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Abantu benshi batembera umujyi wa musanze,bashobora kwibaza ahantu bashobora gutembera,ibintu bashobora gusura, ibintu byiza bashobora kumenya muri uyu mujyi. Umujyi wo gutemberamo amanywa n’ijoro. Muri uyu mujyi igiciro ku ngendo biroroshye, amafaranga magana atatu (300) kuri moto aho wajya hose. Uvanyemo utundi duce dusurwa cyane aritwo Kinigi, Nyakinama na Burera!
Saa Moya za mugitondo(7am): Ifunguro rya mugitondo mu Kinigi
Umuntu wese ushaka gusura ibirunga bamusaba kuba ari mu Kinigi saa moya za mugitondo, abajya gusura ingagi bakajya ukwabo, abajya gusura ishyamba ukwabo, abajya kuzamuka ibirunga nabo uko. Maze bagasangira ifunguro rya mugitondo igizwe n’ikawa n’icyayi by’u Rwanda.
Saa Mbiri za mugitondo(8am): Gusura Ibirunga
Mu bintu bya mbere umuntu wese yumva yakora mukarera ka Musanze ni ugusura ishyamba ry’ibirunga, ishyamba ririmo ibintu byinshi byo gusura, ahantu wazamuka ibirunga ukabasha kwirebera urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima birimo inyamaswa zitandukanye zirimo n’Ingagi, imbogo, inyoni , amoko y’ibiti menshi. Wabasha kandi kwirebera imirima y’ibirayi, ibigori n’ibireti ikikije ibirunga.
Saa Cyenda z’umugoroba(15pm): Gusura Impurika ryiswe”Karisoke Exhibit
I Musanze ni iwabo w’Ingagi! Niyo mpamvu ukwiriye kujya gusura iy’inzu ibitse amateka menshi ku buzima bw’ingagi ziba mu birunga by’u Rwanda hamwe na RDC na Uganda. Ni impurika ryitwa Karisoke Exhibit ribera mu Kigo cya The Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund International, rigizwe no kugaragaza imibereho y’ingagi, kumenya aho ziba, uko bazirinda, akamaro ko kuzirinda, aho ziboneka n’ibindi byinshi.ubasha no kumenya ubuzima bw’umushakashatsi Dr Diane ,aho ubasha kubona bimwe mu bikoresho bye. Kandi biremewe gutanga Inkunga(Donation). Bakora kuva kuwa Mbere-Kuwa Gatanu( 9Am-4PM).
Saa Kumi z’umugoroba:(16pm): Gusura Kiliziya ya Katedarale ya Ruhengeri
Ni kiliziya yaragijwe Umwamikazi w'i Fatima, yubaswe mu 1954, ni kiliziya imaze imyaka myinshi, ubasha kandi gusura ubutaka basengeraho, imva z’abapadiri bashyinguye aho, ugasura ingoro ya Bikira Mariya umwamikazi wa Fatima, ukujya no muri Chapelle. (telefoni ntabwo zemewe) ni ahantu basengera.
Saa Moya z’ijoro(19pm): Gufata Ifunguro mu Isange Bf Restaurant
Urugendo wakoze uzenguruka ahantu hatandukanye, ukwiriye kureba aho wafata ifunguro, iyi Restaurant itegura amafunguro meza aya kinyarwanda na kinyamurika muri rusange ndetse n'ay'iburayi, kandi asukuye ku buryo wishimira umujyi wa musanze.
Saa Tanu z’Ijoro (23pm): Gusohoka
Ni byiza watembereye mu mujyi wa Musanze, kureba ahantu wasohokera ugasangira n’abantu, ukunguka inshuti, ukamenya uko umujyi wa Musanze uba umeze nijoro.Ushobora no gusohoka ukanywa Fanta, reba uburyo watembera ukamenya ubuzima bwa nijoro bwaho.
Saa Moya(7am): Ifunguro rya mugitondo muri Crema Coffe Shop
Ubyukanye Hangover!! Ihangane watembereye! Ni byiza kujya gufata ifunguro rya mugitondo ukongera ukabona imbaraga zo gutembera uyu mujyi. Birakwiye gutangira umunsi ufite imbaraga.
Saa Mbiri za mugitondo (8am): Kujya gusura Ishyamba rya Buhanga
Ni ishyamba rya kimeza riherereye mu Murenge wa Nkotsi, mu gace bita Nyakinama, ni mu birometero 6 uvuye mu mujyi wa Musanze. Ahantu haberaga imihango bamaze kwimika umwami,ni mwishyamba rigizwe nibiti by’uruhondohondo, hafi yaryo hari amazi atajya akama ariyo abami bakarabiragamo. Wabasha no gusura umugezi wa Mukungwa uri muri ako gace kandi ukajya no kubyina imbyino z’ikinimba muri Red Rocks Rwanda, imbyino ziranga umuco wo mu majyaruguru.Gusura Ubuvumo bwa Musanze buri hafi yaho. Urugendo rwa moto ni 500 gusa uvuye mu mujyi rwagati.
Saa Sita z’Amanywa (12pm): Gusura Inshuti Arts and Culture Center
Ni inzu y’ubugeni iherereye mu mujyi wa Musanze,ku muhanda munini,ni inzu wasangamo ibihangano by’abanyebugeni batandukanye bo mu Rwanda. Ni ibihangano birimo ibishushanyije ndetse n’ibibajije. Ukunda ibintu by'ubugeni aha ni ho wagurira ibyo ushaka. Bakora iminsi yose mu cyumweru 7h30-8pm, bakunda no gutegura ibitaramo ndangamuco kuwa Gatanu.
Saa Munani (14pm): Kujya Gusura Igishanga cya Menge
Ni ahantu hihariye ubasha kureba isoko y’umugezi, ukuntu amazi aturuka mu mubutaka maze akabyara umugezi munini. Ni ahantu ho gukora urugendo wirebera inyoni ziboneka muri icyo gishanga, ukabasha kwicara ukirebera umugezi bavomaho ugizwe na robine 20 ziri ku murongo umwe! Ubasha no kunywa amazi y’urwunyunyu, amazi aryoherereye ukuntu!.
Saa Kumi(16 pm): Gusura uduce tw’umujyi
Gusura umujyi w’ubakishije amakoro! Ni byiza gutembera uduce dutandukanye tw’uyu mujyi mu ma karitsiye(Quartier) ureba imyubakire yawo, abaturage baho uko babaho. Ugasura Amabereshi!Ugasura Yaounde! Ni ibintu byihariye muri uyu mujyi, uzasanga ahantu henshi hubakishije amakoro, Ibipangu , aho abantu banyura(pavé).
Saa Kumi n’imwe(17pm): Kujya Guhaha mu isoko ry’ibiribwa rya Carière
Ikintu cyiza cyo gukora watembereye mu mujyi wa Musanze ni ukujya guhaha muri iri soko, ni isoko ririmo ibintu byinshi nk’imboga z’amoko yose,ibirayi! Yego uri I Musanze ntuzatahe udatahanye ibizakwibutsa ko watembereye aho ibirayi bituruka. Ni ahantu uzabasha kuganira n’abaturage bo mu majaruguru! Ntuzibagirwe kugura Imbada!!
Saa Moya z’ijoro(19pm): Gutaha
Urugendo rwawe ukaba urarusoje,ukongera ugasubira mu rugo. Bye bye Musanze! Nzagaruka pe!

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Ikilatini
Ikilatini (izina mu kilatini Lingua Latīna) ni ururimi rwavugwaga kera zo mu bice by'amajyepfo yo mu Burayi,mu karere ka Latium mu gihugu kigari cya Roma ya kera. Ubu ni mu Butaliyani. Uru rurimi ni rwaje kubyara indimi nyinshi harimo igifaransa, igisipanyola, igitaliyani n'izindi...
Ubu ntirukivugwa uretse ko hari ibitabo byinshi kandi byuzuye ubuhanga byanditswe mu kilatini bikiboneka.
N'ubwo rutagikoreshwa ariko, hari umwihariko kuri Leta ya Vatikani na Kiliziya Gatolika: nirwo rurimi rwa leta rukoreshwa mu nyandiko mpamo. Ibyo byabaye umuco kuva mu bisekuru byo hambere na n'ubu niko bikimeze biturutse ku mateka ya Kiliziya imaze gushinga imizi mu murwa w'abaromani. Igifaransa nicyo rurimi rwa dipolomasi muri leta ya Vatikani n'ubwo hari ababangukirwa n' igitaliyani.
Ntago ikilatini ari ururimi rwera ku bagatolika nk'uko hari bamwe babigoreka. Ndetse nyuma ya Konsili ya Kabiri ya Vatikani, amasengesho, missa byahinduwe mu ndimi abakirisitu gakondo babasha kuvuga. Bityo na hano iwacu mu Rwanda byinshi byahinduwe mu kinyarwanda.
Contents
Amagambo n'interuro mu kilatini[edit | edit source]
- Heus / Ave – Ndakuramukije -Ndakuramutsa
- Salve – Komera - Ramba - Sugira (Ndakuramukije -Ndakuramutsa) ; nayo ikoreshwa mu gusuhuzanya
- Quomodo vales? / Quid agis? – Amakuru?
- Bene valeo – Ni meza (ndaho, meze neza)
- Quid est nomen tibi? – Witwa nde?
- Nomen mihi est ... – Nitwa ...
- Sic – Yego
- ? – Oya
Imibare[edit | edit source]
- ūnus – rimwe
- duo – kabiri
- trēs – gatatu
- quattuor – kane
- quīnque – gatanu
- sex – gatandatu
- septem – karindwi
- octō – umunani
- novem – icyenda
- decem – icumi


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Abaturukiya
Abaturukiya cyangwa Abaturkiya (izina mu giturukiya : Türkler cyangwa Türkiye Türkleri ; Umuturukiya : Türk, Umuturukiyakazi : Türk kadını)ni ubwoko bwa Turukiya no muri Shipure y’Amajyaruguru.
Amoko[edit | edit source]
- Abaturukiya ba Turukiya
- Abaturukiya ba Shipure y’Amajyaruguru
- Abaturukiya ba Bulugariya
- Abaturukiya b’Ubugereki
- Abaturukiya b’Ahiska
Islamu[edit | edit source]
Kuva 1058, Abaturukiya bafata ubuyobozi bw’ahagenzurwa, cyangwa higanje Abayislamu kugeza mu kinyejana cya 20. Bahebuje cyane mu bugome, no kutagira imbabazi kurusha Abarabu.
Igitero cy’abaturukiya, ahagana mu burasirazuba , cyahagaritswe n’Abamongoli , baje bava muri Aziya yo hagati, ku ngoma ya Genghis Khan (1207-1227), uyu kandi yayoboye ingabo nyinshi cyane, yambuka igipande kinini cya Aziya yitwaje itoroshi n’inkota. Imigi 50.000 by’imigi minini n’imito iratwikwa. Miliyoni 5 z’abantu bicwa urw’agashinyaguro, muri abao bapfuye , 630.000 by’abakristo ni abo muri Aziya, y’iburengerazuba mu majyepfo y’inyanja y’umukara (Asie mineure).


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Amategeko Y'umuhanda Ibibazo N'ibis
Amategeko Y'umuhanda Ibibazo N'ibisubizo Pdf Download ->->->-> http://bit.ly/2yW1py1
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woke up, mxster freethem... woke up and... smell the pronouns
rottenbones-s
gerard p donelan
g0thpuppyd0g-deactivated2023071
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text:
Abahamya ba Yehova ni bantu ki?
Nubwo dukomoka mu moko abarirwa mu magana, kandi tukaba tuvuga indimi zitandukanye, twese dusenyera umugozi umwe. Ikiruta byose, tugamije guhesha ikuzo Yehova, Imana ivugwa muri Bibiliya kandi yaremye ibintu byose. Twihatira kwigana Yesu Kristo kandi duterwa ishema no kwitwa Abakristo. Buri wese muri twe amara igihe afasha abandi kumenya Bibiliya n’Ubwami bw’Imana. Twitwa Abahamya ba Yehova, kuko duhamya ibyerekeye Yehova Imana n’Ubwami bwe.
Ogoga urubuga rwacu. Somera Bibiliya kuri interineti. Menya abo turi bo n’imyizerere yacu.


text:
Abahamya ba Yehova, turi baha?
Nituruga emihanda yona kandi nitugamba endimi ezitari kushushana, konka turi bamwe ahabw’okuba twine ekigendererwa kimwe. Ekiri kukira byona, nitwenda kusingiza Yehova, Ruhanga ori kugambwa omuri Bibuli kandi Omuhangi wa byona. Nitutaho amani ngu tutoreze Yesu Kristo kandi nikitushemeza kwetwa Abakristo. Buri omwe omuri itwe, nayegesa abantu Bibuli kandi abamanyisa Obukama bwa Ruhanga. Ahabw’okugira ngu nituhamya ebiri kukwata ahari Yehova Ruhanga n’Obukama bweye, abantu bona nibamanya ku turi Abahamya ba Yehova.
Yemanyize kutaha aha rubuga rwitu. Shoma Bibuli ahari intaneti. Yega byingi ahari itwe kandi omanye ebi turi kwikiriza.


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Ku itariki ya 1 Nyakanga 2012 no ku ya 1 Nyakanga 2013, IRMCT yakiriye inshingano zo kugenzura irangiza ry’ibihano byose b’abakatiwe na TPIR na TPIY.
Abantu bahamijwe ibyaha na TPIR cyangwa TPIY ntibarangiriza ibihano byabo muri Gereza y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye Arusha cyangwa i Lahe, kuko izo gereza zitagenewe uwo murimo. Babirangiriza mu bihugu biri mu Muryango w’Abibumbye byagiranye na wo amasezerano ateganya ko abakatiwe na TPIR, TPIY cyangwa IRMCT bazarangiriza ibihano muri ibyo bihugu.
Iyi karita igaragaza ibihugu byashyize umukono ku masezerano yo kurangirizwamo ibihano kandi byakiriye abantu bakatiwe. Imibare itangwa yerekana abakatiwe bose barangije ibihano byabo cyangwa barimo kubirangiza.Kugena igihugu ibihano birangirizwamo
Icyemezo cy’aho uwakatiwe arangiriza igihano gishingira ku Ngingo ya 25 ya Sitati ya IRMCT n’Amabwiriza Ngengamikorere yerekeye kugena igihugu uwakatiwe agomba kurangirizamo igihano cy’igifungo. Kugena icyo gihugu bikorwa mu ntera enye:
Intera ya 1: Gerefiye avugana n’igihugu kimwe cyangwa byinshi kugira ngo amenye niba byemera kuzarangirizwamo ibihano.
Intera ya 2: Gerefiye ageza kuri Perezida wa IRMCT raporo ikubiyemo risiti y’ibihugu bishobora kurangirizwamo ibihano n’andi makuru afite akamaro.
Intera ya 3: Perezida agena igihugu kizarangirizwamo igihano, ashingiye ku makuru yahawe na Gerefiye no ku iperereza ryose rindi ashobora kubona ko ari ngombwa gukora.
Intera ya 4: Gerefiye ashyira mu bikorwa icyemezo cya Perezida.
Ibisabwa ku buryo abantu bafungwamo
Irangiza ry’ibihano byatanzwe na TPIR, TPIY cyangwa na IRMCT rigomba kubahiriza amabwiriza mpuzamahanga yerekeye uburyo abantu bafungwamo, amategeko akurikizwa muri icyo gihugu igihano kirangirizwamo, ariko rikagenzurwa na IRMCT.
Uburyo abantu bafungwamo bugomba gukurikiza amabwiriza arebana n’uburenganzira bwa muntu arimo:
- Ibisabwa by’ifatizo ku buryo abagororwa bagomba gufatwa, byemejwe na Kongere ya mbere y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ku ikumira ry’ibyaha bikomeye n’uko ababikora bagomba gufatwa, kandi yemezwa n’Inama ishinzwe bukungu n’iby’imbonezamubano mu Cyemezo cyayo cya 663 C (XXIV) cyo ku itariki ya 31 Nyakanga 1957 no mu Cyemezo cya 2076 (LXII) cyo ku itariki ya 13 Gicurasi 1977.
- Amahame anyuranye yerekeye kurengera abantu bose bafunze mu buryo ubwo ari bwo bwose, yemejwe n’Inteko Rusange y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye mu Cyemezo cya 43/173 cyo ku itariki ya 9 Ukuboza 1988.
- Amahame y’ibanze yerekeye uko imfungwa zifatwa, yemejwe n’Inteko Rusange y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye mu Cyemezo cya 45/111 cyo ku itariki ya 14 Ukuboza 1990.
Imiryango yemewe nka Komite mpuzamahanga y’umuryango utabara imbabare wa Croix Rouge na Komite y’u Burayi igamije gukumira ibikorwa by’urugaraguro n’ibikorwa cyangwa ibihano birenze kamere muntu cyangwa bitesha umuntu agaciro, igenzura uburyo abantu bafunzwemo kugira ngo ikore ku buryo ibisabwa mu rwego mpuzamahanga byubahirizwa.
Imbabazi, kugabanyirizwa igihano cyangwa kurekurwa mbere y’igihe
Ingingo ya 26 ya Sitati ya IRMCT yemerera abakatiwe na TPIR, TPIY cyangwa IRMCT gusaba kubabarirwa, kugabanyirizwa ibihano cyangwa kurekurwa mbere yo kurangiza ibihano.
Icyemezo cyo kwemera cyangwa gutera utwatsi ibikubiye mu Cyifuzo nk’icyo gifatwa na Perezida wa IRMCT, kandi uretse Ingingo ya 26, ashingira no ku:
- Nngingo ya 151 y’Amategeko Agenga Imiburanishirize n’itangwa ry’ibimenyetso ya IRMCT, na
- Mahame ngengamikorere ku itangwa ry’ibyifuzo bisaba kubabarirwa, kugabanyirizwa igihano no kurekurwa mbere y’igihe ku bantu bakatiwe na TPIR, TPIY cyangwa IRMCT.
Nk’uko bivugwa mu Mabwiriza ngengamikorere, icyifuzo gishobora gutangwa mu buryo bubiri: gutangwa n’igihugu igihano kirangirizwamo cyangwa gutangwa n’uwakatiwe ubwe. Nk’urugero, reba Icyemezo cya mbere cya Perezida wa IRMCT cyo kurekura umugororwa mbere y’igihe cyafashwe mu rubanza rwa Paul Bisengimana, cyo ku itariki ya 11 Ukuboza 2012.
Ibihugu byakoranye amasezerano na TPIR ariko bitarakira abagororwa kugeza ubu ni ibi: u Bufaransa, u Rwanda, Senegali, Swaziland.
Ibihugu byakoranye amasezerano na TPIY ariko bitarakira abagororwa kugeza ubu ni ibi: Albanie, Pologne, Slovakia, Ukraine.


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Ubushyinguranyandiko
IRMCT ishinzwe imicungire y'ubushyinguranyandiko bwa TPIR, TPIY na IRMCT. Mu byo ishinzwe harimo kubika inyandiko no gukora ku buryo abantu bazikenera bazigeraho hashingiwe ku mabwiriza n'amategeko bikurikizwa.
Ubushyinguranyandiko bubitsemo inyandiko zigizwe n'impapuro, zibarirwa mu bihumbi, zishobora gutondekwa ku murongo wa metero nyinshi n'amadosiye ya eregitoronike arenga miriyoni 3 z'amajigabayite, arimo inyandiko, amakarita, amafoto, amashusho n'amajwi byafashwe, ibikoresho, ububikoshingiro bw'amakuru, imbuga za interinete n'ubundi bwoko bw'inyandiko. Muri rusange, izo nyandiko n'amadosiye bikubiyemo:
- Amaperereza, Inyandiko z'ibirego n'amaburanisha by'Inkiko zidahoraho na IRMCT;
- Ibyakozwe n'izo Nkiko byerekeranye n'ifungwa ry'abantu baziregewe; kurinda umutekano w'abatangabuhamya n'irangizwa ry'ibihano;
- Umubano izo Nkiko zifitanye n'Amareta n'indi miryango; n'
- Imitegekere y'izo Nkiko nk'inzego zashyizweho n'Umuryango w'Abibumbye.
Mu bushyinguranyandiko harimo ibintu bishobora kubangamira bamwe mu bantu babugana
Kugera ku nyandiko zishyinguye
Hakurikijwe Amabwiriza yerekeranye no kugera ku nyandiko zibitswe n'Urwego Mpuzamahanga Rwashyiriweho Gukora Imirimo y'Insigarira y'Inkiko Mpanabyaha, IRMCT itanga uburenganzira bwo kugera ku nyandiko n'amakuru bibitswe mu bushyinguranyandiko.
Ni ingombwa kumenya ko kugira ngo umushakashatsi yemererwe gukoresha icyumba cy'ubushyinguranyandiko cyagenewe ubushakashatsi agomba kuba nibura yujuje imyaka 16 y'ubukure, bitaba ibyo, akaba aherekejwe n'umuntu mukuru.
Ubushyinguranyandiko buherereye mu nyubako imwe n'ikoreramo buri shami rya IRMCT. Niba wifuza gusaba kugera ku nyandiko zishyinguye za IRMCT, uzuza Fomu yo gusaba amakuru ku nyandiko zishyinguye.
Kugera ku nyandiko zerekeranye n'imanza
Inyandiko z'Urukiko ni inyandiko zerekeranye n'imanza zaburanishijwe n'Urukiko rwa TPIR n'Urwa TPIY, zakomotse mu Ngereko, kwa Porokireri, mu Bwunganizi, kwa Gerefiye, mu Baburanyi n'abandi bantu bakorana n'izo Nkiko (Nk'urugero Amareta, Incuti z'Urukiko). Zirimo :
- Inyandiko zo mu rwego rw'amategeko zerekeranye n'urubanza runaka zashyikirijwe Urukiko (Nk'urugero Inyandiko z'ibirego, ibyifuzo, amategeko, ibyemezo n'Inyandiko z'imanza) zose muri rusange zitwa “Inyandiko”
- Ibimenyetso byashyizwe mu madosiye mu rukiko (Ibimenyetso gihamya)
- Inyandikomvugo z'amaburanisha
- Amajwi n'amashusho byafashwe mu maburanisha
Mu gihe ushakisha izo nyandiko, ifashishe ipaje yitwa Ububiko bwa eregitoronike buhuriweho.
Amamurika
IRMCT ikoresha, ahantu runaka no kuri interinete, amamurika y'inyandiko n'ibintu byatoranyijwe mu bushyinguranyandiko.


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Abo turibo
“ Mu gushyiraho uburyo bwo kurangiza imirimo y’izi nkiko, Inama Ishinzwe Amahoro ku Isi yateganyije uburyo bwo kurangiza imirimo y’izi nkiko zihariye butazatuma ubudahanwa bwongera guhabwa intebe. ”
Urwego rw’Inkiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga rwashyizweho n’Inama y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye Ishinzwe Amahoro ku Isi yo ku italiki ya 22 Ukuboza 2010 kugirango ruzakomeze imirimo ya ngombwa y’Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga Rwashyiriweho u Rwanda n’ Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga Rwashyiriweho icyahoze ari Yugosilaviya igihe zizaba zarangije inshingano zazo.
Ishyirwaho ry’uru Rwego ni intera ya ngombwa mu irangizwa ry’imirimo y’izi nkiko zombi. Ni urwego ruto cyane, ruzamara igihe gito kandi rukwiye, rugomba gukomeza “imirimo irebana n’ubutabera, uburenganzira n’inshingano n’imikorere ya ngombwa," ,” (Icyemezo cy’Inama y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye 1966) y’Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga Rwashyiriweho u Rwanda n’Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga Rwashyiriweho icyahoze ari Yugosilaviya, no gukomereza aho izi nkiko zombi zahagarikiye imirimo yazo.
Uru Rwego rugizwe n’amashami abiri. Ishami rimwe rirebana n’imirimo yakorwaga n’Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga Rwashyiriweho u Rwanda kandi riri Arusha, Tanzania. Ryatangiye akazi karyo ku italiki ya 1 Nyakanga 2012. Irindi shami rifite icyicaro cyaryo i Lahe kandi ryatangiye akazi karyo ku italiki ya 1 Nyakanga 2013, rikazakomeza imirimo yakorwaga n’Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga Rwashyiriweho icyahoze ari Yugosilaviya.
Mu minsi ya mbere y’itangira ry’akazi k’uru Rwego, hari igihe cy’inzibacyuho imirimo y’Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga Rwashyiriweho u Rwanda n’Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga Rwashyiriweho icyahoze ari Yugosilaviya izasa naho igongana, igihe izi nzego zizaba zirangiza urubanza urwo arirwo rwose cyangwa se ubujurire bwasigaye mu gihe hagitegerejwe itangizwa ry’amashami yombi ry’urwego rw’Inkiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga.
Imirimo yihariye
Gushakisha no gucira imanza abagishakishwa batarafatwa
Guhiga, gufata no gucira imanza abantu icyenda bagishakishwa n’Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga Rwashyiriweho u Rwanda nizo nshingano zibanze z’uru Rwego. Kugeza mu kwezi kwa Nyakanga 2012, abantu icyenda baregwa n’Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga Rwashyiriweho u Rwanda kuba baragize uruhare muri jenoside mu Rwanda muri 1994 bari batarafatwa.
Mu ngingo ya 6 (3) ya sitati yarwo, uru Rwego ruzagira uburenganzira kuri aba bantu bakekwaho kuba baragize uruhare rukomeye mu byaha ndengakamere. Nk’uko iyi ngingo ibisaba, Porokireri w’Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga Rwashyiriweho u Rwanda yasabwe gushyikiriza u Rwanda amadosiye ya batandatu muri abo bantu bagishakishwa.
Fulgence Kayishema (idosiye yatanzwe kuri 22 Gashyantare 2012); Charles Sikubwabo (idosiye yatanzwe kuri 26 Werurwe 2012); Ladislas Ntaganzwa (idosiye yatanzwe ku italiki ya 8 Gicurasi 2012); Aloys Ndimbati (idosiye ye yatanzwe kuri 25 Kamena 2012); Charles Ryandikayo (idosiye yatanzwe kuri 20 Kamena 2012); Pheneas Munyarugarama (idosiye ye yatanzwe kuri 28 Kamena 2012).
Uru Rwego ruzakomeza gukurikirana mu butabera aba batatu bakurikira:
Augustin Bizimana; Félicien Kabuga; Protais Mpiranya.
Nyuma y’ifatwa ry’abantu babiri mu w’ 2011 aribo Ratko Mladić na Goran Hadžić bagashyikirizwa Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga Rwashyiriweho icyahoze ari Yugosilaviya, ibyari biteganijwe gukorwa n’Urwego rw’Inkinko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga – harimo gucira imanza abari batarafatwa – bizarangizwa n’Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga Rwashyiriweho icyahoze ari Yugosilaviya.
Uko Ubujurire buzakorwa
Amashami yombi y’uru Rwego azakurikirana kandi arangize ubujurire bwose buzaba bwayashyikirijwe, burebana n’ikemurarubanza cyangwa se guhana bizayashyikirizwa nyuma y’itangira rya buri shami.
Ku birebana n’imanza zaciwe n’Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga Rwashyiriweho u Rwanda zajuririwe ku italiki ya 1 Nyakanga 2012 cyangwa nyuma yaho, ubujurire buzasuzumwa n’uru Rwego. Ni nako bizagenda ku birebana n’Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga Rwashyiriweho icyahoze ari Yugosilaviya, uru Rwego ruzakurikirana ubujurire bw’imanza zaciwe n’Urwo rukiko buzatangwa ku italiki ya 1 Nyakanga 2013 cyangwa nyuma yaho.
Duhereye kuri ibi bivuzwe hejuru, ishami ry’Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga Rwashyiriweho u Rwanda ry’urwo Rwego, rizakurikirana ubujurire buzakurikira icibwa ry’imanza zirebana n’abakekwaho ibyaha batarafatwa, mu gihe ishami ry’Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga Rwashyiriweho icyahoze ari Yugosilaviya rizakurikirana ubujurire ubwo aribwo bwose buzakulikira urubanza rwa Radovan Karadžić, Ratko Mladić na Goran Hadžić.
Gusubiramo imanza
Kongera kuburanisha abahamijwe icyaha n'Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga Rwashyiriweho u Rwanda bitegetswe n’Urugereko rw’Ubujurire ku italiki ya 1 Nyakanga 2012 cyangwa se nyuma yaho, bizakorwa n’uru Rwego.
Kongera kuburanisha abahamijwe icyaha n’Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga Rwashyiriweho icyahoze ari Yugosilaviya bitegetswe n’Urugereko rw’Ubujurire mu mezi atandatu cyangwa munsi yayo mbere y’itangira ry’imirimo y’ishami ry’Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga Rwashyiriweho icyahoze ari Yugosilaviya ku italiki ya 1 Nyakanga 2013, bizakorwa n’uru Rwego rw’Inkiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga.
Isubiramo ry’imanza rizagenwa n’urugereko rw’Ubujurire rw’uru Rwego rizakorwa n’uru Rwego.
Imanza zo gusuzugura Urukiko no gutanga ubuhamya bw’ikinyoma
The MICT has the jurisdiction to conduct investigations, trials and appeals in cases of contempt of court and false testimony committed in the course of proceedings before the MICT.
This jurisdiction also extends to contempt cases arising from proceedings before the ICTR and ICTY for which the indictment is confirmed after the start date of the respective branch of the MICT.
Uko ugusubiramo igihano gisoza iburana bizakorwa
Haramutse habonetse ikimenyetso, kitari kizwi mu gihe imanza zaburanishwaga, kandi abacamanza bakacyemera ku bwiganze, kiramutse kigaragajwe, kikaba cyari gutuma baca urubanza ukundi, icyo gihe icyemezo kirebana n’igihano cyatanzwe cyasubirwamo.
Uru Rwego ruzashingwa imirimo y’isubirwamo ry’imanza zayo zose, kandi rukazanashingwa isubiramo ry’imanza zaciwe n’Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga Rwashyiriweho u Rwanda hamwe n’Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga Rwashyiriweho icyahoze ari Yugosilaviya mu gihe hari ubisabye ku Italiki ruzatangiriraho cyangwa se nyuma yayo.
Imirimo yarwo yindi
Umutekano w’abakorewe ibyaha hamwe n’uw’abatangabuhamya
Ugukomeza inshingano zirebana no kwita ku mutekano w’abakorewe ibyaha ndetse n’abatangabuhamya bigomba kwitabwaho cyane. Kuva ku Italiki ya 1 Nyakanga 2012 ku birebana n’Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga Rwashyiriweho u Rwanda no kuva ku Italiki ya 1 Nyakanga 2013 ku birebana n’Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga Rwashyiriweho icyahoze ari Yugosilaviya, Urwego rw’Inkiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga ruzakora iyi mirimo mu manza ruzaba rwashyikirijwe, ndetse n’izarangijwe n’izi nkiko zombi z’uru Rwego. Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga Rwashyiriweho u Rwanda, n’Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga Rwashyiriweho icyahoze ari Yugosilaviya, zizakomeza zite ku mibungabungire y’umutekano w’abakorewe ibyaha n’uw’abatangabuhamya mu manza zigikomeza mu nkiko zombi.
Ukugenzura ko ibihano byatanzwe byubahirizwa
Abantu bakatiwe n’Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga Rwashyiriweho u Rwanda cyangwa Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga Rwashyiriweho icyahoze ari Yugosilaviya, ntibazangiriza igihano cyabo muri gereza z’izo nkiko zombi kuko atari gereza zabugenewe, ahubwo bazarangiriza ibihano byabo muri kimwe mu bihugu byasinye amasezerano arebana no gushyira mu bikorwa ibihano bizatangwa.
Kuva ku Iitaliki ya 1 Nyakanga 2012, ku birebana n’imanza z’Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga Rwashyiriweho u Rwanda no kuva ku italiki ya 1 Nyakanga 2013 ku birebana n’imanza z’Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga Rwashyiriweho icyahoze ari Yugosilaviya, Urwego rw’inkiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga ruzagira uburenganzira bwo guhitamo ibihugu bizashyira mu bikorwa ibihano, harimo n’iby’abazaba bakatiwe n’izo nkiko zombi. Byongeye kandi, nyuma y’iyo taliki, Perezida w’uru Rwego azakulikirana irangiza ry’ibihano kandi afate icyemezo ku birebana no kubabarira cyangwa kugabanya igihano, hatibagiwe n’abakatiwe bari mu kurangiza ibihano byabo – uru ruhare rusanzwe rufitwe na ba Perezida b’Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga Rwashyiriweho u Rwanda hamwe n’Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga Rwashyiriweho icyahoze ari Yugosilaviya.
Gufasha Inkiko z’ibihugu
Kubera ko izi nkiko zombi Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga zizaba zirangiza manda zazo, abazaba bakurikiranwaho ibyaha bakoze mu Rwanda no mu cyahoze ari Yugosilaviya baziyongera. Kubera iyo mpamvu, umubare w’inkiko, ba Porokireri n’abunganira ababurana byakomeje kwiyongera.
Kuva ku italiki ya 1 Nyakanga 2012 ku birebana n’ibyifuzo byo gufashwa byashyikirijwe Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga rwashyiriweho u Rwanda, no kuva ku italiki 1 Nyakanga 2013 ku birebana n’Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga Rwashyiriweho icyahoze ari Yugosilaviya, Urwego rw’Inkiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga ruzatanga imfashanyo ikenewe yasabwe n’ubutegetsi bw’ibihugu (bitagarukiye ku Rwanda n’ icyahoze ari Yugosilaviya gusa), ku birebana n’iperereza rikorwa n’ibihugu, ba Porokireri ndetse n’imanza.
Ako kazi karimo gufasha inkiko z’ibihugu zizaba ziburanisha imanza, harimo no gutanga dosiye, gusaba ibimenyetso, no guhinduranya cyangwa guhagarika ibyemezo byo kurengera abatangabuhamya, cyangwa se gusubiza ibyifuzo bisaba uburenganzira bwo kubaza ibibazo abafunzwe.
Ukubumbatira no gucunga ibyanditswe by’UIMM, UMMRR, UMMRY
Uru Rwego ruzita ku kubika no gucunga inyandiko zose z’inkiko zombi. Izo nyandiko zirebana n’amaperereza, ibihano byatanzwe, n’uko imanza zaciwe, akazi karebana no gufunga kw’abashinjwa ibyaha, kurengera abatangabuhamya no kurangiza ibihano, n’imikoranire na za Leta, n’abandi bashinzwe gushyira mu bikorwa amategeko, imiryango ya za leta cyangwa se yigenga, na rubanda.
Inyandiko zibitswe zigizwe n’ibyanditswe, amakarita, amafoto, amajwi yafashwe n’ibindi bintu. Uru Rwego rw’Inkiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga ruzacunga izi nyandiko kandi rworohereze abantu bashaka kuzikoresha kandi rukomeze kubumbatira amabanga azikubiyemo.
Ishami rya Arusha ry’Urwego rw’Inkiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga rizacumbikira inyandiko z’Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga Rwashyiriweho u Rwanda, zizagirwa n’impapuro hafi 900,000 by’inyandiko, amajwi, n’amashusho (videos) yafashwe mu minsi irenga 6,000 by’imanza, wongeyeho kandi n’amagambo yagiye avugwa, ndetse n’ibyemezo birenga 10 000 byafatiwe abakurikiranyweho ibyaha n’Urukiko. Naho inyandiko z’Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga Rwashyiriweho icyahoze ari Yugosilaviya zizabikwa ku cyicaro cy’iri shami riri i Lahe.
Imiterere y’Urwego rw’Inkiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga
Uru Rwego rugizwe na Perezida uhoraho, Porokireri na Gerefiye, bakaba bashinzwe ayo mashami yombi.
Inteko y’abacamanza 25 izakora imirimo y’ingereko zombi z’Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga Rwashyiriweho u Rwanda n’Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga Rwashyiriweho icyahoze ari Yugosilaviya. Mu gutora abacamanza hazibandwa cyane ku burambe ku kazi k’abakandida mu kazi bakoreye Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga Rwashyiriweho u Rwanda cyangwa Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga Rwashyiriweho icyahoze ari Yugosilaviya. Abacamanza bazaza i Lahe igihe gusa bikenewe cyangwa se bisabwe na Perezida. Ariko igihe bishoboka, kandi byemejwe na Perezida, bazakora imirimo bashinzwe bari kure y’izi ngereko.
Ibiro bya Porokireri na Gerefiye bizagumana inteko y’abakozi b’inzobere, cyane cyane abazaba barakoranye n’Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga Rwashyiriweho u Rwanda cyangwa se Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga Rwashyiriweho icyahoze ari Yugosilaviya, kugira ngo bibafashe kongera abakozi vuba bitewe n’uko hakenewe gukora imirimo yazo. Inteko y’abashinzwe kuvuganira ababurana izatuburwa kugirango imanza zicibwe mu buryo butabera.


text:
Abatangabuhamya bagera ku bihumbi birindwi batanze ubuhamya imbere y'Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga Rwashyiriweho u Rwanda (“TPIR”), Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga Rwashyiriweho icyahoze ari Yugosilaviya (“TPIY”), n'Urwego Mpuzamahanga Rwashyiriweho Gukora Imirimo y'Insigarira y'Inkiko Mpanabyaha (“IRMCT”).
Mu buhamya bwanditse n'ubwo batangiye mu Rukiko, abo batangabuhamya bagejeje kuri izo Nkiko ibitekerezo by'impuguke, amakuru y'ibanga bamenyeye aho babaye n'ubuhamya butaziguye ku byaha byakozwe mu Rwanda no mu cyahoze ari Yugosilaviya mu myaka ya za 90.
Mu rwego rwo gushyigikira ubuhamya bwanditse n'ubwo batanze mu Rukiko, abatangabuhamya bamwe na bamwe bakoze ibishushanyo bisobanura inshoza z'urusobe, ibyabaye byihariye cyangwa ibintu n'ahantu runaka. Ibyo bishushanyo bifasha gusobanura uburyo, ahantu n'impamvu ibintu runaka byabaye cyangwa bigafasha kumvikanisha ibitekerezo n'imikorere y'ibintu by'urusobe. Rimwe na rimwe, hari ubwo abatangabuhamya basabwaga gutanga ubuhamya kuri bimwe mu bigize bene ibyo bishushanyo byashushanyijwe n'abandi.
Iri murika ryerekana ibishushanyo binyuranye, byose byakiriwe nk'ibimenyetso gihamya mu manza zaburanishijwe n'izo Nkiko. Rigaragaza uburyo bunyuranye ibyo bishushanyo byakoreshejwe mu manza zaburanishijwe.
Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga
Rwashyiriweho u Rwanda
ICTR
Ikigo cya gisirikare cya Gisenyi
Kiriziya ya Nyange
Igishushanyo kigaragaza agace karimo urugo rwa Minisitiri w'Intebe
Ikigo cya Kanombe n'inkengero zacyo
Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga
Rwashyiriweho icyahoze ari Yugoslaviya
ICTY
Ingamba zirebana
n'umutekano
w'abatangabuhamya
Ingingo ya 20 ya Sitati ya IRMCT iha IRMCT inshingano zo kurinda umutekano w'abatangabuhamya n'abakorewe ibyaha muri TPIY, TPIR na IRMCT. Mu gihe TPIY igikomeza kurinda umutekano w'abatangabuhamya mu manza zikiburanishwa muri TPIY, IRMCT ikora imirimo yose irebana no kurinda umutekano w'abatangabuhamya n'uw'abakorewe ibyaha bafitanye isano n'imanza zarangijwe n'izo nkiko zombi n'imanza zikiburanishwa na IRMCT.


text:
Abacamanza
IRMCT ifite risiti y’abacamanza bigenga 25 bazakorera amashami yombi ya IRMCT nk’uko biteganywa na Sitati. Ku itariki ya 20 Ukuboza 2011, Inteko Rusange y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye yatoye abacamanza 25 bari kuri risiti yariho abakandida benshi yatanzwe n’Inama Ishinzwe Amahoro ku Isi nyuma y’aho ibihugu bigize Umuryango w’Abibumbye bimariye gutanga abakandida babyo.
Sitati ya IRMCT iteganya ko «abantu b’indakemwa mu mico no mu myifatire, barangwa no kutabogama no kuba inyangamugayo kandi bujuje ibya ngombwa bituma mu bihugu byabo bahabwa imirimo y’ubucamanza yo mu rwego rwo hejuru». By’umwihariko, hazirikanwa uburambe abo bacamanza bafite mu kazi ka TPIY cyangwa ka TPIR. Abakandida barenze babiri bakomoka mu gihugu kimwe ntibashobora kuba kuri risiti y’abacamanza.
Abacamanza baza ku cyicaro cy’ishami rya IRMCT igihe bakenewe gusa kandi bisabwe na Perezida. Iyo bishoboka kandi na Perezida abyemeje, bashobora gukorera ahandi hantu hatari ku byicaro by’amashami ya IRMCT.
Abacamanza ntibazahabwa imishahara cyangwa ibindi kubera gusa ko bari kuri risiti. Babihabwa ari uko bamaze gushyirwaho na Perezida kugira ngo bakore imirimo yabo muri IRMCT. Kuri buri rubanza rwose ruburanishwa na IRMCT cyangwa urwo yohereje mu kindi gihugu, uretse imanza zo gusuzugura Urukiko no gutanga ubuhamya bw’ikinyoma, Perezida ashyiraho abacamanza batatu mu bari kuri risiti akaba ari bo bagira Inteko y’Urugereko rwa Mbere rw’Iremezo. Mu bindi bihe byose, Perezida ashyiraho umucamanza umwe rukumbi akura mu bari kuri risiti kugira ngo aburanishe urubanza bireba mu rw’iremezo. Perezida ashyiraho inteko igizwe n’abacamanza batanu kugira ngo bumve ubujurire ku cyemezo cyafashwe n’Urugereko rwa Mbere rw’Iremezo n’Inteko y’abacamanza batatu bo kumva ubujurire ku cyemezo cyafashwe n’umucamanza umwe rukumbi mu rw’iremezo.
Abacamanza batorerwa manda y’imyaka ine kandi bashobora kongererwa manda n’Umunyamabanaga Mukuru amaze kubijyaho inama n’Abaperezida b’Inama Ishinzwe Amahoro ku Isi n’Inteko Rusange. Reba risiti iheruka igaragaza uko abacamanza bakurikirana mu cyubahiro hashingiwe ku Ngingo ya 22 y’Amategeko Agenga Imiburanishririze n’Itangwa ry’Ibimenyetso.


text:
Imurikanyandiko ku rubuga rwa interineti
Abana mu ntambara
Ibimenyetso byo mu bushyinguranyandiko bw’Inkiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga
Iri murika ryo ku rubuga rwa interinete rifasha gusobanukirwa bumwe mu buryo abana bagizweho ingaruka n’intambara zabereye mu karere ka Balkan mu myaka ya za 90 na jenoside yabaye mu Rwanda mu mwaka wa 1994.
Imanza zaburanishijwe n’Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga Rwashyiriweho Icyahoze ari Yugosilaviya (“TPIY”) n’Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga Rwashyiriweho u Rwanda (TPIR) ntizibanze ku myaka y’amavuko abahohotewe bari bafite ubwayo, kandi ntizanditse ibikorwa byose bikomeye by’ihohoterwa abana bagiriwe. Nyamara, ubuhamya bwinshi n’ibintu byinshi byatanzwe nk’ibimenyetso muri izo nkiko bigaragaza uko abana bakorewe kenshi ibyaha binyuranye birimo kwibasirwa bigambiriwe n’ibikorwa by’urugomo rushingiye ku gitsina, ibikorwa by’urugaraguro, itotezwa, kwimurirwa ahandi hantu ku gahato, kwicwa n’itsembatsemba.
Iri murika ryifashisha amafoto, ibimenyetso bigizwe n’amashusho n’amajwi byafashwe, inyandukuro z’ibyavuzwe n’izindi nyandiko zo mu buyobozi byatanzwe nk’ibimenyetso mu manza zaburanishijwe na TPIY na TPIR mu kugaragaza zimwe mu ngero z’ukuntu abana bari bamerewe mu ntambara zo mu karere ka Balkan no muri jenoside yabaye mu Rwanda. Rinagaragaza muri rusange ingaruka z’intambara ku bakiri bato cyane.
Ibintu byose byerekanwa muri iryo murika byakuwe mu nyandiko zitari ibanga ziri mu bushyinguranyandiko bwa TPIY na TPIR, buri mu maboko y’Urwego rwashyiriweho Inkiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha.
1.
Amafoto ya Kiriziya ya Sainte Famille, Kigali, Rwanda
- Nomero y’ikimenyetso gihamya: P77
- Nomero y’inyandiko: 15190-01
- Itariki ikimenyetso cyakiriweho: 30 Mutarama 2007
- Urubanza rwa : Renzaho (ICTR-97-31)
“Hari umwana w’umuhungu muto, sinzi niba yari kuri Sainte Famille maze atangira gutera hejuru atabaza, nuko numva urusaku rw’amasasu avugira mu bice byose muri icyo kigo. Kubera ko twari hafi y’iryo hema, twinjiye mu ihema ryacu turicara. Kuri uwo munsi hishwe abantu benshi nta kurobanura nk’uko byagenze mu kigo cya CELA. Barashe mu mbaga y’abantu cyangwa bakarasa umuntu wese wahitaga, nta kurobanura. Sinzi igihe byamaze, ariko mu by’ukuri byamaze akanya. Nyuma yaho, hari Interahamwe ntari nzi yaje aho idutegeka gusohoka mu ihema twarimo kugira ngo dusange abandi, hafi y’icyumba cy’abapadiri. Ubwo twahise dusohoka. Twagiye tunyura ku mirambo yari inyanyagiye hirya no hino. Twegereye aho abandi bantu bari bari. Tuhageze dusanga abenshi muri abo bantu ari abagore n’abana, nuko twicarana na bo. Tumaze kuhagera, urusaku rw’amasasu ntirwamaze igihe kirekire.”
Ayo mafoto y’abana bahungiye muri Kiriziya ya Sainte Famille i Kigali, mu Rwanda ari mu itsinda ry’amashusho 33 yafashwe n’umunyamakuru w’umufotozi witwa Corinne Dufka yakiriwe nk’ibimenyetso mu rubanza rwa Renzaho muri TPIR. Mu buhamya yatanze ku itariki ya 30 Mutarama 2007, Dufka avuga ko ayo mafoto yafatiwe muri iyo kiriziya ku itariki ya 29 cyangwa ku ya 30 Gicurasi 1994 kandi ko abari muri iyo kiriziya bari bafite impungenge kandi bahangayitse.
Ku itariki ya 31 Mutarama 2007, umutangabuhamya wiswe ATQ yatanze ubuhamya ku bwicanyi bwabereye mu gipangu cya Kiriziya ya Sainte Famille hafi y’itariki ya 16 Kamena 1994. Uwo mutangabuhamya, wari ufite imyaka 19 icyo gihe, ni umwe mu Batutsi benshi bahungiye muri iyo kiriziya muri Gicurasi 1994. Mu buhamya bwe, uwo mutangabuhamya yavuze ko Renzaho yari kuri iyo kiriziya ku munsi ubwo bwicanyi bwabereyeho.
Urubanza rwa Renzaho (ICTR-97-31)
Uru rubanza rwari rwerekeranye n’ishyirwaho ry’amabariyeri n’itangwa ry’intwaro zahabwaga Interahamwe n’indi mitwe yitwaraga gisirikare muri Kigali kugira ngo “barwanye umwanzi”, kimwe n’ibyaha byakorewe ku kigo cyigishirizwagamo indimi nyafurika (Centre d’Étude des Langues Africaines) no ku Kiriziya ya Sainte Famille. Igihe ibyo byarimo biba, Tharcisse Renzaho yari Perefe wa Perefegitura y’Umujyi wa Kigali akaba na koroneri mu Gisirikare cy’u Rwanda.
Urugereko rwa Mbere rw’Iremezo rwa TPIR, rwasanze ko, nk’umwe mu mwanzuro rwafashe, kuva muri Mata 1994, abantu benshi bahungiye muri Kiriziya ya Sainte Famille muri Perefegitura y’Umujyi wa Kigali. Umubare wabo wakomeje kugenda wiyongera kugera ubwo hagati muri Kamena, abantu barenga igihumbi bari bamaze guhungira muri iyo kiriziya. Ku itariki ya 17 Kamena 1994, Interahamwe zagabye igitero kuri iyo kiriziya. Hishwe abasivire benshi cyane kandi abasore ni bo bibasiwe by’umwihariko.
Urugereko rw’ubujurire rwemeje ibyemezo by’Urugereko rwa Mbere rw’Iremezo byari byahamije Renzaho icyaha cya jenoside, ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu (ubuhotozi), n’ibyaha binyuranyije bikomeye n’Ingingo ya 3 ihuriweho n’Amasezerano y’i Jeneve hamwe n’Inyongera yayo ya II.
2.
Arubumu y’amafoto ya Foča
- Nomero y’ikimenyetso gihamya: P11
- Nomero y’inyandiko: 47632
- Itariki ikimenyetso cyakiriweho: 20 Werurwe 2000
- Urubanza rwa: Kunarac na bagenzi be (IT-96-23 & IT-96-23/1)
“Ntekereza ko niyemeje kwiyibagiza byinshi muri ibyo bintu, n’ubwo muri njyewe, hakirimo kandi hazahoramo inkovu z’ibyo byose byambayeho. Ntekereza ko mu buzima bwanjye bwose nzahora mbyibuka bikambabaza nk’uko byambabaje kandi n’ubu bikimbabaza. Ntibizigera bimvamo.”
Umutangabuhamya wiswe FWS-87 ni umwe mu bagore 20 batanze ubuhamya muri TPIY mu rubanza rwa Kunarac na bagenzi be ku birego byo gusambanya ku gahato, ibikorwa by’urugaraguro, gushyira abantu mu bucakara no guhungabanya agaciro ka muntu abaregwa bakoreye abagore muri Foča, Bosiniya na Herizegovina, mu mwaka wa 1992. Bimwe mu byo yahuye na byo yavuze mu buhamya yatanze ku itariki ya 4 Mata 2000, FWS-87 yavuze ukuntu yagizwe imbohe akanasambanywa ku gahato incuro nyinshi ahantu hatandukanye muri Foča hanyuma Radomir Kovač akaza kumugurisha ku basirikare bo muri Montenegro ku madocimarike (amafaranga y’u Budage) magana atanu. Intambara yateye muri Foča afite imyaka 15.
Arubumu yerekanwa hano ikubiyemo amafoto yafashwe mu butumwa bwo gukora iperereza Porokireri yagiyemo muri Foča muri Kamena 1996. Porokireri yifashishije iyo arubumu mu itangwa ry’ubuhamya bwa FWS-87 no mu bw’abandi batangabuhamya mu kugaragaza ahantu havugwa ko hakorewe ibyaha n’ahantu ho muri Foča harebwa n’urubanza.
Urubanza rwa Kunarac na bagenzi be (IT-96-23 & IT-96-23/1)
Urugereko rwa Mbere rw’Iremezo rwa TPIY rwasanze ko, guhera muri Mata 1992 kugera nibura muri Gashyantare 1993, Dragoljub Kunarac, Radomir Kovač na Zoran Vuković bagize uruhare nk’abasirikare mu gitero cyagabwe n’ingabo z’Abaseribe bo muri Bosiniya bagamije “gusukura” akarere ka Foča bavanamo abari bahatuye batari Abaseribe.
Mu Nyandiko y’urubanza mu rw’iremezo, havugwamo ko abasivire b’Abayisiramu n’Abayisiramukazi bagotewe mu nsisiro zikikije Foča. Abagabo batandukanyijwe n’abagore n’abana; bamwe muri bo bamara igihe kirekire bafungiwe muri gereza izwi ku izina rya KP Dom ya Foča naho abandi bahita bicirwa aho. Abagore n’abana bajyanywe ahantu bakusanyirizwaga hanyuma amabisi abajyana mu kigo cy’amashuri yisumbuye cya Foča, aba ari ho bafungirwa. Nyuma yaho bamwe muri bo bajyanywe ahandi hantu muri Foča no mu turere tuhakikije, nko muri Partizan Sports Hall no mu mago y’abantu ku giti cyabo muri Miljevina no muri Trnovača. Urugereko rwa Mbere rw’Iremezo rwasanze ko abasirikare bo mu ngabo z’Abaseribe bo muri Bosiniya basambanyije ku gahato abakobwa n’abagore, babakoza isoni, babahungabanya mu mutwe babafata nk’abafungwa, banabakorera ibikorwa bibasuzuguza. Rwasanze abagore n’abakobwa b’Abayisiramukazi, abakobwa na ba nyina, barateshejwe icyubahiro gikwiye abantu; abagore n’abakobwa bafatwaga nk’abacakara cyangwa imitungo abasirikare b’Abaseribe bashoboraga kwikoreshereza uko bishakiye, ariko by’umwihariko, bagomba gukora ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose bategetswe n’Abaregwa uko ari batatu. Abenshi mu basambanyijwe ku gahato bari abakobwa batari bakagejeje ku myaka 19. Umuto kurusha abandi muri abo basambanyijwe ku gahato yari afite imyaka 12.
Abaregwa bahamijwe ibyaha byo gusambanya ku gahato, kwica urubozo, gushyira abantu mu bucakara no guhungabanya agaciro k’umuntu nk’ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu n’ibyaha byo kunyuranya n’amategeko cyangwa n’umuco bikurikizwa mu ntambara. Urugereko rw’Ubujurire rwemeje ibyo byaha bahamijwe n’Urugereko rwa Mbere rw’Iremezo.
3.
Videwo ya Perefegitura ya Kibuye
- Nomero y’ikimenyetso gihamya: P3B
- Nomero y’inyandiko: 10072-01
- Itariki cyakiriweho: 29 Werurwe 2004
- Urubanza rwa: Muhimana (ICTR-95-1B)
“Ikibazo: Ku itariki ya 16 Mata 1994, ubwo ibyo byabaga wari ufite imyaka ingahe?
Igisubizo: I Nari mfite imyaka 15 y’amavuko.”
Umutangabuhamya wiswe BJ, umukobwa w’Umuhutukazi, avuga ko yakoreraga umuryango w’Abatutsi ubwo imirwano yatangiye hagati y’Ingabo z’u Rwanda n’ingabo za FPR muri Komine ya Gishyita ho muri Perefegitura ya Kibuye, mu Rwanda. We n’abandi bantu benshi bavanywe mu byabo n’intambara bahungiye mu bitaro bya Mugonero.
Mu buhamya bwe, BJ avuga uko we n’abandi bakobwa babiri bihishe mu Cyumba cya 3 cy’ibyo bitaro, aho Mikaeli Muhimana n’Interahamwe babasanze bakabasambanya ku gahato. Mu Nyandiko y’urubanza mu rw’iremezo yo ku itariki ya 28 Mata 2005, mu kugenera Muhimana ibihano, Urugereko rwa Mbere rw’Iremezo rwa TPIR rwasanze kuba abahohotewe bari bakiri abana bato byari impamvu nyongeragihano.
Videwo yerekanwa aha igaragaza ibitaro mu kigo cya Mugonero, byari hamwe mu hantu Porokireri wa TPIR yavuze ko habereye ibivugwa mu rubanza rwa Muhimana.
Urubanza rwa Muhimana (ICTR-95-1B)
Urugereko rwa Mbere rw’Iremezo rwa TPIR rwasanze ko mu mezi ya Mata na Gicurasi 1994, Mikaeli Muhimana, wahoze ari Konseye wa Segiteri ya Gishyita muri Perefegitura ya Kibuye, yagize uruhare mu iyicwa ry’abantu bo mu bwoko bw’Abatutsi kandi ko yateje abantu bo muri ubwo bwoko ububabare buzahaza umubiri cyangwa mu mutwe.
Rwasanze kandi Muhimana yaragize uruhare mu bitero byagabwe ku basivire b’Abatutsi bari bahungiye mu nsengero no mu bitaro, ahantu hari hasanzwe hafatwa nk’ahantu umuntu yahungira akahabonera umutekano. Byongeye kandi, yishe abana, anasambanya ku gahato abakobwa yari azi ko ari Abatutsikazi yirengagiza nkana ko bibangamiye ubuzima n’agaciro bya muntu.
Muhimana yahamijwe icyaha cya jenoside, gusambanya ku gahato nk’icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu n’ubuhotozi nk’icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu. Urugereko rw’Ubujurire rwemeje ibyo byemezo by’Urugereko rwa Mbere rw’Iremezo byari byamuhamije ibyaha.
Uko abana barengerwa n’amategeko mpuzamahanga
Mu gihe cy’intambara, abana badafite uruhare mu mirwano barengerwa muri rusange n’amategeko arengera abasivire. By’umwihariko, nk’abasivire batari abarwanyi, abana bafite uburenganzira bw’ibanze buteganywa mu Masezerano y’i Jeneve ya kane yo mu mwaka wa 1949 n’Inyongera yayo ya mbere yo mu mwaka wa 1977 mu gihe cy’intambara mpuzamahanga, n’Ingingo ya 3 ihuriweho n’Amasezerano y’i Jeneve yo mu mwaka wa 1949 hamwe n’Inyongera yayo ya kabiri yo mu mwaka wa 1977 mu gihe cy’intambara itari mpuzamahanga. Nk’abandi basivire bose, bimwe mu byo abana bafiteho uburenganzira ni nko kuba uburenganzira bwabo bwo kubaho n’ubusugire bw’ubuzima bwabo ku mubiri no mu mutwe bugomba kubahirizwa. Banafite kandi uburenganzira bahabwa n’amategeko abarinda gukoreshwa agahato, ibihano bibabaza umubiri, ibikorwa by’urugaraguro, ibihano rusange n’ibikorwa byo kwihorera. Banarengerwa n’ingingo z’amategeko agenga intambara.
Byongeye kandi, bitewe no kuba by’umwihariko badashobora kwirwanaho, abana barengerwa ku buryo bwihariye n’ingingo nyinshi z’amasezerano y’i Jeneve yo mu mwaka wa 1949 n’Amasezerano y’Inyongera yayo yo mu mwaka wa 1977. Iyo abana bafite uruhare rutaziguye mu mirwano, batakaza ubwo buryo rusange bwo kurengerwa buhabwa abasivire ariko bakagumana ubwo buryo bwo kurengerwa bwihariye.
Hanyuma, amategeko mpuzahanga yerekeye uburenganzira bwa muntu ateganya imbibi ntarengwa z’uruhare rw’abana mu mirwano n’iz’iyinjizwa ryabo mu ngabo cyangwa mu dutsiko tw’abantu bitwaje intwaro. Muri ayo mategeko, harimo n’Amasezerano mpuzamahanga yerekeye uburenganzira bw’Umwana yo mu mwaka wa 1989 n’Umugereka w’ayo masezerano udahatirwa ku birebana n’ishorwa ry’abana mu ntambara yo mu mwaka wa 2000.
4.
Inyandiko y’ubuhamya bwa Elvedin Pašić
- Nomero y’ikimenyetso gihamya: D30
- Nomero y’inyandiko: 137020
- Itariki cyakiriweho: 21 Ukwakira 2004
- Urubanza rwa: Krajišnik (IT-00-39)
“Muri iyo mbaga y’abantu harimo n’abahungu na bo bagize uruhare mu gukubita. Abagore bari bafite amashoka na majagu ariko bakadukubitisha imihini yabyo. Abatari bafite ikintu cyo kwifashisha badukubitishaga amaboko bakanadutera imigeri. Ni na ko badutukaga ubutitsa. […] Nagerageje kwiruka ndetse nari hafi yo kugera kuri bisi nuko haza umugore amfata mu mugongo anjugunya mu muhanda. Yari afashe icyuma nuko aravuga ati “reka nice aka gahungu k’Akabalija; abahungu banjye babiri biciwe muri Večići”. Ako kanya, haje umusirikare nuko amaze guhigika uwo mugore ahita anjugunya muri bisi. Ni njye wa nyuma winjiye muri iyo bisi.”
Umutangabuhamya Elvedin Pašić yari afite imyaka 13 y’amavuko ubwo urusisiro yari atuyemo mu karere ka Kotor Varoš ho muri Bosiniya na Herizegovina rwagabwagaho igitero muri Gicurasi 1992. Mu buhamya yatanze mu rukiko mu Ukwakira 2004, Pašić yavuze uko byamugendekeye kuva ubwo yatangiye kubona abasirikare b’Abaseribe biyongera mu rusisiro yari atuyemo mbere gato y’igitero, kugera ubwo byabaye ngombwa ko avanwa muri ako gace ku ngufu nyuma y’amezi make afashwe akanafungwa n’abasirikare b’Abaseribe.
Mu ibaza rinyomoza, Pašić yabajijwe n’Ubwunganizi bw’abaregwa kugira ngo busuzume bimwe mu byo yavuze mu buhamya bwanditse yatanze mu Ukuboza 2000, bugaragazwa aha.
Mu bibazo Pašić yabajijwe, harimo icyo kumenya niba, ahantu henshi muri ibyo bintu yanyuzemo, yarumvaga ko abasirikare b’Abaseribe babaga bagerageza kumurindira umutekano.
Pašić yasubije ko ari uko yabyumvaga.
Urubanza rwa Krajišnik (IT-00-39)
Urugereko rwa Mbere rw’Iremezo rwa TPIY rwasanze Momčilo Krajišnik, wahoze ari umwe mu bategetsi b’Abaseribe bo muri Bosiniya, ahamwa n’ibyaha byari bikubiyemo kwimura ku ngufu ibihumbi byinshi by’Abayisiramu n’abasivire b’Abakorowate, harimo abagore, abana, abantu bashaje.
Mu Nyandiko y’urubanza mu rw’iremezo, havugwamo ko kuva ku itariki ya 18 Werurwe kugera ku ya 30 Ukuboza 1992, ingabo z’Abaseribe zagabye ibitero ku Bayisiramu no ku Bakorowate bari batuye mu migi, mu nsisiro no mu midugudu mu turere 35 two muri Bosiniya na Herizegovina, tutagiraga abaturwanirira kandi tutanarangwagamo ahantu hibasirwaga n’ibitero bya gisirikare. Urugereko rwa Mbere rw’Iremezo rwasanze Abayisiramu n’Abakorowate baragiriwe nabi bakanicwa n’abasirikare b’Abaseribe bo muri Bosiniya. Akenshi abagabo barafatwaga bakajyanwa mu magereza, naho abagore n’abana bakirukanwa mu mago yabo ku ngufu bagafungwa cyangwa bagategekwa kuva mu mugi bari batuyemo. Mu magereza menshi aho Abayisiramu n’Abakorowate babaga bafungiwe bari bafite imibereho mibi cyane bikabije, nta byo kurya bihagije, nta mazi, imiti cyangwa ibikoresho by’isuku. Kenshi abafungwa barakubitwaga kandi rimwe na rimwe bagasambanywa ku gahato n’abasirikare b’Abaseribe. Abafungwa benshi barahakomerekeye, bahungabana ku mubiri no mu mutwe kandi baranaharwarira. Ibyo byaviriyemo abafungwa benshi gupfa. Byongeye kandi, abafungwa benshi bishwe bigambiriwe n’abantu bitwaraga gisirikare, abaporisi cyangwa n’abandi basirikare b’Abaseribe.
Krajišnik yahamijwe ibyaha by’itoteza, kumenesha no kwimura ku ngufu abasivire batari Abaseribe nk’ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu. Urugereko rw’Ubujurire rwemeje ibyo byemezo by’Urugereko rwa Mbere rw’Iremezo byamuhamije ibyaha.
5.
Amajwi yafashwe kuri kasete y’ikiganiro cya Radiyo RTLM cyo ku itariki ya 31 Gicurasi 1994 n’inyandukuro y’icyo kiganiro
- Nomero y’ikimenyetso gihamya: P103/18C
- Nomero y’inyandiko: 7900
- Itariki ikimenyetso cyakiriweho: 12 Nyakanga 2002
- Urubanza rwa: Nahimana na bagenzi be (Urubanza rwitiriwe itangazamakuru) (ICTR-99-52)
“Babeshye abana b’Abatutsi babizeza ibitangaza. Ejo nimugoroba, nagiye kureba akana k’inkotanyi kari kajugunywe mu mwobo wa metero 15. Kaje kubasha kuvamo, hanyuma kicishwa ubuhiri. Mbere yo gupfa, bagahase ibibazo gasubiza ko inkotanyi zabijeje ko zizabarihira amashuri kugera muri kaminuza. Nyamara, ibyo byashobora gukorwa umuntu atarinze gushyira mu kaga ubuzima bwe cyangwa atabanje kuyogoza igihugu. Ntitwumva rero iyo mitekerereze y’inkotanyi. Ntiziturusha intwaro, zaba into cyangwa inini. Byongeye kandi, turi benshi kuzirusha. Ndakeka ko zizashiraho niba zitisubiyeho.”
Ayo majwi y’ikiganiro yakuwe muri imwe mu makasete menshi yafatiweho ibiganiro bya radiyo RTLM yakiriwe na TPIR nk’ibimenyetso mu “rubanza rwitiriwe itangazamakuru” mu mwaka wa 2002. Porokireri yavuze ko guhamagarira abantu urwango n’urugomo bishingiye ku moko byari bimwe mu bintu by’ingenzi byari bigize umurongo ngenderwaho w’ibiganiro RTLM yahitishaga mu mwaka wa 1994.
Mu Nyandiko y’urubanza yo ku itariki ya 3 Ukuboza 2003, Urugereko rwa Mbere rw’Iremezo rwa TPIR rwasanze muri iki kiganiro nyirizina nta kigaragaza niba uwo mwana w’Umututsi yari afite intwaro cyangwa niba hari ingorane yashoboraga guteza. Rwanavuze ko mu kuvuga kuri urwo rupfu rubabaje rw’uwo mwana, umunyamakuru Kantano Habimana wa RTLM nta mpuhwe yagaragaje.
Urubanza rwa Nahimana na bagenzi be (Urubanza rwitiriwe itangazamakuru) (ICTR-99-52)
Urugereko rwa Mbere rw’Iremezo rwa TPIR rwasanze ibiganiro RTLM yahitishaga n’inyandiko zasohokaga mu kinyamakuru cya Kangura byarashishikarizaga rubanda, ku buryo butaziguye, gukora jenoside bibasira Abatutsi, harimo n’abana, mu Rwanda hose. Abantu batatu bahamijwe ibyaha na TPIR kubera ibikorwa bya RTLM na Kangura: Ferdinand Nahimana, washinze RTLM kandi wari unayibereye umugenabitekerezo, Jean-Bosco Barayagwiza, umwe mu bantu bashinze ishyaka ry’Impuzamugambi ziharanira Repubulika (CDR), na Hassan Ngeze, umwanditsi mukuru w’ikinyamakuru Kangura.
Mu Nyandiko y’urubanza mu rw’iremezo, havugwamo ko RTLM na Kangura byitaga Abatutsi “abanzi”, harimo n’abana, hanyuma bakicwa. Mu guharabika Abatutsi nk’abantu b’abagome muri kamere yabo, bityo ko umuntu wese wo muri ubwo bwoko ari “umwanzi”, RTLM na Kangura byahamagariye rubanda gutsemba Abatutsi, abana babo n’abagore batwite abana b’Abatutsi mu rwego rwo guhangana n’ibibazo bya poritike bavugaga ko byaterwaga n’Abatutsi.
Urugereko rw’Ubujurire rwemeje ibyemezo byo mu rw’iremezo byari byarahamije icyaha Nahimana kubera guhamagarira abantu mu buryo butaziguye kandi mu ruhame gukora jenoside kubera ibiganiro RTLM yahitishije nyuma y’itariki ya 6 Mata 1994, n’itoteza nk’icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu. Rwanemeje ibyemezo byo mu rw’iremezo byari byarahamije icyaha Barayagwiza kubera jenoside, itsembatsemba n’itoteza nk’ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu. Hanyuma, Urugereko rw’Ubujurire rwemeje ibyemezo byo mu rw’iremezo byari byarahamije icyaha Ngeze kubera gushyigikira ikorwa rya jenoside muri Gisenyi, guhamagarira abantu mu buryo butaziguye kandi mu ruhame gukora jenoside binyuze mu nyandiko yatangazaga muri Kangura mu mwaka wa 1994 no gushyigikira itsembatsemba nk’icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu.
6.
Iperereza ry’Ibiro bya Porokireri wa TPIY ku mabombe yarashwe kuri Alipašino Polje ku itariki ya 22 Mutarama 1994
- Nomero y’ikimenyetso gihamya: P3281F
- Nomero y’inyandiko: 38574
- Itariki ikimenyetso cyakiriweho: 6 Gicurasi 2002
- Urubanza rwa: Galić (IT-98-29)
“Twarimo dukina ku tuntu tugenda ku rubura nuko tuba twumvise amabombe agwa. Twumvaga aturikiye hafi kubera urusaku rukaze rw’amabombe, nuko tugira ubwoba dutangira guhunga. Tutaragera ariko ku marembo y’inyubako, ikibombe cyahise kigwa inyuma yacu. Cyahitanye Daniel Juranić, kinkomeretsa ku mutwe, ku kuguru no ku kuboko, kinakomeretsa Admir n’Elvir.”
Umutangabuhamya Muhamed Kapetanović yari afite imyaka 10 ku itariki ya 22 Mutarama 1994 agace yari atuyemo, k’ahitwa Alipašino Polje muri Sarajevo, muri Bosiniya na Herizegovina, kasutsweho ibibombe ubwo yarimo akina na bagenzi be ku rubura.
Kapetanović yatanze ubuhamya muri TPIY avuga ko kwa muganga bamubaze ku kuguru incuro zirindwi kandi ko yamaze imyaka ibiri mu gihugu cy’u Butaliyani ahavurirwa ibikomere bikomeye yari afite. Iyi videwo yerekanwa aha yakozwe n’Ibiro bya Porokireri hashize imyaka igera kuri irindwi nyuma y’iraswa ry’ayo mabombe, mu mwaka wa 2001, ubwo Kapetanović yari afite imyaka 17 y’amavuko. Muri iyi videwo, Kapetanović yerekana ahantu we na bagenzi be barimo bakinira amabombe ataratangira kwisuka, ahantu bombe yaguye ku butaka, ahantu yakomeretse n’icyerekezo yirukiyemo amabombe atangiye kwisuka.
Urubanza rwa Galić (IT-98-29)
Uru rubanza rwari rwerekeranye n’ibintu byabaye muri Sarajevo no mu duce tuyikikije, kuva muri Nzeri 1992 kugera muri Kanama 1994. Urugereko rwa Mbere rw’Iremezo rwa TPIY rwahamije Stanislav Galić, komanda w’ingabo z’Abaseribe bo muri Bosiniya, icyaha kijyanye no kuba yarayoboye ibitero byibasiye abasivire. Ibyo yabikoze ahanini agambiriye gukwirakwiza iterabwoba mu baturage ba Sarajevo.
Urugereko rwa Mbere rw’Iremezo rwasanze, ku buryo budashidikanywaho, abasivire b’i Sarajevo baribasiwe n’ibitero by’ingabo z’Abaseribe bo muri Bosiniya. Abatangabuhamya batanze ubuhamya bavuga ko bagabweho ibitero byinshi mu duce bari batuyemo, ndetse bakanagabwaho ibitero bari mu mihango yo gushyingura abapfuye, bari mu mamodoka y’imbangukiragutabara, mu mamodoka atwara abagenzi nk’ayitwa taramu, amabisi, cyangwa se bagenda ku magare. Banagabwegaho ibitero bari mu mirima bahinga, bari mu masoko bahaha cyangwa bakora imirimo yo gusukura umugi. Abana bagabwagaho ibitero barimo bakina cyangwa bagenda mu mihanda y’imigenderano.
Galić yahamijwe ibyaha by’ibikorwa by’urugomo, ahanini byari bigamije gukwirakwiza iterabwoba mu baturage, icyaha cy’ubuhotozi n’ibindi bikorwa birenze kamere nk’ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu. Urugereko rw’Ubujurire rwemeje ibyemezo by’Urugereko rwa Mbere rw’Iremezo byari byamuhamije ibyaha.
Abana nk’abakoze ibyaha
Muri Sitati ya TPIY cyangwa iya TPIR, ntihavugwamo ko ububasha bw’izo nkiko bugomba kugarukira ku bantu bari bafite imyaka 18 cyangwa bari bayirengeje igihe ibyaha byakorewe.
Cyakora, nta bana barezwe muri TPIY cyangwa TPIR nk’abakoze ibyaha.
7.
Ubuhamya bwanditse PW38 yatanze mu cyongereza: Brent Beardsley
- Nomero y’ikimenyetso gihamya: DB72A
- Nomero y’inyandiko: 9638
- Itariki ikimenyetso cyakiriweho: 4 Gashyantare 2004
- Urubanza rwa: Bagosora na bagenzi be (Urubanza rwitiriwe Abasirikare I) (ICTR-98-41)
“Ndibuka ko narebye hepfo, hari umugore wari wagerageje kurengera uruhinja rwe. Hari umuntu wari wamukuyeho urwo ruhinja rwe. Urwo ruhinja rwari rukiri ruzima rugerageza konka amabere ya nyina.”
Majoru Brent Beardsley yatanze ubuhamya muri TPIR mu “Rubanza rwitiriwe abasirikare I” avuga ku byo yiboneye ubwo yari mu Rwanda mu mwaka wa 1993 no mu wa 1994 ubwo yari umunyamabanga wihariye wa Jenerari Roméo Dallaire mu Ngabo z’Umuryango w’Abibumbye zishinzwe kubungabunga amahoro mu Rwanda (MINUAR). Majoru Beardsley yatanze ubuhamya ku bintu binyuranye, harimo ubuhamya ku byo yiboneye incuro ebyiri hicwa abana n’izindi mpunzi.
Mu buhamya bwe, Majoru Beardsley yavuze ko ubwa mbere yabonye imirambo y’abana bari banizwe mu misozi yo mu karere k’ibirunga mu majyaruguru y’iburengerazuba bw’u Rwanda mu ntangiriro z’Ukuboza 1993. Majoru Beardsley yavuze kandi ko, ku ncuro ya kabiri, yageze kuri Paruwase ya Gikondo muri Perefegitura ya Kigali ku itariki ya 9 Kamena 1994 agasanga akayira kerekezaga kuri paruwase kuzuyemo imirambo y’abana, naho mu kiriziya ubwaho harimo imirambo irenga 150.
Inyandiko y’ubuhamya ivugwa aha, hamwe n’ubuhamya Majoru Beardsley yatangiye mu Rukiko, yakoreshejwe n’Ubwunganizi bw’Aloys Ntabakuze mu guhakana ibyo Porokireri yavugaga ko batayo y’abaparakomando, yari iyobowe na Ntabakuze icyo gihe, yarimo ikorera muri ako gace mu gihe ubwicanyi bwo kuri Paruwase ya Gikondo bwabaga. Urugereko rwa Mbere rw’Iremezo rwa TPIR rwasanze ubwo buhamya bushinja butagaragaza bihagije ko abasirikare bo muri batayo y’abaparakomando bagize uruhare muri icyo gitero.
Urubanza rwa Bagosora na bagenzi be (Urubanza rwitiriwe abasirikare I) (ICTR-98-41)
Urugereko rwa Mbere rw’Iremezo rwa TPIR rwasanze abasirikare bakuru batatu b’igisirikare cy’u Rwanda, Théoneste Bagosora, Aloys Ntabakuze n’Anatole Nsengiyumva, bahamwa n’ibyaha byerekeranye n’iyicwa ry’abantu bari bakomeye n’abanyaporitike batavugaga rumwe n’ubutegetsi mu Rwanda, ubwicanyi bwabereye ahantu hanyuranye mu gace ka Kigali no muri Perefegitura ya Gisenyi, n’iyicwa ry’abasirikare b’Ababiligi bo muri MINUAR babungabungaga amahoro bishwe nyuma yo kwamburwa intwaro. Uregwa wa kane, Gratien Kabiligi, yagizwe umwere ku byaha byose yaregwaga.
Abenshi mu bakorewe ibyaha bari abasivire b’Abatutsi biciwe mu mago yabo, ahantu abantu bari mu makuba bahungiraga nko mu nsengero no mu bigo by’amashuri, cyangwa ku mabariyeri mu nzira barimo bahungira aho hantu bitewe n’imirwano yubuye cyangwa ibindi bitero. Mu nyandiko y’urubanza mu rw’iremezo, hanavugwa ku buhamya bwatanzwe n’umwe mu batangabuhamya bashinja, wavuze ko “imirambo y’abana, yari yatemagujwe imihoro, yari yuzuye mu nzira inyura kuri iyo nyubako.”
Bagosora yahamijwe icyaha cya jenoside, ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu (ubuhotozi, itsembatsemba, itoteza, gusambanya ku gahato n’ibindi bikorwa birenze kamere muntu) n’ibyaha binyuranyije bikomeye n’Ingingo ya 3 ihuriweho n’Amasezerano y’i Jeneve hamwe n’Inyongera yayo ya 2 (ibikorwa byangiza ubuzima n’ibihungabanya agaciro k’umuntu). Ntabakuze yahamijwe icyaha cya jenoside, ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu (ubuhotozi, itsembatsemba, itoteza, n’ibindi bikorwa birenze kamere muntu) n’ibyaha binyuranyije bikomeye n’Ingingo ya 3 ihuriweho n’Amasezerano y’i Jeneve hamwe n’Inyongera yayo ya II (ibikorwa byangiza ubuzima). Nsengiyumva yahamijwe icyaha cya jenoside, ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu (itsembatsemba n’itoteza) n’ibikorwa byangiza ubuzima nk’ibyaha binyuranyije bikomeye n’Ingingo ya 3 ihuriweho n’Amasezerano y’i Jeneve hamwe n’Inyongera yayo ya II. Urugereko rw’Ubujurire rwemeje ibyemezo by’Urugereko rwa Mbere rw’Iremezo byahamije ibyaha abaregwa.
8.
Ibisobanuro byanditswe ku bimenyetso gihamya n’umutangabuhamya Berisha mu rukiko ku itariki ya 2 Gashyantare 2009 n’Igiti cy’amasano kigaragaza igice kimwe cy’umuryango wa Berisha
- Nomero y’ikimenyetso gihamya: P00275
- Nomero y’inyandiko: 300563
- Itariki ikimenyetso cyakiriweho: 4 Gashyantare 2009
- Urubanza rwa: Đorđević (IT-05-87/1)
“Abana banjye baraje nuko Altin arambwira ati “Mama, bankomerekeje”. Yarimo avirirana amaraso ku kuboko. Hanyuma aravuga ati “Mama, abaporisi bandashe ariko bampushije. Ibara ry’uruhu rwe ryari ryahindutse, yijimye. Umutima we warimo udihagura. Barasaga n’abana babaga barimo biruka bahunga. Bidatinze, hari abaporisi baje badutegeka kwinjira muri resitora yari aho. Harimo ameza, nuko twese twinjiramo. Badutegetse kwicara, nuko tukimara kwicara baratangira bararasa ubutitsa. Barashe amasasu menshi, bakoresheje imbunda zirasa urufaya.”
Umubare “1” mu ibara ritukura ku kimenyetso gihamya cyahawe nomero P00275, ifoto yafatiwe mu kirere y’akarere ka Suva Reka muri Kosovo, wanditsweho na Shyhrete Berisha yerekana aho we n’abavandimwe be, harimo n’abana be, bajyanywe muri resitora bakaraswa n’itsinda ry’abaporisi ku itariki ya 26 Werurwe 1999.
Mu buhamya bwe, Berisha avuga ko, ku bavandimwe be 31 bari kumwe na we muri iyo resitora uwo munsi, batatu ari bo bonyine barokotse. Muri abo bavandimwe be biciwe muri iyo resitora, 15 bari abana bafite imyaka 17 y’amavuko no munsi yayo. Umuto kurusha abandi muri abo bahiciwe, Eron, yari amaze amezi 10 avutse. Ikimenyetso gihamya cyahawe nomero P00272, igice cy’igishushanyo ndangamasano cy’umuryango wa Berisha, kigaragaza abari muri iyo resitora uwo munsi mu nyuguti z’ubururu kikanagaragaza imyaka y’amavuko ya buri umwe muri bo.
Urubanza rwa Đorđević (IT-05-87/1)
Vlastimir Đorđević, wahoze ari umuporisi mukuru mu giporisi cya Seribiya, yahamijwe ibyaha n’Urugereko rwa Mbere rw’Iremezo rwa TPIY kubera uruhare yagize mu mugambi mubisha uhuriweho wari ugamije guhindura imibare y’abagize amoko atuye muri Kosovo kugira ngo ubwoko bw’Abaseribe abe ari bwo buganza ayandi muri icyo gihugu. Nk’uko bivugwa mu nyandiko y’urubanza mu rw’iremezo, mu rwego rwo gushyira mu bikorwa uwo mugambi, hashyizweho gahunda y’iterabwoba yasakaye hose n’ibikorwa by’urugomo byakorerwaga Abanyarubaniya bo muri Kosovo mu mwaka wa 1999, byari birimo ibyaha byo kubamenesha mu gihugu, ubuhotozi, ibindi bikorwa birenze kamere (kubimura ku ngufu aho bari batuye) n’itoteza.
Byongeye kandi, mu nyandiko y’urubanza mu rw’iremezo, hagaragaramo ko Đorđević yari azi ku buryo burambuye ibintu byabaye, kandi ko yagize uruhare rw’ingenzi mu kuyobora ibikorwa by’abasirikare bacungwaga na Minisiteri y’Ubutegetsi bw’igihugu ya Seribiya kimwe n’umurava bakoranye mu guhisha ibimenyetso by’ubwo bwicanyi bwibasiye Abanyarubaniya bo muri Kosovo. Urugereko rwa Mbere rw’Iremezo rwasanze kandi Đorđević ku giti cye yaragize uruhare rutaziguye mu gukoresha imitwe yitwaraga gisirikare mu buryo butemewe n’amategeko muri Kosovo, harimo abitwaga “Scorpions”, bagize uruhare rutaziguye mu kurasa abagore n’abana 19 b’Abanyarubaniya bo muri Kosovo mu karere ka Podujevo/Podujeve, bakicamo abantu 14.
Đorđević yahamijwe icyaha cyo kumenesha abantu mu gihugu, ibindi bikorwa birenze kamere (kwimura ku ngufu abantu aho bari batuye), ubuhotozi, itoteza rishigiye ku bwoko nk’ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu, n’ubuhotozi nk’icyaha cyo kunyuranya n’amategeko cyangwa n’umuco bikurikizwa mu ntambara. Urugereko rw’Ubujurire rwemeje ibyo byemezo byari byamuhamije icyaha mu rw’iremezo. Byongeye kandi, Urugereko rw’Ubujurire, mu kwemera impamvu y’ubujurire ya Porokireri, rwasanze Đorđević ahamwa n’icyaha cy’itoteza nk’icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu kubera ubugizi bwa nabi bushingiye ku gitsina yagiriye umukobwa w’Umunyarubaniya wo muri Kosovo, abagore babiri bakiri bato, n’abandi bagore babiri.
Reba n’ibindi
- Urubanza rwa: Đorđević (IT-05/87/1) (mu cyongereza)
- Ibisobanuro byanditswe ku bimenyetso gihamya n’umutangabuhamya Berisha mu rukiko ku itariki ya 2 Gashyantare 2009
- Igiti cy’amasano kigaragaza igice kimwe cy’umuryango wa Berisha
- Inyandikomvugo itari ibanga y’iburanisha ryo ku itariki ya 4 Gashyantare 2009 (mu cyongereza)
Ubukemuramanza bw’inkiko
Ubukemuramanza bwa TPIY n’ubwa TPIR bwagize uruhare mu gushimangira ukurindwa kw’abana mu gihe cy’intambara.
By’umwihariko, imanza zaciwe na TPIY na TPIR zafashe ko, mu igena ry’ibihano, kuba abakorewe ibyaha bari bakiri bato no kuba abana badashobora kwirwanaho kubera intege nke zabo bifatwa nk’impamvu nyongeragihano. Mu rubanza rwa Kunarac na bagenzi be, Urugereko rwa Mbere rw’Iremezo rwa TPIY rwasanze ko kuba bamwe mu bakorewe ibyaha bari bakiri bato (ahanini, bafite hagati y’imyaka 15 na 19) no kuba umwe mu bakorewe ibyaha yari muto cyane (yari afite hafi imyaka 12) byagombaga gufatwa nk’impamvu nyongeragihano. Mu rubanza rwa Blaškić, Urugereko rwa Mbere rw’Iremezo rwa TPIY rwasanze ko ukwibasirwa kw’abagore n’abana mu baturage rusange byagombaga gufatwa nk’impamvu nyongeragihano. Urugereko rwa Mbere rw’Iremezo rwa TPIR na rwo rwafashe icyemezo nk’icyo mu rubanza rwa Muhimana.
9.
Ifoto yafatiwe mu kirere ya sitade [n’ibitaro]
- Nomero y’ikimenyetso gihamya: P23
- Nomero y’inyandiko: 24
- Itariki ikimenyetso cyakiriweho: 11 Mata 1997
- Urubanza rwa: Kayishema na bagenzi be (ICTR-95-1)
Umutangabuhamya wiswe O yari umuganga wakoraga mu Bitaro bya Kibuye muri Perefegitura ya Kibuye, mu Rwanda, muri Mata no muri Gicurasi 1994. Mu buhamya bwe mu Rukiko, uyu mutangabuhamya avuga ko icyo gihe, abana b’Abatutsi 72 bari barokotse ubwicanyi bwabereye mu kigo cya Home Saint-Jean bajyanywe ku bitaro aho O yakoraga. Abo bana bari mu kigero cy’imyaka iri hagati y’umunani na 15 kandi banegekaye.
Mu buhamya bwe imbere ya TPIR, O yavuze ko ku itariki ya 3 Gicurasi 1994 yagiye mu nama yarimo abategetsi ba Reta aho yagaragaje impungenge ku mutekano w’abo bana bari mu bitaro nyuma y’aho Interahamwe zari zashatse kubagirira nabi. Muri iyo nama, Minisitiri w’Itangazamakuru yamutonganyije kubera izo mpungenge yagize hanyuma yumvikanisha ko abo bana bafatwaga nk’abanzi. Ageze ku bitaro avuye muri iyo nama, O yahise amenya ko abo bana basohowe mu bitaro ku ngufu bakicwa.
Ifoto, yafatiwe mu kirere yerekanwa aha, iriho sitade yo mu mugi wa Kibuye, ahapfiriye ibihumbi by’abagabo, abagore n’abana, n’ibitaro bya Kibuye, biri inyuma gato ya Sitade.
Urubanza rwa Kayishema na bagenzi be (ICTR-95-1)
Uru rubanza rwari rwerekeranye n’ubwicanyi bwabereye muri Perefegitura ya Kibuye kuva muri Mata kugera muri Kamena 1994 kuri Sitade, ku Kiriziya y’Abanyagatorika no mu kigo cya Home Saint-Jean mu mugi wa Kibuye, ku rusengero rwa Mubuga, no mu gace ka Bisesero. Urugereko rwa Mbere rw’Iremezo rwa TPIR rwahamije icyaha Clément Kayishema, wari Perefe wa Kibuye, na Obed Ruzindana, wari umucuruzi, kubera ibyabereye aho hantu.
Urugereko rwa mbere rw’iremezo rwasanze abagabo, abagore n’abana b’Abatutsi benshi barahunze ubwicanyi bwarimo bukorwa muri Perefegitura ya Kibuye. By’umwihariko, abantu bagera ku bihumbi 8 bahungiye muri icyo kigo, hagati y’ibihumbi 5 na 27 bahungira muri sitade, naho abari hagati y’ibihumbi 4 na 5.500 bahungira mu rusengero rwa Mubuga. Ababarirwa mu bihumbi mirongo bahungiye mu gace ka Bisesero. Rwanzuye ko usibye no kuba harishwe Abatutsi “batagira ingano”, ikindi kigaragara ni uko ubwicanyi bwakozwe “nta kuvangura igitsina cyangwa imyaka y’amavuko. Abagabo, abagore, abasaza n’abakecuru n’abakiri bato bishwe nta kubabarira. Abana biciwe mu maso y’ababyeyi babo n’abagore basambanywa ku gahato mu maso y’abantu bo mu miryango yabo. Nta Mututsi baretse, habe n’uwari ufite intege nke cyangwa umugore utwite.”
Urugereko rwa mbere rw’Iremezo rwemeye kandi nk’ikimenyetso inyandukuro y’amagambo y’imwe mu “ndirimbo z’itsembatsemba” yaririmbwaga n’abari mu mitwe y’Abahutu yitwaraga gisirikare. Iyo ndirimbo yashishikarizaga abagabaga ibitero kutagira n’umuntu ushaje n’umwe basiga ndetse n’impinja kubera ko Paul Kagame (icyo gihe wari uyoboye ingabo za FPR) yari yaravuye mu Rwanda ari umwana.
Kayishema yahamijwe ibyaha bine bya jenoside. Ruzindana yahamijwe icyaha kimwe cya jenoside. Urugereko rw’Ubujurire rwemeje ibyo byemezo by’Urugereko rwa Mbere rw’Iremezo byari byahamije icyaha abaregwa.
10.
Videwo yerekana inkambi y’abarokotse ubwicanyi bwabereye i Srebrenica
- Nomero y’ikimenyetso gihamya: P386
- Nomero y’inyandiko: 83677
- Itariki ikimenyetso cyakiriweho: 26 Nyakanga 2000
- Urubanza rwa: Krstić (IT-98-33)
“Uburyo bw’imibereho? Sinavuga ko byari uburyo bw’imibereho kubera ko nta mibereho yari muri iyo nkambi. Nk’uko mwabibonye, baba mu twumba duto, duto rwose. Nta mibereho bwite bagiraga, mbese nta buryo busanzwe bukwiye bari bafite, cyane cyane ku bana, bwo gukuriramo muri iyo nkambi.”
Ubwo yatangaga ubuhamya bwe muri Nyakanga 2000 muri TPIY, Jasna Zečević yari umuyobozi mukuru wa Vive Žene, umuryango udaharanira inyungu washyiriweho gufasha mu isanamitima ku bagore n’abana bahohotewe kubera intambara. Mu buhamya bwe, Zečević yavuze ku bibazo abagore n’abana bahuye na byo nyuma yo guhura n’ihahamuka batewe n’intambara, n’urugamba barwanye rwo kongera gusubira mu mirimo y’ibanze y’ubuzima mu gihe bari mu makambi y’impunzi.
Iyi videwo, yakozwe muri Kamena 2000 mu gihe cy’iperereza rya Porokireri, yerekana inkambi ya Špionica muri Srebrenica, ho muri Bosniya na Herizegovina, icyo gihe yarimo abantu bagera kuri 500 mu mazu 20. Nk’uko Zečević abivuga muri iyi videwo, buri muryango w’abantu bane cyangwa batanu wahabwaga icyumba kimwe muri imwe muri ayo mazu, naho ubwiherero n’igikoni bakabihuriraho n’abandi.
Urubanza rwa Krstić (IT-98-33)
Uru rubanza rwari rwerekeranye n’ibintu byabereye i Srebrenica hagati ya Nyakanga n’Ugushyingo 1995. Radislav Krstić, komanda w’umutwe w’ingabo z’Abaseribe bo muri Bosiniya witwaga Drina Corps, yahamijwe ibyaha bijyanye n’ishimutwa ry’abagore, abana n’abantu bashaje b’Abanyabosiniya mu karere ka Srebrenica, n’iyicwa riri kuri gahunda ry’abagabo n’abahungu b’Abayisiramu ibihumbi 7 bo muri Bosiniya nyuma y’aho ingabo z’Abaseribe bo muri Bosiniya zigaruriye Srebrenica.
Mu gusubiramo urwo rubanza, Urugereko rw’Ubujurire rwa TPIY rwasanze Krstić yari azi ko ubwicanyi bwarimo bukorwa kandi ko yemereye itsinda ry’abofisiye bari bagize urwego rukuru rw’igisirikare cy’Abaseribe bo muri Bosiniya gukoresha abasirikare n’ibikoresho yari ashinzwe kugira ngo yorohereze abakoraga ubwo bwicanyi. Urugereko rw’Ubujurire rwasanze ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gushyigikira mu gukora icyaha cya jenoside, gushyigikira ubuhotozi bifatwa nk’icyaha cyo kunyuranya n’amategeko cyangwa n’umuco bikurikizwa mu ntambara, gushyigikira itsembatsemba n’itoteza nk’ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu, itoteza n’ubuhotozi nk’icyaha cyo kunyuranya n’amategeko cyangwa n’umuco bikurikizwa mu ntambara.
Umucamanza Theodor Meron, Perezida wa MICT:
"Bitewe n’uko abana n’abandi basivire bakomeza kugenda bibasirwa n’ibikorwa by’urugomo biri kuri gahunda mu ntambara ku isi yose, tugomba kwibuka akamaro ko gukora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo amategeko mpuzamahanga arengera abantu mu gihe cy’intambara yubahirizwe, kubera ko ayo mategeko arengera abantu badafite uruhare mu ntambara, harimo n’abana. Inkiko mpuzamahanga mpanabyaha zagize uruhare rw’ingenzi mu gushimangira urwego amategeko mpuzamahanga arengera abantu mu gihe cy’intambara agomba gukoreshwamo n’aho agomba kugarukira no mu gusobanura neza ko abatubahirije ayo mategeko bagomba kubiryozwa"


text:
Amakuru mashya: ibiro bishya by’Ishami ry’Arusha byatashywe ku mugaragaro ku itariki ya 25 Ugushyingo mu muhango wayobowe na Nyakubahwa Samia Suluhu Hassan, Visi Perezida wa Repubulika Yunze Ubumwe ya Tanzaniya. Itangazo rigenewe abanyamakuru
Muri raporo ye yo ku itariki ya 16 Mutarama 2013 yageneye Inteko Rusange, Umunyamabanga Mukuru w’Umuryango w’Abibumbye yashimangiye ko imiterere yihariye y’ibisabwa birebana na gahunda, imikorere n’umutekano bya MICT byatumye biba ngombwa ko hubakwa ibiro bishya by’Ishami ryayo ry’Arusha, aho icyicaro cya TPIR kiri.
Guverinoma ya Repubulika Yunze Ubumwe ya Tanzaniya yemeye gutanga ku buntu ahantu hazubakwa ibiro bya MICT, no kuhageza ibikorwaremezo n’ibindi bintu by’ibanze bizahakenerwa.
Ahantu heza kurusha ahandi hatoranyijwe ni ahitwa Lakilaki, mu nkengero z’umugi w’Arusha n’ikibuga cy’indege cyawo.
Iyo nyubako izubakwa ku buryo ijyana neza n’imiterere idahanamye cyane y’ako gasozi. Uruhande rutariho amazu rw’iyo mbuga, izengurutswe n’amazu ku zindi mpande eshatu, ruzatuma Umusozi wa Meru uri mu majyaruguru ugaragara neza. Imbata y’iyo nyubako muri rusange igaragaza kamere nyirizina ya MICT, ni ukuvuga urwego rwibona nk’icyitegererezo rukoresha abakozi bake, rudasesagura kandi rutunganya neza imirimo yo gutanga ubutabera mpanabyaha bwo mu rwego mpuzamahanga. Ayo mazu atatu si manini cyane kandi imyubakire yayo iteye ku buryo uwashaka kuyihindura bitamugora, bityo akaba yahindurwa bitewe n’inshingano zidahoraho za MICT. Ibyo bikaba bihuje n’intumbero y’Inama Ishinzwe Amahoro ku Isi yo kugira MICT urwego ruto rudahoraho, rukora neza kandi rudasesagura.
Uyu mushinga wubahiriza imikorere myiza ngenderwaho mu bwubatsi bwateye imbere mu guhanga imbata z’inyubako no kubaka mu buryo bwubahiriza ibidukikije. Ibi bizatuma imikoreshereze y’amashanyarazi, amazi n’ibindi biyagendaho bigabanuka, bityo amafaranga azagenda kuri ayo mazu mu gihe kirambye n’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere bizagabanuke. Ibyo kandi bizagabanya imyanda ikomoka ku mirimo y’ubwubatsi binateze imbere imigenzo myiza ikurikizwa mu bwubatsi bwo mu karere.
Iyo nyubako izaba yujuje ibisabwa byose n’Amasezerano ku burenganzira bw’ababana n’ubumuga. Abantu bose bazashobora kugera mu bice byose by’iyo nyubako no kubyinjiramo, by’umwihariko abashakashatsi na rubanda rusanzwe, harimo n’ababana n’ubumuga bw’ingingo z’umubiri, ubwo kutumva, kutabona cyangwa ubwo mu bwonko.
Kurangiza uyu mushinga bizafata imyaka igera kuri ine, naho amafaranga azawutangwaho muri rusange azaba akabakaba amadorari y’Abanyamerika 8 700 000.


text:
Inzira y’ihererekanyamakuru rya radiyo
Yashyizweho ibisobanuro n’umutangabuhamya witwa Ðuro Rodić
Ikimenyetso gihamya No IDIC00120
12 Kamena 2007
Urubanza Porokireri aburana na Vujadin Popović na bagenzi be, IT-05-88
Umutangabuhamya ushinjura witwa Ðuro Rodić yatanze ubuhamya mu Rukiko nk’impuguke ku bibazo byerekeranye n’uburyo hafashwe amajwi mu ibanga amakuru yahererekanywaga hakoreshejwe itumanaho rya radiyo mu ngabo za Republika Srpska, Bosiniya na Herizegovina.
Mu buhamya bwe mu Rukiko, Rodić yakoresheje iki gishushanyo agira ngo asobanure ibyerekeranye n’inzira y’ihererekanyamakuru hakoreshejwe radiyo.
Rodić yashushanyije imirongo ihese mu ibara ry’icyatsi kibisi mu gice cyo hagati mu gishushanyo, agira ngo agaragaze ko imivumba y’amajwi igomba kugenda nta nkomyi hagati y’ahantu habiri hari ibikoresho byohererezanya amajwi, haba mu nzira imivumba y’amajwi inyuramo, hasi cyangwa hejuru y’iyo nzira.


text:
Ikigo cya gisirikare cya Gisenyi
Cyashushanyijwe n’umutangabuhamya wiswe RO-1
Ikimenyetso gihamya No D. NS99
28 Nyakanga 2005
Urubanza Porokireri aburana na Théoneste Bagosora na bagenzi be (Urubanza rwitiriwe abasirikare I), ICTR-98-41
Iki ni igishushanyo kigaragaza Ikigo cya gisirikare cya Gisenyi muri Gisenyi, Rwanda, aho Anatole Nsengiyumva, umwe mu baregwa mu rubanza rwa Bagosora na bagenzi be, yari komanda muri Mata 1994.
Iki gishushanyo cyashushanyijwe n’umutangabuhamya ushinjura wiswe RO-1 kandi acyifashisha mu buhamya yatangiye mu Rukiko agaragaza ikigo Nsengiyumva yayoboraga, inyubako bivugwa ko abasivire bateraniyemo nyuma y’urupfu rwa Perezida w’u Rwanda Juvénal Habyarimana, n’ahandi hantu h’ingenzi muri icyo kigo, akaba yaraherekanye yifashishije imibare yanditse mu ibara ritukura.
Atanga ubuhamya mu Rukiko, RO-1 yanditse inyuguti ya “P” kuri icyo gishushanyo agaragaza ahantu hari ikibuga cyaberagamo akarasisi aho Nsengiyumva yagejeje ijambo ku basirikare mu gitondo cyo ku itariki ya 7 Mata 1994, indege ya Habyarimana yaraye ihanuwe.


text:
Ikibaya cya Plavno
Cyashushanyijwe n’umutangabuhamya witwa Alun Roberts
Ikimenyetso gihamya No P690
21 Nyakanga 2008
Urubanza rw’Ante Gotovina na bagenzi be, IT-06-90
Umutangabuhamya ushinja witwa Alun Roberts yari umukozi wari ushinzwe itangazamakuru n’itumanaho mu karere k’amajyepfo kari karinzwe n’Umuryango w’Abibumbye muri Knin, Croatia, kuva hagati muri Nzeri 1993 kugera hagati mu Ukwakira 1995. Uyu mutangabuhamya avuga ko yashushanyije iki gishushanyo ku itariki ya 25 Kanama 1995, ubwo yari mu nzira agana mu rusisiro rwa Zečevići, mu majyaruguru ya Knin, ajya kubonana n’abaturage na Porisi ya Croatia.
Ibyo yabikoze ubwo we n’abandi bari bagize itsinda ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye bari “batangajwe” no “kubona, ku buryo butunguranye,” umurongo w’amamodoka 11 cyangwa 12 ahagaze kandi nta bantu bayarimo, bakaba baraketse ko yari ay’imitwe yihariye ya Porisi yari aparitse iruhande rw’umuhanda mu kibaya cya Plavno (Hagaragazwa n’urukurikirane rw’utuzu twa mpande enye dushushanyije iruhande rw’umuhanda uri ku ruhande rw’ibumoso rw’ikarita). Nta n’umwe mu baje muri ayo mamodoka wagaragaraga aho ngaho.
Mu buhamya bwe mu Rukiko, Roberts avuga ko bamaze kugera i Zečevići, humvikanye urusaku rw’amasasu yavugiraga mu rusisiro rwa Grubori, hakurya y’ikibaya cya Plavno. Ako kanya bahise babona umwotsi utangiye kuzamuka hejuru y’urwo rusisiro. Mu buhamya bwanditse yatanze, Roberts avuga ko we na bagenzi be bari kumwe bo mu itsinda ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye bahise bajya i Grubori gukora iperereza no kureba ibyari byangijwe. Bageze hafi y’urwo rusisiro, bahuye n’abagore benshi bamanuka birukanka mu kayira batakamba bagira bati “abasirikare baje, abasirikare baje”. Nyuma yaho, bagaruka bongeye kunyura ha handi hari haparitse amamodoka ari ku murongo, basanga amwe muri yo yamaze kugenda.


text:
Ikigo cya Kanombe n'inkengero zacyo
Byashushanyijwe n'umutangabuhamya wiswe GS
Ikimenyetso gihamya No P81
2 Gashyantare 2006
Urubanza Porokireri aburana na Augustin Ndindiliyimana na bagenzi be (Urubanza rwitiriwe abasirikare II), ICTR-00-56
Iki ni igishushanyo kigaragaza Ikigo cya Kanombe, muri Kigali, Rwanda, n'inkengero zacyo mu mwaka wa 1994. Cyashushanyijwe n'umutangabuhamya ushinja wiswe GS, wahoze mu Ngabo z'u Rwanda.
GS avuga ko yumvise urusaku rw'ikintu giturika cyane n'urusaku rw'amasasu bivugira mu cyerekezo cy'urugo rwa Perezida Juvénal Habyarimana ku itariki ya 6 Mata 1994, ijoro indege yari itwaye Perezida Juvénal Habyarimana yahanuwemo.
Mu buhamya bwe, GS yakoresheje iki gishushanyo agaragaza ahantu Ikigo cya Kanombe cyari giherereye (Hagati kuri iki gishushanyo) n'urugo rwa Perezida Habyarimana (Nomero ya 8 kuri iki gishushanyo), hamwe n'inzira GS yanyuzemo (igaragazwa n'ibara ry'umutuku) ubwo yajyaga gukora iperereza aho hantu ku itariki ya 7 Mata 1994.


text:
Kiriziya ya Nyange
Yashyizweho ibisobanuro n’umutangabuhamya wiswe CBY
Ikimenyetso gihamya No P49
8 Nzeri 2009
Urubanza Porokireri aburana na Gaspard Kanyarukiga, ICTR-02-78
Iki ni igishushanyo cya kiriziya ya Paruwase ya Nyange muri Komine ya Kivumu, Perefegitura ya Kibuye, mu Rwanda. Kuva ku itariki ya 13 kugera ku ya 16 Mata 1994, abagabaga ibitero bitwaje intwaro bagabye ibitero kuri iyo kiriziya yarimo impunzi z’Abatutsi.
Umutangabuhamya ushinja wiswe CBY avuga ko abantu barenga ibihumbi bibiri bahungiye muri iyo kiriziya ku itariki ya 15 Mata 1994 nyuma yo kugotwa no kugabwaho igitero n’Abahutu bari mu bitero bitwaje intwaro, barimo n’abaporisi bo muri Komine ya Kivumu. Mu buhamya bwe mu Rukiko, CBY yanditse inyuguti ya “P” ku rugi rwa kiriziya rw’inyuma kandi yemeza ko impunzi zanyuze muri urwo rugi ubwo zinjiraga muri iyo kiriziya.
CBY yavuze ko ubwo impunzi zari zimaze kwifungiranamo, iyo kiriziya yagabweho igitero n’abagabaga ibitero bakoresheje amagerenade kandi kiriziya irasenywa hakoreshejwe tingatinga, bityo birangira Abatutsi bose bari muri iyo kiriziya biciwemo.


text:
Ikigo cya Keraterm
Cyashushanyijwe n’umutangabuhamya witwa Jusuf Arifagić
Ikimenyetso gihamya No S277B
28 Kanama 2002
Urubanza Porokireri aburana na Milomir Stakić, IT-97-24
Iki gishushanyo cyashushanyijwe n’umutangabuhamya ushinja witwa Jusuf Arifagić, wafungiwe mu kigo cya Keraterm muri Bosiniya na Herizegovina muri Kamena 1992.
Jusuf Arifagić yakoresheje iki gishushanyo mu Rukiko agira ngo agaragaze ahantu hatatu hari hashinze imbunda za mitarayeze muri icyo kigo: iya mbere yari ishinze imbere y’Icyumba cya 1, iya kabiri iri ibumoso bw’umusarani, naho indi ikaba yari ahantu handitse amagambo “mitarayeze n’itara byakoreshejwe mu bwicanyi bwabereye mu Cyumba cya 3”.
Mu buhamya bwe mu Rukiko, Arifagić yavuze ko hari ikosa ku gishushanyo: Icyumba cya 3 cyagombye kuba kiri ahari umusarani naho umusarani ukaba ahari icyo Cyumba.