya nohino, nkakangurira abarimu ko igihe tugezemo atari icyo gukoresha impapuro ari icyo gukoresha ikoranabuhanga kugirango adasigara inyuma mu iterambere”.
Umuyobozi Mukuru wa REB, Dr Mbarushimana Nelson yibukije abarezi ko igihe tugezemo ari icyo kugendana n’ikoranabuhanga.
Yagize ati”, Ikinyejana tugezemo cya 21 gisaba ko umwarimu wigisha aba yifitiye Ikoranabuhanga bivuze gukoresha mudasobwa, kuba ufite umurongo, kuko munshingano umwarimu akora zo kwigisha bigomba gukora ubushakashatsi, mu kubukora muri iki gihe tugezemo bisaba Ikoranabuhanga, kujya kumbuga nkoranyambaga, kuri google n’izindi mbuga zitandukanye mwarimu shobora kubonaho amakuru yakoze ubushakashatsi, aho niho dushishikariza abarimu ko na telefone ashobora kuyikoresha mu ubushakashatsi, cyangwa se mudasobwa, cyane cyane izo nyigisho mwarimu aba afite kuko uko iminsi igenda ni nako ibintu bigenda bihinduka, iyo ufite inyigisho zibitse mu uburyo bw’ikoranahuhanga, iyo ukoze ubushakashatsi ukagira icyo ubona za nyigisho ushobora kuzihindura mu buryo bworoshye ukoresheje mudasobwa”.
Mbonyumuvunyi Radjab, umuyobozi w’akarere ka Rwamagana, yavuze ko abarimu bakorera mu Karere ayobora icyo abitezeho ari umusaruro bagomba gutanga mubo bigisha.
Yagize ati “Ubutumwa duha abarimu n’uko bazamura ireme ry’uburezi, bikazagaragarira mu mitsindishirize y’abana bigisha ikindi rizanagararira mu mirimo itandukanye abanyeshuri bazakora mu gihe bazaba barangije kwiga kugirango tubone umusaruro nwiza w’ibyo bakora”
Minisiteri y’uburezi ivuga ko abarimu bo mu mashuri abanza bagera ku 68 207 bafite impamyabumenyi y’amashuri yisumbuye, A2, abarimu bakorera kandi bagahemberwa ku mpamyabumenyi y’icyiciro cya mbere cya Kaminuza, A1 bagera ku 12 214 nabarimu bagera ku 17 547 bakorera kandi bagahemberwa ku mpamyabumenyi y’icyiciro cya kabiri cya Kaminuza, A0.
MUKANYANDWI Marie Louise


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Isomo rya 1: Igitabo cy’Umuhanuzi Izayi 43,16-21
Avuze atya Uhoraho, we washatse inzira mu nyanja rwagati, agatanga akayira mu mazi magari, we wahagaritse amagare n’amafarasi, ingabo n’abantu b’intwari bose hamwe, bikagwa ubutazegura umutwe, bigahwekera nk’agatara, hanyuma bikazima. Mwikwibuka ibyabayeho mbere, ngo mukurwe umutima n’ibya kera, dore ngiye gukora ikintu gishya, ndetse cyatangiye no kugaragara; ntimukiruzi se? Ni ukuri rwose, ndahanga inzira rwagati mu butayu, inzuzi zitembe ahantu h’amayaga. Inyamaswa z’inkazi zizampe ikuzo, kimwe n’imbwebwe na za mbuni, kuko navubuye amazi rwagati mu butayu, n’inzuzi zigatemba ahantu h’amayaga, kugira ngo nuhire umuryango wanjye nihitiyemo, umuryango nihangiye, kandi uzahora uvuga ibisingizo byanjye.
Zaburi ya 125 (126), 1-2ab, 2cd-3, 4-5, 6
Igihe Uhoraho agaruye i Siyoni abari barajyanywe bunyago,
twabanje kugira ngo turi mu nzozi!
Ubwo umunwa wacu wuzura ibitwenge,
n’ururimi rwacu rutera indirimbo z’ibyishimo.
Nuko mu mahanga bakavuga
bati «Uhoraho yabakoreye ibintu by’agatangaza!»
Koko Uhoraho yadukoreye ibintu by’agatangaza,
ni yo mpamvu twasazwe n’ibyishimo!
Uhoraho, cyura amahoro abacu bajyanywe bunyago,
ubazane nk’isumo y’amazi atembera mu butayu.
Ni koko, umuhinzi ubibana amarira,
asarurana ibyishimo.
Uko agiye, agenda arira,
yitwaje ikibibiro cy’imbuto;
yagaruka, akaza yishimye,
yikoreye imiba y’umusaruro.
Isomo rya 2: Ibaruwa Pawulo Intumwa yandikiye Abanyafilipi 3,8-14
Bavandimwe, ndetse nsanga ko ibintu byose ari igihombo ubigereranije n’icyiza gisumba byose ari cyo kumenya Umwami wanjye Yezu Kristu. Kubera We nemeye guhara byose no kubyita umwanda, kugira ngo nunguke Kristu, maze nzamusange ntishingikirije ubutungane bwanjye bukomoka ku Mategeko, ahubwo mfite ubutungane bukomoka ku kwemera Kristu, buva ku Mana, bukaba bushingiye ku kwemera. Igisigaye ni ukumumenya, We wazukanye ububasha, no kwifatanya na We mu bubabare bwe, ndetse no kwishushanya na We mu rupfu rwe, kugira ngo nibishoboka, nanjye nzagere ku izuka mu bapfuye. Si ukuvuga ko ubu ibyo nabigezeho, cyangwa ko naba narabaye intungane, ahubwo ndatwaza ngo nsingire Yezu Kristu, mbese nk’uko We ubwe yansingiriye. Koko, bavandimwe, sinemeza ko nabigezeho; icyo mparanira ni kimwe gusa: ibyashize ndabyihorera nkihatira ibizaza. Ntwaza rero ngana intego, ya ngororano Imana iduhamagarira mu ijuru muri Kristu Yezu.


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Nibicuruzwa byacu bishya byasohotse muri 2020. Umubiri wamacupa ushingiye kuri vermilion gakondo yubushinwa.Umubiri numubiri wibanze winzoga ya Jinshagu 2013, ivanze ninzoga nziza ya 90.Umutuku mu muco gakondo w'Abashinwa bisobanura ubwiza, ubwiza, ibirori n'amahirwe.Iyi nzoga ikwiranye nimpano zo kwizihiza, ubukwe nibirori.Nibinyejana byinshi byakusanyirijwe hamwe byinzoga, kugirango wubahe imigisha itanu nubuzima bwuzuye.
Ibindi binyobwa bisembuye bisembuwe mu rwobo.Inzoga zacu za Jinshagu zigomba kunyura muburyo bubiri bwa fermentation, aribwo gufungura no gufunga fermentation.Tuyita yin fermentation ya yang na yang, kandi gufungura fermentation ni yang fermentation kandi nanone bita fermentation ya aerobic.Mugushyiramo amasaka yumye (nyuma yiswe ibinyampeke, umuceri wa glutinous ferment) muri koji kugirango ukonje, ukusanyirize hamwe na fermentation, hanyuma uhuze byimazeyo mikorobe ngirakamaro mubidukikije, ni fermentation itanga impumuro nziza.
Ifumbire ifunze, izwi kandi nka fermentation mbi cyangwa fermentation ya anaerobic, ni fermentation yintete za distiller hamwe nibyondo byiziritse mubyobo nyuma yo gusembura neza.Ni fermentation yinzoga.
Ubuhinduzi: Nukuri kandi bupakiwe neza.Byera kandi biruhura, byiza kunywa, ntabwo wasinze, uburyohe bwiza, ibikoresho byihuse.Mugenzi kandi biraryoshye
Ubuhinduzi: Gupakira ni byiza, igishushanyo ni gishya, uburyohe buroroshye, ntabwo buri hejuru, papa arabikunda cyane, igiciro ni kinini, serivisi ni nziza, ibikoresho birihuta, kandi ibiruhuko nabyo ni byiza .
Ubuhinduzi: Nakiriye inzoga, umuvuduko wo gutanga urihuta, gupakira ni murwego rwohejuru, nibyiza cyane nkimpano, biraryoshye, uburyohe nibyiza cyane, kandi ndanyuzwe cyane
Ikibazo: Ni irihe sano riri hagati yikimenyetso cyawe na Moutai?
Igisubizo: Turi ibirango bibiri bitandukanye bya sosi n'inzoga mubushinwa.Liu Kaiting, umunywi wa mbere w’ibinyobwa bya "Shenchu Shaofang", uwabanjirije inzoga ya Jinsha gu, ni umuhimbyi w’imiti ya Moutai Distillery, bityo ikaba ikomoka ku nzoga z’igihugu.


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Amazina: Kayibanda Mutesi Aurore
Intara ahagarariye: Amajyepfo
Nimero atorerwaho: MISS 1
Imyaka: 20
Icyo akora: Umunyeshuri
Ishuri yigamo: Ishuri rikuru ry’ikoranabuhanga rya Kigali (KIST)
Umwaka yigamo: Umwaka wa mbere
Ibyo akora mu gihe cy’ikiruhuko: Gukina umukino wa Basket, Koga no Kureba Amafirimi
Ibyo akunda: Ubupfura, Kubaha, Gushyira mu gaciro
Ibyo yanga: Gutesha agaciro bagenzi be, Intambara ndetse n’amakimbirane
Kuki witabiriye amarushanwa ya Nyampinga w’u Rwanda: Guhagararira igihugu cye, Kugiteza imbere ndetse no kuba icyitegererezo cyiza mu rundi rubyiruko rw’abakobwa.