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Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart kɛ Caama ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʋ taa abalʋ nɔɔyʋ. Ɛkɛ soo lɩzɩyʋ nɛ wendu lubuyu sɔsɔ. Eteu nɛ ɛmakɩ nɛ pʋɖʋ pɩ-taa camɩyɛ. Palʋla-ɩ egeetiye nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ size Salzbourg yɔ ɖɩ-taa. Egeetiye nɖɩ, ɖɩkɛ ɛjaɖɛ wiyau pɩyalʋ waɖɛ yaa ɖoŋ lone ɖomuu tʋ lone kiɖeɖeye (Saint-Empire romain germanique).
Ɛ-lʋlʋkʋ alɩwaatʋ kaakɛ efemiye hiŋ naalɛ nɛ lʋbɛ (27) n̄ɩŋʋ wiye kɛ kɔlaɣ fenaɣ taa pɩnaɣ 1756 taa. Ɛsɩba egeetiye nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ size Fɩyɛɛnɩ yɔ ɖɩ-taa kɛ efemiye kagbanzɩ (5) n̄ɩŋʋ wiye saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ taa kɛ pɩnaɣ 1791 taa.
Ɛwɛna pɩnzɩ hiŋ naadozo nɛ kagbanzɩ yaa niidozo nɛ kagbanzɩ lɛ ɛsɩba. Ɛka laba tʋmɩyɛ siŋŋ nɛ pɩcɔ ɛsɩkɩ. Eyeba keveŋga nɛ maɣzɩm sɔsɔm ɛsɩm wayɩ. Ɛtʋma ɛzɩ 626 wɛ tɛlɛŋga yaa ɖaɖɛ taa kɛ pɩlʋʋ ŋgʋ payaɣ-kʋ size Köchel yɔ kɩ-taa. Ɛtʋma kpeekpe taa payɩ lɛ, ɖɩna se, eluba wendu ɛtɛ ɛlɩzɩ soo ɖɔɖɔ nɛɛtɛ alɩwaatʋ wɛɛ taa.
Ɛ-wɛɛ taa aseɣɖe lɩzɩyaa lɩza nɛ pawɩlɩ size, ɛkɛkɛ piyaanoo maɖʋ, ɛtɛ ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ keɖeɣya tʋmɩyɛ laɖʋ weyi pɩhayɩ yɔ, ɛkɛ siŋŋ ɖɔɖɔ fiolɔ (violon) maɖʋ. Ɖɩsɩma camɩyɛ mbʋ size, ɛtasa nesi ɖʋ siŋŋ kɛ kɔnserto, nɛ pɩtasɩna weŋgalaɣ loyisi sɩnɛ yɔ (symphonie nɛ sonate) pa-taa.


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Atɩlantiki Lɩŋamʋʋ
Tɛtʊ kpeekpe taa lɛ, lɩŋgamʋʋ na kpɛnda 5. Pa-taa kɛ ɖɩnaɣ Atlantiki lɩŋgamʋʋ. Kɩ-tɛ walanzɩ kɛ 106.000.000 km2. Pʊyɔ kɛ kɩkɛ teŋgu na mba pakɩlɩ walʊ yɔ pa-taa naalɛ ñɩŋgʊ. Kacalaɣ ñiŋgʊ yɔ Pasifiki lɩŋgamʋʋ. kɩwɛʊ yɔ pɩleɖaa pɩtɩɩfɛyɩ. Pɩlaba pɩnzɩ million waa 180 kɔyɔ. Ɛlɛ tɛtʊ ñabɩ kacɩɩna nɛ pɩkazɩ nɛ lɩm mbʊ pɩwɛɛ. Atlantiki lɩŋgamʋʋ ŋgʊ, kɩwazaɣ na tuuɖe taa mba mba pɛyɛlaɣ nɛ patɩlɩɣ ajɛya nɛ a-yɔɔ nɛ a-taa ñim yɔ. Halɩ nɛ sɔnɔ kɩkɛ nʊmɔʊ ŋgʊ ɛyaa pɩzɔ patiŋɩgɔnɛ pɛtɛzɩɣ ɖama tɛ yɔ.
Lee kɩwɛ, nɛ kɩwɛ, ɛzɩma Atlantiki lɩŋgamʋʋ wɛ Amerika nɛ Afro-Eurasie pɛ-hɛkʊ taa. Afro-Eurasie tɔbʊʊ se Afrika nɛ Eerɔpɩ nɛ Aasii pakɩkpɛndʊʋ. Tɛtʊ kpeekpe yɔɔ lɩŋgamʋʋ na kpɛnda 5. Pɛdɛ 5 taa lɩm wɛ salala. Lɩŋgamɩŋ mba pɛtɛ kamasɩ tɔm laba kadɛ nɛ pɩkɔna kɔkɔɖɛ pɩtɩfeyɩ. Pɩwɛ ɛzɩ Atlantiki lɩŋgamʋʋ nɛ Arktiki pɛyɛkʊ taa tɔm yɔ. Atlantiki lɩŋgamʋʋ ñatama nɛ pɩyɔɔ. Atlantiki lɩŋgamʋʋ nɛ Pasifiki ñiŋgʊ kɛna mba mba pana nanza ñinba patamna ɖama. Kɩgaʊ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩcɔŋna kedeŋga yɔ lɩm yɔ yɔ, ɖɩñaɣ pana nɛ ɖɩsɩʊ kamasɩ lɩm taa.
Atlantiki lɩŋgamʋʋ ɖalakiŋ wɛ ndɩ ndɩ. Biresiili nɛ Liiberiya pɛhɛkʊ taa-lɛ pɩwɛ 2848km nɛ Etaazuunii nɛ Marɔkɩ lɛ pɩmaɣna kɩlomɛtaa waa 4830.
Atlantiki lɩŋgamʋʋ walanzɩ wɛ 82400000km2. Ɛlɛ, yee pɛkpɛdina kɩ-tɛ lɩŋgamʋʋ na cikpema kɔyɔ, 92.400.000 km2.
Papaazɩ Atlantiki lɩŋgamʋʋ yɔɔ tɔm alɩwaaatʊ ndʊ ɛyaa paazɩ kɩ-tɛ kɩtiiliŋ yɔɔ caaʊ yɔ ɛlɛ lɩm mbʊ pɩtɛzʊ tapaazɩ lɔŋ. Pɩnaŋ mɩnɩʊ ŋga taa kɛ ɛyʊ paazɩ tɛzɩɣ. Eerɔpɩ tɛ hayʊ kiŋ ŋgʊ payaɣ se Groeland yɔ kɩhɔɔlʊ kɛ mɛlɛna saya mba pɛkɛ Fayikiŋ mba yɔ, mba mabɩ na palaŋa taa nɛ papazɩ tɛzɩɣ. Pañaɣ pana patalɩ Amerika hɔɔlʊ ŋgʊ pamamaɣ pakʊma hɩɖɛ se Terre–Newe (L’Anse aux Meadows) yaa Vinland.
Afrika kɩliilinŋ yɔɔlɛ, pɩɩsaŋ tɛzɩʊ. Kpɩyɩŋ saya mba palina Cap Bojador Sahara Wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ ɛjadɛ ta yɔ, pɩwɛ wɛɛ kaɖɛ se pɛtɛzɩ. Hɔɔlɩŋgʊ patʊʊ kʊ hɩɖɛ se Teŋga Cɩkpendʊ ñiŋgʊ yaa "Mer des ténèbres". Ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1434 taakɛ Pɔritigaalɩ kpɩyʊ sayʊ weyi payaɣ-ɩ se Gil Eanes yɔ ɛcalɩ Atlantiki lɩŋgamʋʋ yɔɔ lɩm tɛzɩy nɛ ɛ-mɛlɛ. Ɛpɩza ɛsaa-kʊ nɛ ɛwolonɛ ɛpɩsɩ ɖɔɖɔ. Ɛnʊ calina Afrika keteŋa cɔʊ kpɛɛɛ nɛ ɛta nɛ ɛkɔɔ ɛtalɩ Indes tɛtʊ taa. Pɩwayɩ lɛ Christophe Colomb nɛ ɛ-taabala pacalɩna pombo tɛzɩɣ pɩnaɣ 1492.

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1Ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ wɑɑtʋ wei Ɩsekiyɑsɩ nɩɩ tɔm ntɩ, ɩlɛnɑ ɩ́ cǝlɩ ɩ wontu tɔtɔ nɑ lɑŋwɑkǝllɛ. Nɑ ɩ́ suu lǝyɑɣɑ nyǝntʋ, ɩsɩɩ fɔlǝtɔnɑɑ tɑkɑ, nɑ ɩ́ polo Ɩsɔ tǝsɛɛlɛ tɑɑ.
2Tǝnɑɣɑ ɩ kʋsɑ Ɩliyɑkim, nɑ Sepǝnɑ, nɑ kɔtǝlɑɑ tɑɑ sɔsɑɑ sɩ pɑ́ polo Amɔtɩ pǝyɑlʋ Ɩsɔ kʋyɔɣɔtʋtʋ tɛlǝsʋlʋ Ɩsɑyii tɛ, nɑ pɑ lǝyɑɣɑ wontu kɛ mpʋ.
3Nɑ pɑ́ heeli-ɩ sɩ: Wulɑʋ Ɩsekiyɑsɩ kʋsǝnɑ-tʋ sɩ tǝ́ kɔɔ sɩ, sɑŋɑ pǝ hɔmɑ ɩnɩ ɩ ŋkpɑŋʋɣʋ, nɑ tɑ lɑŋɑ wɑkǝlɩ tǝtɔɣɔtɔɣɔ. Tǝ wɛɛ kɛ ɩsɩɩ lʋlʋɣʋ tɑkʋɣʋ ɑlɑɑ sɩ pɑ lʋlɩ, ɩlɛ tomɑ fɛɩ sɩ pɑ lʋlʋnɑ pɑ piyɑ tɔ.
4Asilii wulɑʋ kʋsǝnɑ ntɛɣɛ ɩ yoolɑɑ pɑɑsǝnlʋ sɩ ɩ́ kɔɔ nɑ ɩ́ tʋʋ Ɩsɔ weesuɣu tʋ. Hɑɩ, ye Tɑcɑɑ, nyɑ́ Ɩsɔ kɑ́ nɩɩ ɩ kʋtʋɣʋ ŋkʋ, nɑ ɩ́ hɔ ɩ ŋkpɑŋʋɣʋ. Nyɑɑ sǝlǝmɩ-ɩ ɩ yǝlɑɑ mpɑ pɑ kɑɑsɑɑ tɔ pɑ tɔɔ.
5Wɑɑtʋ wei Ɩsekiyɑsɩ tillɑɑ heelɑ Ɩsɑyii kɛ mpʋ,
6ɩlɛnɑ Ɩsɑyii cɔ-wɛ sɩ: Ɩ́ polo nɑ ɩ́ heeli mǝ cɑɑ sɩ, Tɑcɑɑ yɔɣɔtɑɑ sɩ nyɑ́ lɑŋlɛ ɩ tɑɑ ŋmɑɑnɑ kʋtʋɣʋ ŋku Asilii wulɑʋ wɑɑlɩ nyǝ́mɑ tʋʋ-m tɔ.
7Mɑɑ yele nɑ pɑ́ yɑɑ-ɩ nɑ tɔm nɑtǝlɩ, nɑ ɩ́ kpe. Ɩlɛnɑ nɔɣɔlʋ kʋ-ɩ.
8Ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ Asilii yoolɑɑ pɑɑsǝnlʋ nɩɩwɑ sɩ ɩ cɑɑ kʋlɑ Lɑkisi nɑ ɩ́ polo ɩ́ nyɑlɑ Lipinɑ. Ɩlɛnɑ ɩ́ polo ɩ kiŋ kɛ tǝnɑ.
9Tǝnɑɣɑ pɑ heelɑ Asilii wulɑʋ sɩ Ɩtiyopii wulɑʋ Tilɑkɑ polɑ-ɩ yoonɑʋ. Ntɛnɑ Asilii wulɑʋ tilinɑ Ɩsekiyɑsɩ kɛ lɛɛtǝlɩ sɩ pɑ́ pɔɔsɩ-ɩ sɩ:
10N tɑɑkɩ Ɩsɔ sɩ ɩ kɑ́ kɑɣɑtɩ-m Yosɑlɛm tǝlɛɛkǝlɛ yɑɑ? N kɑ́ tʋsɩ nyɑ́ tɩ yoo.
11Anɩ n nɩɩwɑ teu kɛ ɩsǝnɑ mɑ kpiisɑ tɛtʋnɑɑ tɔ. Ɩlɛnɑ ń hʋʋkɩ sɩ n kɑ́ tʋlɩ-tɩ?
12Awulɑɑ mpɑ pɑ kɑɑsɑ-m tɔ, wɑɑtʋ wei pɛlɛ pɑ kʋkɑɣɑ Kosɑŋ, nɑ Hɑlɑŋ, nɑ Lesɛfɩ, nɑ Ɩteni nyǝ́mɑ ɩcɑtɛ sɔsɔɔlɛ Telɑsɑɑ tɔ, mpɛ ɩnɩ pɑ tɩɩŋ tɑ pǝsɩ nɑ ɩ́ kenti pɑ ɑcɑlɛɛ.
13Tɔɔsɩ mpi pǝ mɑɣɑnɑ Hɑmɑtɩ, nɑ Aɑpɑtɩ, nɑ Lɑyii, nɑ Sefɑfɑyim, nɑ Henɑ, nɑ Afɑ ɑwulɑɑ tɔ.
14Wɑɑtʋ wei Ɩsekiyɑsɩ tɛmɑ Asilii wulɑʋ lɛɛtǝlɩ ɩnǝɣɩ kɑlʋɣʋ, ɩlɛnɑ ɩ́ ponɑ-ɩ Ɩsɔ tǝsɛɛlɛ tɑɑ, nɑ ɩ́ hʋlɩ-ɩ Tɑcɑɑ.
15Ɩlɛnɑ ɩ́ sǝlǝmɩ Ɩsɔ sɩ: Hɑɩ, Ɩsɛɣɛlɩ Ɩsɔ Tɑcɑɑ, wei nyɑ́ n cɑɣɑ ɩsɔtɑɑ tɑŋlɑɑ kɛ kpɑɣɑnʋ tɔ, nyɑ́ tike ntɛ́ Ɩsɔ kɛ́ ɑntulinyɑ tǝnɑ tɑɑ. Nyɑ́ lɑpǝnɑ ɩsɔtɑɑ nɑ ɑtɛ.
16Hɑɩ, Tɑcɑɑ, ke ŋkpɑŋŋ nɑ ń nɩɩ nɑ ń pɑɑsǝnɑ kʋtʋɣʋ ŋku Senɑkelipi tillɑɑ tʋʋ weesuɣu tʋ nyɑ́ tɔ.
17Tɑmpɑnɑ Asilii ɑwulɑɑ kʋwɑ piitim lɛmpɩ, nɑ pɑ́ kpiisi pɑ tɛtʋ tǝnɑ,
18nɑ pɑ́ wɔ pɑ tɩɩŋ kɛ kɔkɔ. Mpi tɔ, tɑɑsɩ yɑɑ pɛɛ kɛ yǝlɑɑ kɑ sɑɑkɑ kʋsɑɑkʋ pǝ tɑɣɑ Ɩsɔ nyɑ́.
19Ɩlɛ hɑɩ, Tɑcɑɑ, tɑ Ɩsɔ wɑɑsɩ-tʋɣʋ Senɑkelipi niŋ tɑɑ. Ɩlɛnɑ ɑntulinyɑ ɑwulɑɑ tǝnɑ nyɩ sɩ nyɑ́ tike ntɛ́ Ɩsɔ.
20Ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ Ɩsɑyii polɑɑ nɑ ɩ́ tɛlǝsɩ Ɩsekiyɑsɩ sɩ: Ɩsɛɣɛlɩ Ɩsɔ Tɑcɑɑ sɩ, mɑ nɩɩwɑ sǝlǝmʋɣʋ ŋku n sǝlǝmɑ-m Asilii wulɑʋ Senɑkelipi tɔm tɑɑ tɔ.
21Ɩlɛ tʋ ŋkpɑŋŋ nɑ ń nɩɩ: Yosɑlɛm ɩcɑtɛ kpɛɛnɑ-ŋ kɛ́, nɑ tǝ́ pɑɑkǝnɑ-ŋ.
22Hɑlɩ Ɩsɛɣɛlɩ Ɩsɔ Nɑŋŋtʋ mɑɣɑlɛ n kpesinɑɑ, nɑ n tʋʋ nɑ n toosi ɩsɛ nɑ?
23N tilɑ tillɑɑ nɑ pɑ́ tʋʋ Tɑcɑɑ mɑ́. Hɑlɩ n tɔ sɩ nyɑ́ yoou kɛɛkɛnɑɑ tuutuumɑ tɔɔ kɛ́ n kpɑwɑ Lipɑŋ pʋɣʋ, nɑ ń sɛtɩ Lipɑŋ tɩɩŋ sɔsɔɔŋ kʋpɑŋ. Aɑɩyee sɩ, n kɑ́ kpɑ comcom nɔɣɔ tɑɑ kɛ hɔtʋɣʋ kʋpɑŋkʋ tɑɑ.
24Nyɑ́ sɩ n hulɑ lɔkɔ, pǝ́cɔ́ n nyɔɔ lɛlɑɑ lʋm. Nyɑ́ yoolɑɑ kɑ́ fɛlɩ Icipiti tɛtʋ tɔɔ kɛ́ nɔɔhɛɛ nɑ pɑ pusi nyɔɔ.
25Senɑkelipi, n tɑ nyɩ tɑɑ sɩ mɑ́ lɑpǝnɑ yɑɑsinɑɑ pɑnɛ nɑ mɑ́ sɩɩ too lɔŋ. Ɩlɛnɑ mɑ́ tǝŋǝɣɩ nɑ mɑ́ lɑkɩ nɔɔnɔɔ. Mɑ́ tʋnɑ-ŋ sɩ ń lɑ nɑ koloosi ɑcɑlɛɛ pǝsɩ ncɑɑ.
26Sɔɣɔntʋ pɩɩ ɑ tɑɑ yǝlɑɑ, nɑ pɑ́ pǝsɩ ɩsɩɩ ŋkpɑlǝtitilee nyǝ́mɑ. Pɑ nǝɣǝsǝnɑ kɛ́ ɩsɩɩ tɑwɑ nyɩɩtʋ, ɩsɩɩ tɛtɛkɑ tɑɑ nyɩɩtʋ kʋlɛkǝlɛkǝtʋ. Yɑɑ kutuluŋ tɔɔ nyɩɩtʋ nti tǝ wʋlǝɣɩ nɑ tǝ́ tɑ tɛntɑ nyɔʋ tɔ.
27Ɩlɛ mɑ nyǝmɑ-ŋ kɛ́ tǝyelele. Ye n cɑɣɑɑ, yɑɑ n lɩɩkɩ, yɑɑ n sʋʋkɩ, mɑ nyǝmɑ́. Ye n mʋ-m nɑ pɑ́ɑ́nɑ́ mɑ nyǝmɑɣɑ.
28N tɩɩ mʋ-m nɑ pɑ́ɑ́nɑ́ ntɔ, nɑ ń lɑkɩ-m nɑ kɑlɑmpɑɑnɩ. Pǝ tɔɔ kɛ́ mɑɑ ŋmɑkǝlɩ-ŋ ɩsɩɩ pɑ tʋkʋɣʋ wontuɣu mɩɩnɑ tɛɛ kɛ́ kukuule, yɑɑ kpɑɣɑnʋkpɑsɩ tɔ. Mpɑɑʋ ŋku n tǝŋɑɑ nɑ n kɔɔ tɔɣɔ mɑɑ kpeenɑnɑ-ŋ.
29Ɩsekiyɑsɩ, mɑɑ heeli nyɑɣɑ mpi mɑɑ lɑ tɔ. Tɔɣɔnɑɣɑ pee ɑlɛɛlɑ kɛ ɩ́ kɑ́ tɔɣɔ pǝntɔ nɑ pǝnte. Amɑ pǝnɑɣɑ tooso nyǝŋkɑ tɑɑ kɛ́ ɩ́ kɑ́ pǝsɩ nɑ ɩ́ tuu tɔɣɔnɑɣɑ nɑ ɩ́ kʋ́-kɛ́. Nɑ ɩ́ hɑlɑ mǝ lɛsɛŋnɑɑ, nɑ ɩ́ kooli-wɛ.
30Pɩɩ kɑɑsɩ mpɑ nɑ pɑ ɩsɛ kɛ Yutɑ tɑɑ tɔ, pɛlɛ pɑɑ wɛɛ kɛ́ ɩsɩɩ tʋɣʋ kɑŋʋɣʋ kʋ lilɑ kɛ tɛtʋ tɑɑ nɑ kʋ́ lʋlǝɣɩ teu tɔ.
31Pɔpɔtʋ fɛɩ leleŋ, pɩɩ kɑɑsɩ Yosɑlɛm tɑɑ kɛ́ ɩsɛ nyǝ́mɑ. Ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ Ɩsɑyii tɑsɑɑ sɩ: Ɩsǝnɑ Tɑcɑɑ kɑ́ lɑnɑ ɩ sɔɔlʋɣʋ sɔsɔɔŋkʋ tɔɣɔlɛ.
32Tɑcɑɑ sɩ, Asilii wulɑʋ kɑɑ pǝsɩ nɑ ɩ́ lo hɑpǝlɛ, nɑ ɩ́ sǝŋ tǝ tɔɔ nɑ ɩ́ kenti ɩ kpɑlʋɣʋ, nɑ ɩ́ tɔ́ nyǝ́mɑ́ kɛ ɩcɑtɛ tɑɑ, nɑ ɩ́ sʋʋ tǝ tɑɑ.
33Tɑcɑɑ mɑ́, mɑ yɔɣɔtǝɣǝnɑ sɩ ye ɩ tǝŋɑ mpɑɑʋ ŋku nɑ ɩ kɔɔ cǝnɛ, ŋkʋɣʋ ɩ kɑ tǝŋ nɑ ɩ́ kpe, ɩ kɑɑ sʋʋ cǝnɛ.
34Mɑɑ kenti Yosɑlɛm tɔɔ, nɑ mɑ́ wɑɑsɩ-ɩ mɑ tǝmlɛ tʋ Tɑfiiti tɔɔ, nɑ pǝ́ kʋsɩ mɑ nyʋɣʋ.
35Ahoo yuwɑ, ɩlɛnɑ Ɩsɔ ɩsɔtɑɑ tillu tii Asilii yoolɑɑ tǝsikile, nɑ ɩ́ kʋ́ yoolɑɑ iyisi nɩɩnʋwɑ nɑ nɩɩnɑɑsɑ nɑ kɑkpɑsɩ (185000). Tɛʋ femɑ, ɩlɛnɑ ɩsɛ nyǝ́mɑ mɑɣɑnɑ sǝtɑɑ sɛlǝtɑɑ.
36Ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ Senɑkelipi kpɛsɑ tǝsikile, nɑ ɩ́ polo ɩcɑtɛ sɔsɔɔlɛ Ninifi tɑɑ, nɑ ɩ́ cɑɣɑ tǝnɑ.
37Ɩlɛnɑ kʋyɑkʋ nɑkʋlɩ, ɩ́ sʋʋ ɩ tʋɣʋ Nisǝlɔkɩ kutuluɣu tɑɑ kɛ lɑɑtʋ, nɑ ɩ pǝyɑlɑɑ tɑɑ nɑɑlɛ, Atǝlɑmelɛkɩ nɑ Sɑlǝsɛɛ pɑ kʋ-ɩ. Ɩlɛnɑ pɑ́ se nɑ pɑ polo Alɑlɑɑ tɛtʋ tɑɑ. Ɩlɛnɑ ɩ piyɑ tɑɑ lɛŋkɑ Asɑhɑtɔŋ lɛɛtɩ ɩ lonte.


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Takota Hadɛ Kiŋ
Takota nɛ hadɛ kiŋ kɛna Etaazunii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ cikpetʊ natʊyʊ. Nɛ Etazuunii ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ ajɛya cikpena naayɛ nɩɩnɩwa kpɛndɩna nɛ aɖʊ nɔɔ nɛ awɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ taa kpaɩ. Etaazunii tɔbʊʊ nɛ kabɩyɛ taa se ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ. Takota nɛ hadɛ kiŋ taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Pɩyɛɛrɩ nɛ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ yɔ ndʊ lɛ Sioux Falls.
Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩcɔ ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ nɛ tɩta yɔ ndʊ yɔ: Wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ Minezotaa nɛ Iyowa, wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa kiŋ lɛXiyominii nɛ Montana, hadɛ kiŋ lɛ Nebraskaa piyele nɛ hayʊ kiŋ lɛ Takota nɛ hayʊ kiŋ.
Pamaza Takota nɛ hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ taa lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ ɛzɩ 199 905 km2 nɛ ɖenɖe tɛtʊ ñabɩ wɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 196 735 km2 yɔ nɛ ɖenɖe lɩm ñɛwɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe ñɛwɛʊ ɛzɩ 3 173 km2 yɔ pʊtɔbʊʊ se pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 1,6 yɔ kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ. Ɛjaɖ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩkɛŋna 40 ñɩnɖɛ ɛyaa ɖɔʊ taa kɛ Etazuunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ kpeekpe taa.
Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɖɩ kɛŋna ɛjaɖɛ 40 ñɩnɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩsʊ Etaazunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊɣ ŋgbɛyɛ taa yɔ. Ɛlɛ pɩɩkɛ kamɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ naalɛ ŋgʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 1889. Pɩnaɣ 2010 taa paakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ paana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 814 180 yɔ.
Payaɣ Takota nɛ hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-ñʊʊdʊ se Dennis Daugaard (R) piyele nɛ komina ñʊndinaa kɔyɔ: Mike Rounds (R) nɛ John Thune (R). Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, ŋgʊ lɛ yɔ aŋgilisi.


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Zɔɔrdaanii
Zɔɔrdaanii kɛna Azii ilemiye nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɛ naayɛ pasɩna ɖama kamaɣ nɛ ajɛya ana yɔ: hayʊ kiŋ lɛ Siirii nɛ Akaba pɔɔ wɛna kamaɣ yɔɔ, wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa lɛ Palɛstinii, Israɛlɩ, Yɔrdaŋ pɔɔ nɛ Tengu Kɩsɩbʋʋ, nɛ hadɛ kiŋ lɛ Araabii Sawuditi.
Tʊkaɣ nakayɩ wɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɛ pɔɔ nakayɩ ŋɛ ŋga payaɣ se Yɔrdaŋ. Yɔrdaŋ kɛŋna pɔɔ ŋga ka-taa Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa ɛyaa wokaɣ polu lɩm nɛ pɔsɔʊ pɩya ajama yɔ yaa palakɩ kɩwɛɛkɩm kpeɣyu sɔnzɩ yɔ. Pɔɔ ŋga ka-taa ɖɔɖɔ kɛ Yahanɛsɩ lɩm sɔyʊ kaasɔ Yeesu Krɩstʊ lɩm. Mbʊ yebina nɛ lɩm mbʊ pɩpɩsɩ lɩm kiɖeɖem. Pɔtɔkɩ peeɖe tɛ kazandʊ paa lɛlaɣ fenaɣ ŋga lɛ kɛtɛ kɩyakʊ 13.
Pamaza Zɔɔrdaanii ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ 89 342 km2 nɛ ɖenɖe lɩm wɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe takɩlɩ ɖɔʊ nɛ pɩmaɣna ɛzɩ 0,8 % yɔ. Ɖooo pɩnaɣ 2015 taa pakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ pana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 9 531 712 yɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa yee pakalɩɣ ɛyaa km2 taa kɔyɔ, panaɣ-wɛ ɛzɩ 107 yɔ. Agoza fenaɣ 25 pɩnaɣ 1946 kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩmʊ ɖɩ-tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊ. Payaɣ Zɔɔrdaanii kewiyaɣ ñʊʊdʊ kɩfalʊ se Abdalla II nɛ komina ñʊʊdʊ yɔ Hani al-Mulki.
Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, ŋgʊ lɛ araabʊ ɛlɛ aŋgilisi ñɛkɛna kʊènʊŋ ŋgʊ paanɩ ɛkɩlɩɣ yɔɔdʊ sukulinaa taa nɛ aseela tʊma taa yɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Amaanɩ nɛ ndʊ tɩkɩla walanzɩ ɖɔɖɔ. Yee ɛyʊ ɛsɔɔlaa se ɛyaa nɔɔyʊ kɛ kaŋgalafu yɔɔ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa kɔyɔ, pɩkɛna-ɩ kɩjɛyʊʊ se ɛma +962 ɛ-tɛ kaŋgalafu kpata yɔɔ pʊcɔ ŋɛ ɛɛma pɩtɛ ɛyʊʊ kaŋgalafu nimaɣ mayaɣ. Liidiye nɖɩ pɔtɔkɩ-ɖɩ peeɖe yɔ payaɣ-ɖɩ se tiinaarɩ zɔɔrdaanɩyɛ.


