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Sahara Kañɩnbʊsaɣ
Sahara kɛna kañɩmbʊsaɣ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ ndʊ tɩwɛna Afrɩka keteŋa hɔɔlʊ nɛ kɩhayʊ kɩŋ yɔ. Kpaɣ wɩsɩ ɖʊɖuyɛ teŋʊ yaa Atlantika lɩŋgamʊ pɩwolo pɩsɩna teŋʊ kɩsɛɛmʊ lɛ, kɛdɛ ɖaalakɩŋ taa makɩɣna ɛzɩ kilomɛtanaa 7500. Pamaazɩ-tʊ tɩ tɛ ɖaalakɩŋ kpɛɛɛ nɛ pʊcɔɔ pɩta yɔ, pɩlakɩ kɩlomɛta ɛgbɔŋ hiu nɛ naalɛ. Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩwɛ mbʊ pɩɖɛ teŋʊ lɛɛkʊ kɩsɛɛmʊ yɔɔ nɛ tɛtʊ maɣzɩya ñɔtɔŋ se pɩkɛ sahara nɛ Arabiya kañɩmbʊsaɣ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩfaɣ Afrika wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ kpaɣ nɛ Senegalɩ pɔɔ kidiiliŋ yɔɔ pʊkɔɔ pɩtalɩ Mongolia ɛjaɖɛ taa yɔ.
Sahara kañɩnbʊsaɣ kɛnɛ wɩlɩŋ nɛ sʊŋgaɣ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ kɛ kedenga kpeekpe yɔɔ.Tɩtɛyʊ Afrika keteŋa, kpaɣ kɩhayʊ ŋwolo ŋsɩɩna kɩhadɛ. Tɩwalɩ pɩŋŋŋ pɩkɔ pɩtalɩ ɛzɩ ajɛya hiu kɛ mbʊ yɔ. Ajɛya anaa lɛ: Alizeerii, Tuniizii, Marɔkɩ, Liiberiya, Egipiti, Sudaanɩ, Caadɩ, Nizɛɛrɩ, Maalii, Moritaanii nɛ Sahara Wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩyɔɔ hɔmtʊ wɛ tɩyɔɔ kpaɖɩɩɩ halɩ nɛ sɔnɔ yɔ. Ŋcɔnaa kɔyɔ, kañɩnbʊsaɣ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩtaa, ɖenɖe kañɩnga wɛɛ yɔ, pɩkpaɣ hɔɔlɩŋ ɛzɩ 20% yɔ ɛlɛ pɩtaakɛ mbʊ ɛyaa kamaɣzaɣ. Nʊmɔʊ woɖaa sakɩyɛ sɩma mbʊ kañɩnbʊsa kañɩnbʊsaɣ ɛjaɖɛ kɛnaa yɔ.
Kañɩnbʊsasɩ pʊʊŋ weyi payaɣ se Grand Erg oriental ne Grand Erg Occidental yɔ. Pɩwɛɛ mbʊ lɛ nɔɔyʊ ekeŋna pʊʊ taa ñɩndʊ cɔlɔ. Ɖɩkpaɣ ɛzɩ Hoogar, Tassiili, Tibɛstɩa yɔ nɛ ɛhaɣsɩ lona yaa kañɩŋa pɛ lona. Kañɩn-piisi kpaʊ nɛ tibu, ɛwaɣsɩ nɛ pʊʊŋ Tadrart nɛ Acacusta; mbʊ pʊ wɛ sahara kañɩnbʊsaɣ ŋga kɛwɛ Liibia ɛjaɖɛ wɩsɩ ɖ,ɩɖʊyɛ nɛ nɖɩ ɖɩwɛ ɖɩ-hadɛ kiŋ taa...
Arabia kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ, sahar tɔbʊ kɛlɛ se kañɩnbʊsaɣ. Nɛ paa kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ kɩsɩma mbʊ se Afrika tɛ kañɩnbʊsaɣ ŋga payaɣ mbʊ.Tiniri hɩɖɛ tɔbʊ se kañɩnbʊsaɣ tamacheque kʊnʊŋ taa. ŋgʊ kɛna tʊwaarɛg mɛwɛ mɛndɛ wa kʊnʊŋ nɛ hɩɖɛ kɛ Tʊwaɖɛg waa mba paha sahara wɩlɩŋ kɩkɩlɩŋ hɔɔlɩŋ taa nakʊyʊ Nigɛrɩ nɛ kɩ-hayʊ kɩŋ taa mba.
Kañɩnbʊsaɣ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩkɩlɩna walʊ nɛ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ ndʊ pasɩma se tɩkɛ kañɩmbʊsaɣ paaa mbʊ yɔ wɩlɩŋ sɔsɔŋ wɛ peeɖe sɩŋŋŋ (tɛʊ nɩɣ ceeka ñɩɩɩ yem ɛlɛ kɩnɩɣ naayɔɔ ɖoŋ ɖoŋ). Pʊwayɩ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, ɖɩnaɣ wɩlɩŋ tɛtʊ lone lɛɛɖɛ, tʊtʊtaa lɛ, pɔsɩ taa ɖeke kɛ papɩzɩɣ pana tɩŋ nɛ ñɩtʊ pazɩ. Lona lɛɛna taa lɛ, wɩlɩŋ maɣnaa nɛ tɛʊ nɩɣ pɩna,g taa ɛzɩ milimɛtaa naa ɛzɩ 50 mbʊ yɔ nɛ tɩŋ yaa hɔɔlɩŋ weyi ɛtaa tɩŋ kɩlɩ wɛʊ yɔ, ɛnʊ lɛ Oueds waa taa. Ɛtaa wɩlɩŋ takɩlɩ yaa nikaɣ takɩlɩ ɖɔɖɔ sɩŋŋŋ. Hɔɔlʊʊ kɩkpɩlɩɣ ŋgʊ ka-taa wɩlɩŋ kɩlaa yɔ, ɖɩpɩzɩɣ ɖɩna Sahara, Arabiya, Syria kañɩnbʊsaɣ (Syria, Jordania nɛ Irakia), Dasht-e kavir (Iran), Dasht-e Lut (Irania), Thar (India) nɛ pɩkpaɣ pɩtalɩ Asia hɛkʊ nɛ hɛkʊ taa (Karaboum, KyzylKum nɛ Chine tɛtʊ taa lɛ panaɣ Taklamakan nɛ Gobi kañɩnbʊsaɣ ɛjaɖɛ.
Mbʊ pʊkɔŋna wɩlɩŋ ɛnʊ yɔ, mbʊ lɛ se heelim mbʊ pɩmakɩ nɛ pɩkɔŋna tɛŋ yɔ, pɩfɛyɩ: hayʊ heelim nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ mbʊ, nɛ wɩlɩŋ ɛnʊ ɛkɔŋnana lʊŋɩyɛ kadadayaɣ nɛ pɩleeɖuu kamaɣ tatɩɩɩ fɛyɩ ɖɔɖɔ.


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Kɩbɩnjaazɩ Krɛsɩ
Tɔmpiye kɩbɩjaazɩ Krɛkɩ ɖɩkɛ ɖooo kɩbɩjaazɩ Krɛkɩ tɛ ɛsakuliye ɛyaa nɛ tɩlɩtʊ tɛ ɛyaa. Ɖɩnɩɣ keeke kɔyɔ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ kɩbɩjaazɩ Krɛkɩ tɔm lɛ, pɩkɛ Krɛkɩ kɩlɛɣzʊʊ yaa cɔlɩɩ tɛ Krɛkɩ, kɔzɩ kɔzɩ kpaɣɖʊ 5 alɩwaatʊ pʊcɔ palʊlɩ Yeesu Chrɩstʊ tɛ Athènes. Tanɩm nɛ sɔndʊʊ tɔm alɩwaatʊ nɛ kpaɖʊ 4 pʊcɔ palʊlɩ Yeesu Chrɩstʊ, Platon nɛ Aristote pɛ-tɛ alɩwaatʊ.
Sakɩyɛ taa lɛ, Krɛkɩ lɔŋ laɣsɩ paɣlɩɣ lɔŋ lɔŋ. Takayasɩ maʊ taa kɩpaɣlaa panɛyɔ Iliade nɛ ɖɔɖɔ Odyssée kpaɣnɛ pɩfɛyɩ pekpoo kɛ kpaɣɖʊ 8 alɩwaatʊ pʊcɔ palʊlɩ Yeesu Chrɩstʊ. Ɛsakuliye ndɩ ɖɩsɩɣ ɖoŋ siŋ kpaɖɩŋ weyi ɛtɩŋgaɣ yɔ, alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɖɩ-wala sakɩyɛ halɩ pɩtalɩ ageeta lɛɛnaa taa.
Wɩsɩ Ɖɩlɩyɛ ɛjaɖɛ taa, Alexandre kɩkɩlʊʊ tʊ yoŋ wabɩtʊ alɩwaatʊ wayɩ lɛ, Krɛkɩ ɛsakuliye sʊ ɖooo kɩbɩm ñɩnɖɛ taa se pɩsa nɛ palɩzɩ Room kewiɣsi tɛ ɛsakuliye.
Hɛkʊ taa ɛwadɩyɛ tɛ fɛʊ taa lɛ, Krɛkɩ ɛsakuliye laba tʊmɩyɛ siŋ kɔzɩ kɔzɩ ɛzɩma ɖɩpɩza nɛ ɖɩhiɣ yuŋ yaa ɖoŋ weyi Roma taa yɔ, ɖenɖe Krɛkɩ kʊnʊŋ pɩsa tɩlɩyɛ tɛ ɛyaa kʊnʊŋ, nɛ ɖoŋ tʊmɩyɛ ndɩ ɖɩlakaɣ arabɩ malɩŋ ɛsɔ sɛtʊ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛjaɖɛ ndɩ ɖɩ-ɖɩ ñalɩzɩ nɛ arabɩ kʊnʊŋ taa Krɛkɩ takayasɩ sakɩyɛ.
Pamazɩɣ se mba kɛna ɛyʊ yɔɔ maɣzɩm kɩɖe tɩnaa (ɛyaa mba pʊcɔ Socrate alɩwaatʊ yɔ, Socrate maɣmaɣ nɛ Platon nɛ Aristote nɛ ŋgbaɣ ndɛ mbʊ yɔ). Mba lubina cɔlʊʊ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ, pamaɣzɩɣ se mba tʊlɩna lɔŋ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ tɔm piye piye ñɩnʊʊ (tomnasɩ dɔnɛ tɛ kpɛlɛkʊʊ nɛ akɔnta labʊ kpɛlɛkʊʊ nɛ tɩyɩnzɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊma). Krɛkɩ matʊ hiɣ pɩfɛyɩ pekpoo tɩlasɩ ŋñɩɩ, pɩtatalɩ ɖoŋ ɛzɩ pamazɩyaa Room mba yɔ.
Yomaa kpaʊ tʊmɩyɛ kɛpʊdʊʊ yuŋ tʊ weyi ɛtɩna kɩbɩnjaazɩ Krɛkɩ tɛ paɣlaka kɛ kɩbɩnjaazɩ alɩwaatʊ tɩŋga taa. Krɛkɩ taa maɣzɩm tɩnaa laɖaa nabɛyɛ ɛzɩ Aristote mbʊ yɔ tɔŋ se yomaa kpaʊ tʊmɩyɛ kiɖe tɛ kaʊ ŋgʊ kɩtɩna Krɛkɩ ɛjaɖɛ, ŋgʊ lalaa ñɔtɔndʊʊ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ ndɛ.

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ƖSƐƔƐLƖ
PAASƎNLAA
TƆM TAKƎLAƔA
Kʋtʋlʋtʋ
Tɑkǝlɑɣɑ kɑnɛ kɑ tɑɑ kɛ́ tǝ nɑɑkɩ ɩsǝnɑ Ɩsɛɣɛlɩ nyǝ́mɑ yelɑ Ɩsɔ kɛ́ Kɑnɑɑŋ tɛtʋ tɑɑ tɔ. Pɑ nɔɣɔ tɔɔ tʋ Yosuwee sǝpɑ. Ɩlɛ pɑ fɛɩnɑ pɑɑsǝnlʋ. Pɑɑ wei ɩ lɑkɑɣɑ ɩsǝnɑ ɩ cɑɑkɩ tɔɣɔ. Amɑ wɑɑtʋ wei pɑ nɩɩkɩ pɑ ɩsɑɣɑtʋ sɔŋ ɩlɛnɑ pɑ́ kɛɛsǝnɑ Ɩsɔ tɔɔ nɑ pɑ́ wii. Ɩsɔ nɑɑkɩ pɑ pǝtɔɔtǝlɛ, ɩlɛnɑ ɩ́ lǝsǝɣɩ pɑɑsǝnlɑɑ nɑ pɑ́ wɑɑsǝɣɩ-wɛ.
Ɩsǝnɑ pɑ fɑɣɑ Pɑɑsǝnlɑɑ tɑkǝlɑɣɑ tɔ:
Ɩsɛɣɛlɩ nyǝ́mɑ sʋʋʋ kɛ Kɑnɑɑŋ nɑ Yosuwee sǝm, titite 1:1–2:10
Ɩsɛɣɛlɩ pɑɑsǝnlɑɑ, titite 2:11–16:31
Ɩsɛɣɛlɩ nyǝ́mɑ liɣituɣu, titite 17–21
1
Ɩsɛɣɛlɩ nyǝ́mɑ cɑɣɑʋ kɛ Kɑnɑɑŋ tɛtʋ tɑɑ
1 Yosuwee sǝm wɑɑlɩ kɛ́ Ɩsɛɣɛlɩ nyǝ́mɑ pɔɔsɑ Tɑcɑɑ sɩ pɑ nyǝŋ pɑ kpekɑ tɑɑ nte tɩɩ yoonnɑ Kɑnɑɑŋ nyǝ́mɑ kɛ kɑncɑɑlɑɣɑ tɔ. 2 Ntɛnɑ Tɑcɑɑ sɩ: Yutɑ nyǝntɛ kɛ́. Mpi tɔ, pɛlɛ pɑ niŋ tɑɑ kɛ́ mɑ tʋ tɛtʋ.
3 Mpʋɣʋlɛ Yutɑ kpekǝle nyǝ́mɑ tɔmɑ Simiyɔŋ kpekǝle nyǝ́mɑ sɩ: Ɩ́ kɔɔ nɑ ɩ́ sǝnɑ-tʋ nɑ tǝ́ yoonɑ Kɑnɑɑŋ nyǝ́mɑ nɑ tǝ́ lɛɛkɩ tɛtʋ nti Tɑcɑɑ kɑ́ hɑ-tʋ tɔ. Ye tǝ tɛmɑ tǝnɑ, ɩlɛ tɑ́ɑ́ kɔɔ nɑ tǝ́ sǝnɑ-mɛ nɑ tǝ́ lɛɛkɩ mǝ nyǝntʋ.
Mpʋɣʋlɛ Simiyɔŋ nyǝ́mɑ polɑɑ nɑ pɑ́ sɔɔsɩ Yutɑ nyǝ́mɑ tɔɔ, 4 nɑ pɑ́ tɛɛ yoou. Ɩlɛnɑ Tɑcɑɑ tʋ Kɑnɑɑŋ nyǝ́mɑ nɑ Peliisi nyǝ́mɑ kɛ pɑ niŋ tɑɑ, nɑ pɑ́ kʋ́ yǝlɑɑ iyisi nɑɑnʋwɑ (10000) kɛ́ Peseke ɩcɑtɛ tɑɑ. 5 Ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ pɑ mɑɣɑnɑ wulɑʋ Atoni-Peseke kɛ Peseke ɩcɑtɛ tɑɑ, nɑ pɑ́ yoonɑ-ɩ. Ɩsǝnɑ pɑ kǝlǝnɑ Kɑnɑɑŋ nyǝ́mɑ nɑ Peliisi nyǝ́mɑ tɔɣɔlɛ. 6 Ɩlɛnɑ wulɑʋ se nɑ pɑ́ tɔɣɔnɩ-ɩ nɑ pɑ́ kpɑ-ɩ nɑ pɑ́ sɛtɩ ɩ ɑpɑlʋmpee nɑ ɩ ɑpɑlʋnɔmpee. 7 Mpʋɣʋlɛ wulɑʋ ɩnɩ ɩ tɔmɑ sɩ: Mɑ mɑɣɑmɑɣɑ mɑɑ sɛtɑ yǝlɑɑ nɩɩtoso nɑ nɑɑnʋwɑ ɑpɑlʋmpee nɑ pɑ ɑpɑlʋnɔmpee kɛ ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́, nɑ mɑ́ tɔkɩ nɑ cǝɣǝlɑsɩ hotiɣi nɑ pɑ́ cɑlǝsǝɣɩ. Mpi mɑɑ lɑpɑ tɔɣɔ pǝ fɛlǝɣɩ-m.
Ɩlɛnɑ pɑ́ ponɑ Atoni-Peseke kɛ Yosɑlɛm nɑ ɩ́ cɑŋ nɑ ɩ́ sɩ tǝnɑ.
8 Ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ Yutɑ nyǝ́mɑ yoonɑ Yosɑlɛm nyǝ́mɑ, nɑ pɑ́ kʋ-wɛ nɑ pɑ́ sɔ ɩcɑtɛ kɛ kɔkɔ nɑ pɑ́ lɛɛkɩ-tɛ. 9 Pǝ wɑɑlɩ kɛ́ pɑ polɑɑ nɑ pɑ́ yoonɑ Kɑnɑɑŋ nyǝ́mɑ mpɑ pɑɑ wɛ pulɑsɩ tɑɑ, nɑ ilim mpǝtǝŋ tɔɔ kɛ́ tɛtɛkǝlɛ tɑɑ tɔ. 10 Ɩlɛnɑ pɑ́ polo nɑ pɑ́ yoonɑ Kɑnɑɑŋ nyǝ́mɑ mpɑ pɑ wɛ Hepǝlɔŋ timpi pɑ yɑɑkɑɣɑ sɩ Alɑpɑ tɛ tɔ. Nɑ pɑ́ kʋ Sesɑyi nyǝ́mɑ, nɑ Ahimɑŋ nyǝ́mɑ, nɑ Tɑlǝmɑyi nyǝ́mɑ. 11 Pɑ tɛmɑ tǝnɑ, ɩlɛnɑ pɑ́ polo pɑ́ yoonɑ Tepii timpi pɑ yɑɑkɑɣɑ sɩ Kiliyɑtɩ-Sefɛɛ tɔ pǝ nyǝ́mɑ. 12 Ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ Kɑlɛpʋ tɔmɑ sɩ: Ye wei ɩ yoonɑ Kiliyɑtɩ-Sefɛɛ nyǝ́mɑ nɑ ɩ́ kǝlɩ-wɛ mɑɑ hɑ-ɩ mɑ pɛɛlɔ Akǝsɑ nɑ ɩ́ lɑ ɑlʋ. 13 Tǝnɑɣɑlɛ Kɑlɛpʋ neu tǝnʋɣʋ nyǝŋ Kenɑsɩ pǝyɑlʋ wei pɑ yɑɑ sɩ Otiniyɛɛ tɔ, ɩ yoonɑ ɩcɑtɛ ntɛ́ tǝ nyǝ́mɑ nɑ Kɑlɛpʋ hɑ-ɩ ɩ pɛɛlɔ Akǝsɑ nɑ ɩ́ lɑ ɑlʋ. 14 Akǝsɑ sɑɑwɑ, ɩlɛnɑ ɩ́ tɔ ɩ pɑɑlʋ sɩ: Mɑɑ sǝlǝmɩ mɑ cɑɑ kɛ tɛtʋ nɑtǝlɩ. Alʋ ɩnɩ ɩ tiinɑ ɩ kpɑŋɑɣɑ tɔɔ, ɩlɛnɑ ɩ cɑɑ pɔɔsɩ-ɩ sɩ: Alɑɑfǝyɑ kɛlɛ? 15 Mpʋɣʋlɛ ɑlʋ nɔɣɔ tǝkpɑʋ sɩ: Hɑɩ, lɑ-m kʋpɑntʋ nɑ ń hɑ-m hilɑ. Mpi tɔ, tɛtʋ nti n hɑ-m ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ ilim mpǝtǝŋ tɔɔ tɔ tǝ fɛɩ lʋm.
Ɩlɛnɑ ɩ cɑɑ Kɑlɛpʋ nɑ́ɑ́ hɑ-ɩ hilɑ wenɑ ɑ wɛ pǝ tɛɛ tɔ, nɑ ɩsɔtɑɑ nyǝnɑ.
16 Ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ Moisi yǝtɩ lʋlʋɣʋ nyǝ́mɑ Keni nyǝ́mɑ nɑ Yutɑ nyǝ́mɑ pɑ lɩɩwɑ Yeliko, nɑ pɑ́ polo pɑ́ cɑɣɑ Yutɑ Alɑɑtɩ ilim mpǝtǝŋ tɔɔ kɛ́ wʋlɑɣɑ tɛtʋ tɑɑ kɛ́ Amɑleke nyǝ́mɑ tɛtʋ tɑɑ.
17 Mpʋɣʋlɛ Yutɑ nyǝ́mɑ, nɑ Simiyɔŋ nyǝ́mɑ pɑ polɑɑ nɑ pɑ́ yoonɑ Kɑnɑɑŋ nyǝ́mɑ mpɑ pɑ wɛ Sefɑtɩ tɔ nɑ pɑ́ tɔɣɔ pɑ tɛtʋ, nɑ pɑ́ yɔkɩ ɩcɑtɛ tǝnɑŋnɑŋ. Nɑ pɑ́ hɑ-tɛ sɩ Hoomɑ. Ncɑɑlɛ kɛ pɑ yɑɑ mpʋ nɑ pɑ tɛ tɑɑ. 18 Pǝlɛ pǝ wɑɑlɩ kɛ́ Yutɑ nyǝ́mɑ mpɛ pɑ tɑsɑ Kɑsɑ, nɑ Asǝkɑlɔŋ, nɑ Ɩkoloŋ ɑcɑlɛɛ kɛ lɛɛkʋɣʋ, nɑ pɑ́ kpɛnnɑ wenɑ ɑ cɔɔnɑ-yɛ tɔ. 19 Tɑcɑɑ kɑ wɛ pɑ wɑɑlɩ kɛ́ hɑlǝnɑ pɑ́ lɛɛkɩ pulɑsɩ tɛtʋ tǝnɑ. Amɑ tɛtʋ ɩhǝntɑʋ tɑɑ nyǝ́mɑ kɛ pɑ tɑ pǝsɩ. Mpi tɔ, pɛlɛ pɑɑ wɛnɑ yoou kɛɛkɛnɑɑ nyǝɣǝtʋ nyǝ́mɑ kɛ́. 20 Ɩlɛnɑ pɑ́ hɑ Kɑlɛpʋ kɛ Hepǝlɔŋ ɩcɑtɛ, ɩsɩɩ Moisi kɑ yɔɣɔtʋɣʋ tɔ. Mpi tɔ, ɩnɩ ɩ tɔɣɔnnɑ Anɑkɩ lʋlʋŋ nyǝ́mɑ tooso wei ɩ kɑ wɛ tǝnɑ tɔ. 21 Pɛncɑmɛɛ nyǝ́mɑ tɑ pǝsɩ nɑ pɑ́ tɔɣɔnɩ Yepusi nyǝ́mɑ mpɑ pɑɑ wɛ Yosɑlɛm tɔ, pɑ́ nɑ-wɛ pɑ wɛnnɑ mpʋ.
22-23 Ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ Ɩfǝlɑyim kpekǝle nɑ Mɑnɑsee nyǝntɛ pɑ polɑɑ nɑ pɑ́ yoonɑ Petɛɛlɩ timpi pɑ yɑɑkɑɣɑ Lusi tɔ, nɑ Tɑcɑɑ sǝnɑ-wɛ. Feŋlɑɑ kɛ pɑɑ cɑɑlǝnɑ tiluɣu kɛ Petɛɛlɩ tɑɑ. 24 Pɛlɛ pɑ tɑlɑɑ nɑ pɑ́ sulinɑ ɑpɑlʋ nɔɣɔlʋ, ɩlɛnɑ pɑ́ tɔmɩ-ɩ sɩ: Hʋlɩ-tʋɣʋ timpi tɔɔ ɩcɑtɛ koloosi topilinɑɑ tɔ, tɩɩ nyɩ nyɑ́ tɔɔ.
25 Ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ ɑpɑlʋ ɩnɩ ɩ hʋlɑ-wɛɣɛ tǝsʋʋlɛ. Ɩlɛnɑ pɑ́ sʋʋ nɑ pɑ́ kʋ́ ɩcɑtɛ yǝlɑɑ tǝnɑ. Amɑ pɑ yelɑ ɑpɑlʋ ɩnɩ nɑ ɩ tǝyɑɣɑ nyǝ́mɑ tǝnɑ. 26 Pǝ wɑɑlɩ kɛ́ ɑpɑlʋ ɩnɩ ɩ polɑ Hiti nyǝ́mɑ tɛtʋ tɑɑ, nɑ ɩ́ ŋmɑ́ ɩcɑtɛ nɑ ɩ́ yɑɑ-tɛ sɩ Lusi, nɑ pɑ́ yɑɑkɩ-tɛɣɛ ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ hɑlǝnɑ sɑŋɑ.
27 Mɑnɑsee nyǝ́mɑ nɑ́ tɑ́ pǝsɩ nɑ pɑ́ tɔɣɔnɩ Pɛtɩ-Seyɑŋ nyǝ́mɑ, nɑ Tɑɑnɑkɩ nyǝ́mɑ, nɑ Tɔɔɔ nyǝ́mɑ, nɑ Ɩpeleyɑm nyǝ́mɑ, nɑ Mekito nyǝ́mɑ, nɑ pǝ ɑcɑlɛɛ wenɑ ɑ cɔɔnɑ-yɛ tɔ. Kɑnɑɑŋ nyǝ́mɑ kɑ wɛ tǝnɑɣɑ tɑm kɛ́. 28 Pɑɑ nɑ wɑɑtʋ wei Ɩsɛɣɛlɩ nyǝ́mɑ kɔmɑ nɑ pɑ́ yoo toŋ kɛ teu tɔ pɑ tɑ pǝsɩ nɑ pɑ́ lɛɛkɩ pɑ koloosi ɑcɑlɛɛ. Ye pǝ tɑɣɑ sǝkpenɑ pɑɑsi.
29 Ɩfǝlɑyim nyǝ́mɑ nɑ́ tɑ́ pǝsɩ nɑ pɑ́ tɔɣɔnɩ Kɑnɑɑŋ nyǝ́mɑ mpɑ pɑ wɛ Kesɛɛ tɔ, pɑ nɑ-wɛ pɑ wɛnnɑ.
30 Sɑpulɔŋ nyǝ́mɑ nɑ́ tɑ́ pǝsɩ nɑ pɑ́ tɔɣɔnɩ Kɑnɑɑŋ nyǝ́mɑ mpɑ pɑ wɛ Kitǝlɔŋ nɑ Nɑhɑlɑlɩ tɔ. Amɑ tǝmɑ kɛ́ pɑ tʋ-wɛ nɑ pɑ́ nɑ-wɛ pɑ wɛ mpʋ.
31 Asɛɛ nyǝ́mɑ nɑ́ tɑ́ pǝsɩ nɑ pɑ́ tɔɣɔnɩ Ako nyǝ́mɑ, nɑ Sitɔŋ nyǝ́mɑ, nɑ Alɑpʋ nyǝ́mɑ, nɑ Akǝsipɩ nyǝ́mɑ, nɑ Helǝpɑ nyǝ́mɑ, nɑ Afikɩ nyǝ́mɑ, nɑ Lehopɩ nyǝ́mɑ. 32 Pǝ tɔɔ kɛ́ pɑ́ nɑ Kɑnɑɑŋ nyǝ́mɑ pɑ cɑɣɑ pɛlɛ pɑ tɛtʋ tɑɑ.
33 Nɛfǝtɑli nyǝ́mɑ tɑ pǝsɩ nɑ pɑ́ tɔɣɔnɩ Kɑnɑɑŋ nyǝ́mɑ mpɑ pɑ wɛ Pɛtɩ-Sɛmɛsɩ nɑ Pɛtɩ-Anɑtɩ tɔ. Amɑ tǝmɑ kɛ pɑ tʋ-wɛ nɑ pɑ́ nɑ-wɛ pɑ́ wɛɛ.
34 Ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ Amolii nyǝ́mɑ tɔɣɔnɑ Tɑŋ nyǝ́mɑ, nɑ pɑ́ kpɑ pulɑsɩ tɑɑ. Pɑ tɑ yele-wɛ nɑ pɑ́ cɑɣɑ tɛtʋ ɩhǝntɑʋ tɑɑ. 35 Ɩlɛnɑ Amolii nyǝ́mɑ sɑɑlɩ Hɑɑ-Hɛlɛsɩ pʋɣʋ tɑɑ nɑ Ayɑlɔŋ nɑ Sɑɑlǝpim. Amɑ wɑɑlɩ wɑɑlɩ kɛ́ Ɩfǝlɑyim nyǝ́mɑ, nɑ Mɑnɑsee nyǝ́mɑ ŋmɑkǝlɑ-wɛ nɑ pɑ́ tʋ-wɛɣɛ tǝmɑ. 36 Ɩtɔm nyǝ́mɑ tɛtʋ toŋɑ fɑɣɑnɑ Pǝcɛsɩ tontoŋle tɔɔ kɛ́ Selɑ nɑ ilim tǝlɩɩlɛ tɔɔ.


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Zɔɔrdaanii
Zɔɔrdaanii kɛna Azii ilemiye nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɛ naayɛ pasɩna ɖama kamaɣ nɛ ajɛya ana yɔ: hayʊ kiŋ lɛ Siirii nɛ Akaba pɔɔ wɛna kamaɣ yɔɔ, wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa lɛ Palɛstinii, Israɛlɩ, Yɔrdaŋ pɔɔ nɛ teŋgʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ-kʊ se mɛɛrɩ mɔɔrtɩ yɔ nɛ hadɛ kiŋ lɛ Araabii Sawuditi.
Tʊkaɣ nakayɩ wɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɛ pɔɔ nakayɩ ŋɛ ŋga payaɣ se Yɔrdaŋ. Yɔrdaŋ kɛŋna pɔɔ ŋga ka-taa Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa ɛyaa wokaɣ polu lɩm nɛ pɔsɔʊ pɩya ajama yɔ yaa palakɩ kɩwɛɛkɩm kpeɣyu sɔnzɩ yɔ. Pɔɔ ŋga ka-taa ɖɔɖɔ kɛ Yahanɛsɩ lɩm sɔyʊ kaasɔ Yesu Krɩstʊ lɩm. Mbʊ yebina nɛ lɩm mbʊ pɩpɩsɩ lɩm kiɖeɖem. Pɔtɔkɩ peeɖe tɛ kazandʊ paa lɛlaɣ fenaɣ ŋga lɛ kɛtɛ kɩyakʊ 13.
Pamaza Zɔɔrdaanii ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ 89 342 km2 nɛ ɖenɖe lɩm wɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe takɩlɩ ɖɔʊ nɛ pɩmaɣna ɛzɩ 0,8 % yɔ. Ɖooo pɩnaɣ 2015 taa pakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ pana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 9 531 712 yɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa yee pakalɩɣ ɛyaa km2 taa kɔyɔ, panaɣ-wɛ ɛzɩ 107 yɔ. Agoza fenaɣ 25 pɩnaɣ 1946 kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩmʊ ɖɩ-tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊ. Payaɣ Zɔɔrdaanii kewiyaɣ ñʊʊdʊ kɩfalʊ se Abdalla II nɛ komina ñʊʊdʊ yɔ Hani al-Mulki.
Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, ŋgʊ lɛ araabʊ ɛlɛ aŋgilisi ñɛkɛna kʊènʊŋ ŋgʊ paanɩ ɛkɩlɩɣ yɔɔdʊ sukulinaa taa nɛ aseela tʊma taa yɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Amaanɩ nɛ ndʊ tɩkɩla walanzɩ ɖɔɖɔ. Yee ɛyʊ ɛsɔɔlaa se ɛyaa nɔɔyʊ kɛ kaŋgalafu yɔɔ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa kɔyɔ, pɩkɛna-ɩ kɩjɛyʊʊ se ɛma +962 ɛ-tɛ kaŋgalafu kpata yɔɔ pʊcɔ ŋɛ ɛɛma pɩtɛ ɛyʊʊ kaŋgalafu nimaɣ mayaɣ. Liidiye nɖɩ pɔtɔkɩ-ɖɩ peeɖe yɔ payaɣ-ɖɩ se tiinaarɩ zɔɔrdaanɩyɛ.


