text:
Soowa (Shoah)
Soowa (Hɛbra kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ, שואה pʊtɔbʊʊ se azɛyʊʊ), pɩkɛ Yuda ɛyaa samaɣ ɖɩzɩɣ. Caama ɛyaa ɖɩzaɣna Yuda ɛyaa mba, nɛ ɛyaa mba pakʊwa yɔ patalɩ ɛyaa miiliyɔɔ naa kɩgbanzɩ nɛ loɖo hɛkʊ taa mbʊ yɔ yaa ɖɩkpaɣ Yuda ɛyaa natozo Eerɔpʋ taa kɔyɔ pakʊ ɛyaa naalɛ mbilim yaa kedeŋga taa Yuda mba mɩnʊʊ yɔɔ lɛ, ɛyaa hiŋ nanza, kɛ kedeŋga kpeekpe you naalɛ ŋgʊ alɩwaatʊ taa.
Pɔyɔɔdʊʊ ɖɔɖɔ se mɩŋ ñaɣzɩɣ kɩlaʊ yaa Yuda ɛyaa mɩŋ ñaɣzɩɣ kɩlaʊ yaa Caama mɩŋ ñaɣzɩɣ kɩlaʊ yaa Eerɔpʋ taa Yuda mba kʊʊ. Tɔm kɛdɩyaa nɛ kʊnʊmɩŋ kpɛlɛkɩyaa yaa tɩlɩyaa hɛkʊ taa wɛ ndɔnjɔɔlɩyɛ siŋ kɛ tɔmpiye nɖɩ palabɩna nɛ tʊmɩyɛ keeke yɔ.
Yuda mba, Caama maɣmaɣ wɩlɩ-wɛ niye se pɛkɛ po-koyondina mba pɩfɛyɩ palabɩ-wɛ pʊdɔdɩyɛ wɛɛ pɩkpɛndɩna pa-lɩmaɣza nɛ po-tomnaɣ, ñɔɔsɩ kpa-wɛ halɩ pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩ pasɩ poloñi tɛtʊ cipketu ndʊ tɩ-taa kaawɛ Yuda mba yɔ nɛ soofiyetiki kɩkpɛndʊʊ ŋgʊ pʊɖɔkɩna-kʊ yɔ kɩ- taa.
Pakʊ-wɛ nɛ malɩfa naa kɛ Wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ hɔɔlʊʊ taa nɛ paya hɩɖɛ se soowa malɩfa pɛɛ tɛ ŋgʊ. Tʊma ɖoŋ ñɩnaa labʊ nɛ tɔɔnaɣ kɩɩtalʊʊ pɩlɩŋ weyi ɛ-taa pakʊɣa-wɛ, pakʊɣa-wɛ nɛ fefekiŋ fefekiŋ lɔɔɖaa taa yaa fefekiŋ kuduyiŋ tɛɛ ɖenɖe pɔtɔyɩtaɣ-wɛ yɔ. Hɔɔlʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa tomnasɩ nzɩ pataapiŋ yɔ pañazaɣ-sɩ mɩŋ siɖaa tɔlɔɔŋ taa nɛ pamɩzɩɣ pɔ-tɔlɔma.
Yuda mba tɛ tɔyɩtʊ kedeŋga kpeekpe you naalɛ ŋgʊ alɩwaatʊ taa lɩna ɛzɩma tʊma sɔsɔna tʊmɩyɛ labʊ cɔlɔ nɛ kpelasi taa tʊma laɖaa nɛ lɛɣtʊ laɣsɩ cɔlɔ, mbʊ piyeba nɛ Caama pɩzɩ kɩɖɩzɩ samaɣ ŋga, tɔmʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩɩsɔʊ ɛjaɖɛ yɔɔ kpoyi. Ɖama tɛyʊʊ kʊñɔŋ alɩwaatʊ, pɩtɛ you ŋgʊ kɩñɩnaɣ ɖɩzɩɣ samaɣ ŋga katafɛyɩna sɔɔjɔnaa yaa politiki nakʊyʊ tɛ ɖoŋ, pɩtɛkɛ mbʊ yɔ kʊyaa yaa pʊdɔdɩyɛ fɛyɩ tɩnaa kaamaɣzɩna tʊ.
Halaa, piyaa (halɩ pɩkpɛndɩna piyaa cɩɩ cɩɩ waa) nɛ akpadɩyaa pagba patɩŋga nɛ pakʊ sakɩyɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ abalaa sɔsaa. Piyaa ma-ñʊʊ sɩba waa mba patɔyɩtɩ-wɛ patalɩ piyaa 1500000. Pʊcɔ Yuda ɛyaa tɛ kʊʊ alɩwaatʊ yaa kʊʊ alɩwaatʊ wayɩ lɛ, pewilaɣ po-wonduu taa ɖoŋ nɛ paɖɩzɩɣ ɖɔɖɔ pɛ-ɛjaɖɛ tɛ ɛsakuliye nɛ Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ tʊmɩyɛ.


c: text/html

text:
Siiŋ lɩzʊʊ
Siiŋ lɩzʊʊ Siiŋ lɩzʊʊ kɛ kiɖe tɛɛ lɛ tʊzʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ hɔɔlʊʊ nakʊyʊ ŋgʊ kɩlakɩ siiŋ lɩzʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ yɔ (tʊmɩyɛ ndɩ payaɣ Euclide tʊmɩyɛ). Kpaɣ ɖooo kpaɣɖʊ 18 wɛɛ taa, siiŋ lɩzʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ takaɣnaɣ hɔɔlɩŋ lɛɛŋ (siiŋ lɩzʊʊ kiyebinam, siiŋ lɩzʊʊ mbʊ pɩtɛkɛ Euclide ñɩmbʊ yɔ).
Tɔmpiye nɖɩ ɖɩlɩna krɛkɩ kʊnʊŋ mbʊ se Yewuέtpnς (geômetrês) nɛ ɖɩ-tɔbʊʊ se siiŋ lɩzɩyʊ, tɛtʊ mazɩyʊ nɛ ɖɩlɩna Yῆ (gê) pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se tɛtʊ nɛ uέtpov (métron) pʊ-tɔbʊʊ mazʊʊ. Kɛlɛ pɩtɩŋna payi mbʊ yɔ pekpeɣla kɔyɔ pɩpɩsɩ se tɛtʊ mazʊʊ lɛɣtʊ tʊmɩyɛ.
Tɔmʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-tɔbʊʊ lɩzɩɣ wɛ ndɩ ndɩ pɩcɛlɩna paa ɛyʊ weyi lɛ. Keekee taa lɛ siiŋ lɩzʊʊ kɛ tʊmɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩmaɣzʊʊ wɛtʊ naa ɖaɣlakɩŋ nɛ walanzɩ. Kɛlɛ tɔbʊʊ lɩzɩɣ mbʊ pɩcaŋ puyozina ɛsakuliye tɔm mbʊ lɛ ɖɩtɩpɩsɩ lɛɣtʊ tʊmɩy krɛkɩ ɛyaaa tɛ cɔlɩɩ wɛɛ taa. Jean-Pierre Kahana takayaɣ nakayɛ taa, ɖɩ-tɔbʊʊ nɩɣ mbʊ pɩcaŋ pɩkpɛndɩna ɛyaa maɣzɩm mbʊ ɛzɩ siiŋ lɩzʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ ɖɩpɩsɩ pɩyʊ mbʊ pawɩlɩɣ sukuli taa yɔ. Peeɖe papɩzɩɣ pɛkpɛlɛkɩ ɛzɩma pamaɣzɩ tɛtʊ yɔ.
Pɩnaɣ 1739 lɛ Leonhard Euler kpɛlɛkɩ Königsberg tɛ kondoloko naa lʊbɛ tɔm, pakpaɣ ɛ-tʊma ana ɛzɩ kajalaɣ siiŋ lɩzʊʊ kazʊwa ŋga katalɩna maɣzɩtʊ natʊyʊ cɔlɔ yɔ, pɩ-tɛ kazʊwa ŋga payaa se maalɛzʊʊ wiɖi kaʊʊ. Ɖooo pitihiɣ, siiŋ lɩzɩtʊ nɛ tɩyɩnzɩ taa tʊmɩyɛ pɛkɛ kʊyʊm. Yem taa lɛ, pamazaɣ fenaɣ ɖalakɩŋ, wɩsɩ ɖalakɩŋ nɛ ɖɔɖɔ pɛ-tɛ ɖama posinau nɛ tɛtʊ mbʊ lɛ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩtɔzɩ Thalès ñɩnɖɛ yɔɔ.

robotstxt: allowed

filter: keep


text:
Ɖɔm
Tabɩlɩ yɔɔ ɖɔm, ɖɔm kɩtɔɔm yaa tɩzʊʊ tɛ ɖɔm, pɩ-taa wɛ sodiyɔm tɛ kʋlɔɔɖɩ. Ɖɔm mbʊ pɩwɛ ndɩ ndɩ. lɛɛbʊ paɣlaa nɛ lɛɛbʊ wɛ ɖululu nɛ lɛɛbʊ wɛ hɛtʊ ɖɔm tɛ. Ɖooo pʊcɔ caanaʊ tɔm lɛ, paasɩma-ɖɩkpaɣ ɛzɩ ɖooo canaʊ Erɔpʊ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ Solnitsata tɛ tɔɔnasɩ wɛtʊ nɛ sɩ-tɛ lɛɛzʊʊ. Palɩzaɣ-pʊ tɛtɛɛ ñɩɣlɩm ɖihuyiye taa (ñɩɣlɩm kaŋŋ taa) yaa kɛlɛʊ taa lɛ, teŋgunaa ɖɩlɩyɛ taa ɖenɖe ɖɔm wɛɛ yɔ.
Ɖɔm nɔmɔŋ pɩsɩ ɖooo canaʊ tɛ ɖama hɛkʊ taa kɩlɛzʊʊ nɔmɔŋ nɛ pɛyɛlɩnɛ ɖɔm mbʊ kpaɣ ɖooo ɖenɖe palɩzʊʊ-pʊ yɔ pɩtalɩ hɔɔlɩŋ weyi ɛ-taa pɩtaa fɛyɩ yɔ. Palɩzʊʊ-pʊ nɛ pɩtɛ kpata lɛ, pɩfɛyɩ ɖuluulu nɛ pɩtaa wɛ tɛtɛ ñɩm tɩŋga. Tɛtɛ ɖɔm mbʊ palɩzʊʊ-pʊ lɛ pɩwɛnɛ ndalikaɣ wɛtʊ nɛ pɩwɛtʊ kpaɣ tɛtɛ ñɩɣlɩm tɛ wɛtʊ ndʊ tɩwɛ pɩtaa yɔ. Mbʊ lɛ hɛtʊ tɛ ɖɔm yaa teŋgʊʊ taa ɖɔm mbʊ palɩzʊʊ-pʊ nɛ neesi yɔ wɛnɛ leeleŋ kʊyʊmʊm nɛ pɩlɛzʊʊ egeetiye nɛ lɛɛɖɛ.
Hɛtʊ tɛ ɖɔm yaa teŋgunaa tɛ ɖɔm mbʊ pɩfɛyɩ ɖuluulu yɔ sʊ pɩlʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa. Teŋgu tɛ taa wɛ mañɛzɩyɔm siŋ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ wondu ndɩ ndɩ nɛ ɖɔɖɔ ñɩɣtʊ. Pɩda peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, ɩyɔɔdɩ pʊɖɔɔ se pɩɖaŋ kʊɖɔmɩŋ ɛzɩ hɔkʊʊ kʊdɔŋ yɔ. Ɖɩtɩzɩyɛ taa lɛ, paɖʊʊ ɖɔm tɔnasɩ taa. Itaalii ɛjaɖɛ taa lɛ, ɛyaa sɔɔlɩ ɖɔm pee sɔsɔnaa nɛ pasanɛ mʊtʊ. Pɛlɛzɩkɩ taa mba ñɔsɔɔlɩ ɖɔm ɖululu mbʊ pɔhɔkaɣ kabasɩ taa yɔ. Ɖɔm yeki se pasɩɩ tɔnasɩ nɛ pileɖuu nɛ pɩpasɩɣ lɩm tʊmɩyɛ tɛ ɖoŋ.
Ɖooo kpaɖʊʊ Hɛkʊ ŋgʊ alɩwaatʊ taa lɛ, mbʊ pasɩwaɣnaɣ nandʊ nɛ kpakpasɩ, nɛ halɩ nɛ sɔnɔ yɔ Afrika hɔɔlɩŋ weyi ɛ-taa pɛfɛyɩnɛ anasaayɩ ŋgbaŋ yɔ, ɖɔm pasɩnɛ nandʊ nɛ kpakpasɩ ɖɔɖɔ paa ajɛyɛ wewee tɛ mbʊ yɔ taɖɩyɛ ɖɩlaɖɛ ɖeeɖe wondʊ ndʊ pɛ-pɛɖʊʊ yɔ tɩ-taa nɛ ɖɔm. Palakɩ tʊmɩyɛ ɖɔɖɔ nɛ tɛtɛɛ ɖɔm nɛ pamɩzɩɣ ɖɔmpɛɛ haba yɔ. Ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ naɖɩyɛ kɛdʊʊ yɔ, ɖɔm tɛkɛ mbʊ pɩkpazʊʊ leleŋ ɖoŋ yɔ ɛlɛ, pɩlɛzʊʊ nzʊlɩmɩyɛ yɔ nɩʊ leleŋ mbʊ yebina nɛ palakɩ-pʊ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ siŋ ɖɩtɩsɩyɛ taa.
Wondʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɖɩkɩlɩɣ katʊʊ ɖɔm yɔ ndʊ yɔ nandʊ ndʊ pakʊʊ yɔ nɛ waagaasɩ nɛ tɔɔnasɩ kɩtɩzasɩ nɛ tʊma sɔsɔna tɔɔnasɩ taa. Nɛ yee ɛyʊ ɛkɩlɩɣ ɖɔm tɔɔʊ kɔyɔ pʊkɔŋna-ɩ tɩlasɩ nasɩyɛ alaafɩya hɔɔlʊʊ taa, ɛ-calɩm kɩlɩɣ ɖɔʊ nɛ pɩkɛdɩɣ lɛ, ɛ-hɔɔlʊʊ nakʊyʊ sɩba yaa nɔɔyʊ lɛ ɛkɩlɩɣ paɣlʊʊ nɛ pʊkɔŋna sɩm sakɩyɛ paa pɩnaɣ ŋga. Ɖɔm lɛɛbʊ wɛɛ payaɣ-pʊ se pɔtasiyɔm tɛ kuloriiri. Pʋbʋ ñɛwɛ ɖɔm ɖɔfɩ taa nɛ pʊkʊʊ mba pɛwɛnɛ laŋgɩyɛ kʊdɔŋ yɔ nɛ mɔɔndɛɛ calɩm kpem kʊdɔŋ. Ɛlɛ, pʊdɔtɔyɩ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, pɩwɛ liidiye. Ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ ɛyʊ yɔ, ɖɔm wɛna wazaɣ siŋŋ tɛtɛ kpɩna cɔlɔ mbʊ yɔ pamɩzɩɣ ɖɔm kɛ ñɩtʊʊ yɔ lɛ wondu tɔkɩ camɩyɛ mɛlɛ mɛlɛ nɛ halɩ tineziɣ kaaŋ weyi ɩ-yɔɔ wɛ ɖɔm yɔ, ɩ-yɔɔ.
Eduuye naɖɩyɛ tɔŋ se "ɖɔm kiyekim ɛɛnɩɣ ɖozi taa". Eduyee lɛɛɖɛ se :Yee ɖɔm ɛɖɛ ɖozi taa, paatɔzʋʋ"


text:
Georg Friedrich Haendel
Georg Friedrich Händel kɛ wendu lɩzɩyʋ nɛ minziki maɖʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ. Ɛkɛ Caama tʋ nɛ ɛpɩsɩ ɩŋglɩsɩ tʋ. Palʋla-ɩ kɩyakʋ nɛɛlɛ nɛ nadozo (23) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye lɛlaɣ fenaɣ taa, pɩnaɣ 1685 ɩŋga taa Halle tɛtʋ taa.
Ɛsɩba kɩyakʋ hiu nɛ naanza (14) ñɩŋgʋ n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye, ɖomaɣ fenaɣ taa, pɩnaɣ 1759 ñɩŋga taa Westminster tɛtʋ taa. Ɖajaa Haendel ɛnɛ, ɛmakɩ minziki ŋgʋ payaɣ se parɔkɩ yɔ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ.
Ɖajaa Jean Sébastien Bach minziiki waa ɛkɩlɩɣ mabʋ. Saxe tɛtʋ taa ɖajaa Georg Friedrich Händel caɣa nɛ ɛkɔɔ ɛpaɣlɩ. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se peeɖe ɛkpɛlɛkɩ minziki mabʋ. Ɛcaɣ ɖɔɖɔ Hambourg tɛtʋ taa alɩwaatʋ natʋyʋ cabɩ.
Ɖajaa Georg Friedrich Händel kʋyɩSaxe tɛtʋ taa lɛ, ewolo ɛcaɣ Itaalii ɛjaɖɛ taa. Peeɖe ɛlaba nʋmɔʋ ɖɔm tʋmɩyɛ sakɩyɛ. Ɛcaɣ Itaalii ɛjaɖɛ taa pɩnzɩ naadozo. Pʋwayɩ lɛ, ewolo Hanovre tɛtʋ taa. Hanovre tɛtʋ taa ɛkʋyɩnaa nɛ ɛɖɛɛ ɛcaɣ kam Aŋgletɛɛrɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa.
Ɖajaa Georg Friedrich Haendel cɛyɩ ɛ-tɩ kpem nɛ, ɛ-tʋma labʋ taa payɩ lɛ, eyozi ajɛɛ sʋsɔnaa naayɩ tɛ sɔnzɩ minziki wɩlɩtʋ sʋsɔtʋ. Ajɛɛ ana yɔ : Itaalii ɛjaɖɛ nɛ Caama n̄ɩnɖɛ nɛ Aŋgletɛɛrɩ ɛjaɖɛ nɛ pɩtasɩna Fransɩ n̄ɩnɖɛ.
Ɖajaa Georg Friedrich Händel Haendel makɩ minziki ŋgʋ payaɣ se Orɩgɩ yɔ. Ɛmakɩ ɖɔɖɔ minziki ŋgʋ payaɣ se klavɛsɛɛ yɔ. Ɛkpaɣ pɩnzɩ hiŋ niidozo nɛ kagbanzɩ (35) mbʋ yɔ nɛ ɛkpɛlɛkɩ mbʋ payaɣ se opera yɔ pɩ-labʋ Itaalii ɛjaɖɛ taa.
Pʋwayɩ lɛ, ɛlɩzɩ mbʋ payaɣ se oratoriyo waa yɔ. Ɛmʋ oratoriyo waa lɩzʋʋ nimiye sɔsɔyɛ Aŋgletɛɛrɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Peeɖe ɛpɩsɩ minziki waa ndɩ ndɩ mabʋ wɩlɩyaa taa wɩlɩyʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ Aŋgletɛɛrɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa.


text:
Ampiiri pacaɣ ma-ñʊʊ yɔɔ waa (Empire coloniaux)
Ampiiri pacaɣa ma-ñʊʊ waa, pɩkɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ ajɛyɛ wena awɛ ɖoŋ sɔɔjɛtʊ hɔɔlʊʊ taa amʊwa nɛ pɩpɩsɩ-yɛ a-ñɩm yɔ ɖooo pitihiɣ alɩwaatʊ kedeŋga kpeekpe taa yɔ. Yee naayɛ ɛlaba politiki lɩmaɣza wena se a-sɔɔlɩm taa alɩzɩ a-maɣmaɣ a-tɩ ɛzɩ Japɔŋ kaalabʊ mbʊ Edo alɩwaatʊ taa, pʊwayi lɛ, a-ɖanɩɣ a-maɣmaɣ pazʊʊ tɔm ndʊ ɛzɩ Japɔŋ ŋgʊ Azii ɛjaɖɛ taa kɛ pɩnzɩ 1939-1945 taa, nɛ pɩtɛ walʊʊ sakɩyɛ sakɩyɛ tɩna kedeŋga kpeekpe you naalɛ ŋgʊ pɩnzɩ 1939-1945 alɩwaatʊ taa.
Ajɛyɛ wena awɛ Erɔpʊ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ hɔɔlʊʊ taa yɔ lɛ, pɛ-tɛ Ampiiri paɣtʊ takayaɣ lɩna ɖooo Erɔpʊ taa ñɩnɩyɛ nɛ tɩlɩyɛ sɔsɔtʊ alɩwaatʊ pɩtɩŋna lɩm yɔɔ mɛlɛnaa saʊ (ŋnaʊ kɩsasaʊ, hayi wɩlɩyʊ ñɩɣyʊ, tɛtʊ tɛlɛnzɩ laɣsɩ) nɛ malɩfa lubutu.
Hadɛ yɔɔ ɛjaɖɛ ndɩ ɖɩyaɣ se Antaritiki yɔ wɛʊ mbʊ yɔ patacaɣ ɖɩ-ñʊʊ yɔɔ kaʊ, ɛlɛ, pamazɩ se ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa peeɖe lɛɣtʊ kpɛlɛkʊʊ wɛɛ. Ajɛyɛ 25 mbʊ yɔ tɛ lɛɣtʊ ɖoŋ wɛ Ataritiki ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ a-taa peeɖe lɛ, lʊbɛ pɔzʊʊ ajɛyɛ yɔɔ (Ositralii, Zelandɩ Kɩfalʊ, Kewiyaɣ Ɛjaɖɛ, Fransɩɩ, Nɔrɩfɛzɩ, Arzantini nɛ Siili) ɛlɛ, pɩtɛ ñɩŋgɩɣ mbʊ pɩkpa ɖoŋ (mʊlʊm tɔmpiye) pɩtɩŋna Antaritiki nɩnaʊ takayaɣ yɔ. Ajɛyɛ ana a-tɛ komina wɛna tindima ndɩ ndɩ Antaritiki taa nɛ Hadɛ yɔɔ lɩŋgamʊʊ taa ajɛyɛ wena lɩm cɔ-yɛ pɩta yɔ a-taa.
Sɩlavɩ nɛ roumain ajɛyɛ tɔm kɛdɩyaa mba paakɛ kpaɣɖʊ 18 ŋtalɩ 19 ŋgʊ taa Otirisi Ampiiri taa nɛ pɩtasɩna Otirirsi nɛ Hoŋgiri nɛ ɖenɖe Caama ajɛyɛ kaacaɣ tɛtʊ natʊyʊ ñʊŋ yɔɔ nɛ Wɩsɩ Ɖɩlɩyɛ taa yɔ kiŋ kaamaɣza ɛzɩ pɩɩkɛ Ampiiri pacaɣ ma-ñʊʊ yɔɔ tɛ ŋgʊ (ŋgʊ Lénine yawaɣ se samaɣ salaka tɛ ɛyaa pɩnaɣ 1918 alɩwaatʊ taa. Mbʊ ɖɔɖɔ Woodrow Wilson ñɩɣ niye nɛ ɛtɔŋ se pɔyɔkɩ-kʊ pɩlɩna ɛ-tɛ hiu nɛ nanza paɣtʊ yɔɔ paɣtʊ hiu ndʊ yɔɔ pɩnaɣ 1918). Lɩmaɣzɩyɛ ndɩ ɖɩkɔna ŋtɔnjɔlɩyɛ siŋ tɔm kɛdɩyaa sakɩyɛ hɛkʊ taa kɔzɩ kɔzɩ Caama ñɩma nɛ Otirisi ñɩma, mba papa mazɩ se pɩɩkɛ Habsbourg Ampiiri walɩna pɩtɩŋna ajɛyɛ tɛ ɖama taa sʊʊ.


text:
Ateyiizim
Ɛyʊ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ naɖɩyɛ wɛɛ nɛ payaɣ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖʊ-ñʊʊ se ateyiizim. Ɖooo kpaɖɩŋ nɛɛlɛ nɛ kʊɖʊmʊʊ (XXIe siècle) ñɩŋgʊ taa ɛyaa paɣzɩ wɛnaʊ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ nɖɩ ɛyʊ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ nɖɩɩ yɔ se Ɛsɔ nɔɔyʊ fɛyɩ. Ɛsɔnaa cikpeme nabɛyɛ, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se agɔlɩma naayɛ fɛyɩ ɖɔɖɔ. Ɛyʊ weyi ɛkɛ aatee yɔ, eetisiɣ Ɛsɔ nɔɔyʊ yɔɔ. Eetisiɣ ɛgɔlɩmɩyɛ naɖɩyɛ yɔɔ ɖɔɖɔ. Ɛwɛ yem koye. Ɛyʊ weyi ɛkɛ aatee yɔ ɛtɔŋ se ɛyʊ lɩ ɛ-tɩ yɔɔ yem. Se pɩtɛkɛ Ɛsɔ nɔɔyʊ yaa ɛgɔlɩmɩyɛ naɖɩyɛ yaa ɖoŋ sɔsɔŋ nɩɩyɛ lɩzɩna-ɩ. Ŋgʊ ɛyaa nabɛyɛ ñɛwɛɛ nɛ pɔtɔŋ se ɛyʊ talɩɩ ɛ-tɩ yɔɔ yem. Pɔyɔɔdʊʊ se nɔɔyʊ wɛ kedeŋa ñʊʊ yɔɔ, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se ɛsɔdaa nɛ ɛkɩlɩ pɩtɩŋa payɩ; Ɛnʊʊ payaɣna kabɩyɛ kʊnʊŋ taa se Ɛsɔ. Se ɛnʊ lɩzɩna pɩtɩŋa nɛ ɛnʊ tɩna pɩtɩŋa payɩ. Ɛ-cɔlɔ ɖoŋ tɩŋɛ nɛ tɩlɩtʊ tɩŋɛ nɛ lɛɣtʊ tɩŋɛ palɩɣna. Ɛyaa mba pɛwɛna lɩmaɣzɩyɛ ɖɩnɛ yɔ, pa-lɩmaɣzɩyɛ ñʊʊ payaɣ se teeyizim. Yee mbʊ, lɩmaɣzɩyɛ ñʊʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ se ateyiizim yɔ, ɖi-koyindu lɛ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ ñʊʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ se teeyizim. Ɛyaa nabɛyɛ ɖɔɖɔ ñɛwɛna lɩmaɣzɛ lɛɛna kpem, awɛ ndɩ nɛ aatee waa nɛ teeyizim waa pa-lɩmaɣzɛ. Paba payaɣ se añɔsɩtiki was.
Toovenum lɛ, mba payaɣ se aatee waa yɔ, pa-lɩmaɣzɛ lɩɣzɩɣ pɩlɩɩna wɛ ndɩ ndɩ taa. Ɖɔɖɔ lɛ takayɩsɩ mayaa tɩŋɛ ɛɛyɔɔdʊʊ tɔm kʊɖʊmtʊ pɩlɩɩna pɔ-yɔɔ.
Ajɛɛ sakɩyɛ, pɩkɩlɩna ajɛɛ wena aɖɛna ɛsɩndaa siŋŋ yɔ, akpakɩɣ aatee waa se pɛkɛ ɛyaa yem waa? Paaɖʊʊ-wɛ ɛyaa lalaa taa camɩyɛ.


text:
Ɔsɩmɩyɔm
Ɔsɩmɩyɔm kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 76 nɛ yʊsaɣ ñɩŋa yɔ Os yɔ. E-tomnaɣ yem kɛ platɩnɩ ñɩɣlɩm yuŋ ñɩmbʊ, ɛsɛmɩŋ wɛ kpʊzɩyɛɛ nɛ ɛcaɣ ɖoŋ kɛlɛ ɛpɛlɩɣ. Ɛ-hɩɖɛ lɩna krɛkɩ kʊnʊŋ taa osme pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se sɔŋ. Pana ɔsɩmɩyɔm pɩnaɣ 1803 pɩtɩŋna Stmithson Tennant kɛ Londrɩ Aŋglɩtɛɛrɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa, ɛ nɛ ɩrɩtɩyɔm kɛ platɩnɩ lɩm taa. Fransɩɩ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkɩyaa Antoine-François Fourcroy nɛ Louis-Nicolas Vauquelin tɩlɩ-ɩ ɖɔɖɔ kɛ platɩnɩ caajasɩ taa nɛ paya-ɩ se ptène.
Papɩzɩɣ pepisi pʊtʊ pɩtɩŋna zɛnkɩ ñɩɣlɩm mʊlʊm yɔɔ, ɛlɛ patɩŋga mbʊ paɖʊʊ-wɛ aka pɔʊ nakʊyʊ taa, patɩzɩ pɩwasɩ kpem. Pɩkɛ tʊmɩyɛ nɖɩ Henri Sainte-Claire Deville nɛ Henri Debray laba takɩɣ nɛ wiluu tʊmɩyɛ ɖeɖe yɔ, ɛyaa mba patɩŋga mbʊ yɔ pɛkɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ tɩnaa.
Ema ŋgʊ papɩsɩ-kʊ mʊlʊm yɔ, pʊwayɩ lɛ papɩyɩɣ kʊ-yɔɔ lelemiŋ, kɛlɛ paɖʊ canaɣa ŋga kɛwɛ nɔsɩ camɩyɛ lɩm eluluu yɔ taa, kɛlɛ paɖʊ amɔnɩyakɩ pɩ-taa, mbʊ pɩkɛ amɔnɩyakɩ tɩtɩŋga yɔ pʊsɔʊ canaɣa taa pɩwɛɛ ɛzɩ fefeku yɔ. Pʊsɔʊ halɩ pɩkɔɔ pɩwɩlɩ, paɖanɩɣ caajaasɩ nzɩ naʊ yee papɩyɩ lelemiŋ kɔyɔ, lɩm nabʊyʊ lɩɣ pɩwɛ caʊʊ nɛ pɩwɩlʊʊ platɩnɩ pʊtʊnaa lalaa pɩtɩŋna ɩrɩtɩyɔm yɔɔ nɛ lalaa rɔdɩyɔm nɛ rʊtɛnɩyɔm.


