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Nibyo koko kwiga neza bijyana no kwiga aheza, biri no mu bintu biha agaciro impamyabumenyi yawe ariko nawe ubwawe bikagusigira ubumenyi bwisumbuyeho kuko wigishijwe n’abahanga.
ELRUKZ Group itangaza ko kuri ubu ifite amahirwe ku banyeshuri 30 b’abanyarwanda bashaka kwiga mu Butaliyani kuri buruse ndetse no ku banyeshuri bifuza kwiga mu Budage ku buntu ariko bicumbikira.
Umuyobozi mukuru wa, ELRUKZ Group, Rukomeza Emmanuel, yavuze bahisemo gufasha abanyeshuri kwerekeza kuvoma ubumenyi mu mahanga mu rwego rwo gukomeza guharanira kuzamura ubumenyi.
Yavuze ko bafasha umunyeshuri mu gihe ari gusaba kwiga kugeza yemerewe cyangwa se ahawe igisubizo ku busabe bwe ndetse no guherekezwa kugeza agiye ku ishuri.
Ku baziga mu Butaliyani bagera kuri 30 kugeza ubu iyi sosiyete yamaze kugirana amasezerano na Kaminuza zitandukanye ku buryo bazishyurirwa buri kimwe cyose harimo amafaranga y’ishuri n’ayimibereho.
Ibyo bivuze ko ubonye ayo mahirwe azabasha kwiga mu Butaliyani kuri buruse aho bakwishyurira amafaranga y’ishuri, aho kuba n’amafaranga yo kwitwaza agufasha gukemura utubazo tw’ibanze mu gihe uri kwiga azwi nka Argent de Poche ku banyeshuri.
Birumvikana ko kugira ngo umunyeshuri yemererwe gukomereza mu Butaliyani hari icyo bimusaba birimo kuba yaratsinze neza amasomo kandi akaba afite nibura amasomo abiri y’ingenzi yatsinze neza.
Mu gihe yaba yarize mu masomo abarizwa mu rwego rw’Igihugu rushinzwe uburezi bw’Ibanze (REB) amanota guhera kuri 56/73 n’aho uwize amasomo abarizwa mu Kigo cy’igihugu kigisha imyuga n’ubumenyi ngiro (RTB) asabwa kuba afite guhera kuri 46/60 kujyana hejuru.
Nk’ibisanzwe ku bagiye kuvoma ubumenyi mu mahanga babanza gukora ibizamini bitangwa na Kaminuza zo mu Butaliyani aho umunyeshuri asabwa kubitsinda.
Hari kandi no kugaragaza indangamanota zo mu mashuri yisumbuye kuva mu wa kane kugeza mu wa gatandatu, diplôme, passport n’icyemezo kigaragaza ko wize mu cyongereza gitangwa n’ishuri.
Amashami aboneka binyuze mu mikoranire ya Kaminuza zinyuranye zo mu Butaliyani n’iki kigo ni Engineering and management, Architecture, Computer engineering, Civil Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Electrical engineering, Electronics and communication engineering, Aerospace engineering, Automotive engineering na Industrial engineering.
Ikindi kandi bisaba kuba umunyeshuri usaba buruse atarengeje imyaka ibiri arangije ngo kuko ari bo baba bakiri mu mwuka wo gukomeza kwihugura no kwiyungura ubumenyi.
Nubwo ku bashaka kwiga mu Budage bisa n’ibirimo umwihariko cyane ko buruse ziri kuboneka ari izifasha abanyeshuri kwigira Ubuntu ku banyeshuri baturutse mu bindi bihigu birimo n’u Rwanda ntabwo harimo amafaranga y’icumbi.
Uyu muyobozi yavuze ko nta myanya runaka iteganyijwe ahubwo ko ababoneka bose bujuje ibisabwa bashobora kwimererwa kwigira ubuntu mu Budage.
Bimwe mu bisabwa ni ukubanza kwiga Ikidage nibura amezi abiri akabona impamyabushobozi yo ku rwego rwa B1 nibura, ni ukuvuga ko aba afite ubumenyi bw’ibanze muri uru rurimi ku buryo atazagorwa n’ubuzima bwo mu Budage kubera kutamenya ururimi rukoreshwa.
Abiga Ikidage bafashwa na ELRUKZ Group kuko bamufasha mu kumwereka aho yigira cyane ko bishyirwaho na Ambasade y’u Budage.
Usaba na we agomba kuba yaratsinze neza nibura amasomo abiri y’ingenzi muyo ashaka gukomeza muri Kaminuza kandi ho amashami yose araboneka uretse abashaka kwiga Ubuvuzi ‘Medecine’.
Kugeza ubu iki kigo gikorere i Remera ahazwi nko kwa Rwamahama kiri kwandikwa abanyeshuri bazatangira kwiga muri Nzeri 2022 ariko kwiyandikisha bikazarangirana na Mata 2022.


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Ihuriro ry'urubyiruko
23/10/2017
FORUM Y'urubyiruko mu Ruhengeri yatangiye Inkuru irambuye...
MISA YO GUTANGIZA KU MUGARAGAROInkuru irambuye...
Ubutumwa mu gusobanura ivanjiriInkuru irambuye...
Ihuriro ry'urubyiruko
23/10/2017
Ni ahantu heza, hitondewe kandi hafite agaciro gakomeye mu buzima bw'abakristu ba Diyosezi ya Ruhengeri Inkuru irambuye...
Ikiganiro kijyanye n'umwaka w'ukwemera cyatanzwe na Nyiricyubahiro Musenyeri Seliviliyani NZAKAMWITA,... Inkuru irambuye...
Ibyishimo bya Yeluzalem natwe tubigeze ku bandiInkuru irambuye...

robotstxt: allowed

filter: keep


text:
Uko igikorwa cy’umuganda usoza Werurwe cyagenze mu gihugu
Hirya no hino mu gihugu abaturage bafatanyije n’abayobozi babyukiye mu gikorwa cy’umuganda usoza ukwezi kwa Werurwe 2017.
Uwo muganda wabaye kuri uyu wa gatandatu 25 Werurwe 2017, wibanze ahanini ku gusukura inzibutso za Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, gutera ibiti no gukora isuku mu mihanda y’imigenderano.
Kamonyi
Mu Karere ka Kamonyi umuganda rusange wibanze ku gukora isuku Ku Rwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kibuza.
Kayonza
Umuganda wibanze ku gutunganya umuhanda. Minisitiri w’ubutabera Busingye Johnston na Guverineri w’Intara y’Uburasirazuba Kazayire Judith nyuma y’umuganda batangije icyumweru cyahariwe ubufasha mu by’amategeko.
Ruhango
Umuganda mu murenge wa Kinazi ahasukuwe urwibutso rwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ruhari. Abagize AERG/GARG bimuye imibiri 1850 yari ishyinguye nabi muri urwo rwibutso.
Rwamagana
Umuganda wakorewe umuganda mu murenge wa Mwurire, ahasukuwe urwibutso rwa Mwurire. Banakiriye inkoni y’Umwamikazi w’Ubwongereza
Minisitiri w’umuco na siporo, Uwacu Julienne yaje kwifatanya n’abaturage muri ibyo bikorwa.
Rubavu
Abahanzi bari mu irushanwa rya Guma Guma Super Star, bifatanyije n’abaturage bo mu Karere ka Rubavu mu gikorwa cy’muganda batera ibiti.
Kigali
Abakozi ba UAE Exchange bakoreye umuganda mu murenge wa Mageragere, aho bateye ibiti 2000. Ni muri gahunda yabo bise "Social Responsability", mu gikorwa cyabo cyiswe "Transfer Happiness".
I Kigali kandi bakoze umuganda ku rwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali ruri ku Gisozi
Ibitekerezo ( 2 )
Ni byiza kuko nitwe tugomba gukorera igihugu cyacu ntabazava mu kindi gihugu baje kudukorera.
Nibyiza cyane gukurumuganda kuko ari kimwe mwiterambere ryigihugu. Gusa dukangurire nurubyiruko gukurumuganda kuko arirwo Rwanda rwejo. Mana we urubyiruko rurasonziriye mwiterambere ryigihugu, hakenewe ubukangurambaga byimbitse. Dufatanyije twubake urwanda twifuza. Rwanda we, nkurinyuma,sugira usagambe


text:
Burya abagabo ninkabana (si ukubatuka) bakunda kwitabwaho.
mugore niba ushakako umugabo wawe ahora akxishimiye yumva ntawundi ukuruta menya kwita kumugabo wawe neza kuko nutamwitaho ashobora guhura nundi umwitaho akaba aramugutwaye.
Benshi bakunze kumvako iyo babaye marie biba byarangiye ko c'est acquis mbese ariburundu ariko burya ikintu gituma couple iramba simpeta bambikanye ahubwo nuburyo babanye, bitanaho, bishimana....
Menya guha care umugabo wawe, menya ibyo akunda nibyo yanga kugira umenye uko umushimisha
Hari nkabadamu usanga yiriwe murugo wenda nimyenda yambaye iranukaho ibitunguru akagenda ngo agiye gupfumbata umugabo ubwose umugabo azaguha câlin gute nibitunguru birikumunukira?? Menya kwambara utwenda twiza dushimisha umugabo igihe mugiye muburiri.
Cg se ugasanga umugore ntasasa uburiri bararamo cg ntamesa boxer zumugabo we akaba ari umukozi ubikora please hari ibintu umukozi akora nibyo adakora ntibizagutangaze rero ubwo uburiri umukozi asasa umunsi umwe uje ugasanga aburyamyemo numugabo wawe.akenshi abagabo bakunze gucinyuma abagore babo nabakozi babo kuberako akenshi umukozi ariwe wita kuri boss cyane kurusha umugorewe.
Mugore menya kwiyitaho kugirango umugabo wawe nakubona ajye ahora akwifuza. nawese umugabo azajya ava kukazi asange uri muma pyjama burimunsi, imisatsi ntakuyitaho, ntakwisiga....nubwo agukunda ariko iyo asohotse akabona abandi bakeye yibaza impamvuki utiyitaho bikaba byatuma bamwe bakeye bamukurura gerageza kwiyitaho kuburyo umugabo wawe azajya akomeza kubonako ubaruta bose.
Dukunze kuvugango niba yarampisemo mubandi nuko mbaruta bose nibyo ariko c'est pas acquis bishobora guhinduka si tu te laisse aller.
Menya gushyira les epices ndavuga ibirungo muri couple yanyu kugirango ntimurambirane kuko burya amour yonyine ntihagije.
NAWE SHYIRAHO IZINDI NAMA WAGIRA ABADAMU KUBYOKUBAKA URUGO
Video Abakobwa Beza
MENYA KWITA KUMUGABO WAWE
Burya abagabo ninkabana (si ukubatuka) bakunda kwitabwaho.


text:
ibice byinshi-byungurura filteri mesh / demister pad
Ibisobanuro birambuye
Ibiranga ibicuruzwa
ibipimo bya parfomance
Gukuraho neza: 90%
Imyuka yo mu kirere: 3.5-5.5m / s
Kugabanuka k'umuvuduko < 100pa
Kugaragara.gutegurwa nkuko ubisaba.
Ikiranga
Kurungurura hejuru, bishobora gushungura amazi igihu, ivumbi nifu;
Kugabanuka k'umuvuduko muke, gukora neza, guhagarikwa ntibyoroshye,
Gukaraba no guhoraho;
Kurungurura cyane mubihe iyo igihu kirimo umukungugu.
Kurandura ibicu byinshi byemeza ko umuvuduko muke ugabanuka kandi bigakorwa neza kuva monofilaments zose zishyizwe kuri perpendikulari ya gazi kugirango bigerweho neza gutandukanya ibitonyanga.Ububoshyi budasanzwe buratandukanye cyane nicyerekezo cyicyuma cyerekanwa muri meshi yerekana imashini.
Ihuza ibyiza byiza byo kuboha mesh na lamella itandukanya.Urwego rumeze nkurwego rwa monofilament rutera guhindura icyerekezo cyumugezi wa gaze, ibyo bikaba byongera gufata ibitonyanga biturutse ku ngaruka zidafite ishingiro.Ibi bitanga umusaraba wamazi yatandukanijwe, asohora ibice biva hagati.
Iyungurura-ibice byinshi kandi bizwi nko gupakira.Rimwe na rimwe, gupakira biratunguranye cyangwa bijugunywa, naho ubundi birategurwa.
Nkibitangazamakuru bya gaz scrubber structure imiterere ifunguye hamwe na geometrike ya meshi byorohereza inzira yo guswera hamwe no kuhira imyaka hamwe na contre-current.Mu buryo buhagaritse cyangwa butambitse, byashyizwemo amazi kandi byafashwe neza bizatemba biturutse kumurongo wa monofilament.
Twabibutsa ko abakuraho ibicu bose badakozwe kimwe.Hano haribintu byinshi muguhitamo gukuraho ibicu, ingano yigitonyanga, gufata amazi, kugabanuka k'umuvuduko, hamwe no guhuza ibikoresho byubwubatsi.Kurandura neza ibicu bizongerera inyungu nyinshi mubikorwa, nko kuzamura ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa, kugabanya umwanda, no kugabanya carryover, no kurinda ibikoresho.
Ingero zo gusaba:
● Kwanga inshingano yo gusohoka kwa chimique umurizo wa gaz scrubber
● Gusiba inshingano zirangiye gutambuka cyangwa guhagarikwa gazi ihagaritse muri Fosifate na Nitrogen Ifumbire mvaruganda.
● Kugaragaza & gazi ya gazi yo gukora murwego rwo gutambuka cyangwa guhagarikwa gazi ya gaz muri Fosifate na Nitrogen ifumbire mvaruganda (urugero: DAP, NPK, CAN & Urea)
● Gukuramo imyuka iva muri Chrome VI & ibindi bikoresho biremereye
Abatement ya HCl igihu mu nganda za Electronics
● Kwanga inshingano muri Acide ya Sufuru yumye no gukuramo iminara.


