text:
Ignace Loyola tʋ
Palʊla Ignace de Loyola kɛ pɩnaɣ 1491 kɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ payaɣ-tʊ se Azpeitia yɔ nɛ tɩwɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ se Peeyiibaskɩ yɔ ɖɩ-taa. 5Ɛsɩpañɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa kɛlɛ mbʊyɔ. Ignace de Loyola sɩba hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ 1556 kɛ Rooma tɛtʊ taa nɛ ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 65. Ignace de Loyola Ignace de Loyola sɩba hasɩ yaɖɛ fenaɣ 1556 kɛ Room tɛtʊ taa nɛ ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 65. Ignace de Loyola kɛŋna weyi ɛñɔwa ɛsɔ sɛtʊ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ se Yesu wayɩ tɩŋgɩya yɔ nɛ ɛnʊ ɖɔɖɔ kɛŋna ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-nɔɔ yɔɔ-tʊ. Ɛsɔ lɩmɖʊyʊ ɛnɛ ɛɛkɛna lɩmɖʊyʊ weyi ɛsɩŋgaɣna ɛyaa kɛ pɔɖɔnɛ-taa.
Ignace de Loyola tɛ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ kɛ ɛsɔ tɔm yɔɔ kɛŋna mbʊ piyeba nɛ katolika ŋgbɛyɛ ɖɑɣnɩ ɖɩ-tɩ cɔnaʊ camɩyɛ yɔ. Ɛ-ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɛñɔza yɔ, ɖɩkɛna tiyu tɛ ŋgbɛyɛ nɛ ɖɩwɛ Ɛndɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa, Afrika nɛ Amerika nɛ hadɛ kiŋ hɔɔlɩɣ taa. Papa Grégoire XV kpana-ɩ kiɖeɖeu kɛ lakɩŋ fenaɣ 1622 ɛlɛ kɩlaʊ keliizaɣ taa lɛ, pɔtɔkɩ Ignace de Loyola kiɖeɖeu kazandʊ kɛ hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 31 wiye. Ɛzɩmaa Ignace de Loyola pɩsa ɛ-laŋgɩyɛ Ignace de Loyola kaawɛna pɩnzɩ ɛzɩ 30 lɛ, ɛsʊʊ sɔɔjɛtʊ taa nɛ tɩ-taa kɛ pɩɩkʊ ɛ-nɩŋgbaŋaɣ nɛ ɛ-yɔɔ kɔma nɛ pɩcɛ lɛ, lɛɛka kɩlɩ lɛɛka ñɩɩɩ yem. Pɩlaba mbʊ nɛ ɛɛtasɩɣ pɩzɩɣ se ɛna sɔɔjanaa takayɩsɩ nɛ ɛkalɩ lɛ, ɛpaɣzɩ ɛsɔ tɔm takayasɩ nɛ ɛyaa kiɖeɖema takayisɩ kɛ kalɩɣ. Ɛkala Ludolphe le Saxon takayaɣ ŋga kɔyɔɔdɩɣ Yesu fezu caɣʊ tɔm yɔ. Ɛkala takayasɩ nzɩ sɩ-taa pɔyɔɔdɩɣ ɛyaa kiɖeɖema fezu caɣʊ yɔ. Takayasɩ nzɩ ɛkalaa nɛ ɛɖaŋɩɣ ɛ-wezu caɣʊ kɛ cɔnaʊ nɛ sɔɔndʊ paɣzɩ-ɩ kpaʊ. Ɖom nabʊyʊ taa kɛ ɛna Pɛlɔ Maria nɛ Pʊwa Yesu. Kpaagbaa mbʊ lɛ, eyele ɛ-lakasɩ kɩpɩnzɩ nɛ ɛlɛɣzɩ fezu caaʊ.
Ɛ-yɔɔ cɛba wayɩ lɛ, eyele ɛ-ɖɩwa kɛ lɛlaɣ fenaɣ taa pɩnaɣ 1522 nɛ ɛɖɛɛ Yerusalɛm. Ɛ-nɔmɔʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa kɛ ɛtalɩ Pariseloni, Penedikiti mba ɛsɔ sɛtʊ lone taa nɛ eheyi ɛ-kɩwɛɛkɩm taa kɛ layʊ weyi payaɣ-ɩ se Chanon yɔ ɛcɔlɔ. Ɛcaɣ peeɖe kɛ afema naatozo nɛ pɩwayɩ lɛ, pɩsa nɛ ɛwɩlɩ kaɣlaa se ɛcɛla ɛ-tɩ kɛ ɛsɔ nɛ ɛyeba ɛ-sɔɔjɛtʊ lɛ, ɛhɔzɩ ɛ-sɔɔjɛtʊ wondu nɛ ɛ-malɩfanaa nɛ epuzi Maria nɛ Yesu pɛ-tɛ anjaʊ cɔlɔ. Ɛlaba mbʊ nɛ ɛtɛ lɛ, ɛsuu toko yuulee nakʊyʊ nɛ nimiye naɖɩyɛ yem kɛ ɛtama ɛ-tɩnaɣ taa. Mbʊ eyeba nɛ ɛkpaɣnɔmɔʊ nɛ ɛɖɛɛ ɛcaɣ Manrɛzɩ kɛ kɛ Katalɔnɩ tɛtʊ taa nɛ ɛcɛlɛ ɛ-tɩ ɛsɔ yeli.


c: text/html

text:
Kɛdɛɛka (voile)
Kɛdɛɛka kɛna n̄ʋʋ wonuu kuhuzuu. Halaa sakɩyɛ tɔŋ size peteŋ kɛdɛɛka. Ɛyʋ ɛtɩnɩ tɔm piye yaa tɔmʋʋ tem tɔm kɔyɔ, ɛtɛma tɩlɩʋ kpaagbaa size kɛdɛɛka tem tɔm pɔyɔdʋ mbʋ yɔ. Wezuu taa lɛ, n̄ʋʋ tem kɩkɛ kɛdɛɛka ŋga, kabɩzʋʋ kɛkɛna wonuu ŋgʋ, halaa yaa pɛlaɣ sakɩyɛ suu kɛ yɔ.
Posuu kɛ mbʋ yɔɔ lɛ, pɩwɩlɩ size, pɛtɛma wɛnaʋ walaa. Kɛdɛɛka ŋga, keyeki nɛ abalaa ɛɛtasʋʋ cɔnaʋ pɛlaa nɛ halaa panɛ pe-ɖeɖe. Ɖɩpɩzɩɣ ɖɩkpaɣ ɛzɩ, malɩŋ Ɛsɔ sɛyaa kɛdɛɛka mbʋ yɔ. Malɩŋ kɛdɛɛkasɩ nasɩyɛ hɩla kɔyɔ : Hijab, nɛ Niqab ɖɔɖɔ, nɛ ŋga payaɣ-kɛ size Burqa, nɛ pɩtasɩna Tchador.
Afrika kedeŋa taa lɛ, malɩŋ Ɛsɔ sɛyaa kɛdɛɛka wɛ nɛ pɩsaŋ kuzusuŋ ñɛwɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ. Pɛ-tɛ pɩsaŋ kɛdɛɛkasɩ wonduu panaɣ Krɩstʋ Ɛsɔ kɩlaŋ layaa cɔlɔ. Pɩ-tɛ kɛdɛɛkasɩ nzɩɩ payaɣna fransɩɩ kʋnʋŋ taa size "mantille", "Guimpe". Kuduyuŋ sɔsɔŋ maʋ hɔɔlʋʋ taa lɛ, kɛdɛɛka kɛna kuduyuŋ matʋ yaa mbʋ payaɣna fransɩ kʋnʋŋ taa size "charpente" yɔ pɩ-labʋ. Popuzuu ɖɔɖɔ kɛdɛɛkasɩ nɔnɔsɩ yɔɔ.

robotstxt: allowed

filter: keep


text:
Béla Bartók
Palʊla Béla Viktor János Bartók kɛ lakɩŋ fenaɣ 25 wiye pɩnaɣ 1889 kɛ Panat tɛtʊ taa Otirisii-Hɔŋgrii ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ ɛsɩ salaŋ fenaɣ 26 wiye pɩnaɣ 1945 ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 64. Béla Viktor János Bartók sɩba Niwu-Yɔrkɩ tɛtʊ taa, Etaazunii taa. E-fezu caɣʊ taa lɛ, tʊma sɔsɔna wena ɛlaba yɔ akpɛnda naatozo: hendu lʊɖʊ, caanaʊ taa wendu kpɛlɛkɩyʊ nɛ tɩtɩlʊ nɛ piyano maɖʊ.
Sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa pawɩlʊ soo mabʊ nɛ payaɣ-kʊ se Franz Liszt yɔ kɩ-taa ɛlaba e-sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ nɛ ɛna weyi pakɩlaɣ tʊma labʊ yɔ ɛnʊ yɔ Zoltán Kodály. Ɛ-cɩcaanaa kɔyɔ István Thomán nɛ László Erkel Hans von Koessler. Béla Bartók kɛŋna kacalaɣ-tʊ weyɩ ɛñɩna ethnomusicologie yɔ nɛ e-fezu caɣʊ nɛ ɛ-tʊma taa payɩ lɛ etotuu ɛtɛkɛɛ, Hɔŋrii tɛtʊ taa kɛ ɛwɛɛ.
Payaɣ Béla Viktor János Bartók ɖoo se Paula Bartók nɛ ɛkɛ wɩlɩʊ sukuli cikpeluu nakʊyʊ taa nɛ ɛ-caa ñɛkɛ haɖaʊ sukuli cɩkpelu nakʊyʊ yɔɔ cɔnɩyʊ nɛ e-neu kɔyɔ Elza Bartók (1885–1955). Ɛ-ñɩma mba paakɛ ɖɔɖɔ hendu teyaa. E-ɖoo paɣza-ɩ piyano kpɛlɛkʊʊ lɛ Béla kaawɛna pɩnzɩ kagbaanzɩ.


text:
Kwivri
Kwivri ñɩɣtʊ pɛkpɛndaa nɛ pala ñɩɣyʊʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ se pʊrɔnzɩ (bronze) yɔ. Ɛlɛ, sɔnɔ yɔ Kwivri nɛ etɛŋ pa-ñɩɣtʊ pɛkpɛndaa nɛ pɩpɩsɩ pʊrɔnzɩ ñɩɣyʊʊ.
Takayɩsɩ maʊ taa lɛ, payaɣ pʊrɔnzɩ ñɩɣyʊʊ ɖɔɖɔ se ɛɛrɛɛ (airain). Mbʊ payaɣ se kampanolozii (campanologie) yɔ, pʊ-tʊmɩyɛ labʊ taa lɛ, pʊrɔnzɩ kɛ ñɩɣtʊ ndʊ pɛkpɛndaa nɛ poluki ɛgaŋgala yɔ.
Ñɩɣtʊ ndɩ ndɩ pɛkpɛndaa nɛ pala pʊrɔnzɩ ñɩɣyʊʊ. Ñɩɣtʊ ndʊ pɛkpɛndaa yɔ, ndʊʊ yɔ : Kwivri nɛ alimiiniyɔɔm nɛ plɔɔm (plomb) nɛ periliyɔɔm (béryllium) nɛ maŋganɛzɩ nɛ tuŋgistɛɛn (tungstène). Ñɩɣtʊ ndɩ ndɩ ndʊ, tɩ-taa lɛ, Kwivri kɩlɩna ɖɔʊ pʊrɔnzɩ taa. Pɛtɛyɩ pʊrɔnzɩ tam mɩnɩʊ yɔ, Kwivri kɛ hɔɔlʊʊ 60 mpilim. Halɩ kɩpɩzɩɣ kɩtalɩ hɔɔlʊʊ 95 mbʊ yɔ. Papɩzɩɣ pana ɖɔɖɔ pʊrɔnzɩ taa silisiyɔɔm (silicium) nɛ fɔsɩfɔrɩ nɛ sɛŋkɩ pazɩ pazɩ.
Ñɩɣtʊ ndɩ ndɩ ndʊ palabɩna pʊrɔnzɩ yɔ, tɩɩmʊʊ kalɩkɔdaɣ, tɩɩwɛɛkɩɣ, pɩtɛ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, tɩɩpʊkɩ kaʊ. Ɛlɛ, wondu ndʊ palabɩna pʊrɔnzɩ ñɩɣyʊʊ yɔ, yee palakɩ-tʊ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ lɩm taa kɔyɔ, tɩpɩzɩɣ tɩwɛɛkɩ yaa tɩpʊʊ. Ñɩɣtʊ ndʊ tɩhɔŋ laatriki miŋ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ. Ñɩɣtʊ ndʊ ɖɔɖɔ pakayɩɣna asiyee ñɩɣyʊʊ yɔɔ. Weyi ɛlakɩ pʊrɔnzɩ yɔ, payaɣ-ɩ se pʊrɔnziyee (bronzier).
Kuviri kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 29 nɛ yʊsaɣ mayaɣ kɔyɔ Cu. Pɩkɛ ñɩɣlɩm pɩyʊ. Pʊtʊnaa caɣyɛ kpata taa lɛ, kuviri nɛ liidiye nɛ sika po-lona kɛ kʊyʊmdɩyɛ. Ɛwɛ tɛtʊ pɔɔɖɛ taa, ɛtakɩlɩ ɖɔʊ ɛlɛ ɛwɛɛ paa fezuu ŋgʊ lɛ kɩ-taa. Sakɩyɛ taa ɛyʊ kɩlɩna-ɩ labɩnaʊ tʊmɩyɛ ɛzɩ ɛkɛʊ ñɩɣlɩm wonuu yɔ. Kuviri kɛ ñɩɣlɩm pʊtʊnaa weyi ɛwɛna tɔlɩm ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ sika nɛ Osɩmɩyɔm.
Nabʊyʊ naa taa lɛ paya-ɩ se kuviri kɩsɛmʊʊ ŋgʊ ɛsɛ haʊ taa lɛ, pɩkɛ kuviri nɛ zɩŋkɩ nɛ patʊɣɩ-ɩ hɩɖɛ se sʊtʊ sɛmɩŋ kuviri. Pɩkɛ tɛyɩŋ ñɩɣlɩm pɩyʊ mbʊ lɛ, ɛmʊʊ latriki miŋ nɛ pɩtɩŋna pʊyɔɔ nɛ ɛ-tʊma ɖɔɔ sakɩyɛ. Palakɩna tʊmɩyɛ kuduyiŋ maʊ taa nɛ ɛwɛ kpɛndɩtʊ sakɩyɛ taa, kuviri kpɛndʊʊ wonduu taa.
Kuviri, nɔnɔnɔɔ tɛ ñɩɣlɩm wonuu kɩlabɩnaʊ, ɛkɛ ñɩɣlɩm wonuu kɩbɩnʊʊ ŋgʊ ɛyʊ kaalabɩna tʊmɩyɛ kpem yɔ. Ɛkɩlɩɣ miŋ saʊ pʊcɔ eyoli, pɩwɛ kɛlɛʊ yem se papasɩ kalɩkɔdaɣ kuviri taa pɩtɩŋna paa ɖeɣa nɔɔ taa miŋ yɔɔ, mbʊ panaa lɛɣlɛ.
Paana kuviri tɛ yoluu ɖooo hoohoo kɛ helim mizisi taa Iran pʊʊ taa Sialh 3 kɩbɩnjaazɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ lone yɔɔ, pɩkɛ pɩnzɩ agbaba 5 hɛkʊ alɩwaatʊ pʊcɔ palʊlɩ Yeesuu Krɩstʊ, mbʊ yɔ pɩtalɩ pɩnzɩ kudokiŋ lʊbɛ. Pɩnzɩ talɩ kudokiŋ loɖo pohuyuu ñɩɣlɩm tɛtʊ se pɩsa nɛ palɩzɩ kuviri yɔ wɛ kʊyʊmʊm Eurasi hɔɔlɩŋ tɩŋga nɛ Afrika nɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ Sinai malasite yɔ kɛ Egipiti kɩbɩnʊʊ tɛ ɖenɖe pohuyaɣ tɛtɛɛ ñɩm pʊñɔtɩna pɩnzɩ 4500 pʊcɔ palʊlɩ Yeesuu Krɩstʊ.