text:
Elizabeth 2
Elisabeth 2 tʊ (Ɛŋglɩsɩ kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ, Elizabeth 2), palʊla-ɩ ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 21 pɩnaɣ 1926 Mayfair tɛtʊ taa (Londres), ɛkɛ abiɖe ɛgbam yaa wiyaʊ halɩñɩnʊ kɛ Kewiyaɣ kɩkpɛnaɣ ɛjaɖɛ taa kɛ Bretñɩ nɛ Irland nɛ hayɩ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ, ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ Commonwealth of Nations ñʊʊ tʊ, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ ajɛyɛ mɛwɛ man-tɩ yɔɔ waa wena akpɛndɩ nɩɩnɩwa nɛ naalɛ yɔ.
Alɩwaatʊ ndʊ ɛ-caa George 6 kpaɣ kewiyitu yɔ pɩnaɣ 1936 pɩlɩna mbʊ ɛ-ɖalʊ Edouard 8 kiza kpelaɣ yɔ, lɛ Elisabeth pɩsɩ peyebina-m ñɩm pɩɣa Ɛŋglɩsɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Pɩkɔma kedeŋga kpeekpe you naalɛ ŋgʊ alɩwaatʊ lɛ, Elisabeth sʊʊ Auxiliary Territorial Service, pɩkɛ sɔɔjɛtʊ tʊmɩyɛ kɛnɛ. Pɩkɔɔ kamɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 20 pɩnaɣ 1947 lɛ, ɛwalɩ Philip Mountbatten ɛlɛ ɛlʊlʊʊna pɩyaa naananza nzɩ yɔ Charles, Anne, Andrew nɛ Edward.
Elizabeth kpaɣ kewiyitu kpelaɣ Aŋglɩtɛɛrɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa lɛlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 6 pɩnaɣ 1952, kɛlɛ ɛpɩsɩ lʊbɛ ajɛyɛ wena awɛ a-tɩ yɔɔ kɛ Commonwealth taa ana yɔ Afrika nɛ Hadɛ yɔɔ ɛjaɖɛ, Ositralii, Kanada, Ceylan, Seelandɩ Kɩfalʊʊ, Pakisitan nɛ Royaume-Uni. Kpaɣ pɩnzɩ 1956 nɛ 1992 hɛkʊ taa e-kewiyitu tɛtʊ naa lɛɛzɩ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, ageeta naayɛ pɩsa awɛɛ a-tɩ yɔɔ nɛ halɩ lɛɛna pɩsɩ ajɛyɛ maɣmaɣ.
Pʊsɔzɩna Ositralii, Kanada, Zelande Kɩfalʊʊ nɛ Kewiyaɣ Kɩkpɛndaɣ ɛjaɖɛ lɛ, Eliwabeth kewiyitu talɩ ajɛyɛ anɛ ɖɔɖɔ Jamaïki, Barbade, Bahamas ɛyaa tɛ, Grenade, Papouasie-Guinée Kɩfalʊʊ, Salomon lɩm hɛkʊ taa ajɛyɛ, Tuvalu, Lucie Kiɖeɖeu, Vincent Kiɖeɖeu nɛ Grenadine, Belize, Antigua nɛ Barbuda nɛ Kristofi Kiɖeɖeu nɛ Nivisi ajɛyɛ.


text:
Kpaŋnɔ
Kpaŋnɔ kɛ ɖɩɣa kpɩnɛ sɔsɔyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩtɔkɩ n̄ɩtʋ siŋŋ nɛ ɖɩpɩzɩɣ ɖɩcakɩ wezuu yɔ. Kpaŋnɔ acaya tɛtɛyɩ a-hɛkɩŋ taa ɛzɩ ɖɩɣa kpɩna lɛɛna yɔ. Ɛcɩɖɛ kʋɖʋmɖɩyɛ kʋɖʋmɖɩyɛ wɛna kpam kpam ɛ-nɩŋgbanzɩ naanza yɔɔ. Pɩlaba pɩnzɩ miiliyɔɔ waa 45 yaa 55 yɔ, kpaŋnɔ lɩʋ yɔ. Kajalaɣ kpaŋnɔ kɛwɛ ɛzɩ kpɩnɛ nɖɩ ɖɩwɛna haɣ paɣlaka yɔ nɛ ɖɩwɛɛna ne yʋʋʋ yɔ. Kpaŋnaŋ sɔɔla caɣʋ yaa yɛlʋʋ com com, ɛlɛ, ɛ-taa kʋɖʋm ɖɛɣna-yɛ nɔɔ. Kpaŋnaŋ cakɩ wezuu ɛzɩ ɛyaa yɔ, mbʋ yɔ paa ɛ-taa weyi ɛwɛna ɛ-tʋmɩyɛ ɛ-ɖikpeɣliye taa. Kpaŋnaŋ sɩma seɣa tɔm siŋŋ, pʋ-yɔɔ nabʋyʋ taa ɛpɩzɩɣ ɛtʋlʋʋ ɛ-tɔɔyaa nesi tɛɛ. Pɩma kpaŋnaŋ maʋ nabʋyʋ né ndí kpem, mbʋ yɔ ɛpɩzɩɣ eɖoo ɛsɔdaa. Eeɖou ɖɔɖɔ sakɩyɛ ɛzʋnɔɔ, e-ɖom wɛ ɛzɩ kozoŋa ɖom yɔ. Payaɣ kpaŋnɔ halɩn̄ɩnʋ se "jument". Kpaŋnɔ halɩn̄ɩnʋ kpakɩɣ hɩɖɛ lɛ, fenasɩ hiu nɛ kʋɖʋmaɣ ɛlakɩ nɛ pʋcɔ ɛlʋlɩ. Payaɣ kpaŋnɔ pɩɣa se "poulain". Kpaŋnɔ lʋlʋʋ piileɖiɣ nɛ ɛ-pɩɣa pɩzɩ kapazɩ seu.
Ɛyʋ kɔŋna kpaŋnɔ ɖɩɣa nɛ ɛɖɔɔ-ɩ. Kpaŋnɔ wɛ wazaɣ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ Eerɔpʋ nɛ Aazii pɛ-tɛtʋ tɩŋa taa ɖooo caanaʋ taa. Sɔnɔdaa pɩdakasɩ kpaŋnɔ nɔɔyʋ se ɛwɛ n̄ɩtʋ taa nɛ pɩtasɩna "Przewalski" kpaŋnɔ weyi ɛyʋ pɩzɩoɣ ɛyɔɔdɩ se ɛkɛ n̄ɩtʋ taa n̄ɩnʋ siŋŋ yɔ. Ɛlɛ, ɖɩɣa kpaŋnaŋ sakɩyɛ nɩɩyɛ pɩzɩ lakʋ taa n̄ɩŋ. Ɛyʋ wɛna tɔmpe sakɩyɛ nɛ ɛpɩzɩɣ ɛkɛdɩɣna ɛzɩma mbʋ kpaŋnaŋ wɛɛ yɔ nɛ tɔlɩm ndɩ ndɩ mbʋ ɛwɛna yɔ nɛ huwa ndɩ ndɩ wena a-taa ɛwɛɛ yɔ nɛ wɛtʋ ndʋ ɛwɛna yɔ nɛ ɛzɩma mbʋ ɛcakɩ e-weziŋ yɔ. Ɛyʋ kpɛlɛkɩ kpaŋnaŋ sakɩyɛ ɛzɩma mbʋ ɛyʋ ɛcaɣ ɛ-yɔɔ nɛ ɛɖɔŋ nʋmɔʋ poliŋ n̄ɩŋʋ nakʋyʋ yaa ɛla you yɔ. Kpaŋnʋ paɣlaka siŋŋ lɛ, pɩnzɩ kagbaanzɩ taa. Kpaŋnɔ cakɩ wezuu pɩtalɩ ɛzɩ pɩnzɩ nɛɛlɛ nɛ kagbaanzɩ yaa pɩnzɩ niidozo mbʋ yɔ.
Ɛyʋ kpɛlɛkɩ kpaŋnɔ se ɛlakɩ-ɩ ɛtɔma sakɩyɛ. Ɛyʋ pɩzɩɣ ɛcaɣ kpaŋnɔ nɛ ɛɖɔ nʋmɔʋ poliŋ n̄ɩŋʋ nakʋyʋ. Ɛyʋ pɩzɩɣ ɖɔɖɔ ɛhayɩna kpaŋnɔ hayɩm lemmm. Ɛyʋ pɩzɩɣ ɖɔɖɔ ɛcaɣ kpaŋnɔ yɔɔ nɛ ɛla you sɔsɔʋ nakʋyʋ. Kpaŋnaŋ yeba nɛ tadɩyɛ wobina ɛsɩndaa siŋŋ n̄ɩm ajɛɛ sɔsɔna taa.
Ɖɩɣa Kpɩna tɩŋa taa lɛ, kpaŋnɔ kɩlɩna wazaɣ siŋŋ. Ɛ-tɔm pakɩlɩ yɔɔdʋʋ caanaʋ taa. Ɛ-yɔɔ cɔnaʋ yeba nɛ nesi tɛɛ tʋma sakɩyɛ naayɩ n̄ɔ. Ɖɩkpaɣ ɛzɩ tadɩyɛ nʋmɔʋ taa nɛ tomnaɣ taa hayɩsʋʋ mbʋ payaɣ se "sports hippiques" yɔ pʋ-nʋmɔʋ taa mbʋ yɔ, ɖɩnaɣ se kpaŋnaŋ yebina nɛ tʋma ana aɖɛɛna ɛsɩndaa siŋŋ. Sɔnɔdaa ɛyaa cakɩ kpaŋnaŋ yɔɔ ajɛɛ wena a-tɔsʋʋ ɖɛ ɛsɩndaa siŋŋ yɔ se peleɣyi yaa se pala tɔnʋʋ taa kpekpeka hayɩsʋʋ tʋma. Kpaŋnɔ wɛ wazaɣ siŋŋ ɛyʋ wezuu caɣʋ taa mbʋ yɔ ɛyʋ tɔkɩ ɛ-nandʋ nɛ ɛn̄ɔɔ ɛ-naalɩm. Ɛyʋ lakɩ naadaŋgbala nɛ Kpaŋnɔ tɔnʋʋ. Kpaŋnɔ hɩm wɛ ɛyʋ wazaɣ ɖɔɖɔ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ. Ajɛɛ sɔsɔna naayɛ taa lɛ, kpaŋnɔ lakɩna nɛ haɖaʋ nɛ tadɩyɛ powokina ɛsɩndaa nɛ pɩkɩlɩɣ. Ɖɩɣa kpaŋnɔ yɔɔ cɔnaʋ caɣ kaɖɛ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ. Wondu ndʋ pakpakɩɣ nɛ pɔcɔŋnanɩ kpaŋnɔ yɔɔ yɔ, tɩwɛ ndɩ kpem. Pʋ-yɔɔ pʋpɔzʋʋ se ɛyaa mba pasɩma kpaŋnaŋ tɔm camɩyɛ yɔ, mba ɛkpɛlɛkɩna lɛlaa ɛ-yɔɔ cɔnaʋ.


text:
Tamerlan
Tamerlan (Persan kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ, Timur Lang) yaa Timour naŋgbaŋa tʊ, Timour Kɩkɩlʊʊ (palɩla-ɩ ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 8 pɩnaɣ 1336 Kech tɛtʊ taa pɩñɔtɩna Chakhrisabz, nɔɔnɔɔ Ouzbékistan ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛyʊ ɛnʊ ɛsɩ lɛlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 18 pɩnaɣ 1405 Otrar nɔɔnɔɔ Kazakhstan ɛjaɖɛ taa). Ɛɛkɛ Turc nɛ Mongol ajɛyɛ yoyu kpaɣɖʊ 14 alɩwaatʊ taa, waɖʊ sɔsɔ Azii wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ hɔɔlɩŋ taa kiŋ, Timouride waa kewiyaɣ kɩɖɛzaɣ kiɖe ɖʊyʊ, ŋga kacaɣ piliɖi pɩtalɩ pɩnaɣ 1507 yɔ.
Tamerlan sɩm wayi pɩnaɣ 1405 alɩwaatʊ taa lɛ, ɛ-tɛ Ampiiri ñʊʊ yɔɔ caɣya kaakɛ e-piya (Timouride waa), nɛ ajɛyɛ ɖoŋ ñɩna wena acɔ-wɛ ata yɔ ayɔkʊʊ wobu yɔɔ wobu Ampiiri pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩ Chaybanide waa kewiyaɣ kɩɖɛzaɣ tɛ Ouzbek kpa-wɛ nɛ ɖoŋ kpaagba ɖeɖe. Tamerlan lʊlʊʊ hɩɖɛ yɔ Timour.
Timour lang tɔbʊʊ se Timour naŋgbaŋa tʊ (lang lɩna Persan kʊnʊŋ taa lakaɣ kanɛ yɔ kɔ-cɔlɔ لنگیدن, langidān laŋidan, naŋgbaŋa ɖɔmtʊ). Hɩɖɛ nɖɩ palɩzɩ ɖɔɖɔ Mongol kʊnʊŋ taa Dogolon Tömör (ДoroлoH TөMөp, Tömör, naŋgbaŋa ɖɔnʊ.
Pɔyɔɔdʊʊ mbʊ se palʊla Tamerlan ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 8 pɩnaɣ 1336 Kech tɛtʊ taa, pɩkɛ haɖaa tɛtʊ natʊyʊ tɩñɔtɩna Shahrisabz tɛtʊ. Ɛ-yɔɔ tɔm samɩyaa ha-ɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa ñʊʊ leleŋ siŋ halɩ pɩcɔ palʊlɩ-ɩ. Ɖɩcɔna ɛ-caa Taragay, ɛkɛ wiyaʊ akpadɩyʊ Turc ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊ yɔɔ, malɩŋ Ɛsɔ sɛyʊ piŋ Barlas liɖe taa, weyi ɛɖaŋaɣ se ɛwɛna ɛyʊ weyi eyebina-ɩ ɛ-ñɩm yɔ, ɖozi kawɩlaɣ ɖoziye naɖɩyɛ. Ɛsɔ tiyiyu nɔyʊ ɛwɛ ɛzɩ evebupɩɣa keɖeɣa ñɩŋa nakayɛ lɩ ɛ-yɔɔ nɛ kɛcɛlɩ-ɩ you saɣ. Ɖoziye nɖɩ pe-egetiye taa shykh nɔyʊ lɩzɩ ɖɩ-tɔbʊʊ mbʊ se ɛkaɣ wɛnaʊ abalɩpɩɣa nakɛyɛ nɛ kakaɣ wabʊ kedeŋga kpeekpe nɛ you saɣ ŋga.
Pɔyɔɔdʊʊ ɖɔɖɔ se palʊla pɩɣa ŋga lɛ, ke-nesi yɔɔ nɛ calɩm kpem, nɛ pɩtɔzʊʊ Gengis Khan lʊlʊʊ tɔm, ɛzɩ pɛkɛtɩɣ-tʊ Mongol waa kɩbɩnjaazɩ mɛɛsaɣ tɛ tɔm taa yɔ. Ɛ-caa Taragay kaakɛna Barla waa ñʊʊ tʊ. Ɛɛkɛ Karachar Noyan sɛyɩ nɛ ɛwɛ ndɩ lalaa hɛkʊ pe-cejewiye ɛzɩ ɛkɛʊ kajalaɣ tʊ weyi etisi malɩŋ Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ tɔm yɔɔ yɔ. Taragay pɩzɩ ɛcɔna sɔɔjɛtʊ tʊma sɔsɔna wena ɛ-caa kaayebina-ɩ a-yɔɔ ɛlɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ ɛ-caa Burkul yɔ, ɛkɩlɩ sɔɔlɩ sukuli labʊ tɔm.


text:
Moyen-Orient tɛtʋ wandamm
Tɛtʋ ndʋ payaɣ se Moyen-Orient yɔ, tɩwɛ kpaɣna Mediteranee teŋgu pɔɔ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ taa nɛ tiwolo Iiran ɛjaɖɛ kamaɣ yɔɔ nɛ tɩɖɛɛ Pakisitaanɩ ɛjaɖɛ nɛ Afganistani ɛjaɖɛ pɛ-hɛkʋ taa.
Moyen-Orient tɛtʋ hɔɔlʋʋ sɔsɔʋ wɛ Aazii tɛtʋ wandamm taa. Ɛlɛ, tɩ-hɔɔlʋʋ cikpeluu nakʋyʋ sʋ Afrɩka nɛ hayi kiŋ hɔɔlʋʋ taa.
Ajɛya ndɩ ndɩ wena awɛ Moyen-Orient tɛtʋ taa yɔ, a-hɩla yɔ :
- Iranɩ
- Izrɛɛlɩ
- Palɛsɩtiini
- Yɔrdaanii
- Irakɩ
- Siirii
- Liibaŋ
- Arabii-Sahʊditi
- Yemɛnɩ
- Omaɣ
- Emiratɩ arabʋ aaa kɩkpɛndʋ
- Kataarɩ (Qatar)
- Pareyɩnɩ (Bahreïn)
- Kowɛɛtɩ
- Egipiti
- Turikii
- Pakisitaanɩ
- Afganistani
Halɩ Etazuunii ɛjaɖɛ taa ɛyaa ñɔtɔŋ se Moritaanii nɛ Marɔkɩ nɛ Alizeerii nɛ Tuniizii nɛ Liibii pa-ajɛya wɛ ɖɔɖɔ Moyen-Orient tɛtʋ taa.
Ajɛya wena awɛ Moyen-Orient tɛtʋ taa awɛna sɔnzɩ ndɩ ndɩ sakɩyɛ. Ajɛya ana, alakɩ ɖɔɖɔ Pɛɛrɩsɩ (Perse) nɛ Turikii nɛ Aarabʋ nɛ Kuridi (Kurde) nɛ Juwifu (Juives) pa-ajɛya taa sɔnzɩ.
Kʋnʋmɩŋ weyi pakɩlɩɣ yɔɔdʋʋ ajɛya wena awɛ Moyen-Orient tɛtʋ taa yɔ ɛnʋʋ yɔ Iiraɣ ɛjaɖɛ kʋnʋŋ nɛ Turikii ɛjaɖɛ taa kʋnʋŋ nɛ Arabɩɩ kʊnʊŋ nɛ Hɛbra kʊnʊŋ.
Pɩnaɣ 1902 taa pacalɩ Moyen-Orient tɛtʋ hɩɖɛ haʋ. Sɔɔja sɔsɔ Alfred Mahan hana tɛtʋ ndʋʋ hɩɖɛ ńɖɩ. Sɔɔja sɔsɔ ɛnʋ, ɛkɛ Amerika tɛtʋ taa tʋ.


text:
Neeyerɩlandɛ kʊnʊŋ
Neeyerɩlandɛ (Needɛrɩlandɩ, nɛ kɩyɔɔdʊʊ kɔyɔ se [ˈneː.dəɾ.ˌlɑnts]) kɛ Gɛrɩmanikii hɔʊ taa kʊnʊŋ, pɔyɔɔdʊʊ-kʊ keeke Peyibaa nɛ kɩ-tɛ outre mèr tɛtʊ nɛ Pɛliziki (Flamande nɛ Bruxelloise agetaa taa) nɛ tɛtʊ hɔɔlʊʊ cɩkpelʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-wɛ Fransɩɩ nɛ hayi kiŋ (Westhoek) nɛ Suriname ajɛyɛ taa.
Ajɛyɛ hɛɛkʊʊ kpɩyɩɖʊʊ ŋgbɛ, Neeyerɩlandɛ kʊnʊŋ nɔɔ kʊyʊmaɣ ŋgbɛ tɩna se ɖɩ-ɖʊʊ kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ kɩ-paɣtʊ. Neeyerɩlandɛ kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ nabʊyʊ taa payaɣ-kʊ se Holandɛ yaa Flamandɩ.
Neeyerɩlandɛ kʊnʊŋ lɩna Gɛrimanikii agnela Ɛndɩ-Erɔpʊ kʊnʊmɩŋ taa. Pɩkɛna Fransiki hadɛ kiŋ yɔɔdaɣ, yaa siiduu siiduu kʊnʊmɩŋ weyi pɩhayɩ waɖɛ se kɩ-kɛ ɛjaɖɛ taa kʊnʊŋ.
Samaɣ kʊnʊmɩŋ kpɛlɛkɩyaa saŋ Neeyerɩlandɛ kʊnʊŋ nɛ payaɣ-kʊ se kʊnʊŋ sɔsɔʊ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ pama-kʊ nɛ yɔɔdaasɩ sakɩyɛ nzɩ pɛgɛdɩna yɔ nɛ politiki ɖoŋ yɔ lɛ, kɩ-pɩsɩ wazaɣ pʊyʊʊ pɩŋ tɔm matʊ kʊɖʊmtʊ hɔɔlʊʊ taa.
Tɔmpiye Neeyerɩlandɛ lɩna Nedɛrɩlandɩ tɔm taa, Peeyibaa matʊ taa. Nedɛrɩlandɩ wɩlɩʊ Neeyerɩlandɛ kʊnʊŋ ɛjaɖɛ sɩm ɖɩlɩyɛ yaa lɩzʊʊ se kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ egetiye ŋɖɩ ɖɩ-taa. Nɛ ŋsɔɔla wɩlɩʊ Neeyerɩlandɛ abalʊ kɔyɔ ndɔŋ se Nedɛrɩlandɛrɩ nɛ halʊ lɛ, Nedɛrɩlandsɛ.


text:
Pʊtɔma kalʊʊ
Pʊtɔma kalʊʊ, tɔmpiye nɖɩ ɖɩwɛna tɔbɩŋ nɩɣ ndɩ ndɩ, tɔm kɛdʊʊ-ɖʊ se ɖɩlɩna latɛŋ kʊnʊŋ tɛ kɛnɛ probabilitas, kɛlɛ ɛha siɣye nɛ tɔmpiye ndɩ ɖɩɖɩ paya-ɖɩ se tovonum yɔ, pɩkɛ kpeɣʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ. Kpeɣʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩpɩsɩ piliŋa sɔsɔ nakayɛ kɛ tʊʊzʊʊ hɔɔlʊʊ taa kɛlɛ paya se kpeɣʊʊ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ.
Wɛɛ kpeɣʊʊ tɔm kɛ ñʊʊ siŋ ŋgʊ kɩwɛ kpaɣ 0 ŋtalɩ 1. Yee ñʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩkpaɣla, mbʊ ɖɔɖɔ ɖʊzɩm pɩzɩɣ kɩpaɣlɩ yaa ñʊʊ leleŋ ɖɔʊ, nɛ mbʊ ɖɔɖɔ wɛɛ paɣlʊʊ. Akpeɣ tʊmɩyɛ ɖɩtatɩɩ leɖɩta tʊʊzʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ tɩnaa cɔlɔ. Kpeɣʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩpaɣlɩ lɔŋ lɔŋ kpaɣ kpaɣɖʊ 18 wɛɛ taa pɩtɩŋna yem kpɛlɛkɩtʊ yɔɔ kɔzɩ kɔzɩ putoyidaa aleɣya yɔɔ. Mbʊ yebina nɛ tʊʊzʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ tɩnaa ka ñʊʊ piŋ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-yɔɔ kɛlɛ pɩkɔɔ pɩwazɩɣ hɔɔlɩŋ lɛɛŋ ndɩ ndɩ taa ɛzɩ ɛsɔkaɣ taa ɖɔnɛ kpɛlɛkʊʊ, liidiye hɔɔlʊʊ taa yaa kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ hɔɔlʊʊ.
Ɖʊzʊʊ tɔmʊʊ lɩwa, kajalaɣ kɛ kpɛɣʊʊ kpɛlɛkɩtʊ ɖeɖe lɛ, ɖɩlɩ kpaɣɖʊ 12 wɛɛ taa, se pɩsa nɛ patakɩ tadɩyɛ nɩnaʊ tɔm nɛ Pierre Jean Olivi nɩnaʊ tɔm, nɛ ɖɩpaɣlɩ kpaɣɖʊ 16, alɩwaatʊ ndʊ pekpeɣli nesi ñɩɣ takayasɩ kpeekpe pɩlɩna teŋuu nɔɔ tɔm yɔɔ. Maɣzɩm cikpem nabʊyʊ pɩlɩna Girolamo Cardano yɔɔ kpaɣ kpaɣɖʊ 16 wɛɛ taa, nɛ Galilée kpaɣɖʊ 17, keekee tɛ kpaɣʊʊ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ tɔm lɩ kpaɣ Pierre de Fermat nɛ Blaise Pascal pɛ-ɛgbaɣdɩyɛ alɩwaatʊ ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1654.
Pɩkɔma kpaɣɖʊ 17 hɛkʊ naalɛ ŋgʊ wɛɛ taa pɩlɩna Blaise Pascal, Pierre Fermat ñɩnʊ nɛ Christian Huygens tʊma yɔɔ pɩlɩna pɩfɛyɩ camɩyɛ hɔɔlɩŋ tɔm labɩtʊ yɔɔ kɛ pʊtɔma kalʊʊ tɔmpiye ñɔɔ pazɩ pazɩ wobu yɔɔ, nɛ ɖɔɖɔ tʊʊzʊʊ ɛsɩndaa wobu yɔɔ kɛ pʊtʊ yɔɔ pɩtɩŋna Jacob Bernouilli yɔɔ. Kpaɣɖʊ 18 lɛ Gabriel Cramer wɩlɩ tɔm natʊyʊ pɩlɩna cɔlɩyɛ pʊtɔma kalʊʊ nɛ tɩpɩsɩ kiɖe Diderot ɛsakuliye takayaɣ cɔlɔ, pama-kɛ kpaɣɖʊ kʊyʊmʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-tɛ tɛmtʊ alɩwaatʊ taa.
Haŋ tɛɛ kpazɩyʊ sɔsɔ kɔyɔ Pascal, kɛlɛ Christian Huygens susi De ratiociniis in ludo aleae tɔm (pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se mɩkaɣ yɔɔ tʊmɩyɛ labʊ) pɩnaɣ 1657. Takayaɣ kɩkalaɣ ŋga kiɖe piŋ kɛ pʊtɔma kalʊʊ ɖeɖe.


text:
Gobi kañɩnbʊsaɣ
Goobi kañɩnbʊsaɣ wɛ kpaɣ Siini hayʊ kɩŋ nɛ Mongoli hadɛ kɩŋ pɛhɛkʊ taa. Kawalɩ sɩŋŋŋ. Pɛtɛyɩ Mongoli tam napʊtozo kɔyɔ, Goobi kañɩnbʊsaɣ kpakʊ ɛzɩ hɔɔlɩŋ naalɛ yɔ. Kadaŋga hɔɔlʊ ŋgʊ lɛ, pʊʊ cɔ-kʊ kpɛɛɛ nɛ pɩta. Ɖinaɣ Altaï pʊʊ, Mongoli piyasi nzɩ sɩ yɔɔ nɛ ñɩtʊ kpɛmmm yɔ, Tibetain pʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-ñʊʊ taa walɩ camɩyɛ landammm yɔ pɩnɛ Siini hayʊ kɩŋ kadaŋga. Tʊtʊʊyɛ taa lɛ, Mongoli kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ, Gobi tɔbʊ se hɔɔlʊ ŋgʊ nɩkaɣ takɩlɩ wɛʊ yɔ. Payaɣ Goobi ŋgʊ ɖɔɖɔ se Tsöl mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ peeɖe wɛ kʊlam ɛzɩ ñanaɣ teŋgʊ yɔ. Gobi kñɩnbusaɣ yɔɔ tɔm wɛ welesiɣ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ ɖooo caanaʊ taa lɛ, peeye ɛyaa tɩŋgaɣna heŋ tɔna nɛ pɛɖɛʊ ajɛya ntɩ ntɩ taa kɛlɛʊ kɛlɛʊ nɛ palakɩ kɩlɛɛzʊ.
Goobi kañɩnbʊsaɣ ɖalaakɩŋ taa wɛ kilomɛtanaa 1600 kpaɣna wsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ hadɛ kɩŋ. Toboyuu taa lɛ pɩmaɣna kilomɛtanaa 800 kpaɣna hayʊ kɩŋ ŋwolo ŋsɩɩna hadɛ kɩŋ. Gobi kañɩnbʊsaɣ wɛ kañɩnbʊsasɩ nzɩ sɩkɩlɩ walʊʊ kedeŋga kpeekpe taa yɔ; mbʊ pʊyɔɔ kɩ-tɛ walanzɩ taa wɛ 1300OOOkm2. Gobi kañɩnbʊsaɣ tɔm nɛ tɩɩndɩ kpem. Lɛɛsɩ taa lɛ; kañɩŋga panaɣ, ɛlɛ kaka taa yɔ kaaŋ kɩlana ɖɔʊ.
Goobi tɛtʊ yɔɔ ñɩm wɛ ntɩ ntɩ. Ɖɩnaɣ kadanzɩ nɛ sɩ-taa ñɩtʊ nɛ wɩlɩŋ pɛwɛɛ yɔ; tɛtʊ ñabɩ nɛ kaaŋ nɛ kañɩŋga. Wɩsɩ ɛɛñakɩ sɩŋŋŋ peeɖe. Pɩnaɣ taa lɛ, wɩsɩ ñakɩ kɩyakɩŋ 250 ɖeke.
Kpankʊɖʊmwaa cakɩ hɔɔlɩŋ nɩyɛ. Pacakɩ aɖaaɖaanaa yɔɔ yaa kpaŋganzɩyɔɔ. Napʊyʊ taa lɛ, lɔɔɖa taa pacakɩ nɛ pɔcɔʊ. Kpankʊɖʊm waa mba pazʊ coka taa. Po-coka ana, pamaɣ yɛ kʊlʊ kʊlʊ. Peeɖe, awayɩ tɛtɛ wondu taa lɛ, ɖɩnaɣ Przewalski kpaŋnʊ, kpou yaa kpemtɔyaɣ.
Ɛyaa paazɩ ɖɔɖɛ peeɖe pɩtɛkɛ sɔnɔ. Pɔɖɔʊ pʊŋ nɛ heŋ. Ɛ-taa lɛ, ɖɩnaɣ «angora». Angora ŋgʊ pɔsɔɔlɩ kɩɖɔʊ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ kɩ-tɔnɛ wɛ ɖeu kamaɣ fɛyɩ.
Nemegt hɛɛʊ ŋgʊ kɩwɛna wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ nɛ hadɛ kɩŋ yɔ, patʊʊ-kʊ hɩɖɛ se «Dragons» waa hɛɛʊ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, peeɖe kɛ ɖooo lɔŋ taa kpɩna ɖɩcaɣyɛ kaawɛɛ. Panaɣ peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ kɛ «Dinosaures» naa nɛ pa-yala ɖɔɖɔ.
Goobi kañɩnbʊsaɣ taa tɛʊ nɩʊ yaa wɩsɩ ñaaʊ wɛ wɛɖɩɣ. Pɩlɩɣ na yolim yaa lʊŋgɩyɛ taa tɔm. Mɩsɩkʋm fenaɣ taa lɛ, wɩsɩ ɖoŋ ɖɛ ɛzɩ 38°c. Saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ taa lɛ, nikaɣ wɛ fɩnɩnɩ. Pɩtɛ alɩwaatʊ taa lɛ, nikaɣ ñɛ -250°c. Keteŋa kpeekpe yɔɔ lɛ, Anntarctique wayɩ lɛ, Gobi taa kɛ nikaɣ kɩlaa. Peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ heelim makɩ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ. Ɖoo taa yaa tɛbɩyɛ tɛɛ mbʊ yɔ, piniidu niidu mbʊ yɔ pɩmakʊna ɛzɩ 32°c yɔ. Fɛɛnɩʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ se Yollin Am yɔ, hasɩ yaɖɛ fenaɣ taa,ɛyʊ pɩzɩɣ ɛna lɩm pɛ. Tʊtʊ wayɩ ɖɩnɩɣ se Gobi kañɩbʊsaɣ wɛɛ kawalɩɣ nɛ kawalɩɣ. Pɩnaɣ taa lɛ kañɩnbʊsaɣ ŋga kasʊ lona wena awɛ p,ucɔlɔ kpɛɛɛ yɔ nɛ pɩpɩzɩɣ pɩtalɩ ɛzɩ 10000km2 yɔ.


text:
Firziinii
Firziinii kɛna Etaazunii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ cikpetʊ natʊyʊ. Nɛ Etazuunii ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ ajɛya cikpena naayɛ nɩɩnɩwa kpɛndɩna nɛ aɖʊ nɔɔ nɛ awɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ taa kpaɩ. Etaazunii tɔbʊʊ nɛ kabɩyɛ taa se ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ.
Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩcɔ ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ nɛ tɩta yɔ ndʊ yɔ: Wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ Atlantiki Lɩŋamʋʋ, wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa kiŋ lɛ Firziinii wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa ñɩŋgʊ nɛ Kɛntukii nɛ hadɛ kiŋ lɛ Karolinii nɛ hayʊ kiŋ nɛ Tenesii tɛtʊ wɛna, piyele nɛ hayʊ kiŋ lɛ Marlandii nɛ Kolombii.
Pamaza Firziinii ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ taa lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ ɛzɩ 110 862 km2 nɛ ɖenɖe tɛtʊ ñabɩ wɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 102 642 km2 yɔ nɛ ɖenɖe lɩm ñɛwɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe ñɛwɛʊ ɛzɩ 8 220 km2 yɔ pʊtɔbʊʊ se pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 7,41 yɔ kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ. Ɛjaɖ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩkɛŋna 45 ñɩnɖɛ ɛyaa ɖɔʊ taa kɛ Etazuunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ kpeekpe taa.
Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɖɩ kɛŋna ɛjaɖɛ hiu ñɩnɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩsʊ Etaazunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊɣ ŋgbɛyɛ taa yɔ. Ɛlɛ pɩɩkɛ mɩsɩkʊm fenaɣ kɩyakʊ ŋgʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 1788.
Pɩnaɣ 2010 taa paakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ paana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 8 001 024 yɔ.
Payaɣ Firziinii ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-ñʊʊdʊ se Ralph Northam (D) piyele nɛ komina ñʊndinaa kɔyɔ: Mark Warner (D) nɛ Tim Kaine (D).
Firziinii taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Richmond nɛ nɛ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ yɔ ndʊ lɛ Firziiniyabisii.
Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, ŋgʊ lɛ yɔ Eŋgilisi.


text:
Soojaa
Soojaa yaa sonaa tɩŋ num ñɩŋ pɩkɛ tɩŋ weyi ɛlakɩ pɩnaɣ yɔ. Ɛlɩnɛ hatʊ ɖozi tɩŋ tɛ ɛ-tɛ nɛ Azii wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa kiŋ. Soojaa ŋgʊ kɩwɛ ndɩ ndɩ pɩlɩnɛ kɩ-tɛ lʊlʊʊ cɔlɔ, lɛɛŋ kota nɛ pee sɛmɩŋ lʊlʊʊ alɩwaatʊ ñɔtɩ kpam nɛ kɩɖe tɛ ñɩŋ nɛ kɩmaɣna nɛkɛdɛm nɛ ŋgʊ pakɩlɩ hayʊʊ. Kɩ-piliŋzi ɖalakɩŋ maɣna mɛta naa 30 ntalɩ 130 mbʊ yɔ nɛ kɩ-hatʊ tɛɣ ɖama taa natozo natozo. Kɩ-tɛ pee wɛ hʊndʊʊ pɔyɩŋ taa, ɛ-ɖalɩ tʊzɛɛ yaa ɛ-koti ɛzɩ tɔʊ yɔ nɛ ɛ-taa wɛʊ pee naalɛ yaa natozo. Padakpaɣnɛ-kʊ ɛzɩ ɖozi hayʊ kɩwɩlɩɣ yɔ, ɛlɛ,ɛzɩ num tɩŋ kɛ ŋgbɛɛ ndɩ ɖɩjɔŋna tɔnasɩ nɛ haɖaʊ pɔyɔ yɔ ndɩ payaɣ se FAO.
Soojaa kɛ ñɩm sɔsɔɔm tɔsʊʊ huuu nɔmɔʊ taa ɖooo pɩnzɩ 5000 cɔlɔ mbʊ yɔ. Pahayʊʊ-kʊ kɩ-pee pɩlɩna kɩ-tɛ cɛŋgbɛ mʊlʊm nɛ kɩ-tɛ num yɔ, ɛyaa tɔkɩ-kʊ ɖɔɖɔ tɛtɛ kpɩna tɔkɩ-kʊ ɖɔɖɔ. Pehilii-kʊ ɖozi kɩ-tɛ nalɩm wɛ ɖɔɖɔ nɛ kɩ-tɛ num wɛna wazaɣ sɩŋ tʊma sɔsɔnaa ndɩ ndɩ taa. Ajɛyaa wena akɩlɩɣ-kʊ hayʊʊ yɔ a-naa yɔ Etaazuunii nɛ Preeziili nɛ Arɩzantɩnɩ nɛ Siini nɛ Ɛndɩ.
Soojaa tɩŋ wɛ ɛzɩ ñɩyʊʊ ɛlɛ pahayɩ-kʊ kɩhayʊʊ nɛ kɩlɩnɛ ñɩtʊʊ taa Soojaa cɔlɔ kɛnɛ. Soojaa tɩŋ tɩŋga yɔ wɛ (hatʊ pɩlɩnzɩ nɛ pɔyɩŋ) hʊndʊ tɩsɛ caʊʊ yaa huluu sɛmɩŋ. Kɩ-hatʊ tɛ ɖama taa nɛ pʊtɔzʊʊ ɛzɩ sonaa hatʊ yɔ. Hatʊ cɩkpetʊ ndʊ tɩ-ɖalakɩŋ maɣna sentɩmɛtaa naa 6 ntalɩ 15 walanzɩ kɔyɔ 2 ntalɩ 7. Ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ sonaa yɔ kajalaɣ hatʊ ha ɖama nɛ siiye hatʊ ndʊ tɩtɔʊ nɛ pʊcɔ pɩtalɩ pɔyɩŋ lʊlʊʊ alɩwaatʊ.


text:
Sansɩkrɩtɩ kʊnʊŋ
Sansɩkratɩ kʊnʊŋ kɛ Ɛndɩ-Erɔpʊ kʊnʊŋ ɛndɩ-aryɛnɛ cejewiye taa, ŋgʊ pɔyɔɔdɔɣ Ɛɛndɩ kedeŋga nɛ haɖɛ yɔ. Ɖeeɖe nɛ sɔnɔ yɔ tɩlɩyaa sɔsaa nabɛyɛ ɖɩnaɣ-kʊ yɔɔdʊʊ nɛ pɔsusuu tɔm lɩzɩya ŋgbɛ tʊma nɛ pɔɖɔkʊ ɖama yɔɔdɩnaʊ yaa naʊ Sansɩkrɩtɩ taa.
Sansɩkratɩ kɛ Ɛndɩ nɛ Puda Ɛsɔ tɔm mʊyaa tɛ takayaɣsɩ taa kʊnʊŋ nɛ ɖɔɖɔ tɔm kɩmamatʊ nɛ tɩlɩyɛ tʊmɩyɛ tɛ kʊnʊŋ nɛ pɩlɩna hɩɖɛ ndɩ ɖɩyɔɔ lɛ, paɖɩna-kʊ labɩnaʊ tʊmɩyɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ Latɛŋ yɔ Wɩsɩ Ɖɩɖʊyɛ kedeŋga taa ɛzɩ Ɛsɔ tɔm takayaɣsɩ taa kʊnʊŋ nɛ ɛzakuliye kʊnʊŋ nɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɖama hɛkʊ taa kʊnʊŋ.
Pɩnaɣ 1981 ɛyaa kɩgalʊʊ wɩlʊʊ se kɩnɩyaa kɩɩtalɩ ɛyaa kudokiŋ 6100 nɛ pɩnaɣ 1961 lɛ ɛyaa ñɔtɩna ɛzɩ 194400 mba pa-lakɩnɛ-kʊ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ ɛzɩ kʊnʊŋ naalɛ ŋgʊ. Kɩ-kɛ kewiyaɣ kʊnʊŋ Ɛndɩ ɛjadɛ taa. Sansɩkrɩtɩ tɔmpe cɔlʊʊ wɛna tɔmɩŋ kpiyiyu camɩyɛ.
Sansɩkrɩtɩ lɩna Ɛndɩ Erɔpʊ kʊnʊmɩŋ cejewiye taa, Ɛndɔ-Ɩranɩyɛnɩ pɩlɩŋga taa, Ɛndɩ-Arɩyɛnɛ (indo-aryenne) tɛ pɩtɛ pɩlɩŋga taa. Sansɩkrɩtɩ caɣ siŋ Ɛndɩ nɛ hayi kɩŋ kʊnʊmɩŋ, ɛzɩ ɖɩkpaɣ Hindi nɛ Urduu nɛ Bengalɩ nɛ Marathii nɛ Kasemɩrɩyɛ nɛ Punabɩ nɛ Nepaalɩ nɛ ɖɔɖɔ Romanɩ (tsigane).
Sansɩkrɩtɩ kɩ-hɩɖɛ keeke kɛlɛ, saṃskṛtam pʊtɔpʊ se camɩyɛ tɛzʊʊ kɛ ɖeɖe ɖeɖe tɔm. Ɖooo pitihiɣ lɛ, payaɣa-kʊ yaa pasɩma-kʊ nɛ matʊ tʊnɛyɔ भाषा (bhāṣā), वाच् (vāc) yaa शब्द (śabda), tɔmʊʊ, kʊnʊŋ, panɩ sansɩkrɩtɩ taŋ ɛzɩ kɩwɛ kiyeke kɛlɛʊ lɛ, tɔmʊʊ tɔbʊʊ kɩndʊʊ ɛzɩ गीर्वाणभाषा (gīrvāṇabhāṣā), Ɛsɔnaa tɛ kʊnʊŋ wɩlɩɣ pɩŋ se kɩ-kɛ Ɛsɔ kɩlaʊ tɛ kʊnʊŋ.
Kpaɖɩŋ sakɩyɛ alɩwaatʊ taa lɛ, Sansɩkrɩtɩ kɛ tɩlɩyɛ kʊnʊŋ ɖɔɖɔ kpagba matʊ kʊnʊŋ nɛ Ɛsɔ kɩlaʊ tɛ kʊnʊŋ nɛ lɔnzɩzɩyɛ kpɛlɛkʊ tɛ kʊnʊŋ. Kɩ-kɛ ɖama hɛkʊ taa wala yɔɔdɔɣ Ɛndɩ nɛ Azii Wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa kɩŋ kʊnʊŋ ɛlɛ, Pɛrɩsanɩ kʊnʊŋ wɛ kɩɖɔnʊʊ-kʊ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ malɩŋ you laɖa kɔŋ lɛ.


text:
Pilee
Pilee kɛ ɛyaa kpeekpe tɛ yatʊ. Payaɣ se pilee lɛ ɖɩnaɣ pɩ-taa peeɖe kɛ tɩŋ weyi pahayɩ-ɩ yɔ e-kpeekpe, ɛ-tɛ nɛ Triticum. Pɩkɛ pɩnaɣ taa tɛ tɩŋ, ɛ-tɛ nɛ tɩŋ weyi ɛlʊlʊʊ pee yɔ tɛ tɩmʊʊ liɖe taa nɛ pahayɩ-ɩ ajɛyɛ sakɩyɛ taa. Payaɣ se Pilee pɩwɩlʊʊ se pɩkɛ piye nɖɩ pɩ-tɛ tɩŋ lʊlʊʊ yɔ.
Pilee wɛ tɩŋ sɔsɔŋ niitozo taa kɩ-nɛ samɩɖɛ nɛ mɔʊ. Pɩnaɣ taa lɛ, tɔŋnɩnaa miiliyɔɔ naa 700 tɔnasɩ kpaɣʊʊ alɩwaatʊ taa. Kɛkɛ naatozo ŋga yuŋ hɔɔlʊʊ taa kedeŋga kpeekpe taa, nɛ kɩ-nɛ mɔʊ ɛyʊ kɩlɩɣ sɔɔlʊʊ tɔʊʊ. Pilee kɛ Wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa ajɛyɛ taa nɛ Moyen-Orient ɛsakuliye tɛ pɩyʊʊ sɩŋ kɛ ɛyʊ tɔnasɩ hɛkʊʊ taa. Pilee wɛ tɩndɩma naalɛ taa wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa cɔlɔ pɩlɩnɛ ñɩtʊʊ taa pilee nakʊyʊʊ cɔlɔ. Kɩɩwɛ ɖooo canaʊ sɔsɔʊ taa. Kajalaɣ kɩ-haɖaʊ lɩnɛ ɖooo kpaɣɖʊ 8 pʊcɔ palʊʊlɩ Yeesu-Krɩstʊ kɛ Mesopotamie ajɛyɛ taa nɛ Tigre kedeŋga taa nɛ Euphrate (sɔnɔŋgʊ payaɣ se Irak yɔ) nɛ mʊzʊŋ ageetaa sɔsɔnaa. Ɖɩcɔna nɛ ɖɩna yɔ pileenaa mba pa-naalɛ pa-taa lɛ ŋgʊ kɩ-yɔɔ fɛyɩ pɔyɩŋ yɔ kɩkɩlɩnɛ ɖɛʊ.
Pee wenaa awɛ ɖoŋ yɔ pahayʊʊ-yɛ sɔŋgɔɔ ageetaa taa nɛ wenaa a-taa wɛ wɩlɩŋ (Erɔpʊ nɛ haɖɛ kiŋ ɛzɩ Fransɩɩ nɛ haɖɛ kiŋ nɛ Itaalii ajɛyɛ taa). Pilee ɖoŋ ñɩŋgʊ pee a-naa a-taa ŋnɛʊʊ ɖɔ pɩŋ nɛ palakɩnɛ semuuli naa nɛ mʊtʊ kɩtɔɔtʊ. Pilee ɖɔfɩɩ tɛ pee, ɖooo poliŋ taa canaʊ taa kɩlɩnɛ yuŋ nɛ pakɩlʊʊ-kʊ hayʊʊ Fransɩ, Kanadaa nɛ Ukurɛnɩ ajɛyɛ taa. Pilee ɖɔfɩɩ tɛ ŋgʊ pahayʊʊ-kʊ se pehɩɣ kɩ-tɛ mʊlʊm nɛ palabɩnɛ kpɔnɔ kɩpɩsʊʊ. Sakɩyɛ taa lɛ, payaɣ-kʊ se pilee ɖɔfɩɩ ŋgʊ yaa kɛlɛʊ taa pilee pɩkɛ tɩŋ ŋgʊ kɩmɩza ajɛyɛ kpeekpe taa yɔ, nɛ ŋgʊ pakɩlɩɣ hayʊʊ nɛ kɩwayɩ lɛ, samɩɖɛ nɛ mɔʊ. Pʊwɛ mbʊ lɛ, kɩ-tɩŋ ɖɔ sakɩyɛ nɛ ɛwɛ ndɩ ndɩ pɩlɩnɛ paa ɛjaɖɛ ndɩ lɛ, ɖɩ-cɔlɔ.
Tɔzʊʊ kɩfam, pɩpazɩnɛ kpaɣdʊ 19 tɛmtʊ alɩwaatʊ taa pɩtɩŋɛ Vilmori Henry cɔlɔ nɛ ɛñɩɣ nesi lɩmazaɣ naatozo yɔ kɛnɛ. Kɔɔnaɣ lɛ, kʊdɔmɩŋ lʊbɩnaʊ nɛ ɛjaɖɛ wɛtʊ tɛ tɩlasɩ, yaɖɛ taa kɩlʊmʊm tɛ ñɩm kɔzɩ kɔzɩ ŋnɛʊʊ ŋgʊ palakɩ nɛ kpɔnɔ kɩbɩsɩɣ nɛ kɩ-tɛ pee ɖɔʊ tɔɔnaɣ kpaʊ alɩwaatʊ taa yɔ. Pɩtɛ tɔzʊtʊʊ ndʊ tɩkɔna kaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ ndɩ lɛ se pilee hɔndʊʊ ŋgʊ ɖɩma. Ɖɛzʊʊ mayaɣ kɛ tɛndɛŋga tɛɛ mbʊ lɛ, pilee kɩfalʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩlɩnɛ pilee hɔndʊʊ ñɩŋgʊ nɛ ŋgʊ kɩwɛ kpɛdɛ kpɛdɛ yɔ pɛ-tɛ tamsʊʊ cɔlɔ mbʊ yebina nɛ ŋgʊ kɩwɛ kpɛdɛ kpɛdɛ yɔ kɩle.
Kajalaɣ taa lɛ pʊwɛzɩ pɔtɔkaɣ pilee nɛ lɛɛŋ nɛ pʊwayɩ lɛ, patɩzʊʊ yaa pɔhɔkɩ ɛzɩ tɛɛʊ yɔ nɛ pʊpʊwayɩ kɔyɔ palakɩ-kʊ kɛkɛndɛyʊʊ kɩwɩlʊʊ pɩlɩnɛ namɩyɛ nɛ nem pɔ-yɔɔ naŋgʊʊ. Kɩpɩsɩ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa ajɛyɛ kɛ kajalaɣ tɔɔnaɣ nɛ pɔtɔkɩ-kʊ tɔɔnasɩ ndɩ ndɩ taa kpaɣ ɛzɩ kpɔnɔ nɛ semuli nɛ mʊtʊ nɛ pɩsɩkɩtɩ naa taa. Pilee haɖaʊ takɩlɩ kaɖɛ ɛzɩ mɔʊ yɔ. Kɩ-haɖaʊ ɛpɔzʊʊ hayɩm taa ñɔzʊʊ sakɩyɛ yaa tʊmɩyɛ labʊ pʊɖɔɔ.


text:
OTAN ŋgbɛyɛ
Anasaayɩnaa tɛ ajɛya sakɩyɛ naayɛ taa sɔɔjanaa ɖʋ ŋgbɛyɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ payaɣ pɛ-ŋgbɛyɛ ńɖɩ se OTAN. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se Atlantiki (Atlantique) pʋʋ nɛ kɩ-hayi kiŋ palaba kedizaɣ sɔsaɣ nakɛyɛ nɛ paɖʋ ŋgbɛyɛ ńɖɩ. Payaɣ OTAN ŋgbɛyɛ ɖɔɖɔ se « Atlantiki Nɔɔ haʋ ».
OTAN ŋgbɛyɛ tamaɣ kajalaɣ ñɩŋa kɔyɔ se ɖɩkandɩ ajɛya wena awɛ ŋgbɛyɛ ńɖɩ ɖɩ-taa yɔ nɛ ɖiɣɖiɣ caɣʋ nɛ laŋhɛzɩyɛ pɛwɛɛ ajɛya ana a-taa. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se ajɛya ana, a-taa sɔɔjanaa laba nɔɔ kʋɖʋmaɣ nɛ palʋkɩ siŋŋ se laŋhɛzɩyɛ ɛwɛɛ ajɛya ana a-taa.
Pajala ŋgbɛyɛ ńɖɩ ɖʋʋ lɛ, pasɩɩ ɖɩ-tʋma ñʋʋ Lɔndrɩ tɛtʋ taa. Pʋwayɩ lɛ, pɛkɛzɩ ŋgbɛyɛ ńɖɩ ɖʋ-tʋma ñʋʋ Paarii tɛtʋ taa. Ɛlɛ, kpaɣna ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1966 taa nɛ pʋkɔɔ pɩsɩɩna sɔnɔ yɔ, OTAN ŋgbɛyɛ tʋma ñʋʋ wɛ Prukisɛɛkɩ tɛtʋ taa.
OTAN ŋgbɛyɛ sɔɔjanaa pɩlɩʋ sɔsɔʋ payaɣ se SHAPE. Pɩlɩʋ sɔsɔʋ ŋgʋ, kʋ-tʋma ñʋʋ kajalɩ wɛʋ Rocquencout tɛtʋ taa, Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛlɛ, sɔnɔ yɔ, pɛkɛza kʋ-tʋma ñʋʋ Mons tɛtʋ taa. Mons tɛtʋ wɛ Pɛlɩziiki ɛjaɖɛ taa.
Ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ naanza (4) ñɩŋʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1949 taa OTAN ŋgbɛyɛ ñɔɔ. Anasaayɩnaa tɛ ajɛya naayɛ calɩna ɖama nɩnaʋ nɛ pâla kedizaɣ nakɛyɛ Pɛlɩziiki ɛjaɖɛ taa Prukisɛɛkɩ tɛtʋ taa. Ajɛya wena anɩna ɖama nɛ ala kedizaɣ ŋ́ga yɔ, anaa yɔ : Pɛlɩziiki ɛjaɖɛ nɛ Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ nɛ Lukisambuuri ɛjaɖɛ nɛ Peyibaa nɛ Kewiyaɣ Kɩkpɛndaɣ. Ɛlɛ, ajɛya ana, alakaɣ a-kedizaɣ ŋ́ga lɛ, ayaa ajɛya naayɛ se alɛ iwolo pe-kedizaɣ ŋ́ga ka-taa nɛ anɩɩ ndʋ pɔcɔɔlʋʋ yɔ. Ajɛya wena payaa yɔ, alɛ yɔ : Kanadaa nɛ Etaazuuni nɛ Tanemarɩkɩ nɛ Italii nɛ Isɩlandɩ nɛ Nɔrɩvɛɛzɩ nɛ Pɔrɩtigaalɩ.
Pʋwayɩ lɛ, anasaayɩnaa tɛtʋ taa ajɛya sakɩyɛ lɛɛna sʋʋ OTAN ŋgbɛyɛ taa. Ɛlɛ, ajɛya naayɛ tɔsɔɔlɩ se aɖʋ a-nɔsɩ sɔɔjatʋ tʋmɩyɛ nʋmɔʋ taa, pʋ-yɔɔ akezaa nɛ atɔsʋʋ OTAN ŋgbɛyɛ taa. Ajɛya ana, anaa yɔ : Otrisi, nɛ Fɛɛlandɩ nɛ Irilandɩ nɛ Suyɛɛdɩ nɛ Suwiisi.


text:
Amerika nɛ hayi kiŋ kujomiŋ
Amerika nɛ hayʊ kiŋ kujomiŋ kpɛnda kujomiŋ sɔsɔŋ kagbanzɩ kpayɩ nɛ ɛwɛ Etaazuunii nɛ Kanadaa ajɛya anɛ a-hɛkʊ taa. Amerika nɛ hayʊ kiŋ kujomiŋ ɛnɛ, ɛnʊ kɛna keteŋa kpeekpe taa kujomiŋ weyi ɛkɩla liŋguu nɛ salanzɩ ɖɔɖɔ yɔ. Kujomiŋ ɛnɛ ɛ-ɖaɣlakɩŋ kakɩ yaa nabʊlɛ taa lɛ, pɩmaɣna kilomɛtanaa ɛzɩ 244 100 yɔ nɛ ɛ-taa lɩm wɛ ɛzɩ 23 000 km3 yɔ. Yee pakpaɣ pɔɔ ŋga payaɣ-kɛ Laurent Kiɖeɖeu yɔ ka-taa lɩm nɛ pɛkpɛndɩ Amerika nɛ hayʊ kiŋ kujomiŋ yɔɔ kɔyɔ, ɛ-taa lɩm talɩɣ ɛzɩ kedeŋa kpeekpe lɩm mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ lɛ hiu nɛ litoozo yɔ.
Amerika nɛ hayʊ kiŋ kujomiŋ ɛnʊ ɛ-taa lɛ nanza wɛ Kanadaa nɛ Amerika pɛhɛkʊ taa. Michigan kujomuu ɖeke koŋ wɛna Etazuunii tɛtʊ taa yeli. Jujomuu nakʊyʊ wɛɛ nɛ payaɣ-kʊ Claire kiɖeɖeu kujomuu nɛ pɛtɛkpɛndɩna-kʊ nɛ pakalɩ Amerika nɛ hayʊ kiŋ kujomiŋ taa. Kujomiŋ kʊnɛ kɩwɛ Huron nɛ Erié kujomiŋ hɛkʊ taa. Pɩtɛkɛ kiɖeke ɖɔɖɔ, kujomiŋ cikpeŋ wɛɛ nɛ ɛɖɛɛ ɛzɩ kutoku yɔ kɛ Amerika nɛ hayʊ kiŋ kujomiŋ ɛnʊ ɛ-taa.
Amerika nɛ hayʊ kiŋ kujomiŋ ɛnɛ, ɛtɩŋa ɛ-lɩm kpeŋ Laurent kiɖeɖeu pɔɔ taa nɛ ɛ-lɩm talɩɣ ɛzɩ 23 000 km3 yɔ nɛ mbʊ calɩɣna Etazuunii ajɛya 48 payɩ. Paa nɛ mbʊ yɔ, kedeŋa kpeekpe taa lɛ Amerika nɛ hayʊ kiŋ kujomiŋ ɛnɛ ɛ-taa lɩm fɛyɩ kele kele nɛ pɩtalɩ lɛɛbʊ. Lɩm mbʊ pʊwɛ kele kele yɔ pɩmakʊɣna ɛzɩ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ lɛ 4,2 ɖekɛ mbʊ yɔ. Amerika nɛ hayʊ kiŋ kujomiŋ ɛnɛ ɛ-walanzɩ taa wɛ ɛzɩ Kewiyaɣ Kɩkpɛndaɣ kpeekpe walanzɩ yɔ: 244 100 km2.


text:
Sʊyɛdɩ
Suyɛdɩ kɛna Erɔpɩ nɛ hayʊ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ ɖɩwɛ Erɔpɩ nɛ haayʊ kiŋ ajɛya kɩkpɛndɩɣ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se Sikandinavi yɔ ɖɩ-taa. Ɖɩ-tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Sitɔkɩholom nɛ kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pɔyɔɔdɩɣ yɔ ŋgʊ lɛ Sʊyɛdiwaa.
Wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ nɛ hayʊ kiŋ lɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩzɩ kamaɣ nɛ Fɛlandɩ piyele nɛ wɩszɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa lɛ Nɔrɩvɛzɩ ɛjaɖɛ, pɩzaaʊ nɛ hadɛ kiŋ yɔ Tanimarikɩ. Hayʊ kiŋ lɛ ɛyaa mba payaɣ-wɛ se Laponiwaa yɔ mba wɛna peeɖe. Samwaa kɛŋna Sikandinavi taa mba pacalɩ caaʊ yɔ.
Sʊyɛdɩ wɛ Erɔpɩ ajɛya kpeekpe kɩkpɛndɩɣ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ paya se UE yɔ ɖɩ-taa ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1995. Erɔpɩ kpeekpe taa lɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɖɩ lɛ kagbaanznɩ nɖɩ wena akɩla walanzɩ nɛ ɖɩwalanzɩ taa maɣna ɛzɩ kilomɛtanaaagbaba 449 964. Ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩkɩlɩ walanzɩ Erɔpɩ taa yɔ nɖɩ lɛ Rusi, pɩwayɩ lɛ Ukirɛnɩ, Fransɩ, Ɛsɩpañɩ nɛ Sʊyɛdɩ tɩŋ awayɩ.
Sʊyɛdɩ ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊdʊ payaɣ se Urban Ahlin nɛ komina ñɩnʊ yɔ Stefan Löfven. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa pakalɩ ɛyaa kɛ kamɩŋ fena 30 pɩnaɣ 2015 lɛ pɛkpɛndɩ miloyɔɔnaa 9 845 155.


text:
Yulee tɔlɩm
Tɔlɩm mbʊ pʊwɛ yulee yɔ, pɩkɛ sɛmɩŋ tɛ tɔlɩm. Yee ɛsɔdaa ɛtʊ camɩyɛ kpayɩ kpayɩ kɔyɔ, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se mɩndʊ kʊhʊlʊmtʊ ɛfɛyɩ kɔyɔ, tɔlɩm yulee mbʊ ɛyʊ naɣ Ɛsɔ tɔnʊʊ tɛɛ. Nabʊyʊ taa kɔyɔ, teŋgu lɩm wɛɣ ɖɔɖɔ yulee tɩyɛ.
Kaaŋ nɩɩyɛ nɛ sumasɩ nɛ pɔsɩ nasɩyɛ taa lɩm nɛ huuduhuyiŋ nɩɩyɛ wɛna tɔlɩm mbʊ pʊwɛ yulee yɔ. Ɛlɛ, tɛtɛɛ ñɩm ndɩ ndɩ sakɩyɛ fɛyɩna tɔlɩm yulee. Tɛtɛɛ ñɩm mbʊ pʊwɛna tɩŋ hatʊ tɔlɩm. Lɛɛbʊ ñɛkɛ kɩsɛmbʊ nɛ lɛɛbʊ ñɛwɛɛna sʊtʊ lɩm tɔlɩm.
Ɛzɩma mbʊ pɔcɔlɩ tɔlɩm ndɩ ndɩ nɛ panaɣ-pʊ naʊ mbʊ yɔ
Tɔlɩm mbʊ pʊwɛ yulee yɔ, pʊwɛ ndɩ ndɩ kpem. Teŋgu lɩm yulee wɛɛ. Ɛsɔdaa ɛtʊ camɩyɛ kpayɩ kpayɩ kɔyɔ, ɛyʊ naɣ se pʊwɛ yulee. Tɔlɩm yulee mbʊ pʊwɛ camɩyɛ kpayɩ kpayɩ yɔ, pʊbʊ ñɛwɛɛ. Tɔlɩm yulee nabʊyʊ ñoyu kuyu kpem ɛzɩ ɖoho yɔ.
Ñalɩmɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩwɛ yulee yɔ ɖɩnaɣ poliŋ pɩtalɩ ɛzɩ kɩmaɣzʊʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ se nanomɛtanaa 450 yaa 500 mbʊ yɔ. Lɛɣtʊ piliŋa ŋga kɔcɔŋna mʊntʊsɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ naɣ naʊ mbʊ poliŋ taa yɔ, ka-taa ñɩnɩyaa takaa nɛ pana se tɔlɩm mbʊ pʊwɛ yulee nɛ mbʊ pʊbʊ ̄n̄ɛwɛ yulecɛzʊʊ yɔ, pʊ-mʊntʊsʊŋ naɣ poliŋ pɩtalɩ ɛzɩ kɩmaɣzʊʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ se nanomɛtanaa yɔ 476 yaa 483. Nabʊyʊ taa kɔyɔ, pʊwɛɣ ɛzɩ nanomɛtanaa 466 yaa 490 mbʊ yɔ. Mʊntʊsʊʊ naʊ taa lɛ, tɔlɩm kɩsɛmɩm pɩzɩɣ ɛzɩ kɛdaɣ yɔ. Payaɣ tɔlɩm kʊhʊlʊmɩm mbʊ pañala camɩyɛ cɩɖɩ cɩɖɩ yɔ se tɔlɩm yules.


text:
Maɣzɩm (conscience)
Pɔtɔŋʊʊ yaa payaʊ se maɣzɩm yɔ, ɛyʊ pɩzɩɣ ɛtɔ se pɩkɛ we. Lɛɣtʊ piliŋa nakɛyɛ wɛɛ nɛ payaɣ-kɛ se filozofii. Lɛɣtʊ piliŋa ŋga kɔyɔɔdʊʊ se hɔɔlɩŋ naanza taa ɛyʊ pɩzɩɣ ɛlɩzɩ maɣzɩm tɔbʊʊ. Hɔɔlɩŋ naanza ɛnʊʊ yɔ :
Kajalaɣ hɔɔlʊʊ kɔyɔ hɔɔlʊʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ se sikoloziiki yɔ. Sikolozii hɔɔlʊʊ taa lɛ, maɣzɩm kɛna ɖoŋ weyi ɛyʊ nɛ lakɩ ɛ-fɩtɩyɩm taa se pɩtamsɩ ɛ nɛ kedeŋa yɔ. Pɩpɩzɩɣ ɖɔɖɔ pɩkɛ ɖoŋ weyi ɛyʊ wɛna nɛ ɛlakɩ se ɛ-fɩtɩyɩm nɛ ɛ-maɣmaɣ patamsɩna ɖama yɔ. Sikolozii hɔɔlʊʊ kʊnɛ kɩ-taa lɛ, maɣzɩm nɛ mbʊ payaɣ se sɩmtʊ (connaissance) yɔ patamsɩna ɖama. Maɣzɩm nɛ mbʊ payaɣ se hɔyɛ pɩsɩʊ yaa taa leleŋ labʊ yaa ɖɩɣzɩʊ (émotion) yɔ patamsɩna ɖama ɖɔɖɔ. Maɣzɩm nɛ wɛʊ (existence) nɛ mbʊ ɛyʊ sɩma kpayɩ kpayɩ yaa mbʊ pɩtɩkpaɣ ɛyʊ ñʊʊ taa yɔ patamsɩna ɖama ɖɔɖɔ. Maɣzɩm nɛ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ (pensée) patamsɩna ɖama ɖɔɖɔ.
Hɔɔlʊʊ naalɛ ñɩŋgʊ lɛ mbʊ payaɣna fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa se «moral» yɔ. Pɩkɛ ɛyʊ hɔyɛ yaa ɛ-ñʊʊ taa lɩmaɣzɩyɛ. Hɔɔlʊʊ kʊnɛ kɩ-taa lɛ, maɣzɩm kɛna ɖoŋ weyi ɛyʊ wɛna se ɛpɩzɩ ɛhʊʊ lɩmaɣza kɩbana tɔm yɔ. Pɩpɩzɩɣ pɩkɛ ɛ-maɣmaɣ ɛ-lɩmaɣza yaa pɩpɩzɩɣ pɩkɛ lɛlʊ tɛ lɩmaɣza.
Hɔɔlʊʊ naadozo ñɩŋgʊ taa lɛ, maɣzɩm kɛ mbʊ payaɣna ɛyʊtʊ (humanité) yɔ.
Hɔɔlʊʊ naanza ñɩŋgʊ ɖeɖe lɛ, papɩzɩɣ pakpaɣ maɣzɩm se pɩkɛ ɛyʊ ñʊʊ taa lɩmaɣza ndɩ ndɩ tɩŋa payɩ.
Ɖajaa André Comte-Sponville tɔ se toovenum lɛ, tɔmbiye maɣzɩm caɣ kaɖɛ siŋŋ ɖɩ-tɔbʊʊ lɩzʊʊ taa. Tɔmbiye nɖɩ, ɖɩ-tɔbʊʊ lɩzʊʊ caɣ kaɖɛ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, ɛyʊ maɣzɩm kʊɖʊmbʊ mbʊ ɛyʊ lakɩ se ɛpɩzɩ ɛlɩzɩ maɣzɩm tɔbʊʊ. Pɩlaba se maɣzɩm lɩzɩɣna tɔmbiye «maɣzɩm» tɔbʊʊ, pɩcaɣ kaɖɛ siŋŋ. Pʊ-nʊmɔʊ taa ɖɔɖɔ Ɛsɔ sɛyaa mba payaɣ se «bouddhistes» waa yɔ, potuu eduye se « saɣ nakɛyɛ ɛɛpɩzɩɣ kɛsɛtɩ ka-tɩ». Pʊ-nʊmɔʊ kʊɖʊmʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa ɖajaa Auguste Comte yɔɔdaa se «ɛyʊ ɛɛpɩzɩɣ ɛsɩŋ nɛ mundoɖe pɔʊ nɛ ɛcɔŋna ɛ-tɩ habɩyɛ yɔɔ ɛɖɔŋ ɖɔm».


text:
Neil Armstrong
Neil Alden Armstrong kɛna Amerika taa ñɩnɩyʊ weyi ɛcɛla ɛ-tɩ kɛ heɣlɩm taa pɔɔ wena awɛɛ yɔ a-tɩlʊ siŋŋŋ yɔ. Palʊla-ɩ kɩyna fenaɣ kɩyakʊ kagbanzɩ pɩnaɣ 1930 kɛ Ohiyo tɛtʊ taa, Etazunii ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ ɛsɩ feznaɣ kʊɖʊmaɣ ŋga ka-taa kɩyakʊ 25 pɩnaɣ 2012 ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 82. Ɛkɛ ɛsɔtaa lɔɔɖɩyɛ sayʊ nɛ wɩlɩyʊ. Ɛkɛna weyi ɛfɛyɩ e-niŋgbaŋgaɣ kɛ kacalaɣ taa kɛ fenaɣ taa yɔɔ yɔ. Ɛkpaʊ ɛsɔtaa fenaɣ taa yɔ pɩɩkɛ hasɩyaɖe fenaɣ 19 wiye pɩɩnaɣ 1969.
Ɛyɔɔdɩ tɔmpiye naɖɩyɛ nɛ ɖɩpɩsɩ tɔmpiye sɔsɔyɛ, ɖɩɖɩ lɛ se: « Pɩkɛna ɛyʊ naŋgbaŋgaɣ cikpelaɣ ñɩɩɩ kɛ yem ɛlɛ pɩkɛna keteŋa kpeekpe ɛsɩnda wobu tʊmɩyɛ ». Ɛlaba pɩnzɩ naatozo kɛ sukuli sɔsɔʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ se Purdu nɛ ɛmmʊ pɛtɛ ɖamɩŋ naatozo takayaɣ ɛlɛ ɛtapɩzɩ ɛɖɛɛ nɛ ɛsɩnda mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ ɛɛsʊ sɔɔjɛtʊ taa kɛ Etazunii. Peeɖe pahayɩsa-ɩ ɛsʊtaa lɔɔɖa saʊ, pɩkɩlɩna wena asʊʊ mɩndʊ tɛɛ nɛ aɖɛʊna heɣlim taa tomnasi nzɩ sɩwɛɛ yɔ sɩ-taa. Ɛsawaɣ ɛsɔtaa lɔɔɖa camɩyɛ nɛ ɛkpakʊʊ sɔɔjana nɛ ɛɖɛɣna yoŋ pɩkɩlɩna you ŋgʊ kɩɩwɛ Koore ɛjaɖɛ taa yɔ.
Ɛ-nʊmɔŋ wobu talɩ ɛzɩ 18 yɔ nɛ putocoɖi-ɩ ɖoli. Pɩnaɣ 1955 taa ɛsʊ NACA ŋgbɛyɛ taa, nɖi payawaɣ se NASA yɔ. Pɩɩkɛ yoŋ tɛ alɩwaatʊ mbʊyɔ lɛ, ewolo nʊmɔŋ ɛzɩ 900 yɔ nɛ ewokina sɔɔjana kɛ malɩfana sɔsaɣa mba pɔyɔkɩɣ tɛtʊ yɔ. Pɩnaɣ 1966 kɛ Amstrong nɛ ɛ-taabala pakʊyɩ tɛtʊ yɔɔ nɛ pɛɖɛɣna feznaɣ taa. Pakpaɣ heɣlim taa lɔɔɖɩyɛ nɖɩ yɔ nɖɩ payaɣ se Appollo 11 nɛ hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ 1969 lɛ patalɩ fenaɣ ta kiya kɛlɛ.


text:
Niwu Hamsirii
Niwu Hamsirii kɛna Etaazunii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ cikpetʊ natʊyʊ. Nɛ Etazuunii ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ ajɛya cikpena naayɛ nɩɩnɩwa kpɛndɩna nɛ aɖʊ nɔɔ nɛ awɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ taa kpayɩ.
Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩcɔ ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ nɛ tɩta yɔ ndʊ yɔ: Wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ Meeni nɛ Atlantikii Lɩŋamʋʋ, wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa kiŋ lɛ Fɛɛrmɔɔn, hadɛ kiŋ lɛ Masacusɛtsi nɛ hayʊ kiŋ lɛ Keebɛkii.
Pamaza Niwu Hamsirii ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ taa lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ ɛzɩ 24 239 km2 nɛ ɖenɖe tɛtʊ ñabɩ wɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 23 415 km2 yɔ nɛ ɖenɖe lɩm ñɛwɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe ñɛwɛʊ ɛzɩ 824 km2 yɔ pʊtɔbʊʊ se pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 3,4 yɔ kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ. Ɛjaɖ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩkɛŋna 45 ñɩnɖɛ ɛyaa ɖɔʊ taa kɛ Etazuunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ kpeekpe taa.
Niwu Hamsirii taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Concord nɛ tɩ-taa ɖɔɖɔ kɛ ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ nɛ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ yɔ ndʊ lɛ Maazɛstɛɛrɩ.
Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɖɩ kɛŋna ɛjaɖɛ nakʊ ñɩnɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩsʊ Etaazunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊɣ ŋgbɛyɛ taa yɔ. Ɛlɛ pɩɩkɛ mɩsɩkʊm fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 21 ŋgʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 1788. Pɩnaɣ 2010 taa paakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ paana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 1 316 470 yɔ.
Payaɣ Niwu Hamsirii ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-ñʊʊdʊ fɛyɩ nɛ weyi ɛcaɣ e-ɖeɖe yɔ se Chuck Morse (R) piyele nɛ komina ñʊndinaa kɔyɔ: Maggie Hassan (D) nɛ Jeanne Shaheen (D).
Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, ŋgʊ lɛ yɔ aŋgilisi.


text:
Lawɔsɩ
Lawɔsɩ kɛna Azii ilemiye taa ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ ɖɩwɛna ilemiye nɖɩ nɛ ɖɩ-wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩye taa nɛ hadɛ kiŋ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ pɔɔ, kujomuu, teŋgu yaa lɩŋgamʊʊ nakʊyʊ tɔcɔɔ-ɖɩ nɛ pɩta. Lawɔsɩ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɛ ajɛya wena asɩ ɖama nɛ kamaɣyɔ a-taa kɔyɔ: Tayɩlandɩ, Kambɔjɩ, Fɩyɛtɩnam nɛ Siini ɛjaɖɛ.
Pamaza Lawɔsɩ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ 236 800 km2 nɛ ɖenɖe lɩm wɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe talɩɣ ɛzɩ 2 yɔ kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ. Ɖooo pɩnaɣ 2015 taa pakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ pana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 6 492 400 yɔ; pʊtɔbʊʊ se papɩzɩɣ pana ɛyaa ɛzɩ yɔ 27,42 yɔ kɛ km2 taa. Hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ 19 pɩnaɣ 1949 kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩmʊ ɖɩ-tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊ ɛlɛ agoza fenaɣ 1990 kɛ ɖɩwɛ ɖɩ-tɩ yɔɔ siŋŋŋ. Payaɣ Lawɔsɩ ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊdʊ kɩfalʊ se Bounnhang Vorachith nɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina ñʊʊdʊ kɩfalʊ payaɣ se Thongloun Sisoulith.
Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, ŋgʊ lɛ lawɔsɩyɛɛ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Fiyantiyan. Yee ɛyʊ ɛsɔɔlaa se ɛyaa nɔɔyʊ kɛ kaŋgalafu yɔɔ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa kɔyɔ, pɩkɛna-ɩ kɩjɛyʊʊ se ɛma +856 ɛ-tɛ kaŋgalafu kpata yɔɔ pʊcɔ ŋɛ ɛɛma pɩtɛ ɛyʊʊ kaŋgalafu nimaɣ mayaɣ. Liidiye nɖɩ pɔtɔkjɩ-ɖɩ peeɖe yɔ payaɣ-ɖɩ se kipi.


text:
Napoléon Bonaparte
Palʊla Napoléon Bonaparte kɩyɛɛna fenaɣ kɩyakʊ hiu nɛ kagbaanzɩ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1769 taa. Palʊla-ɩ Kɔrɩsɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa Ajaccio tɛtʊ taa. Ɛsɩba agoza fenaɣ kɩyakʊ kagbaanzɩ ñɩŋgʊ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1821 taa. Ɛsɩba lɩm hɛkʊ taa tɛtʊ ndʊ payaɣ se Sainte-Hélène yɔ.
Napoléon kajalaɣ tʊ kɛŋna Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊdʊ. Ɛtɔɔ kewiyaɣ kpaɣ agoza fenaɣ kɩyakʊ hiu nɛ lutozo (18) pɩnaɣ 1804 nɛ puwolo pɩsɩɩnɩ ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ loɖo (6) wiye, pɩnaɣ 1814 taa. Ɛtasɩ tɔɣʊ kewiyaɣ kpaɣ lakɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ nɛɛlɛ (20) wiye pɩnaɣ 1815 nɛ puwolo pɩsɩɩnɩ mɩsɩkʊm fenaɣ kɩyakʊ nɛɛlɛ nɛ naalɛ (22) wiye ñɩŋgʊ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1815 kʊɖʊmaɣ ŋga ka-taa.
Napoléon Bonaparte kɛ pɩɣa naalɛ ñɩŋga pa-caa lʊlʊʊ taa. Payaɣ ɛ-caa se Charles Bonaparte nɛ e-ɖoo hɩɖɛ lɛ Létitia Ramolino. Napoléon kɛ sɔɔja sɔsɔ Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ sɔɔjanaa hɛkʊ taa. Pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se paha-ɩ sɔɔjatʊ taa nimiye sɔsɔyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩkɩlɩ lɛɛna payɩ yɔ. Ɛnʊ ɖiyaɣna Itaalii ɛjaɖɛ sɔɔjanaa. Pʊwayɩ lɛ eɖiyi wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa ajɛya sɔɔjanaa. Ɛmʊ kpelaɣ nɛ sɔɔjatʊ ɖoŋ pɩnaɣ 1799 taa. Pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se etisi weyi ɛɛwɛ kpelaɣ yɔɔ yɔ nɛ malɩfɔnaa tɔʊ. Ɛcaɣ kpelaɣ yɔɔ pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩ kɩyɛɛna fenaɣ kɩyakʊ naalɛ ñɩŋgʊ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1802 taa. Ɛkɛ Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ kpeekpe wiyaʊ pɩnaɣ 1804 taa. Pʊwayɩ lɛ pakpa-ɩ wiyaʊ sɔsɔ Paarii tɛtʊ taa Ɛsɔ kpaaŋ sɔsɔʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ se « Notre-Dame » yɔ kɔ-yɔɔ. Pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se ɛnʊ cɔŋnana Kpaaŋ sɔsɔʊ ŋgʊ kʊ-yɔɔ.
Napoléon lʊba se ɛmɩzɩ ɛtɛlɛmwaa mba pakʊyaɣ Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ yɔɔ yɔ. Krandɩ-Pretaañɩ hɛyaɣna ɛtɛlɛmwaa mba nɛ papa kʊyʊʊ Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ komina yɔɔ. Kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 1792 taa Eerɔpʊ tɛtʊ taa ɛtɛlɛmwaa paɣzɩ kʊyʊʊ Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ komina yɔɔ. Ɛ-ɛjaɖɛ yɔɔ kʊyʊʊ mbʊ pʊ-yɔɔ Napoléon ɖiya Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ sɔɔjanaa mba pɛwɛ Itaalii ɛjaɖɛ taa yɔ nɛ ewona-wɛ Niili pɔɔ hɔɔlʊʊ taa. Nɛ eɖiyi Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ sɔɔjanaa mba papa ñɛwɛ Otirisi ɛjaɖɛ taa yɔ nɛ ɛkpɛndɩ papa nɛ Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ sɔɔjanaa mba papa ñɛwɛ Prusi nɛ Pɔlɔɔñɩ pa-ajɛya taa yɔ. Napoléon kajalaɣ tʊ lʊba nɛ ɛwa Arcole nɛ Rivoli nɛ Pyramides nɛ Marengo nɛ Austerlitz nɛ Iéna nɛ Friedland pɛ-tɛtʊ ndɩ ndɩ taa. Ɛ-wabɩtʊ ndʊ tiyebina nɛ ɛtɛlɛmwaa yaa mba pakʊyaɣaɣ Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ yɔɔ yɔ, pamɩzɩ ɖama. Mbʊ yebina ɖɔɖɔ nɛ Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ hiɣ laŋhɛzɩyɛ nɛ pɩtasɩ haʊ ɖɩ-ñʊʊdʊ Napoléon kajalaɣ tʊ ɖoŋ sɔsɔŋ siŋŋ pɩnaɣ 1807 taa. Kpaɣna alɩwaatʊ ndʊ laŋhɛzɩyɛ sʊ Tilsit ɛjaɖɛ taa Eerɔpʊ tɛtʊ taa nɛ pɩkɔɔ pɩsɩɩna pɩnaɣ 1807 ñɩŋga taa yɔ, Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ tehiɣda laŋhɛzɩyɛ nɖɩ.
Kpaɣna pɩnaɣ ŋga lɛ, Napoléon kajalaɣ tʊ ñɔɔzɩ nɛ ɛlɛɣzɩ Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ komina paɣtʊ. Elaba nɛ Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ tasɩ walasʊʊ. Ɖɩwɛna hɔɔlɩŋ 134 pɩnaɣ 1812 ñɩŋga taa. Eyeba nɛ Room nɛ Hambourg nɛ Barcelone nɛ Amsterdsam pɛ-tɛtʊ ndɩ ndɩ ndʊ tɩpɩsɩ Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ sɔsɔtʊ. Napoléon kajalaɣ tʊ kɛ ɖɔɖɔ Itaalii ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊdʊ kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 1802 nɛ puwolo pɩtalɩ pɩnaɣ 1805 taa. Pʊwayɩ lɛ ɛkɛ Itaalii ɛjaɖɛ wiyaʊ sɔsɔ kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 1805 nɛ puwolo pɩsɩɩna pɩnaɣ 1814 taa. Ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ Suwisi ageeta ndɩ ndɩ loluyu kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 1803 nɛ puwolo pɩsɩɩna pɩnaɣ 1813 ñɩŋga taa. Ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ Rhin ageeta ndɩ ndɩ yɔɔ kandɩyʊ kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 1806 nɛ puwolo pɩsɩɩna pɩnaɣ 1813 ñɩŋga taa. Napoléon kajalaɣ tʊ wabɩtʊ ndɩ ndɩ ha-ɩ waɖɛ nɛ ɛwalasɩ Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ. Pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se eɖiyaɣ Erɔpʊ tɛtʊ hɔɔlʊʊ sɔsɔʊ mpilim. Ɛsɩ ɛ-hɔʊ taa ñɩma Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ ageeta ndɩ ndɩ ñʊŋ yɔɔ : Joseph cɔŋaɣna Naples tɛtʊ nɛ Ɛsɩpaañɩ ñɩndʊ pɔ-yɔɔ. Louis ñɔcɔŋnana Olandɩ tɛtʊ yɔɔ. Jérôme ñɔcɔna Westphalie tɛtʊ yɔɔ nɛ piyele ɛ-halʊ neu, Joachim Murat ñɔcɔna Naples tɛtʊ yɔɔ. Napoléon kajalaɣ tʊ kpacayaɣna ajɛya wena ɛ nɛ-yɛ palaba you nɛ ɛwa-yɛ yɔ. Ajɛya ana a-taa kɔyɔ Prusi nɛ Otirisi.
Napoléon kajalaɣ tʊ sɔɔjatʊ lɛɣtʊ nɛ tɩtɩlʊ pɔ-yɔɔ ɛ-hɩɖɛ sɛ kedeŋa kpeekpe. Ɛwaba yoŋ sakɩyɛ taa.


text:
Eswatini
Eswatini kɛna Afrika nɛ hɛkʊ nɛ hɛna kʊ taa ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩwɛ Afrika Hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ nɛ Mozambiki ayajɛ hɛkʊ taa. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩwɛ ajɛya wena atatɩɩwalɩɣ yɔ a-taa. Kpaɣna hayi pɩkɔɔ pɩsɩna hadɛ payɩ mbʊ yɔ pɩdɛɖɛɛ kilomɛtanaa 200 nɛ pɩkpaɣna wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ nɛ piholo pɩsɩɩna xɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ mbʊ yɔ pɩwɛɛ ɛzɩ kilomɛtanaa 130 mbʊ yɔ. Hɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa kɛ pʊŋ maɣza wɛʊ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa mbʊ yɔ, pɩmaɣza wɛʊ landammm.
Lʊŋɩyɛ taa wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ hɔɔlʊʊ taa nikaɣ wɛɛ piyele nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ hɔɔlʊʊ taa kpem lɛ pɩfɛyɩ yɔɔdɩɣ, soŋgaɣ wɛɛ sɩŋŋŋ nɛ wisɩ hohowu pɩzɩɣ pɩtalɩ ɛzɩ 400C yɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa yolim taa tɛʊ tɔŋ se kɩnɩɣ lɛ kɩnɩʊ sɩŋŋŋ nɛ pɩpɩzɩɣ pʊsʊʊ tɛtʊ nɛ pɩtalɩ ɛzɩ mɛtanaa naalɛ mbʊ yɔ. Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ Suwazilandɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa yɔ ŋgʊ lɛ Sisuwazi nɛ Aŋgilisi kɛlɛ naalɛ ŋgʊ.
Suwazilandɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa ɛyaa kpɛdɩ kutokiŋ 95 nɛ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Mbabanɩ. Ɖooo lɛ Piritaniki ɛjaɖɛ kakpacayaɣ nɛ Suwazilandɩ nɛ salaŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ looɖo pɩnaɣ 1968 lɛ, ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩmʊ ɖɩ-tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊ. Peeɖɛ awiya kandɩɣna ɛjaɖɛ yɔɔ nɛ payaɣ ɖɩ-wiyao se Mswati III.


text:
ÑƲƲ 91
Yesu fezi Lazaarɩ
LAZAARƖ FEMTU
SAHEDRƐƐ TAA ÑƖMA WƐƐ PƐKPƐYƖƔ SE PAKƲ YESU
Maarta nɛ Maarɩɩ patalɩ Yesu cɔlɔ lɛ, pa nɛ ɩ powolo Lazaarɩ pɩlaʋ yɔɔ. Pɩɩkɛ kaaʋ sɔsɔʋ ŋgʋ kɩ-taa pahʋyɩ pɔʋ nɛ pakpaɣ pɩyɛ sɔsɔɖɛ nɛ paɖɩɣ kɩ-nɔɔ yɔ. Patalaa lɛ, Yesu yɔɔdɩ se: “Ikuli pusulaɣ.” Maarta taatɩlɩ mbʋ Yesu caɣ labʋ yɔ, pʋyɔɔ ɛyɔɔdaa se: “Kɩbaɣlʋ, ɛlɩɣ sɔŋ, mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ wɛɛ naanza yɔ pepimi-i yɔ.” Ɛlɛ Yesu heyi-i se: “Mentiheyi-ŋ se ye ŋtisiɣ kɔyɔ ŋkaɣ naʋ Ɛsɔ ɖoŋ na?”—Yohanɛɛsɩ 11:39, 40.
Ɛyɔɔdɩ mbʋ lɛ, pokuli pɩyɛ sɔsɔɖɛ nɖɩ paasuluni pɩlaʋ nɔɔ yɔ. Yesu kʋsɩ ɛ-ɛza nɛ ɛsɔdaa nɛ ɛtɩmɩ se: “Kɩbaɣlʋ, mɛnsɛ-ŋ, se ŋmʋ ma-adɩma, manawa se ŋmʋʋ ma-adɩma tam; mɔyɔɔdʋʋ mbʋ samaɣ ŋga kɔcɔ-m kata yɔ kɔ-yɔɔ se: Ketisi se ŋtiyi-m.” Yesu adɩma anɛ awɩlɩ mba paawɛ peeɖe yɔ se Ɛsɔ ɖoŋ taa ɛlakɩ mbʋ ɛcaɣ labʋ yɔ. Nɛ Yesu holi nɛ ɛyɔɔdɩ se: “Lazaarɩ, lɩɩ awayɩ.” Peeɖe lɛ, Lazaarɩ lɩɩ, pɔhɔkɩ-ɩ nɛ pɩkpɛndɩnɩ ɛ-nɩŋgbanzɩ nɛ ɛ-ɛza, ɛzɩ pɔhɔkʋʋ sɩɖʋ yɔ. Yesu heyi-wɛ se: “Iheɖi-i nɛ iyebi-i nɛ ewolo.”—Yohanɛɛsɩ 11:41-44.
Yuda ñɩma sakɩyɛ mba paawoba se pɛhɛzɩ Maarta nɛ Maarɩɩ pa-laŋa yɔ, pana piti ŋgʋ Yesu laba yɔ lɛ, papaɣzɩ ɛ-yɔɔ tisuu. Pa-taa nabɛyɛ ɖɛɛ nɛ peheyi Farɩsɩ ñɩma mbʋ Yesu laba yɔ. Farɩsɩ ñɩma nɛ cɔjɔnaa taa sɔsaa mba paakɛ Yuda ñɩma kʋjɔŋ sɔsɔŋ ŋgʋ payaɣ se Sahedrɛɛ yɔ, kɩ-taa ñɩma yɔ, panɩ mbʋ lɛ, pekpeɣli ɖama. Cɔjɔ sɔsɔ weyi payaɣ se Kayifu yɔ, ɛɛwɛ pa-taa. Pa-taa nabɛyɛ ɩɩnaɣ se pala ɛzɩma nɛ pɔpɔzʋʋ pa-tɩ se: “Ðɩlakɩ we? Ɛyʋ ɛnʋ yɔ ɛwɩlɩɣ kawɩlɩsɩ sakɩyɛ. Ye ɖiyebi-i kɔyɔ, ɛyaa kpeekpe tisiɣ ɛ-yɔɔ, nɛ Roma mba kɔŋ nɛ pɔyɔkɩ Ðeɖe [yaa Lone] Kiɖeɖee nɛ ɖɛ-ɛjaɖɛ.” (Yohanɛɛsɩ 11:47, 48) Mba paana Yesu “kawɩlɩsɩ sakɩyɛ” yaa piti lakasɩ sakɩyɛ nɛ pɛ-ɛza yɔ, pɔkɔm nɛ peheyi Farɩsɩ ñɩma nɛ cɔjɔnaa sɩ-tɔm lɛ, pa-taa tɩla leleŋ nɛ mbʋ Ɛsɔ tɩŋɩɣnɩ Yesu yɔɔ nɛ ɛlakɩ yɔ. Palʋkɩ kpem se pataalesi ñamtʋ nɛ lone sɔsɔɖɛ nɖɩ pɛwɛnɩ samaɣ taa yɔ.
Lazaarɩ femtu tʋnɛ titisi Saduki ñɩma toma taa yɔɔɔ, mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ pataatisiɣ sɩɖaa femtu yɔɔ. Pʋyɔɔ Kayifu weyi ɛɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ Saduki tʋ yɔ, ɛyɔɔdaa se: “Ɩɩnaɣ se pɩkɩlɩ ɖeu se ɛyʋ kʋyʋm ɛsɩ samaɣ yɔɔ nɛ tɛtʋ ɛtaayɔkɩ ti-kpeekpe.”—Yohanɛɛsɩ 11:49, 50; Tʋma Labʋ 5:17; 23:8.
Kayifu kaakɛ cɔjɔ sɔsɔ, pʋyɔɔ Ɛsɔ ɖiyi-i nɛ ɛyɔɔdɩ tɔm ndʋ, “pɩtɩkɛ ɛ-maɣmaɣ ɛyɔɔdɩnɩ mbʋ.” Kayifu kaasɔɔlaa se pakʋ Yesu nɛ ɛtaakɔɔ ɛla nɛ samaɣ ɛɛtasɩɣ ñam Yuda Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ ñʋndɩnaa. Ɛlɛ natʋ tɔm ndʋ ɛyɔɔdaa yɔ, tɩñɩkɩɣ niye kɩlaʋ sɩm mbʋ Yesu kaɣ sɩbʋ se ɛya Yuda ñɩma ñʋʋ nɛ halɩ pɩkpɛndɩnɩ “Ɛsɔ piya nzɩ sɩmɩzɩ ɖama yɔ si-kpeekpe” yɔ, pɩ-yɔɔ.—Yohanɛɛsɩ 11:51, 52.
Kayifu ɛnʋ e-ɖoŋ taa lɛ, Sahedrɛɛ kɔm nɛ kɩla nɔɔ se kɩkʋ Yesu. Ɛzɩ Yesu taabalʋ Niikodɛm weyi ɛɛwɛ Sahedrɛɛ taa yɔ, ɛnʋ eheyini Yesu se peɖiɣni kpɛyʋʋ se pakʋ-ɩ? Paa pɩtɩɩkɛ suwe yɔ, Yesu lɩ kpaagbaa Yerusalɛm tɛtʋ taa se pataakɔɔ nɛ pakʋ-ɩ nɛ Ɛsɔ alɩwaatʋ maɣmaɣ tɩtalɩta.


text:
2021: Janv Févr Mars Avr Mai Juin Juil Août Sept Oct Nov Déc
2020: Janv Févr Mars Avr Mai Juin Juil Août Sept Oct Nov Déc
2019: Janv Févr Mars Avr Mai Juin Juil Août Sept Oct Nov Déc
2018: Janv Févr Mars Avr Mai Juin Juil Août Sept Oct Nov Déc
2017: Janv Févr Mars Avr Mai Juin Juil Août Sept Oct Nov Déc
2016: Janv Févr Mars Avr Mai Juin Juil Août Sept Oct Nov Déc
2015: Janv Févr Mars Avr Mai Juin Juil Août Sept Oct Nov Déc
2014: Janv Févr Mars Avr Mai Juin Juil Août Sept Oct Nov Déc
2013: Janv Févr Mars Avr Mai Juin Juil Août Sept Oct Nov Déc
2012: Janv Févr Mars Avr Mai Juin Juil Août Sept Oct Nov Déc
2011: Janv Févr Mars Avr Mai Juin Juil Août Sept Oct Nov Déc
2010: Janv Févr Mars Avr Mai Juin Juil Août Sept Oct Nov Déc


text:
Kewiyaɣ Kɩkpɛndaɣ
Kewiyaɣ Kɩkpɛndaɣ wɛ Eerɔpʋ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ hɔɔlʊʊ taa nɛ nabɛyɛ tɔŋ se ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩwɛ Eerɔpʋ nɛ hayi kiŋ. Krandɩ-Piretañɩ, Irɩlandɩ nɛ tɛtʊ ñabɩ ñabɩ ndʊ lɩm cɔ-tʊ nɛ pɩta yɔ pɩkpɛndɩna nɛ pala ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ. Kewiyaɣ Kɩkpɛndaɣ nɛ Irilandɩ paka kamaɣ kʊɖʊmaɣ nɛ Atlantique teŋgu nɛ hayi kiŋ lɩŋgamʊʊ wɛna wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa. Hadɛ kiŋ lɛ Mansɩ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa lɛ, Irilandɩ teŋuu.
Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ taa makɩɣna 246 610 km2. Mbʊ labɩna nɛ pɔtɔŋ se nɖɩ lɛ ɛjaɖɛ 80 ñɩnɖɛ keteŋa kpeekpe taa walanzɩ taa nɛ pɩkɛ Eerɔpʋ taa kɔyɔ nɖɩ lɛ 11 ñɩnɖɛ. Kewiyaɣ Kɩkpɛndaɣ taa ɛyaa kpɛndɩ miliyɔɔnaa 65 nɛ nɖɩ lɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩkɛ 22 ñɩnɖɛ keteŋga kpeekpe ɛjaya taa ɛyaa ɖɔʊ taa.
Ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ yɔ Lɔndrɩ. Ɛsɩndaa wobu nɛ tɔsʊʊ hʊʊ taa lɛ, Kewiyaɣ Kɩkpɛndaɣ kɛlɛ kacalaɣ ɛjaɖɛ kɛ keteŋa kpeekpe taa.
Kewiyaɣ kɩkpɛndaɣ taa ajɛya kpɛnda naanza: Aŋgiletɛɛrɩ, Ekɔsɩ, Gaalɩ Ɛjaɖɛ nɛ Irilandɩ hayʊ kiŋ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩñɔ pɩnaɣ 1707 aliwaatʊ ndʊ Aŋgilitɛɛrɩ nɛ Ekɔsɩ pɛkpɛndaa yɔ.
Pɩkɔma pɩnaɣ 1801 Irilandɩ sɔzɩ ajɛya anɛ a-yɔɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩwɛ Eerɔpʋ ajɛya kɩkpɛndɩɣ ŋgbɛyɛ taa, Ajɛya wena ayɔɔɖɩɣ Englɩsɩɩ kʊnʊŋ yɔ a-ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se Commonwealth of Nations yɔ ɖɩ-taa ɖɔɖɔ, ɖɩwɛ Eerɔpʋ Lɔŋ-tasɩyaa ŋgbɛyɛ taa ɖɔɖɔ, G8 taa, G20 taa, OTAN ŋgbɛyɛ nɛ OCDE, OMC pa-taa nɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩwɛ ONU taa ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1946.


text:
Kalɩfɔrnii
Kalɩfɔrnii kɛna Etaazunii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ natʊyʊ. Nɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ ajɛya cikpena naayɛ nɩɩnɩwa kpɛndɩna nɛ aɖʊ nɔɔ nɛ awɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ taa kpaɩ. Etaazunii tɔbʊʊ nɛ kabɩyɛ taa se ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ.
Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩcɔ ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ nɛ tɩta yɔ ndʊ yɔ: Wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ, Etaazunii pɔɔ sɔsɔɣa nakayɛ, hadɛ kiŋ lɛ Sonora kañɩmbʊsaɣ piyele nɛ hayʊ kiŋ lɛ pʊŋ weyi payaɣ-ɩ se Klaamaatɩ yɔ ɛwɛna.
Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Los Angeles nɛ ndʊ tɩkɩlɩna walanzɩ nɛ tɩ-taa ɖɔɖɔ ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ. Peeɖe pʊŋ kʊkʊyɩmɩŋ taa maɣna ɛzɩ mɛtanaa 884 pʊtɔbʊʊ se pamaaza sɔsɔʊ lɛ pɩkpɛnda mɛtanaa 4 421nɛ cikpeluu lɛ kʊ-kʊ tɛ kʊkʊyɩmɩŋ ñamaɣna mɛtanaa 86. Pʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩkɩla kʊyʊʊ yɔ ŋgʊ lɛ Wiitnee.
Pamaza Kalɩfɔrnii ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ taa lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ 423 970 km2 nɛ ɖenɖe lɩm wɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe takɩlɩ ɖɔʊ nɛ pɩmakʊɣna ɛzɩ 20 037 km2 yɔ pʊtɔbʊʊ se pɩmakɩɣna ɛzɩ 4,7 yɔ kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ. Pɩnaɣ 2017 taa pakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ pana ɛyaa ɛzɩ miliyɔɔnaa 39 536 653 yɔ.
Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa yee pakalɩɣ ɛyaa km2 taa kɔyɔ, panaɣ-wɛ ɛzɩ 93 yɔ. Payaɣ Kaliifɔɔrnii ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-ñʊʊdʊ se: Jerry Brown (D) nɛ ɛ-tɛ komina yɔɔ cɔnayʊ se Dianne Feinstein (D) Kamala Harris (D).
Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, ŋgʊʊ lɛ aŋgilisi.
Kalɩfɔrnɩɩ nɛ hayɩ kiŋÑɔɔzɩ
Kalɩfɔrnii nɛ hayɩ kiŋ tɩcɔ ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ nɛ tɩta yɔ ndʊ yɔ: Hayʊ kiŋ lɛ, pʊŋ nɩyɛ wɛɛ nɛ Pasifikii kujomuu hɔɔlʊʊ taa nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ Siyeraa Nevaadaa wɛna nɛ peeɖe lɛ ɖɔm pee naayɛ wɛna kamaɣ fɛyɩ. Siŋŋŋ taa lɛ payaɣaʊ se Kalɩfɔrnii nɛ hayʊ kiŋ yɔ, pañɩnʊʊ paɖʊ tʊkaɣ tɛtʊ cikpetu ndʊ payaɣ-tʊ se Kalfɔɔnii yɔ nɛ lɛɛtʊ ndʊ payaɣ tʊ se Kalfɔɔrnii nɛ hadɛ kiŋ yɔ a-hɛkʊ taa.
Kalɩfɔrnii nɛ hayʊ kiŋ kɛna Etaazunii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ cikpetʊ natʊyʊ. Nɛ Etazuunii ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ ajɛya cikpena naayɛ nɩɩnɩwa kpɛndɩna nɛ aɖʊ nɔɔ nɛ awɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ taa kpaɩ. Etaazunii tɔbʊʊ nɛ kabɩyɛ taa se ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ.
Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩcɔ ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ nɛ tɩta yɔ ndʊ yɔ: Hayʊ kiŋ lɛ, pʊŋ nɩyɛ wɛɛ nɛ Pasifiki Lɩŋamʋʋ hɔɔlʊʊ taa nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ Siyeraa Nevaadaa wɛna nɛ peeɖe lɛ ɖɔm pee naayɛ wɛna kamaɣ fɛyɩ.
Siŋŋŋ taa lɛ payaɣaʊ se Kalɩfɔrnii nɛ hayʊ kiŋ yɔ, pañɩnʊʊ paɖʊ tʊkaɣ tɛtʊ cikpetu ndʊ payaɣ-tʊ se Kalɩfɔrnii yɔ nɛ lɛɛtʊ ndʊ payaɣ tʊ se Kalɩfɔrnii nɛ hadɛ kiŋ yɔ a-hɛkʊ taa.
Kalɩfɔrnii nɛ hadɛ kiŋÑɔɔzɩ
Kalɩfɔrnii nɛ hadɛ kiŋ tɩcɔ ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ nɛ tɩta yɔ ndʊ yɔ: Wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ Mojavii nɛ Sonora kañɩmbusasɩ, wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa kiŋ lɛ Pasifiki kujomuu, hadɛ kiŋ lɛ Etaazunii nɛ Mɛkɩzikii, piyele nɛ hayʊ kiŋ lɛ Tehajapii pʊŋ nɛ ɛlɛ ñɛwɛna Los Angelese nɛ kilomɛtanaa ɛzɩ 110 yɔ.
Kalɩfɔrnii nɛ hadɛ kiŋ kɛna ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩwɛna Kalfɔrnii tɛtʊ ndʊ wɛna nɛ hadɛ kiŋ yɔ. Ɖeɖe nɛ sɔnɔ mbʊ yɔ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ natɔyʊ wɛɛ tɩpaɣlʊ peeɖe nɛ tɩpaɣlʊ nɛ tɩ-taa kɔyɔ Foniksii, Las Vegasii, Tijuwaana.
Kalɩfɔrnii nɛ hadɛ kiŋ kɛna Etaazunii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ cikpetʊ natʊyʊ. Nɛ Etazuunii ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ ajɛya cikpena naayɛ nɩɩnɩwa kpɛndɩna nɛ aɖʊ nɔɔ nɛ awɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ taa kpaɩ. Etaazunii tɔbʊʊ nɛ kabɩyɛ taa se ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ. Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩcɔ ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ nɛ tɩta yɔ ndʊ yɔ: Wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ Mojavii nɛ Sonora kañɩmbusasɩ, wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa kiŋ lɛ Pasifiki kujomuu, hadɛ kiŋ lɛ Etaazuniinɛ mɛkɩzikii, piyele nɛ hayʊ kiŋ lɛ Tehajapii pʊŋ nɛ ɛlɛ ñɛwɛna Losɩ Anzelɛɛsɩ nɛ kilomɛtanaa ɛzɩ 110 yɔ. Kalɩfɔrnii nɛ hadɛ kiŋ kɛna ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩwɛna Kalfɔrnii tɛtʊ ndʊ wɛna nɛ hadɛ kiŋ yɔ. Ɖeɖe nɛ sɔnɔ mbʊ yɔ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ natɔyʊ wɛɛ tɩpaɣlʊ peeɖe nɛ tɩpaɣlʊ nɛ tɩ-taa kɔyɔ Foniksii, Las Vegasii, Tijuwaana.


text:
Kuubaa
Kuubaa ɛjaɖɛ kɛna tɛtʊ ñabɩ ndʊ lɩm cɔ-tʊ kpɛɛɛ nɛ pɩta yɔ nɛ tɩwɛ Karayiibi tɛtʊ taa. Kuuba wɛna tɛtʊ ndʊ payaɣ se Antiyi yɔ tɩ-hayʊ kɩŋ nɛ tɩñɔtɩna Karayibi, Mɛkɩsɩɩki lɩm cɔlɔnɛ Atɩlantiiki lɩm. Hadɛ kiŋ lɛ, pɩwɛna Etaaasuunii nɛ Bahamasɩ; wɩsɩ dɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ Mɛkɩsiikɩ ɛjaɖɛ. Wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa kpem lɛ tɛtʊ ñabɩ ndʊ lɩm cɔɔ nɛ pɩta nɛ payaɣ-tʊ se Tuuriki nɛ Kayiki yɔ piyele hzyʊ kɩŋkpataa lɛ, Kayɩmansɩ nɛ Camayiki.
Karayiibi taa lɛ, Kuubaa wɛna naalɛ ɖeɖe yee pɔcɔŋna ɛyaa ɖɔʊ taa kɔ yɔ. Peeɖe ɛya kpɛndɩ 11 241 161 nɛ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ hɩɖɛ kɔyɔ Haavanɩ. Kʊnʊ ŋgʊ pɔyɔɔdɩɣ yɔ lɛ ɛsɩpaañɔɔlɩ pɩsaɣ pe-liidiye kʊtɔɔyɛ lɛ kuuba peeso nɛ kuubaa peeso liidiye kʊyɔkɩyɛ.
Kuubaa tɛtʊ kɑakɛna tɛtʊ ndʊ Ɛspaañɔlɩ ɛjaɖɛ kakpacaɣ ɖooo pinzɩ1492 nɛ pɩkɔɔ pɩsɩɩna pɩnaɣ 1898 yɔ. Pʊwayɩ lɛ Etaazuuni pɩkɔɔ pɩsɩɩna agoza fenaɣnɛɛlɛ pɩnaɣ 1902. Carlos Manuel de Céspedes kaakɛna weyi ɛkɩla lubu nɛ Kuubaa pɩzɩ nɛ kɩhɛɛna kɩ-tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊ yɔ.


text:
Nabʊlɛ ɖeyi ɖeyi tɛyʊ pɩnaɣ
Nabʊlɛ ɖeyi ɖeyi tɛyʊ pɩnaɣ yaa pɩnaɣ sɔsɔ kɛŋna pɩnaɣ ŋga ka-taa avema kpɛnda 366 yɔ, mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ pɩnzɩ lɛɛsɩ ɛɛtalʊʊ mbʊ nɛ sɩsɩɣʊna avema 365. Pɩkɛna pɩnaɣ ŋga papɩsʊʊ payaa ɖɔɖɔ se nabʊlɛ kɩmaŋ tɛyʊ pɩnaɣ yaa looɖowaa naalɛ tɛyʊʊ pɩnaɣ yaa ɖɔɖɔ nodozowaa naalɛ pɩnaɣ. Pɩkɛna pɩnaɣ ŋga ka-taa lɛlaɣ fenaɣ wɛna kɩyakɩŋ nɛɛlɛ nɛ nakʊ yɔ. Mbʊ yɔ, lɛlaɣ fenaɣ ŋga avema nɛɛlɛ nɛ nakʊ kɩkɩla wɛnaʊ. Nabʊlɛ ɖeyi ɖeyi tɛyʊ pɩnaɣ kɔŋ paa pɩnzɩ naanza nzɩ wayɩ ɛlɛ nabʊyʊ taa pɩpɩzʊ pucɖi. Nabʊlɛ ɖeyi ɖeyi tɛyʊ pɩnzɩ taa kɔyɔ: 2016, 2020, 2024, 2028, 2032 mbʊ mbʊ.
Nabʊlɛ ɖeyi ɖeyi tɛyʊ pɩnaɣ tɛ tɩlʊʊ takɩlɩ kaɖɛ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ yee pɩnaɣ ɛwɛna avema 366 yɔ, pɩkɛna nabʊlɛ ɖeyi ɖeyi tɛyʊ pɩnaɣ yaa ɛyʊ ɛɛsɩŋ se pɩnaɣ tɛŋna avema 366 yaa 365 lɛ, ɛkpaɣ pɩnaɣ nɛ ɛtɛyɩ-kɛ tɔm naanza taa nɛ yaa tɔm 400 taa nɛ pɩcaɣ ɖeyi ɖeyi lɛ, pɩkɛna nabʊlɛ ɖeyi ɖeyi tɛyʊ pɩnaɣ. Mbʊ yebina pɩnaɣ 2008 tɛkɛ nabʊlɛ ɖeyi ɖeyi tɛyʊ pɩnaɣ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ pɛtɛyɩ 2008 kɛ tɔm 400, pɩɩtɔlʊʊ ɖeyi ɖeyi. Pɩnaɣ 2000 kɛna nabʊlɛ ɖeyi ɖeyi tɛyʊ pɩnaɣ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ papɩzʊ pɛtɛyɩ-kɛ tɔm naanza taa nɛ tɔm 400 taa ɖɔɖɔ.
Nabʊlɛ ɖeyi ɖeyi tɛyʊ pɩnaɣ kanɛ kɛwɛ ndɩ nɛ tɛsoŋgiye pɩnaɣ yaa soŋgaɣ pɩnaɣ. Pɩnaɣ ŋga kɛkɛna alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɛtʊ kpakʊʊ nɛ tʊcɔɔ tɩ-tɩ yɔɔ kpɛɛɛ kɛ wɩsɩ nɛ tɩta yɔ.


text:
Tʊ
Tʊ wɛ kekelikelasi nzɩ sɩwɛna keŋ nɛ naŋgbanzɩ pɩɖɛɛ naalɛ yɔɔ yɔ sɩ-taa. Tʊŋ wɛ ndɩ ndɩ nɛ ɛtalɩɣ tiwa ɛzɩ kutokiŋ nɛɛlɛ (20 000) yɔ tɛtʊ kpeekpe yɔɔ. Eerɔpʋ taa ɖeke tʊŋ talɩɣ kutokiŋnaalɛ (2 000) mbʊ yɔ.
Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa lɛ, tʊŋ talɩɣ tɩwa ɛzɩ kutoku (1000) yɔ. Erɔpɩ taa tiɣye nɖɩ ɖɩkɩla tɔyʊʊ yɔ nɖɩ payaɣ se Apisi Melifera nɛ tiɣye nɖɩ ɖɩwɛ tʊŋ weyi ɛwɛ Apisi tiɣye taa yɔ. Tʊŋ weyi ɛtɩŋga ɛwɛ Apisi tiɣye taa yɔ, ɛtɩŋga ɛɖʊʊ nʊm, nʊm mbʊ payaɣ se tʊŋ nʊm yaa tɩŋ nʊm. Paa nɛ mbʊ yɔ, pɩtɛkɛ tʊŋ tɩŋga ɖʊna tɩŋ nʊm.
Weyi ɛɛɖʊ tɩŋ nʊm yɔ ɛ-tɛ pɩlɩŋ kɩlɩna ɖɔʊ. Papɩzɩɣ pɛtɛyɩ tʊŋ kɛ pɩlɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ pɩlɩna ɛzɩma ɛwɛɛ yaa ɛɖɔŋ yɔ: ɖɩɣa tʊŋ wɛɛ, awayɩ tʊŋ wɛɛ, tʊŋ weyi ɛɖɔŋ eɖeke eɖeke yɔ, kɔɔlaɣ tʊŋ wɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ. Tʊŋ wɛ ndɩ nɛ tɛɛkpagbaŋ pɩlɩɩna ɛ-wɛɖɩʊ yɔɔ nɛ ɛ-ɖɔnɛ taa.
Tʊŋ kɛna kekelikelasi nzɩ sɩtɔkɩ ñɩtʊ yɔ nɛ tʊŋ kɛ kekelikelasi nzɩ sɩsɩŋna nɛ tɛŋ hɛtʊ lɛɛtʊ ñɔʊ ɖɔɖɔ yɔ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ ɩɩkpakɩɣ ñɩtʊ pee se ɩmaɣna ɩsɛŋgɛlɩtʊ lɛ, nayɩ tɔlɩɣ nɛ pɩñɔʊ. Tʊ yʊŋ nɛ ɛ-ɖaɣlakɩŋ lɩɣna ɛ-tiyee taa yaa e-liɖe taa. Ɛ-ɖaɣlakɩŋ pɩzɩɣ pɩtalɩ kpaɣ milimɛtawaa 9 nɛ 15 kɛ mbʊ yɔ nɛ e-yuŋ talɩɣ miligiraamwaa 60 nɛ 80 pɛhɛkʊ taa.


text:
Carl Gustav Jung
Carl Gustav Yung yɔɔdaɣ taa lɛ pɩlʊʊ se /ˈkarl ˈɡʊstaf ˈjʊŋ/ ɛkɛ ɛyʊ fitenum ɖɔkɔtɔ Suwisi ɛjaɖɛ taa, palʊla-ɩ hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ 26 pɩnaɣ 1875 Kesswil (Thurgovi kantɔŋ taa) nɛ ɛsɩ mɩsɩkʊm fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 6 pɩnaɣ 1961 taa kɛ Küsnacht (Zurich kaŋtɔŋ taa Suwisi ɛjaɖɛ taa.
Paasɩŋ keekee Carl Gustav Jung fezuu caɣʊ tɔm sakɩyɛ. Mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ ekiza se ɛɛmaɣ ɛ-maɣmaɣ ɛ-tɩ tɔm takayasɩ taa. Ɛyʊ weyi payaɣ se Aniéla Jaffé mana ɛ-yɔɔ tɔm, ɛnʊ pɩzɩna nɛ ɛñɩtɩna Jung nɛ ɛmʊ ɛ-yɔɔ tɔm takayasɩ nasɩyɛ kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 1957, ŋngʊ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 83.
Carl Gustav Jung palʊla-ɩ pɩnaɣ 1875 Kesswil, Suwisi ɛjaɖɛ taa, kɛ Caama cejewiye naɖɩyɛ liɖe taa kɛlɛ cɛjɛ hɔɔlʊʊ taa ɛ-caa kaakɛ Luther tɛ pasɩtɔr. Ɖoyo hɔɔlʊʊ taa lɛ, Jung lɩna ɖɔkɔtɔ naa sakɩyɛ tɛ. Ɛ-takayaɣ ŋga ɛya-kɛ hɩɖɛ se Me-fezuu yɔ ka-taa ɛlɩzɩ tɔbʊʊ nɛ ɛwɩlɩ ɛzɩma ɛsɔɔlɩ Ɛsɔ Tɔm kpem nɛ ɖɔkɔtɔ tʊmɩyɛ yɔ.
E-ɖoo Emilie, palʊla-ɩ Preiswerk ɛ-tɛ nɛ Nürtingen kiŋ nɛ ɛ-tɛ lʊlʊʊ taa pɛkpɛndɩ ɛyaa hiu nɛ naalɛ. Pɩkɔma lɛlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 14 pɩnaɣ 1903, ɛkpaɣ halʊ Emma Rauschenbacch, ɛ nɛ-ɩ palʊlɩ piyaa kagbanzɩ. Emma tɛ mba lukaɣna waacɩ naa nɛ paawɛ ñɩm kpem nɛ pɛwɛɛ Schaffhouse kaŋtɔŋ taa.


text:
Buudiyism
"Buudiyism" kɛ Ɛɛndɩ ɛjaɖɛ kewiyaɣ ŋgbɛyɛ. Siddhartha Gautama wɩlaɣ tɔm ndʋ yɔ, tɩ-yɔɔ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩn̄ɔɔ.
Pɩnaɣ 2005 taa lɛ, ɛyaa miiliyɔɔ waa 250 nɛ powolo 500 kɛwɛna "Buudiyism" ŋgbɛyɛ taa kedeŋa kpeekpe yɔɔ. Kedeŋa yɔɔ cɩnɛ Krɩstʋ n̄ɩma kɩlɩna ɖɔʋ. Paba wayɩ lɛ, Ɛsɔsɛyaa tɩŋ. Ɛsɔsɛyaa wayɩ lɛ, Ɛɛnduu taa n̄ɩma n̄atɩŋna nɛ paba wayɩ kɛ Buudiyism taa n̄ɩma tɩŋaa. Kedeŋa maɣmaɣ wɛna ɖoŋ weyi yɔ, ɛ-yɔɔ Buudiyism ŋgbɛyɛ taa ɛyaa tisuu. Ɛyʋ n̄ʋʋdaa tɩlɩtʋ nɛ ɛzɩma mbʋ ɛmaɣzɩɣ nɛ ɛcakɩ e-wezuu yɔ nɛ ɛzɩma mbʋ ɛmaɣzɩɣ se palaba kedeŋa nɛ kɛwɛ wɛɖʋʋ ŋgʋ yɔ pʋ-yɔɔ patɩŋnaa nɛ palɩzɩ Buudiyism ŋgbɛyɛ.
Toovenim ɛyaa sɩma mbʋ se Buudiyism ŋgbɛyɛ taa ɛyaa iitisiɣ ɛsɔ nɔɔyʋ yɔɔ. Paa mbʋ yɔ, Ɛɛndoonesii ɛjaɖɛ taa peliziɣ ɛsɔ nɔɔyʋ kelizaɣ. Ɛnʋʋ payaɣ se "Buuda". (Siddhartha Gautama). "Theravada" nɛ kɔzɩkɔzɩ "Mahayana" pɔ-sɔnzɩ taa lɛ, Buuda pakpaɣ se ɛkɔ ɛsɔ mpilim. Pɔ-yɔɔ pɩcaɣ pɩwɩlɩ se Buudiyism ŋgbɛyɛ taa n̄ɩma sɩma se ɛsɔ nɔɔyʋ wɛɛ, ɛnʋʋ payaɣ se Buuda.


text:
Akira Kurosawa
Akira Kurosawa (黒澤 明, Kurosawa Akira), ɛɛkɛ kɛlɛm kɛlɛm naa tʊmɩyɛ laɖʊ, ɛkɛ lɩzɩyʊ, tanaŋ yaa amʊza laɖʊ, palʊla-ɩ Tokiyo tɛtʊ taa lakɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 23 pɩnaɣ 1910 nɛ ɛsɩ Tokyo tɛtʊ taa peeɖe salaŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 6 pɩnaɣ 1998 alɩwaatʊ taa. Ɛ-nɛ Yasujirō Ozu nɛ Kenji Mizoguchi, ɛɛkɛ sinimaɣ naa tʊmɩyɛ labɩya taa waɖʊ sɔsɔ nɔyʊ kɛ wɛɛ ana a-tɛ alɩwaatʊ taa. Pɩnzɩ 57 taka taa mbʊ yɔ ɛpɩza ɛla kɛlɛm kɛlɛm naa 30 tʊmɩyɛ.
Akira Kurosawa paza ɛ-tʊmɩyɛ ɛzɩ sɩnɩyʊ nɛ tanaŋ laɖʊ pɩnaɣ 1936. Pɩnaɣ 1943, kedeŋga kpeekpe you sɔsɔʊ alɩwaatʊ taa, ɛla ɛ-tɛ kajalaɣ kɛlɛm kɛlɛm (Sugata Sanshiro). Lutozo ŋgʊ lɩɩ pɩnaɣ 1948 nɛ pasam-kʊ kpem nɛ ɛ-hɩɖɛ kʊyɩ ɛsɔta. Kɛlɛm kɛlɛm ŋgʊ lɩzɩyʊ Toshirō Mifune paɣzɩna nɛ ɛlɩzɩ lalaa papa kpɛndɩ 16 ɛ-nɛ Kurosawa.
Ɛ-nɛ Rashōmon, weyi nɛ palɩzɩ kajalaɣ ñɩŋgʊ Tokyo kɩyɛɛna fenaɣ taa pɩnaɣ 1950 alɩwaatʊ taa yɔ, Akira Kurosawa mʊ pɩnaɣ 1951 tɔɔyʊʊ sika ñɩŋgʊ Venise Mostra tɛtʊ taa, kɩhɛyɩɣ ŋgʊ panɩ kʊ-tɔm Eerɔpʊ tɛtʊ taa nɛ Amerika nɛ hayɩ kiŋ ajɛyɛ taa. Kɛlɛm kɛlɛm ŋgʊ kɩ-tɛ samtʊ ɛyaa sakɩyɛ cɔlɔ nɛ takayasɩ mayaa cɔlɔ tʊlɩ nɔnɔsɩ Japɔŋ sinema tʊmɩyɛ laɖa Wɩsɩ Ɖɩɖɩyɛ ajɛyɛ taa nɛ piyele nɛ patɩlɩ-wɛ paa ɛjɛɖɛ ndɩ lɛ ɖɩ-taa. Kpaɣna pɩnaɣ 1950 nɛ ŋtalɩ 1960 hɛkʊ taa mbʊ yɔ Akira Kurosawa lakaɣ kɛlɛm kɛlɛm paa pɩnaɣ ŋga. Pa-taa kɔyɔ Fezuu labʊ (生きる, Ikiru pɩnaɣ 1952), Samouraïs waa lʊbɛ (七人の侍, Shichinin no samurai) pɩnaɣ, Yojimbo (用心棒, Yōjimbō) pɩnaɣ 1961.
Palʊla Akira pɩnaɣ 1910 kɛ Ōmori kooka taa (Shinagawa hɔɔlʊʊ nakʊyʊ) Tokiyo tɛtʊ taa. Ɛ-caa Isamu, palʊla ɛlɛ samouraïs liɖe taa kɛ Akita egeetiye taa, ɛɛkɛ sukuli hɔɔlʊʊ kɩlɛlʊʊ taa sɔɔjana hoɖe tʊmɩyɛ wɩlʊʊ ñʊʊ tʊ, ŋgʊ e-ɖoo ñaakɛ Osaka liɖe naɖɩyɛ taa tadɩyɛ laɖaa tʊ. Ɛɛkɛ tɩnʊʊ pɩɣa kɛ piyaa lʊbɛ taa. Pa-taa naalɛ katɛma paɣlʊʊ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ palʊla-ɩ yɔ nɛ ɛ-kɔɔ nɔyʊ ñatɩsɩbʊ pɩnzɩ pazɩ wayɩ yem. Kurosawa paɣlɩ ɛ-ɖalaa natozo nɛ ɛ-kɔɔna hɛkʊ taa kɛnɛ.
Pʊkɔma nɛ sinema ŋgʊ kɩyɔɔdʊʊ yɔ kɩlɩ lɛ pɩnzɩ 1930 alɩwaatʊ taa mbʊ yɔ lɛ, liidiye kɛtɛɖaɣ kpa Heigo, kʊyʊm ɛnʊ payaɣ mbʊ nɛ pɩkɛ-ɩ kɩjɛyʊ se ɛpɩsɩ ɛ-caa naa cɔlɔ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ ese-wɛ. Mɩsɩkʋm fenaɣ taa pɩnaɣ 1933 alɩwaatʊ taa lɛ, Heigo kʊ ɛ-tɩ nɛ ɛ-halʊ. Fenasɩ naanza wayi ɛzɩ ɛsɩbʊ yɔ lɛ, ɛ-ɖalʊ kajalaɣ tʊ yaa sɔsɔ ñɩnʊ ɖɔɖɔ ñasɩ.


text:
Henri 4 (Fransɩɩ tɛ wiyaʋ)
Henri 4, pɛɖɛyɩ-ɩ Henri sɔsɔ, palʊlɩ-ɩ Bourbon Henri liɖe kɛ saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 13 pɩnaɣ 1555 kɛ Pau nɛ pakʊ-ɩ agoza fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 14 pɩnaɣ 1610 kɛ Paarii tɛtʊ taa, Navarre wiyaʊ (Navarre Henri 3, 1572 ŋtalɩ 1610) nɛ pʊwayɩ lɛ, ɛkɛ wiyaʊ kɛ Fransɩɩ nɛ Navarre (pɩnzɩ 1589 nɛ 1610), kajalaɣ wiyaʊ weyi paya-ɩ se Bourbon kɛ Kapetiyɛɛ kewiyaɣ kɩɖɛzaɣ tɛ yɔ.
Ɛɛkɛ Jeanne 3 pɩɣa, nɛ ɛ-hɩɖɛ sɔsɔyɛ kɛlɛ Jeanne Albret, Navarre tɛ abiɖe, nɛ Bourbon Antoine, ɛlɛ ñɛkɛnɛ tamaɣ tɔyʊ kɛ Bourbon cejewiye taa. Palʊla-ɩ wiyaʊ Louis 14 liɖe taa, calɩm taa wiyaʊ pɩɣa nɛ ɛyʊ naalɛ tʊ kɛ Fransɩɩ taa. Pɩlɩna salique paɣtʊ yɔ liɖe nɖɩ, ɖɩpɩsɩ Henri ɛyʊ weyi ɛmʊ Fransɩɩ wiyaʊ kewiyaɣ yɔ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ François, Alençon waa tɛ wiyaʊ nɛ Anjou (ɖalaa peyebina-m ñɩm waa kɛ Henri 3 cɔlɔ) sɩba pɩnaɣ 1584 taa yɔ.
Pɔkɔma nɛ Ɛsɔ yɔɔ tisuu aŋgba hɛkɩŋ taa sʊʊ yoŋ ndɩ ndɩ lɛ, ɛ-maɣmaɣ ɛɛwɛ pɩta mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ ɛkɛ calɩm taa wiyaʊ pɩɣa ɖɔɖɔ ɛkɛ pɩɣyɩya tɛ wiyaʊ pʊcɔ ɛkɛʊ wiyaʊ Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa (pɔsɔyɩ-ɩ Ɛsɔ lɩm katoliki cɔɔcɩ taa palʊla-ɩ lɛ, ɛlɛɣzɩ cɔɔcɩ naa ndɩ ndɩ pʊcɔ ɛkɛʊ wiyaʊ. Pɩsa nɛ ɛkɛ wiyaʊ Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa lɛ, pʊpɔzʊʊ se ɛɖanɩ pɩsɩɣ katoliki kpaŋ taa, e-kiɖe tɛ ŋgʊ nɛ ɛñɩɣ nesi Nantes Edict takayaɣ taa, pɩkɛ nɩnaʊ takayaɣ ŋga kahaɣ waɖɛ pɩɣyɩyaa Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ yɔ, mba mba paakizi cɔɔcɩ tɩnaa hɛkɩŋ taa yoŋ pɩtalɩ waasɩ naalɛ yɔ.
Mbʊ lɛ, ɛñɔɔza ɛ-tɩ se ɛla you nɛ Ɛsɩpañɩ ɛjaɖɛ kɛlɛ nɛ pakʊ-ɩ agoza fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 14 pɩnaɣ 1610 pɩtɩŋna Charentais ɛyʊ nɔyʊ yɔɔ, François Ravaillac, ñɩɣtʊ habɩyɛ naɖɩyɛ yɔɔ Paarii tɛtʊ taa. Ɛ-tɛ ɖuunaʊ tɔmʊʊ kɔyɔ Duo praetendit unus pʊtɔbʊʊ kɔyɔ se lɛyʊ yɔɔ lɛyʊ wɛɛ, Fransɩɩ nɛ Navarre.
Pɩɣa kɩfalaɣ ŋga pɔsɔ-kɛ lɩm katoliki cɔɔcɩ kpaŋ taa kɩyakɩŋ kɩsɩŋɩŋ naalɛ wayi ɛzɩ palʊlɩ-ɩ mbʊ yɔ lakɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 6 pɩnaɣ 1554, Pau ɖɩɣa sɔsɔ Ɛsɔ kpaŋ taa, ɛlɛ fada Armagnac sɔnɛ-ɩ lɩm mbʊ. Ɛ-tɛ abalɩ kpaŋgbamɩŋ kɔyɔ Henri 2 Fransɩɩ wiyaʊ nɛ Henri 2 Navarre ñɩnʊ (mbʊ yebina nɛ palɩzɩ hɩɖɛ kɩsɛsɛyɛ se Henri), ɛ-halɩ kpaŋgbamɩŋ kɔyɔ Médicis Cathérine Fransɩɩ abiɖe nɛ Albret Isabeau, e-neŋ. Palakaɣ sɔnzɩ nzɩ lɛ, fada Vendôme wɛna Henri 2 tʊ Fransɩɩ wiyaʊ lone taa, Bourbon Antoine ɖalʊ kɛlɛ.


text:
Papa
Papa kɛ ɛyʊ weyi paya-ɩ se cɔjɔ sɔsɔ kɛ Roma tɛtʊ taa yɔ nɛ ɛnʊ ɖɔkɩna katoliki cejewiye, nɛ ɖɩsɩma mbʊ se ɛnʊ lɛɛzɩna Petro lone taa Ɛsɔ ɛsɩnda nɛ ɛyaa ɛsɩnda (wiyaʊ sɔsɔ ɛlɛ lɛ ɖɩnaɣ-ɩ ɛlɛ yɔ Yesuu Krɩstʊ), ɛnʊ ɛɛkɛ Vatikan tɛtʊ wiyaʊ yɔ. Pʊyɔɔ yɔ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ tɔmpiye nɖɩ ɖɩ-tɔm takayasɩ taa nɛ pɩtɛkɛ mbʊ ɖɩ nɛ pɩtɛkɛ pɔ-tɔm pɔyɔɔdʊʊ. Paa mbʊ ɖɩtɩlɩ paya ɛyʊ mbʊ yɔ pɩkɛ katoliki cejewiye ñʊʊ tʊ.
Ɛzɩ théodore naalɛ tʊ weyi palɩzɩ-ɩ ɛlɛ ɛtɛkɛ cejewiye nɖɩ ɖɩwɛ Roma ɖoŋ yɔɔ kamɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 4 pɩnaɣ. 2012. Tɔmʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩñɔ keeke pɩnaɣ ŋga episikɔpʊ waa kpeɣla kedizaɣ ɖeɖe Nicée tɛtʊ taa pɩnaɣ 325 yɔ, ɛlɛ tɔmpiye nɖɩ ɖɩwɩlɩɣ se pɩkɛ episikɔpʊ Roma tɛtʊ taakpaɣ nɛ Grégoire 7 tʊ alɩwaatʊ taa, kpaɣɖʊ 11. Ɛlɛ tɔmʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩpaɣza nɛ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ pakpa Petro se ɛkɛ katoliki cejewiye ñʊʊ tʊ Yesuu Krɩstʊ wɛɛ taa.
Nɔɔnɔɔ tɛ papa hɩɖɛ kɛlɛ Jorge Mario Bergoglio nɛ ɛsɛʊʊ se François, palɩza-ɩ lakɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 13 pɩnaɣ 2013, ɛnʊ lɛzɩna Benoît 16. Ɛkɛ papa 266 tʊ. Kiɖe tɛɛ lɛ tɔmpiye papa kaakɛ krɛkɩ kʊnʊŋ taa πάπaς / papas) hɩɖɛ sɔsɔyɛ yem, pɩɩkɛ hɩɖɛ ɖʊʊ nɛ ñamtʊ yɔɔ payaɣ ɛyʊ mbʊ, pɩwɛ ɛzɩ pɩɣa yaʊ ka-caa se paaba yɔ. Halɩ pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩ kpaɣɖʊ 6 mbʊ yɔ mbʊ payaɣa episikɔpʊ waa tɩŋa nɛ kɔzɩ kɔzɩ weyi ɛnʊ ɛsɔsaa yɔ.
Kajalaɣ Roma episikɔpʊ weyi pɛcɛla hɩɖɛ nɖɩ se papa yɔ, kpaɣɖʊ 4 wɛɛ taa yɔ, pɩlɩna cubiculum cɔjɔ nɔɔyʊ yɔɔ pakpa-ɩ nɛ paya-ɩ se Severus ɛnʊ payaɣ Marcellin (pɩnzɩ 296 ŋtalɩ 304), kɛlɛ panaɣ matʊ jussu pp [papae] sui Marcellini. Patʊʊ nɛ pama se PP tɔmpiye papa yɔ pɩwɛɛ ɖeu kɔzɩ kɔzɩ nesi ñɩɣ ɖeɖe takayasɩ taa (ɛzɩ papa Benoît 16 yɔ ɛñɩkaɣ takayasɩ taa lɛ ɛmaɣ tʊnɛ yɔ Benedictus PP XVI), pakatɩɣ ɖɔɖɔ matʊ ndɩ ndɩ tɔmɩŋ ɛ nɛ yɔ ɛzɩ Papa urbis Romae (aeternae) pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se Roma tɛtʊ taa papa (maatɛŋ).


text:
Ɛndɩ
Ɛɛndɩ, payaɣ se pɩɖaɣlɩ yɔ, pɔtɔŋ se, Ɛɛndɩ tɛtʋ. Ɛɛndɩ ɛjaɖɛ wɛ Aazii tɛtʋ wandamm taa. Ɖɩmʋ tɛtʋ sakɩyɛ Aazii tɛtʋ ńdʋ tɩ-taa.
Kedeŋga yɔɔ cɩnɛ, Ɛɛndɩ ɛjaɖɛ kɛŋna ɛjaɖɛ naalɛ n̄ɩnɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-ɛyaa kɩlɩ ɖɔʋ yɔ. Walanzɩ hɔɔlʋʋ taa lɛ, ɖɩkɛ ɛjaɖɛ lʋbɛ n̄ɩnɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩkɩlɩ walʋʋ yɔ. Ɖɩcɔlɩ teŋgu nɛ pɩɖɛɛ ɛzɩ kilomɛtɛnaa kudokiŋ lʋbɛ mbʋ yɔ. Ɖɩnɛ Pakisitaanɩ ɛjaɖɛ pasɩna ɖama kamaɣ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʋyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ taa. Hayi kiŋ hɔɔlʋʋ taa lɛ, ɖɩ nɛ Siini nɛ Neepalɩ nɛ Buutanɩ ajɛɛ pasɩŋnɩ ɖama kamasɩ. Nɛ Baŋgɩlaadɛɛsɩ ɛjaɖɛ n̄aasɩɩ-ɖɩ nɛ kamaɣ hayi kiŋ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ taa. Wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ taa lɛ, ɖɩ nɛ Biirimaanɩ ɛjaɖɛ pasɩŋnɩ ɖama kamaɣ. Ɛɛndɩ teŋgu hɔɔlʋʋ taa lɛ, ɖɩn̄ɔtɩna Malidiivi ɛjaɖɛ nɛ hadɛ kiŋ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʋyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ taa. Hadɛ kiŋ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ taa lɛ, ɖɩ nɛ Siri Lanka nɛ Ɛndonezi ajɛɛ pɔn̄ɔtɩŋna ɖama. Hayi kiŋ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʋyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ taa ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, Ɛɛndɩ caɣ se, ɖɩ nɛ Afɩgaanisitaŋ pasɩɩnɩ ɖama kamaɣ.
Sɔnzɩ nzɩ sɩkɩlɩ leɖuu kedeŋga yɔɔ cɩnɛ yɔ, Ɛɛndɩ n̄ɩnzɩ wɛ sɩ-taa. Kpaɣ ɖooo pɩnzɩ 5000 pʋcɔ palʋlʋʋ Yeesu Krɩstʋ lɛ, Ɛɛnduusi kajalaŋa taa sɔnzɩ kɛtɛma wɛʋ. Kewiisi sɔsɔsɩ sɔsɔsɩ wɛ Ɛɛndɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Nɛ ɖooo kɩbɩŋjaazɩ alɩwaatʋ taa sɩpɩlɩ pɩlaaɣ tadɛ haba yɔɔ. Ɛsɔ tɛɛ luŋguu aŋgba sɔsɔna naanza wɛna Ɛɛdɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa ŋkpaɣ ɖooo ɖɩn̄ɔʋ yɔ. Aŋgba sɔsɔna ana, anaa yɔ : Ɛnduuyizim nɛ Jayiniizim nɛ Buudiyizm nɛ Siikizim. Ɛlɛ, wayɩ nɛ wayɩ alɩwaatʋ taa lɛ, aŋgba cikpena n̄ɔn̄ɔ. Anaa yɔ : Zoroyasɩtirizim nɛ Kristiyanizim nɛ Iizilaam. Ɛɛndɩ Ɛngilisi ŋgbɛyɛ kamʋna Ɛɛndɩ ɛjaɖɛ nɛ pʋcɔ Kewiyaɣ Kɩkpɛndaɣ cɔŋna ɖɩ-yɔɔ waaɣ hiu nɛ nakʋ n̄ɩŋga taa. Ɖajaa Mahatma Gandhi lʋbɩna siŋŋ nɛ ɛjaɖɛ ńɖɩ, ɖɩlɩɩ yomiye taa pɩnaɣ 1947 n̄ɩŋga taa. Ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1950 n̄ɩŋga taa ɛjaɖɛ ńɖɩ ɖɩpɩsɩ kedeŋga yɔɔ cɩnɛ ɛjaɖɛ ńɖɩ ɖɩ-taa loma kaɖasɩm kɩlɩ lɩʋ yɔ.
Tɔsʋʋ nʋmɔʋ taa lɛ, sɔnɔ Ɛɛndɩ ɛjaɖɛ kɛŋna ɛjaɖɛ hiu n̄ɩnɖɛ nɖɩ mbʋ payaɣ se PIB yɔ, pʋ-hɔɔlʋʋ taa. Nɛ yabʋ nʋmɔʋ taa PIB hɔɔlʋʋ taa lɛ, ɖɩkɛ ɛjaɖɛ naanza n̄ɩnɖɛ. Ansaayɩ n̄ɩɣtʋ ndɩ ndɩ lubu (lubutu) nʋmɔʋ taa lɛ, ɛjaɖɛ ńɖɩ, ɖɩkɛ kɩfaɖɛ. Ɛlɛ, ɛyʋ katɩɣ kala ndɩ ndɩ naayɛ ɛjaɖɛ ńɖɩ ɖɩ-taa, ɛzɩ kʋn̄ɔndʋtʋ nɛ takayaɣ kɩɩsɩmtʋ nɛ mulum yaa ɛyʋ peɣzuu mbʋ yɔ.
Kʋnʋmɩŋ wɛ ndɩ ndɩ nɛ ɩ-maʋ wɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ ndɩ ndɩ Ɛɛndɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɖɩnaɣ ɖɔɖɔ Ɛsɔ tɛɛ luŋuu aŋgba ndɩ ndɩ ɛjaɖɛ ńɖɩ ɖɩ-taa.


text:
Sɛkɩsiizim (sexisme)
Abalʋ nɛ halʋ pɛ-hɛkʋ taa tɛyɩtʋ. Ɛyaa nabɛyɛ tɔŋ se tɛyɩtʋ natʋyʋ fɛyɩ abalʋ nɛ halʋ pɛ-hɛkʋ taa. Ɛyaa mba palʋkɩna wɩsɩ nɛ ɖoo halʋ waɖɛ yɔɔ kandayʋʋ yɔɔ. Pɔtɔŋ se tʋmɩyɛ naɖɩyɛ fɛyɩ se abalʋ lakɩ nɛ halʋ ɛɛpɩzɩɣ ɖɩ-labʋ. Pʋ-nʋmɔʋ taa sɔnɔdaa halaa lakɩ sɔɔjatʋ tʋmɩyɛ, pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se sɔnɔdaa halaa lakɩ you. Ŋgʋ, ɖooo ɖa-caanaa cɔlɔ lɛ, paa you nakʋyʋ ɛlɩwa yɔ, paakʋ halʋ, mbʋ yɔ, ɛɛlakɩ you.
Paa mbʋʋ yɔ, nabɛyɛ wɛɛ nɛ papa tɔŋ se tɛyɩtʋ wɛ halʋ nɛ abalʋ pɛ-hɛkʋ taa. Pɔtɔŋ se pɩtɛkɛ yem nɛ abalʋtʋ wɛɛ abalʋ tɛɛ nɛ halɩtʋ ñɛwɛna halʋ tɛɛ. Pɔyɔɔdʋʋ se pʋwɛ se abalʋ ɛñazɩna halʋ pɩtɩŋa pɩ-taa. Pɩfɛyɩ se pɔtɔ se halʋ nɛ abalʋ pɛwɛ kɩmaŋ nabʋyʋ ɖeɖe. Halʋ nɛ abalʋ pɛ-hɛkʋ taa tɛyɩtʋ ndʋ payaɣ se sɛkɩsiizim (sexisme). Pɩnaɣ 1960 taa poluba tɔmpiye sɛkɩsiizim pɩlɩɩna lɩmaɣzɩyɛ kɩfaɖɛ nɖɩ ɛyʋ maɣzɩ halʋ yɔɔ yɔ ɖɩ-yɔɔ. Ɛyaa hɛkʋ taa tɛyɩtʋ yebina nɛ tɔmpiye sɛkɩsiizim ñɔ. Nabɛyɛ yɔɔdʋʋ se ɛyʋ kʋhʋlʋm nɛ ɛyʋ kɩkpɛdʋ pɛ-hɛkʋ taa tɛyɩtʋ natʋyʋ wɛɛ. Ɛyʋ sʋtʋ tɔlɩm tʋ nɛ ɛyʋ kɩsɛm, pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se anasaayɩ pɛ-hɛkʋ taa tɛyɩtʋ wɛɛ. Tobi se, tɛyɩtʋ wɛ ɛyaa tɩŋa hɛkʋ taa pɩlɩɩna po-tomnasɩ tɔlɩm cɔlɔ. Pʋ-nʋmɔʋ taa ɖɔɖɔ nabɛyɛ kaɖɩɣ kpayɩ se tɛyɩtʋ natʋyʋ wɛ halʋ nɛ abalʋ pɛ-hɛkʋ taa, mbʋ yɔ, abalɩtʋ wɛna abalʋ tɛɛ nɛ piyele halɩtʋ ñɛwɛɛ halʋ tɛɛ.
Mbʋ pɔyɔɔdʋʋ se tɛyɩtʋ wɛ halʋ nɛ abalʋ pɛ-hɛkʋ taa yɔ, pɔtɔŋ se pɩtɛkɛ yem nɛ abalaa tʋmɩyɛ wɛɛ nɛ halaa tʋmɩyɛ ñɛwɛɛ. Ɖɩkpaɣ ɛzɩ lakʋ wobu mbʋ yɔ. Halaa iiwoki lakʋ, pɩkɛ abalaa tʋmɩyɛ. Halʋ eewoki you labʋ, pɩkɛ ɖɔɖɔ abalaa tʋmɩyɛ.
Ɛlɛ, toovenum lɛ, sɔnɔdaa pɩtɩŋa pɩlɛɣzaa. Halaa pɩzɩɣ powolo lakʋ. Papɩzɩɣ pâla you, mbʋ yɔ, sɔnɔdaa halaa lakɩ sɔɔjatʋ tʋmɩyɛ. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se powoki you ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ abalaa yɔ. Ɖooo lɛ, taɣ yɔɔ tʋma ɖeɖe koŋ halʋ lakɩ. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se taɣ hazʋʋ, lɩm luu, mʋlʋm naŋʋʋ, ɖozi hiluu, mʋtʋ saʋ, piya lɩm sɔʋ nɛ po-wondu cɔtʋʋ. Halʋ ɖɔɖɔ cɔtʋʋna ɛ-walʋ wondu. Halʋ cɔŋnana ɖɔɖɔ yɔɔ. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se, ɛnʋ wokina hatʋ, ɛnʋ kpɛzɩna koo nɛ ekpena ɛɖʋ wondu huɖe yɔɔ.
Sɔnɔdaa yɔ, halaa lakɩ abalaa tʋma tɩŋa. Halaa hayɩŋ, halaa lakɩ masɔɔ tʋmɩyɛ, pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se pamaɣ kuduyiŋ. Halaa lakɩ kafɩnta tʋmɩyɛ, pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se pakaŋ kancɩnaa, pasakɩ kpoŋkpolonaa, palakɩ kpeŋgbelasɩ ndɩ ndɩ. Halaa kʋŋ kesi. Halaa lakɩ alikiizaŋ tʋmɩyɛ, pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se, halaa kʋʋ kpɩna pa-maɣmaɣ nɛ pɛpɛdɩɣ a-nandʋ. Halaa lakɩ tɩlaava tʋmɩyɛ, pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se pasaɣ lɔɔɖa. Halɩ halaa saɣ ɛsɔdaa lɔɔɖa maɣmaɣ. Halɩ sɔnɔdaa halaa kɛ karɩtiyee awiya. Halaa nabɛyɛ ñɛkɛ filaazɩ awiya. Nabɛyɛ ñɛkɛ kantɔɔ awiya. Halaa kɛ prefewaa. Halaa kɛ minisiwaa. Halɩ halaa kɛ ajɛya ñʋndɩnaa maɣmaɣ.
Yee mbʋ, halʋ wɛ abalɩtʋ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ abalʋ yɔ paa pɩtɛkɛ abalɩtʋ ɛwɛna ɛ-tɛɛ kɔyɔ. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se tɛyɩtʋ natʋyʋ fɛyɩ halʋ nɛ abalʋ pɛ-hɛkʋ taa.
Ɛyʋ ɛcɔnaa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, ɖooo lɛ, sʋlʋm puu kɛkɛ halaa tʋmɩyɛ. Ɛlɛ, sɔnɔdaa lɛ, abalaa puu ɖɔɖɔ sʋlʋm nɛ pɛpɛdɩɣ. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se, tʋmɩyɛ naɖɩyɛ fɛyɩ nɛ ɖɩkɛ abalaa ɖeke tʋmɩyɛ nɛ tʋmɩyɛ naɖɩyɛ ñɛwɛɛ nɛ ɖɩɖɩ kɛ halaa ɖeke ñɩnɖɛ.


text:
Ruwandaa
Ruwandaa ɛjaɖɛ wɛ kedeŋa yɔɔ aŋgba sakɩyɛ taa. Ɖɩwɛ ajɛya kpɛndʊʊ ŋgbɛyɛ taa (ONU). Ɖɩtɛ ɖɩwɛɛ Afrɩka ajɛya kpɛndʊʊ ŋgbɛyɛ taa (UA). Pɩnaɣ 2007 ñɩŋga taa ɖɩsʊ Afrɩka ajɛya kpɛndʊʊ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa.
Ɖɩwɛ ɖɔɖɔ Afrɩka nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ ajɛya ŋgbɛyɛ taa (CAE). Ɖɩwɛ ɖɔɖɔ Kedeŋa kpeekpe ajɛya wena ayɔɔdʊʊ Fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ yɔ, a-ŋgbɛyɛ taa (OIF). Ɖɩwɛ ɖɔɖɔ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se «Commonwealth of Nations » yɔ ɖɩ-taa.
Pɩnaɣ 1962 ñɩŋga taa Ruwandaa lɩ ɖi-yomiye taa.
Kinyarwanda kʊnʊŋ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ Ruwandaa ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɖɩ-ɛyaa wɛ piyisi hɛkɩŋ taa. Pakʊ Tuuji samaɣ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ Ruwandaa ɛjaɖɛ taa. Kigiluu tɔm ndʊ tɩkɛŋna Ruwandaa tɔm ndʊ paasɔʊ tɩ-yɔɔ kaʊ yɔ. Pɩnaɣ 1994 taa, kpaɣ ɖomaɣ fenaɣ nɛ puwolo pɩtalɩ hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ taa kigiluu ŋgʊ kɩlaba.
Ruwandaa caanaʊ tɔm[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Pʊcɔ anasaayɩ talʊʊ Ruwandaa ɛjaɖɛ taa alɩwaatʊ.
Pʊcɔ anasaayɩ fɛyʊʊ naŋgbaŋaɣ Ruwandaa ɛjaɖɛ taa lɛ, cejewe nɛɛlɛ (20) kekpeɣlini ɖama nɛ awɛ kpɛm. A-taa lɛ, ɖɩnaɣ Tuuji cejewiye. Tuuji cejewiye taa ñɩma lakaɣ ɖɔɖɛ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ. Payaɣ cejewiye lɛɛɖɛ se Huutu. Huutu cejewiye taa ñɩma ñɛkɛ haɖaa. Payaɣ cejewiye lɛɛɖɛ se Tuwa. Tuwa cejewiye taa ñɩma ñɛkɛ nesi tɛɛ tʊma laɖaa. Tuwa cejewiye taa ɛyaa liɖe kɛ kaapʊwasɩ liɖe.
Pɔ-cɔzɔnaa calɩna wɛʊ Ruwandaa ɛjaɖɛ taa. Kaapʊwasɩ kɛ ɛyaa mba pataɖaɣlɩ yɔ, pɛwɛ kundulum kundulum. Tuwa cejewiya pasɩŋaɣna Ruwandaa ɛjaɖɛ taa tʊ. Paa cejewiye nɖɩ nɛ ɖi-wiyaʊ. Cejewiye wiyaʊ payaɣ se Mwami. Pɩwɛɛ se wiyaʊ ɛnʊ ɛ-caa liɖe ɛkɛ Huutu yaa Tuuji liɖe taa tʊ. Tuuji cejewiye ñazaɣna pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ cejewa lɛɛna. Halɩ pakpaɣ cejewiye nɖɩ ɖi-wiyaʊ se ɛnʊ kɛŋna Ruwandaa ɛjaɖɛ Wiyaʊ. Samaɣ yɔɔdaɣ kʊnʊŋ kʊɖʊmʊʊ. Pa-kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ payaɣ kinyarwanda.
Cejewe kpeekpe taa ɛyaa tɩŋaɣ Ɛsɔ sɛʊ nʊmɔʊ kʊɖʊmʊʊ. Cejewiye lɛɛɖɛ taa abalʊ pɩsaɣ se ɛkpaɣ cejewiye lɛɛɖɛ taa halʊ. Halʊ ñapɩzɩɣ ɛkʊyɩ e-cejewiye taa nɛ ɛɖɛɛ ɛwalɩ cejewiye lɛɛɖɛ taa ɛyʊ. Ñɩnɩyaa ɖɔŋa ɖama hɔm Ruwandaa cejewa yɔɔ. Ñɩnɩyaa nabɛyɛ tɔŋ se paapɩzɩɣ patɩlɩ cejewiye lɛɛɖɛ nɛ lɛɛɖɛ pa-taa ɛyaa. Mbʊ yɔ, yɔɔdaɣ kʊɖʊmaɣ wɛna.
Patɩŋa pɛkpɛndɩɣ patɩɣyɩ ɖɔɖɛ nɛ tɛtʊ. Ɛlɛ, ɖɔɖɔ yɔɔ cɔnɩyʊ wɛɛ nɛ tɛtʊ yɔɔ cɔnɩyʊ ñɛwɛɛ. Sɔɔjanaa ñʊʊdʊ ñɛwɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ.


text:
Piikolo
Piikolo kɛna minziiki wonuu ŋgʋ pahʋlʋʋ-kʋ kʋ-hʋlʋ yɔ. Palaba-kʋ nɛ ɖeɣya ŋga yɔ, kɛwɛ hɩsɩ hɔʋ taa. Paya-kʋ ɖɔɖɔ size hɩlaɣ cikpelaɣ. Kɛkɛ cikpelaɣ pɩkɩlɩ hɩlaɣ sʋsaɣ. Ka-ɖalakɩŋ taa wɛ ɛzɩ yaa mana ɛzɩ hɩlaɣ sʋsaɣ hɛkʋ nɛ hɛkʋ yɔ.
Piikolo hilaɣ n̄ɩŋga kanɛ yɔ, ka-taa wala talɩɣ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ sʋsaɣ mbɩ yɔ.
Ɛlɛ tʋkaɣ ŋga kɛwɛ kana sʋsaɣ pɛhɛkʋ taa kɛlɛ size ka-hʋlʋʋ taa lɛ, kɛ-fɛyɩna do kʋnɛ, kɛ-fɛyɩna do sʋsɔʋ kʋnɛ ɖɔɖɔ. Nɛ ewilitu yaa etilitu lɩʋ nutozo sʋsɔʋ taa kɛ camɩyɛ. Yeee pɛkɛdʋ ɖeyi ɖeyi kɔyɔ, piikolo kɩ-hʋlʋʋ kʋnɛ, kɩwɛna hɔɔlɩŋ nɩɩlɛ. kɩ-hɔɔlɩŋ ɛnʋ yɔ: n̄ʋʋ ɖeɖe, nɛ tɔnʋʋ ɖeɖe. Nɛ ɖitaasɔ size ɖeɣya palabɩnɛyɩ. Ɖeɣya ŋga kɛwɛ pidimm (tɩʋ kibiyu) tɩyɛ kɛ nabʋyʋ taa. Nɛ kɛwɛ ɖɔɖɔ puyi(buis) tɩyɛ.
Kɛwɛ ɖɔɖɔ n̄ɩɣlɩm liidiye, yen mayɛkɩtɩ (maillechort) tɩyɛ, ɛlɛ pabɩzɩɣ palabɩ nɛ tɩʋ pɩndʋ nɛ pɩ-wɛtʋ taa wɛ ɛzɩ ɛyʋ kpɛlɛkʋ labʋ yɔ. Patɩlayɩ lɛɛlɛ yɔ kedeŋa kpeekpe yɔ, pɩlakɩ ɛzɩ pɩnzɩ 200 mbɩ yɔ yɔ. Patɩlaɣ ɖɔɖɔ size pabɩzɩɣ pama Piikolo kʋnɛ yɔ nutozo wilitu yaa tilitu taa cikpetu taa.
Pʋbʋ taa lɛ, pɩsaŋ nɛ pɛkɛdɩna nee nɛ wilitu yaa tilitu lɩɩ camɩyɛ pʋwɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ hɩlaɣ sʋsaɣ yɔ. Piikolo ŋgʋ kʋwɛ ɛzɩ "ut" yɔ, kɩ-tamʋna pɛcɛ-kʋ hɩɖɛ camɩyɛ size minziiki wonuu ŋgʋ kɩ-lɛɛzʋʋ wilitu yaa tilitu camɩyɛ yɔ. ki-tilitu yaa ki-wilitu taa wɛ ɛzɩ fɩnɩnɩ nutozo ɖeɖe. Nɛ hɛkʋ nɛ hɛkʋ diatoniiki ɖeɖe.


text:
Ɛsɩpaañɩ
Ɛsipaañɩ ɛjaɖɛ kɛ Eerɔpɩ nɛ kɩ-hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ. Keteŋa kpeekpe lɛ, pɛkɛdɩɣ ajɛya wena a-taa eyaa ɖɔɔ ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, Ɛsipaañɩ ɛjaɖɛ sɛʊ nɛ ɖɩkɛ 28 ñɩnɖɛ nɛ ɖɩ-ɛyaa kpɛndɩ miliyɔŋnaa 46 pɩnaɣ 2015 taa. Mediiteraanee teŋu cɔ-ɖɩ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ nɛ hadɛ kiŋ payɩ nɛ pɩta ɛlɛ pɩkazɩ hɔɔlɩŋ nɩɩyɛ. Hayʊ kiŋ lɛ Piirenee, Andɔɔrɩ nɛ Kaskɔɔñɩ lɩm; piyele wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa lɛ, Pɔrtiigaalɩ ɛjaɖɛ nɛ Atɩlantiiki teŋʊ.
Eerɔpɩ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlyɛ taa lɛ, Ɛsipaañɩ kɩlɩna walanzɩ nɛ pɩkɛ Eerɔpɩ ajɛya kɩkpɛndɩɣ taa kɔyɔ Fransɩ ñakɩlɩna. Kɩ-walanzɩ taa wɛɛ kilomɛtanaa akpagba 504 030. Yee pɩkɛ Eerɔpɩ kpeekpe taa kɔ yɔ, ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩkɛ naatozo ñɩnɖɛ Ukrɛɛnɩ nɛ Fransɩɩ pawayɩ. Ɛzɩma Ɛsipaañɩ ɛjaɖɛ wɛ ajɛya lɛɛna cɔlɔ yɔ lɛ ɖɩ-taa tɩlɩtʊ nɛ lɔŋ ndɩ ndɩ sidi yem.
Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖooo pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ 15 taa kɛ ageeta nayɛ naalɛ nɩna ɖama nɛ akpɛndɩ kpɛm, ana yɔ, Kasitiiyi nɛ Araagɔŋ. Pɩwayɩ lɛ pɔsɔzɩ pɔ-yɔɔ kɛ kewiisi nasɩyɛ: Kirenaadi kewiyaɣ pɩnaɣ 1492 nɛ pɩnaɣ 1512 lɛ, Naavarɩ ñɩŋga. Pɔkɔma payɩ lɛ, kewiisi nzɩ sɩtɩŋga sɩkpɛndɩ kʊɖʊm kpayɩkpaɣ pɩnzɩ 1715 nɛ 1716 taa.


text:
Pɩnzɩ mɩnɩʊ
Pɩnzɩ mɩnɩʊ kɛna ɛzɩ pɛkɛdʊʊ nɛ kabɩyɛ taa se waasɩ hiŋ naalɛ yɔ. Pɩsa nɛ pakalɩ camɩyɛ pɩnzɩ mɩnɩʊ lɛ, pakpaɣ nɛ pɛkɛdɩna Room mba matʊ cɛcɛsɩ nɛ nzɩ lɛ: I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X mbʊ mbʊ. Palʊlʊu Yesu nɛ pɩsɩɩna sɔnɔ yɔ pɩlaba pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ XXI. Kacalaɣ pɩnzɩ mɩnɩʊ kacalaɣ ŋga paɣzɩna kɔlaɣ fenaɣ kacalaɣ wiye; pɩnzɩ mɩnɩʊ naalɛ ŋga paɣzɩna kɔlaɣ fenaɣ kacalaɣ wiye 101; pɩnzɩ mɩnɩʊ naadozo ŋga paɣzɩna kɔlaɣ fenaɣ kacalaɣ wiye pɩnaɣ 201; mbʊ mbʊ pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩ pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ XXI. Pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ XXI paɣzɩna kɔlaɣ fenaɣ kacalaɣ wiye pɩnaɣ 2001.
Pakalʊʊ pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ yɔ pɩtakɩlɩ kaɖɛ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ palakɩ akɔnta ɛzɩ mɩnɩʊ nɛ pʊsɔzɩ kʊɖʊm yɔ. Mbʊ labɩna yee pɩkɛ pɩnaɣ ɛzɩ 1998 yɔ palakɩ 19 pɔsɔzɩ 1 lɛ pɩlaba 20, pʊtɔbʊʊ se ɛyʊ wɛɛ pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ XX taa.
Kabɩyɛ mba tɛyɩ alɩwaatʊ kɛ pɩnzɩ kagbaanzɩ taa nɛ payaɣ-sɩ se waaɣ. Pɩnaɣ kagbaanzɩ ñɩŋga kɛŋna pɩnaɣ ŋga kabɩyɛ abalʊ weyi pɔtɔɔza-ɩ nɛ ɛkayɩ yɔ, ɛlakɩ kɔndɔtʊ sɔnzɩ yɔ. Kabɩyɛ mba lakɩ kɔndɔtʊ lɛ, paapaasʊʊ waasɩ kalʊʊ naalɛ naalɛ nɛ pɩnzɩ hiu lɛ pɩlaba waasɩ naalɛ. Mbʊ yebina nɛ pɩsa nɛ pakɩlʊʊ camɩyɛ tobi tobi ɛyʊ pɩnzɩ kɛ waasɩ taa lɛ, pakalʊʊ se akele wɛna waazɩ hiu yɔ yee ɛfɛyɩ sɔnɔ kɔyɔ, papɩzʊ papaa-ɩ mbʊ pɔyɔɔ yɔ ɛgbadayaa yaa ɛlaba sɔsɔ. Yee kabɩyɛ-tʊ ɛɛkalʊʊ pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ kɔyɔ pʊtɔbʊʊ se ɛkalʊʊ waasɩ.


text:
Hadɛtʊ
Hadɛtɩnaa kɛna mba pɛtɛma sɩbʊ nɛ pakandayʊ ɛsɛndɩnaa yɔɔ yɔ. Paatasɩɣ-wɛ naʊ nɛ ɛsa. Ɛlɛ pɩtɛkɛ sɩɖaa tɩŋa kɛgna hadɛ tɩnaa. Kabɩyɛ taa lɛ, mba pasɩba sɩm kɩpam yɔ, peɖeke papɩzɩɣna pɩkɛ hadɛ tɩna. Pʊtɔbʊʊ se nabɛyɛ sɩkɩ sɩm kɩtɛkɛdɩm. Mba pasɩba camɩyɛ yɔ yaa pasɩba sɩm kɩpam yɔ, palakɩ pɛ-lɛsɩ kɩpanzɩ nɛ mba patasɩ sɩm kɩpam yɔ, palakɩ papa lɛsɩ kɩdɛkɛdsɩ.
Mba kɛ pɔtɔŋ se pasɩba sɩm kɩdɛkɛdɩm? Mba pasɩba sɩm kɩdɛkɛdɩm yɔ pa-taa kɔyɔ pɩɣa kʊhɔlɩsaɣ yaa piya kʊhɔlɩsɩsɩ, pɩɣa afolom, halʊ hɔɔtʊ yaa halaa hɔsɩ tɩnaa, canaɣ yaa canasɩ,lɩumkpaɣʊ yaa lɩmkpaɣyaa, kaalʊlaɣ yaa kaalʊlasɩ, ɛɖanɛ yaa aɖama,tɩkʊyʊ yaa tɩkʊyaa.
Pʊtɔbʊʊ kɛlɛ se mba pakʊyaa nɛ pala tʊma ɛjaɖɛ yɔɔ cɩnɛ, pɛwɛna piya nɛ pasɩ camɩyɛ nɛ pa-sɩm tɔkɔna wiliu nɛ ɛsɩtɛɛlɩm yɔ nɛ pala pɛ-lɛsɩ nɛ taaleleŋ yɔ peeɖe pɛkɛŋna hadɛ tɩnaa. Mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, ɛyaa ɛsɩndɩnaa mba pɔ-yɔɔ pakandɩɣ yɔ, mbʊ ɖɔɖɔ palakɩ pa-tʊmaa camɩyɛ nɛ kɩdɛkɛdɩm nabʊyʊ ɛɛkaɣ-wɛ talɩʊ. Hadɛtʊ yaa hadɛtɩnaa panɛ pɛwɛʊ ɖɩɣa taa nɛ pamaɣ-wɛ kumola nɛ a-yɔɔ kɛ palaɣ nɛ palɔʊ nɔsɩ ndɩ ndɩ.


text:
Karl Marx
Palʊla Karl Heinrich Marx kɛ agoza fenaɣ kagbaanzɩ wiye kɛ Trèves tɛtʊ taa pɩnaɣ 1818 nɛ ɛkʊyɩ ɛjaɖɛ yɔɔ kɛ lakɩŋ fenaɣ 14 pɩnaɣ 1883 kɛ Lɔndrɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛkɛ Caama tʊ nɛ ɛlaba tʊma wena yɔ, afɛyɩ yɔɔdɩɣ: ɛkɛ caanaʊ taa tɔm ñɩnɩyʊ nɛ tɩkɛtɩyʊ, ɛkɛ aseɣɖe tɔm kɛtɩyʊ, philosophe nɛ tɔsʊʊ yɔɔ cɔnɩyʊ, ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ sociologue nɛ socialiste, takayasɩ mayʊ, ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ Komunisti. Pasɩma-ɩ sɩŋŋŋ nɛ ɛ-lʊbɩyɛ nɖɩ ɛlʊba tʊmɩlaɖaa yɔɔ yɔ, ntʊ ɛyɔɔda pɩlɩna ɛzɩma liidiye cɔʊ cɔʊ mbʊ yɔ pʊ-yɔɔ ɖɔɖɔ pɩtasɩna ɛ-lɩmazɩyɛ kɛ ɛzɩma ɖooo caanaʊ taa mba nɛ sɔnɔ mba ɖɔɖɔ pacɔzɩɣ pa-ñɩm cɔzɩɣ mbʊ yɔ.
Anɩɩ payaɣ se Karl Marx[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Palʊla Karl Heinrich Marx kɛ pɩnaɣ 1818 kɛ Trèves tɛtʊ taa, ɖenɖe payaɣ sɔnɔ se Rhénanie-Palatinat yɔ nɛ ɛkɛ naalɛ-tʊ pɩya litoozo taa. Payaɣ ɛ-caa se Heinrich Marx (1782–1838) nɛ ɛ-cɔzɔ yɔ Herschel Marx Levi Mordechai. Ɛ-caa ɛnʊ ɛkɛ tɔm-hʊyʊ weyi payaɣ se avocat yɔ nɛ ɛkɛ Yuuɖa tʊ. Ɛ-cɔzɔ sɔsɔ payawa se Heinrich Meier Halevi Marx, nɛ ɛzɩ ɛ-caa ɖɔɖɔ mbʊ yɔ, ɛɛkɛ Trèves cejewiye layaa tɛ nɔɔyɔɔ ɖɛyʊ nɔɔyʊ pɩnaɣ 1723. Kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 1816 yaa 1817 taa kɛ Karl Marx pɩsa Protestant se pɩsamɩ-ɩ nɛ ɛla ɛ-tʊmaa camɩyɛ kaalɛyɩtʊ; mbʊ ɛkpaɣ hɩɖɛ se Heinrich. Payaɣ e-ɖoo se Henriette Pressburg, palʊla ɛlɛ hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ 20 wiye pɩnaɣ 1788 nɛ ɛsɩ mɩnzɛma fenaɣ hiŋ naatozo ɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 75. Ɛkɛ Yuuda mba mba palɩna Hollande yɔ. E-newaa kɔyɔ Gerard Philips nɛ Anton Philips. Pɔsɔ Karl Heinrich Marx kɛ ɛsɔ tɛ lɩm pɩnaɣ 1824 Luther cɔɔcɩ taa nɛ pakpazɩ-ɩ ɖoŋ pɩnaɣ 1834 kɛ Trinité de Trèves cɔɔcɩ kpaaŋ taa. Pɩwɛ mbʊ se Karl Marx caa ɖoŋgaɣ yuuɖa mba paɣtʊ yɔɔ ɛlɛ ɛ-cɔzɔ ɛnʊ (Karl Heinrich Mordechai) patalabɩ-ɩ yuuɖa mba sɔnzɩ nasɩyɛ, pɔtɔsɔ-ɩ lɩm ɖɔɖɔ nɛ nabʊyʊ ɛwɩlɩɣ kaɣlaɣ se Karl waa mba pɔɖɔŋ Yuuɖa mba paɣtʊ yɔɔ yaa Luther ñɩndʊ yɔɔ.
Karl Marx sukuli labʊ[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Ɛlaba sukuli nɛ ɛsʊʊ Friedrich-Wilhelm tɛ Sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ taa kɛ Trèves tɛtʊ taa pɩnaɣ 1830 nɛ peeɖe ɛmʊ ɛ-takayaɣ ŋga payaɣ se Abitur yɔ nɛ pɩha-ɩ nʊmɔʊ nɛ ɛsʊʊ Bonn tɛ sukuli kɛtɛzʊʊ taa pɩnaɣ 1835 nɛ ɛpaɣzɩ droit labʊ. Universite taa peeɖe paha-ɩ samtʊ nimiye naɖɩyɛ nɖɩ lɛ ɛ-tɛ tʊmɩyɛ labʊ nɛ ɛ-abalɩtʊ nimiye. Pʊwayɩ lɛ ewolo Friedrich-Wilhem universite taa kɛ Pɛrɩlɛɛ tɛtʊ taa lakɩŋ fenaɣ 1836 nɛ ɛpaɣzɩ filozofii nɛ caanaʊ taa tɔm kpɛlɛkɩʊ sɩŋŋŋ. Ɛtama e-sukuli pɩnaɣ 1841 nɛ ɛma ɛ-tɛ takayaɣ ŋga kawɩlʊ se ɛkɛ dɔkɩtɛɛrɩ yɔ nɛ ŋga lɛ Différence de la philosophie de la nature chez Démocrite nɛ Épicure yɔ. Pʊwayɩ pukɔma ɖomaɣ fenaɣ 15 pɩnaɣ pɩnaɣ kʊɖʊmaɣ ŋga ka-taa lɛ, pamʊ-ɩ Iéna tɛ universite taa nɛ ɛpaɣzɩ philosophie wɩlɩʊ.
Karl Marx hɔʊ[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Pɩnaɣ 1843 kɛ Karl Marx kpaɣ ɛ-ɖaŋ Jenny von Westphalen kɛ Bad Kreuznach tɛtʊ taa. Ɛ-ɖaŋ ɛnʊ sukuli kɩtɛzʊ taa peeɖe ɛna-ɩ pana ɖama nɛ pɔsɔɔlɩ ɖama. Pɩnzɩ nzɩ sɩ-taa kɛ ɛ-ɖalʊ sɔsɔ ñapɩsa minisiɖi weyi ɛcɔŋna ɖiu ɖiu caaʊ yɔɔ yɔ kɛ Prusse tɛtʊ taa kpaɣ pɩnzɩ 1850 nɛ 1858 sɩ-taa. Pɛwɛna pɩya lʊbɛ ɛlɛ halɩ-piya naatozo ɖeɖe kaɣna wɛnaʊ nɛpe-weziu nɛ papɩɩ; mba lɛ: Jenny Caroline (1844-1883), Laura (1845-1911) nɛ Jenny Julia Eleanor (1855-1898). Laurat wala Paul Lafargue kɛ pɩnaɣ 1868; ɛ-walʊ ɛnʊ ɛkɛ Fransɩ tʊ nɛ ɛma Karl Marx yɔɔ tɔm kpem nɛ ɛkɛdɩ ɛzɩma Marx kɛ philosophe yɔ. Paul ɛnʊ ɛya ɛ-takayaɣ ŋga se Souvenirs personnels sur Karl Marx. Jenny Caroline yɔ, ɛwalɩ Parɩ tɛtʊ taa weyi pazyaɣ se Charles Longuet. Jenny Eleanor ɛlɛ yɔ, ɛwala Britannique tʊ nɔɔyʊ nɛ payaɣ-ɩ se Edward Aveling.


text:
Hernán Cortés
Hernán Cortés kɛ Ɛsɩpaan̄ɩ tʋ. Ɛ-hɩɖɛ ɖeyi ɖeyi tɩŋgɛ kɛlɛ Fernando Cortés de Monroy Pizarro Altamirano. Ɛkɛ Tɛtʋ ndʋ payaɣ-tʋ size Oaxaca yɔ, tɩ-tɛ kɛdɛŋga kajalaɣ tʋ weyi, ɛlaba malɩfanaa nɛ tɔŋ you Amerika ɛjaɖɛ taa size ɛkpaɣ ɖɩ-taa ajɛɛ naayɛ nɛ ɖoŋ yɔ.
Palʋla-ɩ paa pɩɩla ɛzɩmaɣ yɔ, pɩnaɣ 1485 n̄ɩŋga taa mbɩ yɔ. Egeetiye nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa palʋla-ɩ yɔ payaɣ-ɖɩ size Medellín, Estrémadure tɛ haɖaa taa hɛkʋ nakʋyʋ taa. Ɛsɩba saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ taa kɩyakʋ naalɛ n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye pɩnaɣ 1547 n̄ɩŋga taa mbɩ yɔ. Egeetiye nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa ɛsɩba yɔ payaɣ size Castilleja de la Cuesta, ɖɩn̄ɔtɩna lone nɖɩ paya size Séville yɔ kpam.
Ɖajaa sɔsɔ Hernán Cortés ɛnɛ, ɛkɛ abalʋ weyi ɛlaba Amerika ɛjaɖɛ taa n̄ɩm kpaɣʋ nɛ ɖoŋ you yɔ. Ɛkɛ abalʋ n̄ʋʋ leleŋ tʋ, ɛlaba you sakɩyɛ nɛ ɛwabayɩ ɖɔɖɔ payɩ. Ɛlaba you nɛ ɛmʋna ɖoŋ kɛ aztèque Ampiiri yaa ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʋ. Ɖajaa sɔsɔ Charles Quint kaakɛna Castille tɛ tɛtʋ wiyau. Ɛnʋ kɛna ɖɔɖɔ, wiyau sɔsɔ kɛ ɖoma caama kʋnʋŋ yɔɔdɩyaa tɛ.
Abalʋ ɖoŋ tɛtʋ mʋyʋ yoyu tʋ sɔsɔ ɛnɛ, ɛnʋ cɛɣɩ ɛ-tɩ nɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ size Ɛsɩpan̄ɔlɩ kɩfalʋʋ ɛjaɖɛ lɩɩ. Ɖɩkɛ ɛjaɖɛ kɩfaɖɛ, ɖɩtaawɛ kedeŋa yɔ. Kpaɖʋ hiu nɛ nanaaza (14) n̄ɩŋgʋ kɛnɛ kpaɖʋ ŋgʋ Ɛsɩpaan̄ɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa yoyaa n̄aza siŋŋ nɛ pamʋna ɖoŋ Amerika ajɛɛ nɛ pacaɣ a-n̄ʋŋ yɔɔ yɔ. Ɛsɩpaan̄ɩ ɛjaɖɛ tʋ ɖoŋ tɛtʋ mʋyʋ yoyu ɛnɛ, ɛlɩna ɛyaa kɩbama nɛ n̄ɩm tɩnaa sɔsɔ cejewiye yaa hɔʋʋ taa kɛnɛ.


text:
Béhanzin
Wiyaʋ weyi payaɣ se, Béhanzin yɔ, palʋla-ɩ pɩnaɣ 1845 taa nɛ ɛkɔɔ ewona sɔsaa mʋlʋm saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ hiu (10) ñɩŋʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1906 ñɩŋa taa. Blida tɛtʋ taa Béhanzin sɩba. Wiyaʋ Béhanzin kʋɖʋm ɛnʋʋ payaɣ ɖɔɖɔ se Gbêhanzin yaa Gbèhanzin yaa ɖɔɖɔ se Gbèhin azi bô ayidji Ahosou Gbowelé.
Yee patakalɩna wiyaʋ weyi payaɣa-ɩ se Adandozan kɔyɔ, pʋpʋ, Béhanzin kɛ Abomey ɛjaɖɛ wiyaʋ hiu nɛ kʋɖʋm tʋ. Ɖahʋma (Abomey) ɛjaɖɛ payaɣ sɔnɔdaa se Penɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ.
Behanzin tɔɔ kewiyaɣ Ɖahʋma ɛjaɖɛ taa kɔlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ loɖo ñɩŋʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1890 taa nɛ puwolo pɩsɩɩna kɔlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ hiu nɛ kagbaanzɩ (15) ñɩŋʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1894 ñɩŋa taa. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se, pɩnaɣ 1894 taa ɛlɔɔ nɛ ekizi kewiyaɣ.
Payaɣ Béhanzin caa se, Da-Da Glèlè Kini-Kini. Béhanzin ɛnʋ sakɩyɛ yaɣa-ɩ se Ahokponu nɛ pɛɖɛyɩɣ-ɩ se prince Kondo. Pɩnaɣ 1875 ñɩŋa taa papazɩ-ɩ ɖɛʋ ḿbʋ. Béhanzin nɛ Porto-Novo tɛtʋ wiyaʋ patanaɣ ɖama nɛ ɛsɩyɛ kpem. Porto-Novo tɛtʋ wiyaʋ payaɣ se Toffa. Pɔkɔma pataa wiyaʋ Béhanzin num kiɖeɖem nɛ ɛpɩsɩ kelekele tʋ lɛ, pɛɖɛ-ɩ nɛ hɩla ndɩ ndɩ. Hɩla wena pɛɖɛɣana-ɩ yɔ, anaa yɔ : payaɣa se Dada, pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se samaɣ tɩŋa caa.
Payaɣa-ɩ ɖɔɖɔ se, Dokounnon, pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se, ɛnʋ tɩna ñɩm tɩŋa payɩ nɛ ɛtɛyɩɣ ɛyaa. Ɛ-hɩɖɛ kɩsɛsɛyɛ lɛɛɖɛ yɔ se, Sèmèdo, hɩɖɛ ɖɩnɛ, ɖɩɖɩ tɔbʋʋ kɛlɛ se, kedeŋa kpeekpe wɩlɩyʋ. Patasa Béhanzin caa ɖɛyʋʋ se Aïnon, pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se, tɛtʋ kpeekpe wɩlɩyʋ. Paya-ɩ ɖɔɖɔ se, Jèhossou, pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se, kejisi ndɩ ndɩ tɩŋa sɩnɖʋ. Pɛɖɛyaɣ-ɩ ɖɔɖɔ nɛ hɩla sɔsɔna lɛɛna ndɩ ndɩ.
Kpou kɛkɛŋna Béhanzin caa Kini-Kini kigiluu.
Kpelaɣ ŋga pasaɣ-kɛ nɛ kɛwɛɛna naŋgbanzɩ naadozo nɛ naataŋkpala nɛ pɩsaʋ kʋlʋlʋʋ nɛ lɛɛma ŋgʋ pesiki kisiu yɔ nɛ malɩfa ḿba kɛkɛŋna e-kewiyaɣ ɖoŋ.


text:
Satyajit Ray
Satyajit Ray (mɩsɩkʊm fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 2 pɩnaɣ 1921 ŋtalɩ ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 23 pɩnaɣ 1992). Ɛyʊ ɛnɛyɔ takayasɩ mayʊ nɛ hendu mayʊ bengali Ɛndɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Palʊla-ɩ Kalkuta koboyaɣ ɖɩɣa nakɛyɛ taa, ɛ-caa kɛ takayasɩ mayʊ nɛ ɖɔɖɔ keɣsɩ takayasɩ mayʊ bengali (Sukumar Ray), S. Ray la sukuli Presidency college nɛ pʊcɔ ɛsʊʊ Visva-Bharati, sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ taa, ŋgʊ Rabindranath Tagore kaatʊla Santiniketan tɛtʊ taa yɔ.
Cejewiye kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ wɩlɩɣ se Satyajit Ray talɩɣ ɛzɩ kpaɖɩŋ hiu mbʊ yɔ. Upendrakishore Raychowdhury, Ray cɔzɔ kaakɛ takayasɩ mayʊ nɛ takayasɩ taa kɛlɛmɩŋ lɩzɩyʊ, ɛkɛ ɛyʊ yɔɔ lɩmaɣza kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ tʊ ɛkɛ takayasɩ lɩzɩyʊ nɛ tɩyɩnzɩ yɔɔ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ tʊ. Ɛɛkɛ awiya taa wiyaʊ nɔyʊ Brahmo Samaj tɛtʊ taa, pɩɩkɛ Krɩstʊ ñɩma tɛ Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ ŋgbɛyɛ nɛ ɛyaa mba palʊba lɛzɩtʊ kɔɔ kpaɣɖʊ 19 alɩwaatʊ taa kɛ Bengale yɔ.
Ray, palʊla-ɩ Kalikuta, Sukumar nɛ Suprabha Ray palʊlana-ɩ. Ɛ-caa sɩba lɛ, ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ ɛzɩ natozo mbʊ yɔ nɛ hɔʊ cɛyɩ kɩ-tɩ mbʊ pazɩ Suprabha kaawɛna yɔ. Pʊwayɩ lɛ, Ray la tɔsʊʊ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ Presidency Cɔlɛgɩ sukuli taa kɛ Kalikuta tɛtʊ taa, paa ɛ-liu sɔɔlɩm ewokina-ɩ nɛ nesi tɛɛ keɖeɣa tʊma yɔɔ kɔyɔ. Pʊkɔma pɩnaɣ 194à alɩwaatʊ taa lɛ, e-ɖoo seɣti-ɩ se ɛla sukuli kɛ Visva-Bharati sukuli ŋgʊ Rabindrabath Tagore kaatʊla Santiniketan tɛtʊ taa yɔ. Ray etisi se ɛɖɛɛ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ hɔɔlʊʊ taa lɛ, ɛsɔɔlɩ Kalikuta tɛtʊ nɛ hɔɔlʊʊ lɛɛkʊ lɛ, ɛ-pɩjatʊ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ lɛɛɖɛ yɔ se ɛnʊ wɛ lɔŋ camɩyɛ ɛ-ñʊʊ taa kɛ Santiniketan tɛtʊ taa.
Ray kʊyɩ Santiniketan pɩnaɣ 1943, nɛ pʊcɔ ɛtɛzɩ e-sukuli tʊmɩyɛ pɩnzɩ kɩgbanzɩ taa nɛ ɛpɩsɩ Kalitkuta ɖenɖe pamʊ-ɩ tʊmɩyɛ takayasɩ kɩsʊsasɩ tʊmɩyɛ naɖɩyɛ taa Piritaniiki tɛtʊ taa, D.J.Keymer. Pamʊ-ɩ tʊmɩyɛ nɖɩ ɛzɩ junior visualiser (pʊtɔbʊʊ se lɩzɩyʊ cikpelu) nɛ pɛhɛyɩ-ɩ liidiye nɖɩ payaɣ roupii yɔ kɛ roupii naa 80 fenaɣ sɩkɩ lɛ.
Nɛ ɛzɩma nesi tɛ keɖeɣa tʊmɩyɛ kɛdɩna Ray pɩtɩɩfɛyɩ mbʊ nɛ ɖɔɖɔ sakɩyɛ taa palakaɣ-ɩ camɩyɛ mbʊ lɛ, pʊkɔna kɔkɔɖɛ naɖɩyɛ Piritaniiki ɛyaa nɛ Ɛndɩ ɛyaa hɛkʊ taa (pɛhɛyaɣ kajalaɣ ñɩma ɖeu), nɛ Ray tɔŋ se pɩjama pɛ-kɩyakʊ laɖaa sakɩyɛ. Pʊkɔma ɛzɩ pɩnzɩ 1943 taa lɛ, pamʊ Ray tʊmɩyɛ Signet Press tʊmɩyɛ taa, pɩɩkɛ takayasɩ lɩzʊʊ ɖɩɣa kɩfala nakayɛ ŋga D.K. Gupta kaatʊla yɔ.


text:
Mɔɔʊ
Mɔɔʊ kɛna ɛyʊ ɛsɩndaa taŋgɩyɩ hɔɔlʊʊ nakʊyʊ nɛ kɩwɛ ɛsa nɛ hayʊ ndomiye nɛ lɩkpaɣzasɩ pɛ-hɛkʊ taa. Mɔɔʊ wɛna pɔŋ naalɛ nɛ peeɖe kɛ ɛyʊ feziɣna. Pʊtɔbʊʊ se ɛkpakʊ heelim nɛ awayɩ nɛ ɛsʊzʊ ɛ-taa nɛ pɩcalɩɣ tomnaɣ nɛ pɩtaa anaɣam tɛŋ nɛ pɩkazɩ azulima lɛ, peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ kɛ heelim mbʊ yaa azulima ana aɖaanɩɣna lɩʊ.
Mɔɔʊ wazaɣ tasɩɩna se efezɩ ɛlɛ, ŋgʊ ɖɔɖɔ yɔɔ kɛ ɛyʊy pɩzɩɣ ɛyɔɔdʊ nɛ pɩwɛʊ leleŋ. Ɛyaa nabayɩ mɔɔŋ wɛɛ kpatayaa kpatayaa nɛ laala ñɩŋ wɛɛ sɛŋŋ sɛŋŋ. Mɔɔŋ wɛ mɔɔŋ taa nɛ pɛkɛdɩɣ se, weyi ɛ-mɔɔʊ kaakɩla yɔ, ɛnʊ payawaɣ se Cléopâtre. Sɔdʊʊ ŋgʊ payawaɣ se Blaise Pascal, ɛɖɛyɩ ɛyʊ ɛnʊ ɛmɔɔʊ nɛ ɛtɔŋ se: Yee Cléopatre mɔɔʊ kaatasa wɛʊ tobi kɔyɔ, tɛtʊ kpeekpe kaalɛɛzaa.
Ɛyʊ sʊtʊyʊʊ lɛ, ɛ-mɔɔŋtɛɛ nɔʊ hundʊ. Tʊʊtʊ kpaɣ ɛyʊ lɛ tɩlɩɣna ɛ-mɔɔŋ tɛɛ.


text:
Vladimir Lenin
Vladimir Ilitch Oulianov (Rusii kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ, Bлaди́Mиp Илbи́ч yлbя́HoB), pɛɖɛyɩ-ɩ se Lénine (ЛeHиH), palʊla-ɩ Simbirsk (nɔɔnɔɔ Oulianovsk) ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 22 pɩnaɣ 1870 nɛ ɛsɩ Vichnie Gorki (nɔɔnɔɔ Gorki Leninskie) tɛtʊ taa kɔlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 21 pɩnaɣ 1924. Ɛɛkɛ caɣyɛ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ lɛɛzɩyʊ tʊ, politiki tɔm mayʊ nɛ Ruusii ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊ tʊ.
Pɩkɔma pɩnaɣ 1917, tsar kewiyitu yɔka lɛ, bolchevik waa kpaɣ kewiyaɣ Rusii ɛjaɖɛ taa aloma fenaɣ taa kpɛlɩ lɛzɩtʊ alɩwaatʊ taa. Lenine kewiyaɣ kpaɣtʊ tɩna Ruusii soviyetiki ñɔʊ, kajalaɣ politiki lɩmaɣza alɩzɩ kpɛndɛ tɔm yɔ nɛ pʊwayi yɔ palɩzɩ URSS. Lénine nɛ bolcheviks cɛyɩ pa-tɩ pakandɩ pɛ-tɛ politiki lɩmaɣza tɔm yɔɔ yɔ ŋgʊ palɩzɩ pa-tɩ ajɛyɛ hɛkʊ taa nɛ pɛwɛna ɖɔɖɔ ɖama hɛkʊ taa you.
Oulianov cejewiye, Maria Alexandrovna, Ilia Nikolaïevitch nɛ pe-piyaa, Olga, Maria, Alexandre nɛ Dimitri nɛ Anna nɛ Vladimir. Palʊla Vladimir Oulianov Simbirsk, ɖenɖe ɛ-ñɩma kaacaɣ fenasɩ cabɩ yɔ. Ɛcaɣ ɛyaa lɔŋ ñɩma nabɛyɛ hɛkʊ taa. Ɛzɩ Ilia Oulianov (1831 ŋtalɩ 1886) nɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ ɛ-halʊ yɔ Maria Oulianova, palʊla-ɩ Blank liɖe taa pɩnzɩ 1835 ŋtalɩ 1916), pɛ-tɛ wɛ ndɩ ndɩ, papɩtɩɣ palʊlʊʊ tɔm, kɔzɩ Ilia hɔɔlʊʊ taa. Ilia caa, Nikolaï palʊla-ɩ haɖaa nabɛyɛ liɖe taa nɛ Astrakhan kiŋ. Payaɣa ɛ-cɔzɔ naa se Oulyanine nɛ pʊcɔ pʊwayi yɔ pakpaɣ hɩɖɛ se Oulianov.
Cejewiye nɖɩ pʊwɛ ɛzɩ ɖi-lilaa wɛ Nijni Novgorod egeetiye taa. Yee pakpaɣ Oulianov waa ɛzɩ pɩkɛ Ruusii ɛyaa kɔyɔ, Nijni Novgorod wɛʊna kɩkpɛndʊʊ natʊyʊ nɛ pɩwɛɛ ɛzɩ cejewiye ndɩ tchouvache waa yaa mordve waa liɖe kaawɛ ɖɩ-taa. Paasɩŋ Lenine cɛjɛ hɔɔlʊʊ taa neze liɖe keeke. Maria, Lenine kɔɔ kɛlɛ, kaatisa pɔ-cɔzɔ cejewiye kaawɛna tatar calɩm, pe-neze ñaakɛ kamouke yaa kirghize. Maria Oulianova nɛ Moshe Blank cɔzɔ kaakɛ Yuda pɛdɩyaa nabɛyɛ tɛ nɛ palɩna Volhynie kiŋ.
Cɔzɔ sɔsɔ Ilia Nikolaïevitch Oulianov, vassili, ɛɛkɛ haɖʊ weyi ɛtapɩzɩɣ se ekizi ɛ-tɛtʊ yɔ, mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ ɛkɛ yom weyi ɛwɛ ɛ-tɩ yɔɔ pʊcɔ lɛɛzɩtʊ pɩnaɣ 1861 talɩ yɔ. Ilia caa lakaɣ ñɛyɩtʊ tʊmɩyɛ Astrakhan, nɛ Ilia maɣmaɣ lakaɣ tɩlɩyɛ sukuli sɔsɔʊ. Ɛmʊ sukuli waɖɛ takayaɣ pɩnaɣ 1854 lɛ, ehiɣ sukuli wɩlɩɣ tʊmɩyɛ Penza tɛtʊ taa. Peeɖe ɛkakɩ Marie Alexandrovna Blank, weyi ɛlaba-ɩ halʊ kɩyɛna fenaɣ pɩnaɣ 1863.
Ɛpazɩ ɛsɔɔlɩ Rusii Ampiiri tɛ ɛsɩnda ɖɛnaʊ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ tɔm mbʊ lɛ, ɛpɩsɩ wiliu tʊmɩyɛ tʊ sukuli naa taa. Hɔʊ ŋgʊ kɩwɛna pɩyaa lutozo. Anna, palʊla-ɩ pɩnaɣ 1864, Alexandre, palʊla-ɩ pɩnaɣ 1866, ɛwayɩ palʊla Vladimir palʊlɩ-ɩ, palʊla ɛlɛ maɣmaɣ pɩnaɣ 1870. Vladimir wayi palʊla, Olga pɩnaɣ 1871, Dmitri pɩnaɣ 1874 nɛ Maria pɩnaɣ 1878. Piyaa naalɛ hɔʊ kʊnɛyɔ ki-nesi tɛɛ sɩba pɩcatʊ taa. Halɩpɩɣa paaya ɖɔɖɔ se Olga pɩnaɣ 1868 nɛ abalɩpɩɣa Nikolaï pɩnaɣ 1873.


text:
N̄ɩɣlɩm sika
Ñɣlɩm sika kɛna élément chimique nɛ kɩ-mayaɣ kɛna 79 ŋga. Mayɩsɩ lɛɛsɩ hɛkʊ taa lɛ, payaɣ-kɛ tobi taa yem se Au. Ñɩɣlɩm sika kɛna kɛwɛ ɖeu kamaɣ fɛyɩ nɛ paa anɩ ɛsɔɔla se ɛwɛna-kɛ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ ŋga palakɩn a liidiya nɛ kɛkɛna acana pʊyʊ ɖooo lɔŋ taa ɖɔɖɔ.
Pʊcɔ nɛ ñɩɣlɩm sika kɛna pamakɩ-kɛ nɛ kañɩlɩzɩʊ pɛlɛ pɛlɛ lɛ kaawɛ ɛzɩ putoo yaa kesi tɩyɛ yɔ yaa ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ pʊʊɖɛ yɔ. Ñɩlɩm sika ŋga kalɩna kaaŋ weyi tɛʊ tɔɔ-ɩ nɛ ɛ-taa kaawɛ ñɩɩtʊ ndʊ yɔ. Ñɩlɩm sika kanɛ kɛwɛ ndɩ ndɩ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ kɛwɛ caaɣ yɔ: kapɩzɩɣ kɛkɛ filon, ñɩɣlɩm pʊnɛ pʊbʊ ñalɩɣna kaaŋ ultrabasique taa nɛ ɖɔɖɔ lɩm ɖɔŋna ñɩzɩɣ kaaŋ pazɩ pazɩ nɛ pikpeɣli nɛ pɩpɩsɩ sika.
Ñɩlɩm sika ŋga patatɩɩlubita-yɔ, kɛwɛ ɖeu nɛ papɩzɩɣ pamɩlɩtɩ-kɛ yaa polubi-kɛ mbʊ pɔsɔɔlaa yɔ; pɩtasɩ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, pɩkɛna ñɩɣñɩʊ ŋgʊ kɩsa miŋsiŋŋŋ kuhukuu yɔ. Pɩkɛna ñɩɣʊyʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩwɛ ɛzɩ sʊtʊ lɩm yɔ nɛ kɩɩmʊʊkalɩkɔdaɣ yɔ, paa kɩɩwɛ lɩm taa yaa awayɩ yem kɔyɔ. Mbʊ yebina kpem nɛ ñɩɣlɩm sika ŋga paa anɩ ɛsɔɔlɩ kɔ-tɔm ɛzɩ pʊyʊ yɔ.
Ɖooo ɛzɩ pɩlɩɣ ñɩɣlɩm sika kanɛ kɔyɔɔ nɛ papaɣzɩ-kɛ huyuu yɔ, pakpaɣ nɛ pamaɣzɩ nɛ pʊkɔɔ pɩsɩɩna pɩnaɣ 2010 kɔyɔ pɩɖɛ ɛzɩ tɔɔnɩwaa 166 000 yɔ. Pɔtɔma se pamaɣzɩɣna sikiɖi pɔɔyʊʊ kɔyɔ, ɖaalakɩŋ hɔɔlʊ kʊɖʊmʊʊ ɖɛ ɛzɩ mɛtanaa nɛɛlɛ yɔ.
Keteŋa kpeekpe taa lɛ, Afrika Hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ kaakɛŋna ɖenɖe ñɩɣlɩm sika kanɛ kaakɩla wɛʊ yɔ. Ɛlɛ sɔnɔ taa yɔ Siini ɛjaɖɛ ɖɛ-ɖɩ nɔɔ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, ɖɩna ɖɩ-ɛjaɖɛ taa kɛ filon pʊɖɔɔ siŋŋŋ. Pɩtɛkɛ Siini ɖeke, mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ ajɛya cabɩ wɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ.
Ñɩɣlɩm sɩka kanɛ maawʊʊ yaa ñɩɣlɩm momoɖe taa kɛ palakɩ ka-tʊmɩyɛ.


text:
Heu
Heu kɛ ɖɩɣa kpɩnɛ ŋɖɩ ɖɩtɔkɩ ñɩtʊ yɔ. Heu pɩlɩʊ taa mba payaɣ se kaprɩnɛ waa. Palɩna pɩlɩʊ sɔsɔʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa yɔ, kʊkʊ payaɣ se povidɛ waa pɩlɩʊ. Heŋ sʊʋ kpoŋ tɛɛ. Yolim taa lɛ, paɖɩɩɣ-ɩ hula taa se ɛɛtaatɔɔ tɔɔnasɩ nɛ lʊŋgʋyɛ lɛ pɛhɛɖɩ-ɩ nɛ peyele mbʊ yɔ, pa-ñɩtʊ fɛyɩ, tɩwɩlaa, pʊ-yɔɔ peyeki-i se ɛñɩnɩ ɛ-maɣmaɣ mbʊ ɛtɔɔ-yɔ. Heu pʊwa payaɣ se heɣa. Halɩñɩŋa payaɣ se hɩyaɣ nɛ abalɩñɩŋa lɛ ɛyaʊ. Heu wɛ kajalaɣ kpɩna wena ɛyaa lɛɣ pazʋʋ ɖɔʊ yɔ a-taa. Pasama heu nɛ ɛ-tɛ hɩlɩm mbʊ pʊwazɩɣ nɛ palakɩna waagaasɩ yɔ pʋ-yɔɔ.
Pɔtɔkɩ heu nandʊ, ɛ-tɔnʋʋ wazɩɣ ɖɔɖɔ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩnɛ. Ɛ-hʊndʊ wazɩɣ sakɩyɛ. Palʋʋ-tʋ nɛ nima. Ɛ-ñɩhɩŋ wɛ wazaɣ ɖɔɖɔ. Ɛnʋʋ pamakɩna kpaŋkoŋ. Ɛ-gbɛm wazɩɣ ɖɔɖɔ. Ndʋʋ pasandɩɣna kɔndɔnaa nɩŋgdanzɩ tɛɛ. Heu kɛ kpɩnɛ nɖɩ ɖɩtɛma tɔɔʊ kɔyɔ, ɖɩcakɩ se ɖɩhɛzɩɣ lɛ, ɖɩpɩzɩɣ ɖihoo mbʋ ɖɩtɔwaa yɔ ɖɩkpazɩ ɖɩ-nɔɔ taa nɛ ɖɩpazɩ tɔɔʊ. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se ɖiliki ñɩtʋ sakɩyɛ alɩwaatʋ ndʋ ɖihikiɣ-tʋ yɔ. Ɖɩɩhɛzɩɣ lɛ, ɖihoo-tʋ nɛ ɖɩpazɩ tɔɔʋ. Heu kɛ ɖɩɣa kpɩnɛ, ɛyʋ takpa heu nɛ lakʋ taa nɛ ɛkɔna ɛɖɔɔ ɖɩɣa. Heu wɛna naŋgbanzɩ naanza nɛ paa naŋgbaŋgaɣ ŋga lɛ, kɛwɛɛna aca naalɛ. Heŋ cɩkpaŋ payaɣ se aca. Aca ana a-yɔɔ ɛfɛyɩɣ nɛ ɛɖɔŋ. Heŋ ɖɔɖɛ wɛ wazaɣ siŋŋ ɛzakuliye nɔmʊʋ taa. Pɔɖɔʋ heŋ paa ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa. Ajɛya wena a-taa pakɩlɩɣ heŋ ɖɔʋ yɔ, anaa yɔ: Kewiyaɣ Kɩkpɛndaɣ, Ositraalii, Patagonɩ, Seelandɩ Kɩfalʋʋ. Heu kɛ kpɩnɛ kajalaɣ ñɩnɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩsɩɣna haɖaʊ hɔɔlʋʊ taa yɔ. Heu wɛ wazaɣ sɩŋŋ ɛyʊ wezuu caɣʊ taa. Heu pɩndʋ kɛ huɖe siŋŋ haɖaʊ hɔɔlʋʋ taa. Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ kpaamɩŋ taa ɖɔɖɔ heu wɛna wazaɣ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ, kɔkɔ kɔzɩ malɩŋ cɔlɔ, mbʋ yɔ, hɩyaʋ Ɛsɔ wɩlɩ ɖɔ-cɔzɔ Abriham nɛ ɛlɛ kpaɣ nɛ ɛlaa-ɩ kɩlaʋ.


text:
Didier Drogba
Palʋla pombo maɖʋ sɔsɔ weyi payaɣ se, Didier Drogba yɔ lakɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ hiu nɛ kʋɖʋmʋʋ (11) wiye, pɩnaɣ 1978 taa. Palʋla-ɩ Kootidiivʊwarɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa, Abijan tɛtʋ taa. Didier Drogba makɩ pombo kedeŋa kpeekpe ajɛya tɩŋa taa. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se, ɛkɛ pombo maɖʋ sɔsɔ siŋŋ. Paa ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ, ɖɩñɩnɩɣ se ɛwɛɛ ɖi-pombo maɖaa taa.
Didier Drogba paɣzɩ pombo mabʋ tʋmɩyɛ Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa pombo maɖaa tikaɣ ŋga payaɣ se « Mans Union Club 72 » yɔ, ka-taa maɖaa taa Didier Drogba paɣzɩ e-pombo mabʋ.
Paɖʋ Didier Drogba pombo maɖaa tikaɣ ŋga payaɣ se « Chelsea FC » yɔ ka-taa maɖaa taa pɩnaɣ 2004 ñɩŋa taa. Ɛkɔma ɛkɛ pombo maɖaa tikaɣ ŋ́ga ka-taa maɖaa mankpaɖaa waa taa nɔɔyʋ.
Didier Drogba mʋ pombo mabʋ nimiye kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 2011 nɛ puwolo pɩnaɣ 2012 ñɩŋa taa. Alɩwaatʋ ndʋ tɩ-taa lɛ, Didier Drogba makaɣ pombo kɛ Ɛŋglisi ɛjaɖɛ pombo maɖaa tikaɣ taa. Ɛkɔma nɛ ɛɖɛɛ lɛ, mba peseɣtiɣ pombo maɖaa tikaɣ ŋ́ga ka-taa pombo maɖaa yɔ, pakpaɣ-ɩ se, ɛnʋ kɛŋna pombo maɖaa tikaɣ ŋ́ga ka-taa pombo maɖʋ kɩkpaɖʋ tikaɣ ŋ́ga ka-taa pombo maɖaa tɩŋa taa. Pakpaɣ pombo maɖʋ sɔsɔ Didier Drogba se ɛkɛ Afrɩka ajɛya tɩŋa payɩ taa pombo maɖaa kɩkpaɖaa taa tʋ nɔɔyʋ.
Didier Drogba wɛ ɛ-ɛjaɖɛ Koti Ivʋwarɩ pombo maɖaa tikaɣ taa kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 2002 nɛ puwolo pɩsɩɩna pɩnaɣ 2014. Alɩwaatʋ ndʋ tɩ-taa, mba pɔcɔŋna nɛ pɔtɔzʋʋ nɛ palɩzɩɣ pombo maɖaa yɔ, pakpaɣ Didier Drogba se ɛkɛ Koti Ivʋwarɩ ɛjaɖɛ pombo maɖaa ñʋʋdʋ. Toovenum lɛ, Didier Drogba kɩlaɣna kpaɣla ɖʋzʋʋ pombo maɖaa tikaɣ ŋ́ga ka-taa pombo maɖaa tɩŋa payɩ taa


text:
Regee
Regee kɛ minziiki nakʊyʊ ŋgʊ kɩlɩ kpaɣ pɩnzɩ 1960 tɛmtʊ alɩwaatʊ taa yɔ, kɩkɛ minziiki ŋgʊ kɩkɩlɩ tɔyʊʊ Jamayiki ɛyaa tɛ yɔ. Pɩlɩna ɛzɩma kɩɖɛ nɛ ɛsɩnda lɔŋ lɔŋ yɔ lɛ, pakɩlɩ-kʊ sɔɔlʊʊ kadeŋa kpeekpe taa. Regee ŋgʊ kɩkɛ Jamayiki ɛyaa kɩkpɛdaa ŋgbɛyɛ naɖɩyɛ. Kɛlɛ ɛyaa kɩkpɛdaa mba ɛzɩ Bobo Shanti mbʊ yɔ taasɔɔlɩ pa nɛ yɔ papa.
Kɛlɛ paa mbʊ yɔ kɩ-yendu teyaa tɩŋa sakɩyɛ kɔhɔkaɣ pɔ-ñɔsɩ ɛzɩ kpaŋ tɩnaa nɛ payaɣ-wɛ se rasta ɛyaa, nɛ pɩkɛ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ rasta ɛyaa tɩŋaɣnaɣ nɛ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ pɔ-tɔm yɔ.
Tɔm kpou ŋgʊ ɖɩyaɣ se Larousse yɔ lɩzɩɣ regee tɔbʊʊ se ɖɩnɩɩ se pɩkɛ Jamayiki ɛyaa tɛ soo maɖɛ naɖɩyɛ, ɖɩñɔ kpaɣ pɩnzɩ 1960 tɛmtʊ wɛɛ taa, kɩ nɛ ska nɛ calypso pɛkpɛndɩna ɖama, kɛlɛ papa lɩɩna naatozo kpɛndʊʊ taa pa nɛ blu nɛ rock nɛ roll Amerika nɛ hayi kiŋ taa. Kajalaɣ taa lɛ, ment kaakɛna ɖɛ-tɛ soo, ska nɛ rocksteady nɛ regee pamʊ mento mbʊ kiliu kaawɛɛ se kɩlakɩ yɔ, nesi taa cɩmʊʊ yaa anasaayɩ cɩmʊʊ ŋgʊ ɖɩyaɣ kitar nɛ pɛlɛɛzɩ ɖɔɖɔ hendu tetu natʊyʊ naa.
Panɩ regee taŋ Jamayiki ɛjaɖɛ kpaɣ pɩnzɩ 1960 tɛmtʊ alɩwaatʊ taa pɩtɩŋna m inziiki tʊmɩyɛ tɩnaa nabɛyɛ yɔɔ. Ŋgʊ tɩnaa ɛyaa kpeekpe kɩkpɛndʊʊ tɔm nɛ ɖama taa siduu tɔm. Ska nɛ rocksteady lɩna anasaayɩ naa cɔlɔ, pɩɩkɛ minziiki ŋgʊ yoma lakaɣnaɣ kʊ-tʊmɩyɛ yɔ (polka, mazurka, scottish, quadrille, pɩɩwɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ sɔɔjanaa soo pɩ nɛ soo sɔsɔnaa).


text:
Kootidiivʊwarɩ
Kootidiivʊwarɩ ɛjaɖɛ wɛ Afrɩka nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ hɔɔlʊʊ taa nɛ ɖɩwɛ afrika ɛjɛya kɩkpɛndɩɣ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se Uniyɔɔ Afrikɛnɩ yɔ ɖɩ-taa. Ɖɩwalanzɩ taa maɣna ɛzɩ kilomɛta agbaba 322 462 yɔ. Ajɛya wena awɛ kamasɩ yɔɔ yɔ ana yɔ: hayɩ kɩŋ lɛ, Maalii nɛ Purkina Fasoo ajɛya, piyele nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa lɛ Liibeeriya nɛ Kiinee ajɛya, wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ hɔɔlɩyɛ taa lɛ Kana tɛtʊ nɛ yee pɩkɛ hadɛ kɩŋ kɔyɔ Atɩlantiiki lɩm kamʊʊ ñɛwɛna ɖɩnɛ.
Pɩnaɣ 2012 taa pamaɣza Kootidiivʊwarɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa ɛyaa lɛ, pɛkpɛndɩ ɛzɩ 25 232 905 yɔ. Kootidiivʊwarɩ ejaɖɛ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ kɔyɔ Yamusokro (Abɩɩjaŋ) nɛ akʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ peeɖe ɛyaa yɔɔdɩɣ yɔ lɛ fransɩ. Piyele pe-liidiye kʊtɔɔyɛ kɔyɔ fraŋ-seefa. Ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩwɛ afrika liidiye ajɛya kɩkpɛndɩɣ nɖɩ payaɣ se CEDEAO yɔ ɖɩtaa. Kpaɣ ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1843 kɛ Fransɩɩ paɣza Kootidiivʊwari ɛjaɖɛ kpacayʊ nɛ pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩ kɩyɛɛna fenaɣ lʊbɛ pɩnaɣ 1960 lɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩpaɣzɩ ɖɩ-tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊ nɛ kacalaɣ ñʊʊtʊ yɔ Félix Houphouët-Boigny.
Pahayɩɣ kɔfɩ nɛ kaakawoo nɛ Afrika wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa payɩ lɛ, ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ pɩtɔtɔyɩna-ɖɩ. Kpaɣ pɩnzɩ 1990 taa lɛ, you nakʊyʊ lɩ peeɖe ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ kɩfɛyɩ tɛm pɩkkɔɔ pɩsɩɩna se Félix Houphouët-Boigny sɩba pɩnzɩ naatozo wayɩ. Pɩnaɣ 2000 taa pɔtɔ caca lɛ, palɩzɩ ñʊʊtʊ kɩfalʊ se ɛsɔ ɛwɛɛ kɔyɔ pɩhɛɛ ɛlɛ pɩɩsaŋ pɩkɔɔ pɩsɩɩna se salaŋ fenaɣ 19 pɩnaɣ 2002 lɛ, sɔɔjanaa nɛ samaɣ pakʊyɩ ɖama yɔɔ. Lakɩŋ fenaɣ nanza wiye lɛ, pekpeelɩ Purkiina Fasoo ɛjaɖɛ ta kɛ Wagaadugu tɛtʊ taa se pakpaɣ paɣtʊ nɛ peyele you. Peeɖe ɛya kpɛndɩ miliyɔɔnaa 25,2 kɛ mbʊ yɔ.


text:
Rushmore Pʋʋ
Tɔm kpom yaa cee yɔɔ tɔzʋʋ takayaɣ kedeŋa kpeekpe ŋga Rushmore Pʋʋ kɛ payaɣna Englɩsɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa size Mount Rushmore National Memorial. Rushmore Pʋʋ kʋnɛ, kɩwɛna Dakota kewiyaɣ nɛ ka-hadɛ hɔɔlʋʋ taa kiŋ. Kɔn̄ɔtana tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ ndʋ payaɣtʋ Rapid City.
Pʋwɛ size ɖɩtɩlɩ size Rushmore Pʋʋ yaa piyaɣ kanɛ kɛwɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ size Etaazuunii ɖɩ-taa kɛnɛ. Pʋʋ ŋgʋ kɩkɛ sɩɣʋgbelasɩ kɩ-saɣʋsɩ yɔɔ tɔzʋʋ lone. Rushmore Pʋʋ kʋnɛ kɩwɛ putoo kaaʋ wɛtʋ. Putoo kaaʋ ŋgʋ kɩwɛ kewiyaɣ kadaɣ tɔm kpom hɛkʋ taa kɛ Etaazuunii ɛjaɖɛ taa.
Ŋgʋ ɖanɩɣna labʋ nɛ pɔtɔzʋʋ caanaʋ ɛjaɖɛ tɔm pɩnzɩ mɩnʋʋ nɛ nɩɩnɩwa (150) n̄ɩnzɩ nzɩ sɩdɛma ɖɛʋʋ yɔ. Sɩɣʋgbelasɩ kɩ-saɣʋsɩ sɩnɛ, sɩ-kʋkʋyɩmɩŋ yaa nsɩ-ɖalakɩŋ taa talɩɣ ɛzɩ, mɛtɛnaa hiu nɛ nutozo(18) mbɩ yɔ. Ɖɩɖɔkɩ size, Etaazuunii ɛjaɖɛ tɛ n̄ʋʋŋ tɩnaa yaa mba paɣca kewiyaɣ pkelaɣ yɔɔ yɔ, mba pama sɩɣʋgbelasɩ tɩyɛ pɩwɛ pɛ-ɛjaɖɛ taa peɖe. Pɩkɛna wɛ yɔɔ cee yɔɔ tɔzʋʋ wondu.
N̄ʋʋndɩnaa nabɛyɛ hɩla yɔ nɛ paɣlɩwaatʋ kewiyaɣ kpelaɣ yɔɔ:
- Ɖajaa George Washington (1732-1799)
- Ɖajaa Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826)
- Ɖajaa Theodore Roosevelt (1858-1919)
- Dajaa Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865)
Ɖajaa George Washington