text:
Urubyiruko rw’uRwanda rukeneye kumenya ukuri n’amateka y’igihugu.
URwanda rwaciye mu bibazo byinshi kandi biremereye, ariko ntabwo abantu babivuga kimwe. Buri ruhande rwishyira heza ndetse rukavuga ko rwahohotewe. Abantu bavutse nyuma y’intambara cyangwa abari bakiri batoya bahura n’ikibazo gikomeye cyo kumenya ukuri nyako ku byabaye. Ubutabera bwagombye gufasha mu kumenya uko kuri nabwo bufite byinshi bunengwa ku buryo nta cyizere butanga. Ibyo bibangamiye ubwiyunge bw’Abanyarwanda kuko ntibashobora kwiyunga batemeranya ku byabaye n’uburyo byakozwe ndetse n’ababigizemo uruhare. Ibyo byatumye bamwe mu basore n’inkumi bari mu Bubiligi bibumbiye mu ishyirahambwe ryitwa « Jambo» bashinga ikinyamakuru cyitwa « Jambonews », intego yacyo akaba ari uguharanira kumenyesha ukuri ku byabaye no gufasha urubyiruko gutegura neza ejo hazaza. Ibyo bitekerezo biri mu kiganiro cyatanzwe na Ruhumuza Mbonyumutwa, umwe mu bagize ishyirahamwe « Jambo ». Byari mu rwego rw’ibiganiro byo kwibuka Seth Sendashonga umaze imyaka 13 ahitanywe n’ubutegetsi bwa FPR.
Ibibazo urubyiruko rw’u Rwanda rufite ni byinshi kandi biraremereye kubera umurage w’amateka.
Ikibazo gihatse ibindi byose ni icyo kubaka igihugu abantu babanamo bataryana kubera ibibatandukanya bishingiye ahanini ku mateka kandi bakagira n’ibibatunga bihagije. Iyo umuntu asubije amaso inyuma asanga nko mu myaka nka 30 ishize u Rwanda rutari rufite ibibazo bikomeye by’ubukungu. Abariho icyo gihe babonaga rurimo gutera imbere, ndetse bakaba bararwitaga uBusuwisi bw’Afurika kubera intambwe y’amajyambere rwari rugezeho. Ariko icyo gihe hari n’ibibazo by’amoko ndetse n’ibindi byari bibangamiye imibanire y’abaturage bikaba bitarashakiwe ibisubizo bikwiye, iyo ikaba yarabaye intandaro yo gusenya ibyari byarubatswe.
Niyo mpamvu dusanga inzira nyayo yo kubaka ubukungu bw’igihugu yabanza kuba iyo gukemura ibibazo bishobora guteranya abaturage bacyo. Urubyiruko rukaba rufite iyo nshingano yo guharanira ko ibyo bibazo bikemurwa, u Rwanda rw’ejo tukarwubakira ku rutare aho kurwubakira ku mucanga. Ibyo bibazo dushaka kwibandaho muri uyu mwanya umuntu yabishyira mu byiciro bitatu :
(1).Hari ikibazo cyo kumenya ukuri ku mateka y’igihugu cyacu no ku marorerwa yakibayemo.
(2). Hari ikibazo cy’ubutabera kijyanye no kurwanya akarengane.
(3).Hari n’ubwiyunge bugomba kugerwaho kugirango Abanyarwanda bafatanye kubaka igihugu cyabo.
1.Ikibazo cyo kumenya ukuri
Buri wese azi ko u Rwanda rwabereyemo intambara, ndetse hakaba harabayemo n’ubwicanyi bukomeye bwamaganywe ku isi yose, cyane cyane ubwicanyi bwa jenoside. Nyamara ntabwo ukuri kurashyirwa ahagaragara ku buryo budasubirwaho ku mpamvu nyazo zateye ayo marorerwa n’ababigizemo uruhare. Mbese FPR yabigizemo uruhare rungana iki? Mbese Interahamwe zagize uruhe ruhare? Mbese ingabo zarwaniraga leta y’u Rwanda muri icyo gihe zagize uruhe ruhare mbere y’uko zitsindwa? Guverinoma yayoboraga igihugu mbere y’itariki ya 6 mata 1994 ifite uruhe ruhare mu marorerwa yabaye mu gihugu? Guverinoma yiswe iy’Abatabazi yo uruhare rwayo ni uruhe? Amashyaka ya politiki yariho icyo gihe yabyitwayemo ate kandi afite uruhe ruhare mu mahano yagwiriye igihugu? Abantu ku giti cyabo bagize uruhe ruhare? Kuri ibyo bibazo tuvuze usanga hari amakuru menshi kandi avuguruzanya ku buryo bitoroheye urubyiruko kumenya aho ukuri guherereye. Buri ruhande rwerekana ko nta ruhare rwagize mu marorerwa yakozwe, ko ndetse rwahohotewe.
Uretse n’ibyabaye kera cyangwa mu myaka yashize, umuntu iyo yitegereje ibirimo gukorwa muri iki gihe atangazwa no kubona hari gahunda zigaragara zo kurwanya ko ukuri kumenyekana. Ibintu bikaba, umunyamakuru yabivuga akaba yabizira. Ubu ngubu ikinyamakuru gishaka gukorera mu Rwanda kiba kigomba kuvuga neza ubutegetsi bwaho. Abantu bazi ukuntu ikinyamakuru cyo kuri murandasi cyitwa Igihe.com cyatangiye gitanga ikizere cyo gukorana ubwigenge busesuye, nta kubogama cyangwa gukorera mu kwaha kwa leta. Nyamara ubu cyahindutse nk’umuzindaro leta ivugiramo ibyo ishaka kuvuga byose. Ibyo byahombeje Abanyarwanda kuko bari bakeneye ikinyamakuru cyigenga bihagije, kikaba cyanatinyuka kunenga ibyo leta ikora.
Ibyo bibazo byo kubona ibinyamakuru byose biri mu kwaha kwa leta kandi bitavuga ukuri ku bibazo by’uRwanda biri mu byatumye jyewe na bagenzi banjye dushinga ikinyamakuru cyitwa “Jambonews”, nacyo gica kuri murandasi. Icyo kinyamakuru cyatangiye mu kwezi k’ukwakira 2010, gishakirwa kuri Jambonews.net. Aha ndagirango mvuge ko ishyirahamwe ryitwa “Jambo” ari naryo ryashinze icyo kinyamakuru, ryo ryashinzwe mu mwaka w’2008 n’abasore n’inkumi bo mu karere k’Ibiyaga Bigari ariko Abanyarwanda akaba aribo biganjemo. Iryo shyirahamwe rikora ibikorwa binyuranye bigamije guha urubyiruko umwanya wo gutanga umusanzu warwo mu gutegura neza ejo hazaza kuko dusanga urubyiruko rugomba gutangira hakiri kare guhangana n’ibibazo biriho. Jambonews rero iri muri iyo nzira yo gushaka ko ukuri kumenyekana.
2.Ikibazo cy’ubutabera.
Ruhumuza Mbonyumutwa
Icyo kibazo kibangamiye Abanyarwanda muri rusange kuko n’imanza zaciwe zireba uruhande rumwe kandi mu by’ukuri intambara yaratangiye mu w’1990, icyo gihe nibwo abaturage b’inzirakarengane batangiye kwicwa, abandi bavanwa mu byabo byari bibatunze. Amahano yo muri 94 n’ibindi byose byakurikiye, birimo ubwicanyi bwakorewe mu mashyamba ya Kongo byose ntabwo birahabwa umwanya ukwiye mu butabera kugirango ababigizemo uruhare bahanwe. Abarokotse ubwicanyi bwa FPR bamwe bita jenoside nta hantu bafite bayirega, ahubwo ndetse ntibemerewe no guhingutsa ko ubwo bwicanyi bwabayeho. Bagomba kuruca bakarumira.
Abahekuwe na jenoside yo muri 94 nabo ntabwo umuntu yavuga ko barenganuwe ku buryo bukwiye. Imanza zabayeho, zaba iza Gacaca cyangwa iz’urukiko mpuzamahanga rukorera Arusha zaranzwe n’uburiganya bushingiye ku buhamya bwuzuyemo ibinyoma ku buryo hari benshi izo manza zarenganije aho kubarenganura. Ibyo bituma n’abakoze ibyaha bari bakwiye guhanwa koko umuntu atamenya abo aribo kuko baba bavanze n’abarengana. Abantu benshi buzuye za gereza zo mu Rwanda barimo abicanyi bari bakwiye guhanwa koko, ariko kuba harimo n’abandi benshi barengana bitesha agaciro ubutabera. Icyo rwose ni ikibazo gikomeye.
Ikindi ariko gikomeye cyane ni ukubona ku misozi abantu benshi bariciwe na FPR bakaba badafite aho baregera kandi babona yo yirirwa ifunga abantu nayo ibita abicanyi. Ubwo se ubutabera buri he? Urubyiruko rugomba kumenya ibyo bibazo kuko ni rwo ahanini ruzahangana na byo kandi rugomba kubibonera ibisubizo nyabyo kugirango u Rwanda rutazahora mu makimbirane atarangira.
3.Ikibazo cy’ubwiyunge
Ibyo bibazo tumaze kuvuga ni byo ahanini bitera ingorane z’ubwiyunge hagati y’Abanyarwanda. Turamutse tubishakiye umuti muri iriya nzira yo gushaka ukuri nyako, tukagutangaza ku buryo kumenyekana neza no gushyigikira ubutabera nyabwo butabogamye, nta mpamvu Abanyarwanda batagera ku bwiyunge. Ibyo bishobora korohera urubyiruko kurusha ababyeyi barwo kuko urubyiruko rutaremerewe n’amateka y’ibyabaye ahubwo rukaba rufite intego yo kureba imbere no gutegura ejo hazaza.
Umwanzuro
Mu bindi bibazo tujya tuganiraho kandi tubona bifite uburemere cyane, twavuga nk’ikibazo cy’ubukene mu Banyarwanda n’imibereho yabo muri rusange. Twavuga ibibazo by’uburezi mu byiciro byose kuko ntiwategura u Rwanda rw’ejo wirengagije icyo kibazo cy’uburezi. U Rwanda rushaka kwerekana isura y’igihugu cyiza, kiberanye n’ubukerarugendo, ariko iyo uri Umunyarwanda ukunda igihugu cyawe, wibaza ukuntu igihugu cyuzuyemo za gereza, abanyururu batsindagiye muri izo gereza nk’amasaka atsindagiye mu kigega, wibaza ukuntu icyo gihugu kiberanye n’ubukerarugendo bikagushobera.
Iyo ndebye urubyiruko rw’Abanyarwanda, mbona rwuzuyemwo abasore n’inkumi benshi bafite ubushobozi bwo kuzamura Urwanda. Bafite ubushobozi bwo gukemura ibyo bibazo by’ubukene, by’uburezi, byo guteza imbere u Rwanda n’Abanyarwanda mu bukungu (dans le developpement). Ariko ugasanga kubera ibibazo bireba ihonyora ry’uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu rihora ribera mu Rwanda, imbaraga z’urubyiruko zishirira mu kugerageza kubikemura no kubisakuza (dénoncer) ngo bihagarare. Nkabona rero ari ikintu kibabaje cyane, kuko aho kugirango ingufu z’urubyiruko zijye mu kubaka ubukungu bw’ u Rwanda, Urubyiruko ruba ruhanganye n’urugomo rukorwa hafi buri munsi kandi leta ibifitemo uruhare. Izo mbaraga abantu bapfusha ubusa zagirira igihugu akandi kamaro.
Wafasha ute abantu kugera ku mibereho myiza mu gihe ubutegetsi bushobora kubimura aho batuye igihe bushakiye, ndetse bamwe bagasenyerwa amazu yabo nta handi bafite batuzwa ? Mbese wakora ute imishinga ikuzanira inyungu mu gihe wumva ko abategetsi bashobora kuwukwambura babonye harimo inyungu?
Ibyo byose ni ibibazo urubyiruko tugomba guhangana na byo.
Ruhumuza Mbonyumutwa
Kurahirira ku nkota (dimanche, 03 juillet 2011 10:27)