text:
Kpou
Ɛzɩma pamaɣ kpou ? Pɛcɛzɩɣ kpɩnandʋ sakɩyɛ. Cʋʋ kɩsɛmʋʋ payaɣ se kpɩnandʋ. Pɛcɛzɩ-tʋ nɛ pokuu powona pohuti lone naɖɩyɛ taa. Pokuu-tʋ nɛ pʋɖɔɔ lɛ, pañɩŋ-tʋ, pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se pɔhɔɔyɩɣ tɩ-yɔɔ lɩm pazɩ pazɩ kɩyakɩŋ naadozo yaa naanza mbʋ yɔ.
Pʋwayɩ lɛ, pañɩnɩ pɩñɩtʋ. Ñɩtʋ cikpetu natʋyʋ payaɣ mbʋ. Ñɩtʋ ndʋʋ paɖʋʋ kpɩnandʋ taa nɛ ponuuti. Pɩñɩtʋ ndʋ tɩlakɩna nɛ kpou ɛɛyaɣ. Pesidiɣ pɩñɩtʋ ndʋ nɛ kpɩnandʋ lɛ, ponuuti pɩtɩŋa. Ponuutuu nɛ pɩpɩɩ camɩyɛ lɛ, pasɩɩ kpou tɔbʋʋ. Pɩyɛ tayɩ naɖɩyɛ yɔɔ pasɩɣ kpou tɔbʋʋ. Pamaɣ kpou pazɩ pazɩ. Paamaɣ kpou nɛ pakʋ-kʋ evemiye kʋɖʋmɖɩyɛ. Yee kpeɣa pamaɣ kɔyɔ, papɩzɩɣ pama-kɛ nɛ kpɩtaŋ naalɛ. Kpou cikpeluu payaɣ se kpeɣa. Ɛlɛ, yee pɩkɛ kpou sɔsɔʋ kɔyɔ, ɛyʋ kpakɩɣ fenaɣ mpilim nɛ ɛmana-kʋ.
Tam kʋɖʋmbʋ pamaɣ kpou evemiye taa. Ɛlɛ, yee kpɩnandʋ ɛwɛ tɛyɩɣ camɩyɛ kɔyɔ, papɩzɩɣ pama kpou tam naalɛ evemiye taa. Yee ɛyʋ ɛsɔɔlaa se ɛma e-kpou tam nabʋlɛ evemiye taa kɔyɔ, pʋpɔzʋʋ se pañɩŋ kpɩnandʋ ɖoo taa nɛ papazɩ-tʋ nuutuu tɛbɩyɛ. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se pʋwɛɛ se pama-kʋ lɔŋ nɛ pʋcɔ ninɖiyaa wɩsɩ talɩ. Pʋbʋ, matʋ pɩzɩɣ tɩwɩlɩ nɛ pʋcɔ wɩsɩ siɣ. Yee mbʋ, wɩsɩ siɣu wayɩ lɛ, papɩzɩ patasɩ tanaŋ tɛɛ matʋ yɔɔ tɩnɩʋ. Pamaɣ kpou nɛ pakʋ-kʋ nɛ pɩtɛ lɛ, paɖaɣnɩ ñɩnɩʋ pɩñɩtʋ nɛ pesidina kpɩnandʋ nɛ ponuuti pɩpɩɩ camɩyɛ nɛ pama kpɛndɛɛɖɛ. Kaaʋ kɩwalʋʋ yɔɔ pamaɣ kpɛndɖɛɛɖɛ. Pamaɣ-ɖɩ nɛ peseɣ-ɖɩ kpɩtaʋ mpilim wayɩ. Kpɛndɛɛɖɛ posuluu kpou yɔɔ nɛ tɛʋ ɛtaatii kpou taa. Pʋwayɩ lɛ, palʋʋ kpandɩ nɛ posuu-kʋ. Pʋbʋ wayɩ lɛ, palʋʋ hokuu nɛ papa kpɛndɛɛɖɛ yɔɔ nɛ tɛʋ ɛtaayele nɛ ɖɩyɔlɩ.
Kpoŋ wɛ ndɩ ndɩ. Kpoŋ cikpeŋ wɛɛ, ɛnʋʋ payaɣ se kpeɣsi. Kpoŋ sɔsɔŋ kɩmaɣnaŋ ñɛwɛɛ nɛ kpoŋnaalɛ ñɩŋ ñɛwɛɛ. Kpoŋnaadozo ñɩŋ wɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ. Halɩ kpoŋnaanza ñɩŋ ñɛwɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ.
Kpoŋ wɛ wazaɣ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ. Ɛ-taa kabɩyɛ tʋ ɖʋʋ ɛ-hayɩm taa tɔɔnasɩ ndɩ ndɩ. Kpou taa tɔɔnaɣ wɛ yoŋ pɩkɩlɩ saakɩnaa yaa piitɔɔnaa taa tɔɔnasɩ. Sɩsɩ wɛ kpooluu pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ.
Kabɩyɛ pɩɣa, taasɔɔ kpou yɔɔ kaʋ !


text:
Cléopatre
Cléopatre lʋbɛ tʋ hɩɖɛ kɩsɛsɛyɛ kɛlɛ Théa Philopator. Hɩɖɛ Cléopatre tɔbʋʋ kɛlɛ se weyi ɛsɔɔlɩ ɛ-caa pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ yɔ. Patasa-ɩ hɩɖɛ haʋ se Théa Néôteria Philopatris. Ɖɩɖɩ tɔbʋʋ kɛlɛ se ɛsɔ halɩñɩnʋ kɩfalʋ weyi ɛsɔɔlɩ ɛ-ɛjaɖɛ yɔ. Awiya pɛlaa payaɣ Cléopatre waa Egipiti ɛjaɖɛ taa. Egipiti ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa ɛsɔnaa ɖɔ sakɩyɛ.
Ɖoɖoo ɛnɛ ɛkɛ caanaʋ Egipiti tɛ Abiɖe. Ɛkɛ samaɣ ŋga payaɣ se Ptoleme waa yɔ, ke-liɖe taa tʋ. Palʊlɩ-ɩ nɛ pɩla pɩnzɩ nɩnʋwa nɛ hiu nɛ pɩnzɩ nakʋ (69) nɛ pʋcɔ palʋlɩ ɖa-Ñʋʋyaɖʋ Yeesuu-Krɩstʋ. Ɛsɩba kɩyɛɛna fenaɣ kɩyakʋ hiu nɛ naalɛ ñɩŋgʋ wiye. Ɛsɩba nɛ pɩla pɩnzɩ niidozo (30) nɛ pʋcɔ palʋlɩ kedeŋa Ñʋʋyaɖʋ Yeesuu-Krɩstʋ.
Alexandre tɛtʋ taa palʋla-ɩ. Ɛ-caa kɛlɛ Ptolémé naalɛ tʋ. E-ɖoo kɛlɛ Cléopatre loɖo tʋ. Ɛlɛ kɛ Tiriphème tɛtʋ taa tʊ halʋ. Abiɖe Cléopatre lʋbɛ tʋ keɖiyi Egipiti ɛjaɖɛ kpaɣ pɩnaɣ nɩɩnʋwa (51) nɛ kʋɖʋmaɣ nɛ puwolo pɩsɩɩna pɩnaɣ niidozo (30) nɛ pʋcɔ palʋlɩ ɖa-Ñʋʋyaɖʋ Yeesuu-Krɩstʋ. Ɛ nɛ ɛ-ɖalaa nɛ ɛ-walʋ Ɖajaa Ptolémé hiu nɛ naanza tʋ peɖiyaɣna Egipiti ɛjaɖɛ alɩwaatʋ ndʋ tɩ-taa.
Abiɖe Cléopatre lʋbɛ tʋ kaɖʋ taabalɩyɛ nɛ Ɖajaa Jules César nɛ Ɖajaa Marc Antoine. Ɖajaa Marc Antoine kɛkɛ Room ɛjaɖɛ taa sɔɔja sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ. Abiɖe Cléopatre lʋbɛ tʋ nɛ ɖajaanaa panɛ pa-naalɛ pa-taabalɩyɛ yebina nɛ patɩlɩ-ɩ kedeŋa kpeekpe yɔɔ. Abiɖe ɖɩnɛ, ɖɩlʋlɩna ɛyaa sɔsaa naalɛ panɛ nɛ piya sakɩyɛ.
You cikpeluu nakʋyʋ kalɩ Ɖajaa Marc Antoine nɛ Ɖajaa Octave pɛ-hɛkʋ taa. Abiɖe Cléopatre lʋbɛ tʋ kaɖʋ nɔɔ you ŋgʋ kɩ-taa. Ɛlɛ, pawaba-ɩ you ŋgʋ kɩlaba pɩnaɣ 31 ñɩŋga taa Actium tɛtʋ taa yɔ.


text:
Astatɩ
Astatɩ, paasɩma-ɩ ɖooo alɩwaatu natʊyʊ taa nɛ hɩla anɛyɔ eka-iode yaa alabame, ɛkɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 85 nɛ yʊsaɣ ñɩŋa yɔ At. Palakɩ-ɩ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ piŋ kɛ ɖɔkɔtɔ nɔmɔʊ taa.
Astatɩ (Ɛnglɩsɩ kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ astatine, pɩtɩŋna krɛkɩ yɔɔ astatos pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se ɛfɛyɩ ɖiɣɖiɣ). Pɩnaɣ 1869, alɩwaatʊ ndʊ Dimitri Mendeleïv susaɣa ɛ-tɛ pʊtʊnaa tɛ caɣyɛ kpata lɛ, ɩyɔdɩ tɛ kaawɛ hooo. Pʊcɔ posusi keelee ɛ-tɛ natʊ tɔm lɛ, paaya-ɩ se éka-iode (eka-iodine Ɛnglɩsɩ taa), nɛ pɩwɩlɩɣ se ɛɛwɛ ɩyɔdɩ tɛɛ kɛnɛ. Lɛɣtʊ tɩnaa takɩ cɛyɩ pa-tɩ se paana-ɩ kedeŋga taa, ɛzɩma ɛtɔtɔyɩ yɔ, natʊ sakɩyɛ kɛ cɛtɩm tɔm.
Kajalaɣ pɩɣyɩɣ pɩlɩna éka-iode yɔɔ yɔ paalaba-tʊ pɩnaɣ 1932 pɩtɩŋna Fred Allison nɛ ɛ-ɛgbaɣdɩnaa mba paawɛ Alabama laɣsɩ sakɩyɛ sukuli taa (ŋgʊ pɩsɩna sɔnɔ Auburn sukuli sɔsɔʊ). Ɛyaa mba paha-ɩ hɩɖɛ se alabame (alabamine Ɛnglɩsɩ kʊnʊŋ taa) pɩlɩna Alabama nɛ yʊsaɣ mayaɣ kɛ Am, pʊwayɩ yɔɔ pɛlɛza nɛ pɩpɩsɩ Ab.
Yʊsaɣ mayaɣ Ab kaakɛ pʊtʊ 85 takayasɩ sakɩyɛ taa kedeŋga kpeekpe you sɔsɔʊ ŋgʊ alɩwaatʊ taa. Pɩnaɣ 1937 lɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkɩyʊ Rajendralal De yɔɔdɩ pʊtʊ 85 natʊ tɔm pɩtɩŋna monazite ŋgʊ ɛyaa se dakin yɔ (pʊwɛ ɛzɩ Dacca yɔ) nɛ dekhine.


text:
Hʋzʋʋ
Ɛyʋ wɛna hʋzʋŋ naalɛ: nesi kɩpanzɩ yɔɔ ñɩŋʋ nɛ nɩmɩyɛ yɔɔ ñɩŋʋ. Ɛyʋ laŋɩyɛ taa hokasi nasɩyɛ wɛna nɛ sɩtaŋ hʋzʋŋ ɛnʋ ɛnɩɩlɛ. Ɛyʋ laŋgɩyɛ taa lɛ hʋzʋŋ kɛna mbʋ papɩzɩɣ nɛ payaa se kaɖɛ ɖeɖe yɔ. Hʋzʋŋ wɛ sɩnasɩ, laŋɩyɛ nɛ siɣye pɛ-hɛkʋ taa. Hʋzʋŋ taa kɛ heelim mbʋ ɛyʋ fezuu yɔ pɩwoki nɛ ɛnʋ lɩzɩɣna heelim mbʋ pɩ-taa anaɣam nɛ pɩcalɩ tomnaɣ kpeekpe pɩkasɩ nɛ mʋbʋ pɩfɛyɩ ɖeu yɔ pɩɖaɣnɩ lɩʋ.
Hʋzʋʋ ŋgʋ kɩwɛna nesi kɩpanzɩ yɔɔ yɔ kɩtɛyɩ tam naatozo: hʋzʋʋ ŋgʋ kɩ-hay naalɛ kiŋ wɛɛ, kɩ-hadɛ kiŋ wɛɛ nɛ pɩtasɩna kɩ-hɛkʋ taa. Piyele nɩmɩyɛ ŋgʋ wɛna hɔɔlɩŋ naalɛ: hayʋ kiŋ nɛ hadɛ kiŋ. Hʋzʋʋ naatozo
ñɩŋʋ wɛna hɔɔlɩŋ naalɛ ɛzɩ nɩmɩyɛ ñɩŋʋ ɖɔɖɔ yɔ.


text:
Awuusa kʊnʊŋ
Awuusa kʊnʊŋ kɛ Caadɩ kiŋ kʊnʊŋ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ-kʊ Afrika wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa kiŋ, Peenɛɛ nɛ Purkina Fasoo nɛ Kameruni nɛ Kotidiivʊwaari nɛ Kana nɛ [Nizɛɛrɩ (Niger)|Nizɛɛrɩ]] nɛ Naajeeriya nɛ Suudaŋ nɛ Caadɩ nɛ Togo ajɛya taa yɔ. Ɛyaa miiliyɔɔ ɛzɩ nɩnɩwa ntalɩ nɛ hiŋ loɖo halɩ ŋwolo ɛzɩ hiŋ lʊbɛ mbʊ yɔ pɩzʊʊ ɖɔkʊʊ nɛ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ yɔɔdʊtʊ ndɩ ndɩ kpaɖʊ yɔ kpaɖʊ. Mba paba palʊlɩ-wɛ kɩ-ta nɛ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ-kʊ yɔ patala miiliyɔɔ waa nɛɛlɛ nɛ kɩgbanzɩ puwolo pɩtalɩ hiu waa naatozo nɛ naanza.
Awuusa wɛ ɖɔɖɔ Afro-Aziyatiki kʊnʊmɩŋ cejewiye taa payayɩ-ɩ ɖɔɖɔ se samito-sémitiki. Kɩlɩna Caadɩ kʊnʊmɩŋ agbela taa. Caadɩ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ agbela cɩkpena taa kʊnʊmɩŋ. Pɛtɛyɩ Caadɩ kʊnʊmɩŋ tɔm naanza taa kɛ kʊnʊmɩŋ cɩkpeŋ.
Awuusa kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ-kʊ keeke Naajeeriya ɛjaɖɛ taa kɛnɛ. Ɛyaa miiliyɔɔ waa hiŋ naatozo yɔɔdʊʊ-kʊ. Nɩzɛɛrɩ ɛyaa miiliyɔɔ waa 9360000. Kana ɛyaa miiliyɔɔ waa naalɛ. Kotidiivʊwaari ɛyaa 121000. Kameruni ɛyaa 400000. Caadɩ ɛyaa 200000. Suudaŋ ɛyaa 600000. Pɔyɔɔdʊʊ-kʊ ɖɔɖɔ ajɛyɛ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ ndɩ ndɩ sakɩyɛ wena a-taa palakɩ tadɩyɛ siŋ yɔ.
Sɔnɔ, Awuusa kʊnʊŋ pɩsa samaɣ hɛkʊ taa kʊnʊŋ (tadɩyɛ) Afrika Wɩsɩ Ɖɩɖʊyɛ nɛ Afrika Hɛkʊ taa. Awuusa kʊnʊŋ mɩza ajɛya hɔɔlɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ taa, tʊma sakɩyɛ anaasayɩ ɖʊ ɛ-tɛ ñɩɩtʊ nɛ tɩyekɩ nɛ ɛyʊ nɩɣ ɖoo polɩŋ taa ajɛyɛ lɛɛna yɔ tɔm.
Awuusa kʊnʊŋ kɛ Naajeeriya nɛ Hayi kɩŋ tɛ kewiyaɣ kʊnʊŋ nɛ kɩ-kɛ [Nizɛɛrɩ (Niger)|Nizɛɛrɩ]] ɛjaɖɛ tɛ kʊnʊŋ. Kʊnʊŋ kɩmamaʊ lɩna kano yɔɔdɔɣ cɔlɔ. Pama Awuusa kʊnʊŋ ɖooo pɩtalɩ pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ naalɛ, kɔɔnaɣ taa lɛ, pama-kʊ nɛ Arabɩ tɛ maʊ kpata tɛ masɩ, nɛ sakɩyɛ taa lɛ, Latɛnɩ maʊ kpata tɛ masɩ, ŋgʊ paɖʊ kpaɣɖʊ nɛɛlɛ ŋgʊ nɔɣ yɔ nɛ abalɩ masɩ naaza kʊsɔzɩsɩ.