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Tɔlɩm
Tɔlɩm kɛna keɖeɣya tʋmɩyɛ kɩpanɖɛ naɖɩyɛ labʋ. Pɩkɛna anjaʋwaa lɩzʋʋ tʋmɩyɛ. Anjaʋwaa lɩzʋʋ n̄ɩnʋ tɔlɩm mbʋ pʋmʋna paa anjaʋ ŋgʋ lɛ nɛ ɛtaɣ kɩyɔ nɛ pʋmʋna-kʋ yaa kɩ-tasɩ kiɖe.
Tɔlɩm sɔsʋʋ ɖetuɣu wonu ŋgʋ pataɣ-kʋ yɔ. Tɔlɩm pʋnɛ, pʋwɛ lɩm tɩyɛ nɛ pʋwɛɛna sɛmɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ. Pɩtɛkɛ paa tɔlɩm sɛmɩŋ mbʋ kɛ pɛkɛyʋ nɛ pataɣ paa anjaʋ ŋgʋ lɛ. Ɛlɛ, anjaʋ waa lɩzɩyʋ tɩlɩʋna sɛmɩŋ mbʋ pʋmʋna se ɛtaɣ ɛtɛ anjaʋ kɩlɩzʋʋ.
Tɔlɩm tayaa tʋmɩyɛ lakɩnana nɛ wondunaa nabɛyɛ wɛʋ cɔnaʋ. Ɖɩkpaɣ ɛzɩ takayaɣ hayʋʋ, nɛ kaaʋ, nɛ n̄ɩɣlɩm kɔbɩ (verre), nɛ kpoŋgbolo (bois), nɛ liɖe (écorce), nɛ simaɣ tɛtʋ (béton), nɛ pɩtasɩna ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ pɩsaʋ hɔɔlaɣ (toile) yɔ.
Wondunaa mba ɖɩya hiyuu cɛnzɩ taa mbɩ yɔ, tɔlɩm mbʋ pataɣ pɔyɔɔ yɔ yeki nɛ pɩsɔzɩ keɖeyaɣ. Tɔlɩm taʋ pɩsʋʋ pɩkɛna mbʋ payaɣna fransɩ kʋnʋŋ taa size "figurative yaa abstraite" yɔ, nɛ "naturaliste" pʋtɔbʋʋ size, kedeŋa n̄ɩm yɔ.


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Moŋgooli kewiyaɣ
Ajɛyɛ pacaɣ ma-ñʊʊ yɔɔ waa naayɛ kpɛndɩ kpɛm nɛ payaa a-kewiyaɣ se Moŋgooli kewiyaɣ. Moŋgooli kewiyaɣ ŋga, kapaɣlɩ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ. Ajayɛ pacaɣ ma-ñʊʊ yɔɔ waa kewiyaɣ nakɛyɛ tapaɣlɩ nɛ pɩtalɩ moŋgooli ñɩŋga. Ɖooo kpaɖʊʊ hiu nɛ naadozo ñɩŋgʊ taa paɖʊ moŋgooli kewiyaɣ. Sʊsɔ Gengis Khan nɛ e-piya nɛ ɛ-sɛyɩnaa nɛ ɛ-sɔɔjanaa pasɩna kewiyaɣ ŋga. Moŋgooli kewiyaɣ walaa pɩtalɩ kilomɛtanaa miiliyɔɔwaa niidozo nɛ naadozo.
Kpaɖʊʊ hiu nɛ naadozo ɖɩtɛnɖɛ Gengis Khan kewiyaɣ kpa ɖoŋ siŋŋ nɛ pɩkɩlɩ. Alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa lɛ, moŋgooli kewiyaɣ walanzɩ kpaɣna Meditɛɛraanee, Pasifiiki lɩŋgamʊʊ hɔɔlʊʊ taa nɛ powolo Siiberii tɛtʊ taa Ɛndɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ pɩɖɛɛ Ɛndoziini ñɩnɖɛ taa. Ɛlɛ, pɩtɛkpɛndɩna Ruusii ɛjaɖɛ kɩpɩnɖɛ nɛ Ɛɛndoziini ɛjaɖɛ maɣmaɣ.
Kpaɣna pɩnaɣ 1260 taa lɛ, moŋgooli kewiyaɣ tɛyɩ hɔɔlɩŋ naanza. Hayi kiŋ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ hɔɔlʊʊ taa lɛ, tɛtʊ ndʊ payaɣ se «steppes russes» yɔ tɩwɛɛ. Tɩkɛ «Horde d’or» ɛjaɖɛ. Sʊsɔ Djötchi liɖe taa ñɩma ɖiyiɣna ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa ñɩma. Djötchi liɖe taa ñɩma mba, pɛkɛ Gengis Khan kajalaɣ piya. Hadɛ kiŋ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ hɔɔlʊʊ taa lɛ, mba payaɣ se Ilkhans waa yɔ, paba ñɛwɛna. Pɛkɛ Pɛɛrɩsɩ (Perse) ɛjaɖɛ taa ñɩma. Pɛkɛ Hülegü liɖe taa ñɩma. Hülegü kɛ Tolui pɩyalʊ. Tolui ñɛkɛ Gengis Khan pɩyalʊ tɩnʊʊ.
Hɛkʊ taa lɛ, sɔzɔ weyi payaɣ se Djaghataï yɔ, e-liɖe taa ñɩma ñɛwɛna. Djaghataï kɛ Gengis Khan pɩyalʊ naalɛ tʊ. Piyele wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ hɔɔlʊʊ taa lɛ, pɩkɛ Moŋgooli nɛ Siini pa-ajɛya. Mba payaɣ se Yuan waa yɔ, mba wɛna Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa. Sɔsɔ weyi payaɣ se Kubilai Khan yɔ, ɛnʊ tɩna Siini ɛjaɖɛ tikiɖe yaa ɛnʊ yebina nɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩwɛɛ. Kubilai Khan kɛ Hülegü ɖalʊ. Ɛkɛ weyi payaɣ se Tolui yɔ ɛ-pɩyalʊ. Tolui ñɛkɛ Gengis Khan pɩyalʊ. Kubilai Khan cɔŋnana Marco Polo tɛtʊ yɔɔ.
Moŋgooli kewiyaɣ kɔma kɔyɔkɩ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ sɔsɔ Kubilai Khan nɩna Siini ɛjaɖɛ yɔɔ ɖeke cɔnaʊ yɔ. Peeye e-koyindinaa paɣzɩ ɖʊ kewiisi ndɩ ndɩ. Moŋgooli kewiisi ndɩ ndɩ ñʊŋ tɩnaa lʊba kpem se paɖaɣnɩ Moŋgooli kewiyaɣ kpɛndʊʊ kpɛm, ɛlɛ pawɩɩ tɔnʊʊ.
Sɔsɔ Gengis Khan tɔɔ kewiyaɣ Moŋgooli ɛjaɖɛ taa kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 1187 nɛ puwolo pɩsɩɩna pɩnaɣ 1196 ñɩŋga taa. Ɛ nɛ Tayitchi'out ñɩma palaba you nɛ ɛwabɩ-wɛ. Tayitchi'out ñɩma wɛ Bouriatie tɛtʊ taa. Bouriatie tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩpɩsɩna Siberii ɛjaɖɛ lɛlɛɛyɔ. Wiyaʊ Gengis khan laba you ɖɔɖɔ nɛ Tatars ñɩma nɛ ɛwabɩ-wɛ ɖɔɖɔ. Mbʊ yebina nɛ ɛwɛɛna ɖoŋ nɛ eɖiyiɣ Moŋgooli ɛjaɖɛ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ hɔɔlʊʊ taa.


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James Joyce
James Joyce hɩɖɛ keekee kɛlɛ size James Augustine Aloysius Joyce. Ɖajaa sɔsɔ James Joyce ɛnɛ, ɛkɛ Irɩlandɩ tʋ. Ɛkɛ abalʋ weyi ɛfɛyɩ felendu kpataa yaa kaʋ yɔ. Ŋna-ɩ kɔyɔ, ŋna size ɛkɛ tandaʋ tʋ nɔɔyʋ siŋŋ.
Palʋla ɖajaa sɔsɔ James Joyce ɛnʋ kɛ lɛlaɣ fenaɣ taa kɛ evemiye yaa kɩyakʋ naalɛ (2) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye kɛ pɩnaɣ 1882 n̄ɩŋga taa. E-egeetiye kʋlʋlɩyɛ yaa lone ɖeɖe ndɩ ɖɩ-taa palʋla-ɩ yɔ, nɖɩ payaɣ size Dublin egeetiye. Ɛkɛ n̄amtʋ pɩɣa ɛ-taabalaa nɛ ɛ-samaɣ ŋga ɛwɛ ka-taa yɔ kɛ-sɩnda.
Ɛ-pɩcatʋ taa ɛɛkɛ pɩɣa ŋga kɛwɛ lɛɣtʋ siŋŋ yɔ. Ɛsɩba kɔlaɣ fenaɣ taa kɛ evemiye yaa kɩyakʋ hiu nɛ naadozo (13) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye kɛ pɩnaɣ 1941 n̄ɩŋga taa. Egeetiye nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa ɛsɩba yɔ, nɖɩ payaɣ size Zurich. Ɖajaa sɔsɔ James Joyce ɛnɛ, ɛkɛ maɣzɩm takayasɩ kɩkalasɩ mayʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ siŋŋ kɛ ɛ-ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-tɛtʋ taa.
Ɛnʋ ɖɔɖɔ kɛna koowa maɖʋ sɔsɔ siŋŋ nɔɔyʋ kɛ ɛ-ɛjaɖɛ Iɖɩlandɩ tɛtʋ taa peeɖe. Ɛsɩkaɣ lɛ, ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ hiŋ kagbanzɩ nɛ nakʋ (59) kɛ mbʋ yɔ. Ɖajaa sɔsɔ koosi maɖʋ nɛ maɣzɩm takayasɩ kɩkalasɩ mayʋ ɛnɛ, ɛkɛ abalʋ weyi paaɖɔɔnɛyɩ ɛ-ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʋ taa yɔ. Sakɩyɛ kpa-ɩ size, ɛnʋ kɛna maɣzɩm takayasɩ kɩkalasɩ mayʋ kɔɔnɔɔ tʋ yaa maŋgbaɖa sɩm kɛ kpaɖʋ nɛɛlɛ (20) n̄ɩŋgʋ taa.
Ɛ-takayasɩ maɣzɩm n̄ɩnzɩ kɩkalasɩ nasɩyɛ kɔ-yɔ nɛ Fransɩ kʋnʋŋ taa matʋ taa : Les Gens de Dublin kɛ pɩnaɣ 1914 n̄ɩŋga taa, nɛ Portrait de l'artiste en jeune homme kɛ pɩnaɣ 1916 n̄ɩŋga taa, nɛ pɩtasɩna Ulysse kɛ pɩnaɣ 1922 n̄ɩŋga taa, nɛ pɩtɛmna Finnegans Wake kɛ 1939 n̄ɩŋga taa. Ɖɩɖɔkɩ, sɩze ɛ-takayasɩ kɩmamasɩ ɖɔwa siŋŋ.


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Stɔkhɔlm
Stɔkhɔlm kɛŋna Suyɛɛdɩ ɛjaɖe taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ. Peeɖe kɛ komina tʊma sɔsɔna kɩla wɛʊ nɛ peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ kɛ paɣtʊ lɩzɩyaa nɛ ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊtʊ Carl XVI Gustav pɛwɛɛ. Sʊyɛdɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa maalikanaa ɖɔɔ nɛ patalɩʊ ɛzɩ maalisi 290 yɔ nɛ sɩ-taa payɩ lɛ, Stɔkɩhɔlm taa ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ. Pɩnaɣ 2005 taa pakala ɛyaa kɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-tɛ maalika taa lɛ, pɛkpɛnda ɛyaa 1 252 020.
Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-walanzɩ taa wɛ 6 600 km2. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ , tɩwɛna lɩm taa kacɩsɩ sakɩyɛ nɛ sɩtalɩʊ ɛzɩ kacɩsɩ 24 000 yɔ. Paa mazaɣ nɛ nɛ kujuka ŋga lɛ, ɛyaa woki peeɖe sakɩyɛ nɛ payaɣ lɩm yaa pohoyuu wɩsɩ. Pɩtasɩɩna mazaɣ nɛ kujuka peɖeke, pɩtamna cɩla ɖanasɩ ɖɔɖɔ.


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Ŋtɔzʋʋ?
Feŋuu Tilimiye takayɩsɩ nzɩ sɩlɩwa nɛ pitileɖita yɔ, ŋkalɩ-sɩ camɩyɛ na? Ye ɛɛɛ kɔyɔ, maɣzɩ nɛ ŋna se ŋpɩzɩɣ nɛ ŋcosi tɔm pɔzʋʋ pʋnɛ pɩ-yɔɔ.
Kɩwɛɛkɩm mbʋ tɔm Yesu yɔɔdɩ Maatiyee 18:15-17 taa?
Kɩwɛɛkɩm mbʋ ɛyaa mba piyozi-wɛ yɔ, papɩzɩɣ nɛ pɔñɔɔzɩ pa-taa pe-ɖeke yɔ, pɩ-tɔm Yesu yɔɔdaɣ. Ɛlɛ pɩkɛ ɖɔɖɔ kɩwɛɛkɩm mbʋ ye patɩcɔnɩ pi-ɖeɖe yɔ, piyeki se palɩzɩ ɛyʋ ɛgbɛyɛ taa yɔ. Pɩpɩzɩɣ nɛ pɩkɛ mulum lakasɩ yaa kɔlɔmɔtʋ lakasɩ.—w16.5, h. 11-12.
Ɛbɛ ŋpɩzɩɣ ŋla nɛ ñe-Bibl kalʋʋ wazɩ-ŋ nɛ pɩkɩlɩ?
Ŋŋkalɩɣ Bibl lɛ, taaka ña-lɩmaɣza pʋyʋ kʋɖʋm yɔɔ. Ñɩnɩ lɔŋ weyi ŋpɩzɩɣ nɛ ŋkpɛlɩkɩ tɔm ndʋ ŋkalɩɣ yɔ tɩ-taa. Pɔzɩ ña-tɩ tɔm tʋnɛ: ‘Ɛzɩma manpɩzɩɣ mankpaɣ-tʋ nɛ mansɩnɩ lalaa?’ Tɩŋnɩ wondu ndʋ ɛgbɛyɛ lɩzaa yɔ tɩ-yɔɔ nɛ ŋtazɩ tɔm taa camɩyɛ.—w16.5, h. 29-31.
Paa Krɩstʋ tʋ ɛwɛnɩ lidaʋ se pakaɣ sɩɖaa fezuu yɔ, pɩwɛɛkaa se ɛnɩɩ siziŋ ɛ-ɛyʋ kʋsɔɔlʋ nɔɔyʋ sɩm yɔɔ?
Paa Krɩstʋ tʋ ɛwɛnɩ lidaʋ se pakaɣ sɩɖaa fezuu yɔ, ɛpɩzɩɣ nɛ ɛnɩɩ siziŋ ɛ-ɛyʋ kʋsɔɔlʋ nɔɔyʋ sɩm yɔɔ. Abraham caɣ kʋñɔwiye alɩwaatʋ ndʋ ɛ-halʋ Saara sɩba yɔ. (Kiɖe 23:2) Alɩwaatʋ wɛɣ nɛ tɩɖɛɣ lɛ, siziŋ nɩʋ pasɩɣ.—wp16.5, h. 4.
Ezekɩyɛɛlɩ ñʋʋ 9 taa, ɛyʋ weyi ɛ-tɩnaɣ taa nɛ takayaɣ mayʋ kɩmamaʋ nɛ ɛyaa loɖo mba pe-nesi tɛɛ nɛ wondu ndʋ pakʋʋnɩ ɛyaa yɔ, pasɩŋnɩ mba?
Pasɩŋnɩ ɛsɔdaa yoyaa mba paaɖʋ nesi Yerusalɛm yɔkʋʋ taa, nɛ mba pakaɣ ɖezuu Sataŋ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ Armaagedɔɔ wiye yɔ. Ða-alɩwaatʋ tʋnɛ tɩ-taa lɛ, Yesu Krɩstʋ kɛnɩ ɛyʋ weyi ɛ-tɩnaɣ taa nɛ takayaɣ mayʋ kɩmamaʋ nɛ ɛyʋsʋʋ mba pakaɣ hiɣu ñʋʋ yabʋ yɔ.—w16.06, h. 16-17.
Kala wena Bibl waba?
(1) Bibl wabɩ mbʋ pɩpɩzaɣ se pɩwɛɛkɩ kɩ-takayɩsɩ yɔ. Papyrus waa yɔɔ nɛ tɔna yɔɔ pama Bibl takayɩsɩ kajalaɣ ñɩnzɩ, ŋgʋ Papyrus waa fɛyɩ ɖoŋ, pacɩyɩɣ nɛ pacadɩɣ ɖɔɖɔ lɔŋ; nɛ tɔna lɛ, ye patɩcɔnɩ a-yɔɔ camɩyɛ yɔ, awɛɛkɩɣ lɔŋ. (2) Politiki nɛ Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ agbaa ñʋndɩnaa ñaɣ pana se peɖezi Bibl, ɛlɛ patɩpɩzɩ. (3) Bibl wabɩ mba pañɩnaɣ se pɛlɛɣzɩ kɩ-tɔm yɔ.—wp16.4, h. 4-7.
Ɛzɩma Krɩstʋ tʋ pɩzɩɣ eyele nɛ e-wezuu caɣʋ wɛɛ kɛlɛʋ?
Tɩlɩ mbʋ pɩkɛ ña-kɩcɛyɩm ɖeyi ɖeyi yɔ nɛ taaya mbʋ pɩ-tɔm tɩcɛyɩ yɔ. Ma ɛzɩma ŋkaɣ labɩnʋʋ ñe-liidiye tʋmɩyɛ yɔ. Pɛdɩ wondu ndʋ ŋŋlakɩnɩ tʋmɩyɛ yɔ yaa ha-tʋ nɔɔyʋ yaa lɔ-tʋ, nɛ ŋñaɣ pana nɛ ŋhɛyɩ ña-kɩma tɩŋa. Pasɩ ña-tʋmɩyɛ alɩwaatʋ yɔɔ nɛ ŋla ɖʋtʋ nɛ ŋwalɩsɩ ñɔ-tɔm susuu tʋmɩyɛ.—w16.07, h. 10.
Ɛbɛ Bibl tɔm se pɩwɛ ñɩm nɛ pɩkpaɖɩ sika yaa liidiye?
Yɔb 28:12, 15 wɩlɩɣ se lɔŋsɩnɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩlɩnɩ Ɛsɔ cɔlɔ yɔ, ɖɩwɛ ñɩm nɛ pɩkpaɖɩ sika yaa liidiye. Alɩwaatʋ ndʋ ŋñɩnɩɣ lɔŋsɩnɖɛ nɖɩ yɔ, pɩwɛɛ se ŋñaɣ pana nɛ ŋwɛɛnɩ tɩ luzuu nɛ ŋcɛyɩsɩ ñe-tisuu.—w16.08, h. 18-19.
Sɔnɔ, pɩmʋnaa se koobu eyele ɛ-tandaʋ na?
Ajɛɛ naayɛ taa lɛ, ye ɛyʋ ɛwɛnɩ tandaʋ nɛ ɛñɔɔzɩ-kʋ camɩyɛ yɔ, pɩwɛ ɖeu nɛ piiyeki se ɛyaa itaawelisi Kewiyaɣ laŋhɛzɩyɛ tɔm ndʋ ɖisusuu yɔ. Paa mbʋ yɔ, koobiya nabɛyɛ pɩzɩɣ palɩzɩ se paayeki pa-tandaŋ. (1 Kɔr. 8:9) Ajɛɛ lɛɛna taa lɛ, ɛyaa iiyeki pa-tandaŋ, nɛ pɩtɩmʋna se Krɩstʋ mba iyele pa-tandaŋ.—w16.09, h. 21.
Ɛbɛ yɔɔ ɖɩpɩzɩɣ nɛ ɖitisi se Daviid nɛ Gooliyaatɩ pɔ-tɔm kɛ toovenim?
Takayɩsɩ nasɩyɩ yɔɔdʋʋ se ɖa-alɩwaatʋ taa ɛyʋ weyi ɛkɩlɩ ɖaɣlʋʋ yɔ, Gooliyaatɩ kɩlɩ-ɩ nɛ santimɛtawaa ɛzɩ 20 ɖeke mbʋ yɔ na. Tɛtɛɛ ñɩm huyiyaa nabɛyɛ kɔma nɛ palɩɩ pɩyɛ naɖɩyɛ yɔɔ, nɛ pama ɖɩ-yɔɔ se “Daviid ɖɩɣa.” Pɩtasɩ lɛ, Yesu Krɩstʋ kaayɔɔdɩ Daviid tɔm se ɛɛkɛ ɛyʋ keekee. Lone nɖɩ pɔyɔɔdɩ ɖɩ-tɔm se Daviid nɛ Gooliyaatɩ palabɩ ɖɩ-taa you yɔ, ñɩnɩyaa ñɩnaa nɛ pana se ɖɩɩkɛ lone keekee.—wp16.5, h. 13.
Tʋkaɣ ŋga wɛ sɩmtʋ, lɛɣtʋ nɛ lɔŋsɩnɖɛ pɛ-hɛkʋ taa?
Ɛyʋ weyi ɛwɛnɩ sɩmtʋ yɔ, ɛtɩlɩɣ tɔm sakɩyɛ wondu ndɩ ndɩ yɔɔ. Weyi ɛwɛnɩ lɛɣtʋ yɔ, ɛpɩzɩɣ nɛ ɛna nɔɔ kʋɖʋmaɣ ŋga kɛwɛ tɔm ndɩ ndɩ hɛkʋ taa yɔ. Ɛlɛ weyi ɛwɛnɩ lɔŋsɩnɖɛ yɔ, ɛkpɛndɩɣ sɩmtʋ nɛ lɛɣtʋ nɛ ɛkpaɣ-wɛ nɛ ɛlabɩnɩ tʋmɩyɛ.—w16.10, h. 18.


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Fernand de Magellan
Fernand de Magellan kɛ Pɔrɩtɩgalɩ tʋ. Ɛkɛ abalʋ tandaʋ tʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ. Palʋla-ɩ Pɔrɩtɩgalɩ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa peeɖe kɛnɛ nɛ ɖi-hayo kiŋ hɔɔlʋʋ taa kɛ pɩnaɣ 1480 waa taa kɛ mbɩ yɔ.
Ɛsɩba ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ size Filipini yɔ ɖɩ-taa kɛnɛ kɛ ɖomaɣ fenaɣ taa efemiye yaa kɩyakʋ nɛɛlɛ nɛ lʋbɛ yaa hiŋ naalɛ nɛ lʋbɛ (27) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye kɛ pɩnaɣ 1521 n̄ɩŋga taa. Lone yaa egeetiye nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa ɛsɩba yɔ, ɖɩ-hɩɖɛ payaɣ size Mactan tɛ lɩm hɛkʋ tɛtʋ yaa lɩm hɛkʋ taa kajaɣ.
Ɖajaa sɔsɔ Fernand de Magellan ɛnɛ, ɛkɛ Pɔrɩtɩgalɩ ɛjaɖɛ tʋ yaa ɛjaɖɛ pɩɣa ŋga kɛkɛ lɩm yɔɔ nʋmɔʋ woɖu sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ yaa ɛsɔdaa heɣlim taa saɣyʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ siŋŋ yɔ. Ɛtɛ ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ, ɛjaɖɛ wobuyu kpɛlɛkɩyʋ tɩlɩyʋ tʋmɩyɛ laɖʋ taa sɔsɔ siŋŋ nɔɔyʋ. Ɖɩtɩlɩ ɖɔɖɔ size, ɛ-tʋmɩyɛ naalɛ wayɩ wayɩ n̄ɩnɖɛ nɖɩ sakɩyɛ yaa samaɣ kɩlɛyɩ nɛ sɩm yaa tɩlɩɣ.
Ɛ-tʋma ana payɩ lɛ, kpaɖʋ yaa wɛɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa ɛlakaɣ n̄ɛ yɔ, pɩɩkɛ wendu ndɩ ndɩ natʋ sɔsɔtʋ alɩwaatʋ taa. Alɩwaatʋ ndʋ tɩ-taa kɛ, pan̄ɩna nɛ pana wendu ndu ndu patana kau nɛ potolosi tʋʋ wiɖi kao nɛ pana yɔ. Sakɩyɛ sɩma yaa tɩla ɖajaa sɔsɔ ɛnʋ size, ɛnʋ kɛna kɔɔnɔɔ tʋ yaa kiɖe tɛ tʋ kajalaɣ tʋ weyi ɛcɔ tɛtʋ ilemiye yaa tɛtʋ kamaɣ yɔɔ yɔ, nɛ mɛlɛ yɔ caanaʋ taa yɔ yaa caanaʋ tɔm kɩkɛdɩtʋ taa yɔ.
Ɛtɛzaa cɔʋ nɛ mɛlɛ tɛtʋ ilemiye lɛ, pɩɩkɛ salaŋ fenaɣ taa kɛ pɩnaɣ 1522 n̄ɩŋga taa. Ɖɩɖɔkɩ size pɩnzɩ naadozo ɛɖɔmana nʋmɔʋ cɔʋʋ nɛ mɛlɛ kɛ tɛtʋ ilemiye yaa tɛtʋ kamaɣ yɔɔ yɔ. Ɖajaa sɔsɔ Juan Sebastián Elcano ɛnɛ ɛhawana nɔɔ nɛ ɛnʋ cɔŋgana ɛ-tʋmɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩlabʋ nʋmɔʋ taa. Ɛkʋya lɛ, ɛcɔɔ kpɛɛɛ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʋyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ taa kiŋ nɛ pɩsɩnɛyɩ nɛ ewolo ɛkatɩ Moluques waa.
Ɛ-nʋmɔʋ ɖɛʋ taa peeɖe, ɛn̄ɩnɩtʋ taa lɛ, ɛna ɛwadɩyɛ nesi yaa ɖɩgbɩyɩsɩyɛ naɖɩyɛ. Halɩ nɛ sɔnɔ taa kɛ mbɩ yɔ, ɛ-hɩɖɛ pagbaɣ nɛ payaɣ yaa pɛcɛlɛ ɛwadɩyɛ ɖɩgbɩyɩsɩyɛ nɖɩ. Kpaɖʋ yaa wɛɛ hiu nɛ kagbanzɩ (15) n̄ɩŋgʋ taa mbɩ yɔ lɛ, ndɩ lɩmaɣza wena ɛyaa mʋwaa nɛ pɔɖɔkɩ yɔ, size tɛtʋ wɛ kulu kulu yɔ, atɛma wɛʋ ɖoo kiɖe tɛɛ yaa caanaʋ tɔm taa hoo hoo.


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Room
Room kɛna Itaalii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1871 nɛ tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩwɛ lɩm fɛɛʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ-kʊ se itaalii yɔ ɖɩ-wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ hɔɔlʊʊ taa. Pɩnaɣ 2014 taa pakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa pana ɛyaa miliyɔɔnaa 2 869 461 ɛlɛ pɛkpɛndɩna tɛtʊ ndʊ ti-ageeta tɩŋga kɔyɔ, pɩnaɣ 2013 maɣmaɣ taa ɛyaa kaakpɛnda miliyɔɔnaa 4 321 244.
Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ, Erɔpʊ ajɛya sɔsɔna kpeekpe taa lɛ, Mɔsikuu nɛ Lɔndrɩ wayɩ lɛ Room ñɩndʊ tɩŋgʊna ɛyaa ɖɔʊ taa nɛ walanzɩ landammm taa. Tɩ-walanzɩ taa wɛ ɛkɩtaarɩnaa ɛzɩ 128 531 yaa kilomɛtanaa 1 285,31 yɔ.
Room tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩwɛna tɩ-ndɩ kpem: tɩ-taa nɛ ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe naɖɩyɛ nɛ paya-ɖɩ se Fatiikaŋ. Pʊtɔbʊʊ se tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ tʊnɛ tɩkɛ ajɛya naalɛ taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ. Fatikaŋ ɛjaɖɛ yʊʊdʊ payaɣ se Papa. Papa ɛnʊ lɛ keteŋa kpeekpe kristʊ katolika mba ñʊʊtʊ. Fatiikaŋ kɛŋna ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩkɩla wɛʊ ññɩɩɩ kɛ keteŋa kpeekpe taa yɔ.
Erɔpʊ ajɛya kpeekpe taa lɛ, tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɛyaa mba pɔsɔɔlɩ ɛsɩyɛ ekpena nɛ nʊmɔŋ wobu yɔ, tɛtʊ ndʊ payaɣ-tʊ se Lɔndrɩ nɛ Paarii yɔ tɩ-wayɩ lɛ, Room tɛtʊ tɩŋgʊʊna. Keteŋa kpeekpe tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ taa lɛ, Room tɛtʊ wɛ ndʊ tɩkɩlɩ ɖɛu yɔ tɩ-taa.
Room tɛtʊ taa cɔcɩnaa mba pɛwɛɛ yɔ pɛkpɛnda 900 nɛ sukulinaa sʊsaa nɛ pompɩnaa nɛ kondolokonaa ɖɔɔ; pɩtasɩ lɛ, peeɖe ɖooo kɩpɩnjaazɩ wondu kpɛndɩ pɩwɛ peeɖe pɩɖɔɔ sɩŋŋŋ. Peeɖe paatɛma ñɔɔzʊʊ keteŋa kpeekpe taa tɔnʊʊ taa aleɣya nɛ hayɩsʊ kɛ pɩnaɣ 1960.
Payaɣ Room maalika ñʊʊdʊ se Virginia Raggi. Paanɛ ajɛya lɛɛna taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ ɛñɩnɩʊ se tɩna Itaalii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ ɛlakɩ tʊma kʊɖʊma kɔyɔ, Room maɣmaɣ ɛɛtɛŋ kɩ-taa sɩŋŋŋ nɛ paɖʊʊ taabalɩyɛ nɛ ɖama nɩnaʊ kɛ yem. Room tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩna tɛtʊ kʊɖʊmtʊ yeke pɛkpɛndɩna nɛ palakɩ tʊma kʊɖʊma sɩŋŋŋ nɛ ndʊ yɔ Paarii.
Papaaza tʊma ana alabʊ ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1956 nɛ pɔ-tɔm piye kɔyɔ se: Paarii yeke mʊŋna Room nɛ Room yeke mʊŋna Paarii. Paarii tɛtʊ wayɩ lɛ, tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ natʊyʊ nɛ Ropma ñɩndʊ paɖʊ taabalɩyɛ ɖɔɖɔ nɛ tɩ-taa kɔyɔ: Asakasii (Polivi), Pɛlɩgraadɩ (Sɛrbii), Sinsiŋnatii nɛ Niyuu Yɔrɩkɩ (Etaazuunii), Peekɛɛ (Siini), Ploovidiivi (Puligari), Sewuuli (Kooree Hadɛ Kiŋ), Tokiyo (Sapɔŋ), Kazablanka (Marɔkɩ), Tunisi (Tuniizii), Sevizi (Ɛsɩpaañɩ) nɛ Kɛɛrɩ (Egipiti).