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ÑƲƲ 135
Yesu fema nɛ ɛwɩlɩ ɛ-tɩ ɛyaa sakɩyɛ
LUKA 24:13-49 YOHANƐƐSƖ 20:19-29
YESU WƖLƖ Ɛ-TƖ TƆMMƲYAA NAALƐ EMAYUUSƖ NƲMƆƲ TAA
ƐLƖZƖ MASƖ SAKƖYƐ TAA Ɛ-TƆMKPƐLƖKƖYAA
LƐƐLƐƐYƆ TOMAA ƐƐTASƖƔ PƖTƲƲ
Tɔmkpɛlɩkɩyaa kaawɛ ɛsɛñɩŋɩyɛ taa siŋŋ Kujuka wiye, Nisaŋ kɩyakʋ 15 ŋgʋ wiye. Paasɩŋ se ɛbɛ laba nɛ Yesu pɩlaʋ wɛɛ kpɛɖɛ mbʋ. (Maatiyee 28:9, 10; Luka 24:11) Kɩyakʋ kʋyʋmʋʋ ŋgʋ ki-wiye Kleyoopaasɩ nɛ tɔmkpɛlɩkɩyʋ nɔɔyʋ pakʋyɩ Yerusalɛm nɛ powoki tɛtʋ ndʋ payaɣ se Emayuusɩ yɔ tɩ-taa. Tiiposini Yerusalɛm ɛzɩ kilomɛtanaa 11 mbʋ yɔ.
Pɔɖɔŋ nɛ pɛkɛdɩɣ mbʋ pɩlaba yɔ, pɩ-tɔm. Pɩkɛdaa lɛ, ɛgɔm nɔɔyʋ lɩɩ pɔ-yɔɔ. Ɛpɔzɩ-wɛ se: “Tɔm ndʋ ɩyɔɔdʋʋ mbʋ nʋmɔʋ taa, nɛ ɩcaɣ pʋtɔdɩyɛ mbʋ?” Kleyoopaasɩ cosi-i se: “Ɛzɩ ñe-yeke na ɛgɔm Yerusalɛm, weyi ɛtɩnɩɩ tɔm ndʋ tɩlabɩ peeɖe wɛɛ anɛ yɔ a-taa yɔ?” Ɛgɔm pɔzɩ-wɛ se: “Tɔm ndʋ?”—Luka 24:17-19.
Pocosi-i se: “Yesu Nazarɛɛtɩ tʋ tɔm.” Nɛ patasɩ yɔɔdʋʋ se: “Ðɩtaɣaɣ liu se ɛnʋ kaɣnɩ Izrayɛɛlɩ ñʋʋ yabʋ, ɛlɛ kɩyakɩŋ naadozo yɔ tɔm ndʋ tɩ-labʋ yɔ.”—Luka 24:19-21.
Kleyoopaasɩ nɛ ɛ-taabalʋ papaɣzɩ kɛdʋʋ mbʋ pɩlabɩ puwiye ɖeyi ɖeyi yɔ. Peheyi abalʋ ɛnʋ se halaa nabɛyɛ wobi Yesu pɩlaʋ yɔɔ nɛ pamaɣnɩ-kʋ kpɛɖɛ, nɛ halaa mba pɛwɛ pɩlaʋ ŋgʋ kɩ-cɔlɔ peeɖe lɛ, pana piti lakasɩ nasɩyɩ. Tiyiyaa nabɛyɛ lɩ pɔ-yɔɔ nɛ peheyi-wɛ se Yesu wɛnɩ ɛ-ɛza. Pɛkɛdɩ-ɩ ɖɔɖɔ se alɩwaatʋ ndʋ lalaa wobi pɩlaʋ yɔɔ peeɖe lɛ, “pana ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ halaa naʋ yɔ.”—Luka 24:24.
Pɩtʋʋ fɛyɩ se mbʋ pɩlaba yɔ, pisidi tɔmkpɛlɩkɩyaa panɛ pa-lɩmaɣza taa. Peeɖe ɛgɔm ɛnʋ ecosi-wɛ, nɛ eheyi-wɛ kpayɩ se pa-lɩmaɣza ana atɩtʋʋzɩ. Ɛyɔɔdaa se: “Hayɩ kɩmɛlɛmɩŋ-mɩ, mɩ-laŋɩyɛ wɛ kpɩzɩŋ, nɛ ititisi tɔm kpeekpe ndʋ nayaa kaaheyaa yɔ. Ɛzɩ pɩtaawɛɛnɩ Krɩstʋ se ɛnɩɩ siziŋ mbʋ nɛ pʋcɔ ɛsʋʋ e-Kewiyaɣ taa yaa we?” (Luka 24:25, 26) Peeɖe ɛpaɣzɩ-wɛ lɩzʋʋ Masɩ nzɩ sɩyɔɔdʋʋ Krɩstʋ yɔɔ tɔm yɔ, sɩ-taa sakɩyɛ taa.
Pa-naadozo pɔkɔm se pasʋʋ Emayuusɩ tɛtʋ taa lɛ, ɛzɩma tɔmkpɛlɩkɩyaa kaasɔɔlaa se panɩɩ tɔm taa camɩyɛ nɛ pɩkpaɖɩ yɔ, peheyi ɛgɔm ɛnʋ se: “Kɔɔ nɛ ɖa nɛ ŋ ɖɩsʋʋ cɩnɛ, mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ wɩsɩ ɖʋwa nɛ hadɛ lɛdaa.” Peeɖe etisaa nɛ ɛsʋʋ ɖɩɣa nɛ pɔtɔɔ tɔɔnaɣ. Ɛtɩmaa nɛ ɛkpaɣ kpɔnʋ nɛ ɛpɛlɩ nɛ ɛcɛlɩɣ-wɛ lɛ, pɛ-ɛza yɔɔ cɛ nɛ pasɩmɩ-ɩ se ɛnʋ lɛ Yesu. Ɛlɛ ɛcaŋ ɛmʋʋ pɛ-ɛzɩdaa peeɖe. (Luka 24:29-31) Lɛɛlɛɛyɔ, pana kpayɩ kpayɩ se Yesu nɛ ɛ-ɛza.
Tɔmkpɛlɩkɩyaa mba pa-taa labɩ leleŋ siŋŋ nɛ pɔyɔɔdʋʋnɩ ɖama se: “Cɔnɩ ɛyɔɔdaɣnɩ-ɖʋ nʋmɔʋ taa nɛ ɛlɩzɩɣ-ɖʋ takayaɣ kiɖeɖeɣa tɔbʋʋ nɛ ɖa-taa lakɩ leleŋ!” (Luka 24:32) Pakʋyɩ kpaagbaa nɛ papɩsɩ Yerusalɛm apostoloowaa nɛ tɔmkpɛlɩkɩyaa lalaa cɔlɔ. Kleyoopaasɩ nɛ ɛ-taabalʋ patalaa nɛ patɩtɩɩyɔɔdɩtɩ pɔ-tɔm lɛ, lalaa heyi-wɛ se: “Kɩbaɣlʋ fema tʋtʋyɛ taa, ɛwɩlɩ ɛ-tɩ Siimɔɔ.” (Luka 24:34) Pʋwayɩ lɛ, pɛkɛdɩ mbʋ pɩlabɩ alɩwaatʋ ndʋ Yesu lɩ pɔ-yɔɔ yɔ. Toovenim, mba ɖɔɖɔ pana Yesu nɛ pɛ-ɛza.
Lɛɛlɛɛyɔ, Yesu ɖaɣnɩ pɔ-yɔɔ lɩʋ ɖaŋ ŋgʋ kɩ-taa paawɛɛ yɔ. Pɩlabɩ-wɛ piti siŋŋ, mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ, paakaɖɩ ɖaŋ nɔnɔɔ se Yuda ñɩma ɩtaakɔɔ pasʋʋ pɔ-yɔɔ. Paa mbʋ yɔ, Yesu sʋwa nɛ ɛsɩŋ pɛ-hɛkʋ taa. Ɛsɛɛ-wɛ nɛ nɔɔ kɩbaŋa se: “Mɩ nɛ laŋhɛzɩyɛ.” Ɛlɛ sɔɔndʋ kpaɣaɣ-wɛ siŋŋ. Ɛzɩ paatɛm maɣzʋʋ alɩwaatʋ natʋyʋ taa yɔ, ‘paasɩm se fezuu nakʋyʋ peɖiɣni naʋ.’—Luka 24:36, 37; Maatiyee 14:25-27.
Yesu kaasɔɔlaa se ɛsɩnɩ-wɛ nɛ panɩɩ pɩ-taa se pɩtɩkɛ ñazɩñazʋʋ nakʋyʋ, ɛlɛ ɛnʋ ɛɖaɣnɩnɩ fem. Pʋyɔɔ ɛwɩlɩ-wɛ ɛ-nandasɩ nɛ ɛ-naataŋ nɛ ɛpɔzɩ-wɛ se: “Pɩlabɩ ɛzɩma nɛ pʋcɔzʋʋ-mɩ nɛ maɣzɩm mbʋ yɔ pɩkɔŋ mɩ-laŋa taa? Ɩcɔnɩ ma-nandasɩ nɛ ma-naataŋ, tʋtʋyɛ taa ma; itukuni-m nɛ ɩna.” (Luka 24:36-39) Pɩɖɩɣzɩ-wɛ nɛ pa-taa la leleŋ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ, ɛlɛ pa-taa tɩtɛ se Yesu maɣmaɣ femna.
Pɩsa nɛ pasɩmɩ-ɩ lɛ, ɛpɔzɩ-wɛ se: “Kʋtɔɔm nabʋyʋ wɛ mɩ-cɔlɔ cɩnɛ?” Ɛmʋ kpakpayaɣ kɩwɩsaɣ titiɖe nɛ ɛtɔɔ. Pʋwayɩ lɛ, eheyi-wɛ se: “Ma nɛ mɩ ɖɩɩwɛɛ [pʋcɔ nɛ mansɩkɩ] nɛ meheyi-mɩ ndʋ yɔ, ndʋ tɩlabɩna yɔ: Se pɩwɛɛ se tɔm ndʋ pama takayaɣ kiɖeɖeɣa taa, Moyizi nɛ Keɣsi takayaɣ taa yɔ, tɩla.”—Luka 24:41-44.
Yesu kaatɛm sɩnʋʋ Kleyoopaasɩ nɛ ɛ-taabalʋ nɛ panɩɩ masɩ taa camɩyɛ. Lɛɛlɛɛyɔ, mbʋ ɖɔɖɔ eɖiɣni sɩnʋʋ mba pekpeɣli cɩnɛ yɔ. Eheyi-wɛ se: “Pama mbʋ, nɛ mbʋ ɖɔɖɔ pɩwɛɛ se Ɛsɔ Pɩyalʋ ɛnɩɩ siziŋ nɛ efe nɛ ɛlɩɩ sɩɖaa taa nɛ pawɩlɩ ajɛɛ kpeekpe, ɛ-hɩɖɛ taa, kɩwɛɛkɩm kpeɣu tɔm, pɩpaɣzɩnɩ Yerusalɛm. Mɩkɛnɩ pɩ-tɛ aseɣɖe tɩnaa.”—Luka 24:46-48.
Puwiye lɛ, apostoloo Tomaa taawɛɛ pɛ-hɛkʋ taa. Pʋyɔɔ pʋwayɩ lalaa kɔm pana-ɩ lɛ, peheyi-i nɛ taa leleŋ se: “Ðɩna Kɩbaɣlʋ.” Tomaa cosi-wɛ se: “Ye mantɩna ɛ-nandasɩ taa ñɩma pɔŋ nɛ mansʋzɩ ɩ-taa me-niye nɛ mɛlɛkɩ me-nesi ɛ-hʋyʋʋ taa pɔʋ taa kɔyɔ, maatisiɣ kaaʋ.”—Yohanɛɛsɩ 20:25.
Tomaa yɔɔdɩ mbʋ nɛ pɩtalɩ kɩyakʋ lutozo ŋgʋ wiye lɛ, tɔmkpɛlɩkɩyaa ɖaɣnɩ kpeɣluu ɖaŋ nakʋyʋ taa. Puwiye lɛ, ɛ-maɣmaɣ ɛɛwɛ peeɖe. Paakaɖɩ ɖaŋ nɔnɔɔ, ɛlɛ Yesu ɖaɣnɩ pɛ-hɛkʋ taa lɩʋ nɛ ɛsɛɛ-wɛ se: “Mɩ nɛ laŋhɛzɩyɛ.” Yesu kɛzɩ ɛ-tɩ nɛ Tomaa yɔɔ nɛ eheyi-i se: “Sʋzɩ ñe-niye cɩnɛ yɔ, nɛ ŋcɔnɩ ma-nandasɩ, kɔnɩ ñe-nesi nɛ ŋlɛkɩ ma-hʋyʋʋ taa, nɛ taatasɩ kɛʋ ndɛŋgbɛzaɣ tʋ, ɛlɛ kɛ tisiyu.” Tomaa cosi-i se: “Hayɩ, man-Kɩbaɣlʋ nɛ mɛ-Ɛsɔ.” (Yohanɛɛsɩ 20:26-28) Lɛɛlɛɛyɔ, Tomaa tisaa se Yesu kɛ fezuu taa ɛyʋ weyi Ɛsɔ tiyaa yɔ.
Peeɖe Yesu pɔzɩ-ɩ se: “Tomaa, ŋna-m yɔɔ, ŋtisaa?” Nɛ ɛtasɩ yɔɔdʋʋ se: “Koboyaɣ tɩnaa kɛlɛ mba patɩna nɛ petisiɣ mbʋ yɔ.”—Yohanɛɛsɩ 20:29.


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Nepaalɩ
Nepaalɩ nɛ hadɛ kiŋ lɛ Siini ɛjaɖɛ wɛna piyele kpaɣna wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ Ɛndɩ tɛtʊ wadɩna. Nepaalɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa nikaɣ wɛ camɩyɛ Terayɩ hɔɔlʊʊ pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩ ɖenɖe keteŋa kpeekpe taa pʊŋ kɩla kʊyʊʊ yɔ.
Keteŋa kpeekpe taa pʊŋ hiu weyi ɛkɩlɩ kʊyʊʊ yɔ ɛ-taa lɛ panaɣ litozo Nepaalɩɛjaɖɛ taa; ɛ-taa kɔyɔ Everɛstɩ, pʊ kʊnɛ nɛ Tibɛtɩ pasɩna ɖama kamaɣ. Nepaalɩ kɛna ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩwɛna kajʊka kpem ɛsɩyɛ ekpena tɔm taa pɩlɩɩna mbʊ pɩwɛ peeɖe yɔ.
Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ nɛ ndʊ tɩ taa :es:indaa wobu kɩlaa yɔ lɛ Katɩmandʊ. Tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ lɛɛtʊ yɔ: Pokara, Lalipiiri, Paktaapiiri, Pirandranaagaari, Hɛtoda, Piitiwaali, Paratipuuri, Sidaritanagari, Pirigaani, Sankipuuri, Nepaaligaani, Taraŋ, Taŋgadɩ nɛ Mahɛndranagaarɩ.
Nepaalɩ ɛjaɖɛ mʊ ɖɩ-tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊ pɩnaɣ 1768 nɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩñʊʊtʊ kɩfalʊ payaɣ se ɖo-ɖoo Bidhya Devi Bhandari, piyele kewiyaɣ ñʊʊtʊ yɔ Khadga Prasad Sharma Oli. Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pɔyɔɔdɩɣ komina tʊma taa yɔ lɛ Nepaalɩ nɛ liidiye yɔ nepaalɩ rʊpii. Kʊnʊmɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ tɩnaa ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa ɛyaa ɖɛ ɛzɩ 60 yɔ.


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Ɔsɩloo
Ɔsɩloo kɛna Nɔrɩvɛɛzɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ. Ɖooo pɩnzɩ 1624 nɛ 1924 lɛ, payawaɣ tɛtʊ tʊnɛ se Kristiyaniya. Kɔlaɣ fenaɣ kacalaɣ wiye pɩnaɣ 1925 kɛ papaazʊ yaʊ se tɛtʊ tʊnɛ se Ɔsɩloo. Pɩnaɣ 2010 taa pakala ɛyaa kɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa lɛ, pɛkpɛnda 1 403 268 nɛ pa-taa lɛ, mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ lɛ, caɣyaa kpɛnda 2. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-walanzɩ maɣna 450 km2 nɛ tɩ-taa haba sɔsɔna nɛ cikpena wɛɛ, pɩtasɩna sulukiŋ kpayɩsɩ ɖɩ-ɖɔnɖɛ.
Ɔsɩloo tɛtʊ hɛkʊ taa pɔɔ nakɛyɛ wɛɛ nɛ payaɣ-kɛ se Akɛrsɛlva ɛlɛ tɛtʊ tʊnɛ pɩyɩsɩ cɔ-tʊ kpɛɛɛ nɛ sɩtaa. Peeɖe tɛtʊ ndʊ lɩm cɔ-tʊ nɛ pɩta yɔ, tɩtala hiuwaa naanza nɛ tɩ-taa sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Malɩmooya, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se ɖenɖe ñɩɣtʊ ñɩɣɖɛ. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-walanzɩ taa talɩʊ ɛzɩ 0,56 km2 yɔ. Ɔsɩloo tɛtʊ taa kujomiŋŋ tala ɛzɩ 343 yɔ.
Ɛzɩ tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ lɛɛtʋ ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, Ɔsɩloo tɛtʊ nɛ ajɛya lɛɛna taa tɛtʋ ɖʋ taabalɩyɛ nɛ palakɩ tʋm kʋɖʋma se tɔsʋʋ nɛ ɛsɩnda wobu ɛɖɛɛna poliŋ. Tɛtʋ ndʋ yɔ: Anvɛɛrɩ (Pɛlɩziki), Caŋgayɩ (Siini), Kopɛnɩhaagɩ (Tanɩmarɩkɩ), Hɛlɩsinki (Fɛɛlandɩ); Reyikzaviki (Isilandɩ), Tɛlaviivi (Izrɛɛlɩ), Filniyusi, (Lituyaanii), Rotɛrɩdam (Peyibaa), Farɩsovii (Polɔɔñɩ), Sɛɛpetɛrsɩbuuri (Ruusii) nɛ Pɛlɩgradɩ (Sɛrbii).


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Kɩbɩnjaazɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ
Kɩbɩnjaazɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ, pɩkɛ tɩlɩyɛ kɩkpɛlɛkɩm mbʊ pɩ-lɩmazɩyɛ kɛlɛ se pɛkpɛlɛkɩ ɛyʊ tɔm ɖooo caanaʊ alɩwaatʊ pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩ nɔɔnɔɔ wɛɛ pɩlɩna kɩ-tɛ lɛɣtʊ laɣsɩ yɔɔ pɩtɩŋna aseɣɖe wondu ndʊ tɩɩwɛɛ nɛ pɩkɛ kɩjɛyɩɣ se pɔtɔzɩ tɩ-yɔɔ (wondu, mɔɔ, tadasɩ, liidiye pɔyɩsɩ, ajana wondu, tɔɔlaa, naacalɩm, ɖɩɖɔnɖɛ, tɔlɩm, you wondu, anja nɛ tʊma ɖɩlaɖɛ).
Kɩbɩnjaazɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ, yee pɔñɔtɩna-kʊ nɛ tɔmɩŋ ɛsɩndaa ɖɛnaʊ yɔɔ kɔyɔ, pʊpɔza kʊ-tʊmɩyɛ labʊ taa tɛtʊ tʊmɩyɛ tɔm, ŋgʊ tɔm kɛdɩyʊ siɣye taa lɛ, takayɩsɩ kɛna kiɖe kajalaɣ nɖɩ. Ŋgʊ kɩbɩnjaazɩ tɔm kpɛlɛkɩyʊ lakɩ tʊmɩyɛ ɖɔɖɔ nɛ takayɩsɩ yee sɩwɛɛ kɔyɔ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ ɛlakɩ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ ɛjaɖɛ fezuu labʊ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ yaa ɛyʊ yɔɔ tɩlɩtʊ tʊmɩyɛ (ndʊ wɛna hadɛ yɔ).
Paa kiɖe tɛ kɩbɩnjaazɩ takayɩsɩ ɛɛwɛɛ yaa sɩ-fɛyɩ kɔyɔ pɩsama nɛ paɖʊ tʊkasɩ ndɩ ndɩ kɩbɩnjaazɩ tɔm kpɛlɛkʊʊ caɣyɛ hɔɔlɩŋ sɔsɔŋ naatozo: Kɩbɩnjaazɩ tɔm nɛ pʊcɔ canaʊ tɔm alɩwaatʊ (kiɖe tɛɛ kɩbɩnjaazɩ takayɩsɩ taafɛyɩ), kɩbɩnjaazɩ tɔm nɛ ɖeɖe tɔm ɛsɩndaa (ɛyaa mba patawɛna kiɖe tɛɛ canaʊ takayɩsɩ ɛlɛ pɔyɔɔda pɔ-tɔm nɔɔnɔɔ wɛɛ taa yɔ) nɛ kɩbɩnjaazɩ tɔm ndʊ tɩkɛ tɔm kɛdɩtʊ alɩwaatʊ ñɩndʊ (mbʊ lɛ, kiɖe tɛɛ kɩbɩnjaazɩ tɔm takayɩsɩ wɛɛ).
Tɔmpiye kɩbɩnjaazɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ lɩna Krɛkɩ kɩbɩnʊʊ kʊnʊŋ taa archaiología nɛ pama-ɖɩ nɛ pʊtʊnaa pɛ-nɛ pa-naalɛ archaíos pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se kɩbɩm nɛ lógos tɔbʊʊ se tɔmpiye, tɔmʊʊ, yɔɔdaɣ. Paa ɛzɩmta lɛ pɩkɛ ɛyʊ lʊba mbʊ nɛ e-nesi yɔ pɩkpɛlɛkɩɣ mbʊ pɩpɔza lɛɣtʊ tʊmɩyɛ, mbʊ pɩkɛ kɩbɩnjaazɩ tɔm kpɛlɛkɩyʊ tʊmɩyɛ lɛ.
Matʊ ndʊ ɖɩsɩma sɔnɔ yɔ tɩlɩɣ yɔɔ pɩwɛɛ ɛzɩ pɩnzɩ kudokiŋ 5000 mbʊ yɔ nɛ ɛyaa mba pɛ-ɛsɛ kaatɛma cɛbʊ yeke lakaɣna matʊ ndʊ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ. Pɛtɛkɛ pɩyʊ yem nɛ pɩ-tɛ ɛyaa pa-hɩɖɛ kʊyɩ. Ɛlɛ, ɖɩcɔna ɖɔɖɔ kɔyɔ ɛyaa nabɛyɛ tɛ paa matʊ kaawɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ kɔyɔ pɩtɛkɛ tɔm tɩŋa papɩza pasɩɩ yaa tɛkɛ tɩtɩŋa palaba tɔsʊʊ. Pʊtʊnaa kɔɔnaɣ ñɩma mba pɔ-tɔm kaawɛ kɩjɛyɩɣ se patɩlɩ ɛyʊ yɔ nɛ ɛ-tɛ haɖaʊ ɛsɩnda ɖɛnaʊ yɔɔ, ɛ-tɛ wɛtʊ, kuduyuŋ kɩbɩŋ mbʊ yɔ kɩbɩnjaazɩ tɔm kpɛlɛkɩyʊ yebina nɛ patɩlɩ tɩtɩŋa payi.


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Tadɩyɛ
Tadɩyɛ kɛna tɔsʋʋ tʋmɩyɛ. Tɔsʋʋ tʋmɩyɛ ɖɩnɛ, ɖɩkɛna pɩyʋ yabʋ nɛ pɛdʋ. Pɛdʋ kɛna tʋmɩyɛ nɖɩ, kɛzaɣ kpaɖɩ ɖoyoo paa ɛsɩmtaa yɔ. Paa tadɩyɛ tʋ weyi, ɛlɩmaɣza keekee kɛlɛ size ɛyaba nɛ ɛpɛdɩ-ɩ lɛ, ehu kɛzɛyaɣ nɛ pʋɖɔ siŋŋ.
Tadɩyɛ wɛna ɖɩ-paɣtʋ. Tadɩyɛ paɣtʋ liɖe yaa ɖɩlɩyɛ lɩna paɣtʋ takayaɣ ŋga payaɣ kɛ size Code de commerce nɛ fransɩ kʋnʋŋ taa yɔ. Tadɩyɛ paɣtʋ ndʋ tɩkɛna ɛjaɖɛ yaa kedeŋa toovonim n̄ɩnʋʋ yaa tɔm hʋʋ tʋmɩyɛ takayaɣ sɔsaɣ ŋga kɔcɔŋna tadɩyɛ nɛ tɔsʋʋ huu nʋmɔʋ taa yɔ.
Yabʋ nɛ ɖɛzʋʋ yaa ɖaɣnʋʋ pɛdʋʋ kɛzaɣ n̄ɩnʋʋ kɛna tadɩyɛ tʋ maɣzɩm. Ɛlɛ, ɖɩɖɔkɛ ɖɔɖɔ size, tʋma ndɩ ndɩ nayɛ wɛɛ nɛ a-taa lɛ kɛzaɣ ɛzɩ-ɩ payaʋ size tɔsʋʋ yɔ, fɛyɛ kaɣlaɣ ɛzɩ wondu pɛdɩʋ yɔ. Pɩkɛna tʋma wena a-kɛzaɣ tɛkɛna wondu yaa liidiye n̄ɩnʋʋ yɔ.
Tʋma wena acɔŋna tɔsʋʋ yaa liidiye ɛsɩnda yɔ, a-taa nayɛ kɔyɔ : ɖɩkpaɣ ɛzɩ lɔŋ sɩɣsʋ sukuli taa yaa lɔŋ wɩlʋʋ paa le yɔ, nɛ polisi tʋmɩyɛ labʋ, nɛ ɛzakuliye lʋbʋ nʋmɔʋ taa ɖɔɖɔ mbɩ yɔ.
Pɩtaɩɩna piɖeke, ɛlɛ ɖɔkɔtɔ yaa fɛɖʋ tʋmɩyɛ labʋ, nɛ toovonim tɔm hʋʋ tʋmɩyɛ, nɛ kuduyuŋ maya sɔsaɣ tʋmɩyɛ labʋ, nɛ Ɛsɔ kɩlaŋ labɩyaa n̄ɛwɛ ɖɔɖɔ.
Pɩtasɩna ɖɔɖɔ, tɔm ɖɩhʋyɛ tɩnaa tʋma, nɛ tʋma ndɩ ndɩ yɔ cɔnɩyaa, nɛ paɣtʋ lɩzɩyaa tʋma ɖɔɖɔ mbɩ yɔ, atɛkɛna tadɩyɛ tɔsʋʋ n̄ɩnʋʋ n̄ɩna.
Ŋgbɛ naɖɩyɛ wɛɛ nɛ payaɣ-ɖɩ size Kedeŋa Kpeekpe Tadɩyɛ Ŋgbɛyɛ (Organisation mondiale du commerce). Nɖɩ cɔŋnana tadɩyɛ paɣtʋ kpeekpe yɔ.


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Jeruzalɛm
Jerualɛm yaa Iyerosolɩm kɛna Prɔsɩ Oriyaŋ taa tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ natʋyʋ. Tɛtʋ ndʋ tɩkɛna tɛtʋ ndʋ tɩkɛna ñamtʋ sɔsɔtʋ kɛ Yuɖa mba, Kristʋ mba nɛ Malɩŋ ɖɔɖɔ. Yeruzalɛm tɛtʋ walanzɩ taa maɣna ɛzɩ kilomɛtanaa 200km² yɔ nɛ pɩnaɣ 2015 taa pakalɩ kɩgalʋ lɛ, ɛyaa kpɛnda ɛzɩ 865 700 yɔ. Tɛtʋ ndʋ tɩ-hɛkʋ taa ɖeyi ɖeyi ɖenɖe ɛyaa samaɣ agbeɣla kɩla ɛʋ yɔ, ɛsɔ sɛtʋ aŋbga ndɩ ndɩ wɛ peeɖe, samaɣ ndɩ ndɩ, samaɣ nɛ ɛsɛkuliye nɛ tɔsʋʋ agbela sakɩyɛ wɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ.
Tɛtʋ ndʋ tɩ-taa hɔɔlʋ nakʋyʋ payaɣ se hɔɔlʋ kɩpɩnʋ nɛ kookasɩ sakɩyɛ cɔ-kʋ nɛ pɩta. Kookasɩ naasɩlɛ sɔsɔsɩ wɛna nɛ arabi mba kɩlɩna ɖɔʋ nɛ payaɣ-yɛ se krɩstʋ mba kooka yaa malɩŋ ñɩŋga. Hɔɔlʋ nakʋyʋ wɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ nɛ kɩ-taa lɛ aramiya kɩlɩna ɖɔʋ nɛ lɛɛkʋ taa lɛ yuɖa mba ñakɩlɩna ɖɔʋ. Yerusalɛm nɛ ajɛya naayɛ taa tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ natʋyʋ ɖʋ taabalɩyɛ nɛ palakɩ tʋm kʋɖʋma se tɔsʋʋ nɛ ɛsɩnda wobu ɛɖɛɛna poliŋ. Tɛtʋ ndʋ yɔ Niu Yɔrɩkɩ (Etazuni) nɛ Pragɩ (Cɛɛkɩ ɛjaɖɛ).


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Geoffrey Chaucer
Geoffrey Chaucer kɛ Aŋgɩlɩtɛɛrɩ tʋ. Palʋla ɖajaa Geoffrey Chaucer pɩnaɣ 1340 n̄ɩŋga taa. Lɔndrɩ tɛtʋ taa palʋla-ɩ. Patatɩlɩ Ɖajaa Geoffrey Chaucer sɩm kɩyakʋ ɖeyi ɖeyi.
Ɛlɛ, n̄ɩnɩyaa abɛyɛ tɔŋ se paa pɩɩla ɛzɩma yɔ, pɩnaɣ 1400 n̄ɩŋga taa ɛsɩba. Aŋgletɛɛrɩ tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ taa ɛsɩba ; pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se Lɔndrɩ tɛtʋ ɛsɩba. Ɛwɛna pɩnzɩ hiŋ loɖo (60) lɛ ɛsɩba.
Ɖajaa Geoffrey Chaucer kɛ takayɩsɩ mayʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ. Ɛma takayɩsɩ pɩlɩɩna hɔɔlɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ taa. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se ɛma keɣsi takayɩsɩ. Ɛma ɖɔɖɔ kedeŋa yɔɔ tɔm ndɩ ndɩ, Ɛtɛ ɛma tanaʋ takayɩsɩ. Ɛma ɖɔɖɔ ŋɖuliña takayɩsɩ nɛ ɛma ɖɔɖɔ aleɣya ñɩnzɩ sakɩyɛ. Ɛma ɖɔɖɔ mʋya takayɩsɩ sakɩyɛ. Sɩ-taa lɛɛka payaɣ se '' Canterbury maya". Kpaɖʋʋ hiu nɛ kagbaanzɩ (15) ñɩŋga taa ɛma mʋya takayaɣ kanɛ.
Ɖajaa Geoffrey Chaucer nɛ ɛ-taabalaa mba ɛ nɛ wɛ palakaɣ tʋmɩyɛ yɔ, pa-taa nabɛyɛ hɩla yɔ : ɖajaa John Gower nɛ ɖajaa William Langland nɛ ɖajaa Pearl Poet. Ɖajaa Geoffrey Chaucer kɛŋna Aŋgletɛɛrɩ ɛjaɖɛ tɛ takayɩsɩ mayaa kajalaɣ ñɩma taa tʋ nɔoyʋ. Payaɣ ɛ-caa size John Chaucer.