text:
Pɔlɔnɩyɔm
Pɔlɔnɩyɔm kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 84 nɛ ɛ-yʊsaɣ ñɩŋa yɔ Po. Pɩkɛ ñɩɣyʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩwɛ kʊñɔŋ yɔ nɛ ɛwɛna cɛnzɩ tɔʊʊ tɛ ɖoŋ. Yeke koŋ agbele Po wɛna kɛɛkɛɛ ɛzɩ palʊlʊ-ɩ yɔ, ɛwɛ cazʊʊ cazʊʊ ʊranɩyɔm ñɩɣlɩm tɛtʊ taa (ɛkɛ pʊtʊ weyi pɔyɔkʊʊ radɔŋ pɩtɩŋna cɛnzɩ tɔʊʊ yɔ lɛ paan-ɩ yɔ nɛ ɛnʊ tɩna pɩjɛɖɛ kʊdɔmɩŋ).
Pɩkɛ kajalaɣ pʊtʊ weyi Pierre nɛ Marie Sklodowska-Curie panaa pɩnaɣ 1898 taa yɔ, pɩkɛ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ palakaɣ ñɩnɩɣ tʊmɩyɛ pechblende cɛnzɩ tɔʊʊ yɔɔ kɛ tomnasi ɖɔnɛ nɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ maalika sukuli taa (sɔnɔ ŋgʊ payaɣ se ESPCI Paarii tɛtʊ taa). Pʊwayɩ fayɩ yɔ pana radɩyɔm. Tɔmpiye pɔlɔnɩyɔm, palɩzɩ-ɖɩ mbʊ se paɖʊ hɩɖɛ Pɔɔlɔñɩ ɛyaa Marie Curie, ɖooo lɛ pɩɩkɛ Maria Sklodowska.
Pɔlɔnɩyɔm 210 tɛ cɛnzɩ tɔʊʊ wɛ ɖoŋ piŋ yebina nɛ ɛwɛɛ soŋgaɣ siŋ. Mbʊ tɩna nɛ Etaazuunii ɛjaɖɛ taa Argonne National Laboratory tɔŋ se soŋgaɣ ŋga kɩwɛʊ fʊwa ŋga ka-taa nɛ pɔlɔnɩyɔm 210 kɩɖam ŋñɩɩɩ pɩzɩɣ pɩcɛzɩ 500 °C. Pɔtɔŋ se ɛyaa 1% Etaazuunii ɛjaɖɛ taa wɛna pɩjɛɖɛ kʊɖɔŋ lɛ pɩtɩŋna Pɔlɔnɩyɔm 210 yɔɔ kɛnɛ pɩlɩna sɩgaa ñɔyaa yɔɔ.
Pɔkɔma pana pɔlɔnɩyɔm sɩgaa ñɔsɩ taa pɩnzɩ 1960 paɣzɩtʊ wɛɛ taa lɛ, mba polukaɣ sɩgaa ŋgʊ nɛ pʊɖɔʊʊ Amerika taa yɔ pazɩ lɩmaɣza labʊ mbʊ ɛzɩ pala nɛ papasɩ pʊtʊ ɛnʊ, puwokina nɛ Philip Morris yɔɔ kiŋ pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩ halɩ papɩzɩ patʊlɩ kajalaɣ wiluu nɛ takʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ ndɩ ɖɩpɩzɩ ɖɩmaɣzɩ ɛzɩma pakpaɣna nɛ pamaɣzɩ camɩyɛ mbʊ pɩpɩzɩ pɩwazɩ yɔ.


text:
Afʊwanɩ
Afʊwanɩ ŋgʊ pahayʊʊ (Avena sativa L.) nabʊyʊ taa payaɣ-kʊ se Afʊwanɩ byzantine kɛ tɩŋ ŋgʊ pɩnzɩ naalɛ wayɩ lɛ, kʊɖʊʊ pee yɔ, kɩ-tɛ nɛ Avena, tɩŋ weyi ɛɖʊ ñʊŋ yaa lɔtʊ yɔ ɛ-tɛ tɩmʊʊ liɖe taa, nɛ pahayʊʊ-kʊ ɛzɩ mʊlʊm pee tɩŋ yaa kpɩna hatʊ ndʊ pɛsɛtʊʊ nɛ lɛŋ yɔ, kʊɔñɔʊ lɛ, kɩ-tɛ ho wɛ nɛkɛ nɛkɛ nɛ pɩwɛ leleŋ nɛ lakʊ taa kpɩna tɩŋga sɔɔlɩ-yɛ. kɩwɛ mʊlʊm pee tɩŋ weyi ɛkɛ kesi yɔ ɛ-taa nɛ palakɩnɛ-yɛ tʊmɩyɛ kajalaɣ taa kɛ kpɩna tɔɔnaɣ nɔmɔʊ taa (kɔzɩ kɔzɩ kpɩnaa naŋgbanzɩ naanza nzɩ sɩtɛmna cɩkpalʊʊ kʊyʊmʊʊ yɔ).
Afʊwanɩ ŋgʊ payaɣ Avena kɩtaa wɛ ɖɔɖɔ afʊwanɩ ŋgʊ pahayʊʊ yɔ pɔɖɔɔ nɛ pɛwɛ ndɩ ndɩ kɔzɩ kɔzɩ Avena fatua, folle afʊwanɩ adventice haɖaaŋ sɔsɔɔŋ. Afʊwanɩ tɛ hɛtʊ taa wɛ abalɩtʊ nɛ halɩtʊ kpakpa nɛ heelim kpakʊʊ nɛ habalɩtʊ nɛ pawokina halɩtʊ cɔlɔ. Kɩtɛ ñɔʊ taa lɛ, kɩwɛna hayʊʊ ɛgbam kɛ ɖaʊ lɔɔ nakʊyʊ yɔ nɛ kɩ-ɖalakɩŋ maɣna sɛŋtɩmɛta naa 25 ŋtalɩ 150 mbʊ yɔ nɛ kɩyɔɔ pɔŋ wɛ ɖama taa. Kɩhatʊ yɔ fɛyɩ hʊndʊʊ ɛlɛ tɩɖalɩɣ, tɩwɛ ɖɔfɩɩ nɛ tɩwalanzɩ maɣna miliimɛtaa naa 2 ŋtalɩ 10 nɛ tɩcɔlʊʊ ɖama taa kɛ ɖaʊ yɔ.
Afʊwanɩ kɛ tɩŋ kʊdɔm wɛ ɖoŋ yɔ nɛ pʊdamʊna se pɔsɔ-kʊ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa fɛyɩ mʊzʊŋ yɔ yaa paapɩzɩɣ se paɖʊ peeɖe huɖe yaa anasaayɩ huɖe yɔ. Ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, kɩɩlakɩ ɖenɖe lɩ pɩzɩɣ se pɩwadɩ kʊyɔɔ yɔ yaa ɖenɖe piliki-kʊ yɔ. Paahayʊʊ-kʊ ɖenɖe lɩm wadɩ yɔ nɛ ɖenɖe tɛtʊ kɩlɩ yuŋ nɛ piyeki nɛ piliki-kʊ. Kɩɩlakɩ ɖɔɖɔ ɖenɖe kusoŋtuu wɛ tam yɔ, ɛzɩ ɖenɖe tɩŋ kɩlɩ ɖɔʊ yɔ.
Ɖɩcɔna kedeŋga kpeekpe yɔ kɔyɔ ɖinaɣ se afʊwanɩ haɖaʊ pasaa kpaɣ wayɩ wayɩ pɩnzɩ 50. Pʊtʊwaa kpaɣ miiliyɔɔ naa tɔɔnɩ naa 50 pɩnzɩ 1960 alɩwaatʊ taa ŋtalɩ miiliyɔɔ naa tɔɔnɩ naa 20 pɩnaɣ 2010 taa. Afʊwanɩ tatasɩ kɩkɛ kpɩna tɛ tɔɔna kɩpaŋga mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ samɩla nɛ ɔrɩgɩ lɛɛzɩ koloniyedaa.
Ajɛyɛ wena a-taa nikaɣ wɛ nɛ hayɩm wala yɔ a-taa kɛ afʊwanɩ haɖaʊ cɛyaa siŋ kedeŋga taa. Kedeŋga kpeekpe taa lɛ, Kanada ɛjaɖɛ kajalaɣ ɛjaɖɛ ndɩ ɖɩyekɩɣ nɛ polɩŋ taa (tɔɔnɩ naa miiliyɔɔ naa 2,1) nɛ Etaazuuni ñɛkɛnɛ kajalaɣ taa poliŋ taa mʊyʊʊ. Afʊwanɩ pee tɛ ŋgʊ palaka-kʊ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ paɖʊʊ kpaŋnaŋ mbʊ yɔ kɩwɛna setuu tɛ ɖoŋ nɛ pisetuu kpɩna. Kɩtɛ ɖoŋ wazaɣ tatalɩ pilee yaa ɔrɩgɩ.


text:
Televiziyɔɔ
Polindaa kɩlɛmɩŋ naʋ n̄ɩɣyʋʋ kʋnɛ, ŋgʋ payaɣna Fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa size "Télévision". N̄ɩnɩyaa laba tʋmɩyɛ siŋŋ kɛ polindaa kɩlɛmɩŋ naʋ n̄ɩɣyʋʋ kʋnɛ kɩlaɖɛ. N̄ɩɣyʋʋ kʋnɛ, kɩkɛ lɛɣtʋ kpɛm ndʋ tɩgbaɣ alɩwaatʋ siŋŋ yɔ.
Televiziyɔɔ kʋnɛ, kɩwazaɣ kɛlɛ size, kɩmʋ nɛ kitiyina yaa kɩyɛlɩna lɛlʋʋ lɛlʋʋ wayɩ ɛzɩ payaɣna Fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa size "séquence" yɔ. N̄ɩɣyʋʋ ŋgʋ kiyekina nɛ ɛyʋ naŋgbaŋgʋʋ nɩʋ tɔm nɛ kɩ-ɛsaɣ na kɩlɛmɩŋ.
Kɩlɛmɩŋ naʋ nɛ tɔm nɩʋ paya hɩɖɛ nɛ Fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa size "audiovisuelle". Kɛlɛʋ lɛ, pʋtɔbʋʋ size tamaɣ kɩwɩlaɣ nɛ payaɣna Fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa size "programme télévisé". Televiziyɔɔ kʋnɛ kɩwɛna yaa kɩlakɩ tʋma sɔsɔna sakɩyɛ.
N̄ɩɣyʋʋ ŋgʋ, ŋgʋ tiyiyunana yaa yɛlɩnana kɩlɛmɩŋ, kɩ-taa pɔcɔŋna filim waa, kɩ-yɔ ɖɔɖɔ patɩŋgʋna nɛ pawɩlɩʋ lɛlʋʋ lɛlʋʋ wayɩ susuu nɛ payaɣna Fransɩ kʋnʋŋ taa size "séquences publicitaires".
N̄ɩɣyʋʋ kʋnɛ, ŋgʋ yekina nɛ panɛ kɩlɛmɩŋ sakɩyɛ kɛ polindaa nɛ pɩcɔlɔ. Kɩkɛ Televiziyɔɔ sɔsɔʋ ŋgʋ kɩfɛyɩna ɖaʋʋ yɔ yaa maɣzɩyʋ yɩ. Kɩtamasɩ tʋma hɩla nayɛ kɔ yɔ nɛ Fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ matʋ taa : Televiziyɔɔ yaa métonymie, nɛ télévision yaa apocope télé, yaa siglaison TV.
Televiziyɔɔ lɩzɩyaa nabɛyɛ hɩla kɔ yɔ : ɖajaa sɔsɔ Paul Nipkow, nɛ ɖajaa John Logie Baird, nɛ pɩtasɩna ɖɔɖɔ ɖajaa Karl Ferdinand Braun, nɛ lɩmaɣza sɔsʋyʋ sɔsɔ ɖajaa Hovannes Adamian.


text:
Loma sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ
Loma sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ, pɩkɛ ɛyaa kpeekpe mba pɛwɛna waɖɛ se papɩzɩɣ pala sukuli ŋgʊ, kɩwɛ Loma tɛtʊ taa Togo ɛjaɖɛ. Patʊlɩ sukuli ŋgʊ Loma nɛ hayi kiŋ tɛtʊ taa, salaŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 14 pɩnaɣ 1970. Peenɛɛ sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ lɛɛzɩ mbʊ lɛ Peenɛɛ peeɖe sukuli sɔsɔʊ ŋgʊ ɖɩyaɣ se ISB ŋgʊ ŋgʊ kɩɩwɛ ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1965. Lakɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 9 pɩnaɣ 2001, pɛlɛzɩ hɩɖɛ sukuli ŋgʊ nɛ pɩpɩsɩ se Loma sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ.
Loma sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ wɛna kɩ-taa ɖɩwɩlɩyɛ pilinzi kagbaanzɩ nɛ sukuli naa loɖo nɛ tɩlɩyaa aŋgba naatozo. Ɖɩnaɣ lɛɣtʊ tɩnaa pɩlʊʊ (FDS), tɔnʊʊ taa alaafɩya piliŋga (FSS), tɔsʊʊ huu nɛ ɛzɩma tɔsʊʊ ɛɖɛna ɛsɩnda yɔ (FASEG), paɣtʊ tɩnaa hɔɔlʊʊ (FDD), takayasɩ mayaa nɛ ɛyʊ yɔɔ tɩlɩtʊ tɔm (FLESH).
Loma sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩwɛna ɖooo pɩnaɣ 2013 kɔlaɣ fenaɣ tɛmtʊ alɩwaatʊ taa kɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɖɩyaɣ se Wi-Fi, pʊtʊ ɛnʊ eyekina nɛ ɛyʊ tamsɩ ɛ-tɩ nɛ ɛjaɖɛ kpeekpe yɔɔ mbʊ kenkeŋ lakɩ yɔɔ, ɛntɛrɩnɛtɩ tɔm pɔyɔɔdʊʊ mbʊ yɔ.
Sukuli ŋgʊ kɩ-taa ɛyaa sɔsaa kɔyɔ
- Nicoué L. Gayibor : aloma fenaɣ pɩnaɣ 2003 ŋtalɩ kɩyɛɛna fenaɣ pɩnaɣ 2006.
- Koffi Ahadzi-Nonou : kɩyɛɛna fenaɣ pɩnaɣ 2006 ŋtalɩ aloma fenaɣ pɩnaɣ 2014.
- Messanvi Gbeassor : aloma fenaɣ pɩnaɣ 2014 ŋtalɩ agoza fenaɣ pɩnaɣ 2016.
- Komla Dodzi Kokoroko : kpaɣ ɖooo agoza fenaɣ taa pɩnaɣ 2016.


