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Iyumvire - INTWARI YAKOZE IBARA - INKURU NGUFI
Intwari Yakoze Ibara – Inkuru ngufi yanditswe na A. Happy Umwagarwa
© 2018 A. Happy Umwagarwa
Uburenganzira bw’umwanditsi bugomba kubahirizwa.
Ntawemerewe gusubiramo iyi nkuru cyangwa igice cyayo adafite uruhushya rwanditse rw’umwanditsi wayo.
Nubwo iyi nkuru ishingiye ku mateka, ni igitekerezo mpimbano. Amazina, abavugwa mu nkuru, ndetse n’ibiba ku bavugwa mu nkuru, uretse ibisanzwe bizwi mu mateka, byose byahimbwe n’umwanditsi, cyangwa se bikoreshwa mu buryo bw’igiterekezo. Haramutse hari usanze afitanye isano n’ibivugwa muri iyi nkuru, byaba bitari ku bwende bw’umwanditsi. Ibitekerezo bitangazwa muri iyi nkuru ntibikwiye kwitiranywa n’ibitekerezo bwite by’umwanditsi.
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Benshi bari bazi ko Mugisha na Kayitesi bahiriwe n’urugo. Ntibari bazi ko, nk’abakritsu bavutse ubwa kabiri, bamwenyuraga nyamara bahishe ibikomere ku mitima yabo. Hari abajya bavuga ko gushakana n’uwo udakunda ari uguhemuka cyangwa kwandarara. Mugisha yakundaga rwose umugore we, Kayitesi. Yizeraga kandi ko n’umugore we amukunda, nubwo rimwe na rimwe yajyaga yibaza impamvu yangaga ko bahuza urugwiro, niba koko yaramukundaga. Igihe cyose Mugisha yageragezaga gukora kuri Kayitesi, undi yahitaga yijima, ndetse akamwigizayo. Iyo atamubwiraga ko arwaye umutwe, yavugaga ko ababara mu gifu, cyangwa se ko ananiwe. Rimwe na rimwe, hari ubwo yamubwiraga ko ikimutera gutinya imibonano mpuzabitsina ari akaga kamugwiriye mu gihe cy’Itsembabwoko ryakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994. Mugisha yumvaga agahinda k’umugore we pe. Icyari kimushimishije ni uko Kayitesi yari yaremeye gutangira inzira yo gukira ibikomere, kandi Mugisha yari yariyemeje kuyigendanamo na we. Mugisha na Kayitesi bari baragishije inama abayobozi b’idini yabo, ndetse n’abajyanama mu bijyanye n’urushako. Nk’umukritsu wavutse ubwa kabiri, Mugisha yabifataga nk’ikigeragezo yagombaga kuzatsinda. Yakundaga umugore we kandi yariyemeje kubana na we mu byiza no mu bigoye. Kayitesi ntawundi muntu yagiraga ku isi, uretse Mugisha.
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Ku mugoroba wo kuwa 14 Ukuboza 2015, ubwo Mugisha yari atwaye imodoka, avuye ku kazi, agana imuhira, ibitekerezo ku rugo rwe byagendaga bimuhamiriza mu mutwe. Yari yasabye ikiruhuko ku kazi, kandi yagihawe. Ntakindi yatekerezaga rero, uretse urugo rwanjye. Yifuzaga kugera mu rugo, ayuhagira, agasangira icyayi n’umugore we, ndetse akamuha igituza cye akakiryamamo. Inzira yose, Mugisha yiyambazaga Nyagasani ngo aze kumufasha umugore we ntaze kwanga ko amukoraho, amukundwakaza, ndetse ngo bahuze n’urugwiro. Mugisha yacishagamo akibuka ko ubwo baherukaga kuganira n’umujyanama mu bijyanye n’urushako, Kayitesi yari yaravuze ijambo umugabo we atabashije gusobanukirwa. Kuva icyo gihe, yari yaranze kubwira Mugisha uwo yavugaga ubwo yagiraga ati, “Ya nyamaswa yagarutse mu buzima bwanjye.” Mugisha yaribazaga ati, Yaba se ari uwamuhohoteye wagarutse? Ese yaba ari umwe mu bagororwa baherutse kurekurwa? Cyangwa ni umwe mu bagarutse bavuye muri Kongo? Yifuzaga ko Kayitesi yamukundira akamubwira iyo nyamaswa iyo ari yo, ariko, aho kumubwira iby’iyo nyamaswa, Kayitesi yari yarahisemo gutera umugabo we umugongo. Mu busanzwe, ntiyajyaga yubahuka kubwira nabi Mugisha. Ntibajyaga batongana. Ariko, muri iyo minsi, Mugisha yari yarayobewe icyo Kayitesi yabaye. Icyo umugabo we yavugaga cyose, cyaba kuri we bwite, ku kazi ke, ku nshuti ze, Kayitesi yasubizanyaga inabi. Uwo mugoroba rero, Mugisha yari yafashe icyemezo cy’uko byose bagombaga kubishyira hasi, bagakemura ibibazo, byanze bikunze. Yaribwiraga ati, Abajyanama barananiwe. Ni njye ugomba kuba umugabo ngakemura ibibazo mfitanye n’umugore wanjye. Yari yiyemeje gukora ibishoboka byose, Kayitesi akamubwira ibyari bimuri ku mutima, abishaka atabishaka.
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Mugisha ageze mu rugo, yasanze urugi rurangaye. Yinjira mu ruganiriro, ahamagara Kayitesi, ariko undi ntiyakwitaba. Atera intambwe agana mu cyumba bararagamo. Yasanze Kayitesi arimo kwinogereza amavuta ku mubiri we w’ibihogo, nta mwambaro n’umwe umutwikiriye ubwiza. Amaso ye yari yabaye ibishirira nk’aho yari yigeze kurira. Abonye umugabo we, arikanga, ndetse asa nk’utitiye. Icyakora, nyuma y’amasegonda make, ahita asa nk’umwereka ko nta kibazo yari afite. Mugisha na we ntiyakwereka umugore we ko yari yarabutswe gushishira kwe. Ahubwo, ahita amwegera, maze amusoma ku itama. Kayitesi yaramukundiye. Mugisha arakomeza, agera no ku yindi ntego. Banyungutana iminwa byabindi bya Gifaransa. Amusunikira ku buriri. Kayitesi arembuza umugabo we, amwereka ko yari yemerewe gukuramo ipantalo, ndetse amufasha kuyikuramo. Mugisha yagize isoni ndetse afatwa n’igitengo. Yabonaga bitunguranye, kandi bidasanzwe. Imyenda iba igeze hasi. Mugisha akorakora Kayitesi, aramukundwakaza, ndetse arongera aramusoma. Nubwo we yashakaga kwitondera icyo gikorwa, kandi akakigenza buhoro, Kayitesi, we, yasaga nk’ufite ubwira. Yashakaga umugabo we wese wese. Mugisha nawe yafashe urugingo rwe, maze yitonze, yinjira kwa Kayitesi wari umwiteguye kandi amwishimiye cyane. Umugore yavugije akaruru nk’ak’abakinamico, ariko bitari nka byabindi by’ibifitirano. Mugisha na Kayitesi bahuje urugwiro ndetse bakuza urukundo pe. Gusa umugabo ntiyatinzeyo, ndetse acyeka ko atabashije kumara umugore we ipfa. Icyamubabaje cyane ni uko, barangije, yahaye igituza umugore we ngo akiryameho, ngo baze kongera guhuza urugwiro, ariko aho gukomeza ibyo umunezero, Kayitesi ahita aturika akarira.
Mugisha yabajije umugore we uko bimugendekeye.
Nta kindi Kayitesi yavuze, uretse kubwira umugabo we ati: “Mugisha, mbabarira.”
Mugisha aramubaza ati: “Nkubabarire ko wagize ute?”
“Mbabarira byose.”
“Ushatse kuvuga iki? Mbwira. Habaye iki? Ubushize, ubwo twari twagiye kureba umujyanama, wavuze ko ya nyamaswa yagarutse. Ni nde wavugaga?”
Ntako Mugisha atagize ngo yinginge umugore we, ariko undi yanga kumubwira icyamuteye kurira. Iryo joro ryari ryatangiye neza ryaje kuba nk’andi yose. Icyizere Mugisha yari yagize cyo kongera guhuza urugwiro n’umugore we, cyageze aho kirayoyoka. Iryo joro ryose, Kayitesi yaraye ashidurwa n’interabwoba, maze akavuza induru nk’aho hari uwo barwanaga. Yasubiragamo izina ry’umukobwa we, uwo yabyaye bitewe n’abamukoreye ibibi. Yabwiraga uwo bari bahanganye muri izo nterabwoba ati: “Ni umwana wanjye, ntabwo ari uwawe.” Ubundi Mugisha akumva umugore we yinginga uwo yabwiraga muri izo nterabwoba ngo amuhe amahoro. Icyateraga Mugisha impungenge kurushaho ni uko mu byo Kayitesi yavugaga harimo n’izina rye. Yagiraga ati: “Mugisha mwahuriye he? Ha umugabo wanjye amahoro. Ntabwo ari inyamaswa nkawe.” Hashiraga akanya, Kayitesi akongera agatwarwa n’agatotsi, ariko nyuma akongera agashiduka agira ati: “Oya, ntabwo nigeze mwica. Ntabwo namwishe. Ndarahiye rwose, sinamwishe.”
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Bucyeye bw’aho, Mugisha yabyutse yafashe icyemezo ko aho kuvugisha umujyanama mu by’urushako, yagombaga guhamagara inararibonye mu by’ihungabana yari yararangiwe n’inshuti ye y’umuganga. Ariko abaduye telefone ye, asanga hari ubutumwa bwinshi muri WhatsApp. Akimara gusoma, yakubitswe n’inkuba. Bwari ubutumwa buvuga inkuru y’urupfu rwa Koloneli Kanyamibwa wari mu kiruhuko cy’izabukuru. Yari yasanzwe mu cyumba cya hoteli, yapfuye. Mugisha yaribajije ati, Ni nde wishe Koloneli Kanyamibwa? Uwo mugabo wari wapfuye Mugisha yamufataga nk’indakemwa, ndetse ingenzi mu buzima bwe. Ni we yakeshaga akazi yakoraga muri Rock Builders Ltd, kuko ari we wari waramuhuje n’umuyobozi mukuru w’icyo kigo. Ubwa mbere bamenyana, bari barahuriye mu nama y’abubatsi b’umwuga bakiri bato. Kuva uwo munsi bari barahindutse inshuti. Koloneli Kanyamibwa yari yarageze no mu rugo rwa Mugisha na Kayitesi inshuro ebyiri. Mugisha yari azi Koloneli Kanyamibwa nk’imfura rwose.
Nuko Mugisha abwira Kayitesi ati: “Reba ibyo mbonye. Bamwishe. Noneho rwose, ndakariye iki gihugu pe.”
Kayitesi ntiyamusubije. Ahubwo yahise asohoka, arigendera.
Undi ararangurura, amubaza impamvu nta cyo avuze ku rupfu rwa Koloneli Kanyamibwa.
Kayitesi avugira mu matamatama ati: “Ntacyo navuga. Ni iki cyemeza se ko yishwe ? ”
Mugisha ati : “Bavuze ko uwamwishe agomba kuba yamukubise ikintu mu mutwe.” Yongeraho ati: “Ariko se kuki yari mu cyumba cya hoteli? Yari yagezeyo ate? Aho ntibaba bari bamuteze indaya?”
Yacanye televiziyo ngo arebe icyo babivugaho mu makuru. Hose bari kuvuga kuri urwo urupfu rwatunguranye. Abantu bose, yaba abayobozi cyangwa abasirikare bakuru bari baguye mu kantu. Abanyamakuru batandukanye bavugaga ko Koloneli Kanyamibwa yari umwe mu ntwari zabohoye u Rwanda ku buryo rwose yari akwiye kuramba, akanezezwa n’ibyo yaharaniye, maze akazisazira mu mahoro. Mugisha yari yashobewe. Yaribwiraga ati, Uko biri kose ntabwo ubu ari ubwicanyi bushingiye ku mpamvu za politiki. Koloneli Kanyamibwa yubahwaga na benshi mu bategetsi no mu basirikare. Ni nde wamwishe koko?” Nubwo yumvaga ahari hari hakiri kare, ntiyashoboye kwihanganira kudahita ahamagara umugore wa Koloneli Kanyamibwa ngo amukomeze. Agomba kuba rwose yari mu ba mbere bahamagaye uwo mubyeyi. Nuko, nk’uko yari yabigennye kuri uwo munsi, ahamagara na wa mujyanama mu by’ihungabana, maze ajya kuganira na we ikibazo cya Kayitesi. Agezeyo, umujyanama yamuteze yombi kandi. Icyakora aho kumuha umuti w’ibyo bibazo, ahubwo amusaba kuzagaruka undi munsi, azanye n’umugore we. Ntahandi Mugisha yifuzaga kujya uretse gusubira iwe, agapfumbata Kayitesi mu gituza, nubwo yari yashenguwe n’urupfu rwa Koloneli Kanyamibwa.
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Mugisha akigera mu rugo rwe, amagufa ye yarakangaranye. Urugo rwari rwuzuye abapolisi.
Bahita bamuboha amaboko, maze bati: “Turakumenyesha ko utawe muri yombi. Ufite uburenganzirwa bwo kutagira icyo uvuga. Icyo wavuga cyose gishobora kuzakoreshwa mu rubanza rwawe.”
Kayitesi avugira hejuru ati: “Umugabo wanjye ararengana. Nta muntu yigeze yica.” Yabakurikiye asubiramo ayo magambo. Bashyira Mugisha mu modoka ya Polisi. Kayitesi asoma umugabo we, maze aramwongorera ati: ‘Mbabarira. Nzakora uko nshoboye ufungurwe. ”
Nuko bajyana Mugisha muri kasho. Yari wenyine. Nta bandi bantu bari bafunganywe. Iminsi itanu yamaze muri kasho yamubereye miremire kurusha indi yose y’ubuzima bwe. Abapolisi bajyaga basimburana kuza kumubaza ibibazo, bahoraga basubiramo.
Bati: “Ni wowe muntu wa nyuma wavuganye na Koloneli Kanyamibwa mbere y’uko yicwa. Mwavuganye iki? Ni iki cyatumye aguhamagara?”
Mugisha ati: “Ntabwo rwose nzi impamvu yampamagaye. Yambajije gusa aho nari mperereye, maze mubwira ko nari nkiri ku kazi. Arambaza ati: ‘Kugeza ryari?’ Mubwira ko nagombaga gutinda ku kazi, nkaza kugera mu rugo nka saa kumi n’ebyiri n’igice. Ni ibyo byonyine twavuganye. Ahita ahagarika telefone.”
Bati: “Yaba yarakubwiye aho we yari?”
Undi ati: “Oya, ntaho yambwiye.”
“Yaba se yaragusabye kumusanga kuri hoteli?”
“Oya, ntabyo yansabye.”
“Nyuma y’akazi,wahise ujya he?”
“Mvuye ku kazi, nahise njya imuhira.”
Bati: “Ni nde wundi mwavuganye uwo munsi?”
Mugisha ati: “Ndumva ntawe nibuka twaba twaravuganye by’umwihariko. Nshobora kuba naravuganye n’inshuti imwe cyangwa ebyiri, cyangwa abo dukorana. Byumvikana ko, nk’ibisanzwe, n’umugore wanjye twavuganye.”
Bakomeje kujya bagaruka kumubaza ibyo bibazo, kugeza ubwo yumva arambiwe gusubiza. Yibazaga ukuntu yacyekwaho kuba yarishe umuntu wari ingenzi kuri we, maze akumva yanze isi n’abayo. Yanzuye ko ahari ubuzima bwagombaga kuzamusharirira kugeza ku rupfu.
Muri iyo kasho, yari arimo wenyine, Mugisha yongeye kwibuka ibyo yaciyemo byose mu buzima. Yibutse ubwo mu mwaka w’i 1990 yafungwaga ashinjwa kuba Icyitso cy’Ingabo-Nkundagihugu. Icyo gihe yari afite imyaka 17 gusa. Abajandarume bamushinjaga ko ngo yagiye mu mahugurwa yo gukoresha imbunda kugirango azateze umutekano muke mu gihugu. Mugisha yari ababajwe no kuba yari yongeye gushyirwa muri kasho ashinjwa icyaha atari yakoze. Yari wenyine, nta we yaganyira, kuko umuryango we watsembwe mu gihe cy’Itsembabwoko ryakorewe Abatutsi, mu 1994. Iyo hataza kubaho intwari nka Koloneli Kanyamibwa, wenda Mugisha ntaba yararokotse. Yubahaga kandi agahora iteka ashimira uwo ari we wese wari mu ngabo-nkundagihugu zamurokoye. Ntabwo yumvaga ukuntu yari mu munyururu, ashinjwa kwicwa umwe mu bo yafataga nk’intwari ze. Yatekereje ku mugore we, Kayitesi, n’akaga kamugwiririye mu buzima. Yatekereje ku mubano wabo utari warigeze urangwa n’ibyishimo nk’uko byari bikwiye. Yibazaga uko Kayitesi yari amerewe nyuma y’uko abonye umugabo we amusize, ajyanywe kuborera mu munyururu, ashinjwa icyaha atashoboraga no gutekereza na rimwe gukora. Yashatse kuvuza induru, agatera akamo, agashwanyuka, maze akava kuri iyi si y’akarengane. Yumvaga atagishoboye kubaho. Yagerageje guhamagara Imana, ariko ntacyo yari afite cyo kuyibwira, uretse kuyibaza impamvu ikomeza kwemera ko ubuzima bumusharirira.
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Hashize iminsi itanu Mugisha ari muri kasho, yajyanywe mu nkiko. Yari afite umwunganizi mu mategeko, ariko ntiyari azi uko aza kwiregura. Nubwo abamushinjaga na bo basaga nk’abadafite ibimenyetso bifatika, na we ubwe nta bimenyetso yari afite bimushinjura. Yahisemo kubiharira umwunganizi, we mpuguke mu mategeko. Kayitesi yari yaje mu rukiko, yambaye umukara hose, nk’aho umugabo we yari yapfuye. Yari afite umuzingo w’impapuro mu ntoki, ku buryo Mugisha yibazaga ko ahari wenda hari icyo umugore we yari yavumbuye cyari kumurengera.
Amaze kwinjira, Kayitesi yegereye umugabo we, aramusoma, maze ati: “Ndakwinginze, umbabarire.” Nuko ajya mu byicaro bye.
Umushinjacyaha yavuze ko Mugisha yacyekwagaho kwica Koloneli Kanyamibwa kubera ko ari we wa nyuma bari bavuganye, kandi akaba ari na we wa mbere wahamagaye umugore wa Koloneli. Yemezaga ko Mugisha yahamagaye Muka-Kanyamibwa mu rwego rwo kuyobya uburari.
Nyuma y’ijambo ry’umushinjacyaha, umwunganizi wa Mugisha na we yahawe umwanya. Maze, aho kugira ikindi avuga, aba abwiye urukiko ko yashakaga guhamagara umutangabuhamya w’ingenzi. Mugisha agiye kubona, abona umugore we, Kayitesi, arahagurutse, na za mpapuro ze mu ntoki, maze agana imbere ahagenewe gutangirwa ubuhamya.
Nuko aratangira ati: “Nitwa Kayitsi, nkaba naravutse mu muryango w’abana barindwi, abakobwa batatu n’abahungu bane. Ni njye jyenyine ukiriho. Ababyeyi n’abavandimwe banjye bane bazize Itsembabwoko Ryakorewe Abatutsi. Basaza banjye babiri bakuru bari baragiye kwifatanya n’ingabo-nkundagihugu zari zariyemeje kubohora u Rwanda rwari rwarigaruriwe n’abanyagitugu. Mu gihe cy’Itsembabwoko ryakorewe Abatutsi, nahuye n’akaga katagira uko kavugwa. Nasambanyijwe ku ngufu n’abicanyi. Banyishe urubozo. Barankubitaga ndetse bakanantuka. Umunsi ingabo-nkundagihugu zatsindaga urugamba, zikabohora igihugu, numvise nsa nk’uvuye mu rupfu ngasubira mu buzima. Natekerezaga ko ibihe by’akaga birangiye. Nari nizeye ko wenda basaza banjye barokotse intambara; ko ntazaba ndi njyenyine muri uru Rwanda —”
Umucamanza aca mu ijambo Kayitesi, aramubwira ati: “Madamu, akaga wahuye na ko turakumva. Ariko ntitubona aho inkuru yawe ihuriye n’urubanza rw’umugabo wawe.”
Kayitesi arasubiza ati: “Hari aho bihuriye. Ndabinginze, muntege amatwi. Ndabivuga muri make.”
Umucamanza ati: “Ngaho komeza.”
Nuko Kayitesi ati: “Umusirikare wese twahuraga, namubazaga niba yari azi basaza banjye, Muhizi na Mihigo. Benshi bambwiraga ko bari babazi kandi ko bari bakiriho, nubwo batari bazi aho bari baherereye. Nuko, umunsi umwe, nza guhura na Koloneri Kanyamibwa. Bamwitaga Afande Kanyamibwa. Ubanza icyo gihe yari umukapiteni. Namubwiye ibya basaza banjye ntari nzi aho baherereye. Ambwira ko abazi. Icyo yarushije abandi basirikare, twajyaga duhura, ni uko we yananshushanyirije uko basaga, nkumva ni bo rwose. Yanambwiye n’ibindi byinshi yari abaziho. Yibukaga ko musaza wanjye witwaga Muhizi yari afite inkovu ku gutwi kw’ibumoso. Akanibuka ko na musaza wanjye Mihigo yarwaraga indwara y’amaso yitwa myopia. Bagomba kuba barabaga muri bataliyo cyangwa paratuni imwe; sinzi aho bitandukanira. Yambwiye ko basaza banjye bari bakiriho ndetse ko bari ku mupaka wa Kagitumba, uhuza u Rwanda n’Ubugande. Iyo nkuru yaranejeje cyane. Uretse no kumbwira amakuru ya basaza banjye, afande Kanyamibwa yankoreye n’ibindi byiza. Kubera ko inzu yacu abicanyi bari barayishenye, afande Kanyamibwa yanshakiye indi nzu yo kubamo, ndetse akajya anzanira ibyo nari nkeneye byose ngo mbeho. Namufataga nka malayika-murinzi nohererejwe na Nyagasani. Umunsi umwe, ambwira ko yifuzaga ko twajyana i Kagitumba kureba basaza banjye. Nahise nemera. Nari narategereje uwo munsi igihe kirekire. Mu modoka, tugana i Kagitumba, nagiye nibuka ibihe byiza nari naragiranye na basaza banjye, mu bwana bwacu. Ntekereje uko nza kubabwira inkuru y’uko Interahamwe zishe ababyeyi n’abavandimwe bacu, ndaturika ndarira. Numvaga ntaza gushobora kubabwira uko abishi b’umuryango wacu bansambanyije kinyamaswa.”
Umucamanza arongera ati: “Madamu wari wadusezeranyije guhina inkuru yawe.” Maze abaza Kayitesi ati: “Basaza bawe se warababonye? Ariko ugire vuba utubwire icyo uzi ku rupfu rwa Koloneli Kanyamibwa.”
Kayitesi ati: “Oya. Basaza banjye ntabo nabonye. Kugeza uyu munsi, sinzi urwo bapfuye n’aho baguye. Tugeze i Kagitumba, afande Kanyamibwa yanjyanye muri hoteli, maze angurira ibyo kurya no kunywa. Yambwiye ko yari afite akazi yagombaga kurangiza, mbere yo kunjyana kureba basaza banjye. Nuko, ansiga muri icyo cyumba cya hoteli. Naramwizeraga cyane ku buryo numvaga ibyo ari byo byose ahita agaruka nyuma yo gukora ako kazi kihutirwaga. Naramutegereje biratinda kugeza ubwo umunsi uciye ikibu. Nubwo nta saha nari mfite, nkeka ko yagarutse nyuma ya saa tatu z’ijoro. Akinjira mu cyumba, ntacyo yambwiye kijyanye no kujya kureba basaza banjye. Ahubwo yahise yiyambura imyenda. Mbibonye, mpita mbaduka ku buriri, ndahaguruka. Afande Kanyamibwa aransunika, ngo nsubire ku gitanda. Nubwo yamwenyuraga, ijisho yandebaga ryanyahuranyaga mu mutima, rikantitiza igituza. Yambwiye ko nta kibazo nari nkwiye kugira, ngo kuko yari imfura itakora ikibi. Ariko, yongereho ko yifuzaga gusa ko twahuza urugwiro. Nahise ntera ijwi hejuru, ndamwinginga ngo andeke nigendere. Yanshyize ikiganza ku munwa, ambwira ko atashakaga ko abari muri iyo hoteli batwumva. Narongeye ntera ijwi hejuru. Ambwira ko nintaceceka, ankubita urushyi. Ubwo yafunguye ipantalo yari yambaye, maze akuramo n’urugingo rwe, ankorera ibya mfura mbi. Sinzi uko byahise bingendekera, maze aho kubona afande Kanyamibwa, nongera kubona amasura y’abishe umuryango wanjye, barangiza bakansambanya ku ngufu. Banciraga mu maso. Barantukaga. Nataye ubwenge, ku buryo ntari nzi aho nari ndi, n’ibyarimo kumbaho. Nibuka ko nyuma y’aho, nabonye umuntu ampereza ibinini n’amazi, ngo nywe. Afande Kanyamibwa yaje kuzambwira ko ari we wampaye ibyo binini, byo kunsinziriza. Bucyeye bw’aho, nasubiye i Kigali, ntabonye basaza banjye. Afande Kanyamibwa yakomeje kujya aza aho nabaga, mu nzu yari yaranshakiye. Yansabye imbabazi z’ibyo yari yarankoreye, ndetse ansaba ko nakwemera tugashyingiranwa, nkamubera umugore. Naramuhakaniye. Namubonaga nk’inyamaswa, ndetse umugome. Naje gufata icyemezo cyo kuva i Kigali nkajya i Butare kubana na nyirasenge wa mama. Nubwo yari incike kandi ashaje cyane, mu rugo rwe nahaboneye amahoro, ariko y’igihe gito. Yapfuye mu mwaka w’i 1998. Nagarutse i Kigali, mfite umwana w’umukobwa w’imyaka ine. Nubwo umwana wanjye yavutse muri Kamena 1995, nabeshya abantu bari banzi ko yavutse muri Gashyantare, kandi ko ari inda natewe n’interahamwe zambohoje mu gihe cy’itsembabwoko ryakorewe Abatutsi. Ndasaba imbabazi umugabo wanjye ko namubeshye. Ndasaba imbabazi umukobwa wanjye ko ntamubwiye ukuri nyako kuri se umubyara. Nari nzi ko ntaho nzongera guhurira na afande Kanyamibwa. Umunsi umugabo wanjye yambwiraga ko yari azanye mu rugo rwacu umushyitsi w’imena, maze najya kubona, nkabona azanye na Koloneli Kanyamibwa, ni bwo ibibazo byanjye byose byazutse, maze…”
Kayitesi yahise acurika umutwe, amara akanya acecetse. Abari bari mu rukiko, hafi ya bose, bariranaga na we. Mugisha yari ashobewe n’ibyo umugore we yari amaze kuvuga. Yaribazaga ati, Ni ukuvuga rero ko umugore wanjye atafashwe ku ngufu gusa n’interahamwe zishe umuryango we, ahubwo yongeye gukorerwa ibibi n’umwe mu ntwari zaturokoye?
Umwunganizi wa Mugisha yegereye Kayitesi, aramubwira ati; “Impore. Ihangane.”.
Kayitesi yongera kubura umutwe, maze n’ijwi riranguruye ati: “Koloneli Kanyamibwa amaze kumenya ko namubyariye umwana w’umukobwa, yambwiye ko umugore bashakanye atagize amahirwe yo kubyara. Nuko, ambwira ko, kuko yari ashaje, atifuzaga kuzapfa atabwiye umukobwa wanjye ko ari we se wamubyaye. Yampamagaraga ijoro n’amanywa, antota ngo muhuze n’umwana we. Mu kumwikiza, nageze aho mukangisha ko nzamenyesha ubuyobozi ko ambuza amahoro. Ntiyavuye ku izima. Umunsi umwe, musaba ko twazahurira ahatari iwanjye, maze tukaganira kuri icyo kibazo. Nibwo yansabye ko twahurira kuri iriya hoteli, hafi y’ikizenga cy’amazi.
Umucamanza aramubaza ati: “Wagiyeyo ufite iyihe gahunda ubwo? Wari ugiye kumwica?”
Kayitesi arasubiza ati: “Oya. Ntabwo nari ngiye kumwica. Ngeze kuri hoteli, ntabwo namubonye hafi y’ikizenga cy’amazi. Ahubwo umukozi wa hoteli yahise aza, maze ambwira ko yifuza kunjyana aho Koloneli Kanyamibwa yari aherereye. Mbonye tugana ahabaga ibyumba byo kuraramo, ngira ubwoba. Icyakora ndikomeza kuko numvaga niyemeje guhangana na we, nkamwiyama bwa nyuma. Ninjiye muri icyo cyumba, nasanze Koloneli Kanyamibwa yicaye ku ntebe yari yegereye akameza ko kunyweraho ikawa. Ntabwo nashakaga kumwicara iruhande. Nahise mubwira nti: ‘Nje kugusaba ngo uhe amahoro umwana wanjye—’ Ahita anca mu ijambo, ati: ‘Umwana wacu. Ugomba kuzirikana ko na njye ari uwanjye.’ Ndamubwira nti, ‘Oya, ntabwo ari umwana wawe. Ese wahuriye he n’umugabo wanjye? Umushakaho iki?’ Amaze kunsubiza ko Mugisha yari inshuti ye, yarahagurutse, aranyegera, arambwira ati: ‘Ntabwo wahindutse. Nkunda ukuntu wihagararaho.’ Rwose, nta kibi nari nagennye kugirira afande Kanyamibwa. Ariko, uko yanyegeraga, niko nabonaga isura ye igenda ihinduka, isa nk’iy’abankoreye ibibi mu gihe cy’itsembabwoko. Numvaga mbuze aho muhungira. Amaze kunyegera, yambwiye ko yicujije ibyo yari yarankoreye. Ambwira ko koko yari azi basaza banjye, Muhizi na Mihigo, kandi ko yibukaga neza uko bapfuye. Icyakora ntiyambwiye uko byabagendekeye ngo kuko byari kunshengura umutima. Nuko, yongera kunyinginga ati: ‘Ndakwinginze, mpa amahirwe yo kubera umwana wacu umubyeyi. Mpa amahirwe yo kugira unyita Papa mbere y’uko nsaza, nkava kuri iyi si.’ Yakomeje gutera intambwe anyegera. Arankurura ngo muryame mu gituza. Nibwo bwa mbere nari mbonye amarira y’umugabo. Yarampobereye, arankomeza cyane. Nananiwe kumwikuraho. Murya inzara. Aho kundekura, ahubwo akomeza kurira cyane, ari na ko ankomeza cyane ku gituza cye. Nafashe icyemezo cyo kumuruma, nkamubabaza, kugira ngo andekure. Yahise ankubita urushyi, maze arandekura. Mpita nihuta, ngana ku rugi. Ankurikira agira ngo ansigire, ari ko anansaba imbabazi z’urushyi yari ankubise. Ubwo ni bwo… Ni bwo nateruye… Rwose ntabwo nashakaga… Nateruye intebe yari hafi y’umuryango… umuryango… Ndayimukubita. Maze, mfungura urugi, mpita nsohoka, niruka. Ntabwo rwose nari mfite gahunda yo kumwica.”
Nyuma y’uko umugore we yemereye urukiko ko ari we wishe Koloneli Kanyamibwa, Mugisha yahise atera hejuru ati: “Umugore wanjye ararengana. Ni we ahubwo wahemukiwe na Afande Kanyamibwa. Ni we wa—”
Umucamanza aramusubiza ati: “Itonde. Uvuga gusa iyo uhawe umwanya. Umugore wawe yemereye urukiko ko ari we wakoze icyaha cyo kwica Koloneli Kanyamibwa.”
Mugisha yatekerega ku byo umugore we yari avugiye mu rukiko byose, maze akibaza ati, ‘Kuki atari yarabimbwiye mbere?’
Ariko nubwo Mugisha yakomeje gusakuza, avuga ko umugore we yarenganaga, ntibyabujije umucamanza kwemeza guha Kayitesi igihano cy’imyaka icumi y’igifungo ku cyaha cy’ubwicanyi butagenderewe.
***
Inkuru ya Kayitesi na Koloneli Kanyamibwa yasakaye hose; mu bitangamakuru byo mu gihugu ndetse n’ibyo mu mahanga. Abagore bo mu Rwanda, ndetse n’abo mu bindi bihugu bakoze ingendo zo gusaba mu mahoro ko Kayitesi yafungurwa. Bari bambaye imipira yanditseho ngo ‘Na njye ndi Kayitesi.’ Abagore batandukanye, na bo batinyutse kuvuga uko bahohotewe n’abagabo batandukanye. Bamwe muri bo bavuze uko bafashwe ku ngufu n’interahamwe. Abandi bavuze uko bafashwe ku ngufu n’abasirikare. Hari abavuze ko bakorewe ibya mfura mbi n’abayobozi mu nzego nkuru. Abandi nabo bavuga ko basambanyijwe n’abakoresha babo cyangwa ababayoboraga mu kazi. Yewe, hari n’abavuze ko bahohotewe n’abo mu miryango yabo, abo bakundanaga cyangwa abo bashakanye. Mu magambo make, abagore bose bari barigeze gukoreshwa imibonana mpuzabitsina ku ngufu bagiye ku ruhande rwa Kayitesi, bamusabira ubutabera.
***
Amakuru yaje kugera kuri Nyakubahwa, umukuru w’igihugu cy’u Rwanda. Maze kuwa 29 Mutarama 2016, umukuru w’igihugu aha imbabazi Kayitesi, ararekurwa.
Mugisha n’umugore we basubukuye ibiganiro bajyaga bagirana n’abajyanama mu byerekeye ihungabana ndetse n’urushako, dore ko noneho bari biyemeje gusuka byose, ntacyo bahishanya. Bari biyemeje gukora ibyashobokaga byose ngo urugo rwabo ruhirwe kandi rukomere. Mbere ya Noheli muri 2016, bari baragize umugisha wo kwibaruka umuhungu wabo wa mbere.
Kayitesi n’umukobwa we na bo batangiye inzira y’ubwiyunge. Umwana yari arakariye nyina ko yamuhishe ukuri kuri se. Yabwiye Kayitesi ko yahoranaga ipfunwe ry’uko yabyawe n’interahamwe zishe bene wabo. Abwira nyina ko yababajwe n’uko yamenye ko se yari umwe mu bantu bari bubashywe mu gihugu, ari uko yamaze gupfa, kandi yishwe na nyina.
Ngayo ng’uko!


c: text/html

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KUBA IMPUMURO NZIZA
IGICE CYO GUSOMA: LUKA 11: 37-54
Ndabasuhuje bene Data bakundwa. Ndashima Imana yongeye kunkoresha mu kubagezeho ijambo ryayo. Ubutumwa bw’uyu munsi nabwise: “KUBA IMPUMURO NZIZA.” Turibanda ku murongo wa 52 w’igice twavuze haruguru ugira uti: “Muzabona ishyano abigishamategeko, kuko mwatwaye urufunguzo rw'ubwenge ubwanyu ntimwinjira, n'abashakaga kwinjira mwarababujije!” (Luka 11: 52)
Nta muntu udakururwa n’impumuro nziza. Iyo umuntu yiteye umubavu (parfum) uhumura neza, buri muntu wese amukurikiza amazuru kugirango yumve iyo mpumuro. Ikinyuranyo cy’impumuro ni umunuko. Hari umuntu ugira icyuya kibi ku buryo akigukubita ukumva uguwe nabi. Akenshi umuntu ugira impumuro mbi ntabyimenyaho, keretse hari undi muntu ubimubwiye. Umukristo iyo ava akagera agomba kugira impumuro nziza mu buryo busanzwe no mu buryo bw’umwuka. Nta mukristo ukwiye gutambuka ngo abantu bapfuke amazuru. No mu buryo bw’umwuka ni uko. Iyo wakiriye Yesu nk’Umwami n’Umukiza wawe, uba uwo kwifuzwa, uwo kuruhukiraho. Abantu bagombye kwifuza kwicara iruhande rwawe ngo bumve ibiganiro byawe, inyigisho zawe, inama zawe, ibihumuriza byawe; muri make impumuro nziza yawe mu buryo bw’Umwuka! Umukristo ahamagarirwa “gukwiza hose Impumuro nziza ya Kristo ku Mana hagati y’abakira n’abarimbuka.” (2Abakor 2:14) Guhumura neza k’umukristo ni “ukwera imbuto zikwiriye abihannye.” (Abagal 5:19-22) Uwitwa umukristo udahumura neza atera ibibazo-abantu baramuhunga, bityo bagahunga na Yesu yitirirwa. Mwene uwo mukristo ntashobora gukurura abandi ngo abageze kuri Kristo. Ibanga ryo kuzana abandi kuri Yesu ni ukubahumurira neza.
Abigishamategeko bari bafite ikibazo cyo kutagira impumuro nziza. Nubwo bari bazi amategeko inyuguti ku yindi; kuva ku itegeko rya mbere kugeza ku rya nyuma, ntacyo byabafashaga mu guhinduka ubwabo cyangwa mu guhindurira abandi kuri Kristo. Icyari kibashishikaje ni uguhindurira abantu ku idini yabo. Nyamara ikibabaje ngo nuko n’ababaga bahindukiriye idini yabo bigiraga ku ngeso mbi z’abo basanze bigatuma babaruta inkubwe ebyiri kuba abana b'i Gehinomu. (Mat 23:15) Ibi birababaje cyane kuko ubundi Abigishamategeko nibo bari bafite inshingano yo gusobanura Ibyanditswe, kubyigisha ba Rabi bakiri bato no kubishyira mu bikorwa mu buzima bwa buri munsi. Abantu bisungaga Abigishamategeko kugira ngo bamenye ukuri ku Ijambo ry’Imana cyangwa amategeko, nyamara aho kugira ngo babwirwe uko kuri bahatirwaga gusa gukurikiza imihango y’idini. Aho kugira ngo Abigishamategeko batunganye inshingano zabo neza, bashyiraga imbere cyane ibintu by’umubiri kurusha iby’Umwuka, kandi bo ubwabo ntibabagaho bakurikije Ibyanditswe Byera. Abo bahanga mu by’amategeko bari bafite inshingano yo kuyasobanurira abantu bananiwe kubikora, bityo bima abantu amahirwe yo kuyasobanukirwa. Uko kutuzuza inshingano yabo nk’uko bikwiye, nibyo Yesu yise “gutwara urufunguzo rw'ubwenge.”
Ibyo Yesu yabigereranyije no gufunga urusengero warangiza ugahisha urufunguzo, bityo ukabuza abantu kurwinjiramo. Abo bahanga mu bya Tewolojiya ntibanze kwinjira gusa, ahubwo babujije n’abandi bashakaga kwinjira-ni ukuvuga abifuzaga gukurikira Yesu no kumva inyigisho ze. Yesu yabagaye agira ati: “Muzabona ishyano, abigishamategeko, kuko mwatwaye urufunguzo rw’ubwenge: ubwanyu ntimwinjira, n’abashakaga kwinjira mwarababujije.” (Luka 11:52) Abigishamategeko bari bafite uburyarya bukaze; ibyo bigishaga abantu, bo ubwabo ntibabikurikizaga. Ibyo Yesu yabifashe nko kwikoreza abantu imitwaro idaterurwa, nyamara bo ubwabo ntibayikozeho n’urutoki. Imitwaro Yesu yavugaga ni imigenzo itanditse-Abo Bigishamategeko barayikomezaga cyane ku buryo ibera umutwaro rubanda.
Mu kwikoreza abantu imitwaro iremereye, Abigishamategeko babaye intaza mu nzira y’umurimo w’Imana. Bari barugariye ubwami bwo mu ijuru ngo abantu batabwinjiramo; batwaye urufunguzo rw’ubwenge barutwarishije inyigisho zabo zishyira imbere imihango y’idini. Ibyo byatumye benshi mu bantu banga kwemera ko Yesu ari Mesiya, banyagwa gutyo “Ubwami bw’Imana.” (Mat 4:23; 21:43; 23:13; Luka 11:52) Ndimo ntegura ubu butumwa nagize ubwoba kuko nasanze ibyinshi Yesu ashinja Abigishamategeko bigaragara cyane muri iki gihe kandi byatumye ubukristo bukayuka; buba ubw’imihango gusa. Abayobozi b’amadini bamwe bibanda ku gukomeza imihango y’idini aho kubwiriza ukuri kw’Ijambo ry’Imana. Iyobokamana rigarukira ku mihango n’imiziririzo by’idini ntiryite k’urukundo rw’abantu bose niwo muzi w’idini ikayutse. Niba ubukristu bwacu burangwa no kubahiriza imihango y’idini n’amasengesho y’urudaca gusa, turi Abigishamategeko mu gihe cyacu, kandi uyu munsi Yesu aratubwira ko tugushije ishyano! Mbese mu itorero ryacu duha abantu ibyo baba badutegerejeho?
Muby’ukuri, abantu binjira mu itorero bizeye kuhasanga ibyishimo, umunezero, inshuti, kubona ibyiza baburiye ahandi. Byaba ikibazo abo bantu bageze mu rusengero bakabona ibyo basanze ari bibi kurusha ibyo babagamo hanze. Dukwiye guhuza ubuzima tubamo n’ukuri kw’Ijambo ry’Imana, tukirinda kubaho nk’Abigishamategeko. Tugomba kuba icyitegererezo cy’imirimo myiza. Mu mwanya uwo ari wo wose twerekana icyo turi cyo: imyambaro, indoro, imivugire byacu… byerekana abo turibo. Iyo turi kure, abatubona bareba imyambaro yacu, twabegera, bakareba umucyo wo mu maso hacu, twicarana bakumva amagambo yacu. Birakwiriye rero ko buri wese aba umurinzi w’icyitegererezo cye muri ibyo byose, kugira ngo tutagayisha umurimo w’Imana.
Mu guhitamo ibyo twambara tugomba kwita ku miterere y’ikirere, umuco w’igihugu turimo, uko ubuzima bwacu buhagaze, imyaka n’icyo umuntu akora. Birakwiriye kandi ko buri mwenda uba ugukwiriye kugira ngo utakubuza ubwisanzure. Ku bijyanye no gucya mu maso, ntibitworohera igihe cyose, ariko ni ingenzi cyane k’umukirisito. Muri ubu buzima bwacu, twese duca mu bihe bibi bishobora kumara ibyumweru, amezi ndetse n’imyaka, bishobora gukamuramo umuntu kumwenyura, bikaduca intege, bikatubuza kugira urugwiro. None se iyo yaba impamvu yatuma tugira umwaga, tukabwira abandi amagambo akomeretsa cyangwa tukagaragaza imyifatire yigizayo abandi? Ntitukibagirwe ko gucya mu maso ari nk’indwara yandura. Dukwiye kugerageza kwikomeza no kwiyumanganya, nubwo twaba duhuye n’ibitugora. (Abakol 1:11) Kubw’amagambo tuvuga, Ijambo ry’Imana rigira riti: “Habaho uwihutira kuvuga amagambo yicana nk’inkota, Ariko ururimi rw’umunyabwenge rurakiza.” (Imigani 12:18). Niba uri umukristo, hunga imvugo yose izana amacakubiri, vugana ubwitonzi, ntugahutaze, ntugakomeretse, ntugasakuze, irinde kunegurana n’ibinyoma; zibukira icyatuma mu kanwa kawe havamo amagambo ababaza bagenzi bawe; genzura amagambo yawe.
Duhinduke muri byose; imigendere yacu, imivugire yacu, imyambarire yacu n’ibindi. Tugomba kugira ikidutandukanya n’ab’isi. Nituvuga ko turi abakristo ariko ntitugire imibereho ya gikristo, bizadindiza ivugabutumwa ryacu. Niba dutanga urupfu aho gutanga ubuzima; tugatanga umunuko aho gutanga impumuro nziza, nta gushidikanya abantu bazaduhunga. Dusabe Imana idufashe kuba ingero z’ibyiza twifuza mu bandi. Niba twifuza ukuri, tukuvuge naho tutakumvwa; niba twifuza urukundo, dukunde naho tutakundwa; niba twifuza ijambo ry’Imana ry’ukuri, turivuge naho baturwanya; etc. Mwene Data muri Kristo Yesu, ugiriwe ubuntu butangaje bwo kumva iri jambo. Kubw’ibyo ntubure kwiga ubushake bw’Imana kuri iki cyigisho. Tekereza uko abantu bitwara iyo muhuye. Mbese barahunga birinda ko ubabona, cyangwa bakwirukankaho bashaka kugusuhuza? Ese utuma abakuri hafi babihirwa n’ubuzima-kubera ko uhora ubagora, wivovota, ujya impaka; uganya; etc? Abandi bagutekereza nk’umuntu bifuza ko yababa hafi? Uyu munsi uracyafite amahirwe yo guhindurwa n’imiburo y’uwiteka. Niba hari uburyo wajyaga uba intaza imbere ya bagenzi bawe kubwo kutabaha impumuro nziza, emera ubyihane none. Imana igushoboze.
Ndangije ngushimira ko wafashe umwanya wo gusoma ubu butumwa. Nubishobora ubusangize abandi kuko nabo bakeneye Ijambo ry’Imana. Amahoro Imana itanga aruta ayo umuntu wese yakwibwira ajye arinda imitima yanyu n’ubwenge bwanyu, kugira ngo mukomeze kumenya no gukunda Imana n’Umwana wayo Yesu Kristo Umwami wacu. Kandi umugisha w’Imana ishobora byose, Data wa twese, Umwana, kandi Umwuka Wera ube muri mwe, kandi ugumane namwe iminsi yose. Amina!
Tariki ya 25/09/2022
Arch. SEHORANA Joseph
C/o EAR/Diocese Shyogwe
E-Mail: joseph@sehorana.com
Last edited: 24/09/2022
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Umutwe wa kabiri:Inshingano z’abana
Igihekane tw/Tw
1. Erekana amashusho arimo ijwi tw.
2. Erekana igihekane tw/Tw.
3. Soma imigemo ikurikira.
4.Soma amagambo akurikira.
5. Soma interuro zikurikira.
a) Twahirwa araboha utwibo.
b) Twizere arasukura amatwi.
c) Gitwaza aramesa utwenda twe.
6. Soma agakuru gakurikira maze usubize ibibazo.
Twizere mu ishuri
Igihe kimwe Twizere yibagiwe kwitwaza ibikoresho byose.
Bituma adakora umukoro umwarimu Sebatware yabahaye.
Sebatware agira Twizere inama yo kutazongera kwibagirwa ibikoresho.
Twizere yiyemeza kwirinda uburangare.
a) Ni nde wibagiwe kwitwaza ibikoresho?
b) Ni nde wagiriye Twizere inama?
c) Twizere yiyemeje iki?
7. Soma kandi wandike mu mukono wigana igihekane gikurikira.
8. Soma kandi wandike mu mukono wigana amagambo akurikira.
9. Soma kandi wandike mu mukono wigana interuro ikurikira.
10. Tondeka aya magambo ukore interuro, unazandike mu mukono.
a) twiza –Twagira- utwibo – afite.
b) kwitwararika- atwigisha- Twahirwa.
c) uraremereye - wa - Umutwaro - Twizere.
1. Erekana amashusho arimo ijwi bw.
2. Erekana igihekane bw/Bw.
3. Soma imigemo ikurikira.
4.Soma amagambo akurikira.
5. Soma interuro zikurikira.
a) Bwiza agira ubwira.
b) Ubwato bwuzuye ubwatsi.
c) Bwanakweri aratoranya ubunyobwa.
6. Soma agakuru gakurikira maze usubize ibibazo.
Umwari agira ubwira
Umwarimu Murebwayire yahaye abanyeshuri be umwitozo.
Basabwaga gushushanya ubwato.
Umwari ashushanya vuba ubwato bwiza butwaye abantu.
Umwarimu ashimira Umwari ubwira yagaragaje.
Ubwato bwe buba ubwa mbere ahabwa ibihembo.
a) Ni uwuhe mwitozo umwarimu Murebwayire yatanze ?
b) Umwari yashushanyije iki?
c) Kuki umwari yahawe ibihembo?
7. Soma kandi wandike mu mukono wigana igihekane gikurikira.
8. Soma kandi wandike mu mukono wigana amagambo akurikira.
9. Soma kandi wandike mu mukono wigana interuro ikurikira.
10. Tondeka aya magambo ukore interuro, unazandike mu mukono.
a) ubwira-umukobwa-ni- Bwiza-ugira.
b) amatungo- ubwatsi- araha-Bwenge.
c) azi - Uyu - ubwenge - mukobwa.
1. Erekana amashusho arimo amajwi tw/bw.
2.Soma amagambo akurikira.
3. Soma interuro zikurikira.
a) Twagira arahira ubwatsi.
b) Bwiza yikoreye umutwaro.
4. Soma kandi wandike mu mukono wigana amagambo n’interuro bikurikira.
5.Huza ibice by’amagambo bikurikira ukore ijambo, uryandike mu mukono.
6.Toranya imigemo iri ku murongo utambitse ukore ijambo unaryandike mu mukono.
Urugero: umutwe
7. Soma agakuru gakurikira maze usubize ibibazo.
Yaretse ubunebwe
Mu Bwiza higaga umwana witwa Twagira.
Yari umunebwe, akitwara nabi mu masomo.
Umwarimu wabo Twizeye yabahaga umukoro ntawukore.
Akicara yubitse umutwe afashe amatwi.
Umwarimu agahora amubwira kureka ubunebwe.
Ubu Twagira ntakiri umunebwe asigaye agira umwete.
a) Ni nde waretse ubunebwe?
b) Ni nde wahoraga abwira Twagira kureka ubunebwe?
c) Ni iki kigaragaza ko Twagira atakiri umunebwe?
1. Erekana amashusho arimo ijwi cy.
2. Erekana igihekane cy/Cy.
3. Soma imigemo ikurikira.
4.Soma amagambo akurikira.
5. Soma interuro zikurikira.
a) Cyusa arasuka icyayi.
b) Cyuzuzo arasukura icyumba.
c) Mucyo yabaye icyamamare.
6. Soma agakuru gakurikira maze usubize ibibazo.
Icyumba cya Cyuzuzo
Cyuzuzo ntiyagiraga isuku mu cyumba ke.
Mucyo agahora amucyocyora ariko anamucyaha.
Cyuzuzo akamubaza icyakorwa ngo icyumba ke gike.
Amubwira kwitwara neza atajugunya ibikoresho mu cyumba.
Cyuzuzo yakurikije inama, none icyumba ke kirakeye.
a) Ni nde utaragiraga isuku mu cyumba ke?
b) Ni nde wahoraga acyocyora Cyuzuzo ?
c) Ni iyihe nama Mucyo yagiriye Cyuzuzo?
7. Soma kandi wandike mu mukono wigana igihekane gikurikira.
8. Soma kandi wandike mu mukono wigna amagambo akurikira.
9. Soma kandi wandike mu mukono wigana interuro ikurikira.
10. Tondeka aya magambo ukore interuro, unazandike mu mukono.
a) icyondo-Icyobo–kirimo.
b) gifite-Cyusa-isuku-cya-Icyumba.
c) amafi - Iki - bacyororeramo - cyuzi.
1. Erekana amashusho arimo ijwi ry.
2. Erekana igihekane ry/Ry.
3. Soma imigemo ikurikira.
4.Soma amagambo akurikira.
5. Soma interuro zikurikira.
a) Ryumugabe arwaye iryinyo.
b) Ararya ibiryo birimo intoryi.
c) Karinamaryo yaryamiriye.
6. Soma agakuru gakurikira maze usubize ibibazo.
Umuryango wa Buryohe
Ivubi Buryohe ryita ku muryango waryo.
Ryatoje abana baryo kugirira isuku aho baba.
Ryabatoje kugira umwete wo kwita ku bikoresho.
Ryabatoje kandi kurira ibiryo ku bikoresho bisukuye.
Iyo barangije kurya, basukura ibikoresho baririyeho.
a) Ni iki ivubi ryatoje abana baryo?
b) Ibikoresho abana ba Buryohe bariraho bimeze bite?
c) Ni iki umuryango wa Buryohe ukora urangije kurya?
7. Soma kandi wandike mu mukono wigana igihekane gikurikira.
8. Soma kandi wandike mu mukono wigana amagambo akurikira.
9. Soma kandi wandike mu mukono wigana interuro ikurikira.
10. Tondeka aya magambo ukore interuro, unazandike mu mukono.
a) Ryabega-utuye-i-wange-Umuryango.
b) arakaraga-umurya-Maryomeza.
c) kuryama - Murye - muge - vuba.
1. Erekana amashusho arimo amajwi cy/ry.
2.Soma amagambo akurikira.
3. Soma interuro zikurikira.
a) Ibiryo bitetse mu cyungo biraryoha.
b) Icyumba cya Ryamukuru kirimo umucyo.
4.Soma kandi wandike mu mukono wigana amagambo n’interuro bikurikira.
5. Huza ibice by’amagambo bikurikira ukore ijambo, unaryandike mu mukono.
6. Toranya imigemo iri ku murongo utambitse ukore ijambo unaryandike mu mukono.
Urugero: uburyarya
7. Soma agakuru gakurikira maze usubize ibibazo.
Uturimo twa Cyusa
Cyusa ntiyaryamiraga, yabyukaga mu gitondo cya kare.
Yakoraga isuku aho baririye akahasiga hakeye.
Bukeye arwara iryinyo riramurya araryamira.
Abyutse asanga mushiki we Ryabera amukorera uturimo.
Na we afata agatambaro ahanagura ameza.
a) Cyusa yabyukaga ryari?
b) Ni nde warwaye iryinyo?
c) Ni nde wakoreye Cyusa uturimo twa mu gitondo?
1.Soma amagambo akurikira.
2. Soma interuro zikurikira.
a) Mutwarasibo atwaye ubwato.
b) Iki cyuzi kibamo amafi aryoha.
3. Soma kandi wandike mu mukono wigana amagambo akurikira.
4. Soma kandi wandike mu mukono wigana interuro zikurikira.
5.Toranya imigemo iri ku murongo utambitse ukore ijambo, unaryandike mu mukono.
Urugero: iburyo
6. Tondeka aya magambo ukore interuro unazandike mu mukono.
a) imitwaro - bwuzuye - Ubwato.
b) icyumba - Karyabwite - ke - arasukura.
7. Soma agakuru gakurikira maze usubize ibibazo.
Yatsinze isuzuma
Igitondo kimwe Mutwarasibo yazindutse asukura mu rugo.
Arangije, afata igikapu atwaramo ibikoresho bye.
Ageze ku ishuri ahabwa isuzuma ryo gusoma.
Mutwarasibo arikorana umwete yubahiriza amabwiriza.
Abona amanota meza cyane, ishuri ryose ararirusha.
a) Ni nde wazindutse asukura mu rugo?
b) Mutwarasibo ageze ku ishuri yahawe iki?
c) Kuki Mutwarasibo yabonye amanota meza?


text:
Bakristu bavandimwe, mbere y’igitambo cya Misa habanje imihango ibiri : guha umugisha ingoro ya Yozefu Mutagatifu no guha umugisha Kiliziya.
Guha umugisha ingoro n’ishusho ya Yozefu Mutagatifu ni ukugaragaza icyubahiro gikomeye dufitiye Yozefu Mutagatifu umugabo udahinyuka wa Bikira Mariya akaba n’umurinzi wa Yezu na Bikira Mariya. Mutagatifu Yozefu yatowe n’Imana ngo yinjize Yezu mu gisekuruza cya Dawudi kuko yari uwo mu muryango wa Dawudi. Yozefu yafashije Imana kuzuza ibyo yari yaravuze itumye Umuhanuzi Izayi ngo “Umumero uzashibuka ku gishyitsi cya Yese” (Iz.11,1). Yese yari se wa Dawudi. Yozefu yari umuntu w’intungane kandi wumviraga Imana. Igihe yashakaga gusezerera rwihishwa Bikira Mariya kuko yari abonye atwite aho kumushyira ku Karubanda ngo bamutere amabuye nk’uko byagendaga, Imana yaramubonekeye iramubwira iti : “Yozefu mwana wa Dawudi, witinya kuzana umugeni wawe Mariya kuko yasamye ku bubasha bwa Roho Mutagatifu. Azabyara umwana uzamwite Yezu, kuko ari we uzakiza umuryango we ibyaha byawo” (Mt.1,20-21). Guha umugisha ingoro ya Yozefu Mutagatifu ni ukubararikira, bakristu, kujya mwiyambaza Yozefu Mutagatifu Umurinzi wa Yezu na Mariya, kugira ngo ubwo areba uruhanga rw’Imana, imbonankubone, abasabire muharanire kuba intungane nka we no kumvira Imana muri byose. Iriya ngoro ya Yozefu Mutagatifu n’iya Bikira Mariya mujye muzirinda abazangiza kuko ari ibimenyetso by’ukwemera kwacu. Guhagarara imbere yazo ukavuga isengesho ntabwo ari ugusenga amashusho, ni uguha icyubahiro uwo iryo shusho rishushanya uri mu ijuru, tumusaba ngo atuvuganire kuri Yezu Kristu Umwami wacu.
Bavandimwe, iriya Kiliziya yaguwe ikaba izajya ijyamo abakristu benshi baruta abari basanzwe bayumviramo Misa nayo yahawe umugisha. Guha umugisha Kiliziya ni ukwerekana ko Kiliziya atari inzu isanzwe abantu bakoreramo ibyo bashatse byose, ni ugusaba Yezu ngo aze ayituremo abane natwe maze tujye tuhamusanga twumve Ijambo rye, adutagatifurishe amasakaramentu tuyiherwamo cyane cyane Isakaramentu ry’Ukaristiya. Kiliziya ni ikimenyetso kitwibutsa ko twese ababatijwe tugize umuryango w’Imana, tumeze nk’umubiri Kristu abereye umutwe, buri mukristu akaba rumwe mu ngingo zigize uwo mubiri. Uko rero ingingo zose ari magirirane, ni ko n’abakristu bose bagomba kuba magirirane. Muri iriya Kiliziya yaguwe kandi igahinduka nziza, mujye muyivanamo imbaraga zo gukomera k’Uwo musangamo no kumubera abahamya batajarajara.
Bakristu bavandimwe, nyuma y’iyo mihango yombi twatangiye gutura iki gitambo cya Misa, reka rero tuzirikane ku masomo tumaze kumva.
Mu isomo rya mbere, twumvise ukuntu Umuhanuzi Amosi avuga uburyo yatowe
. Yabitewe n’uko Amasiya Umuherezabitambo w’i Beteli yari amaze kumuteranya n’Umwami Yerobowamu avuga ko Amosi agambanira Umwami. Arangije arahindukira yirukana Amosi i Beteli. Amosi ntabwo yagize ubwoba ngo ahunge Umwami Yerobowamu n’Umuhanuzi we Amasiya, yerekanye uburyo yatowe avuga ati : “Sinari umuhanuzi, sinari n’umwe mu itorero ry’abahanuzi; nari umworozi ngakonora n’ibiti byera imbuto. Nyamara Uhoraho yankuye inyuma y’amatungo, nuko arambwira ati : ‘Genda uhanurire umuryango wanjye Israheli’ ”. (Am.7,14-15).
Icyo rero twakwigira kuri Amosi ni ukudatinya kugaragaza abo turi bo. Hari abakristu bagaragara ku cyumweru, ariko bagera aho bagomba kugaragaza ko ari abakristu bagatinya. Hari umuntu wigeze kuvuga ngo “niba uri umukristu ba we koko, niba utari we wibeshya ko uri we”. Yezu ati : “Mujye muvuga ngo ‘yego’ niba ari yego, cyangwa ‘oya’ niba ari oya; ibigeretseho bindi biba biturutse kuri Sekibi” (Mt.5,37). Uyu munsi dusabe ubwo butwari bwo kugaragaza hose ko turi abakristu bitari ku izina gusa. Tubisabire abagiye guhabwa ubudiyakoni n’ugiye guhabwa ubupadiri, ntibazatinye kwerekana abo bari bo. Bajye berekana ko ari abahanuzi batumwe na Yezu Kristu guhanurira umuryango we. Ntacyo bagomba gutinya kuko ubatoye azahora ari kumwe na bo (reba Yer.1,8).
Bakristu bavandimwe, Ivanjiri ya none iratwereka Yezu yohereza ba Cumi na babiri mu butumwa. Akimara kubatora yabanje kugumana na bo kugira ngo babane na we bamumenye, bamwumve, babone ibyo akora (Mk.3, 13-14)
Modified sex therapy may serve as an adjunct to the otherpossess broad knowledge about human sexuality. In the buy tadalafil.
. Ntibashoboraga kujya mu butumwa batabanje kumumenya
. Burya ntushobora gutumikira uwo utazi, uwo mutavuganye, ngo utumikiye uwo badaherukana aramubeshyera. Umukristu ntashobora gutinyuka kuvuga izina rya Yezu mu bandi niba adaherukana na we mu isengesho, niba adaheruka kumushengerera. Ni ko binameze no ku mupadiri no k’uwiyeguriyimana.
Bakristu bavandimwe, Yezu yohereza ba Cumi na babiri mu butumwa, yabohereje babiri babiri. Mu mategeko ya Musa, ubuhamya bw’abagabo babiri ni bwo bwemerwaga, iyo babaga bagiye gucira umuntu urubanza. Igitabo cy’Ivugururamategeko kiragira kiti : “Ubuhamya bw’abagabo babiri cyangwa batatu azabe ari bwo bashingiraho kugira ngo bashobore gutangiza urubanza” (Ivug.19,15). Igitabo cy’Umubwiriza kirabishimangira muri aya magambo : “Kubana muri babiri biruta kwibana wenyine, kuko umurimo wabo ugira icyo ugeraho; kandi iyo umwe aguye, undi aramubyutsa. Hagowe rero nyakamwe utagira uwo bari kumwe, ngo nagwa amuramire” (Mubw.4,9-10). Yezu yohereje ba Cumi na babiri babiri babiri, agira ngo abigishe gukorera ubutumwa hamwe no gutanga ubuhamya hamwe kugira ngo bwemerwe.
Uyu munsi Yezu aratwigisha ko umukristu atari nyamwigendaho nk’ubugi bw’intorezo. Umukristu afatanya n’abandi mu butumwa. Umukristu arushaho gukomera iyo yumva ko hamwe n’abandi bagize umuryango umwe. Umupadiri na we agomba gufatanya n’abandi ubutumwa; mbere na mbere agomba gufatanya n’Umwepiskopi kandi aba yaravuze ko abishaka igihe Umwepiskopi yamubazaga ati : “Urashaka kuzajya ukora ubudahwema umurimo w’ubusaserdoti bwo mu rwego rwa kabiri, ugahora ukereye kuba umwungiriza udahinyuka w’urwego rw’Abepiskopi mu kuragira neza ubushyo bwa Nyagasani, uyobowe na Roho Mutagatifu?” Umupadiri afatanya neza n’Umwepiskopi iyo akorana neza n’abo babana umunsi k’uwundi.
Bavandimwe, Yezu yohereza ba Cumi na babiri mu butumwa ntabwo yababwiye ibyo bagomba kwigisha, ahubwo yababwiye uko bagombwa kwitwara: kutagira icyo bajyana mu rugendo, kereka inkoni yonyine; nta mugati, nta ruhago, nta biceri mu mukandara keretse kwambara inkweto z’urugendo, nta makanzu abiri
. Uburyo bagomba kubaho ni yo nyigisho ya mbere. Bagomba kubaho gikene. Bagomba kubaho nka We utaragiraga aho yegeka umutwe. Ntibagomba guharanira ubukungu bw’iyi si. Ubukungu bw’ukuri barabufite : ni We. Nibaharanira ubukungu bw’iyi si bazakeza abatware babiri (reba Mt.6,24). Imyitwarire yabo itizirika ku bintu ni yo izakomeza ukwemera kw’abazabakira.
Iyi myitwarire ni yo igomba kuranga abadiyakoni n’abapadiri. Ubukungu bw’umudiyakoni cyangwa bw’umupadiri buri muri Nyagasani; muri We niho agomba gushyira amizero ye, ntabwo agomba kuyashyira mu bintu. Igihe cyose agomba kwirinda kuba umucakara wabyo. Iyo umupadiri yiruka inyuma y’ibintu ashaka inyungu ze bwite ntabwo aba acyumvira Yezu, ni byo asigara yumvira byonyine. Agera aho arenguka bikamurengukana nyamara aba yaraburiwe bihagije. Wowe ugiye guhabwa Ubupadiri namwe mugiye guhabwa Ubudiyakoni, muramenye ntimuzabe abacakara b’ibintu. Nimushimishwa na Yezu wabatoye ntacyo muzabura.
Bikira Mariya, Mwamikazi w’Intumwa, tugutuye aba bagiye guhabwa ubudiyakoni n’ugiye guhabwa ubupadiri ngo ubabe hafi nk’uko wabaye hafi ya Yezu, kugira ngo bazahore bakurikiza ibyo Yezu yabwiye ba Cumi na babiri igihe abohereza mu butumwa.
+ Yohani Damaseni BIMENYIMANA
Umushumba wa Diyosezi ya Cyangugu


text:
Dutemberane muri Parike ya Nyungwe
*Mu kwezi gushize RDB yatangijeubukangurambaga bwa Tembera u Rwanda bugamije gukangurira Abanyarwanda gusura ibyiza nyaburanga by’igihugu cyabo
*Mu gutangiza ubu bukangurambaga twatemeranye umuhora w’umurage n’amateka
*Ubu, turabatembereza Parike ya Nyungwe irimo inyoni, inyamanswa n’ibiti nk’Umushibishibi wabayeho mu gihe cya za Dinosaur.
Parike ya Nyungwe ni imwe muri Parike zifite ishyamba rimaze imyaka myinshi cyane muri Afurika no ku isi muri rusange, ibarizwamo ubwoko bw’inkende 13, ubwoko bw’inyoni 300, ubwoko bw’ibikururanda 38, n’ubwoko bw’ibiti 1,068, ikabamo isoko y’uruzi rwa Nile n’urwa Congo.
Ubwiza bw’iyi Parike ariko ntibugaragarira kuri ibyo biremwa, imigezi n’ibiti gusa, kuko harimo harimo n’ibindi byiza byinshi ushobora gusura, mu mafu utabona ahandi hose mu Rwanda.
Parike ya Nyungwe iri ku buso bwa Kilometerokare zigera ku gihumbi (1,000 km2), igakora ku turere dutanu tunyuranye. Iyo uyisuye, hari ahantu ushobora kwinjirira kuri site yitwa ku ‘Uwinka’ cyangwa ‘Gisakura’.
Winjiye muri Parike ushobora gutemberamo “Natural walk”, dore ko habarizwamo inzira zinyuranye nk’izitwa “Igishigishigi, Karamba, Muzimu, Ngabwe, Kamiranzovu, Bigugu, Isumo” n’izindi. Muri izi nzira hari izo ushobora kugenda amasaha umunani cyangwa no hejuru yayo bitewe n’uko ugenda.
Muri izi nzira ugenda ubonamo amoko y’inyamanswa anyuranye, isumo ntoya, ibiti binyuranye, ubwoko bw’inkende butandukanye, inyoni n’izindi nyamanswa, ibice nyaburanga by’amateka, n’ibindi.
Muri iyi Parike harimo ibiti nk’ikitwa ‘Igishigishigi’ bivugwa ko cyabayeho mbere y’uko abatuye isi batangira kubara, bivugwa ko cyabayeho mu bihe by’ibiremwa bya Dinozoro (dinosaur), gusa ngo nta bushakashatsi burakorwa ngo bube bwagaragaza niba zaba zarabaye no muri Nyungwe. Harimo kandi ibiti nk’Umugote, Umugozi, Umukipfu, Umwungo, Umushwati n’ibindi bifite amateka mu Rwanda, no mubuvuzi.
Umwe mu bayobora abagenzi muri iyi Parike witwa ‘Pascal’ yatubwiye ko amasaha meza ngo yo gusura iyi Parike ni amasaha ya mugitondo, nubwo no ku mugoroba inyamanswa n’inyoni ziboneka ariko gacye.
Mu gihe wasuye iyi Parike kandi ushobora no guhitamo kuzamuka umusozi wa Bigugu ufite Metero zigera ku 2 950, ni uburyo bwo gukora Siporo benshi batabona.
Igikorwa ngo ubu gikurura abakerarugendo benshi basura Nyungwe, ni urutindo rwo mu kirere rugendwaho ‘Canopy Walkway’ rufite umurambararo wa metero 163 z’urugendo, n’uburebure uvuye hasi bwa metero zigera kuri 80.
Muri iyi Parike kandi ushobora gusura ubwoko bw’inkende bunyuranye nk’Impundu zifite DNA ya 98.4% ku bantu, inkomo, Ibishabaga, Inyenzi, Ibyondi, Ibitera, n’izindi; Ukagenda kuri ‘Canopy walkway’, cyangwa ugasura Isumo ku mafaranga ibihumbi bitanu gusa (5 000 Frw). Mu gihe ngo gutembera munzira zinyuranye byo bitwara amafaranga ibihumbi bitatu gusa ku Banyarwanda.
Ubuyobozi bw’iyi Parike ya Nyungwe buvuga ko imibare y’abasura Parike ya Nyungwe igenda yiyongera, by’umwihariko muri uyu mwaka ngo Abanyarwanda basuye iyi Parike biyongereyeho 30%.
Muri rusange mu mwaka ushize, iyi Parike ngo yakoriye abantu 9 000 biganjemo abanyamahanga nk’uko bisanzwe muri Parike z’u Rwanda, uyu mwaka wa 2016 bakaba bafite intego y’abakerarugendo 12 000 kandi ngo birashoboka kuko ubu bageze mu barenga ibihumbi 11. Ku kwezi, ngo iyi Parike ishobora kwinjiza ibihumbi nka 400 by’amadolari ya Amerika.
Nko mu kwezi kwa Nyakanga kwonyine, ngo bakiriye abakerarugendo bagera ku 2 000, bikaba aribwo bwa mbere iyi Parike yakiriye abantu bangana gutya mu kwezi kumwe.
Tujyane kuyisura mu mafoto:
Reba andi mafoto menshi HANO agaragaza ubwiza bwa Parike y’igihugu ya Nyungwe.
Photos © Innocent ISHIMWE/UM– USEKE
Venuste KAMANZI
UM– USEKE.RW


text:
Tariki ya 8 Kanama 2014 Alpha Rwirangira yakoreye igitaramo muri Serena Hotel cyitabirwa n’abantu bake cyane dore ko aho cyabereye hasaga n’ahambaye ubusa.
Iki gitaramo Alpha yise Umugoroba w’Abanyacyubahiro yari afatanyije n’abahanzi barimo TBB, Jody Phibi, Peace Jolis, M1, Jules Sentore na Hope uheruka kwegukana irushanwa rya Tusker Project Fame ya 5.
Nubwo yabonye abantu bake bari baje kwifatanya na we muri iki gitaramo, Alpha yaririmbye mu buryo bwa live nk’uko yari yabiteguye ndetse akaba ataciwe intege n’ubuke bw’abaje. Abitabiriye iki gitaramo babarirwa hagati y’100-150.
Iki gitaramo cyari kiyobowe na MC Kate Gustave cyatangiye mu ma saa moya z’umugoroba kirangira ahagana saa sita z’ijoro. Ni cyo gitaramo uyu muhanzi akoze mu rwego rwo gusezera ku bafana be mbere yo gusubira ku ishuri muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika.
Si igitaramo cya Alpha Rwirangira gusa cyabuze abafana dore ko icya Bye Bye Vacance nacyo cyaraye kibereye Car Wash cyitabiriwe n’abantu batarenze 100 nyamara cyari cyatumiwemo abahanzi benshi bakomeye mu Rwanda barimo Jay Polly, King James, Dream Boyz, Bruce Melody, Paccy, Ssgt Robert n’abandi.
Amafoto: K.John


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Rusizi: Amashyuza arimo gusubizwa mu mwanya wayo
Ubuyobozi bw’Akarere ka Rusizi butangaza ko bwatangiye ibikorwa byo gusubiza amazi y’amashyuza mu mwanya wayo, igikorwa kimaze umwaka gitegerejwe na benshi, kuva tariki ya 21 Kanama 2020 amashyuza yava mu mwanya wayo agatemba ajya mu mugezi wa Rukarara.
Muri Nzeri 2021 ubuyobozi bw’uruganda rwa Cimerwa bwatangarije Kigali Today ko batangiye ibikorwa byo gutunganya ikidendezi, ariko kubera ibumba ririmo imashini yakoragamo irangirika bajya kuyikoresha.
Umuyobozi w’Akarere ka Rusizi, Kayumba Euphrem, yatangarije Kigali Today ko amazi yongeye kugaruka mu kidendezi ariko barimo gukora igerageza ngo barebe ko yagumamo.
Agira ati “Turimo kureba ko yagumamo kuko amazi yishakira inzira, mbere yari yiciriye inzira aragenda, ubwo turareba niba atazongera kugenda”.
Amashyuza yo mu Murenge wa Nyakabuye ni yo azwi nk’amashyuza ya Bugarama ahuje imirenge ya Gitambi na Nyakabuye, ahantu hasanzwe hasurwa cyane n’abashaka kuyakoresha mu kwivuza.
Ubwo amashyuza yagendaga, Kigali Today yavuganye n’impugucye mu kigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Mine, Gaz na Peteroli zitangaza ko ibyabaye ku mashyuza mu Karere ka Rusizi bitatewe n’imitingito ahubwo byatewe n’imiterere y’amashyuza n’amabuye yaho, byakwiyongera ku ntambi zaturitse bigatuma amazi atemba.
Inama zihuza ubuyobozi bw’Akarere ka Rusizi, Ubuyobozi bw’uruganda rwa Cimerwa, ikigo gishinzwe amazi n’ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Mine, Gaz na Peteroli zaratangiye birangira Uruganda rwa Cimerwa rwemera gukora igenzura rikura icyondo cy’ibumba ahari ikidendezi cy’amazi, ndetse hagafungwa inzira y’amashyuza anyuramo.
Amashyuza ashobora kugarurwa abaturage bayaturiye bavuganye bavuga ko yakwitabwaho hubakwa Hoteli kugira ngo ifashe abahasohokera ntibabone serivisi bifuza.
MENYA UMWANDITSI
Umunyamakuru wa Kigali Today/KT Radio
@ sebuharara


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Twari tuzi ko igihe cyose abari hanze badashobora kwirwanaho – Tito Rutaremara
Mu kiganiro cyavugaga ku ruhare rw’abanyaporitiki n’imitwe ya poritiki muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, n’uruhare rw’abanyaporitiki n’imitwe ya poritiki mu kubaka igihugu kizira amacakubiri kinarwanya ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside, Hon.Tito Rutaremara yavuze ko abanyaporitiki bishwe baziraga ibitekerezo byabo.
Byagarutsweho mu kiganiro cyanyuze kuri Tereviziyo y’u Rwanda bitewe n’ibihe bidasanzwe Isi irimo n’u Rwanda kubera icyorezo cya Koronavirusi (COVID-19), aho gahunda yo kujya ku i Rebero itashobotse kubera Gahunda ya Guma mu Rugo, ariko bikaba bidakuraho kwibuka abanyaporitiki bishwe bazira kurwanya ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside.
Ku bijyanye n’abanyaporitiki batari bafite ibitekerezo bimwe na Leta, mu 1994, hariho impungenge ko bashoboraga kwicwa.
Hon. Tito yagize ati: “Impungenge nta bwo byari ukuzitugezaho gusa natwe twarazirebaga nubwo twari turi i Kigali n’abandi bantu tuganira na bo, ariko abo bose ni ko twahuraga na bo, ni ko twari tuzi ibibazo ibyo ari byo. Twari tuzi ko igihe cyose abari hanze badashobora kwirwanaho umunsi uwo ari wo wose bapfa. Ibyo twari tubizi. N’iyo wenda badategura na Jenoside ariko bariya banyaporitiki Leta y’u Rwanda yajyaga kuzabica kuko batari bafite ibitekerezo kimwe na yo. Kuko burya hari ugukora Jenoside no kwica abo mudafite ibiterezo bisa”.
Yongeyeho ati “Bazize ibitekerezo byabo ariko nyine babikora mu gihe cya Jenoside bagira bati aba bantu ni bo batubuza gushyira Jenoside mu bikorwa. Bazize ibitekerezo byabo kuko bakoraga poritiki inyuranye n’iyo kwa Habyarimana, bakanabatinya bati aba bantu nidukomeza bazatubuza kurangiza icyo twifuza.”
Ubusanzwe tariki ya 13 Mata habaho umuhango wo gusoza icyumweru k’icyunamo, hakabaho guhurira ku i Rebero hakibukwa, hakazirikanwa ndetse hakagira n’ibivugwa byaranze abanyaporitiki bazize kurwanya ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside no kurwanya amacakubiri.
Chief editor /MUHABURA. RW


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Gukoresha ibyuma bya tekinike no gutembera neza
Icyuma kibase bivuga ibyuma bifite ubugari bwa 12-300mm, uburebure bwa 4-60mm, igice cyurukiramende nu mpande zoroheje.Ibyuma bisobekeranye birashobora kuba ibyuma birangiye, birashobora kandi gukoreshwa nkubusa bwo gusudira imiyoboro hamwe nicyapa cyoroshye cyo kumpapuro.
Porogaramu nyamukuru:
Nkibikoresho byuzuye, ibyuma bisobekeranye birashobora gukoreshwa mugukora ibyuma bya hop, ibikoresho nibice bya mashini, kandi bigakoreshwa nkibikoresho byubaka ibice byubaka na escalator.
Inzira igenda:
Ihame ryakazi ryimashini irangiza ibyuma ni ukugirango ubanze uhindure icyerekezo cyubugari bwubwoya bwicyuma gikonje hamwe nibice bibiri byinziga zingana.Icyerekezo cy'ubugari gikusanyirizwa hamwe hamwe na tekinike iringaniye irangiza, ku buryo ubugari bwagabanijwe kugira ngo bugere ku bipimo byifuzwa, kandi umubare wo guhunika urashobora guhinduka.Ubugari bwacyo bugororotse hamwe nizunguruka 5 zigororotse.Sisitemu igizwe cyane cyane no kugenzura agasanduku, kurangiza kuzunguruka, kubanziriza urwego, kurangiza igice no kugorora.Ibikorwa byayo birashobora kuvugwa muri make nka: mbere-kuringaniza → kurangiza → kugorora → nyuma yo kuringaniza.Icyuma kibase / A / B ibyuma 12-300mm ubugari, 4-60mm z'ubugari, igice cyurukiramende gifite impande zoroheje.Ibyuma bisobekeranye birashobora kuba ibyuma birangiye, birashobora kandi gukoreshwa nkubusa bwo gusudira imiyoboro hamwe nicyapa cyoroshye cyo kumpapuro.
UKORESHEJWE BIKURIKIRA: Ibyuma bya FLAT nkibikoresho byuzuye birashobora gukoreshwa mugukora ibyuma bya hop, ibikoresho nibikoresho byimashini, inyubako ikoreshwa nkibikoresho, escalator.Ibyuma bisize bigabanijwemo ubwoko bubiri ukurikije imiterere yabyo: icyuma kibase cyimeza hamwe nicyuma kimwe cya kabiri cyimeza.Ibyuma bishyushye bishyushye bikoreshwa cyane mugukora ibinyabiziga, romoruki, ubwikorezi bwa gari ya moshi nizindi mashini yamababi yamababi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-10-2022


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1. Ibikoresho byiza cyane byaguzwe hamwe na cheque nziza.
2. Buri gicuruzwa cyagenzuwe neza mbere yo gupakira.
3. Turi abahanga babigize umwuga imyaka irenga 25.
4. Icyemezo cyiburanisha cyangwa ibyemezo bivanze biremewe.
5. Ibicuruzwa bya OEM biremewe.
6. Gutanga vuba.
7) Ubwoko ubwo aribwo bwose bwa casters hamwe niziga birashobora gutegurwa.
Twakoresheje tekinoroji igezweho, ibikoresho nibikoresho byujuje ubuziranenge kugirango tumenye neza ibicuruzwa byacu, byoroshye kandi biramba.Mubihe bitandukanye, ibicuruzwa byacu byambaye, kugongana, kwangirika kwimiti, kurwanya ubushyuhe buke / hejuru, kutagira inzira, kurinda hasi nibiranga urusaku ruke.
Kwipimisha
Amahugurwa
Nubwo ibisobanuro bimwe bikozwe mubiciriritse biciriritse bikozwe mubikoresho bitandukanye, ubushobozi bwabo bwo gutwara buratandukanye.Mu gukora ibiziga, harimo ibyuma, reberi, plastike, na fenolike ya chimique.Kubwibyo, itandukaniro ryibikoresho bivuze ko kwihanganira ibintu bimwe bitandukanye.
Mugihe duhisemo ibisobanuro bya casters yo hagati, nini nini ya diameter yiziga, umutekano kandi uhagaze neza.Kandi imbaraga nini cyane, zirashobora gusimbuka byoroshye inzitizi.Nibyiza cyane gukoresha.Niba dukeneye ibiziga nkibi, kurugero, inganda ziciriritse zinganda zikoreshwa mubikorwa byacu biri imbere, kandi kubwumutekano wacu mukoresha, tugomba guhitamo ibiziga bifite ibiziga binini byihariye.Ntabwo ari byiza kwinangira gukoresha amafaranga no kubikemura gusa.


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Kigali: Abatabona barasaba koroherezwa gukoresha inkoni yera ku mihanda
Bamwe mu bafite ubumuga bwo kutabona bagize Umuryango w’Ubumwe Nyarwanda bw’Abatabona (RUB) barasaba ubuyobozi bw’umujyi wa Kigali n’uturere tuwugize, polisi ishami ryo mu muhanda n’abatwara ibinyabiziga muri rusange kubaha inkoni yera no kuborohereza kuyikoresha mu mihanda.
Ibi babitangarije mu muhango wo gutangiza icyumweru cyahariwe kuzirikana akamaro k’inkoni year (White Cane) kuri uyu wa 7 Ugushyingo 2022 aho insanganyamatsiko y’uyu mwaka igira iti “Inkoni yera icyubahiro n’agaciro ku bantu bafite ubumuga bwo kutabona.”
Gato Marcelline ufite ubumuga bwo kutabona arasaba umuryango nyarwanda korohereza abatabona gukoresha inkoni yera mu kubafasha guhangana n’imbogamizi bahura nazo mu muhanda aho kubavugiriza induru.
Yagize ati “Hari igihe ntambuka mfite inkoni yera abantu bagahurura cyangwa bakamvugiriza induru babona hari ikintu ngiye kugonga imbere yanjye aho kugirango bavuge bati buretse gatoya bakogeza nk’abogeza umupira. Ndabasaba kutworohereza gukoresha inkoni yera mu muhanda aho kugirango badukange kuko byatuviramo gukora impanuka.”
Mugisha Jacques ufite ubumuga bwo kutabona ukoresha inkoni yera nawe arasaba ubuyobozi bw’ umujyi wa Kigali kuborohereza mu byerekeranye n’uburyo ibikorwa remezo byubakwa ngo kuko hamwe na hamwe usanga hari imiyoboro y’amazi (rigore) hadapfundikiye hataborohereza gukoresha inkoni yera bikabaviramo ingaruka zo kuba bagwamo bakavunika.
Yagize ati “Muri uyu mujyi wa Kigali ahantu henshi hari imiyoboro cyangwa imiferege itwara amazi hadapfundikiye bikatugiraho ingaruka zo kuba twayigwamo tukavunika biturutse ku miterere y’umuhanda uko yubatswe itarigeze idutekerezaho ngo za mbogamizi bazigabanye. Niyo mpamvu dusaba rero abashinzwe ibikorwa remezo mu mujyi wa Kigali n’uturere tuwugize ko mu kubaka ibikorwa remezo icyo bakagombye kubanza kugitekerezaho.”
Umuyobozi nshingwabikorwa w’Umuryango w’Ubumwe Nyarwanda bw’Abatabona (RUB), Dr Kanimba Donathile asaba polisi ishami ryo mu muhanda, abatwara ibinyabiziga n’abandi bagenzi bose bagenda ku muhanda kubafasha kumenyekanisha inkoni yera kuko usanga bayigonga abandi bakayikubita umugeri bikabaviramo kuyibura no kutabasha kuyikoresha.
Yagize ati “Turifuza ko abatwara ibinyabiziga n’abandi bagenzi bakoresha umuhanda bamenya inkoni yera ni polisi yadufasha kugirango icyo kibazo kimenyekane niba babonye umushoferi umuntu ufite ubumuga bwo kutabona yamweretse inkoni yera aho kugirango akomeze cyangwa yihute ashaka kumucaho yihuse batanguranwe, umupolisi yamuhagarika kandi ibyo ngibyo bigiye bikorwa abantu bayubaha.”
Inkoni yera iragongwa ikanaterwa imigeri mu muhanda
Mu buhamya bwe Dr Kanimba Donatille akomeza avuga uburyo bagorwa no gukoresha inkoni yera aho ikandagirwa n’abatwara ibinyabiziga abandi bakayitera imigeri bikabaviramo kuyibura no kutongera kuyikoresha.
Yagize ati “Ingero zirahari nyinshi inkoni yera uba uyitwaye uyishyize imbere yawe ugiye kwambuka ugasanga umuntu ayinyujijeho ipine y’imodoka akayipinda cyangwa akayivuna ugasanga utagishoboye kuyikoresha ibyo ngibyo nanjye byambayeho kandi hari abandi benshi bibaho. Hari no Kuba ugenda mu nzira umuntu akaza akayikubita umugeri ikagwa hirya kure ukayibura kandi yakomeje arigendera. Ibyo ni ibibazo biba ku bantu benshi bafite ubumuga bwo kutabona.”
Inkoni yera yemejwe na Loni mu 1964 nk’ikimenyetso cy’abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona. Kuri uyu wa gatatu hakaba hateganyije urugendo hifashishjwe inkoni yera ruzaturuka I Remera rukagera mu mujyi ahazwi nka downtown mu rwego rwo kumenyekanisha akamaro k’inkoni yera hagamijwe impinduka zorohereza abatabona kuyikoresha mu imihanda. Mu Rwanda abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona bagera ku bihumbi 57, muri bo abamaze guhabwa inkoni yera na RUB bagera ku bihumbi bibiri.


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Hari bamwe mu baturage bo mu Karere ka Musanze bavuga ko bemerewe inkoko n’uruganda ”Zamura Feeds” rukora ibiryo by’amatungo, none umwaka ukaba ushize amaso yaraheze mu kirere, nyamara bari baramaze kubaka ibiraro byazo mu masambu yabo.
Ni mu gihe ubuyobozi bw’Akarere ka Musanze buvuga ko kuba abo baturage bataragezwaho izo nkoko zo korora byatewe n’icyorezo cya covid-19.
Muhutu Aimable utuye mu Mudugudu wa Mubuga, Akagari ka Rwebeya, Umurenge wa Cyuve mu Karere ka Musanze, we n’abagenzi be bagera kuri 7, ni abaturage bemerewe inkoko zo korora nu ruganda ”zamura feeds”, bakaba bavuga ko bategereje izo nkoko baraheba, ibintu bavuga ko byabagizeho ingaruka z’ubukene, kuko ibiraro byubatswe mu masambu yabo byo kororeramo izo nkoko bari guhabwa ntamusaruro birimo kubaha, nyamara batanemerewe kubyororeramo n’andi matungo.
Ati “baraje baraduhugura, bamaze kuduhugura uko borora inkoko badusaba ko bakubaka ibiraro mu masambu yacu maze bakazaduha inkoko zo korora, mbese byari nko kubororera kuko bari kuzajya baza kuzisarura, tukabona ifumbire, hari n’uburyo natwe twari kujya twunguka, baduhaye ibyiciro bibiri gusa, bamaze gusarura ikiciro cya gatatu cyahawe bamwe, abandi ntitwazihabwa, hashize umwaka urenga dutegereje twarahebye, nta kintu twemerewe kuzikoreramo kandi zubatse mu masambu yacu”.
Ni mu gihe kuri icyo kibazo cy’abo baturage ubusanzwe bakora imirimo y’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi, Umuyobozi w’Akarere ka Musanze, urwo ruganda rukoreramo, Andrew Rucyahanampuhwe Umuyobozi w’Akarere wungirije ushinzwe ubukungu, n’ubwo avuga ko habayeho guhomba ku ruhande rw’uruganda bitewe n’icyorezo cya covid-19, arizeza abo baturage ko inkoko zo korora bemerewe bazazihabwa, nubwo adatangaza igihe bizabera, kuba nta kindi bemerewe gukoreramo byo ni ukugira ngo hatajyamo indwara maze igihe bazaba bahawe izo nkoko zikaba zakwandura.
Ubusanzwe urwo ruganda rwa ”Zamura Feeds”, rukaba rwaragombaga gufasha abaturage 500 mu kubona inkoko zo korora, mu rwego rwo kubafasha kuzamura iterambere ry’imiryango yabo, nyamara bikaba atariko byagenze, kuko kubera Covid-19 inkoko zo korora zahawe bamwe abandi ntibazibona, ku buryo bamaze igihe kirenga umwaka bategereje izo nkoko amaso yaraheze mu kirere.
Eric Habimana


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Ukuboko kw’Imana kurakomeye izere byose birashoboka
Ukuboko kw’Imana kurakomeye izete byose birashoboka. Barutimayo arakira, agakobwa ka Yayiyo karabyuka, Lazaro na we arakanguka. Ikigisho cyacu cyo kuri uyu munsi turagaruka ku bushobozi bw’ukuboko kw’Imana nicyo bidusaba kugira ngo natwe tubone imbaraga zuko kuboko aricyo kwizera.
Iyo usomye bibiliya cyane cyane mu butumwa bwiza uko bwanditswe na Mariko, Luka na Yohana ubona neza imbaraga z’ukuboko kw’Imana nicyo bidusaba kugira ngo natwe uko kuboko kw’Imana imbaraga zako zitujyereho.
Mu butumwa bwiza uko bwanditswe na Mariko (10:46-52) iyo uhasomye ubona neza imbaraga z’ukuboko kw’Imana ujyendeye ku gitangaza cyabaye ubwo Yesu Kristo yacyizaga impumyi yitwa Barutimayo. Bibiliya umutwe w’amagambo uravuga ngo:” Yesu akiza impumyi yitwa Barutimayo”.
Bibiliya igira iti:” Nuko begera i Yeriko. Akivana i Yeriko n’abigishwa be n’abantu benshi, asanga umwana wa Timoteyo witwaga Barutimayo, umusezi w’impumyi yicaye iruhande rw’inzira. Yumvise ko Yesu w’i Nazareti ariwe uje, aherako arataka cyane ati:” Yesu mwene Dawidi, mbabarira”.
Abantu benshi baramucyaha ngo shore, ariko arushaho gutaka ati:” Mwene Dawidi, mbabarira”. Yesu arahagarara arababwira ati:” Nimumuhamagare”. Bahamagara impumyi barayibwira bati:” Humura, haguruka araguhamagara”. Nayo ita umwenda wayo, irabaduka yegera Yesu. Yesu arayibaza ati:” Urashaka ko nkigira nte?”
Iyo mpumyi iramusubiza iti:” Mwigisha, ndashaka guhumuka”. Yesu arayibwira ati:” Igendere kwizera kwawe kuragucyijije”. Uwo mwanya arahumuka aramukurikira mu nzira. Si muri ubu butumwa bwiza uko bwanditswe na Mariko wabona iby’iyi nkuru yo guhumuka kw’iyi mpumyi wanasoma mu butumwa bwiza uko bwanditswe na Matayo (20:29-34; Luka 18:35-43) nawe ugakomeza kurushaho kwizera hamwe n’ukuboko kw’Imana byose birashoboka.
Bibiliya yera kandi mu butumwa bwiza uko bwanditswe na Luka (8:40-56) ndetse na ( Matayo 9: 18-26; Mariko 5:21-43) igaragaza neza uburyo Yesu Kristo yacyijije umugore wari umaze imyaka icumi imugongo ndetse Yesu anazura agakobwa k’imyaka 12 ka Yayiro Kari kapfuye kubwo kwize ukuboko kw’Imana aho naho kurigaragaza.
Bibiliya yera kandi itugaragariza neza imbaraga z’ukuboko kw’Imana mu butumwa bwiza uko bwanditswe na Yohana (11:1-46) aho tubona uko Yesu Kirisito yazuye Lazaro wari umaze iminsi ine mu gituro apfuye ariko Yesu yahajye Lazaro agakangu.
Nkatwe abemera mana turiho muri iyi myaka twizere Imana n’imitima yacu yose kuko ukuboko kwayo kwarigukomeye, kurakomeye kandi kuzahora gukomeye. Ukwacyijije Barutimayo, kukabyutsa agakobwa ka Yayiyo kukanakangura Lazaro nanubu kuracyakora. Twizere kandi dusengere ubugingo bwacu dusabe iherezo ryiza abiga murusheho kwiga munakorera mukacyiranucyira Imana birashoboka.
Yanditswe na: RUKUNDO Eroge
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text:
General
UMUTWE WA 2: ISHURI, UMUDUGUDU N’AKAGARI
1. INSHINGANO Z’ABANYESHURI
A. Inshingano z’abanyeshuri ku ishuri no mu rugo
i. Ku ishuri
Igikorwa cya 1
Mwitegereze aya mashusho muyaganireho muvuge ibyo muyabonaho
Dusobanukiwe ko:
Inshingano z’abanyeshuri ku ishuri ari ibyo abanyeshuri basabwa gukora. Ibyo ni:
• Kwiga neza bashishikaye kandi babikunze.
• Gukurikiza amategeko y’ishuri:
urugero:
– kwambara umwenda w’ishuri no kugira isuku.
– Kugira ikinyabupfura twubaha abarezi na bagenzi bacu.
– Gufata neza ibidukikije n’ibikoresho by’ishuri.
– Kudakererwa no kudasiba ishuri nta mpamvu.
Twiyemeje ko:
Tuzajya twuzuza neza inshingano zacu ku ishuri.
ii. Mu rugo
Igikorwa cya 2
Itegereze aya mashusho uvuge ibyo uyabonaho.
Dusobanukiwe ko:
Inshingano z’abanyeshuri mu rugo ari ibyo basabwa gukora.
Urugero: Gufasha ababyeyi kukora uturimo two murugo.
Gukora isuku, umukoro n’ibindi.
Twiyemeje ko:
Tuzajya twuzuza neza inshingano zacu mu rugo.
UMUKORO
Muganirire abandi uko mwuzuza inshingano mu rugo.
Imyitozo
1. Sobanura amategeko y’ishuri n’uko uyakurikiza.
2. Tanga ingero z’ibyo ukora ku ishuri.
3. Ni utuhe turimo ushinzwe gukora iwanyu mu rugo?
4. Kwiga neza ni inshingano zawe. Ese ubikora uko bikwiye? Sobanura.
B. Ibyiza byo kuzuza inshingano
i. Ku ishuri
Igikorwa cya 3
Mwitegereze aya mashusho; Muvuge ibyo muyabonaho.
Dusobanukiwe ko:
Iyo umunyeshuri yuzuza inshingano ze neza ku ishuri aratsinda kandi bakamushimira.
Twiyemeje ko:
Tuzajya tuzirikana ibyiza byo kuzuza inshingano.
Umwitozo
Vuga ikintu kiza cyakubayeho wujuje inshingano zawe ku ishuri.
Sobanura uko byagenze.
UMUKORO
Muganirire bagenzi banyu icyo ababyeyi n’abarezi babakorera iyo mwujuje neza inshingano.
ii. Mu rugo
Igikorwa cya 4
Itegereze aya mashusho uvuge ibyo uyabonaho.
Dusobanukiwe ko:
Iyo umunyeshuri yuzuza inshingano ze neza mu rugo ashimisha ababyeyi be n’abo babana.
Twiyemeje ko:
Tuzajya dukorana ishyaka mu kuzuza inshingano zacu mu rugo.
Umwitozo
Haba hari ibyiza wabonye byo kuzuza inshingano mu rugo?
(a) Ni ibihe?
(b) Hari icyo byakumariye?
(c) Guhera ubu se ugiye kujya ubigenza ute ngo uzabone ibyiza byinshi?
UMUKORO
Muganirire abandi ibintu byiza byababayeho mumaze kuzuza inshingano zanyu mu rugo cyangwa ku ishuri.
C. Ingaruka zo kutuzuza inshingano.
i. Ku ishuri
Igikorwa cya 5
Mwitegereze aya mashusho muvuge ibyo muyabonaho.
Dusobanukiwe ko:
Kutuzuza inshingano ku ishuri bigira ingaruka.
Bituma abanyeshuri:
– Batsindwa, bagasibira cyangwa bakabirukana.
– Bahabwa ibihano.
– Bababaza ababyeyi n’abarezi babo.
Twiyemeje ko:
Tuzirinda ingaruka zaterwa no kutuzuza inshingano zacu ku ishuri.
Umwitozo
Wigeze uhanwa kubera kutuzuza inshingano zawe ku ishuri? Vuga uko byagenze.
UMUKORO
Muganire ku ngaruka zo kutuzuza inshingano zikunze kuboneka ku ishuri ryanyu.
ii. Mu rugo
Igikorwa cya 6
Itegereze aya mashusho uvuge ibyo uyabonaho.
Dusobanukiwe ko:
Kutuzuza inshingano mu rugo bituma:
• Ababyeyi bavunika cyane kandi bakababara.
• Umutungo wo mu rugo usesagurwa.
• Haba amahane n’intonganya mu rugo.
Twiyemeje ko:
Tugiye kwirinda ibibi byose byadukururira ingaruka zo kutuzuza inshingano mu rugo.
Umwitozo
Hari ibibi wakoraga mu rugo?
(a) Ni ibihe?
(b)Hari ingaruka byakugizeho?
(c) Guhera ubu se ugiye kujya ubigenza ute?
UMUKORO
Muganirire abandi ingaruka zababayeho kubera kutuzuza inshingano mu rugo.
2. IBENDERA RY’IGIHUGU
A. Amabara agize ibendera ry’igihugu cy’u Rwanda.
Igikorwa cya 7
Muge hanze mwitegereze ibendera ry’u Rwanda muvuge ibirigize.
Ibendera ry’u Rwanda rigizwe n’amabara atatu:
1. Ibara ry’ubururu: ribanza
hejuru ririmo izuba rifite imirasire 24 (ku ruhande rw’iburyo hejuru).
2. Ibara ry’umuhondo: riri hagati.
3. Ibara ry’icyatsi kibisi: riheruka ayandi hasi.
B. Icyo amabara y’ibendera asobanura.
1. Ibara ry’ubururu risobanura amahoro n’umunezero Abanyarwanda bagomba guharanira.
Izuba ryo rishushanya ubumwe, kurwanya ubujiji
no gukorera mu mucyo.
2. Ibara ry’umuhondo risobanura iterambere.
3. Ibara ry’icyatsi kibisi rivuga ikizere cyo kugera ku bukungu.
Inshamake
Ibendera ry’u Rwanda rigaragaza Ubumwe, gukunda umurimo, ubutwari n’ikizere k’ejo hazaza.
Umwitozo
Mushushanye ibendera ry’u Rwanda mutarireba.
3. UMUDUGUDU
A. Ibiranga Umudugudu
Igikorwa cya 8
Itegereze iyi shusho, uvuge ibyo ubonaho.
Dusobanukiwe ko:
Umudugudu ari
ahantu hatuwe n’ingo
zegeranye. Ni rwo
rwego ruto mu nzego
z’ibanze. Ubamo
ibikorwaremezo
nk’amashuri, amavuriro,
amasoko, imihanda n’ ibindi.
Igikorwa cya 9
Muge hanze mwitegereze ibintu byose biranga umudugudu ishuri ryanyu ryubatsemo.
Imyitozo
1. Tanga ingero 4 z’ibintu by’ingenzi biranga Umudugudu ishuri ryubatsemo.
2. Ni ibihe bintu biranga Umudugudu ishuri ryanyu ryubatsemo?
3. Ni ibihe bintu biranga Umudugudu mutuyemo?
UMUKORO
Nimutaha mugende mwitegereza ibiranga Umudugudu wanyu. Nimugaruka ku ishuri mubiganirire abandi.
B. Kwita ku biranga Umudugudu.
Igikorwa cya 10
Mwitegereze aya mashusho muyaganireho muvuge ibyo muyabonaho.
Dusobanukiwe ko:
Ibiranga umudugudu bigomba kwitabwaho cyane cyane mu muganda: Abaturage batema ibihuru,
basibura imiferege, bubaka banasana ibikorwaremezo nk’amavuriro amashuri n’ibindi. Iyo Umudugudu
witaweho, abaturage bagira ubuzima bwiza.
Twiyemeje ko:
Tuzajya twita ku bikorwaremezo biboneka mu mudugudu wacu, ababyangiza bose tuzajya tubagira
inama dufatanije n’abarezi bacu.
Imyitozo
1. Tanga ingero z’imirimo ikorwa mu muganda rusange ukorerwa mu mudugudu mutuyemo.
2. Sobanura impamvu abantu batuye Umudugudu bagomba kwita ku biranga Umudugudu.
3. Vuga uruhare rwawe mu kwita ku biranga Umudugudu mutuyemo.
4. Wakora iki usanze abantu bangiza bimwe mu bikorwaremezo biri mu Mudugudu mutuyemo.
5. Tanga ingero z’ibikorwaremezo biri mu Mudugudu mutuyemo.
6 Uzurisha imbonerahamwe ibi bikurikira:
(a) Guta ibipapuro mu muhanda.
(b) Kumena imyanda mu kimoteri.
(c) Gusukura amashuri.
(d) Gupfumura ibitembo by’amazi.
(e) Gutera ibiti ku muhanda.
UMUKORO
Uzitegereze ibyo ababyeyi bawe bakora ku munsi w’umuganda rusange hanyuma ubisobanurire
abandi.
C. Abayobozi b’Umudugudu.
Igikorwa cya 11
Itegereze ishusho ikurikira uvuge ibyo uyibonaho.
Dusobanukiwe ko:
Abayobozi b’Umudugudu batorwa n’abaturage nyuma yo kwiyamamaza bakavuga imigabo n’imigambi yabo.
Umudugudu uyoborwa na Komite Nyobozi igizwe n’abantu batanu (5) bakurikira:
1. Umukuru w’Umudugudu
2. Ushinzwe imibereho myiza y’abaturage
3. Ushinzwe umutekano, abinjira n’abasohoka.
4. Ushinzwe amakuru no kujijura abaturage.
5. Ushinzwe iterambere.
D. Inshingano z’abayobozi b’Umudugudu.
1. Umuyobozi w’Umudugudu
Igikorwa cya 12
Mwitegereze aya mashusho muvuge ibyo muyabonaho.
Dusobanukiwe ko:
Umuyobozi w’Umudugudu agomba:
• Kuyobora komite nyobozi y’Umudugudu
• Gukurikirana gahunda za Leta mu Mudugudu
• Gutanga raporo ku Kagari
2. Ushinzwe imibereho myiza y’abaturage mu Mudugudu
Igikorwa cya 13
Mwitegereze aya mashusho muyaganireho muvuge ibyo muyabonaho.
3. Inshingano z’ushinzwe umutekano mu Mudugudu.
Igikorwa cya 14
Mwitegereze aya mashusho muvuge ibyo muyabonaho.
Dusobanukiwe ko:
Ushinzwe umutekano mu Mudugudu ashinzwe:
• Ibikorwa by’umutekano mu Mudugudu.
• Gutanga raporo ku mukuru w’Umudugudu.
4. Ushinzwe amakuru mu Mudugudu.
Igikorwa cya 15
Mwitegereze iyi shusho uvuge ibyo uyibonaho.
5. Ushinzwe iterambere mu Mudugudu.
Igikorwa cya 16
Mwitegereze aya mashusho muyaganireho muvuge ibyo muyabonaho.
Dusobanukiwe ko:
Ushinzwe iterambere mu Mudugudu afite inshingano zo:
• Gukangurira abaturage ibikorwa by’amajyambere no kurwanya ubukene.
• Gutanga raporo ku mukuru w’Umudugudu.
Imyitozo
1. Komite nyobozi y’Umudugudu igizwe n’abantu bangahe? Bavuge.
2 . Ni izihe nshingano abagize komite nyobozi y’Umudugudu bahuriyeho bose.
3. Ni bande bashinzwe ibi bikurikira mu Mudugudu?
(a) Kurwanya ubukene mu batuye Umudugudu.
(b) Kugenzura umutekano w’abatuye mudugudu.
UMUKORO
Nimugera mu rugo mubaze ababyeyi banyu amazina y’abagize komite nyobozi y’Umudugudu n’inshingano
zabo.
4. AKAGARI
A. Ibiranga Akagari.
Igikorwa cya 17
Itegereze iyi shusho uvuge ibyo uyibonaho.
Dusobanukiwe ko:
• Akagari ari ahantu hatuwe n’abantu benshi baba mu midugudu itandukanye.
• Akagari kagizwe n’imidugudu myinshi.
• Akagari kandi ari urwego rukurikira Umudugudu mu nzego z’ibanze.
• Akagari kaba karimo ibikorwaremezo nk’amashuri, amavuriro, amasoko, imihanda n’ibindi.
• Akagari kagira ahantu nyaburanga.
Igikorwa cya 18
Mu matsinda muganire ku biranga Akagari.
UMUKORO
Nimutaha mugende mwitegereza ibintu biranga Akagari mutuyemo nimugaruka ku ishuri muzabiganiriho
Imyitozo
1. Tanga ingero 4 z’ibintu by’ingenzi biranga Akagari ishuri ryubatsemo.
2. Ni ibihe bintu biranga Akagari ishuri ryanyu ryubatsemo?
3. Ni ibihe bintu biranga Akagari mutuyemo?
4. Vuga ahantu heza cyane mu kagari kanyu uvuge n’ibyiza biharanga.
B. Kwita ku biranga Akagari kacu.
Igikorwa cya 19
Mu matsinda muganire ku biranga Akagari. Mwitegereze aya mashusho muyaganireho muvuge
ibyo muyabonaho.
Dusobanukiwe ko:
Ibiranga akagari bigomba kwitabwaho cyane cyane
mu muganda:
– Bikorerwa isuku.
– Hasanwa ibishaje n’ibyangiritse.
– Abaturage barwanya isuri.
Twiyemeje ko:
Tuzafatanya n’ababyeyi, abarezi n’abayobozi bacu kurwanya abangiza ibikorwaremezo.
Igikorwa cya 20
Musobanure uko mwakwita ku biranga Akagari ishuri ryubatsemo.
Imyitozo
1. Tanga ingero z’ibikorwaremezo biri mu kagari kanyu.
2. Tanga ingero z’imirimo ikorwa mu muganda rusange ukorerwa mu kagari mutuyemo.
3. Vuga uruhare rwawe mu kwita ku biranga akagari mutuyemo.
4. Wakora iki usanze abantu bangiza ibikorwaremezo biri mu kagari mutuyemo?
UMUKORO
Uzitegereze ibyo ababyeyi bawe bakora ku munsi w’umuganda rusange uze ubiganirire abandi.
C. Abayobozi b’Akagari.
Igikorwa cya 21
Itegereze aya mashusho uvuge ibyo uyabonaho.
Dusobanukiwe ko:
Akagari ari urwego rutangirwaho serivisi z’ibanze.
Abagize inzego z’ubuyobozi bw’Akagari:
– Inama Njyanama
– Umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa.
– ushinzwe imibereho myiza
D. Inshingano z’abayobozi b’Akagari.
Igikorwa cya 22
Mwitegereze aya mashusho muyaganireho muvuge ibyo muyabonaho.
Dusobanukiwe ko:
1. Abagize Inama Njyanama y’Akagari
– Gukurikirana gahunda zose za Leta mu Kagari.
– Kugenzura Ubunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa.
2. Umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa
– Kuyobora Akagari.
– Guhagararira Akagari mu zindi nzego.
– Gushyira mu bikorwa politiki za Leta.
3. Ushinzwe imibereho myiza y’abaturage mu kagari
Gushishikariza abaturage kwitabira ibikorwa bituma bagira imibereho myiza: nko kohereza abana kwiga,
gutanga mituweli, gukingiza abana n’abagore batwite, kugirira isuku aho batuye no kugira imirire myiza.
Imyitozo
1. Ni izihe nshingano inama njyanama ihuriyeho n’umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa?
2. Ni bande bagize inzego z’ubuyobozi bw’Akagari?
3. Ni uruhe rwego rushinzwe:
(a) Kugenzura umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa.
(b) Gushishikariza abaturage kohereza abana kwiga.
(C) Kuyobora Akagari.
UMUKORO
Nimugera mu rugo mubaze ababyeyi banyu niba baba mu nama njyanama y’Akagari kanyu nimusanga barimo mubabaze inshingano zabo
Isuzuma risoza umutwe wa 2
1. Uzuza imbonerahamwe ukoresheje inshingano zawe zikurikira:
– Kwiga neza.
– Gufasha ababyeyi.
– Kubahiriza igihe.
– Gusukura aho urara.
– Kugira ikinyabupfura.
– Gukora umukoro.
– Kubaha abarezi.
– Kubahiriza amategeko y’ishuri.
– Kwambara impuzankano.
2. Subiza “yego” cyangwa “oya”.
a. Kutuzuza inshingano zawe ku ishuri bituma uhanwa.
b. Umunyeshuri wujuje inshingano ze atsinda neza mu ishuri.
c. Gukorana umwete bituma twuzuza inshingano zacu neza.
d. Kuzuza inshingano zawe mu rugo bitera intonganya.
e. Gutsindwa ni ingaruka zo kutuzuza inshingano neza.
3. Huza ibigize ibendera n’igisobanuro cyabyo.
(a) Ubururu (1) Ubukungu
(b) Umuhondo (2) Gukorera mu mucyo
(c) Icyatsi kibisi (3) Amahoro n’umunezero
(d) Imirasire y’izuba (4) Iterambere
4. Ca akaziga ku nshingano z’umuntu ushinzwe imibereho myiza y’abaturage mu Mudugudu.
– Kwiga – Kuyobora Umudugudu
– Iterambere – Ubwisungane
– Isuku – Gahunda za Leta
– Gutara amakuru – Kuringaniza imbyaro
– Kwivuza
– Umutekano
– Guhagararira Umudugudu
– Gukingiza abana
– Kwirinda indwara
5. Uzuza n’ijambo rikwiye.
(a) _______ ni urwego ruto mu nzego z’ibanze.
(b) _______ kagizwe n’Imidugudu myinshi.
(c) Urwego rukurikira Umudugudu ni _______
6. Uzuza imbonerahamwe ushyira inshingano mu mwanya w’abazishinzwe:
– Kuyobora Akagari no kugahagararira mu zindi nzego.
– Kugenzura Umunyabanga nshingwabikorwa.
– Gukurikirana gahunda zose za Leta mu Kagari.
– Gukurikirana imibereho myiza y’abaturage.


text:
INAMA ZIGENEWE UMURYANGO | KURERA ABANA
Abana bakoresha terefone zigezweho—Igice cya 1: Ese umwana wange yagombye gutunga terefone igezweho?
Muri iki gihe abana batunze terefone zigezweho a bagenda biyongera kandi abenshi bazikoresha bagira ngo bagere kuri interinete mu gihe ari bonyine. Ni akahe kaga umwana wawe ashobora guhura na ko bitewe no gukoresha terefone igezweho? Gutunga terefone igezweho byamugirira akahe kamaro? Yagombye kumara igihe kingana iki ayikoresha?
Icyo wagombye kumenya
Akamaro ko kugira terefone igezweho
Zituma ababyeyi bumva batuje kuko baba bashobora kumenya uko abana babo bamerewe. Bethany ufite abana babiri yaravuze ati: “Iyi si yuzuyemo ibintu bibi. Ubwo rero ni iby’ingenzi ko abana bagira terefone kugira ngo bashobore kuvugana n’ababyeyi babo.”
Umubyeyi witwa Catherine yongeyeho ati: “Hari porogaramu ushobora gushyira muri terefone yawe maze ukayihuza n’iy’umwana wawe, bigatuma umenya aho umwana wawe ari. Nanone niba atwaye imodoka ushobora kumenya umuvuduko arimo agenderaho.”
Zifasha abana gukora imikoro yo ku ishuri. Umubyeyi witwa Marie yaravuze ati: “Hari igihe abarimu baha abana imikoro bakoresheje interinete kandi n’abana bakayikoresha mu gihe bavugana n’abarimu babo.”
Akaga ko gutunga terefone zigezweho
Kuyimaraho igihe kinini. Buri munsi abakiri bato bamara amasaha menshi kuri terefone. Icyakora ababyeyi na bo usanga igihe bamara kuri terefone kijya kungana n’icyo bamara baganira n’abana babo. Umuhanga witwa Thomas Kersting yaravuze ati: “Usanga mu ngo nyinshi abantu baba bameze nk’aho bataziranye kubera ko buri wese aba ahugiye kuri terefone.”
Porunogarafiya. Hari ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko ingimbi n’abangavu barenga kimwe cya kabiri, bareba porunogarafiya buri kwezi. Ibyo ntibitangaje kubera ko bashobora kuyireba bakoresheje terefone zabo. Umubyeyi witwa William ufite abana babiri yaravuze ati: “Iyo ababyeyi bahaye abana babo terefone zigezweho, bituma abo bana bashobora kureba porunogarafiya aho baba bari hose, kandi mu by’ukuri atari byo ababyeyi bifuzaga.”
Terefone irabata. Usanga abantu benshi badashyira terefone hasi. Iyo batayifite barahangayika, bakabura icyo bafata n’icyo bareka, mbese bakamera nk’abarwayi. Hari ababyeyi bavuze ko iyo abana babo barimo gukoresha terefone baba bafite amahane. Carmen yaravuze ati: “Hari igihe iyo nshaka kuvugisha umuhungu wange ari kuri terefone, akambya agahanga kuko aba adashaka ko hari ikimurogoya.”
Ibindi bintu biteje akaga. Umuntu ukoresha terefone igezweho aba ashobora guhura n’abantu bannyuzura bakoresheje interinete n’abohereza ubutumwa buvuga iby’ibitsina. Nanone bishobora gutuma arwara indwara zitandukanye ziterwa no guhora yunamye areba kuri terefone hamwe no kubura ibitotsi. Hari abakiri bato bajijisha ababyeyi babo bagashyira muri terefone zabo porogaramu itagize icyo itwaye, urugero nk’akamashini gakoreshwa mu kubara, maze iyo porogaramu igahisha ibyo badashaka ko ababyeyi babo babona.
Umubyeyi witwa Daniel ufite umukobwa w’umwangavu yaravuze ati: “Muri make terefone igezweho ituma umwana abona ibintu byose biba kuri interinete, byaba ibibi cyangwa ibyiza.”
Ibibazo ugomba kwibaza
“Ese umwana wange akeneye terefone igezweho?”
Bibiliya igira iti: “Umunyamakenga yitondera intambwe ze” (Imigani 14:15). Ukurikije uwo murongo, ibaze uti:
“Ese birakwiriye ko mpa umwana wange terefone igezweho kugira ngo murindire umutekano kandi imufashe mu bindi bintu by’ingenzi? Ese nabanje gusuzuma ibyiza byo kumuha terefone igezweho n’akaga bishobora kumuteza? Ese hari ikindi kintu nasimbuza iyo terefone igezweho?”
Hari umubyeyi witwa Todd wavuze ati: “Ushobora kugurira umwana wawe terefone isanzwe kuko mushobora kuyivuganiraho kandi mukandikirana. Nanone irahendutse kuruta terefone igezweho.”
“Ese umwana wange ashobora kuyikoresha neza?”
Bibiliya igira iti: “Umutima w’umunyabwenge uri iburyo bwe” (Umubwiriza 10:2). Ukurikije uwo murongo, ibaze uti:
“Ni iki cyanyemeza ko umwana wange azayikoresha neza? Ese ubusanzwe umwana wange anyisanzuraho akambwira ibimuri ku mutima byose? Ese buri gihe umwana wange ambwiza ukuri, wenda ntampishe inshuti ze? Ese ubusanzwe amara igihe kingana iki areba tereviziyo, akoresha tabureti cyangwa mudasobwa?” Umubyeyi witwa Serena yaravuze ati: “Terefone igezweho ni igikoresho gifite akamaro ariko nanone gishobora guteza akaga gakomeye. Ubwo rero jya ureba neza niba umwana wawe ukiri muto azashobora kuyikoresha neza.”
“Ese niteguye kumufasha?”
Bibiliya igira iti: “Toza umwana inzira akwiriye kunyuramo” (Imigani 22:6). Ukurikije uwo murongo, ibaze uti:
“Ese nsobanukiwe neza uko terefone igezweho ikora ku buryo nabisobanurira umwana wange bikamurinda akaga yamuteza? Ese nzi uko nafunga ibintu bimwe na bimwe byo muri iyo terefone ku buryo umwana wange atabigeraho? Nafasha nte umwana wange gukoresha neza terefone?” Umubyeyi witwa Daniel twigeze kuvuga yaravuze ati: “Ababyeyi benshi baha abana babo terefone zigezweho ariko ntibagenzure uko bazikoresha.”
Icyo wazirikana: Ababyeyi bagomba gutoza abana babo gukoresha neza terefone zigezweho. Hari igitabo cyavuze ko abana bakoresha nabi terefone cyanecyane iyo ari bonyine.
a “Terefone zigezweho” zivugwa muri iyi ngingo, ni izishobora gukoresha interinete.


text:
ubuhamya: amateka yanyuzemo, yamuteye ibikomere ariko Yesu niwe wabimwomoye
CEP UR Huye, igiterane cy’ isana mitima,ubumwe n’ubwiyunge NYABIHU Intego” GUHINDUKA, GUKIRA IBIKOMERE, INKINGI Y’URWANDA TWIFUZA” Abefeso 2:14 UBUHAMYA BWATAZWE NA Jose MUHAWENIMANA Intego y’ubu buhamya ni “ukugirango buri wese abashe kubabarira”.
Navutse muri 1994, jenoside yabaye nkiri umwana muto. Navutse kubabyeyi 2, umwe ari umututsi undi ari umuhutu. Papa niwe wari umututsi, mama ari umuhutu, mugihe cya jenoside, umuryango wacitse mo kabiri, njyewe, njya ku ruhande rwo kwa papa. Mugihe cya jenoside, imiryango yacu yarahiganaga. Nyuma ya Jenoside, papa yinjiye igisilikare cy’inkotanyi, mama arajyeanda abyara abandi bana hanze, ariko papa, agarutse yanga gushaka undi mu gore. Nakuze mbona mu rugo haba ibintu by’amakipe ashingiye ku mateka. Nyuma papa yaje gupfa, nsigarana na mama, n’imiryango y’iwabo kandi tutarahuzaga, bituma mbaho mubuzima, bubi , kugeza naho nahingiye, amafaranga, narasabye, niga nabi, abandi ubwo bagiraga, ababasura ku ishuri ariko njye ntawansuraga. Nize droit de l’homme (amategeko) kubera numvaga ko, nzihorera, ngasubirishamo, imanza, zose nkazihorera ku bampemukiye.
Nyuma kubera amahurwugwa, y’isana mitima nagiye mbona yamfashije gukira ibikomere, binshoboza, kubabarira, no kubohoka. Ubu sinkiga, amategeko kugirango nzihorere,ahubwo nyiga kugirango nzafashe leta y’Urwanda kuzubaka igihugu, na ndi umunyarwanda.
Ubu ayo mateka, twakuriyemo no mu itorero biragara ko ajyenda abonekamo, None nabasabaga buri wese ukigendera muri ibyo bintu bya kera by’amoko, kutababarira, ko ibyiza ari uko yahinduka, akabarira, agahinduka. Kuko ntiwazjya mu ijuru, ugifite ibyo bibazo. Imana itugirire neza
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Nukuri Yesu yaragushoboje kuko Hari benshi bananiwe kubarira. Nukuri lmana ishimwe kuko nawe yagushoboje kubabarira. Iyo nawe usaba I’m baba lmana nawe uba ugomba kubarira uwaguhemukiye cyangwa uwagukoshereje wese. Imana ikomeze ikubake mukubabarira no kugira amahoro muriwowe.🌷🌷🐦🐦🐦


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Ni mu Murenge wa Rukoma, Akagari ka Murehe aho abaturage 21 biyemeje kwibohora bishakira umuriro w’amashanyarazi bamwe batigeze mu myaka isaga 40 bahamaze. Umwe muri bo witwa Mukawiringiye Deborah, ari n’umwe mu bazanye igitekerezo, yemeye kubishingira atanga ingwate muri Banki ngo bibohore ku kutagira Umuriro.
Mukawiringiye Deborah, afite imyaka 65 y’amavuko. Avuga ko kwibohora ari amagambo akubiye mu butumwa bushimangirwa n’ibikorwa biganisha ku iterambere rigamije ineza y’abanyagihugu kandi nabo ubwabo bagizemo uruhare.
Avuga ko Igikorwa cyo kubohora Igihugu cyabaye kikarangira, ariko ko ibikorwa bishimangira kwibohora ari urugendo rurerure rujyana no kugenda abantu bashaka ibisubizo by’ibibazo bitandukanye barwana nabyo mu buzima bwa buri munsi.
Kubona abandi bacana umuriro w’amashanyarazi, yagera aho atuye agasanganirwa n’umwijima, byamuteye ishyari ryo kumva ko afatanije na bagenzi be nabo bashobora kwikururira umuriro mu mbaraga n’ubushobozi bafite, bityo mu kwizihiza Kwibohora ku nshuro ya 27 bikazasanga nabo bacana, baribihoye.
Avuga ko yegeranye na bagenzi be, bahuza igitekerezo, ariko ngo kuko basabwaga asaga Miliyoni y’u Rwanda kugira ngo bahabwe amapoto anyuzwaho insinga kandi mu bushobozi aya mafaranga ntayo bari bafite, yahisemo kubitangira, atanga ingwate y’ubutaka, Banki ibaha amafaranga babona umuriro, basezerana kuzagenda bishyura gahoro gahoro mu gihe cy’imyaka ibiri.
Agira ati“ Twaricaye na bagenzi banjye, tubaza iby’umuriro wageze ku Kagari ariko batubwira ko aho wageze ari aho, ko ahasigaye ari ukwirwariza. Mu kubiganiraho na bagenzi banjye twasanze twakora ishyirahamwe ryo gukurura umuriro bityo tukagera kucyo dukeneye. Twagiye muri REG, batubwira ibisabwa dusanga bisaba ingufu nyinshi, kubera byari kugorana ko buri wese abona amafaranga akenewe ako kanya, twagiye muri Banki mba ari njyewe uba umwishingizi wabo, mbatiza ingwate kugira ngo tubone icyo dukeneye kandi ubu turishimye”.
Karemera Munyemana Jean Damascene, Umwe mu baturage babonye umuriro nyuma y’imyaka isaga 23 amaze aho atuye ntawo, ashima uku kwifatanya bagahuza imbaraga nk’abaturage mu kwishakamo ibisubizo. Avuga ko uku nako ari ukwibohora kuko ngo ari Igisubizo cy’icyari kibaboshye nk’abaturage. Avuga ati“ Mbona hari ibintu byinshi tumaze kwibohoramo; dufite umuriro, dufite amazi kandi mbere kuri Leta yabanje ibi ntabwo hano byahabaga. Ibi nta n’umwaka bidutwaye kubikora dushyize hamwe. Turashima Leta y’Ubumwe”.
Avuga ko kimwe mu byo yazaniwe no “Kwibohora” nk’Igihugu ari uko Leta binyuze mu miyoborere myiza yafashije umuturage gutekereza byagutse, kugira ijambo mu bimukorerwa ari nabyo bituma buri wese ajya mu rugamba rwo kwibohora binyuze mu bikorwa bitanga ibisubizo ku bibazo biba bibangamiye umuturage. Ashimangira ko iyo abaturage n’ubuyobozi bishyize hamwe bakishamo ibisubizo nabyo ari “Ukwibohora”.
Nkurunziza Jean de Dieu, Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w’Umurenge wa Rukoma, ashima igitekerezo n’ubufatanye bw’abaturage mu kwiyegereza umuriro no gushaka ibisubizo by’ibindi bibazo bahura nabyo, akavuga ko hari byinshi nk’ubuyobozi bafatanije n’abaturage bashobora kwikemura izindi mbaraga zikaza ari inyongera.
Gitifu Nkurunziza, avuga kandi ko nk’ubuyobozi bazakomeza kuba hafi no gufatanya n’abaturage mu gushaka umuti w’umuriro bavuga ko ukiri muke, ko bakomeza ubuvugizi kugira ngo n’ibindi bikorwa by’iterambere aba baturage bifuza kugeraho bizagerweho. Ashimangira ko uruhare rw’umuturage mu bimukorerwa ari ingenzi.
Aba baturage, bavuga ko umuriro bafite uyu munsi ari muke cyane, ko batabasha kugira byinshi by’iterambere bawubyaza. Bifuzaga kugura icyuma gisya, bakifuza ko urubyiruko rwabo rukora imishinga itandukanye yo kwiteza imbere babikesheje umuriro biyegereje ariko ngo ntabwo byakunda. Ni naho bahera basaba ko ubuyobozi bwagira icyo bukora.
Munyaneza Theogene / intyoza.com


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Niba wiyemeje kugurisha cyangwa gutanga smartphone y’Android wakoreshaga hari ibintu by’ingenzi ugomba kutibagirwa kungirango bitazakugiraho ingaruka nyuma waramaze kuyitanga.
1. Gukora back up(kubika ibintu byose by’ingenzi wari uyifiteho ahandi hantu)
kubika ibyo wari ufite kuri phone ushaka kugurisha bigufasha kuzabisubiza ku yindi uzagura bityo guhindura phone ntizakugireho ingaruka yo guhindura phone. Ushobora kubibika kuri Google drive ifatanye na Gmail yawe cyangwa ukaba ubishyize kuri SSD card (Memery Card) niba uyifite ariko niba wabonye indi phone igiye gukoresha biroroshye ushobora kwimura ibyo warufite muri phone yambere akabyimurira muri phone nshya ukoresheje Xender app.
2. Gusiba konti zose wari ufite muri iyo phone ushaka gutanga
iyo ukoresha phone yawe iba irimo konti nyinshi zitangukanye zaba whatsapp,facebook,Google, n’izindi nyinshi…
Biba byiza rero iyo ugiye guha undi muntu phone wa usanzwe ukoresha kubanza ugasiba izo konti zose.
3. Guformata (Phone reset factory)
Ni ibyi ngezi cyane kubanza guforumata phone mbere yuko uyigurisha cyangwa uyihera undi muntu kuko iyi niyo ntabwe yanyuma ikwizeza ko amadosiye yawe atazivanga nayo uzayitunga hanyuma. Guformata iyo birangiye phone isubira nkuko wayiguze. Nta kintu nakimwe washyizeho gishobora gusigaraho. ikitonderwa hano: mbere yo guforumata phone banza umenye ko wasibye Google account zose zari zirimo kuko uramutse utabikoze. kongera kuyikoresha biragorana.
5. Guhanagura phone neza no kuyikuraho ibintu byose wari warayometseho
Niba ugiye kugurisha phone warusanzwe ukoresha ugomba kuyisukura neza, ugakuraho ibintu byose wayometseho haba ku kirahure cyangwa inyuma. kuburyo yongera ikarabagirana nk’inshyashya. Ibi tumaze kuvuga byose nubikora uzaba usobanutse.


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U Rwanda rukeneye umuperezida ukunda rubanda nka Kayibanda na Habyarimana.
Iyo umupadiri wa Kiliziya gatolika yifuje cyane kumenya amakuru yo hakurya y’imva arayamenya. Ni umwihariko ujyanye n’ubutore bwabo nk’abashumba, n’ubwo hari n’abandi bantu basanzwe bagira amahirwe yo kugera kuri iyo ntera y’imyemerere. Nanone kugira ngo abigereho nta nkomyi bimusaba gufata igihe cyo guhinduka mu mutima,kwirinda gusa mara, gusiba no gusenga bihagije. Ashobora no kubigeraho mu buryo busa n’ubworoshye cyane iyo yabiherewe impano yihariye cyangwa akabihabwamo ubutumwa mu nyungu z’umuryango wose. Uko byamera kose, inzira zizwi zishobora kumugeza ku makuru yo hakurya y’imva ni eshatu : mu nzozi, mu ibonekerwa cyangwa mu butumwa butunguranye yumviye mu bumuntu bwe bw’imbere (perception intuitive).
Muri iyi minsi nagize amahirwe adasanzwe yo kumenya amakuru y ’ abagabo babiri b’intwari bagize uruhare rukomeye cyane mu guhanga u Rwanda uko turuzi muri iki gihe. Abo ni Kayibanda Gregoire (1961-1973) na Juvénal Habyarimana (1973-1994).
I. Icyo bahurizaho
(1) Baracyakunda u Rwanda ku buryo buhebuje
(2) Aho bari bakurikiranira hafi amakuru yose y’ibibera mu Rwanda
(3) Bazi amazina y’abenegihugu bagerageza guhanga ibisubizo byazanira Abanyarwanda amahoro
(4) Baremeza ko UBUTAKA bw’u Rwanda bukwiye kugangahurwa bukarekera aho gukomeza kunywa amaraso y’abaturage babwo.
(5) Baremeza ko ubutegetsi buriho mu Rwanda ari bubi cyane kuko bwica abaturage bukabarenganya,bukabakura umutima, kukababuza amahwemo mu buryo bunyuranye.
(6) Baradusaba kwirinda kuba imbohe z’amateka ababaje ahubwo tukihatira kubaka igihugu gifitiye umuturage AKAMARO.
II. Hari icyo badahurizaho
Perezida Kayibanda aremeza ko impinduka ikenewe dushobora kuyigeraho, mu nzira y’ubwitonzi, twemera gutera intambwe imwe inyuma y’indi,buhoro buhoro, tutiruka, hatagombye kumeneka andi maraso menshi y’abanyarwanda.
Perezida Habyarimana we aremeza ko ariwe dukwiye kureberaho,tugatinyuka gufata indangururamajwi tukavugira ahirengeye twamagana AKARENGANE , ndetse ntidutinye no kuba twakwegeranya ingabo zitarimo ibisambo n’abicanyi, zigafata inkota, zikarwanira gusubiza mu biganza bya rubanda ubutaka bw’abasokuruza. Aremeza ko ubushobozi bw’amafaranga n’ibikoresho bitakagombye kutubera imbogamizi kuko byaboneka. Yaduhishuriye igihugu cyiteguwe kudufasha.
III. Icyo basaba abaturage n’abashaka kuba Abalideri
Perezida Kayibanda arinubira ko yibagiranye, abanyarwanda bakaba batakimumenya ngo kandi yarabitangiye akemera « KURWAARA » kugira ngo bave mu UBUJA.
Ababajwe cyane n’uko abanyarwanda bakomeje kuvutswa ukwishyira ukizana mu gihugu cyabo.Arifuza cyane ko icyo yaharaniye, kikamenyekana, kikigishwa urubyiruko.
Perezida Habyarimana arifuza ko abaturage bashira amanga bakirwanaho, bakareka gukomeza kugirwa nk’agatebo kayora ivu. Arasaba ko hashyirwaho ingabo zigarura « ORDRE » mu gihugu. Abaturage bakabaho bishimiye kwambara « UMUDARI » uriho ifoto y’umuyobozi wabo bakunda, ndetse bakamanika n’amakaderi y’ifoto ye mu mazu yabo, babigize ku bwende.
IV. Ubutumwa butari ibanga bunyerekeyeho
Njyewe wagize amahirwe yo gushyikirizwa ubutumwa, nasabwe gukorana ibishoboka byose « NGATAHA » ngasubira ku butaka bw’u Rwanda, akaba ariho nkomereza urugamba rwo gufasha Abanyarwanda guharanira uburenganzira bwabo no kuzana impinduka nziza ikenewe.
Nijejwe ukurindwa gutambutse kure imyumvire y’abashakira ibisobanuro mu mubiri gusa.
V. Ubutumwa bwihariye ku miryango.
Perezida Habyarimana yatanze ubutumwa bwihariye bwo gushyikiriza umuryango we.
Perezida Kayibanda we, nta butumwa bwihariye yifuje guha umuryango we.
UMWANZURO
(1)Hakurya y’ imva uburenganzira bwo gutekereza no gutangaza icyo ushatse burakomeza. Niyo mpamvu Ijuru ritwereka icyiza dukwiye gukora ariko nta na rimwe riduhatira kugikora tutabishatse. Ubwo bwigenge bw’abana b’Imana tukaba rero dusabwa kuburengera hano ku isi byaba ngombwa ntituzuyaze kubumenera amaraso yacu.
(2)Abo twumva ibintu kimwe rero ndabasaba kongera kwitegura urugendo : TUGOMBA GUTAHA i Rwanda bidatinze.
(3)Tugomba kwiyemeza gukorana ibintu ubwitonzi,buhoro buhoro, tutiruka ariko kandi byazaba ngombwa ntidutinye no guhamagarira rubanda kurema umutwe w’ingabo hagamijwe kurengera igihugu cy’abasokuruza no kugisubizamo « ORDRE » ibereye inyungu za rubanda.
(4)Ndasaba Abanyarwanda bose muri rusange kugandukira kumenya amavu n’amavuko ya ba Nyakubahwa Grégoire Kayibanda na Juvénal Habyarimana. Abashakashatsi n’abahanga mu kwandika ibitabo nibadufashe kumenya neza ubuzima n’ ibikorwa byiza by’izo ntwari. Birakwiye kandi biratunganye ko bamenyekanishwa hose mu Rwanda no mu mahanga, bagakundwa n’urubyiruko kuko babereye rubanda urugero rwiza rwo gukurikiza muri byinshi. Bidatinze bazashyingurwa mu cyubahiro, batuzwe mu Urwibutso ruzitwa « INGORO Y’UBWIYUNGE »(Temple de la Reconciliation) ruzatera ishema igihugu cyose.
(5)Igihe kirageze ngo amateka y’u Rwanda nyakuri ajye ahagaragara ,asimbure amazimwe , amahomvu n’amatiku byandikwa bikanakwirakwizwa na ba Nzigo kimwe na ba Gashozamvururu bishakira amaramuko yabo yonyine babikesha guca Abanyarwanda mo ibice kugira ngo bashobore kubagumisha mu buja.
(6) Igihe cyanjye cyo kuba Perezida w’u Rwanda uganje mu gihugu nikigera, nzihatira kwigana Kayibanda na Habyarimana mu byiza bakoze babitewe no gukunda abaturage kandi nzaharanira gukosora aho batsikiye biturutse ku bibazo bikomeye cyane bari bahanganye nabyo mu gihe cyabo utaretse n’imyitwarire igoye y’abandi barwaniraga ubutegetsi muri icyo gihe .
Harakabaho Perezida Grégoire Kayibanda
Harakabaho Prezida Juvénal Habyarimana
Harakabaho u Rwanda rutekanye, rurimo ORDRE kandi ruha abana barwo bose amahirwe angana.
Padiri Thomas Nahimana
Tel: +33652110445
Email: nahimanathom@gmail.com