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Tɔɔla wondu
Tɔɔla wondu kɛna wondu kuzusutu yaa tomnaɣ yɔ huzuu wondu. Pɩpɩzʋ pɩkɛ tokonaa yaa ɛzɩ pantalaŋ yaa cokodonaa mbɩ yɔ. Tɔɔla wondu ndʋ, tɩkɛna wondu cakɩna waa yaa ɛzɩ-ɩ payaɣʋ size wondu kuzusutu.
Wondu tɩsɩʋnana ɛyʋ yaa tomna kifeza tɔnʋʋ. Ɛyʋ suu wondu nɛ ɛlʋbɩna nikaɣ yaa ɛzɩ ehuzi e-tomnaɣ yɔɔ nɛ ɛn̄ɛlɩ yaa ewobina lone yaa hɛkʋ ŋgʋ kɩ-taa ɛsɔɔlaa se ewolo yɔ. Wondu kuzusutu ndʋ nakʋma yaa nantaŋgbala nɛ hulasɩ fɛyɩ na pɩ-taa.
Tɔɔla wondu kuzusutu tʋnɛ, sakɩyɛ taa palaba tʋ nɛ pɩzatʋ wondu ɛlɛ, pɩzatʋ wondu ndʋ palakɩna tʋʋ mbɩ yɔɔ yɔ, tikiɖe yaa tɩɖɩlɩyɛ ɖala siŋŋ. Pɩtɛkɛ sɔnɔ alɩwaatʋ taa pɩzatʋ. Pɩkɛ pɩzatʋ ndʋ tɩwɛ ɖoo lɔnda nimasi yaa nɩlɔŋ waa tɩyɛ yɔ.
Pɩtɛkɛ lɛlɛɛ tɛ kpaɖʋ taa nimasi, nimasi sɩnɛ sɩlɩwa pileɖa. Palɩzɩʋ yaa poluku wondu kuzusutu tʋnɛ nɛ pʋmʋʋna paa kpaɖʋ yaa wɛɛ wena lɛ. Wondu kusutu yaa tɔɔla wondu kuzusutu ndʋ palakaɣ nɛ posuu ɖoo lɔndaa yaa alɩwaatʋ ndʋ tɩɖɛwa yɔ tɩ-taa yɔ, pɩtɛkɛ ndʋ pɔɖɔɔna suu sɔnɔ alɩwaatʋ taa.
Ɖoo lɔndaa ɛyaa yaa ɛyaa pɛlɛɛm lʋlʋʋwaa paza wondu suu yaa tɔɔla tɔlʋʋ yaa suu pɩlaba pɩnzɩ 83 000 mbɩ yɔ yaa 170 000 kɛ mbɩ yɔ. Ɖoo caanaʋ taa ɛyaa pɛlɛɛm lʋlʋʋ waa mba payaɣna Fransɩ kʋnʋŋ taa size "Homo sapiens".


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Sɛnɔɔ
Sɛnɔɔ kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 54 nɛ yʊsaɣ ñɩŋa yɔ Xe. Ɛkɛ fefeku kɩbaŋʊ ŋgʊ kɩfɛyɩ sɔŋ nɛ kɩfɛyɩna sɛmɩŋ ɖɔɖɔ. Miŋ kandʊ naa taa lɛ ɛlɩzɩɣ mʊntʊsʊʊ yuulee ŋgʊ. Tɔmɩŋ pɩlʊʊ nɔmɔʊ taa lɛ, sɛnɔɔ tɔmpiye lina krɛkɩ kʊnʊŋ taa se Eέvoς (xenos), nɛ pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se ɛgɔm. Paya hɩɖɛ nɖɩ mbʊ yɔ pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se paalɩ ɛ-yɔɔ lɛ patatɩɩ tɩlɩta-ɩ, kɛlɛ paya-ɩ ɛgɔm fefeku kɛ krypton alɩwaatʊ ndʊ payaɣa hɩla kɛ fefekiŋ kɛtɛɖaɣ ñɩŋ (arɩkɔŋ, krɩptoŋ, sɛnɔɔ) kpaɣɖʊ 19 tɛmtʊ taa.
Palɩ sɛnɔɔ yɔɔ pɩnaɣ 1898 wɛɛ taa pɩtɩŋna William Ramsay yɔɔ nɛ Morris William Travers alɩwaatʊ ndʊ patakaɣa helim caajasɩ nɛ mʊntʊsʊʊ weluu yɔ kɛlɛ paalɩzɩɣ ɔkɩsɩzɛnɩ nɛ azɔɔtɩ. Posoŋa helim miŋ saʊ nɛ palɩzɩɣ sɛnɔɔ. Pɩsa nɛ posoŋi helim lɛ, pɩpɔzʊʊ se pañazɩ-pʊ nɛ pɩpɩsɩ lɩm (ɛsaɣ miŋ nɛ pɩpɩsɩɣ fefeku, ɛlɛ paɖɩna-ɩ ñazɩɣ nɛ pe-niidi-ɩ lɛ ɛpɩsɩɣ lɩm.
Kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkɩyaa William Ramsay nɛ Morri Travers kaalɩna sɛnɔɔ yɔɔ hasɩyaɖɛ fena;g kɩyaku 12 pɩnaɣ 1898, ɛlɛ mbʊ lɛ piteleri ɛzɩ paatɛm lɩɣ krɩpɔnɩ nɛ nɛyɔɔ yɔɔ. Ramsay tɔmna se payaa fefeku kɩfalʊ ŋgʊ hɩɖɛ sɛnɔɔ ɛlɛ pɩtɩŋna krɛkɩ kʊnʊŋ yɔɔ Eέvov nɛ pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se ɛgɔm.
Pɩnaɣ 1939 wɛɛ taa Albert R. Behnke Jr laba tʊmɩyɛ se ɛna mbʊ pʊyɔɔ lɩm yayaa mba pɛɖɛʊ lɩŋgamɩŋ sɔsɔŋ taa ɛbɛ yebina nɛ pa-ñʊʊŋ taa cɔʊʊ, se papɩzɩɣ paɖʊ helɩm kpaɖaba taa ɛyʊ feziɣ-pʊ pɩkɩlɩ ɖeu ɛzɩ awayɩ helim yɔ. Ɛ-tɛ tʊmɩyɛ labʊ taa lɛ, ɛna ɖɔɖɔ se papɩzɩɣ pakpaɣ pʊtʊ pɔsʊ ɛyʊ tomnaɣ hɔɔlʊʊ nakʊyʊ kɩsɩ nɛ pɩsa nɛ pala tʊmɩyɛ pɩ-tɛ ɛyʊ ɛnʊ.


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Pɩyɛ pɩnzɩ (Age de la Pièrre)
Pɩyɛ kɩsɛyɩyɛ wɛɛ yaa pɩnzɩ, pɩkɛ kɩbɩnjaazɩ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɛyaa lukaɣ wondu nɛ kaaŋ nɛ halɩ pɔkɔɔ patɩlɩ miŋ lubu yɔ.
Ɖasɩ nɛ mɔɔ palakaɣ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ ɛlɛ, pɩyɛ nɛ kɔzɩ kɔzɩ pɩcakpalamɩyɛ, palakanaɣ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ polukina wondu ndʊ tɩpɩɣɩɣ nɛ ɖɔɖɔ you wondu. Pɩyɛ wɛɛ ɖeɖe nɛ sɔnɔ pɩsa tɔmʊʊ kɩkpadɩyʊ nɛ pɔsɔɔlɩ nɛ patayɩ-ɩ hɔɔlɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ. Hɔɔlɩŋ ɛnʊ yɔ pɛɛ saɣʊ alɩwaatʊ nɛ pɛɛ wondu alɩwaatʊ nɛ pɛɛ wondu kɩfaatʊ alɩwaatʊ. Kɩbɩnjaazɩ wɛɛ ana pɛtɛyɩ-yɛ ɖɔɖɔ sakɩyɛ.
Pɩlʊʊ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa lɛɛzʊʊ pɩlɩna lone caɣyɛ cɔlɔ nɛ tɔmɩŋ weyi ɛyʊ ɖɔka yɔ ɛ-cɔlɔ. Paa ɛyʊ ɛpɩzɩɣ yɔɔdʊʊ pɩyɛ alɩwaatʊ tɔm kʊɖʊm taa kɔyɔ, ɛyaa nabɛyɛ sakɩyɛ taatɩlɩ kaʊ ñɩɣlɩm tʊmɩyɛ naɖɩyɛ halɩ pacaɣ pa-kɩsɩŋgɩlɩtʊ taa pʊkɔɔ pɩtalɩ ɛsakuliye kɩfam lɛɛzɩtʊ alɩwaatʊ. Ɛlɛ ɖɩpɩzɩɣ ɖɩtɔɔ kʊɖʊm taa wɛɛ ana apaza pɩtalɩ ɛzɩ pɩnzɩ miiliyɔɔ naa naalɛ nɛ hɔɔlʊʊ mbʊ yɔ. Alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa kɛ kajalaɣ ɛyaa paɣzɩ lubu wondu.
Ɖɩmaɣzɩ sakɩyɛ taa se wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ kɩmaɣnɩyɛ taa ajɛyɛ nɛ Azii nɛ hadɛ-wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa ajɛyɛ sʊ wɛɛ ana a-taa kɛ pɩyɛ alɩwaatʊ tɛmtʊ cɔlɔ ɛzɩ pɩnzɩ 6000 pʊcɔ palʊlɩ Yeesu-Krɩstʊ. Eerɔpʊ nɛ Azii hɔɔlʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩkazaa yɔ nɛ Afrika kedeŋga kɛ pɩnzɩ 4000 pʊcɔ palʊlɩ Yeesu-Krɩstʊ nɛ Amerika ɛsakuliye kɛ pɩnzɩ 2500 pʊcɔ palʊlɩ Yeesu-Krɩstʊ.


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Afrika nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʋyɛ taa kujomiŋ
Afrika wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa lɩŋgamɩŋ kɛna kujomiŋ sɔsɔŋ weyi ɛhɛ Afrika hɛkʊ nɛ hɛkʊ taa nɛ ɛpɩlɩ ɖama pɩlaɣɣ nɛ pɩtalɩ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa yɔ. Afrika wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa kujomiŋ ɛnɛ ɛkpaɣna ɛzɩ tɛtʊ hɛkʊ nɛ hɛkʊ taa kejeɣa 5° hayʊ kiŋ yɔ nɛ pɩtalɩ ɛzɩ 15° hadɛ kiŋ yɔ.
Afrika wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa kujomiŋ taa sɔsɔŋ kɔyɔ: Fikitoriya Kujomuu, kujomuu kʊnɛ, ŋgʊ lɛ naalɛ ñɩŋgʊ kedeŋa kpeekpe taa lɩŋgamɩŋ weyi ɛkɩlɩ walanzɩ yɔ; Tanganika kujomuu, kʊkʊ lɛ keteŋa kpeekpe taa naalɛ ñɩŋgʊ ɖɔɖɔ kujomiŋ weyi ɛlɛ kɩlɩ liŋguu yɔ. Afrika wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa kujomiŋ ɛnɛ ɛfɛyɩ kpayɩ kpayɩ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ Fikitoriya Kujomuu, Albert nɛ Edouard kujomiŋ ɖeke kpeŋna nɛ ɛfalɩɣ Niili Pɔɔ kʊlʊmaɣ taa. Pɛtɛkpɛndɩna Rukwa kujomuu nɛ Moero ñɩŋ.
Afrika wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa lɩŋgamɩŋ nɛ ɛ-tɛ kilomɛtanaa nabʊlɛ taa kɔ yɔ:
- Fikitoriya Kujomuu (68 100 km², 82 m)
- Tanganyika Kujomuu (32 900 km², 1 433 m)
- Malawi Kujomuu (30 900 km², 706 m)
- Turkana Kujomuu (6 405 km², 109 m)
- Rucha Kujomuu (5 760 km²)
- Albert Kujomuu (5 270 km², 51 m)
- Moero Kujomuu(5 120 km², 27 m)
- Kivu Kujomuu(2 700 km², 485 m)
- Édouard Kujomuu (2 150 km², 117 m)
- Kyoga Kujomuu (1 720 km², 5,7 m)


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Hindi kʊnʊŋ
Hindi kʊnʊŋ, kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ kɩ-ta lɛ, हिन्दी hindī, kɩ-kɛ kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlɩɣ-kʊ yɔɔdʊʊ kʊnʊmɩŋ taa yɔ Ɛɛndɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa yɔ. Pɩnaɣ 2015 taa lɛ, ɛyaa mɩnɩʊ yɔ lɛ, hɩŋ lʊbɛ yɔɔdʊʊ-kʊ yaa ɛyaa miiliyɔɔ waa mɩnɩŋ lʊbɛ yɔɔdʊʊ Ɛndi kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ nɔsɩ kpaɖʊ yɔ kpaɖʊ yɔ nɛ pada peeɖe lɛ, ɛyaa mba palʊla nɛ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ-kʊ patalɩɣ ɛyaa miiliyɔɔ 230 nɛ pʊyɔɔ mbʊ yɔ.
Hindi kʊnʊŋ pɩsa ɖeeɖe nɛ kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pawɩlɩɣ ageeta taa nɛ ɛjaɖɛ hɔɔlɩŋ tɩŋga sukuli naa taa yɔ. Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ kɩpɩsa ɖama hɛkʊ taa kʊnʊŋ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ canaʊ ɛjaɖɛ mancaɣ ñʊɣyɔ nɖɩ ɖɩyaɣ se Britaniiki tɛ kʊnʊŋ, kʊ-kʊ payaɣ se Englɩsɩɩ.
Pɔyɔɔdʊʊ-kʊ keeke Ɛndɩ nɛ hayi kɩŋ nɛ hɛkʊ taa, kɩ-kɛ Ɛndɩ-Erɔpʊ kʊnʊŋ. Kɩlɩna Ɛndo-aryennesk kʊnʊmɩŋ pɩlɩŋga taa ŋga kɛnɛ cejewiye nɖɩ ɖɩkɩlɩ walʊ yɔ. Kɩlɩna Sansɩkrɩtɩ nɛ prakrits waa ndɩ ndɩ yɔ lɛ, pama-kʊ nɛ alfasilabɛɛrɩ devanāgarī tɛ masɩ ŋgʊ pakalɩɣ nɛ pamana paa hɔɔlʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-ta lɩmɩyɛ yɔ yaa nesɩ kɩbanzɩ yɔ.
Pakisitaanɩ nzʊlɩmɩyɛ taa payaɣna Hindi kʊnʊŋ se Urdu nɛ pama-kʊ nɛ Arabɩɩ masɩ, lɩmɩyɛ yɔ yaa nɩwaŋ yɔ kɩ-tɛ lɛɛzʊ pɛrsanɩ taa yaa paa Pakɩsɩtanɩ taa yaa malɩŋ aŋgba taa Ɛndɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Kɩ-tɛ tɔm pee taa wɛna pɛrsanɩ nɛ arabɩ tɛ tɔm pee.
Ɛndi nɛ Urdu wɛna ɖama tɛ nɩɣʊ camɩyɛ nɩgbaŋgʊ nɛ nɔɣ tɛ nɛ paa mbʊ pɩ-ta, pʊcɔ pɩnaɣ 1947 tɛ tɛyʊʊ lɩɣ lɛ, Ɛndɩ nɛ Pakɩsɩtanɩ hɛɛkʊ taa kɛwɛ kʊnʊŋ kʊyʊmʊ nɛ kɩwɛ kiɖeke nɛ payaɣ-kʊ se Hindusɩtanɩ.


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Kɩlabɩm
Kɩlabɩm Tʊzʊʊ nɔmɔʊ taa lɛ payaɣ se kɩlabɩm pɩyʊ lɛ pɩkɛ akɔnta labɩtʊ tɔm ndɩ ndɩ ndʊ pɛkpɛnda se pɩha pɩyʊ weyi ɛwazɩɣ yɔ pɩtɩŋna kiɖe mbʊ paasɩma yɔ pʊyɔɔ. Kɩlabɩm mbʊ pɩpɩzɩɣ pɩkɛ nɔmɔŋ wɩlɩɣ takayaɣ kɩɖʊɖaɣ kɛ anasaayɩ ñɩɣtʊ taa. Wiluu nɛ takɩɣ hɔɔlʊʊ taa lɛ, pɔyɔɔdʊʊ pʊ-tɔm lɛ pɩkɛ ñʊŋ kalɩtʊ pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se paa ɛzɩmta lɛ panaɣ ñʊʊ.
Wiluu nɛ takɩɣ nɔmɔʊ keekee taa lɛ, kɩlabaa wɛna lɛɛzɩyaa keekee, kɛlɛ ñʊŋ nɩɩyɛ wɛɛ paapɩzɩɣ palabɩ-sɩ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ keekee nɛ payaa-sɩ se pekizina-m waa. Ɖɩcɔna kɔyɔ sɩ-taa kɔyɔ mayaɣ kpɛɖɛ ñɩŋa mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ paapɩzɩɣ pɛtɛyɩ mayaɣ ŋga nɛ mabʊyʊ.
Papɩzɩɣ nɛ palɩzɩɣ tɔmʊʊ ŋgʊ kʊ-tɔbʊʊ pɩtɩŋna Leibniz yɔɔ ɖooo kpaɣɖʊ 17 tɛmtʊ wɛɛ taa. Pɩɩkɛ se paɖʊ paa lone nɖɩ lɛ ɖɩ-yɔɔ kɛ pɩyʊ, ɛzɩ ɖoli kʊyʊm tukunayʊ. Mbʊ se patɩlɩ paa lone nɖɩ mbʊ yɔ kɛ Jean Bernouilli nɛ Euler paɖanɩɣ tɔbɩŋ lɛɛŋ lɩzɩɣ keekee.


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Maɣzɩm taa tazʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ
Maɣzɩm taa tazʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ, Sigmund Freud kɛna kiɖe ɖʊyʊ kɛlɛ ɛlɩzɩ tɔbʊʊ se ɖɩnɩɩ, kajalaɣ lɛ, pɩkɛ piye piye wiluu tʊmɩyɛ nɛ pɩcaɣ kaɖɛ piŋ. Nabʊlɛ lɛ, pɩkɛ ɛzɩma patɩŋna nɛ pawazɩ kpaŋ kʊdɔŋ yɔ nɛ hola kʊdɔmɩŋ.Nabʊtozo lɛ, pɩkɛ maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ. Lɩmaɣza naayɛ yaa laɣsɩ nasɩyɛ kɛ mbʊ pɩtɛkɛ ɛyʊ sɔɔlɩm cɔlɔ yɔ yaa sɩcaɣ cɩkpɛndʊʊ ɛzɩ ɖɩkpaɣ ɖoza, yiduu nabʊyʊ yaa natʊyʊ naa ndʊ tɩɩmʊna ɛyʊ yɔ, yaa mbʊ pɩtalɩna ɛyʊ maɣzɩm maɣmaɣ cɔlɔ ɛzɩ ñʊʊ cɔʊʊ kʊdɔŋ mbʊ yɔ.
Yee ɛzɩ Roger Perron wɩlɩɣ yɔ, yee maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ wɛʊ yɔ paapɩzɩɣ se patʊɣʊ-tʊ nɛ tɩ-kiɖe ɖʊyʊ weyi paya-ɩ se Sigmund Freud, ɛnʊ weyi ɛkɛ ɖɔkɔtɔ, hola kʊdɔmɩŋ yɔɔ kpɛlɛkɩyʊ nɛ maɣzɩm taa tazʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ tʊ kɛ Otirisi ɛjaɖɛ taa yɔ, pɩwɛʊ kaɖɛ se patɩlɩ tɩupazɩtʊ alɩwaatʊ kɛlɛ pehiɣ natʊyʊ naa ɛzɩ pɩnzɩ 1881-1882 lɛ Josef Breuer nɛ Anna O., pɩnaɣ 1885 lɛ pɩɩkɛ Freud pɩnaɣ kɩkpɛlɛkaɣ kɛ Jean-Martin Charcot, pɩnzɩ 1893-1896 lɛ pañɩnaɣ hola yɔɔ tɔm nɛ ñʊʊ taa cɔtʊ tɔm (1895).
Maɣzɩm taa takʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ pazɩtʊ alɩwaatʊ lɛ, pʊ-tʊmɩyɛ tɩnaa kɩfama mba paakɛ Sigmund Freud piyaa yɔ pa-taa kɔyɔ Carl Gustav Jung yaa Sándor Ferenczi kajalaɣ kpaɣɖʊ kɛlɛ, yaa Melanie Klein kpaɣɖʊ naalɛ ñɩŋʊ palɩzɩ lɩmaɣza naayɛ nɛ pakʊna Freud tɔm. Pɩkɔma pɩnzɩ 1930 lɛ, maɣzɩm taa tazʊʊ tɩnaa sakɩyɛ mba paakɛ Yuda pekizi Nuremberg tʊma labʊ, kɛlɛ papazɩ-wɛ ñaŋasɩɣ, kɛlɛ pakʊyɩ Caama ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ Otirisi hɔɔlʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩɩkɛ Caama ñɩŋʊ taa yaa ɖɔɖɔ Hongrii nɛ Pɔlɔñɩ ajɛyɛ taa nɛ powolo pacaɣ Erɔpʊ ajɛyɛ lɛɛna taa nɛ Etaazuunii ajɛyɛ taa.


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Teniisi
Teniisi (yaa piyuu paalaɣ) kɛ aleɣya ŋgʋ kɩpɔzʋ kɩmabɩnaʋ yɔ. Kɩmabʋ pɔzʋ se kɩmaɖaa ɛwɛ hɔlʋʋ hɔlʋʋ yee pɛwɛ naalɛ yɔ (peeɖe lɛ payaɣ paleyaɣ ana se yem n̄ɩnaɣ) yaa ɛzɩ maɖaa ɛwɛ nanaaza yɔ pɛdɛyʋ ɖamaɣ hʋlɩŋ naalɛ kɛ naalɛ naalɛ nɛ pama (aleyaɣ ana payaɣ alɛ se nabʋlɛ n̄ɩnaɣ). Teniisi maɖaa wɛna kɩmabɩnaa mba yɔ, palʋ wɛ nɛ nimee kpaʋ yɔ nɛ tibu yɔ yem, nɛ pɩwɛ ɖoŋ ɛzɩ ɛyʋ sɔlʋʋ yɔ. Kɩmabɩnaʋ ŋgʋ, kɩwɔndʋ ndʋ palʋna yɔ tɩpɩzɩɣ tɩwɛ ndɩ ndɩ ɛlɛ, kɩwazɩɣ se pamabɩna paalɩ ketu ndʋ, kɩ-taa nɛ helim ɖo nɛ pataɣ kʋ tɔlɩm.
Kɩ-leyaɣ tʋbʋ kɛlɛ size paalɩ ŋgʋ, lɛlʋ ɛ-mabɩ kʋ lɛ, lɛlʋ ɛtaapɩzɩ nɛ ekitina kʋ kadaɣ kamaɣ taa, pʋtɔbʋ se paalɩ ɛtaalɩna kadaɣ ŋga pamakɩ ka-taa yɔ nɛ ka-waɩ. Nɔɔyʋ ɛmabaɣ nɛ pɩtɛlɛdɩ kadaɣ piyuu kɔyɔ, elesaɣ; weyi ɛmabaɣ nɛ pɩtɔlɩ kadaɣ waɩ yaa ka-kamasɩ waɩ elesaɣ ɖɔɖɔ. Pɩpɔzʋ toɖiye kɛ mabɩtʋ ɖeɖe nɛ pɩcɔ payaŋ se waɖʋ. Kadaɣ kamasɩ nɛ paɣtʋ ndʋ tɩyɔ pɔɖɔŋ nɛ pɩcɔ pamakɩ teniisi aleyaɣ ana yɔ, wɛ ndɩ ndɩ kɛ alɩwatʋ ndʋ naalɛ makɩ yaa nanaaza makɩ lɛ yɔ.


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Kadɩmɩyɔm
Kadɩmɩyɔm kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 48 nɛ yʊsaɣ ñɩŋa yɔ Cd. Kadɩmɩyɔm kɛ pɩlʊʊ 12 ŋgʊ taa pʊtʊ nɛ e-lone kɔyɔ 5. Stricto sensu kɛ ñɩɣlɩm pʊtʊ ɛ-taa fɛyɩ ñɩm nabʊyʊ yɔ, nɛ IUPAC heyuu-ɖʊ se ɛɖɔŋ ɖɛzʊʊ pʊtʊnaa tɛ paɣtʊ yɔɔ. Ɛ-nɛ zɛŋkɩ pa-pɩlʊʊ kʊyʊmʊʊ, IIB waa pɩlʊʊ nɛ pa-taa peeɖe panaɣ pɛ-tɛ ñʊŋ masɩ kpaɖʊʊ yɔɔ kpaɖʊʊ yɔɔ 30Zn, 48Cd nɛ 80Hg.
Pʊtʊ ɛnʊ pɛlɛ-ɩ naʊ kajalaɣ ɖeɖe pɩnaɣ 1809 pɩtɩŋna Sʊyɛdɩ ɛyʊ ɛnɛ ɛ-yɔɔ Magnus Martin af Pontin yaa Magnus Martin Pontin, pɩtɩŋna kajalaɣ nazɩyʊ tʊmɩyɛ yɔɔ. Paha pʊtʊ ɛnʊ hɩɖɛ nɛ Caama kʊnʊŋ mbʊ se das Cadmium yaa das Kadmium pɩnaɣ 1817 ɛlɛ Goettingen Friedrich Stromeyer sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ taa wɩlɩyʊ hana hɩɖɛ nɖɩ alɩwaatʊ ɛtɩzaɣ pʊtʊ ɛnʊ weyi e-tomnaɣ wɛ ɖɔfɩɩ nɛ kahʊlɩmɩ yɔ kɛ kajalaɣ ɖeɖe pɩtɩŋna zɛŋkɩ kaŋwa ZnCO3 ŋgʊ kɩ-yɔɔ kaawɛ takɩŋ takɩŋ sʊtʊ lɩm sɛmɩŋ mbʊ yɔ.
Petisiɣ kadɩmɩyɔm kpʈlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊma yɔɔ kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 1818 alɩwaatʊ taa, ɛlɛ pɩtɩŋna Caama kpɛlɩ tʊma tɩnaa natozo nabɛyɛ yɔɔ, kajalaɣ lɛ kɔɔ pɛdɩɣ tʊmɩyɛ tʊ ɖɔɖɔ ɛkɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ tʊ nɛ tʊma sɔsɔna tʊmɩyɛ tʊ ɛlɛ yɔ Carl Hermann pɩtɩŋna zɛŋkɩ kaŋwa yɔɔ, Carl Karsten nɛ Paul Meissner yaa Paul Traugott Meißner.
Kadɩmɩyɔm wɛ sɔtʊ piŋ (ɛnʊ tɩna kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ payaɣ se Itai-itai yɔ) nɛ tɩŋ kʊdɔmɩŋ sakɩyɛ. Ɛjaɖɛ kpeekpe takɩɣ taa lɛ, panaɣ se hɔɔlɩŋ nɩɩyɛ ɛzɩ Fransɩɩ mbʊ yɔ, tɛtʊ natʊyʊ naa taa (ɛwadɩyɛ ajaɣa tɛ) taa kpɩnda kadɩmɩyɔm siŋ (kɛlɛ pɩɖɛʊ piŋ tɩŋ nɛ lɩm taa kpɩna). Anasaayɩ huɖe nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa wɛ mbʊ ɖɩyaɣ se fɔsɩfatɩ yɔ ɖɛzɩɣ ɖɔɖɔ tɛtʊ naa sakɩyɛ.
Tɔmpiye Kadɩmɩyɔm lɩ Fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa pɩnzɩ 1808/1809, ɛzɩ tomnaɣ yem weyi palɩzɩ-ɩ cadmia yaa cadmie, pɩtɩŋna Sʊyɛdɩ lɔŋsɩndʊ Magnus Martin Ponti yɔɔ, weyi ɛlɩza-ɩ pɩtɩŋna nasɩyʊ tɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ yɔɔ yɔ. Latɛŋ tɔmpiye cadmia, nɖɩ ɖɩlɩna krɛkɩ kʊnʊŋ taa se kadmeïa, kiɖe tɛ lɛ pɩkɛ zɛŋkɩ ñɩɣlɩm tɛtʊ (kaŋwa yaa nabʊyʊ naa) pɛcɛsɛ-ɩ Thèbes cɔlɔ kpam, Kadmos yaa Cadmos kɩjaazɩ tɛtʊ taa. Ɖooo kpaɣɖʊ 13 wɛɛ taa lɛ, tɔmpiye nɖɩ Fransɩɩ kɩbɩnʊʊ kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ, ɖɩɩkɛ se cami.


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Simon Bolivar
Santísima Trinidad Bolívar y Palacios tɛ Simón José Antonio, pakɩlɩ-ɩ sɩmnaʊ nɛ hɩɖɛ ɖɩnɛyɔ se Simon Bolivar nɛ pɛɖɛyɩ-ɩ se Libertador. Palʊla-ɩ hasɩyaɖɛ kɩyakʊ 24 pɩnaɣ 1783 Caracas tɛtʊ taa Venezuela ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛsɩ saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 17 pɩnaɣ 1830 Santa Marta tɛtʊ taa Colombie ɛjaɖɛ taa.
Ɛyʊ ɛnɛyɔ ɛɛkɛ sɔdʊʊ sɔɔja nɛ ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ Venezuela ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊ tʊ. Ɛkɛ weluu ɛ nɛ José San Martin tʊ nɛ Siili Bernardo O’Higgins, pɩlɩna Ɛsɩpañɔlɩ ɛjaɖɛ caɣ ajɛyɛ wena a-ñʊʊŋ yɔɔ yɔ tɛ ɛsakuliye nɔmɔʊ taa Amerika nɛ Hadɛ kiŋ ajɛyɛ taa pɩnaɣ 1813 pazɩtʊ alɩwaatʊ taa.
Ɛɖʊ nesi piŋ nɛ ɛka ñʊʊ ajɛyɛ anɛ atɩyɔɔ wɛʊ tɔm taa, Bolivi, Colombi, Equateur, Panama, Perou, Venezuela. Ɛlʊba siŋ nɛ palɩzɩ Colombi Sɔsɔʊ ɛjaɖɛ, nɛ ɛsɔɔlɩ ɖɔɖɔ se ɖɩkɛ lone nɖɩ ɖɩtaa Amerika latine ajɛyɛ kpɛndʊʊ ɖama nɛ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ politiki nɛ sɔɔjɛtʊ tɔm yɔ nɛ ɛnʊ kaakɛna kajalaɣ ñʊʊ tʊ.
Bolivar liɖe kɛ Ziortza-Bolibar cejewiye cikpeɖe naɖɩyɛ taa, Biscaye (basque espagnol ajɛyɛ taa). Bolivar cejewiye kaawɛ Venezuela ɛjaɖɛ kpaɣ kajalaɣ wɛɛ wena Amerika nɛ Haɖɛ kaacaɣ kajalaɣ caɣʊ Ɛsɩpañɔlɩ ɛjaɖɛ yɔɔ.
Simon Bolivar ɖoo, Concepción Palacios y Blanco Maaria, ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ ɛ-caa yɔ Juan Vicente Bolívar y Ponte kaawɛ Aristote Caracas ŋgbɛyɛ taa. Pɩlɩna ɛzɩma lɛlʊ kaakɩlɩ lɛlʊ pɩnzɩ sakɩyɛ mbʊ lɛ, pawalɩ ɖama pɩnaɣ 1773 alɩwaatʊ taa. Juan Vicente kaawɛna pɩnzɩ hiŋ nanaza nɛ lʊbɛ lɛ, ɛ-halʊ Concepción kaawɛna pɩnzɩ hiu nɛ kagbanzɩ yeke. Palʊlɩ piya mba yɔ María Antonia, Juana Nepomucena, Juan Vicente, Simón nɛ María del Carmen. Wayi ñɩnʊ ɛnɛyɔ ɛtɩ sɩbʊ kpɛdɛ kpɛdɛ ɛzɩ paɖɩna-ɩ lʊlʊ yɔ.
Palʊla Bolivar pɩnaɣ 1783 hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ kɩyakɩŋ 24 nɛ 25 ɖooo taa, Plaza San Jacinto Caracas kuduyuu sɔsɔʊ nakʊyʊ taa nɛ ɛ-hɩɖɛ kpeekpe kɔyɔ Simón José Antonio de la Santísima Trinidad Bolívar y Ponte Palacios y Blanco, nɖɩ pɔsɔna-ɩ Ɛsɔ tɛ lɩm hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 30 pɩnaɣ kɩtɩŋaɣ taa Caracas cɔjɔ kpaŋ taa, ɛ-ɖɛtʊ ɖɔkɔtɔ sɔsɔ Juan Félix Jerez Aristeguieta sɔna-ɩ lɩm mbʊ. Pɔtɔŋ pʊwɛ ɛzɩ ɛ-ɖɛtʊ ɛnʊ ɛhana-ɩ hɩɖɛ se Simon.


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Cɩɖɩcɩɖɩ wɛtʊ
Cɩɖɩcɩɖɩ wɛtʊ kɛna nɔmɔŋ weyi ɩ-yɔɔ ɛyʊ tɩŋgʊna nɛ ɛɖɔɔnɩ kʊdɔmɩŋ nɛ mbʊ pɩfɛyɩ ɖeu yɔ. Cɩɖɩcɩɖɩ wɛtʊ ndʊ tɩsɩŋna ɖɔɖɔ nɛ kʊdɔmɩŋ weyi ɩfɛyɩ deu yɔ, paɖɩɣ-ɩ kaʊ. Cɩɖɩcɩɖɩ wɛtʊ pɩzʊ pɩwɛɛ hɔɔlɩŋ naatozo taa. Kacalaɣ lɛ, pɩwɛɛ se pahazɩ tasɩ nɛ habɛɛ yɔɔ cɩɖɩcɩɖɩ nɛ pamɩzɩ ɖɔɖɔ asuluma lɩzʊ fɔɔfɔɔnaa. Nabʊlɛ taa lɛ, pɩwɛɛ se pamɩzɩ kɔɔ wena akʊʊ kʊdɔmɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ sonzoo yɔ. Kpaagbaa taa lɛ, pɩkɛna kɩcɛyʊ se paa weyi ɛcɔna nɛ ɛɖaŋɩ cɩɖɩcɩɖɩ wɛtʊ ndʊ ɛcɔlɔ nɛ ɖenɖe ɛwɛɛ yɔ.
Cɩɖɩcɩɖɩ wɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩwayɩ lɛ, pɔyɔɔdʊ ɛyʊ wezu maɣmaɣ caɣʊ taa cɩɖɩcɩɖɩ ñɩndʊ, tɔɔnaɣ tɔɔʊ taa ñɩndʊ nɛ ɛyʊ ñʊʊ taa cɩɖɩcɩɖɩ ñɩnɖʊ ɖɔɖɔ. Wayɩ wayɩ cɩɖɩcɩɖɩ wɛtʊ tʊnɛ, tɩyɔɔdɩɣna ɛyaa kɛ tomnaɣ taa alafɩya tɔm nɛ hayɩsʊ pɔ-tɔm, tabakʊʊyaɣ nɔ̃ʊ nɛ sʊlʊm ñɔtʊ pɔkɔŋna kʊdɔmɩŋ weyi yɔ ɩ-tɔm. Krɛɛsɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa lɛ, cɩɖɩcɩɖɩ wɛtʊ lɩna pɛ-ɛgɔlɔmɩyɛ naɖɩyɛ cɔlɔ. Payaɣa-ɖɩ se Hygie nɛ hɩɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-tɔbʊ kɛlɛ se « weyi ɛɖʊ nesi alafɩya hɔɔlʊʊ taa yɔ ». Ɛgɔlɔmɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩɩkɛna tɔnʊʊ taa alafɩya yɔɔ cɔnɩyʊ nɛ cɩɖɩcɩɖɩ wɛtʊ yɔɔ. Ɖɩ-caa kɛ payaɣ se Asclépios nɛ ɛlɛ kɛŋna fɛɖaa ñʊʊtʊ. Hygie kɛna mayaɣ ŋga kaɖɩkɩ kaʊ kɛ kʊdɔmɩŋ yɔ nɛ ɛgɔlɔmɩyɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-kɔɔ kɔyɔ Panacée. Ɛnɛ ɛlɛ ñawaɣna kʊdɔŋ weyi ɩmaɣna e-neu yɔɔ nɛ ɩsʊʊ yɔ nɛ ɛnʊ sɩŋnana nɛ poluki kɔɔ pee ndɩ ndɩ. Pɩtɩŋa payɩ pɩwɩlʊ se Krɛɛsɩ mba kañaŋgaɣ cɩɖɩcɩɖɩ wɛtʊ nɛ paa ɛsɩmtaa pelizaɣ lɩm se asuluma lakasɩ ɛtaawɛɛ. Ajɛya sakɩyɛ taa kominanaa lɩza paɣtʊ ndɩ ndɩ nɛ pɔcɔŋna cɩɖɩcɩɖɩ wɛtʊ kɛ paale. Togo taa yɔ, posusuu cɩɖɩcɩɖɩ we ɛtʊ ndʊ aɖadiyona taa nɛ kɛlɛm kɛlɛmwaa taa. Pɩtasɩ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, komina lɩza kacalaɣ mazaɣ kɛ fenaɣ taa se paa hɔɔlʊʊ ŋgɨu lɛ kɩ-taa mba ɩlɩɩ nɛ pɔñɔɔzɩ lona ndɩ ndɩ taa nɛ habɛɛ yɔɔ. Pɩtasɩ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, papaɣzɩ hɛyʊ kɛ mba pa-ɖɩsɩ taa nɛ pa-ɖɩsɩ cɔlɔ kpɛɛ cɩɖɩcɩɖɩ wɛtʊ kɩla wɛʊ yɔ.


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César Auguste
Auguste, palʊla-ɩ nɛ hɩɖɛ ɖɩ-nɛyɔ Caius Octavius, salaŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 23 pɩnaɣ 63 pʊcɔ palʊlɩ Yesuu Krɩstʊ. Palʊla-ɩ Room tɛtʊ taa. Kajalaɣ taa lɛ, paya-ɩ se Octave nɛ pʊwayɩ patasɩ-ɩ yaʊ se Octavien. Ɛyʊ ɛnʊ ɛsɩba kɩyɛɛna fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 19 pɩnaɣ 14 pʊcɔ palʊlɩ Yeesu Krɩstʊ Nola tɛtʊ taa. Ɛnʊ kaakɛna Room ɛyaa tɛ kajalaɣ wiyaʊ kpaɣ kɔlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 16 pɩnaɣ 27 pʊcɔ palʊlɩ Yesuu Krɩstʊ ŋkɔɔ ŋtalɩ kɩyɛɛna fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 19 pɩnaɣ 14 Yeesuu Krɩstʊ lʊlʊʊ wayi.
E-ekpeɣle Jules César pɩsɩ-ɩ ɛ-pɩɣa, e-ekpeɣle ɛnʊ e-ɖoo lʊlʊʊ taa ɛyʊ ɛkɛna, pɩlakʊʊ mbʊ yɔ pɩnaɣ 44 pʊcɔ palʊlɩ Yeesu Krɩstʊ, alɩwaatʊ pazɩ yem nɛ pakʊ e-ekpeɣle ɛnʊ. Ɛnɛ Marc Antoine nɛ Lépide, paɖʊ naatozo tɔm hʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ naalɛ nɖɛ se pɩsa nɛ palʊbɩna César ɛyaa kʊyaa.
Pawaba philipes wayi lɛ, pɛtɛyɩ Room ɛjaɖɛ nɛ pañazɩɣ nɛ sɔɔjɛtʊ ɖoŋ. Pa-naatozo pɔtɔla pɩlɩna pa-taa paa weyi tɛ cɛjɛyɛ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ nɖɩ ɛɛwɛna yɔ ɖɩ-yɔɔ. Lépide ñeseɣa ɛ-tɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɛ Marc Antoine ñakʊ ɛ-tɩ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ August wabɩ-ɩ Actium yɔ nɛ piyele ɛnɛ yɔ eyeke Roma Ampiiri yɔɔ yɔ.
Auguste lɛɣzɩ liidiye ɖʊ, ɛñɔɔzɩ haba, ɛmʊ sɔɔjɔnaa sakɩyɛ nɛ pɛwɛ paaɖoye nɛ paale. Ɛtʊlɩ fulisi naa tʊma Room ɛjaɖɛ taa. Pama yɔɔ tɔzʊʊ komola tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ taa nɛ pɔñɔɔzɩ cɩɖɩ cɩɖɩ e-kewiyaɣ alɩwaatʊ taa. Auguste sɩ pɩnaɣ 14 Yeesu Krɩstʊ lʊlʊʊ wayi ɛlɛ ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 75. Pɩtɛkɛ nɔyʊ kʊnɛ-ɩ ɛlɛ nabɛyɛ tɔŋ se kɔyɛ paɖʊ-ɩ. Kɛlɛ ɛ-pɩyalʊ Tibère mʊ e-kewiyaɣ nɛ ɛcaɣ Ampiiri ñʊʊ yɔɔ.
Palʊla Octave kɛ Room ñɩm nabʊyʊ taa, pɩwɛ Palatin tɛtʊ taa kɛnɛ (ad Capita Bubula) pɩfɛyɩ poliŋ nɛ Via Sacra kɛ pɩnaɣ 63 pʊcɔ palʊlɩ Yeesu Krɩstʊ salaŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 23 alɩwaatʊ taa. Octave kpaɣ ɛ-caa maɣmaɣ hɩɖɛ Caius Octavius.


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Ñɩɣlɩm nɩɣyʊʊ
Ñɩɣtʊ pakpakʊʊ nɛ polukina wondu ndɩ ndɩ ɛjaɖɛ yɔɔ cɩnɛ: kʊdʊyʊŋ maʊ taa (lɔbʊtʊ taa, kafintanaa mba pɔlɔkɩnañɩɣtʊ yɔ), pʊlɔmʊ tʊmɩyɛ yaa pɔmpɩnaa, lɔɔɖa lubu (kpaɣ cɛɛcɛ pɩtalɩ ɛsɔtaa lɔɔɖɩyɛ), tʊma ndɩ ndɩ sɩm tʊma taa, malɩfanaa nɛ pɩkpaɣ pɩɖɛɛ.
Ñɩɣlɩm ñɩɣtʊ wazɩɣ ɖɔɖɔ se polubina ñɩɩyasɩ ndɩ ndɩ: laadiɖiki miŋñɩɣyasɩ nɛ nzɩ sɩkaɖuʊ nɛ tɛʊ yɔ, kɛlɛm kɛlɛmnaa wondu, kanɖʊnaa, kpelasi nɛ pɩkpaɣ pɩɖɛɛ. Ñɩɣtʊ waɣzaɣ ɖɔɔ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ nɛ pɩkpaɣna pɩnaɣ 1980 lɛ tɛtɛɛ ñɩm mbʊ pɩdaa wɛ ñɩɣlɩm yɔ pohuyuu-tʊ yem.


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Siŋŋ ñʊŋ (tʊʊzʊʊ)
Tʊʊzʊʊ hɔɔlʊʊ taa lɛ, siŋŋ ñʊʊ kɛ ñʊʊ mayaɣ ŋga pama-kɛ mbilim. Siŋŋ ñʊŋ ñɔɔ pɩlɩna ɛzɩma pɛkɛdaɣ tɔm ndɩ ndɩ siŋŋ lɩzɩtʊ hɔɔlʊʊ taa ɛlɛ tɩcaɣ ndɩ nɛ ndʊ keekee masɩ nzɩ ɖooo paalakaɣ-sɩ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ Eudoxe Cnide cɔlɔ kpaɣɖʊ 4 alɩwaatʊ taa pʊcɔ palʊlʊʊ Yeesuu krɩstʊ. Kɛlɛ pasɩm siŋŋ ñʊŋ tɔbʊʊ nɩɣ tɔm pɩtatɩɩtalɩda kpaɣɖɩŋ sakɩyɛ kɔyɔ pɩtɩŋna Dedekind nɛ Cantor nɛ Méray pamatʊ yɔɔ.
Palakɩ siŋŋ ñʊŋ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ paa mbʊ pɩ-taa kpaɣ ɛzɩ wondu liidiye, wɛɛ ɖalakɩŋ, kʊkʊyʊmɩŋ, pɩyʊ kɔtɩɩ waa yuŋ, tɩyɩnka ŋga kakɩlɩ-ɖʊ ñɔtɩnaʊ yɔ tɛ posinau nɛ ɛyaa. Palakɩ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ siŋŋ masɩ paa ɖooye kpaɣ ɛzɩ tɔsʊʊ huu nɔmɔʊ taa, anasaayɩ ñɩɣtʊ yɔɔ tʊma taa, tʊʊzʊʊ hɔɔlʊʊ taa,tomnasi ɖɔnɛ nɔmɔʊ taa yaa tʊma sɔsɔna tambasɩ lɩzɩyaa hɔɔlɩŋ taa.
Pɩkpaɣ nɛ kpaɣɖʊ 17 hɔɔlʊʊ kɩlɛlʊ alɩwaatʊ taa kɛ Isaac Newton nɛ Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz poluba tʊʊzʊʊ hɔɔlʊʊ lɛɛkʊ. Paya-ɩ mbʊ lɛ se wiluu nɛ takʊʊ tɛ, ŋgʊ ɖooo paayaɣa-ɩ kpaagbaa ŋñɩɩ akɔnta. Pɩ-tɛ piliŋa ŋga katɩ caŋ kapaɣlɩ lɔŋ lɔŋ nɛ kapɩsɩ nɔmɔŋ kɩwɩlɩɣ nakʊyʊ siŋ kadeŋa kpeekpe taa, Newtone lɩmaɣzɩyɛ tɔm. Pɩ-tɛ nɔmɔʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa tɔm pɔzɩtʊ yeba nɛ pehiɣ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ kɩbanɖɛ naɖɩyɛ mbʊ se pana se tɛtʊ cɔʊna wɩsɩ naa yaa pɩtɛkɛ mbʊ.


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Afrika Hadɛ Kiŋ
Afrika Hadɛ Kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩwɛna Afrika nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ kpaagbaa yɔ. Ɖɩ-tɛ politika tɛtʊ sʊsɔtʊ kɛ payaɣ se Piretoriya. Afrika Hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-hayʊ kɩŋ lɛ pɩsɩna Namibii, Pɔcɩwaanaa nɛ Simbaabuwee ajɛya; ɖɩ-tɛ hayʊ kɩŋ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖilɩyɛ taa lɛ, Moozambiki nɛ Suwaziilandɩ ñina. Lesoto kɛna ɛzɩ ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe nɛ ɖɩwɛɛ Afrika wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa ɖɔɖo yɔ.
Afrika wɩsɩ ɖɩlkɩyɛ taa ɛjaɖɩ ndɩ, ɖɩ-taa lɛ, pinde pɩnaɣ taa lɛ ɛyaa kpɛnda millionaa 54 nɛ pa-taa ɛyaa kɩkpɛɛdaa kpɛndɩ ɛzɩ 80,2 kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ yɔ, ɛyaa kɩsɩdaa ñɛwɛɛ ɛzɩ 8,8 kɛ mbʊ yɔ. Ɛyaa kʊʊlʊmaa wɛɛ ɛzɩ 8,4 yɔ nɛ piyele Aasɩɩ mba ñɛwɛɛ ɛzɩ 2,5. Afrika kpeekpe taa lɛ; Afrika nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa kɛ pakɩlɩɣ naʊ ɛyaa mba pɛwɛna tomnasɩ ndɩ ndɩ yɔ; ɛzɩ ɛyaa kɩkpɛɛda, kʊlʊmaa kɩsɩdaa nɛ Ɛɛndɩ mba kɛ mbʊ yɔ. Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ layʊ sɔsɔ weyi payaɣ-ɩ se Archevêque Desmond Tutu yɔ, ɛkʊma Afrika nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ se Ɛsɔtaa Tɩŋgaɣyʊʊ Ɛjaɖɛ, yaa kaaɣyʊʊ mbʊ pʊ yɔɔ yɔ, kedeŋa kpeekpe ɛyaa sidaa nɛ pɛwɛ peeɖe. Ɛsɔtaa Tɩŋgaɣyʊʊ Ɛjaɖɛ ŋgʊ kɩlɛɣzɩna mbʊ payawaɣ se pɩnzɩ 1948 nɛ nzɩɩna pɩnaɣ 1991 taa yɔ.
Paa nɛ Apartheid hɩɖɛ ɛɛtasɩɣ yaʊ kaʊ kɔyɔ, tɛyɩtʊ ndʊ tɩɩtɩɩwɛɛ ɛyaa kɩlʊmaa nɛ kɩkpɛɛdaa pɛhɛkʊ taa yɔ, tʊtʊ ñɛwɛ mbʊ tam. Paa nɛ mbʊ yɔ, Afrika ajɛya kpeekpe taa lɛ, Afrika wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa kɛ tɔsʊʊ huu kɩlɩna ɖɛwʊ nɛ ɛsɩndaa nɛ laatriki mɩŋ, habɛɛ yaa mbʊ mbʊ pɩwɛ tɛtʊ sʊsɔtʊ taa payɩ yɔ, pɩwɛ paa hɔɔlʊʊ ŋgʊ lɛ kɩ-taa kɛ peeɖe.
Afrika wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ, ɖɩkɛna naalɛ ñɩndɛ kɛ tɔsʊʊ hʊʊ taa Afrika kedeŋga kpeekpe taa. Nɖɩ tɩŋgʊna Naajeeriya ñɩnɖɛ wayɩ kɛ tɔsʊʊ hʊʊ taa kɛlɛ mbʊ yɔ. Peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ tɛtɛɛ ñɩm sɔsɔm wɛɛ sakɩyɛ; ɛzɩ: oorɩ, tiyaamaŋ nɛ saarbɔɔ kɛ mbʊ yɔ. Mbʊ yebina nɛ tuuɖe taa ajɛya ñɔɔna-ɖɩ kpam pɩkɩlɩna alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɛŋtɛŋga tɛɛ you kalakaɣ kpem lɛ yɔ. Afrika wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ, nɖɩ kɩlɩlna wɛʊ ɖoŋ kɛ paa politika yaa sɔɔjɛɛtʊ hɔɔlʊʊ taa kɔ yɔ.
Kɩ-ɖɩwɛyɛ[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Fefeku[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Pʊŋ hɔɔlʊʊ[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Kadasɩ[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Tɛtʊ[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Tʊma sɔsɔna hɔɔlɩŋ[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Caanaʊ tɔm[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Politiki nɛ tʊma ndɩ ndɩ[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Kewiyaɣ hɔɔlɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Politiki aŋgba[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Laŋ nɛ lɩm yɔɔ kandayʊʊ[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Kɩɖaʊ kɛdɛɛka[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Samaɣ ̃nʊʊ[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Tɔnʊʊ taa alaafɩya[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Kʊnʊmɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Ɛsɔ nʊmɔʊ[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Sɔnzɩ[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Sɩpɔɔrɩ[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Samaɣ tɩlasɩ[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
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Ɛyaa kʊʊ[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Tɔsʊʊ[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Tɔsɩŋ weyi ɛkɩlɩ ɖoŋ yɔ[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Anasaayɩ nɛ ɛyʊ kɩkpɛdʊ pɛ-hɛkʊ taa tɛyɩtʊ[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Tɔsʊʊ lɛɣzʊʊ[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Tʊma wɛʊ kewiyaɣ nesi tɛɛ yɔ[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Tɔsʊʊ ̃nɔɔzʊʊ tɩlasɩ[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Ɛzɩyɛ egbena[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Laŋ taa wondu[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Ɛjaɖɛ wɛtʊ[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Ɩcɔna ɖɔɖɔ[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Takayɩsɩ[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Takayɩsɩ nzɩ pama kɩ-yɔɔ[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Filimwaa mba pawɩlɩɣ-kʊ yɔ[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Takayɩhayʊʊ tɛɛ tɔm nɛ tɩ-ɖɩnayɛ[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Tɔm lɛɛtʊ[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Awayɩ kpasɩ[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]


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Kɩgbɩtɩnaʋ
Kɩgbɩtɩnaʋ kɛna mbʋ paya size minziiki wonuu kɩhʋlʋʋ yɔ. Nɛ kɩ-wɛna ɖɩhʋlɩyɛ, pʋtɔbʋʋ size pahʋya pɔʋ nɛ paya peɖe size nɔɔ taa nɛ peɖe pahʋlʋʋna. Minziiki wonuu kɩhʋlʋʋ kʋnɛ, kɩ-hɔʋʋ kɛ paya size kwiviri. Kwiviri kʋnɛ kʋwɛ kelekele pɩŋŋ.
Tom piye ɖɩnɛ, ɖɩ-tɔbʋʋ kɛlɛ tobiye yem size kɩgbɩtɩnaʋ n̄ɩŋgʋ ŋgʋ kɩwɛna ɖɩduye yɔ. Ɖɩwaza kɛlɛ se palakɩna-kʋ se potugu telɛskɔpiki ɖeɖe. Ɛlɛ, kɩgbɩtɩnaʋ ŋgʋ kɩwɛna kɩkaɖʋ yɔ kɩwɛ ɖɔɖɔ.Kɩgbɩtɩnaʋ kudutuu n̄ɩŋgʋ kʋnɛ, kɩkɛ nakʋyʋ ŋgʋ kʋwɛ kɛdɛɖa siŋŋ yɔ kɛ minziiki wondu kɩhʋlʋtʋ taa.
Mbʋ pʋyɔ yɔ, kɩhʋlʋ sɩm camɩyɛ ɛ-ɛpɔzʋʋ ɛyʋ kʋɖʋm nee labɩnaʋ ɖeke. Pa kɩgbɩtɩnaʋ wonuu minziiki n̄ɩŋgʋ kʋnɛ kɩkɛ abalʋ tɛ kpaagba nɔɔ kʋyʋ tɛ, ɛzɩ ɖɩtɔŋgʋ size pʋwɛ muduleee yɔ yaa tiluu hɛɛɛ kɔyɔ, ɛ-suye tilitu yaa wilitu wɛ ɖoŋ pɩkɩlɩ ɛgandɩyɛ. Ɛ-wɛ lʋʋ, ɛ-ɖala nɛ ɛ-tɛ e-koti ɛzɩ maya S yɔ.
Nɛ mbʋ pɩkɩlɩ kpem yɔ mbʋ lɛ size, ɛwɛ ɛzɩ tilimiye yɔ nɛ alɩwaatʋ ndu pahʋlɩɩ yɔ lɛ, ɛ-lɩɣ camɩyɛ pɩŋŋ. Pɩtɛ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, ɛnɩɣ taa yaa ewelesu taa wɛ leleŋ siŋŋ. Nɛ mbʋ lakɩna nɛ ɛwɛʋ ndɩ nɛ euphoniums yaa saxhorns waa nɛ soo n̄ɩɣyɩŋ lɛɛŋ mba pe-wiluu yaa pe-tiluu ndu tɩkɩlɩ wɛʋ feutré yɔ.
Kɩgbɩtɩnaʋ kɩhʋlʋʋ kʋnɛ, pahʋlʋʋ-kʋ soo kɩmaba ndɩ ndɩ taa. Naayɛ kɔyɔ: minziiki kɩ-cɔlʋʋ taa kɛ jazz ɖɩmabɩyɛ, nɛ pɩkɔ pɩtɩŋɩna salsa, nɛ ska, nɛ funk yaa minziiki sɔɔjana n̄ɩŋgʋ, nɛ pahʋlʋʋ-kʋ ɖɔɖɔ kɛ mʋsɩ tɩna ɖɩjaɣyɛ sɛmfoniki ɖeɖe, nɛ mʋsɩ tɩna ɖɩjaɣyɛ arimani ɖeɖe. Pɩtasɩna ɖɔɖɔ aŋganda soo ɖeɖe, nɛ big bands, nɛ brass bands taa ɖɔɖɔ.


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Afrɩka tɛtʊ tɔm
Mbʋ pɩɩlaba Afrɩka taa payɩ, kpaɣ ɖooo caanaʋ nɛ pɩkɔɔ pɩsɩɩnɩ sɔnɔ nɛ pɩɖɛɛ yɔ, payaɣ se Afrɩka caanaʋ tɔm. Roma n̄ɩma n̄aakpaɣ Afrɩka tɛtʋ nɛ tɩ-hayi kiŋ hɔɔlʋʋ ɖeɖe nɛ payaa se Afrɩka. Pʋwayɩ yɔ paya tɛtʋ ńdʋ tɩtɩŋa se Afrɩka. Ɛsɔ halɩn̄ɩnʋ nɔɔyʋ payawaɣ-ɩ se "Ifri". Ɛnʋʋ Afrɩka n̄ɩma n̄aakpaɣa se pɛ-ɛsɔ. Ɛkɛ Bɛɛrɩbɛɛrɩ n̄ɩma ɛsɔ halɩn̄ɩnʋ.
Paa pɩɩla ɛzɩma yɔ, Afrɩka wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ taa ɛyʋ lɛɣ wɛʋ kedeŋa yɔɔ cɩnɛ. Ɛwɛʋ yɔ, pɩtalɩ ɛzɩ pɩnzɩ miiliyɔɔ waa 2,5 mbʋ yɔ. Pʋwayɩ lɛ, ɛyaa ɖɔʋ nɛ pɔɖɔʋ halɩ nɛ pɔkɔɔ pawadɩ Afrɩka tɛtʋ tɩŋa yɔɔ. Pʋcɔ nɛ caanaʋ tɔm paɣzɩ lɛ, lɩŋgamɩŋ sɔsɔŋ nɩɩyɛ kɛwɛ ɛjaɖɛ ńɖɩ payaɣ lɛɛlɛyɔ se sahara yɔ. Pʋwayɩ lɛ, sahara pɩsɩ kan̄ɩmbusuu ɛjaɖɛ. Sahara ɛjaɖɛ ńɖɩ ɖɩtɛyɩna Afrɩka tɛtʋ hɔɔlɩŋ sɔsɔŋ naalɛ. Sahara nɛ hayi kiŋ hɔɔlʋʋ taa ajɛya nɛ Sahara nɛ hadɛ kiŋ hɔɔlʋʋ taa n̄ɩna. Afrɩka nɛ hayi kiŋ hɔɔlʋʋ taa caanaʋ tɔm nɩɣzɩna Meediteeranii teŋgu caanaʋ tɔm. Ajɛya wena alɛ n̄ɛwɛ Sahara nɛ pɩ-tɛɛ hɔɔlʋʋ taa yɔ, alɛ tɔm n̄ɛwɛɛ.
Ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ kedeŋa kpeekpe naʋ lɛɣzɩtʋ sɔsɔtʋ naadozo mbʋ payaɣ se "tɛkɩniiki" yɔ pʋ-nʋmɔʋ taa yɔ, ḿbʋ ɖɔɖɔ Afrɩka caanaʋ tɔm nawa. Lɛɣzɩtʋ ńdʋ tiyeba nɛ ɛyʋ wezuu caɣʋ ɖɔɖɔ lɛɣzɩ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ.
- Kajalaɣ lɛ, ɛyʋ lubi miŋ. Elubu-i yɔ, pɩtala pɩnzɩ 800 000 yaa 400 000 mbʋ yɔ. Miŋ yeba nɛ ɛyʋ wezuu caɣʋ lɛɣzɩ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ.
- Nabʋlɛ lɛɣzɩtʋ kɔyɔ mbʋ payaɣ se "néolithique yɔ. Lɛɣzʋʋ nabʋlɛ n̄ɩmbʋ pʋnɛ; pɩlɩwa pɩtala ɛzɩ pɩnzɩ 8000 yaa 2 000 mbʋ yɔ pʋcɔ palʋlɩ Yeesu-Krɩstʋ. Lɛɣzʋʋ naalɛ n̄ɩmbʋ pʋnɛ piyeba nɛ haɖaʋ nʋmɔʋ lɛɣzɩ sakɩyɛ.
- Lɛɣzʋʋ nabudozo lɛ anasaayɩ n̄ɩɣtʋ lubu nʋmɔʋ. Mbʋʋ payaɣ se "révolution industrielle". Lɛɣzʋʋ nabudozo n̄ɩmbʋ pʋnɛ piyeba nɛ ɛyʋ tɩlɩ mbʋ payaa se "énergie électrique nɛ énergie fossiles nɛ énergie fissiles yɔ.
Afrɩka nɛ hayi kiŋ hɔɔlʋʋ taa samaɣ ŋga payaɣ se Pɛɛrɩbɛɛrɩwaa (Berbères) yɔ kɛwɛɛ. Ɛyaa mba payaɣ se "Phéniciens waa yɔ pɛlɛɣna kpacayɩɣ Pɛɛrɩbɛɛrwaa. Paba wayɩ lɛ, Tunisii ɛjaɖɛ taa n̄ɩma n̄akpacayɩ-wɛ. Pʋwayɩ lɛ, Rooma n̄ɩma nɛ Arabʋ n̄ɩma kpacayɩna-wɛ. Sɔnɔdaa mbʋyɔ, Afrɩka nɛ hayi kiŋ hɔɔlʋʋ taa malɩŋ kɩla ɖɔʋ. Anasaayɩnaa n̄azɩ Afrɩka nɛ hayi kiŋ hɔɔlʋʋ taa ajɛya ɖɔɖɔ.
Afrɩka « Sub-saharienne» ajɛya n̄ɔwa nɛ awɛɛna kewiyasɩ ndɩ ndɩ. Ɛlɛ, pɩkɔma kpaɖɩŋ VII taa lɛ, Aaraabʊ ajɛyɛ sʊna a-Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ ŋgbɛyɛ ajɛya ana a-taa nɛ pɩlɛɣzɩ pe-wezuu caɣʊ nɛ pɔ-sɔnzɩ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ. Ajɛya sɔsɔna nazɩ Afrɩka ajɛya pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ. Kpaɣ pɩnzɩ 1910 nɛ ŋwolo ŋsɩɩna pɩnzɩ 1975 taa Afrɩka ajɛya lʊba nɛ alɩɩ kʊhʊlʊm yomiye taa nɛ piyele awɛɛ a-tɩ yɔɔ.
Sahara nɛ pɩtɛɛ kiŋ hɔɔlʋʋ taa ajɛya taa n̄ɩma n̄aɖʋ kewiyisi ndɩ ndɩ. Pʋwayɩ lɛ, kewiyisi ńzɩ sɩ-taa sakɩyɛ sʋʋ malɩŋ Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ ŋgbɛyɛ taa. Tobo se Afrɩka ajɛya kɛwɛ yomiye taa nɛ pʋcɔ pazɩ pazɩ alɛɛ yomiye ńɖɩ ɖɩ-taa nɛ awɛɛ a-tɩ yɔɔ lɛɛlɛyɔ. Kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 1910 nɛ puwolo pɩnaɣ 1975 taa Afrɩka ajɛya lʋba nɛ alɩɩ yomiye taa.