text:
Anɩza kʊdɔŋ
Anɩza kʊdɔŋ kɛ kʊdɔŋ kɩɖɛɖɛʊ ɛyʊ lotu taa. Kudɔŋ ŋgʊ kʊdɔm wɛ kiɖi kiɖi yaa pɩwɛ ɖoŋ. Kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ pasɩma-kʊ nɛ mbʊ yɔ se pɩlakɩŋ pɩndʊ nɩɣʊ ɖoŋ ɖoŋ nɛ pɩwɛ kahʊyaa tɩyɛ nɛ pɩkpɛndɩna calɩm nɛ mʊʊna nɛ pɩwɩɣ ɛyʊ lotu kpɩŋ kpɩŋ. Ɛbɛ cɔlɔ kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ kɩlɩna, nabʊyʊ taa ɛyʊ ɛtɔɔ tɔɔnaɣ nakɛyɛ nɛ ka-taa ɛwɛ pɩyʊʊ mbʊ ɛyʊ loyuu tɔsɔɔlɩ kɔyɔ pɔkɔŋna kʊɖɔŋ ŋgʊ ɛ-tɔɔnʊ taa.
Keeke taa lɛ, anɩza kʊdɔŋ wɛ tindime naalɛ. Kajalaɣ lɛ, ŋñɩɩ cɛkaɣ anɩza kʊdɔŋ. Tɔbʊʊ se ŋñɩɩ cɩkaɣ tɩna kɩ-tɛ paɣzɩɣ. Naalɛ ŋgʊ lɛ, lɩm taa kɩɖalʊʊ kɩlɛzɩyʊ ɛlɛ ɖɩpɩzɩɣ ɖɩyaa se amibi. Ɛlɛ tɩna kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ kɩ-tɛ paɣzɩɣ ɛyʊ tomnaɣ taa.
Pɩwɛ kaɖɛ se ɛyʊ ɛtɩlɩ kʊdɔmɩŋ ɖoŋ ɖoŋ ñɩŋ weyi paayɔda ɛ-dɔm yɔ canaʊ taa se ɛkɛ ɖeɖe nɛ sɔnɔ taa kʊdɔmɩŋ. Ɛlɛ yɔɔdasɩ sakɩyɛ taa kajalaɣ yɔɔdaɣ nakɛyɛ tɔŋ se anɩza kʊdɔmɩŋ sɔsɔŋ kaakɛ weyi Tour tɛ Grégoire kaayɔɔda ɛ-tɔm yɔ. Ɛ-nʊ yebina nɛ patɩlɩ se kʊdɔŋ kɩɖɛʊ siŋ kpaɣɖʊ 6 alɩwaatʊ taa nɛ ɛ-cɔlɔ lɛ kɩkpa wiyaʊ Chipéric Kajalaɣ tʊ nɛ ɛ-pɩyalaa naalɛ. Tɩnʊʊ nɛ kajalaɣ pɩɣa Chlodebert. Piyaa mba pa-naalɛ pasɩna-kʊ nɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ Gaule tɛ piyaa yɔ.
Paayɔɔda anɩza naayɛ tɔm Ɛsɔ tɔm takayaɣ taa se Paul kiɖeɖeʊ wazaɣ nɛ hama lakasɩ kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ kɛ ɛ-caa nɔyʊ tɛ ɖɩɣa taa. Ɖɩnaɣ tɔm ndʊ apostolo waa tʊma labʊ takayaɣ ñʊŋ 28 nɛ cɛcɛsɩ 8 taa. Cɛcɛ ɛ-nʊ ɛɛhɩna nɛ niikaɣ sɔsɔ nakɛyɛ sʊ-ɩ nɛ pɩtamna anɩza. Paul sʊ ɛ-ɖɩɣa taa nɛ ɛla atɩma, ɛkpazɩ e-nesi ɛ-yɔɔ nɛ ɛwayɩ-ɩ ɛ-kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ.
Anɩza wena alɩna ŋñɩɩ cɩkaɣ cɔlɔ yɔ kɩpɩzɩɣ kɩwa paa podowona ɛyʊ ɖɔkɔtɔ taa kɔyɔ. Pɩtɛ wazaɣ ŋga kɩlɩna ɖeu mbʊ pʊyɔ yɔ kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ kɩtakɩlɩ ɖoŋ ɛlɛ kɩɖɛʊ ɛyaa kpem. Kɩ-tɛ lɩɣna ɖama wondu tukunaʊ cɔlɔ ɛzɩ wondu suu nɛ nɔnɔsɩ ɖɩtʊlɩyɛ ɖɩɖɔkɩyɛ taa nɛ lɩm naa ɖɩsɔyɛ taa. Ɖɔkɔtɔ tɛ kɔɔ pɩzɩɣ pɩwɛna wazaɣ piŋ ɖɔɖɔ.
Pɩpɩzɩɣ pɩkɛ kɩjɛʊ se pasɩ kʊdɔŋ tʊ kɛ ɖɔkɔtɔ kuduyuu taa kɛ ɖɔkɔtɔ naa cɔlɔ. Lɩm taa kɩɖalʊʊ kɩlɛzɩyʊ weyi ɖɩyaɣ-ɩ se amibi yɔ ɛlɛ anɩza kʊdɔŋ tɩŋgɩna lɩm mbʊ ɛwɛ pɩ-taa yɔ nɛ ɛkpa ɛyʊ. Kɔzɩ kɔzɩ nɔmɔŋ woɖaa.


text:
Jawaharlal Nehru
Jawaharlal Nehru kɛna Ɛndɩ ɛjaɖɛz ɖɔkɩyʊ nɔɔyʊ nɛ palʊla-ɩ kamɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 14 pɩnaɣ 1889 nɛ ɛsɩ Niudeeli tɛtʊ taa kɛ agoza fenaɣ 27 pɩnaɣ 1964 ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 74. Ɛɛlʊba pɩnzɩ sakɩyɛ se Ɛɛndɩ ɛjaɖɛ ɛwɛɛ ɖɩ-tɩ yɔɔ nɛ pʊkɔɔ pɩla mbʊ nɛ ɛkɛ peeɖe komina ñʊʊtʊ kpɣna kɩyɛna fenaɣ 15 pɩnaɣ 947 pʊkɔɔ pɩtalɩ ɛ-sɩm wiye.
Alɩwaatʊ ndʊ ɛɛkɛ kewiyaɣ ñʊʊtʊ mbʊ yɔ, pɩnzɩ 17 taa, ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa ñʊndɩna tɛ ketiizaɣ ñɔɔzʊ caca lɛ ɛ-tɛ hɔɔlʊʊ taa ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊtʊ lɩʊ. Jawaharlal Nehru lʊba nɛ Ɛɛndɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa ñɩɩtʊ lubu nɛ haɖaʊ tʊmɩyɛ pazɩ pɩɖɛɛ nɛ ɛsɩnda.
Alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɛɛkɛ kewiyaɣ ñʊʊdʊ mbʊ yɔ ɛɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ ministrɩ weyi ɛcɔŋna taabalɩyɛ nɛ ɛsɩnda wobu yɔ. Ɛɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ ministrɩ weyi ɛcɔŋgaɣna koozaɣ nɛ liidiye yɔ pʊyɔɔ fenaɣ kʊɖʊmaɣ kpaɣna lɛlaɣ fenaɣ 1958 pɩsɩɩna lakɩŋ fenaɣ 1958. Nehru kaakɛ ministrɩ weyi ɛcɔŋna ɛjɛɖɛ yɔɔ kandɩyʊ kɛ kpaɣ aloma fenaɣ 31 pɩnaɣ 1962 pɩsɩɩna kamɩŋ fenaɣ 14 pɩnaɣ kʊɖʊmaɣ ŋga ka-taa. Pʊtɔbʊʊ se kpɩtaŋ naalɛ ɖeke ɛlaba.


text:
Kɔnɛtɩkuti
Kɔnɛtɩkuti kɛna Etaazunii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ cikpetʊ natʊyʊ. Nɛ Etazuunii ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ ajɛya cikpena naayɛ nɩɩnɩwa kpɛndɩna nɛ aɖʊ nɔɔ nɛ awɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ taa kpaɩ. Etaazunii tɔbʊʊ nɛ kabɩyɛ taa se ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ. Kɔnɛtɩkuti taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Hartford nɛ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ yɔ ndʊ lɛ Bridgeport.
Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩcɔ Kɔnɛtɩkuti nɛ tɩta yɔ tɩɖɔɔ nɛ ajɛya wena-ɖɩ nɛ ata yɔ anaa yɔ: wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ Rood Ayilandi, hayʊ kiŋ lɛ, Masacusɛtɩ piyel Niwu Yɔɔrki ñɛwɛna kamaɣ yɔɔ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa.
Pamaza Kɔnɛtɩkuti ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ taa lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ ɛzɩ 14 371 km2 nɛ ɖenɖe tɛtʊ ñbɩ wɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 12 560 km2 yɔ nɛ ɖenɖe lɩm ñɛwɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe ñɛwɛʊ ɛzɩ 181 km2 yɔ pʊtɔbʊʊ se pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 12,60 yɔ kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ. Pʊtɔbʊʊ se ɖenɖe tɛtʊ ñabɩ ñɛwɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe maɣna ɛzɩ 134 853 km2 yɔ.
Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɖɩ kɛŋna ɛjaɖɛ kagbaanzɩ ñɩnɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩsʊ Etaazunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndɩɣ ŋgbɛyɛ taa yɔ. Ɛlɛ pɩɩkɛ kɔlaɣ fenaɣ nkʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 1788. Pɩnaɣ 2010 taa paakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ paana ɛyaa ɛzɩ miliyɔɔnaa 3 574 097 yɔ nɛ yee pakalɩʊ ɛyaa kɛ kilomɛtanaa yɔɔ kɔyɔ, panaɣ-wɛ ɛzɩ 29 yɔ.
Payaɣ Kɔnɛtɩkuti ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-ñʊʊdʊ se Dan Malloy (D) piyele nɛ komina ñʊndinaa kɔyɔ: Chris Murphy (D) nɛ Richard Blumenthal (D). Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, ŋgʊ lɛ yɔ: Eŋgilisi.


text:
Napoléon Bonaparte
Palʊla Napoléon Bonaparte kɩyɛɛna fenaɣ kɩyakʊ hiu nɛ kagbaanzɩ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1769 taa. Palʊla-ɩ Kɔrɩsɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa Ajaccio tɛtʊ taa. Ɛsɩba agoza fenaɣ kɩyakʊ kagbaanzɩ ñɩŋgʊ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1821 taa. Ɛsɩba lɩm hɛkʊ taa tɛtʊ ndʊ payaɣ se Sainte-Hélène yɔ.
Napoléon kajalaɣ tʊ kɛŋna Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊdʊ. Ɛtɔɔ kewiyaɣ kpaɣ agoza fenaɣ kɩyakʊ hiu nɛ lutozo (18) pɩnaɣ 1804 nɛ puwolo pɩsɩɩnɩ ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ loɖo (6) wiye, pɩnaɣ 1814 taa. Ɛtasɩ tɔɣʊ kewiyaɣ kpaɣ lakɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ nɛɛlɛ (20) wiye pɩnaɣ 1815 nɛ puwolo pɩsɩɩnɩ mɩsɩkʊm fenaɣ kɩyakʊ nɛɛlɛ nɛ naalɛ (22) wiye ñɩŋgʊ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1815 kʊɖʊmaɣ ŋga ka-taa.
Napoléon Bonaparte kɛ pɩɣa naalɛ ñɩŋga pa-caa lʊlʊʊ taa. Payaɣ ɛ-caa se Charles Bonaparte nɛ e-ɖoo hɩɖɛ lɛ Létitia Ramolino. Napoléon kɛ sɔɔja sɔsɔ Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ sɔɔjanaa hɛkʊ taa. Pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se paha-ɩ sɔɔjatʊ taa nimiye sɔsɔyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩkɩlɩ lɛɛna payɩ yɔ. Ɛnʊ ɖiyaɣna Itaalii ɛjaɖɛ sɔɔjanaa. Pʊwayɩ lɛ eɖiyi wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa ajɛya sɔɔjanaa. Ɛmʊ kpelaɣ nɛ sɔɔjatʊ ɖoŋ pɩnaɣ 1799 taa. Pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se etisi weyi ɛɛwɛ kpelaɣ yɔɔ yɔ nɛ malɩfɔnaa tɔʊ. Ɛcaɣ kpelaɣ yɔɔ pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩ kɩyɛɛna fenaɣ kɩyakʊ naalɛ ñɩŋgʊ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1802 taa. Ɛkɛ Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ kpeekpe wiyaʊ pɩnaɣ 1804 taa. Pʊwayɩ lɛ pakpa-ɩ wiyaʊ sɔsɔ Paarii tɛtʊ taa Ɛsɔ kpaaŋ sɔsɔʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ se « Notre-Dame » yɔ kɔ-yɔɔ. Pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se ɛnʊ cɔŋnana Kpaaŋ sɔsɔʊ ŋgʊ kʊ-yɔɔ.
Napoléon lʊba se ɛmɩzɩ ɛtɛlɛmwaa mba pakʊyaɣ Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ yɔɔ yɔ. Krandɩ-Pretaañɩ hɛyaɣna ɛtɛlɛmwaa mba nɛ papa kʊyʊʊ Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ komina yɔɔ. Kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 1792 taa Eerɔpʊ tɛtʊ taa ɛtɛlɛmwaa paɣzɩ kʊyʊʊ Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ komina yɔɔ. Ɛ-ɛjaɖɛ yɔɔ kʊyʊʊ mbʊ pʊ-yɔɔ Napoléon ɖiya Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ sɔɔjanaa mba pɛwɛ Itaalii ɛjaɖɛ taa yɔ nɛ ewona-wɛ Niili pɔɔ hɔɔlʊʊ taa. Nɛ eɖiyi Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ sɔɔjanaa mba papa ñɛwɛ Otirisi ɛjaɖɛ taa yɔ nɛ ɛkpɛndɩ papa nɛ Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ sɔɔjanaa mba papa ñɛwɛ Prusi nɛ Pɔlɔɔñɩ pa-ajɛya taa yɔ. Napoléon kajalaɣ tʊ lʊba nɛ ɛwa Arcole nɛ Rivoli nɛ Pyramides nɛ Marengo nɛ Austerlitz nɛ Iéna nɛ Friedland pɛ-tɛtʊ ndɩ ndɩ taa. Ɛ-wabɩtʊ ndʊ tiyebina nɛ ɛtɛlɛmwaa yaa mba pakʊyaɣaɣ Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ yɔɔ yɔ, pamɩzɩ ɖama. Mbʊ yebina ɖɔɖɔ nɛ Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ hiɣ laŋhɛzɩyɛ nɛ pɩtasɩ haʊ ɖɩ-ñʊʊdʊ Napoléon kajalaɣ tʊ ɖoŋ sɔsɔŋ siŋŋ pɩnaɣ 1807 taa. Kpaɣna alɩwaatʊ ndʊ laŋhɛzɩyɛ sʊ Tilsit ɛjaɖɛ taa Eerɔpʊ tɛtʊ taa nɛ pɩkɔɔ pɩsɩɩna pɩnaɣ 1807 ñɩŋga taa yɔ, Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ tehiɣda laŋhɛzɩyɛ nɖɩ.
Kpaɣna pɩnaɣ ŋga lɛ, Napoléon kajalaɣ tʊ ñɔɔzɩ nɛ ɛlɛɣzɩ Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ komina paɣtʊ. Elaba nɛ Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ tasɩ walasʊʊ. Ɖɩwɛna hɔɔlɩŋ 134 pɩnaɣ 1812 ñɩŋga taa. Eyeba nɛ Room nɛ Hambourg nɛ Barcelone nɛ Amsterdsam pɛ-tɛtʊ ndɩ ndɩ ndʊ tɩpɩsɩ Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ sɔsɔtʊ. Napoléon kajalaɣ tʊ kɛ ɖɔɖɔ Itaalii ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊdʊ kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 1802 nɛ puwolo pɩtalɩ pɩnaɣ 1805 taa. Pʊwayɩ lɛ ɛkɛ Itaalii ɛjaɖɛ wiyaʊ sɔsɔ kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 1805 nɛ puwolo pɩsɩɩna pɩnaɣ 1814 taa. Ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ Suwisi ageeta ndɩ ndɩ loluyu kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 1803 nɛ puwolo pɩsɩɩna pɩnaɣ 1813 ñɩŋga taa. Ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ Rhin ageeta ndɩ ndɩ yɔɔ kandɩyʊ kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 1806 nɛ puwolo pɩsɩɩna pɩnaɣ 1813 ñɩŋga taa. Napoléon kajalaɣ tʊ wabɩtʊ ndɩ ndɩ ha-ɩ waɖɛ nɛ ɛwalasɩ Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ. Pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se eɖiyaɣ Erɔpʊ tɛtʊ hɔɔlʊʊ sɔsɔʊ mpilim. Ɛsɩ ɛ-hɔʊ taa ñɩma Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ ageeta ndɩ ndɩ ñʊŋ yɔɔ : Joseph cɔŋaɣna Naples tɛtʊ nɛ Ɛsɩpaañɩ ñɩndʊ pɔ-yɔɔ. Louis ñɔcɔŋnana Olandɩ tɛtʊ yɔɔ. Jérôme ñɔcɔna Westphalie tɛtʊ yɔɔ nɛ piyele ɛ-halʊ neu, Joachim Murat ñɔcɔna Naples tɛtʊ yɔɔ. Napoléon kajalaɣ tʊ kpacayaɣna ajɛya wena ɛ nɛ-yɛ palaba you nɛ ɛwa-yɛ yɔ. Ajɛya ana a-taa kɔyɔ Prusi nɛ Otirisi.
Napoléon kajalaɣ tʊ sɔɔjatʊ lɛɣtʊ nɛ tɩtɩlʊ pɔ-yɔɔ ɛ-hɩɖɛ sɛ kedeŋa kpeekpe. Ɛwaba yoŋ sakɩyɛ taa.


