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Eeboolaa
Eeboolaa kɛ kʋdɔŋ piye.Kʋdɔŋ pe wena payaɣ se "filovirus" yɔ, a-taa lɛɛɖɛ.
Kʋdɔŋ piye Eeboolaa ɛsʋ ɛyʋ calɩm taa yɔ, anɩza calɩɣna-ɩ kpaʋ. Ɛnɩzɩɣ lɛ, pɩ-taa piyi kɔdɔ kɔdɔ. Pʋwayɩ lɛ, pʋdʋ nɩzɩɣ nɛ calɩm. Kpezuu nakʋyʋ kpa-ɩ kɩfɛyɩ tɛm. Ɛ-yɔɔ lɩɩ pe takɩŋ takɩŋ. Halɩ nɛ sɔnɔ patanada Eeboola kʋdɔŋ piye kɔyɛ. Ɛlɛ, n̄ɩnɩyaa sɔsaa ɖɔŋ maɣzʋʋ kɔ naayɛ yɔɔ se pana se awaɣ kʋdɔŋ piye nɖɛ yaa aawaɣ. Kɔ wena pɔɖɔŋ-yɛ maɣzʋʋ yɔ, ana yɔ "ZMapp" nɛ "favipiravir". Sɛmɩŋ cɔʋna kɔdɔŋ piye nɖɩ nɛ ɖɩtɔyʋʋ kedeŋa kpeekpe.
Kʋdɔŋ piye nɖɩ ɖɩ-wɛtʋ wɛ ndɩ kpem nɛ ɖɩ-tɔm cɛɣ kaɖɛ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ. Paapɩzɩɣ poɖukuna-ɖɩ se pana ɖɩ-wɛtʋ tɩŋa ɖɔkɔtɔnaa tɩŋa taa yem. Ɖɔkɔtɔnaa sɔsaa mba pɛwɛna ɖɔkɔtɔ wondu sɔsɔtʋ nɛ kɩfatʋ yɔ pa-taa papɩzɩɣ patazɩ camɩyɛ nɛ pana Eeboolaa kʋdɔŋ piye wɛtʋ nɛ mbʋ ɖɩkɛnaa yɔ siŋŋ. Ɖɔkɔtɔ kuduyiŋ sɔsɔŋ weyi ɛ-tɛɛ papɩzɩɣ patazɩ poɖukuna kʋdɔŋ piye Eeboolaa nɛ pɩɩpɩzɩɣ pɩɖɛɛ ɖ;pokɔtɔnaa yɔ, ɛnʋʋ lɛ "laboratoires P4" yaa "BSL-4".
Pɔɔ nakɛyɛ hɩɖɛ paha kʋdɔŋ piye Eeboolaa. Pɔɔ ŋga kɛɖɛɣna Yambuku tɛtʋ taa. Yambuku tɛtʋ ndʋ tɩwɛ Koŋo ɛjaɖɛ nɛ hayi kiŋ hɔɔlʋʋ taa. Koŋgoo ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩɩ payaɣ lɛɛlɛɛyɔ se Zaayiiri ɛjaɖɛ. Ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-tɛ ɖɔkɔtɔ nakʋyʋ taa pacalɩ naʋ kʋdɔŋ piye Eeboola kʋdɔndʋ nɔɔyʋ calɩm taa salaŋ fenaɣ taa pɩnaɣ 1976 taa. Ɖɔkɔtɔ sɔsɔ Peter Piot nana kʋdɔŋ piye nɖɩ. Ɛnʋ nana se kʋdɔŋ piye nɖɩ ɖɩkaɣ sʋʋ ɛyaa 318 calɩm taa nɛ ɖɩkʋ pɩtalɩ ɛyaa 280.
Kʋdɔmɩŋ pe wena payaɣ se "Ebolavirus" yɔ, a-taa lɛɛɖɛ payaɣ se Eeboolaa. Kʋdɔmɩŋ pe ana awɛ kʋdɔmɩŋ pe "filovirus" pɩlɩʋ taa.
Kʋdɔmɩŋ pe ana awɛ huwa kagbaanzɩ taa. Pʋwɛ kaɖɛ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ se ɛyʋ ɛpɩzɩ ɛtɩlɩ tokaɣ ŋga kɛwɛ kʋdɔmɩŋ pe ana a-hɛkʋ taa yɔ mbʋ yɔ alɩ ɖama siŋŋ.
Kʋdɔmɩŋ pe wena awɛ kʋdɔŋ piye Eeboolaa tɩyɛ yɔ, anaa yɔ:
- Kʋdɔŋ piye Eeboolaa tɩtɩŋɛ, paya-ɖɩ ɖɔɖɔ se "EBOV". Ɖooo lɛ, payawaɣ-ɖɩ se "ZEBOV" yaa "Eeboolaa Zaïre". Pɩnaɣ 1976 taa pana kʋdɔŋ piye nɖɩ Koŋgoo ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ payaɣ nɔɔnɔɔ se Zaayiiri. Kʋdɔŋ piye nɖɩ ɖikɩlɩ kaɖɛ kʋdɔmɩŋ pe lɛɛna wena awɛ ɖɩ-tɩyɛ yɔ. Nɖɩ lɩna pɩnaɣ 2014 taa Afrɩka nɛ wɩsɩ ɖʋɖʋyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ taa nɛ ɖɩkʋ ɛyaa sakɩyɛ.
- Eeboolaa wayɩ lɛ, ɖɩnaɣ kʋdɔŋ piye nɖɩ payaɣ se Suudaanɩ (SUDV) yɔ. Ɖooo lɛ, payawaɣ ɖɩɖɩ se SEBOV yaa Eeboolaa soudan. Suudaanɩ nɛ hadɛ kɩŋ hɔɔlɩŋ taa nɛ Uugandaa pɛ-ajɛɛ taa kʋdɔŋ piye nɖɩ ɖɩlɩwa.
- Eeboolaa suudaanɩ wayɩ lɛ, ɖɩnaɣ ɖɔɖɔ kʋdɔŋ piye nɖɩ payaɣ se, Rɛɛsɩtɔɔnɩ yɔ (RESTV). Ɖooo lɛ, payawaɣ-ɖɩ se REBOV yaa Eeboolaa Rɛɛsɩtɔɔnɩ. Pɩnaɣ 1983 taa pana kʋdɔŋ piye nɖɩ Rɛɛsɩtɔɔnɩ egeetiye taa Etaazuunii ɛjaɖɛ taa.
- Eeboolaa Rɛɛsɩtɔɔnɩ wayɩ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, ɖɩnaɣ kʋdɔŋ piye nɖɩ payaɣ se Fɔɔrɛɛ de Taayii (TAFV) yɔ. Ɖooo lɛ, payawaɣ-ɖɩ se Eeboolaa Fɔɔrɛɛ de Taayii yaa se Eeboolaa "Côte d'Ivoire". Pɩnaɣ 1994 taa pana kʋdɔŋ piye nɖɩ Taayii egeetiye taa wondu kaɖaɣ taa Côte d'Ivoire ɛjaɖɛ taa, Giinee nɛ Liibeeria pa-kamasɩ yɔɔ.
- Eeboolaa Fɔɔrɛɛ de Taayii wayɩ lɛ, ɖɩnaɣ kʋdɔŋ piye nɖɩ payaɣ se "Bundibugyo (BDBV) yɔ. Ɖooo lɛ, payawaɣ-ɖɩ se BEBOV yaa Eeboolaa Bundibugyo. Pɩnaɣ 2008 taa pana-ɖɩ Bundibugyo egeetiye taa Uugandaa ɛjaɖɛ taa.
Kʋdɔŋ piye nɖɩ payaɣ se Eeboolaa Rɛɛsɩtɔɔnɩ yɔ, pana-ɖɩ pɩnaɣ 1989 taa Filipiini ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɖɩwɛ ɖɔɖɔ Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛyaa kamaɣzaa se kʋdɔŋ piye nɖɩ ɖɩsʋʋ ɛyʋ calɩm taa. Ɛlɛ, pɩnaɣ 2009 taa lɛ, pana se afa ɖɛzɩ kʋdɔŋ piye nɖɩɩ ɛyʋ nɔɔyʋ.
Pana Eeboolaa Bundibugyo pɩnaɣ 2008 taa. Ɖɩ nɛ Eeboolaa Fɔɔrɛɛ de Taayii palɩ ɖama siŋŋ. Ɛlɛ, Eeboolaa Bundibugyo tɔm kɩla kaɖɛ Eeboolaa Fɔɔrɛɛ de Taayii.
Kʋdɔŋ piye Eeboolaa wɛ ɛzɩma wɛtʋ?[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Eeboolaa kʋdɔŋ piye wɛ ɛzɩ ɖalʋ yɔ. Ɖɩwɛ kʋdɔmɩŋ pe wena payaɣ se "Mononegavirales" yɔ a-pɩlɩʋ taa. Kʋdɔmɩŋ pe wena payaɣ se "virus à ARN monocaténaire" waa yɔ, awɛ pɩlɩʋ ŋgʋ kɩ-taa ɖɔɖɔ. Ɖooo lɛ, pakpaɣ-yɛ se awɛ "rhabdovirus" pɩlɩʋ taa. Sɔnɔ yɔ, ɛyʋ naa se kʋdɔmɩŋ pe Eeboolaa waa nɩɣzɩna kʋdɔmɩŋ pe wena payaɣ se "paramyxovirus waa" yɔ. Kʋdɔmɩŋ pe ana a-taa lɛ, ɖɩnaɣ kʋdɔmɩŋ pe wena ayeki nɛ nɩŋgbatiŋ nɛ kpizim pakpaɣ ɛyʋ yɔ.
Kʋdɔŋ piye Eeboolaa ɖaɣlaa ɛzɩ 0,8 yaa 1 um mbʋ yɔ. Ɛlɛ, naɖɩyɛ pɩzɩɣ ɖɩɖaɣlɩ pɩtalɩ 14 um mbʋ yɔ. Kʋdɔŋ piye nɖɩ ɖɩwalɩɣ pɩtalɩ 80 nm mbʋ yɔ. Ɖɩ-taa wɛ mbʋ payaɣ se "nucléoprotéines NP et VP30 waa yɔ. Mbʋ payaɣ se, "matrice hélicoïdale" yɔ, ɖihuuzi ɖɩ-yɔɔ. "Matrice hélicoïdale" ɛnʋ ɛwalaa pɩtalɩ ɛzɩ 40 yaa 50 nm mbʋ yɔ. Pa-taa wɛ " protéines VP24 et VP40 waa". Tɔnʋʋ nakʋyʋ, kɩwɛ lɛfɩɩɩ, ŋgʋ huuzina pɩ-tɩŋa payɩ mbʋ yɔ pʋ-yɔɔ. Kɩ-taa wɛ mbʋ payaɣ se "glycoprotéines GP waa" yɔ.
Kʋdɔŋ piye Mbʋ payaɣ se"ARN" pɩ-ɖaɣlakɩŋ "GC" ɖɔ ɛzɩma yɔ.
Kʋdɔŋ piye nɖɩ payaɣ se "Marburg" yɔ, ɖɩ-taa n̄ama n̄ama naa ɖaɣlaa ɛzɩ 19,11 kb mbʋ yɔ. Mbʋ payaɣ se "GC" yɔ pʋwɛ pa-taa pɩtalɩ 38,8 % mbʋ yɔ. Ŋgʋ, kʋdɔŋ piye nɖɩ payaɣ ɖɩɖɩ se Lloviu yɔ, ɖɩɖɩ-taa n̄ama n̄ama naa n̄aɖaɣlaa ɛzɩ 18,93 kb mbʋ yɔ nɛ "GC" n̄ɛwɛɛ pa-taa pɩtalɩ 46,0 % mbʋ yɔ.
Sɛmɩŋ kɔŋnana kʋdɔŋ piye Eeboolaa. Kɔzɩ kɔzɩ Egipiti ɛjaɖɛ taa sɛmɩŋ kɩsɛmɩŋ. Pana mbʋ pʋwɛɛ pɩkaɖɩɣna kʋdɔŋ piye Eeboolaa Zaayiiri yɔ sɛmɩŋ naadozo calɩm mbʋ payaɣ se seerɔɔm yɔ pɩ-taa. Sɛmɩŋ ɛnʋ ɛ-hɩla yɔ: Hypsignathus monstrosus nɛ Epomops franqueti nɛ Myonycteris torquata. Ŋgʋ ɖooo mbʋ yɔ patana kʋdɔŋ piye Eeboolaa sɛmɩŋ ɛnʋ ɛ-calɩm taa kaʋ. Pɩtɛkɛ sɛmɩŋ taa ɖeke kʋdɔŋ piye Eeboolaa wɛɛ. Kʋdɔŋ piye nɖɩ ɖɩwɛ ɖɔɖɔ yuŋ nɛ n̄ɛya nɛ kɩlɩndɩyɩŋ nɛ n̄ɩtʋ taa nandʋ natʋyʋ natʋyʋ ɛzɩ tɩkpayɩŋ nɛ ahuwa pa-taa.
Ɛlɛ, sɛmɩŋ kɩlɩɣna yɛlɩnaʋ kʋdɔŋ piye eeboolaa kpem. Ɖooo lɛ, ɛyaa kasɩmaa sɛmʋʋ ɖɛzɩɣ kʋdɔŋ piye nɖɩɩ n̄ɩtʋ taa nandʋ natʋyʋ nɛ alɩwaatʋ ndʋ ɛyʋ tɔkɩ tɛtɛ kpɩnɛ nɖɩ pɩɖɛ-ɖɩ yɔ pʋcɔ pɩɖɛɛ-ɩ .Yazɩ pɩtɛkɛ mbʋ. Sɛmʋʋ pɩzɩɣ kɩɖɛzɩ kɩudɔŋ piye nɖɩɩ ɛyʋ kpaakpaa.
Ɖɩɣa afanaa taa pɩzɩɣ pʋwɛɛ kʋdɔŋ piye Eeboolaa. Alɩwaatʋ ndʋ kʋdɔŋ piye Eeboolaa sʋʋ afa calɩm taa lɛ, afa mooyom kpeŋ n ɛ pʋwɛɛ ɛzɩ afanaa kʋdɔmɩŋ lɛɛŋ kpaɣʋ-wɛ nɛ pɛwɛɣ yɔ.
Écoépidémiologie[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Ɛzɩma pɩtɩŋʋʋ nɛ Eeboolaa sʋʋ ɛyʋ calɩm taa?[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
- Eeboolaa cɔʋ cɔʋ mbʋ kedeŋa yɔɔ yɔ, ɛyʋ tatɩɩtɩlɩda camɩyɛ. Ɛlɛ, ɛyʋ nawa se Sɛmɩŋ cɔʋna Eeboolaa kʋdɔŋ piye kedeŋa yɔɔ paa le. Sɛmɩŋ ɖɛzɩɣ kʋdɔŋ piye nɖɩ tɩkpayɩŋ. Ɛyʋ n̄ɛyɛlɩɣ lakʋ taa nɛ ɛkʋʋ awayɩ nandʋ. Awayɩ nandʋ ndʋ, yee Eeboolaa ɛtɛma sʋʋ tɩ-calɩm taa yɔ, alɩwaatʋ ndʋ ɛyʋ tɔkɩ-tʋ yɔ, kʋdɔŋ piye nɖɩ ɖɩɖɛɣ-ɩ kpaakpaa. Eeboolaa sʋʋ ɛyʋ calɩm taa kpaakpaa alɩwaatʋ ndʋ ɛtɔkɩ Sɛmʋʋ nandʋ yɔ, kɔzɩ kɔzɩ sɛmʋʋ ŋgʋ payaɣ se "Hypsignathus monstrosus" yɔ.
Eeboolaa sʋʋ ɛyʋ calɩm taa lɛ, alɩwaatʋ ɛzɩma ɛnaɣna?[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Eeboolaa kʋdɔŋ piye ɛsʋ ɛyʋ calɩm taa yɔ, kɩyakɩŋ naalɛ yaa kɔyɔ kɩyakɩŋ nɛɛlɛ nɛ kʋɖʋmʋʋ wiye ɛnaɣna. Ɛlɛ, kɩyakɩŋ naanza yaa kɔyɔ kɩyakɩŋ nakʋ wayɩ ɛyʋ kɩlɩɣ naʋ se Eeboolaa sʋ ɛ-calɩm taa. Eeboolaa sʋʋ ɛyʋ calɩm taa lɛ, kpɩtaʋ mpilim wayɩ kɩpaɣzɩɣ kʋ-tʋmɩyɛ labʋ ɛ-calɩm taa. Kʋdɔŋ piye nɖɩ ɖɩtɔkɩ ɛ-hʋyɩŋ tɛɛ, ɖɩtɔɔ ɛ-hʋzɩŋ nɛ pʋdʋ paɣzɩ anɩza nɛ calɩm. Piileɖiɣ nɛ pʋdʋ sɩ, mbʋ yɔ pɩlakɩ mbʋʋ lɛ, pɩɖɩkɩ e-feziŋ.
Eeboolaa sʋʋ ɛyʋ calɩm taa lɛ, kʋcɔʋ ɛyʋ nandʋ kpeekpe kɩta. Kʋtɔkɩ ɛ-mɔɔ taa n̄ɩm tɩŋa payɩ kɩsɔyɩ ɛ-calɩm. Kɩcɔʋ ɛ-fɩtɩyɩm taa, kʋsʋʋ ɛ-hʋzɩŋ tɛɛ, kɩtɔɔ ɛ-hɔyɛ nɛ e-yozaɣ, kɩsʋʋ ɛ-ladɩho tɛɛ, kɩcɔɔ e-tomnaɣ tɩŋa taa, kʋsʋʋ e-loyuu taa. Ɛyʋ ɛnʋ ɛtɛŋna sɩm mbʋ calɩm fɛyɩ ɛ-yɔɔ, feziŋ n̄aakpaɣ.
Kʋdɔŋ piye Eeboolaa wɛ ndɩ kpem nɛ kʋdɔmɩŋ pe lɛɛna mbʋ yɔ, kʋsʋ ɛyʋ calɩm taa yɔ, kɩtɩŋɩɣna tɔɔʋ ɛ-taa mbʋ mbʋ pʋwɛɛ nɛ pʋdʋ caɣ wezuu yɔ pɩtɩŋɛ. Pʋdʋ ɛnʋ ɛ-yɔɔ lɩɣ pe kɩsɛma naayɛ, anɩza naayɛ kpayɩ, ɛnɩzɩɣna calɩm. Pʋtɔkɩ ɛ-tɔnʋʋ yɔɔ, pʋtɔɔ ɛ-tɔnʋʋ tɛɛ. E-tomnaɣ ɛɛtazɩɣ wɛʋ ɖoŋ, kɛwɛɣ yem ɖɔfɩɩɩ. Ekpeziɣ nɛ e-tomnaɣ cɩyɩɣ.
Ɛzɩma Eeboolaa ɖɛʋ ɛyaa[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Alɩwaatʋ ndʋ ɛyʋ ɖukuuna weyi Eeboolaa kpa-ɩ yɔ ɛ-calɩm yaa ɛ-hɩm yaa ɛ-kɩjɛbɛyʋʋ yaa ɛ-ndaatʋ yaa ɛ-mʋʋna yaa e-soŋaɣ yɔ, kʋdɔŋ piye Eeboolaa ɖɛɣ-ɩ kpaakpaa. Ɖɔkɔtɔnaa pɩkɩlɩɣ ɖɛʋ alɩwaatʋ ndʋ paacɔŋna weyi Eeboolaa kpa-ɩ yɔ ɛ-yɔɔ yɔ. Pʋ-yɔɔ pʋwɛɛ se cɩɖɩcɩɖɩ wɛtʋ nʋmɔʋ ɛkpa ɖoŋ ɖɔkɔtɔnaa tɩŋa taa. Pʋwɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ se wondu ndʋ palakɩna-tʋ nɛ tʋmɩyɛ yɔ, pɔhɔ-tʋ miŋ ɖeu yaa pɔn̄ɔɔzɩ-tʋ camɩyɛ nɛ pʋcɔ palana-tʋ nɛ tʋmɩyɛ. Ɖɔkɔtɔnaa sakɩyɛ sɩba pɩtɩŋna kaakendu ndʋ tɩ-yɔɔ nɛ piyele nɛ Eeboolaa tɛzɩɣ tɔyʋʋ kʋtɔyʋ.
Eeboolaa ɛkpa ɛyʋ yɔ, piileɖiɣ nɛ pʋcɔ kɩɖɛɛ ɛ-cɔlɔ n̄ɩma. Alɩwaatʋ ndʋ ɛyʋ ɖukuuna weyi Eeboolaa kpa-ɩ yɔ ɛ-calɩm yaa ɛ-ndaatʋ yaa ɛ-mʋʋna yaa e-soŋaɣ yaa ɛ-halɩtʋ yaa ɛ-abalɩtʋ taa lɩm yɔ, pɩɖɛɛ-ɩ kpaakpaa. Weyi Eeboolaa kpa-ɩ yɔ, paa ɛkɔma ɛsɩ yɔ, pʋfɛyɩ se ɛyʋ eɖukuna-ɩ yem nɛ ɛtɛlɛɛ nesi huyuu ŋgʋ kiyeki se kʋdɔŋ piye naɖɩyɛ ɛtaaɖɛɛ-ɩ yɔ. Afrɩka hɔɔlɩŋ nɩɩyɛ taa sɔnzɩ pɔzʋʋ se, ɛyʋ ɛsɩba yɔ, pʋwɛɛ se pɔsɔ-ɩ lɩm, pɔn̄ɔɔzɩ-ɩ camɩyɛ nɛ pʋcɔ pepimi-i. Pɛtɛŋɩ-ɩ pim lɛ, pɔcɔ kɔyɛ sɩɖʋ ɛnʋ ɛ-nɔnɔɔ taa nɛ pasɩɩ n̄anaɣ nakɛyɛ taa nɛɛ paa anɩ ɛsaŋ-pʋ e-nesi nɛ pʋcɔ ekpe ɛ-tɛ. Pɩdɛ lakasɩ nzɩ siyeki nɛ Eeboolaa kʋdɔŋ piye ɖɛɣ ɛyaa tɩŋa. Koŋgoo ɛjaɖɛ taa nabɛyɛ tɔɔ tɩkpayʋ natʋyʋ nɛ Eeboolaa kpa-wɛ. Pʋ-yɔɔ pɩfɛyɩ ɖeu se ɛyaa eleɣyina tɩkpayɩŋ yem yaa pɔtɔɔ ɛ-nandʋ. Ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, sɛmɩŋ cɔlɔ pɩlɩɣna nɛ Eeboolaa tɔyʋʋ kedeŋa kpeekpe. Abiijanɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa sɛmɩŋ kɩlɩ tɔyʋʋ.
Ɛzɩma pawaɣ Eeboolaa?[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Halɩ nɛ sɔnɔ patanada Eeboolaa kɔyɛ hayʋʋ. Ɛyaa mba eeboolaa kpawa yɔ, mɩnʋʋ yɔɔ lɛ, ɛyaa 90 sɩba. Mbʋ wɩlɩɣna se Eeboolaa kɛ kʋdɔŋ ŋgʋ kʋ-tɔm caɣ kaɖɛ siŋŋ Afrɩka tɛtʋ taa yɔ. Ɖɔkɔtɔnaa fɛyɩna wondu yaa kɔ wena pʋpɔzʋʋ se pawaa yaa palʋbɩna Eeboolaa yɔ. Ɛlɛ, papɩzɩ patɩŋna mbʋ payaɣ se "Traitements symptomatiques" yɔ pʋ-yɔɔ nɛ pɩɖaŋ se kʋdɔŋ tʋ ɛtaasɩ. Un vaccin vivant atténué expérimental donne des résultats encourageants chez le singe51. Il a été administré en mars 2009 à une chercheuse travaillant sur le virus, après une possible contamination accidentelle. L'évolution en a été favorable52.
Paa mbʋ yɔ, lakɩŋ fenaɣ pɩnaɣ 2009 n̄ɩnɩyʋ halɩn̄ɩnʋ nɔɔyʋ laba tʋmɩyɛ nɛ kɔyɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ ɛla nɛ tɩkpayʋ nɔɔyʋ yɔɔ cɛ, Eeboolaa kakpa-ɩ.
Pɔɖɔŋa maɣzʋʋ kɔ naayɛ tɛtɛkpɩnɛ yɔɔ se pana se alakɩ tʋmɩyɛ naa aalakɩ. Ɛsɔ ɛsɩna pɩdɛ n̄ɩnɩyaa mba. Kɔ ana a-taa yɔ " l'ARN polymérase". Ɖɔkɔtɔnaa maɣzɩ seerɔɔm ŋgʋ payaɣ se "ZMapp" yɔ nɛ papɩzɩ pawaa Ameriika tɛtʋ taa kʋdɔŋ tɩnaa naalɛ mba Eeboolaa kpa-wɛ yɔ. Kɛyɩna fenaɣ pɩnaɣ 2014 taa pamaɣzɩ seerɔɔm ŋgʋ. Seerɔɔm ŋgʋ, palaba-kʋ nɛ taba hatʋ. Jaapɔɔnɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ taa n̄ɩma ɖɔɖɔ n̄an̄ɩnaa nɛ pamaɣzɩ kɔ naayɛ kɛ holaa mba Eeboolaa kpawa yɔ. Pɩkpa-wɛ nɛ pɩla kɩyakɩŋ loɖo lɛ, palaba pɔ-yɔɔ tʋmɩyɛ.
Ɛzɩma pʋwɛɛ se ɛyʋ ɛla nɛ Eeboolaa ɛtaakpa-ɩ?[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Pʋwɛɛ se :
- ɛyʋ esuu e-nesi huyuu nɛ ehuuzi ɛ-tɩŋa yɔɔ nɛ wonuu nakʋyʋ nɛ pʋcɔ ɛkʋ tɛtɛkpɩnɛ nɖɩ Eeboolaa kpawa yɔ. Pʋwɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ se ɛyʋ epiŋ tɛtɛkpɩna wena ɛkʋ-yɛ mbʋ lɛ, ɛla ɖɛfɛɛɛ nɛ ɛtaaɖukuni-yɛ yem. Pʋwɛ ɖeu ɖɔɖɔ se ajɛɛ n̄ʋʋdɩnaa ɛlʋ nɛ tɛtɛkpɩna ɛtaacɔʋ ajɛɛ tɩŋa nɛ ataŋ yem.
- ɛyʋ ɛtɩzɩ paa calɩm yaa nandʋ ndʋ pɩpɩɩ camɩyɛ siŋŋ nɛ pʋcɔ ɛtɔɔ.
- ajɛɛ wena a-taa Eeboolaa tɛma lɩʋ yɔ akɛdɩ ajɛɛ lɛɛna taa n̄ɩma mbʋ Eeboolaa lakɩ nɛ ɛzɩma mbʋ palakɩ se paɖɩɣ-kʋ kaʋ yɔ, pɩkpɛndɩna lesi labʋ taa mbʋ yɔ. Ɛyaa mba pasɩbɩna eeboolaa yɔ, pʋwɛɛ se, pataasɩ-wɛ, pepimi-wɛ kpaakpaa. Pe-ɖipimiye pʋwɛɛ se ɛyaa ɛtɩlɩ labʋ nɛ Eeboolaa ɛtaaɖɛɛ-wɛ.
- ɛyʋ eposi ɛ-tɩ nɛ mba Eeboolaa kpa-wɛ yɔ. Pɩkɩlɩ ɖeu se ɛyʋ ɛtaayɛlɩ yem se ewoki ɖɔkɔtɔnaa taa. Pʋwɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ se ɖɔkɔtɔnaa ɛtɩlɩ camɩyɛ ɛzɩma mbʋ pʋwɛɛ se pɔcɔna mba Eeboolaa kpawa yɔ pɔ-yɔɔ yɔ. Pɩkɩlɩɣ ɖeu se pɛkɛzɩɣ mba Eeboolaa kpawa yɔ kɩjaʋ nɛ patɩlɩ ɛzɩma mbʋ pɔcɔna pɔ-yɔɔ yɔ ɖeu. Pʋwɛɛ se pɔsɔ mba pasɩbɩna Eeboolaa yɔ miŋ kʋsɔbʋ. Pʋwɛɛ se ɖɔk;potɔnaa esuu mbʋ payaɣ se "filtre à air" yɔ pʋcɔ pɔcɔna mba Eeboolaa kpawa yɔ pɔ-yɔɔ.
- ɖɔkɔtɔnaa ehoyisi miŋ n̄ɩɣtʋ ndʋ pakpakɩɣ se palana tʋmɩyɛ yɔ tɩtɩŋa.
Pɩnaɣ 2000 taa Eerɔɔpʋ tɛtʋ ha waɖɛ kɩ-tɛ ɖɔkɔtɔnaa se patazɩ nɛ pana kʋdɔŋ piye Eeboolaa kɛ mbʋ yɔ. Ɖɔkɔtɔ kuduyuu ŋgʋ kɩ-tɛɛ palakɩ n̄ɩnʋʋ tʋmɩyɛ yɔ, kɩ-tɛɛ pʋwɛɛ se patazɩ nɛ pana mbʋ Eeboolaa kɛwa yɔ. Lyon egeetiye taa, Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa ɖɔkɔtɔ kuduyuu ŋgʋ payaɣ se "laboratoire P4 Jean Mérieux" yɔ, kɩ-tɛɛ palaba Eeboolaa yɔɔ tʋmɩyɛ.
Pɩnaɣ 2012 taa Ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se "NIH" yɔ, ɖɩwɛ Etazuunii ɛjaɖɛ taa; ɖɩpaɣzɩ cɛlʋʋ liidiye "Albert Einstein College of Medicine" ɖɔkɔtɔ se kɩn̄ɩnɩ nɛ kɩna mbʋ pʋwɛ Eeboolaa taa kpem yɔ nɛ ɛzɩma mbʋ kʋdɔŋ piye nɖɩ ɖɩcɔʋ kpɩnɛ calɩm taa yɔ.


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Mɩndʋ
N̄ɩnɩyaa cɔlɔ lɛ, ɛsɔtaa mɩndʊ kɛna mbʊ ɛyʊ naɣ nɛ ɛ-ɛsa pe yɔ. Pɩkɛna ɖoluu tɩyɛ yaa ɛzɩ ɖɔm pe sɔsɔna kpeeliɣ na nɛ pɩwɛɛ ɛsɔtaa nɛ pɩcɔʊ keteŋga nɛ pɩtaŋ.Ɛsɔtaa mɩndʊ tɛ hʊlʊnzɩ yaa wɛtʊ lɩɣna wɩsɩ nzɩ sɩwɛɛ yɔ yaa hɔɔlʊ ŋgʊ kɩtaa tɩwɛɛ yɔ. nabʊyʊ taa lɛ pɩlɩɣna tɩtɛ posiɣ nɛ tɛtʊ yaa ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ mbʊ nɛ mbʊ pɩwɛ tɩtaa yɔ.
Ɖolu ŋgʊ kɩwɛ Ɛsɔtaa mɩndʊ taa yɔ, kɩlɩna lɩm pɛ wena awɛ ɛsɔtaa mɩndʊ ndʊ tɩtaa yɔ. Lɩm pɛ ana, ana ayɔlɩɣna nɛ piniidiɣ keteŋga yɔɔ ɛzɩ ɖolu tɩyɛ yɔ. Lɩm feveku ŋgʊ kɩpɩzɩɣ nɛ kɩwɛ ɛsɔtaa mɩndʊ taa yɔ, kɩtɛ ɖɔʊ lɩɣna wɩsɩ feveku ŋgʊ kɩwɛ yɔ kɩ-cɔlɔ: Soŋgaɣ ɛwɛɛ, ɛsɔtaa mɩndu pɩsɩɣ tɩwɛna feveku pɩɖɔɔ sɩŋŋŋ ɖɔɖɔ.

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Ɛyʊtʊ wɛtʊ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ
Ɛyʊtʊ wɛtʊ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ (humanisme) labʊ lɩna filozɔfʊ waa naanza nabɛyɛ cɔlɔ. Mbaa yɔ : ɖajaa Marsile Ficin nɛ ɖajaa Cristoforo Landono nɛ ɖajaa Ange Politien nɛ ɖajaa Démétrios Chalcondyle.
Ɛyʊtʊ wɛtʊ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ kɛ anasaayɩnaa tɛ tɛtʊ taa sɔnzɩ pɩlɩʊ nakʊyʊ. Ɛlɛ, Itaalii ɛjaɖɛ taa ɖeyi ɖeyi pacalɩ labʊ ɛyʊtʊ wɛtʊ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ. Palaba lɩmaɣzɩyɛ nɖɩɩ Italii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ ndʊ payaɣ se Toscane yɔ tɩ-taa. Toovenum lɛ, ɖooo alɩwaatʊ ndʊ payaɣ se Renɛɛsansɩ (Renaissance) yɔ Toscane tɛtʊ paɣzɩ ɖɛʊ nɛ ɛsɩndaa pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ. Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɛyaa sɔnzɩ nɛ Krɛsɩ nɛ Room pɛ-ajɛya taa ñɩma sɔnzɩ lɩ ɖama siŋŋ. Ɛyaa mba palaba sukuli nɛ pɛɖɛɛna ɛsɩndaa, pʊt-tɔbʊʊ se pɛ-ɛza kuli pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa yɔ, paasɔɔlɩ tɩlʊʊ siŋŋ hɔɔlɩŋ tɩŋa taa ; kɔzɩ kɔzɩ ɛyʊtʊ wɛtʊ tɩlʊʊ.
Pɔtɔma se ɛyʊ wɛna tɩlɩtʊ siŋŋ pɩfɛyɩ kamaɣ. Pɔyɔɔda se ɛyʊ tɩlɩtʊ pɩzɩɣ piyele nɛ ɛ-lakasɩ yaa ɛ-wɛtʊ wɛɛ camɩyɛ pɩŋŋ. Se ɛyʊ pɩzɩɣ ɛtɩŋna ɛ-tɩlɩtʊ yɔɔ nɛ ɛla tʊma kɩbana nɛ kedeŋa ɖɛɛna ɛsɩndaa pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ. Kajalaɣ ɛyaa mɛ-ɛza kulaa waa mba, paasɔɔlɩ kpem se mbʊ pasɩma yaa patɩlaa yɔ, pamɩzɩ-tʊ yaa pɛtɛyɩ-tʊ nɛ ɛyaa lalaa kedeŋa kpeekpe yɔɔ. Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ nʊmɔʊ taa ɛyaa mba pɔtɔŋ se pʊwɛɛ se pɩtaakazɩ nɔɔyʊ kedeŋa kanɛ kɔ-yɔɔ se patatana-ɩ Ɛsɔtɔm. Se paa ɛyʊ ɛɛkɛ le tʊ yaa paa kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ ɛyɔɔdʊʊ kɔyɔ, pʊwɛɛ se patana-ɩ Ɛsɔtɔm. Pʊ-nʊmɔʊ taa Sɔsɔ weyi payaɣ se Lefèvre yɔ ɛlʊba siŋŋ nɛ ɛɖɛzɩ Ɛsɔtɔm takayaɣ nɛ fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa. Toovenum lɛ, Ebree ñɩma kʊnʊŋ taa paamana Ɛsɔtɔm. Pɩnaɣ 1523 ñɩŋga taa Sɔsɔ Lefèvre ɛnʊ ɛɖɛzɩ Ɛsɔtɔm ndʊ nɛ fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa.
Ɛsɔtɔm ɛtalɩ paa weyi kedeŋa yɔɔ cɩnɛ nʊmɔʊ taa ñɩnɩyaa sɔsaa mɛ-ɛzakulaa waa ɖɔŋ lʊbʊ se pɛɖɛzɩɣ-tʊ nɛ kʊnʊmɩŋ kpeekpe taa. Ɛyʊtʊ wɛtʊ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ piliŋa lʊkɩ siŋŋ se kedeŋa ñɩm ɛtalɩ paa le. Pɔtɔŋ se yee pɛkpɛlɩkɩ ɛyʊ camɩyɛ kɔyɔ, pɩhaɣ-ɩ waɖɛ nɛ ɛwɛɛ ɛ-tɩ yɔɔ kaalɛyɩtʊ. Pʊbʊ ɛtɩlɩɣ mbʊ ɛlakɩ yɔ, nɔɔyʊ ɛɛkpaɣ lɛlʊ nɛ ɖoŋ kɩkpaʊ se ɛla ɛ-tʊmɩyɛ nɖɩ pʊmʊna-ɩ se ɛla yɔ. Ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, ɛlɩzɩɣ Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ mʊnɔʊ ŋgʊ ɛsɔɔlaa yɔ kaalɛyɩtʊ. Ɛyʊtʊ wɛtʊ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ piliŋa ñɩnɩ se paa weyi ɛwɛɛ tɩ-yɔɔ nɛ ɛla ɛ-tʊmɩyɛ kaalɛyɩtʊ. Piliŋa ŋga kalʊkɩ ɖɔɖɔ se kpeyuu ɛwɛɛ ɛyaa hɛkʊ taa.


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Ndɩ ndɩ ñʊŋ
Ndɩ ndɩ ñʊŋ Tʊzʊʊ hɔɔlʊʊ, palaba ndɩ ndɩ ñʊŋ ɛzɩ siŋ ñʊŋ walanzɩ kpeekpe, ɛlɛ sɩ-taa peeɖe wɛɛ mayaɣ kikpeɣa nakayɛ payaa-kɛ se i ɛzɩ pamaʊ i2 = −1. Ɛsɔtaa mayaɣ kikotaɣ ŋga pokota-kɛ nɛ i yɔ wɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ pamaʊ ɖɔɖɔ −1 : (−i)2 = −1. Papɩzɩɣ pama ndɩ ndɩ ñʊŋ kpeekpe se a + i b peeɖe lɛ a nɛ b pɛkɛʊ ñʊŋ siŋ siŋ. Tʊzʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ pa nɛ yɔ lɩzɩna ndɩ ndɩ ñʊŋ Jérôme Cardan, Raphaël Bombelli, Nicolo Fontana, dit Tartaglia, nɛ Ludovico Ferrari pɛkɛ Itaalii ɛjaɖɛ tɩnaa kpaɣɖʊ 15.
Pɩkpaɣ nɛ kpaɣɖʊ 19 wɛɛ taa pɩtɩŋna cɔjɔ layʊ Buée nɛ Jean-Robert Argand pɔ-ɖoŋ taa, nɛ pɩtasɩna Gauss nɛ Cauchy pa-tʊma yɔɔ kɛ siŋ lɩzʊʊ ndɩ ndɩ ñʊŋ tʊma kpa ɖoŋ.
Pɩ-tɛ matʊ ndʊ keekee taa lɛ pɩkɛ ñʊŋ kalʊʊ kpabɩtʊ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ nɖɩ lɛɣtʊ tʊmɩyɛ tʊ William Rowan Hamilton kaalaba yɔ ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1826 yɔ, kɛlɛ ɛtana-tʊ Irɩlandɩ tɔmɩŋ lɩzɩyaa ɛsɩndaa pɩnaɣ 1833, nɛ esusi-ʊ pɩnaɣ 1835. Carl Friedrich Gauss ɖɔɖɔ ñala tɩ-yɔɔ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ ɛna kʊyʊmtʊ ndʊ pɩnaɣ 1831 kɛlɛ ɛlɛ ñosusi ɛ-ñɩndʊ ndʊ pɩnaɣ 1837. Euler ɖɔɖɔ pɛcɛlɩɣ matʊ tʊ nɛ yɔ i kɛ √-1 pɩnaɣ 1777.
Papaza tʊmɩyɛ labɩnaʊ nɛ ñʊŋ ɛnʊ tomnasɩ ɖɔnɛ nɔmɔʊ taa lɛ ɖooo kpaɣɖʊ 19 alɩwaatʊ taa kɛ Augustin Fresnel tʊma taa pɩnaɣ 1823. Laatiki miŋ hɔɔlʊʊ taa lɛ, Arthur Edwin Kennelly, kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 1893, nɛ ɛwɩlɩɣ ɛzɩma papɩzɩɣ pekpeɣli Ohm waa paɣtʊ yɔ. Kɛlɛ Carl Friedrich Gauss yyebina nɛ tɔmpiye nɖɩ ɖɩtɔyɩ ɛyaa cɔlɔ.


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Monakoo
Monakoo kɛna Erɔpʊ ilemiye nɛ wɩsɩ ɖʊɖʊyɛ taa tɛtʊ natʊyʊ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩwɛna Mediteraanee Teŋgu kʊ-cɔlɔ nɛ Azuurii kidiiliŋ yɔɔ. Monakoo nɛ pɔɔ ŋga payaɣ-kɛ se nisi yɔ puposaa ɛzɩ kilomɛtanaa nɛɛlɛe yɔ nɛ kilomɛtanaa 8,1 nɛ Mantonii. Ɛjɛya lɛɛna wena acɔ Monakoo nɛ ata yɔ: Fransɩɩ tɛtʊ cikpetu ndʊ payaɣ-tʊ se Kap dɛlɩ yɔ, Bosɔlɛyɩ nɛ Turkii. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩwɛ teŋgu nakʊyʊ nɔɔ.
Pamaza Mopnakoo ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ ɛzɩ 2,02 km2 nɛ ɖenɖe lɩm wɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe takɩlɩ ɖɔʊ. Kɔlaɣ fenaɣ 8 wiye pɩnaɣ 1297 kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩmʊ ɖɩ-tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊ ɛlɛ kamɩŋ fenaɣ kagbaanzɩ wiye pɩnaɣ 1524 ŋga ka-taa kɛ pɔtɔkɩ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊ kazandʊ.
Payaɣ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖiwiyau kɩfalʊ se Albert II nɛ ɛ-tɛ komina yɔɔ cɔnayʊ se Serge Telle. Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, ŋgʊ lɛ fransɩ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Monakoo nɛ ndʊ tɩkɩlɩna walanzɩ ɖɔɖɔ.
Pɩnaɣ 2017 taa pakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-taa lɛ pana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 37 550 yɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa yee pakalɩɣ ɛyaa km2 taa kɔyɔ, panaɣ-wɛ ɛzɩ 18 654 yɔ. Yee ɛyʊ ɛsɔɔlaa se ɛyaa nɔɔyʊ kɛ kaŋgalafu yɔɔ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa kɔyɔ, pɩkɛna-ɩ kɩjɛyʊʊ se ɛma +377 ɛ-tɛ kaŋgalafu kpata yɔɔ pʊcɔ ŋɛ ɛɛma pɩtɛ ɛyʊʊ kaŋgalafu nimaɣ mayaɣ.


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Nɛyɔdɩmɩ
Nɛyɔdɩmɩ kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 60 nɛ yʊsaɣ ñɩŋa yɔ Nd. Pʊtʊ ɛnʊ ɛwɛ liidiye ñɩɣlɩm kpʊzɩyɛɛ nɛ ɛ-tɛ nɛ kɛtɛɖasɩ tɛtʊ naa taa. Ɛ-nɛ lantanɩ waa pɛ-tɛ ɖoli kʊyʊm. Ɛjaɖɛ taa soŋgaɣ taa lɛ, ɛwɛ tɛyɩŋ, papɩzɩɣ pɔhɔmɩ-ɩ nɛ ɛlazɩɣ mʊʊ kalɩkɔdaɣ helim taa.
Ɛ-hɩɖɛ lɩna krɛkɩ kʊnʊŋ taa se veός (neós) nɛ δίδuuoς (dídymos) pʊ-tɔbʊʊ paa tɔmpiye nɖɩ lɛ se kɩfalʊʊ nɛ ɖomaa yaa agbaba. Ɖooo pitihiɣ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkɩyaa kaamaza se prɛsɩyɔdɩmɩ nɛ nɛyɔdɩmɩ tɛ ɔkɩsɩzɛnɩ lɩm kpɛndʊʊ kaakɛ pɩyʊ yem kaakaa pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩ pɩnaɣ 1886, alɩwaatʊ ndʊ Carl Auer von Welsbach pɩza nɛ ɛtɛyɩ-wɛ.
Pana nɛyɔdɩmɩ Vienne tɛtʊ taa pɩtɩŋna Carl Auer von Welsbach yɔɔ, ɛkɛ Otrisi ɛjaɖɛ taa kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ tʊ pɩnaɣ 1886 alɩwaatʊ taa. Ɛtɛyɩ nɛyɔdɩmɩ alɩwaatʊ kʊyʊmtʊ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ prɛsɛyɔdɩmɩ nɛ tɩtɩmɩ pɩtɩŋna amɔnɩyakɩ nɛ tɩtɩmɩ ñɩmɩŋ lɩm tɛ ɖɔmbɩyɛ pɩsʊʊ kɩmaŋ faɣʊʊ yɔɔ nɛ pɩtɩŋna ɖɔɖɔ mʊntʊsɩŋ weliŋ takɩɣ nɛ naʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ cɔlɔ. Hɩɖɛ nɛyɔdɩmɩ lɩna krɛkɩ kʊnʊŋ taa mbʊ se neos (vέoς), nɛ pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se kɩfalʊ, nɛ didymos (διδύuoς), pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se ɖomaa.
Pʊtʊ ɛnʊ ɛbɛɛ ɛwazɩɣ, ɛkɛ kɔyɛ ɖɔkɔtɔ naa tɛ, nɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ pʊtʊ naa lɛlaa kɛtɛɖaɣ tɛtʊ naa taa yɔ nɛ ɖɔɖɔ tɔrɩyɔm yɔ, palakɩ-yɛ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ ɖɔkɔtɔ naa kɔɔ tɛ kɔzɩ kɔzɩ halʊ kʊdɔmɩŋ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pɩnzɩ 1920 ŋtalɩ 1930. Palakɩ-ɩ nɛ miŋ cɛsɩyasɩ. Pataɣ-ɩ añɩɣlɩŋ yɔɔ. Pepisina-ɩ añɩɣlɩŋ weyi pɔcɔŋna nɛ wɩsɩ taa yɔ nɛ ɖɔɖɔ ñɩɣtʊ tanɖaa ɛsɛñɩɣlɩŋ. Pata-ɩ cʊʊ ñanzɩ yɔɔ.


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Netrɔɔ
Mbʋ payaɣ se netrɔɔ yɔ, pɩkɩlɩ kɔzʋʋ mbʋ payaɣ se atoom yɔ. Ŋgʋ, atoom ñɛwɛ kpaakpaa ñɩɩɩ. Paapɩzɩɣ pana atoom waa nɛ ɛza pe anɛ, ɛlɛ, anasaayɩ ɛzañɩnɩŋ nɩɩyɛ taa pɔcɔŋna nɛ papɩzɩ pana atoom waa.
Kpɛɖɛ elɛkɩtriki waa wɛna netrɔɔ waa taa. Atoom waa pet aa netrɔɔ waa wɛɛ. Netrɔɔ waa nɛ mbʋ payaɣ se protɔɔ waa yɔ, patamsɩna ɖama atoom waa taa. Ɖoŋ sɔsɔŋ nɩɩyɛ tamsɩna netrɔɔ waa nɛ protɔɔ waa ḿba atoom waa taa.
Protɔɔ waa ɖɔʋ ɖɔʋ mbʋʋ atoom piye taa yɔ, yekina se piye ńɖɩ, ɖɩkɛ kpɛlɩkpɛlɛkʋʋ wonuu. Piyele netrɔɔ waa ñʋʋ ñalakɩna nɛ atoom piye kɛ mbʋ payaɣ se izotɔpʋ yɔ. Netrɔɔ waa mba patamsɩna ɖama atoom piye taa yɔ, paatuu lone, ɛlɛ, netrɔɔ waa mba paba tatamsɩna ɖama yɔ, paba tuu nɛ pɛkɛɣ lona.
Netrɔɔ waa mba patatamsɩna ɖama atoom piye taa yɔ, piileɖiɣ nɛ pamʋʋ. Mbʋ payaɣ se nikiliyɛɛrɩ waa atoom taa yɔ, mba yɔlʋʋna nɛ pɩpɩzɩɣ netrɔɔ waa mba patatamsɩna ɖama yɔ.
Mbʋ payaɣ se quark up nɛ quarks down yɔ, mba wɛna netrɔɔ waa taa. Quark up kʋɖʋm wɛna netrɔɔ taa nɛ piyele quarks down waa ñɛwɛ naalɛ.


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N̄ɩɣlɩm Ɛsɔ Kuduyuu (Temple d'Or)
N̄ɩɣlɩm Ɛsɔ Kuduyuu kɛna matʋ ndʋ tɩfɛyɩ yɔ tɩmatʋ kɛ Harmandir Sahib. Pʋtɔbʋʋ tobi kɛlɛ size «Ɛsɔ Kuduyuu hɩɖɛ sɛwa yaa hɩɖɛ kʋya». N̄ɩɣlɩm Ɛsɔ Kuduyuu ŋgʋ, kɩkɛ Sikhs nɩma kaɖɛ kuduyuu. Kuduyuu kʋnɛ, kɩwɛna Amritsar tɛtʋ hɛkʋ taa kiŋ kɛ Pɛnjab ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ, ɖɩɖɩ wɛna nɛ Ɛɛndɩ nɛ hayuu kiŋ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʋyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ taa kiŋ.
Pɩcɔ nɛ payaɣ hɩɖɛ ɖɩnɛ size, N̄ɩɣlɩm Ɛsɔ Kuduyuu lɛ, pɔjɔna ɛzɩ ɛnʋ ɛzɩ, pata kuduyuu kʋnɛ kɩtɩŋgɛ payɩ kɛ sika sɛmɩŋ tɔlɩm nɛ puhuzi katɩŋgɛ payɩ kɔyɔɔ yɔ. Pɩcɔ nɛ paɣtʋ lɩʋ yaa lɩmaɣza lɩʋ size pama n̄ɩɣlɩm Ɛsɔ kuduyuu kʋnɛ yɔ lɛ,ɖajaa sɔsɔ Gurû Arjan ka-hana nɔɔ yaa nʋmɔʋ nɛ matʋ tʋnɛ tɩpaɣzɩ pɩnaɣ 1601 tɛ alɩwaatʋ taa.
Sɔsɔ ɛnɛ ɛkɛ kɛna Sikhwaa tɛ ciyam yaa kalaza tɔm wɩlɩyʋ kagbanzɩ n̄ɩnʋ.
N̄ɩɣlɩm Ɛsɔ Kuduyuu ŋgʋ kɩ-tɛɛ peeɖe kɛ padaɣ kɔɔnɔɔ tʋ ɖajaa sɔsɔ Gurû Nanak wokaɣ nɛ ɛ-tɩmʋʋ yaa ɛ-lakɩ ɛ-kɩlaŋ a-tɩma. Ɖɩnɩ size N̄ɩɣlɩm Ɛsɔ Kuduyuu kʋnɛ, Afganistani ɛjaɖɛ taa mba tʋlaɣ youu kɩ-tɛ peɖe kɛ pɩnaɣ 1757 alɩwaatʋ taa. Alɩwaatʋ ndʋ tɩ-taa pɔyɔka kʋ naŋga naŋga. Ɛlɛ paɖanɩ kʋ maʋʋ pɩnzɩ nutozo wayɩ.


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Pɩrazaviili
Pɩrazaviili kɛŋna Kɔŋgo ɛjaɖɛ taatɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa politiki nɛ komina tʊma sʊsɔna wɛɛ yɔ. Pɩrazaviili kaakɛŋna Fransɩɩ ŋgʊ kɩɩwɛ kɩ-tɩyɔɔ yɔ kɩ-tɛ tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ Kɔŋgo ɛjaɖɛ taa ɖooo alɩwaatʊ ndʊ keteŋa kpeekpe you naalɛ ŋgʊ kaalɩwa yɔ, ɛlɛ pɩɩkɛna pɩnzɩ 1940 nɛ 1942 taa. Pɩrazaviili tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩwɛ Koŋgo ɛjaɖɛ nɛ ɖɩ-hadɛ kiŋ ɛlɛ pɩwɛ Koŋgo Pɔɔ cɔlɔ kpam; Kɩnsasa tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ ɛsɩndaa.
Tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ tʊnɛ tɩñɔ aloma fenaɣ naatozo wiye pɩnaɣ 1880 kɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ payawaɣ se Nkuna yɔ tɩ-loniye taa. Hɩɖɛ ɖɩlɩna ñɩnɩyʊ nɛ ɛsɩyɛ egbena-tʊ weyi ɛkɛ Itali ɛjaɖɛ taa ɛyʊ nɛ ɛlakɩ tʊmɩyɛ kɛ Fransɩɩ hɩɖɛ taaa yɔ nɛ payaɣ se Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza yɔ. Pɩrazaviili tɛtʊ taa pɩnaɣ 2007 taa pakalɩ ɛyaa payɩ lɛ paakpɛnda ɛyaa 1 373 382. Ɛlɛ pɩnaɣ 2015 ɖeɖe taa patasa ɛyaa mba kalɩɣ lɛ, palɩ ɛyaa 1 696 392.
Pɩrazaviili tɛtʊ taa kʊnɔŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlʊ yɔɔdʊʊ yɔ ŋgʊ lɛ Lari ɛlɛ pɛtɛkɛ ŋgʊ pakpaɣ se komina tʊma taa nɛ sukulinaa taa kʊnʊŋ. Mbʊ pɩlaba sɩŋŋŋ yɔ lɛ se ɖooo pɩnzɩ 1880 taa kɛ aseɣla tɩnaa nabɛyɩ nɛ kpaɣ pɔɖɔkɩ hɩɖɛ nɖɩ payawaɣ nɛ Pɩrazaviili yɔ. Pɩɩkɛna kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ payaɣ-kʊ se Teke yɔ kɩ-taa se Ŋkʊna ŋgʊ Lari taa lɛ pɩtɛkɛ mbʊ payaɣ; paba ñayaɣ se Mavula. Pʊyɔɔ yɔ kɛ pakpaɣ Teke se kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlɩɣ yɔɔdʊ yɔ. Komina tʊma taa nɛ sukulinaa taa kʊnʊmɩŋ kɔyɔ: faransɩ, kituba, liŋgala nɛ teke. Payaɣ Pɩrazaviili tɛtʊ yɔɔ cɔnɩyʊ se Benoît Moundélé-Ngolo.


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Kooreyɛ kʊnʊŋ
Kooreyɛ kʊnʊŋ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ kooree ejaɖɛ taa, nɛ Siini kamaɣ yɔɔ ageetaa ndɩ ndɩ taa ɛzɩ Yanbian taa mbʊ yɔ nɛ Aŋgbaa wena a-da ɛyaa kʊya nɛ pɛlɛzɩ tɛtʊ yɔ, kɔzɩ kɔzɩ Japɔŋ nɛ Siini (Pékin nɛ Shandong) nɛ Ruusii nɛ Ositraalii nɛ Etaazuunii nɛ Fransɩɩ nɛ kɩ-kɛ kʊnʊŋ sɔsɔʊ kɛ Koree nɛ Hayʊ kiŋ nɛ Kooree nɛ Hadɛ Kiŋ taa.
Kooreyɛ kʊnʊŋ tɛ cɔlʊʊtʊ wɛ ndɔncɔlɩyɛ. Kʊnʊmɩŋ yɔɔ ñɩnɩyaa sakɩyɛ maɣzɩ se kɩ-kɛ kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ kʊwɛ kɩyeke koŋ kɩfɛyɩna kɩlɩʊ nakʊyʊ ɛjaɖɛ yɔɔ cɩna, lalaa tɔŋ se kɩlɩna altaïque cejewaa agbelaa taa. Papɩza pehɩʊ palɩzɩ se kɩ-nɛ Japɔnɩɩ kʊnʊŋ pɛwɛna wɛtʊ kʊyʊmʊtʊ natʊyʊ.
Hangeul masɩ pamana kooreyɛ kʊnʊŋ , ɖɔɖɔ Hanja waa masɩ wɛ kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ kʊ-tɔmpee taa. Hɔɔlʊʊ sɔsɔʊ nakʊyʊ tɔmpee lɩna ̀Sɩnɩyɔɔ kʊnʊŋ taa.


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Kañɩmpusuu tɛtʋ (Désert)
Wezuu caɣʋ caɣ kaɖɛ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ kañɩmpusuu ɛjaɖɛ taa. Mbʋ yɔ, ɛyʋ ɛɛpɩzɩɣ ɛhayɩ kañɩmpusuu ɛjaɖɛ taa. Tɛtʋ fɛyɩ mʋzʋŋ, tɔɔnaɣ nakɛyɩ ɛɛpɩzɩ kala. Tɛʋ ɛɛnɩɣ, tɩŋ ɛɛpɩzɩɣ ɛñɔ, awayɩ kpɩna ɛɛpɩzɩɣ acaɣ ɖɔɖɔ wezuu kañɩmpusuu ɛjaɖɛ taa. Sumaɣ nakɛyɛ ɛɛpɩsɩɣ kacaɣ wezuu kañɩmpusuu ɛjaɖɛ taa. Tɛtɛ ñɩɣyʋʋ nakʋyʋ ɛɛpɩzɩɣ kɩcaɣ wezuu kañɩmpusuu ɛjaɖɛ taa. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se kañɩmpusuu tɛtʋ kɛ kedeŋa yɔɔ cɩnɛ hɔɔlʋʋ ŋgʋ Ɛsɔ wɩla-kʋ kpalʋʋ yɔ, mbʋ pʋyʋ ɛɛpɩzɩɣ pɩcaɣ wezuu tɛtʋ ndʋ tɩ-taa.
Kañɩmpusuu ɛjaɖɛ taa, tɩŋ fɛyɩ, ñɩtʋ fɛyɩ, awyɩ kpɩna fɛyɩ, tɛtɛ ñɩɣyʋʋ nakʋyʋ fɛyɩ. Kañɩmpusuu ɛjaɖɛ wɛ ndaakpeɖe ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ palʋlʋʋ ɛyʋ ndaakpeɖe yɔ.
Kañɩmpusuu hɔɔlɩŋ nɩɩyɛ wɛɛ nɛ payaɣ hɔɔlɩŋ ɛnʋ se niikaɣ kañɩmpusuu hɔɔlɩŋ. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se, hɔɔlɩŋ ɛnʋ ɛ-taa lɛ, tɛʋ nɩɣ nabʋyʋ nabɩyʋ.
Yee pɛtɛyɩ kedeŋa kpeekpe hɔɔlɩŋ naadozo kɔyɔ, hɔɔlʋʋ kʋɖʋmʋʋ mpilim kɛ kañɩmpusuu tɛtʋ. Kañɩmpusuu hɔɔlɩŋ ɛnʋ ɛ-taa lɛ, hɔɔlɩŋ lɛɛŋ taa, tɛʋ nɩʋ nabʋyʋ nabɩyʋ. Kañɩmpusuu hɔɔlɩŋ taa, hɔɔlɩŋ weyi ɛ-taa tɛʋ nɩɣ nabʋyʋ nabʋyʋ yɔ payaɣ se niikaɣ kañɩmpusuu hɔɔlɩŋ.
Papɩzɩɣ pɛtɛyɩ kañɩmpusuu tɛtʋ hɔɔlɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ. Kañɩmpusuu tɛtʋ ndʋ tɩ-taa tɛʋ nɩɣ nabɩyʋ nabɩyʋ yɔ kɩwɛɛ. Kañɩmpusuu tɛtʋ ndʋ tʋtʋ taa wɛɛ hakuu yɔ, tɩwɛɛ. Kañɩmpusuu tɛtʋ natʋyʋ ñɛwɛɛ lɛ, ɛyaa timna tɩŋ nɛ tɛtʋ ndʋ tɩpɩsɩ kañɩmpusuu ɛjaɖɛ.
Yee mbʋ, ɛyʋ wɛna ɖoŋ se ɛla nɛ kañɩmpusuu tɛtʋ pɩsɩ tɛtʋ kɩbandʋ ndʋ tɩ-ɛyʋ pɩzɩɣ ɛcaɣ wezuu yɔ. Tɩŋ sɔʋ ɖeke koŋ pɩzɩɣna piyele nɛ kañɩmpusuu tɛtʋ pɩsɩ tɛtʋ wezuu ñɩndʋ. Tɩŋ sɔʋ wɛ wazaɣ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ. Tɩŋ yekina nɛ heelim fɛtɩɣ camɩyɛ nɛ ɛyʋ pɩzɩ ɛcaɣ wezuu. Heelim mbʋ pikpeɣlɩɣna mɩndʋ nɛ tʋtʋ taa lakɩ hakuu nɛ piyeki nɛ tɛʋ nɩɣ. Ɖɩsɔ tɩŋ nɛ ɖɩpɩzɩ ɖɩcaɣ wezuu.