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Raphael
Raffaello Sanzio kɛ Roma tʋ. Patɩlɩɩ toni nɛ hɩɖɛ nɖɩ yɔɖɩɖɩyɔ Raphael. Palʋlɩ-ɩ Urbino kɛ Itaalii ɛjaɖɛ taa kɛ efemiye loɖo ŋgʋ wine kɛ ɖomaɣ fenaɣ taa kɛ pɩnaɣ 1483 taa. Ɖɩtaasɔ size Roma kɛna Itaalii ɛjaɖɛ tɛ tɛtʋ susɔtʋ. Ɛ-caa yaa ɛ-lʋlʋyʋ kɔyɔ Giovanni Santi. Santi Raffaello da Urbino sɩba ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kʋɖʋmaɣ ŋga ka-taa kɛ efemiye loɖo wine kɛɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ kɛpɩnaɣ 1520 taa kɛ Itaalii tɛ tɛtʋ susɔtʋ nɖʋ payaɣ-tʋ size Roma yɔ tɩ-taa. Ɛ-lakaɣ tʋmasʋ sɔ na pɩŋŋ, nɛ nayɛ kɔyɔ: sɛmɩŋ taʋʋ tʋmɩyɛ, matʋ sʋsɔtʋ tʋmɩyɛ ndʋ tɩ yɔ ɛsɔ saɣkpala huwa lʋʋ tʋmɩyɛ yɔ. Ɛ-hɩlaa lɛɣ na kɔyɔ: Raffaello Santi, Raffaello da Urbino, nɛ Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino. Ɛ-caa lakaɣ ɖɔɖɔ tʋma sena ɛlakɩŋ nɔyɔ. Pɩyalʋ ɛnɛ yɔ ɛkɛkpɛlɛkʋyʋ ɛ-tʋmaɖɩlaɖɛ, peeɖe ɛ-kaɣkpaɣlɩmaza nɛ sɔlɩmtʋ maanaɣayɔ.Ɛ-ɖoo sɩbaɣ pɩnaɣ 1494 taa nɛ ɛ-caa kɛpɩnzɩ naadozo waɩkɛpɩnaɣ 1491 taa.


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Silii
Silii kɛna Amreika nɛ hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ ajɛya wena awɛ kamaɣ yɔɔ yɔ ana yɔ: hayʊ kiŋ lɛ Peruu, hayʊ kiŋ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ Polivii, wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ Arizantini. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩkpaɣna Atakama kañɩŋ pʊsaɣ piwolo pɩsɩɩna Hɔrini. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina wɛɛ kɩñɩnɩɣ ɖɔɖɔ se kɩmʊ Antariki keteŋa hɔɔlɩɣ nakʊyʊ ɖɔɖɔ.
Ɖɩwalanzɩ taa makɩɣna ɛzɩ 1 236 000 km2 yɔ nɛ ɛyaa kpeekpe kpɛndɩ 16 634 603. Tɛtʊ ndʊ lɩm cɔ-tʊko nɛ pɩta nɛ tɩwɛɛ Falparayiso taa nɛ payaɣ-tʊ se Pakɩ tɛtʊ yɔ tɩwɛ ɖɔɖɔ Silii taa ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1 888. Tɛtʊ ndʊ tiposina Silii nɛ kilomɛtana ɛzɩ 3 000 yɔ.
Silii tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Santiyago. Silii, Arzantini nɛ Iriigʊyee ajɛya taa kɛ Erɔpɩ ɛsa kuliye tɔm kɩlɩ tɔyʊ. Silii kɛna ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩkɩlɩ wobu nɛ ɛsɩndaa kɛ Amerika Latini kpeekpe taa, pɩotasɩ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ kɛ mʊlʊm nɛ tɔkɩm takɩlɩ tɔyʊʊ. Pɩkɛna ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa temokrasi wɛ camɩyɛ yɔ. Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pɔyɔɔdɩɣ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlɩɣ-kʊ sukulinaa taa yɔ ŋgʊ lɛ siliyɛŋ ɛsɩpañɔlɩ. Pɔyɔɔdɩɣ ɖɔɖɔ riina simi, mapiidiigiini yaa ayimara nɛ fanaga rapanuwi.
Liidiye nɖi spɔtɔkɩ peeɖe yɔ nɖɩ lɛ pezo. Silii mʊ kɩ-tɩ yɔɔ caaʊ kɛ salaŋ fenaɣ 18 pɩnaɣ 1810 nɛ pañɩɣ nesɩ kpataa kɩ-tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊ mbʊ lɛlaɣ fenaɣ 18 pɩnaɣ 1810. Pɩnaɣ 2010 taa kɛ Silii ɛjaɖɛ sʊ OCDE ŋgbɛyɛ taa. Kpaɣ lakɩŋ fenaɣ 11 pɩnaɣ 2006 lɛ Michelle Bachelet kaakɛŋna Silii ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊtʊ. Ɛ-tɛ alɩwaatʊ tɛ lakɩŋ fenaɣ 11 pɩnaɣ 2010.
Pɔtɔ caca kɩfalʊʊ lɛ palɩzɩ Sebastián Piñera se ɛkɛ ɛjɑɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩñʊʊtʊ kpaɣna lakɩŋ fenaɣ 11 pɩnaɣ 2010 pɩsɩɩna lakɩŋ fenaɣ 11 pɩnɑɣ 2014. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩñʊʊtʊ kɩfalʊ yɔ ɖoɖoo Michelle Bachelet.


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Niwu Mɛksikii
Niwu Mɛksikii kɛna Etaazuunii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ cikpetʊ natʊyʊ. Nɛ Etazuunii ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ ajɛya cikpena naayɛ nɩɩnɩwa kpɛndɩna nɛ aɖʊ nɔɔ nɛ awɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ taa kpaɩ. Etaazunii tɔbʊʊ nɛ kabɩyɛ taa se ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ.
Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩcɔ ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ nɛ tɩta yɔ ndʊ yɔ: Wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ Tɛkzasii, wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa kiŋ lɛ, Ariizona hadɛ kiŋ lɛ Sonora piyele nɛ hayʊ kiŋ lɛ Koloradoo.
Pamaza Niwu Mɛksikii ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ taa lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ ɛzɩ 315 194 km2 nɛ ɖenɖe tɛtʊ ñabɩ wɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 314 590 km2 yɔ nɛ ɖenɖe lɩm ñɛwɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe ñɛwɛʊ ɛzɩ 607 km2 yɔ pʊtɔbʊʊ se pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 0,2 yɔ kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ. Ɛjaɖ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩkɛŋna 36 ñɩnɖɛ ɛyaa ɖɔʊ taa kɛ Etazuunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ kpeekpe taa.
Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɖɩ kɛŋna ɛjaɖɛ 47 ñɩnɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩsʊ Etaazunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊɣ ŋgbɛyɛ taa yɔ. Ɛlɛ pɩɩkɛ kɔlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ looɖo ŋgʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 1912. Pɩnaɣ 2010 taa paakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ paana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 2 059 179 yɔ.
Payaɣ Niwu Mɛksikii ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-ñʊʊdʊ se Susana Martinez (R) piyele nɛ komina ñʊndinaa kɔyɔ: Tom Udall (D) nɛ Martin Heinrich (D).Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, ŋgʊ lɛ yɔ aŋgilisi nɛ ɛspañɔɔlɩ. Ɛlɛ siŋŋŋ taa lɛ, komina maɣmaɣ tatɩɩ hada nɔɔ camɩyɛ se aŋgilisi kɛŋna kɩ-kʊnʊŋ.


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Kazablanka
Kazablanka tɔbʊʊ nɛ Arabɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa size "Ɖɩya kʊhʊlʊmaɣ". Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩkɛ Marɔkɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ natʊyʊ nɛ tɩwɛna ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ nɛ ɖɩ-wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa ɛlɛ pɩmaɣzɩ wɛʊ nɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-hɛkʊ taa. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ, Marɔkɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ ndʊ payaɣ-tʊ se Kazablanka-Setatɩ yɔ, tɩ-tɛ tɛtʊ hɩɖɛ sʊsɔyɛ kɛlɛ se Kazablanka. Kazablanka-Setatɩ tɛtʊ tʊnɛ, ndʊ lɛ Marɔkɩ ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ nɛ tɩ-taa kɛ tɔsʊ hʊʊ nɛ ɛsɩndaa ɖɛʊ kɩlaa; tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɖɔɖɔ ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔɖɔʊ kɛ Magirɛbʊ ɛjaya taa tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ kpeekpe taa.
Kazablanka-Se tʊma sʊsɔna wɛɛ yɔɔ. Ɖooo pɩnaɣ 2002 taa kɛ pɛtɛyɩ tɛtʊ ndʊ ageeta haiu nɛ looɖo (16). Pɩnaɣ 2014 taa pakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ lɛ, pana ɛyaa mba pɛkpɛnda ɛyaa miliyɔɔnaa 3 359 818. Ɛlɛ pɛkpɛndɩna tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ ndʊ tɩ-tɛ ageeta cɩkpena lɛɛna kɔyɔ, ɛyaa kpeekpe kpɛnda miliyɔɔnaa 4 270 750. Kɩgalʊʊ kʊnɛ pakalɩ-kʊ pɩnaɣ 2015.
Pañɩnɩɣ keteŋa kpeekpe taa kɛ cɩŋgilinaa mba pakɩlɩɖeu yɔ, panaɣ sakɩyɛ kɛ kazablanka tɛtʊ taa. Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa ciŋgɩlɩ sɔsɔʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ-kʊ se Hassan II yɔ, kɩ-tɛ ɖenɖe imaam sʊsɔ weyi paya-ɩ se muyezɩŋ yɔ ɛsɩŋgʊ nɛ ɛyaɣ malɩŋ lɛɛŋ kɛ ɛsɔ sɛtʊ yɔ, peeɖe kɩlɩna ɖeʊ kɛ keteŋa kpeekpe pɩ-tɛ lona lɛɛna.
Kazablanka nɛ keteŋga kpeekpe taa malikanaa nabɛyɛ pɛkpɛndʊʊ nɛ palakɩ tʊma. Malikinaa mba mba pa-taa kɔyɔ: Sikaago (Etaazuunii), Saŋgayɩ (Siini, ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1986), Pɔrɩdoo (Fransɩɩ, ɖooo mɩnzɛma fenaɣ naatozo pɩnaɣ 1988), Tuubayɩ (Emirati-Arabʊzuni), Isitambuli (Turki), Mɔntireyali (Kanadaa, ɖooo lakɩŋ fenaɣ 1999), Alizee (Alizeerii, ɖooo hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ 19 pɩnaɣ 1963), Sɩfakɩsɩ (Tuniizii), Prukisɛɛlɩ (Pɛliziki), Petarɩsi kiɖeɖeu (Ruusii), Tokiyo (Sapɔŋ, pɩnaɣ 2004), Lisiboni (Pɔritigaalɩ) nɛ Uwarɩzazatɩ (Marɔkɩ). Piyele Kazablanka nɛ Fransɩɩ malika ŋgʊ payaɣ-kʊ se Marsɛyɩ yɔ, kɩna-kʊ taabalɩyɛ ŋgbɛyɛ nɛ ɖama nɩnaʊ pɩwɛ ɖooo hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ 27 pɩnaɣ 1998.


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Siirii
kɛna ɛndɩ taa tɛtʊ natʊyʊ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩwɛna Prɔɔsɩ Ooriyaŋ hɔɔlʊʊ taa ɛjaɖɛ Siirii naɖɩyɛ nɛ ɖɩwɛ Mediteraanee teŋgu nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa kiŋ.
Pamaza Siirii ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ 185 180 km2 nɛ ɖenɖe lɩm wɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe takɩlɩ ɖɔʊ nɛ pɩmakʊɣna ɛzɩ 0,06 yɔ kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ. Pɩnaɣ 2017 taa pakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ pana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 17 534 083 yɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa yee pakalɩɣ ɛyaa km2 taa kɔyɔ, panaɣ-wɛ ɛzɩ 98 yɔ. Ɖomaɣ fenaɣ 17 wiye pɩnaɣ 1946 kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩmʊ ɖɩ-tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊ. Payaɣ Siirii ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊdʊ kɩfalʊ se Bachar el-Assad nɛ ɛ-tɛ komina yɔɔ cɔnayʊ se Imad Khamis.
Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, ŋgʊʊ lɛ araabʊ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Taamaasɩ nɛ ndʊ tɩkɩlɩna walanzɩ ɖɔɖɔ. Yee ɛyʊ ɛsɔɔlaa se ɛyaa nɔɔyʊ kɛ kaŋgalafu yɔɔ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa kɔyɔ, pɩkɛna-ɩ kɩjɛyʊʊ se ɛma +963 ɛ-tɛ kaŋgalafu kpata yɔɔ pʊcɔ ŋɛ ɛɛma pɩtɛ ɛyʊʊ kaŋgalafu nimaɣ mayaɣ. Liidiye nɖɩ pɔtɔkɩ-ɖɩ peeɖe yɔ payaɣ-ɖɩ se Liivri siiriyɛnɩ.


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Ɛsɩtɛɣlɩm
Ɛsɩtɛɣlɩm kɛna lɩm mbʊ pɩlɩɣna ɛsɩyɛ piye taa yɔ. Ɛsɩtɛɣlɩm taa wɛ ɖɔm tɩyɛ nɛ wezuu ajɔɔla wena awɛ ɛsɛ taa yɔ, ana atɔʊna leleminaŋ ŋga. Wiliu taa kɛ ɛsɩtɛɣlɩm lɩʊ nɛ nakpaazasɩ yɔɔ kɛ pikpeŋ. Pana ɛyʊ ɛsɩnda nɛ ɛsɩtɛɣlɩm kɔyɔ, pɔtɔŋ se ewuu. Ɛsɩtɛɣlɩm ɛɛlɩʊ yem. Alɩwaatʊ ndʊ ɛyʊ ñaŋ kpakpaya yaa sɔɔndʊ kpaɣ-ɩ lɛ, pɩpɩzʊʊ pɩlɩɩ. Pɩtasɩ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, ɛyʊ ɛsɛtɩɣ kaabʊ kɔyɔ kɩ-tɛ helimaɣ nakayɩ wɛɛ nɛ kɛwɛ ɖoŋ ɛzɩ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɩ ñɩɣtʊ sɔŋ yɔ nɛ ɩlakɩ ɖɔɖɔ nɛ ɛsɩtɛɣlɩm lɩɩ. Yee pɩkɩla eyʊ wɩzʊʊ, ɛyʊ taa ɛvɛyɩ lɛlɛŋ, yaa nabʊyʊ laba-ɩ nɛ ɛ-yɔɔ wɩɣʊ kɔyɔ, ɛsɩtɛɣlɩm ɛɛlaɣzʊ lɩʊ. Pɩtɛ lɛ, ɛyʊ taa ɛkɩla leleŋ, woŋga ɛkɩla-ɩ yaa nabʊyʊ yem, ɛ-ɛsɩtɛɣlɩm pɩzʊʊ pɩlɩɩ ɖɔɖɔ.
Sɔŋzɩ nasɩyɛ taa lɛ, ɛyaa nabayɩ wɛɛ nɛ pɩsɩma wiu camɩyɛ nɛ sɩm ɛlaba ɖoɩ kɔyɔ, mba patɩŋ nɛ powolo pewi-i. Ɛsɩtɛɣlɩm taa nɛ lɩm nɛ lɩm mbʊ pɩ-taa nɛ klɔɖɩ nɛ sodiyɔm tomnasi. Tomnasɩ sɩnɛ sɩhaɣna ɛsɩtɛɣlɩm kɛ lelemɩnaɣ ŋga kɛkɛ ɖɔm yɔ. Pɩtasɩ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, nazɩyʊ sɩɣlɩyʊ, nʊmnaa, pɩdʊʊ, yaɖɛ taa kʊlʊm nɛ kɔɔ ndɩ ndɩ pisida ɛsɩtɛɣlɩm taa. Pɩnaɣ 1981 ñɩnɩya ñɩna nɛ pana se mbʊ pɩwɛ ɛsɩtɛɣlɩm taa pɩwɛ ndɩ ndɩ pɩlɩɩna wɩlɩʊ ŋgʊ ɛyʊ wiu yɔ. Ɛsɩtɛɣlɩm mbʊ pɩlɩʊ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ ɛyʊ taa wɩɣʊ yɔ, pɩ-taa nɛ yaɖɛ taa kʊlʊm pɩkɩlɩ mbʊ pɩlɩʊ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ pɩkɛna nabɩyʊ labɩna pʊndʊ ɖoli yem ñɩɩɩ yɔ.
Ɛsɩtɛɣlɩm wɛ ɖeu mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ pɩhaɣ ɔkɩsɩzɛɛnɩ nɛ pɩñalʊ ɛsɛ hutu nɛ ɛsɛ pee asuluma. Wiliu lʊkɩna ɖɔɖɔ ɛyʊ ñʊʊ taa yaa ɛ-maɣzɩm taa wɩzasɩ kʊɖomɩŋ weyi ɩpɩzʊ ɩha ɛsɛ ñɩŋgɩyɛ yɔ. Wiliu kɛna ɖɔɖɔ nɔmɔʊ ŋgʊ ɛyʊ tɩŋgʊna nɛ ɛwɩlɩ ndʊ tɩɩsaŋgɩ-ɩ yɔɔdʊ yɔ. Ɛzɩ pɩɣa ɛjam yɔ, akpadayʊ yaa ɖɔɖɔ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ pɩkɩla ɛyʊ ɖɩɩzʊ yaa wɩzʊ yɔ. Pɩnzɩ 45 wayɩ pɩwɛ ɛyʊ kaɖɛ se ewii nɛ ɛsɩtɛɣlɩm lɩɩ ɛzɩ pɩdɩɩ yɔ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, ɛ-ɛsɛ hutu ajɔɔla hʊwa nɛ aatasʊ tisu kɛ ɛsɩtɛɣlɩm camɩyɛ. Pɩtɛ wɛtʊ ndʊ tɩkɩla wɛʊ halʊ tɛ.


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Henri Matisse
Henri Matisse kɛ Fransɩ tʋ. Ɛkɛ abalʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Palʋla-ɩ saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ, kɩyakʋ niidozo nɛ kʋɖʋmʋʋ (31) wiye, pɩnaɣ 1869 n̄ɩŋga taa.
Cateau-Cambrésis tɛtʋ taa palʋla-ɩ. Cateau-Cambrésis kɛ Fransɩ tɛtʋ natʋyʋ. Ɖajaa ɛnɛ, ɛkɛ tʋma ndɩ ndɩ laɖʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ. Ɛsɩba kamɩŋ fenaɣ, kɩyakʋ naadozo (3) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1954 n̄ɩŋga taa. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ size ɛwɛna pɩnzɩ hiŋ lutozo nɛ kagbanzɩ (85) lɛ ewona sɔsaa mʋlʋm. Nice tɛtʋ taa ɛsɩba Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa peeɖe.
Ɖajaa ɛnɛ, ɛkɛ sɛmɩŋ taʋ tʋmɩyɛ laɖʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛlakɩ sɛmɩŋ taʋ tʋmɩyɛ nɖɩ nɛ sɔɔlɩm siŋŋ mbʋ yɔ, ɛlakɩ-ɖɩ ɖeu ɛzɩ pʋpɔzʋʋ yɔ. Ɖajaa Henri Matisse lakɩ ɖɔɖɔ lɩzɩtʋ tʋmɩyɛ.
Ɖajaa Matisse kɛ ɖɔɖɔ kafɩnta. Ɛsakɩ sɩɣgbelasɩ ndɩ ndɩ. Ɖajaa henri Matisse tʋma ɖɔ sakɩyɛ. Ɖajaa Henri Matisse hɩɖɛ sɛ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ kpaɖʋʋ nɛɛlɛ (20) n̄ɩŋgʋ taa.
Ɛ-tʋma kaakɩlɩna ɖoŋ yaa yuŋ kɛ kpaɖʋ nɛɛlɛ n̄ɩŋgʋ ŋgʋ kɩ-hɛkʋ nɛ hɛkʋ alɩwaatʋ taa. Pasaŋaɣ-ɩ siŋŋ ɛ-tʋma labʋ hɔɔlʋʋ taa pɩlɩɩna ɛzɩma mbʋ ɛpɩzaɣ ɛpɩsɩɣ paa wonuu ŋgʋ lɛ mbʋ ɛsɔɔla yɔ.
Ɖajaa Henri kaakɛ ɖɔɖɔ mbʋ payaɣna Fransɩ kʋnʋŋ taa size "fauvisme" yɔ pʋ-n̄ʋʋ tʋ. Ɛ-tʋmɩyɛ labʋ taa payɩ lɛ, sɔsɔ weyi payaɣ size Pablo Picasso yɔ, ɛkɛna ɛ-taabalʋ nɛ ɛ-sɩnɩyʋ kɔɔnɔɔ tʋ. E-koyindu tʋ yaa ɛ nɛ weyi peheɣlaɣ ɖama yɔ, ɛlɛ lɛ ɖajaa Andy Warhol.


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Emmanuel Kant
Emmanuel Kant kɛ Caama tʋ. Palʋla-ɩ agoza fenaɣ kɩyakʋ nɛɛlɛ nɛ naalɛ (22) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1724 n̄ɩŋga taa.
Palʋla-ɩ Königsberg tɛtʋ taa Prusse-Orientale egeetiye taa. Ɖajaa Emmanuel Kant sɩba kɔlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ hiu nɛ naalɛ (12) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1804 n̄ɩŋga taa.
Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se ɛsɩba ɛ-pɩnzɩ hiŋ lutozo (80) taa. Ɖajaa Emmanuel Kant kɛ filozɔɔfʋ sɔsɔ ɛ-alɩwaatʋ taa. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se e-wezuu caɣʋ taa ɛñɩnaa se ɛtɩlɩ ɛyʋ pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩ ɛ-laŋɩyɛ cukaŋ taa.
Filosɔɔfʋ sɔsɔ Emmanuel Kant yebina nɛ ɛyʋ nɩʋ kamaɣ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ piliŋa ñɔ Caama taa.
Ɖajaa Emmanuel Kant yebina ɖɔɖɔ nɛ maɣzɩm ɖeyi ɖeyi tɛ nɩʋ kpayɩ kpayɩ n̄ɩnʋʋ piliŋa ñɔ Caama. Pʋtʋʋ fɛyɩ lɛɣtʋ piliŋa ŋ́ga ka-taa.
Ɖajaa Emmanuel Kant laba filozofii lɛɣtʋ piliŋa taa tʋma sakɩyɛ. Ɛlaba ɖoziye tɔbʋʋ ñɩnʋʋ tʋmɩyɛ. Ɛlaba ɖɔɖɔ taa takʋʋ lɛɣtʋ piliŋa taa tʋmɩyɛ. Ɛlaba kawɩlaɣ kpɛlɛkʋʋ tʋmɩyɛ. Ɖajaa Emmanuel Kant : Critique de la raison pure nɛ Critique de la raison pratique nɛ pɩtasɩna Critique de la faculté de juger.


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Afrɩka tɛtʋ wandamm
Afrɩka kɛ tɛtʋ wandamm. Ajɛya nɩɩnʋwa nɛ kagbaanzɩ wɛna Afrɩka tɛtʋ wandamm taa.
Yee pɛtɛyɩ kedeŋa kpeekpe tɛtʋ hɔɔlɩŋ mɩnʋʋ kɔyɔ, Afrɩka tɛtʋ wandamm kɛ hɔɔlɩŋ loɖo. Ɛlɛ, yee pɩkpɛndɩna hɔɔlɩŋ weyi lɩm wɛ ɛ-taa payɩ kedeŋa yɔɔ cɩnɛ nɛ pɛtɛyɩ kedeŋa hɔɔlɩ mɩnʋʋ kɔyɔ, Afrɩka tɛtʋ wandamm kɛ hɔɔlɩŋ nɩɩlɛ (20). Yee pɩkpɛndɩna Afrɩka tɛ tɛtʋ cikpetu ndɩ ndɩ ndʋ lɩm cɔ-tʋ kontiko nɛ pɩta yɔ, Afrɩka walanzɩ kɛ 30 415 873 km2.
Kedeŋa kpeekpe tɛtʋ wandamm waa naalɛ ɖeke kɩlɩna walʋʋ Afrɩka tɛtʋ wandamm. Afrɩka ɛyaa ñʋʋ kɛ miiliyaarɩ waa 1,2 nɛ pɩɖɛɛ pʋ-yɔɔ. Kedeŋa kpeekpe ɛyaa ɖɔʋ nʋmɔʋ taa lɛ, Aazii tɛtʋ wandamm kɩlɩna. Tɩ-wayɩ lɛ, Afrɩka tɛtʋ wandamm tɩŋna ɛyaa ɖɔʋ hɔɔlʋʋ taa. Pɩnaɣ 2016 taa, kedeŋa kpeekpe ɛyaa mɩnʋʋ yɔɔ lɛ, ɛyaa 16,4 wɛ Afrɩka tɛtʋ wandamm taa.
Afrɩka nɛ hayi kiŋ lɛ, ɖɩnaɣ Meditɛɛranee teŋu nɛ Suwɛɛzɩ hɛŋa. Afrɩka nɛ hayi kiŋ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ taa lɛ, ɖɩnaɣ teŋu kɩsɛmʋʋ. Afrɩka nɛ hadɛ kiŋ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ taa lɛ, ɖɩna Ɛɛdɩ lɩŋamʋʋ. Wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʋyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ taa lɛ, ɖɩna Atɩlantiki teŋgu.
Mbʋ payaɣ se ekuwatɛɛrɩ yɔ, pɩtɩŋna Afrɩka tɛtʋ wandamm hɛkʋ taa. Afrɩka tɛtʋ wandamm taa lɛ, hɔɔlɩŋ nɩɩyɛ taa wɛ niikaɣ fɩnɩnɩ, hɔɔlɩŋ lɛɛŋ lɛ niikaɣ maɣna. Hɔɔlɩŋ lɛɛŋ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, soŋaɣ wɛɛ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ nɛ hɔɔlɩŋ lɛɛŋ lɛ, soŋaɣ maɣna.
Tɛʋ ɛɛnɩɣ ɖoŋ ɖoŋ Afrɩka tɛtʋ wandamm taa. Afrɩka hɔɔlɩŋ nɩɩyɛ taa lɛ, tɛʋ nɩɣ pɩnaɣ mpilim taa fenasɩ loɖo ɖeke. Hɔɔlɩŋ lɛɛŋ taa lɛ, tɛʋ pɩzɩɣ kɩnɩɩ pɩtalɩ fanasɩ lutozo yaa hiu mbʋ yɔ pɩnaɣ taa.
Yee pɛtɛyɩ Afrɩka tɛtʋ wandamm hɔɔlɩŋ mɩnʋʋ kɔyɔ, hɔɔlɩŋ nɩɩnʋwa nɛ hiu (60) tɛtʋ fɛyɩ mʋzʋŋ, pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se hɔɔlɩŋ ɛnʋ ɛwɛ wɩlɩŋ. Tɔɔnasɩ ɛɛlakɩ camɩyɛ hɔɔlɩŋ ɛnʋ ɛ-taa. Paa mbʋ yɔ, Afrɩka tɛtʋ wɛ mʋzʋŋ sakɩyɛ.
Afrɩka tɛtʋ wandamm wɛna tɛtɛɛ ñɩm pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ. Mbʋ yebina Anasaayɩ naa huyuu-tʋ ɛzɩ hasɩ huyuu nandʋ yɔ. Halɩ pakʋma Afrɩka tɛtʋ hɩɖɛ se « Koboyaɣ tɛtʋ ». Laŋ sɔsɔŋ ndɩ ndɩ wɛ Afrɩka tɛtʋ wandamm taa. Ɛlɛ, tɩŋ tim nɛ tɩŋ kɩɩsɔʋ yeba nɛ laŋ paɣzɩ pasʋʋ pazɩ pazɩ Afrɩka tɛtʋ taa.
Ñɩnɩyaa sɔsaa sakɩyɛ tɔŋ se Afrɩka tɛtʋ wandamm taa ɛyʋ calɩ wɛʋ nɛ pʋcɔ ɛyaa kɔɔ pɔtɔyɩ nɛ posu kedeŋa kpeekpe. Pɔtɔma se, ɛyʋ calɩʋ wɛʋ Afrɩka tɛtʋ wandamm taa yɔ, pɩtalɩ ɛzɩ pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ naalɛ mbʋ yɔ.


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Kooree Hadɛ Kiŋ
Kooree Hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ wɛ Aazii nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa kiŋ nɛ kɩ-tɛ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Sewuli. Kooree hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ taa ɛyaa yɔɔdɩɣ kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ yɔ ŋgʊ payaɣ se koore; pɩkazɩ nɛ liidiye nɖɩ pɔtɔkɩ yɔ nɖɩ lɛ wooŋ. Kooree hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ sɩna Kooree hayʊ nɖɛ nɛ kilomɛtanaa ɛzɩ 238 yɔ. Yeee pakpaɣ kedeŋga kpeekpe kɔ yɔ, Kooree hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩkɛ hiu nɛ naalɛ ñɩnɖɛ kɩ-ñɩm tɔm taa.
Kooree hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ taa ɛyaa wɛ laŋhɛzɩyɛ taa lɛɛlɛyɔ pɩkɩlɩ ɛzɩ ɖooo lɛ yɔ mbʊ pʊ-yɔɔ yɔ pɩnaɣ 1961 taa lɛ mba paawɛ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ taa yɔ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ lɛ 28 nɛ pɩnaɣ 2011 taa lɛ, mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ lɛ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ taa mba talɩɣ ɛzɩ 83 yɔ. Kooree hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ taa ya wɛ miliyɔɔnaa 49 nɛ pa-taa lɛ ɛyaa ɛzɩ miliyɔɔna 22 wɛ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ taa.
Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɛyaa ɖɛ ɛzɩ miliyɔɔnaa ɛzɩ 750 kɛ pɩnaɣ 2005 yɔ, mbʊ yɔ tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-taa ɛyaa kɔ yɔ: Sewulɩ (10 350 000), Pusaŋ (3 680 000), Inzeyɔŋ (2 580 000), Tayeguu (2 565 000), Tayezeyɔŋ (1 475 000), Kɩwanzuu (1 415 000), Suwɔŋ (1 240 000), Koyaŋgɩ (1 200 000), Seyɔŋñam (1 030 000), Ulsaŋ (960 000), Puuseyɔŋ (830 000).
Mɩsɩ kʊm fenaɣ 15 pɩnaɣ 2000 ŋgʊ wiye kɛ Kooree Hadɛ kiŋ ñʊʊtʊ Kim Dae-jung nɛ Kooree Hayɩ kiŋ ñɩnʊ Kim Jong-Il pekpeelaɣ nɛ panɩɩna ɖama se you nakʊyʊ ɛtaatasɩ wɛʊ pɛhɛkɛʊ taa pɩcɩyʊ-wɛ mbʊ paa ɛzɩmtaa. Ɛlɛ, lakɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 12 wiye pɩnaɣ 2004 kɛ Kooree Hadɛ ñɩma kpaɣ paɣtʊ natʊyʊ yem tuda se Kooree Hayʊ ñʊʊtʊ Roh Moo-hyun ɛɛtaatasɩ naŋgbaŋa fɛyʊ kɛ pɛ-tɛ ɛlɛ pɩkɔma nɛ pɩlakɩ ɛzɩ fenasi naalɛ mbʊyɔ lɛ, ɖomaɣ fenaɣ 14 wiye pɩnaɣ kʊɖʊmaɣ ŋga kewiye lɛ, paɖɩzɩ paɣtʊ ndʊ.


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Ɖɩɣa
Kabɩyɛ taa, pʋcɔ ɛyʋ ma ɖɩɣa lɛ, esiki kpooluu lone nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa ɛcaɣ maʋ ɛ-ɖɩya yɔ. Kpooluu ŋgʋ kɩwɛɛ peeɖe pʋkɔɔ pɩsɩɩna alɩwaatʋ ndʋ pɛtɛma ɖɩɣa maʋ yɔ.
Pacalɩɣna kuduyuu kʋsʋsʋʋ cikpeluu nakʋyʋ maʋ nɛ abalʋ sʋʋ kɩ-tɛɛ ɖoho naayɛ cabɩ. Yee eɖo camɩyɛ alɩwaatʋ ndʋ ɛsʋʋ kɩ-tɛɛ yɔ, pʋbʋ ɛpɩzɩɣ ɛma kuduyuŋ weyi ɛsɔɔlaa yɔ. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se lone nɖɩ, ɖɩwɛ ɖeu. Feziŋ kɩdɛkɛdɩŋ fɛyɩ ɖɩ-taa.
Kabɩyɛ tɛtʋ taa lɛ, paa ɖɩɣa ŋga kɛwɛna ka-kpaaŋ.
Kpaaŋ wɛ wazaɣ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ kabɩyɛ kuduyuŋ maʋ taa. Kpaaŋ taa ɖɩnaɣ hakiŋ nɛ kitiɣu. Yolum taa pɛmɛɛzɩɣ kitiɣui kpaaŋ taa. Ndene wɛ wazaɣ ɖɔɖɔ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ kpaaŋ taa. Yee tɛʋ ɛkpa ɛyʋ nʋmɔʋ taa nɛ ɛtalɩ ɖɩɣa nakɛyɛ cɔlɔ yɔ, kpaaŋ taa ɛcɔzʋʋ.
Hɔŋ ndɩ ndɩ pɩzɩɣ pɩwɛɛ ɖɩɣa sɔsaɣ taa. Payaɣ ɖɩɣa ŋga ka-taa nɔɔyʋ fɛyɩ yɔ se njɛyɛ.


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Tɛndɛŋga tɛɛ you
Kɩpaazɩɣ tɔm: lakɩŋ fenaɣ 5 pɩnaɣ 1946
Lakɩŋ fenaɣ 5 kɛ pɩnaɣ 1946 kɛ Westminster College de Fulton, Missouri taa kɛ Winston Churchill kpaɣ tɔm nɛ ɛyɔɔtɩtʊ taa kɛ ɛlɩza kacalaɣ taa kɛ tɔm ndʊ payaƴ se "Rideau de fer" yɔ tɩlɩwa. Britannique ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊtʊ ɛnʊ ɛyɔɔda se kpaɣ nɛ Stettin, Baltique taa nɛ ŋgɔɔ ŋsɩɩna Trieste, Adriatique taa; rideau de fer nakʊyʊ tɩba nɛ kɩkaɣ kedeŋga yɔɔ. Ɛyɔɔda tɔm nɛ eseɣti Europe tɛtʊ kpeekpe taa samaɣ se kañaɣ pana nɛ kalʊbɩna ko-koyindu pale nɛ kɛwɛɛ ka-tɩ yɔɔ nɛ tɛmokraasii wɛɛ pɛ-hɛkʊ taa. Paa nɛ Churchill tatasɩ kɛʊ Premier ministre kɔyɔ, ɛ-tɔm ŋdʊ tɩtala pale nɛ pɩkɛna kacalaɣ Pombo kɛ Tɛndɛŋga tɛɛ you tɔm.
Harry Truman lɩmaɣza: salaŋ fenaɣ pɩnaɣ 1947
Lakɩŋ fenaɣ 12 kɛ pɩnaɣ 1947 kɛ ajɛya ñɔɔŋ tɩnaa ketiizaɣ sɔsɔwa nakɛyɛ ɖeɖe kɛ Amerika taa kɛ Harry Truman lɩza lɩmaɣzɩyɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ ɛtɔɔ se pɩwɛɛ se pala mbʊ ɛnʊ yaɣ se "containment" (endiguement) yɔ. Ɛla lɩmaɣza ɖɔɖɔ se pɩwɛɛ se pasɩna Europe ajɛya taa ñɩma nɛ paha-wɛ liidiya sakɩyɛ nɛ pɩsɩna-wɛ nɛ pɛwɛɛ pa-tɩ yɔɔ. Ɛ-lɩmaɣzɩyɛ nɖɩ, ɖɩ-taa sɩŋŋŋ lɛ, URSS wɛna ɖoŋ weyi ajɛya sakɩyɛ yɔɔ yɔ nɛ Europe ñɩna kɛ pɛwɛɛ nɛ pɔcɔŋgɩɣ payɩ mbʊ yɔ. Pɩlaba mbʊ lɛ, pañɩɣ nesi nɛ paɖʊ mbʊ payɑɣ se plan Marshal yɔ. Kpaagba mbʊ lɛ, URSS ñalɩzɩ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩpɩzɩ nɛ ɖɩkɩlɩ Amerika ñɩma ñɩnɖɛ yɔ, nɛ payaa-ɖɩɖɩ se rapport Jdanov.
Jdanove tɔm: salaŋ fenaɣ pɩnaɣ 1947
Truman kɔsɔɔlaa se pɛkpɛndɩ kpɛm nɛ pɩsa nɛ pɛwɛ ɖɔŋ nɛ palʊbɩna koyindu lɛ, Jdanov ñama ɛ-takayaɣ nɛ ɛwɩlɩɣ kaɣlaɣ URSS wɛ wɛɖɩɣ ŋgʊ yɔ. Ɛ-lɩmaɣza ana, patatɩɩmʊ-yɛ paa ñɩɩ nɛ pɩwɛɛ se lɛlɛɛ yɔ ɛɖaɣnɩɣ naayɛ lɩzɩʊ nɛ ɛyɔɔdɩ Soviyetiki wɛ mbʊ pɩ-taa yɔ. Se pɩwɛɛ se mbʊ payaɣ se PC waa yɔ, pɛcɛyɩ pa-tɩ nɛ tuuɖe taa peeɖe cɛyɩ camɩyɛ cɩŋ nɛ piwobina nɛ Kominform yɔɔ.
Palɩzɩɣ Kominform: aloma fenaɣ pɩnaɣ 1947
Europe nɔsɩ yɔɔ cɔnɩyaa mba payaɣ se PC waa yɔ, paya-ɖama nakʊ nɛ pekpeɣli Pɔlɔɔñɩ tɛtʊ taa nɛ pakpaɣ lɩmaɣza se pala ndʊ nayʊ Jdanovɩ yɔɔda yɔ nɛ pana, nɛ petizi nɛ palɩzɩ Kominform. Ɖooo lɛ, ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩɩwɛɛ yɔ, nɖɩ payaɣa se Komintern; nɛ pɛlɛɣzɩ nɛ pakpaɣ Kominform. Paa ndɩ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-lɩmaɣza ndɩ ndɩ. Mbʊ Jdanov lɩmaɣza ñɔɔ.Kominform kʊnɛ, kɩ-lɩmaɣza tʊ camɩyɛ kpayɩ kpayɩ. Pɩtatasɩ kɛʊ se ajɛya ndɩ ndɩ yem kɩ-kpɛndɩɣna. Ajɛya wena apɩzɩɣ nɛ awɛɛ pɩ-taa yɔ pɩpɔzɩɣ se ɖɩkɛ Erɔpʋ keteŋga taa ɛjaɖɛ. Weyi ɛlɩza lɩmaɣza ana yɔ, ɛ-taa taawɛɛ leleŋ nɛ Fransɩɩ nɛ Itaalii mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, ɛcoɔŋna se ajɛya ana, ana ajɛya lɛɛna akpeliɣ nɛ pɔyɔɔdɩ ndʊ pɩɩwɛɛ se pɩkɛ pɛ-tɛ mɛɛzaɣ tɛɛ tɔm yɔ. Komintrn ŋgʊ kɩɩwɛɛ pɩkɔɔ pɩsɩɩna Staline sɩba. Kɩ-tɛ wazaɣ kaakɛnaa se pɔcɔna camɩyɛ nɛ pana se Erɔpʋ ajɛya tɩŋga ɖɔŋ ɖeu kɛ Mɔsɩkʋʋ tɛ politka yɔɔ yaa we. Palɩzɩɣ Kominformyɔ, pɩtɛma, lɛɛlɛ pɔtɔsɔɔlɩ se pana pɛ-ŋg bɛƴɛ taa kɛ Yougoslave yaa mba pɛwɛɛ nɛ paɖɩɩna lɔŋ tʊ Tito lɩmaɣza yɔɔ yɔ.


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Kwame Nkrumah
Ɖajaa weyi payaɣ-ɩ se Kwame Nkrumah yɔ, palʋla-ɩ [[salaŋ fenaɣ]] kɩyakʋ nɛɛlɛ nɛ kʋɖʋmʋʋ (21) wiye, pɩnaɣ 1909 taa. Palʋla-ɩ Nkroful tɛtʋ taa [[Kanaa]] ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛsɩba [[ɖomaɣ fenaɣ]] kɩyakʋ nɛɛlɛ nɛ lʋbɛ ñɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1972 taa. Bucarest tɛtʋ taa ɛsɩba. [[Ruumaanɩ]] ɛjaɖɛ taa Bucarest tɛtʋ wɛɛ.
Ɖajaa Kwame Nkrumah kɛ politiki laɖʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ Kanaa ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛɛkɛ Kanaa ɛjaɖɛ taa Minisi waa nɔɔ yɔɔ tʋ kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 1957 nɛ puwolo pɩsɩɩnɩ pɩnaɣ 1960 ñɩŋga taa. Pʋwayɩ lɛ Kanaa ɛjaɖɛ Ñʋʋdʋ, kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 1960 nɛ puwolo pɩsɩɩnɩ pɩnaɣ 1966 taa.
Yeesuu ŋgbɛyɛ taa tɩnaa mba payaɣ-wɛ se Yeezuwiti waa yɔ, pɔ-cɔlɔ Ɖajaa Kwame Nkrumah calɩ e-sukuli labʋ. Ɛɛkɛ pɩɣa ŋga ka-ñʋʋ taa ɖɔŋ camɩyɛ yɔ. Pʋ-yɔɔ sukulinaa yɔɔ cɔnɩyʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ wona-ɩ Akɩra tɛtʋ taa se ɛtɛzɩ e-sukuli peeɖe. Akɩra tɛtʋ kɛŋna Kanaa ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ.
Pɩnaɣ 1935 taa ɛtɛma e-sukuli sɔsɔʋ Akɩra tɛtʋ taa nɛ ɛɖɛɛ ewolo [[Etaazuunii]] ɛjaɖɛ taa se ɛtasɩ labʋ sukuli kɩkpaɖʋ. Ɛlaba kʋkʋ Lincoln tɛtʋ taa.
Alɩwaatʋ ndʋ ɛlakaɣ e-sukuli ŋgʋ yɔ, ɛɛwɛɛ ɛlakɩ ɖɔɖɔ tʋma cikpena cikpena naayɛ sɛ ɛpɩzɩ ehiɣ piye nɛ ɛcɔna ɛ-tɩ yɔɔ. Ɛ-kʋñɔŋ sukuli labʋ mbʋ pɩ-taa ɛma takayaɣ nakɛyɛ nɛ ɛyaa-kɛ se ‘Kʋñɔŋ pɩnzɩ alɩwaatʋ’.
Pɩnaɣ 1939 ñɩŋga taa ɛtɛma tɔsʋʋ sukuli labʋ nɛ ɛmʋ ka-takayaɣ. Pɩnaɣ ŋga ka-taa ɖɔɖɔ ɛmʋ samaɣ kpɛlɛkʋʋ lɛɣtʋ tɩlʋʋ takayaɣ.
Ɛtʋlɩ politiki ŋgbɛyɛ naɖɩyɛ Etaazuunii ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛnʋ kɛŋna ŋgbɛyɛ ńɖɩ ɖɩ-ñʋʋdʋ. Ekpeɣla Afrɩka tɛ sukuli piya sɔsɔsɩ nzɩ sɩwɛ Etaazuunii ɛjaɖɛ taa yɔ nɛ sɩkpɛndɩ nɔɔ nɛ sɩɖʋ ŋgbɛyɛ ńɖɩ. Eɖiya ŋgbɛyɛ ńɖɩ kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 1942 nɛ puwolo pɩsɩɩnɩ pɩnaɣ 1945 ñɩŋga taa.
Afrɩka tɛtʋ wandamm tɛ sukuli piya sɔsɔsɩ ɖʋ politiki ŋgbɛyɛ naɖɩyɛ. Ɖajaa Kwame Nkrumah wɛ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa. Ɛnʋ lʋbɩna siŋŋ nɛ ŋgbɛyɛ ńɖɩ ɖɩpɩsɩ Afrɩka tɛtʋ wandamm tɛ sukuli piya nzɩ sɩwɛ Etaazuunii ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ nzɩ sɩsɩ wɛ Kanadaa ɛjaɖɛ taa yɔ sɩ-ŋgbɛyɛ. Ɖajaa Kwame Nkruma kɛkɛŋna ŋgbɛyɛ ńɖɩ ɖʋ-ñʋʋdʋ, kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 1942 nɛ puwolo pɩsɩɩnɩ pɩnaɣ 1945 ñɩŋga taa.


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Mediteranee Teŋgu
Mediteraniya kɛna teŋgu ŋgʊ ketenzi cɔ; kpɛɛɛ nɛ pɩta yɔ. Ɛlɛ kɩyɔɔlʈaɖɩɣ kpɩɖɩ kpɩɖɩ. Pɩtʊlɩna ɖoli pazɩ. Teŋgu ŋgʊ kɩwɛ Eerɔpɩ, Afrika nɛ Azia pɛ-hɛkʊ taa. Pamaazɩ-kʊ nɛ pɔcɔɔ pɩtaa yɔ, pɩlakɩ ɛzɩ 2,5 millions km2 mbʊ yɔ. Kɩna Atlantiki lɩŋgamʊʊ patamsɩ ɖama nɛ ɖoli nɛ ɖɩnɛ walanzɩ taa maɣnɩ ɛzɩ 14km2 yɔ.
Hɩɖɛ nɖ paya teŋgu ŋgʊ mbʊ yɔ, ɖɩlɩna latin kʊnʊŋ taa; nɛ ɖɩtɔbʊʊ kɛlɛ se lɩm mbʊ tɛtʊ cɔɔ-pʊ kpɛɛɛ nɛ pɩta yɔ. Ɖooo lɔŋ taa lɛ, Mediterrania kaakɛ teŋgu ŋgʊ kɩ-yɔɔ palakaɣ tadɩyɛ yɔ. Lɔŋsɩnɖaa nɛ tɩlɩya ndɩ ndɩ pakataɣ ɖɔɖɔ peeɖe. Ɖɩnaɣ Mezopotania tɩlɩtʊ, Egypti nɛ Persia nɛ Fenecia nɛ Kartyagen nɛ Berbernaa nɛ Grecia nɛ Romaa mba patɩlɩtʊ. Pɩkpaɣʊ nɛ ɖooo kiɖe tɛɛ yɔ mbʊ mbʊ pɩɖɔma peeɖe yɔ pɩwɛna wazaɣ sɩŋŋŋ kɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ ɛsa-kuliye taa pɩlɩna kapaɣlɩka yɔɔ.
Mediteraniya teŋgu nɛ Atlantiki lɩŋgamʊʊ patamsɩ ɖama nɛ Gibraltar lɩɩyɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa nɛ. Wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ, Marmara Teŋgu nɛ Teŋgʊ Kɩkpɛdʋʋ patamsɩ ɖama nɛ Dardanelles nɛ Bosphore. Suez Teŋgu nɛ Mediteraniya teŋgu patamsɩ ɖama nɛ Teŋgu Kɩsɛɛmʋʋ. Pɩkɛ teŋgu ŋgʊ kɩɖɩɣ hɔɔlʊ kʊɖʊmʊʊ yɔ nɛ ajɛya 23 nɔnɔsɩ tʊlɩ nɛ kʊyɔɔ. Ɛlɛ ajɛya nayɛ wɛɛ nɛ acɔʊ a-taa kikiii nɛ Mediteraniya Teŋgu tɔm. Rusii ajɛya kɩgaʊ ŋgba tɔŋ se Mediteraniya Teŋgu kɛ teŋgu ŋgʊ paapɩzɩɣ payaa-kʊ kʊɖʊmʊʊ kpayɩ yɔ. Size teŋgunaa sakɩyɛ tɩŋgʊ nɛ kɩ-taa nɛ pɛɖɛʊ hɔɔlɩŋ lɛɛŋ taa. Adriyatiki Teŋgu tɔm pakpakɩɣna nɛ pɔyɔɔdɩɣ tɔm ndʊ.
Mediteraniya teŋgu hɔɔlʊ taa nikaɣ nɛ sʊŋga pɔ-tɔm wɛ hɛɛɛ. Ɛlɛ wɩlɩŋ alɩwaatʋ taa lɛ wɩlɩŋ nɛ sʊŋga pɛwɛ ɖɔɖɔ sɩŋŋŋ. Peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ mbʊ yɔ, yolim taa ɛsɔtaa wɛ kaɖɛ. Tɛʊ ɛtɔmaa kɩnɩɣ, kɩnɩɣ ɖɔɖɔ kadadayaɣ nɛ tɛtʊ ɖɛɛ lɩm ɖɔɖɔ. Alɩwaatʋ natʊyʊ taa tɛʊ pɩzɩɣ kɩnɩɩ ɛzɩ fenasɩ naadozo yaa pɩɖɛɛ pɩyɔɔ. Pʋyɔɔ yɔɔ yolim tɩkɩ lɛ, lim kɩlɩʊ nɛ pɩsʊʊ ɛyaa yɔɔ yem yem. Mbʊ pɩlaba Vaison-la-Romaine taa pɩnaɣ 1992 nɛ ɖɔɖɔ Aude taa pɩnaɣ 2000 taa. Mediteraniya Teŋgu taa lɩm sɔʊ nɛ pɩkɩlɩɣ Atlantiki Teŋgu taa lɩm mbʊ pʋyɔɔ yɔ pɩkpeŋ kamaɣ fɛyɩ.


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Edinbourg sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ
Edimbourg sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ, pɩkɛ sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩwɛ Ekɔɔsɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa, patʊlɩ-kʊ pɩnaɣ 1583 alɩwaatʊ ndʊ Edimbourg paɣlaɣ lɔŋ lɔŋ yɔ. Pakalɩ sukulɩ kɩtɛzʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa kɛ sukuli piyaa sɔsɔsɩ nzɩ sɩpɩza lubutu kpɛlɩ lɛɣzʊʊ alɩwaatʊ taa yɔ, kɩ-taa wɛɛ sukuli piyaa pʊɖɔɔ pɩkɩlɩ sukuli naa lalaa kɛ Ekɔsɩ ɛjadɛ taa nɛ kɩwɛɛ sukuli kɩtɛzɩŋ sɔsɔŋ wɛyi ɛwɛ Kewiyaɣ Kɩkpɛndaɣ ɛjaɖɛ taa yɔ.
Charte royale mana sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ ŋgʊ kɛlɛ Jacques 6 tʊ weyi ɛ-tɛ Ekɔsɩ yɔ hana waɖɛ pɩnaɣ 1582. Ɖɩcɔna kɔyɔ Edimbourg sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ ŋgʊ pamaʊ-kʊ yɔ, kɩ-tɛ mbʊ pakpaɣ nɛ pamana-kʊ yɔ lɩna Edimbourg tɛtʊ taa liidiye yɔɔ, kɛlɛ pɩpɩsɩ-kʊ sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ keekee, nɛ pasɩm-kʊ nɛ hɩɖɛ ɖɩ nɛ yɔ se Tounis Kɔlɛɛzɩ.
Sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩkɛ naananza ŋgʊ Ekɔsɩ ɛjadɛ kɛlɛ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa lɛ Angletɛrɩ kaawɛna sukuli kɩtɛzɩŋ naalɛ yeke papa yɔ Oxford nɛ Cambridge, patɩŋɛ mbʊ yɔ paawɛ ɖoŋ siŋ. Pʊwayɩ mbʊ yɔ sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ pɩsɩ lone sɔsɔyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa pana ñalɩmɩyɛ yɔ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ kɩ-taa peeɖe panaɣ lɛɣtʊ tɩnaa nɛ luɖaa piŋ kpɛlɩ tʊma sɔsɔna alɩwaatʊ taa. Sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩpɩsɩ sɔsɔʊ kɛ sukuli naa sɔsaa lalaa taa Erɔpʊ tɛtʊ wandamm taa pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩna sɔnɔ nɛ kɩkɛ weewe sukuli naa hiu hɛkʊ taa sukuli lɛɛkʊ.
Pɩlʊʊ hɔɔlʊʊ taa kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 2013 lɛ ɖɩnaɣ se Edimbourg sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ kɛ 17 ñɩŋʊ kedeŋga kpeekpe taa. Pɩnaɣ 2009 wɛɛ taa Times Higher Education nɛ QS Top sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ heyuu-ɖʊ se Edimbourg sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ kɛ kagbaanzɩ ŋgʊ Erɔpʊ taa nɛ ajɛyɛ kpeekpe kpɛndʊʊ taa kɩkɛ nɛɛlɛ ŋgʊ


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1 1 -Zezu Klisɩɩ dʋkpasɩɩ ŋnɩ nɩ: ɔɔ -Zezu Klisɩ mɩa, ɔ dʋkpasa -wa -Davidɩ, 'ɩn Ablaamʋ mɩa -Davidɩɩ dʋkpasa nya. 2 Ablaamʋ gwalɩa Izakɩ. Izakɩ gwalɩa Zakɔbʋ. Zakɔbʋ gwalɩa Zuda -yɔ ɔ bhelia. 3 Zuda gwalɩa Pelɛsɩ -yɔ Zela, nɩɩ, wa 'nyaa -wa Tamaa. Pelɛsɩ gwalɩa Eslɔmʋ. Eslɔmʋ gwalɩa Alamʋ. 4 Alamʋ gwalɩa Aminadabʋ. Aminadabʋ gwalɩa Naasɔn. Naasɔn gwalɩa Salma. 5 Salma gwalɩa -Boazɩ, nɩɩ, ɔ 'nyaa -wa Wlaabʋ. -Boazɩ gwalɩa Obɛdɩ, nɩɩ, ɔ 'nyaa -wa Wlutɩ. Obɛdɩ gwalɩa -Zesee. 6 -Zesee gwalɩa nyɩmaa 'wlulapɩlɩnyɔ -Davidɩ. -Davidɩ gwalɩa Salomɔɔ, Ulii 'ŋwnɔ nya. 7 Salomɔɔ gwalɩa Wloboamʋ. Wloboamʋ gwalɩa Abia. Abia gwalɩa Aza. 8 Aza gwalɩa Zozafatɩ. Zozafatɩ gwalɩa Zolamʋ. Zolamʋ gwalɩa Oziasɩ. 9 Oziasɩ gwalɩa Yotamʋ. Yotamʋ gwalɩa Akazɩ. Akazɩ gwalɩa Ezekiasɩ. 10 Ezekiasɩ gwalɩa Manasee. Manasee gwalɩa Amɔn. Amɔn gwalɩa -Zoziasɩ. 11 -Zoziasɩ gwalɩa Yekonia -yɔ ɔ bhelia. We bhla wa kpaa Izlaɛlɩnyɩma, 'ɩn wa yia wa Babilɔnʋ kwa. 12 -Mʋʋ 'bɩgʋ, Yekonia gwalɩa Salatiɛlɩ. Salatiɛlɩ gwalɩa Zolobabɛlɩ. 13 Zolobabɛlɩ gwalɩa Abiudʋ. Abiudʋ gwalɩa Ɛliakimʋ. Ɛliakimʋ gwalɩa Azɔɔ. 14 Azɔɔ gwalɩa Sadɔkʋ. Sadɔkʋ gwalɩa Akimʋ. Akimʋ gwalɩa Eliudʋ. 15 Eliudʋ gwalɩa Eleazaa. Eleazaa gwalɩa Matan. Matan gwalɩa Zakɔbʋ. 16 Zakɔbʋ gwalɩa Maliii 'lowli -Zɛzɛfʋ. Nɩɩ, Malii gwalɩa -Zezu wa laa Klisɩ, -mʋʋ ji -wa -Lagɔɔ -Bhasanyɔ. 17 Nɩɩ, we 'ka Ablaamʋ -gʋ 'bhʋ, we 'ka -Davidɩ ylɩ, dʋkpasɩ -zakpa kugbua lɛ -mnʋa -wa. We 'ka -Davidɩ -gʋ 'bhʋ, we 'ka wa kpakpɩe ylɩ, 'ɩn wa 'ka wa Babilɔnʋ kwa, we nyni dʋkpasɩ -zakpa kugbua lɛ -mnʋa. -Mʋʋ 'bɩgʋ, we 'ka wa Babilɔnʋ -kwakwɩe -gʋ 'bhʋ, we 'ka -Zezu Klisɩɩ gwalɩ bhla nyni, we nyni dʋkpasɩ -zakpa kugbua lɛ -mnʋa. 18 Nɩɩ, sanɛɛ wa gwalɩa -Zezu Klisɩ. Nɩɩ, ɔ 'nyaa -wa Malii, mɔ -yɔ -Zɛzɛfʋ 'kaa kʋkwalɩ, wa 'nɩ -slɔ ladɩ dabhlo, 'ɩn ɔ yia nʋkpla pla -Lagɔɔ Zuzu 'Pʋpaa 'tɩtɛ nya. 19 Nɩɩ, -Zɛzɛfʋ mɩa, nyɩmɛ tɩklɩɩ -wa. Ɔ 'nɩ 'yɩbha ɔ 'ka Malii gbʋ dɩlɩ -zejila 'wʋ. We 'dɛɛ 'gbʋ, bhoyi ɔ -yɔ ɔ yi yaa -dɩa zizewiemɩ. 20 Da ɔ dlɩ mɩa we -gʋ, 'ɩn Jejitapɛɛ 'anzɩ yabhlo yia ɔ -gbɛ yi 'ylaa 'wʋ, 'ɩn we nɛɛ: "-Zɛzɛfʋ, -Davidɩɩ 'yuoyu, -ɩn 'na lʋlʋ dlɩ -nɩ, -ɩn 'ka Malii kwa, nɩɩ, 'yu ɔ yia gwalɩa, -Lagɔɔ Zuzu 'Pʋpaa 'tɩtɛ nya ɔ plaa nʋkpla. 21 Nɩɩ, nʋkpasuyu ɔ yia gwalɩa, 'ɩn -ɩn 'ka ɔ 'ŋnɩ zʋ -Zezu, 'ɩn ɔ 'ka ɔ nyɩma gbʋnyuu 'wʋsa." 22 -We Jejitapɛ gbaa ɔ gbʋʋ -falɩpanyɔɔ ŋwɛ nya, we 'ka lɛnʋʋ 'gbʋ, we yi 'saa 'plɩ: 23 "Nɩɩ, 'yieslɔŋwnɔyu -ɔ 'nɩa nʋkpasu -yi, mɔ yia nʋkpasuyu gwalɩa, 'ɩn wa 'ka ɔ 'ŋnɩ zʋ Emanuɛlɩ." -Mʋʋ ji -wa nɩɩ, -Lagɔ -yɔ -a 'sɔ mɩ. 24 Ɔ ganɔa, sa Jejitapɛɛ 'anzɩ gbaa, 'mʋ ɔ nʋa lɛ, 'ɩn ɔ yia Malii ɔ 'dɛɛ -gbɛ bɛlɩ. 25 Ɔ -yɔ ɔ 'nɩ -budu 'wʋdɩ, 'ɩn ɔɔ Malii yia ɔ nʋkpasuyu gwalɩ, 'ɩn -Zɛzɛfʋ yia -mɔɔ 'ŋnɩ zʋ -Zezu.
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Butaŋ
Butaŋ kɛna Azii nɛ hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ ɖɩwɛna kidiiliŋ nakʊyʊ. Pʊʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ-kʊ se imalayaa yɔ, kɩwɛna ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɛ ɖɩ-wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa. Hadɛ kiŋ, wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩoyɛ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ lɛ Ɛndɩ wɛna piyele nɛ hayʊ kiŋ lɛ Siini tɛtʊ ñɛwɛna. Ɖooo wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa kpataa lɛ, Sikim wɛna ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɛ Nepalii pɛ-hɛkʊ taa pɩkazɩ nɛ hadɛ taa lɛ Asam tɛyɩna ɖɩnɛ Paŋgladɛsii.
Pamaza Butaŋ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ ɛzɩ 38 3994 km2 nɛ ɖenɖe lɩm wɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe takɩlɩ ɖɔʊ.
Kɩyɛna fenaɣ litoozo wiye pɩnaɣ 1949 kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩmʊ ɖɩ-tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊ.
Payaɣ Butaŋ ɛjaɖɛ wiyau kɩfalʊ se Jigm Khesa Namgvel nɛ ɛ-tɛ komina yɔɔ cɔnayʊ se Tsheiring Tobgav.
Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, ŋgʊ lɛ Jɔŋga. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Timfu nɛ ndʊ tɩkɩlɩna walanzɩ ɖɔɖɔ.
Pɩnaɣ 2017 taa pakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-taa lɛ pana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 758 288 yɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa yee pakalɩɣ ɛyaa km2 taa kɔyɔ, panaɣ-wɛ ɛzɩ 60 yɔ. Yee ɛyʊ ɛsɔɔlaa se ɛyaa nɔɔyʊ kɛ kaŋgalafu yɔɔ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa kɔyɔ, pɩkɛna-ɩ kɩjɛyʊʊ se ɛma +975 ɛ-tɛ kaŋgalafu kpata yɔɔ pʊcɔ ŋɛ ɛɛma pɩtɛ ɛyʊʊ kaŋgalafu nimaɣ mayaɣ.