text:
Yʊrʊba kʊnʊŋ
Yʊrʊba yaa yoruuba, pɩkɛ egeetiye hɩɖɛ nɛ payaɣ se yorùbá kɛ nɔɔ ɖeʊ tɛ kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ kɩ-tɛ nɛ Nɩzɛro-koŋgolɛzɩ tɛ kʊnʊmɩŋ cejewiye taa yɔ. Pɩlɩna kʊnʊmɩŋ kpɛlɛkɩyaa sukuli naa yɔ lɛ, paɖʊ-kʊ Kwa kʊnʊmɩŋ taa yaa Benuuwe-koŋgolɛzɩ kʊnʊmɩŋ taa.
Ɛyaa ndɩ ndɩ tɛ sɔnzɩ labʊ wɩlɩʊ yʊrʊba mba ɖɩlɩyɛ pʊkɔ pɩtalɩ Naajeeriya tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ ndʊ payayaɣ se Ile-Ife yɔ. Samaɣ ŋga kɔyɔɔdʊʊ yʊrʊba kʊnʊŋ yɔ patala ɛyaa miiliyɔɔ waa nɛɛlɛ nɛ kɩgbanzɩ Naajeeriya ɛjaɖɛ taa ɖeeɖe kɩ-kɛ ɛjaɖɛ taa kʊnʊmɩŋ naatozo taa kʊnʊŋ lɛɛkʊ nɛ ɖɔɖɔ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ-kʊ Peenɛɛ nɛ Togo ajɛyɛ taa. Pɔyɔɔdʊʊ yʊrʊba kʊnʊŋ ɖɔɖɔ Antilles ajɛyɛ taa nɛ Ameriki latini kɔzɩ kɔzɩ Kuubaa ɛlɛ pɩtɩŋna Afrika yoma mba palʊlɛ-wɛ peeɖe yɔ nɛ palakɩ Santeriya tɛ ɛsɔ kɩlaʊ sɔnzɩ yɔ nɛ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ-kʊ ɖɔɖɔ Biresiili ɛjaɖɛ taa kɔzɩ kɔzɩ Candomble ɛsɔ sɛtʊ ŋgbɛ taa.
Pama yʊrʊba kʊnʊŋ nɛ masɩ kpata naa ndɩ ndɩ ɛlɛ pakɩlɩ ñɩɣʊ Latɛŋ maʊ kpata yɔ kɛnɛ. Peenɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ taa lɛ, kewiyaɣ tɛ matʊ lakɩna tʊmɩyɛ nɛ ɛjaɖɛ taa kʊnʊmɩŋ tɛ masɩ paɣtʊ ndʊ pasɩma-tʊ yɔ, ŋgʊ Naajeeriya lɛ, kewiyaɣ matʊ ñɩɣʊ niye Pan-Nigérian masɩ paɣtʊ yɔ kɛnɛ. Peenɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ taa lɛ, pama yʊrʊba kʊnʊŋ nɛ pɛ-ɛjaɖɛ taa kʊnʊmɩŋ tɛ masɩ. Naajeeriya ɛjaɖɛ taa lɛ, pɛtɛ masɩ kɛ Latɛŋ masɩ nzɩ masɩ yʊsʊʊ walanza yɔ. Pɩkpeekpe pɩta lɛ yʊrʊba kʊnʊŋ masɩ kɛ Pan-Nigéria tɛ masɩ kpeekpe haɖɛ ñɩnzɩ.


text:
Legɔsɩ
Legɔsɩ kɛŋna Naajeeriya ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩkɩla walnzɩ yɔ nɛ Afrika ajɛya tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ kpeekpe taa ɖɔɖɔ lɛ Legɔsɩ tɛtʊ kɩlɩna walanzɩ ɖɔɖɔ. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-walanzɩ taa maɣna ɛkɩtaariwaa 99 960 ha yaa kilomɛtanaa 999,6. Pɩnaɣ 2013 taa pakalɩ ɛyaa kɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa lɛ, pɛkpɛnda 12 090 000 ɛlɛ yee pɛkpɛndɩna tɛtʊ tʊnɛ nɛ ti-ageeta lɛɛna kɔyɔ, pɛkpɛnda miliyɔɔnaa nɛɛlɛ nɛ kʊɖʊm (21 000 000). Ɖooo pɩnaɣ 2000 taa lɛ Kɛɛrɩ tɛtʊ nɛ Kinsasa tɛtʊ taa kɛ ɛyaa kaakɩla ɖɔʊ nɛ sɔnɔ taa yɔ Legɔsɩ ñɩndʊ kɩlɩna.
Pʊcɔ nɛ Abuuja tɛtʊ pɩsɩɣ Naajeeriya tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ kɛ pɩnaɣ 1999 lɛ, Legɔsɩ kaakɛŋna mbʊ ɛlɛ tɩ-taa teŋu kidiiliŋ ŋgʊ kɩwɛɛ yɔ, kɩwɛ Afrika taa kidiiliŋ weyi ɛkɩla liŋgu yɔ ɛ-taa. Peeɖe kɛ tadɩyɛ t ʊmɩyɛ nɛ ñɩɩtʊ lubʊ kɩla wɛʊ Naajeeriya ɛjaɖɛ kpeekpe taa. Legɔsɩ tɛtʊ maɣmaɣ kɛna tɛtʊ sakɩyɛ ndɩ ndɩ ndʊ lɩm cɔ-tʊ nɛ pɩta yɔ tɩkpɛndɩna nɛ pɩlɩɩ Legɔsɩ. Legɔsɩ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ nɛ hayʊ kiŋ hɔɔlʊʊ taa ɛsɩndaa wobu wɛɛ sɩŋŋŋ pɩkɩlŋa ɖɛndɛ payaɣ se Ikeja nɛ Agege yɔ. Mbʊ pɔyɔɔ yɔ efebiya nɛ pɛlaa peseɣ ajɛya lɛɛna taa nɛ powoki peeɖe se pala tʊma nɛ payabɩ-wɛ wondu ɛzɩ kpokponaa, cɛɛcɛɛnaa, kancɩnaa yaa nabʊyʊ yem.
Legɔsɩ tɛtʊ ɖɛɛʊ nɛ ɛsɩnda nɛ pɩkɩlʊ ɖɔɖɔ yɔ pɩlɩna tadɩyɛ yɔɔ, sanzɩ yɔɔ nɛ pɩtasɩ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ komina tʊma sɔsɔna wɛ peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ. Legɔsɩ tɛtʊ maɣmaɣ taa lɛ, cɔɔcɩ laɖaa yaa mba patɩŋ gʊ Yeesu Kristu wayɩ, mba kɩlɩna ɖɔʊ nɛ patala ɛzɩ ɛyaa 75 kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ nɛ malɩŋ ñɛwɛ ɛzɩ ɛyaa 15 kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ. Ɛlɛ mba pɛkɛ malɩŋ kpem yɔ mba lɛ Yʊrʊba mba nɛ Yʊrʊba mba kpeekpe taa lɛ, ɛyaa ɛzɩ nɛɛlɛ nɛ naanʊwa (25) kɛŋna malɩŋ. Payaɣ Legɔsɩ tɛtʊ yɔɔ cɔnɩyʊ kɩfalʊ se Akinwunmi Ambode.


text:
Ñɩm
Ñɩm, pɩkɛ pʊyʊ nɔɔyʊ tɩyʊʊ, pɩpɩzɩɣ pɩkɛ ñɩm kɩkpaɣm yaa ɛsɔdaa kuduyuŋ sakɩyɛ ɖɩɣa yaa ɖɔɖɔ ñʊʊ taa lɔŋ, pɩkɛ ùbʊ paa anɩ sɩma yɔ nɗ pakandʊʊ pɩyɔɔ pɩtɩŋna ɛyʊ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʊ yɔɔ (pɩpɩzɩɣ pɩkɛ ɛsɔ nɔɔyʊ yaa ɛyʊ maɣmaɣ), samaɣ, paɣtʊ, kpeekpe tovonum tɔm yaa ɛyaa tɩŋa sɔɔlʊʊ yɔɔ. Mbʊ Pierre-Joseph Proudon tɔŋ se pɩkɛ ɖoŋ wɛnaʊ pɩyʊ.
Fransɩɩ kpɛlɩ lɛɣzʊʊ tɔm pazɩ kɩsa siŋ ñɩm waɖɛ tɔm, paapɩzɩ pakʊyɩ nɛ tʊ halɩ pakandʊʊ tɩ-yɔɔ kɩkandʊʊ, pɩtɩŋna ɛyʊ waɖɛ yɔɔ kandɩyʊ tɔm takayɩ hayʊʊ hɔɔlaɣ 17 pɩnaɣ 1789 paɣtʊ yɔɔ.
Ñɩm, pɩkɛ pɩyʊ mbʊ ɛyʊ tɩyaa yɔ, pɩpɩzɩɣ pɩkɛ wonuu mbʊ ɛyʊ naɣ yɔ yaa pɩtɛkɛ mbʊ ɖɔɖɔ. Yee ɖɩkpaɣ mbʊ panaɣ kɔyɔ pʊpʊ ñɛkɛna kajalaɣ lɔŋ weyi ɛfɛyɩ ciidiɣ yɔ, nɛ pɩwɩlɩɣse pɩkɛ mbbʊ ɛyʊ tɩyaa ɛ-maɣmaɣ ɛ-tɩ yɔɔ nɛ ɛ-nɛ nɔɔyʊ paatɛyɩɣ-pʊ yɔ, nɛ yee ɖɩkpaɣ ɛzɩ ñʊʊ taa ñɩm hɔɔlʊʊ, ɖɩnaɣ se hɔɔlʊʊ kʊkʊ taa lɛɛzɩtʊ kɩfatʊ kɔŋna tʊ, kpaɣ ɛzɩ takayasɩ kɩmamasɩ taa tɔm yaa tʊmɩyɛ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛmtʊ takayaɣ yaa radiyoo tatasɩ, hendu kitetetu mbʊ yɔ pɩkɛ ñɩm ɖɔɖɔ.


text:
Emmanuel Kant
Emmanuel Kant kɛ Caama tʋ. Palʋla-ɩ agoza fenaɣ kɩyakʋ nɛɛlɛ nɛ naalɛ (22) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1724 n̄ɩŋga taa.
Palʋla-ɩ Königsberg tɛtʋ taa Prusse-Orientale egeetiye taa. Ɖajaa Emmanuel Kant sɩba kɔlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ hiu nɛ naalɛ (12) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1804 n̄ɩŋga taa.
Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se ɛsɩba ɛ-pɩnzɩ hiŋ lutozo (80) taa. Ɖajaa Emmanuel Kant kɛ filozɔɔfʋ sɔsɔ ɛ-alɩwaatʋ taa. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se e-wezuu caɣʋ taa ɛñɩnaa se ɛtɩlɩ ɛyʋ pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩ ɛ-laŋɩyɛ cukaŋ taa.
Filosɔɔfʋ sɔsɔ Emmanuel Kant yebina nɛ ɛyʋ nɩʋ kamaɣ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ piliŋa ñɔ Caama taa.
Ɖajaa Emmanuel Kant yebina ɖɔɖɔ nɛ maɣzɩm ɖeyi ɖeyi tɛ nɩʋ kpayɩ kpayɩ n̄ɩnʋʋ piliŋa ñɔ Caama. Pʋtʋʋ fɛyɩ lɛɣtʋ piliŋa ŋ́ga ka-taa.
Ɖajaa Emmanuel Kant laba filozofii lɛɣtʋ piliŋa taa tʋma sakɩyɛ. Ɛlaba ɖoziye tɔbʋʋ ñɩnʋʋ tʋmɩyɛ. Ɛlaba ɖɔɖɔ taa takʋʋ lɛɣtʋ piliŋa taa tʋmɩyɛ. Ɛlaba kawɩlaɣ kpɛlɛkʋʋ tʋmɩyɛ. Ɖajaa Emmanuel Kant : Critique de la raison pure nɛ Critique de la raison pratique nɛ pɩtasɩna Critique de la faculté de juger.


text:
Pampelimuusi
Pampelimuusi kɛ ɖama hɛkʊ taa hɩla nɩɩlɛ tɛ nɩʊ weyi anasaayɩ taa lɛ, pɩwɩlɩɣ se pɩkɛ tɩŋ pee naalɛ yɔ, ɛlɛ, a-hɩla pɩzɩɣ alɩɣ ɖama nɛ alɩnɛ Citrus tɩŋ naalɛ taa Rutaceae tɩmʊʊ liɖe taa. Aziyatiki Citrus maxima nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa siduu piliŋga Citrus-paradisi. Taɖɩyɛ labʊʊ nɔmɔʊ taa lɛ, payaɣ tɩŋ pee a-naa hɩɖɛ kʊyʊmɖɩyɛ se leemɩŋ.
Citrus maxima (ɖɔɖɔ Citrus kɩ-paɣlʊʊ yaa Citrus decumana ) kɛ tɩŋ pee tɛ ŋgʊ nɛ payaɣ-kʊ se pampelimuusi tɩŋ. Kɩlɩna Azii nɛ haɖɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa kiŋ (Ɛndonezi nɛ Malɛɛzɩi). Tɩŋ ŋgʊ k i-piye ndɩ ɖɩyaɣ se pampelimuusi yɔ, ɖɩ-yɔɔ wɛ leemuu hʊndʊʊ kpɛdɩŋ nɛ sʊtʊ sɛmɩŋ yaa pɩwɛʊ caʊʊ, pɩkɛ piye ndɩ pɔtɔkɩ-ɖɩ yɔ, kɩ-taa pɩlɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ nɛ ɛ-taa wɛ pee cikpenaa sakɩyɛ. Kɩ-taa wɛ leleŋ lɩm pazɩ, kɩ-ñaŋ nɛ kɩ-ñɩmɩŋ pɩsa-kʊ tɔɔnaɣ ŋga palakɩ-kɛ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ tɔɔnasɩ ɖɩ-tɩzɩyɛ yɔ. Azii tɩŋ piye paɣlaka talɩ sɛntɩmɛtanaa hiŋ naatozo nɛ papaazɩɣ-kʊ pɛdʊʊ Wɩsɩ Ɖɩɖʊyɛ ajɛyɛ taa.
Citrus-paradisi kɛ pampelimuusi nɛ leleŋ leemuu nɛ ɖama taa siduu (Citrus maxima × Citrus sinensis). Kɩ-tɛ piye huduu fɛyɩ kpɩzɩŋ nɛ kɩwɛnɛ sʊtʊ sɛmɩŋ yaa pɩwɛ caaʊ pɩyʊʊ mbʊ pɔtɔkɩ yɔ, pɩwɛ leleŋ pazɩ nɛ kɩ-taa wɛ pɩlɩŋ pɩtalɩ hiu nɛ naalɛ mbʊ yɔ. Kɩlʊlʊʊ com-com, mbʊ yebinɛ nɛ payaɣ-kʊ nɛ Englɩsɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa se grapefruit. Kɩ-leleŋ yeba se pasaɣ kɩwɛtʊ nɛ kɩ-tɛ tadɩyɛ wabʊtʊ pazɩnɛ Etaazuunii ɛjaɖɛ taa kpaɣ nɛ pɩnaɣ 1940 taa. .