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Naajeeriya
Naajeeriya kɛna Afrika nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ. Ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa ɛyaa wɛ miliyɔɔnaa 177 nɛ n:̀ɖɩ-taa kɛ ɛyaa kɩlɩ ɖɔʊ Afrika kpeekpe taa nɛ pɩkɛ keteŋa kpeek̂pe kɔyɔ ɖɩkɛlʊbɛ ñɩnɖɛ ɛyaa ɖɔʊ taa. Afrika taa lɛ, Naajeeriya taa kɛ tɔsʊʊ hʊʊ kɩlaa.
Paanɛ karasɩm ɛɛtɩ wɛ peeɖe ɛzɩma ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, peeɖe kʊñɔntɩnaa ɖɔɔ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ mulum kɩlɩ tɔyʊʊ kpem. Takayasɩ nzɩ paɖʊsa wayi nɛ wayi kʊnɛyɔ pɩɩkɛ lakɩŋ fenaɣ pɩnaɣ 2015 nɛ Muhammadu Buhari kɛ palɩzaa se ɛkɛ peeɖe ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊyʊ. Ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊtʊ kɩfalʊ ɛnɛ ɛlɛɣza ñʊʊtʊ kɩpɩnʊ weyi payaɣ se Abasanjo.
Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ yʊŋ ñɩndʊ yɔ Abuja. Ɖɩwɛ Afrika nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa ajɛya wena aɖʊ ŋgbɛyɛ tɔsʊʊ hʊʊ tɔm taa nɛ paya-ɖɩ se CEDEAO yɔ ɖɩ-taa.
Ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa Iboowaa, Yurubawaa nɛ Fulaaniwaa, mba payaɣ-wɛ ɖɔɖɔ se fɩlandinaa yɔ pakɩlɩna wɛʊ.
Pɩnaɣ 2014 taa palɩzɩ paɣtʊ se pakpa nabɛyɩ halaa ɖeke yaa abalaa ɖeke se pasʊʊna-ɖama yɔ, paɖʊʊ-wɛ salaka pɩnzɩ hiu. Nɛ yee halaa pa-taa peɖeke yaa abalaa pa-taa peɖeke ɖɔɖɔ se pɛwɛ ɖama cɔlɔ se pawala-ɖama yaa pakpaɣ-ɖama yɔ, paɖʊ-wɛ salaka pɩnzɩ hiu nɛ naanza.


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TAKAYAƔ HUYUU YƆƆ TƆM | KƲJƆƲ ŊGƲ KPAÐƖ KƲJƆŊ LƐƐŊ?
“Kʋjɔŋ weyi pɛtɛmɩ-m labʋ yɔ, ɩ-taa lɛ kʋnɛ kɩkpaɖɩna”
Tɔm tʋnɛ pɩnzɩ 13 halɩbɩɣa nakɛyɛ yɔɔdaa alɩwaatʋ ndʋ paha-kɛ haɣ nakɛyɛ yɔ. Tadɩyɛ laɖʋ halɩñɩnʋ nɔɔyʋ weyi ɛwɛ niye ɛ-tʋmɩyɛ taa yɔ, ɛtɔm se ordinatɛɛrɩ ŋgʋ ɛ-caa kaaha-ɩ alɩwaatʋ ndʋ ɛlakaɣ sukuli sɔsɔʋ yɔ, kiyeba nɛ e-wezuu caɣʋ lɛɣzɩ. Nɛ abalʋ nɔɔyʋ weyi ɛlabɩ nesi ɖɔkʋʋ pitileɖi yɔ, ɛtɔm se carte ŋgʋ ɛ-halʋ labɩnɩ ɛ-maɣmaɣ e-nesi nɛ ɛha-ɩ alɩwaatʋ ndʋ pe-nesi ɖɔkʋʋ labɩ pɩnaɣ kʋɖʋmaɣ yɔ, ŋgʋ kpaɖɩnɩ kʋjɔŋ weyi payɩ pɛtɛmɩ-ɩ labʋ yɔ.
Paa pɩnaɣ ŋga, pɩtalɩɣ ŋgee alɩwaatʋ natʋyʋ yɔɔ lɛ, ɛyaa sakɩyɛ kpakɩɣ pa-alɩwaatʋ nɛ pañakɩ pana se pehiɣ kʋjɔʋ ŋgʋ “kɩkpaɖaa” yɔ nɛ paha pa-taabalaa yaa pɔ-hɔʋ taa ñɩma. Nɛ sakɩyɛ sɔɔlaa se mba palakɩ kʋjɔŋ ɛnɩ yɔ, pɩkɛdɩnɩ-wɛ ɛzɩ ɛyaa mba pɔ-tɔm ɖɩtɛm yɔɔdʋʋ yɔ. Nɛ ñɛ yɔ? Ŋsɔɔlaa se ŋha lalaa kʋjɔʋ ŋgʋ kɩkɛdɩɣnɩ-wɛ yɔ? Yaa palabɩ-ŋ kʋjɔʋ ŋgʋ kɩlakɩ-ŋ leleŋ yɔ?
Pɩwɛ ɖeu se ɖɩsɔɔlɩ haʋ lalaa kʋjɔŋ weyi ɩkɛdɩɣnɩ-wɛ yɔ, mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ, kʋjɔŋ ɛnɩ, ɩhaɣ taa leleŋ weyi palakɩ-ɩ yɔ, nɛ weyi ɛlabɩ-ɩ yɔ. Bibl yɔɔdaa se: “Haʋ wɛ leleŋ pɩkɩlɩ mʋʋ.” (Tʋma Labʋ 20:35) Toovenim taa lɛ, ye ɖa-kʋjɔʋ ɛkɛdɩnɩ weyi ɖɩlabɩ-kʋ yɔ, piyeki nɛ ɖɩnɩɩ leleŋ nɛ pɩkɩlɩ.
Ye mbʋ, ɛbɛ pɩzɩɣ nɛ pɩsɩnɩ-ŋ nɛ ŋla lalaa kʋjɔŋ weyi ɩpɩzɩɣ nɛ ɩha ña nɛ wɛ taa leleŋ yɔ? Nɛ ɛbɛ ŋpɩzɩɣ nɛ ŋla nɛ ña-kʋjɔʋ kɛdɩnɩ lalaa, ye pɩɩsaŋ se ŋhiɣ kʋjɔʋ ŋgʋ “kɩkpaɖaa” yɔ?


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Pɔritigaalɩ
Pɔritigaalɩ kɛna Erɔpɩ nɛ hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ nɛ ɖɩwɛ Erɔpɩ ajɛya kɩkpɛndɩɣ ŋgbɛyɛ taa. Pɔrɩtigaalɩ wɛna Ibeeriki nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa. Pɔrɩtigaalɩ tɛtʊ sʊsɔtʊ yɔ Lisibooni.
Erɔpɩ hɛkʊ taa ajɛya taa lɛ, Pɔritigaalɩ kɩlɩna wɛʊ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa nɛ ɖɩ-kamaɣ yɔɔ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ nɛ ɖɩ-wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ lɛ Ɛsɩpaañɩ ɛjaɖɛ wɛna; Hadɛ kiŋ nɛ ɖɩ-wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ ɛlɛ Atilantiki lɩngamʊʊ.
Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩñɔ pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ hiu nɛ naalɛ taa nɛ pɩtalaɣ mɩnɩŋhiu nɛ kagbaanzɩ ɛlɛ ɖɩpɩsɩ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-ɛsɛ kulɩ sɩŋŋŋ yɔ Erɔpɩ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ kpeekpe taa. Kpaɣ mbʊ lɛ, ɖɩwɛɛna ɛjɛya wena ɖɩñazɩɣ yɔ paale: Afrika taa, Azii taa, Oseyaanii taa nɛ Amerika nɛ hadɛ kiŋ taa ɖɔɖɔ.
Pʊkɔma pɩtalɩ pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ nɛɛlɛ ɛlɛ Pɔrɩtɩgaalɩ ɛjaɖɛ pazɩ nɛ ɖɩhiu ɖɩ-tɩ paa hɔɔlɩɣʊ ŋgʊ: tɔsʊʊ nɔmɔʊ taa, poliyiki taa nɛ samaɣ yɔɔ kandayʊʊ tɔm taa.
Pɔritigaalɩ wɛ ajɛya wena aaɖʊ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ se palɩzɩ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se OCDE yɔ ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1948 taa pɩnɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se OTAN yɔ pɩnaɣ 1949.
Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩwɛ ɖɔɖɔ ajɛya kpeekpe kɩkpɛndɩɣ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se ONU yɔ ɖɩ-taa ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1955, Erɔpɩ Lɔntasɩyaa ŋgbɛyɛ taa ɖooo 1976, Erɔpɩ ajɛya kɩkpɛndɩɣ ŋgbɛyɛ taa pɩnaɣ 1986. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩwɛ Erɔpɩ ajɛya kpeekpe wena atɔkɩ liidiye kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ nɛ payaɣ-ɖɩ Eero yɔ a-taa.


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Ɛsɩpaañɩ
Ɛsipaañɩ ɛjaɖɛ kɛ Eerɔpɩ nɛ kɩ-hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ. Keteŋa kpeekpe lɛ, pɛkɛdɩɣ ajɛya wena a-taa eyaa ɖɔɔ ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, Ɛsipaañɩ ɛjaɖɛ sɛʊ nɛ ɖɩkɛ 28 ñɩnɖɛ nɛ ɖɩ-ɛyaa kpɛndɩ miliyɔŋnaa 46 pɩnaɣ 2015 taa. Mediiteraanee teŋu cɔ-ɖɩ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ nɛ hadɛ kiŋ payɩ nɛ pɩta ɛlɛ pɩkazɩ hɔɔlɩŋ nɩɩyɛ. Hayʊ kiŋ lɛ Piirenee, Andɔɔrɩ nɛ Kaskɔɔñɩ lɩm; piyele wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa lɛ, Pɔrtiigaalɩ ɛjaɖɛ nɛ Atɩlantiiki teŋʊ.
Eerɔpɩ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlyɛ taa lɛ, Ɛsipaañɩ kɩlɩna walanzɩ nɛ pɩkɛ Eerɔpɩ ajɛya kɩkpɛndɩɣ taa kɔyɔ Fransɩ ñakɩlɩna. Kɩ-walanzɩ taa wɛɛ kilomɛtanaa akpagba 504 030. Yee pɩkɛ Eerɔpɩ kpeekpe taa kɔ yɔ, ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩkɛ naatozo ñɩnɖɛ Ukrɛɛnɩ nɛ Fransɩɩ pawayɩ. Ɛzɩma Ɛsipaañɩ ɛjaɖɛ wɛ ajɛya lɛɛna cɔlɔ yɔ lɛ ɖɩ-taa tɩlɩtʊ nɛ lɔŋ ndɩ ndɩ sidi yem.
Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖooo pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ 15 taa kɛ ageeta nayɛ naalɛ nɩna ɖama nɛ akpɛndɩ kpɛm, ana yɔ, Kasitiiyi nɛ Araagɔŋ. Pɩwayɩ lɛ pɔsɔzɩ pɔ-yɔɔ kɛ kewiisi nasɩyɛ: Kirenaadi kewiyaɣ pɩnaɣ 1492 nɛ pɩnaɣ 1512 lɛ, Naavarɩ ñɩŋga. Pɔkɔma payɩ lɛ, kewiisi nzɩ sɩtɩŋga sɩkpɛndɩ kʊɖʊm kpayɩkpaɣ pɩnzɩ 1715 nɛ 1716 taa.


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Puligari
Pulgari kɛna Erɔpɩ hadɛ kiŋnɛ wsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ ɛjaɖɛ; ɖɩnɛ ɖɩwɛ Palikantiki tɛtʊ nzʊlɩmɩyɛ taa kpem. Puligari nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ, teŋu Kɩkpɛdʊ wɛna, hadɛ kiŋ lɛ Kɩrɛsɩ nɛ Tuurkii, hayʊ kiŋ Tanubi nɛ Rumani nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa lɛ Sɛribi nɛ Masedoni ɛjaɖɛ taa. Pulgari ɛjaɖɛ ñɔ pɩnaɣ 680 nɛ 681 taa nɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩlɩna Pulgari Sɔsɔʊ taa; nɖɩ ɖɔɖɔ ɖɩkɛna Erɔpɩ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɖiyɛ taa ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩlɛɣ ñɔʊ yɔ Ɛjaɖɛ.
Pɩnaɣ 1800 taa kɛ Puligari hɔɔlɩɣ naalɛ ŋgʊ ñɔɔ nɛ pɩkɔɔ pɩsɩɩna 1908 kɛ mbʊ yɔ Pulgari nɛ Caama ɛjaɖɛ hɛkʊ taa sɔsɔyɛ naɖɩyɛ wɛɛ mbʊ yebina nɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩpɩsɩ Socialiste taa ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ URSS ɖiya pɩnaɣ 1946 yɔ. Pɩnaɣ 1990 taa kɛ URSS kɩgaʊ ŋgbɛyɛ tɔlaa nɛ Puligari pɩsɩ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩtatasɩ wɛʊ Commusiste waa taa yɔ.
Puligari wɛ Erɔpɩ ajɛya kpeekpe kɩkpɛndɩɣ ŋgɛyɛ taa, OTAN ŋgbɛyɛ taa nɛ keteŋa kpeekpe tadɩyɛ laɖaa ajɛya kɩkpɛndɩɣ ŋgbɛyɛ taa ɖɔɖɔ.
Politiki tɔm taa Puligari kɛna ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊtʊ ɖiyuuna yɔ nɛ kewiyaɣ ñʊʊtʊ ñɔcɔŋnana minisiriwaa waa yɔɔ yɔ. Paɣtʊ lɩzɩɣ lɛ, komina nɛ paɣtʊ lɩzɩyaa palakɩna tʊmɩyɛ ɖinɛ, pɩkazɩ tɔm hʊya ñɛwɛna pa-ndɩ. Peeɖe pʊcɔ nɛ ɛyʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊtʊ lɛ, pɔtɔʊ caca nɛ samaɣ lɩzɩ-ɩ nɛ ɛpɩzɩɣ ɛtasɩ kɛʊ ñʊʊtʊ pɩnzɩ kagbaanzɩ wayɩ tam kʊɖʊmbʊ ɖeɖe.
Ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊtʊ ɛnʊ, ɛnʊ lɛ ɛjaɖɛ ̃ñʊʊtʊ nɛ ɛnʊ ñazɩɣna sɔɔjanaa tɩŋga; yee paɣtʊ lɩzɩyaa ɛlɩzɩ paɣtʊ natʊyʊ nɛ tɩtacaɣ camɩyɛ eɖeke ɛpɩzɩɣna nɛ ekizi-tu nɛ paasʊsʊʊ-tʊ; pɩtasɩ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ ɛnʊ lɩzɩɣna kewiyaɣ ñʊʊtʊ. Puligari ɛjaɖe ñʊʊtʊ kɩfalʊ yɔ Rossen Plevneliev; ɛlɛɣzɩ Gueorgui Parvanov kɛ kɔlaɣ fenaɣ 2012. Peeɖe ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊtʊ nɛ- ɛ-tɛɛ tʊ palakɩna tʊmɩyɛ. Ɛ-tɛɛ tʊ ɛnɛ, paatɔʊ caca se palɩzɩ tɛtʊ ñʊʊtʊ lɛ palɩzɩɣ-ɩ ɖɔɖɔ kpaagbaa.


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Antɩmʊwanɩ
Antɩmʊwanɩ kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 51 nɛ yʊsaɣ ñɩŋa yɔ Sb. E-tomnaɣ tɛkɛ ñɩɣlɩm pɩyʊ, ɛwɛna wɛtʊ ndɩ ndɩ, ɛwɛ sʊtʊ piŋ nɛ ɛtɩyɩ pɩcɛɖɛ kʊdɔŋ, ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ arɩsɛnɩkɩ yɔ (weyi pɛkpɛndɩ ɛ nɛ-ɩ nabʊyʊ naa taa, ɛzɩ hɔzɩŋ taa pɩtɩŋna pʊlɔŋ yɔɔ yɔ).
Yee paya-ɩ tobi se Sb kɔyɔ Berzélius lɩzɩna hiɖɛ nɖɩ, pɩlɩna latɛŋ kʊnʊŋ taa mbʊ se stibium yaa pɩlɩna krɛkɩ nɛ latɛŋ kʊnʊmɩŋ taa se stibi yaa krɛkɩ (s)timmi, ɖɩ-lɩna krɛkɩ kɩbɩnʊʊ taa σtίϐι / stibi nɛ pɩwɩlɩɣ se pɩkɛ antɩmʊwanɩ ñɩɣlɩm pʊtʊ kpeekpe, kɔzɩ kɔzɩ stibine maɣmaɣ.
Kpaɣɖʊ kajalaɣ ŋgʊ wɛɛ pɛtɛm lʊlʊʊ Yeesu Krɩstʊ wayi yɔ, Celse nɛ pline kɩbɩnʊʊ laba tʊmɩyɛ nɛ latɛŋ tɔmʊʊ sɩtɩbɩyɔm, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ ɖɩlabɩyɛ se yʊsaɣ, cɛjɛyaɣ (ɛzɩ ɛsa kila kpɛyɛ mbʊ yɔ) kɛ kpaɣɖʊ 18 wɛɛ taa ñɩnɩyʊ Jöns Jakob Berzelius lɩza tobi yatʊ se Sb, mbʊ pɩsɩna kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ antɩmʊwanɩ yatʊ.
Pline pɩzɩ ɛya hɩɖɛ ɖɔɖɔ mbʊ ɛ-tɛ ñɩɣlɩm tɛtʊ, ɛlɛ ehiɣ ɛlɩzɩ abalʊ nɛ halʊ. Abalʊ kɔyɔ sɩtɩbɩnɩ, halʊ kɔyɔ weyi ɛkɩlɩ paɣlʊ yɔ, ɛkɩlɩ yuŋ, ɛñɩlɩsɩɣ nɛ papɩzɩɣ papɩsɩ-ɩ mʊlʊm. Pline la tʊmɩyɛ tɔmpee anɛ stimi, larbaris, alabastre, ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ platyophthalmos i.e. pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se ɛsa sɔsɔna krɛkɩ kʊnʊŋ taa, Khôl ajana wondu cɔlɔ lɛ.
Pɩnaɣ 1990 alɩwaatʊ taa lɛ, ajɛyɛ wena akɩlaɣ huyuu antɩmʊwanɩ ñɩɣlɩm tɛtʊ yɔ anaa yɔ, Siini, Ruusi, Afrika nɛ Hadɛ ejaɖɛ, Bolivi, Mɛkɩsɩkɩ, Kanaada nɛ Ositralii. Mɩsɩkʊm fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 30 pɩnaɣ 1658, Louis 14 hiɣ sɔtʊ kʊdɔŋ sɔsɔʊ nakʊyʊ tɔɔnaɣ taa alɩwaatʊ ndʊ ɛkpakaɣ Bergues Hayɩ yɔɔ kiŋ taa yɔ. Ɛlɛ Guénaut, Anne Autriche ɖɔkɔtɔ ha-ɩ tɔtʊ kɔyɛ naɖɩyɛ ɛlaba-ɖɩ nɛ antɩmʊwanɩ nɛ vɩn sʊlʊm nɛ ɛwazɩ-ɩ hama yɔɔ. Kɛlɛ wiyaʊ ha waɖɛ se papazɩ labɩnaʊ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ antɩmʊwanɩ kɔ taa nɛ pawazɩ kʊdɔmɩŋ.


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Pɩnaɣ
Pɩnaɣ kɛna alɩwaatʊ taa alɩwaayʊʊ nakʊyʊ nɛ kɩkɛna fenasɩ hiu nɛ naalɛ. Pʊtɔɔbʊʊ se pɩnaɣ taa lɛ, kpɩtaŋ 52 wɛna. Yee pɛtɛyɩ pɩnaɣ hɛkʊ taa kɛ nabʊlɛ taa kɔyɔ fenasɩ looɖo wɛna nɛ yee pɩkɛ nabʊnza taa pɛtɛyaa kɔyɔ panaɣ fenasɩ naadozo. Pɩnaɣ taa fenasɩ kɔyɔ:
- kɔlaɣ fenaɣ
- lɛlaɣ fenaɣ
- lakɩŋ fenaɣ
- ɖomaɣ fenaɣ
- agoza fenaɣ
- mɩsɩkʊm fenaɣ
- hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ
- kɩyɛɛna fenaɣ
- salaŋ fenaɣ
- aloma fenaɣ
- kamɩŋ fenaɣ
- saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ
Pʊtɔbʊʊ se, pɩnaɣ taa lɛ fenasɩ naadozo wɛ tɔm naanza taa. Pɩnaɣ taa fenasɩ looɖo ñɛwɛ tɔm nabʊlɛ ɖeke. Kabɩyɛ taa lɛ pɩnaɣ hɔɔlʊʊ kʊɖʊmʊʊ wɛ ɛzɩ payaɣʊ se yolum nɛ lʊŋgɩyɛ yɔ. Kabɩyɛ taa lɛ evebu yaa pɛlɔ pɩnzɩ pakalʊ nɛ palabɩ-ɩ sɔnzɩ.


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Caŋgayɩ
Caŋgayɩ kɛna Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ ndʊ tɩ-hɛkʊ taa ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ yɔ. Payaʊ se caŋgayɩ yɔ, kabɩyɛ kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ, pʊtɔbʊʊ se « teŋu yɔɔ ». Pɩnaɣ 2012 taa paakalɩ ɛyaa lɛ, pɛkpɛnda ɛyaa ɛzɩ miliyɔɔnaa 18 500 000 nɛ tɩ-walanzɩ landammm taa wɛ ɛkɩtaarɩnaa 634 000 yaa kilomɛtanaa 6 340.
Caŋgayɩ wɛ lɩm pɔɔ nakayɩ cɔlɔ nɛ payaɣ-kɛ se Yaŋgɩ Jiyaŋgɩ nɛ pɔɔ ŋga ka-lɩm pɩyʊʊ siini teŋu ŋgʊ kɩwɛna wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa kiŋ yɔ kɩ-taa. Payaɣ Caŋgayɩ maalika yɔɔ cɔnɩyʊ kɩfalʊ se Yang Xiong nɛ ɛ-takayaɣ taa mayʊ kɔyɔ Han Zheng.
Ɖooo pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ 19 nɛ 20 taa lɛ, Caŋgayɩ tɛtʊ tʊnɛ, ndʊ kaakɛŋna Azii Pasiifiki taa ɖenɖe tɔsʊʊ nɛ ɛsɩndaa wobu kaakɩlɩ wɛʊ yɔ. Pɩkɔma pɩtalɩ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ akɔma nabɛyɩ kɔma nɛ pawadɩ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa lɛ, tɔsʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩpaɣzɩ pasʊ. Pɩnzɩ 1920 nɛ 1930 taa lɛ, tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa kɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa kɛ ɛsakuliye kaakɩla wɛʊ camɩyɛ.


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Tamerlan
Tamerlan (Persan kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ, Timur Lang) yaa Timour naŋgbaŋa tʊ, Timour Kɩkɩlʊʊ (palɩla-ɩ ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 8 pɩnaɣ 1336 Kech tɛtʊ taa pɩñɔtɩna Chakhrisabz, nɔɔnɔɔ Ouzbékistan ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛyʊ ɛnʊ ɛsɩ lɛlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 18 pɩnaɣ 1405 Otrar nɔɔnɔɔ Kazakhstan ɛjaɖɛ taa). Ɛɛkɛ Turc nɛ Mongol ajɛyɛ yoyu kpaɣɖʊ 14 alɩwaatʊ taa, waɖʊ sɔsɔ Azii wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ hɔɔlɩŋ taa kiŋ, Timouride waa kewiyaɣ kɩɖɛzaɣ kiɖe ɖʊyʊ, ŋga kacaɣ piliɖi pɩtalɩ pɩnaɣ 1507 yɔ.
Tamerlan sɩm wayi pɩnaɣ 1405 alɩwaatʊ taa lɛ, ɛ-tɛ Ampiiri ñʊʊ yɔɔ caɣya kaakɛ e-piya (Timouride waa), nɛ ajɛyɛ ɖoŋ ñɩna wena acɔ-wɛ ata yɔ ayɔkʊʊ wobu yɔɔ wobu Ampiiri pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩ Chaybanide waa kewiyaɣ kɩɖɛzaɣ tɛ Ouzbek kpa-wɛ nɛ ɖoŋ kpaagba ɖeɖe. Tamerlan lʊlʊʊ hɩɖɛ yɔ Timour.
Timour lang tɔbʊʊ se Timour naŋgbaŋa tʊ (lang lɩna Persan kʊnʊŋ taa lakaɣ kanɛ yɔ kɔ-cɔlɔ لنگیدن, langidān laŋidan, naŋgbaŋa ɖɔmtʊ). Hɩɖɛ nɖɩ palɩzɩ ɖɔɖɔ Mongol kʊnʊŋ taa Dogolon Tömör (ДoroлoH TөMөp, Tömör, naŋgbaŋa ɖɔnʊ.
Pɔyɔɔdʊʊ mbʊ se palʊla Tamerlan ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 8 pɩnaɣ 1336 Kech tɛtʊ taa, pɩkɛ haɖaa tɛtʊ natʊyʊ tɩñɔtɩna Shahrisabz tɛtʊ. Ɛ-yɔɔ tɔm samɩyaa ha-ɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa ñʊʊ leleŋ siŋ halɩ pɩcɔ palʊlɩ-ɩ. Ɖɩcɔna ɛ-caa Taragay, ɛkɛ wiyaʊ akpadɩyʊ Turc ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊ yɔɔ, malɩŋ Ɛsɔ sɛyʊ piŋ Barlas liɖe taa, weyi ɛɖaŋaɣ se ɛwɛna ɛyʊ weyi eyebina-ɩ ɛ-ñɩm yɔ, ɖozi kawɩlaɣ ɖoziye naɖɩyɛ. Ɛsɔ tiyiyu nɔyʊ ɛwɛ ɛzɩ evebupɩɣa keɖeɣa ñɩŋa nakayɛ lɩ ɛ-yɔɔ nɛ kɛcɛlɩ-ɩ you saɣ. Ɖoziye nɖɩ pe-egetiye taa shykh nɔyʊ lɩzɩ ɖɩ-tɔbʊʊ mbʊ se ɛkaɣ wɛnaʊ abalɩpɩɣa nakɛyɛ nɛ kakaɣ wabʊ kedeŋga kpeekpe nɛ you saɣ ŋga.
Pɔyɔɔdʊʊ ɖɔɖɔ se palʊla pɩɣa ŋga lɛ, ke-nesi yɔɔ nɛ calɩm kpem, nɛ pɩtɔzʊʊ Gengis Khan lʊlʊʊ tɔm, ɛzɩ pɛkɛtɩɣ-tʊ Mongol waa kɩbɩnjaazɩ mɛɛsaɣ tɛ tɔm taa yɔ. Ɛ-caa Taragay kaakɛna Barla waa ñʊʊ tʊ. Ɛɛkɛ Karachar Noyan sɛyɩ nɛ ɛwɛ ndɩ lalaa hɛkʊ pe-cejewiye ɛzɩ ɛkɛʊ kajalaɣ tʊ weyi etisi malɩŋ Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ tɔm yɔɔ yɔ. Taragay pɩzɩ ɛcɔna sɔɔjɛtʊ tʊma sɔsɔna wena ɛ-caa kaayebina-ɩ a-yɔɔ ɛlɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ ɛ-caa Burkul yɔ, ɛkɩlɩ sɔɔlɩ sukuli labʊ tɔm.


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Salɩvaadɔɔrɩ
Salɩvaadɔɔrɩ kɛna Amerika ilemiye taa tɛtʊ natʊyʊ nɛ peeɖe taa lɛ, ndʊ kɩlɩna wɛʊ ñɩɩɩ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩwɛ Amerika ilemiye taa nɛ ɖɩ-hɛkʊ nɛ hɛkʊ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩwɛna Hɔndurasɩ ɛjaɖɛ nɛ ɖɩ-wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa nɛ hadɛ kiŋ, piyele Kuwatemala ɛjaɖɛ lɛ, ɖɩwɛna ɖɩɖɩ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa nɛ ɖɩ-hadɛ kiŋ.
Pamaza Salɩvaadɔɔrɩ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ 20 742 km2 nɛ ɖenɖe lɩm wɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe takɩlɩ ɖɔʊ nɛ pɩmaɣna ɛzɩ 1,5 yɔ kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ. Amerika ilemiye taa tɛtʊ natʊyʊ nɛ peeɖe taa lɛ, ndʊ kɩlɩna wɛʊ ñɩɩɩ kɛ ajɛya lɛɛna taa ɛlɛ peeɖe kɛ ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ km2 taa nɛ patalɩɣ ɛyaa ɛzɩ 305 yɔ. Ɖooo pɩnaɣ 2014 taa pakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ pana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 6 328 196 yɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa yee pakalɩɣ ɛyaa km2 taa kɔyɔ, panaɣ-wɛ ɛzɩ 68 yɔ. Salaŋ fenaɣ 15 pɩnaɣ 1821 kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩmʊ ɖɩ-tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊ. Payaɣ Salɩvaadɔɔrɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊdʊ kɩfalʊ se Salvador Sanchez Cerén.
Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, ŋgʊ lɛ ɛsɩpaañɔɔlɩ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se San Salɩvaadɔɔrɩ nɛ ndʊ tɩkɩla walanzɩ ɖɔɖɔ. Yee ɛyʊ ɛsɔɔlaa se ɛyaa nɔɔyʊ kɛ kaŋgalafu yɔɔ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa kɔyɔ, pɩkɛna-ɩ kɩjɛyʊʊ se ɛma +503 ɛ-tɛ kaŋgalafu kpata yɔɔ pʊcɔ ŋɛ ɛɛma pɩtɛ ɛyʊʊ kaŋgalafu nimaɣ mayaɣ. Pakpazʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-kɩɖaʊ kɛdɛɛka nɛ pɛtɛ lɛ, wendu ndʊ peteɣu yɔ Augusto Coello lubina-tʊ nɛ ndʊ lɛ se ŋkɛ ɛsɔtaa mʊndʊsʊʊ nakʊyʊ.
Liidiye nɖɩ pɔtɔkɩ-ɖɩ peeɖe yɔ payaɣ-ɖɩ se Etaazuunii tɔɔlaarɩ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa abalaa kpadayɩɣʊ pɩsɩɩna ɛzɩ pɩnzɩ 72,3 yɔ nɛ halaa ñatalɩɣʊ ɛzɩ pɩnzɩ 77 yɔ. Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ ŋgba wena awɛ peeɖe yɔ anaa yɔ: Katolika mba (50 %), Protɛsɩtaŋ ( 36%), ɛyaa yem waa, pʊtɔbʊʊ se mba paasɛɣ ɛsʊɔ nɔɔyʊ yɔ patalɩ ɛzɩ ɛyaa hiu nɛ naalɛ yɔ kɛ mɩnɩuʊ yɔɔ nɛ aŋgba lɛɛna taa mba ñɛwɛ ɛzɩ ɛyaa 3 kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ.


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Takayaɣ hayʋʋ
Takayaɣ hayʋʋ kɛ payaɣna latɛŋ kʋnʋŋ taa size "papyrus". Takayaɣ hayʋʋ kʋnɛ, kɩkɛna wonuu kɩlɩzʋʋ yaa kɩlabʋʋ ŋgʋ palaba kʋnɛ mbʋ payaɣna fransɩ kʋnʋŋ taa size "fibres cellulosiques végétales".
Ɛzɩ-ɩ ɖɩtɛm n̄ɔɔdʋʋ nɛ hayu kiŋ cɛnzɩ taa yɔ, takayaɣ hayʋʋ ŋgʋ, kɩwɛ tɩŋ hatʋ tɩyɛ. Hatʋ ndʋ, tɩwɛ lɛbɛ lɛbɛ nɛ tɩwɛ ɖɔɖɔ fɛlɛ fɛlɛ. Heelim ɛfɛtʋʋ kɔyɔ, pɩpɩzʋʋ pɩkpaɣdʋ pɩlɔ ɛzɩ ɖoo polinda mbɩ yɔ.
Takayaɣ hayʋʋ kʋnɛ, kɩkɛ wonuu ŋgʋ kɩwɛna wazaɣ siŋŋ yɔ. Ki-ɖeke koŋ kɩ yɔɔ papɩzʋʋ pama paa tɔm kɩmamatʋ ndʋʋ lɛ. Takayɩ hatʋʋ tʋnɛ, pɛkpɛndʋ tʋ kʋʋ nɛ pama tɩyɔ tɔm kɩkalɩtʋʋ lɛ, kɛ pɔtɔŋ size takayaɣ kɩkalaɣ (livre).
Takayɩ hayʋʋ kʋnɛ, kɩwazʋ ɖɔɖɔ siŋŋ size papɩzɩ palɩzɩ anjaʋ waa paa mba. Ɖɩtaasɔɔ ɖɔɖɔ size, takayɩ hayʋ tɔm kɩmamatʋ tɔm ɖanʋʋ lɩzʋʋ yaa maʋ n̄ɩɣʋ lakɩ nɛ paɖaɣnɩ tɔm ndʋʋ naʋ takayɩ hayʋʋ kɩfalʋʋ lɛɛkʋ yɔ.
Takayɩ hayʋʋ wazʋʋ ɖɔɖɔ size paɖʋ nabʋyʋ. Kɩwazʋʋ ɖɔɖɔ size pama tɔlɩm tɔm yaa pataɣ tɔlɩm kɛ kɩyɔ nɛ pataɣɖɩ ɖoli yaa nabʋyʋ yɔɔ. Sakɩyɛ kpakʋʋ takayɩ hatʋ ndʋ nɛ polikina yaa palɩzʋʋna mbʋ payaɣna fransɩ kʋnʋŋ taa size "filtres" waa yɔ nɛ wondu lɛɛtʋ sakɩyɛ ɖɔɖɔ ndɩ ndɩ.


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Fezuu (esprit)
Wondu ndɩ ndɩ sakɩyɛ wɛ ɛyʊ ñʊʊ taa nɛ pɛkpɛndɩ kpɛm nɛ payaa se fezuu yaa kalɩzaɣ. Mbʊ pɩkpɛndaa nɛ payaɣ se ɛyʊ fezuu yaa ɛyʊ kalɩzaɣ yɔ, mbʊʊ yɔ : ɛyʊ naɣ naʊ mbʊ yɔ (perception) nɛ ɛyʊ ñaŋ yaa eseliɣ seluu mbʊ nabʊyʊ ɛsɩndaa yɔ (affectivité) nɛ ɛyʊ ñʊʊ taa pʊkɔŋ kɔm mbʊ yɔ (intuition) nɛ ɛyʊ maɣzɩɣ maɣzʊʊ mbʊ yɔ (pensée) nɛ ɛyʊ hʊʊ tɔm hʊʊ mbʊ yɔ (jugement) nɛ ɖɔnɛ kɩbanɖɛ nɖɩ pʊpɔzʊʊ se ɛyʊ ɛɖɔ yɔ (morale).
Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ aŋgba sakɩyɛ taa ɛyaa tɔŋ se ɛyʊ wɛ tɔm naadozo taa : tomnaɣ wɛɛ nɛ ciyam wɛɛ nɛ fezuu yaa kalɩzaɣ wɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ. Pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se fezuu kɛ ɛyʊʊ hɔɔlʊʊ lɛɛkʊ. Yee ɛyʊ hɔɔlɩŋ ɛnʊ ɛ-naadozo ɛ-taa nakʊyʊ ɛfɛyɩ kɔyɔ, ɛyʊ ɖɔɖɔ fɛyɩ. Ɛyʊ hɔɔlɩŋ ɛnʊ ɛ-naadozo ɛ-taa lɛ, tomnaɣ ɖeɖe ɛyʊ ɛza naɣ. Ɛyʊ ɛza ɛɛnaɣ fezuu, ɛɛnaɣ p. Lɛɣtʊ pɩlɩʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ se filozofii (philosophie) yɔ, kɩ-pɩlɩʊ taa lɛ, ɛyʊ fezuu tɔm pakɩlɩɣ yɔɔdʊʊ. Pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se pañɩnɩɣ kpem se patɩlɩ mbʊ payaɣ se fezuu yɔ camɩyɛ siŋŋ. Mba pañɩnɩɣ se patɩlɩ fezuu camɩyɛ siŋŋ yɔ, pɔtɔŋ se fezuu wɛ ndɩ kpem nɛ tomnaɣ. Ɛyaa mba pɔtɔŋ ɖɔɖɔ se fezuu wɛ ndɩ nɛ ciyam (âme). Lɛɣtʊ pɩlɩʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ se sikolozii (psychologie) yɔ, kɩ-taa ñɩnɩyaa tɔŋ se fezuu kɛ ɛyʊ fɩtɩyɩm taa tʊma ndɩ ndɩ, halɩ pɩkpɛndɩna tʊma wena ɛlakɩna maɣzɩm nɛ wena ɛɛlakɩ-yɛ nɛ maɣzɩm yɔ a-tɩŋa payɩ. Pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se wena ɛyʊ naɣ nɛ ɛlakɩ nɛ wena ɛlakɩ-yɛ kaasɩmtʊ yɔɔ yɔ.
Lɛɣtʊ piliŋa ŋg payaɣ se metafiziki (métaphysique) yɔ nɛ Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ aŋgba taa lɛ, pɔyɔɔdʊʊ se wonuu ŋgʊ kɩfɛyɩna tomnaɣ nɛ kɩwɛɛ ɛyʊ taa yɔ.
Pʊ-yɔɔ payaɣ mbʊ pɩtɩŋ payɩ pɩfɛyɩna tomnasɩ yɔ se feziŋ. Payaɣ Ɛsɔ se Fezuu, payaa Ɛsɔ tiyiyaa se feziŋ nɛ pɛtɛ payaa ɖɔɖɔ alewaa se feziŋ. Lɛɣtʊ piliŋa ŋga payaɣ se sikolozii (psychologie) yɔ, ka-pɩlɩʊ taa lɛ, pɔtɔŋ se fezuu kɛ ɖoŋ weyi ɛyʊ wɛna ɛ-fɩtɩm taa nɛ ɛpɩzɩɣ ɛlakɩ lɩmaɣza yɔ.
Fezɩŋ taa ɖɔɖɔ mbʋ payaɣ se eleu yaa aleewaa yɔ pɩwɛɛnɛ pɩkɛna yatʋ ndʋ tɩfɛyɛ kɛlɛʋ kɛ nɩʋ taa yɔ. Mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ aleewaa kɩbama wɛɛ nɛ kɩtɛkɛɛdaa wɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ. Aleewaa kɩbama kɛlɛ mba paalakɩ ɛzaɣtʋ yaa kɩdɛkɛdɩm yɔ. Aleewaa kɩbama mba pa-taa kɛlɛ ɛgɔlɔmɩyɛ yaa agɔlɔma. Agɔlɔma halɩ ñɩna wɛɛ nɛ abalɩ ñɩna wɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ. Agɔlɔma kɩbana wɛɛ hɔʋ yaa hɔŋ tɛɛ nɛ a-tʋmɩyɛ yaa a-tʋma kɛlɛ se akandɩ ɛyaa yɔɔ. Piyele agɔlɔma lɛɛna wɛ ɖɩsɩ taa. Paa ɛgɔlɔmɩyɛ nɖɩ lɛ nɛ ɖɩ-wazaɣ. Naayɛ wazaɣ kɛlɛ se ala nɛ tɛʋ nɩɩ, lɛɛna lɛ heelim, lʋlʋ, halɩkpaɣyɛ, tɔnʋʋ taa alafɩya, haɖaʋ, ɖɔɖɛ, ñɩm yaa tʋma ndɩ ndɩ.Pɩwɛ mbʋ lɛ, wayɩtʋ yaa wayɩ mba wAɛɛ nɛ mba kandʋna ɛsandɩnaa yɔɔ.
Feziŋ kɩpaŋ wayɩ lɛ, fezɩŋ kɩdɛkɛdɩŋ wɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ. Fezɩŋ kɩɖɛkɛdɩŋ ɩnʋ ɩ-taa kɔyɔ kanaɣ yaa kañasɩ. Kañaɣ yaa kañasɩ kɛna ɛyaa mba pasɩba nɛ paakɛ azaɣ yɔ. Sɩɖa mba pa-kalɩzasɩ ɩɩnaɣ ɖenɖe ssɩcaɣ yɔ pʋ-yɔɔ kɛ sɩyɛlɩɣna yem. Kañasɩ nzɩ, nzɩ kpaɣna ɛyaa kalɩzasɩ nɛ sɩtɔkɩna hama taa. Kañasɩ wayɩ lɛ ñazɩñazɩŋ yaa ñazɩñazʋʋ wɛɛ. Ɛlɛ pɩzɩɣ ɩpɩsɩ kpou yaa ɛzɩ tɛtɛ kpɩnɛ naɖɩyɛ yem yɔ nɛ ɛñazɩɣ ɛyaa. Ɛlɛ ñazɩñazɩŋ ɩnʋ ɛɛpɩzɩɣ nɛ ɩkʋ ɛyʋ nɛ hama taa.
Fezɩŋ kɩdɛkɩdɩŋ la lɛ, tozo ñɩŋʋ nakʋyʋ wɛɛ nɛ ɩŋʋ payaɣ se ɛmɩzɩyaa yaa ɛmɩzɩyʋ. Ɛmɩzɩyaa ñazʋʋ ɛyʋ nɛ efindiluu yaa ɩcɔzʋ ɛyaa ñʋntaa. Alɩwaatʋ ndʋ ɛmɩzɩyɛ sʋʋ ɛyʋ nɛ ɛpaazɩ ɛ-ñʋtaa mɩzɩʋ lɛ, pʋndʋ lakɩ lakasɩ kɩdɛkɛdasɩ ndɩ yem. Pʋndʋ lakɩ mbʋ pɩtatɩɩ fɛyɩ ɖeu yɔ.


text:
KƲTƆƆSƲTƲ
TAKƎLAƔA KANCAALAƔA NYƎŊKA
Kʋtʋlʋtʋ
Kʋtɔɔsʋtʋ tɑkǝlɑɣɑ kɑncɑɑlɑɣɑ nyǝŋkɑ kɑnɛ kɑ tɑɑ kɛ́ pɑ kɛɛsǝɣɩ Ɩsɛɣɛlɩ nyǝ́mɑ lʋlʋŋ loosi tɔm nɑ Tɑfiiti kɑwulɑɣɑ tɔɣɔʋ tɔm. Pɑ kɛɛsǝɣɩ kɑ tɑɑ tɔtɔɣɔ Ɩsɔ tǝyɑɣɑ ŋmɑʋ tɑɣɑnʋɣʋ tɔm tɔtɔ. Tɑkǝlɑɣɑ ŋmɑɑlʋ hʋlǝɣɩ-tʋ sɩ Ɩsɔ sɛɛtʋ ńtɛ́ pǝ tǝnɑ pǝ kite.
Ɩsǝnɑ pɑ fɑɣɑ Kʋtɔɔsʋtʋ I tɑkǝlɑɣɑ tɔ:
Atɑm lʋlɑɑ nɑ pǝ lʋlɩ Tɑfiiti, titite 1–9
Tɑfiiti kɑwulɑɣɑ tɔɣɔʋ tɔm, titite 10–29
LƲLƲŊ LOOSI TAMSƲƔƲ
1
Pǝ kpɑɣɑʋ Atɑm nɑ pǝ́ polo Ɩsɑʋ lʋlʋɣʋ tɔ
1 Atɑm pǝyɑlʋ kɛlɛ Sɛtɩ, Sɛtɩ pǝyɑlʋ kɛlɛ Ɩnɔɔsɩ. 2 Ɩnɔɔsɩ pǝyɑlʋ kɛlɛ Kenɑŋ, Kenɑŋ pǝyɑlʋ kɛlɛ Mɑlɑleyɛlɩ, Mɑlɑleyɛlɩ pǝyɑlʋ kɛlɛ Yelɛtɩ. 3 Yelɛtɩ pǝyɑlʋ kɛlɛ Henɔkɩ, Henɔkɩ pǝyɑlʋ kɛlɛ Mɑtusɑlɛm, Mɑtusɑlɛm pǝyɑlʋ kɛlɛ Lemɛkɩ. 4 Lemɛkɩ pǝyɑlʋ kɛlɛ Nowee, Nowee pǝyɑlɑɑ ntɛ́ Sem nɑ Kɑm nɑ Yɛfɛtɛ.
5 Yɛfɛtɛ pǝyɑlɑɑ ntɛ́ Komɛɛ, nɑ Mɑkɔkɩ, nɑ Mɑtɑyi, nɑ Yɑfɑŋ, nɑ Tupɑɑlɩ, nɑ Mesɛkɩ, nɑ Tilɑsɩ. 6 Komɛɛ pǝyɑlɑɑ ntɛ́ Asǝkǝnɑɑsɩ, nɑ Tifɑtɩ, nɑ Tokɑɑmɑ. 7 Yɑfɑŋ pǝyɑlɑɑ ntɛ́ Ilisɑ nɑ Tɑɑsisi, nɑ Kitim, nɑ Lotɑnim.
8 Kɑm pǝyɑlɑɑ ntɛ́ Kusi, nɑ Misilɑyim, nɑ Puti, nɑ Kɑnɑɑŋ. 9 Kusi pǝyɑlɑɑ ntɛ́ Sepɑ, nɑ Hɑfilɑ, nɑ Sɑpǝtɑ, nɑ Lɑkǝmɑ, nɑ Sɑpǝtekɑ. Lɑkǝmɑ pǝyɑlɑɑ ntɛ́ Sɑpɑ, nɑ Tetɑŋ. 10 Tɛtʋ tɑɑ wulɑʋ kɑncɑɑlɑɣɑ nyǝŋ Nemloti cɑɑ kɛlɛ Kusi tɔtɔ. 11-12 Lutɩ, nɑ Anem, nɑ Lehɑpɩ, nɑ Nɑfutu, nɑ Pɑtǝlɔsɩ, nɑ Kɑsulu, nɑ Kɑfǝtɔɔ nyǝ́mɑ mpɑ pɑ kɛ́ Filiisi nyǝ́mɑ tɔ pɑ cɔsɔ kɛlɛ Misilɑyim. 13-15 Kɑnɑɑŋ pǝyɑlʋ kɑncɑɑlɑɣɑ nyǝŋ ntɛ́ Sitɔŋ. Sitɔŋ wɑɑlɩ kɛ́ Hɛtɩ. Pǝyele Yepusi nyǝ́mɑ, nɑ Amolii nyǝ́mɑ, nɑ Kilikɑsɩ nyǝ́mɑ, nɑ Hifi nyǝ́mɑ, nɑ Alǝkitɩ nyǝ́mɑ, nɑ Sini nyǝ́mɑ 16 nɑ Afɑtɩ nyǝ́mɑ, nɑ Semɑlii nyǝ́mɑ, nɑ Hɑmɑtɩ nyǝ́mɑ cɔsɔ kɛlɛ.
17 Sem pǝyɑlɑɑ ntɛ́ Ɩlɑm, nɑ Asuu, nɑ Alǝpɑsɑtɩ, nɑ Lutɩ, nɑ Alɑm, nɑ Usi, nɑ Huulɩ, nɑ Ketɛɛ, nɑ Mesɛkɩ. 18 Alǝpɑsɑtɩ pǝyɑlʋ kɛlɛ Selɑ, Selɑ pǝyɑlʋ kɛlɛ Ɩpɛɛ. 19 Piyɑ nɑɑlɛɣɛ Ɩpɛɛ lʋlɑɑ, pɑ yɑɑ kɑncɑɑlɑɣɑ nyǝŋkɑ sɩ Pelɛkɩ. Pǝ nyʋɣʋ ntɛ́ sɩ fɑɣɑʋ. Mpi tɔ, ɩ wɑɑtʋ tɑɑ kɛ́ ɑtɛ yǝlɑɑ fɑɣɑɑ. Pɑ yɑɑ Pelɛkɩ neu sɩ Yɔkǝtɑŋ. 20 Yɔkǝtɑŋ pǝyɑlɑɑ ntɛ́ Alǝmotɑtɩ, nɑ Selɛfɩ, nɑ Hɑsɑmɑfɛtɩ, nɑ Yelɑ. 21 Nɑ Hɑtolɑm, nɑ Usɑlɩ, nɑ Tikǝlɑ, 22 nɑ Ɩpɑɑlɩ, nɑ Apimɑyɛlɩ, nɑ Sɑpɑ. 23 Nɑ Ofii, nɑ Hɑfilɑ, nɑ Yopɑpɩ. Yɔkǝtɑŋ pǝyɑlɑɑ ntɛ́ pɑ tǝnɑɣɑ mpʋ.
24 Sem pǝyɑlʋ kɛlɛ Alǝpɑsɑtɩ, Alǝpɑsɑtɩ pǝyɑlʋ kɛlɛ Selɑ. 25 Selɑ pǝyɑlʋ kɛlɛ Ɩpɛɛ, Ɩpɛɛ pǝyɑlʋ kɛlɛ Pelɛkɩ, Pelɛkɩ pǝyɑlʋ kɛlɛ Lewu. 26 Lewu pǝyɑlʋ kɛlɛ Selu, Selu pǝyɑlʋ kɛlɛ Nɑhoo, Nɑhoo pǝyɑlʋ kɛlɛ Telɑ. 27 Telɑ pǝyɑlʋ kɛlɛ Apǝlɑm wei pɑ́ kɔmɑ nɑ pɑ́ cuɣusi sɩ Apǝlɑhɑm tɔ.
28 Apǝlɑhɑm pǝyɑlɑɑ ntɛ́ Ɩsɑɑkɑ nɑ Ɩsǝmɑyɛlɩ. 29 Pɑ lʋlʋŋ nyǝ́mɑ hǝlɑ ntɔ.
Ɩsǝmɑyɛlɩ pǝyɑlʋ kɑncɑɑlɑɣɑ nyǝŋ ntɛ́ Nepɑyɔtɩ, Nepɑyɔtɩ wɑɑlɩ kɛ́ Ketɑɑ, nɑ Atǝpelɛlɩ, nɑ Mipisɑm. 30 Nɑ Misemɑ, nɑ Tumɑ, nɑ Mɑsɑ, nɑ Hɑtɑtɩ, nɑ Temɑ. 31 Nɑ Yetuu, nɑ Nɑfisi, nɑ Ketǝmɑ. Ɩsǝmɑyɛlɩ nyǝ́mɑ ntɛ́.
32 Apǝlɑhɑm ɑlʋ nɑɑlɛ nyǝŋ Ketulɑ nɑ́ lʋlɑ-ɩ Similɑŋ nɑ Yɔkǝsɑŋ nɑ Metɑŋ, nɑ Mɑtiyɑŋ, nɑ Ɩsepɑkɩ, nɑ Suwɑ. Yɔkǝsɑŋ pǝyɑlɑɑ ntɛ́ Sɑpɑ nɑ Tetɑŋ. 33 Mɑtiyɑŋ piyɑ ntɛ́ Ɩfɑ nɑ Ɩfɛɛ, nɑ Hɑnɔkɩ, nɑ Apitɑ nɑ Ɩlǝtɑ. Ketulɑ lʋlʋɣʋ nyǝ́mɑ ntɛ́ pɑ tǝnɑɣɑ mpʋ.
34 Apǝlɑhɑm lʋlʋnɑ Ɩsɑɑkɑ. Ɩsɑɑkɑ nɑ́ lʋlɑ Ɩsɑʋ nɑ Ɩsɛɣɛlɩ. 35 Ɩsɑʋ pǝyɑlɑɑ ntɛ́ Ɩlifɑsɩ nɑ Lewɛlɩ nɑ Yewusi nɑ Yɑyelɑm nɑ Kolɑ. 36 Ɩlifɑsɩ pǝyɑlɑɑ ntɛ́ Temɑŋ nɑ Omɑɑ nɑ Sefi nɑ Kɑtɑm nɑ Kenɑsɩ nɑ Timnɑ nɑ Amɑleke. 37 Lewɛlɩ pǝyɑlɑɑ ntɛ́ Nɑhɑtɩ nɑ Selɑ nɑ Sɑmmɑ nɑ Misɑ. 38 Seyii pǝyɑlɑɑ ntɛ́ Lotɑŋ nɑ Sopɑlɩ nɑ Sipeyoŋ nɑ Anɑ nɑ Tisɔŋ nɑ Ɩsɛɛ nɑ Tisɑŋ. 39 Lotɑŋ pǝyɑlɑɑ ntɛ́ Holi nɑ Homɑm nɑ ɩ neu ɑlʋnyǝŋ ntɛ́ Timnɑ. 40 Sopɑlɩ pǝyɑlɑɑ ntɛ́ Aliyɑŋ, nɑ Mɑnɑhɑtɩ, nɑ Ɩpɑɑlɩ, nɑ Sefi, nɑ Onɑm. Sipiyɔŋ pǝyɑlɑɑ ntɛ́ Ayɑ, nɑ Anɑ. 41 Anɑ pǝyɑlʋ kɛlɛ Tisɔŋ, Tisɔŋ pǝyɑlʋ kɛlɛ Hɑmǝlɑŋ, nɑ Ɩsepɑŋ, nɑ Ɩtǝlɑŋ, nɑ Kelɑŋ. 42 Ɩsɛɛ pǝyɑlɑɑ ntɛ́ Pilehɑŋ, nɑ Sɑfɑŋ, nɑ Yɑkɑŋ. Tisɑŋ pǝyɑlɑɑ ntɛ́ Usi, nɑ Alɑŋ.
Ɩtɔm nyǝ́mɑ ɑwulɑɑ nɑ pɑ nyʋɣʋ nyǝ́mɑ
(Kɑncɑɑlɑɣɑ 36:31-43)
43-50 Awulɑɑ mpɑ pɑ́ tɔkɑɣɑ kɑwulɑɣɑ kɛ Ɩtɔm tɛtʋ tɑɑ nɑ pɑ́ kɑɑsǝɣɩ tǝmɑ, nɑ pǝ́cɔ́ Ɩsɛɣɛlɩ nyǝ́mɑ tɔkɩ pɑ kɑwulɑɣɑ tɔ pɑ hǝlɑ ntɔ. Tinɑpɑ tɛtʋ tʋ Peyɔɔ pǝyɑlʋ Pelɑ. Pelɑ sǝpɑ, ɩlɛnɑ Posolɑ tɛtʋ tʋ Selɑ pǝyɑlʋ Yopɑpɩ nɑ́ɑ́ tɔɣɔ. Pǝlɛ pǝ wɑɑlɩ kɛ́ Temɑŋ tɛtʋ tʋ Husɑm nɑ Afi tɛtʋ tʋ Petɑtɩ pǝyɑlʋ Hɑtɑtɩ. Ɩnɩ ɩ yoonnɑ Mɑtiyɑŋ tɛtʋ nyǝ́mɑ kɛ Mowɑpʋ tɛtʋ tɑɑ nɑ ɩ́ kǝlɩ-wɛ. Nɑ Mɑsǝlǝkɑ tɛtʋ tʋ Sɑmǝlɑ nɑ Lehopoti tɛtʋ tʋ Sɑwuli kɛ pɔɣɔ nɔɣɔ. Nɑ Akǝpɔɔ pǝyɑlʋ Pɑɑlɩ Hɑnɑŋ, nɑ Pɑyi tɛtʋ tʋ Hɑtɑtɩ wei ɩ́ kpɑɣɑ Mɑtǝlɛtɩ pɛɛlɔ Mɑtɑpeeli tɔ, Me-Sɑhɑpɩ sɑɑlɩ kɛlɛ.
51 Wulɑʋ Hɑtɑtɩ sǝm wɑɑlɩ kɛ́ lʋlʋŋ nyʋɣʋ nyǝ́mɑ tɔkɑɣɑ kɑwulɑɣɑ kɛ Ɩtɔm tɔɔ. Hɑlɩ pɛlɛ pɑ hǝlɑ ntɛ́ Timnɑ, nɑ Alǝfɑ, nɑ Yetɛtɩ, 52 nɑ Oholipɑmɑ, nɑ Ɩlɑ, nɑ Pinoŋ. 53 Nɑ Kenɑsɩ, nɑ Temɑŋ, nɑ Mipisɑɑ, 54 nɑ Mɑkǝtǝyɛlɩ nɑ Ɩlɑm. Ɩtɔm lʋlʋŋ nyʋɣʋ nyǝ́mɑ ntɛ́.


text:
Leemuu
Leemuu kɛ nandʊʊ piye tɩŋ, pɩkɛ leemuu tɩŋ piye kɩkɛ tɩŋ tamsʊʊ cejewiye taa nandʊʊ piye. Ɛ-ɖɔɔ sakɩyɛ nɛ kajalaɣ lɛ, ɛlɩnɛ Citrus simens tɩŋ tɛ ɛzɩ calɩm leemɩŋ nɛ ñaŋ leemɩŋ weyi ɛlɩnɛ leemɩŋ nɩ ndɩ cɔlɔ yɔ. Pɩkɛ tɩŋ piye ndɩ pɔtɔkɩ-ɖɩ yɔ, ɖɩ-hɩɖɛ sɛwa pɩlɩnɛ kɩ-tɛ fitamini C paa papɩzɩɣ se pɛkɛtɩna-kʊ nɛ tɩŋ pee lɛɛnaa nɛ tɩŋ hatʊ lɛɛtʊ yɔ. Pɩkɛ tɩŋ piye nanza ñɩndɛ ndɩ pakɩlɩ hayʊʊ kedeŋga kpeekpe taa yɔ.
Leemuu ɛzɩ ɖɩnɩɣ kɩ-hɩɖɛ yɔ wɛna leemuu tɛ sɛmɩŋ. Kɩ-tɔnʊʊ wɛ kpɩzɩŋ nɛ kɩ-yɔɔ wɛ ñɔkʊ ñɔkʊ. kɩ-taa wɛ hɔɔlɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ kɩ-kopuu mandarini yɔ. Kɩ-taa lɩm wɛ lelemɩnaɣ nɛ pɩ-taa wɛ sikiri nɛ ñɩmɩŋ nɛ pɩ-taa wɛ fitamini C. Palakɩ-kʊ nɛ saladɩ nɛ anasaayɩ cotuu yaa pɔñɔʊ kɩ-lɩm. Calɩm leemɩŋ kpaɣ ɛ-hɩɖɛ ɖenɖe keeke ɛkɛ kɩsɛmɩŋ ɛ-tomnaɣ yɔ. Pɩtɛ sɛmɩŋ ɛnʊ ɛlɩnɛ antocyane cɔlɔ nɛ pɩkpeekpe pɩkpɛndʊʊ tɩŋ nɩɩyɛ tɛ lɛ, pɩpɩsɩɣ niikaɣ. Leemuu tɛ antocyane ɖoo kiɖe tɛ lɛ, pɩwɛ yuulee ɛlɛ pɩpɩsɩɣ kɩsɛmɩŋ pɩkatʊʊ leemuu ñɩmɩŋ lɩm.
Leemuu tɛ nɛ Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɖɩpɩzɩɣ ɖɩtɩlɩɣ nɔmɔŋ sɔsɔŋ nɩɩlɛ weyi kɩtɩŋga nɛ kʊsʊʊ Eerɔpʊ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Mediteranee nɔmɔʊ canaʊ katʊʊ alɩwaatʊ taa (kpaɣɖʊ 9 nɛ 13) pɩlɩnɛ leemuu ñaŋ ŋgʊ ŋgʊ Pɛrɩsɩ mba ɖɛzaɣ Arabɩ mba piye nɩ pɔsɔ-dɩ Sisili ɛjaɖɛ taa ɖenɖe kɩmɩzaa nɛ pɩtalɩ Erɔpʊ tɩŋga taa yɔ.
Nabʊlɛ alɩwaatʊ taa lɛ, kpaɣɖʊ 16 taa lɛ, Pɔrɩtɩkɛ mɛlɛ naa taa nɔmɔŋ woɖaa lɩɣ leleŋ leemuu yɔ siini nɛ papɩsɩna-kʊ Eerɔpʊ ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ kɩwa leemuu ñŋ ŋgʊ. Ɖooo kpaɣɖʊ nɛɛlɛ hɛkʊ alɩwaatʊ taa lɛ leemuu kɛkɛ ajana pʊyʊʊ nɛ pahaɣ-kʊ ɛzɩ Nɔwɛlɩ kʊjɔʊ nɛ Nicolas kɩɖeɖeʊ (Peyibaa) kɛ piya. Kɩ-haɖaʊ kawaba mbʊ ɖooo lɔŋ lɛ kɩpɩsɩɣ maŋpɩza waa ɖoŋ pɩyʊʊ.


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Sɛŋkɩ (zinc)
Kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ wonuu nakʊyʊ wɛɛ nɛ payaɣ-kʊ se sɛŋkɩ. Kɩ-kɩlɛmʊʊ yaa ki-kumoɖe lɛ Zn. Kɩ-mayaɣ ñɛkɛ 30. Kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ wonuu sɛŋkɩ wɛ ɖeyi ɖeyi ɛzɩ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ wonuu ŋgʊ payaɣ se mañɩzɩyɔm yɔ. Sɛŋkɩ mʊʊ kalɩkɔdaɣ. Kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ wondu ɖɔ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ Tɛtʊ pɔɔɖɛ taa. Kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ wondu ndʊ tɩkɩlɩ tɔyʊʊ sɛŋkɩ yɔ tɩkpɛndɩ 23. Pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ wondu nɛɛlɛ nɛ naadozo (23) tɩ-wayɩ lɛ, sɛŋkɩ kɩlɩna kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ wondu lɛɛtʊ tɔyʊʊ. Sɛŋkɩ taa wondu kagbaanzɩ natʊyʊ wɛɛ, tɩlɩ ɖama ɖeyi ɖeyi. Wondu kagbaanzɩ ndʊ tɩwɛ sɛŋkɩ taa, tiituu, tɩɩkɛʊ lone.
Ñɩɣlɩm tɛtʊ ndɩ ndɩ wɛ sɛŋkɩ taa. Ɛlɛ, ñɩɣlɩm tɛtʊ ndʊ payaɣ se sɩfaleriti (sphalérite) yɔ, ndʊ kɩlɩna tɔyʊʊ sɛŋkɩ taa nɛ pɩkɩlɩ. Ñɩɣlɩm tɛtʊ ndʊʊ payaɣ se sɛŋkɩ tɛ silifiiri (sulfure de zinc). Pɩnaɣ 2010 ñɩŋga taa pohuyi sɛŋkɩ pɩtalɩ tɔɔnɩ waa miiliyɔɔ waa nasɩlɛ nɛ nɩɩnʊwa (250) kedeŋa kpeekpe yɔɔ. Sɛŋkɩ tɔɔnɩ waa mɩnʊʊ yɔɔ lɛ, panaɣ tɔɔnɩ waa 21,2 Ositralii ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ 16,8 Siini ñɩnɖɛ taa. Pɩnaɣ 2010 ñɩŋga ŋga ka-taa Siini nɛ Peruu nɛ Ositralii pa-ajɛya tasɩ huyuu sɛŋkɩ tɔɔnɩ waa miiliyɔɔ waa hiu nɛ naalɛ (12) nɛ pʊsɔzɩ kedeŋa kpeekpe sɛŋkɩ tɔɔnɩ waa mba pohuyaa yɔ pɔ-yɔɔ. Sɛŋkɩ tɛ tɔɔnɩ waa mba pɔsɔza mbʊ yɔ, pɔ-tɔɔnɩ waa mɩnʊʊ yɔɔ lɛ, Siini ɛjaɖɛ huyi tɔɔnɩ waa 29,2. Peruu ɛjaɖɛ ñohuyi tɔɔnɩ waa 12,7 nɛ Ositralii ɛjaɖɛ ñohuyi tɔɔnɩ waa 12,1.


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Ðɔ-tɔm susuu tʋmɩyɛ
TƆM SUSUU TƲMƖYƐ
Tɔm susuu kooka ŋga ka-taa Aseɣɖe Tɩnaa fɛyɩ yɔ
—Oostralii
Ða nɛ Yehowa Aseɣɖe Tɩnaa hɔʋ nakʋyʋ ɖɩkʋyaa nɛ ɖiwolo ɖenɖe tɔm susuyaa tɩɖɔɔ yɔ nɛ ɖisusi Bibl taa toovenim tɔm Oostralii ɛjaɖɛ taa poliŋ hɔɔlɩŋ nɩɩyɩ taa.
TƆM SUSUU TƲMƖYƐ
Tɔm susuu kooka ŋga ka-taa Aseɣɖe Tɩnaa fɛyɩ yɔ
—Oostralii
Ða nɛ Yehowa Aseɣɖe Tɩnaa hɔʋ nakʋyʋ ɖɩkʋyaa nɛ ɖiwolo ɖenɖe tɔm susuyaa tɩɖɔɔ yɔ nɛ ɖisusi Bibl taa toovenim tɔm Oostralii ɛjaɖɛ taa poliŋ hɔɔlɩŋ nɩɩyɩ taa.
Tɩŋnɩ JW.ORG yɔɔ nɛ ŋsusi Bibl tɔm
Yehowa Aseɣɖe Tɩnaa, evebiya nɛ akpadɩyaa pa-tɩŋa, pɔsɔɔlaa se paɖaɣnɩ ñɔɔzʋʋ pɛ-tɛ intɛrnɛɛtɩ lone se papɩzɩ nɛ patanɩ Kewiyaɣ laŋhɛzɩyɛ tɔm ɛyaa sakɩyɛ.


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Kɔfɩ kɛna sʊlɩm mbʊ ɛyʊ pɩzɩɣ ɛñɔɔ nɛ ɖom ɛtaakpayɩ yɔ. Kɔfɩ tɩʊ lʊlʊʊ na pee ana.
Kɔfɩ haɖaʊ tɔya ajɛya wena a-taa wɩsɩ ñakɩ camɩyɛ yɔ. Pahayʊʊ kɔfɩ yɔ, pɛɖɛʊ na-kɩ-pee ajɛya lɛɛna taa nɛ pʊcɔ pɛpɛdɩ-yɛ. Kɔfɩ kɛna tɔɔnasɩ taa tɔɔnaɣ ŋga pakɩlɩɣ pɛdʊ ajɛya sɔsɔna kɩyakɩŋ taa yɔ. Kɩkɛna ñɩm sɔsɔm kɛ ajɛya wena ahayɩɣ-kʊ yɔ. Kaɖazim wayɩ lɛ, kɔfɩ pakɩlɩɣ pɛdɩɣ ajɛya kpeekpe taa; ɛlɛ tɔm tʊnɛ yɔ, ñɩnɩyaa sakɩyɛ wɛɛ nɛ paatɩsɩɣ tʊyɔɔ caamɩyɛ nɛ paɖɩɣna ñɩnɩɣ se pana se toovenim mbʊ lɛ?
Main exporters by country in 2015/16[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]


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Emeroodi
Mbʊ payaɣ se emeroodi yɔ, pɩkɛ ñɩɣlɩm pɩyɛ naɖɩyɛ. Pɩkɛ ñɩɣlɩm pɛ wena payaɣ se silikatɩ yɔ a-taa naɖɩyɛ. Pɛtɛyɩ ñɩɣlɩm pɛ huwa ndɩ ndɩ. Payaɣ ñɩɣlɩm pɛ naayɛ se siklosiliikate waa. Pɛ ana awɛ ɛzɩ pɛ wena payaɣ se peerili waa yɔ. Mbʊ payaɣ se kromi nɛ fanadiyɔɔm yɔ peyebina nɛ emeroodi ñɩɣlɩm pɩyɛ wɛɛna tɩŋ hatʊ tɔlɩm. Nabʊyʊ taa ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, ñɩɣyʊʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ se fɛɛrɩ yɔ kiyekina nɛ emeroodi ñɩɣlɩm pɩyɛ wɛɣna tɩŋ hatʊ tɔlɩm. Ñɩɣlɩm pɛ kpɛndɩ naanza. Emeroodi kɛ ñɩɣlɩm pɛ ana a-taa lɛɛɖɛ.
Ñɩɣlɩm pɩyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se emeroodi yɔ, ɖɩ-tɔm
Weyi ɛya pɩyɛ nɖɩ hɩɖɛ se «emeroodi » yɔ nɛ tɔmpiye emeroodi ɖɩlɩyɛ
Tɔmpiye emeroodi lɩna tɔmpiye smaragdus cɔlɔ. Tɔmpiye smaragdus kɛ Latɛŋ kʊnʊŋ tɔmpiye. Ɛlɛ, toovenum lɛ, laatɛɛ ñɩma taayaana Pɛrɩsɩ ñɩma tɔmpiye tɔmpiye zamarat camɩyɛ nɛ pɩpɩsɩ se smaragdus. Pɛɛrɩsɩ ñɩma ya pɩyɛ nɖɩ se zamarat, pʊ-tɔbʊ se «pɩyɛ ñamɩyɛ». Ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ ñɩɣlɩm pɛ lɛɛna yɔ, mbʊ ndɔnjɔɔlɩyɛ ɖɔ sakɩyɛ ñɩɣlɩm pɩyɛ nɖɩ payaa se «emeroodi» yɔ ɖɩ-tɔm taa. Pɔtɔŋ se pana pɩyɛ nɖɩ Babylone tɛtʊ taa nɛ pɩla pɩnzɩ kudoku nɛ pʊcɔ palʊlɩ Yeesu-Krɩstʊ. Pakpaɣ emeeroodo ñɩɣlɩm pɩyɛ nɖɩɩ Babylone tɛtʊ taa peeɖe nɛ kɩkɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa ñɩma tadɩyɛ liidiye pɔɔyɛ. Ɖooo caanaʊ alɩwaatʊ taa emeroodi ñɩɣlɩm pɛ wuluwuluwaa naayɛ kɛwɛ Egipitii ɛjaɖɛ taa, teŋgu kɩsɛɛmʊʊ cɔlɔ kpam. Emeroodi ñɩɣlɩm pɛ wuluwuluwaa mba pakpakaɣ nɛ polukina Egipiti kewiyaɣ taa sɔsaa ñɩɣlɩm wondu ndɩ ndɩ. Ñɩɣlɩm wondu ndʊ payaɣ se piijuu waa (bijoux).


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Caanaʊ (Antiquité)
Caanaʊ kɛ tɔm kɩpɩndʊ alɩwaatʊ. Pɩtɩŋna matʊ lɛɛzɩtʊ yɔɔ kɛ caanaʊ tɔm lɛɛzɩ pʊcɔ caanaʊ alɩwaatʊ yaa kɩbɩnjazɩ alɩwaatʊ. Alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɛyaa sakɩyɛ taawɛna matʊ ɛlɛ pama-tʊ ɛyaa nabayɛ tɛ takayaasɩ taa. Paɖʊ-tʊ ɛsɩndaa ɖeɖe tɔm taa.
Pɩkpaɣna ɖooo pʊcɔ caanaʊ tɔm ŋkɔɔ ntalɩ caanaʊ maɣmaɣ tɛ tɔm alɩwaatʊ kɛ wɛɣɛ sakɩyɛ lɩwa nɛ ɛyaa sakɩyɛ lɩ ɖɔɖɔ. Mbʊ ɖɔɖɔ caanaʊ alɩwaatʊ kɛwɛ pʊcɔ pʊtɔma Hɛkʊ Alɩwaatʊ yaa pʊtɔma Ɖeɖe ɖeɖe alɩwaatʊ pɩlɩna ɛsakuluye cɔlɔ nɛ pɩtɛzɩna kɩyaakɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ pɩtɩnŋa kedeŋga ajɛyɛ hɔɔlɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ. Hɩɖɛ ndɩ ɖɩlɩna latɛŋ kʊnʊŋ taa antiquus nɛ pʊtɔbʊʊ se kɩbɩndʊ yaa caanaʊ.
Erɔpʊ tɛ ɖeɖe tɔm tɛ lɛ, pɔtɔŋ se caanaʊ lɛ, pɩwɩlɩɣ pɩkɛ matʊ ɛsakuliye alɩwaatʊ Mɛdɩtɛranɩ teŋguu nɔ yɔɔ kpɛɣɛ kpaɣ pʊcɔ ɖeɖe tɔm alɩwaatʊ wayi nɛ pʊcɔ ndalɩ Hɛkʊ Alɩwaatʊ taa. Ɖeɖe tɔm kpɛkɩyaa nee mʊyaa sakɩyɛ cɔlɔ lɛ, caanaʊ alɩwaatʊ paɣzɩ pɩnzɩ kudokiŋ naanza cɔlɔ mbʊ yɔ pʊcɔ palʊlɩ Yeesuu-Chrɩstʊ (Pɩnzɩ 3500 pʊcɔ palʊlɩ Y-C, 3000 pʊcɔ palʊlɩ Y-C) pɩnɛ matʊ lʊbɩtʊ Mésopotamie nɛ Egipiti ajɛyɛ taa. Alɩwaatʊ tɩtɛma pɩtɩŋna tuda tɛ sʊʊ kɛ Azii nɛ Erɔpʊ tɛ hɔŋ taa kpaɣɖʊ 5 cɔlɔ (300 nɛ 600 pɩnzɩ taa).
Amerika ajɛyɛ taa lɛ, pɛkpɛnda caanaʊ tɔm nɛ pʊcɔ kolombii ɛsakuliye nɛ pɩtɩŋna pʊyɔɔ lɛ, kɩpaɣzɩna pɩnzɩ 1200 cɔlɔ mbʊ yɔ pʊcɔ ɖa-alɩwaatʊ pɩkpɛndɩna lɩzɩɣ matʊ kɩwɩlɩtʊ nɛ lɩmaɣza mɛfɛyɩ nɩɣʊ waa pɩlɩna Olmèque cɔlɔ nɛ tɩtɛ kpaɣɖʊ 16 alɩwaatʊ paɣzɩ cɔlɔ mbʊ yɔ pɩtɩŋna Erɔpʊ mba tɛ talɩɣ yɔɔ nɛ pɩtɩŋ kpaagba Sɔnɔ alɩwaatʊ (Hɛkʊ Alɩwaatʊ fɛyɩ).
Azii pɛjaɖɛ taa lɛ, wɛɣɛ a-naa atɛma kpam pɩnzɩ -200, pɩnɛ Qin kewiyaɣ kɩɖɛzaɣ ŋga katʊlɩ ɛjaɖɛ wiyaʊ sɔsɔ tɛ alɩwaatʊ taa nɛ Chola kewiyaɣ kɩɖɛzaɣ paɣzɩtʊ alɩwaatʊ Ɛndɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Paɣtʊ ɖɔnɛ ndɩ ɖɩkpɛlɛkʊʊ kɩbɩndʊʊ ɛsakuliye kɛ Caanaʊ kɩbɩnɩɣʊ tɔm, ŋgʊ kɩkpɛlɛkɩɣ ɛsɩnda ɖeɖe tɔm yɔ.


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Paɣtʊ (Loi)
Ɛyʊ waɖɛ tʊmɩyɛ nʊmɔʊ taa lɛ, mbʊ payaɣ se paɣtʊ yɔ, ɛyaa maɣmaɣ cakɩna nɛ paɖʊ-tʊ. Paɖuu-tʊ nɛ pɩtɛ lɛ, tɩwɛɛ paa weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ yɔɔ. Pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se paa weyi ɛwɛ paɣtʊ tɛɛ. Paɣtʊ makɩ paa anɩ. Paa ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊdʊ, paa kewiyaɣ ñʊʊdʊ, paa paɣtʊ lɩzɩyaa maɣmaɣ ñʊʊdʊ, paɣtʊ makɩ-ɩ. Ɖɩkpaɣ habɩyɛ yɔɔ ɖɔm paɣtʊ nɛ ɖɩnaɣ. Pesiɣ haba nʊmayasa taa tilima nɛ paɖʊ a-yɔɔ laatriki miŋ ndɩ ndɩ nɛ paɣtʊ tɔŋ se yes laatriki miŋ kɩsɛmɩŋ ɛlɩna kɔyɔ, pʊwɛɛ se lɔɔɖa sayaa nɛ kpokpo sayaa nɛ cɛɛcɛ sayaa pasɩŋ nɛ naŋgbanzɩ ɖɔna ɖɛɛ. Yes laatriki miŋ weyi ɛwɛ ɛzɩ hatʊ tɔlɩm yɔ ɛlɩna kɔyɔ, pʊbʊ payaɣ nʊmɔʊ lɔɔɖa sayaa nɛ kpokpo sayaa nɛ cɛɛcɛ sayaa se pɛɖɛɛ.
Yee mbʊ, paa ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊdʊ yaa kewiyaɣ ñʊʊdʊ yaa paɣtʊ lɩzɩyaa maɣmaɣ ñʊʊdʊ ɛɖɛɣ nɛ laatriki miŋ kɩsɛmɩŋ lɩɩ kɔyɔ, ɛsɩŋɩɣ. Ɛtasɩŋ kɔyɔ, habɩyɛ yɔɔ polisiwaa mba pasɩwa se pefeŋ nɛ pakpa mba paañaŋ habɩyɛ yɔɔ ɖɔm paɣtʊ yɔ, pakpaɣ-ɩ ɖɔɖɔ.
Toovenum lɛ, paɣtʊ yɔɔ pɩtɩŋnaa nɛ ɛyʊ waɖɛ lɩɩ. Ɛjaɖɛ taa lɛ, ɖoŋ naadozo ñazɩɣna. Kajalaɣ lɛ, mba pɔɖɔka kewiyaɣ yɔ, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊdʊ nɛ kewiyaɣ taa caɣyaa lalaa, paba lɛ minisi waa. Ɖoŋ naalɛ ñɩŋ kɛlɛ ɛjaɖɛ paɣtʊ lɩzɩyaa. Paba payaɣ se tepitee waa (députés). Ɖoŋ naadozo ñɩŋ kɛlɛ tɔm hʊʊ ñʊŋ tɩnaa.
Ɛjaɖɛ ñɩma lɩzɩɣna ɛjaɖɛ paɣtʊ lɩzɩyaa. Paɣtʊ lɩzɩyaa mba pacakɩna nɛ palɩzɩ ɛjaɖɛ paɣtʊ ndɩ ndɩ ndʊ tɩ-yɔɔ pʊwɛɛ se paa ɛjaɖɛ tʊ weyi ɛtɩŋna nɛ laŋhɛzɩyɛ wɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ taa yɔ. Ɛlɛ, ajɛya naayɛ taa lɛ, samaɣ tɩŋa cakɩna nɛ palɩzɩ ɛjaɖɛ paɣtʊ ndɩ ndɩ.


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Liidiye koozaɣ
Liidiye sɔsɔyɛ koozaɣ ɖɩsɩyɛ payaɣ se « Pankɩ ». Ɖooo lɛ, Togo ɛjaɖɛ kɛwɛna liidiye koozasɩ lʋbɛ ɖeke. Ɛlɛ, sɔnɔdaa yee pakalɩɣ liidiye koozasɩ ndɩ ndɩ nzɩ sɩwɛ Togo taa kɔyɔ, sɩtalɩ hiu nɛ naadozo mbʋ yɔ halɩ pɩɖɛɛ pʋ-yɔɔ.
Liidiye koozasɩ sɔsɔsɩ nzɩ sɩwɛ Togo taa yɔ, sɩ-taa nasɩyɛ hɩla yɔ :
- Société Générale
- BCEAO
- Coris Bank
- Bank of Africa
- Ecobank
- Orabank
- Diamond Bank
- UTB
- UEMOA
- Bank Atlantique
- BIA-Togo
- BPEC
- BSIC-Togo
- BTCI
Liidiye koozasɩ cikpesi lɛɛsɩ wɛ ɖɔɖɔ Togo taa.
Pɩnaɣ 2015 taa ajɛyɛ lɛɛna naayɛ tʋlɩ ɖɔɖɔ liidiye koozasɩ nasɩyɛ Togo taa. Liidiye koozasɩ ńzɩ, nzɩɩ yɔ : Coris Bank International nɛ Société Générale. Loma tɛtʋ taa liidiye koozasɩ sɩnɛ sɩpaɣzɩ sɩ-tʋma.
Liidiye koozasɩ naalɛ sɩnɛ, sɩ-taa lɛɛka tʋlɩ ka-tʋma ɖɔɖɔ Purkina Fasoo nɛ Kootidiivʋwarɩ nɛ Maalii pa-ajɛya taa.
Yee ɛyʋ ɛtʋlɩ mbʋ payaɣ se « compte » yɔ liidiye koozasɩ sɩnɛ sɩ-taa nakɛyɛ taa kɔyɔ, pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se ewokina e-liidiye nɛ ɛsɩɣ liidiye koozasɩ sɩnɛ sɩ-taa nakɛyɛ.
Alɩwaatʋ ndʋ ɛsɔɔlʋʋ se ɛla nabʋyʋ keem, pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se, alɩwaatʋ ndʋ ɛsɔɔlʋʋ se ɛla tadɩyɛ sɔsɔyɛ naɖɩyɛ yaa ɛla ɖiziye yaa ɛtʋlɩ faarɩ nakʋyʋ yɔ, ɛpɩzɩɣ ewolo liidiye koozaɣ ŋga ka-taa ɛtʋlɩ « compte » mbʋ yɔ nɛ pakɩndɩ-ɩ liidiye nɖɩ ɛsɔɔlaa yɔ nɛ pɩsɩna-ɩ nɛ ɛpɩzɩɣ ɛla e-liu ñɩm.
Kedeŋa kpeekpe yɔɔ cɩnɛ Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa liidiye koozaɣ ŋga payaɣ se Industrial & Commercial Bank of China yɔ kakɩlɩ paɣlʋʋ, pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se ka-taa ɛyaa kɩlɩɣ pe-liidiya sɩʋ. Liidiye koozaɣ ŋ́ga ka-wayɩ lɛ, Britanique ɛjaɖɛ taa liidiye koozaɣ ŋga payaɣ se HSBC yɔ, katɩŋɩɣna.


text:
LAAPAALƖ KƲPAŊ WEI
LUKU
ŊMAAWA TƆ
Kʋtʋlʋtʋ
Tɑkǝlɑɣɑ kɑnɛ kɑ tʋ Luku tɑ kɛ Yutɑ tʋ, Kǝlɛɛkɩ tʋ kɛ́, ɩ tǝmlɛ ntɛ́ lokotulo tǝmlɛ. Luku cɑɑkɑɣɑ sɩ ɩ́ hʋ́lʋ́ sɩ Yesu kɛ́ yǝlɑɑ tǝnɑ wɑɑsʋlʋ ɩlɛnɑ ɩ́ kɛɛsɩ Yesu lʋlʋŋ nyǝ́mɑ kɛ pǝ kpɑɣɑʋ Yosɛɛfʋ tɔ hɑlǝnɑ Atɑm. Mpi tɔ, yǝlɑɑ tǝnɑ cɔsɔ kɛlɛ.
Yesu tɑ kɛ́ Yutɑ nyǝ́mɑ tike nyǝŋ, ɩ sɔɔlɑ yǝlɑɑ tǝnɑɣɑ, kɑsɑɣɑmpiyɑ nɑ kʋnyɔntʋnɑɑ. Ɩ́ kɔmɑɣɑ sɩ ɩ pɛɛkǝɣɩ mpɑ pɑ lepɑ tɔ nɑ ɩ́ wɑɑsɩ-wɛ (19:10).
Ɩsǝnɑ pɑ fɑɣɑ Luku tɑkǝlɑɣɑ tɔ:
Yesu lʋlʋɣʋ nɑ ɩ pǝcɑɑtʋ, titite 1–2
Yesu tǝmlɛ tɑɣɑnʋɣʋ, titite 3–4
Yesu tǝmlɛ kɛ Kɑlilee, titite 5–9
Yesu pote kɛ Yosɑlɛm, titite 10:1–19:27
Yesu tǝmlɛ kɛ Yosɑlɛm, titite 19:28–21:1-38
Yesu sǝm nɑ ɩ fem, titite 22–24
1
Mpi pǝ tɔɔ Luku ŋmɑɑ tɑkǝlɑɣɑ kɑnɛ tɔ
1 Mɑ yʋlʋ Teufiili, yǝlɑɑ pɑɣɑlɛ mɑɣɑsɑɑ sɩ pɑ́ kɛɛsɩ mpi pǝ lɑpɑ tɑ́ hɛkʋ tɑɑ tɔɣɔ tɑkǝlɑɣɑ tɑɑ. 2 Ɩsɩɩ mpɑ pɑ nɑnɑ pɑ ɩsɛ kɛ pǝ kɑncɑɑlɑɣɑ nɑ pɑ́ pǝsɩ Ɩsɔ Tɔm tǝmlɛ nyǝ́mɑ tɔ. 3 Mɑ mɑɣɑmɑɣɑ mɑ tɛmɑ yɑsʋɣʋ kɛ pǝ kpɑɣɑʋ tɔm ntɩ tǝ kɑncɑɑlɑɣɑ tɔ, nɑ mɑ nɑwɑ pǝ tɑmpɑnɑ tǝnɑ. Pǝ tɔɔ kɛ́ pǝ lɑpɑ-m teu sɩ mɑ́ kɛɛsɩ-ŋ tɔm ntɩ tǝ tǝnɑ tǝcʋŋŋ mɑ yʋlʋ kʋpɑŋ. 4 Sɩ ń cɛkǝnɑ pǝ tǝnɑ mpi pɑ sɛɣɛsɑ-ŋ tɔ pǝ tɑmpɑnɑ kɛ teu.
Ɩsɔtɑɑ tillu sɩ pɑɑ lʋlɩ Ɩsɔ lʋm sɔlʋ Yohɑɑnɩ
5 Yutɑ wulɑʋ sɔsɔ Helɔtɩ wɑɑtʋ tɑɑ, kɔtʋlʋ nɔɣɔlʋ ɩ kɑ wɛ Apiyɑ kɔtǝlɑɑ looŋɑ tɑɑ, pɑ́ yɑɑ-ɩ sɩ Sɑkɑlɩ. Ɩ ɑlʋ kɑ kɛ́ kɔtʋlʋ Alɔŋ lʋlʋɣʋ tʋ, pɑ yɑɑ ɩ́lɛ́ sɩ Ɩlisɑpɛtɩ. 6 Pɑ nɑɑlɛ ɩnɩ pɑ tɔntɛ kɑ kɛɛsɑ Ɩsɔ kɛ́. Pǝ́cɔ́ pɑ tǝŋɑɣɑ Tɑcɑɑ kʋsǝsɩɩtʋ nɑ ɩ kʋheelitu tǝnɑɣɑ teitei. 7 Ɩlisɑpɛtɩ kɑ kɛ́ kɑɑlʋlɑɣɑ, ɩlɛ pɑ fɛɩnɑ pǝyɑɣɑ. Pǝyele pɑ nɑɑlɛ ɩnɩ pɑ pɩɩwɑ.
8 Ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ kʋyɑkʋ nɑkʋlɩ pǝ tɑlɑ Sɑkɑlɩ looŋɑ tǝmlɛ wɑɑtʋ, ɩlɛnɑ ɩ́ polo nɑ ɩ́ tɔŋnɑ kɔtʋɣʋ tǝmlɛ lɑpʋ kɛ Ɩsɔ tǝsɛɛlɛ tɑɑ. 9 Ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ pɑ tɔ tɛtɛ ɩsɩɩ kɔtǝlɑɑ lɑkɩ tɔ, ɩlɛnɑ pǝ́ kpɑ Sɑkɑlɩ sɩ ɩ́ sʋʋ nɑ ɩ́ wɔ tulɑɑlʋnɑɑ kɛ hɑtoo kɔtɑɣɑ tǝlɑtɛ tɔɔ. 10 Nɑ yǝlɑɑ sɑmɑɑ tǝnɑ wɛ ɑwɑlɩ nɑ pɑ́ tɔŋnɑ Ɩsɔ sǝlǝmʋɣʋ kɛ tulɑɑlʋ wɔpʋ wɑɑtʋ. 11 Tǝnɑɣɑ Tɑcɑɑ ɩsɔtɑɑ tillu nɔɣɔlʋ ɩ lɩɩ Sɑkɑlɩ tɔɔ nɑ ɩ́ sǝŋ tulɑɑlʋ kɔtɑɣɑ tǝwɔtɛ ntɔɣɔŋ tɔɔ. 12 Wɑɑtʋ wei Sɑkɑlɩ nɑwɑ ɩsɔtɑɑ tillu ɩlɛnɑ sɔɣɔntʋ kpɑ-ɩ nɑ ɩ lɑŋlɛ cɛ. 13 Amɑ ɩsɔtɑɑ tillu heelɑ-ɩ sɩ: Sɑkɑlɩ tɑɑ nyɑ́, Ɩsɔ mʋ nyɑ́ sǝlǝmʋɣʋ. Nyɑ́ ɑlʋ Ɩlisɑpɛtɩ kɑ́ lʋlɩ-ŋ ɑpɑlʋpǝyɑɣɑ, nɑ n kɑ́ hɑ-kɛɣɛ hǝtɛ sɩ Yohɑɑnɩ. 14 Nyɑ́ lɑŋlɛ kɑ́ hɛɛnɑ-kɛ pǝ tɩɩ fɛɩ, nɑ pɑɣɑlɛ lɑŋɑ kɑ́ hʋlǝmǝnɑ kɑ lʋlʋɣʋ. 15 Pǝ tɑɣɑ pʋlʋ, kɑɑ lɑ sɔsɔ kɛ Tɑcɑɑ ɩsɛntɑɑ. Kɑ kɑɑ tǝŋ sʋlʋmɑɣɑ yɑɑ kʋnyɔnyɔɔm kʋkʋkʋm nɑpǝlɩ. Feesuɣu Nɑŋŋtʋ toŋ kɑ́ wɛɛ kɑ tɑɑ kɛ́ sɔsɔm kɛ hɑtoo kɑ too lotu tɑɑ. 16 Kɑɑ mǝŋnɑ Ɩsɛɣɛlɩ nyǝ́mɑ pɑɣɑlɛ kɛ pɑ Cɑɑ Ɩsɔ kiŋ. 17 Kɑɑ yoosi kɑ tǝmlɛ kɛ Ɩsɔ ɩsɛntɑɑ nɑ Feesuɣu Nɑŋŋtʋ toŋ. Kɑ lǝmɑɣɑsǝlɛ nɑ kɑ toŋ kɑ́ wɛɛ ɩsɩɩ Ilii. Kɑɑ kpɛntɩ cɑɑnɑɑ nɑ pɑ piyɑ. Kɑɑ lɑ nɑ kɑɑnɩɩtʋnɑɑ tǝŋ tɑmpɑnɑ. Kɑɑ lɑ ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ sɩ kɑ́ tɑɣɑnɩ Tɑcɑɑ kɛ yǝlɑɑ kʋpɑmpɑmɑ mpɑ pɑ mʋnɑ ɩ tǝmlɛ lɑpʋ tɔ.
18 Tǝnɑɣɑ Sɑkɑlɩ cɔ ɩsɔtɑɑ tillu sɩ: Nyɑ́ tɔm tǝnɛ tǝ wɛ mʋɣʋ ntɛ? Pǝ tɑɣɑ pʋlʋ, mɑ wɛʋ ɩsǝntɔ tɔ, mɑ pɩɩwɑɣɑ. Pǝ́cɔ́ mɑ ɑlʋ mɑɣɑmɑɣɑ nɑ́ pɩɩwɑ.
19 Ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ ɩsɔtɑɑ tillu cɔ-ɩ sɩ: Mɑɣɑ Kɑpiyɛɛ kɛ́, Ɩsɔ cɔlɔɣɔ mɑ wɛɛ. Ɩnɩ ɩ tilinɑ-m sɩ mɑ́ yɔɣɔtǝnɑ-ŋ nɑ mɑ́ heeli-ŋ tɔm kʋpɑntʋ tǝnɛ. 20 Mpi pǝ tɔɔ n tɑ tʋnɑ mɑ tɔm nti tɩɩ tɛ nɑ tǝ́ lɑ tɑmpɑnɑ kɛ tǝ wɑɑtʋ tɔ pǝ tɔɔ n kɑ́ lɑ kɑmumukɑ. Nyɑ́ nɔɣɔ kɑɑ kuli, hɑlǝnɑ wule nte mɑ tɔm tǝnɛ tɩɩ lɑ ɩsɩɩ mɑ yɔɣɔtʋɣʋ tɔ.
21 Wɑɑtʋ ɩnɩ tɔ nɑ yǝlɑɑ wɛ ɑwɑlɩ kɛ́ nɑ pɑ́ tɑŋɑ Sɑkɑlɩ nɑ piti kɛ́ mpi pǝ tɔɔ ɩ tɑɑŋɑ sɔsɔm kɛ hɑtoo pǝ tɑɑ tǝnɑ tɔ. 22 Wɑɑtʋ wei ɩ lɩɩwɑ tɔ ɩ tɑ pǝsɩ nɑ ɩ́ yɔɣɔtǝnɑ-wɛ. Ɩlɛnɑ pɛlɛ pɑ́ cɛkǝnɑ sɩ ɩ nɑ́ pʋlʋɣʋ pǝ tɑɑ tǝnɑ. Ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ ɩ yɔɣɔtǝnɑ-wɛ nɑ niŋ, nɑ ɩ nɔɣɔ sulɑ mpʋ.
23 Sɑkɑlɩ tǝmlɛ kʋyɛɛŋ tɛmɑ Ɩsɔ tǝsɛɛlɛ sɔsɔɔlɛ tɑɑ, ɩlɛnɑ ɩ́ kpe. 24 Pǝ lɑpɑ wɛɛ nɑɑlɛ, ɩlɛnɑ ɩ ɑlʋ Ɩlisɑpɛtɩ lɑ teu. Ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ ɩ ŋmɛlɑ ɩsɔtʋnɑɑ kɑkpɑsɩ nɑ ɩ́ tɔ sɩ: 25 Tɑcɑɑ lǝsʋɣʋ mɑ fɛɛlɛ tǝnɛɣɛ pǝnɛntɛɣɛ yǝlɑɑ tɑɑ tɔ, kʋpɑntʋ kɛ ɩ lɑpɑ-m sɔsɔm.
Ɩsɔ tillu sɩ pɑɑ lʋlɩ Yesu
26 Pǝ kɔmɑ nɑ Ɩlisɑpɛtɩ ɩsɔtʋnɑɑ lɑ nɑɑtoso, ɩlɛnɑ Ɩsɔ tili ɩsɔtɑɑ tillu Kɑpiyɛɛ kɛ Kɑlilee ɩcɑtɛ nte pɑ yɑɑ sɩ Nɑsɑlɛtɩ tɔ tǝ tɑɑ kɛ́ pɛɛlɔ nɔɣɔlʋ ɩ kiŋ. 27 Pɛɛlɔ ɩnǝɣɩ Tɑfiiti lʋlʋɣʋ tɑɑ tʋ Yosɛɛfʋ kɑ mʋsɑɑ, nɑ pɑ́ yɑɑ-ɩ sɩ Mɑlɩ. 28 Ɩsɔtɑɑ tillu polɑ ɩ kiŋ nɑ ɩ́ tɔmɩ-ɩ sɩ: Mɑ sɛɛ-ŋ. Tɑcɑɑ wɛ nyɑ́ wɑɑlɩ kɛ́, ɩ hʋlɑ-ŋ pɛɛlɛɛ pǝ tɩɩ fɛɩ.
29 Ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ Mɑlɩ lɑŋlɛ cɛpǝnɑ ɩsɔtɑɑ tillu tɔm ntǝɣɩ sɔsɔm, nɑ ɩ́ mɑɣɑsɩ sɛɛtʋ ntɩ tǝ hʋwɛɛ kɛ ɩ tɑɑ ɩ tɑ cɛkǝnɑ. 30 Ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ ɩsɔtɑɑ tillu tɔmɑ-ɩ sɩ: Mɑlɩ tɑɑ nyɑ́, kʋpɑntʋ kɛ Ɩsɔ cɑɑnɑ-ŋ. 31 Nyǝnɩ, n kɑ́ lɑ teu, n kɑ́ lʋlɩ ɑpɑlʋpu nɑ ń yɑɑ-ɩ sɩ Yesu. 32 Ɩ kɑ́ lɑ sɔsɔ nɑ pɑɑ yɑɑ-ɩ sɩ ɩsɔtɑɑ Ɩsɔ Sɔsɔ Pǝyɑlʋ. Tɑcɑɑ Ɩsɔ kɑ́ cɛlɛ-ɩ ɩ lɔŋcɛ Tɑfiiti kɑwulɑɣɑ. 33 Ɩ kɑ́ lɑ Yɑkɔpʋ piitim nyǝ́mɑ wulɑʋ sɔsɔ kɛ tɑm tɔɔ, ɩ kɑwulɑɣɑ kɑɑ sɩɩ tǝnɑɣɑ.
34 Ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ Mɑlɩ pɔɔsɑ ɩsɔtɑɑ tillu sɩ: Ɩsǝnɑɣɑlɛ pɩɩ lɑ mpʋ nɑ mɑ́ tɑ nyǝntɑ ɑpɑlʋ?
35 Ɩlɛnɑ ɩsɔtɑɑ tillu cɔ Mɑlɩ sɩ: Feesuɣu Nɑŋŋtʋ kɑ́ tiinɑ nyɑ́ tɔɔ, nɑ ɩsɔtɑɑ Ɩsɔ Sɔsɔ kɑ́ lɑnɑ ɩ tomɑ kɛ nyɑ́ kiŋ. Pǝ tɔɔ kɛ́ pǝyɑɣɑ ŋkɑ n kɑ́ lʋlɩ tɔ pɑɑ yɑɑ-kɛ sɩ yʋlʋ nɑŋŋtʋ nɑ Ɩsɔ Pǝyɑlʋ. 36 Nyǝnɩ, nyɑ́ lʋlʋɣʋ tʋ Ɩlisɑpɛtɩ wei pɑ yɑɑkɑɣɑ kɑɑlʋlɑɣɑ tɔ, ɩ hɑɣɑ ɑpɑlʋpǝyɑɣɑ hɔɣɔ nɑ ɩ kpɑtǝlɑɣɑ, hɑlɩ ɩ ɩsɔtʋnɑɑ nɑɑtoso kɔlɔ. 37 Pǝ tɑɣɑ pʋlʋ, Ɩsɔ tɑ́ kpisi pʋlʋpʋ se.
38 Ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ Mɑlɩ tɔmɑ sɩ: Mɑ tɩɩ kɛ́ Tɑcɑɑ tǝmlɛ tʋ kɛ́. Ɩsɔ ɩ́ mʋ nyɑ́ nɔɣɔ. Ɩlɛnɑ ɩsɔtɑɑ tillu yele-ɩ nɑ ɩ́ tɛɛ.
Mɑlɩ puki Ɩlisɑpɛtɩ kɛ wiiluɣu
39 Wɛɛ ɑnɩ ɑ tɑɑ kɛ́ Mɑlɩ kʋlɑɑ nɑ ɩ́ lɔɣɔ ɩ tǝɣɩ Yutɑ ɩcɑtɛ nɑtǝlɩ tǝ tɑɑ kɛ́ pɔ́ɔ́ŋ tɑɑ. 40 Ɩ tɑlɑɑ ɩlɛnɑ ɩ́ sʋʋ Sɑkɑlɩ tǝyɑɣɑ nɑ ɩ́ sɛɛ Ɩlisɑpɛtɩ. 41 Wɑɑtʋ wei Ɩlisɑpɛtɩ nɩɩ Mɑlɩ sɛɛtʋ kɛ kpɑkpɑɑ tɔ, ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ ɩ tɑɑ pǝyɑɣɑ yɔkɑɑ nɑ Feesuɣu Nɑŋŋtʋ toŋ tii ɩ tɔɔ. 42 Nɑ ɩ́ yɔɣɔtǝnɑ nɔɣɔ sɔsɑɣɑ sɩ: Ɩsɔ koolɑ-ŋ kʋpɑntʋ kɛ ɑlɑɑ tɑɑ, nɑ ɩ koolɑ pǝyɑɣɑ ŋkɑ n kɑ lʋlɩ tɔɣɔ kʋpɑntʋ tɔtɔ. 43 Hɑlɩ mɑ tɑkɑ mɑ tɔɔ kɛlɛ wei ɩ kɑ lʋlɩ mɑ Cɑɑ tɔ ɩ kɔmɑ cɔɔʋ nɑ? 44 Mɑ nɩɩ nyɑ́ sɛɛtʋ nɑ mɑ tɑɑ pǝyɑɣɑ yɔkǝnɑ lɑŋhʋlʋmlɛ kɛ kpɑkpɑɑ. 45 Amɑ n nɩɩ leleŋ yoo. Pǝ tɑɣɑ pʋlʋ, n tɛmɑ nyɑ́ tɑɑ nɑ tɔm nti Tɑcɑɑ heelɑ-ŋ sɩ ɩ kɑ́ lɑ-ŋ tɔ.
Mɑlɩ yoo yontu
46 Ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ Mɑlɩ tɔmɑ sɩ:
Mɑ sɑmɑ Ɩsɔ kɛ́ hɑtoo mɑ lotu tɑɑ kɛ́ ɩ kǝlʋɣʋ tɔɔ.
47 Mɑ lɑŋlɛ hʋlʋmǝnɑ mɑ wɑɑsʋlʋ Ɩsɔ pǝ tɩɩ fɛɩ.
48 Pǝ tɑɣɑ pʋlʋ,
ɩ nɑwɑ ɩ tǝmlɛ tʋ kʋnyɔntʋ mɑ́.
Sɑŋɑ wɑɑlɩ yǝlɑɑ tǝnɑ kɑ́ yɑɑ-m sɩ leleŋ nɩɩlʋ.
49 Pǝ tɑɣɑ pʋlʋ, Tomɑ tǝnɑ tʋ lɑpɑ-m
kʋpɑntʋ sɔsɔɔntʋ kɛ sɔsɔm.
Amɑ ɩ hǝtɛ kɛ́ sɔsɔɔlɛ kɛ́.
50 Ɩ wiiki mpɑ pɑ nyɑŋnɑ-ɩ
nɑ pɑ́ see-ɩ tɔ pɑ pǝtɔɔtǝlɛ kɛ pɑɑ pepe wule.
51 Ɩ hʋlɑ ɩ tomɑ kɛ sɔsɔm.
Ɩ yɑsɑ mpɑ pɑ lotu tɑɑ wɛ ɩsǝcɑʋ hʋwɛɛ tɔ.
52 Ɩ kʋsɑ ɑwulɑɑ sɔsɑɑ kɛ pɑ kumlee tɔɔ,
nɑ ɩ́ tɔɣɔnɩ-wɛ.
Ɩ kʋsɑ kʋnyɔntʋnɑɑ nyɔɔŋ.
53 Ɩ hɑɣɑsɑ nyɔɣɔtʋnɑɑ kɛ tɔɣɔnɑɣɑ kʋpɑŋkɑ.
Ɩ tɔɣɔnɑ toŋtʋnɑɑ kɛ niŋ nɑɑnʋwɑ.
54 Ɩ sɛɛnɑ ɩ ɩfɑlɑɑ Ɩsɛɣɛlɩ nyǝ́mɑ tɔɔ.
Ɩ lɑpɑ nti ɩ kɑ sɩɩ tɑ lɔŋcɛnɑɑ sɩ ɩ kɑ́ lɑ tɔ.
55 Ɩsɩɩ ɩ kɑ heeluɣu tɑ cɑɑnɑɑ Apǝlɑhɑm
nɑ ɩ piitim nyǝ́mɑ kɛ tɑm tɔɔ tɔ.
56 Mɑlɩ cɑɣɑ Ɩlisɑpɛtɩ kiŋ ɩsɩɩ ɩsɔtʋnɑɑ tooso, ɩlɛnɑ ɩ́ kpe.
Ɩsɔ lʋm sɔlʋ Yohɑɑnɩ lʋlʋɣʋ
57 Pǝ kɔmɑ nɑ pǝ tɑlɑ Ɩlisɑpɛtɩ lʋlʋɣʋ, ɩlɛnɑ ɩ́ lʋlɩ ɑpɑlʋpǝyɑɣɑ. 58 Ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ ɩ cɔlɔ nyǝ́mɑ nɑ ɩ lʋlʋɣʋ nyǝ́mɑ nɩɩwɑ sɩ Tɑcɑɑ lɑpɑ-ɩ kʋpɑntʋ kɛ sɔsɔm. Ɩlɛnɑ pɑ nɑ-ɩ pɑ́ kpɛntɩ nɑ pɑ lɑŋɑ hɛɛ sɔsɔm. 59 Pǝyɑɣɑ kʋyɛɛŋ lɑpɑ pǝlefɛi nɑɑnʋwɑ ɩlɛnɑ pɑ́ kɔɔ-kɛɣɛ pɛlʋɣʋ, nɑ pɑ́ tɔŋ sɩ pɑ hɑɑ-kɛɣɛ kɑ cɑɑ hǝtɛ sɩ Sɑkɑlɩ. 60 Tǝnɑɣɑ kɑ too yɔɣɔtɑɑ sɩ: Aɑɩ, Yohɑɑnɩ kɛ pɑɑ yɑɑ-kɛ.
61 Ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ pɛlɛ pɑ tɔmɑ sɩ: Nyɑ́ lʋlʋɣʋ tɑɑ ɑweɣe pɑɑ yɑɑwɑ hǝtɛ ńtɛ́?
62 Tǝnɑɣɑ pɑ yɔɣɔtǝnɑ kɑ cɑɑ nɑ niŋ sɩ pɑ nɑɑ nte ɩ luɣu wɛɛ sɩ pɑ́ yɑɑ-kɛ tɔ. 63 Ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ ɩ hʋlɑɑ sɩ pɑ́ kɔnɑ-ɩ kpɑɑtɑ. Pɑ kɔnɑɑ, ɩlɛnɑ ɩ́ ŋmɑɑ sɩ kɑ hǝtɛ ntɛ́ Yohɑɑnɩ. Ɩlɛnɑ pǝ́ lɑ pɑ tǝnɑɣɑ piti. 64 Tǝnɑɣɑ Sɑkɑlɩ nsǝmlɛ hɛtɑ kpɑkpɑɑ nɑ ɩ́ sʋʋ yɔɣɔtɑɣɑ, nɑ ɩ́ sɑŋ Ɩsɔ nɑ nɔɣɔ sɔsɔɣɑ. 65 Ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ sɔɣɔntʋ kpɑ pɑ cɔlɔ nyǝ́mɑ tǝnɑ, nɑ Yutɑ pɔ́ɔ́ŋ tɑɑ nyǝ́mɑ tǝnɑ lɑkɑɣɑ tǝ fɑɑci. 66 Pɑ tǝnɑ mpɑ pɑ nɩɩwɑ tɔm tǝnɛ tɔ pɑ mɑɣɑsɑ-tǝɣɩ pɑ tɑɑ nɑ pɑ́ tɔŋ sɩ: Pepeɣe pǝyɑɣɑ kɑnɛ kɑɑ tɛ nɑ kɑ́ lɑ?
Pǝ tɑɣɑ pʋlʋ, Tɑcɑɑ kɑ wɛ kɑ wɑɑlɩ kɛ́ teu kɛ́.
Sɑkɑlɩ nɑ́ cele nyǝntʋ nɑ ɩ́ kɛɛsǝɣɩ-tǝɣɩ yontu tɑɑ
67 Ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ Feesuɣu Nɑŋŋtʋ toŋ kʋlǝnɑ Sɑkɑlɩ kɛ sɔsɔm, nɑ ɩ́ nɑ́ tɔmnɑɑ nɑ ɩ́ sʋʋ tǝ yɔɣɔtʋɣʋ sɩ:
68 Tǝ sɑ Tɑcɑɑ Ɩsɛɣɛlɩ Ɩsɔ.
Ɩ pɑɑsǝnɑ ɩ yǝlɑɑ kɛ nɔɔnɔɔ.
Ɩ hɛtɑ-tʋɣʋ tɑ́ yomle.
69 Ɩ lǝsɑ-tʋɣʋ wɑɑsʋlʋ wei ɩ wɛnɑ tomɑ tɔɣɔ
ɩ tǝmlɛ tʋ Tɑfiiti lʋlʋɣʋ tɑɑ.
70 Mpʋ ɩnǝɣɩ ɩ kɑ lɑpɑ nɑ ɩ kʋyɔɣɔtʋtʋ
tɛlǝsǝlɑɑ kʋpɑmɑ kpɑɑlɩ.
71 Hɑlɩ ɩ sɩɩ ɩ nɔɣɔ sɩ ɩ kɑ́ yɑ-tʋɣʋ
tɑ kolontunɑɑ nɑ mpɑ pɑ luɣu fɛɩ-tʋ tɔ pɑ niŋ tɑɑ.
72 Nɑ ɩ́ wii tɑ cɑɑnɑɑ cɑɑnɑɑ pǝtɔɔtǝlɛ,
nɑ ɩ́ tɔɔsɩ nɔɔsɩ pɛɛlʋɣʋ kʋpɑm mpi
ɩ́ nɑ-wɛ pɑɑ pɛɛlɑɑ nɑ tɑmpɑnɑ tɔ.
73 Ɩ kɑ tɩɩ yɔɣɔtǝnɑ tuunɑʋ kɛ ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́
tɑ́ cɑɑnɑɑ cɑɑnɑɑ cɑɑ sɔsɔ Apǝlɑhɑm kiŋ kɛ́,
74 sɩ ɩ kɑ́ yɑ-tʋɣʋ tɑ kolontunɑɑ niŋ tɑɑ,
nɑ tǝ́ pɑɑsǝnɑ ɩ luɣu nyǝntʋ nɑ sɔɣɔntʋ fɛɩ.
75 Nɑ tǝ́ wɛɛ tǝnɑŋŋ kɛ́ ɩ ɩsɛntɑɑ.
Ɩsɑɣɑtʋ kɑɑ wɛɛ hɑlǝnɑ tɑ sǝm.
76 Pǝyɑɣɑ nyɑ́, pɑɑ yɑɑ nyɑ́ sɩ ɩsɔtɑɑ
Ɩsɔ Sɔsɔ kʋyɔɣɔtʋtʋ tɛlǝsʋlʋ.
Pǝ tɑɣɑ pʋlʋ, n kɑ́ tɛɛ tɑ Sɔsɔ kɛ nɔɣɔ
nɑ n tɑɣɑnɩ ɩ mpɑɑŋ.
77 N kɑ́ heeli ɩ yǝlɑɑ kɛ ɩsǝnɑ pɑɑ lɑ
nɑ pɑ ɩsɑɣɑtʋ tɑɣɑnɩ nɑ pǝ́ yɑ pɑ nyɔɔŋ tɔ.
78 Tɑ Ɩsɔ kɛ́ yʋlʋ pǝtɔɔtǝlɛ tʋ,
nɑ ɩ hʋ́lǝ́ɣɩ́ suulu.
Ilim lɩɩkɩ tɑnɑŋ nɑ pǝ tewɑ sɔsɔm kɛ ɩsǝnɑ tɔ,
ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ ɩ kɑ kɔnɑ tɑ́ nyʋɣʋ yɑpʋ.
79 Pɩɩ lɩɩnɑ ɩsɔtɑɑ nɑ pǝ́ wɑɑsɩ mpɑ pɑ wɛ
sǝkpɛtʋɣʋ tɛɛ nɑ pɑ́ nɩɩkɩ sǝm sɔŋ tɔ.
Pɩɩ lɑ nɑ tǝ nyɩ ɑlɑɑfǝyɑ mpɑɑʋ.
80 Pǝyɑɣɑ tɔŋnɑ pɩɩʋ nɑ kɑ́ nyǝŋ lɑɣɑtʋ nɑ kɑ́ cɑɣɑ nyɩɩtʋ tɑɑ. Hɑlǝnɑ kʋyɑŋku kɑ lɩɩ Ɩsɛɣɛlɩ nyǝ́mɑ tɑɑ kɛ́ pɑtǝmɑ tɔ.


text:
Nelson Mandela
Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela, payaɣ e-cejewiye se, "Madiba". Palʋla-ɩ hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ hiu nɛ lutozo n̄ɩŋʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1918 taa Mvezo Afrɩka nɛ hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛsɩba saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ kiyakʋ kagbaanzɩ n̄ɩŋʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 2013 taa Yowanɛɛsɩbuur tɛtʋ taa. Nelson Mandela kɛkɛ Afrɩka nɛ hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ taa politiki laɖʋ nɔɔyʋ. Kajalaɣ caca ŋgʋ pɔtɔ Afrɩka nɛ hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ taa se palɩzɩ ɖɩ-n̄ʋʋdʋ yɔ, ki-ɖeɖe lɛ, tɛyɩtʋ taafɛyɩ ansaayɩnaa nɛ ɛyaa kɩkpɛdaa pɛ-hɛkʋ taa. Caca ŋgʋʋ pɔtɔɔ nɛ palɩzɩ Nelson Mandela nɛ ɛpɩsɩ ɛjaɖɛ ńɖɩ ɖɩ-n̄ʋʋ tʋ pɩnaɣ 1994 nɛ puwolo pɩsɩɩnɩ pɩnaɣ 1999 n̄ɩŋa. Ɛkɛ ajɛɛ n̄ʋŋ tɩnaa mba palʋba siŋŋ se, tɛyɩtʋ natʋyʋ ɛtaawɛɛ ɛyaa hɛkʋ taa yɔ, pa-taa lɛlʋ. Toovenim lɛ, tokaɣ sɔsɔɔ nakɛyɛ kɛwɛ ansaayɩnaa nɛ ɛyaa kɩkpɛdaa pɛ-hɛkʋ taa Afrɩka nɛ hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ansaayɩnaa takpakaɣa ɛyaa kɩkpɛdaa nɛ payaa se pʋyʋ. Tɛyɩtʋ ndʋ tɩɩwɛ ɛyaa hɛkʋ taa mbʋ yɔ, ndʋʋ payaɣ se, apartɛyɩdɩ.
Nelson Mandela sʋ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se, "Congrès National Africain" (ANC) yɔ ɖɩ-taa pɩnaɣ 1943 taa. Ɛsʋ ɖɩ-taa se, pɩsa nɛ ɛlʋbɩna tɛyɩtʋ ndʋ tɩwɛ ansaayɩnaa nɛ ɛyaa kɩkpɛdaa pɛ-hɛkʋ taa yɔ. Ŋcɔna Afrɩka nɛ haɖɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ taa yɔ, ansaayɩnaa tɔɖɔɔ patalɩ ɛyaa kɩkpɛdaa, ɛlɛ, ḿba ɖʋna tɛyɩtʋ pa nɛ ɛyaa kɩkpɛdaa pɛ-hɛkʋ taa nɛ ponuutuu-wɛ siŋŋ. Ɛkɔma ɛpɩsɩ tɔmhʋyʋ lɛ, ɛwɛɛ mba palʋkɩ se, ɛyaa ɛtaatɩŋɩɣna heluhelu lakasɩ yɔɔ se, pekisi tɛyɩtʋ paɣtʋ yɔɔ ɖɔm yɔ, pa-taa. Ɛyaa hɛkʋ taa tɛyɩtʋ paɣtʋ ńdʋ, ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se, "Partie nationale" yɔ, ɖi-kewiyaɣ ɖʋna-tʋ kpaɣna pɩnaɣ 1948 taa. Pekizaa se pataatasɩ ANC ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩlʋkɩ se tɛyɩtʋ natʋyʋ ɛtaawɛ ɛyaa hɛkʋ taa yɔ ɖɩ-taŋ nɩʋ pɩnaɣ 1960 taa. Mbʋ labɩna nɛ lʋɖɛ nɖɩ palʋkaɣ se tɛyɩtʋ natʋyʋ ɛtaawɛɛ ansaayɩnaa nɛ ɛyaa kɩkpɛdaa pɛ-hɛkʋ taa yɔ, ɖɩtawazɩ pʋyʋ. Ɛlɛ, Mandela ɖaɣnɩ ŋgbɛyɛ ńɖɩ ɖʋʋ pɩnaɣ 1961 taa nɛ ɛkɛ ɖɩ-n̄ʋʋ tʋ. Ŋgbɛyɛ ńɖɩ, ɖɩ-taa n̄ɩma lʋbɩna paɣtʋ ɖoŋ n̄ɩndʋ ndʋ komina nɛ sɔɔjanaa paɖʋwa yɔ siŋŋ, halɩ pakʋyʋʋ tɩ-yɔɔ nɛ kɩn̄azʋʋ. Afrɩka nɛ hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ tɛ polisinaa kpa-ɩ pɩnaɣ 1962 taa. Ɛlɛ, ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se, "CIA" yɔ, ńɖɩ yebina nɛ pakpa-ɩ. Pahʋ ɛ-tɔm "Rivonia" tɛtʋ taa nɛ pɩtɛ lɛ, paɖʋ-ɩ salaka. Pɩkpaɣnɩ mbʋ yɔ lɛ, Mandela pɩsɩ mba palʋkɩ se, ɛyaa kɩsɛmaa nɛ kʋhʋlʋmaa nɛ kɩkpɛdaa nɛ sʋtʋ lɩm n̄ɩma pɛwɛɛ kɩmaŋ, tɛyɩtʋ natʋyʋ ɛtaawɛɛ yɔ, pa-kɩlɛmʋʋ. Peeye kedeŋa kpeekpe ajɛɛ sɩna-ɩ ɛ-lʋɖɛ ńɖɩ ɖɩ-lʋbʋ yɔɔ nɛ pɩkɩlɩɣ kɩlʋʋ yɔɔ.
Ɛcaɣ salaka taa pɩnzɩ nɛɛlɛ nɛ lʋbɛ mpilim nɛ ɛtɔɔ kʋn̄ɔŋ siŋŋ. Ɛ-lʋɖɛ nɖɩ ɛlʋkaɣ yɔ, ɖɩ-yɔɔ lɛ, ekizaa se, ɛɛlɩɣ salaka taa yee, patanɩɩna-ɩ kɔyɔ. Kɔlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ hiu nɛ kʋɖʋmʋʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1990 taa patɔla-ɩ nɛ peyebi-i. Ɛ-lɩmaɣza wena ɛwɛna ɖooo ɛ-pɩcatʋ nɛ ɛkɔɔ ɛpaɣlɩ yɔ, a-yɔɔ lɛ, etisi se ɛ nɛ ɛjaɖɩ ńɖɩ ɖɩ-n̄ʋʋdʋ, Ɖajaa Frederik de Klerk tɛ komina pacaɣ pɔyɔɔdɩ nɛ peceyi. Paha ɛ nɛ n̄ʋʋdʋ Frederik de Klerk ɛnʋ Laŋhɛyɛ yɔɔ kandɩyaa samtʋ nima pɩnaɣ 1993 taa, mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ, ɛ nɛ ɩ panɩnɩ ɖama ɖɛfɛɛ yem nɛ tɛyɩtʋ ndʋ tɩɩwɛ ansaayɩnaa nɛ ɛyaa kɩkpɛdaa pɛ-hɛkʋ taa yɔ tɩsɩɩ tɩnaɣ. Peeye papazɩ sɩʋ loma kaɖasɩm Afrɩka nɛ hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ kɩfɑɖɛ tikiɖe.
Kewiyaɣ ŋga keɖiyaɣ ɛjaɖɛ ńɖɩ se pʋcɔ pɔtɔ caca nɛ palɩzɩ ɛjaɖɛ n̄ʋʋdʋ yɔ, pʋkɔna-kɛ kaɖɛ siŋŋ. Peeye ɛ nɛ n̄ʋʋdʋ de Klerk palʋba se, you ɛtaalɩɩ aparɩtɛɛdɩ taa n̄ɩma nɛ ANC nɛ "Inkhata" pa-aŋgba pɛ-hɛkʋ taa. Suluu cejewiye taa n̄ɩma wɛna "Inkhata" ŋgbɛyɛ taa sakɩyɛ. Pɩnaɣ 1994 n̄ɩŋa taa pɔtɔ caca nɛ palɩzɩ Nelson Mandela nɛ ɛkɛ kajalaɣ ɛyʋ kɩkpɛdʋ weyi ɛkɛ Afríka nɛ hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ n̄ʋʋdʋ yɔ. Ɛlʋba siŋŋ se, ceyuu nɛ ɖama nɩnaʋ pɛwɛɛ ansaayɩnaa nɛ ɛyaa kɩkpɛdaa pɛ-hɛkʋ taa. Ɛlʋba se, ɛyaa ɛwɛɛ kɩmaŋ tɔzʋʋ nʋmɔʋ taa. Ɛlɛ, kʋdɔŋ sɔsɔʋ ŋgʋ patanada kɩ-hayʋʋ nɛ payaɣ-kʋ se, siidaa yɔ, ɛtɔcɔna ki-ɖeɖe, ŋgʋ kɩsa miŋ siŋŋ Afrɩka nɛ hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛkpaɣ kpelaɣ nɛ pɩsɩɩnɩ pɩnzɩ nzɩ pʋpɔzʋʋ se, ɛyʋ ɛla Afrɩka nɛ hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ taa yɔ lɛ, eyele-kɛ nɛ ɛlɩzɩ e-nesi politiki tɔm taa. Ɛlɛ, ɛwɛɛ ɛsɩŋna "ANC" ŋgbɛyɛ kaɣlaa nɛ ekiziɣ mbʋ ɖɩlakɩ nɛ pɩɩcɔlʋʋ yɔ.
Ɛkɔma lɛ, ɛsʋʋ aŋgba sakɩyɛ wena alʋkɩna kʋn̄ɔŋdʋtʋ nɛ siidaa kʋdɔŋ yɔ a-taa. Mbʋʋ pɩlaba nɛ ɛkɔɔ ɛpɩsɩ kedeŋa kpeekpe tɛ n̄ɩm sɔsɔm. Ɛyʋ waɖɛ yɔɔ kandayʋʋ nʋmɔʋ taa lɛ, ɛkɛ weyi kpedeŋa kpeekpe welesiɣna siŋŋ yɔ. Ɛ-yɔɔ ɛyaa kʋhʋlʋmaa nɛ kɩsɛmaa nɛ kɩkpɛdaa nɛ sʋtʋ lɩm n̄ɩma pɛkpɛndaa pacaɣ ɛjaɖɩ ńɖɩ ɖɩ-taa. Ɛ-yɔɔ ɖɔɖɔ loma kaɖasɩm lɩ ɖɩ-taa. Pakpaɣ-ɩ se, ɛnʋʋ lɛ ɛjaɖɛ ńɖɩ ɖɩ-caa. Pɛɖɛyɩ ɛjaɖɛ ńɖɩ se, " kaɣʋʋ ɛjaɖɛ". Paa mbʋʋ yɔ, cɛyɩtʋ kaɖɛ n̄ɩndʋ ndɩ ndɩ wɛ ɖɩ-taa. Mulum wɛ tɔzʋʋ nʋmɔʋ taa nɛ ɛyaa kʋyʋʋ komina yɔɔ nɛ helu helu lakasɩ labʋ.
Tɔm keem
- 1 E-wezuu caɣʊ tɔm
- 1.1 Ɛ-hɔʊ nɛ e-sukuli
- 1.2 Ɛlʊbʊ se tɛyɩtʊ ɛtaawɛɛ ɛyʊ kɩkpɛdʊ nɛ anasaayɩ pɛ-hɛkʊ taa yɔ
- 1.3 Pakpaɣ-ɩ nɛ pahʊna-ɩ tɔm Rivania tɛtʊ taa yɔ
- 1.4 Paɖʊ-ɩ salaka yɔ
- 1.5 Palɩzɩɣ-ɩ nɛ salaka taa nɛ ɛmʊʊ samtʊ nimiye nɛ ɛlɛɣzʊ kewiyaɣ paɣtʊ yɔ
- 1.6 Ɛkɛʊ Afrɩka nɛ hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ ̃nʊʊdʊ yɔ
- 1.6.1 Politiki ŋgʊ ɛwɛna ɛ-ɛjaɖɛ yɔɔ yɔ
- 1.6.2 Politiki ŋgʊ ɛwɛna ajɛya lɛɛna yɔɔ yɔ
- 1.7 Ɛkɛʊ ɛjaɖɛ ̃nʊʊdʊ wayɩ yɔ
- 1.7.1 Ɛ-tɔnʊʊ taa alaafɩya tɔm nɛ ɛ-sɩm
- 1.7.2 Ɛ-leɣa
- 1.7.3 Ɛɖʊʊ ɛ-nɔɔ politiki tɔm taa ɛ-ɛjaɖɛ taa yɔ
- 1.7.4 Ɛɖʊʊ ɛ-nɔɔ kedeŋa kpeekpe politiki tɔm taa yɔ
- 1.7.5 Papɩzʊʊ ɛ-kɩlɛmʊ tadɩyɛ nɛ you ŋgʊ kɩwɛ tɔm hʊyaa hɛkʊ taa yɔ
- 1.7.6 Tɔm lɛɛtʊ
- 2 Ɛ-lɩmaɣzɛ
- 3 ̃Nɩm mbʊ eyeba yɔ
- 4 Ɛ-hɔʊ
- 5 Ɛ-samtʊ nima
- 6 Ɛ-takayɩsɩ nzɩ ɛmawa yɔ
- 7 Ɛ-aduwa wena etuwaa yɔ
- 8 Takayɩhayʊʊ tɛɛ tɔm nɛ ɖenɖe panaɣ-tʊ yɔ
- 9 Ɩcɔna ɖɔɖɔ


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Kpaŋnɔ
Kpaŋnɔ kɛ ɖɩɣa kpɩnɛ sɔsɔyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩtɔkɩ n̄ɩtʋ siŋŋ nɛ ɖɩpɩzɩɣ ɖɩcakɩ wezuu yɔ. Kpaŋnɔ acaya tɛtɛyɩ a-hɛkɩŋ taa ɛzɩ ɖɩɣa kpɩna lɛɛna yɔ. Ɛcɩɖɛ kʋɖʋmɖɩyɛ kʋɖʋmɖɩyɛ wɛna kpam kpam ɛ-nɩŋgbanzɩ naanza yɔɔ. Pɩlaba pɩnzɩ miiliyɔɔ waa 45 yaa 55 yɔ, kpaŋnɔ lɩʋ yɔ. Kajalaɣ kpaŋnɔ kɛwɛ ɛzɩ kpɩnɛ nɖɩ ɖɩwɛna haɣ paɣlaka yɔ nɛ ɖɩwɛɛna ne yʋʋʋ yɔ. Kpaŋnaŋ sɔɔla caɣʋ yaa yɛlʋʋ com com, ɛlɛ, ɛ-taa kʋɖʋm ɖɛɣna-yɛ nɔɔ. Kpaŋnaŋ cakɩ wezuu ɛzɩ ɛyaa yɔ, mbʋ yɔ paa ɛ-taa weyi ɛwɛna ɛ-tʋmɩyɛ ɛ-ɖikpeɣliye taa. Kpaŋnaŋ sɩma seɣa tɔm siŋŋ, pʋ-yɔɔ nabʋyʋ taa ɛpɩzɩɣ ɛtʋlʋʋ ɛ-tɔɔyaa nesi tɛɛ. Pɩma kpaŋnaŋ maʋ nabʋyʋ né ndí kpem, mbʋ yɔ ɛpɩzɩɣ eɖoo ɛsɔdaa. Eeɖou ɖɔɖɔ sakɩyɛ ɛzʋnɔɔ, e-ɖom wɛ ɛzɩ kozoŋa ɖom yɔ. Payaɣ kpaŋnɔ halɩn̄ɩnʋ se "jument". Kpaŋnɔ halɩn̄ɩnʋ kpakɩɣ hɩɖɛ lɛ, fenasɩ hiu nɛ kʋɖʋmaɣ ɛlakɩ nɛ pʋcɔ ɛlʋlɩ. Payaɣ kpaŋnɔ pɩɣa se "poulain". Kpaŋnɔ lʋlʋʋ piileɖiɣ nɛ ɛ-pɩɣa pɩzɩ kapazɩ seu.
Ɛyʋ kɔŋna kpaŋnɔ ɖɩɣa nɛ ɛɖɔɔ-ɩ. Kpaŋnɔ wɛ wazaɣ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ Eerɔpʋ nɛ Aazii pɛ-tɛtʋ tɩŋa taa ɖooo caanaʋ taa. Sɔnɔdaa pɩdakasɩ kpaŋnɔ nɔɔyʋ se ɛwɛ n̄ɩtʋ taa nɛ pɩtasɩna "Przewalski" kpaŋnɔ weyi ɛyʋ pɩzɩoɣ ɛyɔɔdɩ se ɛkɛ n̄ɩtʋ taa n̄ɩnʋ siŋŋ yɔ. Ɛlɛ, ɖɩɣa kpaŋnaŋ sakɩyɛ nɩɩyɛ pɩzɩ lakʋ taa n̄ɩŋ. Ɛyʋ wɛna tɔmpe sakɩyɛ nɛ ɛpɩzɩɣ ɛkɛdɩɣna ɛzɩma mbʋ kpaŋnaŋ wɛɛ yɔ nɛ tɔlɩm ndɩ ndɩ mbʋ ɛwɛna yɔ nɛ huwa ndɩ ndɩ wena a-taa ɛwɛɛ yɔ nɛ wɛtʋ ndʋ ɛwɛna yɔ nɛ ɛzɩma mbʋ ɛcakɩ e-weziŋ yɔ. Ɛyʋ kpɛlɛkɩ kpaŋnaŋ sakɩyɛ ɛzɩma mbʋ ɛyʋ ɛcaɣ ɛ-yɔɔ nɛ ɛɖɔŋ nʋmɔʋ poliŋ n̄ɩŋʋ nakʋyʋ yaa ɛla you yɔ. Kpaŋnʋ paɣlaka siŋŋ lɛ, pɩnzɩ kagbaanzɩ taa. Kpaŋnɔ cakɩ wezuu pɩtalɩ ɛzɩ pɩnzɩ nɛɛlɛ nɛ kagbaanzɩ yaa pɩnzɩ niidozo mbʋ yɔ.
Ɛyʋ kpɛlɛkɩ kpaŋnɔ se ɛlakɩ-ɩ ɛtɔma sakɩyɛ. Ɛyʋ pɩzɩɣ ɛcaɣ kpaŋnɔ nɛ ɛɖɔ nʋmɔʋ poliŋ n̄ɩŋʋ nakʋyʋ. Ɛyʋ pɩzɩɣ ɖɔɖɔ ɛhayɩna kpaŋnɔ hayɩm lemmm. Ɛyʋ pɩzɩɣ ɖɔɖɔ ɛcaɣ kpaŋnɔ yɔɔ nɛ ɛla you sɔsɔʋ nakʋyʋ. Kpaŋnaŋ yeba nɛ tadɩyɛ wobina ɛsɩndaa siŋŋ n̄ɩm ajɛɛ sɔsɔna taa.
Ɖɩɣa Kpɩna tɩŋa taa lɛ, kpaŋnɔ kɩlɩna wazaɣ siŋŋ. Ɛ-tɔm pakɩlɩ yɔɔdʋʋ caanaʋ taa. Ɛ-yɔɔ cɔnaʋ yeba nɛ nesi tɛɛ tʋma sakɩyɛ naayɩ n̄ɔ. Ɖɩkpaɣ ɛzɩ tadɩyɛ nʋmɔʋ taa nɛ tomnaɣ taa hayɩsʋʋ mbʋ payaɣ se "sports hippiques" yɔ pʋ-nʋmɔʋ taa mbʋ yɔ, ɖɩnaɣ se kpaŋnaŋ yebina nɛ tʋma ana aɖɛɛna ɛsɩndaa siŋŋ. Sɔnɔdaa ɛyaa cakɩ kpaŋnaŋ yɔɔ ajɛɛ wena a-tɔsʋʋ ɖɛ ɛsɩndaa siŋŋ yɔ se peleɣyi yaa se pala tɔnʋʋ taa kpekpeka hayɩsʋʋ tʋma. Kpaŋnɔ wɛ wazaɣ siŋŋ ɛyʋ wezuu caɣʋ taa mbʋ yɔ ɛyʋ tɔkɩ ɛ-nandʋ nɛ ɛn̄ɔɔ ɛ-naalɩm. Ɛyʋ lakɩ naadaŋgbala nɛ Kpaŋnɔ tɔnʋʋ. Kpaŋnɔ hɩm wɛ ɛyʋ wazaɣ ɖɔɖɔ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ. Ajɛɛ sɔsɔna naayɛ taa lɛ, kpaŋnɔ lakɩna nɛ haɖaʋ nɛ tadɩyɛ powokina ɛsɩndaa nɛ pɩkɩlɩɣ. Ɖɩɣa kpaŋnɔ yɔɔ cɔnaʋ caɣ kaɖɛ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ. Wondu ndʋ pakpakɩɣ nɛ pɔcɔŋnanɩ kpaŋnɔ yɔɔ yɔ, tɩwɛ ndɩ kpem. Pʋ-yɔɔ pʋpɔzʋʋ se ɛyaa mba pasɩma kpaŋnaŋ tɔm camɩyɛ yɔ, mba ɛkpɛlɛkɩna lɛlaa ɛ-yɔɔ cɔnaʋ.


