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Henry Ford
Henry Ford kɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ size Etaazuunii yɔ ɖɩ-tɛtʋ taa pɩɣa. Palʋla-ɩ Hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ taa kɩyakʋ hiŋ naadozo (30) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye pɩnaɣ 1863 n̄ɩŋga taa. Egeetiye nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa palʋla ɖajaa sɔsɔ Henry Ford ɛnɛ yɔ, nɖɩ payaɣ size Dearborn, ɖɩwɛ Michigan ɛjadɛ nɖɩ ɖɩɖɩ kɛna Etaazuunii tɛ ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe naaɖɩ yɔ ɖɩ-taa.
Ɖajaa ɛnʋ, ɛsɩba ɖomaɣ fenaɣ taa kɩyakʋ lʋbɛ (7) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye pɩnaɣ 1947 n̄ɩŋga taa. Tɛtʋ ndʋ tɩ-taa ɛsɩba yɔ, ndʋ payaɣ size Dearborn ɖenɖe paalʋla-ɩ yɔ. Ɖajaa Henry Ford ɛnɛ, ɛkɛ tʋma ndɩ ndɩ laɖʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ Etaazuunii ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa peeɖe.
Kɔnɔɔ kpaɖʋ hɛkʋ nɛ hɛkʋ n̄ɩŋgʋ taa mbɩ yɔɔ lɛ, ɖajaa ɛnɛ ɛkɛkɛna ndɩ ndɩ tʋma laɖʋ sɔsɔ weyi patawayɩ liuu siŋŋ yɔ. Alɩwaatʋ ndʋ tɩ-taa ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, ɛnʋ kaakɛna lɔɔɖa ɖɩlaɖɛ lone tʋmɩyɛ tʋ. Ɛtʋmɩyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ size Ford. Ɖɩsɩma mbʋ size ɛ-hɩɖɛ lɛ Ford, nɖɩ pakpaɣ nɛ patamasɩna ɛ-tʋmɩyɛ nɛ pɩpɩsɩ fɔrdɩsɩm.
Poluki wendu ɖama yɔɔ ɖama yɔɔ nɛ pɩwɛ pɩlɔɔ. Tʋmɩyɛ ɖɩnɛ, ɛzɩma ɛnʋ sɩzɩ poluki ɖɩ-taa wondu kahɛza kɛ tam mbɩ yɔ lɛ, pɛhɛyaa tʋma laɖaa liidiye nsakɩyɛ tɔyɩ.


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Prɔmɛtɩyɔm
Prɔmɛtɩyɔm kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 61 nɛ yʊsaɣ ñɩŋa yɔ Pm. Ɛ nɛ tɛkɩnɩsɩyɔm, ɛkɛ pʊtʊ naa naalɛ taa nɔyʊ mba pɛfɛyɩ yuŋ ɛzɩ pɩsɩmʊtɩ, mba pɛfɛyɩna ɖiɣɖiɣ agbele naa. Pʊtʊ ɛnʊ ɛwɛ cazʊ cazʊ ɛjaɖɛ taa.
Pʊtʊ ɛnʊ ɛ-hɩɖɛ lɩna prométhée, pɩkɛ krɛkɩ pɔpɔtʊ tɔm kɩɖalatʊ natʊyʊ ndʊ pɔtɔŋ se tɩmɩla miŋ kɛ Ɛsɔ naa cɔlɔ. Paalakɩ-ɩ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ naɖɩyɛ pɩtasɩna mʊntʊsɩŋ tʊmɩyɛ pɩlɩna ɛ-tɛ cɛkasɩ tɔʊʊ yɔɔ. Palaba-ɩ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ ɛzɩ pʊtʊ weyi ɛkɛ fefeku pɩyʊ kɛ Systems Nuclear Auxiliary Powers nɔmɔʊ taa nɛ ɖɔɖɔ palabɩ-ɩ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ ñamɩyɛ sɛzɩyʊ ɖeɖe.
Bohuslav Brauner kaayɔɔda prɔmɩtɩyɔm wɛʊ tɔm ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1902. Ɛlakaɣa tʊmɩyɛ kɛtɛɖaɣ tɛtʊ naa yɔɔ se ɛpazɩ ɛtɩlɩ tɩ-wɛtʊ piŋ lɛ, ɛna tʊkaɣ sɔsɔ nakayɛ nɛyɔdɩmɩ nɛ samarɩyɔm hɛkʊ taa kakɩlɩ lantanɩdɩ pʊtʊnaa lalaa mba paañɔtɩna kpɛyɛ yɔ. Pɩ-tɛ ɖoziye tɔm ndʊ Henry Moseley tasɩ sazʊʊ tɩ-yɔɔ pɩnaɣ 1914, ɛnʊ weyi pʊtʊnaa caɣyɛ kpɛlɛkʊʊ nɔmɔʊ taa lɛ ɛna se pʊtʊ nɔyʊ taafɛyɩna ñʊʊ mayaɣ 61.
Posusa kajalaɣ natʊ takayaɣ lɛ Italii ɛyaa labɩna tʊmɩyɛ nɖɩ mba yɔ Luigi Rolla nɛ Florence Fernande tɛ Lorenzo. Ɛtɛma tʊʊ tɩdɩm ñɩmɩŋ lɩm mbʊ kɩkɛ Preesiili tɛ monasiti yɔ pɩtɩŋna ɖɔmpɩyɛ kɩmaŋ tɛyʊʊ yɔɔ, mbʊ lɛ ɛna lɩm nabʊyʊ pɩ-taa nɛ samarɩyɔm. Lɩm mbʊ pɩcɛlɛ mʊntʊsʊʊ cɛŋga X ŋga kɛkɛ samarɩyɔm ñɩŋa nɛ 61 pʊtʊ yɔ.
Pɩsa nɛ pʊɖʊ hɩɖɛ pɛ-tɛ tɛtʊ lɛ, paya pʊtʊ 61 ɛnʊ se flɔrɛnsɩyɔm. Ɖɔɖɔ pɩkɔma pɩnaɣ 1926 wɛɛ taa lɛ, lɛɣtʊ tɩnaa nabayɛ kɛ Illinois sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩwɛ Urbana-Champaign tɛtʊ taa yɔ, Smith Hopkins nɛ Len Yntema posusi pʊtʊ 61 natʊ tɔm. Paya-ɩ se ɩlɩnɩyɔm pɩlɩna pɛ-tɛ sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ hɩɖɛ yɔɔ.

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Milton Friedman
Milton Friedman, ɛyʊ ɛnɛyɔ ɛkɛ Amerika ɛjaɖɛ taa tɔsʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ tʊ nɔɔyʊ. Palʊla-ɩ Hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 31 pɩnaɣ 1912 kɛ Niyuu Yɔrɩkɩ tɛtʊ taa nɛ ɛsɩ Kamɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 16 pɩnaɣ 2006 kɛ San Francisco. Ɛɛkɛ ɛyʊ ɛ-tɛ tɔsʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ labʊ alɩwaatʊ taa lɛ, ɛ-hɩɖɛ kʊyaa kpaɣɖʊ 20 wɛɛ taa yɔ. Ɛmʊ Sʊyɛdɩ liidiye koozaɣ pɩtɩŋna tɔsʊʊ tɩlɩyɛ yɔ tɛ kɩhɛyʊʊ pɩlɩna Alfred Nobel cɔlɔ pɩnaɣ 1976 pɩlɩna ɛ-tʊmɩyɛ nɖɩ ɛlaba nɛ ɛwɩlɩ ɛzɩma tɔʊ pɔza yɔ nɛ liidiye tɔm yɔ. Ɛyʊ ɛnʊ ɛkɛ tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ yɔɔ kandɩyʊ. Ɛnʊ tʊlɩna Chicagot sukuli.
Ɛ-tʊma naalɛ naayɛ paza pɩkɛdɩna ɛyaa siŋ. Kajalaɣ lɛ, yeke koŋ ñɩm lɩmaɣzɩyɛ nɛ tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ nɖɩ posusa ɖɩ-tɔm pɩnaɣ 1962 nɛ pʊwayɩ lɛ, ɛ-tʊma lɛɛna wena paawɩlɩ-yɛ kɛlɛm kɛlɛm yɔɔ ɛɛlabɩyɛ pɩnaɣ 1980 nɛ paya-yɛ se Free to Choose (pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se ŋsɔɔla ŋlɩzɩ). Yeke ñɩm lɩmaɣza nɛ tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊ lɩmaɣza takayaɣ taa lɛ, ɛlɩzɩ tɔbʊʊ se ɛzɩma paɖaŋga komina se kɩtaa ɖʊ kʊ-nɔɔ taɖɩyɛ tɔsʊʊ nɔmɔʊ taa yɔ, yeke koŋ pɩzɩɣna nɛ pɩsɩna patalɩ tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊ politiki lɩmaɣza nɛ tɔsʊʊ huu tɛ lɩmaɣza. Pʊwayɩ lɛ, nsɔɔla ŋlɩzɩ takayaɣ taa lɛ, ɛwɩlɩ ɛzɩma tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊ tɔsʊʊ huu wiza tɔsɩŋ huu lɛɛŋ wɛtʊ naa ndɩ ndɩ yɔ.
Ɛ-lɩmaɣza ana awalɩ wobu yɔɔ wobu yɔɔ nɛ pɔkɔɔ palakɩ-yɛ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ politiki ageeta ndɩ ndɩ taa kpaɣ nɛ pɩnzɩ 1980 alɩwaatʊ taa nɛ putukina hɔɔlɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ sakɩyɛ ɖɔɖɔ Amerika ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛ-lɩmaɣza pɩlɩna liidiye yɔɔ, kɩhɛyʊʊ paɣtʊ, ɛyʊ tɛ ñɩm tɛ pɩsʊʊ nɛ paɣtʊ lɛzʊʊ yaa pɩsʊʊ kɔna maɣzɩm kpaagba kɛ politiki tɔsɩŋ ajɛyɛ sakɩyɛ taa kedeŋga kpeekpe taa kɔzɩ kɔzɩ Ronald Reagan Etazuunii, Margaret Thatcher Kewiyaɣ Ɛjaɖɛ taa, Augusto Pinochet kɛ Silii ɛjaɖɛ taa, Mart Laar Estonie ɛjaɖɛ taa, Davíð Oddsson Isilandɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ Brian Mulroney Kanadaa ɛjaɖɛ taa.
Milton Friedman, palʊla-ɩ Brooklyn (New York) Yuda caɣyaa liɖe naɖɩyɛ taa, palɩna Transcarpathie taa, Hɔŋirii hɔɔlʊʊ nakʊyʊ (nɔɔnɔɔ Ukurɛnɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa). Ɛkɛ kɔɔnaɣ pɩɣa kɛ Sarah Ethel Landau nɛ Jenő Saul Friedman, patɩŋɛ mbʊ yɔ pɩkɛ tadɩyɛ laɖaa yeke. Friedman kaawɛna pɩnaɣ kʊyʊmaɣ lɛ, ɛ-hɔʊ kʊya nɛ kiwolo Rahway, New Jersey taa, ɖenɖe ɛpaɣlʊʊ yɔ. Ɛ-caa sɩba lɛ, ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 15. Ɛkɛ sukuli pɩɣa lɔŋ ŋga mbʊ lɛ, ɛtɛzɩ e-sukuli labʊ Rahway sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ taa pɩnaɣ 1928, mbʊ lɛ ɛtɔkaɣ ɛ-tɛ lʊlʊʊ yɔɔ tɔzʊʊ kazandʊ 16 ndʊ kɛlɛ.


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Teniisi (yaa piyuu paalaɣ) kɛ aleɣya ŋgʋ kɩpɔzʋ kɩmabɩnaʋ yɔ. Kɩmabʋ pɔzʋ se kɩmaɖaa ɛwɛ hɔlʋʋ hɔlʋʋ yee pɛwɛ naalɛ yɔ (peeɖe lɛ payaɣ paleyaɣ ana se yem n̄ɩnaɣ) yaa ɛzɩ maɖaa ɛwɛ nanaaza yɔ pɛdɛyʋ ɖamaɣ hʋlɩŋ naalɛ kɛ naalɛ naalɛ nɛ pama (aleyaɣ ana payaɣ alɛ se nabʋlɛ n̄ɩnaɣ). Teniisi maɖaa wɛna kɩmabɩnaa mba yɔ, palʋ wɛ nɛ nimee kpaʋ yɔ nɛ tibu yɔ yem, nɛ pɩwɛ ɖoŋ ɛzɩ ɛyʋ sɔlʋʋ yɔ. Kɩmabɩnaʋ ŋgʋ, kɩwɔndʋ ndʋ palʋna yɔ tɩpɩzɩɣ tɩwɛ ndɩ ndɩ ɛlɛ, kɩwazɩɣ se pamabɩna paalɩ ketu ndʋ, kɩ-taa nɛ helim ɖo nɛ pataɣ kʋ tɔlɩm.
Nadal Australian Open 2009 5
Kɩ-leyaɣ tʋbʋ kɛlɛ size paalɩ ŋgʋ, lɛlʋ ɛ-mabɩ kʋ lɛ, lɛlʋ ɛtaapɩzɩ nɛ ekitina kʋ kadaɣ kamaɣ taa, pʋtɔbʋ se paalɩ ɛtaalɩna kadaɣ ŋga pamakɩ ka-taa yɔ nɛ ka-waɩ. Nɔɔyʋ ɛmabaɣ nɛ pɩtɛlɛdɩ kadaɣ piyuu kɔyɔ, elesaɣ; weyi ɛmabaɣ nɛ pɩtɔlɩ kadaɣ waɩ yaa ka-kamasɩ waɩ elesaɣ ɖɔɖɔ. Pɩpɔzʋ toɖiye kɛ mabɩtʋ ɖeɖe nɛ pɩcɔ payaŋ se waɖʋ. Kadaɣ kamasɩ nɛ paɣtʋ ndʋ tɩyɔ pɔɖɔŋ nɛ pɩcɔ pamakɩ teniisi aleyaɣ ana yɔ, wɛ ndɩ ndɩ kɛ alɩwatʋ ndʋ naalɛ makɩ yaa nanaaza makɩ lɛ yɔ.


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Lawɔsɩ
Lawɔsɩ kɛna Azii ilemiye taa ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ ɖɩwɛna ilemiye nɖɩ nɛ ɖɩ-wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩye taa nɛ hadɛ kiŋ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ pɔɔ, kujomuu, teŋgu yaa lɩŋgamʊʊ nakʊyʊ tɔcɔɔ-ɖɩ nɛ pɩta. Lawɔsɩ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɛ ajɛya wena asɩ ɖama nɛ kamaɣyɔ a-taa kɔyɔ: Tayɩlandɩ, Kambɔjɩ, Fɩyɛtɩnam nɛ Siini ɛjaɖɛ.
Pamaza Lawɔsɩ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ 236 800 km2 nɛ ɖenɖe lɩm wɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe talɩɣ ɛzɩ 2 yɔ kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ. Ɖooo pɩnaɣ 2015 taa pakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ pana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 6 492 400 yɔ; pʊtɔbʊʊ se papɩzɩɣ pana ɛyaa ɛzɩ yɔ 27,42 yɔ kɛ km2 taa. Hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ 19 pɩnaɣ 1949 kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩmʊ ɖɩ-tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊ ɛlɛ agoza fenaɣ 1990 kɛ ɖɩwɛ ɖɩ-tɩ yɔɔ siŋŋŋ. Payaɣ Lawɔsɩ ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊdʊ kɩfalʊ se Bounnhang Vorachith nɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina ñʊʊdʊ kɩfalʊ payaɣ se Thongloun Sisoulith.
Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, ŋgʊ lɛ lawɔsɩyɛɛ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Fiyantiyan. Yee ɛyʊ ɛsɔɔlaa se ɛyaa nɔɔyʊ kɛ kaŋgalafu yɔɔ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa kɔyɔ, pɩkɛna-ɩ kɩjɛyʊʊ se ɛma +856 ɛ-tɛ kaŋgalafu kpata yɔɔ pʊcɔ ŋɛ ɛɛma pɩtɛ ɛyʊʊ kaŋgalafu nimaɣ mayaɣ. Liidiye nɖɩ pɔtɔkjɩ-ɖɩ peeɖe yɔ payaɣ-ɖɩ se kipi.


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Pliitɔɔ
Pliitɔɔ kɛna wɩsɩ cɔɔʊ taŋgalam tɩyɩŋga nakɛyɛ. Wɩsɩ cɔɔʊ taŋgalam tɩyɩnzɩ kpeekpe taa lɛ, tɩyɩŋga kanɛ ŋga kɩlɩna paɣlɩka: kɛ-tɛ hɛkʊ taa faawʊ cɩŋga wɛ kilomɛtanaa 2 372. Tɩyɩŋga ŋga hʊŋ hilimiye taa lɛ kɛkɛ naalɛ Erisi wayi. Pʊyɔɔ lɛ wɩsɩ cɔɔʊ taŋgalam tɩyɩŋga Pliitɔɔ kɛna tɩyɩŋga nakʊ ŋga ŋga kakɩlɩ paɣlʊ tɩyɩnzɩ nakawaa mba pa-taa nɛ hiu ŋga hʊŋ hilimaɣ taa yee pɛkpɛndɩna tɩyɩnzɩ cikpesi kɩmalasɩ kɔyɔ.
Wɩsɩ cɔɔʊ taŋgalam tɩyɩŋga ŋga payaɣ se Nɛptiini yɔ kawayɩ kpam lɛ Pliitɔɔ panaɣkpaagba, nɛ tɩyɩŋga kɛnɛ koposina wɩsɩ ɛzɩ 30 nɛ 49 UA yɔ pɛhɛkʊ taa. Pɩnaɣ 1930 kɛ Amerika tɩyɩnzɩ kpɛlɛkɩyʊ Clyde Tombaugh ñɩnaa nɛ ɛlɩɩ kɔyɔɔ nɛ pakpaɣ-kɛ ɛzɩ wɩsɩ cɔɔʊ taŋgalam tɩyɩŋga. Pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ nɛɛlɛ tɛŋgaɣ lɛ nɛ pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ nɛɛlɛ nɛ kʊɖʊmaɣ paɣzaɣ lɛ, paɖaɣnɩ naʊ tɩyɩnzɩ nzɩ sɩcɔʊ wɩsɩ nɛ sɩtaŋ yɔ sakɩyɛ; ppɩkɩlɩna Eriisi.
Wayɩ nɛ wayɩ tɩyɩŋga kɛnɛ kakɩla paɣlɩɣ nɛ yʊŋ ɖɔɖɔ kɛ Pliitɔɔ. Pliitɔɔ taa nɛ meetaanɩ hɔɔlasɩ, pɩtasɩna ɖombe nɛ azɔtɩ. Tɩyɩŋga ŋga kɛ-hɛkʊ taa faaʊ ciŋga ɖaalakɩŋ taa wɛ ɛzɩ napʊlɛ taa yee pɛtɛyɩ Fenaɣ hɛkʊ taa ŋga naputozo yɔ.
NASA lɔ ɛsɔtaa kɔlaɣ fenaɣ taa pɩnaɣ 2006 kɛ loyuu kɩluzʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩñɩnɩɣ wɩsɩ cɔɔʊ taŋgalam tɩyɩnzɩ taa yɔ, New Horizons, nɛ kɩtalɩ Pliitɔɔ hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ 14 pɩnaɣ 2015. Ki-seɣa taa wɛ kilomɛtanaa 11 095 nɛ loyuu kiluzuu ŋgʊ lɛ kacalaɣ ŋgʊ ŋgʊ kɩpɩzaa kɩsʊʊ Pliitɔɔ taa camɩyɛ yɔ. Kɩkʊyɩna tɛtaa nɛ kɩtalɩ Pliitɔɔ lɛ kilomɛtanaa miliyaarɩwaa 6,4 kɩlaba.


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Kazakisitanɩ
Kazakisitanɩ kɛna ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ ɖɩhɔɔlʊʊ sɔsɔʊ wɛna Aazi ilemiye hɛkʊ taa nɛ hayʊ kiŋ pɩnɛ Erɔpʊ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa hɔɔʊʊ nakʊyʊ pɩkɩlɩna Urali pɔɔ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa.
Pamaza Kazakisitanɩ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ 27 244 900 km2 nɛ ɖenɖe lɩm wɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe takɩlɩ ɖɔʊ. Pakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ pana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 17 948 816 pʊtɔbʊʊ se papɩzɩɣ pana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 5,7 yɔ kɛ km2 yɔɔ. Saŋgayɩŋ fenaɣ 16 pɩnaɣ 1991 kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩmʊ ɖɩ-tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊ. Payaɣ ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊdʊ kɩfalʊ se Noursoultan Nazarbaïev nɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina ñʊʊdʊ kɩfalʊ payaɣ se Bakytjan Saguintaïev.
Kʊnʊmɩŋ weyi pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, ɩnʊʊ lɛ kazakɩ nɛ rusi. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Astana ɛlɛ ndʊ tɩkɩla walanzɩ yɔ ndʊ lɛ Almatii. Yee ɛyʊ ɛsɔɔlaa se ɛyaa nɔɔyʊ kɛ kaŋgalafu yɔɔ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa kɔyɔ, pɩkɛna-ɩ kɩjɛyʊʊ se ɛma +7 ɛ-tɛ kaŋgalafu kpata yɔɔ pʊcɔ ŋɛ ɛɛma pɩtɛ ɛyʊʊ kaŋgalafu nimaɣ mayaɣ kpata yɔɔ pʊcɔ nɛ ɛɛma pɩtɛ ɛyʊʊ kaŋgalafu nimaɣ mayaɣ. Pakpazʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ kɩɖaʊ kɛdɛɛka nɛ pɛtɛ lɛ, peteɣu wendu ndʊ yɔ, ndʊ lɛ se mɛntɛ Kazakisitanɩ. Liidiye nɖɩ pɔtɔkɩ-ɖɩ peeɖe yɔ payaɣ-ɖɩ se Teŋge.


text:
Laʋ
Tɩŋ sɔsɔŋ ndɩ ndɩ nɛ tɩŋ kɩmaɣnaŋ nɛ tɩŋ cikpeŋ pɛkpɛndɩɣ nɛ pɛwɛɛ hɔɔlʋʋ kɩwalʋʋ nakʋyʋ yɔɔ nɛ payaa se laʋ. Laŋ sɔsɔŋ wɛɛ nɛ laŋ cikpeŋ ñɛwɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ.
Laʋ kɛ ñɩm sɔsɔm ɛyʋ wezuu caɣʋ taa. Ɛyʋ pɩzɩɣ ɛcaɣ wezuu laʋ taa. Ɛyaa paɣzɩ caɣʋ laŋ taa kpaɣ ɖooo kpaɖʋʋ nɩɩlɛ ñɩŋʋ taa. Ɛyaa ɛzɩ miiliyɔɔ waa taŋa mbʋ yɔ, halɩ pɩɖɛɛ pʋ-yɔɔ kaca laŋ taa. Halɩ nɛ sɔnɔ mbʋ yɔ, ɛyaa ɛzɩ miiliyɔɔ waa mɩnʋʋ nɛ nɩɩnʋwa caɣ laŋ taa.
Awayɩ kpɩna sɔsɔna nɛ cikpena nɛ sumasɩ sɔsɔsɩ nɛ cikpesi pɛwɛ laŋ taa. Laŋ sɔsɔŋ taa tuŋ nɛ tɔɔyɩŋ nɛ tudusi nɛ awayɩ naŋ nɛ kpoŋ nɛ awayɩ kpɩna sɔsɔna lɛɛna pacakɩ wezuu. Ɖɩnaɣ ɖɔɖɔ awayɩ kpɩna kɩmaɣna ɛzɩ namɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ nɛ ahuwa ndɩ ndɩ nɛ tɩkpayɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ. Awayɩ kpɩna cikpena wena ɖɩpɩzɩɣ ɖɩna laŋ taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, a-taa naayɛ hɩla yɔ : kozonzi nɛ puda naa nɛ fɔɔ naa nɛ yuŋ nɛ awayɩ kpɩna cikpena lɛɛna.
Sumasɩ sɔsɔsɩ ndɩ ndɩ nɛ sumasɩ kɩmaɣnasɩ nɛ sumasɩ cikpesi kudokiŋ ɛgbɔŋ ɛgbɔŋ cakɩ wezuu laŋ taa. Sumasɩ sɔsɔsɩ taa lɛ, ɖɩnaɣ tataa naa. Sumasɩ kɩmaɣnasɩ taa lɛ, ɖɩnaɣ makɩyɛ naa ndɩ ndɩ nɛ atenda ndɩ ndɩ nɛ kpeliŋ ndɩ ndɩ nɛ awayɩ suŋ nɛ lesi ajalɩ kɔkɔ naa nɛ hoomataŋ ndɩ ndɩ nɛ kpɩɩtɔlɩ naa nɛ abɛntɛ naa ndɩ ndɩ akpaŋnaŋcaʋ waa.
Sumasɩ cikpesi taa lɛ, ɖɩnaɣ pɩtɛɛyɩsɩ ndɩ ndɩ nɛ ahowa ndɩ ndɩ nɛ kpɛŋkpɛsɩ ndɩ ndɩ nɛ awayɩ halɩkuku naa ndɩ ndɩ nɛ kʋdɔkɔyɩŋ nɛ atɛwa ndɩ ndɩ nɛ pɩɩdʋ naa ndɩ ndɩ nɛ hɩmcɩʋcɩʋ naa ndɩ ndɩ.
Ɖʋma sɔsaa ndɩ ndɩ nɛ ɖʋma cikpema ndɩ ndɩ wɛ laŋ taa ɖɔɖɔ.
Kayɩmasɩ sɔsɔsɩ nɛ kayɩmasɩ cikpesi wɛ ɖɔɖɔ laŋ taa.
Ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ lɩm taa wondu ndɩ ndɩ paɣtʋ yɔ, mbʋ laŋ taa wondu lakɩ. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se kpɩna wena akɩlɩ ɖoŋ yɔ, atɔkɩ kpɩna wena alɛ fɛyɩ ɖoŋ yɔ nɛ apɩzɩ acaɣ wezuu.