text:
Charles Dickens
Charles John Huffam Dickens kɛ Hampshire tɛtʋ taa tʋ. Hampshire tɛtʋ wɛ 'Grande Bretagne' ɛjaɖɛ nɛ pɩ-tɛɛ kiŋ. Tɩwɛ tɛtʋ ndʋ lɩm cɔ-tʋ nɛ pɩta nɛ payaɣ-tʋ se Wight yɔ, tɩ-ɛsɩndaa.
Palʋla ɖajaa Charles John Huffam Dickens lɛlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ lʋbɛ (7) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1812 n̄ɩŋga taa.
Palʋla-ɩ Landport egeetiye taa. Landport egeetiye ñɩtɩna kpam Portsmouth ñɩnɖɛ.
Ɛsɩba mɩsɩkʋm fenaɣ kɩyakʋ nakʋ (9) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1870 n̄ɩŋga taa. Gad's Hill Place tɛtʋ taa ɛsɩba. Ɛsɩkaɣ lɛ, ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ hiŋ kagbaanzɩ nɛ lutozo (58).
Ɖajaa Charles Dickens kɛ takayɩsɩ mayʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ siŋŋ. Ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ n̄ɩnɩyʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ.
Pazɩ nɛ pɩcɔ paɖʋʋ ɛ-caa John Dickens kɛ salaka size ɛwɛna kɩmɩyɛ kɛ Marshalsea lɛ, pamʋyɩ tʋmɩyɛ kɛ Warren. Alɩwaatʋ ndʋ tɩ-taa lɛ, e-ɖoo Elizabeth Dickens cɔŋaɣna ɛ-yɔɔ. Alɩwaatʋ ndʋ tɩ-taa ɛkɛwɛnɩ pɩnzɩ hiu nɛ naalɛ (12).
Pamʋ-ɩ tʋmɩyɛ nɖɩ yɔ, nɖɩ lɛ size ɛtaɣɖɩɣ wondu kɩpɛdɩtʋ yɔɔ paa wonuu ŋgʋ lɛ ki-liidiye. Pɩnaɣ kʋɖʋma ɛlaba ɛ-tʋmɩyɛ nɖɩ. Pɩnzɩ naadozo wayɩ lɛ, ɛɖaɣnɩ tazʋʋ sukuli labʋ. Ɖajaa John Huffam Dickens ma takayasɩ sakɩyɛ.
Eluba kizimasɩ hendu ndɩ ndɩ pɩnaɣ 1843 n̄ɩŋga taa. Takayasɩ mayaa sɔsɔ sakɩyɛ sama-ɩ siŋŋ. Pa-taa nabɛyɛ hɩla kɔ yɔ : Ɖajaa William Makepeace Thackeray nɛ Ɖajaa Léon Tolstoï nɛ Ɖajaa G. K. Chesterton yaa Ɖajaa George Orwell.


text:
Manɩyɛ
Manɩyɛ yaa mana kɛna ɖozi nzɩ pahayʊ pɩtɛ piye yaa pee yɔɔ yaa hatʊ yɔɔ yɔ. Afrika taa kɛ pacala mana tɔɔʊ nɛ a-haɖaʊ pʊcɔ nɛ a-tɔyɩ ajɛya kpeekpe taa. Ɛlɛ ɖeɖe nɛ sɔnɔ ajɛya wena akɩlɩɣ-ɛ haɖaʊ yaa tɔɔʊ yɔ, a-taa kɔyɔ: Ɛndɩ, Naajeeriya, Pakistaani, Kanaa, Peenɛɛ nɛ Egipiti. Ajɛya lɛɛna hayʊ mana ɖɔɖɔ ɛlɛ pɩtakɩlɩ ɖɔʊ siŋŋŋ ɛzɩ ajɛya anɛ yɔ.
Mana wɛ lɔɔɔ lɔɔɔ nɛ naayɛ ɖaɣlaa akɩlɩ lɛɛna nɛ naayɛ kɩlɩ lɛɛna ɖɔɖɔ kigiŋ. Mana naayɛ yɔɔ wɛ sɔɔɔ ñɔɔɔ nɛ pʊcɔ pokoyi-ɛ lɛ pɩwɛɛ se ɛyʊ esuu e-nesi nabʊyʊ. Maayʊ pɩzʊ kɩɖalɩ nɛ kɩ-ɖaɣlakɩŋ taa talɩ ɛzɩ mɛtanaa naalɛ nɛ hɔɔlʊʊ yɔ. Mana naayɛ wɛɛ nɛ apɩzʊ awɛɛ lʊlʊ yɔɔ pɩnzɩ sakɩyɛ yee poɖu-ɛ nikaɣ taa kɔyɔ nɛ mana ana a-yɔɔ loza kpɛdɛ kpɛdɛ nɛ a-tɩŋ lɩʊ pilinzi ñɔɔɔ. Pɩtasɩ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, mana ana awɛ sotu kamaɣ fɛyɩ pɩkɩlɩ lɛɛna.
Pehilu mana hatʊ ɖɔɖɔ. Papɩzɩɣ pehilɩ-ɛ nɛ lɛŋ yaa pele pɩwɩlɩ nɛ pʊcɔ pehili, mbʊ payaɣ se mawɩlasɩ. Papɩzɩɣ pele a-hatʊ ɖɔɖɔ nɛ tɩhɩlɩ kʊɖʊɖʊ pʊcɔ pehili-tʊ, mbʊ payaɣ se maatʊkɩwɩtʊ. Pahayɩ-ɛ nɛ a-ɖoŋ tɛ alʊlʊ ñɩɩɩ ñɩɩɩ nɛ pukuli nɛ payaa se maatɔkɔyɩsɩ. Papɩzɩɣ pehilɩ-sɩ nɛ lɛŋ yaa pele pɩwɩlɩ nɛ pʊcɔ pehili, nɛ paa lɛŋ yaa pɩɩwɩlaa kɔyɔ, payaɣ pɩtɩŋga se maatɔkɔyɩsɩ. Yee pɩkɛ nikaɣ ŋgbaʊ taa ɛyʊ ɛsɔɔlaa se ɛzɩʊ kɔyɔ, pɩwɛɛ se ɛhɔkɩ-ɛ anwa huyuu taa nɛ ɛzɩ ɛlɛ pɩtaaɖɛ kɩyakɩŋ naalɛ yɔɔ se pʊcɔ ɛɛlɩzɩ-ɛ se ɛhilɩ.
Papizʊ pɔtɔɔ mana nɛ lɛŋ yaa patɩzɩ pʊcɔ. Ɖozi nzɩ pahiluna mana nɛ pɩwɛɛ camɩyɛ yɔ sɩɖɔɔ nɛ sɩ-taa kɔyɔ: tɩmaatɩ, kaabʊ, hɛɛ, kpɛnzʊʊ kpoyuu ŋgʊ, akaŋgaa, fayʊ yaa ñandʊ, katɛʊ. Papɩzʊ pehilina paa nandʊ ndʊ, lɩm ñɩndʊ yaa kuɖoŋgutu yaa ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ kpakpasɩ kɩwɩsɩ yaa lɩm ñɩnzɩ; sɔsɔsɩ yaa cikpesi. Kʊdɔŋ yaa kʊdɔmɩŋ weyi nabʊyʊ taa pɩkɛna ɛzɩ aleewaa kʊdɔŋ yɔ nɛ peeɖe lɛ ɛyʊ tɔkɩ-ɛ nɛ lɛŋ. Ajɛya naayɛ taa, ɛzɩ Kotidiivuwaarɩ taa mbʊ yɔ, pɔtɔkɩ mɔʊ
nɛ mana ɖozi. Mana pɩzʊ awaa kʊdɔmɩŋ nɩɩyɛ sakɩyɛ ɛzɩ naŋgbatɩŋila yɔ.


text:
Abraham Lincoln
Palʊla Abraham Lincoln kɛ lɛlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 12 pɩnaɣ 1809 kɛ Hardino egeetiye taa, Kɛntuki tɛtʊ taa nɛ pakʊ-ɩ Wasiŋtɔŋ ɛjaɖɛ taa ɖomaɣ fenaɣ 15 pɩnaɣ 1865 ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 56. Ɛɛkɛ ɛyʊ weyi ɛlʊba ɛ-ɛjaɖɛ yɔɔ siŋŋ yɔ nɛ ɛnʊ kɛŋna Etazuni taa wiyau 16 tʊ. Pɔtɔʊ caca peeɖe ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ, palɩzɩ-ɩ se ɛkɛna tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-ñʊʊtʊ yɔ pɩlaba tɔm nabʊlɛ lɛ. Kacalaɣ taa lɛ kamɩŋ fenaɣ 1860 nɛ nabʊlɛ taa lɛ kamɩŋ fenaɣ 1864. Ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa lɛ, Abraham Lincoln kɛŋna kacalaɣ tʊ weyi pɔtɔ caca nɛ samɣ maɣmaɣ lɩzɩ-ɩ yɔ.
Eɖii Etaazuni alɩwaatʊ ndʊ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa paɣtʊ sɔsɔtʊ kaawɛɛ tʊcɔʊ pɩkpaɣ nɛ pitiki yɔ. Pɩtɛ alɩzaatʊ ñam ñam lakasɩ kaawɛ nɛ sɔɔjanaa kpakʊʊ hɔzɩŋ ɖama yɔɔ ɖɔɖɔ. Abraham Lincoln ñaɣna pana nɛ ɛpɩzɩ ɛhɛzɩ yɔŋ ɩnʊ nɛ ɛkɔna ɖama kpeɣu nɛ ɖama nɩnaʊ. Alɩwaatʊ ndʊ ɛpɩza nɛ lanhɛzɩyɛ nɛ ɖiu ɖiu caɣʊ kɔɔ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa yɔ kɛ ɛpɩza nɛ ɛñɩʊ nesi se Etaazuni taapapaɣzɩ ɖɔm paɣtʊ hiu nɛ naatozo ñɩndʊ yɔɔ mbʊ yebina nɛ ɛpɩzɩ ɛɖɩzɩ yomtu.
Alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɛlʊba kpem nɛ yomaa wɛɛ pa-tɩ yɔɔ yɔ kɛ yoma yaɖaa ɛtɛlɛmwaa nabayɩ laba nɔɔ nɛ pakʊ-ɩ kɩyakɩŋ kagbaanzɩ wayɩ. Piyebina nɛ ɛyapɩzɩ ɛtɛzɩ ɛtɛ alɩwaatʊ kɛ kewiyaɣ yɔɔ, pʊtɔbʊ se ɛkpaɣʊ kewiyaɣ yɔ ɛlaba pɩnzɩ naanza nɛ fenaɣ kʊɖʊmaɣ nɛ kɩyakɩŋ 11. Ɛsɩbʊ yɔ ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 56. Weyi ɛlɛɣza-ɩ yɔ ɛnʊ lɛ Andrew Johnson nɛ weyi ɛnʊ ñaalɛɣzaa yɔ ɛlɛ lɛ James Buchanan.


text:
Tominiika
Tominiika ɛjaɖɛ kɛna ajɛya wena payaɣ-yɛ se Antiiyinaa sɔsaa yɔ yaa Karayibi yɔ taa ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɛ ɖɩ-hayʊ kiŋ lɛ, Atɩlantiki teŋgu kɩwɛna piyele nɛ hadɛ kiŋ lɛ Karayibi teŋgu wɛna. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa nɛ pʊŋ sakɩyɛ. Pʊŋ ɩnʊ ɩ-taa kɔyɔ: hayi kiŋ lɛ, pʊŋ canɖaŋ nɩyɩ wɛna nɛ ɩ-kʊyɩmɩŋ taa talʊʊ ɛzɩ mɛtanaa 1 249 yɔ.
Pʊŋ ɩnɛ ɩtɩŋgʊʊna Puyɛrto Plataa nɛ Santiyaago. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-hɛkʊ taa lɛ, pʊŋ canɖaŋ weyi ɩwɛ peeɖe yɔ ɩ-taa kɔyɔ: Pikoo Duwartɩ (mɛtanaa 3 098), Lomaa La Pelonaaucila (mɛtanaa 3 029), Lomaa de la Viyudaa (mɛtanaa 2 802) nɛ Yakɩ (mɛtanaa 2 760). Hadɛ kiŋ lɛ, pʊŋ weyi payaɣ ɛlɛ se La siyeraa de pahoruco yɔ ɛwɛna nɛ ɛlɛ kʊkʊyɩmɩŋ taa maɣna ɛzɩ mɛtanaa.
Pamaza Tajikistanii ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖi-walanzɩ lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ 48 442 km2. Pɩnaɣ 2017 taa pakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ pana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 10 734 247 yɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa yee pakalɩɣ ɛyaa km2 taa kɔyɔ, panaɣ-wɛ ɛzɩ 221,6 yɔ. Payaɣ Tominiika ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊdʊ se Danilo Medina nɛ ɛ-tɛɛ ñɩnʊ yɔ Margarita Cedeño de Fernández. Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa yɔ, ŋgʊ lɛ Ɛsɩpaañɔɔlɩ.
Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖi-taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Sɛŋ Domiŋgɩ nɛ yee ɛyʊ ɛsɔɔlaa se ɛyaa nɔɔyʊ kɛ kaŋgalafu yɔɔ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa kɔyɔ, pɩkɛna-ɩ kɩjɛyʊʊ se ɛma +1 809, 1 829 yaa 1 849 ɛ-tɛ kaŋgalafu kpata yɔɔ pʊcɔ ŋɛ ɛɛma pɩtɛ ɛyʊʊ kaŋgalafu nimaɣ mayaɣ.


text:
Tɔnʊʊ
Tɔnʊʊ kɛŋna tɛtɛ kpɩna wɛna awɛna mɔɔ yɔ a-tɛ kacalaɣ wonuu ŋgʊ kɩhʊʊzɩɣʊ a-yɔɔ yɔ. Ɛyʊ tɔmnaɣ yɔɔ pilinzi payɩ taa lɛ, tɔnʊʊ kɩlɩna walanzɩ nɛ yʊŋ. Ɛyʊ halʊ ñɩnʊ tɛ lɛ, ɛ-tɔnʊʊ yʊŋ taa makɩɣna ɛzɩ kilogaramnaa naatozo yɔ nɛ abalʊ tɛ lɛ, pɩɖɛ ɛzɩ kakpaanzɩ yɔ.
Tɔnɩŋ wɛna tomnasɩ yaa sɛmɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ. Ɛyaa kɩsɛma wɛɛ nɛ po-tomnasɩ sɛwa ɖɔɖɔ, ɛyaa kʊlʊmaa wɛɛ, nɛ patomnasɩ ɖɔɖɔ hʊlʊmaa. Pɩwayɩ lɛ, ɛyaa kɩkpɛda ñɛwɛ, mba payaɣ se tomnasi kɩkpɛɛdasɩ tɩna. Aazii mba, Siini mba nɛ ɛyaa menzidaawaa wɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ.
Paa samaɣ ŋga lɛ, kanaɛ kɛ-ɛyɩtʊ tomnaɣ. Tɔnʊʊ wɛʊ mbʊ yɔ, kɩfɛyɩ kpayɩ, ɛlɛ kɩwɛna sɛŋgɛlɩtʊ yaa tɩnɩ-mayɔɔ waa naatozo: kacalaɣ tomnaɣ ŋga ɛyʊ naɣ nɛ ɛsɛ yɔ, ŋga lɛ pɩyɔɔ tɔnʊʊ. Pɩyɔɔ tɔnʊʊ yɔɔ kɛ nɔsɩ yaa hʊndʊ wɛɛ, peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ kɛ soŋgaɣ wɛɛ. Pɩwayɩ lɛ, pɩtɛɛ tɔnʊʊ wɛɛ nɛ ŋgʊ lɛ tɔnʊʊ sɩŋŋŋ nɛ kʊkʊ tɛ kɛ kpaakpa sɛŋgɛlʊʊ wɛ.
Yee ɛyʊ tomnaɣ tɛ sɛŋgɛlʊ kacalaɣ ñɩŋʊ ɛfɛyɩtɔnʊʊ kɔyɔ, pɩkɩlɩna mba pɛkpɛzɩɣʊ pɔ-yɔɔ yɔ, paa pɩwɛɛ se palabɩ-ɩ tʊmɩyɛ yaa pɛñɛ-ɩ e-tomnaɣ yɔɔ ɖoli kɔyɔ, pɩkɔŋna kaɖɛ sɩŋŋŋ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, kacalaɣ tɔnʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩwɛna ɖoŋ sɩŋŋŋ. Pɩtasɩ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, ɛyaa mba paacɔŋna po-tomnasɩ yɔɔ camɩyɛ yɔ, kʊtɔmɩŋ nɩɩyɛ wɛɛ, ɛzɩ akpnja yɔ, nɛ ɩkpaɣ tɔmnasɩ nɛ ɩɩtaŋna-sɩ ɖoli.