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Malawii
Malawii kɛna Afrika nɛ haɖɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩwɛ Moozambiiki, Sambii nɛ Tanzanii pɛ-hɛkʊ taa.
Ɖooo lɛ, Pɔrɩtigaalɩ mba kaakɛna anasayɩwaa mba paalɛɣ wobu peeɖe yɔ. Pɩɩkɛna alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa pɛpɛdaɣ yomaa yɔ, nɛ cɔɔcɩ ŋgʊ payaɣ se presipiteri yɔ kɩtʊlɩ ɛsɔ sɛtʊ kpaamɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ se pɩhʊʊ ɛlɛ pɩɩsaŋ.
Pɔritigalɩ wayɩ lɛ Piritaaniki mba kpacayaɣna ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ. Pʊkɔma pɩtalɩ pɩnaɣ 1962 lɛ kɩmʊ kɩ-tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊ. Banda kɛ komina ñʊʊtʊ kɔlaɣ fenaɣ kacalaɣ wiye pɩnaɣ 1963 ɛlɛ Piritaaniki mba cɔŋnana liidiye nɛ tɔsʊʊ yɔɔ, sɔɔjanaa nɛ ɖiu ɖiu caɣʊ yɔɔ pɩtasɩna tɔm hʊʊ ɖeɖe. Pɩtalɩɣ hasɩ yaɖɛ fenaɣ looɖo pɩnaɣ 1964 kɛ Malawii mʊ kɩ-tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊ sɩŋŋŋ.
Ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa ɖiu ɖiu caɣʊ kɔma nɛ pɩwɛɛ lɛ, paɖʊ paɣtʊ se pɩnzɩ nanza wayɩ kɛ palɛzʊ ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊtʊ. Pɩnaɣ 2004 paɖʊza takayasɩ lɛ palɩzɩ Bingu wa Mutharika se ɛkɛna peeɖe ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊtʊ. Pɩkɔma pɩtasɩ ɖʊzʊʊ pɩnaɣ 2009 ɛlɛ patasɩ-ɩ lɩzɩɣ ɖɔɖɔ.
Ɛsɩba ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ naalɛ pɩnaɣ 2012 nɛ ɛ-tɛɛ tʊ weyi payaɣ se Joyce Banda. Peter Mutharika yɔ ɛlɛɣzɩ-ɩ. Pɩkɔma paɖʊzɩ takayasɩ ɛlɛ Bingu wa Mutharika ɖalʊ kpaɣ kpelaɣ agoza fenaɣ 31 pɩnaɣ 2014.


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Lɩŋgamʊʊ (Barrage)
Lɩŋgamʋʋ kɛna matʋ ndʋ tɩsɩʋna nɛ paɖʋ lɩm hɛkʋ yɔ. Pʋtɔbʋʋ size lɩŋgamʋʋ kɛna matʋ sɔsɔtʋ ndʋ pamaɣ tʋ nɛ tɩɖɛɛ tɩcɔɔ lɩm nɛ pɩta ɛzɩ koloŋga yɔ. Pɩkɛ matʋ sɔsɔtʋ tʋmɩyɛ nɖɩ pama-ɖɩ nɛ pɩɖɛɛ pɩcɔɔ yaa pɩtɩŋgʋʋna lɩm ɖikpenɖe hɔɔlʋʋ taa kiŋ yaa lɩm ɖɔnɛ hɔɔlʋʋ taa yɔ. Pama pʋcɔɔ pɩta nɛ lɩm n̄ɛwɛ hɛkʋ taa.
Pamaɣ lɩŋgamʋʋ size pɩsɩna nɛ pehuu lɩm lone yaa lɩm ɖɩcaɣyɛ nɛ pɩwazɩ nɛ palabɩna pʋ nɛ tʋmɩyɛ. Pɩpɩzʋʋ pɩkɛna lɩm kɩbam mbʋ pɩkɛ kɩn̄ɔn̄ɔm yɔ. Pamaɣ pɩtɛ matʋ sɔsɔtʋ ndʋ lɛ, pɩla size lɩm ɖɩkɔnɛ kiɖe lone pan̄ɩna mbɩ yɔ. Pɩkɛʋna lone nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa lɩm kaa calɩnaʋ lɩʋ paa ɛzɩmta. Lone nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa lɩm kaa mɩzɩnaʋ paa ɖoye.
Lɩŋgamʋʋ kɛna ɖɔɖɔ hɛkʋ ŋgʋ kɩ-taa papɩzʋʋ pala tʋma ndɩ ndɩ yɔ. Pʋtɔbʋʋ size, lɩŋgamʋʋ kɛna payaʋ nɛ fransɩ kʋnʋŋ taa size "industrie" yɔ tʋmɩyɛ lone. Lɩŋgamʋʋ wazʋʋ ɖɔɖɔ siŋŋ kɛ lɩm hoɖe tɛ nazɩyʋ yaa lɩm nazɩyʋ tʋmɩyɛ labʋ hɔɔlʋʋ taa ɛzɩ payaʋ nɛ fransɩ kʋnʋŋ taa size "hydroélectricité" yɔ. Pɩtɛ miŋ n̄andʋna paa ɖɩya ŋga lɛ ahoda yaa ɖoo taa kɛ alɩwaatʋ ndʋ wɩsɩ n̄eɖiŋ yɔ.
Lɩm koloŋga sɔsaɣ kɩmamaɣ kanɛ, ka-taa lɩm wazʋʋ siŋŋ nɛ pɔɖɔɔ pɩ-taa kpakpasɩ yaa peɖizi kpakpasɩ. Tobii yem lɛ, pɔɖɔʋ pɩ-tɛ lim taa tɛtɛ wondu yaa tɛtɛ kpɩna wena asɔɔla lɩm taa caʋʋ yɔ. Lɩŋgamʋʋ taa peeɖe pɔn̄ɔɔzʋʋ lɩm kɩpam yaa kʋn̄ɔn̄ɔm kɩlabɩnam kɩfam. Pɩkɛ lɩm mbʋ, pɩwazʋʋ nɛ palabɩna paa ɛbɛ pʋ-tʋ.
Kedeŋa yaa ɛjaɖɛ yɔɔ cɩnɛɛ lɛ, lɩŋgamɩŋ nɩyɩ wɛɛ nɛ paya-ɩ size Castors tɛ lɩŋgamɩŋ. Lɩm tɛɛ tʋmɩyɛ labʋnaʋ lɩŋgamʋʋ yaa lɩm tɛɛ sʋzʋʋ lɩŋgamʋʋ kɛ paya yaa pɛcɛla hɩla ndɩ ndɩ nayɛ. Hɩla ana yɔ : Pɔɔ kideŋ yaa lɩm kideŋ (chaussée), nɛ nɔnɔɔ kiɖe (seuil) ɖɔɖɔ yaa lɩm kamanaʋ yaa lɩm koloŋga (digue).
Lɩm koloŋga yaa kɩ-kamanaʋ hɩɖɛ ɖɩnɛ kɛ sakɩyɛ cɛlʋʋ size paya lɩŋgamʋʋ alɩwaatʋ ndʋ pacaɣ size pɔn̄ɔzɩ yaa paɖaɣnɩ mɛlɛ waa ɖɔnɛ taa yaa nʋmɔʋ taalɛ. Lɩŋgamɩŋ matʋ taa lɛ, sakɩyɛ wɛkʋʋ nɛ ɛtɛŋ ɖɔɖɔ ɛn̄ɔzʋʋ ageeta yaa ajɛɛ pɩlɩɩna ɛkʋkʋyɩmɩŋ ɛtɛ ɖoŋ hɔɔlʋʋ taa.


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YouTube
YouTube kɛ mbʋ payaɣ se ɛntɛrɩnɛtɩ yɔ, pɩ-hayɩm tɛ wilaʋ nakʋyʋ. Kɩkɛ « site web » nakʋyʋ. Ɛntɛrɩnɛtɩ hayɩm taa wilaʋ ŋ́gʋ kɩ-taa wɛ fideyonaa ndɩ ndɩ. Ɛyaa mba palakɩ tʋmɩyɛ nɛ YouTube yɔ, pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se ɛyaa mba pasʋʋ wilaʋ ŋgʋ kɩ-taa yɔ, papɩzɩɣ petiyini ɖama pe-fideyonaa ndɩ ndɩ.
Papɩzɩɣ ɖɔɖɔ pala ndɔnjɔɔlɩyɛ naɖɩyɛ fideyinaa mba petiyiɣni ɖama yɔ pɔ-yɔɔ. Lɛlaɣ fenaɣ taa, pɩnaɣ 2005 ñɩŋa taa pama YouTube kpou. Ɖajanaa panɛ : Steve Chen nɛ Chad Hurley nɛ Jawed Karim pamana-kʋ. Ɛyaa naadozo panɛ, paakɛ PayPal pɩlɩʋ taa tʋmlaɖaa kɩbɩma nabɛyɛ.
Aloma fenaɣ taa pɩnaɣ 2006 ñɩŋa taa Google yaba PayPal pɩlɩʋ. Liidiye dollars waa 1,65 miiliyarɩ kɛ Google hɛyaa nɛ kɩtɩɣyɩ PayPal pɩlɩʋ. San Bruno tɛtʋ taa PayPal pɩlɩʋ taa tʋmɩyɛ wɛɛ. San Bruno tɛtʋ kɛ Californie ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʋ natʋyʋ.
Pɩnaɣ 2009 taa pɔcɔnaa nɛ pana lɛ, ɛyaa ɛzɩ miiliyɔɔ waa 350 mbʋ yɔ sʋʋ YouTube pɩlɩʋ taa paa fenaɣ ŋga ka-taa. Aloma fenaɣ kɩyakʋ nɛɛlɛ nɛ lutozo ñɩŋʋ (28) wiye, pɩnaɣ 2010 taa, pɔcɔnaa lɛ, ɛyaa mba patamsɩ pa-kpasɩ nɛ YouTube pɩlɩʋ yɔ, patalɩ ɛyaa miiliyarɩ.
Saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ pɩnaɣ 2016 taa pɔcɔnaa lɛ, kpasɩ nzɩ sɩtamsɩnɩ sɩ-tɩ nɛ YouTube pɩlɩʋ yɔ, sɩ-taa payɩ lɛ, PewDiePie kpayaɣ yɔɔ ɛyaa kɩlɩna ɖɔʋ. Salaŋ fenaɣ taa pɩnaɣ 2016 taa, pɔcɔnaa pana lɛ, ɛyaa ɛzɩ miiliyɔɔ waa nɩɩnɩwa (50) yɔ nɛ pɩɖɛɛ pʋ-yɔɔ wɛ PewDiePie kpayaɣ yɔɔ. YouTube pɩlɩʋ taa fideyonaa tɩŋa taa payɩ lɛ, Ɖajaa Wiz nɛ Ɖajaa Charlie Puth pɛ-tɛ fideyoo ŋgʋ payaɣ se See You Again (pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se 'Pɩlabɩ tasɩ' kabɩyɛ taa) yɔ ɛyaa kɩlɩɣ cɔnaʋ.
Pɩnaɣ 2015 taa palɩzɩ See You Again tɛ fideyoo nɛ ɛyaa miiliyarɩ waa 2,9 nɛ pɩɖɛɛ pʋ-yɔɔ cɔŋna fideyoo ŋ́gʋ. Lɛlaɣ fenaɣ, pɩnaɣ 2017 taa YouTube kaɖa kpayɩ se ɛyaa miiliyarɩ cɔŋna fideyinaa paa evemiye nɖɩ.


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Maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ
Maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ (Krɛsɩ kɩbɩnʊʊ kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ, psukhê, kalɩzaɣ, nɛ logos, tɔmʊʊ) pɩkɛ maɣzɩm laɣsɩ kpɛlɛkɩtʊ, wɛtʊ naa nɛ feteenim ɖɔnɛ. Maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ kɛ lɔnsɩɖɛ tɩlɩyɛ yaa ñʊʊ taa kpaʊ tʊmɩyɛ wɛtʊ, lɩmaɣza, ɛyʊ wɛtʊ naa, nɛ ɛzɩma ɛyʊ maɣzʊʊ, nɛ ɛzɩma ɛyʊ nɩɣʊ, nɛ ɛ-laɣkasɩ mbʊ piyeki nɛ patɩlɩɣ ɛyʊ yɔ yaa samaɣ nakɛyɛ yɔ. Maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkʊʊ kɛ tʊmɩyɛ piliŋga ŋga kɛwɛ ɛyʊ yɔɔ lɛɣtʊ tɔm pɩlʊʊ taa. Pɛtɛyɩ maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ hɔɔlɩŋ sakɩyɛ nɛ lɩmaɣza nɛ ñɩnɩɣ nɔmɔŋ wɛɛ ndɩ ndɩ kpaɖɩɣ yɔɔ kpaɖɩɣ yɔɔ, maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ labɩtʊ ɖɔ sakɩyɛ ɖɔɖɔ.
Tɔmɩŋ ɖɩlɩyɛ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ lɛ, maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɔmpiye lɩna Latɛŋ kʊnʊŋ taa psychologia, tɔmpiye ɖɩ maɣmaɣ pama-ɖɩ nɛ krɛkɩ kɩbɩnɩɣ kʊnʊŋ taa ψuxή (psukhē ñʊʊ taa kpaʊ ciyam, kalɩzaɣ) nɛ -λoYίa (-logia, lɛɣtʊ, kpɛlɛkɩtʊ, ñɩnɩɣʊ) pɩtɩŋna croate ɛyʊ yɔɔ tɩlɩyʊ sɔsɔ Marko Marulić (pɩnaɣ 1450 ŋtalɩ 1524 alɩwaatʊ).
Paa ɛzɩmta lɛ, tɔmpiye nɖɩ tovonum lɛ, ɖɩtɔyɩ pɩɣyɩyaa tɛ lɛɣzɩtʊ ɛyaa tɛ Caama ɛjaɖɛ taa, pɩtɩŋna Philippe Melanchthon takayasɩ maʊ yɔɔ weyi ɛɖaɣnɩ kpaʊ tɔmʊʊ ŋgʊ ɛ-tɛ Ɛsɔ tɔm takayasɩ taa yɔ nɛ ɛ-tɛ ndɔnjɔɔlɩyɛ pɩlɩna Aristote ɛyʊ yɔɔ maɣzɩm tɔm taa. Tɔmpiye nɖɩ ɖɩnaɣ ɖɩ-tɩ pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩ kaɖɛ yɔɔdasɩ.
Pasɩŋ maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ pilinzi ndɩ ndɩ pɩlɩna laɣsɩ nzɩ pakpaɣ nɛ palakɩna tʊmɩyɛ nɖɩ yɔ (ɖɔkɔtɔ mɛwɛ mantɩ yɔɔ yaa takʊʊ piŋ), yaa pʊtɔma yɔ ɛyʊ tʊmɩyɛ labʊ cɔlɔ (tʊmɩyɛ, lɛɣtʊ, natʊ yaa losuu, kpɛlɛkɩtʊ, camɩyɛ ɖɔkʊʊ, wɛtʊ ɛyaa nabɛyɛ taa com). Nabʊyʊ lɛ, pʊtɔma maɣzɩm tɩlʊʊ, kpaaŋ kʊdɔmɩŋ kpɛlɛkʊʊ, ɛyaa tɛ maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkʊʊ, pɩɣa maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkʊʊ nɛ paɣlaka, maɣzɩm ajɔɔla tʊmɩyɛ ɖɔnɛ yɔɔ laɣsɩ, kpɩna maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkʊʊ.


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Ɖom
Ɖom, pɩkɛ pɩyʊ mbʊ pʊkɔŋa pɩ-tɩ yɔ nɛ pɩkɛ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɛyʊ ɛɛtasɩɣ ɛ-lɩmaɣza naʊʊ yɔ (kɛlɛ pɔtɔtɔ se ɛɛnɩɣ) nɛ ɛjaɖɛ yɔɔ mbʊ pɩlakɩ yɔ, nɛ pɩkɛ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ ɛyʊ hola hɛzʊʊ ɖɔɖɔ pazɩ yɔ. Ɖom tɩtɩŋga wɛ ndɩ nɛ yee ɛyʊ ɛwɛ ɖɔkɔtɔ tɛ tʊmɩyɛ ɖɩlaɖɛ kuduyuu tɛɛ pɔsɔkɩ-ɩ ñɩmɩyɛ nɛ edou mbʊ yɔ, ɖom pʊpʊ lɛ paa ŋyaɣ ɛɛnɩɣ, ŋtukuna-ɩ pusuma, ɛɛyɔɔdʊʊ nɛ ɛɛcidiɣ.
Halaa nabayɛ ɛɛdou camɩyɛ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ pɛwɛʊ pa-fenasɩ taa yɔ (paaɖou kpem ɛzɩ abalaa yɔ) nɛ pa-taa peɖee lɛ pɩkɔzɩna halaa mba patasɩɣ fenaɣ labʊ yɔ, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se pakpadɩyaa. Pɩwɛɛ mbʊ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ ɛyaa sʊtɩyaa yaa akpadɩyaa eedou pɩtalɩɣ evepiyaa.
Platon ñalɩzɩɣ tɔbʊʊ se kɛ fezuu lambu mʊyʊ. Ɖɔɖɔ ɛyʊ yɔɔ maɣzɩm tʊmɩyɛ tʊ Théophraste kaatɛma maʊʊ takayaɣ nakayɛ paya-kɛ se ɖom nɛ ɖoziye (krɛkɩ kɩbɩnʊʊ kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ Πepὶ ὕπvou kaὶ ἐvuπvίwv ɖooo kpaɣɖʊ 3 pʊcɔ palʊlɩ Yeesuu Krɩstʊ, keɣa maɖʊ ɛlɛ latɛŋ tʊ Virgile ɛ-takayaɣ Énéide kɛtɩna kajalaɣ nabʊyʊ, se patɩlɩ se ɖom wɛna hɔɔlɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ nɛ pɩɩwɛ ɖooo lɔŋ. Kɛlɛ pɔkɔɔ polu anasaayɩ ñɩyʊʊ nakʊyʊ kpaɣɖʊ 20 wɛɛ taa ŋgʊ yebina nɛ patɩlɩ ɖom wɛtʊ. Pɩkɔma pɩnaɣ 1937 lɛ hola tɛ maɣzɩm tʊmɩyɛ tʊ Alfred Lee Loomis ɖʊ tʊkaɣ hɔɔlɩŋ nɩnza weyi ɖom wɛna yɔ, ɛnʊ yɔ pɩtɩŋna anasaayɩ ñɩyʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-yɔɔ, A nɛ B pɩkɛ ɖomɖomuu nɛ C ñɛkɛ ɖom ŋñɩɩ nɛ D nɛ E kɔyɔ ɖom sɔsɔm.
Ñɩnɩyaa ñɔtɔŋ se pɩyʊ nɔɔyʊ fɛyɩ ɛjaɖɛ nɛ pɩ-ɛsɛ nɛ pʊtʊ ɛnʊ eeɖou kɛlɛ tɛtɛ kpɩna naayɛ ɛzɩ pɔɔ taa sumasi nɛ sumasi nzɩ sɩyɛlʊʊ kadatayaɣ yɔ tɛ lɛ pɩɩlakɩ mbʊ sɩ-sɩ eeɖou kpem. Ɛyaa nabayɛ pɛkɛ ñɩnɩyaa Californi sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ taa kɛ Los Angeles pɔ-nɔɔ yɔɔ ɖɛyʊ kɔyɔwɩlɩyʊ sɔsɔ Jerry Siegel, ñapɩzɩ nɛ ɛna se fenaɣ ŋga nɛ pʊcɔ sumasi nzɩ sɩɖʊ lɛ, halɩ ñɩnzɩ eeɖou sakɩyɛ pa nɛ pe-piyaa mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ pɩsaŋ nɛ panaɣ pɔ-tɔyaa nɛ peseɣu.


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Bob Dylan
Palʊla Bob Dylan kɛ agoza fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 24 wiye pɩnaɣ 1941 Minezotaa tɛtʊ taa, Etazuunii taa. Ɛ-hɩɖɛ siŋŋŋ kɔyɔ Robert Allen Zimmerman. E-hendu tewu hɩɖɛ yɔ Bob Dylan. Ɛwɛna hɩla kɩsɛsɛna ndɩ ndɩ nɛ a-taa kɔyɔ: Elston Gunnn, Blind Boy Grunt, Zimbo, Zimmy, Lucky Wilbury, Boo Wilbury, Elmer Johnson, Sergei Petrov, Jack Frost, Jack Fate, Willow Scarlet, Bob Landy, Robert Milkwood Thomas nɛ Tedham Porterhouse.
Ɛ-tʊma ɖɔ yem sakɩyɛ nɛ a-taa kɔyɔ: ɛkɛ kpalahʊwa lʊyʊ, wendu luɖu yaa tɩ-mayʊ, ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ tɔm ɖɛzɩyʊ yaa nɔɔyʊ yɔɔ aseɣɖe tɔm heyiyu, soo maɖʊ, kɛgɛdaɣ tɛ mayʊ yaa lɩzɩytʊ tʊmɩyɛ laɖʊ nɛ keɣsi maɖʊ. Bob Dylan kɛna Amerika tʊ. Pɩnzɩ 1960 taa kɛ ɛkɩla labʊ ɛ-tʊma sɔsɔna labʊ. Ete hendu natʊyʊ ɛzɩ hendu lɛɛtʊyʊ yɔ, tɩhɛzɩ ɛyaa laŋga pazɩ nɛ peyele you ŋgʊ poyowaɣ Fɩyɛtɩnaam taa nɛ ñamñam lakasɩ sakɩyɛ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa yɔ.


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Nɩhɔnɩyɔm
Nɩhɔnɩyɔm (yʊsaɣ mayaɣ kɔyɔ Nh) kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 113 yɔ. IUPAC tɛ ɖeyi ɖeyi yatʊ taa lɛ ɛ nɛ ʊnʊntrɩyɔm (Uut) palɩ ɖama, kɛlɛ patasɩ-ɩ yaʊ se pʊtʊ 113 matʊ paɣtʊ taa. Palaba-ɩ kajalaɣ ɖeɖe hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ taa pɩnaɣ 2004 pɩtɩŋna pɛkpɛnda ɛ nɛ 209Bi(70Zn,n)278Nh kɛ RIKEN, pɩñɔtɩna Tokyo.
IUPAC ñɩɣ nesi ɛ-natʊ tɔm RIKEN saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ taa pɩnaɣ 2015, nɛ paha-ɩ ɛ-hɩɖɛ kpaagbaa nɖɛ kamɩŋ fenaɣ pɩnaɣ 2016 ɛlɛ pɛkɛdɩna Japɔŋ ɛjaɖɛ, peeɖe paana-ɩ kajalaɣ ɖeɖe keekee. Pɩɩkɛ pʊtʊ Mendeleïv kaayɔɔda ɛ-tɔm, kɛlɛ ɛlɛ ñaaya-ɩ se eka-talɩyɔm. Kiɖe tɛɛ nɩɣ taa lɛ, krɛkɩ nɛ latɛŋ kʊnʊmɩŋ taa lɛ, pama ɛ-hɩɖɛ nɛ tɔmpee naatozo, ana yɔ kʊyʊm-kʊyʊm-naatozo nɛ pɔsɔzɩ kɩzɔzʊʊ ɛsɩnda kɛ ɩyɔm ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ pʊtʊnaa kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊnaa lalaa yɔ.
Lɛlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ kajalaɣ ŋgʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 2004, pehiɣ nɩhɔnɩyɔm nɛ mɔsɩkɔvɩyɔm pɩtɩŋna Russe lɛɣtʊ tɩnaa nabayɛ ŋgbɛyɛ yɔɔ (palɩna pɩdaa pee yɔɔ ñɩnɩɣ ŋgbɛyɛ kɩkpɛndɩyɛ, JINR) nɛ Amerika ɛjaɖɛ Lawrence Livermore LLNL takɩɣ nɛ wiluu tʊmɩyɛ taa. UICPA ñɩɣ nesi natʊ tɔm ndʊ tɩyɔɔ saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 30 pɩnaɣ 2015.
Pɩkɔma salaŋ fenaɣ pɩnaɣ 2012 lɛ, Japɔŋ ŋgbɛyɛ naɖɩyɛ (Wakō, Saitama egeetiye pɩñɔtɩna Tokyo) susuu se palaba 113 tɛ ŋñɩɩ kɔtɩɩ waa naatozo, ɛlɛ pɩkpaɣ-wɛ alɩwaatʊ ɛzɩ kɩyakɩŋ mɩnɩŋ kagbanzɩ nɛ nɩnɩwa nɛ naatozo mbʊ yɔ, pɔyɔkaɣ bɩmʊtɩ hɔɔlʊʊ nakʊyʊ pɩtɩŋna zɩnkɩ tɛ ŋñɩɩ kɔtɩɩ waa yɔɔ.UICPA ñɩɣ nesi RIKEN ŋgbɛyɛ natʊ tɔm saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ 30 pɩnaɣ 2015. Japɔŋ ŋgbɛyɛ yana hɩla, nɛ pʊwɛ ɛzɩ pɛkɛdɩnaa, kɛlɛ payaa se japɔnɩyɔm (Jp).


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François Hollande
François Hollande kɛ Fransɩ tʋ. Palʋla-ɩ kɩyɛɛna fenaɣ kɩyakʋ12 ñɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1954 ñɩŋga taa. Ruwaŋ tɛtʋ taa nɛ tɩwɛ lɩm pɔɔ ŋga payaɣ se Sɛɛnɩ yɔ kɔ-cɔlɔ kpam Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa. François Hollande hɩɖɛ kɩsɛzɛɛ kɔyɔ Gérard Georges Nicolae. Ɛlakɩ tʋmɩyɛ Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ kewiyaɣ taa.
Ɛɛkɛ Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa kewiyaɣ ñʊʊtʊ nɛ pɔtɔ caca se palɩzɩ pɛ-ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊtʊ ɛnʊ pɔñɔya nɛ palɩzɩ-ɩ kpaɣna agoza fenaɣ 15 pɩnaɣ 2012 nɛ agoza fenaɣ 1 pɩnaɣ 2017 lɛ, ɛ-tɛ alɩwaatʊ tɛ. François Hollande lɛɣzɩna Nicolas Sarkozy. Ɛwayɩ yɔ Emmanuel Macron ñakpaɣa. François Hollande kɛkɛ Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa tɔm hʋyʋʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ.
François Hollande tʋlɩ Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa politiki ŋgbɛyɛ naɖɩyɛ. Ɛɛkɛna ɖɩ-takayaɣ taa mayʋ kɩpɩnʊ. Payaɣ ɛ-tɛ politiki ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ se samaɣ ñɩm lɩmaɣzɩyɛ yɔɔ kandɩyʋʋ. Pɩɩkɛ pɩnzɩ 1997 nɛ 2008 ñɩnzɩ taa. François Hallande kɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ Tuli kooka ñʋʋdʋ, kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 2001 nɛ pɩkɔɔ pɩsɩɩna pɩnaɣ 2008 ñɩŋga taa.
Ɛɛkɛ Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa paɣtʋ lɩzɩyaa taa tʋ nɔɔyʊ. Ɛɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ koɖɛzɩ kooka yɔɔ cɩnɩyaa tɛ lɔŋ pasɩyʋ kɔɔnɔɔ tʋ. Nicolas Sarkozy, weyi ɛɛkɛ Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ n̄ʋʋdʋ kɩbɩnʋ yɔ, ɛnʋʋ François Hollande lɛɣzɩ kpelaɣ yɔɔ agoza fenaɣ kɩyakʋ hiu nɛ naalɛ (12) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 2012 n̄ɩŋga taa.


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Charles de Foucauld
Palʊla Charles Eugène de Foucauld de Pontbriand kɛ salaŋ fenaɣ 1858 kɛ fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa kɛ ɖoŋiye nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ se Strasbourg yɔ nɛ ɛsɩ saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ kacalaɣ wiye pɩnaɣ 1916 kɛ Alizeerii ɛjaɖɛ taa ɖenɖe payaɣ se Sahara Kañɩnbʊsaɣ yɔ.
Ɛɛkɛna Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa sɔɔja sɔsɔ nɔɔyʊ nɛ pɩwayɩ lɛ eyele sɔɔjɛtʊ ndʊ nɛ ɛpɩsɩ keteŋa yɔ kilimiyʊ yem nɛ ɛnɩnɩɣ keteŋa yɔɔ ndʊ tɩlakɩ lakɩntaa yaa tɛtʊ yɔɔ yɔ. Pɩtasɩɩna mbʊ yeke; ɛɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɛsɔ sɛyʊ weyi ɛkaza ɛ-tɩ kɩjaʊ eyeke nɛ ɛtɩmʊ wɩsɩ nɛ ɖoo yɔ nɛ kʊnʊmɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ ñɩnɩyʊ.
Ɛsɩba saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ kacalaɣ wiye pɩnaɣ 1916 kɛ Alizeerii ɛjaɖɛ taa ɖenɖe payaɣ se Sahara yɔ nɛ kamɩŋ fenaɣ 13 pɩnaɣ 2005 kɛ Papa kpa-ɩ kiɖeɖeu. Mbʊ pasɩŋna-ɩ nɛ ɛ-kɩlɛmʊʊ yɔ lɛ toko yuulee ŋgʊ esuu yɔ nɛ toko ŋgʊ pɛñɛyɩ kɩ-yɔɔ kɛ Yesu laŋɩyɛ kiɖeɖeu kɛ kɩ-laŋgɩyɛ taa; ɛtaŋ e-toko ŋgʊ kɩtɩnaɣ taa kɛ tɔnɛ tambaɖɛ nɛ ɖɩ-yɔɔ nɛ Maria kiɖeɖeu lɩyʊʊ.
Pɩnaɣ 1886 taa, Charles woba Pari tɛtʊ taa nɛ ɛla kuduyuu nakʊyʊ kɛ haya. Kuduyuu ŋgʊ kɛwɛ ɛ-ɖɛtʊ Maria Bondy ɖɩɣa cɔlɔ spam. Ɛsɔɔla takayasɩ ndɩ ndɩ kalɩɣ nɛ koraŋɖɔɖɔ. Ɛwɛ peeɖe mbʊ lɛ, ɛ-ɖɛtʊ ɛnʊ ɛha-ɩ Bossuet takayaɣ nakayɩ. Ka-taa kɛ ɛkalaa nɛ e-wezu caɣ lɛɛzɩ nɛ eyele yɛɖɛ yɛɖɛ labʊ. Ɛwɛʊ Maarɔkɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa yɔ, e-wezuu caɣ lɛɣza, mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ ɛcɔna ɛzɩma makɩŋ kpakɩɣ pa-tɩ nɛ pɛcɛlɩɣ Ala nɛ wɩsɩ nɛ ɖoo pɛwɛ ciŋgilinaa taa yɔ, pɩlaba-ɩ tʊmɩyɛ. Pɩɩkɔma alɩwaatʊ natʊyʊ lɛ, e-tisim wɛɛ nɛ pitiki nɛ pitiki.
Ɛlɛ e-ɖɛtʊ Maria wɛɛ nɛ ɛcɛyʊ se ɛɖɔkɩ kpam. Mbʊ pɩlaba ɖɔɖɔ. Pɩkɔma lɛ ɛpaɣzɩ cɔɔcɩ wobu kɛ kpaaŋ nakʊyʊ taa, Augustin kiɖeɖeu taa, nɛ peeɖe lɛ, Abbé Huvelin lizaɣna mɩsa tɛ kilau. Aloma fenaɣ 30 pɩnaɣ 1886 lɛ, Foucauld ɖʊ ɛ-ñʊʊtaa se ɛkatɩ Huvelin. Pɩla mbʊ nɛ ɛna-ɩ pɔyɔɔtɩtʊ taa lɛ, Foucauld heyi-ɩ se ɛsɔɔla se ɛpɩsɩ ɛ-laŋniyɛ. Peeɖe ɛlɛ se pɩwɛ se eheyi ɛ-kɩwɛɛkɩm taa pʊcɔ. Ɛla mbʊ ɖɔɖɔ nɛ ɛmʊ Yesu tomnaɣ nɛ ɛ-calɩm. Kpaagba mbʊ lɛ e-tisu tɛzɩ ɖoŋ kpaʊ. Fenasɩ hiu nɛ litoozo wayɩ lɛ, ɛsɔɔlɩ se ɛsʊʊ fadanaa sukuli taa ɛlɛ ɛmaɣmaɣ se ɛtamʊna se elizi kɩlaʊ keleiizaɣ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ ɛkɛ kɩwɛɛkɩm laɖʊ.
Kɩyɛna fenaɣ 19 pɩnaɣ 1888 taa kɛ ewoba trappe cistercienne de Fontgombault nɛ peeɖe muwaaninaa fezu caɣʊ kɛtɩna-ɩ sɩŋŋŋ nɛ ɛhɔzɩ ɛ-sɔɔjatʊ wondu ɛsɩɩ nɛ ɛpɩsɩ ɛsɔ lɩm ɖʊyʊ. Pɩnaɣ ŋga kataa Henry Huvelin sɔzɩ-ɩ lɔŋ se ewolo kpalaʊ kiɖeɖeu ɖonɛ kɛ Rom nɛ ɛla fenasɩ 4. Ɛla mbʊ nɛ saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ 15 lɛ ɛtalɩ Yerusalɛm, ewolo Nazarɛtɩ kɔlaɣ fenaɣ 10 pɩnaɣ 1889. Pɩla mbʊ nɛ ɛwɛɛ ɛkalɩɣ takayasɩ kiɖeɖesi ɛzɩ Thérèse d-Avila ñɩnzɩ yɔ; sɩ-taa tɔm nɛ evaŋilimnaa tɛzɩna e-tisim kpazɩɣ ɖoŋ nɛ ɛkpaɣ lɩmazɩyɛ se ɛsʊ Trappe de Notre-Dame des Neiges.


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Purom
Purom kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 35, nɛ yʊsaɣ ñɩŋga yɔ Br. Ɛ-tɛ nɛ kɩlɔrɩ waa tɛ caɣyɛ taa. Ɛ-hɩɖɛ lɩna krɛkɩ kʊnʊŋ taa bromos (ɛlɩɣ sɔŋ), ɛwɛ mʊzʊŋ piŋ. Yee ɛjaɖɛ taa sɔŋaɣ nɛ ɛsɔkaɣ ɛwɛ camɩyɛ kɔyɔ, Purom tɔmnaɣ kɛ lɩm nɛ sɛmɩŋ wɛ ɛzɩ huluu yɔ nɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ lɛ ɛmatʊ kɔyɔ Br2. Carl Löwig nɛ Antoine-Jérôme Balard nana pʊtʊ ɛnʊ pɩnzɩ 1825 nɛ 1826 wɛɛ taa ɛlɛ paa weyi lɛ, ɛ-tɩ yɔɔ lɩmaɣza ɛlaba.
Purom kɛ pʊtʊ 62 tʊ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ taa kɛ tɛtʊ pɔɔɖɛ taa. Antoine-Jérôme Balard na Purom pɩnaɣ 1826 nɛ Carl Löwig ñatasɩ-ɩ naʊ pɩnaɣ 1825. Kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkɩyʊ Antoine-Jérôme Balard na Purom teŋgu lɩm taa. Efebupɩɣa Balard ɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 23 kaana sʊtʊ sɛmɩŋ alɩwaatʊ pɛkpɛndaɣ kɩlɔrɩ waa naalɛ yɔ.
Pʊwayɩ ɛzɩ Fransɩɩ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkɩyaa naatozo panɛyɔ Louis-Nicolas Vauquelin, Louis Jacques Thénard, nɛ Louis Joseph Gay-Lussac pɩza petisi Balard tɔm yɔɔ, mbʊ panaa yɔ powona patana-tʊ lɛɣtʊ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɔm cɔlɩyaa cɔlɔ nɛ posusi-tʊ yaa pama-tʊ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ nɛ tomnasɩ ɖɔnɛ kpɛlɛkʊʊ takaaysɩ taa. Tɩɖɩ suziye taa, M. Anglata pɔzɩtʊ nɔmɔʊ taa, Balard lɛɛzɩ Purom hɩɖɛ nɛ krɛkɩ kʊnʊŋ taa se Bpwuoς (bromos) nɛ pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se sɔŋ tʊ.
Palakɩ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ Purom cɩɖɩ cɩɖɩ lɩm ɖɩyayɛ taa. Kɩlɛmɩŋ kpaʊ tʊma taa, pawana-ɩ ɖɔɖɔ nɛ kʊdɔŋ kʊtɔlʊʊ ɛlɛ ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1857 alɩwaatʊ taa papaza tʊmɩyɛ nɖɩ. Palaba tʊmɩyɛ nɛ Purom wonuu nakʊyʊ nɛ pɛhɛzɩna yaa pakʊna kʊzʊʊ lɩmaɣza ɖenɖe sɔɔjanaa ñɩɣkɩɣ ɖama yaa paɖɩna tʊmɩyɛ labʊ yɔ.


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Kɔndɔtʋ
Ɛvalʋ tɛŋ ɛ-lʋɖɛ pɩnzɩ naadozo wayɩ lɛ, ɛkayɩ. Pɩnzɩ kagbaanzɩ wayɩ lɛ, ɛ-ñɩma ɖizi-i waaɣ. Ɖɩtɩlɩ ɖeu se ɛhɔzɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩfɛyɩ nɔɔyʋ se pʋdʋ ɛlabɩ-ɩ sɔnzɩ yɔ, ɖɩcɛyɩɣ ɖɩ-tɩ nɛ ɖɩla ɖɩ-tɩ sɔnzɩ ńzɩ. Kabɩyɛ taa pɩfɛyɩ ɖeu se ɛyʋ ɛcaɣ kɩtɔtɔɔzʋʋ.
Alɩwaatʋ ndʋ ɛyʋ ɖiɣ waaɣ yɔ, ɛpɩsɩ sɔsɔ. Ɛlɛ, pɩkaza-ɩ sɔnzɩ kpaakpaa ñɩnzɩ se ɛtɛ ɛ-sɔnzɩ tɩŋa. Sɔnzɩ nzɩ lɛ ñʋhʋmɩŋ. Ɛyʋ eɖiɣ waaɣ kɔyɔ, ɛpɩzɩɣ ɛla you. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se yee you nakʋyʋ etulaa yɔ, ɛpɩzɩɣ eyoo-kʋ. Kɔndɔ caɣ ɛzɔkpaa ɛzɩ e-ɖoŋ pɩzʋʋ yɔ. Toovenum lɛ, ɛzɔkpaa cakɩ kpɩtaʋ mpilim kɔndɔ tɛ. Ɛ-tɛ pɔtɔkɩ, ɛ-tɛ pɔñɔʋ. Ɛzɔkpaa sɛyɩɣna kɔndɔ lɩgbaɖɛ nɛ ɛ-kɔkɔɖʋʋ. Ɛzɔkpaa kɛna kɔndɔ yɔɔ kandɩyaa. Kɔndɔ eewoki ɖoli nɛ esuu toko, ɛɛyɔɔdʋʋ yem yem, ɛɛtɔkɩna awayɩ. Ɛlɛ, yee kɔndɔ nɔɔyʋ ɛfɛyɩ alaafɩya yɔ, paɣtʋ tʋnɛ ɛɛñaŋ-tʋ. Kɔndɔ nɔɔyʋ ɛɛsʋʋ kɔndɔ lɛlʋ tɛ yem nɛ etetiyi ɛ-ɛzɔkpaa se pasʋʋ nɛ pɔpɔzɩ nʋmɔʋ nɛ pʋcɔ pɔ-kɔndɔ sʋʋ. Yee kɔndɔ nɔɔyʋ ɛsʋ kɔndɔ lɛlʋ tɛ nɛ ɛtɔpɔzɩ-ɩ nʋmɔʋ nɛ pʋcɔ ɛsʋʋ kɔyɔ, ɛ́lɛ siki-i ɛgbayɛ ɛ-ɖɩɣa nɔnɔɔ taa. Alɩwaatʋ ndʋ pesiki-i ɛgbayɛ yɔ, ɛɛtasɩɣ pɩzʋʋ ɛlɩɩ nɛ ɛ-ɛzɩkpaa tama kɔndɔ weyi pasʋ ɛ-tɛ yɔ kubuka.
Pamakɩ kubuka ŋga se Yooboboyi! Youwoo! Kpou, tɔɔyʋʋ! Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se petendiɣ kɔndɔ weyi pasʋʋ ɛ-tɛ yɔ se ɛtaatɔɔ-wɛ. Toovenum lɛ, kɔndɔ kɛ kpou ɛtɛ ɛkɛ tɔɔyʋʋ. Peseɣ-i kamaɣ fɛyɩ. Kɔndɔ wɛna sɔmtʋ siŋ. Kɔndɔ ewoki ɖoli yɔ, eesuu toko, ɛɖɔkʋʋ cɔŋkɩyɛ, nɖɩɩ lɛ ɛ-malɩfa, ɛlɛɛ kɔkɔɖʋʋ e-nesi yɔɔ. Ɛlɛɛ lɩgbayaɣ e-liu tɛɛ. Kɔndɔ wondu lɛɛtʋ yɔ :
- ŋgbanɛ
- wɩnjanzɩ
- ɖooku
- celekaɣ
- ñɩɣñɩɣ tɔnɛ
- siziku
Wondu tʋnɛ tɩtɩŋa kɔndɔ sandɩɣ ɛ-yɔɔ nɛ ewolo kooka sʋsɔɔ taa nɛ ɛma ŋgbanɛ. Kpaŋgbamʋ hayɩsɩɣna ɛ-kɔndʋ, ɛnʋ kpɛlɛkɩɣna-ɩ ŋgbanɛ mabʋ ɖeu nɛ ɛ-kɔndʋ ɛtaacoɖi kookasɩ nzɩ pɔcɔʋ sɩ-taa payɩ yɔ sɩ-taa nakɛyɩ taa kɔzɩ kɔzɩ kɔndɔ poɖe yɔɔ. Toovenim lɛ, pɩkɛ fɛyɛ tɔm kpem se kɔndɔ nɔɔyʋ ecoɖi ŋgbanɛ mabʋ kɔndɔ poɖe yɔɔ.


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Mɔsɩkʊʊ
Mɔsɩkʊʊ kɛna Ruusii ɛjadɛ taa tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ nɛ ndʊ kɩlɩna walanzɩ ɖɔɖɔ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa nɛ Eerɔpʊ ajɛya kpeekpe taa. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩwɛ pɔɔ ŋga payaɣ-kɛ se Mɔsɩkoova yɔ kɔ-yɔɔ. Pʊyɔɔ kɛ pakpaɣ hɩɖɛ nɖɩ nɛ payaa tɛtʊ tʊnɛ se Mɔsɩkʊʊ, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa nɛ nikaɣ yɔ.
Mɔsɩkʊʊ tɛtʊ wɛ tɩ-tɩ yɔɔ ɛzɩ ɛjaɖɛ mpilim yɔ. Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa kɛ ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ kɛ Eerɔpʊ ajɛya kpeekpe taa. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-walanzɩ landammm taa wɛ ɛzɩ ɛkɩtaarɩnaa 251 100 yaa kilomɛtanaa 2 511. Pɩnaɣ 2014 pakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ lɛ ɛyaa mba panaa yɔ pɛɖɛ ɛzɩ miliyɔɔnaa hiu nɛ naalɛ yɔ (12 000 000) ɛlɛ yee pɛkpɛndɩna ageeta wena awɛ pɩcɔlɔ kpɛɛɛ yɔ kɔyɔ, ɛyaa ɛzɩ miliyɔɔnaa hiu nɛ kagbaanzɩ yɔ (15 000 000).
Ndʊ kɩlɩna walanzɩ ɖɔɖɔ nɛ tɩ-walanzɩ landammm taa wɛ ɛzɩ kilomɛtanaa kutoku yɔ (1 000). Peeɖe kɛ Ruusii tɔsʊʊ ñʊʊ wɛɛ, politiki kpelasɩ ɖɔɖɔ pɩna sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ wɛɛɖɔɖɔ. Ɛzɩ ajɛya lɛɛna taa tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ lɛɛtʊ yɔ, Mɔsikuu tɛtʊ nɛ ajɛyaa 36 naayɛ taa ñɩndʊ paɖʊ nɔɔ nɛ palakɩ tʊma kʊɖʊma se pɛ-tɛtʊ ɛɖɛɛna ɛsɩndaa.
Payaɣ Mɔsɩkʊʊ komina yɔɔ cɔnɩyʊ kɩfalʊ se Sergueï Sobianine.


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Fɛrmɩyɔm
Fɛrmɩyɔm kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 100 nɛ yʊsaɣ ñɩŋa yɔ Fm. Paya-ɩ hɩɖɛ nɖɩ se paɖʊ hɩɖɛ ɖa-caa Enrico Fermi, ɛlɛ ñaakɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkɩyʊ Itaalii ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛkɛ ñɩɣlɩm pʊtʊ kulubu weyi ɛtɔʊ cɛnzɩ sakɩyɛ yɔɔ, ɛ-tɛ nɛ akɩtɩnɩdɩ waa tɛ kiŋ. Palaba-ɩ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ panaza plʊtɔnɩyɔm nɛ nazɩyʊ sɩɣlɩyʊ fɛyɩ waa yɔ. Pʊtʊ ɛnʊ ŋñɩɩ yem papɩza palabɩ-ɩ. Piyebina nɛ patasɩmda ɛ-yɔɔ tɔm sakɩyɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ nɔmɔʊ taa.
Albert Ghiorso ŋgbɛyɛ na fɛrmɩyɔm lɛ pɩɩkɛ pɩnaɣ 1952. Pawɩlɩɣ keelee 255Fm kɛ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ kajalaɣ hɩdrɔzɛnɩ hɔzʊʊ kɩmɩzɩɣ tɛ pʊtʊnaa mba papɩsa pɔtɔlʊʊ yɔ pa-taa. Paalaba agbele ɛnʊ lɛ paatamsa-ɩ nɛ ʊranɩyɔm 238 nɛ nazɩyʊ sɩɣlɩyʊ fɛyɩ waa 17.


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Fiyoolɔnsɛɛlɩ
Fiyoolɔnsɛɛlɩ kɛna mʊsɩ labʊ wonu kɩmabʋʋ. Wonuu kʋnɛ yɔ, palaba-kʋ nɛ nima kɛnɛ. Nɛ nima anɛyɔ, añɔtɩna ɖama nɛ asɛyʋʋ na ɖama nɛ ɖaʊ nakʊyʊ lakɩna nɛ nima anɛyɔ añamasʋʋ nɛ wiluu nakʊyʊ lɩʊ. Ɖaʊ ŋgʊ, kɩ-yɔɔ wɛ ɛzɩ saɣ kela ñɩŋga yɔ. mʊsɩ labʊ wonu kɩmabʋʋ kʊnɛ kɩwɛ nimasi cɩmɩŋ hɔʊ taa. Hɔʋʋ ŋgʋ kɩ-taa ɖɔɖɔ kɛ mʊsɩ labʊ kɩmabʋtʊ tʊnɛ tɩwɛɛ: hayuu nɛ hadɛ ŋgʋ nɛ ŋgʋ ɖɔɖɔ kɩkɩla mbʊ paɣlʊ yɔ.
Fiyoolɔnsɛɛlɩ cakɩ kpelaɣ taa pɩcɔ nɛ ɛmapɩ-kʋ. Ɛkpɛkʊ-kʋ nɛ nɛ ɛ-tala nɛ pɩcɔ ɛpaazɩɣ-kʋ mabʋ. Mʊsɩ labʊ wonu kɩmabʋʋ kʊnɛ kɩwɛna liŋ litoozo nɛ ɩnʊʊ yɔ: Do Re Mi Fa Sol La Si Do. Fiyoolɔnsɛɛlɩ mʊsɩ labʊ wonu kɩmabʋʋ kʊnɛz kɩwɛna ɖɔɖɔ witu ɛzɩ hiu nɛ naalɛ yɔ.
Mʊsɩ labʊ wonu kɩmabʋʋ kɩwɛ ɖɔɖɔ mʊsɩ labʊ wondu kɩmabʋtʋ ndʊ tɩkɩlʊ wiu yɔ tɩ-taa. Kɩ-tɛɛ wilitu yaa tilitu kpaɣ pɩtalɩ ɛzɩ 65 Hz pɩsɩdina 1000 Hz yɔ yaa pɩpɩzɩɣ pɩtalɩ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ 2000 Hz kɛ mbʊ yɔ yee pɩpazaanɛ pɩha maɖʋ camɩyɛ kɔyɔ. Mʊsɩ labʊ wonu kɩmabʋʋ fiyoolɔnsɛɛlɩ kʊnɛ kɩlɩna n̄ɔtɩnaʋ wondu teyaa kpam. Tɛyʋʋ taa siŋŋ lɛ, fiyoolɔnsɛɛlɩ lakɩna ɖonɖoŋ kɛ fa liu.


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Fikitoriya Kujomuu
Fikitoriya kujomuu payaɣ ɖɔɖɔ se Niyanza yaa Ukerewe yaa Nalubaale Afrika kedeŋga taa kujomuu kɩ-kɩlʊʊ nɛ ñɩnʊʊ nɔmɔʊ taa lɛ, kɩ-kɛ naanza yaa naalɛ ŋgʊ kedeŋga tɩŋga taa pɩlɩna kɩ-walanzɩ yɔ kilomɛta waa 68100 kpɛɛ ko. Kɩcɛlɛ kɩ-hɩɖɛ Britanikii ɛjaɖɛ takɩyʊ Speke pɩnaɣ 1858 weyi ɛɛkɛ kajalaɣ ñɩnɩyʊ weyi ɛɛlɛɣ talʊʊ kujomuu ŋgʊ kɩ-ɖeɖe nɛ ɛha-kʊ hɩɖɛ se Abiɖe Fikitoriya tɛ ŋgʊ yɔ.
Kɩwɛ Afrika nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa ɛyaa sakɩyɛ hɛkʊ taa nɛ ɖɩnaɣ pada peeɖe Keniya ɛyaa nɛ hayi wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa kiŋ, Uganda ñɛwɛnɛ hayi nɛ hayi wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa nɛ Tanzani haɖɛ yɔ nɛ haɖɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa kiŋ. Fɛɛŋ nɩɩlɛ kɩ-kɩdeŋ cɔ-kʊ nɛ pɩta kitibu taa. Kɩkɛ Niili kʊ-hʊlʊmʊʊ ɖɩlɩyɛ n ŋgʊ kɩkɩlɩɣ ɖalʊʊ Niili pɔsɩ kɩkpɛdasɩ taa yɔ.
Fikitoriya wɛ Afrika nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʋyɛ taa lɩŋgamɩŋ hɛkʊ taa nɛ tɛtʊ kijeɣa tɛzɩna kʊ-yɔ nɛ hayi kiŋ. Kɩ-tɛ ajɛyɛ kpɛɛ ñɩna kɔyɔ Keniya ɛjaɖɛ nɛ hayi wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa nɛ Uganda hayi yɔ nɛ hayi yɔ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa nɛ Tanzaanii haɖɛ yɔ kiŋ. Kɩtɩkɩlɩ liŋguu pɩmana mɛta waa 40 pɩkɩla kɔyɔ mɛta waa 83.
Fikitoriya kujomuu paɣlɩ ɖalakɩŋ taa nɛ pɩmaɣna kilomɛta waa 320 nɛ hayi yɔ nɛ haɖɛ yɔ kiŋ taa nɛ walanzɩ kɛ kilomɛta waa 275 wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa. Kɩ-tɛ fɛɛʊ wɛna pɔsɩ kɩkpɛndasɩ sakɩyɛ sɩ-taa kɔyɔ Kagera ŋga kɩlɩna, kalɩna Tanzaanii ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ kɛkpɛndɩɣ kujomuu taa. Lɛɛsɩ lɩɣna Purundi nɛ Ruwanda nɛ Keniya.
Kujomuu ŋgʊ kɩ-tɛ kidemɩŋ pɩsa lonaa wena a-taa lʊʊlʊʊ taa ɛyaa ndɩ ndɩ katɩɣ ɖama, hɔɔlʊʊ lɛɛkʊ taa lɛ, ɖɩnaɣ Suudanɩ nɛ haɖɛ kiŋ ɛyaa (niilo-sahariyɛnɩ) Keniya nɛ hayi nɛ Uganda nɛ kɔzɩ kɔzɩ mba pɛwɛ kujomuu ŋgʊ nɛ hayi yɔ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa yɔ (Luo nɛ Kalenjin) nɛ hɔɔlɩŋ lɛɛŋ taa lɛ, Pantuu ɛyaa Afrika nɛ haɖɛ yɔ nɛ ntalɩ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa pa-kamaɣ yɔ (Ganda nɛ Sukuma nɛ Soga nɛ Luhya). Kujomuu pɔɔ nɔɔ yɔ caɣyaa yɔɔdʊʊ (Pantuu waa kʊnʊŋ) nɛ pɩtasɩna Ɛnglɩsɩ kʊnʊŋ ɛzɩ ɖama hɛkʊ taa kʊnʊmɩŋ. Ɛyaa mba patɩŋgɛ mbʊ yɔ pɛsɛɣ Ɛsɔ.


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Tɛkɩzasɩ
Tɛkɩzasɩ kɛna Etaazunii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ cikpetʊ natʊyʊ. Nɛ Etazuunii ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ ajɛya cikpena naayɛ nɩɩnɩwa kpɛndɩna nɛ aɖʊ nɔɔ nɛ awɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ taa kpaɩ. Etaazunii tɔbʊʊ nɛ kabɩyɛ taa se ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ. Tɛkɩzasɩ taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Ostɩŋ nɛ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ yɔ ndʊ lɛ Houston.
Tɛkɩzasɩ wɛna Etaazunii nɛ hadɛ kiŋ nɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɖɩ kɛŋna naalɛ ñɩnɖɛ walanzɩ taa (696 241 km2); kacalaɣ ñɩnɖɛ yɔ Alaskaa nɛ nɖɩ ɖɔɖɔ yɔ naalɛ nɖɛ ɛyaa ɖɔʊ taa Etaazunii taa nɛ kacalaɣ nɖɛ yɔ Kalɩfɔrnii.
Pamaza Tɛkɩzasɩ ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ taa lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ ɛzɩ 696 241 km2 nɛ ɖenɖe tɛtʊ ñabɩ wɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 678 907 km2 yɔ nɛ ɖenɖe lɩm ñɛwɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe ñɛwɛʊ ɛzɩ 17 333 km2 yɔ pʊtɔbʊʊ se pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 2,49 yɔ kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩkɛŋna 45 ñɩnɖɛ ɛyaa ɖɔʊ taa kɛ Etazuunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ kpeekpe taa.
Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɖɩ kɛŋna ɛjaɖɛ 28 ñɩnɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩsʊ Etaazunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊɣ ŋgbɛyɛ taa yɔ. Ɛlɛ pɩɩkɛ saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 29 ŋgʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 1845. Pɩnaɣ 2017 taa paakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ paana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 28 304 596 yɔ.
Payaɣ Tɛkɩzasɩ ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-ñʊʊdʊ se Greg Abbott (R) piyele nɛ komina ñʊndinaa kɔyɔ: John Cornyn (R) nɛ Ted Cruz (R). Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ ɩnʊ lɛ eŋgilisi nɛ ɛspañɔɔlɩ. Ɛlɛ siŋŋŋ taa lɛ, komina maɣmaɣ tatɩɩ hada nɔɔ camɩyɛ se aŋgilisi kɛŋna kɩ-kʊnʊŋ.


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Heelim
Heelim pɩkɛ pʋyʋ mbʋ pɩfɛtɩɣ kedeŋa yɔɔ nɛ pɩhaɣ ɛyʋ fezuu yɔ. Pɩkɛ mbʋ payaɣ se "gaazí" yɔ. Fefeku nakʋyʋ kɔŋnana heelim. Heelim yɔɔ patɩŋɩɣna nɛ palɩzɩɣ mbʋ pɩlakɩ payɩ yɔ pʋ-tɔbɩŋ. Mbʋ payaɣ se "dynamique des fluides " yɔ, pʋ-yɔɔ pɩtɩŋɩɣna nɛ heelim fɛtɩɣ.
Heelim wɛ ndɩ ndɩ. Nabʋyʋ fɛtɩɣ ɖoŋ, lɛɛbʋ n̄ɛfɛtɩ tɛmm. Pɩtɛkɛ pʋyʋ kʋɖʋm kɔŋnana heelim. Nabʋyʋ lɩɣna lɩm tɛɛ nɛ lɛɛbʋ n̄alɩɣna tɛtʋ yɔɔ. Papɩzɩ pamaɣzɩ heelim fɛtɩɣ ɖoŋ fɛtʋʋ mbʋ yɔ. Wonuu ŋgʋ payaɣ "anémomètre" yɔ, mbʋʋ pamaɣzɩna heelim fɛtɩɣ ɖoŋ fɛtʋ mbʋ yɔ. Ɛsɔmɩnʋʋ tɛɛ pʋdʋnaa mba pɛwɛɛ nɛ payaɣ-wɛ se "planètes" waa yɔ, pa-taa lɛ, Nɛptiini nɛ Satirini pɔ-yɔɔ kɛ heelim kɩlɩɣ fɛtɩɣ ɖoŋ.
Heelim yekina nɛ wondu ndɩ ndɩ pɩzɩɣ tɩcakɩ wezuu lɩm kamɩŋ tɛɛ nɛ pʋŋ sɔsɔŋ yɔɔ. Mbʋ lakɩna nɛ mbʋ payaɣ se "organiques" waa nɛ "minéraux" waa yɔ pamaɣ pɔɔ pɔɔ nɛ pɩpɩzɩɣ kaaŋ sɔsɔŋ. Heelim lakɩna nɛ tɛtɛn̄ɩtʋ cikpetu ndʋ tʋkʋyʋʋ fuɖuu fuɖuu yɔ tɩlɩɣzɩɣ lona. Mbʋ lakɩna ɖɔɖɔ ɖɔɖɔ nɛ sumasɩ ndɩ ndɩ kʋyʋʋ nɛ sɩlɩɣzɩɣ lona. Heelim yekina nɛ tɩŋ wɛɣna ɛ-wɛtʋ. Mbʋ lakɩna nɛ tɩŋ lɩɣ hɛtʋ nɛ ɛlʋlʋʋ e-pe ndɩ ndɩ.
Heelim wɛna wazaɣ siŋŋ kedeŋa tɔm taa. Pʋwɛ wazaɣ siŋŋ nʋmɔŋ wobu nʋmɔŋ taa. Halɩ pʋwɛ wazɣ ɖɔɖɔ yoŋ nʋmɔŋ taa. Heelim haɣ ɖoŋ nɩɩyɛ anɩsaayɩ n̄ɩɣtʋ natʋyʋ lubu nʋmɔŋ taa, ɖɩkpaɣ ɛzɩ mootinaa nabɛyɛ mbʋ yɔ, heelim lakɩna nɛ palakɩ tʋmɩyɛ. Heelim wɛ wazaɣ siŋŋ laatriki miŋ ɖʋʋ nʋmɔŋ taa. Halɩ pʋwɛ wazaɣ aleɣya ndɩ ndɩ nʋmɔŋ taa.
Heelim mbʋ pɩlɩɣna wɩsɩ cɔlɔ nɛ pɩfɛtɩɣ yɔ, payaɣ-pʋ se wɩsɩ tɛ heelim. Heelim mbʋ pʋpʋ lɩɣna ɛsɔmɩnʋʋ tɛɛ yem nɛ pɩofɛtɩɣ kedeŋa yɔɔ yɔ, payaɣ pʋpʋ se "vent planétaire".


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ÑƲƲ HIU NƐ NAKƲ
Ɛkandɩyɩ ɛ-hɔʋ yɔɔ, ɛcɔnɩ kɩ-yɔɔ nɛ ɛɖɔkɩ e-tisuu
1, 2. (a) Ɛbɛ kaɣ lɛɣzʋʋ Yosɛɛfʋ nɛ ɛ-hɔʋ pe-wezuu caɣʋ taa? (b) Tɔm kɩdɛkɛdɩtʋ ndʋ Yosɛɛfʋ nɩwa nɛ pɩwɛɛ se eheyi-tʋ ɛ-halʋ?
YOSƐƐFƲ kpaɣ kɛdɛzaɣ fɔlɔtɔ nɛ ɛtɩnɩ kpaŋaɣ yɔɔ. Maɣzɩ nɛ ŋna ɛzɩma ɛsaɣyaɣ kɔ-yɔɔ nɛ ɛcɔŋnɩ nʋmɔʋ pɩŋŋ yɔ. Ðoo tɛyɩ hɛkʋ. Yosɛɛfʋ ɖiɣni maɣzʋʋ nʋmɔʋ kɩɖaɣlʋʋ ŋgʋ ɛ nɛ ɛ-hɔʋ pacaɣ ɖɔm se powolo Egipiti yɔ, kɩ-yɔɔ siŋŋ. Pakaɣ kɛʋ agɔma peeɖe nɛ pɩtasɩ lɛ, ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-kʋnʋŋ nɛ ɖɩ-sɔnzɩ wɛ ndɩ. Pɩtɩla, Yosɛɛfʋ ɖiɣni ɛ-tɩ pɔzʋʋ se ɛzɩma pakaɣ caɣʋ wezuu peeɖe?
2 Pɩtaawɛɛ yɔɔɔ yɔɔɔ se Yosɛɛfʋ eheyi ɛ-halʋ kʋsɔɔlʋ tɔm ndʋ Ɛsɔ tiyiyu nɔɔyʋ heyi-i ɖoziye taa yɔ, mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ tɔm ndʋ tɩtaakɛ laŋhɛzɩyɛ tɔm. Ɛlɛ, ɛñaɣ pana nɛ eheyi-tʋ Maarɩɩ: Wiyaʋ Eroodi ñɩnɩɣ se ɛkʋ pa-pɩɣa nɛ pʋyɔɔ lɛ, pɩwɛɛ se pakʋyɩ Bɛtɩlɛhɛm tɛtʋ taa kpɛdɛyɛ nɛ pese. (Kalɩ Maatiyee 2:13, 14.) Tɔm ndʋ, tɩtɩla Maarɩɩ camɩyɛ. Ɛbɛ yɔɔ pacaɣ se pakʋ ɛ-pɩɣa ɛjam ŋga katɩwɛɛkɩ nabʋyʋ yɔ? Tɔm tʋnɛ tɩɩwɛ piti Maarɩɩ nɛ Yosɛɛfʋ kpem. Ɛlɛ pataɣaɣ Yehowa liu, pʋyɔɔ pakʋyɩ kpaka nɛ pɔñɔɔzɩ pa-tɩ se pese nɛ pɛɖɛɛ Egipiti.
3. Kɛdɩ ɛzɩma Yosɛɛfʋ nɛ Maarɩɩ pakʋyɩ Bɛtɩlɛhɛm se pɛɖɛɣ Egipiti yɔ, pɩ-tɔm. (Cɔnɩ ɖɔɖɔ kɩlɛmʋʋ.)
3 Alɩwaatʋ ndʋ Yosɛɛfʋ, Maarɩɩ nɛ Yesu pakʋyaa nɛ pɛɖɛɣ yɔ, tɛʋ tifemta nɛ Bɛtɩlɛhɛm ɛyaa tɩna se nabʋyʋ ɖiɣni labʋ. Tɛʋ paɣzɩ fem lɛ, Yosɛɛfʋ ta kpaŋaɣ nimiye nɛ pakpaɣ hadɛ kiŋ nʋmɔʋ; pɩɩwɛ ɛzɩ eɖiɣni maɣzʋʋ mbʋ pɩɖaŋ-wɛ nɛ ɛzɩdaa yɔ, pɩ-yɔɔ. Ɛzɩma ɛnʋ weyi ɛkɛ kafɩnda yem yɔ, ɛpɩzɩɣ nɛ ɛkandɩyɩ ɛ-hɔʋ yɔɔ nɛ Eroodi nɛ Sataŋ, pataalabɩ-kʋ kɩdɛkɛdɩm nabʋyʋ? Ɛbɛ ɛkaɣ labʋ nɛ ɛcɔnɩ ɛ-hɔʋ yɔɔ? Ɛpɩzɩɣ nɛ ɛla tʋmɩyɛ sɔsɔɖɛ nɖɩ Yehowa ɖʋ-ɩ se ɛcɔnɩ pɩɣa ŋga kɔ-yɔɔ yɔ camɩyɛ na? Tʋmɩyɛ nɖɩ pʋpɔzʋʋ se Yosɛɛfʋ ɛla yɔ, ɖɩpaɣlaa pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ. Iyele nɛ ɖɩtazɩ nɛ ɖɩna ɛzɩma Yosɛɛfʋ labɩ ɛ-tʋmɩyɛ nɖɩ yɔ, nɛ mbʋ pʋyɔɔ pʋpɔzʋʋ se cajanaa nɛ ɖa-tɩŋa ɖɩmaɣzɩnɩ e-tisuu sɔnɔ yɔ.
Yosɛɛfʋ kandɩyɩ ɛ-hɔʋ yɔɔ
4, 5. (a) Ɛzɩma tɩyɛ Yosɛɛfʋ wezuu caɣʋ lɛɣzɩ kpɛlɩ? (b) Nɛ ɛzɩma Ɛsɔ tiyiyu nɔɔyʋ ha-ɩ ɖoŋ se ɛpɩzɩ nɛ ɛla tʋmɩyɛ sɔsɔɖɛ nɖɩ paɖʋ-ɩ yɔ?
4 Fenasɩ sakɩyɛ pʋcɔ nɛ pɩlakɩ mbʋ lɛ, Yosɛɛfʋ kaawɛ Nazarɛɛtɩ, peeɖe palʋlɩ-ɩ nɛ peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ e-wezuu caɣʋ lɛɣzaa, kpaɣnɩ alɩwaatʋ ndʋ ɛɖanɩ Elii pɛlɛ yɔ. Yosɛɛfʋ kaanawa se Maarɩɩ sɔɔlɩ Yehowa nɛ ɛ-paɣtʋ. Ɛlɛ ɛkɔɔ nɛ ɛnɩɩ se ɛ nɛ hoɣa. Peeɖe ɛlabɩ lɩmaɣza se ɛ nɛ Maarɩɩ pekizi ɖama mɛɛsaɣ tɛɛ nɛ pɩtaaɖʋ ɛlɛ fɛyɛ. * Ɛlɛ, Ɛsɔ tiyiyu nɔɔyʋ yɔɔdɩnɩ-ɩ ɖoziye taa nɛ ɛlɩzɩ-ɩ pɩ-taa se Yehowa fezuu kiɖeɖeu yebina nɛ Maarɩɩ haɣ hoɣa. Ɛsɔ tiyiyu yɔɔdɩ ɖɔɖɔ se abalɩbɩɣa ŋga Maarɩɩ kaɣ lʋlʋʋ yɔ, “ŋga kaɣnɩ lɩzʋʋ ka-samaɣ kɩwɛɛkɩm taa.” Ɛhɛzɩ ɖɔɖɔ Yosɛɛfʋ laŋɩyɛ se: “Taakizi kpaɣʋ ña-halʋ Maarɩɩ se ŋsɩɩ-ɩ ñɔ-cɔlɔ.”—Mat. 1:18-21.
5 Yosɛɛfʋ la ɖeyi ɖeyi ɛzɩ Ɛsɔ tiyiyu heyuu-i yɔ, mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ ɛɛwɛ siɣsiɣ nɛ ɛñaŋ Ɛsɔ. Etisaa se ɛcɔŋnɩ pɩɣa ŋga katɩkɛ ɛ-ñɩŋga ɛlɛ kɛwɛ ñɩm Ɛsɔ ɛzɩdaa yɔ, kɔ-yɔɔ; nɛ pɩɩkɛ tʋmɩyɛ sɔsɔɖɛ kpem. Pʋwayɩ palɩzɩ paɣtʋ se pama hɩla takayɩsɩ taa lɛ, Yosɛɛfʋ ña paɣtʋ ndʋ, nɛ ɛ nɛ ɛ-halʋ hoɣa tʋ pakʋyɩ nɛ powolo Bɛtɩlɛhɛm. Peeɖe palʋlɩ Yesu.
6-8. (a) Ɛbɛ tasɩ kɔnʋʋ lɛɣzʋʋ Yosɛɛfʋ nɛ ɛ-hɔʋ pe-wezuu caɣʋ taa? (b) Ɛbɛ wɩlɩɣ kaɣlaa se Sataŋ tiyini tɩɩŋa ŋga kawɩlaɣ nʋmɔʋ tɩɩnzɩ wɛtʋ kpɛlɩkɩyaa yɔ? (Cɔnɩ ɖɔɖɔ pɩ-tɛɛ tɔm.)
6 Yosɛɛfʋ nɛ ɛ-hɔʋ patɩpɩsɩ Nazarɛɛtɩ. Ɛlɛ pacaɣ Bɛtɩlɛhɛm, tɛtʋ ndʋ tiposini Yerusalɛm ɛzɩ kilomɛtanaa hiu mbʋ yɔ. Paakɛ kʋñɔndɩnaa, ɛlɛ Yosɛɛfʋ ñaɣ pana siŋŋ nɛ ɛcɔnɩ Maarɩɩ nɛ Yesu pɔ-yɔɔ se pataala kʋñɔŋ. Pitileɖi pʋcɔ nɛ pehiɣ ɖɩɣa cikpelaɣ nakɛyɛ nɛ pacaɣ ka-taa. Pʋwayɩ Yesu paɣlɩ pazɩ nɛ ɛwɛɛnɩ ɛzɩ pɩnaɣ kʋɖʋmaɣ mbʋ yɔ lɛ, pe-wezuu caɣʋ ɖaɣnɩ lɛɣzʋʋ yem tuda.
7 Abalaa nabɛyɛ mba pɛkpɛlɩkɩɣ tɩɩnzɩ wɛtʋ yɔ, palɩnɩ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa nɛ pɔkɔɔ, pɩtɩla ɖooo Babilooni palɩnaa. “Tɩɩŋa” nakɛyɛ wɩlɩ-wɛ nʋmɔʋ nɛ powolo Yosɛɛfʋ nɛ Maarɩɩ ɖɩɣa taa. Pañɩnaɣ se pana pɩɣa ŋga kakaɣ pɩsʋʋ Yuda mba wiyaʋ yɔ. Abalaa mba, pɔyɔɔdaɣnɩ ñamtʋ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ.
8 Tɩɩnzɩ wɛtʋ kpɛlɩkɩyaa mba, paa peɖiɣzinaa yaa petiɖiɣzina yɔ, pɔkɔnɩ kaɖɛ sɔsɔyɛ kpem pɩɣa ɛjam Yesu yɔɔ. “Tɩɩŋa” ŋga patɩŋaɣ yɔ, kowoni-wɛ Yerusalɛm nɛ pʋcɔ kowokini-wɛ Bɛtɩlɛhɛm. * Yerusalɛm peeɖe peheyi wiyaʋ kañatʋ tʋ Eroodi se mba ɖiɣni ñɩnʋʋ pɩɣa nakɛyɛ, ŋga kakaɣ kɛʋ Yuda mba wiyaʋ yɔ. Pɔ-tɔm ndʋ tɩwɩzɩ Eroodi nɛ ɛpaɣzɩ sʋsʋʋ pɩɣa ŋga.
9-11. (a) Ɛbɛ yɔɔ ɖɩpɩzɩɣ nɛ ɖɩtɔ se ɖoŋ nɩɩyɩ wɛɛ nɛ ɛkpaɖɩ Eroodi nɛ Sataŋ pa-ñɩŋ? (b) Nʋmɔʋ ŋgʋ Yosɛɛfʋ nɛ ɛ-hɔʋ pɔɖɔma nɛ powolo Egipiti yɔ, ɛzɩma kɩwɛ ndɩ nɛ tɔm ndʋ pama mʋya takayɩsɩ taa yɔ?
10 Tɩɩnzɩ wɛtʋ kpɛlɩkɩyaa ɖɛwa nɛ pitileɖi lɛ, Yehowa tiyiyu nɔɔyʋ kɔɔ nɛ eheyi Yosɛɛfʋ se: “Kʋyɩ ŋkpaɣ pɩɣa nɛ ko-ɖoo nɛ ŋse ŋmɛlɩ Egipiti nɛ ɩcaɣ peeɖe pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩ meheyi-ŋ se ŋpɩsɩ. Mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ Eroodi kɔŋ pɩɣa ñɩnʋʋ se ɛkʋ-kɛ.” (Mat. 2:13) Nɛ ɛzɩ ɖɩɩtɛm yɔɔdʋʋ yɔ, Yosɛɛfʋ kʋyɩ kpaka nɛ ɛla ɛzɩ peheyuu-i yɔ. Ɛ-pɩɣa tɔm cɛyɩ ɛ-ɛzɩdaa nɛ pɩkɩlɩ pɩtɩŋa payɩ nɛ ɛtaasɔɔlɩ se kaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ ɛtalɩ-kɛ, pʋyɔɔ ɛkpaɣ ɛ-hɔʋ tɩŋa nɛ pɛɖɛɛ Egipiti. Yosɛɛfʋ pɩzaɣ se ɛya mbʋ mbʋ pɩpɔzʋʋ-wɛ nɛ ɛcɔnɩ ɛ-hɔʋ yɔɔ Egipiti ɛjaɖɛ taa, mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ tɩɩnzɩ wɛtʋ kpɛlɩkɩyaa kaaha-wɛ ñɩm wondu sakɩyɛ.
11 Pɩnzɩ sakɩyɛ wayɩ lɛ, ɛjaɖɛ yɔɔ mʋya takayɩsɩ yɔɔdɩ tɔm ndɩ ndɩ Egipiti nʋmɔʋ ɖɔm ŋgʋ kɩ-yɔɔ. Sɩtɔm se Yesu labɩ maamaaci nɛ pɔɖɔm pazɩ yem lɛ, patalɩ Egipiti. Pɩtasɩ lɛ, ɛɖɔɔnɩ añɔndɔmwaa habɩyɛ yɔɔ nɛ ɛpɔzɩ kañɩmbusuu taa kpaakpa tɩʋ nakʋyʋ se kiluzi kɩ-tɩ e-ɖoo tɛɛ nɛ ɛlɛ pɩzɩ nɛ ekoyi kpaakpa. * Ɛlɛ toovenim taa lɛ, pɩtɩkɛ mbʋ pɩɩlaba. Nʋmɔʋ kɩɖaɣlʋʋ nɛ kaɖɛ ŋgʋ kpem paaɖɔma nɛ powolo ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ paasɩŋ yɔ, ɖɩ-taa.
Yosɛɛfʋ yebi maɣzʋʋ ɛ-maɣmaɣ ɛ-yɔɔ se ɛpɩzɩ nɛ ɛkandɩyɩ ɛ-hɔʋ yɔɔ
12. Lʋlɩyaa mba pasɩɣzɩɣ pe-piya lɔŋ ɛjaɖɛ kɩdɛkɛdɩyɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa yɔ, ɛbɛ papɩzɩɣ nɛ pɛkpɛlɩkɩ Yosɛɛfʋ cɔlɔ?
12 Lʋlɩyaa pɩzɩɣ nɛ pɛkpɛlɩkɩ lɔŋ sakɩyɛ Yosɛɛfʋ cɔlɔ. Eyebi ɛ-tʋmɩyɛ labʋ nɛ eyele maɣzʋʋ ɖɔɖɔ ɛ-maɣmaɣ ɛ-yɔɔ se ɛpɩzɩ nɛ ɛkandɩyɩ ɛ-hɔʋ yɔɔ. Ɛnɩ pɩ-taa se ɛ-hɔʋ kɛ kʋjɔʋ kɩbaŋʋ ŋgʋ kɩlɩnɩ Ɛsɔ cɔlɔ yɔ. Sɔnɔ, lʋlɩyaa sɩɣzɩɣ pe-piya lɔŋ Sataŋ ɛjaɖɛ kɩdɛkɛdɩyɛ taa. Ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ, ɖɩpɩzɩɣ ɖituzi piya nɛ sɩcaɣ wezuu kɩdɛkɛdʋʋ ŋgʋ kɩɖʋʋ-sɩ kʋñɔŋ taa nɛ halɩ kɩkɔnɩ-sɩ kaɖɛ siŋŋ yɔ. Lʋlɩyaa mba pañakɩ pana nɛ palakɩ mbʋ payɩ papɩzɩɣ sepakandɩyɩ pe-piya yɔɔ ɛjaɖɛ kɩdɛkɛdɩyɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa ɛzɩ Yosɛɛfʋ yɔ, pamʋnɩ samtʋ!
Yosɛɛfʋ cɔnɩ ɛ-hɔʋ kɩcɛyɩm ɖeɖe
13, 14. Ɛzɩma pɩlaba nɛ Yosɛɛfʋ nɛ Maarɩɩ papɩsɩ Nazarɛɛtɩ nɛ pɔcɔnɩ pɔ-hɔʋ yɔɔ peeɖe?
13 Pɩwɛ ɛzɩ Yosɛɛfʋ nɛ ɛ-hɔʋ pacaɣ Egipiti alɩwaatʋ pazɩ yem na, mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ pitileɖi pʋcɔ nɛ Ɛsɔ tiyiyu nɔɔyʋ heyi Yosɛɛfʋ se Eroodi sɩba. Peeɖe Yosɛɛfʋ kpaɣ ɛ-hɔʋ nɛ papɩsɩ pɛ-tɛ. Caanaʋ taa natʋ tɔm natʋyʋ kaatɔm se Yehowa kaɣ yaʋ ɛ-Pɩyalʋ se “ɛlɩɩ Egipiti.” (Mat. 2:15) Yosɛɛfʋ kaasɩnaa nɛ natʋ tɔm ndʋ tɩkɔɔ pɩ-taa. Ɛlɛ, le ɖeyi ɖeyi ɛ nɛ ɛ-hɔʋ pakaɣ caɣʋ?
14 Yosɛɛfʋ kaawɛ lɛɣtʋ. Ɛkpa ɛ-tɩ nɛ Arcɛlaayuusi weyi ɛpɩsɩ wiyaʋ Eroodi lone taa yɔ, mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ ɛlɛ kɛ pɩ-tɛɛ nɛ pɩ-yɔɔ ɛyʋ nɛ ɛyaa kʋyʋ. Ɛsɔ fezuu ɖiyi Yosɛɛfʋ nɛ ɛkpaɣ ɛ-hɔʋ nɛ ɛɖɛɛnɩ hayo kiŋ nɛ ɛpɩsɩ ɛ-tɛ Nazarɛɛtɩ, Galilee egeetiye taa. Peeɖe lɛ, eposi ɛ-tɩ nɛ e-koyindinaa mba pɛwɛ Yerusalɛm yɔ. Peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ ɛ nɛ Maarɩɩ pɔcɔnɩ pɔ-hɔʋ yɔɔ.—Kalɩ Maatiyee 2:19-23.
15, 16. Ɛzɩma Yosɛɛfʋ tʋmɩyɛ kaawɛɛ? Nɛ pɩtɩla tʋmɩyɛ wondu ndʋ ɛɛwɛna?
15 Pacakaɣ wezuu kɛlɛʋ pɔ-hɔʋ taa, ɛlɛ pɩɩwɛ-wɛ kaɖɛ pazɩ. Bibl tɔm se Yosɛɛfʋ kɛ kafɩnda. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ lɛ se ɛlakaɣ kpoŋgbolonaa tʋmɩyɛ, etiŋaɣ tɩŋ, etuluu ɖasɩ, ɛlakɩ kpoŋgbolonaa se pɔlɔbɩnɩ ɖɩsɩ, pasaɣnɩ mɛlɛnaa, palabɩnɩ kondolokonaa, keekeevinaa, pɔbɔla, ɖaŋ weyi pakakɩ naŋ yɔɔ nɛ ɩhayɩɣ yɔ, nɛ haɖaʋ wondu ndɩ ndɩ. (Mat. 13:55) Ye ɛyʋ ɛfɛyɩ ɖoŋ yɔ, ɛɛpɩzɩɣ nɛ ɛla tʋmɩyɛ nɖɩ. Bibl alɩwaatʋ taa, kafɩndanaa lakaɣ tʋmɩyɛ pa-ɖɩsɩ nɔnɔsɩ taa yaa pamaɣaɣ pa-tʋmɩyɛ ɖɩlaɖɛ pa-ɖɩsɩ cɔlɔ kpam.
16 Yosɛɛfʋ kaawɛnɩ tʋmɩyɛ wondu ndɩ ndɩ, nɛ pɩtɔma yɔ ɛ-caa hanɩ-ɩ tɩ-taa natʋyʋ. Pɩtɩla yɔ, ɛɛwɛnɩ hamanaa, ñɩɣyʋʋ ŋgʋ pasakɩnɩ kpoŋgbolonaa yɔ, kafɩnda nimasɩ, laɖɩcʋkʋŋ, kpɩtɩyɩsɩ, ñɩɣɖɛ, ketu ndɩ ndɩ, nɛ pɩtɔma yɔ ñɩma naayɛ ɖɔɖɔ.
17, 18. (a) Ɛbɛ Yesu kpɛlɩkɩ Yosɛɛfʋ cɔlɔ? (b) Ɛbɛ yɔɔ pɩɩcɛyaa se Yosɛɛfʋ ɛñaɣ pana nɛ ɛla tʋmɩyɛ nɛ pɩkɩlɩ?
17 Ðɩpɩzɩɣ nɛ ɖɩmaɣzɩ ɛzɩma pɩɣa cikpelaɣ Yesu cɔŋnaɣ ka-caa, alɩwaatʋ ndʋ ɛlakaɣ tʋmɩyɛ yɔ. Ɛcɔŋaɣnɩ ɛzɩma ɛ-caa lakaɣ tʋmɩyɛ camɩyɛ yɔ, ɛzɩma ɛ-caa hazasɩ nɛ ɛ-nɩŋgbɛɛnzɩ kpeyitaayɔ nɛ ɛzɩma ɛɛwɛ niye ɛ-tʋmɩyɛ labʋ taa yɔ lɛ, pɩkɛdaɣnɩ-ɩ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ. Pʋtɔma yɔ, Yosɛɛfʋ kaapaɣzɩ ɛ-pɩyalʋ wɩlʋʋ tʋma wena afɛyɩ ɖoŋ yɔ, ɛzɩ kpoŋgbolonaa nɔsɩ yɔɔ ñɔɔzʋʋ se pɩwɛɛ lozo lozo. Ɛwɩlaɣ-ɩ ɖɔɖɔ tʋkaɣ ŋga kɛwɛ tɩŋ weyi ɛlakaɣnɩ tʋmɩyɛ yɔ, ɩ-hɛkʋ taa yɔ; ɛzɩ hiyuu, hɛɛmʋʋ nɛ oliivi tɩʋ yɔ.
18 Yesu nawa ɖɔɖɔ se paa ɛ-caa ɛwɛ ɖoŋ nɛ etiŋ tɩŋ nɛ ɛlakɩ kpoŋgbolonaa yɔ, ɛwɩlaɣ ɖɔɖɔ sɔɔlɩm ɛ nɛ e-ɖoo nɛ e-newaa. Toovenim, Yosɛɛfʋ nɛ Maarɩɩ pɔ-hɔʋ kɔm nɛ kɩpaɣlɩ, mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ patasɩ lʋlʋʋ ɛzɩ piya loɖo mbʋ yɔ Yesu tɛɛ. (Mat. 13:55, 56) Ye mbʋ, pɩɩwɛɛ se Yosɛɛfʋ ɛñaɣ pana nɛ ɛla tʋmɩyɛ nɛ pɩkɩlɩ nɛ ɛpɩzɩ nɛ ɛcɔnɩ pa-tɩŋa pɔ-yɔɔ.
Yosɛɛfʋ nɩ pɩ-taa se ɛ-hɔʋ taa mba fezuu taa kɩcɛyɩm tɔm kɩlɩnɩ cɛyʋʋ
19. Ɛzɩma Yosɛɛfʋ cɔŋnaɣ ɛ-hɔʋ fezuu taa kɩcɛyɩm ɖeɖe?
19 Ɛlɛ Yosɛɛfʋ nɩ pɩ-taa se ɛ-hɔʋ taa mba fezuu taa kɩcɛyɩm tɔm kɩlɩnɩ cɛyʋʋ. Pʋyɔɔ ɛkpakaɣ alɩwaatʋ nɛ eheyiɣ e-piya Yehowa tɔm nɛ ɛkpɛlɩkɩɣ-sɩ ɖɔɖɔ ɛ-paɣtʋ. Ɛ nɛ Maarɩɩ powokaɣni-sɩ ɖoŋ ɖoŋ po-kooka taa Ɛsɔtɔm ɖɩyɔɔdɩyɛ, ɖenɖe pakalaɣ Moyizi Paɣtʋ nɛ palɩzɩɣ tɩ-taa yɔ. Pʋtɔma yɔ, paalɩɣnɩ peeɖe nɛ pekpeŋ lɛ, Yesu pɔzʋʋ tɔm sakɩyɛ nɛ Yosɛɛfʋ ñakɩ pana nɛ ecosuu tɩ-yɔɔ. Yosɛɛfʋ wokaɣni ɖɔɖɔ ɛ-hɔʋ Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ kazandʋ ndʋ palakaɣ Yerusalɛm yɔ, tɩ-taa. Paa pɩnaɣ ŋga lɛ, pɔɖɔŋaɣ ɛzɩ kilomɛtanaa 120 mbʋ yɔ nɛ powoki Yerusalɛm nɛ palakɩ Paska kazandʋ. Yerusalɛm wobu, kazandʋ labʋ nɛ ɖɩɣa pɩsʋʋ kpakaɣ ɛzɩ kpɩtaŋ naalɛ mbʋ yɔ.
20. Ɛzɩma hɔŋ ñʋndɩnaa pɩzɩɣ nɛ pamaɣzɩnɩ Yosɛɛfʋ sɔnɔ?
20 Yosɛɛfʋ kɩɖaʋ ŋgʋ ɖɔɖɔ Krɩstʋ mba hɔŋ ñʋndɩnaa tɩŋɩɣ sɔnɔ. Paa hɔŋ ñʋndɩnaa ɩlakɩ tʋmɩyɛ se pɔcɔnɩ pɔ-hɔŋ yɔɔ yɔ, panawa se mbʋ pɩkɩlɩ cɛyʋʋ yɔ, mbʋ lɛ se pɛkpɛlɩkɩ pe-piya Yehowa tɔm. Pañakɩ pana ɖɔɖɔ nɛ palakɩ hɔʋ taa Bibl kpɛlɩkʋʋ, nɛ pa nɛ pe-piya powoki kediɣzisi nɛ kigbeɣluu. Ɛzɩ Yosɛɛfʋ yɔ, panawa se nabʋyʋ tɩcɛyɩ nɛ pɩkpaɖɩ se pɛkpɛlɩkɩ pe-piya Yehowa tɔm.
‘Pa-laŋɩyɛ lɩwa’
21. Ɛbɛ Yosɛɛfʋ nɛ ɛ-hɔʋ palakaɣ Paska alɩwaatʋ taa? Nɛ ɛzɩmtaa Yosɛɛfʋ nɛ Maarɩɩ panawa se Yesu fɛyɩ samaɣ hɛkʋ taa?
21 Yesu kɔm nɛ ɛwɛɛnɩ pɩnzɩ 12 lɛ, Yosɛɛfʋ nɛ ɛ-hɔʋ powolo Yerusalɛm, ɛzɩ palakʋʋ pɩnzɩ tɩŋa yɔ. Powokaɣ Paska kazandʋ labʋ, pɩɩkɛ leleŋ nɩʋ alɩwaatʋ nɛ hɔŋ sakɩyɛ kpɛndaɣ nɛ pɔɖɔŋnɩ amɛya. Pɩtɩla pɔñɔtʋʋnɩ piyisi nzɩ pakpaɣ pʋcɔ nɛ patalɩ Yerusalɛm lɛ, papaɣzaɣ teu Yerusalɛm kpaʋ hendu. (Keɣsi 119-133) Ɛyaa kaasu Yerusalɛm tɛtʋ taa, alɩwaatʋ ndʋ tɩ-taa. Kazandʋ tɛma lɛ, hɔŋ ɖaɣnɩ kpɛndʋʋ nɛ ɩkpaɣ ɖɩsɩ nʋmɔʋ. Pɩwɛ ɛzɩ pɩɩɖɔkɩnɩ Yosɛɛfʋ nɛ Maarɩɩ yɔ, pʋyɔɔ pamaɣzaa se pɩtɩla Yesu wɛ samaɣ hɛkʋ taa, pɔ-hɔʋ taa mba nabɛyɛ cɔlɔ. Pɔɖɔm nʋmɔʋ kɩyakʋ kʋɖʋmʋʋ kiya pʋcɔ nɛ pana se Yesu fɛyɩ pɛ-hɛkʋ taa.—Lk. 2:41-44.
22, 23. Yosɛɛfʋ nɛ Maarɩɩ pɔkɔm nɛ paanaɣ Yesu lɛ, ɛbɛ palaba? Nɛ pɔkɔm nɛ pana-ɩ lɛ, suwe Maarɩɩ yɔɔdaa?
22 Peeɖe sɔɔndʋ kpa-wɛ nɛ papɩsɩ Yerusalɛm nɛ pañɩnɩɣ Yesu. Lɛɛlɛɛyɔ ɛyaa tɩŋa mɩzaa nɛ tɛtʋ taa wɛɛ hoŋŋ. Maɣzɩ nɛ ŋna ɛzɩma pɩlakaɣ-wɛ alɩwaatʋ ndʋ pañɩnaɣ pa-pɩyalʋ nɛ payaɣ ɛ-hɩɖɛ habɛɛ yɔɔ peeɖe lɛ. Ɛzɩ le Yesu wɛɛ? Papaɣzʋʋ Yesu ñɩnʋʋ yɔ, pɩlakɩ kɩyakɩŋ naadozo lɛ. Pɩtɩla Yosɛɛfʋ paɣzɩ maɣzʋʋ seɛtɩla tʋmɩyɛ nɖɩ Yehowa ta-ɩ liu nɛ ɛɖʋ-ɩ yɔ camɩyɛ. Pɩkɛdaa lɛ, powolo Ɛsɔ kuduyuu tɛɛ. Pasʋ peeɖe lɛ, papaɣzɩ-ɩ ñɩnʋʋ kpaaŋ kʋlɔmɩŋ tɩŋa taa, nɛ pɩkɛdaa lɛ pasʋʋ ɖaŋ sɔsɔʋ nakʋyʋ tɛɛ. Wɩlɩyaa sɔsaa mba pasɩm Moyizi Paɣtʋ camɩyɛ yɔ, pekpeɣli peeɖe nɛ pɩɣa evelaɣ Yesu wɛɛ pɛ-hɛkʋ taa. Pɩtʋʋ fɛyɩ se Yosɛɛfʋ nɛ Maarɩɩ petisi fezuu fʋʋʋ.—Lk. 2:45, 46.
23 Yesu welisaɣni wɩlɩyaa sɔsaa mba camɩyɛ nɛ ɛpɔzʋʋ-wɛ tɔm. Pɩɩlabɩ abalaa mba piti se Yesu nɩɣaɣ tɔm taa nɛ ecosuu tɔm yɔɔ camɩyɛ. Halɩ pɩɩɖɩɣzɩ Maarɩɩ nɛ Yosɛɛfʋ ɖɔɖɔ. Bibl tɩwɩlɩ se Yosɛɛfʋ yɔɔdɩ natʋyʋ. Ɛlɛ tɔm ndʋ pa-naalɛ pamaɣzaɣ yɔ, ndʋ Maarɩɩ lɩzaa nɛ ɛyɔɔdɩ se: “Man-pɩyalʋ, pɩlabɩ ɛzɩma nɛ ŋlabɩ-ɖʋ mbʋ? Na, ma nɛ ña-caa, ɖɩñɩnaɣ-ŋ nɛ laŋɩyɛ lɩʋ.”—Lk. 2:47, 48.
24. Ɛzɩma tɩyɛ Bibl yɔɔdʋʋ sʋʋtʋ ndʋ tɩwɛ lʋlɩyaa yɔɔ yɔ, tɩ-tɔm?
24 Bibl tɩŋnɩ kɛdaɣ kanɛ kɔ-yɔɔ nɛ kɩwɩlɩ-ɖʋ ɛzɩma lʋlɩyaa tʋmɩyɛ ɖɔŋ ɖeyi ɖeyi yɔ. Pɩkɛ tʋmɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩwɛ kaɖɛ siŋŋ yɔ, paa pɩɣa ɛtalɩ pilim yɔ. Wɛtʋ ndɩ ndɩ yɔɔ lɛ, lʋlɩyaa “laŋɩyɛ lɩɣ” ɖoŋ ɖoŋ, ɛjaɖɛ kɩdɛkɛdɩyɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa. Ɛlɛ ye caanaa nɛ ɖoonaa panawa se Bibl kaatɛm yɔɔdʋʋ tɩlasɩ nzɩ pakatɩɣ yɔ, sɩ-tɔm yɔ, pɩpɩzɩɣ nɛ pɩhɛzɩ pa-laŋa.
25, 26. Suwe Yesu cosi ɛ-lʋlɩyaa? Nɛ Yosɛɛfʋ maɣzaɣ tɩ-yɔɔ lɛ, ɛzɩma pɩlakaɣ-ɩ?
25 Yesu kaawobi lone nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa ɛpɩzaɣ se ɛñɔtɩnɩ Yehowa nɛ pɩkɩlɩ nɛ ɛkpɛlɩkɩ ɛ-tɔm yɔ. Ecosi ɛ-lʋlɩyaa nɛ ñamtʋ se: “Pɩlabɩ ɛzɩma nɛ ɩñɩnɩɣ-m? Ɩtɩtɩlɩ se pɩmʋnaa se mɛwɛɛ man-Caa ɖɩɣa taa yaa we?”—Lk. 2:49, ABT.
26 Pɩtʋʋ fɛyɩ, Yosɛɛfʋ maɣzɩ tɔm ndʋ tɩ-yɔɔ tam sakɩyɛ. Pɩtɩla, alɩwaatʋ natʋyʋ taa ɛmaɣzɩɣ tɩ-yɔɔ lɛ, pɩlakɩ-ɩ leleŋ. Mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ, pɩwɩlɩɣ se ɛñaɣ pana siŋŋ nɛ ɛwɩlɩ ɛ-pɩyalʋ se pɩpɔzʋʋ se ɛñɔɔnɩ Yehowa Ɛsɔ kpam. Lɛɛlɛɛyɔ Yesu kɛ pɩɣa evelaɣ yem, ɛlɛ pɩnzɩ nzɩ ɛtɛm labʋ Yosɛɛfʋ cɔlɔ yɔ, sɩsɩnɩ-ɩ nɛ ɛsɔɔlɩ Ɛsɔ nɛ ɛyaɣ-ɩ se “caa.”
27. Ña weyi ŋkɛ hɔʋ caja yɔ waɖɛ sɔsɔyɛ nɖɩ ŋwɛna? Nɛ ɛbɛ yɔɔ pɩcɛyaa se ŋtɔzɩ Yosɛɛfʋ kɩɖaʋ yɔɔ?
27 Ye ŋkɛ caja yɔ, ɛzɩ ŋnɩ pɩ-taa se pɩkɛnɩ-ŋ waɖɛ sɔsɔɖɛ se ŋsɩnɩ ñe-piya nɛ sɩtɩlɩ se Yehowa kɛ ɖa-Caa weyi ɛwɛ ɛsɔdaa, weyi ɛsɔɔlɩ-ɖʋ siŋŋ nɛ ɛkandɩyɩɣ ɖɔ-yɔɔ yɔ? Mbʋ ɖɔɖɔ, ye nɔɔyʋ piya ɩwɛ ñɔ-cɔlɔ yɔ, tɔzɩ Yosɛɛfʋ kɩɖaʋ yɔɔ nɛ ŋɖɔkɩ paa pɩɣa ŋga lɛ camɩyɛ, ɛzɩ ña-maɣmaɣ ña-pɩɣa yɔ. Sɩnɩ piya nzɩ nɛ sɩñɔtɩnɩ Yehowa Ɛsɔ, sɩ-Caa weyi ɛwɛ ɛsɔdaa yɔ kpam.—Kalɩ Efɛɛzɩ 6:4.
Yosɛɛfʋ ɖɔkɩ e-siɣsiɣ wɛtʋ kpam
28, 29. (a) Tɔm ndʋ tɩwɛ Luka 2:51,52 taa yɔ, ɛbɛ tɩwɩlɩɣ-ɖʋ Yosɛɛfʋ yɔɔ? (b) Ɛzɩma Yosɛɛfʋ sɩnɩ ɛ-pɩyalʋ nɛ ɛ-lɔŋsɩnɖɛ ɖɛɛnɩ ɛzɩdaa?
28 Bibl tɩtasɩ yɔɔdʋʋ tɔm sakɩyɛ Yosɛɛfʋ yɔɔ; ɛlɛ pɩwɛɛ se ɖɩmaɣzɩ ndʋ kɩyɔɔdɩ ɛ-yɔɔ pazɩ yɔ, tɩ-yɔɔ camɩyɛ. Bibl kɛdaa se Luka 2:51, 52.) Ɛbɛ ɖɩkpɛlɩkɩɣ Yosɛɛfʋ yɔɔ cɩnɛ? Ðɩkpɛlɩkɩɣ tɔm sakɩyɛ ɛ-yɔɔ. Ðɩkpɛlɩkɩɣ se Yosɛɛfʋ wobi pɩ-yɔɔ nɛ eɖiyiɣ ɛ-hɔʋ, mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ ɛ-pɩyalʋ weyi ɛtalɩ pilim yɔ, eluzaɣ ɛ-tɩ ɛ-tɛɛ nɛ ɛñaŋɩ-ɩ camɩyɛ.Yesu wobi pɩ-yɔɔ nɛ ‘eluzi ɛ-tɩ nɛ wɛ,’ pʋ-tɔbʋʋ lɛ se ewobi pɩ-yɔɔ nɛ eluzi ɛ-tɩ ɛ-lʋlɩyaa tɛɛ. Ðɩkalɩɣ ɖɔɖɔ se: “Yesu wɛɛ ɛpaɣlɩɣnɩ ɛ-lɔŋ, ɛɖaɣlɩɣ nɛ kʋjɔʋ hukuu ɛ-taa Ɛsɔ ɛzɩdaa nɛ ɛyaa ɛzɩdaa.” (Kalɩ
29 Pɩtasɩ lɛ, ɖɩkpɛlɩkɩɣ se Yesu kaawɛɛ nɛ ɛpaɣlɩɣ nɛ ɛ-lɔŋ tɛzɩɣ sɔzʋʋ kʋsɔzʋʋ. Pɩtʋʋ fɛyɩ se Yosɛɛfʋ sɩnɩ-ɩ hɔɔlʋʋ ŋgʋ kɩ-taa pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ. Alɩwaatʋ ndʋ tɩ-taa lɛ, Yuda mba kaawɛnɩ eduuye naɖɩyɛ. Eduuye nɖɩ ɖɩyɔɔdʋʋ se ñɩm tɩnaa nɛ ɖoŋ tɩnaa ɖeke pɩzɩɣna nɛ pɛwɛɛ lɔŋ, ɛlɛ mba palakɩ nesi tʋmɩyɛ ɛzɩ kafɩndanaa, haɖaa nɛ kolaa yɔ, paapɩzɩɣ nɛ pahʋʋ tɔm yaa patazɩ aduwa taa. Ɛlɛ Yesu kɔm nɛ ɛwɩlɩ pʋwayɩ se eduuye nɖɩ ɖɩtɩkɛ toovenim. Toovenim, paa ɛ-caa kaakɛ kʋñɔndʋ nɛ kafɩnda yɔ, ɛwɩlɩ-ɩ mbʋ Yehowa paɣtʋ nɛ siɣsiɣ wɛtʋ kɛnaa yɔ, tam sakɩyɛ.
30. Ɛzɩma tɩyɛ Yosɛɛfʋ ha kɩɖaʋ kɩbaŋʋ hɔŋ ñʋndɩnaa sɔnɔ?
30 Ðɩnaɣ ɖɔɖɔ se Yosɛɛfʋ sɩnɩ Yesu nɛ ɛpaɣlɩ camɩyɛ tomnaɣ taa. Ɛsɩnɩ-ɩ nɛ ɛkɔɔ nɛ ɛpɩsɩ evebu weyi ɛsɩm ɛ-tɩ ɖɔkʋʋ yɔ, nɛ ɛwɛɛnɩ ɖɔɖɔ tomnaɣ taa kpeetaɣ. Pɩtasɩ lɛ, Yosɛɛfʋ sɩnɩ Yesu nɛ ɛwɛɛ niye nesi tɛɛ tʋmɩyɛ labʋ taa. Pʋyɔɔ lɛ, Bibl tɩyɔɔdɩ yem se Yesu kɛ “kafɩnda pɩyalʋ,” ɛlɛ kɩtɔm ɖɔɖɔ se ɛkɛ “kafɩnda.” (Mk. 6:3) Ye mbʋ, Yosɛɛfʋ falɩsɩ ɛ-pɩyalʋ camɩyɛ nɛ pɩwazɩ-ɩ. Pɩwɛɣ ɖeu se hɔŋ ñʋndɩnaa ɩmaɣzɩnɩ Yosɛɛfʋ, nɛ pasɩnɩ pe-piya tomnaɣ taa nɛ cee wayɩ lɛ, sɩɩpɩzɩ nɛ sɩcɔnɩ sɩ-maɣmaɣ sɩ-kɩcɛyɩm ɖeɖe.
31. (a) Paa pɩɩla, ɛzɩmtaa Yosɛɛfʋ sɩba? (Cɔnɩ ɖɔɖɔ aɖakaɣ.) (b) Nɛ kɩɖaʋ ŋgʋ ɛha-ɖʋ se ɖɩkpɛlɩkɩ?
31 Kpaɣnɩ alɩwaatʋ ndʋ Yesu kaawɛnɩ ɛzɩ pɩnzɩ 30 mbʋ yɔ nɛ pamɩyɩsɩ lɩm lɛ, Bibl tɩtasɩ yɔɔdʋʋ Yosɛɛfʋ tɔm. Ye mbʋ, pɩwɛ ɛzɩ Maarɩɩ kaakɛ lelu alɩwaatʋ ndʋ Yesu paɣzɩ tɔm susuu tʋmɩyɛ yɔ. (Cɔnɩ aɖakaɣ: “ Ɛzɩmtaa Yosɛɛfʋ sɩba?”) Ɛlɛ, Yosɛɛfʋ ha-ɖʋ kɩɖaʋ kɩbaŋʋ kpem mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ ɛɛkɛ caja weyi ɛkandɩyɩ ɛ-hɔʋ yɔɔ, ɛcɔnɩ kɩ-yɔɔ camɩyɛ nɛ ɛɖɔkɩ e-siɣsiɣ wɛtʋ kpam, pɩkɔɔ pɩsɩɩnɩ ɛ-sɩm wiye yɔ. Pɩwɛɛ se paa caja weyi, paa hɔʋ ñʋʋdʋ weyi, nɛ paa Krɩstʋ tʋ weyi lɛ, ɛñaɣ pana nɛ ɛmaɣzɩnɩ Yosɛɛfʋ tisuu.
^ tay. 4 Alɩwaatʋ ndʋ tɩ-taa lɛ, pamaɣzaɣ se ɛyʋ esu pɛlɛ yɔ, pɩwɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ ɛ nɛ ɩ pɔɖɔkɩ nesi yɔ.
^ tay. 8 “Tɩɩŋa” ŋga katɩkɛ tɩɩŋa maɣmaɣ; nɛ pɩtɩkɛ Ɛsɔ tiyini-kɛ ɖɔɖɔ. Pɩnaɣ kaɣlaa se Sataŋ ñɩnaɣna se ɛtɩŋnɩ hama nʋmɔʋ ŋgʋ kɩ-yɔɔ nɛ ɛkʋ Yesu.
^ tay. 11 Bibl wɩlɩɣ kpayɩ kpayɩ se pamɩyɩsɩ Yesu lɩm pʋcɔ nɛ ɛla “kajalaɣ kawɩlɩsɩ” yaa ɛ-kajalaɣ maamaaci lakasɩ.—Yoh. 2:1-11.


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Tɛtʋ wandamm (Continent)
Tɛtʋ wandamm wandamm ndʋ tɩ-yɔɔ ajɛya sakɩyɛ wɛɛ yɔ, tɩkpɛnda loɖo (6) kedeŋa kpeekpe yɔɔ cɩna.
Tɛtʋ wandamm waa ḿba, mbaa yɔ:
- Afrɩka tɛtʋ wandamm
- Eerɔpʋ tɛtʋ wandamm
- Amerika nɛ hayi nɛ Amerika nɛ hadɛ tɛtʋ wandamm
- Aazii tɛtʋ wandamm
- Osiyanii tɛtʋ wandamm
- Antarɩkɩtiki tɛtʋ wandamm
Ajɛya nɩɩnʋwa nɛ kagbaanzɩ (55) wɛna Afrɩka tɛtʋ wandamm taa. Ajɛya nɛɛlɛ nɛ lutozo (28) ñɛwɛna Eerɔpʋ tɛtʋ wandamm taa. Ajɛya hiŋ naanza nɛ kagbaanzɩ (45) wɛna Amerika nɛ hayi kiŋ nɛ piyele ajɛya hiu nɛ naanza (14) ñɛwɛɛ Amerika nɛ hadɛ kiŋ. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se ajɛya nɩɩnʋwa nɛ nakʋ (59) wɛna Amerika tɛtʋ wandamm taa. Piyele ajɛya hiŋ naanza nɛ loɖo (46) ñɛwɛɛ Aazii tɛtʋ wandamm taa. Osiyanii tɛtʋ wandamm taa lɛ, ajɛya nakʋ ñɛwɛna. Antarɩkɩtiki tɛtʋ wandamm taa ajɛya kɔzaa. Ajɛya naanza (4) ɖeke wɛna tɛtʋ wandamm ńdʋ tɩ-taa.
Kedeŋa kpeekpe tɛtʋ wandamm waa tɩŋa payɩ taa lɛ, Amerika tɛtʋ wandamm taa ajɛya kɩlɩ ɖɔʋ. Kɩ-wayɩ lɛ, Afrɩka tɛtʋ wandamm tɩŋ ajɛya ɖɔʋ nʋmɔʋ taa. Lɛɛlɛyɔ, ɖɩcɔna nɛ ɖɩna se tɛtʋ wandamm ndʋ kɩlɩ walanzɩ hɔɔlʋʋ taa.
Afrɩka tɛtʋ wandamm walanzɩ kɛ 30 415 873 km2. Amerika tɛtʋ wandamm walanzɩ ñɛkɛ miiliyɔɔ waa hiŋ naanza nɛ naalɛ (42) km2 nɛ pɩɖɛɛ pʋ-yɔɔ. Eerɔpʋ tɛtʋ wandamm walanzɩ ñɛkɛ 10 392 855 km2. Piyele Aazii tɛtʋ wandamm walanzɩ ñɛkɛ 43 810 582 km2. Antarɩkɩtiki tɛtʋ wandamm walanzɩ kɛ miiliyɔɔ waa hiu nɛ naanza (14) km2 nɛ pɩɖɛɛ pʋ-yɔɔ. Osiyanii tɛtʋ wandamm walanzɩ ñɛkɛ 8 525 989 km2. Yee mbʋ, ɖɩnaɣ se kedeŋa kpeekpe tɛtʋ wandamm waa loɖo mba pa-taa lɛ, Aazii tɛtʋ wandamm kɩlɩna walʋʋ. Lɛɛlɛyɔ, ɖɩcɔŋna nɛ ɖɩna se tɛtʋ wandamm waa mba pa-taa lɛ, ndʋ tɩ-taa ɛyaa kɩlɩ ɖɔʋ.
Pɩnaɣ 2016 taa lɛ, ɛyaa 1,2 miiliyaa waa kɛwɛna Afrɩka tɛtʋ wandamm taa. Pɩnaɣ ŋ́ga ka-taa lɛ, ɛyaa 324 miiliyɔɔ waa ñɛwɛ Amerika tɛtʋ wandamm taa nɛ ɛyaa 4.436 piiliyɔɔ (billion) waa ñɛwɛɛ Aazii tɛtʋ wandamm taa. Pɩnaɣ kanɛ ka-taa ɛyaa 739 081 202 pɛtɛma naʋ Eerɔpʋ tɛtʋ wandamm taa piyele nɛ pana ɛyaa 40 467 040 kɛ Osiyanii tɛtʋ wandamm taa. Antarɩkɩtiki tɛtʋ wandamm taa lɛ, patapɩzɩda patɩlɩ ɛyaa ñʋʋ.


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Kaborɔnɩ
Kaborɔnɩ kɛna Pɔcɩwaanaa ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ nɛ tɩwɛna ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ nɛ ɖɩ-wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩwɛ lɩm pɔɔ ŋga payaɣ se Nɔtiwani yɔ nɛ pɩmaɣna ɛzɩ kilomɛtanaa hiu nɛ kagbaanzɩ (15) nɛ Afrika nɛ Hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-taa azuluma wɛɛ kamaɣ fɛyɩ nɛ keteŋa kpeekpe taa ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩcɔŋna tɔnʊ taa alafiya yɔɔ cɔnaʊ yɔ, ɖɩtɔŋ se tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩkɛna natʊlɛ ndʊ kɛ keteŋa kpeekpe taa ndʊ tɩ-taa kɩla wɛʊ azuluma yɔ.
Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-walanzɩ landammm taa maɣna kilomɛtanaa 19,6 yaa ɛkɩtaarɩwaa 1 960. Pɩnaɣ 1971 taa paakalɩ ɛyaa lɛ pɛkpɛnda ɛyaa 18 799, pɩnzɩ hiu wayɩ lɛ palɩ ɛyaa 59 657, pɩnaɣ 1991 taa lɛ ɛyaa kpɛnda 133 468 pʊcɔ nɛ pɩnaɣ 2001 taa patalɩ ɛyaa 186 007. Pɩnzɩ naanza wayɩ lɛ palɩ ɛyaa 208 411. Pɩnaɣ 2010 taa pakalɩ kɩgalʊ kɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa lɛ, pɛkpɛnda ɛyaa 220 000.
Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ nɛ ajɛya lɛɛna taa tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ natʊyʊ panɩɣna ɖama nɛ palakɩ tʊma ndɩ ndɩ nɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa kɔyɔ: Västerås (Sʊyɛdɩ), Puribanki (Etaazuunii), Zhejiang, (Siini), Chongqing, (Siini). Payaɣ Kaborɔnɩ malika yɔɔ cɔnɩyʊ se Haskins Nkayigwa.


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Salvador Dalí
Palʊla Salvador Dalí kɛ agoza fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 11 pɩnaɣ 1904 kɛ Figera haɖaa taa, katalɔñɩ egeetiye taa, Ɛsɩpaañɩ ɛjaɖe taa. Salvador Dalí sɩba Figera tɛtʊ taa kɛ kɔlaɣ fenaɣ 23 wiye pɩnaɣ 1989 ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 84. Pɩnzɩ nzɩ sɩ-taa ɛlaba ɛ-tʊmɩyɛ camɩyɛ yɔ nzɩ lɛ 924 nɛ 1989 taa. Palʊla-ɩ lɛ payawaɣ-ɩ se Salvador Domingo Felipe Jacinto Dalí y Domènech pʊcɔ payaɣ-ɩ yem se Salvador Dalí. Ɛkɛ tɔlɩm tayʊ, anjaʊna lɩzɩʊ, sɩʊ kpelesi mayʊ, kɩlɛmɩŋ yaa fotonaa lɩzɩyʊ nɛ takayɩsɩ kɩkalɩsɩ mayʊ.
Lona wena a-taa ɛkɩula caaʊ nɛ ɛla ɛ-tʊma yɔ ana lɛ: Siŋgapuri, Tɛl-Aviv, Fransɩɩ, Maadridi, Etazunii, Ɛsɩpaañɩ. Payaɣe-caa se Salvador Dalí i Cusí (1872- 1952) nɛ e-ɖoo kɔyɔ Felipa Domènech Ferrés y Bom (1874-1921). Payaɣ ɛ-halʊ se Gala Dalí nɛ ɛ-na-ɩ pɩnsɩ 1934 nɛ 1982 kɛ palaba. Ɛkɛ weyi pakpaɣ ɛzɩ mba pɛwɛna kadadayaɣ lɩmaza pa-ñʊndaa yɔ nɛ ɛwɛ pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ XX taa saɣya nɛ tɔlɩm tayaa sɔsɔ pa-taa. Ɖooo ɛ-pɩcatʊ taa kɛ ɛsɔɔla maazɩm haʊ lɩmaaza. Pʊyɔɔ kɛ ɛkʊyɩ Figera nɛ ewolo Madridi se ɛla keɖeɣyaɣ tʊmɩyɛ. Peeɖe ɛɖʊ taabalɩɩ nɛ Federico García Lorca nɛ Luis Buñuel.
Ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 5 lɛ ɛ-ñɩma wona-ɩ ɛ-ɖalʊ pɩlaʊ yɔɔ, pawɩlɩ-kʊ nɛ peheyi-i se: ɛ-ɖalʊ weyi pepima peeɖe yɔ, pɩwɛ ɛzɩ e-ɖom yɔ. Ɛ-ɖalʊ ɛnʊ ɛsɩba lɛ paawɛna ɛ-hɔɔ nɛ payawaɣ-ɩ ɖɔɖɔ se Salvador. Tɔm piye nɖɩ ɖɩpazɩ ɖɩɖʊkɩna-ɩ siŋŋŋ nɛ ɛyɔɔdɩ se: « Palʊla-m ɖom. Paalʊla-m man-ɖalʊ lone taa, pɩha-ɩ camɩyɛ nɛ nɔɔyʊ ɛɛpɩzʊ ɛlabɩ-ɩ nabʊyʊ. Ɛcaɣ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-yɔɔ kɛ pɩnzɩ lʊbɛ pʊcɔ ɛ-ñʊʊ taa nimasi mʊʊ miŋ.» Ɛ-caa nɛ e-ɖoo pataakɩlɩ-ɩ nɛ ñaŋ nɛ petekizina-ɩ ɛ-lɩmaazɩyɛ naɖɩyɛ. E-ɖoo se ɛnʊ kaawɛna pɩnzɩ looɖo lɛ, ɛɛsɔɔla se ɛpɩsɩ kʊʊkʊ yaa tɩsɩyʊ nɛ ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ lʊbɛ lɛ ɛsɔɔlɩ se ɛpɩzɩ Napoléon nɛ pɩwayɩ kɛ mbʊ yɔ ɛ-lɩmaaza wɛɛ pɩkpaɣ ɖɔŋ nɛ pɩkpaɣ.


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Tibɛtii
Tibɛtii kɛna Aazii taa egeetiye naɖɩyɛ nɛ ɖɩ-taa pʊŋ kɩlɩna wɛʊ. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩwɛ pʊʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ-kʊ se Iimalaya yɔ kɩ-tɛ hayʊ kiŋ. Tɩ-ɛyaa maɣmaɣ wayɩ lɛ, mba payaɣ-wɛ se Monba yɔ pɛwɛ peeɖe pɩna Kiyaŋ nɛ Lobasɩ mba pɛwɛ ɖɔɖɔ peeɖe. Ɛyaa mba payaɣ-wɛ se Hansɩ nɛ Huwisi yɔ pɛwɛ peeɖe tɛtʊ taa siŋŋŋ.
Keteŋa kpeekpe taa Tibɛtii kɛŋna pʊʊ tɛndɛyɛm ŋgʊ kɩkɩla kʊyʊʊ yɔ nɛ kʊyɔɔ ɖɔɖɔ kɛ ɛyaa kɩla wɛʊ. Kʊ-kʊkʊyɩmɩŋ taa maɣna mɛtanaa 4 900. Tibbɛtii kɛna egeetiye nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa nɛ ageeta cikpena naatozo yɔ. Ageeta anaa yɔ: Ucaŋ, Amdo nɛ Kam. Tibɛtii walanzɩ taa wɛ ndɩ ndɩ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ yee pakpaɣ egeetiye nɖɩ payawaɣ-ɖɩ se Tibɛtɩi kɩpɩnɩʊ yaa Tibɛtii sɔsɔʊ kɔyɔ, pɩmaɣna ɛzɩ 2 500 000 km2 yɔ ɛlɛ yee pɩkɛ Tibɛtii kʊnɛ kɔyɔ, kʊkʊ walanzɩ taa ñɛwɛʊ ɛzɩ 1 221 600 km2 yɔ.
Tibɛtii egeetiye taa ɛsɔ sɛtʊ ndʊ pɛsɛʊ yɔ ndʊ lɛ Pudiyizimɩ nɛ Bön. Peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ malɩŋ nɛ kristʊ mba pɛwɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ.


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Mayɩnɛrɩyɔm
Mayɩnɛrɩyɔm (ɛ-yʊsaɣ mayaɣ kɔyɔ Mt), ɖɔɖɔ kɛlɛ pama-ɩ se mayɩnɛrɩyɔm, ɛkɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 109. Palaba-ɩ kajalaɣ ɖeɖe kɩyɛɛna fenaɣ taa pɩnaɣ 1982 pɩtɩŋna pesidina-ɩ nɛ 209Bi(58Fe,n)266Mt kɛ nazɩyʊ sɩɣlɩyaa yuŋ ñmba yɔɔ ñɩnɩyaa sukuli taa (GSI) Darmstadt Caama ɛjaɖɛ taa, nɛ paha-ɩ kpaagbaa hɩɖɛ pɩnaɣ 1997 pɩlɩna Lise Meitner hɩɖɛ ɖʊʊ yɔɔ.
Kɩyɛɛna fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 29 pɩnaɣ 1982 wɛɛ taa palaba kajalaɣ ɖeɖe kɛ mayɩnɛrɩyɔm pɩtɩŋna Caama ɛjaɖɛ taa ñɩnɩyaa ŋgbɛyɛ naɖɩyɛ yɔɔ nɛ ɖɩ-nɔɔ yɔɔ ɖɛyʊ kɔyɔ Peter Armbruster nɛ lɛlʊ yɔ Gottfried Münzenberg kɛ nazɩyʊ sɩɣlɩyʊ yuŋ ñɩmba yɔɔ ñɩnɩyaa sukuli taa Darmstadt tɛtʊ taa.
Hɩɖɛ mayɩnɛrɩyɔm palɩzɩ-ɖɩ se paɖʊna hɩɖɛ tomnasɩ nɛ lɛɣtʊ tʊmɩyɛ tʊ Lise Meitner, kɛlɛ pʊkɔna ntɔnjɔɔlɩyɛ pɩlɩna pʊtʊnaa 101 nɛ 109 papa hɩla yɔɔ, kɛlɛ UICPA la lɩmaɣza se paya-ɩ se unnilennium (Une) se pɩkɛ ɛ-hɩɖɛ pɩtɩŋna ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ yɔɔ. Kɛlɛ ntɔnjɔɔlɩyɛ nɖɩ pehiɣ ɖɩ-tɛ nɩnaʊ tɔm pɩnaɣ 1997 kɛlɛ pakpa hɩɖɛ nɖɩ nɔɔnɔɔ ɖɩzɩma yɔ.


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Cɛɛcɛ saʋ aleɣya
Cɛɛcɛ saʋ aleɣya kpeɣli a-taa lɩmaɣzɛɛ sakɩyɛ : Kajalaɣ taa lɛ, saʋ pʋnɛ pɩkɛ paa ɖooye tɛ tʋmɩyɛ cabɩ weziŋ caɣʋ taa. Pɩkɛna lɛlaa kɛ aleɣya pʋyʋ. Nɛ lɛlaa n̄akpa-pʋ ɛzɩ sɩpɔɔrɩ ŋgʋ pasaɣ cɛɛcɛ nɛ peseɣna-kʋ nɛ pilinzi ndɩ ndɩ taa yɔ.
Pilinzi nasɩ kɔyɔ: cɛɛcɛ saʋ sukuli nɛ cɛɛcɛ saʋ habɩyɛ yɔɔ nɛ cɛɛcɛ saʋ nʋmɔsɔkasɩ taa nɛ kadaɣ kaɖɛ n̄ɩŋga yɔɔ cɛɛcɛ saʋ nɛ cɛɛcɛ ŋgʋ pasaɣ-kʋ paa kadaɣ ŋga ka-taa yɔ (VTT), nɛ BMX, nɛ ɖaŋ taa cɛɛcɛ saʋ nɛ pɩtasɩna cɛɛcɛ saʋ sɔɔndʋ n̄ɩndʋ.
Cɛɛcɛ saʋ aleɣya sɩpɔɔrɩ kʋnɛ, kɩ-paɣtʋ tɩŋɛ lɩna kedeŋa kpeekpe ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ palɩza nɛ paya-ɖɩ se UCI (Kedeŋa kpeekpe cɛɛcɛ saʋ aleɣya ɖɩkpɛndɩyɛ).
Caama ɛjaɖɛ taa sɩʋ Karl Von Drai, lɩzɩna pɩnaɣ 1816 ñɩŋga taa aleɣya saʋ wonuu ŋgʋ payaɣ se tɩrɛzɩyɛɛnɩ (draisienne) yɔ, nɛ pakpaɣ-kʋ ɛzɩ kɩpaɣlaa wonuu yɔ.
Abalʋ ɛnɛ, ɛlɩza mbʋ yɔ, pɩsɩɣna ɛyʋ se piwoa-ɩ ɖoli. Tɩrɛzɩyɛɛnɩ kɛwɛna pɔbɔla naalɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ cɛɛcɛ yɔ. Ɛyʋ sɩɣ ɛ-nɩŋgbanzɩ tɛtʋ yɔɔ nɛ etuyuu cɛɛcɛ kʋnɛ kutuyu.
Parii tɛtʋ taa pacalɩ lubu tɩrɛzɩyɛɛnɩ. Puluba-kʋ ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ kagbaanzɩ ñɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1818 taa. Pɩnaɣ 1869 taa lɛ, cɛɛcɛnaa mba potusuu ɛyaa nɔmɔŋ yaa pakpakɩɣ wondu yɔ pɔ-n̄ɔɔzɩyʋ Pierre Michaux nɛ ɛ-pɩyalʋ Ernest papasɩ lubu kajalaɣ cɛɛcɛnaa mba pɛwɛna fɛyɩ nɛ ŋcɔzɩ yɔ. Pierre Michaux ya-wɛ size ''pédivelles'' waa.


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Kpɛdɩsʋʋ (Risque)
Kpɛdɩsʋʋ kɛna mbʋ ɛyʋ tasʋʋna yɔ. Ɛyʋ ɛtɩlɩ nɛ pɩcɔ pɩtalɩɣ. Kpɛdɩsʋʋ tɔbʋʋ lɩzʋʋ yaa taa nɩʋ wɛ ndɩ ndɩ pɩlɩɩnaa ɛyaa sakɩyɛ nɩʋ lɔŋ yaa lɛɣtʋ taa. Kpɛdɩsʋʋ tɔm piye ɖɩnɛ, ɖɩpɩzɩɣ ɖɩkɛ nabʋyʋ taa kɛ tɩ lɩzʋʋ pɩyʋ ɛzɩ payaʋ nɛ fransɩ kʋnʋŋ taa sɩ «avéré».
Papɩzʋʋ pɔtɔ ɖɔɖɔ sɩ kpɛdɩsʋʋ kɛna fɩya pɩyʋ wɛɖʋ tobi lɛ, pamana fransɩ kʋnʋŋ taa size «potentiel». Tɔm piye kʋɖʋmɖɩyɛ nɖɩ, ɖɩtɔbʋʋ ɖɔɖɔ palɩza size ɖɩkɛ n̄ɩyʋ yaa kɩn̄ɩnɩʋ. Ɛlɛ, kɩn̄ɩnɩʋ ŋgʋ pamana fransɩ kʋnʋŋ taa size «émergent» yaa ɖeɖe pɩyʋ yɔ.
Ɖeɖe pɩyʋ kɛna mbʋ patatɩyɩ tɩlɩ taa yɔ nɛ paya pʋ yaa pamana fransɩ kʋnʋŋ taa size «future» yɔ. Pɩkɛ cee tɔm ndʋ pɩtatɩyɩ talɩ taa yɔ. Ɖɩcɔna camɩyɛ kɔyɔ, ɖɩnaɣ size alɩwaatʋ taa lɛ, kɛkpɛdɩsɩ sakɩyɛ nasɩyɛ wɛ nɛ sɩmʋkɩ yaa siyeki labʋ.
Ɛzɩma ɛnʋʋ sɩzɩ kɛkpɛdɩsɩ nasɩyɛ ɖɩɩna mʋʋ lɛ yaa yeba labʋ lɛ, lɛɛsɩ kɩfasɩ ɖɩɩna labʋ nɛ ɖɔlɔŋ sɩ ɖɩwabɩnazɩ wɛ ɖɔɖɔ nɛ pɩkpaɣ ɖoŋ kpaʋ yɔ. Lɛɣtʋ yaa sakɩyɛ sɔzʋʋ sɔzʋʋ yɔ nɛ ɛyʋ wɛ nɛ ɛ-ɖɛʋ na ɛsɩndaa.
Ɛyʋ wɛ nɛ ɛwɛʋ lɛɣtʋ ɖɔɖɔ sɩŋŋ nɛ ɛwakɩna kɛkpɛdɩsɩ kɩfasɩ nɛ kɩpɩnzɩ sakɩyɛ. Kɛkpɛdɩsɩ wɛ ndɩ ndɩ, pɩtɔbʋʋ sɩze sɩɖɔ siŋŋ yaa sɩfɛyɩ kalɩɣ. Ɛlɛ, nabɛyɛ wɛ nɛ payaɣ wɛ size miŋ ɖiziyaa yaa azɛyʋ ɖiziyaa.
Miŋ ɖiziyaa yaa azɛyʋ ɖiziyaa panɛ, paya wɛ nɛ fransɩ kʋnʋŋ taa size "pompiers". Mba paa ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ lɛ ɖi-kewiyaɣ lɩza size pɔcɔna na lɛɣtʋ kɛkpɛdɩsɩ kpeekpe yɔɔ. Miŋ ɖiziyaa panɛ, paya wɛ kɛkpɛdɩsaɣ nakɛyɩ ɖeɖe yɔ, peseu na saɣ nɛ powolo.
Paayaa miŋ ɖiziyu nɛ pɛhɛyɩ-ɩ. Kewiyaɣ hɛyʋ na-ɩ. Miŋ ɖiziyaa wɛna lɔɔɖa wena palabɩna pa-tʋmɩyɛ nɖɩ yɔ. Ɖajaa sɔsɔ Christian Huygens calɩna maʋ tɔm kɛ kɛkpɛdɩsɩ yɔɔ kɛ pɩnaɣ 1657 n̄ɩŋga taa.


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Peruu
Peruu kɛna Amerika nɛ hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ ajɛya wena acɔèɖɩ nɛ ata y; oana yɔ: Ekuwatɛɛrɩ, Kolombii, Pireziili, Polivi, Silii nɛ Pasifiki Lɩŋamʋʋ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ dɩ-walanzɩ taa wɛ 1 285 220 km2. Pɩnaɣ 2008 taa pakɩlɩ peeɖe ɛyaa lɛ pɛkpɛnda miliyɔɔwaa 29,1.
Peruu ɛjaɖɛ ta tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ paaɣ se Lima nɛ tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-taa ɖeke ɛyaa kpɛnda miliyɔɔnaa nakʊ. Lima tɛtʊ ndʊ, ndʊ tɩkɩlɩna paɣlʊʊ nɛ tɩ-taa ɖɔɖɔ kɛ tɔsʊʊ nɛ ɛsɩntaa wobu kɩla wɛʊ.
Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina ɖɔŋ paɣtʊ ndʊ paaɖʊ-tʊ ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1993. Peruu kɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖi ɖɩwɛna hɔɔlɩŋ 24 ɛlɛ komina cɩyɩ kɩ-tɩ nɛ tʊma sɔsɔna wɛɛ paa egeetiye nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa. Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pɔyɔɔdɩɣ yɔ ŋgʊ lɛ Ɛsɩpaañɔlɩ nɛ pʊwayɩ lɛ Kesuwa nɛ Ayimara.


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Confucius
Confucius (Siini kɛlɛʊ taa lɛ孔子 ; pinyin kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ, Kǒng Zǐ ; Wade taa lɛ, K'ung³-tzu³), palʊla-ɩ salaŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 28 pɩnaɣ 551 pʊcɔ palʊlɩ Yesuu Krɩstʊ Zou tɛtʊ nɛ ɛsɩ agoza fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 11 pɩnaɣ 479 pʊcɔ palʊlɩ Yeesu Krɩstʊ Qufu tɛtʊ taa pɩkɛ Shandong kewiyaɣ tɛtʊ hɔɔlʊʊ taa, ɛɛkɛ ɛyʊ yɔɔ lɩmaɣza tʊmɩyɛ tʊ Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛ-hɩɖɛ sɔsɔyɛ yɔ Kong nɛ cikpeɖe yɔ Qui, ɛyaa sakɩyɛ ya-ɩ se Zhongni. Ɛkɛ tɔm kɛdɩtʊ ɛyʊ sɔdʊ kpem Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa, nɛ ɛkɛ kajalaɣ wɩlɩyʊ Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa peeɖe.
Walaa taa lɛ paya-ɩ se Kǒngzǐ (孔子) yaa Kǒng Fūzǐ (孔夫子) kɛ Siini ɛyaa cɔlɔ nɛ pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se wɩlɩyʊ Kong nɛ papɩsɩ-ɖɩ latɛŋ kʊnʊŋ taa se Confucius pɩtɩŋna Yeesu ɛgbaɣtɩnaa yɔɔ. Koree ɛyaa ya-ɩ se Kong-ja, Sapɔŋ tɩnaa se Kôshi, Fɩyɛtɩnam ñɩma se Khổng Tử.
Ɛ-hɩɖɛ keeke kɛlɛ Kong Qiu (孔丘), nɛ ɛyaa kpeekpe nɔsɩ taa hɩɖɛ kɔyɔ Zhongni (仲尼). Ɖɔɖɔ ñamtʊ yɔɔ paya-ɩ se Kongfuzi (孔夫子), yaa kɛlɛʊ taa lɛ, Kongzi (孔子). Papɩsɩ-ɖɩ Confucius ɖɩɖɩ ñalɩna Kongfuzi, poluba-ɖɩ kpaɣɖʊ 16 alɩwaatʊ taa pɩtɩŋna Yeesu ɛgbaɣtɩnaa mba paatɩyɩ-wɛ Siini ɛjaɖɛ, nɛ pɩkɛ ɛzɩ koŋ lɛ Matteo Ricci yana-ɩ-ɖɩ.
Kong liɖe kaalɩna Song ɛjaɖɛ taa kɛnɛ. Ɛ-cɔzɔ kaakɛ Song ɛjaɖɛ taa you tʊmɩyɛ lɩm ɖʊyʊ, KongFu Jia. Pʊwayɩ pakʊ ɛnɛ ɛnʊ lɛ, ɛ-pɩyalʊ Fang Shu wolo ɛmɛlɩ Lu ɛjaɖɛ taa, peeɖe ɛlaba sɔɔjɛtʊ tʊmɩyɛ piŋ. Ɛ-pɩyalʊ Shu Lianghe tɩŋɩ ɛ-nɔmɔʊ ɖɔɖɔ nɛ ɛla sɔɔjɛtʊ tʊmɩyɛ piŋ. Hɔʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-ɛyaa kaakɛ yoyaa siŋ nɛ Confucius ɛnʊ kɛna Shu Lianghe pɩɣa, kɔɔ ɛpɩsɩ kajalaɣ tʊ weyi ekiza hɔzɩŋ tɔm yɔ.


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Pɔɔlɩ maɖʋ
Pɔɔlɩ maɖʋ kɛ kpɛndʋ tɛ amʋʋza kpɛm n̄ɩna. Paalɩ payaɣ ɖɔɖɔ size pom pom. Paalɩ kʋnɛyɔ, kɩ-taa nɛ helim ɖo, pamakɩ kʋ nɛ naŋgbaŋzɩ. Kadaɣ nakayɩ yɔɔ maɖaa tɛyʋ ɖama hɔlɩŋ nɩɩlɛ hadɛ nɛ hayi, hiu nɛ kʋɖʋm hiu nɛ kʋɖʋm, pɩpɩzɩɣ pɩkɛna n̄ɩtʋ kadaɣ ŋga pɛhɛ-kɛ kɩhɛʋ nɛ tɔlɩm yɔ. Pʋpɔsaɣ mbʋ siŋŋ yɔ, mbʋ yɔ size paɣ hɔlʋʋ maɖaa mb́a lɛ, pɛcɛɩ pa-tɩ nɛ paɖʋ kooli ɛzɩ payaɣʋ size kpaaɖɛ yɔɔ maɖaa hɔlʋʋ lɛkʋ. Paalɩ naŋgbaŋzɩ n̄ɩŋgʋ kʋnɛyɔ, kɩlɛɛ pazɩɣ ɖoo lɔŋ Iŋglɩsɩ mba tɛ ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʋ taa.
Pɩnaɣ 2006 taa lɛ, kedeŋa yɔ maɖaa katɛma talʋʋ ɛzɩ 264 miiliyɔɔ yɔ. Ɖɩcɔna ajɛɛ sakɩyɛ taa payɩ kɔyɔ, naŋgbaŋzɩ paalɩ kɛna kɔɔnɔɔ tɛ spɔɔɖɛ aleɣya n̄ɩŋgʋ ŋgʋ kɩkɛ sɩpɔɔrɩ sɔsɔʋ yɔ. Ɖɩkpaɣ kedenzi sɩnɛ yɔ : kedeŋa Afrika tɛtʋ, nɛ kedeŋa Amerika tɛtʋ, nɛ kedeŋa Eerɔpʋ tɛtʋ kɔyɔ, sɩkɛ kedenzi nsɩ naŋgbaŋzɩ pom pom mabʋʋ spɔɖɛ tɔyɩɩna pɩkɩlɩ yɔ. Sɩpɔɔrɩ ŋgʋ kʋtɔyaa mbʋ yɔ kɩmabʋ fɛyɩ na tʋkasɩ pʋɖɔɔ nɛ mbʋ ŋwɛna nɛ pɩcɔ ŋma yɔ pʋtɔɖɔ kuu. Ɖɩkpaɣ fenaɣ takayaɣ kɔyɔ, ɖɩ-naɣ size pɛtɛyɩ ka-mazɩtʋ hɔlɩŋ nɩɩlɛ : maɖaa akpeɣla hɔlʋʋ nɛ ajɛɛ maɖaa hɔlʋʋ lɛkʋ. Kedeŋa kpeekpe paalɩ naŋgbaŋzɩ ŋgʋ mabʋ kʋjɔʋ ajɛɛ kpeekpe tɛ mazɩtʋ ndʋ tɩkɩlaɣ leleŋ pɩŋŋ yɔ. Paa pɩnsɩ nanaaza nsɩ wayɩ lɛ pamakaa paalɩ naŋgbaŋzɩ n̄ɩŋʋ kʋjɔʋ ŋgʋ, pɩkɔ pɩsɩna pɩnaɣ 1930 (ɛlɛ pataama pɩnzɩ sɩnɛyɔ 1938 nɛ 1950 sɩ-taa).
Mazɩtʋ ndɩ nɖɩ wɛ nɛ pɩcɛlɩnaɣ nɩnaʋ angba wena akpelaɣ ɖama hɔlɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ taa ajɛɛ taa nɛ amakɩ paalɩ ɖɔɖɔ yɔ. Hɔlɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ paalɩ maɖaa akpeɣla, wɛna masɩtʋ natʋyʋ nɛ payaɣ tʋ size wabʋtʋ ŋgbɛ nɛ ɖiloyisi kɔyɔ : UEFA. Ɛzɩma ɛnʋsɩ Erɔpɩ ɖɛ nɔɔ paalɩ mabʋ hɔlʋʋ taa yɔ lɛ, peɖe pamakɩ kʋ. Spɔɖɛ hɔlʋʋ taa lɛ, samtʋ nimiye nɖɩ paa maɖaa mba lɛ pakɩlʋ n̄ɩnʋ.


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William Petty
William Petty, palʊla-ɩ Romsey kɛ Hampshire Aŋglɩtɛɛrɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa agoza fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 27 pɩnaɣ 1623 alɩwaatʊ taa nɛ ɛsɩ Lɔndrɩ tɛtʊ taa saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 16 pɩnaɣ 1687 taa. Ɛɛkɛ tɔsʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ tʊ, ɛkɛ tɩlɩyɛ tʊ, ɖɔkɔtɔ lɔnsɩɖɛ tʊ ɛkɛ mansʊʊmalɩ ɛyʊ, ɛkɛ paɣtʊ lɩzɩyaa taa ɛyʊ nɔyʊ nɛ kewiyaɣ ŋgbɛyɛ taa ɛyʊ ɖɔɖɔ kɛ Pritaniki ɛjaɖɛ taa.
Palɩlɩ William Petty kɛ hɔʊ yɔɔ yɔɔ ñɩŋgʊ taa. Ɛkɛ pɩɣa ŋga kɛwɛ ŋñɩɩ ɛlɛ kɛwɛ lɔŋ yɔ. Evebu mbʊ yɔ lɛ, ɛtɩ pazɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ kpakpasɩ kpaʊ mɛlɛnaa taa taa. Ɛtalɩ pɩnzɩ 14 lɛ, ɛɖanɩɣ pazɩ sukuli Yeesuu Krɩstʊ ŋgbɛyɛ taa mba cɔlɔ kɛ Caen Mont tɛ kɔlɛzɩ taa. Ɛkpɛlɛkɩ Latɛŋ kʊnʊŋ, krɛkɩ kʊnʊŋ nɛ Fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ nɛ ɖɔɖɔ lɛɣtʊ tʊma nɛ ɛsɔta tɩyɩnzɩ yɔɔ tʊma ɖɔɖɔ. Pʊwayi lɛ, ɛpɩsɩ Ɛnglɩsɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa.
Pɩnaɣ 1643 taa, kajalaɣ ɛnglɩsɩ samaɣ hɛkʊ taa you kpɛzɩɣ ɛ-kalɩzaɣ nɛ ɛɖɛɛ ewolo ɛcaɣ Peyibaa ɛjaɖɛ taa, peeɖe ɛkpɛlɛka tomnaɣ pilinzi tʊmɩyɛ. Ɛpɩsɩ Hobbes tʊmɩyɛ tɩnaa tɛ takayaɣ taa mayʊ kɛ Amsterdam ɛjaɖɛ taa, peeɖe ɛkatʊʊ Descartes, Gassendi nɛ Mersenne. Ɖama hɛkʊ taa you tɛma wayi lɛ, ɛpɩsɩ Oxford tɛtʊ taa pɩnaɣ 1646 nɛ ɛpaɣzɩ ɖɔkɔtɔ tʊmɩyɛ sukuli. Pʊwayɩ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, ɛsʊʊ lɔnsɩɖaa ŋgbɛyɛ taa kɛ Londres tɛtʊ taa. Pʊkɔma pɩnaɣ 1651 taa lɛ, ɛpɩsɩ wɩlɩyʊ sɔsɔ Oxford tɛtʊ taa tomnasɩ pilinzi kpɛlɛkʊʊ nɔmɔʊ taa nɛ miziiki tʊmɩyɛ kɛ Lɔndrɩ.
Pɩpɩsɩ pɩnaɣ 1652 alɩwaatʊ taa lɛ, ɛsʊʊ Oliver Cromwell sɔɔjɔnaa taa kɛ Irlande ɖenɖe ɛkɛ ɖɔkɔtɔ sɔsɔ. Ɛzɩma ɛtɔlɩ wɩlɩtʊ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ eyele ɖɔɖɔ nɛ ɛkpaɣ tɩlɩyɛ kɩfaɖɛ ndɩ Francis Bacon lɩza yɔ yebe puposina-ɩ nɛ Oxford tɛtʊ. Pɩnaɣ 1654 alɩwaatʊ taa lɛ, ɛmʊ liidiye takayaɣ Irlande ɛjaɖɛ taa, Down Survey kɛlɛ mbʊ yɔ, pɩnaɣ 1656 kɛtɛma. Tʊmɩyɛ ndɩ ɖɩpɔzʊʊ se Cromwell ɛhɛyɩ e-liidiye kɩndɩyaa nɛ tɛtʊ. William Petty wɛna ɖɔɖɔ se pɛhɛyɩ tɛtʊ. Petty mʊ acre yaa ɖɩpɩzɩɣ ɖɩtɔɔ ɖa-kʊnʊŋ taa hayɩm naa 30000 nɛ Irlande nɛ hadɛ yɔɔ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ kiŋ nɛ takayasɩ 9000.


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Taakarɩ
Taakarɩ kɛnɛ Senegali ɛjaɖe taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ ndʊ tɛt-taa komina tʊma sʊsɔna wɛɛ yɔ nɛ peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ palakɩ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-tɛ politiki kediizasɩ sɔsɔsɩ payɩ.Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-walanzɩ taa makɩɣna kilomɛtanaaagbaba 83. Pɩnaɣ 2011 lɛ, pakalɩ ɛyaa kpeekpe kɛ Taakarɩ tɛtʊ tunɛ tɩ-taa lɛ, pɛkpɛndɩ ɛyaa miloyɔɔna 3 215255.
Ɖooo Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ kaawɛɛ nɛ ɖɩkpacayʊʊ Afrika wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa ajɛya lɛ, Taakarɩ tɛtʊ Fransɩɩ mba kaalɩza se tɩkɛna tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa palakɩ ketiizasi sʊzɔtʊ yɔ. Pɩtɛ alɩwaatʊ taa, pɩnaɣ 1970 paakalɩ kɩgalʊ lɛ ɛyaa kaakpɛnda kutokiŋ 400 000. Mbʊ pɩlaba nɛ ɛyaa pazɩ pohuu kpem yɔ mbʊ lɛ se kacalaɣ taa lɛ, ɛyaa lʊlʊʊ nɛ nabʊlɛ taa lɛ se ɛyaa evebiya nɛ pɛlaa pakʊyʊ ageeta ndɩ ndɩ taa nɛ pʊŋ taa nɛ powoki Taakarɩ tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-taa se paahiu tʊma nɛ pala.
Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩcɔ Taakarɩ ñɩndʊ nɛ tɩta yɔ ndʊ yɔ: hadɛ kiŋ lɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ lɩm cɔ-tʊ nɛ pɩta nɛ payaɣ-tʊ se Goree yɔ ndʊ wɛna, hayʊ kiŋ lɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ lɩm cɔ-tʊ nɛ pɩtaa ɖɔɖɔ nɛ payaɣ-tʊ se Ŋgori yɔ piyele nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa lɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ lɩm cɔ-tʊ pɩta ɖɔɖɔ nɛ payaɣ-tʊ se Madelɛnɩ yɔ ndʊ ñɛwɛna kamaɣ yɔɔ.
Taakarɩ nɛ ajɛyaa nayɛ taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ natʊyʊ paɖʊ taabalɩyɛ nɛ palakɩ tʊma se pɛ-tɛtʊ ɛɖɛ nɛ ɛsɩnda. Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa kɔyɔ: Yerusalɛm nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa tɛtʊ, Pakʊ (Azɛrbayɩjanɩ), Pamako (Maalii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ, ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1974), Panzuli ([[Kambii (Gambie)|Kambii), Pisawo (Kinee-Pisaʋ), Pɩrazaviili (Koŋgo), Kazabalnka (Marɔkɩ), Tuwala (Kameruni), Kinsasa (Koŋgo Temokiratiki ɛjaɖɛ), Marisɛyɩ (Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1978)Milanɩ (Itali), Oranɩ (Alizeeri), Niyame (Nizɛrɩ) Pirayiya (Kapʊ-Vɛrɩ), Sifakɩsɩ (Tunizi, ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1965), Tɛpeyi (Tayiwani).


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1 Ɔwʋlɛ gyankpaasa mʋ nɩɩ Pɔɔlɩ kyʋrɔɔ naa sa
Korinto abi
1
Afwaala
1 Ɔwʋlɛ nɩmʋ lɩɩ mɛ, Pɔɔlɩ mʋ nɩɩ Ɩbwaarɛ bɔla mu kebiti sʋ tɩɩ mɛ, fɛɛ n ba waa Yesu Krisito osunpu, yɛ anɛ bɩrɩsa Sositini asɛ.
2 An kyʋrɔɔ kɩmʋ an sa fanɛ Krisito kʋbʋ mʋ nɩɩ fan bʋ Korinto kadɛ tɔ, fanɛ mʋ nɩɩ Yesu tɩɩ ba waa mʋ lɛɛ, nɩɩ fan ba biliŋi Ɩbwaarɛ asa, taa bʋga yɛ bamʋ nɩɩ ba bʋ katɩn kʋmaa nɩmʋ bee sun anɛ‐Nyɩrɩpɛ Yesu Krisito, mʋ nɩɩ ɔ gyɛ anaa bamʋ kpini Ɔnyɩrɩpɛ mʋ.
3 Anɛ‐Sɛ Ɩbwaarɛ yɛ anɛ‐Nyɩrɩpɛ Yesu Krisito ba bwaala fanɛ kɛ ba sa fanɛ kayɩɩ yuuli.
Pɔɔlɩ ɩ fwaala Ɩbwaarɛ
4 Saŋa kʋmaa nɩmʋ n fwaala Ɩbwaarɛ n sa fanɛ lɩɩ kabwaala mʋ nɩɩ ɔ bɔla Yesu Krisito sʋ taa sa fanɛ mʋ. 5 Kpalɩ fɛɛ fan maa bʋ Yesu Krisito tɔ sʋ mʋ, fan dan kʋtɔ kʋmaa nɩmʋ tɔ lɩɩ fanɛ katɔwɛ yɛ fanɛ kinyi tɔ. 6 Lɩɩ fɛɛ Yesu Krisito asɩn mʋ nɩɩ an lɛɛ tɔwɛ fanɛ mʋ ɩ kyɩna fanɛ tɔ danbɩrasa. 7 Ɩmʋ sʋ fan man pan Ɩbwaarɛ Kayaayu kakɛɛ mʋ kʋkʋ, fɛɛ fan maa tɛ fan gyoo saŋa mʋ nɩɩ Ɩbwaarɛ ii biti ɔ ba lɛɛ anɛ‐Nyɩrɩpɛ Yesu Krisito kaapʋ mʋ. 8 Mʋ ii biti ɔ waa fanɛ ɔlʋn tɔ kanɩn naa fʋʋ ɔkaa, kɛ fanɛ n‐yɩɩ sʋ ɩ man nyɛ alibi akʋ, kakɛ mʋ nɩɩ anɛ‐Nyɩrɩpɛ Yesu Krisito ii biti o bwii ba mʋ. 9 Ɩbwaarɛ mʋ nɩɩ ɔ tɩɩ fanɛ yɛ fan naa mu‐bii Yesu Krisito mʋ fan ba waa kɩkyɛmɩnɛ ɔkɔn mʋ, mʋ ɩ gyɛ ɔmʋ nɩɩ ɛɛ tɔwɛ nɩɩ ɔ mɛɛ lɩɩ ɩmʋ kamaa.
Krisito kʋbʋ mʋ
tɔ nbarɩgɛ tɔ asɩn
10 Mɛ‐daa ana yɛ mi‐supu ana, n sʋ anɛ‐Nyɩrɩpɛ Yesu Krisito kɩtɩɩ, n kʋlɛ fanɛ fɛɛ, fanɛ kpini fan tɔwɛ kyula abaa, kɛ nbarɩgɛ tɔ kʋ ɩ man ba fanɛ tɔ. Kɛ fan waa kɔnɔ kʋlʋn fanɛ nfɛɛrɛ tɔ yɛ kʋtɔ kʋmaa nɩmʋ tɔ. 11 Mɛ‐daa ana yɛ mi‐supu ana, Kilowe kɩkpaara sʋ abi akʋ ba ba tɔwɛ mɛ yɛ, nluu ɩ bʋ fanɛ nsana. 12 Kʋtɔ mʋ nɩɩ n tɔwɛ mʋ ɩ gyɛ yɛ fanɛ tɔ ɔkʋ ɩɩ tɔwɛ yɛ, “N buu Pɔɔlɩ.” Nɩɩ ɔkʋ mɔɔ yɛ, “Mɛɛ mɛ n buu Apolosi”, nɩɩ ɔnɩmʋ mɔɔ yɛ, “Mɛɛ mɛ n buu Pita.” Nɩɩ ɔkʋ gbaa yɛ, “Mɛɛ mɛ n buu Krisito nɩn.”
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Ba barɩgɛ Krisito tɔ waa kʋbʋ‐kʋbʋ nɩn abɛɛ? Pɔɔlɩ nɩɩ ba da oyu laasa sʋ sa fanɛ abɛɛ? Abɛɛ Pɔɔlɩ kɩtɩɩ tɔ nɩɩ ba gyee fanɛ Ɩbwaarɛ kekyugyee? 14
N sʋ afwaala n sa Ɩbwaarɛ fɛɛ n maa man gyee fanɛ ɔkʋ Ɩbwaarɛ kekyugyee, amɔɔ Krisipu*
maa Gayusi nkʋn nɩɩ n gyee. 15
Ɩmʋ sʋ ɔkʋ mɛɛ taalɛ tɔwɛ yɛ mɛ kɩtɩɩ tɔ nɩɩ ba gyee mʋ Ɩbwaarɛ kekyugyee. 16
N bɩla n nyiŋi fɛɛ n maa gyee Sitefen maa mʋ kɩkpaara sʋ abi Ɩbwaarɛ kekyugyee. Ɩnɩmʋ kamaa mʋ, n mɛɛ bɩla nyiŋi fɛɛ n gyee ɔkʋ. 17
Lɩɩ fɛɛ Krisito man sun mɛ yɛ n ba gyee asa Ɩbwaarɛ kekyugyee. Amaa o sun mɛ nɩn yɛ n ba tɔwɛ asɩn danbɩrasa mʋ sa asa, nɩɩ ɩ man gyɛ nyɩmɩsa kanyaasɩn nɩɩ n sʋ n tɔwɛ, kɛ ɩ naa ba fɛɛ Krisito kelewu mʋ nɩɩ o wu oyu laasa sʋ asɩn mʋ ɩ pan ɩmʋ ɔlʋn.
Krisito ɩ gyɛ Ɩbwaarɛ ɔlʋn
yɛ kanyaasɩn
18 Krisito oyu laasa mʋ sʋ kelewu asɩn mʋ, ɩ gyɛ amelensi‐sɩn sa bamʋ nɩɩ ba bʋ kemuuri ɔkpa sʋ mʋ. Amaa anɛ mʋ nɩɩ Ɩbwaarɛ ɩɩ mɔlɩgɛ mʋ, asɩn maŋa ɩ gyɛ Ɩbwaarɛ ɔlʋn mʋ. 19 Lɩɩ fɛɛ Ɩbwaarɛ tɔwɛ Asɩnkyan yɩlasa mʋ tɔ yɛ,
“N biti n nyita anyaasɩnpʋ kanyaasɩn,
kɛ n yɛgɛ anyipu kinyi ɩ waa kɩyan.”
20
Nɩɩ ɩ gyɛ kanan bɩrɛ mʋ dulinyaa nɩmʋ tɔ ɔnyaasɩnpʋ bʋ fɩnɛ? Nɩɩ ɔwʋlɛ‐nyipu bʋ fɩnɛ? Abɛɛ ɔkaapʋpʋ bɩlɩsa asɛ mʋ bʋ fɩnɛ? Ɩbwaarɛ man kaapʋ fɛɛ dulinyaa nɩmʋ tɔ kanyaasɩn gyɛ amelensi‐sɩn mʋ asɛ nɩn abɛɛ? 21
Lɩɩ mʋ Ɩbwaarɛ kanyaasɩn mʋ tɔ mʋ, o ŋmina yɩla fɛɛ, dulinyaa asa ba mɛɛ taalɛ bɔla bamʋ kanyaasɩn sʋ bɩɩ mʋ. Amaa ɩ gyɛ Ɩbwaarɛ kɩpɩrɛ sʋ fɛɛ, ɔ bɔla asɩn mʋ nɩɩ asa bɛɛ kɩɩ fɛɛ ɩ gyɛ amelensi‐sɩn mʋ nɩɩ an tɔwɛ falɛ mʋ sʋ mɔlɩgɛ bamʋ nɩɩ bɛɛ kɔɔlɛ bee gyii mʋ. 22
Asɩn mʋ ɩ gyɛ amelensi‐sɩn sa bamʋ, lɩɩ fɛɛ Gyiwu abi bɛɛ kɩɩ bee biti asɩn kyinkyinsa, nɩɩ Giriki abi mɔɔ bɛɛ kɩɩ bee biti kanyaasɩn. 23
Amaa anɛɛnɛ bɩrɛ an tɔwɛ Yesu Krisito kelewu oyu laasa mʋ sʋ asɩn, nɩɩ ɩmʋ ɩ gyɛ asɩn mʋ nɩɩ ii tii Gyiwu abi ɔkpa, nɩɩ ba mɛɛ kɔɔlɛ bee gyii, nɩɩ ɩ bɩla ɩ gyɛ amelensi‐sɩn sa bamʋ nɩɩ ba man gyɛ Gyiwu abi mʋ. 24
Amaa bamʋ nɩɩ Ɩbwaarɛ tɩɩ ba kamɔlɩgɛ mʋ tɔ bɩrɛ, bɛ gyɛ Gyiwu abi nɩn oo, ba man gyɛ Gyiwu abi†
nɩn oo, asɩn mʋ nɩɩ ɩ bʋ tɔ ɩ gyɛ yɛ Krisito ɩ gyɛ Ɩbwaarɛ ɔlʋn yɛ Ɩbwaarɛ kanyaasɩn. 25
Lɩɩ fɛɛ Ɩbwaarɛ amelensi‐sɩn mʋ ɩ kyɔ nyɩmɩsa kanyaasɩn, nɩɩ Ɩbwaarɛ kapɔɔsɛ ɩ sʋ ɔlʋn ɩ kyɔ nyɩmɩsa ɔlʋn.
26 Mɛ‐daa ana yɛ mi‐supu ana, fan nyiŋi kanan mʋ nɩɩ fan daa fan du pɔyɩ nɩɩ Ɩbwaarɛ tɩɩ fanɛ ba kamɔlɩgɛ mʋ tɔ mʋ. Kanan saŋa maŋa nyɩmɩsa ansi sʋ mʋ, fanɛ tɔ gbɛrɛɛ kʋ ɩ gyɛ anyaasɩnpʋ, nɩɩ gbɛrɛɛ kʋ ɩ gyɛ alʋnpʋ, nɩɩ gbɛrɛɛ kʋ ɩ lɩɩ kuwura‐gyii kebunɔ. 27 Amaa atɔ mʋ nɩɩ dulinyaa asa bɛɛ kɩɩ yɛ ɩ gyɛ amelensi‐sɩn mʋ, ɩmʋ nɩɩ Ɩbwaarɛ lɛɛ taa gyila dulinyaa tɔ anyaasɩnpʋ ipeeli. Nɩɩ atɔ mʋ nɩɩ ɩ man bʋlʋn dulinyaa nɩmʋ tɔ mʋ, ɩmʋ nɩɩ ɔ bɩla taa gyila ɩmʋ nɩɩ ɩ bʋlʋn mʋ ipeeli. 28 Nɩɩ atɔ mʋ nɩɩ dulinyaa asa bɛɛ kɩɩ kɩyan, nɩɩ ba man taa tɩɩ sɛhn, nɩɩ bɛɛ kɩɩ yɛ ɩ man sʋ tɔnɔ mʋ, ɩmʋ nɩɩ Ɩbwaarɛ taa ŋaabaa atɔ mʋ nɩɩ dulinyaa asa bɛɛ kɩɩ fɛɛ ɩ gyɛ atɔ kparɛ mʋ, 29 kɛ nyɩmɩsa kʋ ɔ man nyɛ kaapʋ mʋ n‐yɩɩ Ɩbwaarɛ asɛ. 30 Lɩɩ fɛɛ Ɩbwaarɛ ɩ yɛgɛ nɩɩ anaa Yesu Krisito an waa kʋkʋlʋn, nɩɩ Ɩbwaarɛ waa Krisito nɩɩ ɔ baa ɔ gyɛ anɛ kanyaasɩn wuya. Nɩɩ mʋ sʋ nɩɩ Ɩbwaarɛ wu fɛɛ anɛ ɩkpa i kyiigi, nɩɩ anɛ ɩ gyɛ mʋ asa kyɩrɛkyɩrɛ, nɩɩ a nyɛ kamɔlɩgɛ. 31 Ɩmʋ sʋ fɛɛ kanan mʋ nɩɩ ba kyʋrɔɔ waa Asɩnkyan yɩlasa mʋ tɔ mʋ yɛ,
“Ɔkʋmaa mʋ nɩɩ ee biti ɔ kaapʋ mʋ n‐yɩɩ mʋ, ɔ kaapʋ mʋ n‐yɩɩ lɩɩ kʋtɔ mʋ nɩɩ Ɔnyɩrɩpɛ waa mʋ sʋ.”


text:
Mɛrɩkɩrɩ
Mɛrɩkɩrɩ kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 80 nɛ yʊsaɣ ñɩŋa yɔ Hg. Paaya-ɩ ɖɔɖɔ se ñɩlɩ ñɩlɩ liidiye pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩ kpaɣɖʊ 19 wɛɛ paɣzɩtʊ. Paalaba-ɩ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ miŋ saʊʊ ñɩɣyʊʊ taa nɛ ñɩɣyɩŋ sakɩyɛ sakɩyɛ taa pɩcɔ pekizi-ɩ pɩnaɣ 1999.
Mɛrɩkɩrɩ kɛ pʊtʊweyi e-lone kɔyɔ 12 nɛ caɣyɛ ñɩnɖɛ yɔ 6. Stricto sensu, Ɛkɛ ñɩɣlɩm pʊtʊ weyi ɛwɛ kʊñʊŋ yɔ, ajɛyɛ kpeekpe kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ nɛ laɣsɩ kɩkpɛndʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ tɔŋ se ɛtɛkɛ ñɩɣlɩm pʊtʊ kɩɖɛzɩɣ, kɛlɛ laɣsɩ ɖeɖe lɛ, pɛkpɛndʊʊ ɛnɛ ñɩɣlɩm wondu kɩɖɛzɩtʊ tʊma sakɩyɛ taa nɛ takayasɩ sakɩyɛ taa.
Ajɛyɛ kpeekpe nɩnaʊ tambaɣ nakayɛ lakɩ lɩmaɣza mbʊ se papasɩ mɛrɩkɩrɩ tɛ tʊmɩyɛ labɩnaʊ nɛ ɛzɩma kɩwɛna tɩlasɩ sakɩyɛ kedeŋga taa nɛ alafɩya nɔmɔʊ taa yɔ wɛ nʊmɔʊ ɖooo pɩnaɣ 2010 (Stockholm tɛtʊ taa), pamazɩ tɩyɔɔ se pɩkɛ pɩnaɣ 2013 Sapɔŋ ɛjaɖɛ taa. PNUE kpeɣla ajɛyɛ aɖɔɔ pɩcɛzɩ mɩnʊʊ yɔɔ Nayiroobii (Keniya ɛjaɖɛ taa), kpaɣ aloma fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 31 ŋtalɩ kamɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 4 pɩnaɣ 2011 nabutozo tɛ kpeɣluu nɛ nɩnaʊ tɔm ndʊ tɩyɔɔ (INC3, pɩkɛna Intergovernmental Negotiating committee).
Krɛsɩ, Théophraste (-371,-288) kaama kajalaɣ lɛɣtʊ takayaɣ pɩlɩna Lapidus ñɩɣlɩm yɔɔ, ka-taa peeɖe ɛkɛdɩɣ ɛzɩma papɩzɩɣ pohuyi sinabre yɔ (gr:kιvvaBapι, kinnabari) pɩtɩŋna ɖama yɔɔ ɖama yɔɔ ñalʊʊ nɛ pala ñɩlɩ ñɩlɩ liidiye (xutὸv ἄpYupov, chytón árgyron) pɔsɔkɩna sanɖaʊ ɖoŋ ñɩŋʊ sinabre pɛkpɛndɩna fɩnɛgrɩ.


text:
Wudieke Yisa Masia die dɩ
Yuorine a dagɩ
Jɔɔn wʋnna
1
1 Wudieke Yisa Masia die dɩ yuorine a dagɩ maagɩna gbaŋkʋ gie me. Ŋmɩŋ die yɩna wa wɩɩrɩ mi dɩ ʋ dagɩ ʋ tʋntʋntɩba wudieke dɩ bala ka yi lele ke gie. Masia die tʋŋ wa ʋ malaka ʋ tʋntʋntʋ Jɔɔn jigiŋ, dɩ ʋ balɩ wa wɩaha gie mana. 2 Die wɩa, Jɔɔn die dɩ yuori dagɩ wudieke mana ʋ yene, aŋ ka yi wudieke dɩ nyɩna Ŋmɩŋ jigiŋ, aŋaŋ wudieke Masia dɩ yuorine a dagɩ wa wa. 3 Vuodieke nɩŋ mana dɩ karɩnna naazʋa wudieke dɩ maagɩna gbaŋkʋ gie me, sʋgɩfɩalɩŋ yiwo ʋ sɩɩtɩ, ta vuodiekemba dɩ wʋnnana wɩɩrɩ ta saagɩ, sʋgɩfɩalɩŋ yiwo ba sɩɩtɩ, dama saŋŋa gbigiye mɩŋ dɩ wɩɩrɩ gie mana yi.
Yisa Masia dɩdɩɩsɩrɩ diekemba dɩ benne tɩgɩsɩ ayʋpɔyɩ wa wɩa
4 Manɩŋ Jɔɔn maagɩnana gbaŋkʋ gie a yɩa Yisa Masia dɩdɩɩsɩrɩ diekemba dɩ benne tɩgɩsɩ ayʋpɔyɩ wa dɩ benne Asia tɩŋgbaŋ ma.
Ŋmɩŋ vuodieke dɩ benne, ta die beri, ta nan dɩ beri yaa gamma haahuu wo, aŋaŋ haalɩtɩ ayʋpɔyɩ dɩ benne ʋ naagbaŋtɩtɩ nɩŋŋa aŋaŋ Yisa Masia yɩ nɩ suŋŋiŋ aŋaŋ sʋgɩdʋagɩŋ. 5 Wʋnɩŋ Yisa Masia yiwo vuodieke dɩ mʋʋlɩnana Ŋmɩŋ wɩa aŋaŋ wusie wo, ta bɩ yi vuodieke die dɩ wolinne a hagɩ kuŋ me wo, ta bɩ yi tɩŋgbaŋka gie naakpɩɩma mana naaŋ wa.
Ʋ chone tɩ ta tuo tɩ kuŋ a kpi a gbatɩ tɩ a nyɩŋ bɩaŋ ma, 6 ta yi tɩ bɩrɩŋ ʋ naarɩ ma vuodiekemba dɩ yine kɩkaabɩtɩba, dɩ tɩ tʋŋ ʋ Chɔɔŋ Ŋmɩŋ tʋʋma. Wʋnɩŋ ʋ sɩna bɩrɩŋ aŋaŋ hagɩrɩŋ yaa gamma haahuu. Wusie.
7 Yeye, ʋ nan dɩ bie nɩɩŋmara sʋŋ a kieŋ, vuoŋ mana nine nan daansɩ ye wo, aŋaŋ vuodiekemba die dɩ tɔbɩna wa gbaŋ. Saŋŋa dieke ʋ bala ʋ keŋ wo, tɩŋgbaŋka gie vuosi mana nan keŋ kʋŋ ʋ wɩa.|lWusie, ka nan seŋ yi die.
8 Tɩ Yɔmʋtieŋ Nabidie Ŋmɩŋ, vuodieke dɩ yalla hagɩrɩŋ mana, ta die beri, ta ye beri, ta nan keŋ beri yaa gamma haahuu wo, wʋnɩŋ ʋ balala naa dɩ, “Manɩŋ n yine jaaŋ mana piiliŋ aŋaŋ ka kpatɩŋ.”
9 Manɩŋ Jɔɔn vuodieke dɩ yine nɩ nɩmbʋa ta lagɩŋ aŋaŋ nɩ a dii wahala aŋaŋ suguru Yisa Masia wɩa wa, die n dɩna dɩ dɩa ta mʋʋla Ŋmɩŋ wɩa aŋaŋ tɩ Yɔmʋtieŋ wʋvɩɩnaha wɩa, ba nagɩ mɩŋ a yaa mɩŋ a ga Patimosi tɩŋgbaŋ dieke nyaaŋ dɩ giline wo me. 10 Womi, Alasiri daaŋ kaanɩ Ŋmɩŋ Halɩkasɩka die dɩ hagɩ n ma, die maŋ wʋŋ lɔlɩkpeŋkpɩɩŋ dɩ dɔnnana sɩba kantaŋ ta bala wɩa n kʋaŋ. 11 Die lɔlɩkʋ dɩ baarɩ dɩ, “Maagɩ wudieke fʋ yene wo a yi gbanɩŋ ma a nagɩ tʋŋ a yɩ Masia dɩdɩɩsɩrɩŋ lagɩmɩŋ ayʋpɔyɩ wa, dɩ benne Efesusi tɩŋ ma aŋaŋ Simirina aŋaŋ Pegamumi aŋaŋ Tiatira aŋaŋ Saadisi aŋaŋ Filadalifia aŋaŋ Lodisia tɩgɩsɩ ma wa.”
12 Die maŋ yiŋŋi dɩ n ye vuodieke dɩ balala wɩa a yɩa mɩŋ wa, womi die maŋ ye salɩma popolisi jigizielikiŋ ayʋpɔyɩ dɩ zene. 13 A sʋnsʋŋ die maŋ ye vuoŋ dɩ zene a nɩasɩ dembiŋ ta yeegi jayeekiwaŋ ka sʋʋŋ a gbɩa ʋ naatala ta salɩma gbanɩŋ dɩ bɔbɩ ʋ nyʋʋŋ. 14 Ta ʋ sikpeŋ zoosi dɩ yɩantɩ sɩba gʋŋgʋntɩ, ta ʋ nine dɩ sɩɩ sɩba bolinyaaŋ, 15 ta ʋ naatala dɩ nyɩgɩsa sɩba kʋʋtɩ ba nagɩna a yi boliŋ me ta ʋ lɔlɩŋ dɩ dɔma sɩba nyaakpɩɩŋ dɩ palala. 16 Ta pɔgɩlɩ chɩŋmarɩsɩ ayʋpɔyɩ ʋ nuudiigiŋ me, ta takoobi dieke dɩ dinene ka nʋa ale dɩ chabɩ ʋ nʋaŋ ma, ta ʋ nine chaaŋ die dɩ chaaŋ sɩba ŋmɩŋ dɩ chaannana ŋmɩntʋasɩ dene wo. 17 Die n yene wo wo die maŋ sʋʋŋ nan tɩŋgbaŋ ʋ nɩŋŋa sɩba vuodieke dɩ kpine. Die ʋ nagɩ ʋ nuudiigiŋ a dɩɩsɩ n ma ta baarɩ dɩ, “Da va ŋmaamɩŋ yalla fʋ, manɩŋ n yine jaaŋ mana piiliŋ aŋaŋ ka kpatɩŋ. 18 Manɩŋ n yine vuodieke dɩ benne ʋ miivoli me, die n kpiye mɩŋ, ama lele, n bie wo n miivoli me yaa gamma haahuu, manɩŋ n yaa wa kuŋ aŋaŋ kpiiliŋ hagɩrɩŋ. 19 Die wɩa, maagɩ nyindiekemba fʋ yene lele gie, aŋaŋ nyindiekemba dɩ bala a yi kʋaŋ chaaŋ. 20 Chɩŋmarɩsɩ ayʋpɔyɩ dieke fʋ yene n nuudiigiŋ me wo aŋaŋ salɩma popolisi jigizielikiŋ ayʋpɔyɩ wa lɔbɩrɩŋ chɩaŋ wʋnna: chɩŋmarɩsɩ ayʋpɔyɩ wa zie yɩ wa n dɩdɩɩsɩrɩba lagɩma lagɩma ayʋpɔyɩ diekemba dɩ benne tɩgɩsɩ ayʋpɔyɩ wa malakasi, ta popolisi jigizielikiŋ ayʋpɔyɩ wa dɩaŋ dɩ yi n dɩdɩɩsɩrɩŋ lagɩma lagɩma ayʋpɔyɩ wa.”


text:
Komɔŋwɛltɩ ŋgbɛyɛ
Kedeŋa yɔɔ cɩnɛ, ajɛya naayɛ ɖʋ ŋgbɛyɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ payaɣ-ɖɩ se « komɔŋwɛltɩ » (Commonwealth). Ajɛya nɩɩnʋwa nɛ naalɛ (52) nɩŋna ɖama nɛ aɖʋ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ.
Komɔŋwɛltɩ ŋgbɛyɛ ɖʋ nesi siŋŋ ajɛya tɩ-yɔɔ wɛʋ nʋmɔʋ taa. Komɔŋwɛltɩ ŋgbɛyɛ ñɔ alɩwaatʋ ndʋ palaba kedizaɣ sɔsaɣ nakɛyɛ Lɔndrɩ tɛtʋ taa yɔ. Lɔndrɩ tɛtʋ wɛ Aŋgeletɛɛrɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Palaba kedizaɣ sɔsaɣ ŋga pɩnaɣ 1949 taa. Kedizaɣ ŋga ka-taa pɔtɔŋ se ajɛya wena awɛ Komɔŋwɛltɩ ŋgbɛyɛ taa yɔ, awɛ kɩmaŋ. Ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, paakpaɣ ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ ɖoŋ kɩkpaʋ se ɖɩwɛɛ Komɔŋwɛltɩ ŋgbɛyɛ taa.
Ɖoɖoo Élisabeth II kɛŋna Komɔŋwɛltɩ ŋgbɛyɛ nɔɔ yɔɔ ɖɛyʋ. Ajɛya naayɛ wɛɛ lɛ, awiya yaa abila ɖiyiɣna-yɛ. Ajɛya ana payaɣ se rʋwaayom (royaumes) waa. Ajɛya wena awɛ Komɔŋwɛltɩ ŋgbɛyɛ taa yɔ, a-taa lɛ, ajɛya hiu nɛ loɖo (16) kɛ rowaayom waa. Ɖoɖoo Élisabeth II kɛŋna ɖɔɖɔ rowaayom waa hiu nɛ loɖo mba, pɛ-tɛ Abiɖe. Piyele ajɛya niidozo nɛ kʋɖʋm (31) ñɛkɛ mbʋ repiibiliki (républiques) waa nɛ ajɛya kagbaanzɩ (5) ñɛkɛ monarsii (monarchies) waa.
Ajɛya wena akɛ monarsii waa yɔ, a-taa lɛ, ɛyʋ kʋɖʋm tɩɣyɩna ɖoŋ tɩŋa. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se ɛnʋ ajɛɖɛ ñʋʋdʋ, ɛkɛ ajɛɖɛ paɣtʋ lɩzɩyaa nɔɔ yɔɔ ɖɛyʋ, ɛtɛ ɛkɛ tɔm hʋʋ nɔɔ yɔɔ ɖɛyʋ. Ɛlɛ, ajɛya wena alɛ kɛ repiibiliki waa yɔ, alɛ taa lɛ, pɛtɛyɩ ajaɖɛ ɖoŋ hɔɔlɩŋ niidozo. Ɛjaɖɛ ñʋʋdʋ wɛɛ, kewiyaɣ ñʋʋdʋ ñɛwɛɛ nɛ tɔm hʋʋ nɔɔ yɔɔ ɖɛyʋ ñɛwɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ.
Ajɛya wena awɛ Komɔŋwɛltɩ ŋgbɛyɛ taa yɔ, awɛ a-tɩ yɔɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ fɛyɩna ɖoŋ lɛɛɖɛ yɔɔ. Komɔŋwɛltɩ ŋgbɛyɛ lʋkɩ se temokrasii nɛ ɛyʋ waɖɛ yɔɔ kandɩyʋʋ nɛ komina tɩ-yɔɔ wɛʋ pa-tʋma ɛɖɛɛna ɛsɩndaa. Temokrasii lʋkɩ se paa weyi ɛwɛɛna waɖɛ se ɛyɔɔdɩ mbʋ ɛnaɣ nɛ pɩfɛyɩ-ɩ ɖeu yɔ. Ajɛya wena awɛ Komɔŋwɛltɩ ŋgbɛyɛ taa yɔ, a-walanzɩ kedeŋa yɔɔ kɛ 29 958 050 km2. Komɔŋwɛltɩ ŋgbɛyɛ taa samaɣ ñʋʋ kɛ miiliyaarɩ waa 2,328.


text:
Toovenum (vérité)
Payaʊ se toovenum yɔ, ɛbɛ payaɣ mbʊ ?
Ɛyaa naalɛ eyowa nɛ pama ɖama yɔ, pʊwayɩ lɛ, pañɩnɩɣ nɛ pana se aca lɛlʊ tɔm. Nabʊyʊ taa kɔyɔ, ɛyaa naalɛ yaa naadozo cakɩna nɛ pɔñɔɔzɩ-tʊ. Yee patanɩɩna ɖama yɔ, pekpeliɣ pe-cejewiye taa nɛ pɔcɔɔlɩ-tʊ. Weyi ɛca lɛlʊ tɔm yɔ, pɔtɔŋ se ɛ-tɔm sɩba. Piyele weyi paca ɛlɛ tɔm yɔ, peɖezi ɛlɛ tɔm, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se ɛlɛ wɛna toovenum.
You taa nabʊyʊ ɛwɛɛkaa kɔyɔ, weyi ɛca tɔm yɔ, ɛnʊ ñɔɔzʊʊna mbʊ pɩwɛɛkaa yɔ payɩ. Yee po-you taa, nabʊyʊ elebina yɔ, weyi ɖɔɖɔ ɛca tɔm yɔ, ɛnʊ ñɩnɩna-pʊ nɛ ɛpɩsɩna weyi ɛlɛ wɛna toovenum yɔ. Lee wiyaʊ tɛɛ paya ɖama tɔm kɔyɔ, paɖʊʊ liidiye naɖɩyɛ nɛ pʊcɔ pahʊʊ pɔ-tɔm ndʊ. Pahʊʊ-tʊ lɛ, weyi ɛ-tɔm sɩkɩ yɔ, pɔtɔkɩ e-liidiye nɖɩ ɛɖʊwa se pahʊʊna tɔm yɔ. Weyi ɛlɛ wɛna toovenum yɔ, pɔtɔɔ ɖɔɖɔ ɛlɛ ñɩnɖɛ. Pʊ-wayɩ lɛ, weyi ɛca lɛlʊ tɔm yɔ, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se weyi ɛ-tɔm sɩba yɔ, ɛcaa weyi ɛlɛ wɛna toovenum yɔ e-liidiye nɖɩ awiya tɔwaa yɔ nɛ ɛhɛyɩ-ɩ. Mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, ɛlɛ tacaɣ yem nɛ ewona e-liidiye nɛ ɛcɛlɛ awiya.
Yee pɩkɛ eveletu tɔm, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se yee ɛyʊ ɛsɩbɩna nɛ pacaa pazɩyʊ nɛ ɛlɛ kɔɔ nɛ ɛkpa nɔɔyʊ se ɛlɛ kʊna weyi ɛsɩba yɔ, pacakɩ cejewiye taa nɛ pana-tʊ. Weyi pazɩyʊ kpa-ɩ se ɛnʊ kʊna ɛyʊ yɔ, yee ɛnʊ kʊna ɛyʊ toovenum nɛ etisi kɔyɔ, pɔkɔɔlɩ-ɩ yaa palɩzɩ-ɩ nɛ e-leewaa nɛ poposina-ɩ nɛ ɛ-tʊtʊ. Weyi ɛkʊ ɛyʊ mbʊ yɔ, e-egbele tɩʊ kpakɩɣna-ɩ nɛ ewolo ɛcaɣ ɛlɛ tɛ pɩnzɩ nzɩ cejewiye taa ñɩma cakɩ nɛ paɖʊ se pʊwɛɛ se ɛtɛm-sɩ nɛ pʊcɔ ɛpɩsɩ ɛ-tɛtʊ taa e-cejewiye taa ñɩma cɔlɔ yɔ.
Ɛlɛ, yee weyi pazɩyʊ kpa-ɩ se ɛnʊ kʊna weyi ɛsɩba mbʊ yɔ etetisi se ɛnʊ kʊna yɔ, powokina tɔm ndʊ wiyaʊ sɔsɔ tɛ, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se kantɔŋ tɛ. Peeɖe lɛ, paɖʊʊ liidiye sɔsɔyɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ wiyaʊ sɔsɔ ha-wɛ waɖɛ nɛ pɛɖɛɛ tɩŋ ñɔʊ yaa kpɛzɩyɛ. Pazɩyʊ yaa tɩʊ weyi ɛkpa lɛlʊ se ɛnʊ kʊna ɛyʊ yɔ, ɛ nɛ weyi ɛkpa mbʊ yɔ pɛɖɛɛna tɩŋ ñɔʊ.
Powoki nɛ pɔkɔɔ lɛ, weyi pɩkpa-ɩ yɔ, pɔtɔŋ se ɛ-tɔm sɩba. Piyele weyi ɛlɛ lɩwa yɔ, pɔtɔ se ɛlɛ wɛna toovenum. Liidiye sɔsɔyɛ nɖɩ pa-naalɛ pasɩ wiyaʊ sɔsɔ tɛ nɛ pʊcɔ pɛɖɛɛ yɔ, awiya tɔkɩ ɖɩtɩŋa nɛ piyele weyi ɛ-tɔm sɩba yɔ, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se weyi pɩkpa-ɩ yɔ, ɛcaa lɛlʊ liidiye nɖɩ ɛlɛ ɖʊwa yɔ nɛ ɛhɛyɩ ɛlɛ.


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Ilnuwaa
Ilnuwaa kɛna Etaazunii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ cikpetʊ natʊyʊ. Nɛ Etazuunii ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ ajɛya cikpena naayɛ nɩɩnɩwa kpɛndɩna nɛ aɖʊ nɔɔ nɛ awɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ taa kpaɩ. Etaazunii tɔbʊʊ nɛ kabɩyɛ taa se ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ. Tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Springfield nɛ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ yɔ ndʊ lɛ Chicago.
Pamaza Ilnuwaa ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ taa lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ ɛzɩ 149 998 km2 nɛ ɖenɖe tɛtʊ ñabɩ wɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 143 967 km2 yɔ nɛ ɖenɖe lɩm ñɛwɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe ñɛwɛʊ ɛzɩ 6 30 km2 yɔ pʊtɔbʊʊ se pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 4 yɔ kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ.
Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɖɩ kɛŋna ɛjaɖɛ 21 ñɩnɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩsʊ Etaazunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊɣ ŋgbɛyɛ taa yɔ. Ɛlɛ pɩɩkɛ saŋgayɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ naatozo ŋkʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 1818. Pɩnaɣ 2017 taa paakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ paana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 12 802 023 yɔ.
Payaɣ Ilnuwaa ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-ñʊʊdʊ se Bruce Rauner (R) piyele nɛ komina ñʊndinaa kɔyɔ: Dick Durbin (D), Tammy Duckworth (D).
Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, ŋgʊ lɛ yɔ Eŋgilisi.


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Kaapɩ
Kaapɩ kɛŋna Afrika nɛ Hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ natʊyʊ sɔnɔ taa yɔ tɛtʊ ndʊ lɛ Kaapɩ ŋgʊ kɩwɛna wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa yɔ kɩ-tɛ tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ. Ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1910 kɛ Kaapɩ tɛtʊ kɛna Afrika nɛ hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa paɣtʊ lɩzɩyaa kpelaɣ wɛɛ yɔ; Pireetoriya ñɛkɛŋna tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa komina tʊma sɔsɔna wɛɛ yɔ nɛ Pulowemfɔntɛnɩ kɛlɛ tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ ndʊ tʊtʊ taa wɛ tɔm hʊyaa kpelaɣ yɔ.
Afrika nɛ Hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ taa lɛ, tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ tɩŋga taa lɛ Kaapɩ tɛtʊ kɛŋna kɩpɩndʊ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ ɖooo piŋaɣ 1652 kɛ tikɛ sʊzɔtʊ. Afrika taa payɩ lɛ tɛtʊ tʊnɛ ndʊ kɩlɩna wɛʊ nɛ hadɛ kiŋ. Aliwaatʊ ndʊ Afrika nɛ Hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa ɛyaa kʊlʊmaa nɩ pɩ-taa se paanɩ ɛkɛ ɛyʊ lɛ (mbʊ payaɣ se Apartheid yɔ) pʊwayɩ lɛ, tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɛyaa mba po-tomnasi sidaa yɔ pɛwɛ nɩɩnɩwa (50) kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ nɛ eyaa kʊlʊma kɛ 27 kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ, piyele ɛyaa kɩkpɛɛdaa ñɛwɛɛ 23 kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ ɖɔɖɔ.
Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-walanzɩ landammm taa maɣna ɛkɩtaarɩnaa 40 028 ha yaa kilomɛtanaa 400,28. Pɩnaɣ 2001 pakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ lɛ, ɛyaa 827 218 kɛ panaa piyele pɩnaɣ 2007 taa lɛ, ɛyaa kpɛnda 3 497 000.
Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlʊ yɔɔdʊʊ yɔ ŋgʊ lɛ Englɩsɩɩ pʊwayɩ lɛ afrikansi ɛlɛ pɩkɛ tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ hɛkʊ taa kɔyɔ, kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlʊ yɔɔdʊʊ yɔɔ kʊkʊ lɛ afrikansi pʊwayɩ lɛ aŋgilisi nɛ pɩɖiɣna ikisihoza (xhosa). Ɛzɩ ajɛya lɛɛna taa tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ lɛɛtʊ yɔ, Kaapɩ tɛtʊ nɛ ajɛyaa naayɛ taa ñɩndʊ paɖʊ nɔɔ nɛ palakɩ tʊma kʊɖʊma nɛ anaa yɔ: Niisi (Fransɩɩ), Piini (Ɛɛndɩ) nɛ Adana (Turki).
Payaɣ kaapɩ tɛtʊ yɔɔ cɔnɩyʊ kɩfalʊ se Patricia de Lille (DA).