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Iyo abenegihugu batangiye kwiyahura kubera kwiheba, Ubutegetsi buriho buba bugomba guhinduka!
Muri iki cyumweru Radiyo Ijwi rya Rubanda yifuje kugirana ikiganiro kirambuye na padiri Thomas Nahimana. Icyo kiganiro twacyise « INKUBIRI Y’IMPINDURAMITEGEKERE ». Muzagikurikirana mu byiciro binyuranye kuri radiyo ijwi rya rubanda no kuri Leprophete.fr. Tubifurije kuryoherwa n’icyo kiganiro no kutazazuyaza gutanga ibitekerezo byanyu.
IJWI RYA RUBANDA :
Bwana Padiri Thomas, mu minsi ishize watanze igitekerezo cy’uko abantu bishoye mu bwicanyi bagatsemba Abanyarwanda batakagombye gusubira mu kibuga cya politiki y’u Rwanda. Iki gitekerezo nticyakiriwe neza na bose. Abo bicanyi uvuga ni bande ? Kubera iki batagomba kongera gukora politiki?
PADIRI THOMAS:
Mu Itegeko Ngenga no 16/2004 ryo ku wa 19/6/2004 rigena imiterere, ububasha n’imikorere by’Inkiko Gacaca, hari ingigo ya 51 igena inzego abakurikiranwa bashyirwamo hakurikijwe uburemere bw’ibyaha bakoze. Twibuke ko inzego bazishyirwamo bataranacirwa urubanza! Nk’uko agaka k’iyo ngingo ya 51 kabiteganya, ashyirwa mu rwego rwa mbere “umwicanyi ruharwa wamamaye aho yari ari cyangwa aho yanyuze kubera umwete yagize mu bwicanyi cyangwa ubugome bukabije yabukoranye, hamwe n’ibyitso bye”. Uyu kandi ateganyirizwa ibihano bikakaye: iyo yanze kwemera icyaha ahabwa igifungo cya burundu; iyo yemeye icyaha ahanishwa igifungo hagati y’imyaka 25 na 30!
Uwavuga ko atemera Inkiko Gacaca yaba avuze ibimurimo ariko ntibibuza ko mu Rwanda, izo nkiko zakatiye abanyarwanda barenga 1 200 000. Iki cyaha cyo kuba icyamamare mu bwicanyi nacyo hakaba hari abagihaniwe kandi birakwiye. Ikibazo gusa ni uko hari abandi babaye IBYAMAMARE mu bwicanyi batabihanirwa ndetse bamwe bakaba biyicariye mu nzego z’ubutegetsi bw’igihugu ! Byumvikane neza ko kuba warabaye ICYAMAMARE mu bwicanyi ubwabyo bihagije kugira ngo umuntu akurwe ku rutonde rw’abo abaturage bashobora kugirira icyizere! Bisa n’aho urubanza rwa bene icyo cyamamare ruba rwaraciwe ataranagezwa imbere y’inkiko ! Umuntu aba icyamamare kubera ibikorwa bye, ni we ubwe wigira icyamamare. Kuba icyamamare mu bwicanyi, ntawe bigwirira, ntawe bashobora kubigerekaho! None se ni ukubera iyihe mpamvu Abanyarwanda bakwemera ko bene abo bicanyi bahabwa icyubahiro cyo kuyobora abaturage bishe urubozo ? Gucunaguza se hari ikindi bivuga ? Umuntu akwicire narangiza ajye yirirwa yibwanagiza imbere yawe ngo arakuyobora ? Ubwo se yakuyobora akujyana he handi uretse mu kuzimu ? Nyamara mu Rwanda bireze!
Igitekerezo nkomeje gutanga ni uko abantu bose babaye ibyamamare mu gutsemba rubanda, baba Abahutu cyangwa Abatutsi (Interahamwe cyangwa Inkotanyi), bakwiye gutinyukwa bakabwizwa ukuri ko umwanya wabo utari muri politiki. Kuko gukora politiki ntibivuga gukanga rubanda, kwirirwa mu macenga ,mu kinyoma cyangwa mu matiku y’amacoyinda . Gukora politiki ni ukwitangira umurimo ukomeye (noble) wo kubungabunga inyungu rusange, (l’intérêt général de la Cité), kugira ngo Abenegihugu bose babane mu mahoro kandi banezerewe!
Kugira ngo kiliziya gatolika yerekane ko politiki ari umurimo mwiza cyane kandi ukwiye kubahwa yashyize mu rwego rw’Abatagatifu bamwe mu banyapolitiki nk’Umwami Ludoviko w’Ubufaransa bitangiye abaturage batitangiriye itama, ndetse yashyizeho na Mutagatifu Thomas More w’umwongereza ngo abe umurinzi n’umuvugizi w’abanyapolitiki imbere y’Imana, mu ijuru !
Umurimo wa politiki ni umurimo w’ingenzi cyane mu gihugu kuko ari wo amahoro aturukaho. Kandi iyo amahoro abuze no gusenga Imana biragorana! Abanyapolitiki babi bateza intambara za hato na hato n’umwiryane w’urudaca. Abanyapolitiki beza baharanira ubutabera, amahoro n’iterambere risaranganyijwe neza mu benegihugu.
Umurimo nk’uyu ntushobora gukorwa n’abantu bikunda, baharanira utunyungu twabo gusa, bakagerekaho n’akageso ko kwambura abaturage ubuzima! Kugira ngo igihugu gitere imbere, umurimo wa politiki ugomba guharirwa abagabo n’abagore b’inyangamugayo, bashobora kugirirwa icyizere n’abaturage bayoboye. Muri ibi bihugu byateye imbere, iyo umunyapolitiki agaragaweho n’akageso ko gusahura ibyarubanda cyangwa icyaha gikomeye cyo kwica umuntu, “carrière politique” ye iba irangiriye aho, agasigara ahanganye n’inzego z’ubutabera! Niba dushaka ko u Rwanda narwo ruva mu butindi n’umwiryane w’urudaca, dukwiye kwivugurura duhereye ku bategetsi b’igihugu.
Igihe kirageze ngo “Les criminels” ntibongere kwemererwa kujya kwihisha mu nzego z’ubutegetsi kuko icyo gihe bakoresha ubutegetsi bafite mu kwikingira no guharanira inyungu zabo gusa! Aho kugira ngo umurimo w’ubuyobozi bahawe ugirire abaturage bose akamaro uhindurwa igikoresho cyo kubica urubozo, kubahoza mu iterabwoba, kubambura uburenganzira bw’abo bw’ibanze burimo ubwisanzure(Liberté), kugira umutungo bwite(propriété privée), icyizere cyo kubaho n’ububasha bwo guhangana n’akarengane (la résistance contre l’oppression).
Muri make, nta we utanga icyo adafite! Abicanyi nta yindi mpano nzima bagira yo guha abaturage, uretse kubatinya no guhora babikanga,…umuturage ni we uhindurwa umwanzi w’abategetsi (Igipinga!) bityo ndetse akicwa hato na hato. Ni nayo mpamvu, iyo abicanyi bagize amahirwe yo kugera ku butegetsi badashobora kubuvaho ku neza, amaraso y’inzirakarengane atamenetse! Uburyo bwiza bwo kurwanya ako kaga ni ugukumira abicanyi hakiri kare ntibagere ku butegetsi!
IJWI RYA RUBANDA :
None se kuki abaturage bareka abicanyi bagafata ubutegetsi, nk’uko bimeze mu bihugu by’Afurika muri iki gihe ?
PADIRI THOMAS:
Aho nyine niho hari ikibazo! Kuki abaturage bakomeza kwituramira mu gihe bayobowe n’abategetsi bakomeza kubakandamiza no kubica urubozo ntibahaguruke ngo babakureho bashyireho abategetsi bafitiye rubanda akamaro?
Nk’uko nawe ubivuga, abicanyi ntibahabwa ubutegetsi na rubanda, BARABUFATA, ku ngufu! Bishatse kuvuga ko baba babwibye. Nyamara ibyerekeye inkomoko y’ubutegetsi bigaragarira mu itegeko nshinga ryo ku wa 4 Kamena 2003 repubulika y’Urwanda igenderaho muri iki gihe.
Ingingo yaryo ya 1 igira iti:
“Leta y’U Rwanda ni Repubulika yigenga kandi ubutegetsi bwose niyo buturukaho, ishingiye kuri demokarasi, igamije guteza imbere abaturage,kandi ntishingiye ku idini.
Ishingiro rya Repubulika ni “Ubutegetsi bwa rubanda, butangwa na rubanda kandi bukorera rubanda”.
Ingingo ya kabiri isobanura kurushako inkomoko y’ubutegetsi aho igira iti: Ubutegetsi bwose bukomoka ku mbaga y’Abanyarwanda. Nta gice cy’Abanyarwanda cyanga se umuntu ku giti cye ushobora kwiha ubutegetsi. Ubutegetsi bw’igihugu ni ubw’imbaga y’Abanyarwanda , bakoresha ubwabo binyuze muri referendum cyangwa binyuze ku babahagarariye”.
Aya si amagambo yambaye ubusa, ahubwo ni ingingo z’itegeko risumba ayandi mu gihugu. Ukuri ni uku nta kundi: Ubutegetsi ni ubwa rubanda. Niba se rubanda ibwirwa ntiyumve, uragira ngo ngire nte? Iyo rubanda yituramiye, inyaryenge z’abicanyi bifatira ubutegetsi bakabukoresha mu nyungu zabo bwite.
Hari inzira 3 zo kwiba abaturage ubutegetsi :
*Kudeta
*Intambara
*Kwiba amajwi mu matora
Kudeta ni ugukoresha ingufu za gisilikari ugakuraho ubutegetsi bwashyizweho na rubanda binyuze mu nzira yemewe, idafifitse(amatora,nomination…). Ibyo twabibonye nko ku italiki ya 5 Nyakanga 1973, ubwo habaga kudeta ya gisilikari yakuyeho Repubulika ya mbere mu Rwanda. Uko abategetsi bakuweho bishwe urw’agashinyaguro, ntawabyibagirwa kereka utabizi (Soma igitabo cya Shyirambere J.Barahinyura , 1973-1988 , Le Général Mojor Habyarimana, 15 ans de tyrannie et de tartuferie au Rwanda, éd.Izuba, Frankfurt, 1988)! Na none ariko ntawahakana ko nyuma ya kudeta, umutegetsi wagiyeho atakoze uko ashoboye asaba abaturage ko bamugarurira icyizere, bakamwibonamo nk’umuyobozi ubashakira icyiza. BILAN ya Repubulika ya Kabiri abantu bayijyaho impaka bigatinda. Si cyo tugamije muri iyi nyandiko.
Intambara yatangiye le 1/10/1990 nayo yaje tuyireba. Abanyarwanda b’inzirakarengane bayiguyemo barenze miliyoni ! Ibyangiritse ni byinshi cyane. Nyamara FPR-Inkotanyi imaze kwivugana umukuru w’igihugu no gutsinda urugamba rw’amasasu nayo yagerageje gusaba abaturage icyizere mu matora anyuranye yabaye mu gihugu. By’umwihariko amatora ya perezida wa repubulika yabaye mu 2003 n’2010 twabonye uko yagenze : TORA AHA !
Guhatira abaturage gutora uwo badashaka no kwiba amajwi bigaragaza ko abaturage batibona mu mutegetsi wiyita uwabo, icyo rero akaba ari ikibazo gikomeye.Kuko bene uwo mutegetsi, n’iyo yahama ku butegetsi kubera igitugu, aba abuze ikintu gikomeye bita mu gifaransa : LEGITIMITE.
IJWI RYA RUBANDA :
Ubwo se urashaka kuvuga ko ubutegetsi bwa Paul Kagame butemewe n’amategeko, bityo bukaba nta légitimité bufite ?
PADIRI THOMAS:
Kwemerwa n’amategeko (légalité) no kugira légitimité ni ibintu bibiri bitandukanye. Ubutegetsi bwa Paul Kagame bwabura bute kwemerwa n’amategeko kandi amategeko ari we uyishyiriraho ? Birumvikana ko ubutegetsi bwafashwe ku ngufu za gisilikari bukora iyo bwabaga kugira ngo bushyireho URUKUTA RW’AMATEGEKO rugamije kuburengera. Bene ayo mategeko icyo ashyira imbere si inyungu za rubanda , ahubwo agamije kubungabunga inyungu z’Agatsiko kari ku butegetsi zonyine. Itegeko ku ngengabitekerezo ya jenoside, itegeko rigenga ubutaka, …n’andi nk’ayo ni amategeko aba afite uko abangamira inyungu rusange z’abaturage.
Aha rero niho ubutegetsi nk’ubwo buburira légitimité.
Bivugwa ko ubutegetsi bufite légitimité iyo butanzwe n’urwego rwemewe rushinzwe kubutanga bityo abaturage bakabwemera batagombye kubihatirwa, bakabwizera, bakabukomeraho, mbese bagaha umutima wabo umutegetsi mushya bibonamo !
Icyerekana ko ubutegetsi butari « légitime » ni uko abaturage batabukunda ngo babwibonemo maze nabwo si ukubakanda bugasya butanzitse ! Bukoresha iterabwoba kuko abategetsi baba bafite ubwoba bwinshi ko abaturage bazabivumburaho. Ntibwizera abaturage, niyo mpamvu buhora bubaragije imbunda nk’inyamaswa.Bwiba amajwi mu matora kuko abaturage baramutse bahawe ijambo bakwitorera umuyobozi utari umwicanyi, umuyobozi ubashakira amahoro n’iterambere, umuyobozi bakwibonamo bakamuha umutima wabo. Burakubita, bugafunga, bukica, bukarenganya…Ngayo ng’uko !
IJWI RYA RUBANDA :
None se abaturage bashobora gukuraho ubutegetsi nk’ubwo budafite légitimité bakishyiriraho ububanogeye batagombye gufata intwaro zimena amaraso ngo bityo nabo babe bahindutse abicanyi ? Iyo « cercle vicieux » abanyarwanda bayisohokamo bate ?
PADIRI THOMAS:
Abanyarwanda bafite ubushobozi bwo guhaguruka bagakuraho ubutegetsi bw’igitugu bubakandamiza bakishyiriraho ubutegetsi bukorera inyungu za rubanda. Ariko kugira ngo babigereho bagomba kubanza kugira UKWEMERA GUSHYITSE !
Bagomba kubanza kwemera ko :
(1)Abaturage bishyize hamwe bibyaramo izindi ngufu zikomeye batazi.
(2) Ko guhindura ubutegetsi buriho mu Rwanda bishoboka.
(3)Ko ABICANYI RUHARWA bagomba kuva mu nzira ntabe ari bo bongera kubakirwaho inzego z’ubutegetsi.
Ibi bintu uko ari bitatu Abanyarwanda babyemeye, INKUBIRI y’impinduramitegekere yaba itangiye guhuha kandi ntawashobora kuyihagarika idakubuye ikibuga cya politiki y’u Rwanda, igasigaho ubutegetsi buhesha ishema buri mwenegihugu, nta vangura.
Uko abantu bategura iyo nkubiri , tuzabigarukaho mu kiganiro gitaha….
BIRACYAZA…


