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Ni pariki ifatiye benshi runini kuko uretse kuba Abanyarwanda bayivomamo ubukungu buturuka ku byiza nyaburanga biyibamo, ni n’isoko y’ibyishimo ku banyamahanga bayisura bagamije kwirebera bimwe mu bigize urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima ruyibarizwamo.
Kuva mu 2005, buri mwaka mu Rwanda haba umunsi wo Kwita izina abana b’ingagi baba baravutse ndetse mu myaka 16, abana b’ingagi 328 bamaze kuyahabwa.
Ni ibikorwa biba bigamije kwerekana agaciro ingagi zifitiye igihugu no gushimira abaturage baturiye Pariki y’Ibirunga, abita ku bayigana n’abaganga bita ku ngagi.
IGIHE yagiranye ikiganiro cyihariye n’Umuyobozi wa Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga, Uwingeri Prosper agaruka ku ruhare rwayo mu iterambere ry’igihugu, ingamba zo kuyagura no kuyibungabunga n’ibindi.
Ubusanzwe Pariki y’Ibirunga ifite ubuso bwa Km2 450, buhuriweho n’ibihugu by’u Rwanda, RDC na Uganda yaje kwiyongeraho nyuma. Muri ubwo buso bwose, mu 1958 u Rwanda rwonyine rwari rwihariye Km2 338, ariko bwagiye bugabanuka bitewe n’uko abantu bayadukiriye, batangira gutema amashyamba, gushimuta inyamaswa no gutura mu bice byayo.
Pariki y’Ibirunga ikora ku birunga bitanu by’u Rwanda ari byo Kalisimbi, Bisoke, Sabyinyo, Gahinga na Muhabura.
Inyamaswa n’ibimera biyibarizwamo, bigenda bitandukana bitewe n’ubutumburuke cyangwa imiterere yorohereza buri kinyabuzima cyaho kuhaba nta nkomyi.
Muri iyi Pariki hagaragara amoko atandukanye y’amashyamba arimo ibiti kimeza, ibyatsi n’ibindi bimera by’amoko atandukanye bigenda birushaho kuba bigufi uko byegera buri gasongero k’ikirunga, kugeza ubwo ku dusongero twa bimwe mu Birunga nka Muhabura na Bisoke, hejuru ku gasongero muri ibyo byombi uhasanga ikiyaga gito.
Dusubire inyuma mu mateka…
Amateka agaragaza ko mu 1902, aribwo Umudage Captain Friedrich Robert von Beringe, yageze muri Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga ahuriramo n’inyamaswa atahise amenya iyo ariyo, kuko n’ubundi no mu mateka y’ibya siyansi nta muntu wari wakamenye ibiyerekeyeho.
Icyo gihe Von Beringei wari n’umusirikare yarashe inyamaswa, yohereza bimwe mu bice byayo i Berlin mu Budage ari nabwo abahanga basesenguye imiterere yayo byemezwa ko ari Ingagi, amateka yayo aba yiyanditse atyo.
Ingagi ikimara kuvumburwa, abashakashatsi mu birebana na zo ntibasibaga muri iyo Pariki, bituma mu 1967, Umunyamerika w’umushakashatsi mu birebana n’ibidukikije, Diana Fossey, wamenyekanye mu Rwanda ku izina rya Nyiramacibiri, na we atangira gukora ubushakashatsi ku ngagi.
Pariki y’Ibirunga yemejwe bwa mbere mu 1925. Icyo gihe cyari igice gikora ku Birunga bya Kalisimbi, Bisoke na Mikeno, ndetse abashakashatsi bavuga ko ariyo Pariki Nkuru y’Igihugu yashinzwe bwa mbere ku Mugabane wa Afurika.
Uko imyaka yagiye ishira, ni nako ubuso bw’iyo pariki bwagurwaga ndetse mu 1929 yakoraga ku gice cy’uruhande rw’u Rwanda na Congo Mbiligi y’icyo gihe ariyo Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo y’ubu.
Abakoloni b’Ababiligi bakoronizaga ibyo bihugu byombi bamaze kuyagurira ku buso bwa Km² 8090 bayihaye izina rya Parc National d’Albert, dore ko ari nabo bayicungaga. Kuyicunga kwabo bishingiye ku kuba bari bamaze kubona ko urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima biyirimo ruhishe ubukungu bwinshi.
Ubwo mu 1960 Congo (iyahoze ari Zaïre) yabonaga ubwigenge, ndetse n’u Rwanda rukaza kububona mu 1962, Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga yari ihuriweho n’ibyo bihugu byombi yacitsemo ibice bibiri, buri gihugu gitangira kubungabunga uruhande rwacyo.
Urugendo rwo gucunga no kubungabunga pariki
Ubusanzwe Pariki y’Ibirunga ikora ku Ntara z’Amajyaruguru n’Uburengerazuba, mu Turere twa Musanze, Burera, Nyabihu na Rubavu. Imirenge ikora kuri iyi pariki yose hamwe ni 12 ari naho ibikorwa byo kubungabunga pariki byibanda.
Uwingeri avuga ko mu 2000, aribwo hakozwe gahunda y’igihe kirekire yo gucunga no kubungabunga pariki, aho muri icyo gihe abasura pariki babarizwaga muri 4000 mu mwaka.
Mu 2005 ni bwo hashyizweho gahunda y’ibikorwa bya Pariki [Management Plan], ari nabwo hatangiye ibikorwa byo kwamamaza ubukerarugendo bigendanye na gahunda ya leta yo kubuteza imbere.
Muri iyo myaka ni bwo abakerarugendo batangiye kwiyongera bagera kuri 7000, imiryango y’Ingagi icyo gihe yari umunani. Muri rusange ibikorwa by’ubukerarugendo byari bitangiye kwaguka no kwinjiriza akayabo igihugu muri rusange.
Uwingeri ati “Iyo urebye rero mu myaka navuga wenda nka 20 ishize, hajeho ibikorwa byo kwamamaza ubukerarugendo, tuva muri iyo myaka ya 2005, ari abakerarugendo bake ariko ubu mbere ya Covid-19, twari tugeze mu bakerarugendo hafi ibihumbi 35 ku mwaka.”
“Wajya no kureba ku mutungo uturuka ku bukerarugendo icyo gihe, menya na miliyoni y’amadorali itarageragaho, ariko ubu mbere ya Covid-19 iyi pariki yari igeze aho yinjiza hafi miliyoni $26.”
Uwingeri agaragaza ko ibikorwa by’ubukerarugendo n’ababigiramo uruhare; ni ukuvuga abafite amahoteli, restaurants, abatwara ba mukerarugendo, abacuruza ibyo bakenera n’abandi bariyongereye cyane.
Ati “Twebwe rero twishimira ibintu nka bibiri; twabonye pariki ibungabunzwe neza noneho n’imiryango y’ingagi iriyongera. Ubu zavuye kuri 380 ubu ibarura riheruka 2016 ryagaragaje ko muri aka gace harimo ingagi 604.”
Kuva mu 2005, abaturage baturiye Pariki y’Ibirunga basaranganyijwe ibiva mu musaruro w’ubukerarugendo. Kuva icyo gihe hari imishinga myinshi yatewe inkunga, irimo iyubakwa ry’amashuri, inzu zubakiwe abatishoboye, kubaka amavuriro, guteza imbere ubworozi, ubuvumvu n’ubukorikori.
Ubwo gahunda yo gusaranganya inyungu z’ibiva mu bukerarugendo yatangiraga, abaturage bo mu mirenge 12 ikora kuri Pariki y’Ibirunga bagenerwaga inyungu y’amafaranga angana na 5% buri mwaka ariko yarongerewe aba 10%.
Mu myaka 16, nibura miliyari 6.5 Frw zashowe mu mishinga 780 ifitiye akamaro abaturage. Irimo iy’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi no gutunganya urukuta n’umusingi bikumira inyamaswa zonera abaturage no gushyigikira Ikigega gishinzwe indishyi ku byangizwa n’inyamaswa za Pariki.
Uwingeri yavuze ko ukwiyongera kw’amafaranga y’ubukerarugendo kujyana n’izamuka ry’agenwa mu gusangira inyungu yabonetse.
Yagize ati “Tuyasangira mu Birunga ariko tunafasha n’izindi pariki zitinjiza amafaranga menshi nk’aya hano. Iyi pariki kuba irimo ingagi, zikaba zikurura ba mukerarugendo mu Rwanda, gukoresha ubushobozi bwayo tukishyura abaturage ibyangijwe n’inyamaswa, kugira amashyirahamwe y’abafatanyabikorwa mu baturage ari nabo bagenerwabikorwa, usanga tutavuga ko yatuzaniye umutungo gusa ahubwo yanatuzaniye no kubana neza n’abaturiye pariki barimo n’abahoze ari ba rushimusi kuko ubu ni bo batunzwe n’ibyiza bya pariki.”
Iterambere rya Musanze, amahoteli y’akataraboneka byashibutse ku Birunga
Abaturage bo muri aka gace ka pariki usanga harimo abatwaza ba mukerarugendo ibikapu, abakora ubucuruzi buciriritse, ababatwara mu modoka, abahawemo akazi ko kubayobora n’ibindi bikorwa bibagirira akamaro.
Ikindi kintu gikomeye ni uko abahoze mu bikorwa y’ubushimusi bw’inyamaswa no kwangiza Pariki mu bundi buryo, uko bagiye bigishwa bagiye bareka ibyo bikorwa, bayoboka indi mishinga ifite aho ihuriye no kubungabunga Pariki.
Ubu mu mashyirahamwe 70 ahuriyemo abakabakaba 4.000 barimo n’abahoze mu bushimusi, bashishikajwe n’ibikorwa by’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi mu makoperative. Ibyo binabafasha gukora ishoramari ku giti cyabo, bikunganira umusaruro ukomoka ku madevise ava mu bukerarugendo babona buri mwaka.
Uko umutungo ukomoka mu Birunga wiyongera ni ko bikurura ishoramari ritari iry’Abanyarwanda gusa, ahubwo n’abanyamahanga.
Uwingeri yabwiye IGIHE ko mu myaka ya 2000, muri aka gace ka Pariki y’Ibirunga habarizwaga hoteli imwe nayo itari ku rwego rushimishije ariko kugeza uyu munsi habayeho ubwiyongere bugaragarira bose.
Uyu munsi hamaze kubakwa amahoteli ari ku rwego mpuzamahanga arimo Singita, One&Only Gorilla Nest, Bisate Lodge, Sabyinyo Silverback Lodge n’izindi.
Ati “Hari ibyiciro bitandukanye by’amahoteli, hari iziri mu Kinigi harimo za hoteli nziza zakira ba mukerarugendo batanga amafaranga kandi bakatwereka agaciro k’Ingagi ariko bakanatubaza izindi gahunda zo gukomeza kuvuga ko iki cyanya atari umutungo wacu gusa ahubwo ni uw’Isi.”
Yakomeje agira ati “Ni cyo cyiza rero cy’iri shoramari rikomeye ry’iruhande rwa pariki.”
Uwingeri yavuze ko kuri ubu pariki igiye kwagurwa aho izava ku buso bwa hegitari 16.000 iriho uyu munsi hakazongerwaho ubuso bwa hegitari 3.740 mu rwego rwo guhangana n’ikibazo cy’ubwisanzure bucye ingagi zifite.
Kwagura Pariki y’igihugu y’Ibirunga, ni umushinga watekerejwe mu 2017, aho biteganyijwe ko uzatwara miliyoni 200$, asaga miliyari 198 Frw.
Iyi pariki iri mu zagizweho ingaruka na Covid-19 ku buryo bukomeye bituma n’amafaranga u Rwanda rwayinjizagamo agabanuka.
Mu 2019, u Rwanda rwakiriye abantu miliyoni 1.63, rusaruramo miliyoni 498$, muri yo ubukerarugendo bw’ingagi bwinjije miliyoni 107$.
Mu mwaka ushize, igihugu cyinjije miliyoni 121$ aturutse mu bukerarugendo mu gihe intego yari yashyizweho muri 2021 ari ukwinjiza miliyoni 600$.
Video: Hakizimana Olivier & Uwacu Lizerie
Amafoto: Niyonzima Moïse


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Amatorero menshi akunda kuvuga kuri Karande, imivumo, imikasiro, inyatsi n’ibindi n’ubwo hari n’andi adashaka kubivugaho nabuhoro kandi baguha ibyanditswe bakakubwira ko iyo umuntu ari muri Kristo Yesu aba ari icyaremwe gishya nta muvumo aba agifite. Ese koko muri Kristo Yesu abantu bose barimo?, bageze ku kigero cy’ubukure muri Kristo kugeza ubwo batafatwa n’umuvumo uva mu gisekuru?
Mu kiganiro ’Ubutumwa bukiza’ Gitambuka kuri Agakiza Tv, Pasiteri Desire aragaruka ku nkomoko y’ibi byombi: Umugisha n’umuvumo yifashishije ijambo ry’Imana.
Iyo abantu babwiwe gukizwa gusa bakakira Kristo Yesu nk’Umwami n’Umukiza ntibabwirwe uko batandukana n’imbaraga mbi zavuye mu gisekuru, ejo uzabona abantu wakeka ko bakuze mu gakiza bagwa mu bintu batari bazi ko bishoka, uzabona abakobwa bakijijwe batwara inda zitateganyijwe n’ibindi byinshi.
Imana yagiye ivuga ku mugisha uzakomezanya n’ibisekuru ariko nanone ivuga no ku muvumo uzakomezanya n’ibisekuru mu gihe bazaba batubashye Imana. Indi mpamvu y’umuvumo w’uruhererekane , ni impamvu y’ibiba n’isarura. Imbuto yose umuntu abibye aba azayisarura uko biri kose, ibiba n’isarura ntaho warikwepera.
Yesu niwe ukwiye kutubohora kuko iyo umuntua ari muri Kristo Yesu aba ari icyaremwe gishya, nta muvumo wose aba agifite.
Inkomoko y’imivumo y’uruhererekane
Kuramya ibigirwamana. Kuva 20:3-5
Iyo hari imana z’ibinyoma abantu bakazikubita imbere bakazisenga, ibyo bintu bikurura umuvumo w’igihe kirerkire mu gisekuru. Kuramya ibigirwamana aha bigendanye n’ikintu cyose abantu baramya atari mu buryo bw’ubuMana: Nawe ushobora kumva ko uri imana, icyubahiro ufite, umutungo ufite, amashuri ufite, umuryango uvukamo, uwo uriwe ushobora kubiramya.
“Wubahe so na nyoko, kugira ngo uramire mu gihugu Uwiteka Imana yawe iguha".
Kubaha ababyeyi ni ryo tegeko ririho isezerano, ni ukuvuga ko iyo urisuzuguye gukenyuka birashoboka. Umubyeyi iyo yiherereye akarira biba bizagukururi umuvumo Cyane ko umubyeyi ari umufatanyabikorwa n’Imana mu kurema umuntu.
Kwitura inabi. Imigani 17:13
Uwitura ibyiza ibibi, Ntabwo ibibi bizava mu rugo rwe.
“Umuntu nasambana n’umugore w’undi, usambanye na muka mugenzi we, umusambanyi n’umusambanyikazi ntibakabure kwicwa. Usambana na muka se aba yambitse se ubusa, bombi ntibakabure kwicwa. Urubanza rw’amaraso ye ni we ruzahama. Umuntu nasambana n’umukazana we bombi ntibakabure kwicwa, bazaba bavanze ibidahuye. Urubanza rw’amaraso ye ni we ruzahama. Umugabo natinga undi bombi bazaba bakoze ikizira, ntibakabure kwicwa. urubanza rw’amaraso ye ni we ruzahama. Umuntu narongora umukobwa na nyina kizaba icyaha gikomeye, azatwikanwe na bo kugira ngo icyaha gikomeye kitaba muri mwe. Umugabo naryamana n’itungo ntakabure kwicwa, iryo tungo na ryo muzaryice.
Kandi umugore cyangwa umukobwa niyegera itungo ryose akaryamana na ryo, uzamwicane na ryo. Urubanza rw’amaraso ye ni we ruzahama. “Umuntu niyenda mushiki we basangiye se cyangwa nyina bakarebana ubwambure, kizaba igihemu giteye isoni. Bazakurirweho mu maso y’abo mu bwoko bwabo kuko yambitse ubusa mushiki we, azagibwaho no gukiranirwa kwe.
Kurwanya umugisha wa mugenzi wawe. Itangiriro 14:13
"Kandi nzaha umugisha abakwifuriza umugisha, kandi uzakuvuma nzamuvuma, kandi muri wowe ni mo imiryango yose yo mu isi izaherwa umugisha.”"
Abantu benshi bamaze kwakira ko kubeshya ntacyo bitwaye ariko mwibuke ko bizana umuvumo: Aburahamu yabeshye ko Sara ari mushiki we, Isaka nawe abeshya ko Rebeka ari mushiki we ikinyoma kimeze nk’icya se kandi yari atagihari. Yakobo yaje kubeshya ko ari Esawu yiba umugisha we, mu bahungu ba Yakobo Lewi arabeshya, abandi bahungu ba Yakobo babeshya ko Yosefu yapfuye kandi bamugurishije muri Egiputa. Byarakomeje bifata ibisekuru birenze nka bitandatu.
Mwibuke ko Satani ari we se w’ibinyoma, igihe cyose ubayeho ubuzima bw’ikinyoma n’ubwo byaba ari ukwirengera bizagira ingaruka z’umuvumo w’igihe kirekire. Nta mpamvu n’imwe ikwiye gutuma tubaho ubuzima bw’ikinyoma.

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Mbere ya Covid-19 nta buryo rusange bwabagaho bwo guhamagara muri gereza cyangwa ngo abarimo babashe guhamagara hanze. Ubwo iki cyorezo cyibasiraga Isi n’u Rwanda imfungwa ntizasurwaga mu kwirinda ikwirakwira ryacyo gusa bashyiriweho uburyo bwo kuvugana n’ababo binyuze kuri telefoni.
RCS yashyizeho amatelefoni buri wese agahabwa iminota itanu yo guhamagara akagura ikarita akabasha kuvugana n’umuryango we uri hanze.
Ni igikorwa abafunzwe n’imiryango yabo bashimye bavuga ko nubwo batabashaga kubonana ariko byibuze babashaga kumenya amakuru yabo bitabagoye.
Gasangwa Constant ufungiye muri Gereza ya Nyarugenge yagize ati “Guma mu rugo yabayeho tugira impungenge zo kumva amakuru y’imiryango yacu, nabo bifuza kutwumva kuko ntabwo batubonaga, ariko kuva iyi telefoni yajyaho ku minota itanu baduha ngo tujye tuvugana n’imiryango yacu, tubona hari ikintu kinini bidufasha.”
Ibi bahuje na Mukeshimana Jeaninne, uvuga ko kwirinda Covid-19 byari ngombwa ariko baba bakeneye kumenya uko imiryango yabo imerewe.
Yagize ati “Kurinda abantu byari kimwe ariko na none kumenya amakuru y’imiryango yacu byari ikindi, iyi telefoni yaje ari igisubizo muri ibyo bibazo byari bibaye bisa n’ibitunguranye.”
Ku ruhande rw’abafite ababo bafunzwe, bavuga ko iki gikorwa ari cyiza kuko babasha kumenya amakuru y’ababo niyo agize ikibazo abasha kubitabaza. Bavuga ko imbogamizi isigaye ari iy’uko bo igihe bashakiye batabasha kuvugana n’abari muri gereza.
Iki kibazo Umuvugizi wa RCS, SSP Pelly Gakwaya Uwera, yabwiye Televiziyo Rwanda ko kigiye gukemuka mu munsi mike hashyirwaho imirongo itishyurwa abari hanze bazajya babasha gukoresha bahamagara ababo bari mu magereza.
Yagize ati “Ubuyobozi bukuru bwa RCS bwaboneyeho gushaka ubundi buryo, butekereza ku gushaka ya mirongo migufi ihamagarwaho ku buntu, ubwo buryo bushyirwaho kugira ngo na ya miryango itishoboye igire uburyo bwo kuvugana n’ababo bamenye uko babayeho.”
Yakomeje avuga ko mu magereza hakomeje igikorwa cyo gukingira Covid-19 imfungwa n’abagororwa ku buryo mu gihe kidatinze uwipimishije iki cyorezo azajya abasha gusura.