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Tɔm hʊʊ kpaŋ (Tribunal)
Tɔm hʊʊ kpaŋ kɛ lone ndɩ ɖɩ-taa pahʊʊ tɔm yɔ. Peeɖe ɛyaa mba pɛwɛna tɔm nɛ ɖama yɔ pahʊʊ nɛ pololi-wɛ. Peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ mba pañaŋ paɣtʊ yɔ pahʊʊna-wɛ. Pɩkɩlɩ lɛ, tɔm hʊʊ kpaŋ tɛkɛ koŋ kewiyaɣ tɛ tʊmɩyɛ. Pɩkɛ tɔm yasʊʊ tɛ kpaŋ tɔm.
Tɔm hʊʊ ɖɔŋ yaa waɖɛ kpaŋ taa lɩʊna ɖɔɖɔ ɛjaɖɛ walɩtʊ tɛ pɩzɩtʊ cɔlɔ. Pɩtɛ alɩwaatʊ taa, pɔyɔɔdʊʊ waɖɛ tɔm keeke. Québécois waɖɛ tɛ lɛ, pɔyɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ tɔm hʊʊ pɩzɩtʊʊ tɛ tɔm nɛ cɛlɩtʊ ɖoŋ tʊmɩyɛ ndɩ ɖɩlakɩ takayasɩ nzɩ kpaŋ sɩma yɔ.
Tɔm piye hʊtʊ waɖɛ keem ɛzɩma kpaŋ wɛ ɖoŋ tɔm ɖɩhʊyɛ yɔ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ kɩ-taa ɛyaa wɛʊ ɖɔŋ pɩlɩnɛ hɔɔlɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ tɛ wɛtʊ nɛ waɖɛ pɩzɩtʊ ndɩ ndɩ yɔ. Ɖɩtɩŋgʊ Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ tɛ wɛtʊ yɔ, ajɛyɛ sakɩyɛ taa tɔm yɔkʊʊ tɛ kpaŋ wɛna lɩmaɣza kpam tɛ kpɛndʊ tɛ hʊtʊ yeke ɖoŋ mbʊ lɛ, kɩfɛyɩna tɔm hʊʊ tɛ waɖɛ. Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa lɛ, kedizaɣ kpaŋ taa lɛ, kɩwɛna tɔm hʊʊ pilim tɛ wɛtʊ.
Kɩwɛna ɖoŋ kpeekpe mbʊ kɩmaɣzʊʊ yɔ pɩ-taa pɩlɩnɛ paɣtʊ cɔlɔ. Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ aŋgbaa kʊtʊʊza wɛna a-maɣmaɣ a-tɛ tɔm hʊʊ kpamɩŋ. Kpamɩŋ ɛ-nʊyɔɔ rabbiniki kpaŋ nɛ charia kpaŋ nɛ kɩɖɩzɩtʊ ŋgbɛɛ samaɣ kpaŋ.


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Moritaanii
Moritaanii kɛna Afrika nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ. Ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩwɛ Afrika ajɛyaa kpeekpe kɩkpɛndɩɣ ŋgbɛyɛ taa nɛ ɖɩwɛ ɖɔɖɔ Afrika malɩŋ kɩkpɛndɩɣ ŋgbɛyɛ taa.
Ɖɩwɛ ajɛya wena anɩɣ nɛ ayɔɔdɩɣ fransɩ kʊnʊŋ yɔ a-taa. Moritaanii wɛ Atilantiki kitiiliŋ yɔɔ kpɛɛɛ nɛ pɩtalɩɣ ɛzɩ kilomɛtanaa 600 yɔ kpaɣna ɖooo hadɛ kiŋ Ndiyaagoo nɛ pɩsɩɩna haʊ kiŋ Nuwatibuu. Kɩzɩna wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa kɛ Alizeerii, SaharaWisiɖɩlɩyɛ nɛ Malii, pɩkazɩ Senegalɩ ñɛna hadɛ kiŋ.
Moritaanii wɛ Afrika nɛ hayʊ kiŋ nɛ Afrika-Subusahara pa-nʊmɔɔyasa taa. Mbʊ yebina peeɖe ɛtiniiwaa ɖɔɔ sakɩyɛ. Afrika taa ɛyaa kɩkpɛdaa wɛɛ, Fɩlandɩnaa, Sonikewaa, Wolɔfʊwaa (mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ patalɩɣ 30), Afrika nɛ hayʊ kiŋ mba mba payaɣ-wɛ se Arabo-Bɛrɩbɛrɩ yɔ (mɩniʊ yɔɔ patalɩɣ ɖɔɖɔ 30) nɛ Haratɩŋwaa.
Moritaanii tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Nuwakɩcɔtɩ.


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Wɛlɛsɩ
Wɛlɛsɩ kɛna Kewiyaɣ kikpɛndaɣ taa ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ ɖɩwɛna Pretaañɩ Sɔsɔʊ tɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa kiŋ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɛ ɖi-hadɛ kiŋ lɛ, Pristɔɔlɩ hɛnga wɛna; wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ nɛ ɖɩ-hayʊ kiŋ lɛ Irilandɩ teŋgu ñɛwɛna piyele nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ Aŋgletɛɛrɩ ɛjaɖɛ wɛna.
Pamaza Wɛlɛsɩ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖi-walanzɩ lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ 20 779 km2. Ɖooo pɩnaɣ 2011 taa pakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ pana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 3 063 456 yɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa yee pakalɩɣ ɛyaa km2 taa kɔyɔ, panaɣ-wɛ ɛzɩ 147 yɔ. Payaɣ Wɛlɛsɩ kewiyaɣ yɔɔ kandɩyʊ kɩfalʊ se Theresa May nɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina ñʊʊdʊ kɩfalʊ payaɣ se Carwyn Jones. Kʊnʊmɩŋ weyi pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-ɩ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, ɩnʊ lɛ Kaalʊwaa nɛ Ɛŋglisi.
Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖi-taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Kardifi nɛ yee ɛyʊ ɛsɔɔlaa se ɛyaa nɔɔyʊ kɛ kaŋgalafu yɔɔ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa kɔyɔ, pɩkɛna-ɩ kɩjɛyʊʊ se ɛma +44 ɛ-tɛ kaŋgalafu kpata yɔɔ pʊcɔ ŋɛ ɛɛma pɩtɛ ɛyʊʊ kaŋgalafu nimaɣ mayaɣ. Pakpzʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ kɩɖaʊ kɛdɛɛka nɛ pɛtɛ lɛ, wendu ndʊ petɛʊ yɔ, ndʊ lɛ se Man-caanaa tɛtʊ kɩpɩndʊ. Pɛtɛŋ-tʊ teu lɛ, pocosuu se Wɛlɛsɩ ɛjaɖɛ wɛ paaɖooye.


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1Ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ Tɑcɑɑ tɔmɑ-m sɩ: Yʋlʋ nyɑ́, tɛlǝsɩ Mesɛkɩ nɑ Tupɑɑlɩ pǝ yǝlɑɑ nyʋɣʋ tʋ sɔsɔ Kɔkɩ sɩ, mɑɑ kʋlɩ nyɑ́ tɔɔ.
2Mɑɑ cɑɑlɩ-ŋ nɑ ń lɩɩ mɑ tɛtʋ tɑɑ kɛ́ ilim ntɔɣɔŋ tɔɔ tǝnɑ. N kɑ polo nɑ ń yoonɑ Ɩsɛɣɛlɩ nyǝ́mɑ pɔ́ɔ́ŋ.
3Mɑɑ yoonɑ-ŋ nɑ nyɑ́ tɔɔʋ pɛlɩ nyɑ́ niŋ mpǝtǝŋ tɑɑ. Nyɑ́ nyǝmɑ́ kɑ lɩɩ nyɑ́ ntɔɣɔŋ tɑɑ nɑ ɑ́ hoti.
4Ɩlɛnɑ pɑ́ kʋ́ nyɑ́ nɑ nyɑ́ yoolɑɑ nɑ nyɑ́ tɑɑpɑlɑɑ sɑmɑɑ kɛ Ɩsɛɣɛlɩ pɔ́ɔ́ŋ tɑɑ. Mɑɑ yele nɑ sumɑsɩ nɑ tɑɑlɛ wontu tɔɣɔ-mɛ.
5Tɑɑlɛ kɛ ɩ́ kɑ́ sɩ, ɩsɩɩ Tɑcɑɑ Ɩsɔ yɔɣɔtʋɣʋ tɔ.
6Tɑcɑɑ sɩ, mɑɑ sɔ kɔkɔ kɛ Mɑkɔkɩ tɛtʋ tɑɑ. Tǝnɑɣɑ yǝlɑɑ cɑɣɑ tǝpɑmm kɛ teŋku nɔɣɔ. Pʋlʋpʋ ɩɩ pɛkǝlǝɣɩ-wɛ. Tǝnɑɣɑ yǝlɑɑ tǝnɑ kɑ́ nyǝnɑ sɩ, mɑɣɑlɛ Tɑcɑɑ Ɩsɔ.
7Mɑɑ hʋ́lɩ́ mɑ hǝtɛ nɑŋŋ wɛɛtʋ kɛ mɑ yǝlɑɑ Ɩsɛɣɛlɩ nyǝ́mɑ. Mɑ kɑɑ yele nɑ pɑ́ tɑsɑ-mɛɣɛ pilisuɣu. Ɩlɛnɑ piitimnɑɑ nyɩ sɩ mɑɣɑlɛ Tɑcɑɑ Ɩsɔ, Ɩsɛɣɛlɩ nyǝ́mɑ nɑŋŋtʋ.
8Yɑɑsinɑɑ mpɛ pɑɑ kɔɔ kɛ́. Hɑlɩ pɑ tɩɩ tɛmɑ cɑɑlʋɣʋ. Kʋyɑkʋ ŋkʋ kʋ tɔm kɛ mɑɑ yɔɣɔtɑɑ. Tɑcɑɑ Ɩsɔ yɔɣɔtǝnɑ mpʋ.
9Ɩsɛɣɛlɩ nyǝ́mɑ kɑ́ lɩɩ pɑ ɑcɑlɛɛ tɑɑ. Pɑɑ lu kɔkɔ nɑ pɑ́ nyɑɣɑsɩ pɑ kolontunɑɑ yoou wontu. Pɑɑ kpɑlǝŋ sɔsɔɔŋ nɑ sǝkpeŋ, nɑ tɔɔŋ nɑ nyǝmɑ́. Nmɑntɑɑsɩ sɔsɔɔnsɩ nɑ sǝkpesi, kɑ́ kpɑɑsǝnɑ kɔkɔ ŋkɛ kɑ́ toŋ kɛ pɩɩsɩ nɑɑtosompɔɣɔlɑɣɑ.
10Ɩ́ kɑɑ tɑsɑ tǝpǝyɑɣɑ cɑɑʋ kɛ tɑɑlɛ. Yɑɑ ɩ́ sɛtɩ-kɛɣɛ hɔtʋɣʋ tɑɑ. Mpi tɔ, yoou wontu kɛ ɩ́ kɑ́ tɑɣɑnǝɣǝnɑ kɔkɔ. Ɩ́ kɑ́ kuu kolontunɑɑ wontu tǝnɑɣɑ. Ɩsɩɩ pɛlɛ pɑɑ kuu mǝ nyǝntʋ tɔ. Tɑcɑɑ Ɩsɔ mɑ́ mɑ yɔɣɔtǝnɑ mpʋ.
11Mpʋɣʋlɛ Tɑcɑɑ sɩ: Kʋyɑkʋ ŋkʋɣʋ mɑɑ hɑ́ Kɔkɩ kɛ tɛtʋ kɛ Ɩsɛɣɛlɩ tɑɑ nɑ pɑ́ pimi-ɩ. Tɛtʋ ntɩ tɩɩ wɛɛ tɔntɑɑ tɛtɛkǝlɛ tɑɑ kɛ teŋku kʋsǝpʋ ilim tǝlɩɩlɛ tɔɔ. Hɑlɩ pǝlɑɑʋ ŋkʋ kɩɩ tǝkɩ mpɑtɔntɑɑ mpɑɑʋ. Tǝnɑɣɑ pɑɑ pi Kɔkɩ nɑ ɩ yoolɑɑ sɑmɑɑ. Ɩlɛnɑ pɑ́ hɑ lonte ntɛɣɛ hǝtɛ sɩ, Kɔkɩ nɑ ɩ sɑmɑɑ pɑ tɛtɛkǝlɛ.
12Ɩsɔtʋnɑɑ nɑɑtosompɔɣɔlɑɣɑ tǝcu kɛ Ɩsɛɣɛlɩ nyǝ́mɑ kɑ́ pi Kɔkɩ-wɛ. Ɩlɛnɑ pǝ́ nyɑɑlɩ tɛtʋ ɑsilimɑ.
13Hɔɣɔlʋɣʋ ŋkʋ kʋ yǝlɑɑ tǝnɑ kɑ́ lɑnɑ pǝ tǝmlɛ ntɛ́. Kʋyɑkʋ ŋkʋɣʋ mɑɑ hʋ́lɩ́ mɑ tǝɣɩ mǝ hɛkʋ nɑ teeli, nɑ mǝ nyʋɣʋ kʋlɩ. Tɑcɑɑ Ɩsɔ mɑ́ mɑ yɔɣɔtǝnɑ mpʋ.
14Pɑɑ lǝsɩ yǝlɑɑ nɑ pɑ́ cɔɔ tɛtʋ kɛ ɩsɔtʋnɑɑ nɑɑtosompɔɣɔlɑɣɑ tǝcu, hɛɛsʋɣʋ fɛɩ. Pɑɑ pɛɛkɩ sǝtɑɑ tǝnɑ, nɑ pɑ́ pi-wɛ nɑ pǝ́ nyɑɑlɩ tɛtʋ ɑsilimɑ.
15Pɑɑ cɔɔ tɛtʋ tǝnɑɣɑ tǝpɑɩpɑɩ. Ye pɑ nɑwɑ yʋlʋ kɛ timpi, ɩlɛ pɑ kɑɑ kɑŋmɑɑɣɑ kɛ ɩ tɔɔ. Pintɑɑ kɑ́ tǝŋǝɣɩ nɑ pɑ́ kuuki. Ɩlɛnɑ pɑ́ pukinɑ Kɔkɩ nɑ ɩ sɑmɑɑ pɑ tɛtɛkǝlɛ tɑɑ, nɑ pɑ́ piŋ.
16Hɑlɩ pɑɑ yɑɑ ɩcɑtɛ nɑtǝlɩ sɩ Hɑmonɑ. Sɑmɑɑ kɛ pɑ yɑɑ mpʋ nɑ pɑ tɛ́ tɑɑ. Pǝlɛ pǝ wɑɑlɩ kɛ́ pɩɩ nyɑɑlɩ tɛtʋ ɑsilimɑ.
17Ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ Tɑcɑɑ Ɩsɔ tɔmɑ-m sɩ: Yʋlʋ nyɑ́, yɑɑ sumɑsɩ nɑ tɑɑlɛ wontu nɑ ń tɛlǝsɩ-tɩ. Tǝ́ lɩɩ pɑɑ timpi, nɑ tǝ́ kɔɔ ɑcimɑ wenɑ mɑ lɑkɩ-tɩ tɔ. Pǝ kɛ́ kɔtɑɣɑ sɔsɔɔŋkɑ kɛ pɔ́ɔ́ŋ tɑɑ kɛ́. Tɩɩ tɔɣɔ nɑntʋ nɑ tǝ́ nyɔɔ cɑlǝm.
18Tɩɩ tɔɣɔ ɑkɑnɑɑ nɑntʋ. Tɩɩ nyɔɔ ɑtɛ nyʋɣʋ nyǝ́mɑ cɑlǝm. Nyʋɣʋ nyǝ́mɑ mpɛɣɛ pɑ lɑpǝnɑ kɔtɑɣɑ kɛ ɩwɑɑŋ, nɑ ɩwɛɛsɩ, nɑ pǝŋtʋlʋŋ, nɑ Pɑsɑŋ tɛtʋ nɑɑŋ kʋfɑŋ nim nyǝŋ lonte tɑɑ.
19Wontu kɑ tɔɣɔ nɑntʋ nim nɑ tǝ́ hɑɣɑ. Tɩɩ nyɔɔ cɑlǝm nɑ pǝ́ kʋ-tǝɣɩ sʋlʋm nyǝm. Kɔtɑɣɑ ŋkɑ mɑ lɑkɩ-mɛ tɔ kɑ wule kɛ pɩɩ lɑ mpʋ.
20Wontu ntɩ tɩɩ tɔɣɔ kpɑɣɑnǝŋ nɑ ɩ cɑɣɑlɑɑ, nɑ ɑkɑnɑɑ nɑ yoolɑɑ nɑntʋ nɑ tǝ́ hɑɣɑ. Tɑcɑɑ Ɩsɔ mɑ́ mɑ yɔɣɔtǝnɑ mpʋ.
21Mɑɑ hʋ́lɩ́ mɑ toŋ kɛ piitimnɑɑ tɑɑ. Pɑɑ nɑ́ ɩsǝnɑ mɑ hʋʋkɩ mɑ hʋʋlɛ, nɑ ɩsǝnɑ mɑ hɔŋ pɑ ŋkpɑŋŋ tɔ.
22Pǝ kpɑɣɑʋ nɔɔnɔɔ tɔ, Ɩsɛɣɛlɩ nyǝ́mɑ kɑ́ cɛkǝnɑ sɩ, mɑɣɑlɛ mǝ Ɩsɔ Tɑcɑɑ, hɑlǝnɑ tɑm tɔɔ.
23Piitimnɑɑ kɑ́ cɛkǝnɑ sɩ, Ɩsɛɣɛlɩ nyǝ́mɑ mɛ mǝ ɩsɑɣɑtʋ tɔɔ kɛ́ pǝ kuu-mɛ. Ɩ́ tɑ tɔkɩ Ɩsɔ Tɔm kɛ teu, ɩlɛnɑ ɩ́ hɑ-mɛɣɛ siɣile. Ɩ tʋ-mɛɣɛ mǝ kolontunɑɑ niŋ tɑɑ, nɑ pɛlɛ pɑ́ kʋ-mɛ.
24Mɑ hɑ-mɛɣɛ siɣile kɛ́. Mɑ lɑpɑ-mɛ ɩsɩɩ mǝ ɑsilimɑ nɑ mǝ kɑwɑlɑɣɑ wɛɛ tɔ.
25Ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ Tɑcɑɑ Ɩsɔ yɔɣɔtɑɑ sɩ: Mɑ wɛnɑ mɑ hǝtɛ ɩsɛsɛɛmlɛ kɛ́. Mɑɑ wɛɛnɑ Ɩsɛɣɛlɩ nyǝ́mɑ tǝnɑ pǝtɔɔtǝlɛ. Mɑɑ kɔnɑ Yɑkɔpʋ yǝlɑɑ mpɑ kolontunɑɑ kɑ kuuwɑ tɔ.
26Wɑɑtʋ wei ɩ́ kɑ́ cɑɣɑ mǝ tɛtʋ tɑɑ, nɑ ɩɩ nyɑnnɑ pʋlʋ tɔ. Pǝyele nɔɣɔlʋ kɑɑ wɑkǝlɩ mǝ lɑŋɑ. Ɩlɛnɑ ɩ́ sɔɔ mǝ fɛɛlɛ tɔɔ. Nɑ ɩsǝnɑ ɩ́ tɑɑ tɔkɩ mɑ tɔm kɛ teu tɔ pǝ tɔɔ.
27Mɑɑ lǝsɩ-mɛɣɛ piitimnɑɑ tɑɑ. Mɑɑ cɔɔ mǝ kolontunɑɑ ɑcɑlɛɛ, nɑ mɑ́ kpeɣeli-mɛ. Wɑɑtʋ ɩnǝɣɩ ɩ́ kɑ́ nyǝnɩ-m Ɩsɔ nɑŋŋtʋ kɛ piitimnɑɑ pɑɣɑlɛ ɩsɛntɑɑ.
28Ɩlɛ ɩ́ kɑ́ nyɩ sɩ mɑɣɑlɛ mǝ Ɩsɔ Tɑcɑɑ. Mɑ́ lɑpǝnɑ nɑ pɑ́ kuu-mɛ nɑ pɑ́ tɛɛnɑ. Mɑɑ kpeɣelinɑ-mɛɣɛ mǝ tɛtʋ tɑɑ. Mɑ kɑɑ yele mǝ tɑɑ nɔɣɔlʋɣʋ tǝnɑ.
29Mɑ kɑɑ tɑsɑ-mɛɣɛ siɣile hɑʋ. Amɑ mɑɑ tʋ́ Ɩsɛɣɛlɩ nyǝ́mɑ tɑɑ kɛ́ mɑ feesuɣu kɛ́. Tɑcɑɑ Ɩsɔ mɑ́ mɑ yɔɣɔtǝnɑ mpʋ.


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Puwaroo
Puwaroo kɛna tɩŋ tɔɔnaɣ ŋga pahayʊ-kɛ pɩ-tɛɛ lila yɔɔ yɔ yaa ka-hatʊ yɔɔ yɔ. Puwaroo tɛɛ lila ana awɛ kpatalaa kpatalaa. Papɩzɩɣ pɔtɔɔ puwaroo nɛ lɛŋ yaa pehilina ɖozi. Puwaroo kʊnɛ kɩlɩʊ sɔzɩŋ kamaɣfɛyɩ kɛ ɖozi taa.
Tɔɔnasɩ nzɩ papɩzʊ pesidi puwarootaa nɛ pɩwɛɛ camɩyɛ yɔ sɩɖɔɔ nɛ sɩ-taa kɔyɔ: tɩmaatɩ, hɛɛ, awiihɛɛ, akaŋgaa, karɔtɩ, kela nɛ pesidina num mbʊ ɛyʊ sɔɔlaa yɔ. Pʊtɔbʊʊ se paa tɔɔnaɣ ŋga papɩzɩɣ pɛsidi kaabʊʊ ka-taa nɛ pɩwɛɛ camɩyɛ. Puwaroo tɔnʊʊ tɩna ɖama yɔɔ ɛzɩ takayasɩ hatʊ tɩnʊʊ ɖama yɔɔ yɔ.
Puwaroo wɛna tomnasi ndɩ ndɩ: ñʊʊtaa pʊtʊlʊ lɛ pɩkɛ kʊhʊlʊmɩm nɛ kɩ-hatʊ ñɛwɛ ɛzɩ tɩŋ hɛtʊ tomnaɣ yɔ nɛ hatʊ ndʊ tɩtɩna ɖama yɔɔ piyele pɩtɛɛ lɛ pɩkɛ kʊhʊlʊmɩm kpalʊlʊ.
Keteŋa kpeekpe taa pɩnaɣ 2014 taa puwaroonaa mba pahayaa yɔ patalɩʊ tɔɔnɩnaa ɛzɩ miliyɔɔnaa 2 236 771. Ɛlɛ pɩnaɣ ŋga ka-taa lɛ, keteŋga kpeekpe taa lɛ Ɛndonezii ɛjaɖɛ taa kɛ pakɩlɩɣ puwaroo hayʊ nɛ pɩtɩŋ Turkii ɛjaɖɛ nɛ naatozo ñɩnɖɛ yɔ Pɛlziiki. Pɩnaɣ 2014 taa Ɛndonezii hayɩ puwaroo ɛzɩ tɔɔnɩnaa 520 000 yɔ nɛ Turkii ñatalɩ ɛzɩ tɔɔnɩnaa 223 000 yɔ piyele nɛ Pɛlziki lɛ tɔɔnɩnaa 190 000 yɔɔ.


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Mandarɛɛ kʊnʊŋ
Mandarɛɛ kɩtɩzɩnaʊ Siini kɛlɛʊ, sɔnzɩ tɛ Sinii, matʊ taa lɛ, kɩ-kɛ ɖama tɛ kʊnʊŋ yaa Han waa tɛ kʊnʊŋ. Mandarɛɛ kʊnʊŋ kɛ Sinii ɛjaɖɛ tɛ kewiyaɣ kʊnʊŋ, Tayɩwanɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ Sɛŋgapuuri ɛjaɖɛ taa. Pʊyɔɔ lɛ, kɩ-wɛna yɔɔdaɣ tɛ paɣtʊ nɛ tɔm cɔɔlʊʊ tɛ paɣtʊ. Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ- kʊ pɩtɛ lɛ, pawɩlɩʊ-kʊ sukuuli na taa.
Paapɩzɩɣ pesidi-kʊ nɛ Mandarɛɛ ŋgʊ kɩ-maɣmɑɣ, wade : ganhua kewiyaɣ tɛ kʊnʊŋ. Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ-kʊ nɛ Hayi kɩŋ nɛ hɛkʊ taa nɛ Hadɛ Wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa Sinii kedeŋga taa.
Sɩnuwa Mandarɛɛ ŋgʊ payaɣ tam se Sɩnuwa yɔ kɛ kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ kpeekpe taa yɔ pɩlɩna Sinii samaɣ tɛ ɖɔʊ cɔlɔ nɛ Sinii tɛ ɛyaa mɩzɩ ajɛyɛ lɛɛna taa nɛ tadɩyɛ labʊ nɛ Sinii ɛjaɖɛ nɛ kɩ-tɛ kpaka huu nɛ Sinii ɛsakuliye hɔɔlʊʊ taa.
Ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, yee pa sɔnɔ pawɩlɩɣ Mandarɛɛ kʊnʊŋ Sɩnuwa tɩŋga yɔ, Sɩnuwa waa akpadɩyaa ɛyɔɔdʊʊ Mandarɛɛ kʊnʊŋ pa-tɩŋnɛ. Ɛlɛ, Mandarɛɛ tɛ yɔɔdɔɔsɩ yaa Sɩnuwa waa tɛ kʊnʊmɩŋ ɛzɩ Kantɔnɛ yaa Shanghaien (Han waa tɛ kʊnʊŋ) yaa kʊnʊmɩŋ agbela lɛɛna ɛzɩ weyi pɔyɔɔdɩ-ɩ ɛyaa tɩmɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ taa Sinii, Tibétain nɛ Mongol nɛ Mandchou nɛ Tadjik nɛ Ouigour…
Mandarɛɛ, Sinii samaɣ ɛjaɖɛ tɛ kpɛndɛ ŋgbɛ ñʊntɩna tɔŋ se kɩ-kɛ ɖama hɛkʊʊ taa kʊnʊŋ pɛ-tɛ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Pʊyɔɔ yɔ payaɣ-kʊ se samaɣ kʊnʊŋ, kɩ-kɛ kajalaɣ Sinii ɛjaɖɛ nɛ Hayi nɛ kewiyaɣ tɛ kʊnʊŋ.
Paa kɩwɛna ɖɔɖɔ ɖooo canaʊ tɔm kɩmamatʊ yɔ, kɩ-talɩna Sɩnuwa cɔlɩɩ ŋgʊ cɔlɔ, matʊ nɛ lʊbʊtʊ. Kʊnɛ nɩyɔ peyeba-kʊ pɩnaɣ 1919 Guomindang kewiyaɣ nɛ Sinii ɛjaɖɛ alɩwaatʊ taa. Pʊwayi pɛtɛm-kʊ labɩnaʊ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ ɛzɩ kewiyaɣ takayaasɩ taa kʊnʊŋ nɛ kʊnʊŋ kɩmamaʊ pɩnzɩ kudokiŋ nɩɩlɛ nɛ pʊyɔɔ mbʊ lɛ, kɩpɩsɩ ɛjaɖɛ tɛ kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ-kʊ kɛlɛʊ ɛzɩ Mandarɛɛ tɩŋgʊ mbʊ yɔ.