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SV ikurikirana Y ubwoko bwa fork crimp terminal, spade terminal ihuza
Ibisobanuro birambuye
Ibiranga ibicuruzwa
Impamvu izuru ryinsinga rinini kurenza diameter ni ukugabanya cyane guhangana kwihuza no guhuza imbaraga zo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe bwaho.Kubitsinga, kurwanywa muri rusange biragabanijwe neza, ariko niyo waba ukoresha igitutu kingana iki kugirango ushyireho izuru ryinsinga, kurwanira kumurongo uhuza buri gihe kurenza ibyo kudahuza insinga, bikavamo bikomeye gushyushya byaho, Igisubizo nukwongera aho uhurira no kugabanya guhangana kwihuza bishoboka.Mugihe kimwe, izuru rinini rinini rizagira ubushobozi bwo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe.Ubusanzwe insinga ya kabili iringaniye kubintu bibiri binini kuruta umugozi, kubera ko insinga rimwe na rimwe ikanda muburyo bwabafana, ntabwo ari umuzenguruko wera, kandi mubisanzwe bigomba gukanda kumashini ya hydraulic mbere yo kuyikoresha.Muri terefone ihagarikwa, imbaraga zo gukoraho nimwe mubintu byibanze.Niba nta gahato ko gukoraho gahagije, guhitamo ibikoresho byiza bitwara ni igitonyanga mu ndobo.Niba imbaraga zo gukoraho ziri hasi cyane, hazabaho kwimuka hagati yuyobora nu rupapuro ruyobora, hanyuma habeho umwanda wa okiside, ibyo bikaba byongera imbaraga zo gukoraho kandi bigatera ubushyuhe bwinshi.Iyo itumanaho rya terefone ryatoranijwe, rifite ihuza rihoraho nta ngaruka zibidukikije, ahantu hanini ho gukoraho nimbaraga nini zo gukoraho.
Imiyoboro ikoreshwa mugukoresha insinga, guhuza hamwe na bisi ya bisi ikozwe mumuringa wa electrolytike (H65) nkibikoresho byibanze.Umuyoboro wumuringa ni mwiza, uwa kabiri nyuma ya feza.Kubera ko insinga zahujwe na terefone zikozwe mu muringa, ibintu bimwe na coefficient imwe yo kwaguka ntibizatera ikibazo cyo guhuza.
1. Thermosetting plastike EP: ifite geometrike ihamye, kwinjiza amazi mato hamwe nigipimo cyerekana ibimenyetso byinshi.Kurinda umuriro ni hejuru cyane.Iyo ubushyuhe buzamutse, burahagaze kandi buruta ubushuhe, ariko ubukana ni bubi;
2. Ikirahuri fibre ishimangira nylon pa-f: fibre fibre ikomeza nylon ifite ubukana nubukomere, kandi ubushyuhe bwumurimo burenze ubwa nylon budashimangiwe.Kubwibyo, biranakoreshwa murwego rwo kurinda birenze urugero.Amazi yinjira muri nylon ashimangiwe ni make ugereranije na nylon idashimangiwe.Usibye itandukaniro ryavuzwe haruguru, ibindi bintu byibikoresho byombi ni bimwe.Ukurikije UL94, urwego rwa flame retardant ya fibre ikomeza nylon ni Hb kugeza kuri V0, aho ibintu V0 bisiga irangi umukara;
3. PC ya Thermoplastique polycarbonate PC: nkuburemere bukomeye, ingaruka nziza zikomeye, gukorera mu mucyo, guhagarara neza, gukora neza no kubika neza ubushyuhe.Polikarubone isobanutse neza irakwiriye nkigifuniko cyangwa ibikoresho biranga.Polyakarubone ifite ituze irwanya aside minerval, karubone yuzuye amavuta, lisansi, lipide namavuta.Polyakarubone ntishobora kwihanganira ibishishwa, benzene = lye, acetone na ammonia.Imyitozo ya Stress irashobora gushirwaho mugihe uhuye na reagent zimwe na zimwe;
4. Thermoplastique polyester PBT: PBT ifite geometrike ihamye.Ibikoresho bishimangiwe na fibre yibirahure bifite imbaraga nyinshi kandi birwanya ubushyuhe.Mugihe kimwe, ifite kandi flame retardancy hamwe nibikoresho byiza byamashanyarazi;
5. Thermoplastique nylon 6.6: ifite ibisabwa byinshi kugirango ubuziranenge bwibikonoshwa bya terminal.Byinshi muribi bikozwe muri thermoplastique nylon 6.6.Ubu bwoko bwa plastiki burashobora gutunganywa mubukungu hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gutera inshinge, ntabwo byangiza ibidukikije kandi bifasha gutunganya.
Niba ibicuruzwa byanyuma bibitswe mubihe bimwe na bimwe bidukikije mugihe runaka, ibintu birashobora guhinduka kandi ibicuruzwa bizagabanuka.Niba bidakoreshejwe igihe kirekire, ubwizerwe bwibicuruzwa ntibizemezwa."Ubuzima bwa tekinike" bwa terminal bivuga igihe cyo kubika mubihe bimwe na bimwe bidukikije uhereye kurangiza umusaruro no kugenzura kugeza kwishyiriraho.Igihe cyo kubika neza cya terefone cyerekana igihe ubwiza nubwizerwe bwa terminal bishobora kuzuza ibikoresho mbere yo kwishyiriraho.Igihe cyibanze gikora neza bivuga igihe cyiza cyo kubika utitaye kurwego rwiza rwa terefone.
Ubuzima bwiza bwo kubika ibintu byahagaritswe bifitanye isano nibintu bitatu bikurikira:
1. Ubwiza bwa insinga zikoreshwa nuburyo bwibanze kugirango tumenye neza ko ubwiza n’ubwizerwe bwa insinga zidashobora kwangirika cyane mugihe cyo kubika neza;
2. Ibidukikije kugirango ubike insinga;
3. Ibipimo byujuje ibyangombwa byo gutumanaho nyuma yo kubika.
Gb4798.1 iteganya ko urwego rwibidukikije rwububiko bwo kubika ibikoresho bisobanutse neza hamwe n’insinga zikoreshwa cyane, kandi ibidukikije ni: 20 ℃ ~ 25 ℃;RH ni 20% ~ 70%;Umuvuduko wumwuka ni 70kpa ~ 106kpa.Qj2222a yerekana ibidukikije rusange nibidukikije bidasanzwe.Ububiko rusange bwibidukikije bugaragaza neza ko insinga igomba kubikwa ahantu hasukuye, ihumeka idafite gaze yangirika kandi igenzurwa nubushyuhe nubushuhe bugereranije.


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Mu mpera z’icyumweru ni bwo aba banyeshuri bahawe impamyabushobozi mu muhango witabiriwe n’abayobozi batandukanye kuva ku bo mu nzego z’ibanze.
Abanyeshuri 420 bahawe impamyabushobozi muri ERM Rwanda bari mu byiciro bitatu birimo icy’abize amezi atatu, abamaze atandatu n’abasoje umwaka wose.
Mu gihe bamaze ku ntebe y’ishuri, bahawe amasomo y’imyuga arimo kudoda, guteka, gusudira, gukora imisatsi, inzara n’ibindi.
Abasoje amasomo bavuze ko bahawe ubumenyi buzabafasha kwitwara neza ku isoko.
Kamikazi Kelly wize ibijyanye no guteka yavuze ko yungutse ubumenyi buzamufasha no kuba yakwihangira umurimo.
Yagize ati “Mu byo dukuyemo rero ni uko umuntu yashobora kwihangira umurimo, kuba yakwitekera cyangwa agatekera abashyitsi.’’
Yasabye urubyiruko bagenzi be kuyoboka imyuga na bo bagashaka amahirwe y’ibishobora kubateza imbere.
Ndikumana Eric yavuze ko ubumenyi yahawe bumwemerera kuba na we yakwikorera.
Ati “Ndashishikariza abashyira amaboko mu mifuka kwiga imyuga kuko uwayize ntakunda kubura akazi. Haba hari amahirwe menshi.’’
Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w’Umurenge wa Masaka, Nduwayezu Alfred, yashimiye ababyeyi bohereje abana kwiga imyuga kuko ubumenyi baharahuye buzabafasha kwiteza imbere.
Yasabye abakiri ku ntebe y’ishuri gukomeza gutera ikirenge mu cya bakuru babo bahawe impamyabushobozi.
Yakomeje ati “Ndabizeza ko ndi kumwe namwe kandi nzakomeza kubashyigikira, twiteguye kuzakora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo ishuri ryacu rikomeze kujya mbere.’’
ERM Hope TVET ni ishuri ryigenga, rigendera ku musingi w’ijambo ry’Imana. Ryakira abana bose ritarobanuye amadini n’amatorero babarizwamo. Ryashinzwe na Pasiteri Kayinamura Sitaki Emmanuel, ni na we Perezida waryo.
Yavuze ko mu mwaka wa 1996 ari bwo yagize igitekerezo cyarivuyemo, icyo gihe akaba yararanganyije amaso mu gihugu hose abonamo abana b’imfubyi n’abapfakazi bari mu buzima busharira, yiyemeza kubafasha.
Ati "Igitekerezo cyatangiye mu 1996 nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda, ubwo imihanda yose wabonaga harimo abana b’imfubyi n’abapfakazi batagira kirengera. Ni ho ijambo ry’Imana naryumvise muri njyewe muri Yakobo 1:27 rivuga ngo Idini Imana yishimira ni irifasha imfubyi n’abapfakazi kandi ntiriganzwe n’Isi.’’
Mu 2008 yaje kunguka ikindi gitekerezo nyuma yo gusanga benshi muri abo bana yafashaga batarabashije kwiga amashuri yisumbuye na Kaminuza.
Ni bwo yatangije ishuri ryigisha imyuga ngo rizafashe abarigana gutegura ahazaza habo binyuze mu mushinga wabafasha. Kuva iri shuri ritangijwe, abarenga ibihumbi bine bamaze kurinyuramo.


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Amajyaruguru: Urugaga rw’abagore bibumbiye muri RPF inkotanyi bashoje ukwezi k’umuryango bubakira abatishoboye
Abagore bari muri RPF inkotanyi mu ntara y’Amajyaruguru, basoje ukwezi k’umuryango bari barahariye ibikorwa byo gufasha abatishoboye babubakira inzu zo kubamo ndetse banabagenera ibikoresho bitandukanye. Basoreje mu karere ka Gicumbi mu murenge wa bwisige aho batashye inzu y’umukecuru Nyirabukeye Elevania w’imyaka isaga 97 utagiraga aho kuba.
Inzu nshya ya Nyirabukeye Elevania
Ni nyuma yo kuzenguruka uturere tugize iyi ntara bubakira umugore umwe mu karere ndetse bakabaha imyenda, ibyo kurya ndetse n’ibikoresho byo mu rugo bitandukanye.
Nyirabukeye Elevania avuga ko yari yarimuwe aho yari atuye akajyana gucumbikishwa kuko inzu yabagamo yari yarasenyutse inkuta ebyiri asa nurara hanze.
Agira ati "Ndashimira abagore bo muri FPR bantekereje bakabona ko nkwiye gusaza neza, ubu niyo napfa mfite aho baza kunkura. Ubundi inzu yari igiye kungwaho banjyana mu baturanyi ngo babe bancumbikiye, none ubu nabonye iyajye bampaye n’ibyo kurya, ibitenge byo kwambara nta kibazo rwose ubu ngiye kongera kuba inkumi, ndabashimiye rero ntakindi narenzaho".
Nyirabukeye mu nzu yubakiwe
Mukangango Donathila ahagarariye urugaga rw’abagore mu karere ka Gicumbi, avuga ko batoranije uriya mukecuru kuko yari ababaye Kandi ko yari abikwiye.
Yagize ati "Uriya mukecuru inzu yabagamo yari ifite inkuta zasenyutse ariho aba n’umwuzukuruwe utwite, ukabona birababaje! Twashyizemo ingufu turitanga kugirango umukecuru nk’uriya abone aho kuba. Twanamuhaye n’ibuhumbi ijana byo kuzatangiza umushinga umuteza imbere we n’uriya mwuzukuruwe babana".
Guverineri w’intara y’amajyaruguru Gatabazi JMV avuga ko ko aba bagore Ari abo gushimirwa kuko bari gufasha Leta gukemura ibibazo by’abatagira aho kuba.
Guverineri Gatabazi ashyikiriza amafaranga Nyirabukeye
Guverineri Gatabazi yagize ati, "Muri iyi ntara turacyafite abantu benshi bafite amazu yashaje cyangwa se bamwe batanayafite, iki gitekerezo rero cy’abagore bibumbiye mu muryango wa RPF inkotanyi bagize cyo kubakira bagenzi babo bakanabagurira ibikoresho byo mu rugo, barakoze Kandi baritanze, n’abandi bose bajye bareberaho, bagiye bakora nka bo ibyo bibazo byakemuka tutiriwe tugora Leta kuko natwe ubwacu turashoboye".
Aba bagore bamaze kubaka inzu eshanu muri iyi ntara aho buri karere bagiye batoranyamo umugore umwe ukennye kandi utagira inzu bakamwubakira bakanamuha ibikoresho byo munzu, ibyo kurya, imyambaro ndetse n’amafranga ibihumbi ijana byo gutangira umushinga, ibi bikorwa byose bikaba byarabatwaye asaga miriyoni 28.
Intara y’Amajyaruguru kuri ubu ifite amazu agera kuri 370 igomba kubaka bitarenze uku kwezi kwa 12 kuko bihaye intego ko bagomba kugera muri 2020 nta muntu n’umwe ugifite ikibazo cyaho kuba.


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Byatangajwe kuri uyu wa Kabiri ubwo RIB yahakomerezaga ubukangurambaga buri gukorerwa mu mashuri yisumbuye, mu rwego rwo gukangurira urubyiruko kwirinda ibyaha.
RIB yagaragaje ko kuva muri 2018- 2021 hakiriwe amadosiye asaga 12 000 y’ibyaha byo gusambanya abana, bituma iki cyaha kiza ku isonga mu bikorerwa urubyiruko.
Ubu bukangurambaga bugamije gukumira ibyaha, bufite insanganyamatsiko igira iti “Uruhare rwanjye mu kurwanya ibyaha byo gusambanya abana, ibiyobyabwenge n’ibindi byaha byibasiye urubyiruko”.
RIB, yerekanye ko icyaha cyo gufata ku ngufu no gusambanya abana kiza ku isonga muri ibyo byaha byibasiye urubyiruko.
Mu byaha urwo rubyiruko rweretswe ko bibugarije mu kubikorerwa no kubikora, birimo ibifitanye isano no gufatwa ku ngufu, gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge, iby’icuruzwa ry’abantu, ingengabitekerezo y’ubuhezanguni ishingiye ku myemerere n’ibindi.
Umunyamabanga Mukuru w’Urwego rw’Igihugu rw’Ubugenzacyaha, RIB, Col Jeannot K. Ruhunga, yasabye abanyeshuri bitabiriye ibi biganiro kuba maso kandi bakagira amakenga ku bintu byose byabakururira kwishora mu byaha.
Yagize ati “Turi mu bukangurambaga bugamije gukumira ibyaha mu rubyiruko kuko umubare munini w’ibyaha tubona nibo babikora abandi bakabikorerwa, uko dukangurira abantu niko bagenda babimenya bakabivuga kugeza aho abantu babisobanukirwa bakabyirinda. Icyo tubasaba ni ukubivuga bakabitangaho amakuru n’ababikora bakabitinya.”
Col Ruhunga yavuze ko kwishora mu byaha k’urubyiruko, bigira ingaruka mbi ku iterambere ry’igihugu.
Ati “Turasaba abanyeshuri kwirinda ibyaha kuko bibadindiza mu iterambere ababyeyi babo baba barabateguriye, ahubwo babitangeho amakuru aho babibonye n’aho babiketse."
Bamwe mu banyeshuri bo muri Sonrise School bibumbiye mu Ihuriro Rishinzwe kurwanya ibyaha (Anti Corruption Club) bagaragaje ko ibi biganiro byabahaye impamba nini bagiye kwifashisha mu gufasha urubyiruko bagenzi babo mu kurushaho kumenya ububi bw’ibyaha no kubyirinda.
Gasana Levis, yagize ati “Icyo nkuye muri ibi biganiro ni ukumenya ibyaha bitwugarije n’amayeri akoreshwa mu kubidushoramo. Ngiye gushishikariza bagenzi banjye kwirinda ibyaha. Ubu twongerewe ubumenyi natwe tugiye kwegera abanyeshuri bagenzi bacu tubafashe kumenya ibyaha babyirinde, birinde ababizeza akazi, ababashora mu busambanyi no gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge babyirinde kuko byangiza ubuzima bwabo kandi ari twe imbaraga z’igihugu.”
Aser Grace na we yagize ati “Ibi biganiro binsigiye isomo kuko nabonye ko hari urubyiruko rukora ibyaha n’ababikorerwa. Icyo tugiye gukora ni ugutanga amakuru kare aho tubiketse ndetse n’urundi rubyiruko tukarushishikariza kujya runyurwa n’ibyo ababyeyi babo babageneye, ntibajye gushakisha ibindi ahandi.”
Umuyobozi wa Sonrise School, Rev Gakwerere Cyprien, yavuze ko bagiye gukomerezaho ubu bukangurambaga bwo gukumira ibyaha mu rubyiruko mu banyeshuri barera kuko kurwanya ibyaha ari urugamba rwa bose.
Yagize ati “RIB itubereye urumuri natwe tubonye aho gukomereza. Turashyira imbaraga mu gukora dukangura aba bana, nabo nibabimenya babikangurire n’abandi. Ibi byaha birahangayikishije kuko byibasiye urubyiruko. Tugomba kubirwanya kuko byangiza inzozi z’umuntu.”
Umuyobozi w’Intara y’Amajyaruguru, Nyirarugero Dancille, yasabye urubyiruko kumva neza ububi bw’ibyaha n’ingaruka bibagiraho.
Yagize ati “Turabasaba gutangira amakuru ku gihe ahantu hose bakeka abashaka kubibashoramo. Dufite ingamba zo gukomeza ubu bukangurambaga ku buryo buri wese abigira ibye ahagaragaye ikibazo kikajya kivugwa kigafatirwa ingamba hakiri kare."
Urwego rw’Igihugu rushinzwe Ubugenzacyaha, RIB, ruvuga ko kuva muri 2018- 2021 rwakiriye ibirego bigera ku 12 840 by’amadosiye y’ibirego byo gusambanya abana bagera ku 13 646 mu gihe abagera ku 13 485 babikurikiranyweho. Intara y’Amajyaruguru ifitemo dosiye zigera ku 1570.


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Abatagatifu bafite umwanya ukomeye mu buzima bwa Kiliziya, kuko ari abakristu barangije urugendo hano ku isi, bakaba bari kumwe n’Imana mu byishimo byinshi. Abatangajwe ni bo tuzi, hari abandi benshi tutazi.
Twemera ko dufitanye isano n’abatagatifu bose, kuko turi abana b’Umubyeyi umwe. Baradukunda, baraturinda, bakatubera urugero. Umuntu avuka muri uwo muryango w’abatagatifu bose ku bwa batisimu, ari nayo mpamvu ahabwa izina rishya rya gikirisitu. Uko ahitamo izina rya gikirisitu, ni nako aba ahisemo umutagatifu ashima ho umurinzi, ari na we ashaka gukurikiza.
Abatagatifu ni abavandimwe bacu, baradutegereje, tuzabasanga mu Bwami bw’ijuru. Kugira ngo tumenye neza abatagatifu, twatangaje kuri uru rubuga amateka yaranze bamwe na bamwe mu batagatifu; maze kubamenya bizadufashe kubisunga no kubitirira abana bazatuvukaho.
Kwemera ko umuntu ari umutagatifu hanyuma ukamuhimbaza, ni uguhamya ubutungane bwe, bisobanura kwemera ubucuti bwe n’Imana. Ariko se bigenda bite kugira ngo umutagatifu ave ku rwego rwo kwemerwa na bamwe cyangwa abamuzi gusa agere ku rwego rwo kwemerwa na Kiliziya yose?
Ugendeye ku mateka, usanga byarabanzirije muri kiriziya zo (amaparuwasi) mu karere runaka zahamyaga ubutagatifu bw’Abakristu bazo; nyuma bigera ku rwego rwa za diyosezi Abasenyeri bakemeza ko abo batagatifu bashobora guhimbazwa muri diyosezi cyangwa se nabo ubwabo bakagira abandi batagatifu bemeza, bagasaba ko Abakristu bo muri diyosezi baragijwe babahimbaza; nyuma ubwo burenganzira bwo guhamya abatagatifu bwaje kwegurirwa Nyirubutungane Papa, Umushumba Mukuru wa Kiliziya yose.
Abatagatifu ba mbere babaye “Abahowe Imana”. Imiryango y’Abakristu bo mu ikubitiro yatangariye, kandi ishimagiza ubutwari bw’abahowe Imana, bakajya babibuka mu makoraniro yabo.
Guhimbaza abahowe Imana biragaragara ko ari ibintu byikoze (spontané) mu makoraniro y’Abakristu. Uko guhamya ubutungane bw’Abahowe Imana bigaragazwa n'ingoro zubatswe hafi y’imva cyangwa ku mva ubwayo y’uwahowe Imana, mu biterane byakorwaga n’Abakristu kugira ngo bizihize itariki ngarukamwaka y’iyicwa ry’uwahowe Imana, no mu kwandika izina ry’uwahowe Imana muri kalendari ya Kiliziya. Igituro cy’uwahowe Imana kigirwa ‘ahantu nyaburanga’hakorerwa ingendo nyobokamana.
Ibintu bibiri byakomeje kwigaragaza cyane mu mihango yo guhimbaza Abahowe Imana : ibigwi by’uwahowe Imana n’ibitangaza bimwitirirwa. Kuvuga ibigwi by’uwahowe Imana ni ukurondora ibikorwa by’ubutwari byamuranze. Mu guhimbaza uwo umunsi mukuru basoma Ivanjiri y’ububabare bwa Kristu. Ibitangaza, ni ibikorwa bidasanzwe bigaragaza ububasha ndengakamere, nk’ikimenyetso gihamya koko ubucuti buri hagati y’Imana n’Uwayihowe. Niyo mpamvu ibitangaza bihabwa agaciro gakomeye mu guhamya ubutagatifu.
Ahagana mu kinyejana cya kane, imbaga y’abakristu siyo yonyine yahimbazaga umutagatifu, ahubwo na padiri mukuru wa paruwasi, cyangwa umuyobozi w’ikigo cy’Abihayimana, kimwe n’umusaseridoti bashoboraga gusaba Abakristu cyangwa Abihayimana guhimbaza undi mutagatifu mushya.
Ku ruhande rumwe, igihe muri iyo mihango batumiyemo Umwepisikopi, byabaga ari ukugira ngo guhimbaza uwo mutagatifu birusheho kwamamara no kugira ngo bye kuba gusa umwihariko w’urusisiro cyangwa uw’akarere runaka cyangwa se uw’ikigo cy’Abihayimana.
Ku rundi ruhande, Umwepiskopi ku giti cye, yafataga icyemezo cyo guhimbaza umutagatifu, cyane cyane guhimbaza Abepiskopi bamubanzirije. Ni muri urwo rwego abatagatifu b’abepisikopi dusanga ari abo benshi hagati y’ikinyejana cya 6 n’icya 8.
Inama Nkuru ya Kiliziya yabereye i Mayansi (Mayence) mu mwaka wa 813 yemeje ko abafite ububasha bwo gushyira abantu mu rwego rw’abatagatifu ari : igikomangoma, umwepiskopi na sinodi. Cyakora nta na rimwe ibikomangoma byigeze bikoresha ubu bubasha.
Kugirango bahamye umutagatifu, kenshi na kenshi byagiye bibaho ko abepiskopi babanza kwiyambaza bagenzi babo : guhamya umutagatifu bikozwe n’abepiskopi benshi cyangwa bikorewe mu nama y’Abepiskopi y’akarere cyangwa y’igihugu byarushagaho kwamamara kurusha uko bikorewe gusa muri Kiliziya yegereye imva y’uwo mutagatifu.
Mu mwaka wa 993, Myr Lintolf, umushumba wa Osuburu (Augsbourg) yagize igitekerezo cyo guhamya ubutagatifu bwa Myr Yurici (Ulrich) wamubanzirije bikozwe na Nyirubutungane Papa ubwe. Mu Nama Nkuru ya Kiliziya yaberaga i Roma, iyobowe na Papa Piyo wa 15, Myr Lintolf yasomeye abashumba ba Kiliziya imibereho n’ubuzima bwa Myr Ulrich birabanyura. Nibwo rero Papa Piyo wa 15 yemeye guhamya ubutungane bwa Myr Ulrich. Iryo niryo hamya rya mbere ry’umutagatifu ryakozwe n’Umushumba Mukuru wa Kiliziya, ariko byagombye gutegereza umwaka w’1215 kugira ngo Inama Nkuru ya Kiliziya yabereye i Latarani (Concile de Latran) yemeze ko Nyirubutungane Papa ari we wenyine ufite ububasha bwo guhamya ibigwi by’intungane kugira ngo Abakristu bamuhimbaze. N’ubwo bwose muri iyi Nama Nkuru y'i Latarani bateruye ngo babyite guhamya ubutagatifu, ariko rero nta tandukaniro ribirimo, byose ni kimwe.
Guhamya ubutagatifu bikozwe na Nyirubutungane Papa byabyaye urubanza nyirizina ruhamya ubutungane. Urubanza rumenyesha ubutungane bw’umukandida muri diyosezi yabayemo. Urwo rubanza rukagenzura ibikorwa by’ubutwari n’imico myiza byamuranze, kandi rukemeza koko ko habaye ibitangaza byakozwe n’uwo mukandida. Nyuma habaho urubanza nyakuri rubera i Roma ruyobowe n’Abakaridinari bashyizweho na Papa. Iyo imyanzuro y’urwo rubanza ishimishije, ikagaragaza koko ko ibimenyetso byatanzwe ku mukandida bifite ishingiro, Nyirubutungane Papa atumiza inama ibishinzwe (Consistoire) kugira ngo ifate icyemezo cya nyuma (gushyira mu rwego rw’Abahire no gushyira mu rwego rw’Abatagatifu).


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Umunyu
Umunyu
Imyunyu ngugu kimwe na za vitamini ni ingenzi ku buzima bw’umuntu. Imyunyu ngugu yihariye 4% by’uburemere bw’umubiri w’umuntu. Imwe muri yo igomba kuboneka buri munsi kandi ku rugero ruhagije. Aho twavuga nka sodiyumu (umunyu), potasiyumu, kalisiyumu, feri, manyeziyumu na fosifori.
Nk’uko aya makuru akomeza abivuga ngo ubusanzwe umubiri ukenera umunyu kugira ngo ugire uruhare mu kuringaniza ubwinshi bw’amazi mu mubiri (régulation de l’eau).
Umubiri wongera kandi gukenera umunyu mu mikorere y’imyakura no mu mikorerere myiza y’inzira zijyana ubutumwa ku bwonko. Aha gatatu umunyu wongera gukenerwa mu mubiri ni mu mikorere myiza y’inyama zitwikiriye amagufwa. Umunyu wo mu gikoni uba ugizwe n’umunyu ngugu wa sodiyumu (Na+) n’uwa chlore (Cl-).
Aya makuru kandi avuga ko ubwinshi bw’umunyu ngugu wa sodiyumu bushobora guteza ibibazo bitari bike mu mubiri. Aha bavuga ko iyo ukabije kuba mwinshi ushobora gutuma habaho ubwiyonegre bw’umuvuduko w’amaraso mu buryo butunguranye kandi ukaba wanakwangiza impyiko mu gihe ukabije kuba mwinshi.
Uyu munyu kandi mu gihe uhuye n’amazi bikagera ku mubiri bishobora kwangiza uruhu. Aha bavuga ko bikunze kubaho mu gihe umunyu uhuye n’icyuya cyabaye amazi. Iyi mvange kandi yangiza amaso, ariko mu gihe kitari kinini.
Iyi myunyu kandi mu gihe igeze mu myanya y’ubuhumekero ishobora kuyangiza rimwe na rimwe igatera inkorora cyangwa guhumeka nabi. Aha bavuga ko ari bibi cyane ko umunyu wagera mu maso kuko ushobora gutera ubuhumyi buhoraho.


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« Itegeko ridasobanutse » ritegurwa na Leta idasobanutse, rigatorwa n’Intekonshingamategeko idasobanutse, rigashyirwa mu bikorwa n’Ubucamanza budasobanutse ! Iryo ni ihame. Namwe rero mumbwire aho igihugu cy’u Rwanda gihagaze!
Iryo tegeko riteye ikibazo ni Itegeko No 18/2008 ryo kuwa 23 Nyakanga 2008 rihana ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside. Ni itegeko rigufi cyane , rigizwe n’utugingo 16 gusa, ariko ntibyaribujije gukora ishyano kuko mu by’ukuri rigaragara nk’itegeko ryashyiriweho guhungeta Abanyarwanda bo mu bwoko bumwe ! Harya minisitiri w’Ubutabera warishyizeho umukono icyo gihe yitwaga nde? Ikimwaro nticyica !
Uwabona Minisitiri Karugarama yigira nyoni nyinshi, ngo iryo tegeko rihana ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside ntiryari risobanutse wagira ngo ryahurudutse mu ijuru ribituraho batazi iyo riva n’iyo rijya! Wagira ngo ryateguwe na Leta yabanje , dore ko ariyo yahindutse Nyirurutwerunini rutarengwa n’imijugujugu yose !
I. Itegeko rijyaho rite ? Rinyura mu zihe nzira?
Ntiriwe mvuga ko mu gihugu cyacu hariho amategeko atanditse aturuka mu muco (Coutume) ariko ashobora kwitabazwa n’inkiko rimwe na rimwe, reka mbanze nibutse ababikeneye ko mu gihugu icyo ari cyo cyose habaho ubwoko bwinshi bw’inyandiko zishobora guhabwa izina rusange ry’amategeko (règles de droit) ariko akarutanwa mu cyubahiro no mu gaciro. Sinirirwa ntinda ku mategeko y’amashyirahamwe yigenga n’ibigo binyuranye (Associations, Sociétés, ONG…): Urugero rutari kure ni nk’amategeko agenga Kiliziya gatolika n’Abihayimana bayo (Droit Canonique), akurikizwa n’abayemera Leta itagombye kubyivangamo.
Muri rusange rero, ku ruhande rw’ubutegetsi bw’igihugu, ubwoko bw’ingenzi bw’amategeko, ( harebwe gusa abayashyiraho), ni ubu bukurikira:
(1)Hari amabwiriza y’abayobozi b’inzego z’ibanze( Akagari-Umurenge-Akarere-Intara) n’ay’abaministre (Decrets, Circulaires, … ) .
(2)Hari amategeko-teka (Decret-loi) ya Minisitiri w’Intebe cyangwa Perezida wa Repubulika.
(3)Hari ibyemezo by’Inkiko (Décisions, Arrêts…)
(4)Hakaba amategeko atorwa n’Intekonshingamategeko.
(5)Hakaza n’Itegekonshinga.
(6)Sinakwibagirwa n’amategeko mpuzamahanga akurikizwa mu Rwanda bitewe n’uko Leta yemeye kuyashyiraho umukono (ratification).
Amabwiriza agira agaciro bitewe n’uyatanze, kandi akagira akamaro mu rwego abereye umuyobozi gusa.
Urugero : Amabwiriza atanzwe n’umuyobozi w’umurenge, agira agaciro muri uwo murenge gusa, akaba areba abaturage b’uwo murenge bonyine cyangwa se abahakorera.
Buri muyobozi kandi agira ububasha atangomba kurenza agenerwa n’amategeko (iyo ariho, abategetsi badakorera mu cyuka gusa!) .
Urugero : Umuyobozi w’akagari si we ugena uko imisoro igomba gutangwa mu gihugu ! Ni ububasha bumurenze ! Nyamara se, ba Nyumbakumi si bo birirwa batesha abaturage umutwe, bazamura ibiciro uko bishakiye……kugeza n’ubwo bajya kwiziturira ihene ku kiziriko ikagurishwa !!!! Umucuri uragwira !
Itegeko- nshinga
Itegeko riruta ayandi mu gihugu ni Itegekonshinga(Constitution). Mu buryo busanzwe, Itegekonshinga rishyirwaho n’abenegihugu bose binyuze mu nzira y’amatora yitwa Referendum. Itegekonshinga niryo riba rikubiyemo ikintu gisa n’amasezerano (Contrat social) abenegihugu bayoborwa bagirana n’abategetsi babo. Bene ayo matora aheruka mu Rwanda mu mwaka w’2003. Itegekonshinga ryatangajwe taliki ya 4 kamena 2003, ryagiye rihindurwa kenshi n’Intekonshingamategeko , kandi koko ibifitiye ububasha , iyo ihindura zimwe mu ngingo zitari ingenzi cyane. Iyo bibaye ngombwa guhindura ingingo zikomeye cyane(modification substantielle) , icyo gihe byakabaye ngombwa kongera kubaza rubanda . Ikibazo ni ukumenya niba ibyo Inteko y’u Rwanda ihora yongera cyangwa ikura mu Itegekonshinga ari ibifitiye abaturage bose akamaro koko!
Andi mategeko yose n’amabwiriza agomba kwirinda kuvuguruza Itegekonshinga . Nyamara twabonye ukuntu Perezida Kagame yihandagaza mu ruhame, ntawe yabajije, atabifitiye n’ububasha, ati “Igifaransa kiraciwe mu Rwanda”, kandi bikaba ! Ahari nta wibutse no kumurya akara ngo umubwire ati sigaho byanditse mu itegeko nshinga, Ingingo ya 5, ko indimi zikoreshwa ari Ikinyarwanda, Igifaransa n’Icyongereza ! Bishatse kuvuga ko mu mutwe wa Perezida Kagame, Itegekonshinga ari impapuro ashobora gusuzugura uko yishakiye !!! Akaga karagwira !
Iyo itegekonshinga ritubahirizwa n’umukuru w’Igihugu, ntimugategereze ko andi mategeko hari agaciro yahabwa ! Icyo gihe ahubwo ubutegetsi bwe buba bushobora no gutegura no gutoresha andi mategeko agenewe kugirira nabi igice kimwe cy’abenegihugu. Si rimwe gusa byabaye!
Amategeko atorwa n’Intekonshingamategeko
Niyo izina ahabwa izina “itegeko” (Loi), ku buryo bw’umwihariko. Ririya tegeko rigena kandi rigahana icyaha cy’ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside ribarizwa muri iki cyiciro. Ni amategeko afata inzira ndende kugira ngo yemezwe: Abanza kuba imbanzirizamushinga ikozwe n’umuminisitiri cyangwa intumwa ya rubanda; nyuma iyo mbazirizamushinga ikaza kwigwa na Komisiyo y’abadepite cyangwa inama y’abaminisitiri, yahabwa agaciro ikaba ibaye umushinga w’itegeko , ushyikirizwa intekonshingamatekeko; watorwa ukaba ubaye itegeko. Nyamara kugeza aho iryo tegeko ntirishobora gushyirwa mu bikorwa ritabanje :
(1)Gusinywa na Ministre rireba ndetse na Perezida wa Repubulika.
(2)Gutanganzwa mu Igazeti ya Repubulika y’u Rwanda.
(3)Kubanzirizwa n’iteka rya Ministre ushinzwe kurishyira mu bikorwa (Decret d’application) risobanura utugingo tunyuranye twerekana uko iryo tegeko rigomba gushyirwa mu bikorwa.
Ibyo byose iyo birangiye nibwo inkiko zitangira kurikoresha mu manza zigengwa na ryo!
Icyo iyo nzira ndende yashyiriweho , nta kindi kitari ukugira ngo iryo tegeko rinyure ku bantu benshi bashishoza kandi bashyira mu gaciro , bityo bikaba byafasha kwirinda ko hahita itegeko rirenganya rubanda cyangwa rifite ubusembwa bukomeye !
Iyo Ministre Karugarama atoboye akidoga ati iri tegeko ntiryari risobanutse, bishobora gusobanura kimwe muri ibi bintu bine bikurikira cyangwa byose hamwe :
(1)Ziriya nzego zose itegeko ryanyuzemo kugera ryemejwe nazo ntizisobanutse kuko ari abaswa bakora ibyo batazi .
(2)Ziriya nzego zose ryanyuzemo zari zifite ubushake bugaragara bwo kugirira nabi igice kimwe cy’Abanyarwanda kirebwa n’iryo tegeko.
(3) Ziriya nzego zose ryanyuzemo bari ku ngoyi y’Agatsiko gato gasanzwe kabahatira gusinya amategeko arenganya rubanda.
(4)Uko wagoragoza kose, abari muri ziriya nzego zose ryanyuzemo ntacyo bamaze. Rubanda ikwiye kubakuraho icyizere burundu.
II. Tubyumve kimwe
Icyo nkundiye Ministre Karugarama, ni uko, bibaye ubwa mbere mu mateka, afashije Leta y’Agatsiko-Sajya kutihagararaho mu mafuti abonwa na bose, kakemera ku mugaragaro ko ririya tegeko ridasobanutse ryarenganyije igice kimwe cy’abenegihugu! Nubwo ameze nk’uwisamye ariko yasandaye, ndumva namukora mu ntoki aho agira ati :“ ntabwo wareba umuntu uko asa, cyangwa uko yitwara cyangwa ahumeka ngo uvuge ko umubonyemo ingengabitekerezo kuko udafite igikorwa cyagaragajwe n’ibyo bitekerezo.”
(1) Nk’uko Ministre abyivugira, abantu banyuranye bari baramaganye ririya tegeko kuva ryatangira, ariko Leta yica amatwi. Aragira ati “kunengwa kw’ iryo tegeko kwagiye guturuka mu bantu batandukanye barimo imiryango yo mu gihugu imbere itabogamiye kuri Leta, abatavuga rumwe na Leta n’imiryango mpuzamahanga”.
(2) Karugarama aravuga ko iri tegeko ritari risobanutse ku buryo n’abacamanza ubwabo batumvaga icyo ryaba ryenda kuvuga”.
(3)Aho gukomeza kujijisha avuga ngo “….bigatuma hariho abagiye batsinda kandi bari bakwiye gutsindwa.”, Karugarama niyemere nta mananiza ko « iri tegeko rye » ryarenganyije Abanyarwanda barenga ibihumbi 10, bashinjwe icyaha kitabaho, bagahabwa ibihano bikaze cyane (kugera ku gifungo cya burundu !), ubuzima bwabo bukahangirikira, imitungo yabo igasandara, imiryango yabo igatatana , igapfa nabi !
(4) Kubera izo mpamvu zose , ririya ngirwa-tegeko ntirikwiye kongera gukorogoshorwa (amandement) kuko nta kindi byaba bigamije uretse gukomeza kuryifashisha mu gukanda Abanyarwanda b’inzirakarengane.
(5) Kuvuga ko ari itegeko ridasobanutse ni uburyo bwo gusetsa hagamijwe kurangaza Abanyarwanda no koroshya icyaha ubundi gikomeye cyane! Uwakwitegereza neza ingaruka mbi zikaze ryagize ku Banyarwanda batari bake, yahita yemeza ko ari “itegeko-kirimbuzi,” “une loi criminelle”, ryashyizweho nkana, hagamijwe cyane cyane gucecekesha abantu mu Nkiko Gacaca no gufunga umunwa burundu abanyapolitiki batavuga rumwe n’Agatsiko-Sajya. Ntibagashake kwifatira rubanda, nta wundi mutima mwiza ubateye kuvuga ngo ntiryari risobanutse ! Ahubwo ubutumwa bwaryo bwo kugira nabi burarangiye none batangiye kugonda ijosi ngo barashaka ko rivuguruwa !
Mu by’ukuri abarishyizeho bari bakwiye gukurikiranwa n’inzego z’ubutabera. Kandi n’ubundi amaherezo bizaba. Ministre Karugarama ashatse yakwerura agasaba imbabazi ku mugaragaro yenda yazagabanyirizwa ibihano, igihe cye kigeze.
Umwanzuro
(1)Itegeko No 18/2008 ryo kuwa 23 Nyakanga 2008 rihana ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside, rikwiye gukurwa mu nzira (abrogation), igitaraganya.
(2) Kandi abo ryahekuye bagomba gusubizwa uburenganzira bwabo (réhabilitation) ndetse bagahabwa n’impozamarira(D.I).
(3) Abagifunzwe naryo bakwiye guhita bafungurwa.
Bitabaye ibyo, Leta y’Agatsiko iraba yemeye kuberwa n’akazina kayo Ministre Karugarama ayihaye ka « LETA IDASOBANUTSE », inaniwe , ngome , ikwiye gucyura igihe!
Padiri Thomas Nahimana,
Master en Droit
Nawe isomere iryo tegeko hasi aho :
http://rwanda-in-liberation.blogvie.com/2012/07/10/itegeko-ryu-rwanda-riteganya-kandi-rihana-icyaha-cyingengabitekerezo-ya-jenoside/


text:
UMUNSI WA MUNANI : 08/11/2020
« Murabe maso kuko mutazi isaha n’umunsi »( Matayo 25,13)
I. DORE LINK Y’ABIFUZA KUZA KWINJIRA MU CYUMBA :
Participer à la réunion Zoom
https://us02web.zoom.us/j/87860710909?pwd=TmdpN3l1WDllOTZJR0hKY3N6K2xXZz09
ID de réunion : 878 6071 0909
Code secret : 089318
II. INDIRIMBO : Akira uru Rwanda Mana ihoraho
III. ICYIFUZO : Gusabira imfubyi n’abapfakazi
V. AMASENGESHO Y’INTANGIRIRO
Nemera Imana Data
Dawe uri mu ijuru x3
Ndakuramutsa Mariya x3
Isengesho ryo kwicuza ibyaha
Isengesho ryo kwemera
Isengesho ryo kwizera
Isengesho ryo gukunda
V. ISOMO: Matayo 25, 1-13
VI.UMUSOZO
Isengesho rya Mutara III RUDAHIGWA atura u Rwanda Kristu Umwami
Isengesho ryo Kwisunga Kizito MIHIGO
VII. AMASENGESHO
1.𝗡𝗗𝗘𝗠𝗘𝗥𝗔 𝗜𝗠𝗔𝗡𝗔 𝗗𝗔𝗧𝗔
Nemera Imana Data, Ushobora byose waremye ijuru n’isi. Nemera n’Umwana we w’ikinege, Yezu Kristu Umwami wacu, wasamwe ku bwa Roho Mutagatifu akabyarwa na Bikira Mariya, akababara ku ngoma ya Ponsiyo Pilato, akabambwa ku musaraba agapfa, agahambwa, akamanukira mu irimbi. Ku munsi wa gatatu akazuka, akajya mu ijuru akaba yicaye iburyo bw’Imana Data ishobora byose, ni ho azava aje gucira urubanza abazima n’abapfuye. Nemera Roho Mutagatifu, na Kiliziya Gatolika Ntagatifu, n’urusange rw’abatagatifu, n’uko abanyabyaha babikizwa, n’uko abantu bazazuka bakabaho iteka. 𝗔𝗺𝗶𝗻𝗮
2.DAWE URI MU IJURU
Dawe uri mu ijuru, izina ryawe ryubahwe
Ingoma yawe yogere hose
Icyo ushaka gikorwe munsi, nk’uko gikorwa mu ijuru
Ifunguro ridutunga uriduhe none
Utubabarire ubicumuro byacu
Nk’uko natwe tubabarira abaducumuyeho
Ntudutererane mubitwoshya, ahubwo udukize icyago.
Amina.
3.NDAKURAMUTSA MARIYA
Ndakuramutsa Mariya, wuje inema uhorana n’Imana
Wahebuje abagore bose umugisha
Na Yezu umwana wabyaye arasingizwa,
Mariya mutagatifu mubyeyi w’Imana
Urajye udusabira kuri ubu, n’igihe tuzapfira.
Amina.
4.ISENGESHO RYO KWICUZA IBYAHA
Nyagasani ibyaha nakugiriye byose ndabyanze kuko binteranya nawe bikadutandukanya ari wowe untunga ukandengera iteka, kandi ndabyangira ko byicishije Yezu Kristu Umwana wawe ukunda, Dawe ubinkize sinshaka kubisubira, ndashaka kuba uwawe.
Amen
6.ISENGESHO RYO KWEMERA
Mana yanjye, ndemera ibyo Kiliziya Gatolika yemera kandi yigisha , kuko yabibwiwe nawe utabasha kuyba no kutuyobya.
Amen
7.ISENGESHO RYO KWIZERA.
Mana yanjye, nizeye yuko uzagirira Yezu Kristu, ukampa inema zawe munsi , maze ninita ku mategeko yawe ukazambeshaho iteka mu ijuru, nk’uko wabidusezeranije, kandi ukaba utica isezerano ,
Amina.
8.ISENGESHO RYO GUKUNDA
Mana yanjye, ndagukunda rwose kuko nta we muhwanyije ubwiza, uhebuza byose gukundwa, kandi nkunda abandi uko nikunda ngiriye wowe.
Amen.
VII. GUSOZA
1.ISENGESHO RY’UMWAMI MUTARA III RUDAHIGWA UBWO YARURAGA U RWANDA KRISTU UMWAMI.
* Umuhango wo gutura igihugu cy’u Rwanda Kristu Umwami, wabaye mu kwezi k’Ukwakira mu 1946, wabaye iminsi itatu yikurikiranya, kuva ku ya 26, 27 kugera ku ya 28 z’uko kwezi.
* Habaye igitambo cya misa nuko misa ihumuje umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa yigiye imbere hafi ya Altari, maze arapfukama avuga isengesho ryo gutura u Rwanda Kristu Umwami, agira ati:
» Nyagasani Yezu, Mwami w’abantu bose n’uw’imiryango yose; wowe hamwe n’Umubyeyi wawe Bikira Mariya, Umugabekazi w’ijuru n’isi. Jyewe Mutara Karoli Lewo Petero Rudahigwa, ndapfukamye ngo nemeze ko ari mwe Bagenga b’inteko b’u Rwanda, mukagomba no kutubera umuzi ushingiweho n’ubutegetsi bwarwo n’ingoma yarwo.
Nyagasani Kristu Mwami, ni wowe warwiremeye, uruha abategetsi bo kurugenga mu izina ryawe. Ugumya kurugwiza, uruyobora ku ngoma nyinshi tutarakumenya. Igihe wabirindirije ubonye kigeze, uruha kongeramo ingoma yawe, uruzanamo intumwa zawe zo kurugwizamo urumuri rw’amahame abeshaho iteka. Urwoherezamo kandi n’abo kururera ngo barwigishe ubutegetsi, barutoze amajyambere y’ibyiza bikiza byose hano mu nsi.
Natwe abanyarwanda twese twemeje ku mugaragaro ko tukuyobotse, ukaba uri Umwami wacu. Twakiranye icyubahiro amahame abeshaho y’ubwami bwawe. Mwimanyi, nguhaye igihugu cyanjye cyose, abo tuva inda imwe, nanjye ubwanjye.
Abagabo barutuyemo, ubahe umutima w’ubudacogora mw’ishyaka barurwanira ryo kurushyira imbere no kurukomezamo amahoro wazaniye isi yose. Ubavanemo imico ya kera yo kugirirana nabi no guhuguzanya, no kubeshyana, no kwiba no kwambura, n’izindi ngeso mbi zose zidahuje n’ubuvandimwe wifuza kubona bwirambuye mu ngoma yawe. Ubagwizemo inema zibamurikira, zibajijura, zibavanemo ubunebwe n’ingeso zindi zose za gipagani zirenga itegeko ryo gusenga wowe wenyine Mungu waremye byose.
Abagore ubahe umutima w’ubudahinyuka, barubere mu nteko barutegeye urugori, barere neza abana waduhereye kurugwiza. Bareme imitima yabo, bayishyiremo icyubahiro cyawe n’urukundo rw’ingoma yawe, n’urw’igihugu cyacu cy’u Rwanda. Ingo rero zarwo zose uzikomezemo amahoro, abashakanye bahuze imitima, babe nk’umubiri umwe nk’uko nawe umeranye na Kiliziya yawe.
Abatware ubahe kurutegekana ubutabera, barutsindemo uburengane n’imigenzo mibi yindi yose inyuranyije n’ubutungane watwigishije. Ubwabo ubakomezemo umwete wo kwirinda ingeso za gipagani zo kwangana no kwiremamo ibice by’inzangano byatuma urukundo utwifuzamo rudashinga imizi mu gihugu cyawe. Ubatsindire guhendana ubwenge no guhemukirana mu nama bajya zo kugutunganyiriza u Rwanda wabaragije. Ubarinde kurenga ku masezerano no kwica umugenzo mwiza w’ubwangamugayo. Ubahe guca imanza zitunganye no kutagira uwo barenganya ngo barengere uwo bikundiye. Ubatsindire kurwarana inzika, no kugira uwo bayirwara mu ngabo zabo. Ubahe kwirinda kugira uwo bagambanira cyangwa ubagambanaho byo kurenganya umuntu n’umwe mu Rwanda rwawe. Ubavaneho rero imigenzo yose ya gipagani inyuranyije n’ubutegetsi bw’ingoma yawe.
Intumwa zawe zazanywe no kutwigisha amahame y’ibibeshaho iteka, n’abazanywe no kuyobora inzira y’ibyerekeye amajyambere, natwe bene igihugu twese, dushyire hamwe dutunganye imirimo yacu, dushyizeho umwete ari Wowe tuyikorera, n’amahanga yose uko angana, tugusingize mu ruhame tugira tuti: Kristu Umwami n’Umubyeyi we Bikira Mariya baragahorana ibumbye byose, ubungubu ingoma n’iteka ryose. Amina.
2.ISENGESHO RYO KWISUNGA INTUMWA Y’IMANA MIHIGO KIZITO W’I KIBEHO (Turivuga buri munsi saa cyenda)
DUSABE:
Mana Data Nyirubuntu budashira, ukaba Umugenga w’ibihe n’amateka, wakunze isi cyane bigera n’aho uyicunguza Umwana wawe, maze mu bantu utonesha bamwe ngo bakubera abahamya.
Turagushimira tugusingiriza impano wahaye u Rwanda n’isi yose muri KIZITO MIHIGO wavukiye ku butaka butagatifu bwa Kibeho mu mwaka Bikira Mariya Nyina wa Jambo yigaragarije Abanyarwanda.
Wamuhunze impano zitagira ingano, umutaka igikundiro n’uburanga, umutanagisha ijwi rivumera rikarembuza imitima, rimwe rikwiye umuhanzi n’umuhanuzi w’ibihe byose.
Yabanye natwe dusangira ibyiza kimwe n’amagorwa, ariko umutima we awurinda umugera w’urwango n’ubwikunde, arenga amacakubiri atsinda irondakoko, akubera umuhamya ukwiye aho rukomeye.
Yahamije ko ikizakiza u Rwanda, ari ukureshya kw’abana barwo, bakemera ko bose ari bamwe imbere yawe, ndetse ko n’abatabarutse bose bakwiye kwibukwa no gusabirwa, tukava dutyo mu cyunamo kitubundikiye nk’igicuku cy’urupfu, tukemera ko uwazutse yakiriye abacu, kuko hakurya y’imva hari ubugingo.
None rero Mana yacu, Mana idukunda ikumva amaganya yacu, turagutakambiye twiziritse ku gishura cya Nyina wa Jambo, ngo Roho wawe agaragare mu kirere cy’u Rwanda nk’Inuma y’amahoro, tuvugirwe na KIZITO MIHIGO hagaragare ibitangaza bihoza imitima y’abamukunda, bityo utugaragarize ko wamwakiriye iwawe mu Bahire.
Nanjye rero umwana wawe w’umunyabyaha ariko wicujije, mpfukamye imbere yawe ngusaba ngo wuzuze icyifuzo cyanjye, ugirire KIZITO MIHIGO wakunyuze, ngirirwe ubuntu mu byo ngusaba …… (kuvuga icyo wifuza bucece) bitume ndushaho kukubera umusemburo w’amahoro n’ubwiyunge muri iyi si, tube benshi tugushimira, bityo na Kiliziya yawe ivugururwe.
Nawe rero KIZITO MIHIGO mwana wacu, wabaye umuhamya w’ubumwe n’ubwiyunge mu bantu, tuvuganire Ijabiro kwa Jambo aho wadutanze, imihigo yawe tuyigire iyacu, tukwigireho ubutwari dutsinde ubwoba, natwe twitabire guhamya Yezu aho rukomeye kuko amaherezo yacu ari ukubana na We.
Ba umurinzi mwiza w’Akarere k’Ibiyaga Bigari, utoze Afurika yacu kuririmba amahoro n’ubumwe, isi yose ivome iwacu icyo yari yarabuze mu bantu, bityo Imana yacu irusheho guhabwa ikuzo n’icyubahiro.
Ubu n’iteka ryose.
AMINA.


text:
Yaje gutangiza umushinga yitiriye izina rye
Abantu bakurikira radiyo zo mu Rwanda cyanecyane abakunda muzika, bakunze kumva indirimbo nka "Mine" (soma mayini, bisobanura uwange), "Ndashaje", "Mukadata" n’izindi. Izi ndirimbo zaririmbwe na Andy Dick Fred, uzwi nka Andy Bumuntu. Uyu musore w’imyaka 24 yakunze umuziki kuva akiri muto, impano ye ikomeza gukura, none ubu ni umuhanzi w’icyamamare. Igitangaje kuri we ni uko nyuma yaje gutangiza umushinga yitiriye izina rye Bumuntu; uwo mushinga ukaba ufasha urubyiruko, by’umwihariko abakobwa, mu kwiga. Dore ikiganiro yagiranye na Ni Nyampinga.
Ni Nyampinga: Wamenye ko uzi kuririmba ryari?
Andy: (Araseka) Natangiye kumva ko nkunda umuziki mfite imyaka 11. N’ubwo nk’umwana nari mfite utuntu twinshi nakundaga harimo n’umupira w’amaguru, umuziki wakomezaga kuganza cyane kuko wasangaga umwanya munini nkurikirana indirimbo z’abahanzi, ugasanga inyinshi nzizi mu mutwe, nkanaziririmba neza.
Ni Nyampinga: Watubwira urugendo rwawe muri muzika mu magambo make?
Andy: Mu mwaka wa 2009 nakoraga umuziki, nkawuvanga n’amasomo, bigatuma ntawuha umwanya munini. Muri 2012 ni bwo twakoze itsinda ryitwa "Oxymoron", tukajya mu bigo by’amashuri tukaririmba. Muri 2016 naje guhimba indirimbo ngenyine yitwa “Ndashaje”, iramenyekana cyane. Nyuma nabwo mpimba izindi zagiye zikundwa cyane nka “Mine” ndetse na “Mukadata”.
Ni Nyampinga: Ukoresha izihe mbaraga ngo ube uhagaze neza uyu munsi?
Andy: Ubu umuziki ni ko kazi kange, ngakora amasaha menshi. Hari n’igihe ndara muri "studio" cyangwa nkahirirwa kugira ngo umuziki wange ugende neza.
Ni Nyampinga: Ni izihe nyungu ukura mu muziki?
Andy: Nkuramo ibintu byinshi harimo n’amafaranga. Ibi byatumye ntangira umushinga wo gufasha urubyiruko mu kwiga, by’umwihariko abakobwa biga mu mashuri abanza.
Ni Nyampinga: Kuki watekereje ku bakobwa by’umwihariko?
Andy: Abakobwa bahura n’imbogamizi nyinshi zishobora gutuma batiga. Muri zo harimo ubushobozi buke n’ibindi. Ibi byanteye imbaraga zo gukoresha ubushobozi buke mfite maze ntangiza uwo mushinga ubafasha kubona amafaranga y’ishuri n’ibikoresho. Twatangiye muri 2014, ubu tumaze kwishyurira abakobwa 14.
Ni Nyampinga: Abana mufasha mubakura he?
Andy: Dusura ibigo birera imfubyi ndetse tujya no ku mirenge, tukabasaba abana bafite ubushobozi buke.
Ni Nyampinga: : Ni akahe kamaro ko kuba umukobwa yashyigikirwa ?
Andy: Umukobwa iyo ashyigikiwe agera kure hashoboka. Abakobwa bagira ubushake mu byo bakora ndetse inshingano bafite bazikora neza. Rero iyo umushyigikiye by’umwihariko mu kwiga, avamo umuntu ukomeye. Iyo ateye imbere, ateza imbere n’aho atuye. Nkange nkorana n’abakobwa kenshi mu bikorwa byange kuko batuma tugera ku bikorwa bifatika, ndetse nashishikariza n’abandi bahungu ndetse n’abagabo muri rusange gushyigikira abakobwa.
Ni Nyampinga: Ni ubuhe butumwa waha ba Ni Nyampinga?
Andy: Ndabasaba kwiga gukoresha ubwenge n’ubushobozi bifitemo kugira ngo bizamure kandi bazamure na bagenzi babo. Bakobwa, imbaraga zanyu nimuzikoreshe mwubaka ejo hazaza hanyu.


text:
Yanditswe na Izabayo Immaculee.
Inzobere ku ndwara z’umutima ndetse n’izimigarura n’imijyana y’amaraso Prof. Dr. Mucumbitsi Joseph arashishikariza ingimbi n’abangavu kudashora ubuzima bwa bo mu kaga banywa itabi kuko ritera indwara nyinshi ndetse akibutsa abanywa itabi ko kurireka bishoboka ndetse ko uriretse asubirana amahirwe yo kuramba nka mbere.
Muganga Mucumbitsi avuga ko itabi rikoze mu burozi bwa nekotine (nicotine) butuma urinyoye bwa mbere ahora yifuza kongera kurinywa ndetse ntibimworohere kurireka, bityo ukurusha ho kurinywa bikamutera indwara zirimo iz’umutima, iz’ubuhumekero na kanseri zitandukanye.
Mucumbitsi akomeza avuga ko itabi ritica urinyweye gusa ahubwo ko n’uhumekeye aho bari kurinywera na we bimugira ho ingaruka.
Agira, ati: “Itabi uko ryaba rimeze kose ryaba irigira umwotsi ndeste n’iritawugira ni ribi. Ikindi ni uko uguhumekera aho barinywera na byo ari bibi kuko byica abantu 600.000 ku isi hose ku mwaka.”
Akomeza avuga ko kureka itabi bishoboka nubwo bigorana kubera uburozi bwa nekotine butuma uwarinyoye ahorana irari rya ryo.
Ati: “Kureka itabi birashoboka wenda ni uko bihenze mu buryo bw’ubuvuzi ariko birashoboka wenda mu minsi ya mbere biragorana kuko umuntu ashobora kubura ibitotsi, akumva nta mahoro ariko biratinda bikaza.”
Mucumbitsi agaruka ku mayeri abakora itabi bakoresha bagamije gushuka urubyiruko aho barishyira mu dupaki dusa neza, bagakoresha ibyamamare n’imbuga nkoranyambaga bityo akenshi urubyiruko rukagwa muri uwo mutego ari ho ahera asaba abarezi kurushaho kuba hafi y’abangavu n’ingimbi.
Abakora itabi ku isi hose bashora miliyoni 23 z’amadorali ya Amerika mu kureshya abakiriya biganje mo ingimbi n’abangavu, izi nganda ngo ziba zitegura abakiriya b’igihe kizaza kuko urinyweye kare adapfa kurireka.
Iya 31 Gicurasi buri mwaka isi yizihiza umunsi mpuzamahanga wo kutanywa itabi. Insanganyamatsiko y’uyu mwaka kwari ugukangurira urubyiruko ngo rumenye amayeri akoreshwa n’abarikora mu kureshya abatoya.
Imibare itangwa n’ishami ry’umuryango w’abibumbye ryita ku buzima (WHO) igaragaza ko miliyoni umunani z’abantu ku isi bapfa bazize itabi, naho abagera kuri miliyoni 1.5 batarinywa bapfa bazize guhumekera aho rinywerewe (second-hand smoke) mu gihe abana bazira kurihumeka bangana na 65 000.
Ni mugihe imibare y’ikigo cy’igihugu cy ’ibarurishamibare (NISR) ya 2014-2015 yagaragaje ko abagore 2% mu Rwanda banywa itabi naho abagabo barinywa bakaba 12%.
NISR kandi yagaraje ko ukunywa itabi kwiganje mu bataragize amahirwe yo kwiga barinywa ku kigereranyo cya 18% ugereranyije na 3% barinywa barize.


text:
Ubundi iyo umgore arangije arisimbiza cyane akakwiyegereza ariko iyo ntacyo muhishanya akubwira ko arangije, ushobora no kumubaza kugira ngo urusheho kumushimisha.
Ku bamenyereye gutera akabariro ntibigoye kumenya ko umugore yarangije cyangwa ko arimo kurangiza, wumva atangiye guhumeka cyane no gusohora amajwi, ubwo mu gitsina hariyegeranya cyane ukumva igitsina kirimo kubyiga icy’umugabo kikabura aho gikwirwa, ahubwo utabimenyereye wagira ngo mu gitsina hari ikintu kidasanzwe kihabaye.
ibyo byose ariko ni ku mukunzi mumenyeranye utaguhisha, naho ubundi abagore ni abahanga ashobora kwikora ibyo byose akakubwira ko yarangije kandi atarangije.
Umugore urimo kurangiza ashobora kukwiyegereza cyane, ukumva arimo kugukurura ngo umwinjiremo cyane, nawe rero uba ugomba gukomeza kumushimira ahamuryoheye.
Umugore urimo kurangiza ashobora gusakuza, cyangwa agashinyiriza, bitewe n’uburyo yakiramo ibyishimo, hari abaseka cyane, hari n’abavuga nk’abarimo gutaka, aha bisaba ubushishozi.
Umugore urimo kurangiza cyangwa se ugiye kurangiza, arirekura wese, agafungura amaguru, ku buryo ubona ko arimo kuryoherwa cyane, iyo bishobotse arakurata, akagushimagiza, abivuga mu majwi nawe wumva agutunguye cyane.
Hari abagabo benshi batajya bamenya ko abagore babo barangije, bakabana imyaka n’imyaka ariko atazi niba umugore we ajya arangiza, gusa hari n’abagore batajya bamenya uko barangiza cyangwa n’ibindi bijyanye nabyo, nko kuzana amavangingo n’ibindi.
Urukundo
Baza Shangazi
Shakisha ku Urwego.com
Ibimenyetso by’Umugore uri kurangiza
Ubundi iyo umgore arangije arisimbiza cyane akakwiyegereza ariko iyo ntacyo muhishanya akubwira ko arangije, ushobora no kumubaza kugira ngo urusheho kumushimisha.
Labels: abagore, igitsina, imyororokere
1 comments:
- Unknown said...
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nitwa bosco, nibwo nshatse, mfite umugore, iyo ndangije mbona yazanye ibimeze nkigikoma, ubwo niko banyara
- June 18, 2019 at 11:21 AM


text:
IBIMENYETSO BYAKWEREKA KO WUGARIJWE N’INDWARA ZO MU MUTWE
Indwara zo mu mutwe, nubwo zirengagizwa na benshi, zikaba zidakunze kuvugwaho cyane, ndetse n’uzirwaye wese akitwa ‘umusazi’, nyamara ni indwara nk’izindi kandi zishobora kwibasira uwariwe wese.
Izi ndwara kenshi zifatwa nk’umuziro cg se umuvumo, abo zifashe akenshi ukunze gusanga bahishwa cg se ntibavuzwe kubera gutinya umuryango cg se igitutu cy’abandi. Benshi zifashe aho kujyanwa kwa muganga, usanga bahitamo kubasengera, nyamara amavuriro abivura arahari kandi bashobora gukira igihe bakurikiranywe hakiri kare.
Indwara zibasira imitekerereze ya muntu ziratandukanye, ariko izikunze kugaragara kuri benshi ni: depression (cg kwigunga bikabije), anxiety (kudatuza na gato), ibisazi (schizophrenia), stress nyinshi itewe nibyo wabonye (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder) ndetse n’ubwoba bwa byinshi bitandukanye (phobias cg panic disorders).
Ariko se, ni ibihe bimenyetso byakwereka ko ukwiye kwivuza indwara zo mu mutwe
Ibimenyetso byakwereka ko wugarijwe n’indwara zo mu mutwe
1. Kurya ubudatuza
Mu gihe ubona uburyo uryamo bwahindutse cyane, ukaba usigaye urya cyane kandi kenshi, igihe cyose ugahora ushonje, bishobora kuba ikimenyetso ko hari ikitagenda neza mu mutwe. Igihe ufite stress nyinshi, kurya cyane bishobora kukubaho, ariko niba ubona uburyo wajyaga uryamo bwahindutse cyane, ukwiye kwita cyane ku cyahindutse mu mitekerereze yawe.
2. Kutagira icyo witaho
Akenshi iyo ibintu byakubanye byinshi hari ibyo ureka cg ukirengagiza gukora, ibyo bibaho kuri benshi. Ariko mu gihe n’iby’ingenzi wagakwiye gukora usigaye ubyirengagiza nk’akazi ushinzwe, cg urugo rwawe ni ikimenyetso ko umubiri n’ubwonko byawe bitari gukorana neza.
Mu gihe udashoboye kubiganiriza inshuti wizeye yagufasha, ushobora kwitabaza abaganga b’inzobere mu bibazo byo mu mutwe.
3. Guhora ubona ibitagenda gusa
Kimwe mu bimenyetso biza mbere ku ndwara zo mu mutwe, ni uguhora ubona ibitagenda neza mu bandi. Niho utangira kujya ubavuga nabi, ibibaye byose bikaba ari bibi kuri wowe kugeza no kubyo udashobora guhindura; nk’izuba ryinshi, kuba imvura yaguye cg ibindi bisanzwe mu buzima. Ibi biba byerekana ko imitekerereze yawe itari kumvikana n’ibyiyumviro byawe cg se utagishoboye gucunga ibyiyumviro byawe.
4. Kwiyahuza ibiyobyabwenge
Benshi bakunze gutangira gufata ibirangaza ubwenge (nk’inzoga, itabi n’ibindi biyobyabwenge) mu gihe bageze mu bibazo bikomeye ubwenge bwabo budashobora kwakira. Niba utangiye gufata imiti ituma udatekereza ibiriho cg igufasha gusinzira, ugatangira kunywa inzoga cyane no gukoresha ibindi biyobyabwenge, gana abaganga bagufashe. Niba utangiye kuzajya unywa inzoga, ugatangira kunywa itabi, umunsi ku wundi ukumva utabisiba, ukaba udashobora kuryama udafashe kamwe, ni kimwe mu bimenyetso byerekana ko imitekerereze yawe itangiye guhinduka, kandi ko watangiye kwibasirwa n’indwara zo mu mutwe.
5. Kumva ushaka kuba wenyine
Wari usanzwe ukunda kuba mu bantu benshi no gusabana, nyuma ukumva ntibikigushimisha, ndetse urashaka kuba wenyine. Ni ikimenyetso ko hari ikibazo uri guhisha cg ibyo udashaka ko abandi babona. Niba wumva kwigunga cg kuvugisha abandi bigutera ubwoba, ni ngombwa gushaka ubufasha mu baganga. Sobanukirwa byinshi ku ndwara yo kwigunga bikabije cg depression.
6. Kutagira gahunda
Ushobora kuba wari umuntu ugira gahunda, ibintu byawe bihora ku murongo, wambara imyenda isa neza, nuko byose ukumva ntacyo bimaze. Ugatangira kugira akavuyo mubyo ukora byose, yaba aho utuye, uko wambara nuko witwara ukabona byose byuzuyemo akavuyo n’umwanda. Ni ikimenyetso ko hari ikitagenda mu mitekerereze yawe wibasiwe n’indwara zo mu mutwe.
7. Gutekereza ibintu bibi
Birasanzwe muri kamere muntu ko atekereza ibibi n’ibyiza. Ariko mu gihe ubona ibyo ukora byose biganisha ku kugira nabi cg gutekereza ibibi gusa, akaba aribyo uhoramo; nko guhora utekereza abifuza kukugirira nabi, impanuka zitandukanye, guhomba cg kubura ibyo wari utunze, ugahorana ubwoba ko ibintu bigiye kuba bibi. Ni ngombwa kwihutira gushaka ubufasha mu nzobere mu byerekeye imitekerereze. Ngibyo bimwe mu bimenyetso by’indwara zo mu mutwe, biza hakiri kare, ukaba ushobora kubyirengagiza ubyitiranya na stress isanzwe. Nuramuka ubonye byinshi muri ibi bimenyetso tumaze kuvuga ntuzashidikanye kugana kwa muganga bazagufasha.
Ukeneye kumenya byishi dukuri kire kumbuga nkoranyambaga zacu YouTube Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, LinkedIn, WhatsApp na Pinterest Hose ni “Vuga Ukire”
Retrieved from: umutihealth.com


text:
C Programming Language nirwo rurimi rw’amakode abantu bose bashaka kwiga programming baheraho, kuko nirwo rurimi rwashingiweho hakorwa izindi programming languages hafi ya zose, iyo wumva uru rurimi rwa C, izindi zirakorohera cyane kuziga. Ushaka gutangira gukora amaprogramme aha niho ukwiye guhera.
Muri aya mahugurwa ya C Programming Basics tukwigisha gukoresha C Programming Language ukora programme tubivuye imuzi, ku buryo urangiza wikoreye uduprogramme dutandukanye tugenda tukwerekeraho ingero, ndetse tukarangiza tunakoze programme yoroshye ya GUI.
Urangiza aya mahugurwa ufite fondasiyo ya programming muri rusange, ndetse tukanakugira inama y’icyo guhita ukurikizaho bitewe n’umwuga wifuza kujyamo usaba kwandika amakode, aho tukwereka programming languages zose n’icyo zimaze ku buryo uhita wihitiramo iyo gukurikizaho bitewe n’ubwoko bw’amaprogramme wifuza kuzajya ukora: Yaba ayo muri mudasobwa za windows, cg Mac cg telefone za android cg web applications, n’ibindi…
UZARANGIZA UZI IBI BIKURIKIRA:
- Programming icyo aricyo
- Ibyibanze muri programming
- Indimi za programming zitandukanye n’icyo zimaze
- Amabwiriza n’amahame ya C Programming
- Ibyibanze mu gukoresha C programming wubaka programme
- Ibikoresho bitandukanye wakoreramo programme
- Gukora programme mu rurimi rwa C Programming
- Gukora programme za GUI muri C
- N’ibindi byinshi…
INYUNGU ZO KURYIGA
- Riteguye mu rurimi wumva neza bikoroheye.
- Uhabwamo ibikoresho [Tools] bitandukanye byo gukora programme
- Usangamo inama zigufasha guhitamo ubwoko bwa programme zo gukora
- Urangiza ufite amaprogramme yawe wikoreye
- Amahugurwa wayageraho amasaha 24 /7, kandi ibyo utumvise neza usubira inyuma ukiyibutsa cg ukanatubarizamo.
- Uhabwa seritifika iyo urangije amahugurwa.
ABO RYAGENEWE
Aya mahugurwa yagenewe abantu abo aribo bose bifuza kumenya gukora amaprogramme, waba usanzwe ubizi ushaka kwiyibutsa, cg ushaka kubyiga ngo ubigire umwuga, uwo ariwe wese yatangira kuyiga akarangiza azi kwikorera programme, ateguye mu buryo bworoheye abantu bo mu ngeri zose kumva ntanumwe uhejwe.
UKO WARYIGA
Waryiga aho waba uri hose kw’isi wifashishije igikoresho cy’ikoranabuhanga nka mudasobwa, telefone cg Tablet birimo interineti (Ekara nini nkiya mudasobwa niyo ibigaragaza neza). Kuko rero riteguye mu Kinyarwanda bigusaba no kuba wumva ikinyarwanda gisanzwe cyo kuvuga kugirango usobanukirwe ibyigishwamo. Kandi waryigira igihe cyose ushatse kugeza urirangije neza, ndetse niyo ugize ikibazo ubarizamo ugasubizwa.
Course Features
- Lectures 34
- Quizzes 5
- Duration 10 Hours
- Skill level All levels
- Language Kinyarwanda
- Students 17
- Certificate Yes
- Assessments Yes
-
Intangiriro
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Ibyerekeye C Programming
-
Aho gukorera
-
Hello World
-
Kwinjiza no kugaragaza amagambo
-
Data types
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Utumenyetso
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Amahitamo - Decisions
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Isubiramo - Loops
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Ibikorwa - Functions
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Preprocessors
-
Arrays na Pointers
-
Amagambo - Strings
-
Amadosiye
-
GUI muri C
-
Umusozo


text:
Ubuyobozi bw’akarere ka Gicumbi,icyahoze cyitwa Préfecture ya Byumba haravugwa abaturage balimo abana, abasore n’abasaza bazahajwe n’umwanda kubera kutiyuhagira ahanini bitewe n’ubukene n’ibura ry’amazi rikunze kubaho mubihe by’impeshyi hano mu Rwanda aho 1 jerican igura kugeza kuli 500f mumugi wa Kigali, uretse ko ubu bikabije kandi ubuyobozi bwarijeje abaturage ko kugeza muli 2017 nta munyarwanda numwe uzasigara adafite amazi meza. Ubuyobozi bwa Gicumbi rero bwo siko bubibona busanga ari ugusebya Akarere kabo kuburyo bwafashe icyemezo cyo kujya babakusanyiriza hamwe ku karere, bakiyuhagira bahagarikiwe n’ubuyobozi rubanda rwose rubareba ntakubagirira ikigongwe ngo uyu ni umusaza cyangwa umusore.
Icyo gikorwa giteye isoni kikaba cyaratangijwe n’ubuyobozi bw’akarere mu minsi ishize aho abo baturage balimo abasaza batubyaye, abasore barumuna bacu buhagiriwe mu ruhame bose babireba, byari biteye agahinda!! twese twarumiwe!.
Abo baturage bakaba barafotowe, amafoto yabo akamanikwa ku biro by’akarere n’ahandi hose hagaragara, bityo ifoto ikazajya ivanwaho hakurikijwe uko buri wese yitwaralitse mu kutongera kugira umwanda.Aliko kandi ngo icyo gikorwa kikazakomeza!
Kimwe no mumurwa mukuru wa Kigali, amezi abaye atatu, ikibazo cy’amazi giteye inkeke, amazi akenewe nk’ushaka pétrole, kuva mu mpera z’ukwezi kwa 6/08/2015 kugeza magingo aya, tumaze kumenyera kuvoma kabili mukwezi buri wese agace k’umugi atuyemo nabwo badashobora kuyabonera umunsi umwe,bivuga Akarere kamwe uyu munsi akandi 10 jours après, par alternance . Abakozi bo mungo na bamwe mu bakozi bandi iyo batashye kumugoroba buri wese afata ijerican ashakisha hirya no hino, mu bishanga n’ahandi bagacyurwa n’ijoro rimwe na rimwe bahebye.
Ubuyobozi bw’Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe gukwirakwiza amazi mu Rwanda (WASAC) bukaba busobanura ko ikibazo cy’ ibura ry’amazi adahagije mu mugi wa Kigali riterwa ahanini n’ingomero zicyubakwa hakiyongeraho n’ikama ry’imigezi ishamikiye kuli izo ngomero kubera izuba.
Ibyo byose bikagaragaza intege nke Leta ya FPR ifite mu gukora igena-migambi muli domaines zose, aho gushimishwa no kuzamura amazu gusa kandi uziko nta mazi n’amashanyarazi uzashyiramo. Muli rusange rero ugasanga ari uguhuzagurika mu gucunga neza imitungo y’igihugu.
Byanditswe ku wa 27/08/2015 na:
A.BEN NTUYENABO, KIGALI-RWANDA.