text:
KƲSƎSƖƖTƲ LƐLƲƔƲ
TAKƎLAƔA
Kʋtʋlʋtʋ
Tɑkǝlɑɣɑ kɑnɛ kɑ tɑɑ kɛ́ Moisi lɛlɑ kʋsǝsɩɩtʋnɑɑ mpɑ Ɩsɔ kɑ tʋwɑ Ɩsɛɣɛlɩ nyǝ́mɑ kɛ Lɩɩʋ tɑkǝlɑɣɑ tɑɑ tɔ. Kɑ tɑɑ tɔtɔ wɛ tɔmnɑɑ mpɑ Moisi heelɑ Ɩsɛɣɛlɩ nyǝ́mɑ tɔ. Ɩ tɔɔsɑ-wɛ sɩ Ɩsɔ sɔɔlɑ-wɛɣɛ sɔsɔm. Hɑlǝnɑ ɩ́ nɑ-wɛ pɑ́ pɛɛlɩ nɔɣɔ kɛ wʋlɑɣɑ tɛtʋ tɑɑ, nɑ ɩ́ kenti pɑ tɔɔ. Ɩ hʋlɑ-wɛ tɔtɔ sɩ Ɩsɔ tike ntɛ́ Ɩsɔ, nɔɣɔlʋ ɩ fɛɩ tɔtɔ, ɩ́ kɑ́ sɔɔlɩ-ɩ kɛ́ nɑ luɣu kʋlʋmʋɣʋ, nɑ mǝ lǝsɑɣɑ sʋʋ-ɩ tǝmɑmmɑm, nɑ mǝ tomɑ tǝnɑ (6:4-5).
Ɩsǝnɑ pɑ fɑɣɑ Kʋsǝsɩɩtʋ Lɛlʋɣʋ tɑkǝlɑɣɑ tɔ:
Moisi fɑɑci kɑncɑɑlɑɣɑ nyǝŋ, titite 1:1–4:43
Moisi fɑɑci nɑɑlɛ nyǝŋ, titite 4:44–28:68
Moisi fɑɑci tooso nyǝŋ, titite 28:69–30:20
Yosuwee lɛɛtʋɣʋ kɛ Moisi lonte, titite 31
Moisi kɑwǝyɑɣɑ, titite 32
Moisi koolɑ Ɩsɛɣɛlɩ nyǝ́mɑ tǝnɑɣɑ kʋpɑntʋ, titite 33
Moisi sǝm tɔm, titite 34
MOISI KƲYƆƔƆTƲTƲ KANCAALAƔA NYƎNTƲ
1
1
Tɔmnɑɑ mpɑ mpɑ Moisi heelɑ Ɩsɛɣɛlɩ yǝlɑɑ tǝnɑɣɑ wʋlɑɣɑ tɛtʋ tɑɑ, nɑ pǝ́cɔ́ pɑ́ tɛsǝɣɩ Yɑɑtɑnɩ pɔɣɔ kɛ Sufɩ ɩsɛntɑɑ, nɑ Pɑlɑŋ nɑ Tofɛlɩ nɑ Lɑpɑŋ nɑ Hɑsɑlɔti nɑ Ti-Sɑhɑpɩ pɑ hɛkʋ tɑɑ tɔɣɔlɔ. 2
Pɑ lɩɩʋ Holɛpʋɑ
nɑ pɑ́ kpɑɣɑ Ɩtɔm pʋɣʋ mpɑɑʋ tɔ, kʋyɛɛŋ nɑɑnʋwɑ nɑ kʋlʋmʋɣʋ kɛ pɑ lɑpɑ, hɑlǝnɑ Kɑtɛɛsɩ-Pɑɑneyɑ. 3
Pɑ Icipiti lɩɩʋ pǝnɑɣɑ nɩɩlɛ nyǝŋkɑ, ɩsɔtʋ nɑɑnʋwɑ nɑ kʋlʋm nyǝŋ kʋyɑkʋ kɑncɑɑlɑɣɑ nyǝŋkʋ tɑɑ kɛ́ Moisi heelɑ Ɩsɛɣɛlɩ nyǝ́mɑ kɛ nti Tɑcɑɑ kɑ tʋ-ɩ sɩ ɩ́ tɛlǝsɩ-wɛ tɔ. 4
Wɑɑtʋ wei ɩ yoowɑ nɑ ɩ́ kǝlɩ Amolii nyǝ́mɑ wulɑʋ Sihoŋ wei ɩ kɑ wɛ Hɛsǝpɔŋ ɩcɑtɛ tɑɑ tɔ, nɑ Pɑsɑŋ nyǝŋ Oki wei ɩ tɔkɑɣɑ kɑwulɑɣɑ kɛ Asetɑloti nɑ Ɩtǝlei pɑ ɑcɑlɛɛ tɔɔ tɔ.
5 Sɑɑ wei pɑ wɛ Mowɑpʋ tɛtʋ tɑɑ, nɑ pɑ́ tɑ tɛsǝtɑ Yɑɑtɑnɩ pɔɣɔ tɔɣɔ Moisi cɑɑlɑ kʋsǝsɩɩtʋ tǝnɛ tǝ tɔm kɛ sɛɣɛsʋɣʋ sɩ:
Ɩsɔ hɑ Ɩsɛɣɛlɩ nyǝ́mɑ kɛ nɔɣɔ sɩ pɑ́ tɛɛ
6 Wɑɑtʋ wei tɩɩ wɛ Holɛpʋ pʋɣʋ kiŋ tǝnɑ tɔɣɔ Tɑcɑɑ yɔɣɔtɑɑ sɩ, tǝ tɑɑŋɑ tǝnɑ tǝcɑm. 7 Pǝ tɔɔ tɔ, tǝ́ kpɛsɩ nɑ tǝ́ polo pulɑsɩ hɔɣɔlǝŋ tɑɑ timpi Amolii nyǝ́mɑ wɛɛ tɔ. Nɑ pǝ cɔlɔ Kɑnɑɑŋ nyǝ́mɑ tɛtʋnɑɑ tɑɑ kɛ́ pǝ kpɑɣɑʋ Yɑɑtɑnɩ kɑcǝkɑ, nɑ pulɑsɩ hɔɣɔlʋɣʋ, nɑ tɛtɛkǝlɛ, nɑ Nekɛfɩ, nɑ teŋku Metitelɑnee ɩmɑlɑʋ kɛ Kɑnɑɑŋ nyǝ́mɑ tɛtʋ tɑɑ tɔ. Nɑ Lipɑŋ, hɑlǝnɑ pɔɣɔ sɔsɑɣɑ Ɩfǝlɑtɩ. 8 Ɩ́ nɑwɑɑ, mǝ niŋ tɑɑ kɛ́ mɑ tʋ́ tɛtʋ tǝnɑ. Mpʋ tɔ, ɩ́ polo nɑ ɩ́ mʋ-tɩ. Tɑcɑɑ kɑ yɔɣɔtǝnɑ tuunɑʋ kɛ́ sɩ ɩ kɑ́ hɑ-tǝɣɩ mǝ cɑɑnɑɑ Apǝlɑhɑm nɑ Ɩsɑɑkɑ nɑ Yɑkɔpʋ, nɑ pɛlɛ pɑ lʋlʋɣʋ nyǝ́mɑ tǝnɑɣɑ pɑ wɑɑlɩ.
Moisi kpɑʋ kɛ hʋʋlɑɑ
9 Ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ Moisi tɔmɑ sɩ: Mɑɑ heelɑ-mɛɣɛ Holɛpʋ pʋɣʋ kiŋ sɩ mɑɑ pǝsǝɣɩ nɑ mɑ́ pɑɑsǝnɑ-mɛɣɛ mɑ tike. 10 Mpi tɔ, Tɑcɑɑ mǝ Ɩsɔ lɑpɑɣɑ nɑ ɩ́ huki, nɑ sɑŋɑ tɑɑ ɩ́ wɛ pɑɣɑlɛ ɩsɩɩ ɩsɔtʋlʋŋɑsɩ. 11 Mǝ cɑɑnɑɑ Ɩsɔ Tɑcɑɑ ɩ́ yele nɑ ɩ́ sɔɔsɩ hukuɣu kɛ tɔm iyɑɣɑ (1000). Nɑ ɩ́ kooli-mɛɣɛ kʋpɑntʋ ɩsɩɩ ɩ kɑ sɩɩʋ nɔɣɔ tɔ. 12 Ɩsǝnɑɣɑ mɑɑ pǝsɩ mɑ tike nɑ mɑ́ sǝɣǝlɩ mǝ sǝɣǝlɑ nɑ mǝ wɑhɑlɑnɑɑ nɑ mǝ yooŋ? 13 Ɩ́ lǝsɩ mǝ kpekɑ tɑɑ kɛ́ lǝmɑɣɑsɛɛ nyǝ́mɑ nɑ mpɑ pɑ nyǝ́mɑ yɑɑsi nɑ pɑ hǝtɛ yɑɑwɑ tɔ, nɑ mɑ́ kpɑ-wɛɣɛ mǝ nyʋɣʋ nyǝ́mɑ. 14 Hɑlɩ ɩ́ cɔ-m sɩ mɑ kʋmɑɣɑsǝtʋ ntɩ tǝ wɛ teu. 15 Ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ mɑ kpɑ mpɛ ɩnɩ pɑ tɑɑ lǝmɑɣɑsɛɛ nyǝ́mɑ mpɑ pɑ hǝlɑ yɑɑwɑ tɔɣɔ yǝlɑɑ iyɑɣɑ (1000) nyʋɣʋ nyǝ́mɑ, nɑ nɩɩnʋwɑ (100) nyʋɣʋ nyǝ́mɑ, nɑ nɩɩlɛ nɑ nɑɑnʋwɑ nyʋɣʋ nyǝ́mɑ, nɑ nɑɑnʋwɑ nyʋɣʋ nyǝ́mɑ. Nɑ mɑ́ kpɑ mpɑ pǝ kɑɑsɑɑ tɔ pɑ tɑɑ kɛ́ pɑɑ kpekǝle nte tǝ ɑkewenɑɑ. 16 Ɩlɛnɑ mɑ́ tʋ́ mǝ tɔm hʋʋlɑɑ sɩ ye tɔm mɑɣɑnɑ mǝ tɛɛtʋnɑɑ kɛ pɑ tɑɑ pɑ tike, yɑɑ mǝ nɑ cɑɣɑlɑɑ, ɩ́ welisi tǝ tɑɑ kɛ́ teu nɑ ɩ́ tǝŋ ɩsǝnɑ tɑmpɑnɑ sǝŋɑɑ tɔ, nɑ ɩ́ hʋʋ-tɩ. 17 Ɩ́ tɑɑ fɑɣɑsɩ yǝlɑɑ kɛ mǝ hʋʋlɛnɑɑ tɑɑ. Pɑɑ toŋtʋ pɑɑ kʋnyɔntʋ, pǝ wɛɛ sɩ ɩ́ nɩɩnɑ-wɛɣɛ. Ɩ́ tɑɑ see yǝlɑɑ. Mpi tɔ, Ɩsɔ hǝtɛ tɑɑ kɛ́ ɩ́ hʋʋkǝnɑ. Nti tǝ́ wɛ-mɛɣɛ kɑtɛ ɩlɛ ɩ́ kɔnɑ-tɩ nɑ mɑ́ nɩɩ. 18 Wɑɑtʋ ɩnǝɣɩ mɑ tʋ-mɛɣɛ nti nti ɩ́ kɑ́ lɑ tɔ.
Feŋlɑɑ tiluɣu kɛ́ Kɑnɑɑŋ tɛtʋ tɑɑ
19 Pǝ wɑɑlɩ kɛ́ tǝ kʋlɑ Holɛpʋ pʋɣʋ ɩsɩɩ Tɑcɑɑ kɑ́ heeluɣu-tʋ tɔ, nɑ tǝ́ fɑɣɑ wʋlɑɣɑ tɛtʋ ɑnɑɑm ɑsolɑ nyǝntʋ ntɩ, ɩsɩɩ ɩ́ nyǝm tɔ. Amolii nyǝ́mɑ pʋɣʋ mpɑɑʋ kɛ tǝ kpɑɣɑɑ nɑ tǝ́ tɑlɑ Kɑtɛɛsɩ-Pɑɑneyɑ.
20 Hɑlɩ mɑ heelɑ-mɛ sɩ ɩ́ tɑpɑ Amolii nyǝ́mɑ pʋɣʋ ŋku tɑ́ Ɩsɔ Tɑcɑɑ hɑ-tʋ tɔɣɔlɛ. 21 Ɩsɔ tʋwɑ tɛtʋ tǝnɑɣɑ mǝ niŋ tɑɑ kɛ́. Ɩ́ kʋlɩ nɑ ɩ́ mʋ-tɩ nɑ tǝ́ pǝsɩ mǝ nyǝntʋ, ɩsɩɩ mǝ cɑɑnɑɑ Ɩsɔ Tɑcɑɑ kɑ heeluɣu-mɛ tɔ. Ɩ́ tɑɑ nyɑ́. Pǝyele mǝ lɑŋɑ ɩ́ tɑɑ ŋmɑɑ pɑɑ pǝcɔ.
22 Tǝnɑɣɑ mǝ tǝnɑ ɩ́ kɔmɑ mɑ kiŋ nɑ ɩ́ tɔŋ sɩ: Tǝ́ tili ɑpɑlɑɑ kɛ tɑ́ nɔɣɔ tɔɔ, nɑ pɑ́ feŋ tɛtʋ ntɩ nɑ pɑ́ hʋ́lɩ́-tʋɣʋ mpɑɑʋ ŋku tɩɩ kpɑɣɑ tɔ. Nɑ ɑcɑlɛɛ nnɑ nnɑ tɩɩ tɑlɑ tɔ. 23 Ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ mɑ sɑmɑ mǝ lǝmɑɣɑsɛɛ ɑnɩ. Ɩlɛnɑ mɑ́ lǝsɩ mǝ kpekɑ tɑɑ kɛ́ yʋlʋ yʋlʋ kɛ́ yǝlɑɑ nɑɑnʋwɑ nɑ nɑɑlɛ. 24 Mpɛ ɩnɩ pɑ tɛɛnɑ nɑ pɑ́ fɑɣɑnɑ pʋɣʋ tɑɑ. Hɑlǝnɑ Ɩsǝkɔɔlɩ tɛtɛkǝlɛ nɑ pɑ́ feŋ-tɩ. 25 Ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ pɑ koolɑ tɛtʋ ntɩ tǝ tɑɑ kʋlʋlʋm nɑ pɑ́ kpɛŋnɑ. Nɑ pɑ́ kɛɛsɩ-tʋ sɩ tɛtʋ kʋpɑntʋ kɛ tɑ́ Ɩsɔ Tɑcɑɑ hɑɑkɩ-tʋ. 26 Pɑɑ nɑ mpʋ tɔ, ɩ́ lɑpɑ lɑŋkpɩɩsǝŋ nɑ ɩ́ kisi tǝ tɑɑ kɛ́ pote ɩsɩɩ mǝ Ɩsɔ Tɑcɑɑ kɑ heeluɣu-mɛ tɔ. 27 Hɑlǝnɑ ɩ́ sʋʋ kʋntʋɣʋ kɛ mǝ cokɑ tɑɑ sɩ: Tɑcɑɑ ɩɩ cɑɑkɩ-tʋ tɔɣɔ ɩ lǝsɑ-tʋɣʋ Icipiti nɑ ɩ́ kɔnɑ-tʋɣʋ Amolii nyǝ́mɑ tɛtʋ tɑɑ sɩ pɛlɛ pɑ́ wɑkǝlɩ-tʋ. 28 Ɩlɛnɑ ɩ́ tɑsǝɣɩ sɩ tǝ polo le? Mǝ tɛɛtʋnɑɑ nɑ́ yɔɔlɑ mǝ ɑpɑlʋtʋ sɩ: Tɛtʋ ntɩ tǝ yǝlɑɑ tɑɣɑlɑɑ kɛ́. Pǝyele pɑ kǝlɑ-tʋ, nɑ pɑ ɑcɑlɛɛ kɛ́ sɔsɔɔnɑ nɑ ɑ koloosi kɑlǝsǝnɑ ɩsɔtɔnʋɣʋ. Hɑlɩ tǝ tɩɩ nɑ́ ɑ tɑɑ kɛ́ Anɑkɩ tooko lʋlʋɣʋ nyǝ́mɑ.
29 Mɑ heeliɣi-mɛ sɩ ɩ́ tɑɑ seliɣinɑ-wɛ. Pɑ tɔm ɩ́ tɑɑ kpɑ-mɛɣɛ sɔɣɔntʋ. 30 Tɑcɑɑ mǝ Ɩsɔ wei ɩ wɛ mǝ nɔɣɔ tɔɔ tɔ, ɩ mɑɣɑmɑɣɑ ɩ kɑ́ yoonɑ mǝ nɔɣɔ. Ɩsɩɩ ɩ tɛm lɑpʋ nɑ ɩ́ nɑnɑ mǝ ɩsɛ kɛ Icipiti 31 nɑ wʋlɑɣɑ tɛtʋ tɑɑ tɔ. Tǝnɑɣɑ ɩ pɑɑsǝnɑ-mɛ ɩsɩɩ yʋlʋ nʋkʋɣʋ ɩ pu tɔɣɔ mǝ mpɑɑʋ tǝnɑ tɑɑ. Hɑlǝnɑ mǝ tɑtɛ kɛ cǝnɛ. 32 Pɑɑ nɑ mpʋ tɔ, ɩ́ tɑ́ tʋ́ nɑɑni kɛ́ Tɑcɑɑ mǝ Ɩsɔ. 33 Pǝyele ɩnɩ ɩ kɑ tɔŋɑɣɑnɑ mǝ nɔɣɔ tɔɔ. Nɑ ɩ pɛɛkǝɣɩ-mɛɣɛ tǝsʋʋlɛnɑɑ kɛ mǝ tɔntɛ wɑɑtʋ. Nɑ ɩ́ hʋlǝɣɩ-mɛɣɛ kɔkɔ kɛ ɑhoo, nɑ ɩ́ nɑɑkɩ mpɑɑʋ. Ilim ɩlɛnɑ ɩ́ wɛɛ ŋmʋntʋɣʋ tɑɑ nɑ mɩ́ɩ́ tǝŋǝɣɩ.
34 Tɑcɑɑ nɩ́ɩ́ mǝ kʋntʋɣʋ, ɩlɛnɑ pɑ́ɑ́nɑ́ kpɑ-ɩ nɑ ɩ́ yɔɣɔtɩ nɑ ɩ́ tuu sɩ: 35 Yǝlɑɑ mɛ ɩ́ kǝlɑ ɩsɑɣɑtʋ. Pǝ tɔɔ kɛ́ pɑ lʋlʋɣʋ looŋɑ kɑnɛ, kɑ tɑɑ nɔɣɔlʋ kɑɑ sʋʋ tɛtʋ kʋpɑntʋ nti mɑ tuuwɑ sɩ mɑɑ hɑ mǝ cɑɑnɑɑ tɔ. 36 Ye pǝ tɑɣɑ Yefune pǝyɑlʋ Kɑlɛpʋ pɑɑsi. Ɩ́ nɑ ɩ lʋlʋɣʋ nyǝ́mɑ kɛ mɑ́ɑ́ hɑ tɛtʋ nti ɩ́ feŋɑ mpʋ tɔɣɔ timpi ɩ nɩɩnɑ-m teu tɔ.
37 Tɑcɑɑ mʋnɑ Moisi mɑɣɑ pɑ́ɑ́nɑ́ kɛ mǝ tɔɔ, hɑlǝnɑ ɩ́ tɔ sɩ mɑ kɑɑ fɛlɩ nɔɔhǝlɛ kɛ tɛtʋ ntɩ tǝ tɑɑ. 38 Amɑ Nuŋ pǝyɑlʋ Yosuwee wei ɩ kɛ́ mɑ tǝmlɛ tʋ tɔ ɩ tike ɩ kɑ́ ponɑ. Mɑɑ sɔɔsɩ-ɩ ɑpɑlʋtʋ. Mpi tɔ ɩnɩ ɩ kɑ́ yelinɑ nɑ tɛtʋ ntɩ tǝ́ pǝsɩ Ɩsɛɣɛlɩ nyǝ́mɑ nyǝntʋ. 39 Mǝ piyɑ mpɑ pɑ ɩsɛ tɑ nyɑɑlǝtɑ ɩsǝntɔ, nɑ ɩ́ tɔŋ sɩ kolontunɑɑ kɑ́ pɑ́ɑ́nɑ́ tɔ, mpɛ pɑ́ɑ́ sʋʋnɑ tǝ tɑɑ. Mpi tɔ, mpɛɣɛ mɑ́ɑ́ hɑ-tɩ, nɑ tǝ́ pǝsɩ pɑ nyǝntʋ. 40 Amɑ mɩ́ɩ́ kɛɛsɩ ɩsɛ nɑ ɩ́ fɑɣɑnɑ wʋlɑɣɑ tɛtʋ tɑɑ, nɑ ɩ́ polo teŋku kʋsɛɛm.
41 Tǝnɑɣɑ ɩ́ cɔwɑ sɩ: Hɑɩ, tɑ́ tɔm sǝpǝnɑ Tɑcɑɑ. Pǝnɛntɛ tɩɩ kpɑ pɑ tɔɔ nɑ tǝ́ yoonɑ-wɛ ɩsɩɩ tɑ́ Ɩsɔ yɔɣɔtʋɣʋ tɔ. Mpʋɣʋlɛ pɑɑ mǝ tɑɑ wei ɩ kpɑɣɑ ɩ yoou wontu nɑ ɩ́ lǝlɩ nɑ ɩ́ mɑɣɑsɩ mǝ tɑɑ sɩ ɩ́ kɑ́ kpɑ pulɑɣɑ tǝlɛʋ. 42 Kɛnɑ Tɑcɑɑ sɩ mɑ́ heeli-mɛ sɩ: Ɩ́ tɑɑ kpɑ mǝ kolontunɑɑ tɔɔ sɩ ɩ́ yookinɑ-wɛ. Mpi tɔ, mɑ fɛɩ mǝ hɛkʋ. Ɩ́ tɑɑ yele nɑ pɛlɛ pɑ́ kʋ-mɛ. 43 Mɑɑ tɛmɑ-mɛɣɛ-tǝɣɩ heeluɣu. Amɑ ɩ́ tɑ́ ké ŋkpɑŋʋɣʋ, nɑ ɩ́ kisi Tɑcɑɑ tɔm nɑ ɩ́ kpɑ pʋɣʋ nyʋɣʋ tɑɑ tǝkɑɑ. 44 Kɛnɑ Amolii nyǝ́mɑ mpɑ ɩnɩ pɑɑ wɛ pʋɣʋ tɑɑ tǝnɑ tɔ pɑ́ lɩɩ mǝ tɔɔ, nɑ pɑ́ tʋ́ mǝ wɑɑlɩ ɩsɩɩ tɩɩŋ. Nɑ pɑ́ kʋ-mɛɣɛ pǝ kpɑɣɑʋ Ɩtɔm tɔ, hɑlǝnɑ Hoomɑ. 45 Ɩ́ kɔmɑ nɑ ɩ́ mǝlɩ nɑ ɩ́ wiinɑ Tɑcɑɑ ɩlɛnɑ, ɩ́lɛ́ ɩ kisi nɩɩʋ. 46 Mpʋ pǝ́ yelinɑ nɑ ɩ́ cɑɣɑ Kɑtɛɛsɩ-Pɑɑneyɑ nɑ pǝ́ tɑɑŋɩ sɔsɔm.


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Haɣ
Haɣ kɛ ɖiɣa taa kpɩnɛ. Kɛwɛ “Canis Lupus” pɩlɩʊ taa. Pɩlɩʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa ɖɔdɔ panaɣ kpemtɔyaɣ. Kpemtɔyaɣ ŋga ke-liɖe taa nakayɛ pitolosaa nɛ kapɩsɩ ɖɩɣa haɣ. Ɖɩnaɣ ɖɔɖɔ se “Dingo” ñaakɛ ɖɩɣa haɣ nɛ pitolosi-kɛ nɛ kaka ñasʊ kpaaŋ nɛ kasʊ ñɩtʊ. Pɩtɛkɛ sɔnɔ kɛ haɣ wɛ ɖɩɣa. Ɖooo “paléolitique” taa kɛ papaza haɣ ɖɔʊ.
Haɣ kɛna kacalaɣ ɖɩɣa kpɩnɛ nɖɩ ɛyʊ calɩ ɖɔʊ yɔ. Ɛna-kɛ palaɣkana lakʊ nɛ ŋga ɖaŋgana ɖɔɖɔɔ ɛ-ɖɩɣa yɔɔ. Pɩdɛ alɩwaatʊ taa lɛ ɛyʊ taasɩmda haɖaʊ yaa ɖɔɖɛ maamaɣ. Haɣ wɛ ntɩ nɛ kpemtɔyɔ kʊmʊlʊtaɣ , paa panɩɩzɩnɛ ɖamaa ɛzɩmaa yɔ. Panaʊ pɩtɛ tʊkaɣ yɔ pɩlaba pɩnzɩ kutokiŋ mɩnɩʊ kɔyɔ. Haɣ kpeziɣ. Kacalaɣ hasi nzɩ pɛlɛɣ ɖɔʊ yɔ, sɩ-tɛ mɔɔ wɛɛ. Mɔɔ ana alaba ɛzɩ pɩnzɩ 33 yɔ. Pʊtɔbʊʊ se haɣ wɛʊ ɛyʊ cɔlɔ yɔ pɩlaba ɛzɩ pɩnzɩ kutokiŋ hiŋ cabɩ pʊcɔ ɛyʊ paazɩ wondu lɛɛtʊ ɖɔʊ ɛ-ɖaɣ. Ɛyʊ nɛ haɣ paawɛ ɖooo canaʊ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ payaɣ se «préhistoire» yɔ tɩ-taa pʊcɔ pɔyɔɔdʊ haɖaɣ tɔm. Pɩtɛ alɩwaatʊ taa kɛ ɛyʊ paazi tɔʊ «amidon» pazɩ pazɩ nɛ tɔɔnasɩ nzɩ ɖɩnaɣ-si sɔnɔ se hayɩm taa tɔɔnasɩ yɔ. Ɖɔɖɛ nɛ haɖaʊ ŋgʊ ɛyʊ paazaa yɔ, piyebina nɛ ɛyʊ paazɩ caaʊ ɖoli kʊɖʊm. Ɛɛtasɩɣ yotu yem yem. Ɛ-tɛ ɖoli kʊɖʊm caaʊ wɛ ɛzɩ «canines» waa tɛ caaʊ yɔ. Haɣ kɛ tɛtɛ kpɩnɛ nɖɩ ɖɩwɛ ɛyʊ; wazaɣ sɩŋŋŋ yɔ. Kɛkɛ ɛyʊ ɛkpaadʊ ɖooo kioɖe tɛɛ. Kɛ-wɛɖɩɣ, ka-lakasɩ nɛ ɛzɩma kamalɩɣ nɛ ɛyʊ lɔŋ yɔ, pʊ yɔɔ kɛ paya-kɛ se «ɛyʊ ɛkpaadʊ kʊsɔɔlʊ».
Ɖɩcaɣyɛ kɩpanɖɛ nɖɩ haɣ wɛna yɔ, nɖɩ pɩzɩɣna nɛ ɖɩhaɣ ɛyʊ se ɛpɩzɩ ɛɖɔɔ mbʊ ɛsɔɔla yɔ nɛ kaalɛyɩtu nɛ kpemtɔyasɩ ɛɛcɛ-ɩ. Ɖenɖe ɛyaa sakɩyɛ kikaʊ kpɛndaa nɛ payaɣ se «Fédération cynoligique» yɔ, pɛwɛna paɣtʊ tɛtɛ wondu yɔɔ nɛ pañaŋ-tʊ ɖɔdɔ sɩŋŋŋ. Paakpɛŋgɛsʊ hasɩ, payaɣ-sɩ ɖɔdɔ nɛ ñamtʊ. Payaaʊ se anasayɩ haɣ yɔ, pɩlɩna ɖenɖe anasayi ɛnʊ ɛkacalɩ-kɛ ɖɔʊ yɔ. Ajɛya nayɩ taa lɛ pɩkɛna kɩcɛyʊ se paa weyi ɛsɔ ɛ-haɣ; Nayɛ taa lɛ, hasɩ nzɩ sɩwɛ ñaŋ yɔ, pʊwɛ se paɖɩ-sɩ kpasɩ. Ɛyʊ malasɩ haɣ nɛ pʊwɛna-kɛ kɩcɛyʊ se kaña dɩɣa taa wondu lɛɛtʊ ndʊ ɛɖɔʊ yɔ ɖeu. Kɛfɛyɩna waɖɛ wonu nakʊyʊ yɔɔ kaʊ. Pʊ yɔɔ kɛ Eerɔpʋ taa paa haɣ ŋga kɛwɛna takayaɣ ŋga kahaɣ-kɛ waɖɛ se kɛyɛlɩ yɔ. Mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, haɣ kɛ ɛyʊ ɛkpaadʊ kɩpanʊ.


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FEŊUU TILIMIYE—NĐƖ PƐKPƐLƖKƖƔ YƆ Novembre 2016
Ñʋŋ weyi ɖɩkpɛlɩkɩɣ 26 décembre 2016 nɛ piwolo 29 janvier 2017 yɔ, ɩwɛ takayaɣ kanɛ ka-taa.
Tɔm piye nɖɩ ɖɩhɛzɩɣ laŋɩyɛ siŋŋ yɔ
Tɔm piye nɖɩ Yesu labɩnɩ tʋmɩyɛ nɛ ɖɩwɛɛ ɖeu siŋŋ nɛ pɩkɩlɩ?
“Ɩkpazɩ ɖama ɖoŋ tam, paa kɩyakʋ ŋgʋ”
Ɛbɛ yɔɔ pɩcɛyaa se ɖɩkpazɩɣ lalaa ɖoŋ? Ɛzɩma Yehowa, Yesu nɛ Pɔɔlɩ pakpazɩ lalaa ɖoŋ yɔ, ɛbɛ pɩkpɛlɩkɩɣ-ɖʋ? Ɛzɩma ɖɩpɩzɩɣ nɛ ɖɩkpazɩ lalaa ɖoŋ?
Yehowa tɩŋɩɣnɩ Bibl yɔɔ nɛ ɛñɔɔzʋʋ ɛ-ɛgbɛyɛ
Yehowa kɛ Ɛsɔ weyi ɛñɔɔzʋʋ wondu camɩyɛ yɔ. Yehowa sɔɔlaa se ɛ-sɛyaa ɩwɛɛ ɛgbɛyɛ nɖɩ pɔñɔɔzɩ-ɖɩ camɩyɛ yɔ ɖɩ-taa
Bibl wɛ ñɩm siŋŋ ñɛ-ɛzɩdaa?
Alɩwaatʋ ndʋ Ɛsɔ sɛyaa ñakɩ pana se pakpaɣ Bibl taa lɔŋ tasʋʋ nɛ palabɩnɩ tʋmɩyɛ nɛ paɖʋʋ Yehowa ɛgbɛyɛ nesi yɔ, pɩlʋlʋʋ pee kɩbana.
”Tʋmɩyɛ paɣlaa”
Ŋwɛnɩ waɖɛ se ŋɖʋ ɖʋtʋ ndʋ nesi.
Yehowa lɩzɩ ɛ-samaɣ cɩkpɛndʋʋ tɛɛ
Ɛbɛ yɔɔ ɖɩtɔŋ se kpaɣnɩ pɩnzɩ mɩnʋʋ naalɛ ñɩŋgʋ taa, Ɛsɔ samaɣ sʋ Babilooni Sɔsɔʋ yomiye taa? Ɛzɩma pɩɖɔma nɛ mintʋsʋʋ paɣzɩ ñandʋʋ pazɩ pazɩ? Nɛ ɛzɩmtaa?
Ɛsɔ samaɣ lɩ cɛtɩm Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ yomiye taa
Alɩwaatʋ ndʋ taa Ɛsɔ lɩzɩ ɛ-sɛyaa Babilooni Sɔsɔʋ yomiye taa?
“Krandɩ Pretaañɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa tɔm susuyaa: Ife!”
Tɔm susuyaa taahuu Krandɩ Pretaañɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa pɩnzɩ hiu. Ɛbɛ yeba nɛ wɛtʋ ndʋ tɩlɛɣzɩ nɔɔ kʋɖʋmaɣ?


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FEŊUU TILIMIYE—NĐƖ PƐKPƐLƖKƖƔ YƆ Novembre 2017
Ñʋŋ weyi ɖɩkpɛlɩkɩɣ 25 décembre, 2017 piwolo 28 janvier 2018 yɔ ɩwɛ takayaɣ kanɛ ka-taa.
Tee hendu nɛ taa leleŋ!
Ye hendu teu samaɣ taa ɛwɛ-ŋ kaɖɛ, ɛbɛ pɩzɩɣ nɛ pɩsɩnɩ-ŋ nɛ ŋwa wɛtʋ ndʋ nɛ ŋtee samtʋ hendu Yehowa?
Yehowa ŋɖʋʋ hʋyʋʋ na?
Ðɩjɔzɩyɛ tɛtʋ ndʋ tɩɩwɛ caanaʋ taa Izrayɛɛlɩ piya alɩwaatʋ taa yɔ, tɩkpɛlɩkɩɣ-ɖʋ se Yehowa kɛ pʋtɔdɩyɛ nayʋ.
Maɣzɩnɩ Yehowa siɣsiɣ wɛtʋ nɛ ɛ-pʋtɔdɩyɛ naʋ
Ɛzɩma ɖɩjɔzɩyɛ tɛtʋ wɩlɩɣ se Yehowa kɛ pʋtɔdɩyɛ nayʋ? Tɩkpɛlɩkɩɣ-ɖʋ se lɩmaɣza wena Yehowa wɛnɩ wezuu yɔɔ? Ɛzɩma tɩwɩlɩɣ se e-siɣsiɣ wɛtʋ wayɩ fɛyɩ?
Weyi ɛkɛ kʋjɔʋ tʋ yɔ, “pakaɣ ɛ-yɔɔ wazʋʋ”
Ðɩpɩzɩɣ nɛ ɖɩlabɩnɩ tʋmɩyɛ ɖa-alɩwaatʋ nɛ ɖo-ɖoŋ nɛ wondu lɛɛtʋ nɛ ɖɩɖʋnɩ nesi Kewiyaɣ tɔm susuu tʋmɩyɛ.
Lɔ ɛjaɖɛ yɔɔ lɩmaɣza
Pɩwɛɛ se ɖa-taa paa anɩ ɛkpa ɛ-tɩ nɛ ɛyaa lɩmaɣza ɩtaawɛɛnɩ ɖoŋ ɛ-yɔɔ. Na ɛjaɖɛ yɔɔ lɩmaɣza kagbanzɩ.
Taayele nɛ nabʋyʋ ɖɩɣ-ŋ nʋmɔʋ se ŋtaamʋ kɩhɛyʋʋ
Apostoloo Pɔɔlɩ e-koobiya Krɩstʋ mba lidaʋ kɩbaŋʋ ŋgʋ pɛwɛna yɔ nɛ pɩtɛ lɛ, ɛtasɩ-wɛ lɔŋ nɛ sɔɔlɩm.
Ɛbɛ ŋpɩzɩɣ ŋla ye ŋlɛɣzɩ ɛgbɛyɛ kɩfaɖɛ?
Ye ŋlɛɣzɩ ɛgbɛyɛ yɔ, pʋtɔma pɩwɛɛ pɩkpaɣ-ŋ sɔɔndʋ. Ɛbɛ pɩzɩɣ nɛ pɩsɩnɩ-ŋ nɛ ŋmalɩnɩ ɛgbɛyɛ kɩfaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa ŋwoba yɔ ɖɩ-taa koobiya?