text:
Kuduyuu tɛɛ minziiki
Kuduyuu tɛɛ minziiki, pɩkɛ hendu teuu tʊmɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩkɛ hikasi wondu pɩyʊ, ɖasɩ, kuwiviri yaa mabʊ kɛlɛ paa hɔɔlʊʊ ŋgʊ lɛ nɛ kʊ-tʊmɩyɛ tʊ. Nabʊyʊ taa tiluu nabʊyʊ ɛkpɛndɩ nabʊlɛ taa yaa nabutozo taa pɩcɛlɩna hikasi cɔlɔ kɔyɔ pɔtɔŋ se pɩkɛ kuduyuu tɛɛ soo, pɩcɛzɩ pʊyɔɔ kɔyɔ pɛtɛzɩɣ yɔɔdʊʊ yem soo.
Ɛyaa naalɛ, naatozo, nananza, kagbanzɩ, loɖo, lʊbɛ, lutozo, nakʊ nɛ hiu tʊmɩyɛ laɣsɩ kaapɔza pʊ-tʊmɩyɛ tɩnaa cɔɔlɩyɛ paɣtʊ, tiluu, mabɩtʊ pɩlɩna soo wondu cɔlɔ, kɛlɛ ɛyaa ŋñɩɩ pɩzɩna tʊmɩyɛ nɖɩ pɛ-tɛ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa.
Tɔmpiye kuduyuu tɛɛ soo lɩ kpaɣ baroki alɩwaatʊ taa, pɩkɛ tɩ-teyaa paɣtʊ se petee-tʊ pa-taa pa-taa yeke.


text:
Paladɩyɔm
Paladɩyɔm kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 46 nɛ yʊsaɣ ñɩŋa yɔ Pd. Ɛ-tɛ nɛ platɩnɩ waa tɛ kiŋ. Paladɩyɔm tomnaɣ yem wɛ hɛŋgɛlɛŋ, ɛtɔtɔyɩ, nɛ nabʊyʊ taa pamazɩɣ se ɛkɛ ñɩɣlɩm wonuu kɩbaŋʊ, pɩlɩna ɛ-tɛ ñɩlɩ ñɩlɩ tʊma laɣsɩ yɔɔ.
Pana paladɩyɔm nɛ rɔdɩyɔm pɩtɩŋna platɩnɩ kʊlʊlʊʊ ca ca ŋgʊ yɔɔ pɩnaɣ 1803 pɩtɩŋna Ɛnglɩsɩ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkɩyʊ william Hyde Wollaston. Hɩɖɛ nɖɩ Wollaston maɣmaɣ ha pɩnaɣ ŋga katɩŋga ɛ-natʊ wayi yɔ lɩna tɩnzɩ cikpesi cɔlɔ mbʊ se pallas, pana-ɩ lakɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 28 pɩnaɣ 1802 pɩtɩŋna tɩnzɩ taa nɔmɔʊ woɖu Heinrich W.M. Olbers, ɛlɛ ɛkɛ Caama tʊ.
Ɖooo alɩwaatʊ natʊyʊ pamaɣa ɛyaa paladɩyɔm ɛzɩ kɔyɛ nɖɩ pawazɩɣna kpezi wɩlaɣ kʊdɔŋ yɔ nɛ ɖɩ-tɛ makaɣna 0,065 g evemiye taa. Ɛlɛ pʊkɔma pana se kɔyɛ nɖɩ palakɩɣ-ɖɩ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ yɔ wɛna cɛyɩtʊ sakɩyɛ ɛyʊ tomnaɣ taa kɛ pʊwayɩ kɛlɛ pɛlɛzɩɣ-ɖɩ nɛ kɔɔ wena keeke apɔza yɔ.
Papɩzɩɣ pana paladɩyɔm ɛzɩ ñɩɣlɩm wonuu ŋgʊ kɩ nɛ sika pɛkpɛnda yɔ nɛ wondu lɛɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-tɛ nɛ platɩnɩ waa tɛ yɔ kɛ sika ɖɩcɛsɩyɛ Oural, Ositrali, Etiyopii, Amerika nɛ Hayɩ kiŋ nɛ Hadɛ ajɛyɛ taa. Ɖikpeliye taa ɖenɖe pɛwɛʊ yɔ tʊmɩyɛ kɛ kʊyʊmɖɩyɛ paladɩyɔm ɖɩlaɖɛ.


text:
Ndaatʊ
Ndaatʊ klɛna lɩm mbʊ pɩwɛ ɛyʊ nɔɔ taa yɔ. Wezu ajɔɔla naayɛ kɔŋnana ndaatʊ kɛ ɛyʊ yaa tɛtɛ kpɩna sakɩyɛ taa. Ɛyʊ yaa tɛtɛ kpɩnɛ nɔɔ taa ndaatʊ ɛfɛyɩ kɔ yɔ pɩɩsaŋ ɛtɔɔ tɔɔnaɣ. Ɛyʊʊ yɔ, ndaatʊ ɛtaawɛ ɛ-nɔɔ taa ɖɔɖɔ kɔyɔ ɛɛtaayɔɔdʊ. Tɛtɛ kpɩna naayɛ ndaatʊ ñɛkɛ sim kpem nɛ payaɣ-tʊ se sɔtʊ. Tɛtɛ kpɩna ana a-taa kɔyɔ hasɩ, pɩyaŋ, tɩkpayɩŋ, ahuwa, ɖomaa yaa tɛtɛ kpɩna wena awɛna kela nɛ atɔkɩ nandʊ yɔ.
Ɛyʊ tɛ ndaatʊ taa nɛ kʊlu ʊdasɩ sakɩyɛ nɛ sɩlɩna nzʊlʊmɩyɛ taa. Nɔɔ taa mamaɣ wɛna wiɣ lɩm nɛ mbʊ payɣ se ndaalɩm. Ndaatʊ ndʊ papɩzʊ pakpaɣ ɛzɩ cɛbɩyasɩ nzɩ sɩ-yɔɔ ɛyʊ tɩŋgʊna nɛ ɛtɩlɩ ɛyʊ tɛ mbʊ payaɣ se ADN yɔ. Cɛkasɩ ñɩɩɩ ñɩɩ wa, kʊdɔmɩŋ sakɩyɛ pee nɛ tɛtɛ kpɩna sakɩyɛ tɩŋgɩna ndaatʊ yɔɔ nɛ paɖʊʊ ɛyaa taa kɛ pa-kʊdɔmɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ. Nabʊyʊ taa lɛ fɛɛkɔcɔsɩ yaa pɔtʊ kpakʊɣna kʊdɔmɩŋ ɩnʊ nɛ ɩɖʊ-ɩ ɛyaa taa.
Ɛyʊ tɛ lɛ, ndaatʊ wazaɣ kɛlɛ se tɩtaa tɔɔnasɩ nzɩ ɛyʊ tɔkɩ yɔ nɛ pɩsa sitii lotaa. Nɔɔ taa peeɖe ndaalɩm mbʊ pɩtaɣ tɔɔnaasɩ nzɩ yɔ, si-taa nɛ anaɣm mbʊ payaɣ-pʊ se cɛŋgbɛ mʊlʊm yɔ, ndʊ yekina nɛ sɩyɔlʊʊ camɩyɛ. Pɩtɛkɛ tɔɔnasɩ hʊzʊʊ lɩm yeke kɛ ndaatʊ wazʊ. Ndʊ wɩlʊna ɛyʊ se tɔɔnaɣ kɛnɛ yaa kɛnɛ kɛwɛ leleŋyaa ñaŋ. Ndaatʊ libu kɛna mbʊ ɛyʊ pɩzɩu ɛla tataya taa yem yɔ. Pɩtasɩ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, tɔɔnaɣ kɩpaŋga naʊ yaa kɔsɔzɩŋ nɩʊ pɩzʊ pɩhɔ ɛyʊ nɛ eli ndaatʊ.
Ɛyʊ pɩzʊ ɛcazɩ ndalɩm alɩwaatʊ ndʊ ɛtɔzʊ tɔm kɩpandʊ natʊyʊ yɔɔ yaa mbʊ pɩwɛ -ɩ kinaŋ kpem yɔ. Ñɩnɩyʊ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʊ lɔnzɩnɖɛ kpɛlɛkʊ wɩlʊ mbʊ ɖɔɖɔ. Payaɣ-ɩ se Pavlov. Ɛkpaɣ haɣ nɛ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ pamakɩ ñɩɩyʊʊ lɛ, paɖʊ-kɛ tɔɔnaɣ nɛ pɩkɛdaa lɛ, pama ñɩɩyʊʊ ɛlɛ padaɖʊ tɔɔnaɣ nɛ panaɣ se haɣ ŋga kɛwɛɛ keliki ndaalɩm. Ndaatʊ yekina ɖɔɖɔ nɛ kela pʊʊtʊʊ kʊdɔŋ ɛkpaɣ-yɛ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ ndaatʊ taa wɛ lɩm nabʊyʊ kɔɖɩɩɩ tɩyɛ nɛ tɩɩhaɣ kʊdɔmɩŋ nʊmɔʊ se ɩcaɣ kela yɔɔ.


text:
Malɩfa
Malɩfa kɛna wonuu ŋŋʊ pakʊna nabʊyʊ yɔ. Kɩpɩzʊ kɩkɩna mbʊ panaɣ yaa mbʊ paanaɣ yɔ. Malɩfa kɛna ɖɔɖɔ ñɩkɩyʊ ñɩbɩtʊ ndʊ paɖʊ-tʊ nabʊyʊ nʊmɔʊ taa se pakpa-pʊ yɔ. Malɩfa kɛna ɖɔɖɔ wenu ŋŋʊ pakpakʊ-kʊ palakɩna ɛzaɣtʊ, tɛtɛ lakasɩ, wondu wɛɛkʊ nɛ kʊʊ yɔ. Malɩfana wɛ ndɩ ndɩ: hozɩŋ wɛɛ, kpacana, nimasi tam yaa ɛzɩ ladriki nimasi ñɩbʊ ɖɔɖɔ.
Lona sɔosɔna nanza taa kɛ pakɩlɩɣʊna malɩfana labɩnaʊ tʊmɩyɛ, nɛ ana yɔ:
- Lakɩŋ: ɛyʊ lakɩ lakʊ se ɛkʊ awayɩ nandʊ nɛ ɛtɔɔ yaa anazɩ-tʊ nɛ tɩtaawɛɛkɩ ɛtɔɔnaɣ yaa tɩtaakʊ ɛyaa. Nabʊyʊ taa ɖɔɖɔ lɛ nabayɩ lakɩ lakʊ se panɩɩ leleŋ.
- Ɖiuɖiu caɣʊ: ɛyʊ ɖɔkʊ malɩfa se ɛɖaŋna ɛ-tɩ yɔɔ nɛ tɛtɛ ceɣsi ɛtaa ñamsɩ-ɩ.
- Ñamñam lakasɩ: ɛyaa nabayɩ wɛ kpem lɛ pɔsɔɔlɩ malɩfana ɖɔkʊ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ pɔtɔsɔɔplɩ lanhɛzɩyɛ kɛ lala hɛkʊ taa yaa ajɛya naayɛ taa. Pʊyɔɔ lɛ paa; sɩmtaa pɔɖɔkʊ hɔzɩŋ.
- Tɔnʊ taa hayɩsɩɣ yaa aleɣya: tɔnʊ taa hayɩsɩɣ ɖeɖe lɛ ɛyaa ɖokɩɣ hɔzɩŋ nɛ pahasɩɣna pa-tɩ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ alɩwatʊ ntʊ tɩyɔɔ peseɣ kolokaɣ nɛ malɩfana yɔ pɩsaŋ nɛ pɛwɛ ɖɔŋ camɩyɛ potomnasi taa. Nabayɩ sɔɔlɩ malɩfana tɔʊ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ pañɩnɩɣ se pe-nesi ɛtʊʊzɩ camɩyɛ nɛ pa-ñʊnta ɖɔ camɩyɛ.
Ajɛya naayɛ taa lɛ hɔzɩŋ kɛŋna pɛtɛ aseɣɖe tɔm natʊyʊ heyu. Pɔtɔ hɔzʊʊ pacaɣ se ɛyaa samaɣ ɛnɩɩ se nabʊyʊ laba. Naayɛ taa lɛ pɩkɛna sɔnzɩ pʊyʊ.


text:
Tɩlɩtʊ pɩzɩtʊ
Tɩlɩtʊ pɩzɩtʊ, pɩkɛ lɛɣtʊ ñɩnɩtʊ tʊmɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩñɩkɩɣ niiye lɩmaɣza yɔɔ nɛ pɔtɔŋ se ɖɩ nɛ tɔm heyuu palɩ ɖama, pɩkɛ tɔm ndʊ tɩkʊsa ɛyaa hʊzɩŋ kpaɣ pɩnzɩ 1950 alɩwaatʊ taa yɔ pɩlɩna ɛyʊ wɛtʊ tɔm yɔɔ. Lɩmaɣza tɩlʊʊ kaakɛna hɛkʊ taa tɔm keem.
Mbʊ pɛkɛdɩna yɔ pɩwɛɛ se pɩwɛɛ ɛyaa ɛsɩnda nɛ panaɣ, panaɣ ɛzɩ pɛdɩɣ yɔ pʊmʊna mbʊ pɩwɛɛ kedeŋa taa yɔ. Kpaɣ pɩnzɩ 1950 wɛɛ taa lɛ, tɩlɩtʊ yɔɔ ñɩnɩyaa laba tʊmɩyɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ ɖɩ nɛ ɛyʊ wɛtʊ patamʊna ɖama mbʊ yɔ ɖɩɖɩ ñɔcɔŋaɣ wɛtʊ yaa laɣsɩ yeke cɔlɔ nɛ patalakɩ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ fitenum.
Anasaayɩ ñɩɣyɩŋ yɔɔ tʊmɩyɛ kɔma pɩlɩɩ nɛ pɛɖɛʊna ɛsɩndaa piŋ lɛ, mbʊ pɩsɩnɩna nɛ patɩlɩ wɛtʊ kɩbandʊ pɩlɩna yɔɔdaɣ yɔɔ, tɩlɩtʊ pɩzɩtʊ yeba nɛ patɩlɩ ɛyʊ wɛtʊ pɩtɩŋna palakaɣ kpɛlɛkɩtʊ tʊmɩyɛ pɩlɩna ɛyʊ wɛtʊ kɩbandʊ yɔɔ. Eyeba nɛ ɛpɩsɩ lɩmaɣza kpeekpe tɛ ɛjaɖɛ kpaɣ nɛ pɩnzɩ 1970 pɩcɛlɩna tɩlɩtʊ lɛɣtʊ yɔɔ nɛ fitenum yɔɔ kpɛlɛkʊʊ yɔɔ.
Pɩfɛyɩ se peyidi tɩlɩtʊ pɩzɩtʊ tɔm nɛ kpɛlɩ tɩlɩtʊ tɛ tɔm, ndʊ tɩlɩ kpaɣ pɩnzɩ 1956 nɛ 1960 alɩwaatʊ taa yɔ kɛ lɛɣtʊ maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊma ɖeɖe yɔ, kɔzɩ kɔzɩ Jerome Bruner nɛ George Armitage Miller pa-tʊma cɔlɔ kpɛyɛɛ Harvard sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ taa. Pa nɛ ɛnʊ papa lɩza tɩlɩtʊ lɛɛtʊ pɩtɩŋna ñʊʊ taa lɔŋ kpɛlɛkʊʊ yɔɔ.