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Ɖoŋaɣ
Ɖoŋaɣ kɛna minziiki wonuu kɩmabʋʋ ŋgʋ kɩwɛ kuluŋgulu yɔ. Nabɛyɛ yaɣ se ɖoŋaɣ, lɛlaa ñayaa se loŋaɣ. Ɖoŋaɣ wɛ kpeɖe tɩyɛ. Paasakɩ paa tɩʋ ŋgʋ ɖoŋaɣ. Tɩŋ nɩɩyɛ wɛ kooŋ nɛ ɛnʋʋ pasakɩna ɖoŋanzɩ. Paapaŋ ɖɔɖɔ ɖoŋaɣ nɛ paa kpɩnɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-tɔnʋʋ. Ɖɩkpaɣ ɛzɩ heu tɔnʋʋ mbʋ yɔ. Paapaŋ ɖoŋaɣ nɛ ɛ-tɔnʋʋ. Pʋnʋ kɩbɩnʋ tɔnʋʋ papaŋna ɖoŋaɣ.
Ɛzɩma papaŋ ɖoŋaɣ ?
Pakʋʋ pʋnʋ nɛ peliti ɛ-tɔnʋʋ. Pakaŋ tɔnʋʋ ŋgʋ nɛ teluu nɛ pɩla kpɩtaŋ cabɩ lɛ, palɩzɩ-kʋ. Pɔ-tɔbʋʋ se peyeki-kʋ nɛ kɩwɩlɩ camɩyɛ nɛ pʋcɔ papɩzɩ papamna-kʋ nɛ ɖoŋaɣ yaa suye. Palɩzɩ-kʋ nɛ teluu yɔɔ lɛ, paɖʋ-kʋ lɩm taa alɩwaatʋ natʋyʋ cabɩ. Pʋwayɩ lɛ, palɩzɩ-kʋ nɛ pɔhɔɔ nɛ kɩpɩsɩ lɛfɩɩɩ. Yee pɔtɔyɔ-kʋ nɛ kʋhʋʋ camɩyɛ yɔ, papaŋ ɖoŋaɣ nɛ pamakɩ lɛ, kaawiɣ ɖeu. Ɛlɛ, yee pɔhɔɔ pʋnʋ tɔnʋʋ nɛ kɩkpɩzɩ camɩyɛ yɔ, pʋbʋ papaŋ ɖoŋaɣ nɛ pamakɩ-kɛ lɛ, kewiɣ camɩyɛ.
Kpɩna naayɛ tɔnɩŋ pɔhɔɔʋ nɛ akpɩzɩ camɩyɛ nɛ pɛhɛɛ-ɩ pɩŋgaɣ pɩlɩŋgaɣ nɛ palʋʋ nimasɩ lɩɩɩ lɩɩɩ nɛ papamna ɖoŋaɣ. Ɛlɛ, pʋcɔ papa ɖoŋaɣ lɛ, paɖʋʋ ka-taa sɔnzɩ wondu natʋyʋ ndɩ ndɩ. Halɩ nabɛyɛ ɖʋ ka-taa liidiye pɔɔyaɣ nakɛyɛ.
Ɖoŋaɣ kɛ sɔnzɩ labʋ wonuu sɔsɔʋ nakʋyʋ, kɔzɔ kɔzɩ atɛ wonaʋ nʋmɔʋ taa. Kɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ sɔnzɩ wonuu kaɖɛ ñɩŋgʋ nakʋyʋ siŋŋ. Pʋ-yɔɔ paamakɩ-kɛ lona tɩŋa taa. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se ke-witu ɖɔɔnʋʋ agɔlɩma naayɛ.
Hɔɔlɩŋ weyi ɛ-taa pɩha waɖɛ se pama ɖoŋaɣ yɔ, yee pamakɩ so nɛ kɛfɛyɩ pɩ-taa kɔyɔ, piiseetiɣ payaa ɖeu. Pamakɩ-kɛ lɛ, so lakɩ leleŋ camɩyɛ, piseetiɣ paa weyi se ɛpaa.
Ɖoŋanzɩ wɛ ndɩ ndɩ. Kabɩyɛ ñɩma ɖoŋaɣ wɛɛ. Kaka wɛna ɛzɩ kpeɖe yɔ. Kɛ-hɛkʋ taa tɛyɩ teɖe. Kutokoli ñɩma ɖoŋaɣ ñɛwɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ. Kaka hɛkʋ taa tɛtɛyɩ teɖe. Kɛwɛ ɛzɩ kabɩyɛ sɔɔyɛ yɔ. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se kɔ-hɔɔlʋʋ ŋgʋ kɩwɛ kpoluu yɔ, kɩ-yɔɔ papaŋ tɔnʋʋ.


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Esɩperantɔ kʊnʊŋ
Esɩperantɔ kɛ ajɛyɛ kpeekpe hɛkʊ taa kʊnʊŋ. Ɖɩkpaɣ kedeŋga ajɛyɛ kɔyɔ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ-kʊ ajɛyɛ mɩnɩʊ nɛ nɛɛlɛ taa. Pɩkɛ kɩcɛyʊʊ se ŋkpɛlɛkɩ-kʊ nɛ pʊcɔ ŋlabɩ-kʊ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ. Esɩperantɔ kʊnʊŋ kɛ kɔyɛ hayʊ ɛyaa ndɩ ndɩ mba palʊlɩ-wɛ kʊnʊmɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ taa se papɩzɩɣ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ na ɖama tɔsʊʊ huuu nɔmɔʊ taa. Esɩperantɔ lɩmaɣza yɔ se kɩ-kɛ kondoloko ɛsɛkuliye ñɩnʊʊ nɔmɔʊ taa.
Pɩnaɣ 1887 taa Ɖajaa Zamenhof, nɛ ɛ-sɛ hɩɖɛ se Doktoro Esperanto pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se ɖɔkɔtɔ tɩlɩyʊ sɔsɔ. Ɛnʊ hana pʊwayɩ ɛ-hɩɖɛ kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ nɛ ɛsusuu ajɛyɛ hɛkʊ taa kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ kɩ-tɛ tambɔ tɔm. Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ kɩtɩhuu lɔŋ lɔŋ pɩnzɩ kajalaɣ ñɩnzɩ taa nɛ pɩkpaɣna mbʊ nɛ palɩzɩʊ samaɣ taa nɛ ajɛyɛ sakɩyɛ tɛ ɖama katɩʊ.
Caŋga yɔɔ kpɛlɛkʊʊ lɩʊ kajalaɣ wɛtʊ pɩnzɩ 2000 nɔɣ yɔ, nɛ pɩkɩlɩ wayi wayi Esɩperantɔ tɔm kɩwɩlɩtʊ kpɛlɛkʊʊ lonaa sakɩyɛ yɔ ɛzɩ Duolingo pɩnaɣ 2015 nɛ mɛɛsaɣtɛ aŋgba wena asɩna nɛ Esɩperantɔ kʊnʊŋ ɖɛɣ na lɔŋ lɔŋ yɔ.
Esɩperantɔ tɛkɛ ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ taa kewiyaɣ kʊnʊŋ. Ɛlɛ, kɩkɛ tʊmɩyɛ kʊnʊŋ aŋgba wena awɛna kɛsɛɣa tɛ ɛhʊyɛ yɔ, kajalaɣ taa paa lɛ Esɩperantɔ tɛ aŋgba. Esɩperantɔ cɔlʊʊ sɔsɔtʊ kɛ kedeŋga Esɩperantɔ ŋgbɛyɛ (UEA), ɖɩ nɛ ajɛyɛ kɩgbɛndʊʊ nɔɔ kʊɖʊmaɣ ŋgbɛyɛ nɛ UNESCO ɖama nɛ tabalɩyɛ nɩnaʊ nʊmɔʊ taa.


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Samaɣ piyuu nakʋyʋ wɛɛ nɛ payaɣ-kʋ se « Twitter ». Twitter Inc. tʋmɩyɛ cɔŋnana samaɣ piyuu ŋ́gʋ kɩ-yɔɔ. Ɛyʋ weyi ɛlakɩna samaɣ piyuu ŋ́gʋ nɛ tʋmɩyɛ yɔ, ɛpɩzɩɣ etiyina ɛ-taabalaa tɔm ndɩ ndɩ falaa, pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se etiyina-wɛ tɔm ɛɛhɛyɩɣ paa piye. Ɛntɛrɩnɛtɩ yɔɔ lɛ, payaɣ tɔm ndʋ ɛyʋ tiyina pɩtɩŋna Twitter yɔɔ yɔ se « tweets ». Tɔm ndʋ ɛyʋ pɩzɩɣ etiyina nɛ pɩtɩŋna Twitter piyuu yɔɔ yɔ, tɩ-masɩ ɛɛɖɛɣ mɩnɩʋ nɛ hiŋ naanza yɔɔ (140)
Lakɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ nɛɛlɛ nɛ kʋɖʋmʋʋ (21), pɩnaɣ 2006 taa Twitter samaɣ piyuu ŋ́gʋ kɩlɩwa. Ɖajaanaa panɛ : Jack Dorsey nɛ Evan Williams nɛ Biz Stone nɛ Noah Glass palɩzɩna Twitter samaɣ piyuu ŋ́gʋ. Ɛlɛ, hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ taa, pɩnaɣ kʋɖʋmaɣ ŋ́ga ka-taa papaɣzɩ labɩnaʋ Twitter samaɣ piyuu ŋ́gʋ nɛ tʋmɩyɛ.
Piteleɖi nɛ Twitter samaɣ piyuu pɩsɩ kedeŋa kpeekpe hakuu ŋgʋ paa anɩ ɛhayɩɣna-kʋ yɔ. Lɛlaɣ fenaɣ ɖɩtɛnɖɛ taa, pɩnaɣ 2012 ñɩŋa taa ɛyaa miiliyɔɔ waa taŋga (500) nɛ pɩɖɛɛ pʋ-yɔɔ lakaɣna Twitter samaɣ piyuu nɛ tʋmɩyɛ.
Lakɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ kakpaanzɩ (5) ñɩŋʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 2017 taa pewilaa pana lɛ, ɛyaa miiliyɔɔ waa 313 lakaɣna Twitter samaɣ piyuu nɛ tʋmɩyɛ paa fenaɣ ŋga ka-taa. Ɛyaa ḿba, petiyina pɔ-tɔm pɩtɩŋna Twitter piyuu yɔɔ takayɩsɩ taŋga (500) paa evemiye nɖɩ ; pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se petiyina tweet waa taŋga paa evemiye nɖɩ. Papɩzɩɣ pama tɔm ndʋ petiyiɣna pɩtɩŋna Twitter samaɣ piyuu yɔɔ yɔ nɛ kʋnʋmɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ taa. Papɩzɩɣ pamana kʋnʋmɩŋ hiŋ naanza (40) taa halɩ pɩɖɛɛ pʋ-yɔɔ.
Twitter samaɣ piyuu tʋma ñʋʋ wɛ San Francisco (Etaazuunii) taa. Twitter samaɣ piyuu tʋmɩyɛ wɛna ɖɩ-tʋma lɛɛna lona atalɩ 35 nɛ pɩɖɛɛ pʋ-yɔɔ kedeŋa kpeekpe yɔɔ cɩnɛ. Kɩwɛna ɖɔɖɔ ɔrɩdinatɛɛrɩ lɛɣtʋ tʋma pilinzi New York (Etaazuunii) taa.


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Hɔɔ lɩzɩɣ
Hɔɔ lɩzɩɣ, pɔyɔɔdʊʊ hɔɔ lɩzɩɣ tɔm lɛ, pɩkɛ nɔmɔŋ weyi ɛyʊ tɩŋʊʊ se pɩsa nɛ ɛɖɩɣ kaʊ hɔɔ palaka kpaɣ alɩwaatʊ nɖʊ abalʊ abalɩtʊ nɛ halʊ tɛ halɩtʊ pakatɩɣ ɖama nɛ pɩpɩsɩɣ yaɖɛ yɔ. Yaɖɛ maʊ wayi lɛ, ɖɩnaɣ se pɩpɩsɩ feteɖaɣ tɩyɛ nɛ pʊwayɩ lɛ, pɩpɩsɩ pɩɣa ŋñɩɩɩ. Pʊpʊ wayɩ pɩɖalʊʊ nɛ pɩɖalʊʊ lɛ, pɩpɩsɩ ɛyʊ nɛ kɩyakʊ nakʊyʊ wiye lɛ, palʊlɩ pɩɣa kɩfalaɣ nɛ paya-kɛ ɛyʊ.
Tɔmpiye nɖɩ ɖɩtanɩ kpɩna wena alʊlʊʊ kʊlʊlʊʊ mbʊ pɩtɛma kɛʊ kpɩnɛ yɔ, ɛzɩ ɛyʊ, heu, haɣ yaa pɩyaʊ mbʊ yʊ. Pʊtɔbʊʊ se papɩzɩɣ pakʊ feteɖaɣ ŋga nɛ palɩzɩ-kɛ kpaagba. Ɛyʊ tɛ lɛ, pɩtɛ nɔmɔŋ ɛnʊ ɛɖɔɔ. Payaɣ hɔɔ lɩwa pɩkɛ ɛyʊ maɣmaɣ ɖʊna nesi se kalɩɩ halʊ taa.
Piyele pɩkɛ ɖɔkɔtɔ naa tɛ yɔ pɩpɩzɩɣ pɩkɛ hɔɔ ŋga peyeba-kɛ yɔ kalʊlʊʊ lakɩ kaɖɛ piŋ pɩtɩŋna halʊ alaafɩya hɔɔlʊʊ yɔɔ yaa feteɖaɣ ŋga caʊ fɛyɩ ɖeu yaa kʊdɔŋ mɛfɛyɩ kɔyɛ hayʊ nakʊyʊ tɛma-kɛ kpaʊ lɛ, pɩkɛ kɩjɛyɩɣ ɖɔkɔtɔ se ɛlɩzɩ-kɛ. Yee palɩzɩɣ nakɛyɛ nɛ pɩtɛkɛ ɖɔkɔtɔ paɣtʊ yɔɔ kɔyɔ ɛlɛ pɩkɛ paɣtʊ natʊyʊ yɔɔ kɔyɔ pɔtɔŋ pɔ-sɔɔlɩm taa lɩmaɣzɩyɛ hɔɔ lɩzɩɣ.
Piyele hɔɔ nakayɛ ɛlɩwa nɛ paɣtʊ ndʊ ɖɩyɔɔda pʊ-tɔm yɔ pɩtɛkɛ pɩtaa natʊyʊ yɔɔ kɔyɔ pɔtɔŋ se mɛɛsaɣ tɛɛ hɔɔ lɩzɩɣ. Piyele payaɣ se pɩmaba ɛtɩnaɣ yɔɔ lɛ, pɩkɛ tɩlasɩ nasɩyɛ talɩnaɣ pɩtɛ halʊ ɛnʊ, pʊtɔma kʊdɔŋ nakʊyʊ yaa kɩkpɛdɛsaɣ pɩlɩna halʊ tɛ Ɛsɔ tʊ cɔlɔ pʊtɔbʊʊ e-fenaɣ labʊ sɩŋa tuda. Pɩcɛzɩ tɔm naa mba pɔyɔɔ kɔyɔ ɖɩtɔŋ ɛlʊlɩ kɩtatalɩɣ fenasɩ lʊbɛ taa lʊlʊʊ.


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Ilnuwaa
Ilnuwaa kɛna Etaazunii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ cikpetʊ natʊyʊ. Nɛ Etazuunii ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ ajɛya cikpena naayɛ nɩɩnɩwa kpɛndɩna nɛ aɖʊ nɔɔ nɛ awɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ taa kpaɩ. Etaazunii tɔbʊʊ nɛ kabɩyɛ taa se ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ. Tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Springfield nɛ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ yɔ ndʊ lɛ Chicago.
Pamaza Ilnuwaa ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ taa lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ ɛzɩ 149 998 km2 nɛ ɖenɖe tɛtʊ ñabɩ wɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 143 967 km2 yɔ nɛ ɖenɖe lɩm ñɛwɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe ñɛwɛʊ ɛzɩ 6 30 km2 yɔ pʊtɔbʊʊ se pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 4 yɔ kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ.
Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɖɩ kɛŋna ɛjaɖɛ 21 ñɩnɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩsʊ Etaazunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊɣ ŋgbɛyɛ taa yɔ. Ɛlɛ pɩɩkɛ saŋgayɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ naatozo ŋkʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 1818. Pɩnaɣ 2017 taa paakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ paana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 12 802 023 yɔ.
Payaɣ Ilnuwaa ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-ñʊʊdʊ se Bruce Rauner (R) piyele nɛ komina ñʊndinaa kɔyɔ: Dick Durbin (D), Tammy Duckworth (D).
Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, ŋgʊ lɛ yɔ Eŋgilisi.


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Justinien
Justinien Kajalaɣ tʊ yaa Justinien Sɔsɔ (latɛŋ kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ, Imperator Caesar Flavius Petrus Justinianus Sabbatius Augustus, Krɛkɩ kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ, ΦλάBιoς Πέtpoς EaBBάtιoς Ἰouσtιvιavός), palʊla-ɩ 482 cɔlɔ mbʊ yɔ Tauresium tɛtʊ taa, pʊñɩtɩna Justinana Prima Illyrie cɔlɔ kpam. Ɛsɩ kamɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 15 pɩnaɣ 565 Constantinople.
Ɛɛkɛ Wɩsɩ Ɖɩlɩyɛ ɛjaɖɛ taa Room wiyaʊ sɔsɔ. Ɛcaɣ kewiyaɣ kpelaɣ pɩnaɣ 527 pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩ ɛ-sɩm alɩwaatʊ. Ɛkɛ kɩbɩnjaazɩ kɩɖɩnaʊ taa ɛyaa taa ɛyʊ nɔyʊ. kpaɣ kewiyaɣ hɔɔlʊʊ taa nɛ Ampiiri kamasɩ tuzuu nɛ Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ politiki ɛlaba tʊma wena yɔ pɩfɛyɩ yɔɔdʊʊ.
Ɛwɛ camɩyɛ hɛɛɛ, mbʊ lɛ, ɛpɩzɩ kewiyaɣ kpelaɣ tɔm pɩtɩŋna e-kpele weyi maɣmaɣ kaakɛ nɛ wiyaʊ Justin kajalaɣ tʊ, weyi ɛɛkɛ lɔŋ tasɩya taa lɔŋ tasɩyʊ sɔsɔ pʊcɔ ɛkɔɔ ɛlɛzɩ-ɩ yɔ. Yee e-kewiyaɣ kpelaɣ kpaʊ ɛlaba you kɔyɔ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ pɩɩwɛɛ se ɛhaɣ ɛsɛ nɛ Nika ɛyaa tɛ kʊyɩnaʊ nɛ kewiyaɣ kpelaɣ, nɛ ɛsɩɩ e-kiwiyaɣ ɖoŋ ɖɛfɛɛ ɖɛfɛɛ Ampiiri taa, ŋgʊ ɖooo kɩwɛʊ yɔ kɩɩkɛ Room ñɩŋʊ yɔ, pɩlɩna Ampiiri tɛ ɖanɩɣ pɩsʊʊ tambɔɣ yɔɔ.
Papɩzɩɣ pɛtɛyɩ-ɩ Justinien kewiyitu alɩwaatʊ tɔm nabʊlɛ taa yaa hɔɔlɩŋ naalɛ taa. Kpaɣnɛ pɩnaɣ 527 ŋtalɩ 540, wabɩtʊ na keelee, tɩwɛɛ kɛlɛʊ nɛ tɩcaɣ yuŋ. Ŋgʊ pʊwayɩ lɛ e-kewiyaɣ hɔɔlʊʊ naalɛ ŋgʊ kaawɛ paɖɩyɩtʊ.
Paakpa Ampiiri kɩ-kamasɩ siŋ nɛ yoŋ labʊ kɔzɩ kɔzɩ Itaalii ñɩŋʊ tɔlɩ. Yee Ampiiri ɛtakpa kɩ-tɩ yɔ lɩmaɣza ɖanɩɣ pɩsʊʊ hɔɔlɩŋ ɛnʊ ɛtɩŋa ɛ-taa nɛ ɛ-sɩm wayi Wɩsɩ Ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa Room Ampiiri talɩ kɩ-ɖoŋ ɖeɖe tɛtʊ lɩmaɣza taa.
Justinien kewiyitu sɩmtʊ lɩna kiɖe tɛɛ tɔm takayasɩ sakɩyɛ cɔlɔ. Lɛɛtʊna lɩna Justinien cɔlɔ kɔzɩ kɔzɩ ɛjaɖɛ paɣtʊ takayasɩ nzɩ ɛlaba kpaɣ ɖooo e-kewiyaɣ alɩwaatʊ taa nɛ sɩtʊsʊʊ mʊntʊsʊʊ ɛzɩma ɛlaba e-kewiyaɣ ɛjaɖɛ yɔ. Pʊcɔ lɛ, ɖama kewiyaɣ mʊʊ takayasɩ maya yaa tɔm cɔlɩya kaama e-kewiyaɣ tɔm. Césarée Procope ñɩndʊ ñɛwɛ poliŋ nɛ ntʊyɔna. Ɛ-tʊma takayasɩ ñɩkʊʊ niiye yoŋ weyi Justinien kaalaba e-kewiyaɣ alɩwaatʊ taa. Yoŋ ɛ-taa kɔyɔ Perse you nɛ Vandales you nɛ Goth you.


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Ɔkɩsɩzɛnɩ
Ɔkɩsɩzɛnɩ kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ taa pɩyʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 8 nɛ yʊsaɣ ñɩŋga yɔ O. Ɛnʊ kɛna nɔɔ ɖɛyʊ salɩkɔzɛnɩ waa kpeɣlʊʊ taa, nɛ nabʊyʊ taa payɣ se ɔkɩsɩzɛnɩ waa hɔɔlʊʊ. Ɛyaa naalɛ ñɩnɩna nɛ pana pʊtʊ ɛnʊ, Sʊyɛdɩ tʊ Carl Wilhelm Scheele kɛ Uppsala tɛtʊ taa pɩnaɣ 1772 nɛ Piritaniki tʊ Joseph Priestley Viltshire tɛtʊ taa pɩnaɣ 1774. Pɛcɛlɛ-ɩ hɩɖɛ mbʊ se ɔkɩsɩzɛnɩ pɩnaɣ 1777 ɛlɛ Antoine Lavoisier Paarii tɛtʊ taa hana hɩɖɛ nɖɩ pɩtɩŋna krɛkɩ kɩbɩnʊʊ kʊnʊŋ yɔɔ se ὀEύς / oxys (cʊlʊ cʊlʊ pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se cɩnɛ se ñɩmɩŋ) nɛ Yevής / genês (lʊlʊʊ tɛ).
Ɖɩha heelim taa kiɖe hɔɔlʊʊ kifezuu hɩɖɛ se ɔkɩsɩzɛnɩ, ɛlɛ palɩza hɩɖɛ nɖɩ nɛ tɔmpe naalɛ, palɩzɩ-yɛ nɛ krɛkɩ kʊnʊŋ taa ὀEύς, ñɩmɩŋ nɛ Yeίvouaι, malʊlʊʊ, mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ wɛtʊ natʊyʊ ndʊ tɩkɩlɩ wɛʊ walaa yɔ kiɖe nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa yɔ (Lavoisier yɔɔdʊʊ ɔkɩsɩzɛnɩ tɔm) taa ñɩmɩŋ wondu ndʊ tɩkpɛndɩɣ tɩ-tɩ wondu lɛɛtʊ. Mbʊ lɛ, ɖɩkaɣ yaʊ ɔkɩsɩzɛnɩ fefeku kiɖe nɖɩ ɖɩ-tɛ kpeɣluu nɛ sɔŋaɣ wondu.
Kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ kɔtɩɩ kɩɖam weyi ɛ-yʊsʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ O2, keeke taa ɛnʊ payaɣ se ɔkɩsɩzɛnɩ nɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɩnaa ya-ɩ se dɩyɔkɩsɩzɛnɩ, ɛ-taa wɛ ɔkɩsɩzɛnɩ tɛ pɩyʊ kɔtɩɩ waa naalɛ, nɛ pɔɖɔkɩ ɖama nɛ tamtʊ. Kedeŋga taa sɔŋaɣ ɛwɛ camɩyɛ kɔyɔ, dɩyɔkɩsɩzɛnɩ kɛ fefeku, kedeŋga taa kɔzɩ kɔzɩ teŋgu cɔlɔ kɩ-tɛ ɖɔʊ maɣna 20,8%.
Sakɩyɛ taa lɛ, keŋga kpeekpe taa ɔkɩsɩzɛnɩ kɛ pʊtʊ naatozo tʊ eyi ɛɖɔ piŋ ɛzɩ Hɩdrɔzɛnɩ nɛ Hɛlɩyɔm yɔ, ɛnʊ kɩlɩna tɔyʊ tɛtʊ pɔɔɖɛ taa.
Ɖooo kiɖe tɛɛ lɛ, ɛjaɖɛ taafɛyɩna dɩyɔkɩsɩzɛnɩ. Ɛnɛ ʊnʊyɔ ɛma ɛ-tɩ pɩtɩŋna mʊntʊsʊʊ manaʊ tɛ mbʊ tɩŋ, aɖɔnlɛlɛɛ nɛ ŋñɩɩ cɛkaɣ tɩnaa, pʊtʊnaa pɛnɛ palɩɣ yɔ pɩtalɩ ɛzɩ pɩnzɩ miiliyaarɩ waa 2,8 mbʊ yɔ. Dɩyɔkɩsɩzɛnɩ kʊʊ kpɩna wena atɔsɔɔlɩ heelim yɔ, pa-taa kɔyɔ kajalaɣ pʊtʊna mba palɛɛ lɩɣ ɛjaɖɛ yɔɔ yɔ ɛlɛ kɩwɛɛ wazaɣ siŋ pʊtʊnaa mba pefezuu yɔ pɛ-tɛ, pa-taa kɛlɛ mbʊ payi pɩkɩloɩ ɖɔʊ nɛ pɩwɛna wezuu nɔɔnɔɔ yɔ.


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Anɩza kʊdɔŋ (Dysenterie)
Anɩza kʊdɔŋ kɛ kʊdɔŋ kɩɖɛɖɛʊ ɛyʊ lotu taa. Kudɔŋ ŋgʊ kʊdɔm wɛ kiɖi kiɖi yaa pɩwɛ ɖoŋ. Kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ pasɩma-kʊ nɛ mbʊ yɔ se pɩlakɩŋ pɩndʊ nɩɣʊ ɖoŋ ɖoŋ nɛ pɩwɛ kahʊyaa tɩyɛ nɛ pɩkpɛndɩna calɩm nɛ mʊʊna nɛ pɩwɩɣ ɛyʊ lotu kpɩŋ kpɩŋ. Ɛbɛ cɔlɔ kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ kɩlɩna, nabʊyʊ taa ɛyʊ ɛtɔɔ tɔɔnaɣ nakɛyɛ nɛ ka-taa ɛwɛ pɩyʊʊ mbʊ ɛyʊ loyuu tɔsɔɔlɩ kɔyɔ pɔkɔŋna kʊɖɔŋ ŋgʊ ɛ-tɔɔnʊ taa.
Keeke taa lɛ, anɩza kʊdɔŋ wɛ tindime naalɛ. Kajalaɣ lɛ, ŋñɩɩ cɛkaɣ anɩza kʊdɔŋ. Tɔbʊʊ se ŋñɩɩ cɩkaɣ tɩna kɩ-tɛ paɣzɩɣ. Naalɛ ŋgʊ lɛ, lɩm taa kɩɖalʊʊ kɩlɛzɩyʊ ɛlɛ ɖɩpɩzɩɣ ɖɩyaa se amibi. Ɛlɛ tɩna kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ kɩ-tɛ paɣzɩɣ ɛyʊ tomnaɣ taa.
Pɩwɛ kaɖɛ se ɛyʊ ɛtɩlɩ kʊdɔmɩŋ ɖoŋ ɖoŋ ñɩŋ weyi paayɔda ɛ-dɔm yɔ canaʊ taa se ɛkɛ ɖeɖe nɛ sɔnɔ taa kʊdɔmɩŋ. Ɛlɛ yɔɔdasɩ sakɩyɛ taa kajalaɣ yɔɔdaɣ nakɛyɛ tɔŋ se anɩza kʊdɔmɩŋ sɔsɔŋ kaakɛ weyi Tour tɛ Grégoire kaayɔɔda ɛ-tɔm yɔ. Ɛ-nʊ yebina nɛ patɩlɩ se kʊdɔŋ kɩɖɛʊ siŋ kpaɣɖʊ 6 alɩwaatʊ taa nɛ ɛ-cɔlɔ lɛ kɩkpa wiyaʊ Chipéric Kajalaɣ tʊ nɛ ɛ-pɩyalaa naalɛ. Tɩnʊʊ nɛ kajalaɣ pɩɣa Chlodebert. Piyaa mba pa-naalɛ pasɩna-kʊ nɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ Gaule tɛ piyaa yɔ.
Paayɔɔda anɩza naayɛ tɔm Ɛsɔ tɔm takayaɣ taa se Paul kiɖeɖeʊ wazaɣ nɛ hama lakasɩ kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ kɛ ɛ-caa nɔyʊ tɛ ɖɩɣa taa. Ɖɩnaɣ tɔm ndʊ apostolo waa tʊma labʊ takayaɣ ñʊŋ 28 nɛ cɛcɛsɩ 8 taa. Cɛcɛ ɛ-nʊ ɛɛhɩna nɛ niikaɣ sɔsɔ nakɛyɛ sʊ-ɩ nɛ pɩtamna anɩza. Paul sʊ ɛ-ɖɩɣa taa nɛ ɛla atɩma, ɛkpazɩ e-nesi ɛ-yɔɔ nɛ ɛwayɩ-ɩ ɛ-kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ.
Anɩza wena alɩna ŋñɩɩ cɩkaɣ cɔlɔ yɔ kɩpɩzɩɣ kɩwa paa podowona ɛyʊ ɖɔkɔtɔ taa kɔyɔ. Pɩtɛ wazaɣ ŋga kɩlɩna ɖeu mbʊ pʊyɔ yɔ kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ kɩtakɩlɩ ɖoŋ ɛlɛ kɩɖɛʊ ɛyaa kpem. Kɩ-tɛ lɩɣna ɖama wondu tukunaʊ cɔlɔ ɛzɩ wondu suu nɛ nɔnɔsɩ ɖɩtʊlɩyɛ ɖɩɖɔkɩyɛ taa nɛ lɩm naa ɖɩsɔyɛ taa. Ɖɔkɔtɔ tɛ kɔɔ pɩzɩɣ pɩwɛna wazaɣ piŋ ɖɔɖɔ.
Pɩpɩzɩɣ pɩkɛ kɩjɛʊ se pasɩ kʊdɔŋ tʊ kɛ ɖɔkɔtɔ kuduyuu taa kɛ ɖɔkɔtɔ naa cɔlɔ. Lɩm taa kɩɖalʊʊ kɩlɛzɩyʊ weyi ɖɩyaɣ-ɩ se amibi yɔ ɛlɛ anɩza kʊdɔŋ tɩŋgɩna lɩm mbʊ ɛwɛ pɩ-taa yɔ nɛ ɛkpa ɛyʊ. Kɔzɩ kɔzɩ nɔmɔŋ woɖaa.


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Tuurkii
Tuurkii (Turquie) kɛna Erɔpɩ nɛ Azii mɩŋŋ-mɩŋŋ taa ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ. Ɖɩnɛ ajɛya wena asɩ-ɖama nɛ kamas,i yɔ ana yɔ: Kɩrɛsɩ, Pulubaarii, Sɔɔrzii, Arimeenii, Azɛɛrɩbayɩjaŋ, Iraŋ, Irakɩ nɛ Siirii.
Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pɔyɔɔdɩɣ nɛ pawɩlɩɣ-kʊ ɖɔɖɔ sukkulinaa taa yɔ, ŋgʊ lɛ Turki. Turkii ɛjaɖɛ kpeekpe taa tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa ñɩm nɛ ɛsɩndaa wobu kɩlaa yɔ ndʊ lɛ Ankara nɛ teɛtʊ ndʊ tɩpɩsɩɣ mbʊ yɩ kpaɣ ɖooo aloma fenaɣ hiu nɛ naatozo pɩnaɣ 1923 taa.
Teŋu Kɩkpɛɛdɩɣ wɛna ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɛ ɖɩ-hayɩ kiŋ piyele nɛ ɖɩ-wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa lɛ, Ezee teŋgu wɛna. Ɖɩ-hadɛ kiŋ lɛ Mediteraanee teŋgu wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa ñɩŋʊ wɛna. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɛ ɖɩwɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ, Tɩrasɩ nɛ Anatoli pɛwɛna.
Sɔɖʊʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ se Mustafa Kemal Atatürk yɔ ɛ-yɔɔ kɛ pltɩŋgɩnaa nɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩñɔ ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1923.


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Sʊyɛdɩ
Suyɛdɩ kɛna Erɔpɩ nɛ hayʊ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ ɖɩwɛ Erɔpɩ nɛ haayʊ kiŋ ajɛya kɩkpɛndɩɣ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se Sikandinavi yɔ ɖɩ-taa. Ɖɩ-tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Sitɔkɩholom nɛ kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pɔyɔɔdɩɣ yɔ ŋgʊ lɛ Sʊyɛdiwaa.
Wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ nɛ hayʊ kiŋ lɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩzɩ kamaɣ nɛ Fɛlandɩ piyele nɛ wɩszɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa lɛ Nɔrɩvɛzɩ ɛjaɖɛ, pɩzaaʊ nɛ hadɛ kiŋ yɔ Tanimarikɩ. Hayʊ kiŋ lɛ ɛyaa mba payaɣ-wɛ se Laponiwaa yɔ mba wɛna peeɖe. Samwaa kɛŋna Sikandinavi taa mba pacalɩ caaʊ yɔ.
Sʊyɛdɩ wɛ Erɔpɩ ajɛya kpeekpe kɩkpɛndɩɣ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ paya se UE yɔ ɖɩ-taa ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1995. Erɔpɩ kpeekpe taa lɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɖɩ lɛ kagbaanznɩ nɖɩ wena akɩla walanzɩ nɛ ɖɩwalanzɩ taa maɣna ɛzɩ kilomɛtanaaagbaba 449 964. Ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩkɩlɩ walanzɩ Erɔpɩ taa yɔ nɖɩ lɛ Rusi, pɩwayɩ lɛ Ukirɛnɩ, Fransɩ, Ɛsɩpañɩ nɛ Sʊyɛdɩ tɩŋ awayɩ.
Sʊyɛdɩ ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊdʊ payaɣ se Urban Ahlin nɛ komina ñɩnʊ yɔ Stefan Löfven. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa pakalɩ ɛyaa kɛ kamɩŋ fena 30 pɩnaɣ 2015 lɛ pɛkpɛndɩ miloyɔɔnaa 9 845 155.


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Kinee-Konakrii
Kinee-Konakrii (Guinée-Conakry)
Payaɣ se Kinee-Konakrii yɔ pacaɣ se paɖʊ tʊkaɣ kɛ Kiinee-Piisoo nɛ Kiinee-Ekʊwatɩralɩ pɛhɛkʊ taa. Pɩkɛna Afrika wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ. Kinee-Konakrii tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ ɖɔdɔ se Kinee-Konakrii. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩmʊ ɖɩ-tɩ yɔɔ caaʊ kɛ Fransɩ nesi tɛɛ kɛ ɖooo aloma fenaɣ kɩyakʊ naalɛ ŋgʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 1958. Ajɛya looɖo cɔna; Kinee-Konakrii nɛ ata, nɛ ana-yɔ: Kiinee-Piisoo; Senegaalɩ; Maalii; Kootidiivʊwaarɩ; Liiberiya; Siyera-Leyɔɔnɩ nɛ Atɩlantiki lɩŋgamʊʊ.
Kiinee-Pɩsaʊ taa pɔsɩ ɖɔwa nɛ sɩtala ɛzɩ 1300 kɛ mbʊ yɔ. Afrika kpeekpe taa lɛ, pɩwɛ ɛzɩ peeɖe lɩm lɩʊna yɔ mbʊ pɩyɔɔ yɔ ɖɩkpaɣ ɛzɩ Niizɛrɩ pɔɔ yɔ yaa Senegaalɩ ñɩŋga yɑa ɖɔɖɔ Kaambii ñɩŋga kɔyɔ peeɖe sɩlɩɣna. Pɔsɩ nzɩ sɩlɩɣna Kinee-Konakrii pʊʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ se Fʊʊta-Jalɔŋ yɔ kɩ-tɛɛ.
Fʊʊtaa-Jalɔŋ ŋgʊ kɩhaɣ kɩ-lɩm yɔɔ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩwɛna laatiɖiki mɩŋ kɛ ɖɩ-ɛjaɖɛ kamaɣ fɛyɩ. Lɩŋgamʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ se Kɔnkʊʊɖe nɛ kɩwɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ payaɣ se Maamʊ yɔ, yaa Kindiya nɛ Koonakiri yɔ, pɩkɛna Kinee-konakrii komina kɛ tʊmɩyɛ sɔsɔyɛ nɛ kɩñakɩ pana se pɩwɛ ɛzɩma yɔ pama lɩŋgamɩŋ pɩɖɔɔ. Pɩnaɣ 1992 lɛ pama lɩŋgamʊʊ nakʊyʊ nɛ pɩwayɩ yɔ pama lɛɛŋ ɛzɩ Kaleta yɔ nɛ halɩ nɛ sɔnɔ komina ɖɩɩna Sʊwapiti ñɩŋgʊ maʊ.


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Bashō Matsuo
Matsuo Bashō kɛ Sapɔŋ tʋ. Ɛkɛ abalʋ weyi ɛfɛyɩ felendu kpataa yaa kaʋ yɔ. Palʋla ɖajaa sɔsɔ Matsuo Bashō ɛnʋ kɛ pɩnaɣ 1644 n̄ɩŋga taa. Egeetiye yaa tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ ndʋ tɩ-taa palʋla ɖajaa Matsuo Bashō ɛnʋ yɔ, ndɩ-ɩ payaɣ size Iga-Ueno tɛtʋ.
Ɛkɛ n̄amtʋ pɩɣa kɛ ɛ-taabalaa nɛ samaɣ ŋga ɛwɛ ka-taa yɔ kɛ-sɩnda. Ɛ-pɩcatʋ taa ɛɛkɛ pɩɣa ŋga kɛwɛ lɛɣtʋ siŋŋ yɔ. Ɖajaa sɔsɔ Matsuo Bashō sɩba kamɩŋ fenaɣ taa kɛ kɩyakʋ yaa evemiye hiŋ naalɛ yaa nɛɛlɛ nɛ lutozo (28) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye kɛ pɩnaɣ 1694 n̄ɩŋga taa kɛ ɛjaɖɛ Sapɔŋ nɖɩ ɖɩ-tɛtʋ ta apeɖe.
Kooka yaa egeetiye lone nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa ɛzɩba yɔ nɖɩ-ɩ payaɣ size Ōsaka. Sakɩyɛ sɩma-ɩ siŋŋ nɛ ɛ-hɩɖɛ cikpeɖe kʋɖʋmɖɩyɛ nɖɩ paya-ɩ ɖɩ size Bashō yɔ. Hɩɖɛ cikpeɖe nɖɩ, nɖɩ-ɩ pakɩla-ɩ yaʋ ɛ-pɩcatʋ taa. Ɛ-hɩɖɛ cikpeɖe nɖɩ, ɖɩ-tʋbʋʋ kɛlɛ kɛlɛʋ size "ɛyabɩyɛ tɩʋ". Pama-ɖɩ nɛ Fransɩ kʋnʋŋ taa size «Le Bananier».
Ɖajaa sɔsɔ Matsuo Bashō ɛnɛ, ɛkɔma ɛpaɣlɩ lɛ, yaa ɛsʋtʋyaa se ɛlaba sʋsɔ lɛ, paya-ɩ hɩɖɛ size Matsuo Munefusa. Ɖajaa sʋsɔ ɛnɛ, ɛkɛ koowa maɖʋ sɔsɔ kɛ ɛ-ɛjaɖɛ Japɔŋ tɛtʋ taa. Sakɩyɛ tɔŋ ɛ-yɔɔ size, ɛkɛ yee pɔcɔlʋʋ koosi maɖaa kɛ haïku hɔɔlʋʋ taa kɛ Japɔŋ ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʋ taa kɔ yɔɔ yɔ, ɛwɛ yee pan̄ɩnʋʋ naanaza kɔ yɔ pa-taa.
Sapɔŋ ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʋ taa koosi maɖaa naanaza sɔsaɣ hɩla kɔ yɔ : ɖajaa sɔsɔ Bashō, nɛ ɖajaa sɔsɔ Buson, nɛ pɩtasɩna ɖajaa sɔsɔ Issa, nɛ pɩtɛŋna ɖajaa sɔsɔ Shiki. Mbʋ payaɣ size haïkus kɛ ɛ-kʋnʋŋ taa kɛ koosi mabʋ hɔɔlʋʋ taa yɔ, ɛlabɩ wɛ ɛzɩ kudokiŋ hiŋ naalɛ mbɩ yɔɔ yɔ. Koosi maɖʋ sɔsɔ weyi ɛna-ɩ palʋkaɣna ɖama yɔ, ɛlɛ hɩɖɛ lɛ Akira Kisaï.


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Sɔnɔ Krɛkɩ kʊnʊŋ
Sɔnɔ Krɛkɩ, Krekɩ taa lɛ, veo eλλnvιkή Yλώσσa / (neo)ellinikí glóssaa yaa yem se vέa eλλnvιkά / (néa) elliniká. Grɛkɩ kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ kɩ-kɛ ɛyaa miliiyɔɔ waa hiu nɛ kɩgbanzɩ tɛ lʊlʊʊ taa kʊnʊŋ, nɛ miliiyɔɔ waa 10,7 wɛ Krɛsɩ. Kɩ-kɛ Krɛsɩ nɛ Sipri ajɛya taa kewiyaɣ kʊnʊŋ. Krɛsɩ wɛna kʊnʊmɩŋ cɩkpeŋ nɩyɛ nɛ ɖɩnaɣ ɛlɛ Albanie nɛ Turki ajɛyɛ taa.
Kɩwɛ Krɛsɩ kʊnʊŋ pɩlɩŋga taa Ɛndɩ-Erɔpʊ kʊnʊmɩŋ cejewiye taa. Sɔnɔ Krɛkɩ lɩna koinè taa. Kɩ-maɣmaɣ kɩlɩna Krɛkɩ kɩbɩnɩʊ taa.
Ɖooo lɔŋ taa lɛ, ɛyaa nabɛyɛ yɔɔdɔɔ Krɛkɩ kʊnʊŋ Siirii nɛ Libaŋ ajɛyɛ taa kɔzɩ kɔzɩ Krɩstʊ mba tɛ pʊcɔ pɩnaɣ 1960. Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ kɩ-ɖɩma ajɛyɛ ana ada mbʊ pʊyɔ ɛsakuliye liwa. Sukuli wɩlɩtʊ ndɩ ndɩ wiziuu nɛ pɩñɩkʊʊ nice Arabɩɩ kʊnʊŋ yɔɔ. Pɩkɛ yʊsʊ lakayaɣ Fransɩɩ waɖɛ haʊ Siirii ɛjaɖɛ taa wayi nɛ Libaŋ pɩnaɣ 1943 pɩnɛ yem yem Arabɩ mba kɔmtʊ pɩnzi 1950 nɛ 1960.
Krɛkɩ kʊnʊŋ tɛ ɖɛzɩ kaawɛ Krɛsɩ ɛsɔ kɩlaʊ siuu siuu ŋgʊ taa. Egipiti taa pʊcɔ pɩnaɣ 1956 lɛ, Alexandrii egetiye taa ɛyaa sakɩyɛ nabɛyɛ nɩwaɣ Krɛkɩ tɔm. Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa peɖe lɛ, kɩ-kɛ kʊnʊŋ naanza ŋgʊ Arabɩ nɛ Fransɩɩ nɛ Englɛsɩ nɛ Italii kʊnʊmɩŋ wayi. Ɖeeɖe nɛ sɔnɔ Krɛkɩ ñima mba pɛwɛ peɖe yɔ pɛkɛ tadɩyɛ tɩna nɛ manzʊmalɩ waa.
Kpagba taa lɛ, ɖɩnaɣ Krɛkɩ ɛyaa kpaɖaŋ sakɩyɛ mɩza paale nɛ ɖɩkatʊwɛ Niyuu Yɔrɩkɩ nɛ Chicago nɛ Sanfransiskoo nɛ Melbourne nɛ Fransɩɩ nɛ Caama nɛ kewiyaɣ ɛjaɖɛ kpam ajɛyɛ taa.


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N̄ɩɣlɩm sika
Ñɣlɩm sika kɛna élément chimique nɛ kɩ-mayaɣ kɛna 79 ŋga. Mayɩsɩ lɛɛsɩ hɛkʊ taa lɛ, payaɣ-kɛ tobi taa yem se Au. Ñɩɣlɩm sika kɛna kɛwɛ ɖeu kamaɣ fɛyɩ nɛ paa anɩ ɛsɔɔla se ɛwɛna-kɛ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ ŋga palakɩn a liidiya nɛ kɛkɛna acana pʊyʊ ɖooo lɔŋ taa ɖɔɖɔ.
Pʊcɔ nɛ ñɩɣlɩm sika kɛna pamakɩ-kɛ nɛ kañɩlɩzɩʊ pɛlɛ pɛlɛ lɛ kaawɛ ɛzɩ putoo yaa kesi tɩyɛ yɔ yaa ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ pʊʊɖɛ yɔ. Ñɩlɩm sika ŋga kalɩna kaaŋ weyi tɛʊ tɔɔ-ɩ nɛ ɛ-taa kaawɛ ñɩɩtʊ ndʊ yɔ. Ñɩlɩm sika kanɛ kɛwɛ ndɩ ndɩ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ kɛwɛ caaɣ yɔ: kapɩzɩɣ kɛkɛ filon, ñɩɣlɩm pʊnɛ pʊbʊ ñalɩɣna kaaŋ ultrabasique taa nɛ ɖɔɖɔ lɩm ɖɔŋna ñɩzɩɣ kaaŋ pazɩ pazɩ nɛ pikpeɣli nɛ pɩpɩsɩ sika.
Ñɩlɩm sika ŋga patatɩɩlubita-yɔ, kɛwɛ ɖeu nɛ papɩzɩɣ pamɩlɩtɩ-kɛ yaa polubi-kɛ mbʊ pɔsɔɔlaa yɔ; pɩtasɩ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, pɩkɛna ñɩɣñɩʊ ŋgʊ kɩsa miŋsiŋŋŋ kuhukuu yɔ. Pɩkɛna ñɩɣʊyʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩwɛ ɛzɩ sʊtʊ lɩm yɔ nɛ kɩɩmʊʊkalɩkɔdaɣ yɔ, paa kɩɩwɛ lɩm taa yaa awayɩ yem kɔyɔ. Mbʊ yebina kpem nɛ ñɩɣlɩm sika ŋga paa anɩ ɛsɔɔlɩ kɔ-tɔm ɛzɩ pʊyʊ yɔ.
Ɖooo ɛzɩ pɩlɩɣ ñɩɣlɩm sika kanɛ kɔyɔɔ nɛ papaɣzɩ-kɛ huyuu yɔ, pakpaɣ nɛ pamaɣzɩ nɛ pʊkɔɔ pɩsɩɩna pɩnaɣ 2010 kɔyɔ pɩɖɛ ɛzɩ tɔɔnɩwaa 166 000 yɔ. Pɔtɔma se pamaɣzɩɣna sikiɖi pɔɔyʊʊ kɔyɔ, ɖaalakɩŋ hɔɔlʊ kʊɖʊmʊʊ ɖɛ ɛzɩ mɛtanaa nɛɛlɛ yɔ.
Keteŋa kpeekpe taa lɛ, Afrika Hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ kaakɛŋna ɖenɖe ñɩɣlɩm sika kanɛ kaakɩla wɛʊ yɔ. Ɛlɛ sɔnɔ taa yɔ Siini ɛjaɖɛ ɖɛ-ɖɩ nɔɔ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, ɖɩna ɖɩ-ɛjaɖɛ taa kɛ filon pʊɖɔɔ siŋŋŋ. Pɩtɛkɛ Siini ɖeke, mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ ajɛya cabɩ wɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ.
Ñɩɣlɩm sɩka kanɛ maawʊʊ yaa ñɩɣlɩm momoɖe taa kɛ palakɩ ka-tʊmɩyɛ.


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Ɛrbɩyɔm
Ɛrbɩyɔm kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 68 nɛ yʊsaɣ ñɩŋa yɔ Er. Ɛrbɩyɔm kɛ ñɩɣlɩm pɩyʊ kɛtɛɖaɣ tɛtʊ naa taa. Ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ lantanɩdɩ waa lalaa yɔ ɛrbɩyɔm wɛ sɛmɩŋ kpʊzɩyɛɛ liidiye tɩyɛ, ɛwɛɛ cʊndʊlʊm nɛ ɛwɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ manɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa helim taa. Ɛwɛ helim taa yem kɔyɔ ɛmʊ kalɩkɔdaɣ pazɩɩ yem.
Payaɣ-ɩ se ɛrbɩyɔm yɔ pɩlɩna lone nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa palɩ ɛ-yɔɔ yɔ, Ytterby pɩñɔtɩna Stockholm Sʊyɛdɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa, egeetiye nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa pana pɩ-tɛ ñɩɣlɩm tɛtʊ, peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ pana kɛtɛɖaɣ tɛtʊ naa sakɩyɛ. Ɛzɩ payaʊʊ hɩla anɛ yɔ ɩtrɩyɔm, tɛrbɩyɔm nɛ ɩtɛrɩbɩyɔm yɔ mbʊ ɖɔɖɔ pakpaɣna nɛ paya-ɩ ɖɔɖɔ.
Pɩnaɣ 1789 alɩwaatʊ taa kɛ Fɛɛlandɩ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkɩyʊ Johan Gadolin na ɔkɩsɩdɩ kɩfalʊʊ (yaa tɛtʊ) kɛ ɩtɛrbɩtɩ cɛbɩyaɣ nakɛyɛ taa (nɛ pʊwayɩ paya-ɩ se katɔlɩnɩtɩ pɩlɩna ɛ-hɩɖɛ yɔ). Ɛwaɣa kɩfalaɣ ŋga paatɛma-kɛ naʊ ɖooo pɩnzɩ naalɛ pɩtɩŋna sɔdʊʊ sɔɔja Carl Axel Arrhenius yɔɔ pɩñɔtɩna Ytterby haɖaa tɛtʊ kɛ Sʊyɛdɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Petisi ɛ-tʊma yɔɔ pɩnaɣ 1797 ɛlɛ pɩtɩŋna Anders Gustaf Ekeberg yɔɔ ɛnʊ weyi ɛya ɔkɩsɩdɩ kɩfalʊ ŋgʊ se yttria.
Pɩkɔma pɩnaɣ 1870 taa lɛ, mʊntʊsɩŋ weliŋ tʊma laɣsɩ wɩlɩɣ se ɛrbɩnɩ kɛ lɩm kisidim mbʊ papɩzɩɣ patɩŋna pɔyɔɔ nɛ pana pʊtʊnaa lalaa yɔ. Pʊtʊnaa mba yɔ sɩkandɩyɔm, hɔlɩmɩyɔm nɛ tʊlɩyɔm (pɩnaɣ 1879), pʊwayɩ kɔyɔ tɩsɩprɔsɩyɔm (pɩnaɣ 1886) nɛ kpaagba ɖeɖe kɔyɔ lʊtɛsɩyɔm (pɩnaɣ 1907). Georges Urbain nɛ Charles James papɩzɩna palɩzɩ-ɩ eyeke pɩnaɣ 1905.


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Polivi
Polivii kɛna Amerika nɛ hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ ajɛya wena acɔ-ɖɩ nɛ ata yɔ ana yɔ: Pirezili, Paraguwe, Arizantini, Siilii nɛ Peruu. Pʊtɔbʊʊ se ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖifɛyɩ teŋgu nakʊyʊ cɔlɔ yaa lɩŋgamʊʊ na kʊyʊ cɔlɔ. Pʊcɔ nɛ Erɔpɩ mba pazɩɣ-ɖɩ kpacayʊ lɛ, Polivii kaakɛna Inkaawaa tɛ ɛjaɖɛ wɩyaʊ sɔsɔ kewiyaɣ nɛ pɩɩkɛna tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩɩkɩlɩ walɩɣ kɛ Amrika nɛ pʊcɔ nɛ Kolombʊtʊ kɔɔ yɔ. ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩmʊ ɖɩ-tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊ kɛ pɩna 1809 lɛ, you laba ɛzɩ pɩnzɩ 16 yɔ fayɩɩ pʊcɔ nɛ payaɣ tɛtʊ tʊnɛ Simon Bolivar.
Polivii kɛna ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa keyiyaɣ kpelaɣ wɛ tɛtʊ ñnʊʊtʊ nesi tɛɛ yɔ nɛ pɛtɛyɩ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ kɛ hɔɔlɩŋ nakʊ. Peeɖe kʊñɔntɩnaa ɖɔɔ nɛ patalɩɣ ɛzɩ ɛyaa 43 kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ. Tʊma wena palakɩ yɔ a-taa kɔyɔ haɖaʊ, tɩŋ sɔʊʊ nɛ piyiiŋ lɔʊ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa tɛtɛɛ ñɩm nabʊyʊ wɛɛ: étain, argent, yaa litiyɔm. Polivii ɛjaɖɛ taa Amerika ilemiye taa ɛndɩ mba waa wɛɛ, pisidam waa ɖɔɖɔ, Erɔpɩ mba, Aazii mba nɛ Afrika maba ɖɔɖɔ wɛɛ.
Kʊnɔŋ ŋgʊ pawɩlɩɣ-kʊ sukulinaa taa nɛ pɔyɔɔdɩɣ-kʊ komina tʊma taa peeɖe yɔ ŋgʊ lɛ ɛsɩpañɔlɩ. Kʊnʊmɩŋ ɛzɩ aymara nɛ kesua yɔ, pɔyɔɔdɩɣ-ɩ ɖɔɖɔ. Polivii ɛjaɖɛ taa kʊnʊmɩŋ weyi pɔyɔɔdɩɣ komɩna tʊma taa yaa pawɩlɩɣ sukulinaa taa yɔ ɛkpɛndɩ 37, an yɔ: ayimara, arawɔna, bɔrɩ, besiro, kanisana, kavineña, kayubaba, saokobo, simaŋ, ese ɛja, ɛsɩpañɩ, kuarani, kuarasuwe, kuarayu, itonama, kalawaya, leko, masineri, maropa, mojeño-trinitario, mojeño-iñasiano, more, moseteŋ, movima, pakahuara, pukina, kesua, siriono, takana, tapiyete, toromona, uru-sipaya, wisi, yaminahua, yuki, yurakare nɛ zamuco.


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Alizeerii
Alizeerii ɛjaɖɛ kɛ Afrika nɛ kɩ-hayi kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ. Ɖɩwɛ ajɛya wena akpɛndaa nɛ payaɣ-yɛ se Maagrɛɛbʊ yɔ a-taa. Alizeerii ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Alizee. Tɩwɛ Alizeerii nɛ kɩ-hayi kiŋ Mediteranee teŋgu cɔlɔ kpam. Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩkɩlɩna samaɣ wɛnaʊ. Afrika kpeekpe taa lɛ, Alizeerii tɛtʊ kɩlɩna walʊʊ. Tɩwalaa pɩtalɩ ɛzɩ kilomɛtanaa agbaba ɛzɩ 2 381 741 mbʊ yɔ.
Alizeerii ɛjaɖɛ sɩna Tuniizii nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ nɛ hayi kiŋ. Wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa ɖeyi ɖeyi lɛ, Liibii ɛjaɖɛ; piyele nɛ hadɛ kiŋ lɛ, Nizɛɛrɩ nɛ Malii ajɛya. Wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ nɛ hadɛ kiŋ lɛ, Moritaanii nɛ Sahara wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ ɖeyi ɖeyi lɛ, Marɔkɩ ɛjaɖɛ. Alizeerii taa ɛyaa laba kʊñɔŋ siŋŋ. Palʊba lʊbɩyɛ ɖɔɖɔ siŋŋ nɛ poyoo yoŋ sakɩyɛ nɛ pʊcɔ pɛwɛɛ pa-tɩ yɔɔ hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ kɩyakɩŋ kagbaanzɩ ñɩŋgʊ, wiye pɩnaɣ 1962 taa.
Alizeerii ɛjaɖɛ wɛ kedeŋa kpeekpe ajɛya kpɛndʊʊ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se ONU ŋgbɛyɛ yɔ ɖɩ-taa. Alizeerii ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ, ɖɩwɛ ɖɔɖɔ Afrika ajɛya kpɛndʊʊ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ ɖɩɖɩ se Union africaine yɔ ɖɩ-taa, pɩ nɛ ɖama nɩnaʊ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩɩtɩŋɩɣ nɔɔyʊ wayɩ nɛ kpaɣnɛ ɖooo kɩ-tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊ pɩnaɣ 1962 taa yɔ, Alizeerii ɛjaɖɛ sʊ Ligue arabe ŋgbɛyɛ taa. Lɛlaɣ fenaɣ, pɩnaɣ 1989 taa kɛ Alizeerii nɛ Maagrɛɛbʊ ajɛya palaba nɔɔ nɛ patʊlɩ kɩgaʊ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ sɔnɔ se Union du Maghreb arabe (UMA) yɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ, ɖɛwɛ ɖɔɖɔ Mediiteranee ŋgbɛyɛ kɩkpɛndʊʊ taa pɩnaɣ 2008 taa.
Alizeerii kaŋgalafʊ nimaɣ paɣzɩɣna +213 nɛ liidiye nɖɩ pɔtɔkɩ peeɖe yɔ, payaɣ-ɖɩ se Alizeerii Dinar.


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Minziiki
Minziiki kɛ taŋ nɩʋ tʋmɩyɛ labʋ nɛ ɖiuɖiu sum yaa ɛzɩ pɔtɔŋgʋʋ size tamɩyɛ tʋmɩyɛ lakasɩ mbɩ yɔ pɛkpɛndʋ kɛ alɩwaatʋ kʋɖʋmtʋ taa. Tisuu yaa tisitu kɛnɛ, kidesinaa yaa kɩtɩlɩsɩna ɛzɩ payaɣʋ nɛ Fransɩ kʋnʋŋ taa size "support" yɔ.
Kidesinaa ŋga keyekina nɛ pɩtɩnɩ camɩyɛ kɛ kpaʋ yaa tibu taa kɛ sakɩyɛ kɔm yaa sakɩyɛ talʋʋ taa. Minziiki kʋnɛ, kɩkɛ kɔɔnɔɔ yaa kajalaɣ taa mbɩ yɔ kɛ, keɖeɣaɣ tʋmɩyɛ labʋ lɩzʋʋ, kɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ mbɩ yɔ kɛ, kawɩlaɣ yaa wɩlɩtʋ wonu.
Ɛyaa sakɩyɛ tɩŋgʋʋna minziiki wonu kʋnɛ kɩ yɔ nɛ kɩ yɔɔdʋna samaɣ. Kɔɔnɔɔ lɛ, kaɖʋʋ tɔm ndʋ kajaa kɔ yɔdɩ yɔ hendu taa nɛ pɩkpɛmdɩ pɩwɛ minziiki taa. Samaɣ yɔɔdɩnaʋ pɩtɩŋgɩna minziiki yɔ kɛna nʋmɔʋ yaa hɔɔlʋʋ sɔsɔʋ ŋgʋ hendu teyaa kɩlɩʋ tɩŋgɩnaʋ yɔ.
Minziiki kʋnɛ, kɩlakɩna payaʋ nɛ Fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ ta size "notes de musique", kɩlabɩna ɖɔɖɔ nabʋyʋ taa ɖɔɖɔ kɛ ɖama yɔɔ ɖama yɔɔ wiluu. Pɩkpɛmdɩ payɩ lɛ pɩwɩ ɖeu nɩʋ taa paa pɛwɛ ndɩ ndɩ kɔ yɔ. Minziiki wendu natʋyʋ natʋyʋ kɔ yɔ : nɔɔ ŋga ɖɩyɔɔdʋna yɔ, tomnaɣ ŋga ɖɩwɛna yɔ nɛ pɩtasɩna wendu lɛɛtʋ sakɩyɛ.
Minziiki wɛ paa ɛjaɖɛ yaa kooka yaa egeetiye nɖɩ-ɩ lɛ ɖɩ-taa. Nɛ paa ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ-ɩ lɛ nɛ ɖɩ-hɔɔlɩŋ taa minziiki nɛ hendu. Minziiki wɛ nɛ pɩcɔ caanaʋ mamaɣ tɔm talɩʋ ya kɔŋ. Kɩhaɣ taa leleŋ kɛ kazandʋ yaa hendu teu taa yaa payɛ taa ɖɔɖɔ kɛ mbɩ yɔ.
Minziiki kɛ ɖɔɖɔ kɛ kumoɖe yaa sɩɣgbela kɛ kooka yaa egeetiye naɖɩ sɔnzɩ taa yaa hama taa kɛ mbɩ yɔ. Ɖɩgba ɛzɩ ɛjaɖɛ hendʋ sɔsɔtʋ ɛzɩ payaʋ nɛ Fransɩɩ kʋnʋŋ taa size "hymne national" yɔ. Pɩtasɩna minziiki waa panɛ : sɔnzɩ minziiki, nɛ kazandʋ ndɩ ndɩ minziiki, nɛ Ɛsɔ samtʋ kazandʋ minziiki, nɛ pɩtasɩna sɔjanaa minziiki.