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Kɛdaɣ 7: Ɛyʋ Weyi Ɛɛwɛ Abalɩtʋ Yɔ
Ɛyaa wɛɛ pɔɖɔʋ ɛjaɖɛ yɔɔ mbʋ lɛ, pa-taa sakɩyɛ wɛɛ palakɩ kɩdɛkɛdɩm ɛzɩ Kayɩnɩ yɔ. Ɛlɛ nɔɔyʋ ñaawɛ ndɩ. Payaɣ-ɩ se Enɔɔkɩ. Enɔɔkɩ ɛɛwɛ abalɩtʋ. Ɛyaa mba paacɔ-ɩ pata yɔ palakaɣ kɩdɛkɛdɩm, ɛlɛ Enɔɔkɩ taayele Ɛsɔ sɔɔlɩm labʋ.
Ŋsɩm mbʋ pʋyɔɔ ɛyaa lakaɣ kɩdɛkɛdɩm alɩwaatʋ ndʋ tɩ-taa yɔ? Ŋtɔzʋʋ, Atuzi Aɖam nɛ Ɛva nɛ pɔtɔɔ tɩʋ piye nɖɩ Ɛsɔ kaatɔm se pataatɔɔ yɔ? Ɛsɔ tiyiyu kɩdɛkɛdʋ nɔɔyʋ. Bibl yaɣ-ɩ se Sataŋ. Ɛwɛɛ ɛñakɩ pana se etuzi paa weyi nɛ ɛla kɩdɛkɛdɩm.
Kɩyakʋ nakʋyʋ Yehowa Ɛsɔ tiyi Enɔɔkɩ se ewolo eheyi ɛyaa tɔm ndʋ tɩtɩkɛdɩnɩ-wɛ yɔ. Tɔm ndʋ yɔ: ‘Ɛsɔ kaɣ ɖezuu ɛyaa kɩdɛkɛdaa tɩŋa wiɖiyi.’ Pɩtaala ɛyaa mba leleŋ se panɩɩ tɔm ndʋ. Halɩ pɩtɩla pañɩnaɣ se pakʋ Enɔɔkɩ. Pɩɩpɔzaa se Enɔɔkɩ ɛwɛɛ abalɩtʋ pʋcɔ nɛ ɛpɩzɩ eheyi ɛyaa mba mbʋ Ɛsɔ ñɩnɩɣ labʋ yɔ.
Ɛsɔ taapɩzɩɣ eyele Enɔɔkɩ se ɛcaɣ wezuu pileɖi ɛyaa kɩdɛkɛdaa mba pɛ-hɛkʋ taa. Enɔɔkɩ kaacaɣ wezuu cɛɛkɛ pɩnzɩ 365 yeke na. Ɛbɛ yɔɔ ɖɩtɔŋ se “cɛɛkɛ pɩnzɩ 365 yeke na”? Mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ, alɩwaatʋ ndʋ tɩ-taa ɛyaa kaawɛ ɖoŋ pɩkɩlɩ nɛ pacakaɣ wezuu pileɖiɣ. Đɩkpaɣ ɛzɩ Enɔɔkɩ pɩyalʋ Matuusalaa yɔ, ɛɛcaɣ wezuu pɩnzɩ 969 tem!
Enɔɔkɩ sɩm wayɩ ɛyaa tɛzaɣ labʋ kɩwɛɛkɩm. Bibl tɔŋ se ‘ndʋ payɩ pamaɣzaɣ yɔ, tɩɩkɛ kɩwɛɛkɩm alɩwaatʋ kpeekpe’ nɛ ‘tɛtʋ kpeekpe yɔɔ kañatʋ kaaɖɔwa.’
Ŋsɩm mbʋ pʋyɔɔ tɩlasɩ ɩɩɖɔ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ alɩwaatʋ ndʋ tɩ-taa yɔ? Mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ, Sataŋ kaahiɣ nʋmɔʋ kɩfalʋʋ ŋgʋ kɩ-yɔɔ ɛtɩŋaɣna nɛ etuzuu ɛyaa se pala kɩwɛɛkɩm yɔ. Đɩkaɣ kɩ-tɔm yɔɔdʋʋ.
Kiɖe Tɛɛ Tɔm 5:21-24, 27; 6:5; Ebree 11:5; Yuudi 14, 15.
Tɔm Pɔzʋʋ
- Ɛbɛ yɔɔ Enɔɔkɩ ɛɛwɛ ndɩ?
- Ɛbɛ yɔɔ ɛyaa lakaɣ kɩdɛkɛdɩm sakɩyɛ Enɔɔkɩ alɩwaatʋ taa?
- Kɩdɛkɛdɩm mbʋ ɛyaa lakaɣ? (Cɔnɩ kɩlɛmʋʋ yɔɔ.)
- Ɛbɛ yɔɔ pɩɩpɔzɩ Enɔɔkɩ abalɩtʋ?
- Pɩnzɩ ɛzɩma ɛyaa cakaɣ wezuu alɩwaatʋ ndʋ tɩ-taa? Ɛlɛ pɩnzɩ ɛzɩma Enɔɔkɩ ñaacaɣ wezuu?
- Ɛbɛ labɩ Enɔɔkɩ sɩm wayɩ?
Tɔm pɔzʋʋ lɛɛtʋ
- Kalɩ Kiɖe Tɛɛ Tɔm 5:21-24, 27.
Ɛbɛ kaawɛ Yehowa nɛ Enɔɔkɩ pɛ-hɛkʋ taa? (Kiɖe 5:24)
Ɛzɩ Bibl yɔɔdʋʋ yɔ, akɩlɩ caɣʋ wezuu pileɖi? Pɩnzɩ ɛzɩma ɛɛwɛnɩ pʋcɔ nɛ ɛsɩkɩ? (Kiɖe 5:27)
- Kalɩ Kiɖe Tɛɛ Tɔm 6:5.
Lakasɩ kɩdɛkɛdɩsɩ nzɩ ɩɩwɛ Enɔɔkɩ sɩm wayɩ? Nɔɔ kʋɖʋmaɣ ŋga wɛ lakasɩ nzɩ nɛ sɔnɔ ñɩnzɩ pɛ-hɛkʋ taa? (2 Tim. 3:13)
- Kalɩ Ebree 11:5.
Enɔɔkɩ wɛtʋ kɩbandʋ ndʋ kɛdɩnɩ Ɛsɔ? Nɛ ɛbɛ lɩ-ɩ pɩ-taa? (Kiɖe 5:22)
- Kalɩ Yuudi 14, 15.
Ɛzɩma Krɩstʋ mba pɩzɩɣ pamaɣzɩnɩ Enɔɔkɩ abalɩtʋ sɔnɔ, paasusuu ɛyaa Armaagedɔɔ you tɔm lɛ? (2 Tim. 4:2; Ebr. 13:6)


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Ɛsɔ “eyele nɛ ña-lɩmaɣza tɩŋa la!”
“Ye ŋnɩɣ leleŋ [Yehowa] yɔɔ kɔyɔ, mbʋ ŋsɔɔlaa yɔ ɛlakɩ-ŋ pʋ.”—KEƔA 36:4.
HENDU: 19, 5
1. (a) Lɩmaɣza wena pɩwɛɛ se evebu yaa pɛlɛ ɛkpaɣ pɩlɩɩnɩ e-wezuu caɣʋ yɔɔ? (b) Nɛ ɛbɛ yɔɔ pɩfɛyɩ se sɔɔndʋ ɛkpa-ɩ? (Cɔnɩ kiɖe tɛɛ kɩlɛmʋʋ.)
EVEBIYA nɛ pɛlaa, pɩtʋʋ fɛyɩ se ɩnawa se pʋcɔ nɛ ɛyʋ ɖɔ nʋmɔʋ lɛ, pɩwɛɛ se ɛtɩlɩ ɖenɖe ewoki yɔ. Wezuu caɣʋ wɛ ɛzɩ nʋmɔʋ wobu yɔ, nɛ alɩwaatʋ ndʋ ɛyʋ kɛ pɩɣa evelaɣ yɔ pɩpɔzʋʋ se ɛkpaɣ lɩmaɣza wena akaɣ-ɩ wazʋʋ pʋwayɩ yɔ. Ɛlɛ lɩmaɣza kɩbana kpaɣʋ pɩzɩɣ nɛ pɩwɛɛ kaɖɛ. Payaɣ pɛlɛ nɔɔyʋ se Heather. Ɛyɔɔdaa se: “Pɩwɛ kaɖɛ se ɛyʋ ɛkpaɣ lɩmaɣza pɩlɩɩnɩ mbʋ ɛkaɣ labʋ e-wezuu caɣʋ kɩyakɩŋ kpeekpe taa yɔ pɩ-yɔɔ.” Ɛlɛ wɛɛ abalɩtʋ. Yehowa heyi ɛ-samaɣ se: “Taahʋʋ, mbʋ yɔ mɛnkɛ ñɛ-Ɛsɔ: Mankaɣ-ŋ kpazʋʋ ɖoŋ nɛ mankaɣ-ŋ sɩnʋʋ.”—Iza. 41:10.
2. Ɛzɩma ŋlaba nɛ ŋna se Yehowa sɔɔlaa se ŋkpaɣ lɩmaɣza wena ayeki se ŋhiɣ taa leleŋ cee wayɩ yɔ?
2 Evebiya nɛ pɛlaa, Yehowa sɔɔlaa se ɩkpaɣ lɩmaɣza nɛ lɛɣtʋ nɛ piiɖeni-mɩ cee wayɩ. (Ekl. 12:1; Mat. 6:20) Ɛsɔɔlaa se ɩnɩɩ leleŋ. Mbʋ ɛlɩzaa nɛ ɖɩnaɣ nɛ pɩkɛdɩɣnɩ-ɖʋ, hendu ndʋ tɩ-nɩʋ kɛdɩɣnɩ-ɖʋ nɛ tɔɔnasɩ nzɩ ɖɩnɩɣ sɩ-leleŋ yɔ, pɩtɩŋa payɩ pɩwɩlɩɣ se ɛsɔɔlaa se ɖɩnɩɩ wezuu leleŋ ɖe-wezuu caɣʋ taa. Pɩtasɩ lɛ, ɛcɔŋnɩ ɖɔ-yɔɔ nɛ ɛwɩlɩɣ-ɖʋ ɛzɩma ɖɩcaɣ wezuu nɛ piɖeni-ɖʋ yɔ. Yehowa heyi mba pekiziɣ ɛ-lɔŋ tasʋʋ yɔ se: “Mbʋ pitiɖeni-m yɔ, mbʋ ɛlɩzaa, . . . Ma-lɩmɖʋyaa kaɣ tɔɔʋ, nɛ mɩ yɔ, ɩkaɣ ñɔɔsɩ sɩbʋ; ɩna ma-lɩmɖʋyaa kaɣ ñɔʋ, nɛ mɩ yɔ, lɔkɔtʋ kaɣ-mɩ kʋʋ; ɩna ma-lɩmɖʋyaa taa kaɣ labʋ leleŋ, nɛ mɩ yɔ, fɛyɛ kaɣ-mɩ kpaʋ.” (Iza. 65:12-14) Alɩwaatʋ ndʋ Yehowa naɣ se ɛ-sɛyaa kpakɩɣ lɩmaɣza nɛ lɛɣtʋ yɔ, pɩɖʋʋ-ɩ hɩɖɛ.—Adu. 27:11.
LƖMAƔZA WENA A-KPAƔƲ KAƔ YEBU SE ŊHIƔ TAA LELEŊ YƆ
3. Lɩmaɣza wena Yehowa sɔɔlaa se ŋkpaɣ?
3 Lɩmaɣza wena Yehowa sɔɔlaa se ŋkpaɣ? Ɛlɩzɩ ɛyaa lɛ, ɛsɔɔlaa se patɩlɩ-ɩ nɛ pɛsɛɛ-ɩ nɛ pehiɣ taa leleŋ. (Keɣa 127:1; Mat. 5:3) Tʋkaɣ sɔsɔɔ ŋga kɛwɛnɩ ɛyaa nɛ kpɩna pɛ-hɛkʋ taa. Mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ kpɩna tɔkɩ, añɔʋ nɛ alʋlʋʋ piya, ɛlɛ aapɩzɩɣ nɛ asɛɛ Ɛsɔ. Pʋyɔɔ lɛ, pɩtasɩnɩ mbʋ pɩhaɣ kpɩna taa leleŋ yɔ lɛ, Ɛsɔ sɔɔlaa se ŋkpaɣ lɩmaɣza wena ayeki nɛ ŋhiɣ taa leleŋ siŋŋ ñe-wezuu caɣʋ taa yɔ. Ña-Lɩzɩyʋ kɛ ‘sɔɔlɩm tɛ Ɛsɔ’ nɛ “Ɛsɔ koboyaɣ tʋ” weyi ɛlɩzɩ ɛyaa “ɛ-lɛzʋʋ” yɔ. (2 Kɔr. 13:11; 1 Tim. 1:11; Kiɖe 1:27) Ye ŋmaɣzɩnɩ ɖɛ-Ɛsɔ sɔɔlɩm tʋ yɔ, ŋkaɣ hiɣu taa leleŋ. Pɩtɩla ña-maɣmaɣ ŋtɛm naʋ ɛzɩma mayaɣ kanɛ kɔ-tɔm kɛ toovenim tɔm siŋŋ yɔ. Kɔtɔŋ se: “Haʋ wɛ leleŋ pɩkɩlɩ mʋʋ.” (Tʋma 20:35) Pɩcɛyaa siŋŋ se ɛyʋ ɛtɩlɩ toovenim tɔm tʋnɛ e-wezuu caɣʋ taa. Pʋyɔɔ Yehowa ñɩnɩɣ se lɩmaɣza wena ŋkpakɩɣ yɔ, awɩlɩ se ŋsɔɔlɩ lalaa nɛ ŋsɔɔlɩ ɖɔɖɔ Ɛsɔ.—Kalɩ Maatiyee 22:36-39.
4, 5. Ɛbɛ kaaha Yesu taa leleŋ?
4 Yesu Krɩstʋ kɛnɩ kɩɖaʋ kɩbaŋʋ evebiya nɛ pɛlaa. Pɩtʋʋ fɛyɩ se Yesu kaakɛ pɩɣa ɛjam lɛ eleɣyaɣ. Bibl heyiɣ-ɖʋ se: ‘Alɩwaatʋ wɛɛ se pohoŋ nɛ alɩwaatʋ wɛɛ se pɛmɛyɩ.’ (Ekl. 3:4) Pɩsa nɛ taabalɩyɛ wɛɛ Yesu nɛ ɛ-Caa pɛ-hɛkʋ taa lɛ, ɛkpɛlɩkaɣ ɖɔɖɔ Masɩ. Alɩwaatʋ ndʋ ɛɛwɛnɩ pɩnzɩ 12 nɛ ewolo templo taa yɔ, ‘pɩlakaɣ Ɛsɔtɔm wɩlɩyaa piti yem nɛ lɔŋ tɔm ndʋ ecosaɣ-wɛ yɔ.’—Luka 2:42, 46, 47.
5 Yesu paɣlaa lɛ, ɛɛnɩ leleŋ e-wezuu caɣʋ taa. Ɛbɛ kaaha-ɩ taa leleŋ? Ɛɛnawa se mbʋ Ɛsɔ sɔɔlaa se ɛla yɔ pɩ-taa nabʋyʋ lɛ se ‘esusi tɔm kɩbandʋ kʋñɔndɩnaa nɛ eheyi yʋlʋmaa se pɛ-ɛsa kulaa.’ (Luka 4:18) Ɛsɔ sɔɔlɩm labʋ kaahanɩ Yesu taa leleŋ. Keɣa 39:9 yɔɔdʋʋ ɛzɩma pɩɩkɛdɩnɩ-ɩ se ɛla ɛ-Caa sɔɔlɩm yɔ pɩ-tɔm ɛzʋnɔ: “Se mala ñɔ-sɔɔlɩm; Kɩbaɣlʋ, mbʋ pɩkɛdɩnɩ-m siŋŋ lɛ lɛ.” Yesu taa kaalabɩ leleŋ se ɛsɩnɩ ɛyaa nɛ patɩlɩ ɛ-Caa. (Kalɩ Luka 10:21.) Kɩyakʋ nakʋyʋ ɛsɩnɩ halʋ nɔɔyʋ nɛ ɛtɩlɩ toovenim Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ lɛ, eheyi ɛ-wayɩ tɩŋɩyaa se: “Mɔn-tɔɔnaɣ kɔyɔ se mala weyi etiyi-m yɔ ɛ-sɔɔlɩm yɔɔ, nɛ ɛ-tʋmɩyɛ ɖeyi ɖeyi ɛzɩ paamaʋ yɔ.” (Yoh. 4:31-34) Ɛzɩma Yesu kaasɔɔlɩ Ɛsɔ nɛ ɛyaa lalaa yɔ, mbʋ haɣaɣnɩ-ɩ taa leleŋ. Ye ña ɖɔɖɔ ŋlabɩ mbʋ yɔ, ña-taa kaɣ labʋ leleŋ.
6. Ɛbɛ yɔɔ pɩwɛɣ ɖeu se ŋheyi ña-kaɖʋsɩ ɛyaa mba papɩ fezuu taa yɔ?
6 Krɩstʋ mba sakɩyɛ hiɣ taa leleŋ pe-evebitu nɛ pɛ-pɛlɛtʋ taa mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ, pakpaɣ lɩmaɣza nɛ pala nʋmɔʋ lɩzʋʋ tʋmɩyɛ. Pɩɩwɛɣ ɖeu se ŋheyi pa-taa nabɛyɛ ña-lɩmaɣza na? ‘Lɩmaɣza ɩɩɖɔŋ ɖenɖe lɔŋ pasʋʋ fɛyɩ yɔ; ɛlɛ ɖenɖe lɔŋ pasɩyaa kpaɖɩ ɖɔʋ yɔ, peeɖe lɩmaɣza kpaɣʋ ɖɔŋ camɩyɛ.’ (Adu. 15:22) Koobiya mba, pakaɣ-ŋ sɩnʋʋ nɛ ŋɖiɣzina se alɩwaatʋ tɩŋa Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ tʋmɩyɛ labʋ yeki nɛ ŋkpɛlɩkɩ lɔŋ sakɩyɛ weyi ɩkaɣ-ŋ wazʋʋ ñe-wezuu caɣʋ taa yɔ. Yesu kaakpɛlɩkɩ lɔŋ sakɩyɛ ɛ-Caa cɔlɔ alɩwaatʋ ndʋ ɛɛwɛ ɛsɔdaa yɔ, ɛlɛ Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ tʋmɩyɛ nɖɩ ɛlabɩ tɛtʋ yɔɔ yɔ, ɖiyeba nɛ ɛtasɩ lɔŋ sakɩyɛ kpɛlɩkʋʋ. Ðiyeba nɛ eɖiɣzina taa leleŋ weyi ɛyʋ hikiɣ alɩwaatʋ ndʋ esusuu tɔm kɩbandʋ nɛ etukuni ɛyaa laŋa yɔ, nɛ taa leleŋ weyi ɛyʋ hikiɣ ɖɔɖɔ alɩwaatʋ ndʋ ɛɖɔkʋʋ ɛ-cɩŋgɩlɩm wɛtʋ takɩm taa yɔ. (Kalɩ Izaayii 50:4; Ebr. 5:8; 12:2) Yele nɛ ɖɩtazɩ alɩwaatʋ tɩŋa Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ tʋma hɔɔlɩŋ weyi ɩpɩzɩɣ nɛ iyele nɛ ŋhiɣ taa leleŋ siŋŋ yɔ ɩ-taa nɩɩyɩ taa.
ƐBƐ YƆƆ KPƐLƖKƖYAA LABƲ HAƔ TAA LELEŊ?
7. Ɛbɛ yɔɔ evebiya nɛ pɛlaa sakɩyɛ sɔɔlɩ tɔm susuu tʋmɩyɛ?
7 Yesu yɔɔdaa se: “Iwolo ɩpɩsɩ ajɛɛ kpeekpe tɔm mʋyaa . . . nɛ ɩwɩlɩ-wɛ.” (Mat. 28:19, 20) Ye ŋɖʋ ña-taa se ŋsɩɣnɩ ɛyaa nɛ papɩsɩ tɔm mʋyaa yɔ, ŋlɩzɩ tʋmɩyɛ kɩbanɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩɖʋʋ Ɛsɔ hɩɖɛ nɛ ɖɩkaɣ-ŋ haʋ taa leleŋ siŋŋ yɔ. Ɛzɩ tʋma lɛɛna yɔ, pɩkpakɩɣ alɩwaatʋ pɔcɔ nɛ ŋwɛɛ niye. Koobu Timothy kaapaɣzɩ paa ɖooye nʋmɔʋ lɩzʋʋ tʋmɩyɛ alɩwaatʋ ndʋ ɛɛwɛnɩ pɩnzɩ 19 yɔ. Pitileɖi yɔ ɛyɔɔdaa se: “Mɔnsɔɔlaa se mala alɩwaatʋ tɩŋa Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ tʋmɩyɛ mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ, nʋmɔʋ ŋgʋ kɩ-yɔɔ manpɩzɩɣ mantɩŋna nɛ mawɩlɩ Yehowa se mɔnsɔɔlɩ-ɩ. Kajalaɣ taa lɛ, mantaapɩzɩɣ se manpaɣzɩ Bibl kpɛlɩkʋʋ nɛ ɛyaa, ɛlɛ mankʋyaa nɛ mɛnɖɛɛ egeetiye lɛɛɖɛ taa lɛ, fenaɣ kʋɖʋmaɣ taa manpaɣzɩ ɛyaa sakɩyɛ Bibl kpɛlɩkɩnʋʋ. Men-Bibl kpɛlɩkɩyʋ kʋɖʋm paɣzɩ kediɣzisi kɔm. Mɔnkɔm mowolo Koobiya aɖamɛɛ sukuli * fenasɩ naalɛ nɛ pɩtɛ lɛ, paɖʋ-m tʋmɩyɛ kɩfaɖɛ nɛ pɩɩha-m waɖɛ nɛ mɛwɛɛnɩ kpɛlɩkɩyaa naanza. Mɔnsɔɔlɩ ɛyaa Bibl kpɛlɩkɩnʋʋ nɛ alɩwaatʋ ndʋ manaɣ se fezuu kiɖeɖeu sɩɣnɩ-wɛ nɛ palakɩ lɛɣzɩtʋ lɛ, pɩhaɣ-m taa leleŋ siŋŋ.”—1 Tes. 2:19.
8. Ɛbɛ evebiya nɛ pɛlaa nabɛyɛ lakɩ se pawalɩsɩ pɔ-tɔm susuu tʋmɩyɛ?
8 Evebiya nɛ pɛlaa nabɛyɛ ñɛkpɛlɩkɩ kʋnʋmɩŋ lɛɛŋ. Pa-taa lɛlʋ yɔ Jacob weyi ɛwɛ Amerika hayo kiŋ yɔ. Ɛmawa se: “Maawɛnɩ pɩnzɩ 7 lɛ, mon-sukuli taa taabalaa sakɩyɛ yɔɔdaɣ Viêt Nam kʋnʋŋ. Maasɔɔlɩ kpem se mansɩnɩ-wɛ nɛ patɩlɩ Yehowa, pʋyɔɔ lɛ, malabɩ lɩmaɣza se mɛnkpɛlɩkɩɣ pa-kʋnʋŋ. Alɩwaatʋ sakɩyɛ taa lɛ, mankpakaɣ Aŋglɛɛ kʋnʋŋ taa Feŋuu Tilimiye nɛ mamaɣzɩɣnɩ Viêt Nam kʋnʋŋ taa ñɩnɖɛ. Pɩtasɩ lɛ, manɖʋ taabalɩyɛ nɛ Viêt Nam kʋnʋŋ ɛgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩɩñɔtɩnɩ-ɖʋ yɔ ɖɩ-taa koobiya. Manpaɣzɩ paa ɖooye nʋmɔʋ lɩzʋʋ tʋmɩyɛ alɩwaatʋ ndʋ maawɛnɩ pɩnzɩ 18 yɔ. Pʋwayɩ lɛ mɔnkɔɔ mowolo Koobiya aɖamɛɛ sukuli. Sɔnɔ mɛwɛ Viêt Nam kʋnʋŋ ɛgbɛyɛ cikpeɖe nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa yɔ, men-ɖeke mɛnkɛnɩnɩ ɛzʋtʋyʋ nɛ mbʋ mɛnkpɛlɩkɩ sukuli ŋgʋ kɩ-taa yɔ, pɩwɛɛ pɩsɩɣnɩ-m nʋmɔʋ lɩzʋʋ tʋmɩyɛ taa. Mantalɩɣ ɖɩsɩ taa lɛ, pɩɖɩɣzɩɣ Viêt Nam kʋnʋŋ yɔɔdɩyaa se manpɩzaa nɛ mɛnkpɛlɩkɩ pa-kʋnʋŋ nɛ pamʋʋ-ŋ camɩyɛ nɛ halɩ nabʋyʋ taa ma nɛ nabɛyɛ ɖɩpaɣzɩɣ Bibl kpɛlɩkʋʋ. Pa-taa nabɛyɛ ha pa-tɩ nɛ pamɩyɩsɩ-wɛ lɩm.”—Kpaɣ-tʋ nɛ ŋmaɣzɩnɩ Tʋma 2:7, 8.
9. Ɛzɩma tɔm susuu tʋmɩyɛ sɩɣnɩ-ɖʋ?
9 Tɔm susuu tʋmɩyɛ sɩɣnɩ ɛyʋ se ɛwɛɛnɩ wɛtʋ kɩbandʋ, ɛtɩlɩ ɛyaa yɔɔdɩnʋʋ, ɛwɛɛnɩ abalɩtʋ nɛ ɛtɩlɩ ɛyaa mʋʋ. (Adu. 21:5; 2 Tim. 2:24) Ɛlɛ tɔm susuu haɣ taa leleŋ kpem mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ, pɩsɩɣnɩ ɛyʋ nɛ ɛtɩlɩ Bibl paɣtʋ nɛ e-tisuu kpa ɖoŋ. Pɩtasɩ lɛ, pɩhaɣ-ɖʋ waɖɛ se ɖɩkɛ Yehowa sɩnɩyaa.—1 Kɔr. 3:9.
10. Ageeta wena a-taa ɛyaa tɩsɔɔlɩ tɔm kɩbandʋ welisuu yɔ, ɛzɩma ŋpɩzɩɣ ŋla nɛ ŋhiɣ taa leleŋ tɔm susuu tʋmɩyɛ taa?
10 Tɔm susuu tʋmɩyɛ pɩzɩɣ nɛ ɖɩha-ŋ taa leleŋ paa ɛyaa sakɩyɛ iiwelisiɣ tɔm kɩbandʋ ñe-egeetiye taa yɔ. Tɔm susuu tʋmɩyɛ tɩkɛ ɛyʋ kʋɖʋm tʋmɩyɛ. Ɛgbɛyɛ taa koobiya tɩŋa ñɩnɩɣnɩ laŋa kɩbana tɩnaa. Pɩpɩzɩɣ pɩla se koobu kʋɖʋm nɔɔyʋ lɩnɩ laŋɩyɛ kɩbanɖɛ tʋ nɔɔyʋ yɔɔ nɛ ɛlɛ kɔɔ ɛpɩsɩ tɔm mʋyʋ, paa mbʋ yɔ, koobiya tɩŋa ɖʋ nesi laŋa kɩbana tɩnaa ñɩnʋʋ tʋmɩyɛ nɛ pa-tɩŋa pa-taa lakɩ leleŋ nɛ weyi ɛpɩsɩ tɔm mʋyʋ yɔ. Iyele nɛ ɖɩkpaɣ koobu Brandon kɩɖaʋ. Ɛlabɩ nʋmɔʋ lɩzʋʋ tʋmɩyɛ pɩnzɩ 9, egeetiye nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa ɛyaa sakɩyɛ iiwelisiɣ tɔm kɩbandʋ yɔ. Ɛyɔɔdaa se: “Mɔnsɔɔlɩ tɔm kɩbandʋ susuu mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ, tʋmɩyɛ nɖɩ Yehowa ɖʋ-ɖʋ se ɖɩla. Mɛntɛm sukuli ca lɛ, manpaɣzɩ nʋmɔʋ lɩzʋʋ tʋmɩyɛ. Maasɔɔlɩ ɖɛ-ɛgbɛyɛ taa piya evelisi seɣtuu se sɩɖɛɣnɩ ɛsɩndaa fezuu taa, nɛ alɩwaatʋ ndʋ manaɣ-sɩ nɛ sɩlakɩ mbʋ lɛ, pɩhaɣ-m taa leleŋ. Mowobi Koobiya aɖamɛɛ sukuli nɛ pɩtɛ lɛ, paɖʋ-m nʋmɔʋ lɩzʋʋ tʋmɩyɛ kɩfaɖɛ. Toovenim taa lɛ, mba monsusi tɔm peeɖe yɔ, pa-taa nɔɔyʋ tɩɖɛɛnɩ ɛsɩndaa nɛ ɛha ɛ-tɩ nɛ pamɩyɩsɩ-ɩ lɩm, ɛlɛ koobiya lalaa ñapɩzaa nɛ pɛkpɛlɩkɩnɩ nabɛyɛ nɛ pɔkɔɔ paha pa-tɩ nɛ pamɩyɩsɩ-wɛ lɩm. Pɩkɛdɩnɩ-m se manpɩzaa nɛ mala ɖʋtʋ camɩyɛ nɛ mawalɩsɩ mɔn-tɔm susuu tʋmɩyɛ.”—Ekl. 11:6.
LƖMAƔZA WENA ŊKPAKƖƔ YƆ, LE AKAƔ-Ŋ WONUU?
11. Kewiyaɣ tʋma wena evebiya nɛ pɛlaa sakɩyɛ haɣ pa-tɩ nɛ palakɩnɩ taa leleŋ?
11 Nʋmɔŋ weyi ɩ-yɔɔ ɖɩpɩzɩɣ nɛ ɖɩtɩŋna nɛ ɖɩsɛɛ Yehowa yɔ, ɩɖɔ sakɩyɛ. Evebiya nɛ pɛlaa sakɩyɛ ha pa-tɩ faaa nɛ paɖʋʋ nesi kpaamɩŋ maʋ tʋmɩyɛ. Pɩpɔzʋʋ Kewiyaɣ kpaamɩŋ kɩfaŋ ɛzɩ mɩnɩŋ sakɩyɛ mbʋ yɔ. Ye ŋha ña-tɩ faaa nɛ ŋɖʋ nesi tʋmɩyɛ nɖɩ yɔ, pɩɖʋʋ Ɛsɔ hɩɖɛ nɛ pɩha-ŋ ɖɔɖɔ taa leleŋ. Ɛzɩ pɩwɛʋ Kewiyaɣ tʋma lɛɛna taa yɔ, ye ɖa nɛ koobiya lalaa ɖɩkpɛndɩɣ nɛ ɖɩlakɩ tʋmɩyɛ yɔ, pɩhaɣ-ɖʋ taa leleŋ. Pɩtasɩ lɛ, Kewiyaɣ Kpaamɩŋ maʋ sɩɣnɩ-ŋ nɛ ŋwɛɛnɩ wɛtʋ kɩbandʋ ɛzɩ tʋmɩyɛ labʋ nɛ kpekpeka, nɔɔ kʋɖʋmaɣ labʋ nɛ tʋmɩyɛ yɔɔ cɔnɩyaa, nɛ wɛtʋ ndʋ tiyeki se kɛgbɛdɩsaɣ ɛtaatalɩ-ŋ yɔ.
12. Wala wena nʋmɔʋ lɩzʋʋ tʋmɩyɛ pɩzɩɣ nɛ pɩha ɛyʋ?
12 Payaɣ koobu nɔɔyʋ se Kevin. Ɛyɔɔdaa se: “Maakɛ pɩɣa ɛjam lɛ, maaɖʋ man-taa se mankaɣ labʋ alɩwaatʋ tɩŋa Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ tʋmɩyɛ. Mɔnkɔm nɛ mɛwɛɛnɩ pɩnzɩ 19 lɛ, manpaɣzɩ paa ɖooye nʋmɔʋ lɩzʋʋ tʋmɩyɛ. Mankpakaɣ alɩwaatʋ natʋyʋ nɛ mansɩɣnɩ koobu nɔɔyʋ kuduyuŋ maʋ se pɩsa nɛ mɔncɔnɩ ma-kɩcɛyɩm ɖeɖe. Mɛnkpɛlɩkɩ ɖɔɖɔ kuduyuŋ lɔbʋ, mondoɖebɔŋ nɛ nɔnɔsɩ ɖʋʋ. Pʋwayɩ manɖʋ nesi ɛgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩsɩɣnɩ nɛ pamaɣ Kewiyaɣ Kpaamɩŋ nɛ koobiya ɖɩsɩ nzɩ helim sɔsɔm wɛɛkɩɣ yɔ pɩnzɩ naalɛ. Manɩwa se pɩpɔzʋʋ kuduyuŋ mayaa Afrika Hadɛ Kiŋ lɛ, mɔnpɔzɩ nɛ paha-m nʋmɔʋ nɛ mowolo. Afrika taa cɩnɛ ɖɩkpakɩɣ kpɩtaŋ cabɩ nɛ ɖɩma kpaaŋ nakʋyʋ nɛ pɩtɛ lɛ, ɖɩɖɛɛ lone lɛɛɖɛ taa. Ma nɛ mba ɖɩmaɣ Kpaamɩŋ yɔ papɩsɩ mɔ-hɔʋ taa mba. Ðɩwɛ lone kʋɖʋmɖɩyɛ taa, ɖɩkpɛndɩɣ nɛ ɖɩkpɛlɩkɩɣ Bibl nɛ ɖɩlakɩ tʋmɩyɛ nɔɔ kʋɖʋmaɣ taa. Paa kpɩtaʋ ŋgʋ lɛ, mɔnsɔɔlaa se ma nɛ egeetiye taa koobiya ɖisusuu tɔm. Lɩmaɣza wena mankpaɣ ɖooo man-pɩjatʋ taa yɔ, aha-m taa leleŋ weyi ɩ-yɔɔ mantaamaɣzɩ yɔ.”
13. Ɛbɛ yɔɔ Betɛɛlɩ tʋmɩyɛ labʋ haɣ evebiya nɛ pɛlaa taa leleŋ?
13 Mba palabɩ ɖʋtʋ se palakɩ alɩwaatʋ tɩŋa Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ tʋmɩyɛ yɔ sɔnɔ pa-taa nabɛyɛ lakɩ tʋmɩyɛ Betɛɛlɩwaa taa. Betɛɛlɩ tʋmɩyɛ labʋ haɣ taa leleŋ, mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ mbʋ payɩ palakɩ peeɖe yɔ pɩkɛ Yehowa tʋma. Betɛɛlɩ hɔʋ taa mba sɩɣna nɛ pahaɣ fezuu taa tɔɔnasɩ. Duatin lakɩ tʋmɩyɛ Betɛɛlɩ. Ɛyɔɔdaa se: “Alɩwaatʋ ndʋ maawɛnɩ pɩnzɩ nakʋ yɔ manɖʋ man-taa se mankaɣ labʋ alɩwaatʋ tɩŋa Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ tʋmɩyɛ. Nɛ mɛntɛm mon-sukuli lɛ, manpaɣzɩ paa ɖooye nʋmɔʋ lɩzʋʋ tʋmɩyɛ. Pɩlabɩ pɩnaɣ nɛ hɔɔlʋʋ lɛ, paya-m Betɛɛlɩ; nɛ peeɖe mɛnkpɛlɩkɩ takayɩsɩ labʋ menziiniwaa nɛ ordinatɛɛrɩwaa yɔɔ tʋmɩyɛ labʋ. Betɛɛlɩ tʋmɩyɛ haɣ-m taa leleŋ siŋŋ, mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ, piyeki nɛ manaɣnɩ mɛ-ɛsa ɛzɩma tɔm susuu tʋmɩyɛ wɛɛ nɛ ɖɩɖɛɣnɩ ɛsɩndaa ɛjaɖɛ kpeekpe yɔɔ yɔ. Mɔnsɔɔlɩ tʋmɩyɛ labʋ Betɛɛlɩ mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ, mbʋ payɩ ɖɩlakɩ yɔ, pɩsɩɣnɩ ɛyaa se taabalɩyɛ ɛwɛɛ pa nɛ Yehowa pɛ-hɛkʋ taa.”
ƐBƐ ŊÐƲ ÑA-TAA SE ŊKAƔ LABƲ CEE WAYƖ?
14. Ɛbɛ ŋpɩzɩɣ ŋla nɛ pɩsɩnɩ-ŋ nɛ ŋla alɩwaatʋ tɩŋa Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ tʋmɩyɛ?
14 Ɛbɛ ŋpɩzɩɣ ŋla nɛ pɩsɩnɩ-ŋ nɛ ŋla alɩwaatʋ tɩŋa Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ tʋmɩyɛ? Fezuu taa wɛtʋ kɩbandʋ pɩzɩɣna nɛ tɩsɩnɩ-ŋ nɛ ŋsɛɛ Yehowa camɩyɛ. Ye mbʋ ñakɩ pana nɛ ŋkpɛlɩkɩɣ Bibl nɛ ŋmaɣzɩɣ ndʋ ŋkpɛlɩkɩɣ yɔ tɩ-yɔɔ camɩyɛ. Maɣzɩ ɖɔɖɔ nʋmɔŋ weyi ɩ-yɔɔ ŋpɩzɩɣ ŋtɩŋna nɛ ŋwɩlɩ ñe-tisuu kediɣzisi taa yɔ. Paa ŋkɛ sukuli pɩɣa yɔ, susuu tɔm ɖoŋ ɖoŋ nɛ pɩsɩnɩ-ŋ nɛ ŋkpɛlɩkɩ lɔŋ sakɩyɛ nɛ ŋwɛɛ niye tɔm kɩbandʋ susuu taa. Kpɛlɩkɩ ɛzɩma ŋlɩzɩ sɔɔlɩm nɛ ŋwɩlɩ ɛyaa mba ŋsusuu tɔm yɔ; pɔzʋʋ-wɛ tɔm nɛ lɛɣtʋ nɛ ŋwelisiɣni-wɛ camɩyɛ. Pɩtasɩ lɛ, ŋpɩzɩɣ ŋha ña-tɩ faaa nɛ ŋla ɛgbɛyɛ taa tʋma naayɛ ɛzɩ Kewiyaɣ Kpaaŋ taa ñɔɔzʋʋ mbʋ yɔ. Yehowa sɔɔlaa se etiyi mba poluzuu pa-tɩ nɛ pɔsɔɔlaa se paha pa-tɩ faaa yɔ. (Kalɩ Izaayii 6:8; Tʋma 6:1-3) Apostoloo Pɔɔlɩ ha waɖɛ Timootee se ɛkɛ Ɛsɔtɔm tiyiyu mbʋ pʋyɔɔ koobiya “yɔɔdaɣ ɛ-yɔɔ tɔm kɩbandʋ.”—Tʋma 16:1-5.
15. Ɛbɛ pɩzɩɣ pɩsɩnɩ-ŋ nɛ ŋwɛɛnɩ tʋmɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩhaɣ-ŋ nʋmɔʋ se ŋla alɩwaatʋ tɩŋa Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ tʋmɩyɛ yɔ?
15 Pɩpɔzʋʋ alɩwaatʋ tɩŋa Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ tʋmlaɖaa se pala tomnaɣ yɔɔ tʋmɩyɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ papɩzɩ pɔcɔnɩ pa-kɩcɛyɩm ɖeɖe. (Tʋma 18:2, 3) Pɩtɩla ye ŋlabɩ sukuli pazɩ yɔ, ŋpɩzɩɣ nɛ ŋhiɣ tʋmɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩɩmʋʋ ña-alɩwaatʋ tɩŋa yɔ ñe-egeetiye taa. Ŋŋlakɩ ɖʋtʋ lɛ, pɔzɩ lɔŋ tasʋʋ ñe-egeetiye yɔɔ cɔnɩyʋ nɛ nʋmɔʋ lɩzɩyaa mba pɛwɛ ñe-egeetiye taa yɔ. Pɔzɩ nɛ pasɩnɩ-ŋ nɛ ŋtɩlɩ tʋmɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩpɩzɩɣ ɖɩsɩnɩ-ŋ nɛ ŋla nʋmɔʋ lɩzʋʋ tʋmɩyɛ yɔ. Nɛ ɛzɩ Bibl yɔɔdʋʋ yɔ, “kuli ña-tʋma yɔɔ nɛ ŋwɩlɩ [Yehowa], nɛ ña-lɩmaɣza kaɣ ɖɔm camɩyɛ.”—Adu. 16:3; 20:18.
16. Ye ŋpaɣzɩ Yehowa sɛʋ ñe-evebitu yaa ñɛ-pɛlɛtʋ taa yɔ, ɛzɩma pɩsɩɣnɩ-ŋ pʋwayɩ?
16 Taapɩtɩ kaaʋ se Yehowa sɔɔlaa se ‘ŋhiɣ’ koboyaɣ cee wayɩ. (Kalɩ 1 Timootee 6:18, 19.) Alɩwaatʋ tɩŋa Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ tʋmɩyɛ sɩɣnɩ-ŋ nɛ ŋtɩlɩ alɩwaatʋ tɩŋa Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ tʋmlaɖaa lalaa nɛ pɩsɩɣnɩ-ŋ se ŋpɩɩ fezuu taa. Koobiya sakɩyɛ kɔm pana se ɛzɩma papaɣzɩ alɩwaatʋ tɩŋa Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ tʋmɩyɛ ɖooo pe-evebitu taa yɔ pɩsɩnɩ-wɛ nɛ pehiɣ koboyaɣ pe-nesi ɖɔkʋʋ taa nɛ pɩkɩlɩ. Halɩ mba papaɣzɩ nʋmɔʋ lɩzʋʋ tʋmɩyɛ pʋcɔ nɛ pɔɖɔkɩ nesi yɔ, powobi pɩ-yɔɔ nɛ pala tʋmɩyɛ nɖɩ pe-nesi ɖɔkʋʋ wayɩ.—Roma 16:3, 4.
17, 18. Ɛbɛ yɔɔ pɩwɛɛ se lɩmaɣza wena ŋkpakɩɣ yɔ, alɩɩnɩ ña-laŋɩyɛ taa?
17 Pɩwɛɛ se lɩmaɣza wena ŋkpakɩɣ yɔ alɩɩnɩ ña-laŋɩyɛ taa. Keɣa 19:5 yɔɔdaa se Yehowa “ɛha-ŋ nɛ pɩtalɩ ña-laŋɩyɛ tamaɣ, eyele nɛ ña-lɩmaɣza tɩŋa la.” Pʋyɔɔ lɛ, maɣzɩ mbʋ ŋkaɣ labɩnʋʋ ñe-wezuu cee wayɩ yɔ pɩ-yɔɔ. Maɣzɩ ɖɔɖɔ tʋmɩyɛ nɖɩ Yehowa ɖiɣni labʋ ɖa-alɩwaatʋ tʋnɛ tɩ-taa yɔ ɖɩ-yɔɔ, nɛ ɛzɩma ŋpɩzɩɣ ŋha ña-tɩ nɛ ŋɖʋ nesi tʋmɩyɛ nɖɩ yɔ. Nɛ pʋwayɩ lɛ, ŋkpaɣ lɩmaɣza wena asɩɣnɩ-ŋ nɛ ŋla ɛ-sɔɔlɩm yɔ.
18 Alɩwaatʋ tɩŋa Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ tʋmɩyɛ kɔŋnɩ taa leleŋ siŋŋ, mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ pɩkɛnɩ wezuu caɣʋ ŋgʋ kɩɖʋʋ Ɛsɔ hɩɖɛ yɔ. Toovenim, “ye ŋnɩɣ ñe-leleŋ [Yehowa] taa kɔyɔ, mbʋ ŋsɔɔlaa yɔ, ɛlakɩ-ŋ pʋ.”—Keɣa 36:4.
^ tay. 7 Lɛɛlɛɛyɔ Kewiyaɣ tɔm susuyaa sukuli lɛɣzɩnɩ sukuli ŋgʋ ki-lone taa.


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Ɖatʊ kɔyɛ yaa Sɔbɩtʊ (Vaccination)
Sɔbɩtʊ yaa yɔɔdaɣ nakɛyɛ taa pɔɖɔŋ se ɖatʊ pɩkɛ pɩyʊʊ mbʊ pɔsɔkɩ ɛyʊ tomnaɣ taa se pɩhaɣ-kɛ ɖoŋ kʊdɔmɩŋ weyi ɛɖɛʊ yɔ ɛ-cɔlɔ. Kɔyɛ lɩm mbʊ pɔsɔkɩ ɛyʊ tomnaɣ taa, pɩkɛ mayaɣ kaɖɩnayʊ weyi ɛkʊ kʊdɔŋ yɔ nɛ ɛtʊmɩyɛ lɛ, se ɛlʊbɩna ɛyʊ tomnaɣ taa kʊdɔmɩŋ weyi ɛsʊʊ yɔ.
Ɛyʊ tomnaɣ taa kʊdɔŋ lʊbɩnayʊ ɛ-nʊ ɛ-tʊmɩyɛ kajalaɣ kɛlɛ se ɛlʊbɩna kʊdɔmɩŋ weyi ɛkaɣ sʊʊ ɛyʊ tɔnʊʊ taa se ɛhayɩ ɛjandʊʊ yɔ. Pɩtɛ alɩwaatʊ taa lɛ kʊdɔŋ kaɖɩnayʊ ɛ-nʊ ɛhaɣ ɖoŋ ɛyʊ tomnaɣ. Pʊ-nɔmɔʊ taa ɖatʊ kpɛnda naaza. Pʊdʊ weyi ɛɖɛʊ ɛlɛ, ɛfɛyɩ ɖoŋ yɔ nɛ pʊdʊ weyi ɛwɛna wezuu ɛlɛ ɛtakɩlɩ ɖoŋ yɔ nɛ ɖatʊ ndʊ tɩ-tɛ kɔyɛ fɛyɩ sɔtʊ yɔ.
Kedeŋga taa ŋgbɛɛ ndɩ ɖɩ-lʊkɩ tɔnʊʊ taa alaafiya yɔɔ yɔ, ndɩ ɖɩ-yaa se OMS yɔɔdʊʊ se ɖatʊ kɛnɛ nɔmɔʊ tobi ŋgʊ kɩɩpɔzʊʊ liidiye sakɩyɛ yɔ. Ɖatʊ kɔyɛ ndɩ ɖɩ-sɩna nɛ pakaɣ kaʊ ɛsɔ kʊdɔŋ, yee ɖɩkpaɣ ɛyaa mɩnʊʊ kɔyɔ hiŋ nakʊ nɛ nakʊ sɔnɔ avema a-nɛ a-taa kalɩkalatʊ kʊdɔŋ nɛ kʊdɔmɩŋ sakɩyɛ pasaa ɖɔɖɔ nɛ kaapɩsɩtʊ sakɩyɛ pasɩ nɛ sɩm sakɩyɛ pɩlɩna liu tɛ fayʊ kʊdɔŋ nɛ ɖɔɖɔ tetenusi kʊɖɔmɩŋ nɛ kɔŋ kɔŋ kpezuu nɛ kizim kʊdɔŋ. Pɩnaɣ 2003 yeke koŋ pɔtɔŋ se kɔyɛ ɖatʊ ɖɔna ɛyaa miiliyɔɔ naa naalɛ pɩcɛzɩ pʊyɔɔ mbʊ yɔ.
Ɖajaa Louis Pasteur nɛ ɛ-cɔlɔ tʊma laɖaa Roux nɛ Duclaux yebina se patɩlɩ ɖatʊ tʊmɩyɛ laɣsɩ pɩtɩŋna Robert Koch tʊmaa labʊ yɔ, weyi ɛtamsa ŋñɩɩ wezɩŋ kʊdɔmɩŋ nɛ kʊdɔmɩŋ maɣmaɣ yɔ. Pɩtɛ tɩlɩyɛ ndɩ ɖɩ-sɩnɛ-ɩ nɛ ɛkpaɣ ɖoŋ ɛ-tʊmaa labʊ kpɛlɛkʊʊ taa. Ɛ-tɛ kajalaɣ ɖatʊ kaakɛ heŋ tɛ kɩɖaʊ se ɛlʊbɩna aka kʊdɔŋ agozaa feznaɣ kɩyaakʊʊ kɩgbanzɩ ŋgʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 1881 taa.
Kajalaɣ ɛyʊ tɛ kɩdaʊ (ɛlɛ, Jenner tɛ ŋgʊ fɛyɩ pɩ-taa), kaakɛ piyaa cikpesi tɛ kɩɖaʊ pɩlɩna kpaŋ haɣ kʊdɔŋ pɩnaɣ 1885 kɛ hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ kɩyaakʊʊ loɖo ŋgʊ wiye. Ɛlɛ ɖɩ-tasɔɔ se ɖatʊ pewila nɛ pana nɛ pʊcɔ se pɩɩlakɩ ɛyʊ nabʊyʊ. Haɣ kpandʊ ñasa evebʊpɔɣʊ Joseph Meister (kpaŋ haɣ kʊdɔŋ kaawɛ hɛɛɛ ɛ-ñʊʊ taa).


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Pythagorus
Pythagore (Krɛsɩ kɩbɩnʊʊ kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ, ΠuθaYόpaς / Pythagóras), ɛkɛ Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ lɛɣzɩyʊ nɛ ɛtɛ ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ lɔnsɩnɖʊ pʊcɔ Socrate alɩwaatʊ. Ɛyʊ ɛnʊ palʊla-ɩ ɛzɩ pɩnzɩ 580 pʊcɔ Yeesuu Krɩstʊ alɩwaatʊ kɛ Samos, Egée teŋgʊ tɛ lɩm taa tɛtʊ kɛ hadɛ yɔɔ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ kɛ Athènes tɛtʊ taa. Palaba ɛsɩm takayaɣ kpaɣ ɛzɩ pɩnaɣ 495 pʊcɔ Yeesuu Krɩstʊ alɩwaatʊ, mbʊ lɛ ɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 85. Ɛɛkɛ lɛɣtʊ tɩlɩyʊ nɛ ɖɔɖɔ tɩlɩyɛ ɛyʊ, mbʊ wayi wayi paɣtʊ takayaɣ nakɛyɛ kɛdʊʊ.
Paasɩŋ ɛyʊ ɛnɛyɔ e-fezuu caɣʊ tɔm sakɩyɛ nɛ pɩwɛ kaɖɛ pɩŋ se patɩlɩ ɛ-tɔm ɛzɩ ɛkɛʊ Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ lɛɣzɩyʊ nɛ lɛɣtʊ tʊ nɛ lɔnsɩnɖɛ tʊ nɛ ɖɔɖɔ hama tʊ mbʊ yɔ. Wɩɖɩ ɛtama tɔ natʊyʊ kaʊ, nɛ nɩɣlɩm cɛnzɩ hiu waa lʊbɛ nɛ kʊyʊm nzɩ pɛcɛlɛ-ɩ wɛ kabʊtaɣ tɩyɛ nɛ tɩkɛ kadɩnaɣ tɔm ndʊ pɔsɔza ɛ-hɩɖɛ yɔɔ yɔ.
Pɩtɩŋna sakɩyɛ sakɩyɛ tɔmʊʊ kʊyʊmʊʊ nakʊyʊ yɔɔdʊʊ yɔɔ lɛ, putukina Pont tɛ Héraclide n ; eɛtɔŋ se tovonum lɛ, pɩwɛɛ ɛzɩ Pythagore kɛnɛ Krɛkɩ kajalaɣ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ tʊ weyi ɛtɔma ɛ-tɩ se ɛkɛ ɛyʊ lɔŋ tʊ yɔ yaa lɔnsɩnɖɛ tʊ yɔ. Cicéron tasɩ tɔm kiseɣtu pɩlɩna tɔmʊʊ kʊnɛ kɩlɩzʊʊ yɔ φιλόσoφoς (philosophos), kɩ-tɔbʊʊ se lɔŋ siŋ sɔɔlɩyaa, pɩtɩŋna Pythagore kʊyʊm ɛnʊ ɛ-yɔɔ. Pɩtɩŋna tovonum mbʊ pʊyɔɔ lɛ, pɔtɔŋ se ɛɛɛ mba payi paañɔna ɖiŋ tɩlɩyɛ tɔm paakɛ lɔŋ tɩnaa.
Palʊla pithagore kɛ Samos pɩnaɣ -569 yaa -606, ndʊ Ératosthène nɛ Diogène Laërce pɔtɔma yɔ, -590 ndʊ Jamblique ñɔtɔma yɔ, Porphre cɔlɔ lɛ, se pɩnaɣ -580 nɛ ɛsɩ -494 yaa -497 kɛ Métaponte, Itaalii ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛ-caa kɔyɔ Mnésarque, ɛɛkɛ kokowaa luɖu. E-ɖoo Parthénis, nɛ peheyuu-ɖʊ kpeɣu taa se ɛnʊ kaakɩlɩ keɖeɣa Samos halaa tɩŋnɛ payi.
Ɛ-halʊ kaahaɣ hoɣa nɛ ɛlʊlɩ-ɩ pɩɣa nakɛyɛ nɛ kɩkɩlɩ keɖeɣa nɛ lɔŋ. Kpaɣ nɛ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ nɛ ɛlɛzɩɣ ɛ-halʊ hɩɖɛ nɖɩ se Parthénis yɔ nɛ ɛya-ɩ se Pythaïs. Kɛlɛ ɛya ɛ-pɩɣa se Pythagore ΠuθaYόpaς.


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Pogotaa
Pogotaa kɛna Kolombi ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ nɛ hɔɔlʊʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ-kʊ se Kundinamarɩkaa yɔ tɩ-hɔɔlʊʊ taa ñɩndʊ sɔsɔtʊ ɖɔɖɔ. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩɩwɛɛ ɖooo lɔŋ ɛlɛ kɩyɛɛna fenaɣ looɖo pɩnaɣ 1538 kɛ mba pañɩnaɣ se pɛwɛɛna tɛtʊ kɛ Amerika yɔ pa-taa nɔɔyʊ na-tʊ. Payaɣ ñɩnɩyʊ ɛnʊ se Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada nɛ ɛkɛ Ɛsɩpaañɩ tʊ nɛ ɛcaɣ tataa kɛ pɩnzɩ 70 (1509 - 1579). Kolombii ɛjaɖɛ taa lɛ hɔɔlɩŋ sɔsɔŋ wɛ nɛɛlɛ (20) nɛ Pogotaa tɛtʊ kɛŋna ɖenɖe tɔsʊʊ, ñɩm, komina tʊma nɛ politiki tɔm kɩla cɛyʊ yɔ.
Tɛrʊ tʊnɛ tɩwɛ Kolombii ɛjaɖɛ hɛkʊ taa ɖeyi ɖeyi nɛ payawaɣ peeɖe se Pogotaa tuuye. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ nɛ hayʊ nɛ hadɛ lɛ pɩmaɣna kilomɛtanaa 33 nɛ pɩkpaɣʊ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ nɛ piwolo pɩtalɩ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ yɔ pɩwɛ kilomɛtanaa 16. Peeɖe hɔɔlʊʊ taa pʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩkɩla kʊyʊʊ yɔ kɩwɛna mɛtanaa 2 640. Mbʊ yebina nɛ Pogotaa tɛtʊ kɛna tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ natitozo ñɩndʊ kɛ keteŋa kpeekpe taa; kacalaɣ ñɩndʊ yɔ Paazɩ (Polivi) nɛ natʊlɛ ñɩndʊ lɛ Kiitoo (Ekuwatɛrɩ).
Pogotaa tɛtʊ walanzɩ landammm taa maɣna ɛkɩtaarɩwaa 177 598 ha yaa kilomɛtanaa 1 775,98. Pɩnaɣ 2013 taa pakala ɛyaa lɛ pɛkpɛnda miliyɔɔnaa 8 744 000. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ nɛ keteŋa taa ajɛya 42 taa tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ ndɩ ndɩ panɩɣna ɖama nɛ palakɩ tʊma kʊɖʊma se pɛ-tɛtʊ ewobina ɛsɩndaa. Payaɣ tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-yɔɔ cɔnɩyʊ se Gustavo Petro Urrego (2012-2015). Paatɔ caca nɛ weyi Gustavo Petro Urrego lɛɛzaa yɔ ɛlɛ payawaɣ se Antanas Mockus Šivickas.


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Tanaŋ
Tanaŋ kɛna alɩwaatʊ tɩyɩtʊ taa hɔɔlʊʊ nakʊyʊ. Tanaŋ paɣzʊʊna tɛbɩyɛ nɛ pʊkɔɔ pɩsɩɩna wɩsɩ siiɣu yaa ɛzɩ kpaɣna ɖooo hɛkʊ yaa cɩcɩka nɛ pɩsɩɩna wɩsɩ siiɣu. Nabʊyʊ taa lɛ, payaɣʊ se tanaŋ yɔ pacaɣ se pɛkɛdɩna se pɩpaɣzʊʊ yɔ pɩteleɖi, pʊyɔɔ kɛ nabʊyʊ taa pɔyɔɔdʊʊ se tanaŋ kʊnɛ nɛ pɩtɛ labʊ ɛzʊnɔɔ yaa tanaŋ kɩpaŋgʊ nakʊyʊ lɛ pañandʊʊ ɛyʊ lɛ. Tanaŋ kɩpaŋgʊ ɖɔɖɔ tɔbʊʊ pɩzʊ pɩwɛɛ se tɛbɩyɛ.
Tanaŋ pazɩɣna ɖoo cɩcɩka ñɩɣyʊ kpɛɖɛ cɛcɛyaɣ kpɛɖɛ kɛlɛm kɛlɛmnaa kpɛɖɛ pʊkɔɔ pɩsɩɩna wɩsɩ siiɣu ñɩɩtʊ hiu nɛ naalɛ cɛcɛyaɣ kpɛɖɛ kɛlɛm kɛlɛmnaa kpɛɖɛ. Kabɩyɛ paɣtʊ taa lɛ tanandɛɛ kɛ pɛsɛɣ kʊdɔntʊ paasɛɣ-ɩ ɖanaɣ. Pʊtɔbʊʊ se tanandɛɛ panaɣ se kʊdɔntʊ ɛnʊ eɖo ɛzɩma, eɖo camɩyɛna. Tanandɛɛn ɖɔɖɔ kɛ petendu ɛyʊ yaa panaɣ ɛyʊ tɔm sɔsɔtʊ natʊyʊ; mbʊ wɩlɩɣna se pɩkɩ tɔm sɔsɔtʊ.


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Fɔlɩka Pɔɔ
Fɔlɩka, yɔɔdɔɣ taa lɛ, pɩlɩɣ se vɔl.ga, Ruusi taa lɛ, Boлra nɛ tatar taa lɛ, Idel kɛ lɩm pɔɔ sɔsɔ Eerɔpʊ taa. Kɛnɛ kɛ-tɛ pɔsɩ kɩkpɛndasɩ lɛ, kenidiɣ hɔɔlɩŋ niidozo yɔ lɛ hɔɔlʊʊ kʊyʊmʊʊ mbilim Ruusi Erɔpʊ ŋgʊ. Fɔlɩka lɩna Falɩdayi piiyisi nzɩ sɩ-tɛ kʊyʊ maɣna mɛta wa 228 Mɔsɩkʋʋ nɛ Saint- Pétersbourg pɔcɔ kɛkpɛndɩ Kasɩpɩyɛnɩ teŋguu taa. Ka-nʊmɔʊ ɖala ɛzɩ kilomɛta waa 3690. Papɩzɩɣ pasaɣ mɛlɛnaa pɔɔ ŋga kaɖalakɩŋ kpeekpe yɔ pɩtɩŋna ñɔzɩtʊ ndʊ palaba sakɩyɛ kpaɣdʊ nɛɛlɛ alɩwaatʊ taa yɔ.
Fɔlɩka fɛʊʊ kitibuu walanzɩ kɛ kilomɛta 1350000 kpɛɛ ko, nɛ kɩkpeelɩɣ ɛyaa ndɩ ndɩ. Fɔlɩka kɛdɛŋga wɛ tʊma sɔsɔnaa sakɩyɛ kpaɣ kedeŋga kpeekpe you alɩwaatʊ taa Ruusi ɛjaɖɛ taa.
Fɔlɩka lɩna Falɩdayi piyisi taa nɛ Mɔsɩku nɛ hayi yɔ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa kiŋ ɛzɩ kilomɛta waa 320 nɛ Saint-Pétersbourg nɛ haɖɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa kiŋ. Kɛɖɛnɛ piyisi nzɩ sɩyɔ lɛ, katalɩ Rjev nɛ kɛɖɛnɛ hayi wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa kiŋ. Peeɖe lɛ, mɛlɛnaa cɩkpema kpakʊʊ kɩyakʊ wondu nɛ pɛyɛlɩna. Ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, kenidiɣ Tver (Kalinine kɩbɩnʊʊ) ŋgʊ kɩlɩ pɩnaɣ 1135 nɛ kɩwɛ habɩyɛ ndɩ ɖɩtamsɩna Mɔsɩku nɛ Saint-Pétersboug yɔ. Ɖooo lɔnda Krɛsɩ kɛsɩma Fɔlɩka pɔɔ nɛ payaɣ-kɛ se Rha. Ruusi cɩmɩŋ aleeya taal lɛ pasɩma Fɔlɩka nɛ hɩɖɛ ɖɩnɛ yɔ, Fɔlɩka Ɖoyo pɩlɩna kɛ-tɛ yuŋ yɔ. Kaakɛ ɖooo kpaɖɩŋ sakɩyɛ alɩwaatʊ taa Ruusi wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa kamaɣ.
Fɔlɩka fɛʊʊ wɛna tɛtɛ ñɩm ɛzɩ kanwa nɛ ɖɔm. Fɔlɩka handala fɛʊʊ nɛ ɖɔɖɔ Kasɩpɩyɛnɩ teŋguu nɔsɩ yɔ kpɛɛ wɛ ñɩm kpakpasɩ hɔɔlʊʊ taa. Lɔɔŋ kuhuyuŋ sakɩyɛ kpaɣ Mɔsɩku nɛ Don Fɔlɩka nɛ mɛlɛ nɔmɔʊ Fɔlɩka Pasalɩtɩkɩ tamsʊʊ Mɔsɩku nɛ teŋguu kʊhʊlʊmʊ nɛ Pasalɩtɩkɩ teŋguu nɛ Azov teŋgu nɛ Kasɩpɩyɛnɩ teŋgu nɛ teŋguu kɩkpɛdʊʊ. Pɩtɛ tamsʊʊ mbʊ pɩlina Fɔlɩka ngʊ kɩkɛ ñʊʊ yɔ pɩsɩna teŋguu naa kɩgbanzɩ tɛ wɛtʊ.
Kedeŋga kpeekpe you wayi lɛ, palɩzɩ kpeuu taa lɩmazɩyɛ ndɩ lɛ, ñɔzʊʊ lɩmazɩyɛ pɩnaɣ 1920 nɛ papazɩɣ-ɖɩ labʊ. Pɩlɩna nɛ pʊyɔ nɛ pama lɩm kɩkam kodoloko waa ɛzɩ hiu mbʊ yɔ Fɔlɩka pɔɔ yɔ nɛ kɛ-tɛ pɔsɩ kɩkpɛdasɩ yɔ Kama nɛ Oufa nɛ pɩpɩsɩ kujomɩŋ sɔsɔŋ weyi paɖɩ-ɩ yɔ. Pɩkpeekpe pɩpɩsɩ lɩm ɖɩvalɩyɛ mbʊ payaɣ se Fɔlɩka-kama yɔ.


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Samaɣ piyuu nakʋyʋ wɛɛ nɛ payaɣ-kʋ se « Twitter ». Twitter Inc. tʋmɩyɛ cɔŋnana samaɣ piyuu ŋ́gʋ kɩ-yɔɔ. Ɛyʋ weyi ɛlakɩna samaɣ piyuu ŋ́gʋ nɛ tʋmɩyɛ yɔ, ɛpɩzɩɣ etiyina ɛ-taabalaa tɔm ndɩ ndɩ falaa, pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se etiyina-wɛ tɔm ɛɛhɛyɩɣ paa piye. Ɛntɛrɩnɛtɩ yɔɔ lɛ, payaɣ tɔm ndʋ ɛyʋ tiyina pɩtɩŋna Twitter yɔɔ yɔ se « tweets ». Tɔm ndʋ ɛyʋ pɩzɩɣ etiyina nɛ pɩtɩŋna Twitter piyuu yɔɔ yɔ, tɩ-masɩ ɛɛɖɛɣ mɩnɩʋ nɛ hiŋ naanza yɔɔ (140)
Lakɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ nɛɛlɛ nɛ kʋɖʋmʋʋ (21), pɩnaɣ 2006 taa Twitter samaɣ piyuu ŋ́gʋ kɩlɩwa. Ɖajaanaa panɛ : Jack Dorsey nɛ Evan Williams nɛ Biz Stone nɛ Noah Glass palɩzɩna Twitter samaɣ piyuu ŋ́gʋ. Ɛlɛ, hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ taa, pɩnaɣ kʋɖʋmaɣ ŋ́ga ka-taa papaɣzɩ labɩnaʋ Twitter samaɣ piyuu ŋ́gʋ nɛ tʋmɩyɛ.
Piteleɖi nɛ Twitter samaɣ piyuu pɩsɩ kedeŋa kpeekpe hakuu ŋgʋ paa anɩ ɛhayɩɣna-kʋ yɔ. Lɛlaɣ fenaɣ ɖɩtɛnɖɛ taa, pɩnaɣ 2012 ñɩŋa taa ɛyaa miiliyɔɔ waa taŋga (500) nɛ pɩɖɛɛ pʋ-yɔɔ lakaɣna Twitter samaɣ piyuu nɛ tʋmɩyɛ.
Lakɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ kakpaanzɩ (5) ñɩŋʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 2017 taa pewilaa pana lɛ, ɛyaa miiliyɔɔ waa 313 lakaɣna Twitter samaɣ piyuu nɛ tʋmɩyɛ paa fenaɣ ŋga ka-taa. Ɛyaa ḿba, petiyina pɔ-tɔm pɩtɩŋna Twitter piyuu yɔɔ takayɩsɩ taŋga (500) paa evemiye nɖɩ ; pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se petiyina tweet waa taŋga paa evemiye nɖɩ. Papɩzɩɣ pama tɔm ndʋ petiyiɣna pɩtɩŋna Twitter samaɣ piyuu yɔɔ yɔ nɛ kʋnʋmɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ taa. Papɩzɩɣ pamana kʋnʋmɩŋ hiŋ naanza (40) taa halɩ pɩɖɛɛ pʋ-yɔɔ.
Twitter samaɣ piyuu tʋma ñʋʋ wɛ San Francisco (Etaazuunii) taa. Twitter samaɣ piyuu tʋmɩyɛ wɛna ɖɩ-tʋma lɛɛna lona atalɩ 35 nɛ pɩɖɛɛ pʋ-yɔɔ kedeŋa kpeekpe yɔɔ cɩnɛ. Kɩwɛna ɖɔɖɔ ɔrɩdinatɛɛrɩ lɛɣtʋ tʋma pilinzi New York (Etaazuunii) taa.


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Albert Einstein
Palʋla Albert Einstein lakɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ 14 n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1879 taa Ulm, Wurtemberg tɛtʋ taa Caama ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛsɩba ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ 18 n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1955 taa Princeton tɛtʋ taa, Etaazuunii ɛjaɖɛ taa. Einstein laba mbʋ payaɣ se "Fiisiki" yɔ nɛ ɛtazɩ kɩ-taa kpayɩ kpayɩ.
Ɛkɛ Caama tʋ nɛ Apatriidi tʋ pɩnaɣ 1896 taa. Pʋwayɩ lɛ, ɛla Suwisi ɛjaɖɛ takayaɣ nɛ pɩha-ɩ waɖɛ se ɛkɛ Suwiisi tʋ, pɩnaɣ 1901 taa. Pʋbʋ wayɩ lɛ, ɛla ɖɔɖɔ Helivetiki nɛ Amerika pa-ajɛya takayaɣ nɛ pɩha-ɩ ɖɔɖɔ waɖɛ se ɛkɛ a-n̄ɩnʋ, pɩnaɣ 1940 taa.


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Yemenii
Yemenii kɛna Erɔpʊ ilemiye nɛ hadɛ taa tɛtʊ natʊyʊ nɛ tɩwɛna Afrika nɛ hayʊ kiŋ. Ajɛya wena acɔ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɛ ata yɔ anaa yɔ: wɩsɩ ɖɩdʊyɛ taa lɛ teŋgu ŋgʊ payaɣ se pɔɔ kɩsɛɛmaɣ yɔ ŋgʊ tɛyɩna ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɛ Eritree nɛ Cibuutii; hadɛ kiŋ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ payaɣ-tʊ se Omanii yɔ tɩwɛna nɛ hayʊ kiŋ lɛ Arabii Saudidii piyele hadɛ yeli lɛ Somalii ɛjaɖɛ wɛna.
Pamaza ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ ɛzɩ 527 968 km2 nɛ ɖenɖe lɩm wɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe takɩlɩ ɖɔʊ. Agoza fenaɣ 22 wiye pɩnaɣ 1990 kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩmʊ ɖɩ-tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊ.
Payaɣ Yemenii ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊdʊ kɩfalʊ weyi ɛwɛna Adenii hɔɔlʊ yɔ se Abdrabbo Mansour Hadi nɛ Utii hɔɔlʊ taa-tʊ fɛyɩ nɛ weyi ɛcɔŋna peeɖe yɔ ɛlɛ yɔ Mehdi Hussein al-Machat. Hɔɔlɩŋ ɩnɛ ɩ-tɛ komina yɔɔ cɔnɩyaa kɔyɔ kɔyɔ: Ahmed ben Dagher (Adeni-tʊ) nɛUtii-tʊyɔ Abdel Aziz ben Habtour.
Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, ŋgʊ lɛ araabii. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Sanaa nɛ ndʊ tɩkɩlɩna walanzɩ ɖɔɖɔ.
Pɩnaɣ 2017 taa pakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-taa lɛ pana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 28 038 829 yɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa yee pakalɩɣ ɛyaa km2 taa kɔyɔ, panaɣ-wɛ ɛzɩ 53 yɔ.
Yee ɛyʊ ɛsɔɔlaa se ɛyaa nɔɔyʊ kɛ kaŋgalafu yɔɔ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa kɔyɔ, pɩkɛna-ɩ kɩjɛyʊʊ se ɛma +967 ɛ-tɛ kaŋgalafu kpata yɔɔ pʊcɔ ŋɛ ɛɛma pɩtɛ ɛyʊʊ kaŋgalafu nimaɣ mayaɣ. Liidiye nɖɩ pɔtɔkɩ-ɖɩ peeɖe yɔ payaɣ-ɖɩ se riyal yeeniti.


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Kenji Mizoguchi
Kenji Mizoguchi (溝口 健二, Mizoguchi Kenji) kɛ Sapɔŋ ɛjaɖɛ taa hendʊ lɩzɩyʊ, palʊla-ɩ agoza fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 16 pɩnaɣ 1898 Tokyo tɛtʊ nɛ ɛsɩ kɩyɛɛna fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 24 pɩnaɣ 1956 Kyoto tɛtʊ taa. Palʊla Mizoguchi Tōkyō tɛtʊ taa pɩnaɣ 1898. E-cejewiye paa ɛ-caa kaasɔɔlʊʊ nɛ pʊtɔcɔna-ɩ yɔ, nɛ ɛpɩsɩ kʊñɔndʊ kpem kɛ haŋga alɩwaatʊ pɩnaɣ 1904. Ɛwɛɛ Asakusa tɛtʊ taa, kʊñɔndʊ kpidikpidi Tōkyō tɛtʊ taa. Mizoguchi caa kaakɛ cafɩnta kɩbɩnʊʊ, kaawɛ ñaŋ nɛ e-ɖoo nɛ ɛ-kɔɔ ɛpɛda ɛzɩ geisha yɔ.
E-sukuli taaɖɔŋna-ɩ mbʊ lɛ, eyele nɛ ɛkpɛlɩkɩ tɔlɩm taʊ tʊmɩyɛ tɔɔla yɔɔ. Ɛcɛlɛ ɛ-tɩ mbilim tʊmɩyɛ nɖɩ nɛ ɛmʊ pɩ-tɛ takayaɣ ŋga kawɩlɩɣ se ɛkpɛlɛka tʊmɩyɛ nɛ ɛtɛ yɔ. Kɛlɛ ɛpɩsɩ tɔm kisusutu takayasɩ lɩzɩyʊ kɛ Kōbe tɔm susuu taa. Pɩnaɣ 1918 ɛsʊʊ you ŋgʊ Russi kpɛlɩ pɩsɩɣ kɔŋgaɣ kɛlɛ elesi ɛ-tʊmɩyɛ.
Ɛsʊʊ kɛlɛm kɛlɛm naa tʊmɩyɛ taa pɩnaɣ 1920 ɛzɩ ɛyʊ weyi ɛlakɩ hendu teu kuduyuu taa tʊmɩyɛ kɛ Nihhatsu nɛ ɛpɩsɩ kpɛdɛyɛ lɩzɩya sɩnɩyʊ. Pɩnaɣ 1922 alɩwaatʊ taa lɛ, ɛla ɛ-tɛ kajalaɣ kɛlɛm kɛlɛm ŋgʊ yɔ se kɩyakʊ ŋgʊ sɔlɩm pɩsɩɣ yɔ.
KPaɣ pɩnaɣ 1923 ŋkɔɔ ŋtalɩ ɛsɩm pɩnaɣ ɛla kɛlɛm kɛlɛm naa hiŋ nakʊ nɛ nanza, pada peeɖe tɔlim mba naalɛ, (wiyaʊ halʊ Yang-Kwei Fei). Ɛyʊ ɛnɛyɔ ɛ-tɛ kɛlɛm kɛlɛm naa hiŋ loɖo nɛ naalɛ leba mbʊ piyeba nɛ Mizoguchi kɛ kajalaɣ hendu lɩzɩyʊ weyi pasɩma-ɩ se ɛ-tɛ kɛlɛm kɛlɛm naa leba yɔ (pɩɩkɛ kɛlɛm kɛlɛm naa mba paayɔɔdʊʊ yɔ). Pakalɩɣ nee nɔsɩ kɛ kɛlɛm kɛlɛm naa mba paayɔɔdʊʊ yɔ.


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Akɩtɩnɩyɔm
Akɩtɩnɩyɔm kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛtɔʊʊ cɛnzɩ nɛ ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 89 nɛ yʊsaɣ ñɩŋa yɔ Ac. Ɛ-hɩɖɛ lɩna krɛkɩ kɩbɩnʊʊ kʊnʊŋ taa ἀktίς, tɛ tɛ lɛ ἀktῖvoς (aktinos), pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se cɛnzɩ hɛʊʊ tɛ, pɩwɩlɩɣ se pʊtʊ ɛnʊ ɛwɛna mʊntʊsʊʊ. André-Louis Debierne nana pʊtʊ ɛnʊ pɩnaɣ 1899 kɛtɛɖaɣ tɛtʊ naa tɛ kalɩkɔdasɩ lɩm kisidim.
Akɩtɩnɩyɔm tomnaɣ yem kɛ ñɩɣlɩm pʊtʊ kʊhʊlʊm liidiye tɩyɛ nɛ ɛwɛɛ ɖɔfɩɩ. Palɩzɩ-ɩ ʊranɩyɔm ñɩɣlɩm tɛtʊ naa taa kɛlɛ ɛɛɖɔʊʊ.
Kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ hɔɔlʊʊ taa akɩtɩnɩyɔm wɛna wɛtʊ kʊyʊmtʊ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ lantanɩ yɔ nɛ lantanɩdɩ waa lalaa yɔ, nɛ pʊwɛɛ kaɖɛ se patʊʊ ɛ nɛ pʊtʊnaa lalaa yee pohuyuu ʊranɩyɔm ñɩɣlɩm tɛtʊ kɔyɔ.
Akɩtɩnɩdɩ waa tɛ kajalaɣ pʊtʊ, akɩtɩnɩyɔm ha ɛ-hɩɖɛ lone, ɛzɩ lantanɩ haʊ ɛ-hɩɖɛ lantanɩdɩ waa yɔ. Akɩtɩnɩdɩ caɣyɛ nɛ lantanɩdɩ waa pɩtata nɛ pɩnaɣ 1928 Charles Janet lɩza lɩmaɣza keeke mbʊ ɛzɩ pɛlɛzɩ Dmitri Mendeleev caɣyɛ kpata ɖooo ɛzɩ patɩlɩɣ se lantanɩdɩ waa taa wɛ akɩtɩnɩdɩ waa yɔ. Pʊwayɩ kɛlɛ Glenn T. Seaborg tasɩ tisuu pɩyɔɔ pɩnaɣ 1945.


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Rʊtɛnɩyɔm
Rʊtɛnɩyɔm kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 44 nɛ yʊsaɣ ñɩŋa yɔ Ru. Ɛ nɛ platɩnɩ pa-ɖɩcaɣyɛ ɖoli kʊyʊm, pɩkɛ ñɩɣlɩm wondu kɩɖɛzɩtʊ tɛɛ pɩlʊʊ lɛɛkʊ. Rʊtɛnɩyɔm tomnaɣ kɛ ñɩɣlɩm wonuu ŋgʊkʊwɛ ɖoŋ nɛ kɩpɛlɩŋ yee kɩwɛ helim taa yem. Pasɩma-ɩ platɩnɩ mʊlʊm kɩkpɛdɩm taa kɛnɛ nɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkɩyʊ Carl Ernst Klaus lɩzɩ-ɩ eyeke pɩnaɣ 1844, tabalɩyɛ sɔɔlɩm taa Rusii kʊnʊŋ taa se Karl Karlovitch (Klaus) yaa Ukraine kʊnʊŋ taa se Karl Karlovic Klaus.
Rʊtɛnɩyɔm kaawɛ cazʊʊ cazʊʊ mbʊ lɛ, ɛtɛm lɩ Smithson Tennant tɛ lɩmaɣza taa pɩnaɣ 1804. Jöns Jacob Berzelius pʊtʊ ɛ-taa nɛ ɛkpɛndɩna lɛɣtʊ kɩzɩtʊ pɩlɩna tʊma yɔɔ, wena ɛzɩ patama-yɛ nɛ tovonum pɩlɩna kpɛlɩ tʊmɩyɛ tʊ Gottfried Osann yɔɔ, ɛnʊ weyi ɛɛcaɣ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ ñʊʊ yɔɔ Dorpat Esɩtoonii ɛjaɖɛ taa, weyi ɛmaɣzaɣ se ɛnʊ lɩna pʊtʊ ɛnʊ ɛ-yɔɔ pɩnaɣ 1828.
Karl Karlovitch Klaus pɩzɩna nɛ ehiɣ ɛlɩzɩ kajalaɣ ɖeɖe rʊtɛnɩyɔm ñɩɣyʊ keeke ɛzɩ kɩwɛʊ mbilim ɛlɛ pʊɖɔɔ piŋ ɖɔɖɔ. Esɩtoonii ñɩnɩyʊ ɛnʊ palʊla-ɩ Dorpat, Riusii ɛjaɖɛ taa ɛ-tɛ nɛ Caama kiŋ, ɛlakaɣ tʊmɩyɛ Kazan sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ taa lɛ, ɛdaɣnɩ takʊʊ piŋ caajaasɩ nzɩ sɩgbaɣ ɖama yɔ, yele nɛ rʊtɛnɩyɔm kpɛlɩ tɔm kpa ɖoŋ, ɛñɩɣ niye Osann kajalaɣ tʊma yɔɔ pɩlɩna pʊtʊ ɛnʊ ɛnʊ keeke ɛ-yɔɔ nɛ ɛɖɔkɩ hɩɖɛ se rʊtɛnɩyɔm, ɛlɛ ɛmaɣzɩna latɛŋ kʊnʊŋ mbʊ se Ruthenia Ruusii kɛlɛ mbʊ.
Pɩsaŋ ɖɔɖɔ se ɖɩtɔ se pʊwɛ ɛzɩ poloñe kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkɩyʊ Jędrzej Śniadecki kaalɩza-ɩ eyeke pɩnaɣ 1807 (nɛ ɛya-ɩ se vestium) pɩtɩŋna platɩnɩ ñɩɣlɩm tɛtʊ yɔɔ, ɛlɛ pata ñɩɣ nesi ɛ-tɔm ndʊ tɩ-yɔɔ kɛlɛ ekizi ɖɔɖɔ pʊtʊ ɛnʊ palɩɣ ɛ-yɔɔ tɛ waɖɛ.


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Etiyoopii
Etiyoopii kɛna ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩwɛna Afrika nɛ kɩ-hayʊ kiŋ yɔ. Etiyoopii nɛ ajɛya nayɛ pɛkpɛnda kamasɩ. Ajɛya ana yɔ: Eriitree, Soomaali, Sudaanɩ, Suudanɩ nɛ Hadɛ kiŋ, Keniya nɛ Cibuuti ɛjaɖɛ. Ɖooo ɛzɩ Eriitree mʊʊ kɩ-tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊ kɛ pɩnaɣ 1993 yɔ, Etiyoopii tatasɩ wɛnaʊ waɖɛ naɖɩyɛ kɛ teŋgu lɩm yɔɔ.
Afrika keteŋa kpeekpe yɔɔ lɛ, Etiyoopii kɛna ɛjaɖɛ naalɛ ñɩnɖɛ ndɩ ɖɩ-taa ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊʊ yɛ nɛ wena akɩlɩ walɩɣ yɔ a-taa lɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ yɔ naakʊ ñɩnɖɛ. Ɖɩ-walanzɩ taa wɛ ɛzɩ kilomɛtanaa akpagba 1 127 127 yɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ kɔyɔ Adisi-Abeeba nɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩwɛ pʊʊ sɔsɔʊ nakʊyʊ yɔɔ kɩ-kʊkʊyɩmɩŋ taa wɛ ɛzɩ mɛtenaa 2 400 yɔ. Kɛteŋa kpeekpe yɔɔ lɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩkɛna tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ ndʊ tɩkɩlɩ kʊyʊʊ yɔ tɩ-taa naanza ñɩnɖɛ.
Keteŋa kpeekpe yɔɔ lɛ, Ariimenii wayɩ lɛ Etiyoopii kɛna ɛjɛya taa nɖɩ ɖɩkɩlɩ pɩnɩɣ krɩtʊ tɔm taa yɔ. Peeɖe ɛsɔ sɛtʊ aŋgba wɛɛ nɛ aapaɖɩɣ ɖama. Ɛyaa ɛzɩ kʊɖʊm naatozo yɔɔ kɛna malɩŋ. Peeɖe ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊtʊ yɔ Ɖajaa Mulatu Teshome nɛ e-kewiyaɣ ñʊʊtʊ Ɖajaa Haile Mariam Dessalegn.


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Salɩvaadɔɔrɩ
Salɩvaadɔɔrɩ kɛna Amerika ilemiye taa tɛtʊ natʊyʊ nɛ peeɖe taa lɛ, ndʊ kɩlɩna wɛʊ ñɩɩɩ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩwɛ Amerika ilemiye taa nɛ ɖɩ-hɛkʊ nɛ hɛkʊ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩwɛna Hɔndurasɩ ɛjaɖɛ nɛ ɖɩ-wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa nɛ hadɛ kiŋ, piyele Kuwatemala ɛjaɖɛ lɛ, ɖɩwɛna ɖɩɖɩ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa nɛ ɖɩ-hadɛ kiŋ.
Pamaza Salɩvaadɔɔrɩ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ 20 742 km2 nɛ ɖenɖe lɩm wɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe takɩlɩ ɖɔʊ nɛ pɩmaɣna ɛzɩ 1,5 yɔ kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ. Amerika ilemiye taa tɛtʊ natʊyʊ nɛ peeɖe taa lɛ, ndʊ kɩlɩna wɛʊ ñɩɩɩ kɛ ajɛya lɛɛna taa ɛlɛ peeɖe kɛ ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ km2 taa nɛ patalɩɣ ɛyaa ɛzɩ 305 yɔ. Ɖooo pɩnaɣ 2014 taa pakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ pana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 6 328 196 yɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa yee pakalɩɣ ɛyaa km2 taa kɔyɔ, panaɣ-wɛ ɛzɩ 68 yɔ. Salaŋ fenaɣ 15 pɩnaɣ 1821 kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩmʊ ɖɩ-tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊ. Payaɣ Salɩvaadɔɔrɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊdʊ kɩfalʊ se Salvador Sanchez Cerén.
Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, ŋgʊ lɛ ɛsɩpaañɔɔlɩ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se San Salɩvaadɔɔrɩ nɛ ndʊ tɩkɩla walanzɩ ɖɔɖɔ. Yee ɛyʊ ɛsɔɔlaa se ɛyaa nɔɔyʊ kɛ kaŋgalafu yɔɔ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa kɔyɔ, pɩkɛna-ɩ kɩjɛyʊʊ se ɛma +503 ɛ-tɛ kaŋgalafu kpata yɔɔ pʊcɔ ŋɛ ɛɛma pɩtɛ ɛyʊʊ kaŋgalafu nimaɣ mayaɣ. Pakpazʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-kɩɖaʊ kɛdɛɛka nɛ pɛtɛ lɛ, wendu ndʊ peteɣu yɔ Augusto Coello lubina-tʊ nɛ ndʊ lɛ se ŋkɛ ɛsɔtaa mʊndʊsʊʊ nakʊyʊ.
Liidiye nɖɩ pɔtɔkɩ-ɖɩ peeɖe yɔ payaɣ-ɖɩ se Etaazuunii tɔɔlaarɩ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa abalaa kpadayɩɣʊ pɩsɩɩna ɛzɩ pɩnzɩ 72,3 yɔ nɛ halaa ñatalɩɣʊ ɛzɩ pɩnzɩ 77 yɔ. Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ ŋgba wena awɛ peeɖe yɔ anaa yɔ: Katolika mba (50 %), Protɛsɩtaŋ ( 36%), ɛyaa yem waa, pʊtɔbʊʊ se mba paasɛɣ ɛsʊɔ nɔɔyʊ yɔ patalɩ ɛzɩ ɛyaa hiu nɛ naalɛ yɔ kɛ mɩnɩuʊ yɔɔ nɛ aŋgba lɛɛna taa mba ñɛwɛ ɛzɩ ɛyaa 3 kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ.


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Sɛɣɛsǝlɑɑ pɔpɔtʋnɑɑ
1 Ɩsɔ Feesuɣu yɔɣɔtǝɣɩ ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ tǝcɛɩcɛɩ sɩ, pɩɩ kɔɔ nɑ pǝ́ tɑlɑ kɑntǝkɑɣɑ kʋyɛɛŋ tɑɑ tɔ, yǝlɑɑ lɛlɑɑ kɑ́ lɩɩ Ɩsɔ sɛɛʋ nɑ pɑ́ pɑɑsǝnɑ ɩlɔɣɔhilu tǝmɑ kʋpuɣusɛɛ, nɑ ɑlɔɣɑɑ kʋsɛɣɛsǝtʋ kɛ pɑɑ mʋ.
2 Nɑ pɑɑ yele nɑ yǝlɑɑ cɛsǝlɑɑ nɑ pɔpɔtʋnɑɑ mpɑ pɑ lǝmɑɣɑsɛɛ tɑɑ sǝpɑ ɩsɩɩ pɑ tɩɩlɑ-yɛɣɛ kɔkɔ nɑ pɑɑ tɑsǝɣɩ kʋpɑntʋ nɑtǝlǝɣɩ cɛkǝnɑʋ tɔ pɛlɛ pɑ tolisi-wɛ.
3 Yǝlɑɑ pɑnɛwɛ, pɑ sɛɣɛsǝɣǝnɑ sɩ ɑlʋ kpɑɣɑʋ fɛɩ teu, nɑ tɔɣɔnɑsɩ lɛnsǝnɑɑ tɔɣɔʋ fɛɩ teu. Anɩ Ɩsɔ nɑ́ lɑpɑ kʋtɔɣɔŋ ɩnǝɣɩ sɩ Ɩsɔ sɛɛlɑɑ nyǝmɑ́ tɑmpɑnɑ tɔ pɑ́ sɛɛ Ɩsɔ nɑ pɑ́ tɔɣɔ.
4 Pǝ tǝnɑ mpi Ɩsɔ lɑpɑ tɔ pǝ tewɑɣɑ, pǝ tɑɑ pʋlʋ fɛɩ lɔʋ. Amɑ pǝ wɛɛ sɩ pɑ́ tɔɣɔ pǝ tǝnɑ kɛ́ nɑ pɑ́ sɛɛ Ɩsɔ kɛ́ ɩ́ nɑ tǝmlɛ kɛ pǝ tɔɔ.
5 Pǝ tɑɣɑ pʋlʋ tɔɔ, Ɩsɔ Tɔm nɑ ɩ sǝlǝmʋɣʋ tɑɣɑnǝɣɩ pǝ tǝnɑɣɑ nɑ pǝ wɛɛ-ɩ teu.
Kilisiti tǝmlɛ tʋ kʋpɑŋ
6 Ye n wɛɛ nɑ ń sɛɣɛsǝɣɩ tɑ́ tɑɑpɑlɑɑ kɛ tɔmnɑɑ pɑnɛ, n tɛŋ nɑ ń lɑ́ Yesu Kilisiti tǝmlɛ tʋ kʋpɑŋ kɛ́. Nɑ pɩɩ hʋ́lɩ́ sɩ Ɩsɔsɛɛlɛ mpɑɑʋ tɔmnɑɑ nɑ tɑmpɑnɑ sɛɣɛsǝŋ wei n tǝŋɑɑ tɔɣɔ n pɩɩsǝɣǝnɑ nyɑ́ lǝsɑɣɑ.
7 Kisi sɔsɑɑ tɑɑ kpɑɩ kpɑɩ tɔmnɑɑ mpɛ, tɩɩ lɑkɩ nɑ yʋlʋ tɛ ɩ tɑɑ nɑ Ɩsɔ se. Fɑlǝsǝɣɩ nyɑ́ tɩ sɩ ń sɔɔsɩ Ɩsɔ kɛ́ nyɔɔnɑʋ kɛ teu.
8 Yʋlʋ fɑlǝsʋɣʋ ɩ tɔnʋɣʋ tɔ pǝ wɑɑsǝɣɩ te, ɩlɛ pǝ wɑɑsʋɣʋ tɑ tɔɔ kɛ́. Amɑ ye yʋlʋ fɑlǝsɑ ɩ tɩ sɩ ɩ́ nyɔɔnɑ Ɩsɔ kɛ́ teu, ɩlɛ pǝlɛ pǝ kǝlǝnɑ wɑɑsʋɣʋ kɛ pɑɑ mpi pǝ tɑɑ. Pǝ tɑɣɑ pʋlʋ tɔɔ, ɩnɩ ɩ tɔmnɑ sɩ ɩ kɑ́ hɑ-tʋɣʋ weesiŋ kɛ sɑŋɑ nɑ cele tɔtɔ.
9 Tɔm ntɩ tǝ kɛ́ tɑmpɑnɑ nyǝntʋ kɛ́ tǝkelekele, nɑ tǝ mʋnɑ pɑ́ mʋ-tɩ tǝkpem nɑ pɑ́ tɛ-tɩ nɑ tɑɑ.
10 Mpi pǝ tɔɔ tɑ́ wɛɛ nɑ tǝ́ tɔŋnɑ tǝmlɛ lɑpʋ nɑ tǝ́ lʋkɩ tɔɣɔlɛ. Pǝ tɑɣɑ pʋlʋ tɔɔ, weesuɣu tʋ Ɩsɔ wei ɩ yɑkɩ yǝlɑɑ tǝnɑ nyɔɔŋ ɩlɛnɑ pǝ́ tɩɩ kǝlǝnɑ mpɑ pɑ tɛŋɩ-ɩ nɑ pɑ tɑɑ tɔɣɔ tɑ́ tɛɛlǝɣɩ.
11 Hʋ́lɩ́-wɛ sɩ pɑ́ lɑkɩ pǝ tǝnɑ ɩsǝntɔ nɑ ń sɛɣɛsǝɣɩ-wɛ.
12 Tɑɑ yele nɑ nɔɣɔlʋ kpɛɛnɑ-ŋ sɩ n kɛ́ pǝyɑɣɑ. Amɑ wɛɛ wei Ɩsɔ sɛɛlɑɑ lɛlɑɑ kɑ́ kɛɛsǝɣǝnɑ nɑ pɑ́ lɑkɩ tɔɣɔ nyɑ́ yɔɣɔtɑɣɑ tɑɑ, nɑ nyɑ́ tɔntɛ nɑ nyɑ́ sɔɔlʋɣʋ kɛ lɛlɑɑ tɑɑ, nɑ ɩsǝnɑ n tɛmnɑ Ɩsɔ kɛ́ nyɑ́ tɑɑ nɑ nyɑ́ tǝnɑŋŋ wɛɛtʋ pǝ tɑɑ.
13 Kɑlǝɣɩ Ɩsɔ Tɔm tɑkǝlɑsɩ kɛ yǝlɑɑ tɑɑ nɑ ń lɑkɩ wɑɑsʋ nɑ ń sɛɣɛsǝɣɩ pǝ hʋwɛɛ nɑ mɑ́ kɔŋ.
14 Tɑɑ liɣilinɑ mpi Ɩsɔ Feesuɣu yelɑɑ nɑ pǝ lɑpʋ sɑɑ-ŋ tɔ, mpi pɑɑ nɑwɑ nɑ pɑ́ yɔɣɔtɩ nɑ Ɩsɔ tǝsɛɛlɛ sɔsɑɑ tǝnɩ nyɑ́ tɔɔ kɛ́ niŋ tɔ.
15 Pɑɑsǝnɑ teu nɑ ń lɑ tǝmlɛ tǝnɛ nɑ ń yoosi-tɛ. Hɑ́ nyɑ́ tǝɣɩ tǝ tɑɑ tǝkpɑtɑɑ nɑ pɑ tǝnɑ pɑ́ nɑ ɩsǝnɑ n tɔŋnɑ toŋ nyɔɔʋ tɔ.
16 Feŋiɣi nyɑ́ tɩ nɑ nyɑ́ kʋsɛɣɛsǝtʋ tɔɔ tɔtɔ. Tɔkɩ pǝ tǝnɑɣɑ ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ teu. Tɔm tɑmpɑnɑ tɔɔ, ye n lɑkɩ mpʋ, n kɑ́ yɑ nyɑ́ tɩ nyʋɣʋ nɑ nyɑ́ nɩɩntɑɑ nyǝŋ tɔtɔ.


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Rushmore Pʋʋ
Tɔm kpom yaa cee yɔɔ tɔzʋʋ takayaɣ kedeŋa kpeekpe ŋga Rushmore Pʋʋ kɛ payaɣna Englɩsɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa size Mount Rushmore National Memorial. Rushmore Pʋʋ kʋnɛ, kɩwɛna Dakota kewiyaɣ nɛ ka-hadɛ hɔɔlʋʋ taa kiŋ. Kɔn̄ɔtana tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ ndʋ payaɣtʋ Rapid City.
Pʋwɛ size ɖɩtɩlɩ size Rushmore Pʋʋ yaa piyaɣ kanɛ kɛwɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ size Etaazuunii ɖɩ-taa kɛnɛ. Pʋʋ ŋgʋ kɩkɛ sɩɣʋgbelasɩ kɩ-saɣʋsɩ yɔɔ tɔzʋʋ lone. Rushmore Pʋʋ kʋnɛ kɩwɛ putoo kaaʋ wɛtʋ. Putoo kaaʋ ŋgʋ kɩwɛ kewiyaɣ kadaɣ tɔm kpom hɛkʋ taa kɛ Etaazuunii ɛjaɖɛ taa.
Ŋgʋ ɖanɩɣna labʋ nɛ pɔtɔzʋʋ caanaʋ ɛjaɖɛ tɔm pɩnzɩ mɩnʋʋ nɛ nɩɩnɩwa (150) n̄ɩnzɩ nzɩ sɩdɛma ɖɛʋʋ yɔ. Sɩɣʋgbelasɩ kɩ-saɣʋsɩ sɩnɛ, sɩ-kʋkʋyɩmɩŋ yaa nsɩ-ɖalakɩŋ taa talɩɣ ɛzɩ, mɛtɛnaa hiu nɛ nutozo(18) mbɩ yɔ. Ɖɩɖɔkɩ size, Etaazuunii ɛjaɖɛ tɛ n̄ʋʋŋ tɩnaa yaa mba paɣca kewiyaɣ pkelaɣ yɔɔ yɔ, mba pama sɩɣʋgbelasɩ tɩyɛ pɩwɛ pɛ-ɛjaɖɛ taa peɖe. Pɩkɛna wɛ yɔɔ cee yɔɔ tɔzʋʋ wondu.
N̄ʋʋndɩnaa nabɛyɛ hɩla yɔ nɛ paɣlɩwaatʋ kewiyaɣ kpelaɣ yɔɔ:
- Ɖajaa George Washington (1732-1799)
- Ɖajaa Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826)
- Ɖajaa Theodore Roosevelt (1858-1919)
- Dajaa Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865)
Ɖajaa George Washington


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Sufɩlɛɛrɩ
Ñɩyʊ kʊtɔɔʊ yaa ñɩtʊ kʊtɔɔtʊ kɛna tɩŋ tɔɔnaɣ ŋga pahayʊ-kɛ ka-ñɩtʊ yaa ka-hatʊ yɔɔ yɔ. Ñɩtʊ kʊtɔɔʊ ndʊ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ tʊ-tɔm cɩnɛ yɔ payaɣ-tʊ se suu-hɛtʊ. Suu ñɩyʊ kʊtɔɔʊ kʊnɛ pahayʊʊ-kʊ yɔ tɩ-hatʊ yɔɔ pahayɩɣ-kʊ mbʊ pɔyɔɔ yɔ, pɩkɩlɩ ɛzɩ tɩŋ cɔka kʊtɔɔtʊ lɛɛtʊ yɔ, ñɩtʊ kʊtɔɔtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-wɛ camɩyɛ lɛfɩɩɩ nɛ lɛŋ ɖɔɖɔ pɔtɔkɩ-tʊ.
Ñɩyʊ kʊtɔɔʊ yaa ñɩtʊ kʊtɔɔtʊ yaa ɖɔɖɔ suu-hɛtʊ kaakɛ huuye kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ ɛlɛ ɖeɖe nɛ sɔnɔ yɔ huwa naatozo wɛna. Kacalaɣ ñɩndʊ ndʊ tɩɩwɛɛ yɔ, tɩɩkɛ kʊhʊlʊmɩŋ nɛ pɩwayɩ yɔ lɛɛtʊ lɩwa nɛ tʊtʊ wɛ ɛzɩ tɩŋ hɛtʊ lɩm yɔ nɛ lɛɛtʊ ñɛwɛɛ kɩsɛɛmɩŋ caʊʊʊ. Pʊcɔ nɛ papɩzɩ pɔtɔɔ suu-hɛtʊ tʊnɛ lɛ, pɩwɛɛ se pɔsɔʊ-tʊ nɛ tɩ-hɛkʊ taa piye nɖi ɖɩlɩʊ kuŋgulum yɔ ɖɩpɑɣlɩ lɛ, pɩkɛna kɩcɛyʊʊ se pɛsɛtɩ-ɖɩ pɩtɛkɛ mbʊ yɔ suu ŋgʊ kɩpɩsʊʊ tɔɔnzɩ yaa ŋgʊm. Agoza fenaɣ yaa mɩsɩkʊm fenaɣ taa kɛ pakɩlʊʊ yaa pɩwɛɛ se pahayɩ suu-hɛtʊ kʊnɛ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ kɩsɔɔla lɩm czmɩyɛ se pɩsa nɛ kɩpaɣlɩ camɩyɛ.
Tɔɔnasɩ nzɩ papɩzʊ pesidi suu taa nɛ pɩwɛɛ camɩyɛ yɔ sɩɖɔɔ nɛ sɩ-taa kɔyɔ: tɩmaatɩ, kaabʊ, karɔtɩ, kela nɛ pesidina num mbʊ ɛyʊ sɔɔlaa yɔ. Papɩzʊʊ pasɩɩ suu nɛ kileɖi. Ɛlɛ yee pɩkɛ nikaɣ ŋgbaʊ taa ɛyʊ ɛsɔɔlaa se ɛsɩɩ kɔyɔ, pɩwɛɛ se ɛhɔkɩ-kʊ anwa huyuu taa nɛ ɛzɩ ɛlɛ pɩtaakɩlɩ leɖʊʊ nɛ pʊcɔ ɛɛlɩzɩ se ɛtɔkɩ. Ɛlɛ ɛyʊ ɛfɛyɩna nikaɣ ŋgbaʊ kɔyɔ ɛpɩzʊ ɛsɩɩ ɖenɖe nɩkaɣ wɛ camɩyɛ yɔ nɛ pɩtaa wɩlɩ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, lɛŋ ɖeke pɔtɔkɩ.
Papɩzʊ pesidi paa nandʊ ndʊ, lɩm ñɩndʊ yaa kuɖoŋgutu yaa ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ kpakpasɩ kɩwɩsɩ yaa lɩm ñɩnzɩ; sɔsɔsɩ yaa cikpesi. Ɛlɛ yee pɩkɛ nandʊ ndʊ poɖoŋga yɔɔ yɔ pɩkɩlɩ ɖeu. Keteŋa kpeekpe taa pɩnzɩ 2003-2004 taa lɛ ajɛya naatozo kacalaɣ ñɩna wena a-taa pakɩla hayʊ suu yɔ ana lɛ Siini ɛjaɖɛ, nɛ pɩtɩŋ Ɛndɩ ɛjaɖɛ nɛ
naatozo ñɩnɖɛ yɔ Itaalii. Ɛlɛ yee pɔcɔna keteŋa kpeekpe taa kɔyɔ, tɔɔnɩnaa pɩsʊʊ patalɩ ɛzɩ 16 183 119 yaa 16 383 583.


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Liibaŋ kɛna Prosɩ-Oriaŋ taa ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa pʊŋ kɩlɩna wɛʊ. Liibaŋ nɛ hayʊ kiŋ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ Siirii ɛjɑɖɛ wɛna nɛ kilomɛtanaa talɩɣ ɛzɩ 376 yɔ nɛ hadɛ kiŋ lɛ,
Wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa lɛ bassin levantiŋ pɔlɔkʊ yaa fɛɛʊ nɛ kilomɛtanaa 220 kɛ pɩmaɣnaa. Ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ yɔ Beyiiruti. Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pɔyɔɔdɩɣ yɔ lɛ arabe; fransɩ ñatatasɩ kɛʊ kʊnʊŋ nakʊyʊ siŋŋŋ kɛ peeɖe, kɩcadaa. Liidiye nɖi pɔtɔkɩ yɔ lɛ libaŋ pɔɔyaɣ. Pɩnaɣ 1926 taa kɛ Liibaŋ ɛjaɖɛ ɖʊ ɖɩ-tɛ paɣtʊ takayaɣ nɛ pɩha-ɖɩ ɖɔɖɔ waɖɛ se ɖɩlɩzɩ ɖɩ-ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊtʊ nɛ minisiriwaa kediizaɣ.
Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-paɣtʊ yɔɔdɩɣ se pʊwɛɛ se pɩkɛna kɩcɛyʊʊ ɖɩ-ñʊʊtʊ ɛkɛna krɩstʊ-tʊ nɛ paɣtʊ lɩzɩyaa lɩzɩɣna-ɩ nɛ pʊwɛɛ se ɛyaa naalɛ kɛ naatozo ɛlɩzɩna-ɩ; ɛlɛkɩ pɩnzɩ looɖo. Ɖooo agoza fenaɣ 25 pɩnaɣ 2014, Liibaŋ tatɩɩlɩzɩta ɖɩ-ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊtʊ.


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Baalɛɛnɩ
"Baalɛɛnɩ" kɛ kpakpayaɣ sɔsɔɔ nakɛyɛ.
Tɔmpiye "Baalɛɛnɩ" lɩna Laatɛɛ kʋnʋŋ taa. Kʋnʋŋ ŋgʋ kɩ-taa lɛ, payaɣ se ballaena yaa ballena yaa ɖɔɖɔ se balaena. Laatɛɛ tɔmpiye ɖɩnɛ, ɖɩnɩɣzɩna Krɛɛkɩ tɔmpiye phalaina pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se mbʋ puhuu yɔ. Krɛɛkɩ nɛ Rooma n̄ɩma pɔ-cɔzɔnaa tɔma se baalɛɛnɩ kɛ lɩm tɛɛ kɩpnɛ nɖɩ ɖɩwɛna hʋzɩŋ yɔ.
Ŋgʋ lɩm tɛɛ kpakpasɩ lɛɛsɩ fɛyɩna hʋzɩŋ. Fransɩɩ n̄ɔtɔŋ se, pɩkɛ lɩm tɛɛ kpakpayaɣ n̄azɩ n̄azʋʋ ŋga pɔyɔɔdɩ kɔ-tɔm Ɛsɔtɔm takayaɣ taa se kiliba Yoonaasɩ nɛ ɛlɛ caɣ ko-lotu taa kɩyakɩŋ naatozo yɔ. Paya n̄azɩ n̄azʋʋ ŋgʋ se kpakpayaɣ, ɛlɛ, toovenum lɛ, paakpakɩɣ-kʋ se kɩkɛ kpakpayaɣ siŋŋ.


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1 1 Yesu Krisita doho nala rɛ nyɛ. Ʋ naabaa rɛ gyɩ yaa Deviti, Deviti mɛ naabaa yaa Abɩraham. 2 Abɩraham nɛ gyɩ lʋl Azɩkɩ. Azɩkɩ mɛ sii lʋl Gyeekɔbɩ. Gyeekɔbɩ mɛ sii lʋl Gyuda abee ʋ naabiisi. 3 Gyuda mɛ sii lʋl Pɛrɛsɩ abee Zɛra. (Ba nɩɩna feŋ nɛ gyɩ yaa Tama.) Pɛrɛsɩ mɛ bɩl sii lʋl Hɛzʋrɔŋ. Hɛzʋrɔŋ mɛ sii lʋl Rami. 4 Rami mɛ sii lʋl Amiinadabu. Amiinadabu mɛ sii lʋl Naasuŋ. Naasuŋ mɛ sii lʋl Salmɔŋ. 5 Salmɔŋ mɛ sii lʋl Buwasi. (Buwasi nɩɩna feŋ nɛ gyɩ yaa Reehabɩ.) Buwasi mɛ sii lʋl Obɛdɩ. (Obɛdɩ nɩɩna feŋ nɛ gyɩ yaa Rufu.) Obɛdɩ mɛ sii lʋl Gyesi. 6 Gyesi mɛ sii lʋl kuwori Deviti. Deviti mɛ sii lʋl Solomɔn. (Solomɔn nɩɩna rɛ fa yaa Yuriya haaŋ hʋ ʋ aa sʋba ka Deviti laa kpa). 7 Solomɔn mɛ sii lʋl Rehobʋwam. Rehobʋwam mɛ sii lʋl Abigya. Abigya mɛ sii lʋl Asa. 8 Asa mɛ sii lʋl Gyihosafati. Gyihosafati mɛ sii lʋl Gyɔram. Gyɔram mɛ sii lʋl Yuzaya. 9 Yuzaya mɛ sii lʋl Gyotam. Gyotam mɛ sii lʋl Ahazɩ. Ahazɩ mɛ sii lʋl Hezikaya. 10 Hezikaya mɛ sii lʋl Manaasi. Manaasi mɛ sii lʋl Amɔn. Amɔn mɛ sii lʋl Gyosaya. 11 Gyosaya mɛ sii lʋl Gyekonaya abee ʋ naabiisi. Saŋa no tɩyaŋ nɛ ba kasɩ Iziral tɩmma mʋ Baabilɔŋ paalʋʋ. 12 Ba gyɩ aa kasɩ Iziral tɩmma mʋ Baabilɔŋ paalʋʋ hal tɩyaŋ nɛ, Gyekonaya lʋl Siyatiil, Siyatiil mɛ sii lʋl Zerubabɛl. 13 Zerubabɛl mɛ sii lʋl Abiyudi. Abiyudi mɛ sii lʋl Ɛliyakim. Ɛliyakim mɛ sii lʋl Azɔ. 14 Azɔ mɛ sii lʋl Zadɔkɩ. Zadɔkɩ mɛ sii lʋl Akimu. Akimu mɛ sii lʋl Ɛliyudu. 15 Ɛliyudu mɛ sii lʋl Ɛliyeza. Ɛliyeza mɛ sii lʋl Maataŋ. Maataŋ mɛ bɩl sii lʋl Gyeekɔbɩ. 16 Gyeekɔbɩ mɛ rɛ yaŋ sii lʋl Gyosɛfʋ. Gyosɛfʋ mɛ sii kpa Mɛɛrɩ, nal hʋ aa lʋl Yesu, ba kɩ yɩrɩ Krisita, laataal hʋ Wɩɩsɩ aa lɩya. 17 A piili Abɩraham a mʋ pele kuwori Deviti, Yesu Krisita naaba-doho fa yaa fi abee banaa rɛ. A yaŋ bɩl piili bee kuwori Deviti a mʋ kɩ pele saŋa hʋ ba aa kasɩ Iziral tɩmma mʋ Baabilɔŋ paalʋʋ hʋ, Yesu naaba-doho gyɩ yaa fi abee banaa rɛ. A bɩl lɩɩ haŋ saŋa hʋ mɛ a mʋ pele saŋa hʋ ba aa lʋl Krisita, laataal hʋ Wɩɩsɩ aa lɩya, ʋ naaba-doho gyɩ yaa fi abee banaa rɛ. 18 Nyɛ rɛ Yesu Krisita lʋlɩɩ naasɩ tɩŋa: Ʋ naa Mɛɛrɩ abee Gyosɛfʋ gyɩ wee nyʋwa rɛ anɩɩ ba sɩ yal dɔmɔŋ. Amɛ ba ha gyɩ bɩ yal dɔmɔŋ, aŋka Wɩɩsɩ Wiyesi Welii hʋ dee leŋ Mɛɛrɩ kaŋ luwol. 19 Gyosɛfʋ gyɩ yaa tɩpʋlʋŋ tɩɩna rɛ. Ɛɛ wɩya ʋ gyɩ bee kyɛ dɩ ʋ we Mɛɛrɩ hɩɩsɩ gyamaa tɩyaŋ, aŋ gyɩ kɩ kyɛ dɩ ʋ lʋwɔlɩ vɩya ʋ. 20 Ʋ gyɩ aa bɩɩnɩ gɛɛ tɩyaŋ nɛ, malɩka ko ʋ lee duwoso tɩyaŋ a basɩ tɩya ʋ a baa, "Gyosɛfʋ, Kuwori Deviti doho nal, ta leŋ dɩ kambɩŋ kana ɩ, ɩ aa sɩ kpa Mɛɛrɩ a yaa ɩ haaŋ, beewɩya Wɩɩsɩ Wiyesi Welii hʋ dee rɛ tɩŋ ʋ kaŋ biye no luwol. 21 Ʋ sɩ lʋl boyoŋbiye, dɩ ɩ we ʋ feŋ Yesu. Feŋ hʋ memii rɛ yaa Laataal, beewɩya ʋ rɛ sɩ laa ʋ nala ta ba wɩbɔmɔ tɩyaŋ." 22 Wɩya no buloŋ gyɩ yaa rɛ dɩ wɩya hʋ á Tɩɩna Wɩɩsɩ gyɩ aa tɩŋ ʋ tɩŋdaal kɩdɩgɩ tɩyaŋ basɩ ko su ba bʋʋsɩ. Ʋ gyɩ tɩŋ ʋ tɩŋdaal no tɩyaŋ nɛ a baa, 23 "Hatoluu kɩdɩgɩ ha aa bɩ gyɩŋ baal sɩ kaŋ luwol a lʋl boyoŋbiye dɩ ba kana ʋ kɩ yɩrɩ Imanuwɛl." (Feŋ hʋ memii rɛ yaa "Wɩɩsɩ we á lee.") 24 Gyosɛfʋ aa sii doo sɩya tɩyaŋ, ʋ gyɩ yaa gɛɛ hʋ malɩka hʋ aa basɩ tɩya ʋ rɛ, a gyɩ kpa Mɛɛrɩ mʋ ʋ dɩya a yaa ʋ haaŋ. 25 Amɛ ʋ beel-ʋ ha gyɩ bɩ gyɩŋ dɔmɔŋ anɩɩ baal bee haaŋ aŋka Mɛɛrɩ lʋl boyoŋbiye. Nyɛ rɛ Gyosɛfʋ we biye hʋ feŋ Yesu.
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Benjamin Britten
Palʊla Edward Benjamin Britten kɛ kamɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 22 wiye pɩnaɣ 1913 kɛ Suffolk, Kewiyaɣ kɩkpɛndaɣ taa nɛ ɛsɩ ɛjaɖɛ kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa saŋgayɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ naanza ñɩŋgʊ pɩnaɣ 1976 ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 63. Ɛ-tʊma sɔsɔna yɔ: wendu luɖu yaa tɩ-mayʊ, soo maɖa ɖɩcaɣyɛ ñʊʊdʊ nɛ piyano maɖʊ.
Ɛna Peter Pears pakɩlɩna labʊʊ tʊma nɛ paha-ɩ samtʊ nima ndɩ ndɩ nɛ a-taa kɔyɔ: Ordre du Mérite, Ordre des compagnons d'honneur, Prix Ernst-von-Siemens. Priitaniki taa lɛ, Edward Benjamin Britten kɛŋna wendu luɖu yaa tɩ-mayʊ kɛ Kewiyaɣ kɩkpɛndaɣ taa kpaɣna Henry Purcell nɛ pɩsɩɩna sɔnɔ; ɛlɛ Georg Friedrich Haendel fɛyɩ pɩ-taa. Ɛ-caa kɛ ɖakʊta nɛ ɛlakɩ tʊmɩyɛ mba pɔcɔŋna kela kʊdɔmɩŋ yɔɔ yɔ.
Ɛwɛɛ mbʊ lɛ ɛtaasɔɔlɩ sɛ ɛ-pɩyalʊ Benjamin Britten ewelesuu radiyo yaa saawʊɖɛ ñɩɣyʊʊ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ ɛɛsɔɔla pɩŋŋŋ se Benjamin etee hendu. Pɩla mbʊ lɛ e-ɖoo ñaakɛ hendu teyu sɔsɔ nɔɔyʊ nɛ ɛkpɛlɛkʊ-ɩ piyano maɖʊ mabʊ pɩnzɩ kagbaanzɩ taa nɛ pɩnzɩ nzɩ sɩ-taa kɛ ɛlɩza ɛ-kacalaɣ tataɣ. Pʊwayɩ lɛ sukuli taa ɛtasɩ-kʊ kpɛlɛkʊ pɩnaɩ 8 taa.


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Gɩ tɩ sala ʊŋono AKIME Awalɩ, a lee anii kǝbaja bʊŋono Sʊwɛɖ kaatǝna nɩ ma. Gɩ wa na nɩ mpá mbʊmbɔnɔ nɖee ba na yɩɖa wàà, Stɔkhɔlǝm ma.
Gɩ yɔ atǝbawor ma, ʊrɔŋ ɩ tɩ lee bʊja bʊnʊn. Katam ɖe nɩ, gɩ jeɖe nɩ agafala nɩ na gɩ lee ʊwalʊ ʊjala naa atʊr abʊpa ɩjala anii kagɩkrǝ nɩ.
Gakoloŋ a lee gasana páá, n’atʊ gboo gɩ lee gasana páá, ama gɩ ŋǝ atǝbawor ŋkǝlǝ́ nɖee gɩ wa alepree agarǝgǝɖu Stɔkhɔlǝm ŋkǝŋ ma. Ɩ san n’atʊ gɩ wa na nɩ ma. Gɩ lee faawɩɩ asoŋsono ɖaa atɩgɩkrǝ gɩ ce ŋyɩɩ ma. Bʊlifʊbafʊbaka bʊ cǝm páá.
Ɩ san na nɩ a ŋǝ abʊpa ɩfɔlɩ tuutuuma atɩgɩkrǝ nɩ ma, n’a shɩ abʊpa ɩŋunii kpaarɩ. A taa fâŋa abʊpa ɖe anii kǝbaja basaaka ba ɖa ŋkǝŋ ma.
GʊGʊ kaŋkulo n tɩ sala nɩ n’ʊciŋkǝrka. Ɩ lee ʊshilé afɔlɩ !


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Ɛkɩzisitaɣsɩ (existence)
Fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ, tɔmbiye ɛkɩzisitaɣsɩ «existence» tɔbʊʊ lɩzʊʊ caɣ kaɖɛ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ. Kabɩyɛ taa lɛ, ɖɩ-tɔbʊʊ kɛlɛ se wɛʊ yaa wezuu caɣʊ. Tɔmbiye nɖɩ ɖɩ-tɔbʊʊ wɛ ndɩ ndɩ fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa. Nabʊyʊ taa lɛ, tɔmbiye «existence» nɛ fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa tɔbʊʊ kɛlɛ se ɛyʊ wɛʊ wezuu yɔ. Nabʊyʊ taa ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, ɖɩ-tɔbʊʊ se ɛyʊ cakʊʊ nɛ pileɖiɣ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ kedeŋa yɔɔ cɩnɛ yɔ, halɩ wezuu caɣʊ kɔɔ pɩlɩɩ-ɩ sɔŋ.
Lɛɣtʊ piliŋa nakɛyɛ wɛɛ nɛ payaɣ piliŋa ŋga se metafiiziki (métaphysique). Lɛɣtʊ piliŋa ŋga kɔyɔɔdʊʊ se fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa tɔmbiye «existence» nɛ tɔmbiye «Essence» patɩlɩɣ ɖama.
Toovenum lɛ, tɔmbiye ɛkɩzisitaɣsɩ nɛ fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa lɩna latɛŋ kʊnʊŋ taa. Laatɛɛ kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ, payaɣ se «existere» yaa «exis-tance», pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se ɛyʊ wɛʊ hɔɔlʊʊ nɛ e-keem yɔ yaa se ɛyʊ wɛʊ wondu cɔlɔ yɔ. Tɔmbiye «existence» nɛ fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa tɔbʊʊ lɩzʊʊ pʊnɛ pʊwɩlɩɣ se ɛyʊ ɖeke cakɩna wezuu. Wondu kɩlɩzɩtʊ lɛɛtʊ wɛ kɩwɛʊ yem. Tɔm tʊnɛ, ɖajaanaa panɛ Jean-Paul Sartre nɛ Martin Heidegger nɛ Emmanuel Lévinas pɔkaɖɩna-tʊ. Ɖajaa Heidegger yɔɔdaa se ɛyʊ ɖeke koŋ caɣna wezuu, wondu kɩlɩzɩtʊ lɛɛtʊ nɛ kpɩna ndɩ ndɩ wɛ kɩwɛʊ yem, patacaɣ wezuu.


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Aŋŋwana
Aŋŋwana pɩsa-ɖʊ mbʊ pɩwazɩɣ-ɖʊ paa ɖooye yɔ. Mbʊ palakɩna aŋŋwanaa mba yɔ patasa-pʊ naʊ pʊɖɔɔ. Pʊcɔ nɛ polubu-wɛ lɛ, pakpakɩɣ mbʊ polukina yɔ, polimɛɛrɩ, nɛ pañaɣzɩ nɛ piyoli nɛ palɩzɩ mbʊ pɔzɔɔlaa yɔ.
Papɩzɩɣ pakpaɣ polimɛɛrɩ ŋgʊ cɩŋgɩlɩm yaa ŋgʊ kizida ya nɛ polubina aŋŋwanaa yaa wondu ndʊ palakina aŋŋwanaa mba yɔ. Sɔnɔ taa mbʊ yɔ poluba wondu sakɩyɛ nɛ aŋŋwanaa nɛ pɩwazɩɣ ɛzɩ mbʊ pɩdaakʊ ɛyʊ yaa pɩdaŋgɩ se paa ɛyʊ ɛtɔlaa lɛ pɩtaanɩ-ɩ yɔ.
Ñɩiɩtʊ natʊyʊ wɛɛ nɛ tikotuu yem yaa tɩwɛɛ ɛzɩ aŋŋwanaa yɔ ɛlɛ pɩtɛkɛ mbʊ. Ɖooo lɛ pɔlɔwaɣ aŋŋwanaa mba pɛwɛɛkaa yɔ ɛlɛ sɔnɔ mbʊ yɔ paɖaɣnɩɣ-wɛɛ kpaɣʊ nɛ polubina wondu kɩfatʊ. Aŋŋwanaa lubiyaa hikuu pa-tɩ sɩŋŋŋ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ paykɩ nɛ pawazɩɣ ɖɔɖɔ paa le.


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Vladimir Poutine
Vladimir Vladimirovitch Poutine kɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ size Ruusii yɔ ɖɩ-tɛtʋ taa pɩɣa yaa Ruusii ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa tʋ. Ɛkɛ abalʋ lɔŋ tʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ siŋŋ kɛ Ruusii ɛjaɖɛ taa peeɖe. Ɛwɛ n̄amtʋ ɛ-tabalaa cɔlɔ nɛ ɛ-caanaa nɛ ɛ-ɖɩcaɣyɛ taa mba cɔlɔ tɩna ɛsɩndaa payɩ. Ɛkɛ pɩɣa ŋga kɛwɛna maɣzɩm siŋŋ yɔ.
Palʋla Vladimir Poutine kɛ Aloma fenaɣ taa kɛ evemiye yaa kɩyakʋ lʋbɛ (7) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye kɛ pɩnaɣ 1952 n̄ɩŋga taa. Egeetiye nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa palʋla-ɩ yɔ, nɖɩ-ɩ payaɣ size Léningrad egeetiye. Ɖajaa sɔsɔ Vladimir Poutine ɛnɛ, ɛkɛ abalʋ. Abalʋ weyi ɛkɛ politiki tʋmɩyɛ laɖʋ sɔsɔ kpim kpim nɔɔyʋ yɔ.
Vladimir Poutine kɛ Ruusii ɛjaɖɛ kewiyaɣ taa tʋmɩyɛ laɖʋ. Samaɣ yaa sakɩyɛ sɩmaŋ mbʋ size pɩtasɩɩna-ɩ politiki labʋ nɛ cɔʋʋ yem, ɛlɛ ɛlakɩ tʋmɩyɛ ɖɔɖɔ kewiyaɣ taa Ruusii ɛjaɖɛ mʋndʋsʋʋ wobinaʋ nɛ ɛsɩnda. Ɖajaa Vladimir Poutine kɛ, Ruusii kewiyaɣ n̄ʋʋ tʋ yaa kewiyaɣ ninɖiu sɔsɔ kɛ pɩnaɣ 1999 n̄ɩŋga pɩkɔɔ pɩsɩɩna pɩnaɣ 2000 n̄ɩŋga.
Ɛɖɔka kewiyaɣ tʋmɩyɛ ɖɩnɛ camɩyɛ nɛ taaleleŋ. Pɩyɔɔ yɔɔ patasa-ɩ lɩzʋʋ kewiyaɣ ŋga ka-n̄ʋʋ tʋ kɛ pɩnaɣ 2008 pɩkɔɔ pɩsɩɩna pɩnaɣ 2012 n̄ɩŋga taa. Ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ, ajɛɛ kpɛndʋ yaa yozuu n̄ʋʋ tʋ kɛ Ruusii ɛjaɖɛ taa peeɖe kɛ alɩwaatʋ ndʋ paaɖɔŋga n̄ɔzʋʋ size palɩzɩ ɖɔkʋyʋʋ kɩfalʋʋ kewiyaɣ ŋgbɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa siŋŋ yɔ. Ɛnʋ kaacana se pɩcɔ, palɩzɩ kɩfalʋ.
Pɩɩkɛ pɩnaɣ 1999 n̄ɩŋga nɛ pɩɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩ pɩnaɣ 2000 n̄ɩŋga taa. Kewiyaɣ taa mba caɣ yaa laba kedizaɣ lɛ, palɩzɩ size ɛkɛ ajɛɛ kpɛndʋ yaa yozuu n̄ʋʋ tʋ Ruusii ɛjaɖɛ taa peeɖe kɛ pɩnaɣ 2000 n̄ɩŋga pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩ pɩnaɣ 2008 n̄ɩŋga nɛ e-kewiitu sɩna-ɩ pɩnaɣ 2012 n̄ɩŋga.
Ɖajaa sɔsɔ Vladimirovitch Poutine kɛ ŋgbɛ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ size K.G.B yɔ ɖɩ-taa tʋmɩyɛ laɖʋ ɖɔɖɔ.
Ɖajaa sɔsɔ lɔŋ tʋ nɛ politiki tʋ Vladimir Poutine ɛnɛ, ɛ-caa payaɣ size Spiridonovitch Poutine (1911-1999). Vladimir Poutine ɖoo payaɣ size Maria Ivanovna Poutina (1911-1998).


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Armenii
Armenii kɛna hɔɔ ŋgʊ payaɣ-kʊ se Kokaazɩ Cikpeluu nɛ kɩwɛ EEraazii yɔ kɩ-taa ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɛ ɖɩ-wɩsɩ ɖɩ-ɖʊyɛ taa lɛ, Turkii ɛjaɖɛ wɛna; hayʊ kiŋ lɛ, Zɔɔrzii; wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ, Azɛrbayɩjanɩ piyele nɛ hadɛkiŋ lɛ, Iiraŋ ɛjɛɖɛ wɛna. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩwɛ Azii keteŋga taa ɛlɛ yee pɔcɔna ɖɩ-tɛ poliotiki tɔm, ɖɩ-ɛsa kuliye tɔm, ɖɩ-caanaʊ tɔm payɩ k;poyɔ, ɛyʊ naɣ se ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩwɛ Erɔpʊ keteŋga taa.
Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ papɩzɩʊ pɔtɔ se peeɖe kɛ krɩstʊ tɔm ñɔɔ yɔ. Ɖɩwɛ keteŋga kpeekpe aŋgba nɛ taabalɩyɛ kagaŋ sakɩyɛ taa. Aŋgba ana yaa kɩgaŋ ɩnʊ ɩ-taa kɔyɔ: ONU, Erɔpʊ tɛ Lɔŋpaasɩyɛ ŋgbɛɛ, Ajɛya wena awɛ a-tɩyɔɔ yɔ a-tɛ taabalɩyɛ ŋgbɛyɛ.
Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-walanzɩ taa maɣna ɛzɩ 29 743 km2 ɛlɛ ɖenɖe lɩm wɛɛ yɔ peeɖe ɖeke talɩʊ ɛzɩ 4,7 km2. Kɔlaɣ fenaɣ 2016 taa pakala ɛyaa kɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa lɛ, pɛkpɛnda 2 998 600. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛtʊ sɔsɔ payaɣ se Erevaŋ nɛ liidiya nɖɩ pɔtɔkjɩ-ɖɩ peeɖe yɔ payaɣ-ɖɩ seTram. Kʊnʊmɩŋ weyi pɔyɔɔdɩɣ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlɩʊj sukulinaa taa yɔ, ɩnʊʊ lɛ Erevŋ nɛ Armenii.
Salaŋ fenaɣ 21 pɩnaɣ 1991 kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩmʊ ɖɩ-tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊ nɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-ñʊʊdʊ kɩfalʊ weyi palɩza-ɩ ɖooo pɩnaɣ 2008 yɔ, ɛnʊʊ payaɣ se Serge Sargian nɛ komina yɔɔ cɔnɩyʊ (pɩnaɣ 2016) payaɣ se Karen Karapetian. Paɣtʊ lɩzɩyaa kpɛnda ɛyaa 131.


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Rɛɛzɔɔ (raison)
You nakʊyʊ ɛlaba ɛyaa naalɛ hɛkʊ taa kɔyɔ, pañɩnɩɣ nɛ pana se pa-taa lɛ, aca lɛlʊ tɔm. Yee mbʊ pʊwɛɛ se ɛyaa naalɛ yaa naadozo pacakɩ nɛ pɔyɔɔdɩ-tʊ nɛ pana se aca lɛlʊ tɔm. Weyi ɛca tɔm yɔ, pɔtɔŋ se ɛ-tɔm sɩba. Piyele weyi paca-ɩ tɔm yɔ, pɔtɔ se ɛlɛ tɔm ɖewa. Pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se ɛwɛna toovenum. Ɛwɛna toovenum tɔbʊʊ se ɛtɛwɛɛkɩ pʊyʊ. Mbʊʊ payaɣna fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa se «raison». Ɛlɛ, pɔtɔŋʊʊ se ɛyʊ wɛna toovenum yɔ, pʊwɛ hɔɔlɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ taa. Ɛyʊ pɩzɩɣ ɛwɛɛna toovenum tɔm hʊʊ taa. Pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se ɛ nɛ nɔɔyʊ pɛ-hɛkʊ taa tɔm natʊyʊ ɛwɛɛ nɛ payaa ɖama awiya tɛ nɛ awiya hʊʊ-tʊ nɛ pana se pɩtɛkɛ ɛnʊ cana tɔm kɔyɔ, pɔtɔŋ se ɛ-tɔm tasɩ, se ɛwɛna toovenum ɛzɩ ɖɩtɛm kɛdɩɣ nɛ pɩɖɛɛ yɔ. Ɛyʊ pɩzɩɣ ɖɔɖɔ ɛwɛɛna toovenum ɛ-lakasɩ nasɩyɛ taa. Ɖɩkpaɣ ɛzɩ ɛyʊ nɔɔyʊ ɖu hɛñʊŋ nɛ lɛlʊ heŋ woki nɛ ekuluu. Nɛ weyi pukuluu ɛ-hɛñʊŋ yɔ, ewolo eheyi weyi ɛlɛ tɩna heŋ weyi ekuluu hɛñʊŋ mbʊ yɔ se ɛkpa e-heŋ se ikuluu ɛ-hɛñʊŋ. Yee heŋ tʊ ɛtakpa e-heŋ nɛ heŋ ɛnʊ ɛwɛɛ iwoki nɛ ikuluu lɛlʊ hɛñʊŋ mbʊ nɛ pʊwɩzɩ ɛlɛ nɛ ɛkʊ heŋ ɛnʊ ɛ-taa nɔɔyʊ yaa paa ɛɛtɩkʊ ɛ-taa heŋ naalɛ yaa paa ɩɩɖɛ naalɛ yɔɔ kɔyɔ, ɛyaa tɔŋ se ɛwɛna toovenum. Mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, ewoba nabʊlɛ nabudozo nɛ eheyi weyi ɛtɩna heŋ yɔ se ɛkpa e-heŋ se ikuluu ɛ-hɛñʊŋ nɛ ɛlɛ paatɛwɛɛ. Ŋgʊ sɔsaa tuu eduye se «Paasuu nandʊ kpou». Eduye nɖɩ ɖɩ-tɔbʊʊ kɛlɛ se tɔɔnaɣ tɩna ɛyʊ wezuu, pɩtɛkɛ nandʊ. Pɔtɔkɩ nandʊ laɣzaɣ, paatɔkɩ-tʊ haɣnaɣ. Ɛlɛ, payaʊ se «raison» nɛ fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa yɔ, pʊwɛ ndɩ nɛ toovenum mbʊ pʊ-tɔm ɖɩyɔɔdʊʊ yɔ. Mbʊ paya fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa se «raison» yɔ, pɩkɛ ɛyʊ fɩtɩyɩm taa pʊyʊ nɔɔyʊ. Pʊdʊ ɛnʊ eyekina nɛ ɛyʊ pɩzɩɣ ɛwɛɛna maɣzɩm kɩban. Ɛyʊ fɩtɩyɩm taa pʊdʊ ɛnʊ eyekina nɛ ɛyʊ pɩzɩɣ ɛtɩlɩɣ kɩbandʊ nɛ kɩdɛkɛdɩm. Pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se pʊdʊ ɛnʊ ɛlakɩna nɛ ɛyʊ tɩlɩɣ se malaba pʊnɛ, pʊwɛ ɖeu, malaba pʊnɛ pɩfɛyɩ ɖeu. Ɛyʊ fɩtɩyɩm taa pʊdʊ ɛnʊ ɖɔɖɔ eyekina nɛ ɛyʊ wɛɣna maɣzɩm kɩban nɛ ɛhʊʊ tɔm ɖeu yaa ɛhʊʊ tɔm siɣsiɣ. Mbʊ paya fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa se «raison» yɔ, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se ɛyʊ fɩtɩyɩm taa pʊdʊ ɛnʊ, ɛnʊ yekina nɛ ɛyʊ pɩzɩɛ tɩlɩ kedeŋa lɔŋ nɩɩyɛ. Pʊdʊ ɛnʊ ɛlakɩna nɛ ɛyʊ pɩzɩɣ eluki yaa ɛlɩzɩɣ pʊyʊ kɩfam nabʊyʊ. Halɩ ɛyaa mba pɔtɔŋ se pa-ñʊŋ taa cɔwa yɔ, petelesi fɩtɩyɩm taa pʊdʊ ɛnʊ. Pʊ-nʊmɔʊ taa Fransɩɩ ñɩma tuu eduye se «Weyi payaɣ se kpaazɩyʊ yɔ, ɛkɛ weyi elesi pɩtɩŋa payɩ, ɛlɛ, etelesi fɩtɩyɩm taa pʊdʊ ɛnʊ yɔ».


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Asɛyʊʊ
Asɛyʋʋ (Catastrophe)
N̄ʋʋzɩkɩyɛ payaɣ ɖɔɖɔ size azɛyʋʋ. Tɔm piye azɛyʋʋ kɛna mbʋ pɩwɩlɩɣ kaŋŋ size azɛyʋʋ laba yaa n̄ʋʋzɩkɩyɛ naɖɩyɛ laba nɛ pʋyʋ wɛɛkɩ yɔ. Azɛyʋʋ yaa n̄ʋʋzɩkɩyɛ ɛlaba ca kɔyɔ, pʋyʋ kɩwɛɛkɩm lɩɣ. Azɛyʋʋ kɛna pʋyʋ kiɖi n̄ɩm lakasɩ kɩwɩzɩsɩ nasɩyɛ. Azɛyʋʋ tɛkɛ pʋyʋ yaa lakasɩ kɩbanzɩ. Azɛyʋʋ nakʋyʋ leɖiɣ, nakʋyʋ ñɛwɛɛ tobi.
Ñʋʋzɩkɩyɛ lakasɩ lɩɣna ɛyʋ lakasɩ cɔlɔ.
Azɛyʋʋ nakʋyʋ ɛlaba yɔ, wondu sakɩyɛ leki,Nabʋyʋ taa ɖɔɖɔ ɛyaa sakɩyɛ lesiɣ pe-weziŋ.
Azɛyʋʋ nakʋyʋ ɛlaba hɔɔlʋʋ nakʋyʋ taa kɔyɔ, putukuuna samaɣ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ. Ɖooo lɛ, azɛyʋʋ nakʋyʋ ɛlaba hɔɔlʋʋ nakʋyʋ taa kɔyɔ, hɔɔlɩŋ lɛɛŋ taa samaɣ seɣ lɔŋ nɛ powolo pasɩna samaɣ ŋga azɛyʋʋ talɩ-kɛ yɔ. Azɛyʋʋ sɔsɔʋ nakʋyʋ ɛlaba hɔɔlʋʋ nakʋyʋ taa kɔyɔ, raadiyoonaa taa ɛyʋ nɩɣ-tʋ. Paɖʋ-tʋ ɖɔɖɔ ɛntɛɛrɩnɛtɩ yɔɔ. Pawɩlɩ ɖɔɖɔ azɛyʋʋ-kʋ televiziyɔɔnaa taa.
Azɛyʋʋ ɖɔɖɔ payaɣ se kɛkpɛdɛzaɣ sɔsaɣ. Haba yɔɔ azɛyʋʋ ndɩ ndɩ kɩlɩɣ labʋ pɩlɩɩna habɩyɛ yɔɔ ɖɔnɛ paɣtʋ kɩɩñamtʋ cɔlɔ.


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Ŋgbam
Ngbam wɛ sʊnzʊma tiiye taa nɛ payaɣ-pʊ ɖɔɖɔ se kɛɛmasɩ kʊlʊmsɩ. Ɛyaa kaatɛma maɣzɩɣ ɖooo lɔŋ taa se ngbam wɛ izɔptɛɛrɩ pɩlɩʊ taa nɛ pɩlɩɣ kʊnɛ kɩ-taa kekelikelasɩ tiiɣwa talɩɣ ɛzɩ 281 yɔ nɛ sɩwɛ ndɩ ndɩ nɛ hɔɔlɩŋ ɛnʊ ɛlɛ pɩzɩɣ ɛtalɩ ɛzɩ 2 600 yɔ.
Ŋgbam nabʊyʊ wɛɛ nɛ pɩwɛna keŋ nɛ payaɣ-se aceendan, lɛɛbʊ payaɣ se tiye, hʊʊ wɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ ngbam kɛna kekelikelasi nzɩ sɩɖɔŋ com com yɔ nɛ sɩɖɔnɛ taa lɛ sɩɩɖɔŋ yem yem, siisidiɣ ɖama, sɩɖɔŋ ɖɔndɩyɛ yɔɔ.
Ŋgbam kɛna kekelikelaɣ ŋga kakɩlɩɣ caɣʊ hʊla yɔɔ nɛ nemeɣsi tɛɛ yɔ. Pʊsɔɔla ñɩtʊ nɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩwɛ fʊʊyɛɛɛ yɔ. Ngbam sɔɔlɩ wɛʊ ajɛya wena a-taa soŋgaɣ wɛɛ yɔ. Kekelikelasi nzɩ sɩ-taa nasɩyɛ kɛ mɔsɔŋwaa, mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ sɩmaɣ tɛtʊ pempempem nɛ sɩwɛɛ tɩ-taa. Sɩ-kʊdʊyʊʊ ɛnʊ payaɣ-ɩ se kpanɛ yaa ɖɩkpɛnɖɛ.
Ŋgbam ɛɛhaɣ alɩwaatʊ kɛ kuduyiŋ weyi pamana kpongbolonaa yaa tɩŋ yɔ mbʊ pɔyɔɔ yɔ pɩpɩzɩɣ pʊsʊʊ pɩtaa nɛ nɛ pɩwɛɛ tɔɔʊ yɔɔ nɛ fenasɩ cabɩ taa mbʊ yɔ kuduyuu ɖaba.


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Madakasɩkarɩ
Madakasɩkarɩ kɛna tɛtʊ ñabɩ ndʊ lɩm cɔ-tu nɛ pɩta yɔ.Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩwɛna Afririka nɛ hadɛ kiŋ. Keteŋa kpeekpe taa lɛ tɛtʊ ñabɩ ndʊ lɩm cɔ-tʊ nɛ pɩta yɔ tɩ-taa lɛ, Madakasɩkarɩ kɛna kagbanzɩ ndʊ malanzɩ taa. Kacalaɣ ñɩndʊ yɔ Ositiralii, pʊwayɩ lɛ Kurowelandɩ, Papuwazi-Kiinee-Kɩfalʊʊ nɛ Pɔrɩnewo.
Ɛjaɖɩ nɖɩ ɖɩ-walanzɩ taa maɣna 590 000 km2 nɛ kɩ-ɖalakiŋ taa lɛ kilomɛtanaa 1 580, kɩ-tobuu taa lɛ kilomɛtanaa 580. Tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ hɩɖɛ kɔyɔ Antananariivo n; liidiye nɖɩ pɔtɔkɩ yɔ nɖɩ lɛ ariyari. Tɛtʊ ñabɩ ntʊyʊ cɔ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɛ ata. Ana yɔ: Morisi, Seyisɛɛlɩ, Komɔɔrɩ nɛ Rewiniyɔɔ. Pɛtɛyɩ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ tam looɖo taa: Antananariivo yaa tananariivi, Antisiranana yaa Tɩyɛɛgo-Suyarɛzɩ, Fiyanarantiswa, Mahazaŋga yaa Mazʊŋga, Tuwamasina yaa Tamatavɩ nɛ Toliyara yaa Tuleyarɩ.
Malɩkaasɩ kɛna pa-kʊnʊŋ. Ɛyaa ɛzɩ nɛɛlɛ kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ yɔɔdɩɣna fransɩ. Madakasɩkari tɛtʊ ñʊʊtʊ yɔ Hery Rajaonarimampianina.


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Nɔɔrɩvɛɛzɩ
Nɔɔrɩvɛɛzɩ kɛna Eerɔpɩ nɛ hayɩ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ ɖɩwɛna Sɩkandiinavɩ tɛtʊ nzʊlɩmɩyɛ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ hɔɔlʊʊ. Ajɛya wena ɖɩnɛ-yɛ pɛkpɛnda kamasɩ yɔ ana yɔ: Sʊyɛdɩ, Fɛɛlandɩ nɛ Ruusii. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩwalanzɩ taa wɛ 385 199 km2 nɛ ɖenɖe tɛtʊ wɛ ñabɩ yɔ pɩmakɩɣna ɛzɩ 307 860 km2.
Ɖɩ-ɛyaa kpɛnda miliyɔɔwaa kagbanzɩ kɛ saŋgayɩŋ fenaɣ 2015. Erɔpɩ kpeekpe taa lɛ Isilandɩ taa kɛ ɛyaa takɩlɩ ɖɔʊ kilomɛta yɔɔ pɩtɩŋna Nɔɔrɩvɛɛzɩ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Osɩloo nɛ kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pɔyɔɔdɩɣ komina taa yɔ ŋgʊ lɛ nɔɔrɩveezɩyɛɛ pɩyele liidiya kɔyɔ Nɔɔkɩ.
Keteŋa kpekpe you naalɛ ŋgʊ tɛma lɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩpazɩ ɖɩhɩʊ ɖɩ-tɩ nɛ tɔsʊʊ nɛ ɛsɩndaa wobu pazɩ pɩɖɛɛ; nɛ ɛsɩndaa kpem. Sɔnɔ taa mbʊ yɔ Nɔɔrɩvɛɛzɩ wɛ keteŋa kpeekpe taa ajɛya wena akɩlɩ ñɩm yɔ a-taa. Ɛjaɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-ñɩm pʊnɛ pɩlɩna tɛtɛɛ ñɩm mbʊ palɩ pʊyɔɔ yɔ pɩkɩlɩna kaɖazɩm nɛ helimaɣ ŋga kɛwɛ ɛsɔtaa yɔ payaɣ-kɛ se kaazɩ yɔ.
Ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa kɛ temokirasii kɩlɩ wɛʊ keteŋa kpeekp ajɛya taa. Ɛjaɖɛ ndɩ ɖɔɖɔ ɖɩ-taa kɛ laŋhɛzɩyɛ kɩlɩ wɛʊ keteŋa kpeekpe taa ɖɔɖɔ. Nɔɔrɩvɛɛzɩ wɛ ajɛya wena acaɣ nɛ alɩzɩ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se OTAN ŋgbɛyɛ yɔ.


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Cɔlɩyɛ
Cɔlɩyɛ, krɛkɩ kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ λoYιkή / logikê, ɖɩkɛ tɔmpiye nɖɩ ɖɩlɩna λόYoς / lógos nɛ ɖɩ-tɔbʊʊ se tovonum, yɔɔdaɣ nɛ hʊhɩyɛ pɩkɛ kajalaɣ taa lɛ, yɔɔdaɣ kpɛlɛkɩtʊ, tɔm ndʊ tɩmɩna yɔ ndʊ tɩwɛ ɖeu paɣtʊ kpeekpe ɛsɩndaa yɔ. Tɔmpiye nɖɩ Xénocrate kaalɛɣna-ɖɩ labɩnaʊ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ kajalaɣ ɖeɖe. Cɔlɩyɛ tɔmpiye nɖɩ ɖooo kɩbɩnjaazɩ alɩwaatʊ taa ɖɩkɛ ɛyʊ yɔɔ maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkʊʊ piliŋa sɔsɔ nakɛyɛ, pɩnɛ maɣzɩm ɖɔnɛ kpɛlɛkʊʊ (ɛyʊ yɔɔ maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkʊʊ) nɛ tomnasi ɖɔnɛ kpɛlɛkʊʊ (kedeŋa kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ).
Kpaɣ ɖooo Hɛkʊ alɩwaatʊ taa lɛ, tɔmʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa fɛyɩ keekee kɛ tɩ yɔɔ keɖeɣa wondu lʊbɛ taa (trivium pʊ-tɔbʊʊ yɔɔdaɣ paɣtʊ yaa tɔm tʊzʊʊ paɣtʊ, quadrivium pʊ-tɔbʊʊ ñʊŋ kɩtɩlɩŋ kpɛlɛkʊʊ, siŋ lɩzʊʊ kpɛlɛkʊʊ, tɩyɩnzɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ minziiki tʊmɩyɛ).
Kpaɣ ɖooo kpaɣɖʊ 17 wɛɛ taa, Leibniz ñɩna siŋ kɛ cɔlɩyɛ tɔm yɔɔ ndʊ palɩna piŋ Aristote cɔlʊʊ tɔm. Ɛñɩkɩɣ nesi Aristote tɔmpee naatozo naayɛ yɔɔ mbʊ se ɛyʊ ɛwɛɛ ɛtɛŋna se ɛkaɣ sɩbʊ kɛlɛ ɛtakɩɣ se ɛɖʊ-tʊ ɛ-maɣmaɣ ɛ-laɣsɩ taa. Ɛnʊ kɛna kajalaɣ tʊ weyi ekpeɣa nɛ eyele kpayi kpayi cɔlɩyɛ lɩɩ. Emmanuel Kant ñalɩzɩɣ cɔlʊʊ tɔmpiye nɩɣ nɛ ɛtɔŋ se pɩkɛ lɛɣtʊ kpayi kpayi nɛ paɣtʊ nɛ siɣsiɣ caɣʊ kɛ paa mbʊ pɩ-taa.
Pɩnaɣ 1847 posusa takayaɣ nakɛyɛ tɔm George Boole mana-kɛ payaa-kɛ se Mathematical Analysis of Logic, nɛ An Investigation Into the Laws of Thought, on Which are Founded the Mathematical Theories of Logic and Probabilities. Ka-taa peeɖe Boole yɔɔdʊʊ cɔlɩyɛ kɩfaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ tɔm, ɖɩwɛna kɛlɛmɩŋ nɛ tʊʊzʊʊ paɣtʊ.
Tɔm kɛdʊʊ taa lɛ, ɖɩnaɣ pɩkɛdɩna ɛyaa sakɩyɛ nɛ cɔlɩyɛ tɔm kɔzɩ kɔzɩ Aristote paɣtʊ naatozo ndʊ nɛ ɛzɩma pataka ɖooo Leibniz cɔlɔ se pɩsa nɛ palabɩna akɔnta nɛ kʊyʊm kʊyʊm kalɩnaʊ. Tɔm kɛdɩtʊ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩpaza ɖɩwɛ ɖeu piŋ ɛyʊ yɔɔ maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ taa mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ ɛzɩ Aristote yaa Stoïci ɛyaa tɛ mbʊ yɔ yaa Leibniz waa pɛ-tɛ mbʊ yɔ palaba ɛyʊ yɔɔ maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ cɔlɩyɛ tʊmɩyɛ piŋ.


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Suu
Ñɩtʊ kʊtɔɔʊ yaa ñɩyʊʊ kʊtɔɔʊ yaa Suu kɛna tɩŋ tɔɔnaɣ ŋga pahayʊ-kɛ ka-hatʊ yɔɔ yɔ. Suu kɛna tɩŋ tɔɔnaɣ ŋga pahayʊ-kɛ ka-ñɩtʊ yaa ka-hatʊ yɔɔ yɔ. Ñɩtʊ kʊtɔɔtʊ tʊnɛ payaɣ-tʊ nɛ fransɩ taa se suu yɔ pɩtɛkɛ ñɩtʊ kʊtɔɔtʊ ndʊ tiɖeke kɛ pʊwɛɛ se payaa mbʊ.
Ñɩyʊ kʊtɔɔʊ kʊnɛ pahayʊʊ-kʊ yɔ kɩ-hatʊ yɔɔ pahayɩɣ-kʊ mbʊ pɔyɔɔ yɔ, pɩkɩlɩ ɛzɩ tɩŋ cɔka kʊtɔɔtʊ lɛɛtʊ yɔ pɩlɩɩna tɩ-taa anaɣm yɔɔ. Ñɩtʊ kʊtɔɔtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-wɛ camɩyɛ lɛfɩɩɩ nɛ papɩzʊ pɔtɔɔ-tʊ lɛŋ yaa pehili-kʊ ɖozi. Ñɩyʊ kʊtɔɔʊ yaa ñɩtʊ kʊtɔɔtʊ yaa ɖɔɖɔ suu wɛ huwa ndɩ ndɩ pɩlɩɩna tɩ-hɛtʊ wɛtʊ yɔɔ yaa tɩ-paɣlɩka yɔɔ.
Papɩzʊʊ pɔtɔɔ suu alɩwaaatʊ ndʊ pɛkpɛza-kʊ yɔ yaa papɩzʊʊ pasɩɩ-kʊ nɛ kileɖi cambɩ nɛ pʊcɔ pɔtɔɔ-kʊ. Yee pɩkɛ nikaɣ ŋgbaʊ taa ɛyʊ ɛsɔɔlaa se ɛzɩʊ kɔyɔ, pɩwɛɛ se ɛhɔkɩ-ɛ anwa huyuu taa nɛ ɛzɩ ɛlɛ pɩtaaɖɛ kɩyakɩŋ naalɛ yɔɔ se pʊcɔ ɛɛlɩzɩ-ɛ se ɛhilɩ.
Ɛlɛ ɛyʊ ɛfɛyɩna nikaɣ ŋgbaʊ kɔyɔ ɛpɩzʊ ɛsɩɩ ɖenɖe nɩkaɣ wɛ camɩyɛ yɔ nɛ pɩtaa wɩlɩ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, lɛŋ ɖeke pɔtɔkɩ. Papɩzʊ pesidi paa nandʊ ndʊ, lɩm ñɩndʊ yaa kuɖoŋgutu yaa ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ kpakpasɩ kɩwɩsɩ yaa lɩm ñɩnzɩ; sɔsɔsɩ yaa cikpesi. Ɛlɛ yee pɩkɛ nandʊ ndʊ poɖoŋga yɔɔ yɔ pɩkɩlɩ ɖeu.


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Kpaŋ
Kpaŋ kʊdɔŋ (pama-ɖɩ nɛ krɛkɩ kʊnʊŋ taa ψuxή, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se fezuu, kalɩzaɣ, pɩkɛ sakɩyɛ yɔɔdaɣ taa tɔmpiye kɛ maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɩnaa tɛ tʊmɩyɛ ɖeɖe, nɛ pɩwɩlɩɣ se kpaŋ kʊdɔŋ nakʊyʊ yaa ñʊʊ taa cɔʊʊ nɛ kʊdɔŋ tʊ ɛnʊ mbʊ pɩwɛ ɖeu yɔ ɛɛlakɩ-pʊ.
Kpaŋ kʊdɔŋ kɔŋna yem yem yɔɔdaɣ, lalaa lɛ pɩwɛ-wɛ maɣnɛ kʊdɔŋ tɩyɛ. Ɛyʊ ɛnʊ ɛɛsɩŋ mbʊ pɩwɛ ɖeu nabʊyʊ naa taa kɛlɛ pɩcaɣ kaɖɛ piŋ se pɛlɛzɩ-ɩ wɛtʊ ndʊ.
Ɖɩcɔna piŋ kɔyɔ mɩnʊʊ yɔɔ ɛyaa ɛzɩ naatozo mba pɛkɛ sʊlʊm ñɔyaa yɔ wɛnɩna kpaŋ kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ alɩwaatʊ ɛñɔʊʊ ɖoŋ ñɩmbʊ nabʊyʊ yaa sʊlʊm kɩlɩ ɛnandʊ pɩɣʊ yɔ.
Ɛzɩma papɩzɩɣ pawazɩ kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ pɩlɩna ɛzɩma pana-kʊ yɔ nɛ pʊ-tʊ weyi pana-kʊ ɛ-yɔɔ yɔ. Kajalaɣ lɛ, papɩzɩɣ pahaɣ pɩ-tɛ ɛyʊ ɛnʊ maɣzɩm taa kɔɔ naayɛ (kiliba yaa pʊtɔma kɩsɔba) nɛ nabʊyʊ taa pɩkɛ kɩjɛyʊʊ se pasɩɩ pɩ-tɛ ɛyʊ ɛnʊ fɛɖaa cɔlɔ. Kɛlɛ nabʊyʊ taa lɛ kɔɔ a-tɛ kpaɣʊʊ kɔŋna kaɖɛ piŋ kpaŋ tɩnaa mba.


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Ayɩnstayɩnɩyɔm
Ayɩnstayɩnɩyɔm (yʊsaɣ mayaɣ kɔyɔ Es) kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 99, paya-ɩ mbʊ pɩtɩŋna Albert Einstein hɩɖɛ ɖʊʊ yɔɔ. Ɛkɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi kɛ 99 nɛ ɛ-tɛ akɩtɩnɩdɩ waa tɛ kiŋ, ɛtɔʊʊ cɛnzɩ nɛ palaba-ɩ kɩlabʊ. Yee ɛjaɖɛ soŋaɣ nɛ ɛsɔkaɣ ɛwɛ camɩyɛ kɔyɔ, e-tomaɣ kɛ ñɩɣlɩm pɩyʊ pʊhʊma kpʊzɩyɛɛ liidiye tɩyɛ, ɛwɛɛ ɛzɩ ɖɔmbɩyɛ yɔ nɛ ɛ-nɔsɩ wɛɛ tayɩ tayɩ.
Pana ayɩnstayɩnɩyɔm pɩnaɣ 1952 pɩtɩŋna Albert Ghiono ɛlɛ ɛwɛ ɛzɩ agbele 253 ñɩnʊ. Pɔyɔkʊʊ akɩtɩnɩdɩ waa mba patakɩlɩ yuŋ yɔ nɛ nazɩyʊ sɩɣlɩyʊ fɛyɩ. Pehiɣki-ɩ ŋñɩɩ lɛ pɔyɔɔkʊʊ plʊtɔnɩyɔm 239.
Ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ pʊtʊnaa kɩlaba lalaa yɔ, ayɩnstayɩnɩyɔm agbele naa tɔʊʊ cɛnzɩ sakɩyɛ nɛ pɔkɔŋna kʊɔmɩŋ sakɩyɛ ɛyʊ tɔnʊʊ taa yee pucoɖa nɛ pitii ɛ-taa kɔyɔ. Ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1952 pana ayɩnstayɩnɩyɔm ɛ nɛ fɛrmɩyɔm. Tʊma wena palaba pɩlɩna ayɩnstayɩnɩyɔm yɔɔ yeba nɛ pɛlɛzɩ nɛ posusi ɛ-tɔm lɛɣtʊ takayasɩ taa pɩnaɣ 1955. Ayɩnstayɩnɩyɔm yʊsaɣ mayaɣ taakɛ tam Es, ɛlɛ pɩɩkɛ E.
Palaba tʊmɩyɛ nɛ ayɩnstanɩyɔm singularity tʊmɩyɛ taa ɛlɛ yʊsaɣ mayaɣ kɩbɩnaɣ E kaawɛna. Paalɛ-ɩ naʊ pɩtɩŋna soviyetiki ɛyaa yɔɔ pɩnaɣ 1952 kɛ Katorga 12 lɩm hɛkʊʊ taa ɛjaɖɛ taa.


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Misuurii
Misuurii kɛna Etaazunii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ cikpetʊ natʊyʊ. Nɛ Etazuunii ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ ajɛya cikpena naayɛ nɩɩnɩwa kpɛndɩna nɛ aɖʊ nɔɔ nɛ awɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ taa kpaɩ. Etaazunii tɔbʊʊ nɛ kabɩyɛ taa se ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ.
Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩcɔ ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ nɛ tɩta yɔ ndʊ yɔ: Wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ Ilnuwaa, wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa kiŋ lɛ Kanzasii, hadɛ kiŋ lɛ Tenesii nɛ Kɛntukii tɛtʊ wɛna, piyele nɛ hayʊ kiŋ lɛ Iyowa. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Jeefersɔŋ nɛ ndʊ tɩtaa tɩ-taa ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ yɔ ndʊ lɛ Kanzasii tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ.
Pamaza Misuurii ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ taa lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ ɛzɩ 180 693 km2 nɛ ɖenɖe tɛtʊ ñabɩ wɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 178 590 km2 yɔ nɛ ɖenɖe lɩm ñɛwɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe ñɛwɛʊ ɛzɩ 2 101 km2 yɔ pʊtɔbʊʊ se pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 1,16 yɔ kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ. Ɛjaɖ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩkɛŋna 45 ñɩnɖɛ ɛyaa ɖɔʊ taa kɛ Etazuunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ kpeekpe taa.
Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɖɩ kɛŋna ɛjaɖɛ 24 ñɩnɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩsʊ Etaazunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊɣ ŋgbɛyɛ taa yɔ. Ɛlɛ pɩɩkɛ kɩyɛna fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 10 ŋgʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 1821. Pɩnaɣ 2010 taa paakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ paana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 5 988 927 yɔ.
Payaɣ Misuurii ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-ñʊʊdʊ se Eric Greitens (R) piyele nɛ komina ñʊndinaa kɔyɔ: Roy Blunt (R) nɛ Claire McCaskill (D).
Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, ŋgʊ lɛ yɔ Eŋgilisi.


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Sigmund Freud
Sigmund Freud (Caama yɔɔdɩtʊ taa pɩlʊʊ se ziːkmʊnt ˈfʁɔʏt, anasaayɩ ñɩŋʊ taa lɛ fʁøːd] yaa [fʁœjd), palʊla-ɩ Sigismund Schlomo Freud cejewiye taa agoza fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 6 pɩnaɣ 1856 Freiberg (Otirisi ɛjaɖɛ taa) nɔɔnɔɔ tɛ Cɛkɩ ɛjaɖɛ nɛ ɛsɩ salaŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 23 pɩnaɣ 1939 Londre tɛtʊ taa, ɛɛkɛ hola maɣzɩm tʊmɩyɛ tʊ Otirisi ɛjaɖɖe taa, ɛnʊ tɩna maɣzɩm ta wiluu tʊmɩyɛ kiɖe.
Ɛɛkɛ ɖɔkɔtɔ Vienne tɛtʊ taa mbʊ lɛ, Freud nɛ ɛyaa sɔsa sakɩyɛ pakatɩ ɖama se pɛkpɛlɛkɩ nɛ maɣzɩm taa wiluu tʊmɩyɛ ɖɛɛna ɛsɩnda, kɛlɛ ɛnʊ kɛna nɔmɔŋ kpeekpe wɩlɩyʊ. Ɛgbaɣtɩyɛ nɛ Wilhelm Fliess, ɛ-tʊmɩyɛ labʊ nɛ Josef Breuer, Jean-Martin Charcot tʊmɩyɛ nɛ ɛ-laɣsɩ pɩlɩna ɛyʊ ɖom lubitu yɔɔ kɛ Salpêtre sukuli taa yɔ sɩna-ɩ sakɩyɛ taa se ɛkpaɣ lɩmaɣza piŋ ɛyʊ maɣzɩm tɔm yɔɔ.
Freud kpeɣli ɛ-cɔlɔ kpɛyɛ ɛyaa mba palakɩ maɣzɩm taa kʊdɔmɩŋ kɔɔ yɔ, ɛ nɛ-wɛ pazɩ pazɩ lɛpalakɩ maɣzɩm taa wiluu tʊmɩyɛ, papazɩna Otirisi, pɛɖɛɛ Suwisi, ŋtalɩ Berlin, pʊwayi Fransɩɩ, Londre nɛ Etaazuunii. Pʊwayi pa-taa peɖeke yotu nɛ ɖdama kɩɩnɩnaʊ sʊʊ pɛ-hɛkɩŋ taa kɛlɛ tʊmɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩpaɣlɩ piŋ kpaɣ pɩnzɩ 1920 paɣzɩtʊ alɩwaatʊ. Pɩkɔma pɩnaɣ 1938 lɛ, Caama politiki laɣsɩ tɔm ñɩŋɩɣna Freud kɛlɛ ese Vienne nɛ ɛkɔɔ ɛcaɣ Londre, peeɖe ɛsɩba nɛ tamaɣ pɩjɛɖɛ kʊdɔŋ pɩnaɣ 1939.
Palʊla Freud agoza fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 6 pɩnaɣ 1856. E-liɖe kɛtɩtʊ tɔm kɔyɔ se pɛ-tɛ nɛ Galicie, nɛ paasɩŋ pɔ-yɔɔ tɔm sakɩyɛ. Freud kɛ pɩɣa naadozo ŋga Jacob Freud cɔlɔ, ɛlɛ ñaakɛ tɔnaa pɛdɩyʊ, e-ɖoo kɔyɔ Amalia Nathanson (1836 ŋtalɩ 1931), pa-kajaalaɣ pɩɣa kɛlɛ ɛzɩ pacaɣʊʊ ɖama cɔlɔ yɔ yaa pɔɖɔkʊʊ nesi yɔ. Ɛwɛɛna kɔɔnaa kagbanzɩ (Anna, Rosa, Mitzi, Dolfi et Paula) nɛ ɖalaa naalɛ Julius ɛlɛ sɩ ɛɛwɛna pɩnaɣ kʊyʊmaɣ, nɛ Alexander.


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Kujomuu sɔsɔʋ
Lɩm huyi kujomuu sɔsɔʊ nakʊyʊ Etaazuunii ɛjaɖɛ taa. Kujomuu ŋgʊ, kɩwɛ tɛtʊ nɖʊ payaɣ se Arizona yɔ nɛ tɩ-wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ nɛ hayi kiŋ hɔɔlʊʊ taa. Etaazuunii ɛjaɖɛ taa kujomuu ŋgʊ kɩkɩlɩna paɣlʊʊ kedeŋa kpeekpe yɔɔ kujomiŋ tɩŋɛ. Colorado pɔɔ kpemna sakɩyɛ nɛ pɩla se puyi kujomuu sɔsɔʊ ŋgʊ. Puhuyi-kʊ piyaɣ ŋga payaɣ ɖɔɖɔ se Colorado yɔ kɔ-yɔɔ. Pɩnaɣ 1919 ñɩŋga taa pɔcɔzɩ kujomuu ŋgʊ nɛ pɩta nɛ kɩpɩsɩ ɛsɩyɛ ɛgbena loniye sɔsɔyɛ. Kɩ-walanzɩ kɛ kilomɛtanaa 4 927. Paa pɩnaɣ ŋga ɛyaa ɛzɩ miiliyɔɔ waa naanza nɛ pɩɖɛɛ pʊ-yɔɔ woki nɛ panaɣ kujomuu sɔsɔʊ ŋgʊ. Kɩ-wɛtʊ nɛ kɩ-laŋ wɛtʊ nɛ kɩ-taa tɛtɛ kpɩna ndɩ ndɩ yeba nɛ pɩnaɣ 1979 ñɩŋga taa UNESCO ŋgbɛyɛ kpaɣ Etaazuunii ɛjaɖɛ taa kujomuu sɔsɔʊ ŋgʊ se ŋgʊ kɛŋna kedeŋa kpeekpe ñɩm sɔsɔm. UNESCO kɛ kedeŋa kpeekpe ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩlʊkɩ ɛzakuliye nʊmɔʊ taa nɛ lɛɣtʊ nɛ sukuli labʊ nɛ sɔnzɩ wobunaʊ ɛsɩndaa nʊmɔʊ taa yɔ. Kujomuu sɔsɔʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-ɖɩwɛyɛ Kujomuu sɔsɔʊ ŋgʊ kɩwɛ Etaazuunii ɛjaɖɛ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ nɛ hadɛ kiŋ hɔɔlʊʊ taa. Kɩwɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ payaɣ se Arizona yɔ tɩ-taa ɖeyiɖeyi. Etaazuunii ɛjaɖɛ taa kujomuu sɔsɔʊ ŋgʊ kɩwalaa nɛ kɩɖaɣlɩ nɛ kɩtɛ kiliŋi pɩfɛyɩ kɛdʊʊ. Kɩɖaɣlaa pɩtalɩ kilomɛtanaa 450. Kɩwɛ Powell lɩŋgamʊʊ nɛ Mead ñɩŋgʊ pɛ-hɛkʊ taa. Kɩ-hɔɔlʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩkɩlɩ ɖaɣlʊʊ yɔ, kɩwɛ Arozona tɛtʊ taa laʊ ŋgʊ pɔsɔza-kʊ nɛ pɩta nɛ awayɩ wondu ndɩ ndɩ sakɩyɛ wɛɛ kɩ-taa yɔ. Kujomuu sɔsɔʊ ŋgʊ, kɩ-ɖaɣlakɩŋ kɛ hɔɔlʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa kilomɛtanaa 350. Kiliŋaa pɩɖɛɛ mɛtanaa 1 300 yɔɔ. Ki-likaŋ sɔsɔŋ kɛ mɛtanaa 2 000. Kɩ-walanzɩ kɛ hɔɔlɩŋ nɩɩyɛ kilomɛtanaa 5,5. Hɔɔlɩŋ lɛɛŋ taa lɛ, kɩ-walanzɩ kɛ kilomɛtanaa 30. Toovenum lɛ, kedeŋa yɔɔ cɩnɛ kujomiŋ nɩɩyɛ wɛɛ nɛ ɛkɩlɩ liŋuu kɛ Etaazuunii ɛjaɖɛ taa kujomuu sɔsɔʊ ŋgʊ. Kujomiŋ weyi ɛkɩlɩ liŋuu Etaazuunii ɛjaɖɛ taa kujomuu sɔsɔʊ yɔ, ɛnʊʊ yɔ : Colca kujomuu, ki-likaŋ kɛ mɛtanaa 3 400. Cotahuasi kujomuu likaŋ ñɛkɛ mɛtanaa 3 550. Kujomiŋ sɔsɔŋ naalɛ ɛnɛ ɛwɛ Peruu ɛjaɖɛ taa. Kujomuu sɔsɔʊ ɖɔɖɔ nakʊyʊ ñɛwɛ Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa. Payaɣ-kʊ se Yarlung Tsangpo kujomuu. Nakʊyʊ ñɛwɛ ɖɔɖɔ Mɛkɩsiikɩ ɛjaɖɛ nɛ hayi kiŋ hɔɔlʊʊ taa. Kʊkʊ payaɣ se Barranca del Cobre kujomuu. Lɛɛkʊ ñɛwɛ Idaho ɛjaɖɛ taa. Kʊkʊ hɩɖɛ lɛ Hells kujomuu. Kujomiŋ ɛnɛ ɛ-tɩŋɛ payɩ ɛkɩlɩ likaŋ Etaazuunii ɛjaɖɛ taa kujomuu sɔsɔʊ.


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Samaɣ ñʊʊ tɩlʊʊ
Samaɣ ñʋʋ tɩlʋʋ tʋmɩyɛ. Pañɩnɩɣ nɛ patɩlɩ samaɣ cikpelaɣ nakayɛ ñʋʋ. Patɩŋɩɣna kʋ-yɔɔ nɛ pamaɣzɩ nɛ pekpeɣ egeetiye naɖɩyɛ ñʋʋ. Kɩkalʋʋ palakɩ nɛ pʋcɔ patɩlɩ samaɣ nakɛyɛ ñʋʋ. Pʋcɔna patɩlɩ ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ ñʋʋ lɛ, pacalɩɣna kɩkalʋʋ labʋ ageeta cikpene ndɩ ndɩ taa. Pɩtɛŋ lɛ, pâla kɩgalʋʋ ageeta sɔsɔna sɔsɔna taa.
Pɩtɛŋ payɩ lɛ, pɛkpɛndɩ palaba kɩkalʋʋ ndɩ ndɩ nɛ pɩlɩ mbʋ yɔ. Yee pɔtɔʋ caca nakʋyʋ, pʋpɔzʋʋ se pala kɩkalʋʋ nɛ patɩlɩ samaɣ ñʋʋ nɛ pʋcɔ pɔtɔ caca ŋ́gʋ. Pɛtɛŋ-kʋ laba lɛ, pɩha nʋmɔʋ nɛ pɔtɔ caca ŋgʋ pɔtɔʋ yɔ.
Cacanaa wɛ ndɩ ndɩ. Pʋcɔ palɩzɩ ɛjaɖɛ Ñʋʋdʋ lɛ, pɔtɔʋ caca. Pʋcɔ palɩzɩ paɣtʋ lɩzɩyaa lɛ, caca ɖɔɖɔ pɔtɔʋ. Pʋcɔ palɩzɩ maalika lɔŋpasɩyaa lɛ, caca ɖɔɖɔ pɔtɔʋ. Pʋcɔ palɩzɩ haɖaa awiya lɛ, caca ɖɔɖɔ pɔtɔʋ.
Piyele kaɖasɩ lɛɛsɩ lɛ, kewiyaɣ cakɩna nɛ kɩmaɣzɩ camɩyɛ pɩŋŋ nɛ kʋcɔna nɛ kɩlɩzɩ-sɩ nɛ kasɩɩ-sɩ si-lona ndɩ ndɩ taa. Kaɖɩsɩ nzɩ kewiyaɣ sɩɣna-sɩ kɩsɩʋ si-lona ndɩ ndɩ taa yɔ, sɩ-taa lɛ, ɖɩnaɣ minisiwaa ndɩ ndɩ. Tʋma sɔsɔna ndɩ ndɩ ñʋŋ tɩnaa. Sukulinaa cikpema ndɩ ndɩ ñʋŋ tɩnaa. Sukulinaa sɔsaa ndɩ ndɩ ñʋŋ tɩnaa. Nesi tɛɛ tʋma cikpene nɛ sɔsɔna ndɩ ndɩ ñʋŋ tɩnaa. Kantɔnaa ndɩ ndɩ awiya.
Kɩkalʋʋ labʋ wɛ ndɩ ndɩ. Samaɣ ñʋʋ tɩlʋʋ yem kɩkalʋʋ wɛɛ. Akɔnta kɩkalʋʋ ñɛwɛɛ. Akɔnta kɩkalʋʋ maɣzɩɣ nɛ ɛsɩyɛ nɛ kikpeɣ samaɣ nakɛyɛ ñʋʋ.


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Tajikistanii
Tajikistanii kɛna Azii ilemiye taa ɛjaɖɛ naɖaɖiyɛ nɛ ɖɩwɛna ilemiye nɖɩ ɖɩ-hɛkʊ taa ɖeyi ɖeyi. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ teŋgu nakʊyʊ tɔcɔɔ-ɖɩ nɛ kɩta. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɛ ɖi-hadɛ kiŋ lɛ, Afganisitanii ɛjaɖɛ wɛna; wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa lɛ, Siini ñɩnɖɛ ñɛwɛna piyele hayʊ kiŋ lɛ, ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se Kiirziisistaŋ yɔ ɖɩna-ɖɩ pazɩna ɖama kamaɣ pɩkazɩ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ lɛ Uzibekistanɩ ɛjaɖɛ wɛna.
Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖi-taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Tujambee nɛ yee ɛyʊ ɛsɔɔlaa se ɛyaa nɔɔyʊ kɛ kaŋgalafu yɔɔ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa kɔyɔ, pɩkɛna-ɩ kɩjɛyʊʊ se ɛma +992 ɛ-tɛ kaŋgalafu kpata yɔɔ pʊcɔ ŋɛ ɛɛma pɩtɛ ɛyʊʊ kaŋgalafu nimaɣ mayaɣ.
Pamaza Tajikistanii ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖi-walanzɩ lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ 143 100 km2. Pɩnaɣ 2016 taa pakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ pana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 8 330 946 yɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa yee pakalɩɣ ɛyaa km2 taa kɔyɔ, panaɣ-wɛ ɛzɩ 58,2 yɔ.Payaɣ Tajikistanii ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊdʊ kɩfalʊ se Emomalii Rahmon nɛ komina yʊʊdʊ kɩfalʊ ɖɔɖɔ yɔ Kokhir Rasulzoda. Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa yɔ, ŋgʊ lɛ Tajiki nɛ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ ɖɔɖɔ Ruusi.


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Georg Friedrich Haendel
Georg Friedrich Händel kɛ wendu lɩzɩyʋ nɛ minziki maɖʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ. Ɛkɛ Caama tʋ nɛ ɛpɩsɩ ɩŋglɩsɩ tʋ. Palʋla-ɩ kɩyakʋ nɛɛlɛ nɛ nadozo (23) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye lɛlaɣ fenaɣ taa, pɩnaɣ 1685 ɩŋga taa Halle tɛtʋ taa.
Ɛsɩba kɩyakʋ hiu nɛ naanza (14) ñɩŋgʋ n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye, ɖomaɣ fenaɣ taa, pɩnaɣ 1759 ñɩŋga taa Westminster tɛtʋ taa. Ɖajaa Haendel ɛnɛ, ɛmakɩ minziki ŋgʋ payaɣ se parɔkɩ yɔ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ.
Ɖajaa Jean Sébastien Bach minziiki waa ɛkɩlɩɣ mabʋ. Saxe tɛtʋ taa ɖajaa Georg Friedrich Händel caɣa nɛ ɛkɔɔ ɛpaɣlɩ. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se peeɖe ɛkpɛlɛkɩ minziki mabʋ. Ɛcaɣ ɖɔɖɔ Hambourg tɛtʋ taa alɩwaatʋ natʋyʋ cabɩ.
Ɖajaa Georg Friedrich Händel kʋyɩSaxe tɛtʋ taa lɛ, ewolo ɛcaɣ Itaalii ɛjaɖɛ taa. Peeɖe ɛlaba nʋmɔʋ ɖɔm tʋmɩyɛ sakɩyɛ. Ɛcaɣ Itaalii ɛjaɖɛ taa pɩnzɩ naadozo. Pʋwayɩ lɛ, ewolo Hanovre tɛtʋ taa. Hanovre tɛtʋ taa ɛkʋyɩnaa nɛ ɛɖɛɛ ɛcaɣ kam Aŋgletɛɛrɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa.
Ɖajaa Georg Friedrich Haendel cɛyɩ ɛ-tɩ kpem nɛ, ɛ-tʋma labʋ taa payɩ lɛ, eyozi ajɛɛ sʋsɔnaa naayɩ tɛ sɔnzɩ minziki wɩlɩtʋ sʋsɔtʋ. Ajɛɛ ana yɔ : Itaalii ɛjaɖɛ nɛ Caama n̄ɩnɖɛ nɛ Aŋgletɛɛrɩ ɛjaɖɛ nɛ pɩtasɩna Fransɩ n̄ɩnɖɛ.
Ɖajaa Georg Friedrich Händel Haendel makɩ minziki ŋgʋ payaɣ se Orɩgɩ yɔ. Ɛmakɩ ɖɔɖɔ minziki ŋgʋ payaɣ se klavɛsɛɛ yɔ. Ɛkpaɣ pɩnzɩ hiŋ niidozo nɛ kagbanzɩ (35) mbʋ yɔ nɛ ɛkpɛlɛkɩ mbʋ payaɣ se opera yɔ pɩ-labʋ Itaalii ɛjaɖɛ taa.
Pʋwayɩ lɛ, ɛlɩzɩ mbʋ payaɣ se oratoriyo waa yɔ. Ɛmʋ oratoriyo waa lɩzʋʋ nimiye sɔsɔyɛ Aŋgletɛɛrɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Peeɖe ɛpɩsɩ minziki waa ndɩ ndɩ mabʋ wɩlɩyaa taa wɩlɩyʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ Aŋgletɛɛrɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa.


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Ɖoŋaɣ
Ɖoŋaɣ kɛna minziiki wonuu kɩmabʋʋ ŋgʋ kɩwɛ kuluŋgulu yɔ. Nabɛyɛ yaɣ se ɖoŋaɣ, lɛlaa ñayaa se loŋaɣ. Ɖoŋaɣ wɛ kpeɖe tɩyɛ. Paasakɩ paa tɩʋ ŋgʋ ɖoŋaɣ. Tɩŋ nɩɩyɛ wɛ kooŋ nɛ ɛnʋʋ pasakɩna ɖoŋanzɩ. Paapaŋ ɖɔɖɔ ɖoŋaɣ nɛ paa kpɩnɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-tɔnʋʋ. Ɖɩkpaɣ ɛzɩ heu tɔnʋʋ mbʋ yɔ. Paapaŋ ɖoŋaɣ nɛ ɛ-tɔnʋʋ. Pʋnʋ kɩbɩnʋ tɔnʋʋ papaŋna ɖoŋaɣ.
Ɛzɩma papaŋ ɖoŋaɣ ?
Pakʋʋ pʋnʋ nɛ peliti ɛ-tɔnʋʋ. Pakaŋ tɔnʋʋ ŋgʋ nɛ teluu nɛ pɩla kpɩtaŋ cabɩ lɛ, palɩzɩ-kʋ. Pɔ-tɔbʋʋ se peyeki-kʋ nɛ kɩwɩlɩ camɩyɛ nɛ pʋcɔ papɩzɩ papamna-kʋ nɛ ɖoŋaɣ yaa suye. Palɩzɩ-kʋ nɛ teluu yɔɔ lɛ, paɖʋ-kʋ lɩm taa alɩwaatʋ natʋyʋ cabɩ. Pʋwayɩ lɛ, palɩzɩ-kʋ nɛ pɔhɔɔ nɛ kɩpɩsɩ lɛfɩɩɩ. Yee pɔtɔyɔ-kʋ nɛ kʋhʋʋ camɩyɛ yɔ, papaŋ ɖoŋaɣ nɛ pamakɩ lɛ, kaawiɣ ɖeu. Ɛlɛ, yee pɔhɔɔ pʋnʋ tɔnʋʋ nɛ kɩkpɩzɩ camɩyɛ yɔ, pʋbʋ papaŋ ɖoŋaɣ nɛ pamakɩ-kɛ lɛ, kewiɣ camɩyɛ.
Kpɩna naayɛ tɔnɩŋ pɔhɔɔʋ nɛ akpɩzɩ camɩyɛ nɛ pɛhɛɛ-ɩ pɩŋgaɣ pɩlɩŋgaɣ nɛ palʋʋ nimasɩ lɩɩɩ lɩɩɩ nɛ papamna ɖoŋaɣ. Ɛlɛ, pʋcɔ papa ɖoŋaɣ lɛ, paɖʋʋ ka-taa sɔnzɩ wondu natʋyʋ ndɩ ndɩ. Halɩ nabɛyɛ ɖʋ ka-taa liidiye pɔɔyaɣ nakɛyɛ.
Ɖoŋaɣ kɛ sɔnzɩ labʋ wonuu sɔsɔʋ nakʋyʋ, kɔzɔ kɔzɩ atɛ wonaʋ nʋmɔʋ taa. Kɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ sɔnzɩ wonuu kaɖɛ ñɩŋgʋ nakʋyʋ siŋŋ. Pʋ-yɔɔ paamakɩ-kɛ lona tɩŋa taa. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se ke-witu ɖɔɔnʋʋ agɔlɩma naayɛ.
Hɔɔlɩŋ weyi ɛ-taa pɩha waɖɛ se pama ɖoŋaɣ yɔ, yee pamakɩ so nɛ kɛfɛyɩ pɩ-taa kɔyɔ, piiseetiɣ payaa ɖeu. Pamakɩ-kɛ lɛ, so lakɩ leleŋ camɩyɛ, piseetiɣ paa weyi se ɛpaa.
Ɖoŋanzɩ wɛ ndɩ ndɩ. Kabɩyɛ ñɩma ɖoŋaɣ wɛɛ. Kaka wɛna ɛzɩ kpeɖe yɔ. Kɛ-hɛkʋ taa tɛyɩ teɖe. Kutokoli ñɩma ɖoŋaɣ ñɛwɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ. Kaka hɛkʋ taa tɛtɛyɩ teɖe. Kɛwɛ ɛzɩ kabɩyɛ sɔɔyɛ yɔ. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se kɔ-hɔɔlʋʋ ŋgʋ kɩwɛ kpoluu yɔ, kɩ-yɔɔ papaŋ tɔnʋʋ.


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Angkor
Kewiisi ndɩ ndɩ nasɩyɛ kpɛndɩna nɛ payaɣ sɩ-kpɛndʋʋ mbʋ se Aŋkor kewiyaɣ. Aŋkor kewiyaɣ tɛtʋ sʋsɔtʋ payaɣ se Khmer.
Aŋkor tɛtʋ wɛ Siem Reap tɛtʋ hɔɔlʋʋ taa nɛ hayi kiŋ. Kedeŋa kpeekpe ɛzakuliye nɛ ñɩnʋʋ tʋmɩyɛ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se UNESCO yɔ, ɖɩ-tʋma ñʋʋ wɛ Aŋkor tɛtʋ taa. Kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 1992 nɛ pɩkɔɔ pɩsɩɩna sɔnɔ yɔ, Aŋkor tɛtʋ taa peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ Ajɛya kpeejkpe kpɛndʋʋ ŋgbɛyɛ tɔsʋʋ tʋma ñʋʋ wɛɛ.
Aŋkor tɛtʋ pɩsɩ kedeŋa kpeekpe ɛsɩyɛ egbena ɖiwoɖe. Paa pɩnaɣ ŋga ɛyaa tuutuma wokina ɛsɩyɛ egbena Aŋkor tɛtʋ taa. Powokuuna ɛsɛyɛ egbena yɔ, pɩkɛ ñɩm sɔsɔm siŋŋ Aŋkor tɛtʋ.
Kpaɖʋʋ nakʋ (9) ñɩŋʋ taa pesiɣ Aŋkor tɛtʋ maʋ kpooluu.


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Tɛtɛɛ miŋ
Tɛtɛɛmɩŋ kɛna tɛtɛɛ ñam ñam lakasɩ nasɩyɛ nɛ sɩpɩzɩɣ nɛ sɩlɩɩna lɩm sɔsɔm tɛɛ yaa pʊŋ tɛɛ. Pɩkɛna momoɖe naɖɩyɛ nɛ ɖɩyaɣ kpu lɛ miŋ kolonzi lɩɣna awayɩ kiŋ mɩŋŋ mɩŋŋ. Miŋ kolonzi nzɩ si-taa nɛ feveku nakʊyʊ nɛ kʊkʊ-taa nɛ gaazɩ, teefraas nɛ pɩlɩgna hidromagɩmatiki taa.
Miŋ kolonzi nzi sɩlɩɣna awayɩ kiŋ mɩŋŋ mɩŋŋ mbʊ yɔ, siniidiɣ yaa sɩhɛɣ lɛ, pɩpɩsɩ kaaŋ nɛ pɛkɛɣ pʊŋ yaa lɩm hɛkʊ taa tɛtʊ. Kaaŋ ɛnʊ ɛpaɣlʊʊ sɩŋŋŋ yaa ɛzɩ ɛmaɣna. Tɛtɛɛmɩŋ lakɩ nɛ kaaŋ ndɩ ndɩ weyi ɛlɩɣ yɔ, miŋ kolonzi nzi sɩlɩɣna awayɩ kiŋ mɩŋŋ mɩŋŋ yɔ sɩ-ɖɔʊ taa nɛ sɩ-ɖoŋ taa nɛ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ sɩkpakɩɣna nɛ sɩhɛɛna yaa siniidina yɔ nɛ pʊŋ ndɩ nɖɩ weyi ɛwɛɣ na pɩtɩŋna tɛtɛɛmɩŋ ɛnʊ ɛ-yɔɔ yɔ, pɩtɩŋga payɩ pɩwɩlɩɣna se tɛtɛɛmɩŋ ɛnʊ ɛwɛ ndɩ ndɩ. Tɛtɛɛmɩŋ tɔm lɛ, mba pañɩnɩɣ tɛtɛɛ ñɩm nɛ mbʊ mbʊ pɩlabɩnaa yɔ pɛwɛɛ nɛ pañɩnɩɣ nɛ panɩɣ mɩŋ ɛnʊ ɛ-ɖɩlɩyɛ alɩwaatʊ nɛ palɩzɩɣ ɛ-tɔbʊʊ camɩyɛ pazɩ pazɩ.
Tɛtɛɛmɩŋ kɛna mbʊ pɩfɛyɩ kɛlɛʊ se ɛyʊ ɛnɩɩ pɩ-taa lɔŋ yɔ yaa camɩyɛ kɛlɛʊ yɔ. Ɛkɛna tɛtɛɛ mɩŋ weyi ɛlɩɣna tɛtɛɛ yem tuda nɛ e-hola lɩɣ momoloku tɩyɛ yɔ. Miŋ kolonzɩ nzɩ nabʊyʊ taa lɛ sɩtɩnɩɣ ɖama yɔɔ pɩlaaɣ pɩlaaɣ yaa sɩkakɩ kɩkaawʊ. Tɛtɛɛmɩŋ ɛnʊ ɛlakɩ ɖɔɖɔ mbʊ yɔ, e-miŋ kolonzi wɛtʊ yaa sɩlɩɣ pɩzɩɣ pɩlɛɣzɩ wɛtʊ yem ndɩ ndɩ. Paa nɛ mbʊ yɔ ñɩnɩyaa nɩna ɖama nɛ pakpaɣ se tɛtɛɛmiŋ wɛ nabʊlɛ taa:
Tɛtɛɛmɩŋ weyi e-momolokiŋ sɛ kpaʊʊ yɔ nɛ ɛwɛ hɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ, e-miŋ weyi ɛtɔʊ fiŋŋ fiŋŋ yɔ ɛfɛyɩ kʊŋgʊlʊm yaa ɛtakpɩndɩ. Tɛtɛɛmɩŋ ɛnʊ ɛkɩlɩ tɔyʊʊ kɛ oseyaŋnaa cɔlɔ nɛ lɩm tɛɛ. Tɛtɛɛmɩŋ weyi e-momolokiŋ mɩzɩɣ kpaaa kpaaa yɔ nɛ e-miŋ wɛ laabɩɩ laabɩɩ tɩyɛ nɛ ɛ-taa sida tɔlɩma. Keteŋga kpeekpe yɔɔ lɛ, tɛtɛɛmɩŋ weyi ɛpɩzɩɣ nɛ ɛlɩɩ yɔ ɛtalɩɣ ɛzɩ 1500 yɔ nɛ pɩnaɣ taa lɛ weyi ɛlɩɣ yɔ ɛtalɩɣ ɛzɩ hiŋ looɖo yɔ (60).