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AMAHUGURWA AGENEWE ABASHUMBA
Ijambo rigufi ry’ibanze:
Ndashimira buri mushumba wese wigomwe igihe cye, muri gahunda nyinshi mukunze kugira mukaza gukurikirana aya mahugurwa. Turasenga ngo iyi minsi ibiri izababere iy’imigisha myinshi mu gihe turigushaka gusobanukirwa ijambo ry’Imana—isezerano rya kera nirishyashya mu buryo bwimbitse. Twiringiye ko nitugera kumusozo w’ibihe tuzabana, muzaba mushobora kumenya iby’ubuhanuzi bw’Imana mufite mu ntoki zanyu: aribwo Bibiliya! Turasaba Imana ngo muzashobozwe gukoresha ijambo ry’Imana mu buryo bundi muzaba mwungutse, kugirango mubashe gutanga ubujya nama buhindura ubuzima: kugirango mufashe abo muyobora kwikemuriria ibibazo bahura nabyo mu buzima, kugirango biyunge n’abo bafitanye ibyo bapfa, gufasha abantu kugendera mu bwenge bayobowe n’Imana.
Tukiri kumwe kandi tubahugura kubijyanye no kubwiriza ijambo ry’Imana, twasabye Imana ngo Umwuka wera w’Imana abasige amavuta yo kubwiriza ubutumwa bwiza bwa Yesu Kristo, kandi ngo mwongere kwiyumvamo umuriro w’Imana wo gutanga ubutumwa bwiza buri cyumweru mu rusengero rwawe.
Twebwe tuvuye muri Leta zunz’ubumwe za America tuzi ko twahawe umugisha w’ibintu byinshi kuva ku Imana yacu. “kandi uwahawe byinshi nawe azabazwa byinshi” kubana namwe n’umugisha kuri twe! Benshi muri mwe mwihanganiye imibabaro myinshi tutashobora uretse kuyitekereza gusa. Ibyo mwaciyemo birakomeye kuruta ibyacu. Ariko amahirwe twagiye tugira nayo guca mu mashuli ahanitse tugacukumbura ijambo ry’Imana. Kandi duciye bugufi twifuje gusangira namwe ibyo Imana yashyize ku mitima yacu. Turasaba Imana ngo ibagenderere no gukora imirimo hagati muri twe mur’iyi minsi ibiri tuzabana! Amen!
Pastor Tom
Tom Salter
Watangije Barnabas factor
Pastor akaba n’umuyobozi w’amahugurwa y’abashumba
IRIBURIRO KUR’AYA MAHUGURWA Y’IMINSI IBIRI
Ndashaka guha ikaze buri wese mu nyigisho z’aya mahugurwa. Mwagize neza kuza! Ubu nubwa kabiri nza mu Rwanda; ubushize, inyigisho twagize zarimo umubare mwinshi w’abashumba baje bavuye hirya no hino mu Gihugu baje Kigali. Niyumvisemo ko byaba byiza kubasanga iwanyu tukabegera aho mutuye kandi mukorera umurimo w’Imana.
Dufite igihe kigufi cyane, reka dutangire. Muri iyi minsi ibiri tuzafata gihe cyo kwiga uburyo mwajya mugira inama abantu bo mw’Itorero ryawe, ukoresheje Bibiliya. Na none kandi turafata igihe tuvuge kubyo kubwiriza ijamabo ry’Imana, ibyo nabyo biva muri iki gitabo mfashe mu ntoki zanjye (Bibiliya) mu nyigisho, tuzajya tuvuga no kubindi bintu ariko tuzajya dufata igihe kigufi buri munsi cyo kumva no gusubiza ibibazo, kugirango tugerageze kubaha ubufasha mukeneye.
Kandi ibyo twigisha byose twibanda kuri Bibiliya. Bibiliya n’ijambo ry’Imana, ijambo nyamukuru riboneka muri 2Timoteo 3 :16-17. Havuga ngo « Ibyanditwe byera byose byahumetswe n’Imana kandi bigira umumaro wo kwigisha umuntu, no kumwemeza ibyaha bye no kumutunganya, no kumuhanira gukiranuka, kugirango umuntu w’Imana abe ashyitse, afite ibimukwiriye byose ngo akore imirimo myiza yose ».
Ihame rimwe ry’ingenzi dushaka ku bagezaho niri : twizera ko IKI GITABO (zamura Bibiliya yawe) AR’ IJAMBO RY’IMANA. Nubwo Intumwa Paulo ariwe wanditse aya magambo, twizera ko Imana ariyo yamuyoboye, kandi Umwuka wera yandikishije ibyo dukwiye kumenya, kandi NIBYO BYANDITSWE.
Umukristu umwe w’umwarimu witwa J.I Packer yavuze aya magambo ati ; « Icyanditswe si ijambo ry’umuntu gusa ahubwo n’ijambo ry’Imana rinyuze mu kanwa k’umuntu cyangwa ryanditswe n’ikaramu y’umuntu.
Uwundi murogo wa Bibiliya, 2Petero 1 :21 « kuko ari nta buhanuzi bwazanywe n’ubushake bw’umuntu, ahubwo abantu b’Imana bavugaga ibyavaga ku Mana bashorewe n’Umwuka wera. » Abantu bashorewe n’Umwuka wera—ibi bisobanuye ko Imana, Umwuka wera bagize uruhare rusesuye, mu kureba ko icyo Imana yashakaga kuvuga cyavuzwe !
Bibiliya irihariye mu bitabo byose byo ku isi. Ifitemo ibitabo 66, mu Isezerano rya kera harimo ibitabo 39 ; mu Isezerano rishya harimo ibitabo 27.
Bibiliya yose ibayeho hagati y’imyaka 1.500 na 1.800. Yanditswe n’abantu barenga 40 banditse ku giti cyabo bimwe mu bitabo bya Bibiliya, kandi bari batandukanye cyane : bamwe bari abami, abungeri b’intama, abarobyi n’abakoresha bikoro. Harimo inyandiko zitandukanye ; amateka, Imigani, inkomoko, ibisigo, inzandiko, indirimbo, ubuhanuzi, ubutumwa bwiza, inkuru n’inyandiko z’ubwenge. Harimo itandukaniro rinini ariko mu bumwe bukomeye cyane bukubiyemo inkuru nziza y’ubutumwa bwiza uhereye mu ntangiriro ukageza kwiherezo. Ikimenyetso cyo gucungurwa gihera mu gitabo cy’itangiriro kikagera mu gitabo cy’ibyahishuwe. Ishingiro rya byose ni ukubaho n’imirimo ya Yesu Kristo. Turagirango mu menye ibi; twizera ko IKI GITABO (Bibiliya) niyo soko y’ibyo tubwiriza, kandi ifite ubutware bwayo bwihariye. Ukwiye kuyizera kandi ukayamamaza! Kubwiriza bikubiyemo kubwirana bimwe mu byanditswemo, ariko yose niyo iryo jambo! Bibiliya! Turayizera kandi turayibwiriza! kandi Bibiliya niyo soko y’ubufasha duha abantu mu gihe tubagira inama, icyanditswe navuze kare 2Timoteo 3 :16-17, yuko Bibiliya igira umumaro wo kwigisha umuntu, ku mwemeza ibyaha bye, ku mutunganya, no ku muhanira gukiranuka—ibyo byose biganisha kubujya nama.
Reka mbabwire abo turibo muri make; Jyewe nitwa Tom Salter, nk’uko nabivuze kare ubu nubwa kabiri ngera mu Rwanda, mperuka ino mu myaka ibiri ishize. Ubu ndi umushumba w’Itorero ryitwa Life Pointe, riri muri Woodland, muri California, Centre iri hafi y’umurwa mukuru wa California, Sacramento. Kandi nyoboye Ministeri ku ba shumba yitwa « Barnabas Factor » mugihe kirenga imyaka 10, Imana yanyemereye guhumuriza abashumba b’amatorero, kenshi ibyo bikorwa bikorerwa ahantu heza hitwa Lake Tahoe, mu misozi. Nabatumira kujya kureba kuri za website z’iyi ministeri : www.barnabasfactor.com (ibi byose biri no mu mfasha nyigisho twabahaye) urundi rubuga ni ; www.healthypastor.com izi mbuga za interinet ziri mu rurimi rw’icyongereza, ahari byazabafasha.
Twese uko twaje turi itsinda twagize umugisha wo kwiga, ndashaka kuvuga nihuse ko ; ikibazo siby’ufite aha (kora kumutwe wawe) ahubwo niby’ufite mo (kora ku mutima). Kwiga ni byiza uramutse ubonye ayo mahirwe, ariko ni byiza cyane wemereye Imana ikaba ari yo ikwigisha, ukaba umwigishwa w’ijambo ry’Imana. Jya usoma cyane Imana iza guha umugisha wowe n’umurimo w’Iamana ukora.
Paul Ratzland arifatanya nanjye mu kwigisha cyane cyane yibanda ku Isezerano rya kera, uyu ni umushumba w’Itorero ry’ahitwa Orland Christian Church riri mu majyaruguru ya Calfonia. Yakurikije se wahoze ari umwigisha mw’ishuli rya Bibiliya, uyu nawe ajijukiwe Bibiliya yose, ariko cyane cyane Isezerano rya kera.
Hanyuma kandi turi kumwe na Paul Thompson uturuka mu kindi gice cya America y’iburasirazuba bwo hakurya y’amazi mu murwa witwa New York. N’umukristo w’umujyanama, kandi mu myaka myinshi yaminuje mu byo gufasha abantu bafite ibibazo akoresheje Bibiliya, kugirango abaganishe ku kuri, abayobora mu gufata ibyemezo byiza biganisha ku buzima bwiza. Paul arikumwe n’umuhungu we witwa Josiah, uzajya adufasha gufata amashusho muri kamera ndetse no gufotora hamwe n’ibindi byinshi.
Twiyemeje kubana namwe, turafata igihe gihagije cyo ku bigisha Bibiliya, uramutse warabyize bikaba ari ugusubiramo uratwihanganira. Turaza kuganira ibindi Imana iza kuba yavuganye n’imitima yacu. Hanyuma ejo, Paul Thompson azafata ighe cyo kudufasha kugira abandi inama dukoresheje Bibiliya.
Dutangiriye aho reka Paul Ratzlaff aze atubwire ibiri ku mutima we bivuye mu Isezerano rya kera muri Bibiliya.
KUREBA MU ISEZERANO RYA KERA—(AMATEGEKO)
Ibitabo bitanu bibanza bya Bibiliya byitwa, iby’amategeko, kuko birimo amategeko Imana yahaye aba Isiraeli ikoresheje Mose, nubwo harimo n’inkuru yuko byagenze. Mose niwe wa byanditse.
IGITABO CY’ITANGIRIRO
Izina ry’iki gitabo rikomoka kuri “Septuagint” risobanura “itangiriro, isoko, cyangwa ivuko.” Mu mwaka wa 250 mbere ya Kristo, Isezerano rya kera ryahinduwe kuva mu gihebulayo bijya mukigereki. Umunya mateka witwa Josephus yavuze ko iryo hindura ryakozwe n’abatambyi 72 noneho iri jambo “Septuagint” rikomoka mw’ijambo mukigereki ryitwa “seventy” “mirongo irindwi” Yesu na Paulo bigeze kuvuga kunsobanuro ya Septuagint,.
Itangiriro n’igitabo cyivuga iby’itangiriro. Cyitubwira iby’itangiriro ry’ijuru n’isi, itangiriro ry’umuntu, iry’icyaha, n’itangiriro ry’umugambi w’Imana wo kuzana igisubizo ku cyaha. Ibice cumi na kimwe bibanza bitubwira iremwa ry’isi n’umuntu, uko icyaha cyaje nuko cyirimbura, n’umwuzure wa Nowa nibya kurikiyeho nyuma yibyo.
Igice cya 12 kugeza kucya 50 hatubwira ibya Aburahamu n’umuryango we, aho Imana yari kuzanyura gucungura abantu.
Ibice byingenzi.
1) Kuremwa kw’ibintu (1:1-2:3) Iyo umuntu aza kubaho ku bw’impanuka gusa ntagaciro aba afite, nta shingiro ryari kubaho ryo kumenya ikibi nikiza. Ariko Imana yamuremye mw’ishusho yayo (1:26, 27). Umuntu afite agaciro karuta ak’inyamaswa, ibimera ndetse n’ibindi tubona ku isi. Umuntu afite ubushobzi bwo kugambirira, kuvuga, gutangara, gutekereza, no kwiyumva. Kuko dufite umuremyi dutegekwa nawe nk’uko umwana ategekwa n’umubyeyi we, Imana yahaye umuntu inshingano zo gutunganya isi (1:28; 2:15) ikaguma ar’iyi Mana, (zaburi 24:1) twebwe tukaba abakozi gusa.
2) Gushakana (2:18-25) gushaka cyari igitekerezo cy’Imana si cy’umuntu, intego y’Imana nuko umugore yuzuza umugabo we, noneho akagira agaciro nk’umufasha. Kandi umugambi wayo kwari ugushingiranwa n’umugore umwe k’umugabo umwe kandi bakabana iteka ryose, (Matayo 19:3-6)
3) Kugwa kw’umuntu (3:1-24) Mugihe Eva yatangiye gushidikanya iby’Imana yababwiye, yahise agwa mu cyaha. Inzoka imusezeranya ko azamera nk’Imana (5) buri gihe icyaha kituzaho gishingiye kur’iryo rari ryo gushaka kumera nk’Imana, tukishyiriraho amategeko yacu ubwacu. Ingaruka y’icyaha turayibona muriyo nkuru, byatumye umubano wabo n’Imana ucika, umubano w’umuntu n’abagenzi be, umuntu n’umutima we, hanyuma umuntu n’isi tubamo.
4) Umwuzure (6:1-9:29) uko igihe cyagendaga niko umubare w’abantu wiyongeraga n’ibyaha bikiyongera (6:5) Imana yahisemo gutsemba ikiremwa muntu igatangira bushya iciye muri Nowa n’umuryango we. Nowa n’urugero rwiza rw’umuntu mwiza w’umwizerwa uhamya iby’Imana hagati y’abatizera (Abaheburayo 11:7, 1pet 3:20)
5) Aburahamu (12-23) Imana yahamagaye Aburahamu imuvana mu muryango mwiza ariko wa gipagani, (12:1-3) Aburahamu yemeye umuhamagaro atazi aho azagana (Abaheburayo 11:8) Imana yagiranye isezerano na Aburahamu, imuha umuhungu wo muza bukuru, igerageza kwizera kwe. Ubuzima bwo kwizera, no kumvira kw’Aburahamu bizabere abizera bose urugero. (4:1-25)
6) Isaka (24-26) Imana yahaye Isaka umufasha (24:1-67) Isaka abyara impanga (25:21-26) yari umunya mahoro (26:12-22) Imana ikomereza isezerano yagiranye n’Aburahamu muri Isaka (26:23-25)
7) Yakobo (27-36) ariwe gatoya mu bana ba Isaka, yajyaga ab’umuriganya, akoresha abandi kugirango abone inyungu ze, ntibyabuza Imana gukomeza isezerano ryayo kandi iramuhindura ab’umuntu w’Imana.
8) Yozefu (37-50) bene se baramwangaga kuko yakundwaga na Yakobo cyane, bituma bamugurisha nk’umucakara, ariko ubwo bugome Imana yabukuyemo umugambi ukomeye (50:20)
IGITABO CYO KUVA
Nyuma y’imyaka 400 ishyanga rya Isiraeli ryamaze ari imbata mw’Egiputa, Imana yahagurukije Mose ngo akize Isiraeli (Abaheburayo 11:23-29) ako gakiza kaje gaciye mu byago cumi Imana yateje umuyobozi wicyo Gihugu ngo abone kurekura Aba Isirael.
Ibice by’ingenzi.
1) Kuvuka no guhamagawa kwa Mose (2:1-4:17) Mose yakuriye mu rugo kwa Farawo, ava mw’Egiputa ntiyashaka kugaruka, Imana imwiyereka imusezeranya kumukoresha gusohoza umugambi wayo.
2) Ibyago no kurekurwa (7:14-14:31) Imana yakoresheje ibyago cumi ngo yemeze Farawo kurekura Isiraeli, icyago cya nyuma cyabaviriyemo pasika yo kujya bizihiza/baziririza uko umwaka utashye.
3) Amategeko cumi (20:10-17) Aya mabwiriza yari ay’ibanze ku mategeko y’Imana yageneye aba Isiraeli, atangirana ibyo ishyanga rikwiye kwitwara ku Mana (3-11) akarangizanya ubusabane kuri buri umwe, (12-17)
4) Uko ihema ry’ibonaniro rikwiye kubakwa (25-40) ihema rigizwe n’ihema ryubatse aho umutambyi yajyaga atamba ibitambo ku Mana kubwa Isiraeli, bishushanya kubaho kw’Imana hagati mu bantu bayo.
IGITABO CY’ABALEWI
Iki gitabo nicyo tegeko rigenga abatambyi, kubw’ishyanga ryose rya Isiraeli kugirango babe ishyanga ryera. Iryo zina ryacyo rituruka kwihame yuko abatambyi bagombaga kuva mu muryango wa Lewi, ijambo kwera riboneka inshuro 87, kwezwa rikaboneka inshuro 45. rigaragaza Imana yera yabonetse iruta izindi zose zo mwisi.
Iki gitabo kitubwira ibitambo binyuranye abantu bagombanga kuzana ku Mana (1-7), abatambyi (8-10) kwera kwa buri munsi, (11-22) imigenzo itandukanye (23) nuko bazitwara mu Gihugu Imana yari kuzaha Isiraeli (24-27) ibitambo byatambwaga buri munsi, umwaka ku wundi, bibibutsa ko ibyaha bituma Imana ikura ubwiza bwayo hagati y’abantu bayo, kandi bikaganisha ku rupfu. Ibyo bitambo kandi byashushanyaga Kristo wari kuzaza, ari we wapfiriye ibyaha byacu, (1Abakorinto 15:3)
Ariko iki gitabo ntikibereyeho imigenzo y’amadini, gitanga amategeko atugenga ya buri munsi, nko kumenya ibyo dukwiye kurya, nibyo tudakwiye kurya, itegeko rigenga isuku, Imana ibikorera kwisezerano yuko Isirael ni bitondera ibyo yategetse izabarinda indwara (Kuva15:26; 23:25) Yarabikoze atari kubufindo ahubwo ikoresheje itegeko karemano tuzi kandi dusobanukiwe, kumvira kwabo kwari gutuma Imana ibeza kandi ikabarobanurira kuyikorera, ari nabyo kwera bisobanura.
IGITABO CYO KUBARA
Muntangiriro z’iki gitabo (1) ukageza ku musozo wacyo (26) abana b’Isiraeli barabarwaga, ari byo izina risobanura, byatangiye bava ku musozi Sinayi, aho baherewe amategeko birangira bagiye kwinjira muri cya Gihugu cy’Isezerano kanani.
Ariko hagati mu rugendo harimo imyaka 38, yo kwitotomba, kutizera no kwigomeka. Mu rubyaro rwose rwavuye mw’Egiputa abantu batatu gusa; Mose, Yosuwa na Kalebu nibo bari bakiriho kugeza aho iki gitabo kirangirira, mur’aba kandi babiri Yosuwa na Kalebu nibo binjiye mu Gihugu Imana yasezeranije kubaha.
Kubara n’igitabo kibabaje.
Igikorwa gikomeye mur’iki gitabo cyabaye Ikadeshi-Barunea (13:1-14:45) mu kwitegura kujya mu gihugu Imana yabasezeranije, Mose yatumye abantu bavuye muri buri mu ryango mu ba Isiraeli kujya gutata igihugu, nyuma y’iminsi mirongo ine baragaruka, batanga raporo yuko igihugu ari kiza kandi kirumbuka, ariko abatasi icumi muri bo baciwe intege n’abantu babonyeyo kandi babona ko aba Isiraeli batari butsinde abo Bantu. Keretse Kalebu na Yosuwa gusa nibo bakomeje kwizera Imana no komatana nayo, bizera ko hamwe n’Imana bazatsinda Igihugu.
Abantu bizera inkuru y’abatasi icumi, bicuza icyatumye bava mw’Egiputa, Imana ivugana na Mose ishaka ku rimbura aba Isiraeli ngo izatangirire kuri Mose, ariko Mose arabatakambira. Igihano Imana yari guha Isiraeli kubera kutizera kwabo kwari ukuguma mu butayu bakazashira nyuma Igihugu ikazagiha abana babo.
GUTEGEKWA KWA KABIRI
Mumpera y’imyaka mirongo ine mu butayu bitegura kujya mu Gihugu cy’Ikanani, Mose yavuguruye amategeko ayabasubiriramo ayo Imana yabahereye ku musozi Sinai, abantu bavanye mw’Egiputa bari barapfuye, bityo abana babo bagombaga kubwirwa ayo mategeko y’Imana, bagasubira no mu mubano wabo n’Imana.
Izina ry’iki gitabo cyaitwa “amategeko ya kabiri” kuko bwari ubwa kabiri amategeko asobanurirwa abana ba Isiraeli. Iki gihe aya mategeko yakoraga ku bisiraeli batuye muri Kanani, ari byo bigiye gutangira. Yesu yigisha yajyaga avuga ibiri mur’iki gitabo cyane kuruta ahandi hose mu Isezerano rya kera.
Igitabo cyo gutegeka kwa kabiri giteguye hakurikijwe uko kera bandikaga amasezerano.
I. Ijambo ry’ibanze (1:1-5)
II. Iby’amateka (1:6-4:49)
III. Ibisabwa (5:1-26:19)
IV. Imigisha n’imivumo (27:1-30:20)
V. Itegurwa ry’usimbura no kubisomer abantu (31:1-34:5)
Ijambo “kumvira” rigaragara inshuro 10 naho “urukundo” rigaragara inshuro 22 impamvu nyamukuru yo kumvira n’ukuyereka ko uyikunda (6:4,5) atari ugutinya ibihano cyangwa gushaka ibihembo. Nk’uko Yesu yavuze ati “ni munkunda muzitondera amategeko yanjye” (Yohana 14:15)
Ibice byingenzi.
1) Kongera kwibutswa amategeko icumi (5:1-21) hari itandukaniro hagati ya 5:15 no kuva 20:11 hose havuga kubaha Isabato. Mu kuva havuga impamvu mu minsi yose Isabato ari ngombwa, mu gihe mu gutegekwa havuga impamvu Isiraeli ariyo ikwiye gukomeza Isabato.
2) Ibanze ryo kwizera (6:4-9) mbere ya byose Isiraeli igomba kumenya Imana iyariyo. Ntibakwiye kuramya ibigirwa mana, keretse Imana imwe y’ukuri kandi bagahererekana uko kwizera kubaza bakomokaho, n’ahandi hose hashoboka.
3) Isezerano ry’umuhanuzi uzaza (18:18-22) Imana yakomeza kubaha abayobozi bo mu mwuka, nyuma ya Mose haje Yosuwa. Hagombaga kuba abayobozi batandukanye mu myaka yari kuzaza, iri sezerano ryari gusohozwa no kuvuka kwa Yesu.
4) Imigisha n’Imivumo (28:1-68) kwitondera amategeko kw’abisiraeli kwari kubaha gukomera n’ubutunzi, ariko kuyigomera byari kuzana, indwara, ubukene, ububata, ikimwaro ku Gihugu cyabo, aha tubona Isiraeli yaragiye ibona imivumo cyane kuruta imgisha.
KUREBA IBYO MU ISEZERANO RYA KERA-AMATEKA
Amateka y’aba isiraeri uhereye igihe cya Yoshuwa ukageza igihe baviriye mu Gihugu cya Babuloni bari barajyanywemo nk’iminyago avugwa muri ibi bitabo uko ar’icumi na bibiri. Aribyo: ( Yoshuwa, abacamanza, Samweli 1&2, Abami 1&2 bikubiye mu gice cyitwa “icy’abahanuzi” cyangwa abahanuzi ba kera, n’ikindi gice cyitwa inyandiko. Nabo baba bitwa abahanuzi kuko intego yabo yari ukwigisha, cyangwa bigaterwa n’ukuntu ubutuwa bw’Imana muri Isiraeli bwasohoye mu buzima bwabo.
Hari amagambo nyamukuru mur’ibi bitabo. Irya mbere ni; Ubwami, Abacamanza babonye ko kutagira Umwami kw’Abaisiraeli ari yo yabaye intandaro yo gucumura (Abacamanza 21:25) mu gihe Samweli 1&2 bitwereka guhagurutswa kwa Dawidi no gutegeka kwe nk’Umwami ukomeye kuruta abandi, bikurikirwa no kwanga abami no kwirema ibice, (Abami 1&2 irindi jambo nyamukuru ni “ijambo ry’Uwiteka” uko Imana yajyaga ivugira mu bantu bayo nka Samweli, Eliya na Elisa.
Kubakwa kw’Urusengero rw’Imana, gusimbura aho gusengera cyar’igikorwa cya gatatu cy’ingenzi. Ijambo nyamukuru rya kane ni “kuramya”. Abami ntibareberwa mu mbaraga za gisirikare, cyangwa uko bakemura ibibazo by’ubukungu, ahubwo uburyo biyemeza gukorera Imana cyangwa kutayikorera.
YOSUWA
Nyuma yo gupfa kwa Mose, Imana yashyize Yosuwa mukimbo cye, Yosuwa yayoboye Abisiraeli kujya mu Gihugu cy’Isezerano, hasohozwa Isezerano Imana yari yarabasezeranije mu binyejana byatambutse. Nk’uko agakiza katari ako kutuvana ikuzimu gusa ahubwo katujyana no mu ijuru, bityo n’umugambi w’Imana kuri Isiraeri ntiwari ukubavana mw’Egiputa gusa ahubwo kwari ukubajyana muri Kanani. Ijambo nyamukuru ni “gufata Igihugu” Imana yari yaracyibahaye icyari gisigaye kwari ukugifata.
Ikibabaje nuko kubera kutumvira kwabo byatumye batakijyamo cyose. (13:1) Yosuwa ubwe yigeze kuba umugaba w’ingabo (Kuva 17:8-13) yungirije Mose (kuva 24:13) hamwe na Kalebu umwe mu batasi wizeye ko Isiraeli izatsinda igihugu cy’isezerano (kubara 14:6-9) Igitangaje nuko niwe na Kalebu mubo bavanye mwegiputa bashoboye kwambuka bagera Kanani. Byari bikwiye ko Yosuwa aba ariwe usimbura Mose akayobora aba isiraeli (Gutegaka 34:9)
Ibice by’ingenzi-
1) Guhamagarwa kwa Yosuwa (1:1-9) Imana imuhamagarira kuyikorera, imubwira gukomera no gushikama.
2) Batsinda Yeriko (2:1-6:27) Yeriko yariwo murwa wa mbere wabohojwe n’abisiraeli.
3) Bambuka yorodani (3:1-17) Isezerano ry’Imana risohora binjira mu Gihugu.
4) Bagabana igihugu (13-21) buri muryango uhabwa umugabane
5) Gusoza kwa Yosuwa (23:1-24:28) Yosuwa ahamagarira aba isiraeli kuvugurura imibanire yabo n’Imana yabo yabacunguye n’uburyo bwo kuyikorera, kandi ahamya icyemezo cye cyo kuyikorera. (24:14-15)
ABACAMANZA
Abacamanza bategetse mu gihe cyo hagati y’urupfu rwa Yosuwa no gukora kw’umuhanuzi Samweli. N’ikigisho gikomeza cy’umuryango utagira ubuyobozi buturutse ku Mana, Abacamanza Imana yabahaye s’abajyanama gusa ahubwo bari bafite ibikorwa byo kubatura aba Isiraeli kuva mu bubata bw’abanzi babo, kandi bakanategeka. Iki gitabo gikomeza kivuga ukuntu Isiraeli yataye Imana igakomeza kwimika ibigirwa mana, bituma Imana yemera ko abanyakanani babagira iminyago babatoteza maze bagatakambira Imana, nayo ikabaha abacamanza babatabaye, ubuzima bwakomeje kugenda neza kugeza igihe abacamanza bapfaga, umuzenguko ukongera ukisubiramo.
Igitangaje hano n’ubuntu bw’Imana, igihe cyo Isiraeli yatakambiraga Imana yajyaga ibatabara ititaye kubibi bakoze, kandi mu kubikora igakoresha abantu basanzwe. Hari Ehudi waciye igihanga umwami wabanzi babo (3:15-23) Yoweli wigometse kubitekerezo by’ubugiraneza (14:17-22) na Samusoni wabayeho mu buzima bwo gusambana nuwo yashakaga kuzashakana nawe. Ntaho tubona Bibiliya ibashyiraho ibyaha bakoze. Ahubwo Imana yabakoreshaga kubera ukwizera kwabo (Abahebulayo 11:32-34) ititaye kungeso zabo mbi. Ubwo buntu n’ubushake bwayo biduha natwe ibyiringiro uyu munsi.
Ibice by’ingenzi.
1) Umucamanza witwa Deborah (4:4-5:31) niwe wenyine mu bagore bo muri Isiraeli wafashije Baraki gutabara Isiraeli.
2) Gidiyoni (6:1-8:32) Imana yakoresheje umuntu ufite ukwizera guke (6:36-40) kuyobora abantu 300 kurugamba rwo gutsinda ababisha babo babaruta ubwinshi (7:12) bigaragaza ko ubutsinzi bukeshwa imbaraga z’Imana atari izaba Isiraeli.
3) Samusoni (13:1-16:31) Imana yari yarateguye Samusoni mbere yuko avuka imuha imbaraga zihambaye kugirango azakize abaisiraeli mu maboko y’abafilisitiya. (13:5) mur’iyo minsi nta mwami wari muri Isiraeli, buri muntu wese yakoraga ibumutunganiye.
RUSI
Byabayeho mu gihe cy’abacamanza (1:1) iyi nkuru yo kwizera, guca bugufi n’urukundo bihinyuza igitugu n’amahane byahozeho icyo gihe. Nubwo kwizera kw’abisiraeli kutari gukomeye icyo gihe, ariko hariho bake bagumanye kwizera. Imana iri mu gukora itegeka mu buzima bwa buri muntu buri munsi kugirango izahe umugisha abantu bayo kubw’umugambi wayo. Ntabwo ar’inkuru yo gukundana gusa ahubwo niya basogokuruza ba Dawidi, umwami wab’Isiraeli ndetse niya Yesu wo mu muryango wa Dawidi.
Iyi nkuru itubwira umuryango wavuye muri Isiraeli ukajya muri Mowabu kubera ikibazo cy’inzara, cyangwa ahari hakubiyemo n’impamvu z’ubuyobozi bw’igitugu cy’amahanga. Abahungu babo bashaka aba mowabukazi, ariko bapfusha se nabo barapfa, basiga nyina witwaga Naomi hamwe n’abagore babo. Naomi agarutse iwabo Ibeterehemu muri Isiraeli Rusi yahatirije kumukurikira ngo umuryango wa Naomi uzabe uwa Rusi (1:16,17)
Kuko cyar’igihe cy’isarura Rusi ajya guhumba mu murima, ahura na Boazi nyir’umurima, kandi yari mwene wabo na Naomi, kandi Baozi akaba yashimishijwe n’inkuru yumvise ukuntu Rusi yafashije Naom ahita agura umugabane wa Rusi nk’uko imigenzo y’abayuda yabitegekaga, ahita amujyana amugira umugore we. Imana isubiza isengesho rya Boazi (2:12) Iba ihaye Rusi umugabo, kandi iha umugisha Naomi w’umwuzukuru. Iyo Imana yinjiye mu bintu ibisanzwe birahinduka, ubuzima bugahabwa umugisha bugafata iyindi ntera.
IGITABO CYA I CYA SAMWELI.
Iki gitabo cyitubwira inkuru y’abayobozi batatu batandukanye mu mateka y’abisiraeli, Samweli, Sauli na Dawidi, mu gihe ibindi byanditswe bitubwira ukuntu Imana ikorana n’abantu bayo. Imana yahaye Hana umwana w’umuhungu aza ari gisubizo cy’amasengesho yitwa Samweli bisobanura “icyo nasabye Imana” nyuma abantu basabye Umwami, Imana yatumye Samweli gusiga Sauli amavuta ngo abe Umwami.
Nyuma Sauli agaragaweho no kutizerwa muri uwo muhamagaro, Imana ihagurutsa Dawidi kandi ikoresha Samweli kumusiga amavuta ngo asimbure Sauli. Iki gitabo cyanditswe mu myaka igihumbi mbere yuko Kristo avuka, mugihe Isiraeli itagendaga neza imbere y’Imana, mu gihe Samweli yarakiri muto yibera mu rusengero icyambere yakoreshejwe kwari uguhanura urubanza kuri Eli umutambyi n’abahungu be.
Igihe Isiraeli yasabaga Umwami byari bihwanye no kwifuza kuba nkayandi mahanga y’abapagani byose byari ukubera ibyaha by’ubusambanyi by’abhungu ba Eli?. Kandi nubwo Sauli yahawe isezerano yaje kubona muri Dawidi ko yamusibura, aterwa n’imyuka mibi atangira ashaka kwica Dawidi. Iki gitabo gisozwa kigaragaza Sauli apfa ubwami busigara mu bibazo.
Ibice byingenzi.
1) kuvuka no guhamagarwa kwa Samweli (1:1-3:21)
2) Aba Isiraeli basaba umwami (8:1-22) abahungu ba Samweli ntabwo bubahaga Imana, bari bari kurutonde rw’abazamusimbura nk’abayobozi bayobora Isiraeli. Kubera ko abantu batashakaga abayobozi bameze batyo kandi kuko bashakaga kumera nkayandi mahanga, basabye Samweli ngo abahe umwmami, Samweli abibona nko kumwanga ariko Imana ibibona nko kuyanga ubwayo kuko Imana niyo yari Umwami wabo.
3) Gutoranwa kwa Sauli aba Umwami (9:1-10:26) Sauli yatangiye yicisha bugufi nk’umuntu w’Imana.
4) Sauli ananirwa kuyobora (15:1-35) aho kumvira ibyo Imana yamutegetse byose akabyuzuza, yakoze ibyenda gusa nabyo kandi atari byo, agomera Imana. Uhereye kuri iyi ngingo gukomeza, Samweli ntiyongeye kubona Sauli uretse kumuririra gusa.
5) Dawidi na Goliati (17:1-58) Iyi n’inkuru imwe izwi cyane ivuga kuri Dawidi akiri mutoya ajya guhangana na Goliati, igihangange cy’Abafilisitiya. Nubwo Dawidi yari muto muto kandi adafite uburambe mu bya gisirikare, ukwizera kwe kwatumye ahangara Goliati n’ubuhanga bwe bumushoboza kumwica.
6) Sauli yanga Dawidi (18:10-27:12) igice cya nyuma cyiki gitabo cyitwereka Sauli atera Imana umugongo, ishyari yagiriye Dawidi, n’umwete wo gushaka kumwica.
7) Urupfu rwa Sauli (31:1-13) dore ubuzima bushojwe nabi bwaratangiranye isezerano, kandi byatewe n’icyaha.
IGITABO CYA II CYA SAMWELI
Iki gitabo gikurikirana imirimo ya Dawidi uhereye akiba Umwami mu gihe Sauli yapfaga ukageza kwiherezo ry’ingoma yo gutegeka kwe. Ibi bice icumi bibanza bitubwira guhirwa kwa Dawidi no kwaguka kwa Isiraeli. Ariko igice cya cumi na kimwe kitubwira icyaha cye na Betisheba, n’ubuzima bwe ubutware bwe no gutangira kugenda ukundi uhereye icyo gihe gukomeza.
Ibice by’ingenzi.
1) Dawidi aririra Sauli na Yonatani (1:1-27) Nubwo Sauli yitwaye nabi nk’umuyobozi w’abantu b’Imana, Dawidi yar’akimwubaha kubera umwanya Imana yari yaramuhaye, kandi aririra Yonatani inshuti ye.
2) Dawidi ahabwa intebe y’Ubwami gutegeka Isiraeli yose, (5:1-5) Dawidi aba umwami ukomeye.
3) Dawidi azana isanduku y’isezerano Iyerusalem (6:1-23) mu kuzana iyi sanduku Dawidi ntiyubashye Imana gusa, ahubwo yahinduye Yerusalem umurwa mukuru muby’Umwuka.
4) Umugambi wa Dawidi wo kubakira Imana inzu (7:1-29) Dawidi yashakaga gusimbura igicaniro akubakira Imana inzu. Ariko Imana ntiyabyemera, Ivuga ko izemerera Salomo akaba ariwe uyubakira.
5) Icyaha cya Dawidi na Betisheba (11:1-27) akanya gato ko kugendagenda hejuru yinzu ye byamuviriyemo irari ry’ubusambanyi n’ubwicanyi. Yakobo 1:13-15 asobanura ukuntu icyaha gitangira mur’ubwo buryo, intambwe kuyindi kugeza ubwo kikugeza kukurimbuka kuruta uko wabitekereza.
6) Kwigomeka kw’Abusalomu (15:1-18:33) Dawidi yakoze neza nk’Umwami ariko ntiyakora neza nk’umupapa (1Abami 1:6) Abusalom yarafite ubwibone n’uburiganya. Kandi yaragiye guhirika ubutegetsi bwa se Dawidi.
IGITABO CYAMBERE CY’ABAMI
Urupfu rwa Dawidi, icyubahiro cy’ubutegetsi cya salomo no gucikamo ibice kw’ubwami, nibyo iki gitabo cyibanda ho cyane. N’inkuru irimo byinshi byagezweho, no kwicamo ibice, n’inkuru yakuzurijwe mu gitabo cy’abami ba kabiri. Nk’uko itangira igaragaza ubumwe no gukomera kw’ubwo bwami bwari buyobowe na Dawidi.
Umuhungu we Salomo ayobora Isiraeli mu kwaguka n’iterambere, ariko umwana wa Salomo mu bupfapfa acamo uwami kabiri, aribyo byabaganishije kujyanwaho iminyago n’ayandi mahanga.
Ibice by’ingenzi.
1) Urupfu rwa Dawidi no guharanira kumusimbura (1:1-2:46) nubwo Dawidi yari yarasezeranije Salomo kumusimbura, habayeho guharana kwa Adoniya ashaka kumusimbura ariko bimuvuramo urupfu.
2) Salomo asaba ubwenge (3:4-15) Ubwo Imana yarikumuha icyaricyo cyose akeneye Salomo yisabiye ubwenge. Ntakindi yasabye ari ubutunzi cyangwa icyubahiro, Imana imusezeranya kumuha na byabindi byose.
3) Gutaha urusengero (8:1-66) Nyuma yo gusohoza inzozi za Dawidi Salomo yayoboye abantu mu gikorwa cyo kuramya Imana. Isengesho rye (23-53) niryo sengesho rire rire mu Isezerano rya kera.
4) Kugwa kwa Salomo (11:1-13) yasezeranye n’abakobwa b’abami baba pagani, azana gusenga ibigirwa mana bituma Salomo acika intege zo kunezeza Imana. Kubera iyo mpamvu icamo ubwami ibice.
5) Gucikamo ibice kubwami (12:1-33) Umwana wa Salomo yubahaga se, ariko aza kumvira inama mbi. Ubwo amoko yo mu majyaruguru yitandukanyaga, Yerobowamu abayobora mu kuramya ibishushanyo.
6) Eliya ahangana n’abasenga Baal ku musozi karumeli (18:1-46) Eliya yari yarasengeye guhagarika imvura ari nk’urubanza Imana iciriye aba Isiraeli kubwo kutubaha Imana kwabo, bikoza isoni Baal Imana y’abapagani. Iyi nkuru itwereka uko ukwizera kw’impande zombi aribyo byakemuwe n’igitangaza, ariko ntibyashobora gutanga igisubizo cyo mu mutima kirambye kuruhande rw’abantu b’Imana.
IGITABO CYA KABIRI CY’ABAMI
Iki gitabo gisohoza inkuru yo gucika mo ibice no kugwa kwa Isiraeli na Yuda, bitewe no gukomeza kutizerwa kwabo ku Mana. Nyuma yo kujyanwa kwa Eliya, Elisa ahinduka umuhanuzi mukuru w’Imana mu bantu b’Imana. Inkuru ikomeza ivuga kubijyanye n’ubutegetsi bw’abami bose nuko bagiye bagwa, uhereye ku bisiraeli batsindwa nabasiriya (mu mwaka wa 722 mbere ya Kristo) hanyuma Yuda itsindwa na Ababiloni (mu mwaka wa 606 mbere ya Kristo) Abami bategetse Isiraeli baranzwe no kutizerwa kandi bahindukira izindi mana. Bamwe mu bami ba Yuda barizerwaga ariko bamwe ntibizerwaga.
Ibice byingenzi.
1) Eliya ajyanwa mwijuru (2:1-18) ubwo amagare n’amafarashi y’umuriro yajyanaga Eliya mu ijuru, Elisa yasabye imigabane ibiri y’umwuka wari uri muri Eliya.
2) Gukira kwa Naamani (5:1-27) ijambo ry’imbaraga z’Imana binyuze mu muhanuzi zaguye imbibe mu bindi bihugu. Naaman umusirikare w’umwaramu yagiye muri Isiraeli ashaka gukira ibibembe. Yesu yagakoresheje iyi nkuru nk’ikimenyetso cy’uko yita no ku banyamahanga (Luka 4:27)
3) Gutegeka kwa Yerobowamu wa II (14:23-29) Yerobowamu yar’umutegetsi ukomeye nubwo atubahaga Imana. Igihugu cya Isiraeli cyari cyaramunzwe n’ibibi, abatunzi barenganya abakene. Nyuma yo gutegeka kwa Yeribowamu igihugu cyigabanijemo ibice.
4) Kugwa kwa Isiraeli (17:1-41) Hoseya Umwami w’aba Isiraeli yanze gutanga umusoro wabasiliya ryari ishyanga rikomeye ryiki gihe. Abasiliya batsinda Abaisiraeli bajyana benshi ho iminyago, babanyanyagiza hirya no hio mu Gihugu cy’Abasiliya bigaruriye. Ariko umwanditsi (7-23) avuga yeruye ko icyabiteye ari ukubera ukutizerwa ngo bubahirize isezerano bagiranye n’Imana yabo.
5) Gutegeka kwa Hezekiya (18:1-20:21) Hezekiya yari umwe mubami bubahaga Imana bo mu buyuda, yanze iterabwoba bw’Abasiliya, yategetse mugihe yesaya yari umuhanuzi w’Imana icyo gihe.
6) Ububyutse bwa Yosiya (22:1-23:30) nyuma yimyaka yo kwirengagiza, Yosiya yejeje urusengero no kurusana, mur’icyo gihe habonetse igitabo cy’amategeko ari cyo cyatumye habaho ububyutse muri Yuda. Yosiya yubahaga Imana ariko ububyutse bwa yuda bwari ubw’agateganyo.
7) Kugwa kwa Yerusalem (25:1-26) nk’uko byagendekeye Isiraeli mu kinyejana cyashize, Yuda igira kutizerwa kwatumye itsindwa muri politike yayo. Babiloni ifata Zedekiya umwe mu bami baba yuda bagomye, nyuma ishyanga ryose rijyanwa ho iminyago muri Babiloni rimarayo imyaka mirongo irindwi.
INGOMA ZA MBERE.
Ibitabo by’ingoma bisubira mu mateka yavuzwe n’ibitabo bya Samweli n’Abami, ariko bikayavuga mu bundi buryo, ku mpamvu zitandukanye. Iby’Iyerusalemu n’urusegero nibyo bigwiriye mur’ibi bitabo, mu gihe ingoro n’ingenzi mu bitabo bya Samweli n’iby’Abami. Ibitabo by’Abami byibanda kumateka ya politike, mu gihe ibitabo by’ingoma byibanda ku mateka y’idini. Amagambo y’ingenzi atandukanye ashingiye ku matariki n’impamvu yiyandikwa ry’ibi bitabo.
Ibitabo bya Samweli na Abami byanditswe mbere cyane, ibitabo byingoma byanditswe nyuma yo kugaruka bavuye mu bunyage muri Babuloni. Bishobora kuba byaranditswe na Ezira, ubwo abantu bagarukaga muri Yerusalemu kongera kubaka ubusabane n’Imana, umwanditsi yabonye ko ari ngombwa kubanza kubibutsa amateka yabo ubwabo kugirango bamenye abaribo n’icy’Imana ibashakaho. Nyuma yo gucikamo ibice k’ubwami, uwanditsi yirengagije iby’ubwami bw’amajyaruguru, kuko intego kwari ukwibutsa abantu b’Imana ubwiza bw’Imana bahoranye bakiyumvira. Umwanditsi yavugaga amateka abakumbuza kandi abakomeza.
Ibice by’ingenzi.
1) Igisekuruza (1:1-9:44) kuva kera kose Imana yiyeretse umuntu, binyuze mu gukorana na bamwe cyane cyane Ishyanga ry’Isiraeli. Kuvuga amazina hano ntacyo byaba bimaze kubayobozi buyu munsi, ariko baberaho kutwibutsa ko Imana igihe cyose Imana ishaka gukorera mu Bantu. Uru rutonde rw’aya mazina nurw’abo kwa Dawidi kuko ariwe wari umwami ukomeye mub’isiraeli.
2) Kugwa n’urupfu rwa Sauli (10:1-14) iki gikorwa cyateguriye Dawidi ngo abe Umwami.
3) Isanduku y’isezerano igarurwa muri Isiraeli (15:1-16:6) nyuma y’ibyago bya mbere bamaze kwanga gukurikiza uburyo Imana yababwiye ko bazatwaramo isanduku y’isezerano, none yimuwe neza kandi igera aho yajyaga.
4) Isezerano ry’Imana kuri Dawidi (17:1-27) nubwo Imana yanze ko Dawidi ayubakira urusengero, yashimye ububushake yarafite kandi ivugurura isezerano bafitanye.
5) Dawidi abara abantu mu buryo budakwiriye (21:1-30) Icyo gihe Dawid yashatse kwizihiza gukomera kw’ingabo z’abisiraeli, ikosa rye riba kwibagirwa ko Imana ariyo gukomera akaba n’ingabo z’abantu bayo bari bakeneye. Ubw’Imana yahanaga abantu kubera icyaha cya Dawidi, agura isambu ngo atange igitambo ku Mana, aho ari naho bagombaga kuzubaka urusengero.
6) Amabwiriza ya Dawidi kubyerekeye urusengero (28:1-19) Dawidi amenya ko Imigambi y’Imana iruta iye kure cyane.
INGOMA ZA KABIRI.
Hakomeza inkuru yo mu gitabo cy’Ingoma za mbere, iki gitabo gifite amateka y’umuryango wa Dawidi. Uwa mbere ni Salomo, nyuma n’abamukurikiye bayoboye ari Abami b’Isiraeli, iki gitabo nticyirangirana no kugwa kw’ubwami bw’amajya ruguru ahubwo harimo no guhabwa uruhushya n’umwami rwo gusubira mu Gihugu cyabo bakava mu bubata bagahabwa igihugu cyabo.
Ibice by’ingenzi.
1) Gutegeka kwa Salomo (1:1-9:31) igikorwa gikomeye Salomo yagezeho kwari ukubaka urusengero. Gutegeka byabaye mu gihe cy’uburumbuke muri Isiraeli, umwanditsi yirengagije amakosa ya Salomo.
2) Ivugurura mu gihe cya Asa (14:1-16:14)
3) Ivugurura mu gihe cya Yehoshafati (17:1-20:37)
4) Ivugurura mu gihe cya Yowasi (23:1-24:27)
5) Ivugurura mu gihe cya Hezekiya (29:1-32:33
6) Ivugurura mu gihe cya Yosiya (34:1-35:27)
IGITABO CYA EZIRA
Ezira akomoka kwa Hilikiya umutambyi wavumbuye igitabo cy’amategeko igihe Yosiya yari kungoma (2 Ingoma 24:14) yar’umutambyi utarashoboye gusohoza inshingano ze mu gihe bari mu bubata, yitanga kujya yita kw’ijambo ry’Imana. Yafashije kuzana ububyutse muri Isiraeli binyuze mu gusomer’abantu ibyanditswe, ubwo bishimiraga kurangiza gusana inkike zinzu y’Imana (8:1-18) kuko iki gitabo gitangirana n’imirongo isa niyo icyo mu ngoma za kabiri yashorejeho. Bivivugwa ko Ezira ari nawe wanditse ibitabo by’ingoma za mbere n’iza kabiri. Igitangaza cye nuko atagaragara kugeza mu gice cya 7.
Ibice by’ingenzi.
1) Aba batwayeho iminyago babemerera gutaha (1:1-4) Yesaya 44:26-45:13 ndetse yahanuye umwami uzemerera aba Isiraeli gusubira iwabo nyuma yimyaka 70 y’ububata, nkuko byagaragaye bakeya nibo bashoboye kugaruka abenshi bigumira muri Babiloni.
2) Gusana urusengero biratangira (3:1-18) bamwe batera hejuru ku bw’umunezero ariko abandi bararira kuko bari bazi urusengero mbere yuko rusenyuka (12,13) Ese barize kubera ibyishimo cyangwa babonyeko urusengero rushya rudahwanye n’urwambere?
3) Abagome babangamira umurimo (4:1-24) amahanga aturanye na Isiraeli atarabakunda cyangwa ngo akunde Imana, yakoze ibishoboka byose kugirango abangamire iyubakwa ry’urusengero.
4) Urusengero rurangira kubakwa barutaha (6:13-22) abanzi bamaze gutsindwa, abantu bamaze kubaka no gusana urusengero, hari hasigaye kurukoresha bishimira pasika.
5) Kugaruka kwa Ezira (7:6-10) Ezira yari umwanditsi wize iby’amategeko y’Imana.
6) Ibibazo byabashatse mu yandi moko (9:1-10:17) iki kibazi ntabwo ari cy’imiryango, ahubwo idini. Imana yari yarababujije gushakana n’ayandi madini, kugirango bataza tuma Aba isiraeli bihakana Imana yabo.
IGITABO CYA NEHEMIYA
Nehemiya yari munshingano ya kinyedini ariko yanafashije gusana urusengero n’inkike z’Iyerusalemu, kugirango bongere biyubake nyuma y’igihe bamaze mu buhungiro. Nubwo yarafite umwanya wicyubahiro kandi yizewe ntabwo byamubujije kuwureka akaza gufasha abandi no gukorera Imana. Yari umuntu ukunda gusenga, kuyobora akorera Imana.
Ibice byingenzi.
1) Nehemiya agira akababaro ka Yerusalemu (1:1-11) bene se nabandi bavuye Iyerusalemu bamubwiye inkuru yuko inkike z’Iyerusalem zasenyutse, nehemiya arabisengera.
2) Nehemiya yemererwa kujya Iyerusalem (2:1-8) Umwami abonye Nehemiya ababaye yabajije imapamvu, icyubahiro yahaga Nehemiya cyatumye ahita amwohereza kujya Iyerusalemu gukomeza umushinga wo gusana inkike.
3) Nehemiya genzura ibisabwa (2:12-16) mukugaruka Iyerusalem Nehemiya yabanje kumenya ibisabwa kugirango abone gushaka ababimufashamo.
4) Nyuma yuko abanzi babarwanya (2:17-20; 4:1-8) bitewe no kutizera kwabo, batinyaga aba Isiraeli mu mbaraga, cyangwa byari urwango gusa rwatumye bashaka kuburizamo umugambi wo kubaka.
5) Abubatsi b’inkike (3:1-32) buri tsinda ryos ryahawe aho ryubaka ku nkike.
6) Inkike zimaze kuzura (6:15-19) ako kazi karangiye nyuma yiminsi 52 gusa.
7) Batangira gusenga (8:1-18) nyuma yuko inkike zirangiye, Ezira yabasomeye amategeko mumugaragaro, Nehemiya atangaza umunsi wera, abantu bishimira ibikorwa byuwo munsi.
8) Gutaha inyubako (12:27-43) korari ebyiri ziririmba zizenguruka inkike zubatswe zinezerewe.
9) Gusana birangira (13:1-31) ibintu bimwe birangira gusanwa, ibindi bikurwamo kubwo kubaha Imana.
IGITABO CYA ESTERI
Iki gitabo cyitubwira inkuru yuko hagambiriwe gutsemba abayuda bose kungoma ya Ahasuwerusi Umwami w’ubuperesi, nuko uwo mugambi waburiyemo. Nanone kandi cyitubwira inkomo yo kwizihiza umunsi wa Purim. Iki gitabo ntabwo kivuga Imana mumazina ariko gutabarwa kwayo niryo jambo nyamukuru. Wenda ahari kudashyiramo amazina y’Imana byarindaga umwanditsi, kuko inkuru ivuga kubayuda bahisemo kuguma ubuperesi nanyuma yuko bahawe uburenganzira bwo gusubira iwabo. Uko bimeze kose igitabo cyerekana Imana iri mukazi, rinda abantu bayo, bigatuma habaho inkuru ishimishije kandi iteye amatsiko.
Inkuru ubwayo itangirana nigihe cy’amezi atandatu y’Umwami kugaragaza imbaraga ze, igihe umwami kazi yangaga kumvira Umwami, yarasenzwe bashaka undi, Esiteri ab’ariwe utoranywa ariko umwirondoro we nk’umuyuda kazi bawuhisha Umwami.
Morodekayi mubyara wa Esiteri akiza Umwami bari bamugambaniye, ariko Hamani umunyarukiko akajya yanga Morodekayi kuko atamu pfukamiraga, ibyo bituma ashaka kurimbura abayuda bose. Esiteri ariyanga kugirango agaragaze ububi bwa Hamani ku Mwami ari nabwo yamanikwaga kugiti, abayuda bakihimura kubanzi babo, Morodekayi azamurwa muntera, hahita hatangira umunsi wa Purim kujya bibuka ugutabarwa kwabo uhereye uwo munsi.
KUREBA MW’ISEZERANO RYA KERA—BITABO BY’UBWENGE
Ibitabo bitanu biri mw’Isezerano rya kera byitwa iby’imigani y’ubwenge, iyi migani y’igiheburayo yashyirwa munzego ebyiri; urwa mbere n’iz’amagambo akaze, urwa kabiri nibitekerezo bijyanye n’amagambo; ikibazo ntabwo ari amagambo avugitse mu ijwi ahubwo ibitekerezo binyuze muijwi.
By’amahirwe imigani y’igiheburayo yahinduwe muzindi ndimi ntagitakaye, kandi wayisanga ahari hohose mubitabo bitandukanye, cyane cyane mubitabo by’abahanuzi, atari muribi bivuzwe kw’ari by’ubwenge. Urugero Yesaya 55;8 haravuga “erega ibyo nibwira sibyo mwibwira, kandi inzira zanyu si zimwe nizanjye niko Uwiteka avuga” Kubara 23:19 “harabaza, “Ibyo yavuze no gukora ntizabikora? Ibyavuye mukanwa kayo, no gusohoza ntizabisohoza?” muri buri gace ijwi ry’umurongo ry’isubiramo, noneho ubutumwa bukumvikana neza.
Hari uburyo butatu imigani y’igiheburayo ikozwemo: uburyo bwambere “synonym” Uburyo bwa kabiri “antithetic” na completion. Uburyo bwa mbere “synonym” n’imigani ifite amagambo asa, cyangwa ikoze kimwe, umurongo wa kabiri ugatangira uwambere; “ntiya twituye ibihwanye n’ibicumuro byacu/ cyangwa ngo atange ibihembo by’ibicumuro byacu.” (Zaburi 103:10)
Muburyo bwa “antithetic” umurongo wa kabiri uba unyuranye nuwa mbere, “umwana w’ubwenge anezeza se/ ariko umupfapfa akababaza nyina” (Imigani 10:1) muburyo bwa gatatu umurongo wa kabiri wuzuza uwa mbere cyangwa ukagura icyo gitekerezo cy’umurongo wa mbere. “Igitinyiro cy’umwami nink’icy’intare yivuga/ umurakaje aba agiriye amagaraye nabi.” (Imigani 20:2)
Igitabo cya Yobu, Imigani n’Umubwiriza bifatwa nabyo nk’ibitabo by’ubwenge, bigaragaza ingaruka z’ubuzima bikanigisha, harimo isomo ryihariye rigufi kubuzima mu migani, rigasubirwamo neza mu mubwiriza. Ibi bitabo by’ubwenge bigaragaza agace ku mwijima k’ubuzima, byerekana ko ubuzima atari ukunezerwa gusa cyangwa umukino. Ariko bigatanga uburyo umuntu yakwinezeza mubikorwa bye bya buri munsi.
Nubwo ibi bitabo byerekana ko ubuzima bugoye kandi ko Imana ari ikintu cy’ibanga rikomeye cyane, nyuma bivuga ko Imana ikwiye kwizerwa, ikumvirwa kuko inzira zayo ar’iz’ukuri kandi ziboneye.
IGITABO CYA YOBU
Uyu numugabo w’umukiranutsi, wababaye bikabije cyane. Bamwe bavuga ko cyibereyeho kutwigisha impamvu umukiranutsi ababara, byakabaye byiza bavuze ko cyitwigisha uko umukiranutsi yitwara mu mibabaro. Iyi nkuru ivuga kuri Yobu wari umukiranutsi kandi w’umutunzi, imibabaro ye itangirira mw’ijuru aho Satani yareze Yobu ngo n’umukiranutsi kubera ko Imana yamuhaye umugisha mwinshi cyane. (ubimenye ko izina Satani bivuga murezi) Imana yemerera Satani gutwara umuryango n’ubutunzi Yobu yarafite, Yobu akomeje kwizera Imana, Imana yemerera gukora no ku buzima bwa Yobu.
Bidatinze inshuti za eshatu ziza kumusura no kumugira inama, aha igitabo gikomeza kubivuga muburyo bw’imigani; aba ni Elifazi, Bilidadi na Zofari, bo bemeza ko Yobu abaye atya kubera ibya atigeze yatura. Yobu akomeje kubyima amatwi, Elihu nawe avuga iby’atekereza. Nyuma Imana iramusanga iramuvugisha nkuko yifuzaga kujy’ipaka nayo. Imana imwereka ko atabasha kuyigisha impaka muby’ubu buzima, Yobu aza kwihana, Imana isanga za nshuti za Yobu izicyaha kubwo kumucira urubanza rw’ibinyoma, Imana ihita ishumbusha Yobu ibyo yarafite ndetse imukubira inshuro ebyiri zubutunzi yarafite.
Iki gitabo cyivuga uburyo butanu cyibonamo impamvu y’ibyaha mw’isi.
1) Satani ubwe abona imibabaro nakaho yaba impamvu yo kuva ku Mana (1:11; 2:5) Abantu benshi bavuga ko batashobora kwizera ko Imana nziza yashobora kureka imibabaro nkiyo tubona igakomeza kuba ku isi.
2) Inshuti za yobu zivuga ko umugisha ari inyiturano yo gukiranuka, mubundi buryo imibabaro ikaba ingaruka z’ibyaha. Mugihe gukiranuka kugira imbuto zako no gukiranirwa nabyo bikagira ibihano byabyo, kubimenya biroroshye. Ibyo twaciyemo bigaragaza ko ahubwo umukiranutsi ariwe ubabara naho umunyabyaha akarushaho gutoha.
3) Yobu yasanze imibabaro atari ikintu gikwiriye, ariko yakomeye ku Mana atitaye kuko yari amaze.
4) Elihu we yasanze ko Imana ikoresha imibabaro kutwigisha. Kenshi imibabaro iduha amahirwe yo gutunganya ingeso zacu, ariko si buri kibazo kituzanira ubutumwa nkubwo.
5) Igisubizo cy’Imana mugice 38-42, Imana yerekanye imibabaro ari ubwiru. Yobu ntiyigeza asobanukirwa impamvu yamubabaje ahubwo yashimiye Imana kubw’urukundo rwayo, aranyurwa. Mu mpera ziki gitabo hari byinshi byari bitarakemuka ariko cyiracyavugana natwe uyu munsi, kuko imibabaro nabwo n’ubuzima. Bibiliya ijya ivuga kumateka y’imibabaro y’abakiranutsi gusa. Imana mu mwana wayo, yafashe ibyaha byacu ibimushyiraho arababazwa, binyuze muriyo mibabaro turacungurwa.
IGITABO CYA ZABURI
Mugiheburayo uyu mutwe wiki gitabo “zaburi” witwa amashimwe cyangwa “igitabo cy’amashimwe” mukigereki uwo mutwe usobanura indirimbo icurangwa mubyuma. Nubwo hari benshi banditse zaburi ariko nyinshi zitirirwa izina rya Dawidi. Buri muntu ajya asanga amaranga mutima ye yaravuzwe muri zaburi-atari kuby’urukundo n’umunezero gusa ahubwo n’ibyo kubabara no kurakara. Zaburi ishobora gushyirwa mubyiciro nkuko bikurikira;
1) Indirimbo zo gusingiza Imana kubyo yakoze, nuko iteye, urugero 8, 19 na 29.
2) Amarira no gutaka kwabantu, aturuka mubyago biteye igihugu- urugero 44, 74, na 137.
3) Ibihimbano binezeza umwami, gukorera umwami bihe bidasanzwe- urugero; 2, 18, 20 na 45.
4) Amarira no gutaka kw’umuntu kugiti cye; urugero 3, 7, 13, 25 na 51.
5) Gushima- urugero; 30, 32, na 34.
Zaburi zuzuyemo kristo hafi inshuro 218 z’amagambo mw’Isezerano rishya bayakoresheje bayakuye mw’Isezerano rya kera, inshuro 116 z’amagambo bayakoresheje bayakuye muri zaburi.
Nubwo Kristo atavugwa mu mazina ye ariko zaburi nyinshi zavuze ibye kandi birasohora, zaburi nyinshi z’abami nka 2, 72 niya 110 igaragaza ishusho yacyami/umutambyi, uwariwe wese uruta Dawidi cyangwa uwariwe wese ugaragara nk’umwami wa isiraeli. Murundi ruhande zaburi zimwe nka, 22, itwereka imibabaro Kristo yihanganiye.
Zaburi ziganijwemo ibitabo bitanu bitandukanye; (1-41) (42-72) (73-89) (90-106) na (107-150) mumpera yaburi zaburi muri izi igenda irangirana ijambo ryo guhimbaza Imana. Zaburi eshanu za nyuma 146-150 ni zaburi zihimbaza kimwe niya 150a ifunga ihimabazanya umunezero.
Igice kigufi (117) n’ikirekire (119) muri Bibiliya byose biboneka muri zaburi, ijambo nyamukuru rya zaburi 119 ni “ijambo ry’Imana” kandi hafi buri murongo ufite interuro y’ijambo ry’Imana nka; “itegeko” (1) “ubuhamya” (2) “amateka” (5) na “amategeko” (6) “buri tsinda kumurongo waryo wa munani hatangirana ijambo ry’igiheburayo, ubwo rero inyuguti 22 z’igiheburayo mur’ayo matsinda zingana n’imirongo 176.
IGITABO CY’IMIGANI
Imigani n’igitabo kigufi gitanga inyigisho kubuzima. Umwanditsi umwe yaravuze ati “imigani ninteruro ngufi zavuye mubuzima bwigihe kirekire” iki gitabo cyuzuye imvugo zimeze gutyo, ziganisha kurubyiruko, (1:4,8) ni ngombwa kwibuka ko Imigani kenshi ivugira. Isobanura ibisanzweho nubwo byose aba atari ukuri buri gihe.
Urugero; imigani ivuga ngo umukiranutsi azagubwa neza, ubusanzwe nibyo ariko kandi tubona ubuzima bwa Yobu bugaragaza ko umukiranutsi ashobora kubabazwa. Na Yesu wuzuye ubumana kuruta bose byagaragaye ya babajwe bikabije.
Salomo (reba 1Abami4:32-34) hakubiyemo ibiri mugitabo byose, (10:22-22:16 na 25:1-29:27), nubwo Hezekiya mu myaka 250 nyuma ya Salomo nawe yongeyeho, (25:1) nk’uko n’abandi babigenje.
Ibice icyenda byambere bibanza bifite andi magambo nyamukuru muburyo bwagutse ariko uhereye ku 10:1, biba byiza gusoma buri mvugo nyuma yiyindi, nkuko nubundi bikurikirana uhereye kuri yo ngingo gukomeza. Iki gitabo kiri mubice 8, ibice 1-9, bitubwiraho kubyerekeye gusenga; 10:1-31:9 harimo imvugo esheshatu, naho 31:10-31, harimo imvugo y’isubiramo itaka umugore.
Amagambo y’ingenzi.
1) Imana n’umuntu: Imigani ntabwo ar’imvugo itubwira uko twaba abatunzi, tukagubwa neza mubuzima gusa, ahubwo bitwereka isano yahafi ubwenge bufitanye n’imyifatire myiza. Ukurikije bikuyoboye wakubaha Imana kandi ugatunganirwa.
2) Umupfapfa: umunyabwenge buri gihe aba atandukanye n’umupfapfa, kugirango ugire icyo ugeraho, hari ingingo eshatu zakoreshejwe gusobanura umupfapfa; iyambere n’umuntu woroheje mu mutima, iya kabiri; n’umukobanyi w’umunyamwaga, iya gatatu ni; umunyamagambo, unegura abandi, utajya yubaha abanyabwege cyangwa bubaha Imana.
3) Ubunebwe: Ibi bice biburira abantu kudatangiza ibintu hanyuma ngo ntibabisohoze, ninde utazashaka kwigora, umunyamwete muke.
4) Inshuti: ibi bice bitwereka umuntu wumwizerwa, inyangamugayo kandi wirinda. Bene uwo n’ubutunzi bukwiye gufatwa neza, kandi n’umugisha ufite ingororano.
5) Umuryango: Imigani nagapfunyika karimo iby’umubano hagati y’umugabo n’umugore, abana n’ababyeyi, yerekana umugore mwiza ko ari umugisha utanga n’Imana, (18:22; 31:10-31) kandi atoza abana imico myiza akabahanira gukiranuka.
6) Ubukire n’ubukene: Igitabo cy’imigani si cyitwigisha gukira, ntanubwa gihimbaza ubutunzi, ariko gitanga impanuro uko watunganirwa, kandi cyikatuburira ububi bwa byombi, (30:7-9) kandi cyitwereka Imana ko ariyo ikwiye gushyirwa imbere ya byose.
7) Amagambo: habamo imbaraga zikomeye mu magambo, nubwo afite aho agarukira, kivuga ko amagambo akwiye kuvuga ibyo kwizerwa, atari ay’uburiganya, makeya, atari menshi, atuje atarimoumujinya, kandi atarimo ubupfapfa.
IGITABO CY’UMUBWIRIZA
Urebeye hejuru, kibi cyidafite umumaro. Cyigaragaza ishusho y’ubuzima ko ari ubusa no kwiruka inyuma y’umuyaga. Kenshi cyifashishwa n’abavuga ko nta Mana ibaho, ubundi cyigaragara ishusho nziza y’umugereki w’umunyabwenge bwisi, kuruta uko gishushanya ubwenge bwo kumenya Imana. Ariko imvugo nkizo zibuzemo inshinga “munsi y’ijuru” umwanditsi avugako ibyo umuntu ageraho byose atari Imana ibimuhaye ari ubusa. Ari igihe n’umwete bipfuye ubusa.
Mugihe ibisobanuro atanga yuko mungorane ariho umuntu ayoborwa mukwishimira ubuzima bwe, kuko ubuzima ari impano Imana itanga. Kandi umwanditsi asoza atanga ubutumwa ko buri muntu akwiye kubaha Imana no gukomeza amategeko ye, kuko ariwe uzahana ababi, akagororera abeza. (12:13,14)
Umwanditsi yiyita “umubwiriza” mwene Dawid, Umwami w’Iyerusalem, byagaragaye ko byanditswe na Salomo amaze gusaza, asubiza amaso inyuma mumasomo yakuye mubuzima. Salomo nkumuntu ukomeye, umutunzi, umunyabwenge yari mumwanya wo kuba yo kwiga, kumenya nkuko igitabo cye cyibyifuza.
Nyuma y’ijambo rigufi ry’iriburiro, umubwiriza akomeza avuga ubushakashatsi bwe ku bintu bitandukanye by’ubuzima: Ubumenyi, (1:3-11) ubwenge bw’Imana, ubwenge bw’isi (1:12-18) Ibinezeza (2:1-11) Gukora no gutunga ibintu (2:12-26) Ibitera urupfu (3:1-15) Ubutabera (3:16-4:16) Idini (5:1-7) Ubukungu 5:8-6:12) n’imyifatire myiza (7:1-12:12) iki gitabo uko kingana gihishura ibanga ry’ubuzima, gucika integer, kugubwa nabi, ariko ahamagarira abantu kuba munsi yubutware bw’Imana, kuyiringira no kuyizera biganisha kubwenge no kugira ubuzima bwo kunyurwa.
INDIRIMBO ZA SALOMO
Iki n’igitabo cyuzuyemo ibisingo by’urukundo, bivugwa n’umugabo n’umugore, ibyo nibyo bigize iki gitabo cyose. Ariko abayuda n’abandi bakristo bavuga ibintu bitandukanye bikwiye kuba insobanuro y’iki gitabo; mbese bishushanya urukundo rw’Imana n’ubusabane bwayo n’Isiraeli? Ese bishushanya urukundo rwa Kristo n’Itorero? Ese byaba ari ubusabane bwa Kristo n’umukristo kugiti cye?
Buri gitekerezo muribyo kibona igitabo nk’igishushanyo cy’ubuzima, ariko igitabo ubwacyo nta mpamvu kivuga zo kwakira icyo gitekerezo. Murundi ruhande, ahari kumenya neza iki gitabo n’ukukirebera mu rukundo hagati y’umugabo n’umugore, tukagitwara uko kimeze. Cyigaragaza imvugo yeruye kandi iganisha kuguhuza imibiri, bitwibutsa ko Imana ishaka ko twishimisha murukundo rw’immibiri nuwo yaduhaye.
Gitanga urugero muby’imibonano mpuza bitsina ikabije, murundi ruhande kigaragaza ububi no kwanga imibonano mpuza bitsina.
Inkuru ishushanya umuhungu n’umukobwa bakundana, buri muntu akibona murukundo rw’undi kuburyo batandukanye bya babibabaje, ibisobanuro gitanga gishingiye kubyo mugiturage, bityo uba mumujyi akwiye ibisobanuro bihagije.
Nyuma ababiri barabana bakishimira urukundo rwabo; “amazi menshi ntiyshobora kuzimya urukundo rwinshi/nubwo imigezi yarutembaho/niyo byasaba umuntu gutanga ibyatunze byose byaba ntacyo bitwaye, (8:7) kuko urukundo rw’abashakanye nishusho y’urukundo rw’Imana n’abantu bayo. (Abefeso 5:22-33) birakwiriye ko igitabo cye cyishimira urukundo rumeze rutyo.
KUREBA MW’ISEZERANO RYA KERA—UBUHANUZI
Nubwo abantu bajya bakira ijambo riturutse ku Mana, bajya barica kuruhande. Kuvuga gutyo gukunda kunenga, ahubwo nukugaragaza kamere y’umuntu ku cyaha, muri urwo rwego, tuba dukeneye umuntu wo kuduhamagarira kugaruka mu busabane n’Imana. Uyu niwo mwanya abahanuzi ba Isirael bari bafite, Imana yari yaratanze uburyo bwo gutamba ibitambo nk’inzira yo kuramya Imana no gukura abantu mukato k’ibyaha.
Ariko hari igihe Isiraeli yasigaranye imigenzo gusa, aho ibyo bitambo byasimbuye ukumvira no kubaha Imana. Icyo gihe abahanuzi bashoboraga kugaragaza ko Imana itabishyigikiye nagato. (Yesaya1:11-16), Yeremiya7:21-26, Hoseya 6:6, Amosi 5:25, Mika6:6-8) Icyo bashaka kuvuga nuko Imana itashakaga imigenzo ahubwo ishaka kumvira no gukiranuka.
Hari ho amagambo atatu asobanura “umuhanuzi” irya mbere rigaragaza ko hari umuntu wahamagawe n’Imana, ikaba yaramuhaye kuyivugira. Ubuhanuzi s’ubutumire bwo gukorana n’Imana, ahubwo n’inshingano yo kuvugira Imana (2Petero 1:21) Ayandi magambo abiri asigaye asemurwa nka “bamenya” bivuga ko Imana ihamagara umuntu ikamuha ubushobozi bwo kureba ibintu muburyo bwo mu mwuka, abandi batabona. Umuhamagaro wo gukora ushobora kuza muburyo butandukanye.
Kubwa Yesaya byari ukubona iyerekwa murusengero (6:1-13) bamwe nka Yeremiya na Yonah, bakiriye umuhamagaro w’Imana. Kuri Hosea umuhamagaro waciye mugushaka- urushako rugaragaza umubano w’Imana na Isirael. Abahanuzi bavuga bati “ijambo ry’Imana ryanjeho” ariko uburyo ryaje biba ari ubwiru. Ukuri nuko ijambo riza ririmo amategeko ya Mose, kandi ubutumwa bw’abahanuzi buba burimo ibisa n’ibyundi biduhamiriza ko, koko ryari ijambo ry’Imana.
Rimwe na rimwe abantu bitiranya “umuhanuzi” nu “umuraguza mutwe”. Ntabwo bias, ahubwo umuhanuzi yari umuntu ufite ubusabane n’Imana bwa hafi, washoboraga gusobanura ibyashize, akagaragaza n’ibiriho, yabaga azi ibihe aho bigana, ayobowe n’umwami udukunda, ukiranuka, Imana ikomeye. Kandi iyo umuhanuzi yavugaga ibizaza,ntiyabaga ashaka kunezeza abantu, ahubwo kwari ukugirango abantu bihane, urugero Yohana umubatiza, umuhanuzi wa nyuma, yahamagaye abantu ngo bihane kuko ubwami bw’Imana buri hafi (Matayo 3:2) uruanza rw’Imana ruzaza rucirwa ababi, no kugororerwa kw’abeza kugomba kudutera umwete wo kumvira Imana.
Intego ni nyinshi zigaragara mu buhanuzi, babonye Imana nk’umutegetsi mu bihe byose, kugeza aho bashushanya ingoma zigihe cyabo nka “ibikoresho” muntoki z’Imana (Yesaya 10:5-15) kubera ubumana bwe, icy’ibanze umuntu akeneye n’ukuba mu bumwe n’Imana. Ubwo bumwe nurufatiro rwa ngombwa ku buzima bwiza, umuryango ukomeye, abahanuzi batangaga ubutumwa burimo, urubanza ndetse n’ibyiringiro, biganisha igihe cya mesiya kizaza. Ariko Yesu yavuze ko amagambo yabahanuzi niwe yavugaga (Luka 24:27) Yohana 5:39) no kubwiriza ubutumwa bwiza (Luka 24:44-48.
YESAYA
Izina Yesaya rvuga “agakiza ka Yehova” ariryo zina ry’iki gitabo. Yesaya siwe muhanuzi wa mbere, ariko yarakomeye kuruta abandi, rero birakwiriye ko igitabo cye cyashyirwa mumwanya wa mbere mubitabo by’abahanuzi. Yatangiye umurimo we mugihe Umwami Uziya yapfaga (6:1) nko muri 740 mbere ya Kristo, yakoze mugihe cy’imyaka 40 kungoma za Yothamu, Ahazi na Hezekiya ndetse no mugihe cyo gutegeka kwa Manase. Nubwo yari azi ko amagambo ye yari kugwa mu matwi yapfuye, yahanye mukwizera, ntiyigeze yibagirwa uko yahamagwe. Avugwaho mw’Isezerano rishya kuruta abandi mw’Isezerano rya kera, kugeza ubwo iki gitabo bakise “ubutumwa bwo kwizera”
Ibice byingenzi-
1) Kwangirka kwa Yuda (1:1-5:30) Yesaya asobanura gucumura kw’igihugu Imana yamwoherejemo. Yesu yakoresheje “indirimbo y’uruzabibu” (5:1-7) intego yiyo ndirimbo kwari uguciraho iteka abayobozi b’iby’Umwuka muri Isirael. (Matayo 21:33-41) Imana itanga imbabazi yinginga abantu ko batunganya ibyabo nayo. (1:18)
2) Umuhamagaro wa Yesaya (6:1-13) ntashobora kwibagirwa iri hishuruirwa mu kwera kwayo, gutandukanye no gukiranirwa kwe nukw’abantu bayo. Yabonye kwezwa n’Imana, yitangira umurimo w’Imana, akajya avugana n’abantu b’Imana, atitaye kubushake bwabo bwo kumutega amatwi.
3) Umwami w’Amahoro (9:1-7) imiryango ya Zaburoni n’iya Nafutari mu majyaruguru, Galilaya yabaye iya mbere gutsindwa no kuvogerwa n’abasiriya. Ariko bakabaye abambere kubona umucyo muruwo Yesu wakuriye kandi akaba muri Nazareti, atangirira umurimo we I kana.
4) Umwami utngaye,–Ubwami butunganye (11:1-12:6) hano hari ishusho ya Yesu wari kuba uwo mu rubyaro rwa Dawidi (11:1) n’ubwami bw’iteka yari kuzana.
5) Imana iburira abantu kuby’urubanza (13:1-23:18) Imana ihitamo kubaka ubufatanye na Isiraeli, ariko agahana amahanga abahora ibyaha bya Isiraeli.
6) Hezekiya aterwa ubwoba (36:1-39:8) Nyuma yo kunesha ubwami bw’amjyaruguru, ariyo Isiraeli, Abasiriya bashatse kubikorera na Yuda, aho Hezekiya yari Umwami, ariko Imana ikiza Yuda. Hezekiya yari yarabwiwe ko azapfa, ariko Imana imukiza urupfu, imwongera imyaka icumi n’itanu yo kubaho kwe, igihe Babuloni yoherezaga intumwa Iyerusalem Imana nabwo iramukiza, nubwo Yesaya yari yarahanuye ko Babuloni izanesha ndetse igatwara abantu ho iminyago.
7) Gucungurwa kw’igihe kizaza (40:1-11) kugeza ubu imvugo y’igitabo irahinduka; kugera aha Yesaya yari akibanda kw’iterabwoba ritewe na Siriya. Yuda ikazakizwa amaboko yAbasiriya ariko igatsindwa na Babiloni. Hakazabaho gukizwa no kugarurwa mugihugu, kubwizo mpamvu Yesaya agahumuriza abantu b’Imana. Ariko gucungurwa kwa Yuda ibona ko gucungurwa kwabo kuzabaho binyuze muri Mesiya uzaza.
8) Guterwa kw’amadini y’abapagani (44:9-17) Yesaya agaya abiringira ibigirwa mana bitagira ubuzima.
9) Indirimbo enye z’abashumba (42:1-9; 49:1-7; 50:4-9; 52:13-53:12) Imana yari yaragambiriye gukoresha Isiraeli kugera kumahanga yandi, ariko Isiraeli ubwayo ntiyubahirje ukwizerwa kwayo, bityo umushumba wari kuba ibyiringiro byisi ntibari bakibaye Isiraeli ahubwo Kristo. Iyi migani enye ishushanya Kristo n’imirimo ye.
10) Kugaragazwa kw’umugaragu (61:1-4) Igihe Yesu yavugaga umugambi n’intego ze murusengero rw’Inazareti, kera mu murimo we yasomye iyi nkuru kandi avuga ko ayisohoje.
YEREMIYA
Yeremiya yabayeho imyaka 100 nyuma ya Yesaya, Imana yamuhamagariye gukora imirimo igoye kandi imuca integer. Mugihe yuda yari ikomeje kogomera Imana, Yeremiya yahise ahabwa akazi ko gutangiriza igiuhugu cye urubanza. Ahita afatwa nk’umugambanyi mukubwira Umwami ngo yishyire mu maboko ya Babiloni (34:1-22; 38:17-23) ariko yahanuye ko ububata bwabo buzarangira nyuma y’imyaka mirongo irindwi. (25:9-12) Imana ntizarimbura Yuda burundu.
Yeremiya yerekana ishusho y’inkuru y’ubuzima bwe kuruta undi muhanuzi wese. Imana yamutoranije mbere yo kuvuka kwe (1:5) kandi yatangiye umurimo akiri mutoya (1:6) Imana yamubujije gushaka, kubera ibihe bibi bigoye (16:1-4) yaranzwe, yarakubiswe, arafungwa (20:1-3:37:11-16) ntiyarafite ubushizi bw’amanga nk’ubwa Eliya, cyangwa ngo abe azi kuvuga nka Yesaya. Ariko kubabara kw’umutima we bigaragaza uko umutima w’Imana ubabaye kubwo kutizera kwa Yuda.
Ibice byingenzi—
1) Umuhamagaro wa Yeremiya (1:1-19) Yagize akazi utashimirwa, ariko kagombaga gukorwa.
2) Umukandara wangiritse (1:1-27) Rimwe na rimwe abahanuzi bakoraga udukino, turimo ibikorwa bibwira abantu ubutumwa bwiza. Ntamunezero Yeremiya yagize mukubwira Yuda ubu butumwa bwo kuzarimbuka (13:17)
3) Kubuzwa gushaka (16:1-4) Kwanga gushaka mu muryango ufite umuco aho kuba ingaragu kutabaho. Yeremiya yerekanye uko ibikangisho byari biteye ubwoba kuri Yuda byari biri, kuburyo ntaho kuzarerera abana.
4) Umubumbyi n’ibumba (18:1-10) Imana ifite uburenganzira budashidikanywaho bwo gukora uko ishaka ku bantu bayo, nk’uko umubumbyi abigenza kw’ibumba rye. Ntabwo ibintu byatugendekera nkuko tubyifuza (18:7-10)
5) Icyaha cya Zedekiya (21:1-4) Umwami w’umunyantege nke Zedekiya yiringiye kumva ihumure rivuye kuri Yeremiya, ariko akabwirwa ko Imana ubwayo imurwanya kandi Izamutsinda.
6) Urwandiko rwo mubuhungiro (29:1-32) Ibihuha bibabwira kwigumira muri Babiloni, Yeremiya abagira inama yo kwicara bagatuza. Ubuhunzi buzamara imyaka mirongo irindwi, igihe gihagije ngo Imana ikore ibyo yagambiriye. Kuko yari igifite imigambi myinshi kubantu bayo. (29:11-13)
7) Isezerano rishya (31:31-34) Imana yari kugirana isezerano rishya n’abantu bayo, kandi ikabafata muburyo butandukanye. Abaheburayo 8 ni 10 havuga ko ibyo byasohoye mugihe cy’imirio ya Kristo.
8) Umwami atwika umuzingo wa Yeremiya (36:1-32) Imana yabwiye Yeremiya kwandikira Yuda ngo bihane, ubutumwa babusomeye Umwami, arabutwika, Imana irongera ibwira Yeremiya kongera kubyandika.
9) Kugwa kwa Yuda (39:1-44:30) Ubuhanuzi bwa Yeremiya burasohora Yerusalemu iragwa, Zedekiya arafatwa arahanwa, abigomeke baricwa, Yeremiya ajyanwa mw’Egiputa.
AMAGANYA YA YEREMIYA.
Iyi migani y’amaganya aririra kurimbuka kw’Iyerusalem irimbuwe n’ingabo za Babilon. Igice cya 1,2 n’icya 4 bitangizwa n’inyuguti zisa, nazimwe munyuguti 22 z’igiheburayo zitangira umurongo. Igice cya 3 giha inyuguti imwe imirongo eshatu kurutonde rumwe. Impamvu yo kurimbuka kwa Yerusalem ivugwa mu gice cya 1:8, “yerusalem yaracumuye bikabije/yabaye nk’umwami wanduye…” umwanditsi yishiira gukiranuka kw’Imana 3:22,23 kikaba ari igice kizwi cyane mur’iki gitabo. Umurongo wa nyuma (5:19-22) usaba imbabazi z’Imana no kugarurwa.
EZEKIYERI
Ezekiyeri yar’umutambyi ariko ntiyigeze akora umurimo w’ubutambyi kuko yajyanyweho umunyago kandi akurwa iBabuloni mugihe cy’ubunyage. Icyo gihe yari mu myaka 20 amaze kugeza 30 aho yakabaye atangira ubutambyi, ahamagarwa mu murimo w’Imana (1:1) yabayeho mugihe kimwe na Yeremiya na Daniyeli. Yeremiya yahanuriye abari barasigaye mugihugu cy’Ibuyuda, Daniyel nawe yakoraga mungoro y’Umwami w’Ibabuloni. Ariko Ezekiyeli we yahanuriraga abajyanwe ar’imbohe muri Babuloni umurimo we yawukoze mugihe gikomeye abantu baragomeye Imana banga ubutumwa ibatumyeho. Kugirango bamwumve yakoreshaga udukino turimo ibikorwa bivuga, amashusho yatwo amwe tuyasanga mu gitabo cy’Ibyahishuwe.
Naho Yeremiya we yajyaga aca imigani, yikoragaho inshingano ze kugiti cye imbere y’Imana, akigira igishungero, umurimo we ukaba ari uguhamagarira abantu kubana n’Imana neza.
Ibice by’ingenzi
1) Umuhamagaro wa Ezekiyeri (2:1-3:27) Ezekiyeri yagombaga kubwiriza abantu atitaye kukutamutega amatwi kwabo. Inshingano ze nugutanga ubutumwa, atari igihe bari bu byumve cyangwa babyumvire.
2) Akina ukuntu yerusalemu izarimburwa, (4:1-5:17) aharura itafari, akora umugati, no kwiharangura ibi byose byarakoreshejwe kugaragaza uko Yerusalem izagwa.
3) Igishushanyo cy’umugore utizerwa (16:1-63) Ezekiyeri agaragaza abantu b’Imana nk’umugore ubereye mo imyenda umugabo we, kandi akamwanga akigira indaya, akazahura n’ibihano bimukwiriye.
4) Kwihanirwa kugiti cyawe (18:1-32) Imana ntizahana umuntu Imuhora ibyaha by’undi, keretse ibye, ariko kwihana bizakiza umunaybyaha bimutere kwiyunga n’Imana.
5) Ohola na Oholiba (23:1-49)Ibi bishushanya Samariya na Yerusalemu, imirwa mikuru ya Yuda na Isiraeli, nk’abakobwa babiri babasambanyi, bazahanwa kubera ubusambanyi bwabo.
6) Ubuhanuzi buhanurira amahanga ibihano (25:1-32:32) Na none Imana ibaraho amahanga ibyaha, si Isiraeli yagiranye nayo isezerano gusa.
7) Inshingano z’umurinzi (33:1-20) Ezekiyeri asubira mur’ubu butumwa bwinshingano z’umuntu ku giti cye. Nk’uko umurinzi urinda umurwa ajya awuburira, niko n’abagaragu b’Imana bagomba gukora.
8) Imikorere mibi y’abashumba b’Isiraeli (34:1-31) Abo Imana yahamagaye kuba abashumba bo mu mwuka ku Bantu be bananiwe inshingano zabo. Ariko Imana izahagurutsa Dawidi (23, 24) nk’umushumba mushya. Yesu mwene Dawid yakoresheje uyu mugani, yivugaho muri Yoha 10 yuko ariwe “mwungeri mwiza”
9) Ikibaya kirimo amagufka yumye (37:1-28) Imyaka 10 mu buhungiro, abantu b’Imana batakaje ibyiringiro, igihugu nacyo cyarapfuye. Ariko nk’uko Imana yakoresheje Ezekiyeri kubwiriza amagufka yumye, niko yakoresheje kubwiriza kugirango itange ubuzima bushya ku gihugu. Kugaruka kwabo kugashushanya ubugingo bw’iteka muri Kristo—“umugaragu wanjye Dawidi” (24)
10) Gogi na magogi (38:1-39:29) Ezekiyeri ashushanya igitero kizaturuka mu majyaruguru, gutera abantu b’Imana. Imana ikazafata izo ngabo, ikazirimburira icyarimwe. Ezekiyeri ashyira iri yerekwa mbere yihishurirwa yagize ry’urusengero rushya, aho Imana izaba mubantu bayo. Igice gisoza cy’ibyahishuwe kivuga kimwe niki, aho Yohana yabonye Gogu na magagu ateranira kurwanya ingabo z’Imana, hanyuma bakaneshwa, mbere y’urubanza rw’iteka agahita abona ijuru rishya n’isi nshya.
11) Ihishurirwa ry’urusengero (40:1-48:35) mwiyerekwa ry’ubu butumwa Ezekiyeri ashushanya Imana igarukira kubana n’abantu bayo, ubuziraherezo. Iri hishurirwa rigaruka no mubyahishuriwe Yohana, rigasozanya umurwa w’Imana, ufite umugezi w’ubugingo utemba hose.
DANIYERI
Kuvuga neruye, Daniyeri yari uwo mubutegetsi aho kuba umuhanuzi. Imirimo ye yar’iyo mu bayobozi b’Ibabuloni aho kuba ku bantu b’Imana. Yari muto, umunyabwenge kandi mugihe yajyanwaga Ibabuloni hamwe n’izindi mbohe za Yuda, hafi igice cy’igitabo cye kivuga amateka ye, ubuzima bwe, n’akazi ke mu bwami bw’aba Babuloni. Ikindi gice kirimo ihishurirwa n’ubuhanuzi, bumwe buzasohora mubinyejana bizaza.
Ibice by’Ingenzi;
1) Gukora iby’Imana ishaka imbere y’Umwami (1:1-21) Umwami ahaka kwigisha Daniyeri nabandi banyagano bavuye Iyerusalem, ashaka kujya abagaburira ibiryo bivuye kumeza ye, ariko ibyo biryo bikaba bidahuje n’imyizerere yabo, Daniyeri ahimba uburyo bundi bubakiza kandi bakagera kuntego y’Umwami.
2) Inzozi za Nebukadinezari (2:1-21) Umwami arose inzozi zimugoye ahamagara abanyabwenge kuzisobanura, ntibabasha kuzimubwira habe no kuzisobanura, ariko Daniyeri arazisobanura, zihishura ko ari ubuhanuzi bw’Ubwami buzaza nyuma ya Babiloni.
3) Igishushanyo cyizahabu cya Nebukadinezari (3:1-30) Umwami yiremera igishushanyo, ategeka ko buri muntu akiramya. Daniyeri n’abagenzi be banze kukiramya yabajugunye mw’itanura y’umuriro, ariko ntibashya. Umwami ahita ah’agaciro Imana yabo.
4) Isomo rya Nebukadinezari kuby’ubwibone (4:1-37) Umwami ahanirw’ ubwibone bwe kubyo yagezeho byose, ajya kubaho nk’inyamaswa kugeza igihe azihana.
5) Ibirori bya Berutishazari (5:1-31) nyuma yimyaka, ubwibone bw’Umwami wakurikiyeho no gusuzugura Imana byabaganishije murubanza, nyuma yo kuburirwa bari mubirori umugoroba umwe, Babuloni ihita igwa mu maboko yabanzi bayo.
6) Daniyeri murwobo rw’intare (6:1-28) Ishyari ryabagenzi ba Daniyeri ryatumye bamugambanira. Ariko Imana iramurokora irimbura abanzi be.
7) Amayerekwa y’igihe kizaza (7:1-12:13) Ibi bice bihagarariye amateka azaza, andi azasohora mubinyejana bike biri imbere. Igice kivuga “ibyumweru mirongo irindwi” (9:24-27) bigaragaza imirimo yari kuza korwa na Kristo. Uretse ko abacukumbuzi batandukana uburyo babisobanura.
HOSEA
Mugihe uhereye kuri Yesaya ukageza kuri Daniyeri bitwa abahanuzi bakuru, “Hosea kugeza kuri Malaki bitwa abahanuzi batoya” impamvu nuko ibitabo by’abahanuzi bato biba ari bigufi kuruta iby’abakuru. Hosea yahanuye mugihe kimwe na Yesaya ariko ahanurira muri Isiraeli, ubwami bw’amajya ruguru, kugeza ubwo batsindwaga n’abasiriya. Isiraeli yari yaraguye mu migenzo y’abapagani ivagirwa na politiki. Nyuma ya Yerobowamu II Isiraeli yar’imaze gutegekwa n’ abami batandatu mugihe cy’imyaka makumyabiri, bane muri bo bagiye kungoma ari uko bishe abo basimbuye, byari ibihe bikomeye. Ariko hirya yo kuramya ibishushanyo, no kutizerwa kwabo Imana yakomeje kubakunda no gushaka kwiyunga nabo. Ubwo butumwa bwanyuze mu buzima Hosea yaciyemo ubwo yabwirwaga gucyura umugore witwa Gomeri, utari uwo kwizerwa.
Ibice bitatu bibanza bitubwira uko Imana yategetse Hosea gucyura Gomeri, utaramubereye umwizerwa. Umutima wa Hosea wari ubabajwe nabyo, riko aramugura amuha andi mahirwe yo kwisubiraho. Ibisigaye mugitabo bikubiyemo amasomo ya Isiraeli kubera kutizera no kugomera Imana. Kubera ubusambanyi bw’abantu Igihugu ubwacyo cyagiweho n’ingaruka (4:3) Imana ihangayikira Isiraeli (6:4) ariko bazagibwaho n’ingaruka z’ibyaha byabo. (9:7) urukundo rw’Imana kuri Isiraeli nkurw’umubyeyi n’umwana we bigaragarira aha, 11:1-4. ibiheruka nuko hariho ibyiringiro byo guhemburwa no guhabwa umugisha. (14:1-7)
YOWELI
Umwanditsi ntacyo yivuzeho uretse kuvuga izina rya se, (1:1) abarwa mubahanuzi banditse kera, yabayeho mugihe kimwe na Eliya na Elisa, mukinyejana cya 8 mbere ya Kristo. Yasobanuye icyago cy’inzige avuga ko ar’igihano cy’Imana, inzige zarimbi kuruta igitero cy’ingabo, kuko ntacyo zasigaga gisa nicyatsi kibisi, ntacyasigaraga habe nicyo gutambir’ Imana (1:9,11) Yoweli ahita ategeka igihugu gusenga (1:14) ariko hariho ibyiringiro kuko Imana yasezeranye kubahembura (3:1) Amahanga yatumye Igihugu kigibwaho n’imibabaro nayo azahanwa (3:2-8) Yoweli akoresha ijambo “umunsi w’Uwiteka” ashaka kuvuga umunsi wa nyuma Imana izahaniraho; igahemba abakoze neza, ihgahana abigometse. Kandi ubwo Petero yabwirizaga kumunsi wa Pentikote yasomye amagambo ya Yoweli 2:28-32 nk’ubuhanuzi bwo kuza kw’Umwuka wera, bwasohoye uwo munsi.
AMOSI
Amosi ntiyabaye umuhanuzi w’igihe kirekire nkuko byagenze kuri ba Yeremiya na Yesaya. Yari umushumba n’umuhinzi w’ibi by’umutini (1:1; 7:14) iwabo hari muri mayiro 12 mu majepfo ya Yerusalem, ariko Imana imwohereza muri Yerusalem, Ubwami bw’amajyaruguru, mugihe Yerobowamu II yari kungoma. Yakoze mugihe kimwe na Hosea, Yesaya na Mika. Isiraeli yimye amatwi ibyo Amosi yababuriraga kandi n’Amaziya umutambyi amubwira gusubira I Buyuda (7:10-13). Imyaka mirongo itatu ishize Siriya yanesheje Isirael nayo ihita ishiraho ntiyongera kubaho.
Harimo ibice bitatu mubuhanuzi bwa Amosi. Muguce cya 1 :1-2 :3 Amosi abwira amahanga baturanye, ayashinja iby’akora bitukisha Imana. Nyuma ahindukirira Yuda na Isiraeli (2 :4-6 :14) abashinja ubusambanyi bwabo no kutumvira ibyo Imana yababwiye gukora. Amosi cyane cyane abashinja kwibaraho gukiranuka, ubutunzi no kutita ku bakene (4 :1, 6 :4-7) nyuma mubice 7-9 aduha iyerekwa ry’ibizaba, agaragaza urubanza rukomeye rw’Imana izaca, ariko kandi ategereje ighe cyo kugarurwa kw’Isiraeli, gukizwa no kwiyunga no gusanwa.
OBADIYA
Igitabo kigufi mubitabo by’ubuhanuzi bwo mw’isezeano rya kera gihanurira ab’Edomu, bene Esau. Edomu yari iburasira zuba bw’amajyepfo y’inyanja ipfuye, hafi ya Yuda, nubwo bafitanye isano na Isiraeli ariko ntibabubahaga nk’abavandimwe. Ubugome bwanyuma, byumwihariko ibyabaye mugihe cyo guhanura kwa Obadiya, ubwo guterwa kw’Edomu itewe na Yuda ingabo za Babiloni zikabashimuta mu mwaka wa 587 mbere ya Kristo.
Umurwa mukuru wa Edomu witwaga Sela, ubu ukaba witwa Petra, wari ahantu haringaniye hejuru yurutare cliff, biteganye nurutare ruto runyurwamo isoko. Nubwo byari bikomeye babaye amahoro. Ayo mahoro yabateye kwibona no kwishyira hejuru (3) nyuma yimyaka, mukinyejana cya 5 mbere ya Kristo, Abarabu batsinze ab’Edomu, no mukinyejana cya 3 abanabatiya bigaruriye icyo gice, Herode wategekaga mugihe Yesu yavukaga yari umw’Edomu. Ariko nyuma y’umwaka wa 70 nyuma ya Kristo Edomu yaribagiranye ntiyongera kuvugwa. Obadiya akatubwira ko isiraeli yagarutse ikongera gutura muricyo gihugu, harimo naho ab’Edomu bari batuye.
YONA
Na none by’umwihariko utaboneka mukindi gitabo cy’abahunuzi bato, iki cyo kitubwira inkuru ya nyiracyo, ntikivuga cyane kubijyanye nubutumwa bukirimo. Kigaragaza ko Imana yita no kuyandi mahanga atari Isiraeli gusa, atari ukwishimir kubahana gusa ahubwo ibakunda. Yesu aboneka muriyi nkuru isa niyo kuzuka kwe (Matayo 12 :40 ; Luka 11 :32)
Inkuru itangira Imana ihamagara Yona ngo ajye I ninewi, umurwa mukuru w’Isiriya, umurwa ukomeye, utinywa kandi udakundwa mur’icyo gihe. Yona yigira mubwato bujya ahandi, umuraba uje, Yona asanga kugirango abari mubwato babeho ar’uko we bamujugunya mu mazi. Bamujugunye urufi Imana yari yateguye rumira Yona. Yona yihana ari murufi. Urufi ruramuruka ajya kubwiriza abantu iby’urubanza rw’Imana. Umurwa wose urihana, Yona arakarira Imana. Ashobora kuba yarababajwe nuko ukurimbuka yabavuzeho kutazabaho, cyangwa ko Ishyanga yangaga ribabariwe. Imana imusubiriza mu zuba ry’icyokere cyinshi, kugirango imwigishe yuko ifite uburenganzira bwo kwita ku bantu b’Ininewi.
MIKA
Izina Mika risobanura usa n’Imana, umurongo nyamukuru ni 7 :18 « n’iyihe Mana ihwanye nawe, ibabarira gukiranirwa, ikirengagiza igicumuro cy’abasigaye b’umwandu wayo ? ntihoran’uburakari bwayo iteka, kuko yishimira kugira imbabazi. » uyu muhanuzi yabayeho mugihe kimwe na Yesaya, Amosi na Hosea. Yavugaga kubyaha bimwe nibyo Amosi yavugaga ; uburiganya mubucuruzi, gukunda impiya, kutita kubakene no Idini itagira Imana. Yabwirizaga ab’Isamariya na Yerusalemu, imirwa ya Isiraeli na Yuda. Ubutumwa bwe bwaburiraga abantu, ibyurubanza ngo bishimire ubuntu bwayo. Icyo Imana ishaka kubantu s’ibitambo nimigenzo yamadini ahubwo nukwera no kuyiba hafi (6 :6-8) Yuda na Isiraeli bazahanwa, akomeza avuga ko ; Yerusalemu izahinduka icyitegerezo cyabasenga ku isi, kandi Beterehemu izabona ivuka ry ‘uzakomoka mu muryango wa Dawidi, uzategeka isi yose (5 :2-5 iki gice kivuga kuri Noheri) ibyaha by’umuntu bimuzanira urubanza rw’Imana, ariko Imana igira ubuntu ishaka ko habaho kuyigarukira no kubabarirwa.
NAHUMU
Mu myaka mike mbere Imana yatumye Yona kuburira Ininewi, umurwa mukuru w’Isiriya, umurwa urihana ariko kwihana kwawo ntikwatinze, none Imana yongeye gutuma Nahumu guhanura ko umurwa uzagwa. Nahumu ntiyatangiriria iNinewi, ahubwo atangira avuga Imana, umujinya wayo, imbaraga zayo, kugiraneza no kwihangana kwayo. Yakoresheje amashusho yo kugaragaza uko Ninewi izarimbuka. Imana yigeze gukoresha Ninewi guhana abantu bayo Isiraeli. Ariko yakoreshaga andi mahanga guhana no kurimbura Siriya.
Mugice cya 3 Nahumu agereranya Ninewi nindaya yariganije amahanga, akwiye guhabwa igihano kimwe nindaya (3 :5,6) Ninewi yaguye mu mwaka wa 612 mbere ya Kristo. Ubwo yaterwaga n’igabana ry’ubutegetsi ry’abamedi, Abababilon n’abasintiani. Umugezi w’itigirisi waruzuye umena muri Ninewi, usenya inkuta zirinda umurwa, aribyo byatumye ingabo z’abanzi zibasha kubona aho zinyura, hagasohora ishusho igaragara muri 1 :8 na 2 :6. inkuru y’urubanza Imana yaciriye Ninewi ihesha ihumure umuntu wese uterwa abwoba nishyanga rikomyeye ariko ridafite Imana, kuko Imana mugihe gikwiriye izahana abatayubaha.
HABAKUKI
Nigute Imana yakwemera ko abantu bayo ubwayo ko bababara, mugihe ishyanga ritubaha Imana ritera imbere ? ese Imana nziza y’ukuri yakwemera ibyo ? ibi nibyo Habakuki yibazaga. Yahanuye mugihe kimwe na Yeremiya atari kera uhereye igihe Yuda yagwaga mu maboko yababateye. Nubwo Yuda itajyaga yubahiriza amasezerano n’Imana, Habakuki yabirengagaho akabaza Imana impamvu ibahanisha amahanga adakijijwe nka Babiloni kubahana. Imana imuha igisubizo nubwo mugihe cyayo nkuko mugice cya 2. havuze izahana abatayubaha, batayumvira. Ariko hagati aho uwizera azabeshwaho no kwizera (2 :4) kwizera yuko Imana izahana abanyabyaha mwisi mugihe cyayo, muburyo bwayo no kwizera yuko Imana izaha umugisha yite kubantu bayo. Uyu murongo nyamukuru warakoreshejwe inshuro eshatu mwisezerano rishya, gusobanura inkomoko y’agakiza k’abakristo. Abaroma 1 :17 ; Abagalatiya 3 :11 n’Abahebulayo 10 :38. igice cya 3 ninka zaburi ishushanya Imana nkigitero cy’ingabo. Ubutumwa burimo nubu ; nubwo yakuraho ibinezeza byose mubuzima, ikomeza gushimwa kuko iba ikiri Imana (3 :18,19)
ZEFANIYA
Zefaniya avuga amateka yumuryango we kuruta undi wese mubahanuzi batoya. Yakurikiranye igisekuruza cye kugeza kuri Hezekiya, kandi yahanuye mugihe cyo gutegeka kw’Umwami Yosia muri Yuda. Abami babiri bamubanjirije, Manase na Amoni bari bafite amatwara mabi kubijyanye n’umubano Yuda yarafitanye n’Imana.
Mugihe cyo gutegeka kwa Yosiya igitabo cy’amategeko ya Mose cyongeye kuboneka murusengero, bituma Yosiya azana ububyutse mugihugu. Ntagushidikanya Zefaniya yagize uruhare muri ubu bubyutse, avuga iby’umunsi w’Uwiteka, ijambo ryakoreshejwe na Yowel na Habakuki kuburira abantu iby’urubanza ruzaza, n’imigisha ku babaye abizerwa. Uwaba yaratekereje ko umugisha w’Imana wamaze gutangwa, ashobora kuba atekereza yuko iby’urubanza we bitamureba, ariko Imana itungura abantu bashyize ibyiringiro byabo mw’idini aho kuba abntu b’Imana bakizerwa. Yerusalem no kwiyemera kwayo kenshi yaciriwe urubanza (3 :1-7) ariko Imana yisigarizaga abantu, mugihe cyayo ikabahembura.
HAGAI
Abahanuzi batatu bo mw’Isezerano rya kera bahanuye mu mwaka wakurikiye, ijyanwa ryo muri Babuloni. Mugihe itsinda rya mbere ryagarukaga rivuye mu buhungiro riyobowe na Zerubaberi, umwuzukuru w’Umwami Yehoyakini bagize itangiriro ryiza ryo kubaka urusengero arirwo Abababiloni basenye mu mwaka wa 587 mbere ya Kristo. Ariko ntibyatinze kubera amahoro no kurwanywa akazi karahagarara. Hashira imyaka ntagikozwe kugeza ubwo Hagai na Zakariya bongeraga gukangurira abantu kongeramo imbaraga. Nyuma mu mwaka wa 516 mbere ya Kristo urusengero ruruzura, ijambo nyamukuru rya Hagai nubwo atari urusengero, yanditse kubintu ukwiye gushyira imbere, aricyo kibazo abantu benshi b’Imana bagira. Abantu biyubakiye amazu yabo meza, ariko inzu y’Imana yabaye umusaka (1 :4) abantu bahisemo nabi ibikwiye kubanza, hagai rero abahatira gufata icyemezo. Igitabo ubwacyo nubutumwa butanu bukurikiranye, buri gice cyiri mumatariki yumwaka wa 520 mbere ya Kristo. 1 :2-15 menya ikibazo cyo gutakaza ibikwiye kujya mbere no gukangurira abantu kongera kubaka urusengero. 2 :1-9 menya ko urusengero rwaburaga ubwiza nk’ubwo murusengero rwa Salomo, ariko rwari kuzagira ubwiza butagereranwa kandi abantu baturutse impande zose. 2 :10-19 menyako byari byanduye, atari ibyera, Yuda kwirengagiza Imana byatumye bandura, ariko Imana yari kuzabaha umugisha kumvira kwabo nu kubeza ikabavugurura. 2 :20-23 nibibwirwa Zerubabeli, wari uwo mu muryango wa Dawidi, akaba numukurambere wa Kristo. Imana yaramutoranije kandi ikamukoresha imigambi yayo.
ZAKARIYA
Harimo ubuhanuzi buvuga kuri Mesiya—ariwe Kristo mugitabo cya Zakariya kuruta ahandi hose mubitabo by’ubahanuzi bato. Abamuzi ba kera bavuga ko Zakariya yari umutambyi akaba n’umuhanuzi, ngo yiciwe kurusengero (Matayo 23 :35) igitabo cyanditse muburyo bw’ibyimperuka nink’ibyahishuwe, harimo byinshi bifite icyo bishushanya. Ibice umunani bibanza n’amayerekwa gusa, naho ibice 9-14 n’ubutumwa bukurikirana. Igice cya mbere gishushanya umuntu uri kw’ifarashi azenguruka mwisi, nkuko umupolisi wumuperesi yakabikoze. Ubu butumwa ni bumwe mubuhumuriza. Amahembe ane (1 :18-21) bishushanya kurangira kw’akavuyo kagushije abantu b’Imana.
Igice cya kabiri kirimo umuntu ufite metero yo gupimisha, yitegura kubaka Yerusalem. Igice cya gatatu gishushanya Imana yeza Yosuwa, kumurimo w’umutambyi mukuru. Igice cya kane, gishyigikira ukongera kubaka urusengero. Twibutse ko Zerubaberi atari yagakora ariko azawurangiza. Igice cya gatanu, numuzingo wacyo uguruka, gishushanya gukurwaho k’umuvumo nintege nke mugihugu. Amagare 6 :1-10 ongera wibuke ifarasi izenguruka isi, mugice cya 1, mugihe gukuza Yosuwa bigaragaza ishusho ya Mesiya uzaba afite ingofero ebyiri, umuhanuzi numutambyi.
Igice cya 7 gishishikariza abantu gusenga no kwiyiriza ubusa. Mbese babikora ari ukubaha Imana cyangwa nimigenzo gusa ? icyo kibazo kibazwa abantu bose b’Imana. Igice cya 8 kivuga ubwiza Imana izaha Yerusalem, igihe cy’amahoro no gutera imbere. Igice cya 9-11 kivuga kuri Isiraeli nandi aturanye nayo. Mesiya azaza ari kundogobe sikwifarasi nkimenyetso cy’amahoro, (9 :9) kuko abantu b’Imana banze ubufasha bwayo, nayo ikemera ko igihugu gicikamo ibice. Igice cya 12-14 kivuga ibyo mugihe kizaza. Imana yari kuzakuramo abahanuzi b’ibinyoma ikeza abantu bayo. Igice cya 14 kivuga intambara ya nyuma, mugihe cyizaza, ubwo isi yose izahinduka ubwami bw’Imana.
MALAKI
Izina Malaki risobanura « Umugaragu/intumwa » izina rikwiriye umuhanuzi w’Imana. Yahanuye mu mwaka wa 400 mbere ya Kristo, mugihe abantu b’Imana batakaje ubufatanye n’ubusabane bwabo n’Imana. Hagai na Zakariya bakanguriye abantu kongera kubaka urusengero, ariko noneho ibihe byari bikomeye umugisha basezeranijwe wari utaraza, abantu bakavuga Imana ko Imana yabatengushye. Icyakurikyeho batangiye gucika intege mugusenga, no kubahiriza amategeko Imana yabahaye.
Malaki ababaza ibibazo byo kubakangurira kwibuka no gusubira mubufatanye bwabo n’Imana. Abantu bashidikanya urukundo rw’Imana, ariko Malaki abibutsa babyara babo ab’Edomu, bajyanyweho iminyago ntibagaruke kandi Isirael yo yaragarutse, (1 :2-5) abantu ntibari bacyubaha Imana ntibitange nkuko bikwiriye. (1 :6-14) Imana izahana abatambyi (2 :1-9) itandukaniro ryabo n’Imana ryagaragazaga kwahukana gukomeye (2 :10-16) kubera ibi byaha Imana isezeranya kohereza intumwa (3 :1) wari kweza abantu bayo. Abantu ntibari bagitanga icya cumi, bakiba Imana, bakiba imigisha yabo ubwabo (3 :8-12) Igice cya kane kivuga igihe Imana izashyira ibintu kumugaragaro igahana abayisuzuguye igahemba abayubashye. Imirongo isoza igaragaza ibya Yohana umubatiza, kuza kwe byateguraga inzira yo gusohorezamo umugambi w’Imana unyuze muri Yesu Kristo umwana wayo.
UKUBWIRIZA KO MW’ISEZERANO RYA KERA
Mbere ya byose , ndashaka kubatongera mwe mwaje mur’izi nyigisho. Ndabatongera kugira umuhati wo kubwiriza ijambo ry’Imana. Mubishyiremo umwete muboneke hano, mubigirimo ubushake kwemera umuhamagaro w’Imana mu buzima bwanyu. Njya nezererwa ubutumwa bwiza bwa Kristo, kuko muri bwo, ntitwiyunze n’Imana gusa ahubwo twagizwe umuntu umwe, dufite intego imwe, icyerekezo kimwe n’ibyiringiro bimwe by’Iteka ryose. Imana ishimwe.
Kubwiriza n’amahirwe akomeye kandi ninshingano zikomeye. Abahanuzi bo mw’Isezerano rya kera, batangiraga gutanga ubutumwa, bavuga ngo “dore uku Uwiteka avuga”. Iyo Imana yavuganaga nabo, bari bafite inshingano zo guhererekanya ubwo butumwa babuha abandi Bantu babukeneye. Ezekeiyeri 33 ashimangira inshingano “y’umurinzi” iyo ubutumwa butanzwe, umurinzi abazwa ubugingo bwarimbutse. Murundi ruhande iyo ubutumwa bwatanzwe neza, hanyuma bakabwirengagiza, abantu barimbutse bazirengera ingaruka zabyo.
Tugomba gushishikarire kumenya ijambo ry’Imana, kugirango tubashe kuribwira abandi. Na none kandi n’ibyigiciro cyinshi guhamagarirwa kuvugira Imana. Nta n’umwe urigera abonekwaho ko akwiriye kuba yavugira Imana. Ariko Imana ihamagara abadakwiriye mu murimo wayo, ikadukoresha ititaye kubibazo byacu, n’imbibi zacu. Tuba dukoze neza kwicisha bugufi, tugatangazwa ninshingano iturenze twahawe mu buntu bw’Imana, mukuduhamagarira kuyivugira.
Ntashusho isobanutse y’ukuntu Imana yahamagaye buri muhanuzi wo mw’Isezerano rya kera. Ariko hari ingero nyinshi, bigaragara ko umuhanuzi yakiranye ubushake buke uwo muhamagaro. Ubwo Imana yahamagaraga Mose, Mose yatanze impamvu nyinshi z’urwitwazo n’impungenge. (Kuva 3:1-4:17) Yona we ajya kumwaro ajya mu bwato bujya ahatandukanye naho Imana yamubwiye kujya I Ninewi, (Yona 1:2,3) Yesaya yatsinzwe no kwandura kwe imbere y’Imana.(Yesa 6:5) Yeremiya yakiranye n’inshingano yo kubwira abatamwumva, bigometse, yahoraga yifuza uwamusimbura, kandi akaba yar’azi ko ijambo ry’Imana ari “nk’umuriro mumagufka ye” kandi icyo yasabwaga kwari ukubwiriza gusa (Yerem 20:7-9) iyo umuhamagaro ari uwukuri ntawubasha kuwuhunga.
Ariko hamwe nibyo, nta murimo mwiza kuisi nko kubwiriza. Igihe James A. Garfield yari Perezida wa America muwi 1881, umuvugabutumwa yagiye kumureba agira ngo amusabe akazi muri leta. Garfield aramusubiza ati; “nta kazi mfite naguha karenze ako ufite” Garfield yarazi icyo avuga kuko nawe yari umubwiriza butumwa. Gukorera leta n’iby’icyubahiro muri rubanda, kuko bikurinda kandi bikaguha gukurira abantu hano mwisi. Ariko kubwiriza ntibidufasha kubaho mur’ubu buzima gusa, binadutegurira ubuzima bw’Iteka ryose. Nk’uko leta ar’iya ngombwa, ubutumwa bwa Kristo buza yobora ibyo dukora byose nuko tubikora, rero n’amahirwe akomeye cyane, kandi n’inshingano zikomeye kubwiriza ubutumwa bwiza.
Niba uzabwiriza ubutumwa bwiza, ugomba kumenya iryo jambo. Ugomba gusoma Bibiliya ikagucengeramo. Muri Amerika tubivuga gutya ngo “shyira umutwe wawe mu ijambo n’ijambo urishyire mumutwe wawe” soma Bibiliya. Fata imirongo mu mutwe. Maze ikuzure wese. Ikugaburire. Reka ihindure uburyo ureba ibintu by’ubuzima. Ibitekerezo by’abantu ku Mana ntabwo bizigera biba byiza. Ariko Imana yavuganye natwe kandi iratwiyereka. Imana yabikoze mw’ijambo no mu mwana wayo, Yesu. Mujye musoma ijambo ryayo buri gihe!
Mujye mwibuka ko, kubwiriza kubaho mugushyiraho ihuriro hagati y’Imana n’ubuzima bwa buri munsi. Ningombwa kumenya icyo ijambo ry’Imana rivuga, ariko tugomba kureba uko rihuza ibibazo by’ubuzima tubamo. Ese waba uzi, akababaro, nibibazo by’abantu mubwiriza? Niba ubizi, waba uzi icyo ijambo ry’Imana rivuga kuri ibyo bibazo? Waba uzi ibyiringiro, n’umunezero by’abantu ubwiriza? Mbese uzi ibiriho bibera mu Isi ubamo? Wana uzi ibibera mugihugu ubamo cyangwa umugabane wawe, cyangwa mwisi muri tubamo muri rusange. Nk’abagaragu b’Imana, duhamagarirwa kubwira abantu aho ijambo rihurira n’ubuzima bwacu n’ukuntu Imana ituyobora ikaduha ibyiringiro.
Mukubwiriza ibyo mw’Isezerano rya kera, nibya ngombwa kwibuka ko Imana yo mw’Isezerano rya kera niyo yihishuye mw’Isezerano rishya. Abantu bamwe bareba Imana yo mwisezerano rya kera nk’Imana yihutira kurakara, ikunda guhatira abantu gukomeza amategeko yaduhaye. Ariko ukuri nuko Isezerano rya kera ryateguriraga Isezerano rishya no kuza kwa Yesu. Yavuze ko ataje gukuraho amategeko ya Mose ahubwo yaje kuyakomeza. (Matayo 5:17) yarabisoanuriye abigishwa be nyuma y’izuka rye, yuko urupfu rwe no kuzuka kwe, hamwe no kubwiriza ubutumwa bwiza, uzasanga byarahanuwe mu “byanditswe” icyo Itorero rya mbere ryari rifite nk’ibyanditswe nicyo cyitwa sezerano rya kera uyu munsi. Isezerano rya kera ryisanga ryarasohoreye mumirmo ya Yesu Kristo nubuzima bwe. Ibyo bivuze ko abakristo babwiriza, bakwiye gushobozwa kubwiriza n’ibyo mu Isezerano rya kera.
Isezerano rya kera ritangira rihishura ko Imana ariyo muremyi w’ijuru n’isi. Umuntu umwe yaravuze ati, niba twemera ibyanditswe mu Itangiriro 1:1 ko ari ukuri “mbere na mbere Imana yaremye Isi n’ijuru” ntakindi cyaba gisigaye nk’ikibazo muri Bibiliya. Imana yashoboye kurema byose, ntakibazo yagira cyo kutashobora gukora ibitangaza. Muri America kimwe nahandi bizera ko iyisi turimo yapfuye kubaho gusa nta mpamvu, ntacyerekezo, kandi ko nta Mana yigeze irema isi. Ariko niba natwe turi umusaruro w’ibyapfuye kubaho, ubuzima bwacu ntacyo bwaba bumaze. Kandi bibaye bimeze bityo, nta mpamvu yo kumenya ikibi n’ikiza. Dufite umudendezo wo gukora ibyo dushaka byose, kandi tuba dushorewe nibitekerezo tutabasha kumenya uko twanyura mubuzima ngo dutere imbere.
Igihe igitabo cy’Itangiriro cyandikwaga, amahanga yarazengurutse abantu b’Imana Isiraeli, bizeraga ko hariho imana nyinshi, n’imyuka myinshi igenga abantu. Bibwiraga ko ari ngombwa gushaka uko banezeza izo mana zose. Ariko iyo Itangiriro ritubwira ngo Imana yaremye ijuru nisi, haba hatubwira ko Imana yonyine ariyo ifite ububasha kuri buri kintu cyose, tudakwiye gutinya indi myuka yose. Urugero ni kubantu benshi bakera, nubwo inyenyeri zifitiye akaaro ubuzima bwacu, ariko iyo Itangiriro ritubwira ko Imana ariyo muremyi. Havuga ko yaremye n’inyenyeri, (Itangiriro 1:16) ntidukwiye kuramya inyenyeri. Ahubwo dukwiye kuramya Imana yaziremye.
Kuko Imana ar’umuremyi, iradukunda. Bibiliya imwita “Data” nkuko umubyeyi wese mwiza akunda abana be, Imana nayo ikunda abantu bayo. Kandi nkuko umubyeyi wese mwiza arinda abana be niko n’Imana irinda abana bayo. Nkuko umubyeyi wese mwiza ahaza abana be, niko Imana nayo ihaza abantu bayo. Ntidukwiriye kubaho dutinya Imana, cyangwa ngo dushidikanye ko itwitaho. Burigihe ihora ishaka ukuntu yabana natwe. Tujya dutekereza ko urukundo nubuntu bw’Imana ariryo jambo nyamukuru mw’isezerano rishya, kandi niko biri. Ariko biragaragara mu Isezerano rya kera ko Imana itatoranije Isiraeli kuko hari ibyiza bakoze ahubwo nuko Imana yahisemo kubakunda (Gutegekwa 7:7-8; 9:4-6)
Kuberako Imana ariyo muremyi, yita kubyo yaremye byose. Isezerano rya kera ritubwira umubano wihariye Imana yarifitanye na Isirael, abantu bakomoka kuri Aburahamu. Imana yabahaye urubuga runini. Abahanuzi bamwe bahanuye, baburira amahanga aturanye na Isiraeli kubyaha byabo. Kuko Imana ariyo yabaremye igomba kubitaho. Kandi yifuzaga kubana nabo. Yifuzaga ko Isiraeli yaba “umucyo wandi mahanga” (Yesaya 42:6; 49:6) tujya dutekereza ko za misiyo ariyo ngingo nyamukuru yo mw’Isezerano rishya, kandi niko biri. Ariko kandi tubona mw’Isezerano rya kera. Ko Isiraeli yananiwe gukora ibyo Imana yabahaye, ariko Kristo abisohoreza mw’Itorero.
Imana umuremyi, yita kuisi yaremye. Abantu bajya bibaza nyir’ubutaka ariko Zaburi 24:1 havuga “Isi yose n’ibiyuzuye n’iby’Uwiteka, abantu n’ibintu n’iby’Uwiteka”. Imana yaremye umuntu umushyira mungobyi ya Edeni imutegeka kuyihingira (Itang 2:15). Ntidukwiye kuramya isi, kuko tuyitegeka tukayitunganya, kuko Imana yarayiremye iduha ubushobozi n’inshingano zo kuyitaho.
Imana umuremyi, s’Umwami wisi n’abantu gusa, ahubwo n’Umwami wamateka. Abantu bamwe batekereza ko ubuzima bugendera kuruziga butagira icyerekezo cyangwa intego. Ariko Bibiliya itwereka ko hari aho amateka agenda agana. Igihe Imana yahamagaraga Aburahamu ngo ayikurikire, yagaragaje mu masezerano ibyo azakorana nawe. Imana isezeranya Aburahamu kuzamuha igihugu, n’urubyaro rutabarika, kandi yuko izamuhindura umugisha kurubyaro rwose rwo mwisi. Iryo sezerano ryasohoreye muri Kristo, nyuma yibinyejana byinshi, hari aho amateka agenda agana. Amateka afite icyerekezo n’intego. Kandi Imana niyo iri hejuru y’amateka.
Kuko Imana yatwihishuriye, natwe twayemera. Aburahamu niwe rugero rw’ibanze mukwizera Imana. Ntabwo yizera gusa ko Imana iriho, ahubwo akorera kuruko kwizera, ariko kwizera kwa Bibiliya nyakuri. Abaheburayo 11:8, zirikan ko ubwo Imana yahamagaraga Aburahamu, “yarasohotse atazi aho agiye” kwizera nyakuri ntigusaba kubanza kumenya ibisubizo byose, cyangwa ibisobanuro mbere y’icyo usabwa gukora. Ahubwo tugomba kumvira kuko twiringira Imana kudukorera ibikwiriye byiza, hamwe nisi muri rusange, nubwo tuba tutazi uko bizagenda. Aburahamu yarafite ubushake bwo gutambw n’umwana we, kuko Imana yari yamusabye, kuko yiringiraga Imana ko ikora ibikwiriye kandi ishobora no kumuzura mubapfuye. (Itang 22, Abaheb 11:19)
Ijambo nyamukuru risanzwe rizwi mu Isezerano rya kera n’ Isezerano. Isezerano nukwiyemeza kwimpande zombi, aho batemeranwa gusa gukorana ibintu runaka, ahubwo nino gushaka ibyafasha undi. Imana yahamagaye Aburahamu bagirana Isezerano. Itang 15, na 17 cyane cyane kwagura intego yisezerano bafitanye. Itegeko rya Mose naryo kwari ukwagura isezerano n’Aburahamu. Imana irabisobanura ko gukomeza isezerano bizamuzanira umugisha ukomeye, mukinyuranyo kutayakomeza bizana imibabaro ikomeye (Abalewi 26, Gutegeka 28)
Kwemera Imana kwacukwiza si ukubaha amategko yaduhaye gusa. Ahubwo iyo tumaze kumenya ko ariyo muremyi wacu, kandi ko Idukunda, ikaba yitanga ku bwacu idushakira ibyiza, ibyo biba bihagije yuko twayiramya. Rero kuramya nikintu gikomeye mw’Isezerano rya kera. Zaburi nyingi zuzuyemo amagambo meza yo kuramya. Rimwe na rimwe zigaragaza guhangana n’icyo Imana irimo gukora, cyangwa icyo itarakora, ariko iba icyitwa Imana, ikwiriye guhabwa icyubahiro. Kenshi zisubira mu mateka ariki niwe Mwami w’amateka akwiriye kubahwa. Ubundi zaburi zishimira Imana icyaricyo n’ibyo ikora. Abahanuzi kenshi babivugaho ibyo kutaramya Imana nkuko bikwiye, nk’abantu b’Imana, bakwiriye kuramya ibigirwa mana cyangwa bakaramya Imana yabihishuriye ikabahamagara kugirana umubano nayo.
Ijambo ry’Imana ryanditse, Bibiliya, ni nk’isambu ya zahabu. Yuzuyemo ubutunzi bwinshi. Nk’uko bisaba gucukura ubwo butaka ngo ukuremo zahabu, niko bimeze no muri Bibiliya ugomba gucukumbura ngo ugere kubutunzi buyirimo. N’inshingano y’ubuzima bwose. Ariko izakomeza kuguha umugisha wowe n’abantu ubwiriza iryo jambo.
KUREBA MW’ISEZERANO RISHYA—IBITABO BY’AMATEKA
Ibitabo bitanu byambere mw’Isezerano rishya. Matayo, Mariko, Luka na Yohana bitwereka imiryango n’ubuzima bwa Yesu Kristo, igitabo gikurikiraho aricyo Ibyakozwe n’Intumwa gikbiyemo amateka y’Itorero rya mbere. Tugiye kwiga kur’ibi bitabo by’amateka mw’Isezerano rishya.
Ubutumwa bwiza.
Matayo, Mariko, Luka na Yohana buri kimwe kivuga kubuzima bwa Yesu Kristo, bitandukanye mu myandikire nibyo buri kimwe cyibandaho, reka turebe buri kimwe.
Matayo.
Igitabo cya Matayo cyandikiwe rubanda rw’abayuda, kimwe mubimenyetso bishimangiwemo by’abayuda nibi; igice cya mbere harimo igisekuruza gitangirira kugice cya mbere umurongo wa mbere (1:1) “igitabo cyigaragaza igisekuruza cya Yesu Kristo, mwene Dawidi, mwene Aburahamu” n’Umwami uza kuzanira abantu ubwami bw’Imana Ijambo “Umwami w’ijuru.” Riboneka inshuro mirongo itatu n’ebyiri mur’iki gitabo. Kigakomeza cyerekana ko, uyu Yesu yasohoje ibyari bitegerejwe byavuzwe mu Isezerano rya kera, Matayo byumwihariko inshuro icumi, avuga ko ibyabaye kubuzima bwa Yesu bisohoza ibyari byaravuzwe mu Isezerano rya kera. Kandi yifashishije cyane ibivuye mu Isezerano rya kera kuruta ibindi bitabo mu Isezerano rishya nibura inshuro zigera kuri 130.
Ingingo nyamukuru za Matayo zitandukanyije mu bice icyenda:
I. Ubumuntu no kuba Umwami kwe by’Umwami (1:1-4:25)
II. Kubwiriza kw’Umwami (5:1-7:29)
III. Ubutware bw’Umwami (8:1-11:1)
IV. Umugambi no gukomeza kwanga Umwami (11:2-16:12)
V. Kwigishwa no gutegurwa kw’Intumwa z’Umwami (16:13-20:28)
VI. Ubuhanuzi bw’Umwami (24:1-25:46)
VII. Ikigaragaza ko ar’Umwami (28:1-20)
MARIKO
Igitabo cy’ubutumwa bwiza bwa Mariko ntabwo muntangiriro kigaragaza izina rye. Byongeweho nyuma, cyakora byemeza ko Mariko wahoze agendana n’Intumwa Petero niwe wanditse iki gitabo.
Iki gitabo cya Mariko nicyo kigufi mubindi bine, kandi Mariko yibanze kubikorwa. Akoresha ijambo nka “ako kanya, uwo munota” kandi rikaboneka mubutumwa bwe inshuro nka 40. Mariko yandikiye rubanda rwa Abaroma cyangwa abanyamahanga. Mariko 10:45 niwe murongo nyamukuru hamwe niri ngo “umwana w’umuntu ntiyaje ngo bamukorere ahubwo yaje gukorera abandi, no gutanga ubuzima bwe kubincungu ya bose” nk’uko Mariko ashimangira kubikorwa by’umugaragu, abyerekanira mu migani 17 mu migani 70 y’inyigisho ze. Ariko ashyiramo hafi igice cy’ibitangaza 35 Yesu yakoze.
Incamake y’ibigize ubutumwa bwiza bwa Mariko bwibanda ku “mugaragu”:
I. Gutegurwa kw’imirimo y’umugaragu (1:1-13)
II. Kubwiriza kw’Umugaragu muri Garilaya (1:14-9:50)
III. Kubwiriza kw’Umugaragu muri Perea (10:1-52)
IV. Impuhwe z’Umugaragu muri Yerusalem (11:1-15:47)
V. Gutunganirwa kw’Umugaragu mw’izuka (16:1-20)
LUKA
Igitabo cy’ubutumw bwiza bwa Luka kimwe n’icy’ibyakozwe n’Intumwa byombi byanditswe na Luka.
Niki tumuziho? yari umuganga; yagendanaga n’Intumwa Paulo (Abakolosayi 4:14) kandi akaba n’umunyamateka. Mu magambo afungura inyandiko ye igaragaza ko yashatse gukora ubushakashatsi muburyo bwitonze, bigaragara ko Luka yari umunyamahanga (Paulo niwe wabishyize kumugaragaro kubera abayuda) kandi Luka yandikiye abanyamahanga.Yakomeje cyane gusobanura imigenzo y’abayuda yaguye, kugirango abanyamahanga yandikiye barusheho gusobanukirwa.
Kubijyanye ingingo nyamukuru muri ki gitabo, nibyiza kureba kubo yandikiye, igitekerezo cy’abanyamahanga gihesha agaciro umubiri, no kuvuga kubyawo. Luka agaragaza Yesu nk’umuntu utunganye.
Luka yakurikiranye igisekuruza cya Yesu kugeza kuri Adamu, umuntu wa mbere, ibya Yesu akiri umwana muto nabyo byagezeho, (nimuri Luka gusa) 2:40-52. muri Matayo tubona Yesu yitwa mwene Dawid uwai w’Isiraeli. Muri Mariko tubona bamwita Umwami n’umugaragu, ukorera abandi. Ariko Luka we amuvuga nk’umwana w’umuntu, ubereye igisubizo ibyifuzo by’abantu, umuntu utunganye hagati mubandi. Ubumuntu bwa Yesu cyane cyane impuhwe ze, bishimangirwaho mubutumwa bwa Luka. Igice cya 15 gihagarariye inkuru eshatu, zitatubwira gusa iby’urukundo akunda abanyabyaha, n’abandi, ahubwo zitwereka umutima w’Imana yo mw’ijuru, cyane cyane inkuru y’umwana wikirara.
Incamake y’ubutumwa bwiza bwa Luka yibanda kuri Yesu nk’umwana w’umuntu.
I. Ijambo ribanza: uburyo n’impamvu yo kwandika (1:1-4)
II. Gusobanura umwana w’umuntu hamwe n’abantu (1:5-4:13)
III. Imirimo y’umwana w’umuntu mubantu (4:14-9:50)
IV. Kwangwa kw’Umwana w’umuntu mubantu (9:51-19:44)
V. Kubabara kw’umuwana w’umuntu kubera abantu (19:45-23:56)
VI. Ibyo kuzuka kwe (umwana w’umuntu) imbere y’abantu (24:1-53)
Inyandiko zisa z’Ubutumwa bwiza.
Ibitabo bitatu bibanza byubutumwa bwiza, aribto Matayo, Mariko, Luka na Yohana bivuga inkuru zisa, niyo mpamvu zitwa “synoptic Gospel” kuko nubwo ibyo bitabo bitatu bibanza bifite itandukaniro ry’intego n’uburyo “turebere hamwe” ibyubuzima bwa Yesu Kristo. Ariko ubutumwa bwiza bwa Yohana bwo butandukanye cyane nibyo muburyo bwinshi.
Ubutumwa bwiza bwa Yohana.
Harimo gushidikany guke yuko, Yohana uyu wanditse ubutumwa bwiza ari umuvandimwe wa Yakobo, akaba mwene Zebedayo. Yesu yise Yakobo na Yohana “abana b’inkuba” Yohana yarikumwe na Petero na Yakobo, hagati muri batatu bose ari nshuti za Yesu Kristo za hafi. Kandi Yohana ubwe yiyita “umwigishwa Yesu yakundaga”
Ibi bikatwibutsa natwe twese ko ikintu cyangombwa cyukuri mu buzima bwacu n’ukumenya urukundo rwa Yesu Kristo by’umwihariko. Yohana avuga intego yo kwandika kwe mu mpera z’ubutumwa bwe.
Muri Yohana 20:31 umwanditsi yanditse kuburyo ayobora abasomyi mu kwizera Kristo umwana w’Imana, kandi mu kumwizera wabona ubugingo mw’izina rye, muri ubwo buryo kandi Yohana yanditse afasha ufite inyota yo kumenya, ngo asuzume ubuzima n’inyigisho za Yesu Kristo kugirango agree ku kwizera gukiza. Umurongo uzwi cyane muri Yohana ushobora kuba ari 3:16. ubutumwa bwe bugenewe abantu bose, inyigisho ze zifasha abantu bose ahari ho hose, kandi ubutumwa bwiza bwa Yohana butandukanye na bwa bundi busa “Synoptics”.
Muncamake Yohana agaragaza Yesu ko ariwe jambo ry’iteka (Logos) ry’Imana, wahindutse umuntu akabana natwe, (1:14) nawe n’umuhamya w’ubuzima bwa Yesu,urupfu no kuzuka kwe. Kandi tukabona ubwiza bwe. Muguhitamo ibitangaza yakoze yakwandikaho Yohana “yahisemo birindwi” bifasha usoma gusobanukirwa ubumuntu bwa Yesu Kristo n’icyamuzanye. Yohana kandi yashimangiye ku bumana bwe agaragaza henshi Yesu yavuze ati “nijye” iri jambo nijye, n’iryo mu Isezerano rya kera Imana yakoresheje kwihishurira abantu, risobanura Imana ikomeye (Yahweh)
Ibyakozwe n’Intumwa.
Iki gitabo cyanditswe na Luka gikurikirana n’ubutumwa bwiza yanditse, harimo umwimerere mu myandikire uhereye kuri kimw’ukajya ku kindi, mukuri nuko mw’Itorero rya mbere bakoraga ingendo hamwe (Luka/Ibyakozwe n’intumwa) ikitumvikana nuko kitwa ibyakozwe n’Intumwa, nubwo ari ukuri, ariko ahari byakiswe “ibyakozwe n’Umwuka wera” buri butumwa bwiza ndetse nibyakozwe bifite mo icyo twakwita itegeko rikomeye, Luka mu byakozwe n’Intumwa yifashisha ibyo Yesu yavuze ibyak 1:8 “muzahabwa imbaraga Umwuka wera n’abamanukira, namwe muzaba abagabo bo kumpamya uhereye Iyerusalem, Iyudaya, Isamariya no kugera kumpera y’Isi”.
Impuguke mubya misiyo-logi witwa Roland Allen mu myaka ishize yanditse igitabo avuga ku, kwaguka kw’Itorero rya mbere, asoza igitabo cye yavuze ko ibyo byari ibikorwa by’umwuka wera. Ibuka Intumwa (bari itsinda rinini ry’abantu 120) bari bateraniye mu cyumba cyo hejuru, (nyuma yo kuzamuka kwa Yesu Kristo, basenga iminsi icumi mbere yuko umunsi wa Pentikote ugera, Umwuka wera ubasukwaho bose)
kuzuzwa umwuka, kuzura Umwuka n’amagambo akoreshwa cyane mur’iki gitabo. Umwuka wera yuzuye abigishwa ba mbere abaha imbaraga zo guhamya, abaha ubushizi bw’amanga, itsinda ryose rihabwa imbaraga. Umwuka wera ubwe yiyerekanishije ibitangaza n’ibimenyetso, indimi nyishi.
Mu bigenda bigarukwaho mur’iki gitabo harimo n’ubutumwa bwa mbere bwatangije Itorero bwabwirijwe na Petero (Ibyak 2) ubutumwa bwa Stefano wabaye umukristo wa mbere wishwe azira Kristo, (Ibyak 7) ni mu byakozwe twumva ibya Sauli, wakijijwe mu buryo bw’ibitangaza (Ibyak 9) nyuma agahabwa inshingano yo kuvuga ubutumwa (Ibyak 13) agatangira ingendo 3 zitandukanye z’ubutumwa bwiza, arizo zavuyemo umurimo ukomeye wo gushingwa kw’Itorero muri Asiya y’amajyepfo mu Bugereki no mu Butariyani.
Aba bakristo ba mbere twabigiraho byinshi, bari bamaramaje gukurikira Kristo, kandi n’imibereho yabo irabyerekana (Ibyak 2:42-47; 4:32-37) Bari abanya masengesho, bahamyaga Yesu, bari buzuye Umwuka wera, kandi bituma Itorero rikomeza gukura! Imana iracyategereje abakristo bamaramaje kugirango yigaragaze kubwabo.
Ibyak 1:8 haduha incamake y’igitabo cyose cy’Ibaykozwe n’Intumwa:
I. Kuzuka no kwiyerekana kwa Yesu, gutanga itegeko rikomeye no kuzamuka mw’ijuru kwe (1:1-11)
II. Amasengesho yo gusimbuza Intumwa 1:12-26)
III. Gusukwa kw’umwuka wera, no gutangira kw’Itorero ry’Iyerusalem (2:1-8:1)
IV. Itotezwa no gutatana kw’abizera: bajya muri Samariya n’Iyudaya (8:2-12:25)
V. Ingendo z’ubutumwa za Paulo: zigera kumpera y’Isi (13:1-28:31)
INZANDIKO ZO MU ISEZERANO RISHYA.
Reka nongere mbabwire agaciro duha Bibiliya, Ibi byanditswe byahumetswe n’Imana (nk’uko twigeze kubigaragaza muri 2Timoteo 3:16) twese tuvugna namwe muri iyi minsi, twizera byimazeyo ko Iyi Bibiliya ari ijambo ry’Imana. Twizera ko Imana Umwuka wera yashoreye abanditsi abayobora kwandika buri jambo ryose, na buri nteruro yose.
Ubu rero biratangaje kubona ko igice kinini mu Isezerano rishya rigizwe ahanini n’ibyo twita “inzandiko” zanditswe n’umuntu umwe, kandi zimwe zandikiwe zandikiwe undi muntu umwe cyangwa benshi ari bo iteraniro ryose cyangwa amatorero. Kandi nk’uko byavuzwe muri 2Timoteo 3:16, twizera ko zandikiwe mumbaraga z’Iamana kuzanira abakristo bose ukuri kwayo aho bari hose.
Reka dusobanukirwe cyane iki gice cyo mu Isezerano rishya cyitwa “inzandiko” babigabanijemo ibyiciro bibiri: Inzandiko za Paulo n’izitari iza Paulo. Kwitwa iza Paulo nukuvuga ko urwandiko rwavuye ku ntumwa Paulo. Paulo niwe wahoze yitwa Sauli wari ufite ishyaka, umuntu yamwita ko yari intagondwa y’umuyuda, wari ugambiriye kuburizamo ubukristu. Tumwumva bwa mbere mu by’urupfu rwa Stefano (Ibyakozwe n’Intumwa 8:1 havunga ngo na Sauli yari ahari ategeka ko bamwica) ariko Imana yari ifite umugambi kuri Sauli. Nyuma y’iki gice kimwe aricyo cya 9 tubona yarakijijwe ari munzira ajya Damasiko. Izina rye rihita rihinduka riba Paulo, yahamagawe n’Imana ngo abe Intumwa kandi yasoje atari ukuba gusa umu misiyoneri ukomeye mwisezerano rishya ndetse yaba ari munzu y’imbohe cyangwa atayirimo, yafashe igihe cye cyo kwandika ubutumwa yandikira umuntu kugiti cye cyangwa kubantu benshi.
Inzandiko ze 9 zandikiwe amatorero (uhereye ku baroma ukageza ku 2batesalonike) hari izindi nzandiko enye zandikiwe abantu kugiti cyabo ari zo (urwandiko rwa 1&2 za Timoteo, Tito na Filemon) zose hamwe zikaba ari 13 zanditswe n’Intumwa Paulo.
Hanyuma kandi hari inzandiko umunani zandikiwe abakristo babayuda (abaheburayo kugeza kuri Yuda) zose hamwe zikaba ari inzandiko 21 mu bitabo byo mu Isezerano rishya zitwa inzandiko. (Izo ni 21 mu bitabo 27 bigize Isezerano rishya) rero urabona ko inzandiko ari wo mugabane munini mubitabo byo mu Isezerano rishya. Noneho rero twihuse turebe buri gitabo muncamake.
Igitabo cy’Abaroma.
Paulo yanditse ubusobanuro bwagutse bwa theowologia y’abakristo ashaka kwamamaza insobanuro y’ubutumwa bwiza bwa Yesu Kristo cyane cyane imbaraga z’ubwo butumwa kuri twe no kumibanir yacu n’Imana.
Imirongo nyamukuru iboneka mu Baroma 1:16-17 “erega ubutumwa bwiza ntibunkoza isoni; kuko ari imbaraga y’Imana ihesha uwizera wese gukizwa, uhereye ku muyuda ukageza kumugiriki, 17 kuko muri bwo ari na mo gukiranuka kuva ku Mana guhishurirwa, guheshwa no kwizera kugakomezwa na ko, nk’uko byanditswe ngo “ukiranuka azabeshwa ho no kwizera!” Gukiranuka nicyo gitekerezo nyamukuru mu rwandiko rwa Paulo kuba Roma. Iri jambo “gukiranuka” riboneka inshuro 34 nandi magambo ashingiye kuri iryo rikooreshwa cyangwa rivugwa inshuro 64 muri ki kitabo ubwacyo.
Ibice byingenzi mugitabo cy’aba Roma.
Yego ibice yose n’ingenzi ariko Abaroma 3-5 harimo inyigisho yo gukiranuka kubw’ubuntu bitewe no kwizera Kristo bidatewe n’imirimo yamategeko. Ibice 6-8 harimo inyigisho y’ukuntu umuntu yabohorwa ingoyi zibyaha. Atari gusa kuko turi muri Kristo ahubwo kubw’Imbaraga z’Umwuka wera, kandi Abaroma 8:31-39 hatubwira cyane kuby’urukundo rwa Kristo.
Dore incamake y’ibikubiye mugitabo cy’abaroma:
I. Iriburiro (1:1-17)
II. Urubanza rwibyaha: Impamvu yo gukiranuka kubera ibyaha (1:18 – 3:20)
III. Gukurwaho urubanza: Guhabwa gukiranuka kw’Imana binyuze muri Kristo (3:21- 5:21)
IV. Kwezwa: kubarwaho gukiranuka (6:1- 8:39)
V. Gutsindisirizwa: Abayuda n’abagiriki n’imikorere yo gukiranuka kw’Imana (9:1-11:36)
VI. Uko gukiranuka gukoreshwa: gushyira mu bikorwa ko gukiranuka (12:1-15:13)
VII. Ubutumwa bwihariye n’imigisha (15:14-16:27)
Urwandiko rwa I kub’ikorinto (1Corinthians)
Korinto wari umurwa munini wo mumajyaruguru y’Ubugiriki, wari utuwe nabantu 700.000 tuzi ko Intumwa Paulo yafashije gutangiza iri torero (Ibyakozwe nintumwa 18) yumvise ijwi ry’Imana rimubwira kugumayo, agumayo igihe cyingana n’umwaka umwe n’igice, nubwo yahuye nibibazo ariko yarihanganye itorero rirakomera.
Umurwa w’Ikorinto wari uzwi nk’umurwa w’abanya byaha, ahakoreshwaga ururimi rw’abagiriki hose handuye ingeso zabakorinto hose hakwira ubusambanyi, Itorero naryo ryahuye nibibazo bijyanye niyo myifatire, abiga benshi bizera ko uru rwandiko rwari rugenewe gukosora ibitagendaga neza ruvuga kubibazo runaka mwiteraniro ry’ikorinto muri rwo harimo igice gishimishije kiri mugice cya mbere (umurongo wa 18-25) aho Paulo arengera ikibwirizwa cye “umusaraba” wari icyaha kuba yuda bamutegaga amatwi ukaba ubupfapfa kubanyamahanga, ariko kubakizwa ukaba imbaraga z’Imana. Ninde wakwibagirwai igice cya 13 gisobanura iby’urukundo. Igice cya 15 nikimwe mubice birengera umuzuko wa Kristo ari nabyo shingiro ryo kwizera kwacu.
Dore icamake yigi gitabo cy’abakorinto ba mbere.
I. Iriburiro (1:1-9)
II. Kwirema ibice mu Itorero (1:10-4:21)
III. Ubusambanyi mu Itorero (5:1-6:20)
IV. Impuguro kubashakanye (7:1-40)
V. Impuguro kubyo kurya byatambiwe abadayimoni (8:1-11:1)
VI. Impuguro kubijyanye no gusenga (11:2-14:40)
VII. Inyigisho kumuzuko (15:1-58)
VIII. Ibyakusanyirijwe iyerusalemu (16:1-14)
IX. Indunduro (16:5-24)
Urwandiko rwa II kub’ikorinto (II Corinthians)
Intumwa Paulo yakoze ingendo eshatu zo kujya gusura abakorinto, kandi ukuri nuko inzandiko yabandikiye zari enye (urwandiko rwa mbere nurwa gatatu zaratakaye) urwo twita urwandiko rwa mbere rwari urwa kabiri, urwa kabiri nirwo rwari kuba urwa kane ariko mu kwandikwa kwazo hari haciyemo nibura umwaka umwe niwo utandukanya izi ebyiri.
Urwandiko rwa kabiri rurihariye rugaragaza imibereho ye bwite kuruta izindi nyandiko ze zose, ibyo n’ukuvuga ko ruvuga muburyo burambuye ubuzima n’imibabaro ye. Igice cya mbere kigaragaza uburyo yitwaraga mubibazo ndetse agakomeza umurimo we n’ubuzima bwe! Harimo interuro nyishi z’amagambo mur’iki gitabo. Paulo arengera umuhamagaro we nk’Intumwa kuruta mu bindi bitabo byose.
Ibice 4-5 harimo amagambo meza avuga ko nubwo uyu mubiri winyuma usaza, uzasimburwa n’umubiri wo mu mwuka uzahoraho iteka ryose. Hari ibivugwaho bizatubaho tumaze gupfa, muriki gice cya 5 cyiduhamagarira kuba b’ambasaderi b’ubwiyunge. 2Abakorinto 5:17 hasobanura impinduka Yesu azazana, umurongo wa 21 niwo murongo w’ubutumwa bwiza. Ibice 8-9 kigwiriye mo inyigisho zo gutanga (kuba igisonga) ahariho hose muri Bibiliya.
Ibikurikiyeho n’incamake y’ibigize icyo gitabo.
I. Paulo avugira umuhamagaro we wo kuba Intumwa (1:1-7)
II. Impuguro ku byo gutanga (kuba igisonga) (8-9)
III. Paulo avuga kubutware bwe nk’Intumwa.
Abagalatiya
Muri iki gitabo Intumwa Paul ikabukira iby’amategeko, akavugira umudendezo dufite muri Kristo. Hari ho abayuda, abigisha mategeko bo mu itorero ry’Iyerusalemu baje muntara y’igalatiya bakagerageza kumvisha abakristo baho ko bagomba gukurikiza amategeko yo mu Isezerano rya kera. Paulo rero yarabarwaije cyane.
Harimo imirongo myinshi yingenzi; Abagaratiya 2:20 “nabambanywe na Kristo, sijye uriho ahubwo ni Kristo muri jye” ariko igice cya 5 cyaba ari cyo gice gikuru cyerekana uko tuba tumeze iyo turi mubutware bw’umubiri (imirimo ya kamere) kandi cyikagaragaza uko tuba tumeze iyo umwuka wera ariwe uri mubutware (imbuto z’umwuka) hanyuma abagaratiya 5:13 haduhamagarira gukoresha umudendezo dufite muri Kristo nk’amahirwe yo gufashanya murukundo.
Incamake yibigize igitabo cy’Abagaratiya.
I. Ibye kugiti cye: Ubutumwa bw’ubuntu. Hashyigikiwe gutsindishirizwa no kwizera (1:1-2:21)
II. Imyizerere: Ubutumwa bw’ubuntu. Hasobanuwe gutsindishirizwa no kwizera (3:1-4:31)
III. Gushyira mubikorwa: hashirwa mubikorwa gutsindishirizwa no kwizera (5:1-6:18)
Inzandiko yanditse ari munzu y’imbohe
Urwandiko rw’Abefeso, urw’Abafilipi, urw’Abakolosayi, urwa Filimoni n’urwandiko rwa kabiri yandikiye Timoteo, izi nzandiko zose zitwa inzandiko zo munzu y’imbohe kuko Paulo yari akingiraniwe munzu y’imbohe ubwo yandikaga buri rwandiko.
Urwandiko rw’Abefeso:
Iki gitabo cy’Abefeso ntirugaragaramo ikibazo runaka ahubwo, iki gitabo kigaragaza ubwiza bw’Itorero ari ryo mubiri wa Kristo; Kristo umutwe, abizera nabo nk’ingingo, zihawe buri mugisha wose wo mu mwuka muri Kristo. Bigaragara neza ko Paulo yashakaga kwagura ibitekerezo by’abizera kubijyanye nubwinshi bw’ubutunzi buri muri Kristo.
Umushinwa ukomeye ariko ukijijwe witwa Watchman Nee yanditse komanteri kuriki gitabo mu magambo atatu gusa: Ichara, genda, haguruka. Kandi mu befeso harimo interuro ebyiri zamasengesho zikomeye ziboneka mu gice 1:17-23 no 3:16-21.
Igice cya mbere gisobanura cyane agaciro k’umukristo wizera kuruta ahandi hose mu Isezerano rishya. Abefeso 5:21-33 n’igice cyagutse cyivuga kubyo kubaka urugo mu Isezerano rishya. Abefeso 6:10-20 harimo byinshi byigisha urugamba rwo mu mwuka mu Isezerano rishya.
Dore incamake y’iki gitabo.
I. Intashyo cyangwa indamukanyo (1:1-2)
II. Igice cy’imyizerere mur’uru rwandiko, ubutunzi n’umuhamagaro by’Itorero (1:3-3:21)
III. Ishyirw mubikorwa ry’ibiri mur’uru rwandiko; imigendere n’imyifatire y’Itorero (4:1-6:24)
A. Kugendera mu bumwe bw’abizera (4:1-16)
B. Kugendera mu gukiranuka kw’abizera (4:17-5:18)
C. Uko abizera bakwiye kugendera mu Isi (5:19-6:9)
D. Uko abizera bifata mubigeragezo (6:10-20)
E. Indunduro (6:21-24)
Abafilipi
Paulo yarafite impamvu nyinshi ajya kwandika uru rwandiko: 1) yashakaga kwerekana urukundo n’ishimwe ry’impano y’amafaranga bari baramwoherereje; 2) yashakaga gushishikariza abafilipi guhagarara bemye mu mibabaro kandi bakishimira mu mwami batarebye ibibazo bafite; 5) kubakangurira kubana mu bumwe baciye bugufi; nyuma 6) kubaburira ngo bitondere abayuda babacengeyemo bagendera ku mategeko.
Ijambo nyamukuru muyandi magmabo ni ibyishimo. “ibyishimo” mu buryo ubw’aribwo bwose, iri jambo rikoreshejwe inshuro 16 mur’iki gitabo gito! Igice cya kabiri cyitwigisha kuri Kristo wisize ubusa akaza mu isi. Hanyuma igice cya kane Paulo atubwira ibanga ryo kunyurwa (4:11-13)
Dore incamake y’iki gitabo;
I. Intashyo n’ishimwe ku bafilipi (1:1-11)
II. Ibyabaye kuri Paulo ari Roma abwiriza ubutumwa bwiza bwa Kristo (2:1-30)
III. Imibereho yabari muri Kristo Yesu: Kugira wa mutima wari muri Kristo Yesu (2:1-30)
IV. Ingororano y’ubutsinzi bw’abari muri Kristo Yesu: Kumenya Kristo (3:1-21)
V. Amahoro y’ubuzima bw’umukristo: kumenya kubaho kwa Kristo (4:1-23)
Abakolosayi
Nibigaragara ko Abakolosayi berekana umutwaro wa Paulo: wo kurwanya umwuka w’ikinyoma (Gnosticism) uyu mwuka w’inyigisho z’ikinyoma wahakanaga ubumana bwa Kristo, kandi mur’iki gitabo harimo byinshi birengera ubumana bwe (reba 1:15-20) ariko harimo n’ibindi bice by’ingenzi.
Igice cya kabiri kigaragaza uko umukristo aba atunganye iyo ari muri Kristo Yesu, kandi yuko nta kindi kiba gikenewe kongerwa kubyo yakoze. Igice cya gatatu cyubaka kuri ibi kigaragaza imbaraga z’ubufatanye.
Dore incamake yiki gitabo cy’Abakolosayi;
I. Imyizerere: Ubumuntu n’imirimo bya Kristo (1:1-2:3)
II. Impaka(polemical): ibibazo byinyigisho zibinyoma zirwanya umucyo n’ubumwe bwa Kristo.
III. Ibikorwa:ibikorwa by’abizera muri Kristo (3:5-4:6)
IV. Ibya Paulo bwite: Imigambi nagahunda y’intumwa Paulo (4:7-18)
Urwandiko rwa I rwandikiwe Abatesalonika.
Intumw Paulo yifuje gushimira Imana ibyo yakoze mu buzima bw’abakristo baba tesalonika, yisobanura ku magambo yamuvuzweho, kubashishikariza guhagarara bemye mu mibabaro no gusobanura ikibazo cy’imyizerere ku bakristo bapfuye mbere yuko Kristo agaruka kubjyana.
Harimo amagambo abiri cyangwa interuro ebyiri zikuru: “kwezwa” (4:3, 4, 7) no “kugaruka kwa Kristo” kunavugwaho muri buri gice cy’uru rwandiko (1:10; 2:19; 3:13; 4:15; 5:23). Igice cya 5-6 byigisha kugaruka kwa Kristo, kuzmurwa kw’itorero ndetse “n’umunsi w’Uwiteka”
Dore incamake y’urwandiko rw’Abatesalonika ba 1.
I. Ibya kera: Imirimo y’ukwizera (1:1-3:13)
II. Ibya none: Imirimo y’urukundo (4:1-12)
III. Ibyiringirwa: Ibyiringiro by’abihanganye (4:13-5:28)
Urwandiko rwa II rwandikiwe Abatesalonika.
Bishoboka ko uru rwandiko rwanditswe mugihe cy’amezi atandatu nyuma y’urwambere. Uru rwandiko rugaragara ko rugizwe nibintu bitatu bisumbyeho kubyo mu rwambere: 1) hari amakur yo kwiyongera kwimibabaro; 2) kwita ku makuru yuko uru rwandiko atari urwa Paulo niyindi myumvire mibi kunyigisho ze cyane kuby’imperuka, 3) gutanga impanuro zuko bakwiye gufata abanebwe badashaka gukora bari mu Itorero (3:6-15)
Harimo byinshi bigaragaza ibizaranga ibihe by’imperuka munzandiko zombie. Ariko igikuru mur’uru rwandiko ni Kristo aza gutwara Itorero rye, mugihe mu rwandiko rwa II igikuru kirimo ni Kristo agarukana n’Itorero rye gucira urubanza isi y’abatizera. Igice cya kabiri nurufunguzo rukosora ibyavuzwe ko Kristo yamaze kugaruka.
Dore incamake y’urwandiko rw’Abatesalonika ba II:
I. Intashyo n’ijambo ry’ibanze 1:1-2)
II. Paulo atanga impanuro n’ihumure kubijyanye n’imibabaro. (1:4-12)
III. Paulo akosora kandi asobanura ibijyanya no kugaruka kwa Kristo (2:1-17)
IV. Paulo ategeka kandi atanga umuyoboro kubjyanye n’abanebwe. (3:1-16)
V. Paulo asoza abasabira umugisha kandi atanga intashyo. (3:16-18)
Inzandiko zandikiwe abashumba b’amatorero.
Izi nzandiko ziheruka ebyiri zandikiwe abantu kugiti cyabo; Timoteo na Tito. Paulo niwe wabareze mu mwuka, ntiyabayoboraga gusa ahubwo yarabigishaga mw’ijambo ry’Imana.
Urwandiko rwa I rwa Timoteo.
Bigaragara ko Paulo yongeraga inshingano kuri Timoteo, mur’uru rwandiko. Yifuzaga kumwigisha kandi kumushishikaza, amwibutsa ukwizera kwe, kw’inkomoko, impano imurimo yahawe no “kurambikwaho ibiganza” Paulo kandi yabwiraga Timoteo uko ibyo mw’Itorero ryo mw’Efeso bikwiye kugenda (aho Timoteo yayoboraga ari Pastoro) ibibazo by’abigisha b’ibinyoma n’inyigisho z’ukuri zikenewe; uko hakenewe abakuru b’Itorero n’abadiakoni (n’ibisabwa kuri buri mwanya) impanuro z’uko bakwiye gufata abapfakazi, hanyuma avuga uko bakwiye gufata abatunzi mw’itorero.
Igice cya gatatu gitondaguwemo by’umwihariko ibikenewe kuri buri mwanya w’umuyobozi w’Itorero, muri iki gitabo (ndetse no muri Tito)
Dore incamake y’iki gitabo cya Timoteo wa I.
I. Indamukanyo (1:1-2)
II. Impanuro kubijyanye n’imyizerere (1:3-20)
III. Impanuro kubijyanye n’imisengere (2:1-15)
IV. Impanuro kubijyanye n’abayobozi (3:1-16)
V. Impanuro kubyo kwitonderwa bihutaza (4:1-16)
VI. Impanuro kubijyanye na zimwe munshingano (5:4-6:16)
VII. Impanuro za nyuma za Timoteo (6:11-16)
Urwandiko rwa II rwa Timoteo.
Urwandiko rwa II rwa Timoteo rukomeza gutanga impanuro (reba 1:6, 2:1, 15 nicya 4:5) ariko kandi harimo n’impanuro zigenewe Itorero. Ijambo rikuru n’impanuro rikwiriye Itorero rya none riri mu 2:2 “ibyo wanyumvanye imbere y’abahamya benshi, ubimenyeshe abagabo bo kwizerwa bazabyigisha abandi” muri icyo cyanditse harimo ingamba z’Imana zo gutoza abigishwa.
No muri Timoteo wa 1 nuwa II ndetse no muri Tito ibyo kandi nibitabo buri mushumba wese akwiye guhora asoma mu kwihugura. Umva ibivugwa 2:15 “Ujye ugira umwete wo kwishyira Imana nk’ushimwa, umukozi udakwiriye kugira ipfunwe, ukwiriranya neza ijambo ry’ukuri.” Nk’abashumba umwe mumihamagaro yacu nukwiga Bibiliya!
Dore incamake yigitabo cya Timoteo wa II.
I. Indamukanyo (1:1-2)
II. Ishimwe Paulo ashimira Timoteo (1:3-7)
III. Timoteo yibutswa inshingano ze (1:8-18)
IV. Imyifatire y’umugaragu wizerwa (2:1-26)
V. Ibyo umugaragu wizerwa akwiye kwirinda (3:1-17)
VI. Gukangurirwa kubwiriza ijambo (4:1-5)
VII. Kugubwa neza kw’umugaragu wizerwa (4:6-18)
VIII. Indunduro n’intashyo (4:19-22)
TITO
Tito yari umushumba ukiri muto wabaga mukirwa cy’ikeriti. Paulo yamutoje nk’uko yatoje Timoteo, amagambo nyamukuru mur’iki gitabo ni: “imirimo myiza” ryakoreshejwe inshuro esheshatu; “Ubuntu” (1:1,4 13; 2:10, 13 na 3:15)
Igice cya kabiri nigice cy’ingenzi kivuga ku isano hagati ye n’Itorero.
Dore incamake y’igitabo cya Tito.
I. Afungurana indamukanyo n’intashyo (1:1-4)
II. Kurobanurwa kw’abakuru b’Itorero (1:5-9)
III. Inkozi z’ibibi mu Itorero (1:10-16)
IV. Imikorere y’Itorero (2:1-3:11)
V. Impanuro za nyuma n’intashyo (3:12-15)
Filimoni
Iki gitabo kigufi kigizwe n’igice kimwe, n’urwandiko rwandikiwe umuntu kugiti cye ariwe Filimoni, wari wacitswe nimbata ye Onesimo wari warabyajwe agakiza na Paulo.
Paulo yarimo agerageza unkuntu yamusubiza kwa Filimoni. Ikigisho gikomeye kuri Filimoni (natwe) n’ukubabarira abandi muri Kristo!
Dore incamake y’urwandiko rwa Filimoni.
I. Isengesho ryo gushima Filimoni (1:1-7)
II. Kwinginga kwa Paulo yingingira Onesmo (1:8-18)
III. Isezerano rya Paulo kuri Filimoni (1:19-21)
IV. Ibya Paulo kugiti cye (3:12-15)
INZANDIKO ZITANDITSWE NA PAULO
Abaheburayo
Ntiturakamenya uwanditse iki gitabo gitangaje gutya, dukekeranije, birashoboka ko yaba aro Paulo wacyanditse, abandi bakekwa ni Barinaba, Apolo, Silasi, Akwila cyangwa Kerement w’I Roma.
Ijambo nyamukuru mur’iki gitabo, n’ugukomera kurenze ukwabandi bose kwa Kristo, nukw’ubukristo ugereranije n’imikorere y’Isezerano rya kera. Umwanditsi avugako Yesu asumba bose ni bura mu ngero eshanu, (nk’umwana) arakomeye 1) kuruta abahanuzi bo mw’Isezerano rya kera 2) kuruta abamarayika, 3) kuruta Mose 4) kuruta Yosuwa na 5) Aroni umutambyi, igice cya mbere kivuga ubumana bwa Kristo, ariko igice cya cumi na kimwe bagihariye ukwizera. Abaheburayo 11, hasobanura muncamake ibijyanye no kwizera, ibikurikiraho n’abantu b’Imana babayeho mu kwizera.
Dore incamake y’iki gitabo.
I. Gukomera kwa Kristo ugereranije nababayeho kera. (1:1-7:28)
II. Gukomera kw’umurimo we w’Ubutambyi nk’umutambyi mukuru.
III. Icyanyuma nukwizera kwihangana. (11-120
Yakobo.
Habayeho nibur bane bazwi; Yakobo, mw’Isezerano rishya, abenshi bazi ko uwanditse iki gitabo ariwe mwene se wa Yesu. Yakobo yari umuntu utsimbarara cyane, Martin Luther, yamuvuzeho ko yari nk’igishyitsi cya tewologia, ikibazo nuko yakobo yashakaga gukuza abakristo ngo bagire kwizera gukomeye kurangwa n’imirimo. Biroroshye kubona ko yashimangiye ibinyuranye nibya Paulo, kuko Paulo yashimangiye ko agakiza kaboneka kubwo kwizera nta mirimo wakoze, ariko igitabo cya Yakobo kira cukumbuye. Igice cya mbere kivuga ko ugukura guturuka mu kwihanganira ibigeragezo; impamvu yo gusaba Imana ubwenge; aho ibigeragezo bituruka, ibyo byose biri mu gice kimwe gusa! Igice cya gatatu cyiratunganye kirimo impuguro z’uko dukwiye kuvuga (Yakobo yakoresheje ijambo ururimi) igice cya kane harimo byinshi bijyanye nurugamba rwo mu mwuka.
Incamake y’Igitabo cya Yakobo.
I. Guhagarara ushize amanga (Igice cya mbere)
II. Gukorana impuhwe (Igice cya kabiri)
III. Witondere iby’uvuga (Igice cya gatatu)
IV. Gucabugufi ukihana (igice cya kane)
V. Jya wita kubakene (Igice cya gatanu)
Urandiko rwa mbere rwa Petero.
Petero niwe ya ntumwa yatengushye Yesu mw’ijoro ryo kugambanirwa kwe, ariko akaza kugarurwa n’umwami ubwe; kandi ku munsi wa Pantikote (Ibyak 2:38) ni Petero wahagaze arabwiriza, Isezerano rishya riravuka. Urwandiko rwe rwa mbere rwandikiwe abari abashyitsi n’abimukira, abakristo b’abayuda, abo byigeze ngombwa ko batatanira muntara zose z’I Roma, abanza abwira abababazwa kubwa Kristo, ijambo ryo kubabazwa rikorehejwe inshuro 16 mur’iki gitabo gito.
Petero avuga ukuntu Yesu atituye inabi abamubabaje (2:18-25) ahubwo akicisha bugufi imbere yucca imanza zitabera.
Igice cya gatatu kirimo ibijyanye n’ingo z’abashakanye, igice cya gatanu kirimo ibisa nibyo muri Yakobo 4 cyivuga uguca bugufi mu gihe uri mu bigeragezo cyangwa mu bikomeye.
Incamake y’igitabo cya 1Petero
I. Agakiza k’abizera (1:1-12)
II. Kwezwa kw’abizera (1:13-2:12)
III. Guca bugufi kw’abizera (2:13-3:12)
IV. Imibabaro y’abizera (3:13-5:14)
Urwandiko rwa II rwa Petero.
Mu gice cya mbere Petero aduha incamake y’ukuntu umuntu akomeza gukura muri Kristo (1:3-9) ariko iyo nyigisho nibiyikurukira bikozwe muburyo bw’imbuzi, no gukangurirwa kuba aso. Harimo impuruza mu byo avuga ko hazaza abahanuzi b’ibinyoma mu minsi y’imperuka. Igice cya kabiri cyo cyirabishimangira, igice cya gatatu cyikabeshyuza ibyo abahanuzi bibinyoma bavuze kubijyanye no kugaruka kwa Kristo.
Dore incamake y’igitabo cya II Petero.
I. Indamukanyo (1:3-21)
II. Kwamagana abigisha bibinyoma (2:1-22)
III. Gushimikira ibyejo hazaza, nuko biteye (3:1-18)
Igitabo cya I cya Yohana.
Intumwa Yohana yanditse ubutumwa bwiza buriho n’izina rye, cyane cyane murwandiko rwe rwa mbere, yabivuze muncamake yagutse, asoreza kubya Yesu nukuntu ubwe yahamije iby’ubwiza bwa Yesu, “uwo yahozeho kuva mbere na mbere, uwo twumvise, twabonye n’amaso yacu, twarebye tukanamukozaho intoki zacu,” ibyo bigereranye na Yoh 1:14 “Jambo yahindutse umuntu aba muri twe, natwe tubona ubwiza bwe.
Yohana kandi yarwanije uwuka w’ubuyobw wo kwishyira hejuru mu by’ubwenge. Avuga Yesu ko yabayeho hano mur’iyisi. Nyuma avuga no kumwuka wa anti-kristo (2:18-27) n’ahandi mu mirongo yagiye akurikizaho. Kandi yashakaga no kubwira abizera ko badakwiye gushidikanya agakiza kabo, abafasha kumenya ko bakijijwe (5:11-13)
Ijambo nyamukuru ryaba ari ubusabane n’Imana, ariyo avuga ayita umucyo, urukundo, n’ubuzima. N’umuco wo gukundana ukwiye kuranga abizera mumibanire yabo n’abandi nayo ningenzi mur’iki gitabo.
Dore incamake y’iki gitabo.
I. Ijambo ry’ibanze n’intego y’urwandiko (1:1-4)
II. Ubufatanye nyabwo (1:5-2:2)
III. Imyifatire irimo ubusabane (2:3-27)
IV. Uko ubufatanye bukwiye kumera (2:28-5:3)
V. Ingaruka z’ubufatanye (5:4-21)
Urwandiko II rwa Yohana.
Uru rwandiko wandikiwe umugore n’abana be, (1:1, 4-5) bikaba bisobanutse bishatse kuvuga Itorero muri rusange. Nko mu rwandiko rwa mbere Yohana agaragara aburira abantu kubijyanye n’inyigisho y’ikinyoma ivuga ko Yesu atahindutse umuntu (Gnosticism)
Dore incamake y’igitabo cya Yohana.
I. Ijambo ry’ibanze n’indamukanyo (1:1-3)
II. Impanuro yo kugendera mukuri (1:4)
III. Impanuro yo gukomeza gukundana (1:5-6)
IV. Kwirinda abigisha b’ibinyoma (1:7-11)
V. Imbuzi a nyuma n’intashyo (1:12-13)
Urwandiko III rwa Yohana.
Ubwo urwandiko rwa II rwandikiwe Itorero ryose, urwa III rwo rwandikiwe umuntu kugiti cye witwa Gayo, wo Yohana yashimye cyane kumyifatire ye y’urukundo. Ibi bikaza bitandukanye nibyo yavuze kuwundi mugabo witwa
Dioterefe washatse kwiha ubutware, akirukana bandi murusengero, ariko Demetiriyo aramushima.
Dore incamake y’iki gitabo
I. Indamukanyo (1:1)
II. Gushima Gayo (1:2-8)
III. Iteka acira Diyoterefe (1:9-11)
IV. Iteka acira Demetiriyo (12)
V. Indunduro (1:13-14)
Igitabo cya Yuda.
Yuda mu rurimi rw’ikigereki ni “Judas” rimutandukanya na Judas w’umugizi wa nabi. N’umuvandimwe wa Yakobo hamwe nibyo kandi, dukeka ko ari mwene se wa Yesu, yivuga ko ari umugaragu w’imbata wa Kristo” Yuda yashatse kwandika ku gakiza kacu ariko aza kwandika aburira abantu ku nyigisho z’ibinyoma zari zitangiye kuzura mw’Itorero.
Yashishikarizaga abera ko baguma mu kwizera, umwanzi waho nanone, yari za nyigisho z’ibinyoma (Gnosticism) ariko zo zikaba zongeweho ikindi yuko “ibintu byose byo ari bibi, ariko ibyo mu mwuka byose ni byiza, tugomba kwita kubyo mu mwuka ariko tureke imibiri yacu ikore ibyo yifuza”. Kuko n’ubundi itazarama.
Mubakristo icyari kibi niki yuko bayoboraga abakristo mu byaha, bagahindura ubuntu bw’Imana ubusa, bajya mu busambanyi. Ingero nyinshi zo mw’Isezerano rya kera zarifashishijwe mungero za Yuda.
Dore incamake y’igitabo cya Yuda.
I. Indamukanyo n’intashyo (1:1-4)
II. Ubusobanuro no kugaragaza abigisha b’ibinyoma (1:5-16)
III. Kurengera no gushima abizera ( 1:17-23)
IV. Umugisha (1:24-25)
Isezerano rishya—Igitabo cy’ubuhanuzi.
Ibyahishuriwe Yohana.
Igitabo cya nyuma muri Bibiliya, nicy’ibyahishuwe, Intumwa Yohana, wanditse igitabo cya kane cy’ubutumwa bwiza, akaba ariwe wanditse inzandiko eshatu zibanziriza igitabo cy’ibyahishuwe. Ibyahishuwe nicyo gitabo cy’ubuhanuzi cyonyine mw’Isezerano rishya, kandi tuvugishije ukuri biragoye no gusobanukirwa nagace nagato k’ikigitabo, cyanditswe mu rurimi rugoye rw’iby’imperuka, birimo ihishurirwa, bikoreshwa ururimi rugereranya, gukoresha imibare, intego zacyo kenshi ni ku bikorwa by’imperuka, urugamba rwo kurwanya ibibi hakoreshejwe ibyiza, gucira urubanza ibyaha, no gutabarwa kw’Imana mu gihe cy’amakuba.
Iki gitabo cy’Ibyahishuwe gikinguriwe insobanuro itandukanye, ku bakristo bashyira mu gaciro, bagishyize mu byiciro kubera insobanuro yabo kur’iki gitabo. Iki gitabo uretse kuvuga amateka yisi, ariko ibyo cyitirirwa n’ihishurirwa rya Yesu Kristo.
Mu gice cya mbere iki gitabo cyerekana ubwiza bwe, ubwenge bwe n’imbaraga; mu gice cya 2-3 bigaragaza ubutware gifite kuma Torero; mu gice cya 5-19 bigaragaza imbaraga, n’ubushobozi bwo gucira isi urubanza. Ntabwo Yesu ashushanywa nk’uteye ubwoba cyangwa uworoheje. N’intwari yanesheje, umugaba w’ingabo zo mw’ijuru, kandi iki gitabo cyivugako hazabaho umunsi azaza afite ubutware bwo gutsinda anti-kristo, umuhanuzi w’ibinyoma n’abandi banzi bose, kandi akubaka ubwami bwe mugukiranuka n’ubutabera.
Umubare karindwa urakoreshwa cyane mur’iki gitabo: Amatorero arindwi (ibice 2-3)
Ibimenyetso birindwi (Ibyah 6:1-8:1) Impanda ndwi (8:2-9:21) ibimenyetso birindwi (12-14) Inzabya ndwi (15-16) ibikorwa birindwi bya nyuma (17-22)
Abenshi bakoresha Ibyah 3:20 nk’ijwi rya Kristo ababwiriza: Dore mpagaze kurugi ndakomanga! Umuntu ni yumva ijwi ryanjye agakingura urugi, nzinjira iwe dusangire” Abakristo mu binyejana byinshi bafashijwe n’amagambo yanditse mu 21:1-4 aho tubona ihumure ry’Imana ikomeye; izahanagura amarira ku maso yabo. Ntarupfu ruzongera kubaho ukundi, nta mibabaro kuko ibya kera bizaba byahise”.
Dore icamake y’iki gitabo.
I. Amagambo abanza (1:1-8)
II. Ibya kera (1:9-10)
III. Ibya none- ijambo rya Kristo kuma torero 7 (ibice 2-3)
IV. Ibyahanuwe (4:1-22:5)
- Igihe cy’imibabaro ikomeye (4:1-19-21)
- Ingoma ya Kristo (imyaka 1000) n’intebe yera y’Imana ikomeye (20:1-3)
- Urubanza rw’iteka (21:1-22:5)
- Indunduro (22:6-21)
Isomo ryo kubwiriza ibyo mu Isezerano rishya.
Tuganira mur’ iyi minsi, nishimiye kubaganiriza kubijyanye no kubwiriza. Kubwiriza n’umuhamagaro uturuka ku Mana! S’ibyo dupfa gukora ahubwo, n’ibyo tugomba gukora! N’amahirwe ariko kandi ikiruta byose n’umuhamagaro. Muri hano munteze amatwi uyu munsi kuko mufite umuhamagaro w’Imana. Kandi Imana ihamagara aba shumba ngo bawirize ubutumwa bwiza!
Mu Isezerano rishya riri mukigereki, iyi nshinga “KARUSSO” isobanura “gutangaza” kwamamaza, cyangwa kubwiriza. Noneho izina risobanura umubwiriza; umutanga butumwa, intumwa, mwahamagawe n’Imana kwamamaza inkuru nziza y’ubutumwa bwiza bwa Yesu Kristo!
Mukubikora uzaba ukurikije urugero rwa Yesu ubwe! Imana dukorera ikunda kuvugana n’abantu mur’ubwo buryo. Bibiliya n’ihishurirwa ry’Imana ryandikiwe abantu, Intumwa Paulo yandikiye Timoteo imutegeka kubwiriza ijambo ry’Imana, guhora yiteguye mugihe gikwiriye no mugihe kidakwiriye. Uhane, uteshe, uhugure ufite kwihangana kose”. Iyo tubwiriza ijambo tuba twamamaza iby’ Imana yamaze kwamamaza muri Bibiliya!
Imana yavuganye n’abantu binyuze muri Bibliya. Abaheburayo 1:1 havuga ko Imana ya Bibiliya ntiyavuganye na basogokuruza ikoresheje abahanuzi gusa ahubwo yavuganye natwe kenshi mu buryo bwinshi iri jambo ngo “uku niko Uwiteka Imana ivuga” rikoreshwa muri Bibiliya inshuro 2000.
Tuzi yuko Imana ubwayo ari umubwiriza, kuko ubwo yazaga mu isi, mw’ishusho y’umwana wayo (Imana Umwana) Bibiliya itwereka ko Yesu yabwirije, bamwitwaga Rabbi kenshi, bisobanura umwigisha, (inshuro zirenga 50 Yesu yitwa umwigisha mw’Isezerano rishya) mugihe izina umubwiriza batari mwitaga, ariko kubwiriza byari inshingano ze. Nyuma yuko Yohana umubatiza ashyizwe munzu y’imbohe, Matayo 4:17 hatubwira ko uhereye icyo gihe Yesu yatangiye kubwiriza, yamamaje inkuru nziza z’Imana” (Mariko 1:14) yari umuhanga cyane mukwigisha no kubwiriza.
(Matayo 4,9,11) Aho Yesu yabwirije hose yaranzwe n’ubutware bukomeye. Ndetse bigatanza benshi, kuko uburyo yabwirizagamo byabaga binyuranye n’ibyo abigisha babayuda bigishaga.
Yesu yarafite ijwi rirangurura kandi riyunguruye kuko, tutitaye ku bo yabwiraga, Bibiliya itubwira ngo ibihumbi n’ibihumbi byinshi byaramwuvaga (Matayo 5:11, Mariko 6:34 luka 6:17, Yohana 6:2) Imyaka itatu y’imirimo ya Yesu yayigizemo amahirwe yo kubwiriza ubudahagarika. Mariko 1:38 havuga ngo “tujy’ahandi muyindi midugudu iri bugufi nigisheyo naho, kuko aricyo cyanzanye”
Igihe Imana yazaga mu mwana wayo yarabwirije!
Dukwiye gufatanya uwo murimo w’umunezero. None n’iki twabwiriza? Ni Bibiliya! Ariko nk’uko Ratzlaff yatubwiyeho ku ngingo z’ingenzi zo mu Isezerano rya kera yuko tugomba kubwiriza, ndangirango mbisubiremo mw’Isezerano rishya.
Nizihe ngingo nyamukuru zo mw’Isezerano rishya zikwiye kubwirizwaho? Kimwe kidashidikanwaho n’ubutumwa bwiza.
Ubutumwa bisobanuye “inkuru nziza” igihe cyose ubwirije uku kuri kwa Yesu Kristo, kuza kwe muisi, ibyo yakoze byinshi byiza, ariko bakamurega ibinyoma, akababazwa bikomeye, akanabambwa ku musaraba. Ahambwa mumva ariko ku munsi wa gatatu arazuka mu buryo bw’igitangaza, ubu akaba ategekera mw’ijuru, ariko umunsi umwe azagaruka. Kandi kugirango tumwitegure tugomba kwizera imirimo yo ku musaraba ngo dukurweho ibyaha byacu. Ukuri nuko yatwishuriya ikiguzi cyose, yemeye kwishyiraho umujinya w’Imana kuri we, ababazwa mukimbo cyacu.
Hari imirongo myinshi ivuga ubu butumwa bwosa mu murongo umwe, turebe Yohana 3:16. uyu murongo ushobora kuba uzwi cyane muri Bibiliya; “kuko Imana yakunze abari mwisi cyane, bituma itanga umwana wayo w’ikinege kugirango umwizera wese atarimbuka, ahubwo ahabwe ubugingo buhoraho.”
Uwundi murongo ukomeye ni; 2Abakorinto 5:21 “Kuko utigeze kumeny’icyaha, Imana yamuhinduye kuba icyaha ku bwacu, kugirango muri we duhinduke gukiranuka kw’Imana”
Ndavuga undi murongo umwe gusa ukubiyemo ubwo butumwa nawo ni 1Petero 3 :18 « kuko na Kristo yababarijwe ibyaha by’abantu rimwe, umukiranutsi ababarizwa abakiranirwa kugirango atuyobore ku Mana, amaze kwicwa mu buryo bw’Umubiri, arikw’ ahinduwe muzima mu buryo bwo mu mwuka. »
Indi ngingo n’ukwizera.
Ndashaka gukoresha izi nzira ebyiri ; iya mbere n’ukwizera gukenewe kugirango winjire mu bwami bw’Imana Abefeso 2 :8-9 havuga ngo « mwakijijwe n’ubuntu kubwo kwizera ; ntibyavuye kuri mwe, ahubwo n’impano y’Imana, ntibyavuye no ku mirimo kugirango hatagira umuntu wirarira »
Kwizera kuri mu bintu bibiri ugomba kumenya : icyambere menyako uri umunaya ntege nke utabasha kwikura mu kaga kangana gatyo. Icya kabiri n’ukwemera no guha Yesu ubuzima bwawe, wiringiye ko ibyo Yesu yakoze ku musaraba, bihagije kugukuraho ibyaha no kukubohora. Hari andi magambo abiri asobanura kwizera ;kwizera no kwiringira biragendana. Ibyo bidusubiza kuri Yoh 3:16 twamaze kubona. Ibyak 16:31 uyu murongo werekana Paulo na Sila bakubiswe bajugunywe munzu y’imbohe baririmba bahimbaza Imana nijoro, habaho umushyitsi imbohe zose zirabohoka, umurinzi wa gereza ashaka kwiyahura yibwira ko abanyururu bamaze kumucika. Ariko Paulo aramubuza ati sigaho wikwihemukira. Ahita yikubita hasi arabaza ati nkore iki kugirango nkizwe? Pauli aramusubiza (Ibyak 16:31) “ni wizera Yesu Kristo urakizwa….”kwizera gukwiye gukoreshwa ubundi buryo, iyo kwizera kwamaze kudukiza tuba noneho dusabwa kubaho mu kwizera.!
Abaroma 1:17 havuga ngo “kuko muri bwo ari namwo gukiranuka kuva ku Mana guhishurirwa, guheshwa no kwizera, kugakomezwa nako, nk’uko byanditswe ngo: umukiranutsi azabeshwaho no kwizera”.
Abakristo bahamagarirwa kubaho mur’ubu buzima, budasanzwe bwo kwizera Imana buri munsi bakiri mwisi, kandi ntibusanzwe! Mu gihe jye n’umufasha wanjye twasozaga imirima yacu muri Lake Tahoe, twiyumvamo ko Imana yashakaga ko twimukira muri Sacramento, twateye intambye yo kwizera, twiguriza amafaranga menshi, ngo twishyure umwenda w’inzu muri Lake Tahoe, mu kwizera tugura inzu twashakaga muri Sacramento, dushiyira kw’isoko iyi muri Tahoe, hashira amezi umunani yose ntawurabaza ushaka kuyigura. Bitinze twimura intebe zacu tuzishyira mu bubiko, twimukira muri Sacramento, uwo munsi twimukiyeho tujya munzu yacu nshya, telephone yarahamagaye, ushinzwe amazu arambwira ati hari umuguzi! Twateye intambwe yo kwizera Imana, nayo irabyubahiriza.
Twagurishije inzu yacu muri Tahoe, twishyura umwenda wose. Ibyo ndabikunda cyane iyo mvuga ku kwizera nkabasha kuvuga ubuhamya uko Imana yamfashije mu byari bingoye,! Bishimisha umukristo kubaho mu kwizera.
Ikindi cyanditswe ni Abaheburayo 11. igice cyose kivuga ku kwizera no kwiringira Imana mubyo ukeneye byose, umutwe wijambo nkunda kubwirizaho mw’Isezerano rishya ni UBUNTU wa murongo nari navuzeho Abefeso 2:8 “twakijijwe ku buntu” ubuntu n’ikintu twagiriwe tutari tugikwiriye. Twari dukwiriye umuvinya kubera ibyaha byacu ariko Imana iturebana imbabazi, kubera ibyo Yesu yababajwe igihe yapfaga kumusaraba kubw’ibyaha byacu, duhita duhabwa, urukundo n’imbabazi z’Imana.
Undi murongo ukomeye cyane ni Tito 2:11-12 “kuko ubuntu buzana agakiza kubantu bose bwarahishuwe”. Utwigisha kuvuga oya ku byisi byonona, n’irari ryayo, ngo tubeho dutunganye mubuzima bw’ikigihe. Hari ibintu bibiri mbona muri ki cyanditswe, kimwe ni Yesu ubwe yitwa ubuntu, kandi iyo ubutekerejeho, ubuzima bwe burangwa n’ubuntu.
Ari kumusaraba yarasenze “Data ubababarire kuko batazi icyo bakora” no mumirimo yakoze yajyaga agira ubuntu Luka 7 hatubwira inkuru y’indaya yasomye ibirenge bye akabihanaguza amarira ye. Ubuntu bwe bushingira ku kubabarira. Ninde wakwibagirwa umugore bafashe asambana Yoha 8:1-11 Yesu abaza abari biteguye kumwica, niba hari utarkora icyaha abari we umutera ibuye bwa mbere. Ahita ahindukirira uwo ugore aramubwora ati, “singucira urubanza, igendere ntugakore icyaha ukundi” nkunda kubwiriza kubuntu bwa Yesu Kristo. Uwo numutwe wo gushishoza neza niba ufite Concordance. Inshiro nyinshi Paulo avuga k’ubuntu bwa Kristo, ndetse akajya abwira uwariwe wese bahuye ubwo buntu.
Hari amagambo menshi mw’Isezerano rishya umuntu yashobora kubwirizaho, wabwiriza ku gukiranuka, gusenga, Umwuka wera, hari byinshi. Icyangombwa nuko UBWIRIZA nkuko Paulo yabwiye Timoteo “jya ubwiriza ijambo” uhore witeguye mu gihe gikwiriye no mu gihe kidakwiriye, jya uhana uteshe, uhugure, ufite kwihangana no kwitondera ibi”
(2Timo 4:2)
Ntabwo ari ibintu bigoye gukopera amagambo avuga k’ubuntu mu Rwanda, ivangura ry’ amoko ryazanye ubuwicanyi, uwo mwuka uracyashaka gukomeza. Ariko igisubizo niki Ubuntu bw’Imana, butuma abantu bahunze bahungabanye bakongera guhindurwa. Nkuko Kristo yabi garagaje mu buntu, natwe duhamagarirwa kuba mu buntu bw’Imana. Iyo abandi badukoshereje tugomba kubababarira nk’uko Kristo yatubabariye, kandi ubagirire neza.
Urugero rwa hafi rw’abantu ni nka Pastor Protais nigikorwa cy’ubumwe n’ubwiyunge PHARP ikora bigaragaza ubuntu mubikorwa bifite ireme! Navuga nkumukristo w’umunyamerika, yuko ingero nagiye mbona mugihugu cyanyu zatumye mpinduka mbaho mubundi buryo. Kandi hari n’abandi benshi bakeneye kumva ubutumwa bakegera ubuntu bw’Imana.
IJAMBO RYEREKEYE UBUMWE
Mu myaka ibiri ishize ubwo narindi hano mu Rwanda, nigisha abashumba, Umwami yarankanguye ijoro rimwe, inyumvisha buryo ki aringombwa ko ngira icyo mvuga ku bumwe. Ubumwe mvuga ntabwo ari bwa bumwe bwae n’itorero ryawe. Nubumwe bwo mu miryango aho ituye kuko ningombwa. Ariko kandi ningombwa kubaho ubumwe mu muryango mugari wa Kristo mu ntara runaka cyangwa Umujyi.
Reka mbabaze ikibazo: Iyo Imana irebye kwisi iri mwijuru, ikareba umujyi, cyangwa agace runaka, Ibona amatorero angahe? Igisubizo ni ITORERO RIMWE! Hari amakoraniro menshi ariko byukuri ari itorero rimwe, iyo rero abapastoro bo mu Karere runaka bamenye ko bose bari mw’Itorero rimwe ryo Kristo yapfiriye, ngo ribeho Imana itangira guha umugisha uwo murimo.
Bumbura Bibiliya yawe muri Yohana 17, harimo ibintu bike nshaka ko mumenya muriri sengesho rya yesu. Icyambere niryo sengesho rirerire Yesu yasenze muri Bibiliya. Kandi natwe mo mu mwaka wa 2010 twisangamo kuruta muyandi masengesho yose abaho. Bitekerezeho m’urubu buryo; ubwo Yesu yareberaga igihe kizaza mucyo yar’arimo, mw’ijoro rimwe ryanyuma mu murimo we hano ku isi, mbere yo kubabazwa no gupfa kwe kumusaraba, niki utekereza ko yari gusengera? Icyari kuba icy’ingenzi kuriwe niki? Reka tubirebe dusoma. Yohana 17:20-21 “sinsengera aba bonyine.
Ndasengera n’abazanyizezwa n’ijambo ryanjye babwiwe naba, kugirango bose babe umwe, Data nkuko uri muri jye nanjye nkaba muri wowe. Reka nabo babe muri twe kugirango isi yizere ko wantumye”
Dore icyo Yesu avuga: iyo abakurikira Yesu bose batangiye kuba umwe, bagakorera mubumwe, Isi ihita yizera ko Imana yatumye Yesu- muyandi magambo abantu bazizera ubutumwa tubabwira!
Reka mbahe ikindi gice kimwe. Reba Zaburi 133 iyi zaburi yose ivuga ku bumwe: umurongo wa mbere uvuga ko “Dorere erega nibyiza nibyigikundiro ko abavandimwe baturana bahuje” reba umurongo wa gatatu: “kuko aho niho Uwiteka yategekeye umugisha” muri Bibiliya yo mucyogereza cya kera ivuga ko “Imana itegeka umugisha” ubutumwa burimo nubu, aho ubumwe buri, Imana ihategekera umugisha ngo uajye.
Reka mbahe ubuhamya bwanjye kubijyanye n’ubumwe: nkiri mu rusengero rwo mu mujyi wa Calfonia, namenyanye n’abapastori bo muri Modesto muri Califonia. Twasuye buri mushumba wese, wizera Bibiliya, tukajya duhura. Nyuma aba bapasitori batangira kujya basengana rimwe mu cyumweru. Ibitangaza byarabaye. Nkibana nabo batumiye umuvuga butumwa witwa Luis Palau aza kubwiriza, abantu bagera kuri 2000 barihanye. Iteraniro rya mbere ryabaye kucyumweru ni mugoroba.
Byatumye amatorero arangiza gahunda kare kugirango baze kubana natwe. Hari abantu bageze kuri 13.000, niryo teraniro rinini rya mbere mu mateka ya Modesto. Nyuma y’imyaka runaka Itorero rimwe ryagize igeterane cy’ivugabutumwa, cyarimo imikino ya teatire yavugaga kuri Yesu. Amatorero menshi yabigizemo uruhare, abakristo batangiye kuzana inshuti zabo zidakijijwe, abakiriye Kristo bose bari bamaze kugera kuri 53,000. Amatorero menshi yikubye kabiri, yagombye kongera umubare w’amateraniro yabo.
Nahise nimukira muri Oregon, ahantu hitwa Klamth falls. Na none icyo twatangiye gukora kwari uguhuza abashumba mu bumwe. Natangiye iteraniro ry’amasengesho hamwe n’abashumba icumi bavuye mu matorero atandukanye. Bamwe bari abapantekote, abandi bari ababatista, nandi matorero. Twatangiye kujya dusenga rimwe mu kwezi. Nyuma bahita babigira rimwe mu cyumweru.
Twongeraho kujya dusangira rimwe mu kwezi. Itorero ryanjye hamwe nirindi rimwe twitanze gukora igiterane kimwe, andi matorero aza kwifatanya gusa hafi abantu igihumbi barakijijwe. Ndibuka ko nabatije abantu 56 mu byumweru bitandatu mwitorero ryanjye gusa! Mu myaka yakurikiyeho, amatorero yose yo muri uwo mujyi arangiza amateraniro kare ngo ahurire mu kibuga ngo yerekane igikora cy’ubumwe.
Mu mujyi mbwirizamo wa Woodland, muri Califonia, n’ubu abashumba baracyahura rimwe mu kwezi, dusangira ibya ku manywa, tukamenyana! Nizerako Imana izaha umugisha ubwo bumwe bwacu muri uwo mujyi!
Rero icyo mbifuriza nuko mwashyira imbaraga zanyu mu bumwe nizerako mu busanganywe. Niby’igiciro kinshi kubabona hano mur’aya mahigurwa, kandi ndabatongerera hamwe uko muri hano. Kandi ndashaka guha abashumba bo mur’uyu mujyi filime ya Yesu. Rick wallen yise iyi filime ya Yesu ngo nigikoresho cyibwiriza Yesu kuruta ibindi kuisi. Kandi turayibahera ubuntu, turabasengera ngo amatorero yanyu uko akunda Imana kandi yizera Kristo akorere mubumwe, kubw’icyubahiro cy’Imana. Amen amen!