text:
Wɛɛkɩtʊ tɔm
Wɛɛkɩtʊ tɔm, pɩkɛ sakɩyɛ taa lɛ, ɛzatʊ lɩmaɣza wena akɔma awɛkɩ mbʊ pɩɩwɛ ɖeu yɔ ɛyaa cɔlɔ. Tɔmʊʊ ŋgʊ kutukina piliŋ ndɩ ndɩ nɛ kɩwɛɛna tɔbɩŋ nɩtʊ sakɩyɛ. Tɔmpiye nɖɩ ɖɩlɩna lakaɣ wɛkʊʊ cɔlɔ nɛ ɖɩ-tɔbʊʊ se lɩmaɣza kɩzɩtʊ yaa mɩlɩm tɔm.
Tɔmɩŋ tɔbɩŋ lɩzɩtʊ tɛ lɛ, palaba tɔmpiye nɖɩ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ se pɛlɛzɩ ɛyaa wɛtʊ papɩsɩ ɛyaa kpaŋ sʊyaa mbʊ pɩɩkɛtɩna samaɣ yɔ, se palabina politiki tɔm yaa paɖʊna lalaa kʊñɔŋ. Sɔnzɩ paɣtʊ tɛ lɛ, wɛɛkɩtʊ tɔmpiye nɖɩ ɖɩpaɣlʊʊ wobu yɔɔ wobu pɩlɩna wɛɛ cɔlɔ, ɛsɔ sɛtʊ aŋgba cɔlɔ nɛ paɣtʊ ndɩ ndɩ cɔlɔ nɛ lɩmaɣzɛ lɛɛna naa. Hɔɔlʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa ɖɩnaɣ keekee se pañɩɣ niiye kʊzʊʊ tɔm yɔɔ kɛnɛ.
Kpaŋ kʊdɔmɩŋ tʊmɩyɛ ɖeɖe lɛ tɔmpiye nɖɩ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ ɖɩ-tɔm lɛ kʊzʊʊ yɔɔ pañɩkɩɣ niiye ɛzatʊ tɔm yɔɔ kɛnɛ mbʊ pɩfɛyɩ ɖeu yɔ yɔɔ kɛnɛ kɛlɛ tɔm hʊtʊ sakɩyɛ wɛɛ pɩcɛlɩna lɩmaɣzɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-yɔɔ. Maɣzɩm taa wiluu tʊmɩyɛ ɖeɖe lɛ, Sigmund Freud ñaɖʊ tɔm ndʊ kɛ kʊzʊʊ nɔmɔʊ taa kɛnɛ, pɩkɛ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ kɩkɛzɩyɛ nɛ pɩkɛ hɩnɛ nɛ kodiye pañɩndʊ. ɛcɔŋna lɛ pɩɣa tɛ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ ɖɩkɩlɩ wɛʊ.
Tɔmpee lɛɛna wena añɔtɩna-ɖɩ yɔ ana yɔ, pɩfɛyɩ ɖeu, kañatʊ, efeletu, ɛzaɣʊ, lɛɣʊ tʊ, kʊdɔŋ, kʊzɔɔtʊ laɖʊ, lɛgɛdɛ tʊ, kʊzɔkpɛndɩyɛ tʊ, tɔmɩŋ ɖɔ sakɩyɛ. Tɔmpiye nɖɩ ɖɩlɩna latɛŋ tɔmpee naalɛ cɔlɔ per ɖɩ-tɔbʊʊ se pɩlɩna nɛ vertere ɖɩɖɩ tɔbʊʊ se lɛɛzɩyʊ yaa kɛzɩyʊ.


text:
Frédéric Chopin
Frédéric François Chopin kɛna soo luɖu nɛ wendu luɖu sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ. Ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ piyano maɖʋ sɔsɔ siŋŋ. Ɛ-piyaanoo mabʋ wɛ camɩyɛ kpem welesuu taa. E-liɖe lɩna Fransɩ nɛ Pɔlɔɔñɩ pa-ajɛɛ taa.
Palʊla Frédéric François Chopin kɛ Lakɩŋ fenaɣ kacalaɣ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1810 kɛ Farsoovii tɛtʊ taa, Polɔñ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛkɛ cɩmɩŋ, keɣsi nɛ wendu luɖu sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ. Ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ piyano nɛ soo ndɩ ndɩ maɖʋ sɔsɔ siŋŋ. E-liɖe lɩna Fransɩ nɛ Pɔlɔɔñɩ pa-ajɛɛ taa. Ɛ-wɩlɩyaa sɔsa kɔyɔ: Václav Würfel nɛ Józef Elsner piyele e-sukuli piya taa kɔyɔ: Georges Mathias, Karol Mikuli nɛ Thomas Tellefsen.
Payaɣ ɛ-caa se Nicolas Chopin nɛ e-ɖoo kɔyɔ Justyna Krzyzanowska. Ɛ-kɔɔ kɔyɔ Ludwika Jędrzejewicz. Ɛtɛma ɛ-cɩmɩŋ nɛ e-piyano kpɛlɛkʊ ɛlɛ, ewolo Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ. Peeɖe ɛkada ŋgbɛndʊ nɔɔyʊ, George Sand nɛ ɛna-ɩ pɛwɛ pɩnzɩ nakʊ. Pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ XIX taa ɛwɛ cɩmɩŋ maɖa nɛ wendu teya mba pakɩlʊ cɩmɩŋ weyi ɛkɩlʊ ɛyaa seɣtu yɔ pa-taa. Halɩ nɛ sɔnɔ ɖɔɖɔ mbʊ yɔ, e-wendu ɖɩɩna ɛyaa yɔɔ kʊyɩnaʊ hele hele. Ɛsɩba pɩnaɣ 1849 taa kɛ Paarii, Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa.


text:
Fiodor Dostoïevski
Fiodor Mikhaïlovitch Dostoïevski kɛ Ruusi tʋ. Palʋla-ɩ kamɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ niidozo (30) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1821 n̄ɩŋga taa. Mɔsɩkʋʋ tɛtʋ taa ɛsɩba kamɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ nɛɛlɛ nɛ lutozo (28) ñɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1881 taa Saint-Petersbourg tɛtʋ taa. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se ɛsɩba ɛ-pɩnzɩ nɩɩnʋwa nɛ hiu (60) ñɩnga taa. Fyodor Dostoyevsky laba tʋmɩyɛ yɔ, peeɖe payaɣ se Petɛsburgii kiɖeɖeu tɛtʋ taa.
Fiodor Mikhaïlovitch Dostoïevski kɛ takayasɩ mayʋ sɔsɔ siŋŋ nɔɔyʋ. Ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ ñʊʊtaa lɔŋsɩnɖɛ kpɛlɛkɩyʊ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ ɖɔɖɔ. Ɛ-takayɩsɩ ɖukina pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ takayɩsɩ mayaa sɔsaa lalaa nɛ ñʊʊtaa lɔŋsɩnɖɛ kpɛlɛkɩyʊ sɔsɔ sakɩkɩyɛ tuɖe ajɛya taa. Ɛ-takayɩsɩ yeba nɛ pɩlɛɣzɩ maɣzɩm sɔsɔm ndɩ ndɩ hɔɔlɩŋ nɛ lona ndɩ ndɩ taa.
Fiodor Mikhaïlovitch Dostoïevski tɔɔ kʋn̄ɔŋ siŋŋ ɛ-pɩcatʋ taa. Ɛpaɣla ɛlɛ ɛsʊʊ sɔɔjɛɛtʊ. Pɔkɔɔ pakpa-ɩ paɖʋ salaka agoza fenaɣ taa, pɩnaɣ 1849 ñɩŋga taa. Mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, ɛɛwɛ politiki ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩñɩnaɣ pɛ-ɛjaɖɛ ɛsɩnda wobunaʊ yɔ ɖɩ-taa. Pɩɩwɛɛ se pakaɣ-ɩ kʋʋ, ɛlɛ, pɔkɔɔ peyebi-i. Pɩwayɩ lɛ, ɛpɩsɩ sɔɔjanaa pɩlɩʋ taa tʋmlaɖʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ. Sɔɔjanaa pɩlɩʋ taa tʋmɩyɛ nɖɩɩ eyeba nɛ ɛpɩsɩ takayasɩ mayʋ.
Fiodor Mikhaïlovitch Dostoïevski kɛ naalɛ pɩɣa ɛ-caa cɔlɔ. Payaɣ ɛ-caa se Mikhaïl Andréiévitch Dostoïevski. Ɛ-caa ɛnʋ, ɛkɛ sɔɔjanaa fɛɖʋ sɔsɔ Mɔskʋʋ tɛtʋ taa. Fiodor Mikhaïlovitch Dostoïevski ɖoo payaɣ size Maria Fiodorovna Netchaïev. Esɔsɛya mba mba payaɣ-wɛ se Maacɔwaa yaa menze man-ɖaɣwaa nɛ payaɣ peeɖe se Alexander Neyiskii yɔ, peeɖe pepima-ɩ.


text:
Kuwarɩtɩsɩ
Payaɣ ñɩɣlɩm tɛtʊ natʊyʊ se kuwarɩtɩsɩzɩ. Ñɩɣlɩm tɛtʊ wɛ huwa ndɩ ndɩ taa. Silikatɩ waa huuye taa kuwarɩtɩsɩzɩ wɛɛ. Silikatɩ waa huuye wɛ ñɩɣlɩm tɛtʊ ndʊ payaɣ se tɛkɩtoosilikatɩ waa yɔ pa-pɩlɩʊ taa. Mbʊ payaɣ se dioxyde de silicium yɔ pʊwɛ ñɩɣlɩm tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa. Dioxyde de silicium mayaɣ kɛlɛ SiO2. Ñɩɣlɩm tɛtʊ ndʊ payaɣ se silisi (silice) yɔ pʊwɛ ɖɔɖɔ kuwarɩtɩsɩ taa. Ñɩɣlɩm wondu cikpetu lɛɛtʊ ndɩ ndɩ wɛ ɖɔɖɔ kuwarɩtɩsɩzɩ taa ; Ndʊʊ yɔ : Al, Li, B, Fe, Mg, Ca, Ti, Rb, Na nɛ OH.
Nabʊyʊ taa kɔyɔ, kuwarɩtɩsɩ wɛʊ ɛzɩ ɖɔmbɛ sɔsɔna wena afɛyɩna tɔlɩm nabʊyʊ yɔ. Nabʊyʊ taa lɛ, kuwarɩtɩsɩzɩ wɛɛ ɛzɩ ɖɔmbɛ sɔsɔna wena awɛna tɔlɩm nabʊyʊ yɔ. Nabʊyʊ taa ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, kuwarɩtɩsɩzɩ wɛ ɛzɩ ɖɔmbɛ sɔsɔna wena ñɔsɩ sʊ-yɛ yɔ. Nabʊyʊ taa ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, kuwarɩtɩsɩ yele kɩwɛɛ ɛzɩ ɖɔmbɛ cikpena yululu waa wena añɩlɩnzɩɣ yɔ.
Pɛ pɔɔɖɛ (lithosphère) yuŋ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ lɛ, kuwarɩtɩsɩsɩ yuŋ talɩ kiiloo waa hiu nɛ naalɛ. Ñɩɣlɩm tɛtʊ ndɩ ndɩ ndʊ tɩwɛ pɛ pɔɔɖɛ taa nɛ tɩkɩlɩ wazaɣ nɛ ɛyʊ kɩlɩ-tʊ ɖɔɖɔ sɩm camɩyɛ kpem yɔ, tɩ-taa lɛ, Ɔkɩsɩzɛnɩ ɖɛna nɔɔ. Pʊwayɩ lɛ, pɩtɩŋ siilisiyɔɔm (silicium). Nɛ siilisiyɔɔm wayɩ lɛ, pɩtɩŋ kuwarɩtɩsɩsɩ (quartz). Kuwarɩtɩsɩ wɛ pee kaaʊ yaa pee ɛwaɣ (granite) taa sakɩyɛ. Kɩwɛ wazaɣ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ pee kaaʊ taa.


text:
Henri Matisse
Henri Matisse kɛ Fransɩ tʋ. Ɛkɛ abalʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Palʋla-ɩ saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ, kɩyakʋ niidozo nɛ kʋɖʋmʋʋ (31) wiye, pɩnaɣ 1869 n̄ɩŋga taa.
Cateau-Cambrésis tɛtʋ taa palʋla-ɩ. Cateau-Cambrésis kɛ Fransɩ tɛtʋ natʋyʋ. Ɖajaa ɛnɛ, ɛkɛ tʋma ndɩ ndɩ laɖʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ. Ɛsɩba kamɩŋ fenaɣ, kɩyakʋ naadozo (3) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1954 n̄ɩŋga taa. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ size ɛwɛna pɩnzɩ hiŋ lutozo nɛ kagbanzɩ (85) lɛ ewona sɔsaa mʋlʋm. Nice tɛtʋ taa ɛsɩba Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa peeɖe.
Ɖajaa ɛnɛ, ɛkɛ sɛmɩŋ taʋ tʋmɩyɛ laɖʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛlakɩ sɛmɩŋ taʋ tʋmɩyɛ nɖɩ nɛ sɔɔlɩm siŋŋ mbʋ yɔ, ɛlakɩ-ɖɩ ɖeu ɛzɩ pʋpɔzʋʋ yɔ. Ɖajaa Henri Matisse lakɩ ɖɔɖɔ lɩzɩtʋ tʋmɩyɛ.
Ɖajaa Matisse kɛ ɖɔɖɔ kafɩnta. Ɛsakɩ sɩɣgbelasɩ ndɩ ndɩ. Ɖajaa henri Matisse tʋma ɖɔ sakɩyɛ. Ɖajaa Henri Matisse hɩɖɛ sɛ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ kpaɖʋʋ nɛɛlɛ (20) n̄ɩŋgʋ taa.
Ɛ-tʋma kaakɩlɩna ɖoŋ yaa yuŋ kɛ kpaɖʋ nɛɛlɛ n̄ɩŋgʋ ŋgʋ kɩ-hɛkʋ nɛ hɛkʋ alɩwaatʋ taa. Pasaŋaɣ-ɩ siŋŋ ɛ-tʋma labʋ hɔɔlʋʋ taa pɩlɩɩna ɛzɩma mbʋ ɛpɩzaɣ ɛpɩsɩɣ paa wonuu ŋgʋ lɛ mbʋ ɛsɔɔla yɔ.
Ɖajaa Henri kaakɛ ɖɔɖɔ mbʋ payaɣna Fransɩ kʋnʋŋ taa size "fauvisme" yɔ pʋ-n̄ʋʋ tʋ. Ɛ-tʋmɩyɛ labʋ taa payɩ lɛ, sɔsɔ weyi payaɣ size Pablo Picasso yɔ, ɛkɛna ɛ-taabalʋ nɛ ɛ-sɩnɩyʋ kɔɔnɔɔ tʋ. E-koyindu tʋ yaa ɛ nɛ weyi peheɣlaɣ ɖama yɔ, ɛlɛ lɛ ɖajaa Andy Warhol.


text:
Puligari
Pulgari kɛna Erɔpɩ hadɛ kiŋnɛ wsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ ɛjaɖɛ; ɖɩnɛ ɖɩwɛ Palikantiki tɛtʊ nzʊlɩmɩyɛ taa kpem. Puligari nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ, teŋu Kɩkpɛdʊ wɛna, hadɛ kiŋ lɛ Kɩrɛsɩ nɛ Tuurkii, hayʊ kiŋ Tanubi nɛ Rumani nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa lɛ Sɛribi nɛ Masedoni ɛjaɖɛ taa. Pulgari ɛjaɖɛ ñɔ pɩnaɣ 680 nɛ 681 taa nɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩlɩna Pulgari Sɔsɔʊ taa; nɖɩ ɖɔɖɔ ɖɩkɛna Erɔpɩ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɖiyɛ taa ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩlɛɣ ñɔʊ yɔ Ɛjaɖɛ.
Pɩnaɣ 1800 taa kɛ Puligari hɔɔlɩɣ naalɛ ŋgʊ ñɔɔ nɛ pɩkɔɔ pɩsɩɩna 1908 kɛ mbʊ yɔ Pulgari nɛ Caama ɛjaɖɛ hɛkʊ taa sɔsɔyɛ naɖɩyɛ wɛɛ mbʊ yebina nɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩpɩsɩ Socialiste taa ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ URSS ɖiya pɩnaɣ 1946 yɔ. Pɩnaɣ 1990 taa kɛ URSS kɩgaʊ ŋgbɛyɛ tɔlaa nɛ Puligari pɩsɩ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩtatasɩ wɛʊ Commusiste waa taa yɔ.
Puligari wɛ Erɔpɩ ajɛya kpeekpe kɩkpɛndɩɣ ŋgɛyɛ taa, OTAN ŋgbɛyɛ taa nɛ keteŋa kpeekpe tadɩyