text:
Ibendera rya mbere ry’ u Rwanda rwigenga.
Hashize imyaka 18 Umunsi ngarukamwaka w’ubwigenge (1 Nyakanga) utizihizwa mu Rwanda. Ntibyumvikana ukuntu abategetsi bayoboye Urwanda muri iki gihe batinyuka guhigika umunsi ukomeye nk’uw’ubwigenge bw’igihugu . Baba se barabiterwaga no kutamenya agaciro ka Indépendance ? Baba se barabiterwaga n’uko batishimiye ko Urwanda rwasezereye ingoma ya cyami na gikolonize ? Ubwo noneho biyemeje kuwuhimbaza uyu mwaka, abenegihugu bose bakwiye kumva ko uwo munsi mukuru ari uwabo bityo bakawitabira kandi bakihatira no kumenya icyo usobanura. Muri iyi minsi leprophete.fr izabagezaho inyandiko zinyuranye zibafasha kuwukunda no kuwugira uwanyu.[ndlr)
Taliki ya 01 Nyakanga 2012 Urwanda ruzaba rumaze imyaka 50 rwigenga. Imihango y’umunsi w’ubwigenge le 01/07/1962 i Kigali yabimburiwe n’igitambo cya Misa yabereye muri kiliziya y’Umuryango Mutagatifu (Sainte Famille). Misa yashojwe n’indirimbo yo gushimira Imana yitwa mu kilatini “Te Deum”.
Hakurikiyeho ibirori byabereye ku rubuga rwitiriwe Repubulika (Place de la République). Ni hahandi habanje ibiro bya perezida wa repubulika ku ngoma ya Kayibanda n’iya Habyarimana mbere y’uko byimurirwa ku Kacyiru ahari urwunge rw’amazu (village) rwiswe “Urugwiro”. Aho rero ku rubuga rwa repubulika hari hubatswe ikiraramizi (igisharagati, tribune) cya kijyambere, perezida wa Repubulika Nyakubahwa Geregori Kayibanda yicayemo, akikijwe n’abafasha be ba hafi n’abashyitsi b’imena bari baturuse hirya no hino ku isi.
Ijuru ryari rikeye cyane. Habanje akarasisi (défilé) k’ingabo z’igihugu, hanyuma i saa yine zuzuye (10h00), haba umuhango ukomeye cyane wo kuzamura IBENDERA rya Repubulik y’Urwanda ari nako iry’Ububiligi ryamanurwaga, haririmbwa kandi indirimbo yubahiriza igihugu ariyo “Rwanda rwacu, Rwanda gihugu cyambyaye”. (Murasanga amagambo y’iyi ndirimbo mu nyomeko y’iyi nyandiko).
Ibyishimo byari byuzuye imitima, bamwe mu bantu bakuru ntibashoboye kwifata. Bararize bibuka ibibi bari barakorewe n’ingoma ya gihake, cyami na gikolonize byari bigendeye rimwe nk’ifuni iheze. Abakiri bato bari bizihiwe, abana babishoboye bari buriye mu biti kugirango bashobore kureba neza ibirori no kubona abategetsi bashya b’Urwanda n’abashyitsi b’imena bari aho. Hakurikiyeho ijambo rya Nyakubahwa perezida wa Repubulika, Bwana Geregori Kayibanda.
Perezida Geregori Kayibanda.
Ibirori byarakomeje, birangiye habaho akanya ko kwakira abashyitsi. Igitekerezo cyari mu mitwe no mu mitima ya bose ni ikivi gikomeye Abanyarwanda bari batangiye cyo guteza igihugu cyabo imbere mu ngeri zose.
Habuze gato
Kuri uwo munsi nyine le 01/07/1962 INYENZI zari zateganije gutera Urwanda kugirango ibyishimo byari mu gihugu bihinduke amarira. Zimwe zagombaga gutera ziturutse i Cyangugu no ku Kibuye. Rukeba wari uziyoboye yagize ubwoba, ntiyabikora. Izindi zagombaga gutumburiza mu mashyamba ya Gisenyi na Ruhengeri, zikamanukira i Gatumba, zigakomereza i Gitarama zigana i Kigali, umurwa mukuru. Itumanaho ryagenze nabi, bituma zitabasha gutera uwo munsi, ariko ziza gutera mu ijoro rya le 03 rishyira le 04/07/1962. Umugambi wazo wari uwo kwica abategetsi no gutera akaduruvayo mu gihugu. Ntizashoboye kubigeraho kuberako Ingabo z’Urwanda rwigenga zazikubise inshuro.
Kwari ugutangira bundi bushya
Urwanda rw’ubu rurakennye, ariko le 01/07/1962 rwari rukennye kurushaho. Impamvu z’ubwo bukene ni nyinshi. Iya mbere ni uko nta mutungo kamere uhambaye rwisanganiwe, n’uwo rufite, ugizwe n’imirima ihingwa, inzuri, amashyamba, amazi n’ibindi ukaba warakoreshwaga nabi kubera gihake no kutamenya gukora kijyambere cyane cyane mu by’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi.
Impamvu ya 2 ni uko Abadage babanje gukoloniza Urwanda batabonye igihe cyo kurukoramo ibikorwa by’amajyambere. Kandi n’ubundi bari bararurebye, basanga icyo rukizeho ari ukuba rutuwe cyane, ku buryo bumvaga bajya bafata Abanyarwanda bakabajyana gutura no gukora muri teritwari ya Tanganyika (Tanzaniya y’ubu ukuyemo ibirwa bya Zanzibar na Pemba), abandi bakabatoza ibya gisirikari ku buryo haramutse habaye intambara, bafasha ingabo z’Ubudage.
Ababiligi bazunguye Abadage mu w’1916 bakomeje gushora ingufu nyinshi mu guteza imbere Kongo (Kinshasa) yanitwaga ndetse Kongo Mbiligi. Mu myumvire y’Ababiligi Kongo ntiyari igihugu gikolonijwe, ahubwo yari imwe mu ntara zigize Ububiligi nk’uko n’Abafaransa bumvaga ko igihugu cy’Alijeriya ari intara (département) y’Ubufaransa. Nyuma ya Kongo, ahandi Ababiligi bashyize ingufu nyinshi ni mu gutuganya umugi wa Bujumbura kuko wari umurwa mukuru w’igihugu abakoloni bitaga “Rwanda-Urundi”.
Ngiyo impamvu rero Urwanda rwarinze rugera ku bwigenge nta mazu y’ubutegetsi, nta kibuga cy’indege, nta bindi bikorwa shingiro (infrastructures) biri i Kigali wagereranya n’ibyari i Bujumbura cyangwa muri Kongo. Nyamara mu myaka mike, cyane cyane kuri repubulika ya 2 (1973-1994) yanononsoye ikanashyira mu bikorwa imishinga y’amajyambere yari yarizwe igihe cya repubulika ya mbere (1962-1973), Urwanda rwari rumaze gusiga ibihugu baturanye mu rwego rw’amajyambere ku buryo n’Abazayiruwa (Abanyekongo) benshi bajyaga gushaka imibereho mu Rwanda.
Utayihinganye ntayishira
Iyo ni inzara Abakurambere bacu bavugaga. Abategetsi bo kuri repubulika ya mbere bazirikanye ko Urwanda rukennye, maze birinda kurusonga barusahura. Perezida yagenewe akamodoka k’agaPeugeot n’umushoferi. Abaministiri bagenderaga muri ya mavatiri yitwaga ibikeri (Volkswagen coccinelle) kandi bakitwara ! Ya mafaranga ahabwa abakozi kubera ko bashinze urugo cyangwa ko bungutse umwana (indemnités familiales) ntayo bafataga. Umushahara wa buri kwezi w’umukuru w’igihugu byari ibihumbi 30, uw’abaministiri byari 12.500, uw’umudepite ukaba bitanu (5.000).
Mu Burundi ntabwo ariko byagenze. Mu kwiga itegeko nshinga ry’Uburundi bwikukiye, Abarundi bafashe itegeko nshinga ry’Ububiligi, ahanditse “Ububiligi” bakabihundura bakahandika “Uburundi”. Ubwo no mu kwigenera imishahara, abategetsi bo hejuru b’i Burundi ntibagendeye ku bushobozi buke bw’igihugu cyabo, ahubwo bageragezaga kuyihuza n’iya bagenzi babo bo mu Bubiligi!
Kwizirika umukanda byarakomeje mu Rwanda no kuri repubulika ya 2. Ntawagereranya ingoro abakuru b’ibihugu byinshi by’Afurika bikennye nk’Urwanda cyangwa kururusha bari bariyubakiye n’izo perezida Yuvenali Habyarimana yakoreragamo cyangwa yari atuyemo. Ize zari mu rwego ruciriritse, ndetse bamwe bakanavuga ngo “rwo hasi”, ariko amajyambere mu cyaro akiyongera.
Muri make, mu Rwanda rwari rumaze kubona ubwigenge le 01/07/1962, byose byarihutirwaga : mu buvuzi, uburezi, itumanaho, ibikorwa remezo, imibereho myiza y’abaturage n’ibindi byose. Kuvana mu Banyarwanda ibisigisi bya gihake ; kuvana ku izima abari barakamiwe n’ingoma ya gihake na gikolonize rugeretse, kubumvisha ko bashobora kubaho badatunzwe no kunyunyuza imitsi ya rubanda byari intambara ikomeye. Nk’aho ibyo bitari bihagije, hinyongereyeho n’ikibazo cy’umutekano gikomotse ku bitero by’Inyenzi. Tuzabiganiraho ubutaha.
Amahoro ku Banyarwanda bose
Padiri F. Rudakemwa.
Inyomeko :
Indirimbo yubahiriza igihugu yaririmbwe le 01/07/1962 yahimbwe na Bwana Michel Habarurema wayoboraga korali Abanyuramatwi.
1.Rwanda rwacu, Rwanda gihugu cyambyaye,
Ndakuratana ishyaka n’ubutwali.
Iyo nibutse ibigwi wagize kugeza ubu,
nshimira Abanyarwanashyaka bazanye Repubulika idahinyuka.
Bavandimwe b’uru Rwanda rwacu twese nimuhaguruke,
Turubumbatire mu mahoro, mu kuli, mu bwigenge no mu bwumvikane.
2.Impundu nizivuge mu Rwanda hose,
Republika yakuye ubuhake,
Ubukolonize bwagiye nk’ifuni iheze.
Shinga imuzi Demokarasi
Waduhaye kwitorera abategetsi.
Banyarwanda: abakuru
Namwe abato mwizihiye u Rwanda
Turubumbatire mu mahoro, mu kuli,
Mu bwigenge no mu bwumvikane.
3.Bavukarwanda mwese muvuze impundu,
Demokarasi yarwo iraganje.
Twayiharaniye rwose twese uko tungana.
Gatutsi, Gatwa na Gahutu namwe Banyarwanda bandi mwabyiyemeje,
Indepandansi twatsindiye
Twese hamwe tuyishyigikire,
Turubumbatire mu mahoro, mu kuli,
Mu bwigenge no mu bwumvikane.
4.Nimuze dusingize Ibendera ryacu.
Arakabaho na Prezida wacu.
Barakabaho abaturage b’iki Gihugu.
Intego yacu Banyarwanda
Twishyire kandi twizane mu Rwanda rwacu.
Twese hamwe, twunge ubumwe
Nta mususu dutere imbere ko,
Turubumbatire mu mahoro, mu kuli,
Mu bwigenge no mu bwumvikane.


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text:
1.Nuhura n’ikibazo jya ugerageza kwihangana wumve ko ibibi n’ibyiza bigomba gusimburana.
2.Jya ugerageza kubaho ufite intego mu buzima bwawe, uhore utekereza icyo wumva ugomba guharanira kugeraho kandi koko ukoreshe imbaraga n’umutima wawe wose ngo ubashe kukigeraho.
3.Jya wihutira kwemera ikosa igihe warikoze kandi uhite urisabira imbabazi bizagufasha mu mibanire yawe n’abandi kandi ntukumve ko gusaba imbabazi wakosheje bigusuzuguza ahubwo bikugaragaza nk’uwanga umugayo.
4.Umuntu nakugirira neza ntukabyibagirwe kandi kumushimira nabyo ni ingenzi. Jya umuzirikana kandi nubishobora umwiture inshuro nyinshi ibyo yagukoreye.
5.Icyo udafite ntukakibare mubyawe mu gihe utarakibona kandi n’icyo ufite intego yo kugeraho ntugacike intege kuko ntawe uvuma iritararenga.
6.Umuntu naguhemukira ntukigorere umutima umupangira kwihorera ahubwo ujye umwereka ko uri imfura we ahubwo bimutere kubona ububwa bwe no kwicuza, kuko umutima wuzuye uburakari no kwihorera wangiza nyirawo uwahemutse yiturije.
7.Ikikubaho ukabona ntacyo wagihinduraho ujye utuza ukireke cye kugutera umwanya, wumve ko ugomba kucyakira ukikomereza ubuzima ugatekereza icyakugirira akamaro.
8.Jya ugerageza buri munsi ushire hari icyo ugusigiye ryaba isomo ry’ubuzima cyangwa mu mutungo usanzwe, nujya usoza umunsi jya wicara utekereze aho wakoze neza n’aho wagize imbaraga nke ushake n’ingamba z’umunsi ukurikiyeho.
9.Niwunguka inshuti ujye uyubaha kandi uyifate neza kuko hari igihe yakugirira akamaro mu buzima buri imbere, burya ngo inshuti nziza yakurutira feza na zahabu.
10.Jya ushaka ubutunzi ariko ntubuhe agaciro kurusha inshuti n’abavandimwe kuko nicyo kiruta byose, kuko abavandimwe n’inshuti ni umutungo uhenze amafaranga n’ibindi bintu
bitabasha kugura.
11.Jya umenya ko umuryango wawe ari umugisha uwufate neza kuko hari benshi bawubuze ka

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text:
Nubwo bidakunze gutindwaho, hari impuguke mu by’imibanire zemeza ko ari ingenzi cyane kandi birafasha kumenya icyo umuntu mukundana yita gukunda no gukundwa ndetse n’uburyo abyakira byombi.
Mu gitabo cy’umwanditsi, Gary Chapman yise imikorere yumvikanisha urukundo ( Les 5 langages de l’amour), yasobanuye uburyo butanu urukundo ruvugwamo kandi rwumvikanamo, bikaba biba byiza abakundanye bumvikanye ku buryo bubashimisha n’ubutabanyura cyane muri ubwo buryo.
1. Guhabwa Impano
Umwanditsi Gary Chapman avuga ko hari abantu bumva ko bakunzwe iyo bahawe impano,yaba ntoya cyangwa nini, bakabifata nk’aho iyo mpano ari ikimenyesto simusiga ko bakunzwe.
Kuri bene uwo muntu n’iyo wavuga iki cyangwa ugakora ibindi bintu byinshi ariko nta mpano umuha abifata nkaho utamukunda.
2. Kumarana umwanya n’umukunzi
Hari abandi bantu bumva ko bakunzwe ari uko bamaranye umwanya n’abakunzi babo. Bene abo ushobora kubazanira impano ntibayihe agacro ko ijyanye n’urukundo ubakunda kuko kuri bo gukundwa bihwanye no kubaha umwanya ukababa hafi kabone n’iyo mwaba mutavugana kuko ari byo bibanezeza bakumva bakunzwe cyane.
3. Kubwirwa amagambo meza
Iki gitabo cy’uyu mwanditsi kigaragaza ko hari abandi bumva ko bakunzwe iyo ubabwiye neza cyangwa ubabwiye amagambo meza. Icyo gihe barishima, bagaseka , hari n’abarira (ushobora nko kumubwira uti nkunda ukuntu ugira gahunda, agahita aseka ati « Yoo, koko se nibyo,uziko unkunda disi ni ukuri ndishimye …»).
Nubwo yaba akeneye guhabwa impano cyangwa kubona umukunzi we hafi, bene nta kindi kintu abakeneye cyane mu rukundo nko guhora umubwira urukundo no kumubwira amagambo meza amwubaka mwaba muri kumwe cyangwa mutari kumwe.
4. Gukorerwa ikintu runaka
Gary Chapman yasobanuye ko uburyo bwa kane bwo kumva ko umuntu akunzwe ari ugukorerwa ikintu runaka nko mutekera, kumumesera, kumutwaza isakoshi, kumwoza ibiganza, ku mucira inzara, ku musokoza, kumuterera ipasi n’ibindi. Usanga bene abo abantu bavuga bati « Uzi ko runaka ankunda ! Yankoreye ibi n’ibi, ni ukuri arankunda …»
5. Gukoranaho
Gary Chapman yasobanuye ko uburyo bwa gatanu umuntu yumvamo ko akunzwe ari ugukorwaho. Uzasanga hari abaganira bafatanye mu biganza, cyangwa umwe akora undi mu musatsi, amushima mu nzara n’ibindi. Icyo gihe umuntu wumva ko akunzwe ari uko akozweho kumukorera ibindi byose atabihereza agaciro cyane.
Umwanditsi Gary Chapman yongeraho ko ari gake cyane uzasanga abakundana umusore n’inkumi bumva gukundwa kimwe, umwe ashobora kuba yakwita urukundo guhabwa impano naho undi akumva ko akunzwe ari uko yabwiwe amagambo meza.
Gary atanga inama ko ari byiza kwiga mugenzi wawe ukamenya icyo yita gukundwa bityo urukundo rukabaryohera mwese. Mushobora gutandukana wibwira ko ntacyo utakoze nyamara icyo we yita gukundwa utarakigezeho.
Avuga ko kugira ngo umenye icyo mugenzi wawe yita gukundwa ari uko wagerageza ubwo buryo bwose bwavuzwe noneho ukareba ikinezeza umukunzi wawe kurusha ibindi akaba aricyo ujya wibandaho kurusha ibindi.
Icyakora ngo kuba umuntu yakumva gukundwa mu buryo bumwe ntibivuze ko n’ibindi utabimukorera ariko ukibanda ku cyo yiyumvamo cyane , nk’urugero umukunzi wawe ashobora kuba yumva ko akunzwe ari uko ahawe impano ibyo ntibivuuze ko wamwima umwanya wo kuganira , kubwirwa amagambo meza n’ibindi byose biruzuzanya.
Ibitekerezo bya benshi mu bagerageza gukundana byemeza ko urukundo rwakonje ndetse rutakibaho kuko rugendana n’inyungu, ku buryo hari n’abakorerana ibi bimenyetso by’urukundo barikiye inyungu z’amafaranga cyangwa ubundi butunzi, byose bisaba ubushishozi.


text:
Tumukunde Emmanuel na Kigenza Eddy ni bamwe mu bana babaga ku muhanda bakaza kuhakurwa n’umugiraneza Jean Paul Ndayishimiye Migambi, akajya kubarera, aba bombi bavuga ko bari barajyanywe mu muhanda n’ubuzima bubi bari babayemo iwabo.
Tumukunde w’imyaka 16 uvuka mu karere ka Nyaruguru ngo yabonaga ubuzima bwo mu muhanda buruta ubw’iwabo, ariko ko na none butari bwiza agereranije n’ubwo abayemo ubu agashima uwabumugejejeho, ndetse ngo na we azafasha nk’uko yafashijwe. Ati: “Jean Paul wamvanye ku muhanda we nzamusabira umugisha ku Mana ntacyo nabona muha, Mbona kuba mba hano nyine ari nk’Imana yabishatse yankuye ahantu habi, erega mu muhanda buriya mba mbona nta buzima buhaba! None se kuba wararyaga wambara ariko ukaba nta cyerekezo ufite nta shuri wiga, urumva ko ntacyo biba bimaze. Ubu mfite icyerekezo cyo kuzakura nkaba umugabo nanjye nkagira abo nzafasha nk’uko nanjye nafashijwe.”
Uyu kandi avuga ko namara kuba umugabo n’iwabo azabazamura, ibyo ahurizaho na mugenzi we Kigenza na we uvuga ko yajyanywe mu muhanda n’imibereho mibi yari iwabo kuko yakuze asanga se acuruza ibiyobyabwenge akaza gufungwa undi akarerwa na mukase bakaza kunaniranwa akigira mu muhanda, gusa ngo nagira icyo ageraho azafasha se dore ko nyina we atamuzi.
Kigenza kandi avuga ko ubuzima bwe ubu bwahindutse ari naho ahera ashima uwamukuye ku muhanda. Ati: “Ubuzima bwa mbere y’uko nza hano bwari bubi, mbura ukuntu niga bituma nsubira inyuma n’abo twiganye baransize, ubuzima bwo mu muhanda butandukanye n’ubwo ndimo hano, numva ningira icyo ngeraho nzazamura na papa, naho Jean Paul we sinabona icyo mushimira namusabira umugisha ku mana.”
Jean Paul Ndayishimiye Migambi urera aba bana avuga ko yagize iki gitekerezo nyuma yo kumara igihe yitegereza ubuzima bw’abana bari mu muhanda akumva agize igitekerezo cyo gutanga umusanzu wo kugirango icyo kibazo kigabanuke, ni ko gushinga umuryango UpChild-Rwanda organization ushinzwe gufasha abana gutegura ejo hazaza heza, ubu rero ngo yishimira ko bamubereye abana beza, kandi ngo imibereho yabo bayikesha Imana kuko nta bundi bufasha buhambaye babona. Agira ati: “Ni abana banjye, ni abana beza banyumva, usigira inshingano bakazubahiriza, ubufasha bwa mbere tubuhabwa n’Imana, icyo dukuramo ni umugisha. Gusa hari igihe umuntu aza nk’inshuti akadusura nk’urugero akavuga ati uku kwezi stock ni iyanjye…”.
Ubuyobozi bw’akarere ka Huye buvuga ko n’ubwo butarabageraho ngo bubafashe ariko bubazirikana ko kandi icya mbere ari ukubashishikariza kujya mu miryango yabo. Umuyobozi w’akarere wungirije ushinzwe imibereho myiza y’abaturage Kankesha Annonciata, agira ati “Ni igikorwa gikomeye cyane akwiye n’irindi shimwe rirenze kumufasha kubatunga kuko n’ubundi arabatunze, ubundi ntabwo ari ikigo ni ubugiraneza yagize kuko ibigo bifata abana byavuyeho kugirango umwana arererwe mu muryango. Umwaka utaha tuzaba twagize icyo dukora, tuzaganira na we tumubaze icyo twamukorera n’icyo twakorera abana.”
Batangiye ibiganiro n’abana ari benshi haza kuvamo abumva inyigisho bataha iwabo, abandi birabananira bisubirira ku mihanda, kuri ubu Migambi arera abana 9, umukuru afite imyaka 16 ari mu mwaka wa kane, umuto afite 9 ari mu wa kabiri, bose biga mu mashuri abanza.


text:
Sobanukirwa byinshi ku izina Roger rihabwa abahungu n'ibiranga abaryitwa.
Roger ni izina rihabwa umwana w’umuhungu, rifite inkomoko mu Kidage, ku izina Hrodger, aho risobanura 'umurwanyi w’icyamamare'.
Mu gifaransa bamwita Roger naho mucyesipanyoro bamwita Rogelio.
Bimwe mu biranga ba Roger
Roger aba ari umunyedini, ushakisha ukuri kandi akabishishikariza n’abandi.
Roger aba ari umuntu uzi gukunda akamenya kubivuga no kubigaragaza, ariko akarakazwa n’ubusa.
Ni umuntu witanga,w’umunyamurava, ukundwa kandi uzi gukunda.
Bitewe n’ukuntu agira ubumuntu kandi akagira impuhwe no gutanga, Roger ashobora gutegekwa kandi akabikora.
Arangwa n’ibikorwa by’ubumuntu, aba afite ibitekerezo byagutse kandi areba kure.
Roger akunze kuba ari umuntu w’ibigango munini kandi ari na mwiza.
Mu rukundo, akunda ibintu byo gutetesha, gusomana n’ibindi.
Roger agerageza amahirwe yose, iyo bimwe byanze ntacika intege ashakishiriza ahandi. Ntabwo ajya agira ikintu akora atagiteguye, niyo abigerageje biramwangira.
Gushidikanya ni ibintu bimubamo ,usanga adapfa kwemera ahubwo ashidikanya ku bintu byose.
Src:www.nameberry.com


text:
U Rwanda rwubatswe n’abana barwo ; bitanze, bakoze ibikorwa byindashyikirwa, babuze ubuzima, bakunze igihugu, bagize umutima wa kigabo, bagize ubumuntu.Ubu barabishimirwa, ni intwari zibukwa mu gihugu hose.
Ni yo mpamvu abo bana b’abanyarwanda, izo ntwari z’igihugu babishimirwa, bibukwaTariki ya 1 Gashyantare buri mwaka kugirango bashimirwe, bunamirwe kubera urugero rwiza rw’ubutwari bagize.
Intwari zishyirwa mu byiciro n’Urwego rw’igihugu rushinzwe Intwari z’igihugu, imidali n’impeta by’ishimwe(CHENO).
Dore inzego z’Intwari z’u Rwanda:
Urwego rw’Intwari z’Imanzi
Urwego rw’intwari z’Imanzi ni rwo ruri hejuru rukaba rugizwe n’intwari zaranzwe n’ibikorwa bidasanzwe birimo no guhara ubuzima mu rwego rwo kwitangira igihugu.
Uru rwego rurimo intwari zitakiriho; Major General Fred Gisa Rwigema, watangije urugamba rwo kubohora igihugu Tariki ya 1 Ukwakira 1990 ndetse n’ Ingabo itazwi izina yatoranyijwe mu zindi ngabo zemeye guhara ubuzima bwazo kandi zitabashije kumenyekana ku buryo bwihariye, ihagarariye kandi ingabo zose z’u Rwanda zaguye ku rugamba cyangwa zashoboraga kurugwaho mu gihe cyahise, icy’ubungubu n’ikizaza zirwanira igihugu.
Urwego rw’Intwari z’Imena
Urwego rw’Intwari z’Inema kigizwe n’intwari zarazwe n’ibikorwa by’intangarugero birimo kwitanga.
Ni urwego rurimo intwari 51,hari abitabye Imana ndetse n’abakiriho, rugizwe n’intwari Umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa ,Intwari Michel Rwagasana, Intwari Uwilingiyimana Agatha, Intwari Félicité Niyitegeka n’Intwari z’Abanyeshuri b’I Nyange (40 bariho,7 bitabye imana).
Urwego rw’Intwari z’Ingenzi
Urwego rw’Intwari z’Ingenzi ,ni intwari ifite ibitekerezo byiza cyangwa ibikorwa byindashyikirwa birangwa n’ubwitange, bifite akamaro kanini kandi biri ku rwego rwo hejuru.
Nta ntwari iraboneka ngo ishyirwe muri uru rwego.
Umunsi w’intwari wizihizwa buri mwaka Tariki ya 1 Gashyantare kuva mu 1999, mbere(1994-1998) uyu munsi wizihizwaga Tariki ya 1 Ukwakira ugahuzwa n’umunsi wo Gukunda igihugu.


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[wptab name=’Isomo rya 1: Habakuki 1′]
Isomo ryo mu gitabo cy’umuhanuzi Habakuki 1,2-3; 2,2-4
Uhoraho, nzagutabaza kugeza ryari, utanyumva,
[/wptab]
[wptab name=’Zaburi ya 94(95)’]
Zaburi ya 94(95), 1-2, 6-7ab, 7d-8a.9
Nimuze, tuvugirize impundu Uhoraho,
turirimbe Urutare rudukiza;
tumuhinguke imbere tumurata,
tumuririmbire ibisingizo.
Nimwinjire, duhine umugongo twuname;
dutere ivi imbere y’Uhoraho waturemye.
Kuko we ari Imana yacu,
naho twe tukaba imbaga yo mu rwuri rwe,
Iyaba uyu munsi mwakundaga mukumva ijwi rye!
«Ntimunangire umutima wanyu nk’i Meriba,
aho abasekuruza banyu banyinjaga,
aho bangeragerezaga, n’ubwo bari barabonye ibikorwa byanjye.
[/wptab]
[wptab name=’Isomo rya 2: 2 Timote 1′]
Isomo ryo mu ibaruwa ya kabiri Pawulo intumwa yandikiye Timote 1,6-8.13-14
Ni cyo gituma ngusabye kwivugururamo ingabire Imana yagushyizemo igihe nkuramburiyeho ibiganza. Koko rero, Imana ntiyaduhaye umutima wuje ubwoba, ahubwo yaduhaye umutima wuje imbaraga, urukundo no kwitsinda. Ntuzagire rero isoni zo kubera umwami wacu umuhamya, cyangwa se ngo ugire isoni kubera jyewe ufunzwe ari We nzira, ahubwo ujye ufatanya nanjye kuruhira Inkuru Nziza, ushyigikiwe n’imbaraga z’Imana. Jya wigisha ukurikije amagambo aboneye wanyumvanye, urangwe n’ukwemera n’urukundo ufitiye Kristu Yezu. Komeza rero ibyiza waragijwe, Roho Mutagatifu utuye muri twe abigufashemo.
[/wptab]
[end_wptabset]


text:
Umuhanzi ukunzwe cyane Yvan Buravan yateye ubwoba abamukurikira kumbuga nkoranyambaga ze ubwo yashyiraga hanze ifoto ateruye inzoka, benshi bamwita umupfumu.
Atagira yakoresheje magambo yo muri Bibiliya aboneka mu gitabo cya Mariko 16:17-19 agira ati “17. Dore kandi n’ibimenyetso bizaranga abazaba bemeye: mu izina ryanjye bazirukana roho mbi, bazavuga indimi nshya, 18. bazafata inzoka; nibagira kandi icyo banywa cyica, nta cyo kizabatwara; bazaramburira ibiganza ku barwayi bakire.»
Thank you lord Jesus.
Can I get an Amen!
Ni ifoto imaze gukundwa n’abantu barenga ibihumbi 10 ndetse abarenga 200 bashyizeho ibitekerezo byabo, bamwe bati ’wabaye umupfumu rwose, abandi bandi uzanywe n’uburozi urebe ko ntacyo buzagutwara’. Uwitwa Ngoga yagize ati: ’’Eeeeh hasigaye kunywa uburozi tukareba ko urokoka.’’ Undi witwa Bongo yagize ati: ’’Imana ibwira Mose ngo uzakubite inkoni yawe hasi izaba inzoka nicyo kizemeza ko ari Imana yagutumye, maze Mose arayibwira ati ’ariko n’abapfumu barabikora’".


text:
Yanditswe na Emmanuel Senga
Uko u Rwanda ruyobowe muri iki gihe biteye impungenge: abari ku butegetsi barivuga ibigwi ko bateje imbere igihugu, abari hanze bagaya imiyoborere y’ubwo butegetsi barasanga bitinze ngo buveho, abaturage bo bahebeye urwaje baricwa n’inzara, barafungwa cyangwa se bakicwa barashwe, bakubiswe cyangwa bishwe n’imibereho mibi, irimo n’uburoko. Amaherezo azaba ayahe? Uru ruvange rw’ibibazo ruzabonerwa umuti ryari?
Kugira ngo dusobanukirwe n’ibi bibazo turabanza dusobanure ubutegetsi bw’igitugu buri mu Rwanda, twerekane ko ari ubutegetsi bwihisha inyuma y’Itegeko Nshinga ryavuguruwe ku mayeri y’umunyagitugu wicaye hejuru y’u Rwanda nk’uwakwicara hejuru y’inzu yiyubakiye, maze akiruhutsa ati nakoze akazi. Iyi nyandiko tuzakora ku buryo bukomeza, tugenda tubagezaho imisesengurire inyuranye ya buri ntambwe yubaka igitugu, na buri ntambwe yashobora kugisimbuza ubutegetsi bwiza. Hejuru y’ibyo twabonye kandi tuzi, tuzifashisha n’ibyo tugenda tuvoma ku bandi banditse cyangwa basesenguye ibibazo nk’ibi dufite mu Rwanda.
Muri iki gice, ntitwinjira mu ngingo zigize Itegeko Nshinga, nta nubwo dusubira mu byahindutse muri iri tegeko, kubera ko byanditsweho byinshi kandi by’ukuri, ko nta mpamvu n’imwe yari ihari yo gukoresha “referendum” ngo haboneke icyuho cyo gutsimbarara ku butegetsi. Ahubwo turerekana amayeri yihishe inyuma y’iryo tegeko, amayeri yahindutse igikangisho ngo mu Rwanda ubutegetsi bwifitemo demokarasi, amashyaka menshi yahawe uburenganzira bwo kwandikwa, ngo ubutabera buratangwa kandi mu by’ukuri nta tegeko rikoreshwa mu Rwanda, byose ni amabwiriza ya Perezida wa Repubulika ashyirwa mu bikorwa.
Amateka atwigisha ko nta na rimwe u Rwanda rwagendeye ku mategeko, haba mu gihe cya cyami cyangwa mu bihe bya Repubulika. Kabone no kuri Repubulika ya kabiri, ubwo havukaga inkubiri y’amashyaka menshi, na yo yaje kwisanga mu mage y’intambara bitaratera kabiri.
Ugufata ubutegetsi kwa FPR inyuze mu mivu y’amaraso nta cyo byahinduye, ahubwo yabishubije irudubi, kuko n’amashyaka yari yaravutse, amwe yarayajimije burundu (urugero nka MDR yasheshwe mbere y’amatora ya perezida wa repubulika yabaye mu w’2003), andi iyacamo ibice (urugero nka PS Imberakuri), byose igira ngo ikomeze iyobore yonyine.
Kubigeraho yabifashijwe n’igitugu cyimitswe na Perezida wayo, maze abanyarwanda bagitiza umurindi batabizi. Ariko nubwo abanyarwanda bagitiza umurindi batabizi, baracyumva kandi barakibona buri munsi. Uwimakaje igitugu akomeza guhimba amayeri yo kugikomeza, ngo akunde arambe ku ngoma. Ndemeza ntibeshya ko abanyarwanda bafashe umwanya muto bagatekereza imiterere y’icyo gitugu n’imikorere yacyo, ntibatinda no kubona ko kirangwa n’ibikorwa bibi, bityo bakihitiramo inzira y’ubutegetsi bubereye u Rwanda.Uwubatse ubutegetsi bw’igitugu, afite uburyo yakoresheje, ni yo mpamvu no kukivanaho hagomba ubundi buryo. Si na ngombwa kunyura mu ntambara.
Nk’uko nabivuze igitugu gishingira ku myemerere y’abaturage, bakakirebera kigakomeza kigakura, kugeza nubwo babona ko badashobora kukigobotora. Nyamara umuntu afashe umwanya agapima imbaraga zacyo, akazisesengura yakwibonera we ubwe uko yakivanaho, kikabererekera ubuyobozi bwiza kandi bukorera abanyarwanda bose, ntawuhejwe. Sindota ndavuga ibintu nemera kandi nzagenda nsobanura gahoro gahoro.
Igitugu cyubakwa ku nkingi y’iterabwoba.
Hose ku isi imikorere ni imwe, igitugu cyubakirwa ku musingi w’iterabwoba, maze uko rigenda rikazwa, abaturage bakarushaho kugira ubwoba, ariko ari na ko igitugu kigenda cyegera gushiramo imbaraga. Aha rero ni ho abagiteye imboni bakakigizayo ku buryo butangaza nyiri igitugu cyangwa abamuriraho. Tuzagira igihe cyo gutanga ingero zishimangira ibyo tuvuga
Mu Rwanda ndibanda ku gitugu cya FPR na Perezida wayo, si ngombwa gusubira inyuma mu butegetsi bwabanje, kuko ibyo mvuga kuri ubu butegetsi wabisanga no mu bwabanje. Igitugu cya FPR cyatangiranye n’uburyo yafashe ubutegetsi, ni ukuvuga mu maraso no mu miborogo. Intambara yatangiye mu Ukwakira 1990, ishojwe n’Inkotanyi yateye urujijo rwinshi mu banyarwanda, isobanurwa ku buryo bujijisha cyane bayita intambara yo kubohoza igihugu n’abanyarwanda. Ndetse ndemeza ko n’abayirwanaga bo ku ruhande rwa FPR ni ko babyumvaga, ariko abenshi bamaze kubona ko bibeshye. Abasirikari bayirwanye , cyane abo hasi wongeye ukayibasubizamo ntibakwitanga uko babikoze, kubera ko ibyo bari biteze si byo babonye. Abenshi bari bazi ko bagiye kugira uburenganzira, bakamererwa neza, bakabona igihugu cyabo, bakishyira bakizana, ariko abatarayiguyemo bishwe n’abari babashinzwe ubu bumanye n’imbunda, bameze nk’abarazwe intambara. Bungutse iki? Sinkizi. Ku rundi ruhande ariko, abayobozi babo, na bo batapfuye kubera amatiku ashyira indonke, ubu ni bo bitwa ko bungutse, kuko babona bafite ibintu batigeze batunga mu buzima bwabo. Ariko ikibazo kibari ku mutwe ni kugeza ryari?
Mbere yo gukomeza, nimwiyumvire aya majwi y’uherutse kwinjizwa muri guverinoma, ni Evode Uwizeyimana, mu myaka ishize akivuga ukuri ku kaga n’akababaro abanyarwanda bashyizwemo n’ubutegetsi bubi.
Ibi bitekerezo bya Evode Uwizeyimana n’ibisobanuro abiha birumvikana neza, ndetse byakagombye kuba ibisobanuro byashingirwaho ngo mu Rwanda haze ubwiyunge nyabwo. Ibi kandi ni n’ibitekerezo usanga mu banyarwanda bakurikiranira hafi uko byifashe mu gihugu. Ikigaragara ni uko ibyo bitekerezo Leta itabikozwa. Aha rero ni ho hari intangiriro y’igitugu, kuko ukuri ntikuvugwa, kurazinzikwa, kubera ko ibyabaye mu Rwanda ubwabyo byihishemo imbarutso y’ubwoba budashira. Ubu bwoba budashira ni bwo igitugu Kagame ashingiraho akakidanangira, ahasigaye akagikangisha. Ni na yo mpamvu jenoside yitabazwa aho ari ho hose haba igihe ashaka imfashanyo mu mahanga, haba iyo ashaka gukangaranya abanyarwanda bose, ari ab’imbere, baba abahutu cyangwa abatutsi; cyangwa se ab’inyuma y’u Rwanda babarizwa mu mpunzi. Iki kintu cy’igihu cyeyurutse, kigashakirwa ibisobanuro byumvikana, ni ho ubwoba bwahera bushira, kandi ni na cyo gihe abanyarwanda babona uko basezerera icyo gitugu. Nk’uko hari n’abandi banyarwanda, usanga bagaragaza umuzi w’ibibazo, muri iri jambo rya Evode Uwizeyimana ryakagombye kuba icyaherwaho, kugira ngo abantu batekereze ku cyavanaho icyo gitugu, gusa ntimuzatangazwe n’ibindi bisobanuro Evode Uwizeyimana yavuze amaze kugaruka mu Rwanda, bamaze kumuhuma amaso no kumugabira umwanya mu butegetsi; wagira ngo yahindutse undi muntu abanyarwanda batigeze bumva. Nk’uko na Bonifasi Rucagu asigaye abyigamba, ubanza koko iyozabwonko rikorerwa k’uwiyemeje kubayoboka. Uru rero ni urugero rugaragara rw’abakomeza igitugu. Tuzabigarukaho mu gice gitaha, aho tuzakomeza kugaragaza ibindi byerekana imiterere y’ubutegetsi bw’igitugu dufite mu Rwanda n’ingaruka bifite ku mibereho y’abaturage.
(biracyaza)


text:
Icyo cyaha yagikoze ubwo yajyaga kureba umukecuru w’inshuti ye ngo ajye amufasha imirimo yo mu rugo avuye mu Karere ka Nyabihu, ahageze ahasanga umwuzukuru we w’umuhungu w’imyaka 14 wabanaga na Nyirakuru, baramumuha ngo bajye bararana ku buriri bumwe kuko inzu yari ntoya, ari bwo uwo mugore yahise yigarurira uwo mwana akajya arara amusambanya.
Mu gihe gito umwana yaje kubwira Nyirakuru ko uwo mugore bigeza nijoro agacunga asinziriye akamukuramo imyenda akamusambanya ariko kuko yari amaze gusaza ntiyabasha kubyumva ni bwo umwana abyibwiriye Umukuru w’Umudugudu bahita biyambaza inzego z’umutekano atabwa muri yombi.
Mu kwisobanura kwe uyu mugore ahakana icyaha aregwa, nyamara mu Bugenzacyaha yarabyemeraga nta gahato ndetse akanasobanura uko yabigenje.
Ubu uregwa afungiye kuri sitasiyo ya polisi i Byumba.
Ku itariki ya 16 Nzeri 2021, ubushinjacyaha bwamuregeye urukiko bumusabira gufungwa by’agateganyo iminsi 30.
Icyo cyaha nikimuhama azahanishwa ingingo ya 4 y’Itegeko nimero 69/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/2019 rihindura itegeko nimero 68/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. Urubanza ruzasomwa tariki 23 Nzeri 2021 saa mbili za mu gitondo.


text:
Ubu bukangurambaga buzamara amezi abiri, RRA yabutangije igamije kurushaho gusobanurira abacuruzi b’ingeri zose uburyo bushya bwa EBM bwashyizweho nk’igisubizo ku bacuruzi bose kuko buri wese ubu ashobora guhabwa uburyo bunogeye ubucuruzi akora.
Kugeza ubu hari uburyo butandukanye bwa EBM bufasha abacuruzi bo mu byiciro byose gutanga inyemezabuguzi nta mbogamizi. Muri bwo harimo EBM ishyirwa muri telefoni, igatanga fagitire ikoresheje ubutumwa bugufi (SMS), EBM wasanga kuri internet “Online EBM” unyuze kuri website ya RRA, hakaba kandi na EBM ishyirwa muri mudasobwa ku byiciro binyuranye by’abasora.
Ukeneye bumwe mu buryo bushya abuhabwa atiriwe ava aho ari, kuko aca ku rubuga rwa RRA akuzuza amakuru asabwa, hanyuma akongeraho ibyangombwa bisabwa, aribyo ibaruwa isaba yandikiwe umuyobozi wa EBM, fotokopi y’indangamuntu, ndetse n’icyemezo cy’uko ubucuruzi bwe bwanditse muri RDB, cyangwa kopi imenyesha iyandikwa ry’ubucuruzi (TIN) igihe ubucuruzi butandikishirijwe muri RDB.
Ubu buryo bwose bwashyizweho kugira ngo bifashe abacuruzi bose, harimo n’abajyaga binubira gutunga EBM kubera ko bisaba umuntu kugura imashini zo gukoresha kandi akora ubucuruzi buciriritse bikaba byaba imbogamizi kuri we.
Ikigo cy’Imisoro n’Amahoro cyatekereje ko abo bacuruzi bato, nabo bakoresha EBM hifashishijwe porogaramu yo muri telefoni kandi ngo kugeza ubu birimo gutanga umusaruro.
Muri 2019, hasohotse itegeko rigena ko n’abantu batabaruye muri TVA batangira gukoresha EBM mu bikorwa byabo bya buri munsi. Ni ukuvuga ko umucuruzi wese, yaba ubona umusaruro wa miliyoni 20 cyangwa eshatu z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda ku mwaka, afite inshingano zo gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rya EBM atanga inyemezabuguzi.
Umuhuzabikorwa wa EBM muri RRA, Mbera Emmy, yabwiye IGIHE ko ubukangurambaga bugamije guhamagarira buri wese gutunga no gukoresha EBM kuko biri mu nyungu z’umuguzi n’umucuruzi.
Yagize ati “Inyemezabuguzi burya hari abantu babiri ifitiye akamaro. Harimo umuguzi, iriya nyemezabuguzi ni iye, ni urupapuro rumuha uburenganzira ko ibyo yaguze ari ibye, iyo adafite inyemezabuguzi bishobora kwitwa forode cyangwa ubujura ariko iyo ufite igipapuro cyemeza ko waguze serivisi cyangwa igicuruzwa biguhesha uburenganzira ko waguze icyo gicuruzwa. Kuko ikoze mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga ku buryo amakuru ayirimo ahita ajya muri RRA.”
Yavuze kandi ko gukoresha EBM harimo gukorera mu mucyo no koroshya ubucuruzi ndetse no kugira ngo amafaranga Leta ibona, akoreshwe mu rugamba rw’iterambere ryifuzwa.
Ati “Impamvu batafashe EBM mbere byashingiraga ku bushobozi. Ese uyu muntu tugiye kumubwira ngo agure imashini afite ubwo bushobozi? Icya kabiri tukareba niba EBM ihari ijyanye n’ubushobozi bwe, urwego rw’imirimo ye n’imiterere yayo. Bituma nk’ikigo dushyiraho uburyo bworoshye ku kijyanye n’ikiguzi ariko na none buhuye n’imiterere y’ubucuruzi. Ubwo dufite ubu buryo nta muntu n’umwe ukwiye kuvuga ngo yabuze uburyo bwo gutunga EBM."
N’ubwo bimeze bityo ariko, hari n’abacuruzi bitwikira umutaka wo gutanga inyemezabuguzi mpimbano, aho usanga harimo igiciro kitari cyo, gutanga inyemezabuguzi itari iya EBM ndetse no kutayitanga.
Mbera yavuze ko hari ibihano biteganyijwe ku bantu badakoresha EBM ndetse n’abayikoresha mu buryo butari bwo, birimo gucibwa amande angana na 200.000 Frw kandi ayo mafaranga acibwa umuntu udakoresha EBM mu bucuruzi bwe, gucibwa amande ku bicuruzwa byacurujwe hadatanzwe inyemezabuguzi ya EBM, gufungirwa ibikorwa iminsi 30 n’ibindi.
Yasabye abacuruzi ko baharanira kwirinda guhura n’ibyo bihano kuko bigira ingaruka ku bucuruzi bwabo, anasaba abaguzi guhora basaba inyemezabuguzi ya EBM mu maguriro bahahiramo mu rwego rwo gukomeza gutanga umusanzu wabo mu iterambere ry’igihugu.
Abacuruzi bakoresha EBM bemeza ko yabahinduriye uburyo bw’imikorere by’umwihariko mu gukora imibare y’ibyacurujwe no kwandika za fagitire zandikishije ikaramu zashoboraga no guteza ibihombo.
Abakorera mu mujyi wa Kigali mu gace ka Nyabugogo bagaragaje ko bitabiriye kuzikoresha kandi ko babona impinduka nyinshi mu iterambere ry’ibikorwa byabo.
Umwe mu baganiriye na IGIHE afite EBM ibaruye kuri Brothers Efforts Company, yavuze ko gutanga inyemezabuguzi ya EBM azi akamaro kabyo bityo ko atabura kuyitanga.
Ati "Urebye twavuga ko yoroheje imirimo. Icyakora mu bijyaye n’imibare na none iragufasha cyane kuko ikurinda bya bihombo bya hato na hato. Hari nk’igihe usanga umuguzi ahise yigendera atayigusabye, icyo gihe turamukurikira cyangwa tukayisohora ikaba iri aho ngaho ku buryo yagaruka akayibona cyane ko natwe bidufasha mu gihe cyo kumenyekanisha imisoro."
Ni ibintu yahuriyeho na bagenzi be barimo ufite EBM ibaruye kuri Limona Trading ltd n’ufite ibaruye kuri Muhigi trading, bahamagarira bagenzi babo bataratangira kuzikoresha kubyitabira kuko ari ingirakamaro.
Umuguzi witwa Hishamunda Nelly wari uvuye kurangura imyenda yo gucuruza mu mujyi rwagati , yabwiye IGIHE ko iteka ryose atagenda adasabye inyemezabuguzi ya EBM kuko ari yo yemeza ko ibyo yaguze ari ibye koko.
Ati "Buri gihe iyo mvuye kurangura nsaba inyemezabuguzi ya EBM, kubera ko ubu bamfashe ntayifite nta cyaba kigaragaza ko ibyo naguze ari ibyanjye koko; ubwo rero nyisaba kugira ngo ngire umutekano w’ibintu byanjye ariko ndanabizi ko hari umusanzu mba ntanze ku gihugu."
Kugeza ubu mu Rwanda habarurwa abacuruzi batanditse muri TVA basaga ibihumbi ijana. Mu 2020 abagera kuri 75.000 ni bo bamenyekanishije umusoro ku nyungu ariko badafite EBM.
Abishyura umusoro ku nyungu ni abacuruza nibura hejuru ya miliyoni ebyiri ku mwaka. Muri abo bacuruzi abamaze gufata EBM bangana ni 7356 mu gihe RRA ifite intego yo kuba muri Kanama 2022 bazaba bageze nibura ku 30.000.
Mu 2013 ni bwo gahunda yo gutanga inyemezabuguzi ya EBM yatangiye bituma imitangire y’umusoro ku nyongeragaciro (TVA) irushaho kuba myiza.
Icyo gihe byasabaga ko umuntu wese wanditse muri TVA agomba gutunga no gukoresha EBM ndetse kugeza ubu 98% by’abari muri TVA basigaye bakoresha EBM mu gutanga inyemezabuguzi.
RRA itangaza ko igihe hari amakuru ku mikoreshereze mibi ya EBM nko kwanga gutanga inyemezabuguzi itanzwe na EBM cyangwa gutanga inyemezabuguzi itanzwe na EBM iriho agaciro kadahwanye n’agaciro k’ibyaguzwe, ashobora gutangwa ku buryo bworoshye uhamagaye ku murongo utishyurwa washyiriweho kurwanya magendu 3005.


text:
Umubano w’u Rwanda n’u Bushinwa watangiye tariki 12 Ugushyingo 1971. Kuva ubwo ibihugu byombi byinjiye mu bufatanye mu nzego zitandukanye zigamije iteramnbere ryungukira impande zombi.
Mu kwishimira uwo mubano no kuwubagarira ngo ejo hazaza ukomeze kuba mwiza, Ambasade y’u Bushinwa mu Rwanda yateguye irushanwa ry’amafoto agaragaza umubano mwiza ibihugu byombi bifitanye.
Ni amafoto y’umwimerere agaragaza abantu, inkuru cyangwa se ibyagezweho mu mubano w’u Rwanda n’u Bushinwa. Ashobora no kuba amafoto agaragaza umwihariko w’u Rwanda n’abarutuye, umuco, ubwiza bw’igihugu, amateka n’ibindi.
Abo amafoto yabo azatsinda, bazahembwa. Ku mwanya wa mbere hazahembwa abantu batatu, umwanya wa kabiri hahembwe batanu naho ku mwanya wa gatatu hahembwe abantu umunani. Hari abandi bantu icumi bazahembwa ku bw’amafoto meza bashyize mu irushanwa.
Ibihembo bizatangwa birimo telefone zigezweho [smart phones], mobile hard drives, digital photo frames n’izindi mpano zitandukanye ziturutse mu Bushinwa.
Kohereza amafoto bizakorwa guhera tariki 14 Nzeri kugeza ku wa 15 Ukwakira. Gutoranya abatsinze bizakorwa hagati ya 16 Ukwakira kugeza ku wa 1 Ugushyingo. Guhera tariki 20 kugeza ku wa 30 Ukwakira, hazakorwa amatora yo kuri internet.
Mu ntangiriro z’Ugushyingo ni bwo hazabaho umuhango wo guhemba abahize abandi no kumurika ibihangano bohereje.
Ushaka kwinjira mu marushanwa asabwa kohereza ifoto imwe yafashe cyangwa se itsinda ry’amafoto abiri cyangwa atatu mu gihe ari amafoto mbarankuru. Mu kohereza amafoto, uwohereza ashyiraho incamake y’amafoto yohereje, ni ukuvuga aho yafatiwe, ibiyigize, uwayifashe, umwirondoro harimo nimero za telefoni na email.
Kwinjira mu irushanwa, ibyavuzwe haruguru byoherezwa kuri email: [email protected] Umutwe wa email ugomba kuba ugizwe n’izina ry’uwohereza n’izina ry’ifoto yafashe.
Amafoto yemerewe koherezwa ni ameze neza atarimo ubusambanyi, ubugizi bwa nabi, ivangura rishingiye ku ruhu cyangwa idini kandi igomba kuba atari ifoto yamamaza.
Ifoto zoherezwa nta kintu kigomba kuba cyanditsemo hagati. Ufotora ashobora kwifashisha igikoresho icyo aricyo cyose. Icyakora, amafoto yakorewe muri mudasobwa ntiyemewe, keretse nko kwifashisha mudasobwa ugabanya cyangwa wongera ingano y’ifoto no kongera cyangwa kugabanya urumuri. Ifoto igomba kuba ifite ubunini buri hejuru ya 300dpi.
Ibihangano bizatangwa bigomba kuba ari umwimerere w’uwabitanze. Mu gihe havuka impaka zishingiye ku kwiyitirira igihangano cy’abandi, uwatanze iyo foto mu marushanwa yirengera ingaruka.
Mu gihe urushanwa yohereje ifoto, aba atanze uburenganzira butishyuzwa bwo kuyikoresha mu bindi bikorwa nko mu itangazamakuru mu bikorwa byo kumenyekanisha irushanwa n’ibindi bijyanye nabyo. Icyakora, umwirondoro w’uwatanze iyo foto uzajya ugaragazwa mu gihe yakoreshejwe.
Hazashyirwaho itsinda ry’inzobere rizatanga amanota. Abatsinze nibamara gutoranywa, bazabimenyeshwa mu minsi y’akazi. Mu gihe uwatsinze atabonetse ku myirondoro yatanze mu gihe cy’iminsi itanu, bizafatwa nk’aho yanze ku bushake igihembo.
Ku bindi bisobanuro, wanyura hano. Abakoresha Icyongereza, Igifaransa n’Ikinyarwanda bahamagara: +250789622676 naho abakoresha Igishinwa n’Icyongereza bagahamagara +250 787413061.


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Hari abantu batekereza ko ngo hariho position mu buriri ishobora gutuma umugore asama vuba mu gihe haterwa akabariro bikaba byanatuma bamwe basenya mu gihe umwe muri bo byamunaniye.Ibi byavumbuwe nyuma y’ibibazo byibazwaga na benshi harimo ndetse n’ikindi kibazo cyo kwibaza niba indunduro y’ibyishimo (orgasme) mu mibonano mpuzabitsina hari icyo yaba imaze kuri iyo ngingo.
Nk’uko tubikesha urubuga rwa internet: Doctissimo.fr, ngo ubushakashatsi bwakorewe mu gihugu cy’u Bwongereza hari icyo bwabivuzeho. Position iyo ari yo yose wakoresha, nta cyo itwaye cyangwa yongera. Icya ngombwa ni uko mubyumvikanaho kandi mwese ikaba ibashimishije. Gusa ngo hari ituma intanga ngabo zigera kure cyane ndetse abenshi bavuga ko ari ya yindi igihe umugore aba ari hejuru y’umugabo ndetse ikaba yuje ibyishimo kuri bombi. Naho ubundi nta position ubushakashatsi bwari bwemeza yaba ifasha mu gusama vuba.
Nyamara ubu bushakashatsi bwavuze ko bihagije mbere ya byose ko umugore agomba kuba ari mu gihe cy’uburumbuke mu minsi 14 mu gihe cy’imihango uvuye ku munsi wa mbere yayiboneyeho.
Batanga inama ko mu gihe wifuza gusama ugomba gutangira gukora ibijyanye n’urukundo (harimo n’akabariro), iminsi itatu mbere y’imihango kugeza indi minsi itatu nyuma yayo. Icyakora na none niba uri umugabo ukaba ushaka kubihinyuza usabwe kuba wirinze gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina mbere y’ibyo bihe kugira ngo nibigera ubibone.
Source: Doctissimo.fr


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By admin on June 23, 2020
Mu murenge wa Gitoki ho mu karere ka Gatsibo bavuga ko intoki zabo zibasiwe n’indwara ya kirabiranya iza igafata igikoki kigahita kiba nk’igihiye kandi kikiri umwano , bavuga ko bibateza igihombo kandi ngo biragoye kurandura urutoki rwose nubwo ari ko inzego zishinzwe ubuhinzi zibasaba dore ko bamaze guhomba Hegitari zirenga 80 kubera iyo ndwara .
Ubuyobozi bw’akarere ka Gatsibo buvuga ko bagomba kwemera bagahomba bakarandura izo ntoki kuko kugeza ubu ari wo muti wonyine uhari
Ubwanditsi
By admin on June 15, 2020
Bamwe mu bahinga igishanga cya Gacamahembe kiri mu karere ka Rusizi bavuga ko batabona umusaruro baba biteze kuko nta mashini zuhira bagira. Bavuga ko ubusanzwe bakoresha uburyo bo bise ubwa gakondo, iyo buhira bukaba bubasaba gukoresha ingufu nyinshi n’amafaranga,kandi ibyo baba batanze bahinga ntibabashe kubigaruza.
By admin on May 09, 2020
Abahinzi b’umuceli babarirwa hagati y’1800 n’2000 bahinga kuri hegitari zisaga 1000 mu gishanga cya Rurambi giherereye mu Murenge wa Mwogo mu Karere ka Bugesera.
Aba bahinzi b'umuceri bavuga ko ubusanzwe bagisaruramo hagati ya toni ibihumbi bitatu n’ibihumbi bitanu z’umuceli, biturutse mu masambu yabo, amatungo n’indi mitungo bagurisha kugira ngo babone uko bahinga uwo muceli cyangwa bakanifashisha inguzanyo z’amabanki.


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Amajonjora y’abakobwa muri Miss Rwanda 2018 aregereje
Yanditswe na NDAMYIROKOYE FRANÇOIS
Mu rwego rwo gushaka uzambikwa ikamba rya nyampinga w’u Rwanda 2018 muri uku kwezi kwa Mutarama 2018 amajonjora y’abakobwa bazitabira iri rushanwa aratangira.
Mu ntara y’Amajyaruguru mu mujyi wa Musanze iki gikorwa kizaba ku ya 13 Mutarama 2018, mu Burengerazuba kizabe ku ya 14 Mutarama 2018 kibere mu mujyi wa Rubavu naho ku ya 20 Mutarama 2018 amajonjora azabere mu Ntara y’Amajyepfo.
Nyuma y’uko igikorwa kizaba cyabereye muri izo ntara zose, ku ya 21 Mutarama 2018 amajonjora azabera mu Ntara y’Uburasirazuba mu mujyi wa Kayonza naho mu Mujyi wa Kigali azabe ku ya 27 Mutarama 2018.
Ishimwe Dieudonné uzwi nka Prince Kid utegura akanashyira mu bikorwa irushanwa rya Misss Rwanda yatangarije Imvaho Nshya ko kugeze ubu imyiteguro yo gutangira amajoronjora imeze neza.
Yagize ati “Imyiteguro tuyigeze kure kandi imeze neza nta kibazo”.
Uyu mwaka mu ntara zose no Mujyi wa Kigali hazatoranywamo abakobwa 30 nyuma bazatoranywemo abakobwa 20 bazajyanwa mu mwiherero.
Ku ya 10 Gashyantare 2018 ni bwo hazatoranywa abazajya mu mwiherero.
Ibisonga by’uzaba nyampinga kandi bizaba bibiri aho kuba bine nk’uko byari bisanzwe.
Ku ya 24 Gashyantare 2018 ni bwo hazatoranywa nyampinga w’u Rwanda 2018 mu gikorwa kizabera mu mujyi wa Kigali.
Uhatanira ikamba rya Nyampinga w’u Rwanda agomba kuba ari Umunyarwandakazi, afite hagati y’imyaka 18-24, yararangije amashuri yisumbuye, avuga neza Ikinyarwanda n’urundi rurimi, hagati y’Icyongereza, Igifaransa n’Igiswahili, afite indeshyo ya metero imwe na sentimetero 70 kuzamura, apima ibilo hagati ya 45-70, atari yabyara, yiteguye kumara nibura umwaka atuye mu Rwanda igihe yatsinze, atiteguye gukora ubukwe mu gihe cy’umwaka yambaye ikamba no kuba yiteguye guhagararira u Rwanda mu gihe bikenewe.
Uzambikwa ikamba azaba asimbuye Miss Iradukunda Elsa ufite ikamba rya Miss Rwanda 2017.


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Muraho, amakuru y’iminsi? Uyu munsi reka tuganire ku bisuko by’amarasita adafite ipfundo hasi ku mutwe akunze kuba ari inyabutatu asigaye agezweho bakunze kwita knotless braids. Turebere hamwe uko atandukana ninyabutatu zisanzwe bityo bitewe nibyo…
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Ibiryamye binini ni ibisuko byoroshye wasuka bikagufasha gukuza imisatsi yawe mu gihe gito. Turababwira ibintu 10 ugomba kugurikiza hano…
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Muraho neza, mu kiganiro cy’uyu munsi tubazaniye uburyo bwo kugura imyenda nibindi bintu ku rubuga rwa SHEIN. Ku batayizi SHEIN ni urubuga ruzwiho kugira imyenda, inkweto n’ibindi byinshi bigezweho ku mafaranga macye. Turabanyuriramo uko…
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Muraho, amakuru y’iminsi? Iyi lockdown nshya nizereko ibasanze amahoro. Ikiganiro cy’uyu munsi reka turebere hamwe akamaro ka chia seeds mu mubiri. Chia seeds ni ikiribwa cy’utubuto duto cyane twumukara, ikoreshwa mu biryo byinshi bitandukanye.…
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Muraho, amakuru y’iminsi? Mu nkuru y’uyu munsi tubazaniye imyitozo yo kongera amataye ukoreye mu rugo, ndetse akarusho ni imyitozo yose ukorera kuri tapis. Nta nimwe igusaba guhagarara ngo uyikore. Ibintu ucyenera ni tapis yo…
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Muraho neza, uyu munsi reka tuganire ku mavuta ya made in Rwanda acururizwa ku rubuga rwa glowforce kuri instagram. Ku batayazi, turabanyuriramo amoko atandukanye ndetse nanababwire uko nabonye ayo nabashije kugerageza. Muri iyi nkuru…
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Muraho neza, amakuru yanyu nizere ko mumeze neza. Inkuru y’uyu munsi reka tuganire kuri amwe mu mavuta azwiho gukiza ibiheri cyane. Tumenye uko akora, uburyo wayakoresha, ingaruka ashobora gutera ndetse naho wayagura ubaye wumva…
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Muraho neza, amakuru y’iminsi? Kimwe mu bintu twabonye bifasha kugira imisatsi miremire ni ugusuka. Iyo wasutse imisatsi yawe ntango uba uyisokoza bityo bikayirinda gucika mu gihe ibisuko bikirimo. Ikibazo kijya kivuka mu guhambura ibisuko,…
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Muraho, amakuru yanyu? Nizereko lockdown ibafashe neza, uyu munsi mbazaniye inkuru ishyushye ku bantu bifuza kugira munda hato. Yego, kwisonzesha bituma munda hawe haba hato. Buretse gato kubivamo ni ukuri sindi kukubeshya birakora kandi…
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Muraho neza, uyu munsi tubazaniye inkuru y’imyenda isirimutse. Imyenda ni kimwe mu bintu iyo uyihisemo neza, ukamenya ikubera bituma ugaragara neza niyo waba utahenzwe. Ku bantu batajya bamenya ibintu bagomba kugura, cyangwa ugasanga ufite…


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Nk’uko tubisanga ku rubuga rwa internet medlineplus, kuruka ndetse no kugira iseseme igihe umugore yasamye biba ku bagore benshi batwite, ku buryo kimwe cya gatatu muri bo kigira isesemi, bikurikirwa no kuruka. Kugira isesemi kandi bitangira mu kwezi kwa mbere kw’inda ndetse bikaba byagera mu mezi ane cyangwa bikabaho kugeza igihe umubyeyi abyariye. Nk’uko bakomeza bavuga kandi ngo kugira iseseme ku mubyeyi utwite nta cyo bitwara umwana uri mu nda ngo keretse gusa iyo bikurikirwa no kuruka ndetse no gutakaza ibiro bikabije ku mubyeyi. Impamvu zitera ababyeyi batwite kugira isesemi, nyinshi ntizizwi ariko ngo bishobora guturuka:-Ku mihindagurikire y’imisemburo y’umubyeyi cyangwa kugabanuka kw’isukari mu maraso
-Umunaniro ukabije ndetse n’ibiryo bimwe umubyeyi yariye bishobora kumutera kugira isesemi
-Ababyeyi batwite impanga na bo ngo bagira isesemi nyinshi
Nk’uko
bakomeza bavuga kandi ngo bimwe mu bintu wakoresha kugira ngo wirinde
iki kibazo harimo kurya ifunguro rike kandi riri mu rugero, ndetse
rikungahayemo ibyubaka umubiri (proteins) hamwe n’ibitera imbaraga
nk’ubunyobwa bukaranze, kurya ibirimo amavuta make ndetse n’umunyu
mwinshi no kunywa ka fanta ugiye kuryama cyangwa ukibyuka.
Ngo
ni ngombwa kugana muganga igihe waba ugira isesemi irengeje amezi ane
cyangwa igihe uruka amaraso ndetse n’igihe uruka inshuro 3 ku munsi.


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Ni kenshi umuntu agira igitekerezo cyo kugira icyo akora ariko agakenera guhabwa uburenganzira bwo kugishyira mu bikorwa. Ibi bisaba kugira ubushobozibwo gusobanura neza icyo gitekerezo kugira ngo abo waka ubufasha cyangwa uburenganzira babashe kucyumva neza. “Ni Nyampinga” twasuye Claire wifuje guhindura ibyo yigaga, akabiganiriza nyina ndetse n’umuyobozi w’ikigo. Twanasuye Thierry waganirije ubuyobozi bw’ikigo, bigatuma ishuri rigura ibyuma birangurura amajwi. Muri iyi nkuru kandi twaganiriye na Elizabeth wifuje kujya gukorera i Kigali, ariko agakenera guhabwa uburenganzira n’ababyeyi.
Kuva umunsi Claire amenya ko gukora amashanyarazi byigwa mu ishuri, yahise yifuza kuzayiga. Nyamara ntibyamworoheye, kukoajya kwiga ikiciro cya kabiri cy’ayisumbuye, yahawe kwiga icungamutungo. Ngo yahise yiyemeza gusobanurira umuyobozi w’ikigo icyo yifuza kwiga. Gusa kumvikanisha igitekerezo ke ntibyamworoheye na busa. Ati: “Ubwa mbere mubwira ko nshaka guhindura ishami yarabyanze ansubizayo ngo mbitekerezeho neza.”
Umuyobozi w’ikigo yamusabye gutekereza neza inshuro enye kuri icyo kemezo. Ngo icyamuteraga imbaraga zo gukomeza kumvikanisha icyo yifuza ni inzozi yari afite zo kuzageza amashanyarazi aho batuye. Ubu Claire yiga ibijyanye n’amashanyarazi. Yemeza ko uburyo yakoresheje ari “kumenya icyo ushaka, ugatinyuka ukakivuga, kandi ukubaha abo ugishyiriye.” Umuyobozi w’ikigo Claire yigamo cya APRODESEC NEMBA, atubwira icyamuteye kumwemerera, ati: “Ni uko yashoboye kunsobanurira neza impamvu ashaka guhindura. Kandi n’ubwo nabanje kumwangira nashakaga kumuha umwanya uhagije wo kongera kubitekerezaho”.
Na ho Elizabeth w’imyaka 27, we ngo yifuje kujya gukorera i Kigali avuye iwabo mu Karere ka Huye. Byamusabye kubanza gusaba ababyeyi be uruhushya. Ubu afite inzu itunganya imisatsi mu Mugi wa Kigali aho amaze imyaka ine. Na we byaragoranye kugira ngo ahabwe uburenganzira kubera impungenge nyina yagize. Mukamuremyi ni umubyeyi wa Elizabeth. Tumusura mu Karere ka Huye yatubwiye ko umukobwa we akimusaba uruhushya atahise amwemerera kuko yagize impungenge ko amugiye kure bityo atazabasha gukomeza kumugira inama amubona hafi ye. Mama wa Elizabeth yatubwiye ko kugira ngo amwemerere yagendeye ku myitwarire myiza yari asanzwe amubonaho mu rugo. Ku rundi ruhande ngo Elizabeth yarubahaga cyane, bigatuma umubyeyi we yizera ko nagera i Kigali azubahiriza impanuro yamuhaye, maze akitwara neza. Gusa ngo kuri ubu yishimira intambwe Elizabeth agezeho ndetse n’impungenge yari amufitiye zarashize. Yongeyeho ko iyo bamwima uruhushya bari kuba bamwimye amahirwe yo gutera imbere.
Thierry w’imyaka 20, yiga mu mwaka wa gatanu i Nyanza, akaba ahagarariye abandi banyeshuri. Yishimira ko igitekerezo cyo gusaba ubuyobozi ko bwabagurira ibyuma birangurura amajwi, cyakiriwe. Ni nyuma yo kubona ko iyo bahuye ari benshi, ushaka kugira icyo abwira abanyeshuri bose atabasha kuvuga ku buryo bose bumva. Na we yaduhaye ubuhamya bw’uko yabigenje.
Thierry uvuga mu ijwi rituje, yabwiye “Ni Nyampinga” ko bitari byoroshye kugeza igitekerezo ke ku muyobozi w’ishuri. Ngo yabanje kukinyuza kuri mugenzi we bafatanya kuyobora abanyeshuri ndetse n’umuyobozi ushinzwe imyitwarire, ngo bamufashe kugisesengura neza. Bamaze kubikora, ngo bandikiye umuyobozi mukuru w’ishuri ibaruwa isobanura icyo bashaka. Umuyobozi w’ikigo amaze kubona igitekerezo, ngo ntiyabyemeye kuko nta mafaranga y’icyo gikorwa yari ahari. Thierry yamusabye uburenganzira bw’uko bakwishakamo ubushobozi nk’abanyeshuri, maze umuyobozi arabyemera. Thierry asobanura icyamufashije kubigeraho agira ati: “Gusesengura igitekerezo cyange, nkareba akamaro gifite byatumye bakemera.”
Kumvikanisha igitekerezo cyangwa guhindura ibintu bisanzwe biriho bisaba igihe ndetse no kwihangana nk’uko twabibonye mu buhamya. Iyo abantu bagejejweho igitekerezo, hari igihe bibafata igihe ngo bagisobanukirwe kandi iteka haba hari icyo ushobora gukora ngo ubamare impungenge. Elizabeth yakoresheje uko ashoboye kugira ngo mama we amugirire ikizere kandi abone ko ari umukobwa wiyubaha, n’ubwo yari yasabye uruhushya rwo kwimukira kure. Thierry akimenya ko ishuri rye nta mafaranga rifite yateganyirijwe kugura ibyuma birangurura amajwi, yahise afata ikemezo cyo gushaka ayo mafaranga binyuze mu kuyakusanya mu bandi banyeshuri. Aba bose ntabwo bigeze bacika intege ahubwo bahaye agaciro akamaro ibitekerezo byabo bibafitiye bo ubwabo, imiryango yabo ndetse n’abandi muri rusange. Nk’uko twabibonye muri izi nkuru zabo, binyuze mu kinyabupfura bagaragaje igihe batangaga igitekerezo cyabo, byatumye babasha kumvisha neza abo babigezagaho. Babashije kubumvisha ko ibitekerezo byabo bifitiye akamaro benshi.
INAMA WAKURIKIZA MU GIHE USHAKA KUMVIKANISHA IGITEKEREZO CYAWE
• Ni ngombwa kugaragaza uko icyo gitekerezo kizakugirira akamaro ubwawe, umuryango wawe ndetse n’abandi. Ni byiza kandi gutekereza impungenge abantu bashobora kukugirira, kugira ngo ubashe gusubiza ibyo bazakubaza. Urugero: Elizabeth yashakaga kujya i Kigali ariko umubyeyi we amugirira impungenge, bituma na we afata umwanya aratuza kugira ngo izo mpungenge zishire.
• Ababyeyi cyangwa abarimu bawe bashobora kuguhangayikira cyangwa se bakanga bitewe n’uko badasobanukiwe icyo wifuza. Banza utege amatwi impungenge zabo hanyuma wongere utekereze ibyo uzabasubiza. Ushobora guhita ubamara impungenge, nawe ugakomeza umushinga wawe; muri make kuba abantu batahita bemera igitekerezo cyawe ntibikwiriye gutuma uhita ubivamo. Ukwiriye kubaha umuntu ugezaho igitekerezo. Claire yakoresheje uko ashoboye asobanukirwa neza icyo yashakaga, bituma abasha kwemeza umuyobozi w’ikigo inyungu ziri mu gitekerezo ke n’ibyiza ateganyiriza agace k’iwabo. Yagize ikinyabupfura kandi ntiyacika intege, bituma abasha kugera ku nzozi ze. Ukwiriye kwitegura kugira icyo uhindura ku gitekerezo cyawe kugira ngo wubahe inama baguhaye. Ibitekerezo baguha bishobora gutuma umushinga wawe uba mwiza kurutaho.
• Ni byiza kandi gushaka umuti w’imbogamizi ushobora guhura na zo mu gihe wumvisha abandi igitekerezo cyawe. Urugero: Nyuma yo kumenya ko ishuri ridafite amafaranga yo kugura ibyuma birangurura amajwi, Thierry na bagenzi be biyemeje gukusanya ayo mafaranga, maze umuyobozi w’ikigo ntiyazuyaza kubemerera. Kwereka abandi ko wiyemeje kugera ku cyo wifuza ndetse ko witeguye gukoresha imbaraga ngo ubigereho, bizagufasha kubumvisha ko bakwiriye kugushyigikira.


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YASUWE 20
Mukandayisaba Aloysia umukozi ushinzwe uburezi mu murenge wa Busasamana akarere ka Nyanza.
Ati“Hari bamwe mu babyeyi usanga bagifite imyumvire yuko inshingano bafite kubana babo zirangirira gusa kubagaburira, kubambika no kubavuza. Naho kubijyanye no gufasha Abarimu gukurikirana abana mu masomo bakigira ba ntibindeba″.
Uwitije Agathè na Banzubaze Zacharie ni bamwe mu babyeyi bo muri uyu murenge wa Busasamana baganiriye na rwandanews24.com. Nabo bavuga ko hari bamwe mu babyeyi koko usanga bita ku mirimo yo murugo, bakanayirekeramo abana, bityo umwanya wo gusubira mu masomo nti babashe kuwubona.
Ati “Hari ababyeyi usanga bafite imyumvire yuko umwa uvuye ku ishuli Agomba gukora imirimo yo murugo gusa, naho ibyo kumuha umwanya wo gusubira mu masomo ye, ku mufasha kuyasubiramo, kuba yamufasha gusoma nk’ibitabo, cyangwa se kwandika byo akigira nkaho bitamureba. Nyamara kandi aho ibihe bigeze umwana akwiye gufashwa mu masomo ye cyane cyane kumenya gusoma no kwandika″.
Zacharie avuga ko aho ibihe bigeze umwana akwiye gufashwa mu masomo ye cyane cyane kumenya gusoma no kwandika kuko bishobora gutuma yibeshaho aho yaba ari hose.
Umuyobozi mukuru w’ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe guteza imbere uburezi REB Dr. Irene Ndayambaje avuga ko ababyeyi muri rusange basabwa kwibuka uruhare bafite mu myigire y’abana babo bityo mugihe abana bageze murugo ntibabe baterera iyo bakafasha gusubira mu masomo yabo.
Ati “Nkuko muri gahunda igihugu gifite, harimo gushishikariza abanyarwanda kumenya gusoma no kwandika haba kubakuze n’abakiri bato, ababyeyi nabo basabwa kujya baha umwanya abana babo wo gusubira mu masomo yabo ndeste bakibuka ko bafite n’inshingano zo kufasha kuyasubiramo″.
Gushishikariza ababyeyi bo mu murenge wa Busasamana akarere ka Nyanza gufasha abana babo kumenya gusoma no gusubira mu masomo baba bigishijwe ku ishuri. Bigarukwaho mugihe hirya no hino mu gihugu hagiye hagaragara ikibazo cy’abana bagera mu mwaka wa gatandatu w’amashuli abanza batazi gusoma no kwandi ibiri ku rugero rwabo ndetse mu Rwanda hakaba hari kwizihiza ukwezi kwahariwe gusoma no kwandika kuzasozwa tariki ya 30 Nzeri 2019. Aho Abanyarwanda bahamagarirwa kubyitaho no kubitoza abana mu mashuri no mu rugo.
J.Bosco Mbonyumugenzi rwandanews24.com/ Mu karere ka Nyanza.


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Itsembabwoko ry’Abayahudi
Itsembabwoko ry’Abayahudi [1] cyangwa Jenoside y’Abayahudi [2] (izina mu kiyahudi שואה)
Leta y’Abadage (Großdeutsches Reich) yakoze gahunda yo kurimbura imbaga y’abayahudi igeze kuri 6.000.000 hagati ya 1938 na 1946. Bishe n abanazi n abandi babafashije mu Budage no mu Burayi bwose bwari bwigaruriwe na leta ya Hitler.
Irondakoko ryibasiye abayahudi bita antisémitisme ni ryo rikuru cyane ryabaye mu madini, mu bukungu, muri politike no mu muco. Leta ya Hitler niyo yarigize ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside. Batangira kwirukanwa mu Budage, bamwe barahava. Abasigaye baricwa mu bihugu byose byari byatsinze : Pologne, Autriche, URSS, France, Pays-Bas, Belgique, Grèce, Yougoslavie n’ahandi. Jenoside y’Abayahudi yitwa shoah (שואה) bivuga gutsembwatsembwa (destruction totale, destruction absolue, catastrophe écrassante). Hari n’igihe bakoresha ijambo Holocauste , bivuga gutangwaho igitambo (une immolation entièrement consommée). Ayo magambo ariko ashobora no gukoreshwa ku zindi jenoside zabaye ahandi.
Abayahudi ndetse n’abandi bishwe n’abanazi bagiye bakusanyirizwa mu bigo, byitwa camps de concentration . Ariko hari n’ibindi byitwaga ibigo by imirimo (camps de travail), hakaba ibindi byitwaga iby imfungwa z’intambara (camps pour prisonniers de guerre), ndetse habaga n’ibyo bitaga iby’agateganyo (camp de transit). Hakaba ariko cyane cyane ibigo by’urupfu (camps d extermination ou de la mort). Byose hamwe byari hafi 30. Ibizwi cyane ni Buchenwald, Bergen-Belsen, Mauyhausen, Auschwitz, Birkenan, Chelmo, Treblinka, Belzec, Sobidor, Na Majdaneki.
Urupfu rw umwihariko rw’abayahudi ni ukwicishwa uburozi bwa Gaz Bafungiranaga abayahudi mu bikamyo bifungiranye hose, cyangwa mu byumba binini bifungiranye hose, bakoherezamo uburozi bw’umwuka wa GAZ (Zyklon B) Bagapfa nyuma y’iminota 15-20.
Abayahudi bicanywe n’abandi bantu batari abayahudi, bamwe bazize ibyo bakoraga, abandi kubera ibyo bangaga gukora cyangwa gusa kubera icyo baricyo. Abo ni nk’abakomunisti, abasosiyalisti, abaliberali, abasendikalisti, abitwa « homosexuels », abo mw idini rya « Témoins de Jéhovah », abitwa « Tsiganes ».
Abandi bishwe ari benshi ni imfungwa z’intambara z’abasovietike : hishwe hafi 3.300.000. Abandi bishwe ari benshi ni aba SLAVES bo muri U.R.S.S. no muri Pologne : hishwe hamwe hagati ya 19.000.700 na 24.000.000 y’abaturage . Abantu bose bazize jenoside y’abanazi bageze kuri 26.000.000, harimo 6.000.000 z abayahudi, hagati ya 500.000 na 1.000.000 y’abaTsiganes n abandi bagizwe cyane cyane n’abaslaves.
Notes[edit | edit source]
- ↑ http://www.irdp.rw/docs/jenoside.pdf
- ↑ "Ishami Rishinzwe Uburere Mboneragihugu, Ukwakire, 2006". Archived from the original on 2012-10-29. Retrieved 2010-12-25.


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Arabasubiza ati “Mwebweho mwahawe kumenya ubwiru bw’ubwami bwo mu ijuru ariko bo ntibabihawe“ Matayo13:11
Iri jambo Yesu yarivuze ubwo abigishwa be bamusobanuzaga umugani w’umubibyi yari amaze kwigisha, mbere yo kuwusobanura abanza kubibutsa amahirwe bagize kubwo gutoranywa mu bandi.
Kubana na Yesu ni amahirwe adasanzwe twagize mu gihe cyose tubihaye agaciro kuko bifite umusaruro wo kubaho neza muri ubu buzima, kuba mu mahoro atemba nk’uruzi twahawe, ndetse na nyuma y’ubuzima twizeye kubana iteka nawe.
None rero bene data, ubwo bimeze bityo byaza ayo mahirwe umusaruro wumva umwigisha kuko kumenya icyo agusaba no kugishyira mu bikorwa nizo mbaraga zawe.
Ikindi kandi ubwo wabihawe, ntukifate nk’abatarabihawe kuko mufite ikibatandukanye kubw’icyo mwakiriye gitandukanye. Kandi tubiziranyeho ko no mu buzima busanzwe umuntu wize ubasha kumutandukanya byoroshye n’utarageze mu ishuri. Yesu yaragize ati: “Sinsaba ko ubakura mu isi, ahubwo ubarinde Umubi." Yohana 17:15
Ariko mwebweho, abifatanije n’Uwiteka Imana yanyu muracyariho mwese uyu munsi. Gutegeka kwa kabiri 4:4
Hano turi kuhabona irindi jambo ryatandukanyije abisirayeli bamwe ku bandi aho mu gihe cy’uruzerero rwo mu butayu benshi bananiwe bakimura Imana ya Isirayeli ariko Abifatanije nayo Mose ahamije ko byabateye gukomeza kubaho.
Natwe abakiri mu ntambara zo mu isi dukwiriye kumenya ko kwifatanya n’Imana tukayumvira muri byose, ari byo bizadushoboza kunyura mu butayu bw’ubuzima bwose budutegereje. Kuko Imana yacu niyo soko y’amazi azatuma tudakamywa n’ibihe k’ubw’umwuma, kandi niyo soko y’umutsima utera abantu bayo imbaraga bagakomera.
Ikomeze ku mana ujye uyitegereza n’ubwo waba uri mu mwijima utuma utayibona, kuko abayitegereza bagenda bagwiza imbaraga.
Iyi inzira itagaragara hakaba mu kabwibwi, Yesu ati njye ndi kumwe nawe ntumukureho amaso, ujye umuhanga amaso, ajya arinda umutumbiriye kumanywa na nijoro
"Abasore b’imigenda bazacogora baruhe, n’abasore bazagwa rwose. Ariko abategereza Uwiteka bazasubizwamo intege nshya, bazatumbagira mu kirere bagurukishe amababa nk’ibisiga, baziruka be kunanirwa, bazagenda be gucogora.” Yesaya 40:30-31. Imana iguhe umugisha!
Source: Cepurnyarugenge.org
[email protected]


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IKIGANIRO | RAJESH KALARIA
Umushakashatsi mu by’ubwonko asobanura imyizerere ye
Porofeseri Rajesh Kalaria yigisha muri kaminuza ya Newcastle mu Bwongereza. Amaze imyaka irenga 40 akora ubushakashatsi ku bwonko bw’umuntu. Yemeraga ubwihindurize ariko ubu ntakibwemera. Nimukanguke! yamubajije ibijyanye n’akazi ke n’imyizerere ye.
Wahoze mu rihe dini?
Data yavukiye mu Buhindi naho mama avukira muri Uganda, nubwo na we ari Umuhindi. Bakurikizaga imigenzo y’Abahindu. Ndi uwa kabiri mu bana batatu. Twari dutuye i Nayirobi muri Kenya, duturanye n’abandi Bahindu benshi.
Ni iki cyatumye ukunda siyansi?
Nashishikazwaga n’inyamaswa cyane, kandi nakundaga gutemberana n’inshuti zange, tukajya mu misozi kandi tukararayo kugira ngo twitegereze inyamaswa neza. Nifuzaga kuzaba umuganga w’amatungo. Ariko maze kubona impamyabushobozi mu ishuri rikuru ryigisha ubumenyi ngiro ry’i Nayirobi, nakomereje muri kaminuza y’i Londres mu Bwongereza aho nize iby’ubuvuzi, nkaza no kuba umushakashatsi mu birebana n’ubwonko bw’umuntu.
Ese ibyo wize byatumye uhindura imyizerere yawe?
Yego. Uko nagendaga menya byinshi muri siyansi, ni ko nagendaga mbona ko imigenzo n’imyizerere y’Abahindu, urugero nko gusenga inyamaswa n’ibishushanyo, ari ibinyoma.
Kuki wemeraga inyigisho y’ubwihindurize?
Nkiri muto, abantu benshi bemeraga ko ubwihindurize bwatangiriye muri Afurika kandi ibyo ni na byo twigaga ku ishuri. Nanone abarimu batubwiraga ko abantu b’intiti bose kandi bazwi cyane muri siyansi, bemera ubwihindurize.
Kuki waje kwisubiraho ntukomeze kwemera ubwihinduruze?
Igihe nigaga ibinyabuzima, hari umunyeshuri wambwiye zimwe mu nyigisho zo muri Bibiliya Abahamya ba Yehova bamwigishaga, maze ngira amatsiko. Ibyo byatumye njya mu ikoraniro ry’Abahamya ryabereye mu kigo nigagamo i Nayirobi. Nyuma yaho, Abahamya babiri b’abamisiyonari bansobanuriye zimwe mu nyigisho zo muri Bibiliya. Bambwiye ibyo bizera ku birebana n’Umuremyi, ari na we usubiza ibibazo by’ingenzi twibaza, numva bisobanutse kandi byumvikana neza.
Ese ibyo wize mu buvuzi byatumye utizera ko Imana ari umuremyi?
Oya. Kubera ko nize imiterere y’umubiri w’umuntu, nabonye ko ibinyabuzima bihambaye. Kuvuga ko ibyo bintu bihambaye bityo byapfuye kubaho, numvaga ko byaba ari ubujiji.
Ese waduha urugero?
Nize ibijyanye n’ubwonko bw’umuntu kuva mu ntangiriro y’imyaka ya za 70 kandi na n’ubu buracyantangaza. Ubwonko ni bwo bugenga ibitekerezo byacu, bugatuma twibuka ibintu kandi bukagenzura imikorere y’umubiri wacu. Nanone ni bwo bukoresha ibyumviro byacu hafi ya byose kandi bugasesengura ubutumwa buturutse imbere mu mubiri cyangwa hanze yawo.
Kugira ngo ubwonko bwacu bukore neza, bubifashwamo n’ingirabuzimafatizo, zigizwe ahanini n’urusobe rw’imyakura n’ibindi bintu byo mu rwego rwa shimi. Ubwonko bw’umuntu bufite imyakura ibarirwa muri za miriyari, yose ikaba ihana amakuru ibinyujije mu mitsi miremire. Umwakura umwe ushobora gukorana n’indi myakura ibarirwa mu bihumbi, binyuze ku dutsi tuyihuza. Ibyo bigaragaza ko imyakura ikorana n’ubwonko ari myinshi cyane. Iyo myakura ingana ityo n’imitsi ihuza iyo myakura, bikorana neza kandi bigakora kuri gahunda mu buryo butangaje.
Dusobanurire neza
Iyo myakura ikorana neza cyane mu gihe umwana akurira mu nda na nyuma yo kuvuka. Iyo umwana akiri mu nda imyakura ishamikiraho udutsi tukayihuza n’indi myakura iba iri kure y’ingirabuzimafatizo. Utwo dutsi si ingirabuzimafatizo; ahubwo ni agace k’izo ngirabuzimafatizo.
Iyo umwakura umezeho agashami, hari ibyapa byo mu rwego rwa shimi bikayobora, urugero nk’ibikabwira ngo “hagarara” “genda” cyangwa ngo “garuka” kugeza igihe kagereye aho kagomba kujya. Hatabayeho amabwiriza asobanutse neza, utwo dushami ntitwamenya aho twerekeza. Iyo mikorere yose ihambaye tumaze kuvuga, igengwa n’amabwiriza yanditse muri ADN.
Tuvugishije ukuri ntidushobora gusobanukirwa neza uko ubwonko bwacu bukura n’uko bukora. Urugero ntituzi uko bukorana n’ibitekerezo hamwe n’ibyiyumvo byacu n’uko budufasha kwibuka ibintu. Nge niboneye ko byonyine kuba ubwonko bukora, ntiriwe mvuga uko bukora neza n’uko bukura, bigaragaza ko uwaburemye aturusha ubwenge kure.
Tubwire uko waje kuba Umuhamya wa Yehova
Abahamya ba Yehova banyeretse ibimenyetso bifatika bigaragaza ko Bibiliya ari Ijambo ry’Imana. Urugero, nubwo Bibiliya atari igitabo cya siyansi, iyo ivuze ibintu bijyanye na yo ibyo ivuga biba ari ukuri. Nanone irimo ubuhanuzi bwiringirwa. Ikindi kandi, iyo umuntu akurikije inyigisho zirimo, agira ubuzima bwiza. Ibyo narabyiboneye kuko Bibiliya ari yo inyobora kuva naba Umuhamya wa Yehova mu mwaka wa 1973. Ubu ndishimye kandi ubuzima bwange bufite intego.


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Ku wa Gatatu w’icyumweru turimo ni bwo MIE yashyize hanze ibarwa igaragaza guhagarika ibikorwa byose yakoranaga n’abahanzi Vestina na Dorcas .
Aho MIE mu barwa yanditse yagize iti “dushingiye ku ntego yacu n’icyerekezo cya M Irené Entertainment, nyuma yo gusesengura imikoranire ya M. Irené na Ishimwe Vestine na Kamikazi Dorcas bamenyerewe nka Vestine&Dorcas mu muziki”. MIE yifuje kumenyesha Abakunzi bayo ndetse n’abamuzika muri rusange ko guhera tariki ya 7 Nyakanga 2021 ibaye ihagaritse ibikorwa byose yakoranaga n’abahanzi bavuzwe haruguru ku mpamvu muzayimenyeshwa mu minsi iri imbere.”
Ariko amakuru yizewe k’umubano w’umunyamakuru Mulindahabi Irene na Vestina ndetse na Dorocas waba ugiye kongera kugaruka mu gihe gito . Muri rusange iyo wicaye ukareba neza iyi barwa ukayisesengura ubona ko ,kwa ndika ijambo ngo (Ibaye ihagaritse ibikorwa ) n’imvugo ishatse kugaragaza ko idahakana ko ibikorwa bizakomeza doreko atari imvugo mpakanyi ( Pause). Bigaragaza ko M Irene yari yiteguye ko hari ikintu gikorwa mu gihe yaya ndikaga .
Bishoboka ko aba bana bazajya gusubira ku ishuri mu kwezi kwa 9 twarongeye kubona ibarwa ya MIE ,ivuga ko yakoranye amasezerano n’umuryango wa Vestine na Dorcas . Kuko uyu mubano gusubukurwa bitindijwe no kureba icyo Rwanda Gospel Stars iri bufashe Vestine na Dorcas , nkabamugambaniye.
Kandi wicaye ukareba neza ikiganiro umunyamakuru Mulindahabi yakoze anyuze kuri channel ya MIE ,ugasesengura neza ijambo ku rindi , utangiriye ku majwi yoherejwe na Dorcas agaragaza agahinda kenshi bagize ubwabo . Ibi turabivuga dushingiye kuri iki kiganiro kandi no kubarwa yasinyweho na M Irene taliki 7/07/2021.
Mu gihe ikinyamakuru isezerano .com cyabatangarizaga inkuru ivuga kubihishe inyuma yuyu mwuka mubi hagati ya M Irene n’umuryango wa Vestine na Dorcas ,benshi banditse byinshi ko twanditse ibihuha ko Aimable uyoboye Rwanda Gospel Stars atabirimo ahubwo ko ikinyamakuru isezerano .com kizanye umwuka mubi . Ariko mu gihe hatarenze amasaha 12 , byemejwe na nyiri bwite M Irene ko yagiriwe ishyari ndetse ashyira Aimablen’abo bafatanyije mu ijwi ko bashutse umubyeyi w’abana .
Amakuru yizewe twatangarijwe n’umwe mu nshuti yahafi yuyu muryango twise Ndahimana Claude ,utifuje ko tumufata amajwi cyangwa hagira ikindi kintu cyakoreshwa mukumvikana mu rwego rwo gutinya ko twabishyira ku mbuga nkoranyambaga . Yasabye isezerano.com ko “cyumva avuga ariko hadakoresheje ibindi bikoresho .
Yagize ati “ umuryango wa Vestine na Dorocas ,batangiye kwifuza ibiganiro hagati ya Mulindahabi Irene , bakaba bamusaba imbabazi , doreko byatangiye guteza ukutumvikana hagati yabo .
Akomeza avuga ko uwitwa Aline wagize uruhare rukomeye kugirango bifuze kurega MIE,atari gucana uwaka n’aba bana .Nawe niba wagerageje gukurikira neza ibiganiro bitandukanye , urasanga hari uguca amarenga mugusubirana vuba .
Ni gake cyane uzumva umunyamuziki watandukanye n’ureberera inyungu ze , iyo byajemo amafranga usanga harimo guterana amagambo , ariko mubutumwa Vestine Na Dorcas bageneye M Irene , bumvikana cyane babaye kandi bifuza gukomezanya nawe .
Urebye ahantu Video yari igeze ku munota 34 n’amasegonda 33 ,Irene yakinnye ijwi rya Dorcas ahita arifunga , aho yavugaga ati “ Irene ntabwo ubwo bwenge ari mama wabutekereje, Irene ahita aba umunyabwenge ahita ahagaritsa . Ahubwo atwumvisha iyo ashaka ku twumvisha , aduhisha iyu mvikanaga ko Vestitine yagaragazaga ko mama we adafite uruhare . Ahubwo Irene ahitamo kutwumvisha iyi Dorcas agira ati “ Ire turagushimira cyane , ibyotugushimira n’ukuri waradufashije , uratuzamura icya kabiri utwishyurira ishuri , uratwambika utugurira imyenda twagusaba ikintu dukeneye ukakidukemurira, warakoze cyane , hari ibyo wagiye wigomwa tukabibona , warakoze kutwishyurira ishuri ,uka duporomotinga , kw’ishuri na rwara ukohereza imodoka iza kudufata , ukishyura ibitaro , twarabibonye byose n’ukuri Imana iguhe umugisha kandi warakoze “ .
Mu marira yumvikanaga mu ijwi ,Vestine nawe yagize ati “ nanjye ikintu nakubwira waradufashije cyane , usibye ko nyine ntabwo abantu bajya bishimira ibyiza bigeze ku bantu , n’aba bose bazanye ibintu byo kukurega , ntabyo twari tuzi natwe n’ibintu byadutunguye , natwe ntitwifuza gutandukana nawe , turagusabye ukomeze udufashe muri uru rugendo .
Turabizi ko wadukunze , aba bose baje kuko wa tuzamuye , kandi ntabwo twe tubyifuza , barashaka kutubera ba manager , banyuze kuri mama kugirango batubone kuko wari waramaze kutugira abasitari .
Ibi byose bije ngo dutandukane n’abantu banyuze mu mutwi , ibintu byo kuririmba turabihagaitse niba aribyo bifuje . Imana niyongera gushima ko twa ubwo tuzaza .
Tubasubije inyuma mu gihe isezerano .com yahamagara Dorcas taliki 7/7/2021 abazwa niba hari ibyo yaba azi kubibazo byabo na MIE yagize ati “ntacyo mbiziho nta n’amakuru mbifiteho.” Bishoboka koko ko nta makuru bari bafite yizewe “.
Ubusanzwe abantu bakuriye I Musanze usanga bagifite umuco wo kubaha ababyeyi babo, ( ntituvuze ko ahandi nabo batubaha ) rero icyo cyubahiro abana bagomba umubyeyi wabo bikaba ariyo mpamvu babijyanye gake , mu rwego rwo kwanga ko atakaza icyubahiro .
Kuruhande rw’umubyeyi yumvikanye cyane atsimbaraye ko abana basubizwa channel yabo cyane , bikagaragaza ko ashobora kuba hari andi majwi ya mushutse . nkuko kandi byahamijwe na Vestine na Dorcas .
Ikindi kimaze kugaragara ni amaranga mutima yuzuye abanyarwanda bidakunze kubaho muri uru Rwanda ko ureberera ibikorwa by’abahanzi mu gihe yatandukanye nabo bivugwa ku rwego nkuru. Kandi hakabaho kuvuga ukuri kumande zombi. Ubusanzwe dukunda kubyumva cyane hanze y’ u Rwanda . Ubwabyo abakunzi b’umuziki wa Gospel hano mu Rwanda nabo n’ impamvu igiye gutuma M Irene asubirana na Vestine na Dorcas , dore ko nawe ubwe asoza avuga ko azakomeza gukorana nabo . Sidutekereza ko M Irene ari bwemere kureka izi mpano dore ko zo zagaragaje agahinda zifite ndetse n’ uko ziha agaciro ibyo yabakoreye . bityo birakomeza kunyeganyeza umutima wa Irene .
N’iki iki kibazo cyagaragaye byakagambane bigeye gukiza muri uru ruganda rwo mu ndirimbo zaririmbiwe Imana hano mu Rwanda?
Iki kibazo cya MIE n’umuryango wa Vestine na Dorcas kigiye guhumura abahanzi amaso .
Muri iyi minsi byagaragaraga ko abenshi mubahanzi b’ umuziki uhimbaza Imana ukanayiramya basuzuguraga ibikorwa by’abanyamakuru , bityo bakibagirwa aho bavuye .Bigiye kabaha kwitekerezaho cyane hagati muri bo babashe gusubiza amaso inyuma basubire aho twakwita ku gasambi .
Iki kibazo kigiye gutuma bamwe mu bantu bijandikaga mubikorwa by’iyobokamana bagendeye ko bamenyekanye cyane, mubikorwa by’umuziki udahimbaza Imana (Seculer) biyumvisha ko babaye ibikomerezwa muri uwo muziki cyangwa bafite amafranga , ubusanzwe badafite umuhamagaro wabyo , bongera kwitekerezaho , kuko bamwe muri bo babona ko bamwe mu babarizwa mu ruganda rw’umuziki w’ iyobokana batazi ibibakwiriye .
Umunyamakuru wa Isezerano.com , kuva mu mwaka 2016.
Yize itangazamakuru n’itumanaho (Journalism and Communication) muri Institut Catholique de Kabgayi (ICK).
Afite impamyabushobozi muri (Office Administration and Management) muri Kaminuza y’ u Rwanda (UR) .
Amaze imyaka 8 mu mwuga w’itangazamakuru .


text:
11/03/2020, Byakiriwe kandi byandikwa na Amiel Nkuliza.
Turi ku wa 02 werurwe 2020. Ngeze mu mujyi wa Lyon ho mu gihugu cy’Ubufaransa. Muri uwo mujyi nkubitanye n’umugabo witwa Théobald Rutihunza. Azwi cyane nk’umuntu washinze bwa mbere umuryango urengera uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu mu Rwanda, Liprodhor (Ligue de la promotion de défense des droits de l’homme au Rwanda) mu rurimi rw’igifaransa.
Uwo muryango wavutse mu mwaka w’1990, uza kubona ubuzimagatozi mu mwaka w’1991. Hamwe na bagenzi be, baturukaga mu cyahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu, ngo baricaye, batekereza ku cyo bakora, kugirango rubanda yarenganaga icyo gihe, irenganurwe.
Rutihunza wari umaze igihe gito avuye kwiga muri ”Institut d’études sociales” na ”Institut des droits de l’homme” muri Université Catholique de Lyon, yahakuye Diplome supérieur d’études sociales, naho muri ”Institut des droits de l’homme ahakura ”maitrise en droits de l’homme”. Ubwo byari mu mwaka w´1989.
Umuryango Rutihunza yashinze icyo gihe yabanje kuwita Lichredor (Ligue chrétienne des droits de l’homme au Rwanda). Ni umuryango waje gutera impungenge ubutegetsi bwa Habyarimana muri icyo gihe. Ni mu gihe kandi kuko igihugu cyari gitangiye kwinjira muri politiki y’amashyaka menshi, ari na bwo imiryango nk’iyo yarengeraga uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu, yavukaga.
Twibutse ko icyo iyo miryango yavukiraga kwari ugukangurira Abanyarwanda kumenya uburenganzira bwabo no kubuharanira mu gihe bwahohotewe. Ubu buryo bwo gutinyura rubanda guharanira uburenganzira bwayo, bukaba ari bwo bwaviriye mo Rutihunza gufatwa no gufungwa mu byitso, azira cyane cyane gushakira abayoboke uwo muryango no kwamamaza ibikorwa byawo.
Bwana Rutihunza avuga ko mu gushinga umuryango urengera uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu bitari byoroshye na mba, ubutegetsi bwa Habyarimana na bwo bukaba butari bworohewe kubera ko ngo bwari bufite ubwoba bw’abo bwitaga ibyitso by’inkotanyi muri icyo gihe.
Théobald Rutihunza, wemeye ko tugirana ikiganiro, yaduhaye ibisobanuro byinshi, bijyanye n’uwo muryango yashinze inkotanyi zikawigarurira, zikoresheje ibyitso byazo, byakoreraga muri Liprodhor.
Mu kiganiro kirekire twagiranye, aratangira atubwira impamvu yatumye atekereza gushinga umuryango Lichredor n’impamvu yaje kuwuhindura Liprodhor.
Bwana Rutihunza, ubu umaze kugira imyaka 73 y’amavuko, aranatubwira amazina y’abashenye umuryango yashinze, ugasigara ari igikanka, kuko inkunga z’imiryango mpuzamahanga wabonaga, ubu zahagaze kubera ko ukorera mu kwaha kw’ubutegetsi bwa FPR-Inkotanyi, ishyaka riri ku butegetsi.
Amiel Nkuliza: Kuki washinze Lichredor?
Théobald Rutihunza: Nkurikije ibyo nigaga muri kiriya gihe, nabonye igihe gihagije cyo gutekereza ku mibereho y’abanyarwanda n’icyatuma batera imbere. Narebye akarengane kari mu Rwanda icyo gihe ndetse ngakoraho igitabo cyo kurangiza amashuri (mémoire de fin d’études). Naje rero gusanga hagomba gukorwa ikintu kugirango uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu bwubahirizwe. Ibyo nabonaga icyo gihe nuko hicwaga abantu benshi. Navuga nk’urupfu rwa colonel Mayuya Stanislas, navuga abamburwaga amasambu yabo, muri rusange u Rwanda rwari rufite ibibazo bikomeye bishingiye k’ukutubahiriza uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu, bukubiye mu Itangazo rusange ryo kubahiriza uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu (Déclaration universelle des droits de l’homme).
Mu ngingo 30 z’iyo ”Déclaration”, zerekana uburenganzira bugomba kubahirizwa, nta n’imwe ubutegetsi bwa Habyarimana bwashyiraga mu bikorwa. Nguko uko twahagurutse dusaba ubutegetsi ko u Rwanda rwaba igihugu kigendera ku mategeko. Nguko uko bagenzi banjye bahise banjya inyuma kugirango dutangire duharanire ubwo burenganzira butubahirizwaga.
Nazengurutse mu maparuwasi yose y’igihugu, mu makomini, mpashaka abo twafatanya. Twakoze ”statuts” z’umuryango, tugera no mu rwego rw’igihugu, kugirango dushobore kwemererwa gukora. Natangiye gukorera iwanjye n’umuryango wanjye, biza kugera ku bantu twakoranye, tugenda twagura amarembo, kugeza ubwo twabonye abayoboke mu gihugu cyose. Nta perefegitura tutari dufite mo abayoboke”.
A.Nk: Byenda gusa n’aho mwari ibyitso by’inkotanyi. Ni byo?
Th. R: Mu mwaka w’1990, nyuma y’inama y’i La Baule mu Bufaransa, ubwo perezida Mitterrand yasabaga abakuru b’ibihugu bya Afurika, barimo na Perezida Habyarimana kwemera ko hajyaho amashyaka menshi n’amashyirahamwe ategamiye kuri Leta (ONG- Organisations non gouvernementales), ni bwo na twe, muri 91, twabonye ubuzima gatozi, nubwo mbere nabanje gufungwa muri 90, nzira ko natekereje no kwamamaza ibitekerezo twashakaga kugenderaho byo gushyiraho uwo muryango.
Ikibazo twagize icyo gihe ni uko twaregwaga ko duharanira uburenganzira bw’abatutsi, bitirirwaga gufatanya n’inkotanyi zari zimaze igihe gito ziteye igihugu.
Mu byo izo nkotanyi zaharaniraga harimo n’ubwo burenganzira twaharaniraga bwo gutaha mu gihugu cyazo. Twashakaga ko igihugu cyagira demukarasi, kureka ivangura ry’amoko n’uturere, kureka abantu bakishyira bakizana, no kwishyira hamwe mu miryango bifuza kujyamo. Twarwanyaga ivangura ry’inzego z’ubutegetsi, twashakaga ubwigenge bw’ubutabera n’ubutegetsi bushingiye ku nyungu za rubanda (Etat de droit). Ibyo byose mu kubiharanira, kuko n’inkotanyi ari byo zaharaniraga, ubutegetsi bwa Habyarimana, ni byo bwaturegaga ko dushyigikiye izo nkotanyi.
Nubwo ubutetsi bwa Habyarimana bwaturegaga icyo cyaha gikomeye, ibyo birego ntibyaduteye ubwoba kuko twakomeje gukora, no kwamagana aho uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu bwahohoterwaga. Twatumije za ”commissions internationales d’enquetes” kubera ibyaha byakorwaga n’ubutegetsi icyo gihe. Izo anketi zarakozwe, dufatanya n’abari bagize izo ”commissions”, raporo y’ibyavuye muri anketi ziza gutanga imyanzuro y’uko ubutegetsi bwagombye guhagarika ihohotererwa kuri rubanda.
A.Nk: Haba hari itotezwa mwahuye na ryo?
Th. R: Abanyamuryango ba Lichredor baje gufungwa ndetse bamwe muri bo bicwa muri 94. Abagera nko kuri 30 barishwe. Umugore n’abana banjye na bo barokotse hamana.
Wigeze kumbaza impamvu umuryango nabanje kuwita Lichredor. Nshinga uwo muryango natekerezaga kuri ”les valeurs chretiennes” (indangagaciro za gikirisitu). Amategeko y’Imana asa n’akubiye cyane cyane muri ”Déclaration universelle des droits de l’homme”. Unasubiye inyuma ukareba uko amategeko mpuzamahanga yubatse, cyane cyane ashingiye ku burenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu, wasanga yarateye imbere bishingiye kuri ”les valeurs chrétienne”: kurwanya ubucakara, iyicwarubozo. Mu Rwanda abakirisitu benshi bari bararigishijwe, bamwe muri bo baraburiwe irengero, ibyo bikaba byari ifatizo ryo kwerekana ko cyari igihe cy’uko uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu bugomba kubahirizwa.
Nyamara mu mikorere yacu, twaje guhura na za ”critiques” zagiraga ziti: mu bikorwa byanyu hari andi madini ashobora kwibagirana, kuko wenda adashingiye kuri Kirisito. Tucyumva izo ”critiques”, tunabonye ko zifite ishingiro, twiyemeje guhita duhindura izina, rihuje n’imyumvire y’abari bagize amadini yose mu gihugu. Nguko uko Lichredor yahindutse Liprodhor. Guhindura izina byakozwe n’inama rusange ya Lichredor kuko ni yo yari ifite ububasha bwo gukora ibyo byose.
Nyuma y’intambara abanyamuryango barokotse ubwicanyi, barongeye barisuganya, bongera guterana, Liprodhor ikomeza imirimo yayo nkuko yari yarayitangiye. Bidatinze, FPR yari imaze gufata ubutegetsi, yumva ko ntawayivuga ku bwicanyi yakoraga, ibyo yamburaga rubanda, twamaganaga no ku butegetsi bwa Habyarimana, birakomeza. Ibyo byamviriyemo guhunga no gutotezwa. Uwari minisitiri w’ubutegetsi bw’igihugu, Nyandwi Désiré, mu mwaka w’2001, yategetse abaperefe bose bo mu gihugu, ndetse n’uzambona wese, kuzangirira nabi.
Nguko uko naje guhunga, nubwo hari n’izindi mpamvu zatumaga ngira ubwoba bwo guhunga. Nari maze imyaka hafi ibiri mfunzwe, ntagezwa imbere y’umucamanza, ngo mbwirwe icyo mfungiwe.
Nafunzwe n’umucamanza witwa Gakwaya Justin wari ”avocat général” mu rukiko rw’ikirenga, akaba ari na we waje kumvana muri gereza, nta rubanza rubaye. Nibutse ko mbere y’uko ninjira muri gereza, nari narabaye Perefe wa Cyangugu, nza gufatwa ubwo nari maze igihe gito ngizwe ”Chef de service commercial” mu kigo gishinzwe amakawa (OCIR-Café).
A.Nk: Ni iki cyakubabaje muri ibyo byose?
Th. R: Nababajwe cyane n’uko umuryango nashinze nkiri umusore, niyushye akuya na bagenzi banjye, waje gusenywa na Leta ya FPR-Inkotanyi, kuko abayobozi bakuru b’iri shyaka bashyizeho za ”commissions” zo kuwubeshyera ko ufite ingengabitekerezo ya génocide.
Abakoreshejwe mu gusenya uwo muryango bari bakuriwe na minisitiri Désiré Nyandwi, abadepite bamwe na bamwe baturukaga mu ishyaka rya FPR-Inkotanyi, hanifashishwa bamwe mu banyamuryango ba Liprodhor, bashakaga imyanya muri Leta ya FPR. Abo barimo uwitwa Makombe Jean-Marie Vianney, Aloyizi Munyangaju, Jean Bosco Senyabatera, Anastase Gakire, uwari umunyamabanga uhoraho w’umuryango (Secrétaire permanent), Floriani Ukizemwabo, na Bernadette Mukarutabana, wari présidente w’inama y’ubutegetsi ya Liprodhor. Uyu yaje kugirwa depite mu nteko ishinga amategeko, abikesha gusenya umuryango Liprodhor.
Aba bose baje no gushinga icyo bise ”Lien humain contre la discrimination”, umuntu yakwita ubufatanye bw’abantu ngo barwanya irondakoko n’akarere muri Liprodhor. ”Document” nguhayeho ”copie”, bashyikirije bamwe mu bayobozi bakuru ba FPR-Inkotanyi, irerekana amazina yabo ya nyayo yari agize iryo tsinda ryo gusenya umuryango Liprodhor. Amazina yabo ni aya akurikira:
Président: Senyabatera Jean-Bosco, umukozi mukuru wa Liprodhor, akaba n’umuyoboke wa FPR. Visi president: Tumukunde Hope, umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa muri Kigali ngali, akaba n’umunyamuryango wa FPR. Trésorier/Umubitsi: Makombe JMV, umukozi mukuru wa Liprodhor, akaba n’umuyoboke wa FPR. Premier conseiller/Umunyamabanga wa mbere: Twizerimana Théodore, umukozi mukuru wa Liprodhor, akaba n’umuyoboke wa FPR. Deuxième conseiller/Umujyanama wa kabiri: Abijuru Déo, président wa FPR muri Kigali ngali. Commissaire au compte/Ushinzwe ibaruramari: Ngendahayo Edouard, akaba umuyoboke wa FPR. Abandi banyamuryango b’iryo tsinda bari aba bakurikira: Mukarutabana Bernadette, depite wa FPR, akaba yari na présidente w’inama y’ubutegetsi ya Liprodhor. Nkusi Charles: umukozi muri presidence ya Repubulika, akaba n’umuyoboke wa FPR. Ngurwo uruvange rw’abayoboke ba FPR, bari barashinzwe gusenya Liprodhor, no gushinja bamwe mu bayoboke b’uwo muryango ibyaha batakoze.
Uwitwa Makombe JMV, nyuma y’uko agambaniye umuryango yakoreraga, ubutegetsi bwa FPR bwamugabiye kuba maire/umuyobozi w’akarere ka Gasabo, anaba umwe mu bayobozi bari bashinzwe itsinda ryo kwamamaza perezida Kagame mu matora yo mu mwaka wa 2003.
Liprodhor yari ifite abanyamuryango barenga 800 mu gihugu hose, yari umuryango watinywaga cyane n’ubutegetsi bwa FPR, kurusha uko bwatinyaga ishyaka rya MDR, na ryo ryaje gusenywa hakoreshejwe bamwe mu bayobozi baryo.
Nagira ngo na none nkwibutse ko nshinga Liprodhor ntari ngamije kuyiyitirira, cyangwa ngo nyitirire abanyacyangugu nk’uko byavugwaga. Liprodhor yari yarashyizweho kugirango igirire rubanda rwose akamaro, ariko ikimbabaza uyu munsi ni uko ibyo natekerezaga icyo gihe, bitashyizwe mu bikorwa. Ni ukuvuga iyubahirizwa ry’uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu mu gihugu.
Ikindi ni uko mbona ko ubutegetsi bwa Habyarimana n’ubwa Kagame, bwombi butigeze bwishimira ko ubwo burenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu bwubahirizwa, ari na yo mpamvu FPR yashenye umuryango, kugira ngo ibikorwa by’ubwicanyi ikomeje gukora, hatagira umuryango nka Liprodhor ubishyira ahagaragara. Aha ndatanga urugero rufatika nk’urwa Kizito Mihigo, wishwe n’ubutegetsi hakabura umuryango n’umwe wo mu gihugu ugira icyo ubivugaho.
Dore nk’ubu hari abaturage bacyamburwa ibyabo, n’itangazamakuru ryagombye kwamagana ibyo bintu rikaba rikiri ku munigo w’ubutegetsi. Ubucamanza ntibwigenga, abadepite b’abagore bameze nk’indabyo mu nteko, aho Ingabire w’umugore nka bo, wagombye kurengerwa na bagenzi be bo muri iyo nteko, akurungwa mu byondo ntibagire icyo bavuga. Ibyo twatekerezaga mu myaka ya za 90, dukeka ko bizashoboka, kugeza muri iyi myaka ntakigeze gihinduka.
A.Nk: Ubona Kagame na Habyarimana bataniye hehe?
Th. R: Igihugu cyacu gihora muri za muzunga muzunga, zo guhonyora uburengazira bw’ikiremwamuntu. Ni uburenganzira bugenda buta icyizere, aho kugitanga. Ubutegetsi bwa FPR bukomeje guhiga impunzi aho zabuhungiye, iyo ubwo butegetsi butazishimuse, buranazica. Dushinga umuryango Liprodhor, ibyo byaha byose byariho, ariko bidafite uburemere nk’ubw’uyu munsi: impunzi zari zifite ukwishyira ukizana, zishakisha uburyo zataha, ariko ntawigeze azisanga iyo ziri ngo azicireyo.
Habyarimana yari afite uburyo buciriritse bwo kwica, Kagame wamusimbuye uburyo bwe bwo kwica abukoresha yifashishije indege ze. Bivuze ko Habyarimana yagiriraga nabi abo ashoboye, hakurikijwe ubushobozi yari afite kiriya gihe. Kagame na we akaba yica, ahohotera abo ashatse, akurikije ubushobozi bwe bw’uyu munsi. Nkaba nemeza ko yaba Kagame na Habyarimana, bombi ntaho batandukaniye mu guhohotera uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu.
Uti ni ikihe kigereranyo kuri abo bicanyi bombi. Nta kigereranyo nkunda gutanga cy’uko abo bayobozi bombi bishe abantu, ahubwo bose bagiye bagirira nabi rubanda, hakurikijwe ubushobozi bari bafite.
Urugero rufatika ni uko Habyarima yari afite indege imwe yagendaga mo, mu gihe Kagame we afite indege zirenga imwe cyangwa ebyiri, zose akaba azikoresha mu kujya guhiga abo yita ko batavuga rumwe na we, bamuhungiye inyuma y’igihugu. Ubutegetsi bwa Habyarimana bwahohoteraga abantu bubaziza ko ngo batoye ikijuju, ibi bikaba ntaho bitaniye n’abitwaza inkangara uyu munsi ngo basaba ko Kagame yakongera gutegeka u Rwanda, ngo kuko babona ko nta wundi waboneka ufite ubushobozi bwo kumusimbura.
A.Nk: Amaherezo y’u Rwanda ni ayahe mu kubahiriza uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu?
Th. R: Abanyarwanda bakwiye gutinyuka kuko uburenganzira buraharanirwa. Abaturage bakwiye gutinyuka, bakabwira ubutegetsi ko uburenganzira bwabo bugomba kubahirizwa, bashaka bakabizira. Kubaho udafite uburenganzira bwawe birutwa no kutabaho, ukwishyira ukizana, ababipfiriye ntibagira ingano. Abo ni bo dusingiza ubutwari bwabo uyu munsi.
Urugero ni Kizito Mihigo waharaniye ubwo burenganzira kugeza yishwe. Urupfu rwe rwatumye asingizwa kurusha mbere akiriho. Indirimbo ze zumvikana ku isi yose. Ngicyo igihembo cy’umuntu waharaniye uburenganzira bwe. Kizito yarapfuye ariko azazuka nk’intwari. Martin Luther King yarishwe, azira ko yaharaniraga uburenganzira bw’abanyantege nke, ubu yabaye umuntu udapfa (l’immortel) mu gihugu cye no ku isi yose. Imbuto yasize abibye, Barack Obama yarazisaruye. Nelson Mandela yafunzwe imyaka 27, aharanira uburenganzira bwa rubanda mu gihugu cye cya Afurika y’Epfo. Igifungo cye cyamugize umuntu watsinze urupfu (l’immortel). Thomas Sankara yazize guharanira uburenganzira bwe n’ubw’abaturage ba Burkina Faso. Blaise Compaoré wamwishe abaturage barahagurutse baramumenesha. Bashir Al Bashir wa Sudani abaturage baramwirukanye, banamushyikiriza inkiko. Ingero ni nyinshi z’abaharaniye uburenganzira bwabo, baza kubusubizwa, kubera ko babuharaniye.
Intambara turwana iracyari ndende kugirango tugere ku nshingano twifuza. Turacyemera ubucakara, turacyakomera amashyi umuntu udukandagiye ku gakanu. Abakene baracyumva ko bagomba kwemera uko Imana yabaremye. Baracyumva ko bagomba gukomeza gukandamizwa ngo kuko ari uko Imana yabishatse. Ni yo mpamvu bagombye gutinyuka bagahaguruka, bagaharanira uburenganzira bwabo.
Abaturage bagombye kuzindukira mu mihanda bakamagana ubutegetsi bubabuza amahwemo n’uburenganzira bwabo. Bagomba kwibohora ingoyi ibaboshye. Baramutse bishwe baboshye, ntacyo bitwaye kuko n’ubundi bari basanzwe ku ngoyi. N’iyo bajya mu mihanda bakigaragambya, Kagame ntashobora kubica bose ngo abamare. Nibakomeza kwemera gukomeza kuzirikwa ako kandoyi, bazagapfana, kuko n’ubundi bapfuye bahagaze.
A.Nk: Abanyapolitiki bakore iki kugirango abaturage bashirike ubwoba?
Th. R: Abaturage ni bo bagombye kwicyemurira ibibazo byabo, kubera ko ni bo bireba, ni na bo bigiraho ingaruka. Abanyapolitiki baba bari aho, barekereje ko hagira igihinduka kugirango bafate ubutegetsi. Iyo abaturage bihinduriye ibintu, abanyapolitiki baravuga bati noneho turahari, turashaka ubutegetsi. Kizito Mihigo abarusha ubutwari. We ntiyarekereje, kuko nta butegetsi yashakaga. Mandela ntiyarekereje, kuko iyo aba agamije guhiga ubutegetsi yari kubugwaho, kandi si ko byagenze.
Igituma abaturage bagira ubwoba bwo guhagurukira rimwe uyu munsi kugira ngo baharanire uburenganzira bwabo, ni uko mu Rwanda habaye amarorerwa ya génocide, icyo kintu kikaba gituma Kagame ubica, ahora abyitwaza, avuga ati ”mwakoze genocide”.
Urugero: ubwo impunzi zacyurwaga ku ngufu muri 96, abaturage bari bacyuwe ku ngufu, baje bikandagira bavuga bati noneho Kagame ntitumukira. Muri abo harimo abahise bicwa, barafungwa, abandi bararokoka. Abarokotse, bakaguma mu gihugu, ubu batinya kugira icyo bavuga, n’iyo akarengane kaba kabugarije. Icyo batinya ni ukuregwa icyaha cya génocide, n’iyo baba bataragikoze. Abatutsi n’abahutu b’uyu munsi, bakaba bahuriye kuri icyo cyoba, kuko Kagame avuga ko bose azabasubiza aho yabakuye: mu buhungiro. Abahutu yabasenyeyeho inkambi muri Kongo, abatutsi na bo abakangisha ko ari we wabacyuye, abavanye mu bihugu bari barahungiye mo. Muri make, bose abumvisha ko ari we mukiza wabo, ko uwatinyuka kujya mu mihanda yamusubiza iyo mu buhungiro, cyangwa akamwica.
Iryo terabwoba akaba ari ryo Kagame ategekesha, ariko rikaba ridakwiye gutera ubwoba abagize ayo moko yombi; bikaba bivuga ko abagize ayo moko yombi bagombye guhagurukira rimwe, kubera ko ibibazo byabo bose, babihuriyeho.
Ishyaka rya politiki rishobora kwigisha rubanda guharanira uburenganzira bwarwo, ariko nta muturage uyobewe ko kwamburwa isambu ye, ubuzima, nta wundi uzabiharanira uretse we ubwe. Icyo ishyaka ryakwigisha rubanda ni uko ubwo burenganzira yabuharanira, ariko uwo bireba bwa mbere ni iyo rubanda. Uburenganzira bwo kubaho, bwo gutunga ibyawe, ntawe iyo rubanda yagombye kubisaba, irabiharanira.
A.Nk: Hari abakuregaga ko umuryango washinze wari ugizwe n’abahutu, ndetse n’abanyacyangugu, gusa. Ubivugaho iki?
Th. R: Umuryango uvuka nk’uko umwana avuka. Umwana avuka kuri se na nyina; abo bombi ni bo bamenya ko umwana yavutse, bakabimenyesha sekuru na nyirakuru, na ba se wabo bakaza guhemba no kwita umwana. Abo bose iyo bamaze kubimenya, haziraho n’abandi baturanyi ba hafi cyangwa aba kure.
Umuryango Liprodhor wavukiye i Nyakabuye iwanjye kwa Rutihunza. Uko umuryango wagiye ukura, abayoboke bagiye bawugana mu gihugu cyose. Bivuze ko Liprodhor imaze gukura yagizwe n’abanyamuryango baturukaga mu gihugu hose, bashaka guharanira uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu. Kuba abatutsi bari bake muri Liprodhor, ni uko n’ubundi mu gihugu bari bake. Abahutu babarirwa kuri 80 ku ijana, mu gihe abatutsi n’ubundi ari nka 18 ku ijana. Ibyo ni imiterere y’igihugu cyacu. Liprodhor ntiyari ikwiye kubibazwa.
Ku byerekeranye no gushyiraho imyanya mu buyobozi, twashyiraga amatangazo y’akazi ahagaragara. Twasabaga ko abashaka kurushanwa, bakwitabira ayo marushanwa, noneho bagahabwa imyanya hakurikijwe ubushobozi bwabo. Ntabwo waza witwaje ngo uri umuhutu ngo wibwire ko uwo mwanya uzawuheshwa n’amazuru yawe, umuhutu na we ntiyabura umwanya kubera ko ari umuhutu gusa kandi yerekanye ubushobozi.
Iby’abanyacyangugu byo, ntabwo abakozi bose ba Liprodhor bari abanyacyangugu gusa. Urugero rufatika ni uko uwitwa Floriyani Ukizemwabo (secrétaire permanent/Umunyamuryango uhoraho) yari umunya Kigali ngali, kandi ni na we watangaga akazi. Abakuru b’imishinga nka Makombe Jean-Marie Vianney, ntiyari umyacyangugu, yari uwo muri Kigali ngali. Aloyizi Habimana ntiyari umucyangugu, Jean Paul Turindwanimana ntiyari umunyacyangugu, Byuma Francois yari umunyagitarama, uwitwa Francois wari ushinzwe ikigega, na we ntiyari umunyacyangugu.
Iby’abatutsi byo, na bo twari tubafite muri Liprodhor. Gakire Anastase yari umututsi, Gahutu wari perezida wa Liprodhor yari umututsi. Aba bose bari abayobozi b’imirimo muri Liprodhor.
A.Nk: Kuki wahunze aho gukomeza kurwana urugamba rwo guharanira uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu?
Th. R: Guhunga si ubugwari, ahubwo ni ukugirango udapfa, ariko ushakisha izindi mbaraga zatuma ugaruka, ugakomeza ibyo waharaniye. Na Kizito Mihigo bivugwa ko yafashwe ahunga, kandi iyo ashobora kugera mu buhungiro yashoboraga kugera ku cyo yifuzaga kurusha uko yari kubishobora ari mu gihugu. Ibyo gupfa byo ni urugero nk’izindi; ni ”démarche humaine”; iyo inyamaswa irwana igatsindwa, irwana ishakisha aho ihungira. Kizito yari yirutse, uwamwishe ni we kigwari.
A.Nk: Nyamara mu Rwanda haracyariyo indi miryango iharanira uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu. Wowe si ko ubibona?
Th. R: Ibyo si ko jye mbibona. Imiryango iharanira uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu ntikibaho mu Rwanda; n’ihari ubutegetsi bwarayicecekesheje. Abaturage ni bo bagombye guharanira ko imiryango nk’iyo igaruka mu gihugu kandi igakora uko bikwiye, kugirango bajye bayiyambaza. Umuryango nashinze wabonaga imfashanyo z’indi miryango mpuzamahanga, ubu zarahagaze kubera ko umuryango wa cyera wakoraga akazi wari ushinzwe ko guharanira uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu. Abo batangaga ”financement/imfashanyo nta mpamvu ko bakomeza kuzitanga ku muryango ukorera Leta, aho gukora akazi kawo. Ngiyo impamvu Liprodhor n’indi miryango iharanira uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu, uvuga ko iri mu Rwanda, yose isigaye ari igikanka.


text:
Umuyobozi Mukuru w’Ikigo k’Igihgu cy’Uburezi, REB, Dr. Irénée Ndayambaje, avuga ko ibizamini bisoza icyiciro cy’amashuri ari indorerwamo ifasha mu yo gusuzuma umusaruro uva mu rwego rw’uburezi.
Ni mu gihe kuri uyu wa mbere hatangiye ibizamini bisoza amashuri abanza.
Dr. Ndayambaje yavuze ko ibizamini bya Leta ari uburyo bwiza umuntu yapimiramo ireme ry’uburezi, akareba niba rirushaho gutera imbere.
Ati “Ibizamini bya Leta ni uburyo bumwe bwo gupima niba ireme ry’uburezi rigenda rigerwaho. Nabyita nk’indorerwamo itwereka ngo ‘ibyangombwa byose mwabishyize mu mashuri, abarimu mwabahuguye, bakoze inshingano zabo, hanyuma se umusaruro umeze gute’.”
Yakomeje agaragaza ko igikorwa cyose kigaragarira ku musaruro ukivuyemo, bikagaragaza ko uwagikoze yeshe umuhigo cyangwa ko yaruhiye ubusa.
Agira ati “Niba warahinze umusaruro ukwereka ngo wararumbije cyangwa ngo hari icyavuye muri za mbaraga. Navuga ko rero uyu musaruro ugenda uva mu bizamini bya leta nawo ni kimwe mu bitwereka ko hari ibigenda bigerwaho biganisha muri kwa kunoza ireme ry’uburezi.
Kuri uyu wa mbere ubwo hatangizwaga ku mugaragaro ibi bizamini mu Rwunge rw’Amashiri rwa Kimisagara, Umunyamabanga wa Leta muri Minisiteri y’Uburezi, ushinzwe amashuri abanza n’Ayisumbuye, Dr Isaac Munyakazi yabwiye abana ko ari umwanya babonye wo kwereka ababyeyi n’abarezi babo ko ibyo bigishijwe babifashe binyuze mu musaruro bazakura muri ibyo bizamini.
Ibizamini bya leta bisoza amashuri abanza byateguwe na REB, hakurikijwe Integanyanyigisho nshya ishingiye ku bushobozi (Competence Based Curriculum). Ni uburyo buteganya ko ibizamini byose bigomba kuba biteguye mu rurimi rw’Ikinyarwanda.
Uyu mwaka imibare itangazwa na REB igaragaza ko umubare w’abanyeshuri basoza amashuri abanza wiyongereye ugereranyije n’umwaka ushize wa 2018. Icyo gihe abakoze ibizamini bisoza amashuri abanza bari ibihumbi 255173, mu gihe ubu bagera ku bihumbi 286087.
Imibare y’ibigo bikorerwaho ibizamini nayo yariyongereye kuko mu mwaka wa 2018 byari 871 mu gihe muri uyu mwaka wa 2019 byageze ku bigo 938.