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Satirini
Satirini kɛna wɩsɩ cɔɔʊ taŋgalam tɩyɩŋga looɖo ŋga wɩsɩ posinau taa nɛ tɩyɩŋga ŋga yɔ naalɛ ŋga palɩka nɛ yʊŋ hɩlɩmaɣ nɛ paɣlɩka taa ɖɔɖɔ.
Tɩyɩŋga kanɛ kɛ-ɛsɩnda kɔyɔ wɩsɩ cɔɔʊ taŋgalam tɩyɩŋga ŋga payaɣ se Siipitɛɛrɩ yɔ. Wɩsɩ cɔɔʊ taŋgalam tɩyɩŋga Satirini kanɛ paanaɣ-kɛ nɛ ɛsɛ anɛ cɩkpɛndɩɣ taa ɖooo tataa cɩnɛ ɛzɩ lɛɛsɩ yɔ ɛlɛñɩnɩyaa nakɛ ɖooo ɖeɖe tɔm kpɛlɛkɩtʊ kɔŋ.
Wɩsɩ cɔɔʊ taŋgalam tɩyɩŋga kanɛ, roma mba sɔdɩŋ tɔm kpɛlɛkɩtʊ taa lɛ payaɣ-kɛ se tiitani Kronosi nɛ pɩlɩna Krɛɛkɩ mba mʊya tɔm taa hɩla wena pɛcɛlaɣ mbʊ pɩpaɣlaɣ sɩŋŋŋ yɔ.
Satirini tɩyɩŋga kanɛ kapaɣla sɩŋŋŋ ɛzɩ Siipitɛɛrɩ, Iirannisi nɛ Nɛptiini. Satirini tɩyɩŋga taa wɛ heɣlimaɣ nikaɣ ŋga ɛzɩ Siipitɛɛrɩ yɔ. Tɩyɩŋga kanɛ kɛ-hɛkʊ taa fawʊ cɩŋga kɩla wɩsɩ cɔɔʊ taŋgalam tɩyɩŋga Tɛtʋ ɛzɩ nakʊ nɛ hɔɔlɩɣ yɔ nɛ tɩɩŋga ŋga ka-taa nɛ iidirozɛnɩ nɛ eliyom.
Satirini kɩla Tɛtʊ tɩyɩŋga yʊŋ hɩlɩmaɣ ɛzɩ tam 95 yɔ nɛ paɣlɩka taa lɛ pɩtalɩɣ ɛzɩ tam 900 yɔ. Tɩɩŋga kanɛ kɛwɛna tɩyɩnzɩ kɩmalasɩ sakɩyɛ nɛ sɩ-taa lɛ papɩzaa pana 53. Sɩ-taa sɔsɔɔ kɛ payaɣ se Tiitanɩ.
Heɣlim mbʊ pɩwɛ tɩyɩŋga kanɛ ka-taa yɔ pɩɖɛʊ taa pisɩɣ pɩtalɩ ɛzɩ kilomɛtanaa 1 800 kɛ ñɩɣyʊ kʊɖʊmʊ yɔɔ; pʊtɔbʊʊ se pɩkɩlɩ kpekpeka kɛ Siipitɛɛrɩ ñɩmbʊ ɛlɛ pɩɩtalɩɣ kpidisiɣ kɛ heɣlim mbʊi pʊbʊ wɛ Nɛptiini taa yɔ.


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James Watt
James Watt kɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ size Ekɔsɩ yɔ, ɖɩ-ɛjaɖɛ taa tʋ. Ɛkɛ abalʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ Ekɔsɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa peeɖe. Palʋla-ɩ kɔlaɣ fenaɣ taa evemiye hiu (19) nɛ nakʋ n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye. Egeetiye nɖɩ ɖɩ-tɛtʋ taa palʋla-ɩ yɔɔ payaɣ size Greenock tɛtʋ Ekɔsɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa.
Ɛsɩba kɩyɛɛna fenaɣ taa evemiye nɛɛlɛ nɛ kagbanzɩ (25) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye pɩnaɣ 1819 n̄ɩŋga taa. Egeetiye ndɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ size Heathfield Hall yɔ ɖɩ-taa ɛsɩba, ɖajaa Ekɔsɩ abalʋ ɛnɛ, ɛkɛ pana n̄aɣyʋʋ ɛzɩ pɔtɔŋgʋ size tamaɣ lɩzɩyʋʋ yɔ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ siŋŋ Ekɔsɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa peeɖe. Ekɔsɩ tʋ ɛnɛ, ɛcɛyɩna ɛ-tɩ nɛ ɛtasɩ n̄ɔzʋʋ camɩyɛ anasaayɩ n̄ɩɣyʋ ŋgʋ kɩlakɩ tʋmɩyɛ nɛ fefeku yɔ.
Ɖajaa sɔsɔ James ɛnɛ, ɖajaa naa panɛ : Joseph Black, nɛ John Roebuck pa-tʋma ɖɔɖɔ sɩnana-ɩ nɛ ɛpɩzɩ elu camɩyɛ anasaayɩ n̄ɩɣyʋ ŋgʋ kɩlakɩ tʋmɩyɛ nɛ fefeku yɔ
Ɛlaba nɛ tʋma ndɩ ndɩ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ size Lunar Society yɔ, ɖɩwɛ ɖoŋ nɛ patɩlɩ ɖɩ-tʋmaa poliŋ taa. Ɖajaa Birmingham tɩnɛ ŋgbɛ nɖɩ. Ɖajaa James Watt caa kaakɛ lɔbʋyʋʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ. Lɔbʋtʋ tʋmɩyɛ ɛ-caa kaakpɛlɛka.


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Anɩza kʊdɔŋ
Anɩza kʊdɔŋ kɛ kʊdɔŋ kɩɖɛɖɛʊ ɛyʊ lotu taa. Kudɔŋ ŋgʊ kʊdɔm wɛ kiɖi kiɖi yaa pɩwɛ ɖoŋ. Kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ pasɩma-kʊ nɛ mbʊ yɔ se pɩlakɩŋ pɩndʊ nɩɣʊ ɖoŋ ɖoŋ nɛ pɩwɛ kahʊyaa tɩyɛ nɛ pɩkpɛndɩna calɩm nɛ mʊʊna nɛ pɩwɩɣ ɛyʊ lotu kpɩŋ kpɩŋ. Ɛbɛ cɔlɔ kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ kɩlɩna, nabʊyʊ taa ɛyʊ ɛtɔɔ tɔɔnaɣ nakɛyɛ nɛ ka-taa ɛwɛ pɩyʊʊ mbʊ ɛyʊ loyuu tɔsɔɔlɩ kɔyɔ pɔkɔŋna kʊɖɔŋ ŋgʊ ɛ-tɔɔnʊ taa.
Keeke taa lɛ, anɩza kʊdɔŋ wɛ tindime naalɛ. Kajalaɣ lɛ, ŋñɩɩ cɛkaɣ anɩza kʊdɔŋ. Tɔbʊʊ se ŋñɩɩ cɩkaɣ tɩna kɩ-tɛ paɣzɩɣ. Naalɛ ŋgʊ lɛ, lɩm taa kɩɖalʊʊ kɩlɛzɩyʊ ɛlɛ ɖɩpɩzɩɣ ɖɩyaa se amibi. Ɛlɛ tɩna kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ kɩ-tɛ paɣzɩɣ ɛyʊ tomnaɣ taa.
Pɩwɛ kaɖɛ se ɛyʊ ɛtɩlɩ kʊdɔmɩŋ ɖoŋ ɖoŋ ñɩŋ weyi paayɔda ɛ-dɔm yɔ canaʊ taa se ɛkɛ ɖeɖe nɛ sɔnɔ taa kʊdɔmɩŋ. Ɛlɛ yɔɔdasɩ sakɩyɛ taa kajalaɣ yɔɔdaɣ nakɛyɛ tɔŋ se anɩza kʊdɔmɩŋ sɔsɔŋ kaakɛ weyi Tour tɛ Grégoire kaayɔɔda ɛ-tɔm yɔ. Ɛ-nʊ yebina nɛ patɩlɩ se kʊdɔŋ kɩɖɛʊ siŋ kpaɣɖʊ 6 alɩwaatʊ taa nɛ ɛ-cɔlɔ lɛ kɩkpa wiyaʊ Chipéric Kajalaɣ tʊ nɛ ɛ-pɩyalaa naalɛ. Tɩnʊʊ nɛ kajalaɣ pɩɣa Chlodebert. Piyaa mba pa-naalɛ pasɩna-kʊ nɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ Gaule tɛ piyaa yɔ.
Paayɔɔda anɩza naayɛ tɔm Ɛsɔ tɔm takayaɣ taa se Paul kiɖeɖeʊ wazaɣ nɛ hama lakasɩ kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ kɛ ɛ-caa nɔyʊ tɛ ɖɩɣa taa. Ɖɩnaɣ tɔm ndʊ apostolo waa tʊma labʊ takayaɣ ñʊŋ 28 nɛ cɛcɛsɩ 8 taa. Cɛcɛ ɛ-nʊ ɛɛhɩna nɛ niikaɣ sɔsɔ nakɛyɛ sʊ-ɩ nɛ pɩtamna anɩza. Paul sʊ ɛ-ɖɩɣa taa nɛ ɛla atɩma, ɛkpazɩ e-nesi ɛ-yɔɔ nɛ ɛwayɩ-ɩ ɛ-kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ.
Anɩza wena alɩna ŋñɩɩ cɩkaɣ cɔlɔ yɔ kɩpɩzɩɣ kɩwa paa podowona ɛyʊ ɖɔkɔtɔ taa kɔyɔ. Pɩtɛ wazaɣ ŋga kɩlɩna ɖeu mbʊ pʊyɔ yɔ kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ kɩtakɩlɩ ɖoŋ ɛlɛ kɩɖɛʊ ɛyaa kpem. Kɩ-tɛ lɩɣna ɖama wondu tukunaʊ cɔlɔ ɛzɩ wondu suu nɛ nɔnɔsɩ ɖɩtʊlɩyɛ ɖɩɖɔkɩyɛ taa nɛ lɩm naa ɖɩsɔyɛ taa. Ɖɔkɔtɔ tɛ kɔɔ pɩzɩɣ pɩwɛna wazaɣ piŋ ɖɔɖɔ.
Pɩpɩzɩɣ pɩkɛ kɩjɛʊ se pasɩ kʊdɔŋ tʊ kɛ ɖɔkɔtɔ kuduyuu taa kɛ ɖɔkɔtɔ naa cɔlɔ. Lɩm taa kɩɖalʊʊ kɩlɛzɩyʊ weyi ɖɩyaɣ-ɩ se amibi yɔ ɛlɛ anɩza kʊdɔŋ tɩŋgɩna lɩm mbʊ ɛwɛ pɩ-taa yɔ nɛ ɛkpa ɛyʊ. Kɔzɩ kɔzɩ nɔmɔŋ woɖaa.


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Tɛtʋ
Mbʋ pʋwɛ ɛsɔmɩnʋʋ tɛɛ payɩ nɛ pʋcɔɔ Wɩsɩ nɛ pɩta yɔ, Tɛtʋ kɛna pʋyʋ naadozo tʋ weyi ɛmaɣzɩ Wɩsɩ nzɩɩ n̄ɔtɩnaʋ yɔ. Paɣlaka nɛ huŋ pɔ-hɔɔlʋʋ taa lɛ, Tɛtʋ kɛ wonuu naanza n̄ɩŋʋ ŋgʋ kɩkɩlɩ paɣlʋʋ nɛ yuŋ yɔ. Lona sɔsɔna payɩ wena awɛ ɛsɔmɩnʋʋ tɛɛ nɛ acɔɔ Wɩsɩ nɛ ata yɔ, a-taa lɛ, Tɛtʋ kɩlɩna paɣlʋʋ. Tɩ-wayɩ lɛ, ɖɩnaɣ lona wena payaɣ se, "Mercure" nɛ "Vénus" nɛ "Mars" yɔ. Lona ana a-tɩŋa payɩ a-taa lɛ, Tɛtʋ yɔɔ ɖeke ɛyʋ pɩzɩɣ ɛcaɣ wezuu.
Tɛtʋ wɛʋ yɔ, pɩlaba ɛzɩ pɩnzɩ agbaba agbaba 4,54 yɔ . Nɛ pʋwayɩ lɛ, pɩlakaɣ ɛzɩ pɩnzɩ agbaba kʋɖʋm lɛ, wezuu wɛɛ Tɛtʋ yɔɔ. Ɛyaa nɛ wondu ndɩ ndɩ ɛgbɔŋ ɛgbɔŋ pacaɣ wezuu Tɛtʋ yɔɔ. Lona wena ɛyaa caɣ a-taa yɔ, ayeba nɛ mbʋ pʋcɔ ɛsɔmɩnʋʋ nɛ pɩta yɔ, pɩlɛɣzɩ kpem. Nɛ wɛtʋ lɛɛtʋ ndʋ tiiyeki se pʋyʋ ɛpɩzɩ ɛcaɣ wezuu nɛ tiyeki nɛ mbʋ pʋn̄ɔʋ heelim yɔ, pʋtɔyʋʋ nɛ mbʋ puhuzuu ɛsɔmɩnʋʋ yɔɔ yɔ pʋwɛɣ. Pɩ nɛ pʋyʋ sɔsɔm mbʋ pɩkandɩɣ Tɛtʋ yɔɔ yɔ, pʋn̄ɔʋna Wɩsɩ mʋntʋsʋʋ nakʋyʋ nɛ piyeki se nabʋyʋ ɛpɩzɩ pɩcaɣ wezuu Tɛtʋ yɔɔ. Mbʋ pʋwɛ Tɛtʋ yɔɔ yɔ nɛ pasɩma-tʋ sɩm mbʋ yɔ nɛ pama-tʋ maʋ mbʋ yɔ piyebina nɛ nabʋyʋ pɩzɩ pɩcaɣ wezuu alɩwaatʋ ńdʋ tɩ-taa. Nɛ pɩɩwɛɛ se Tɛtʋ ɛpɩzɩ tɩɖɔkɩ wezuu ɖɔɖɔ nɛ pɩkɔɔ pɩcɛzɩ pɩnzɩ ɛgbɔŋ 500 yɔɔ́.
Pɛtɛyɩ Tɛtʋ hɔɔlɩŋ sakɩyɛ. Hɔɔlɩŋ ɛnʋ ɛ-tɩŋa ɛwɛ ɖoŋ cɩŋcɩŋ. Payaɣ hɔɔlɩŋ ɛnʋ se plaques tectoniques waa. Hɔɔlɩŋ ɛnʋ ɛkpakɩɣ pɩnzɩ ɛgbɔŋ ɛgbɔŋ nɛ ɛcɔʋ. Teŋunaa huuzi Tɛtʋ hɔɔlʋʋ ɛzɩ 71% mbʋ yɔ. Teŋunaa ḿba, pa-lɩm taa wɛ ɖɔm. Ḿba kpɛndɩna kpɛm nɛ payaɣ se hydrosphère. Lɩŋkamɩŋ lɛɛŋ n̄ɛwɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ, ɛzɩ lacs waa yaa nappes phréatiques waa yɔ. Ɖɔmpe sɔsɔna huuzi Tɛtʋ hɔɔlʋʋ sɔsɔʋ yɔɔ. Payaɣ-yɛ se, inlandsis de l'Antarctique waa yaa de banquises waa. Nabʋyʋ ɛzɩ pɩsaʋ sɔsɔʋ tɩyɛ yɔ, n̄ohuuzi Tɛtʋ hɛkʋ taa. Pɛ sɔsɔna nɛ cikpena nɛ nabʋyʋ ɛzɩ ansaayɩ kpaakpɛyɛ taa piye yɔ, ɛlɛ puyolaa nɛ lɛɛbʋ ɛzɩ ansaayɩ kpaakpɛyɛ taa piye ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, ɛlɛ, pʋbʋ n̄ɛwɛ ɖoŋ ɛzɩ n̄ɩɣyʋʋ yɔ, pɩtɩŋɛ mbʋ yɔ pɩkpɛndɩna nɛ pʋwɛɛ pɩsaʋ tɩyɛ nɛ puhuuzi Tɛtʋ yɔɔ.
Tɛtʋ nɛ Wɩsɩ nɛ Fenaɣ pɛkpɛndɩɣ nɛ peciidiɣ. Kɩyakɩŋ 365,26 yaa pɩnaɣ kɛ Tɛtʋ cɔʋna Wɩsɩ. Pɩlɩɣna mbʋ payaɣ se, plan de l'écliptique pikpili kpiluu mbʋ pʋ-cɔlɔ nɛ Tɛtʋ cɔʋ nɛ tɩwɛlɩ tɩ-tɩ ɛzɩ 23,44°6 yɔ. Mbʋ yekina nɛ yolim alɩwaatʋ wɛɛ nɛ lʋŋʋyɛ n̄ɩndʋ n̄ɛwɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ. Fenaɣ ɖeke pasɩma se, kɔcɔʋ Tɛtʋ. Pɩnzɩ ɛgbaŋ 4,5 yɔ, kapaɣzʋʋ cɔʋ Tɛtʋ yɔ. Mbʋ yekina nɛ lɩm hola kpaɣ nɛ atiki nɛ Tɛtʋ cɔʋ cɔʋ mbʋ yɔ, pʋwɛɛ ḿbʋ nɛ tɩwɛɛ ti-ɖeɖe ɖiɣɖiɣ. Pɩlaba ɛzɩ pɩnzɩ ɛgbaŋ 3,8 yɔ, pɩɩn̄amsɩ Tɛtʋ n̄amsʋʋ nabʋyʋ nɛ halɩ pɩlɛɣzɩ tɩ-wɛtʋ.
Mbʋ pʋwɛ ɛsɔmɩnʋʋ tɛɛ nɛ pʋcɔɔ Wɩsɩ nɛ pɩta yɔ, pɩ-taa payɩ lɛ, Tɛtʋ yɔɔ ɖeke tɛtɛ kpɩna nɛ ɛyaa papɩzɩɣ pacaɣ wezuu. Ɛyʋ tɩŋna ɛ-sɔnzɩ ndɩ ndɩ yɔɔ nɛ ɛlɩzɩ ɛsɔnaa nɛ eluŋuu pɛ-tɛɛ. Etisaa se, Tɛtʋ walaa nɛ tɩwɛɛ kedeŋa hɛkʋ taa. Se, Tɛtʋ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɛ pʋwɛɛ se, pɔcɔna ɖɩ-n̄ɩm ɛzɩ pʋmʋnaʋ yɔ.
Lɛɣtʋ piliŋa ŋga kan̄ɩnɩɣ nɛ kanaɣ mbʋ pʋwɛ Tɛtʋ yɔɔ yɔ, payaɣ-kɛ se, géologie. Lɛɣtʋ piliŋa ŋga kan̄ɩnɩɣ ɛzɩma mbʋ wezuu wɛɛ yɔ nɛ ɛzɩma mbʋ ɛyaa hukuu yɔ, ŋ́ga sɩŋnana lɛɣtʋ piliŋa ŋga payaɣ se, géologie ka-n̄ɩnʋʋ nʋmɔʋ taa.


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Masɩ kpeekpe pɩlɩtʊ (alphabet)
Masɩ kpeekpe pɩlɩtʋ (alphabet) kɛ sakɩyɛ yaɣ ɖɔɖɔ size masɩ kpeekpee cɛŋga yaa pɩlʋʋ. Masɩ kpeekpe pɩlɩtʋ kɛna masɩ yaa kumola kpɛm n̄ɩna wena a-tʋmɩyɛ kɛlɛ kɛlɛʋ size amaazɩ wɩlʋʋ pazɩ yaa camɩyɛ kam nɛ patɩlɩ nɔɔ salaɣ kʋnʋŋ yaa kʋnʋŋ nakʋyʋ n̄ɩnʋ wiluu. Nɔɔ salaɣ yaa pɩyʋ wiluu tʋmɩyɛ nɖɩ, nɖɩɩ payaɣna fransɩ kʋnʋŋ taa size "phonèmes d' une langue".
Paa kumoɖe yaa mayaɣ nga lɛ, yaa ɛzɩ payaʋ nɛ fransɩ kʋnʋŋ taa size "graphèmes" yɔ, kɛna ɖɔɖɔ kɛ takayaɣ kɩmama ɛzɩ payaʋ nɛ fransɩɩ kʋnʋŋ taa size "lettre" yɔ.
Paa alɩwaatʋ ndʋ tɩ-taa lɛ, pʋwɛ size ɖɩtɩlɩ size, paa mayaɣ kɩmama ŋga lɛ, kakpakʋʋ nɔɔ wiluu tɛ kʋnʋŋ nakʋyʋ. Masɩ nasɩyɛ cabɩ n̄ɛwɛ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, sɩbɩzʋʋ sɩmʋ mbʋ payaɣna fransɩ kʋnʋŋ taa size "diacritiques" yɔ pɩtɛ kʋɖʋm yaa pɩtɛ sakɩyɛ kɛ mbɩ yɔ.
Paa kʋnʋŋ ŋgʋ lɛ, kɩtɛ nɔɔ wiluu yaa nɔɔ tiluu wɛna masɩ nzɩ yɔɔdʋʋ yaa kalɩʋ taa lɛ, sɩgbaɣ ɖama yɔ. Ɖagba ɛzɩ fransɩ kʋnʋŋ tɛ masɩ kɛ mbɩ yɔ koyɔ, ɖɩnaɣ size masɩ nasɩyɛ matʋ wɛ ndɩ ndɩ ɛlɛ sɩgalʋʋ taa lɛ pʋwɛna nɩʋ kʋɖʋmɩŋ. Pʋtɔbʋʋ size sitiluu nɛ siwiluu wɛ kʋɖʋm kpeɖem. Masɩ nzɩ pakalʋʋ sɩ nɛ fransɩ kʋnʋŋ taa lɛ sɩwɛna wilitu nɛ tilitu kʋɖʋmɩŋ yɔ, sɩ-taa nasɩyɛ hɩla kɔ yɔ : s, c, ç, ss, sc, t yaa x, nɛ z.
Ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, masɩ kpeekpee pɩlɩtʋ pɩzʋʋ pɩwalɩ yaa pɩtalɩ palakʋ nɛ pʋwɛʋna tilitu ndɩ ndɩ yɔ. Payaɣ-wɛ nɛ fransɩ kʋnʋŋ taa size "digrammes yaa ɛzɩ lettres supplémentaires". Fransɩ kʋnʋŋ masɩ wɛna matʋ kʋyʋmtʋ tɛ agbela wa kɛʋʋ nzɩ sɩtɛkɛ tam kʋyʋmɩŋ tiliu yaa wiliu yɔ. Ŋdʋ paya nɛ pamana nɛ fransɩ kʋnʋŋ taa size "homographes non homophones". Peɖe pɛcɛla matʋ tʋnɛɛ yɔ size nɛ fransɩ matʋ taa size «Le vent est à l’est» size ɛyaa yaa kalɩyaa ɛnɩna pukutoluu yaa pʋtɔbʋʋ.


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Georges Bizet
Alexandre César Léopold Bizet, pakɩlɩ-ɩ sɩm nɛ Georges Bizet. Ɛyʊ ɛnʊ ɛkɛ Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa hendu lɩzɩyʊ. Palʊla-ɩ aloma fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 25 pɩnaɣ 1838 Paarii tɛtʊ. Ɛsɩ mɩsɩkʋm fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 3 pɩnaɣ 1875 taa kɛ Bougivale (Seine-et-Oise). Ɛnʊ lɩzɩna Carmen hendu, opera naa taa kajalaɣ ñɩŋʊ ŋgʊ pakɩlaɣ teu yɔ.
Palʊla Bizet aloma fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 25 pɩnaɣ 1838 alɩwaatʊ taa kɛ Auvergne tɛ Tour habɩyɛ yɔɔ Paarii tɛtʊ (egeetiye kɩbɩnɖɛ naalɛ nɖɛ).
Ɛ-caa, Adolphe Armand Bizet, kɔɔnaɣ taa lɛ, ɛɛkɛ hʊnɖʊ nɛ hulasi lʊyʊ, pɩsɩ ɛtɩ hendu kpɛlɛkɩyʊ pɩnaɣ 1837. E-ɖoo, Aimée Léopoldine Joséphine Delsarte, ɛkɛ piyaanoo maɖʊ, kpɛlɛkɩ-ɩ ñɩɣyʊ ŋgʊ kɩyɔɔ kajalaɣ laɣsɩ. E-egbele François Delsarte, ɛlɛ ñɛkɛ wilɩyʊ sɔsɔ hendu nɔmɔʊ taa, Gluck tʊ keeke, ɛkɛ niiye mʊyʊ Erɔpʊ kpeekpe taa.
Paɖanɩ pɩɣa lɩm sɔʊ nɛ paya-kɛ se Georges Bizet lakɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 16 pɩnaɣ 1840 taa kɛ Notre-Dame-de Lorette Paarii tɛtʊ taa. Ɛ-kpaŋgbamʊ abalɩ ñɩnʊ kɔyɔ Philippe Louis Brulley, Brunière tɛ ñɩnʊ. Halɩñɩnʊ kɔyɔ Hyppolite Sidonie Daspres. Georges caŋ ɛwɩlɩ kʊjɔŋ sakɩyɛ pɩlɩna miziiki hɔɔlʊʊ taa nɛ ɛtɩ sʊʊ payɛ nɛ yɔɔdaɣ ɖɩkpɛlɩyɛ Paarii tɛtʊ taa ɛlɛ, ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ nakʊ yeke. Marmontel piyaanoo ɖaŋ taa kɛ ɛsʊwa. Ɛcaŋ ɛmʊ kɩhɛyʊ piyaanoo mabʊ nɔmɔʊ taa pɩnaɣ 1851 nɛ naalɛ ŋgʊ pɩnaɣ 1852.
Georges kpaɣ halʊ kɛ mɩsɩkʋm fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 3 pɩnaɣ 1869. Ɛ-halʊ ɛnʊ payaɣ se Geneviève Halévy, ɛkɛ Georges tɛ hendu lɩzʊʊ wɩlɩyʊ. Payaɣa-ɩ se Jacques Fromental Halévy, pɩnzɩ lʊbɛ kɛ ɛ-sɩm wayɩ nɛ Léonie Rodrigues-Henriques. Evebu pɩɣa ŋga kaawɛna pɩnzɩ 30 lɛ, ɛ-halʊ kaawɛna pɩnzɩ 20. Ɛsʊʊ pɩtɩŋna e-nesi ɖɔkʊʊ yɔɔ kɛ Halévy cejewiye taa, pɩɩkɛ Yuda mba cejewiye sɔsɔyɛ naɖɩyɛ kɛ nɖɩ ɖɩɩwɛ Fransɩɩ ɛyaa taa yɔ.


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Pierre Curie
Pierre Curie kɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ size Fransɩɩ yɔ ɖɩ-taa pɩɣa yaa ɖɩ-ɛjaɖɛ taa tʋ. ɛkɛ abalʋ. Eyeba ɛ-tandaʋ ɛzɩ malɩŋ tɩnaa n̄ekuu yɔ. Palʋla-ɩ agoza fenaɣ taa kɛ evemiye yaa kɩyakʋ hiu nɛ kagbanzɩ (15) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye kɛ pɩnaɣ 1859 n̄ɩŋga taa. Egeetiye yaa lone nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa palʋla-ɩ yɔ, nɖɩ payaɣ size Paarii.
Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ kɛlɛ. Ɖajaa ɛnʋ, ɛsɩba ɖomaɣ fenaɣ taa kɛ evemiye yaa kɩyakʋ hiu nɛ nakʋ (19) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye kɛ pɩnaɣ 1906 n̄ɩŋga taa. Pɩnzɩ hiŋ naanza nɛ lʋbɛ (47) taa ɛsɩba. Ɖajaa Pierre Curie kɛ Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa tomnasɩ ɖɔnɛ kpɛlɛkʋʋ tʋmɩyɛ tʋ sɔsɔ siŋŋ nɔɔyʋ.Pazɩmayɩ sakɩyɛ nɛ ɛ-tʋmaa nɖɩ nɖɩ wena ɛlakɩyɛɛ cɛnzɩ tɔʋʋ tʋmɩyɛ taa yɔ. Pɩtasɩɩna piɖeke, ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ, abalʋ weyi ɛlakɩ n̄ɩɣtʋ hɔmtʋ kpɛlɛkʋʋ tʋmɩyɛ nɛ Pizoeletrisitee (piézoélectricité) tʋmɩyɛ laɖʋ ɖɔɖɔ.
Ɖajaa Pierre Curie ɛnɛ, nɛ ɛ-halʋ ɖoɖoo Marie Curie, pɛkɛna kajalaɣ yaa kɔɔnɔɔ mba mba, pajala cɛnzɩ lɩzʋʋ yaa tɔʋʋ (radiations) yɔ. Pɩnaɣ 1903 n̄ɩŋga taa mbɩ yɔɔ lɛ, ɖajaa Pierre ɛnɛ nɛ ɛ-halʋʋ Marie, kediiza sɔsaɣ nakɛyɛ wayɩ kɛ, pɛcɛlɩ wɛ tomnasɩ ɖɔnɛ kpɛlɛkɩtʋ tɩlɩtʋ yɔ tɛ samtʋ takayaɣ yaa nimiye mʋʋ takayaɣ hɛkʋ yaa hɔɔlʋʋ nɛ hɛkʋ lɛɛkʋ yaa hɔɔlʋʋ lɛɛkʋ lɛ, pakpaɣ kʋkʋ nɛ pɛcɛlɩ ɖajaa Henri Becquerel.
Ɖajaa ɛnɛ ɛɛsɔza yaa ɛtɩna pɔyɔ nɛ pakpa ɖoŋ pa-naadozo pan̄ɩtʋ nʋmɔʋ taa. Ɖajaa Henri Becquerel ɛnɛ, ɛɛkɛ tomnasɩ ɖɔnɛ kpɛlɛkʋʋ naʋʋ kɔɔnɔɔ yaa kajalaɣ tʋ. Ɖajaa Pierre Curie caa payaɣ size Eugène Curie. Ɛ-caa ɛnɛ, ɛkɛ kponɖeye tʋ yaa n̄ʋʋ jkpɛnaʋ tʋ. Ɛlakɩ fɛɖaa tʋmɩyɛ, pʋtɔbʋʋ size ɛkɛ fɛɖʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ. Palʋla ɛ-caa kɛ pɩnaɣ 1827 n̄ɩŋga taa nɛ ɛsɩ pɩnaɣ 1910 n̄ɩŋga taa.
E-ɖoo payaɣ size Sophie-Claire Depouilly, palʋla-ɩ pɩnaɣ 1856 n̄ɩŋga taa nɛ ɛsɩ pɩnaɣ 1941 n̄ɩŋga taa. Pierre Curie ɖalʋ yaa pa-caa piya taa sɔsɔ lɛ, Jacques Curie. Palʋla-ɩ pɩnaɣ 1856 n̄ɩŋga taa nɛ ɛsɩ pɩnaɣ 1941 n̄ɩŋga taa. Ɛna ɛ-ɖalʋ ɛnɛ pan̄ɩnɩtʋ taa panaɣ yaa patɩlɩ mbʋ payaɣna anasaayɩ taa size piézoélectricité yɔ. Ɖajaa Pierre Curie caa sɔsɔ yaa cɔzɔɔ payaɣ size Paul Curie, paalʋla-ɩ pɩnaɣ 1799 n̄ɩŋga taa nɛ ɛsɩ pɩnaɣ 1897 n̄ɩŋga taa, ɛɛkɛkɛ fɛɖʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ.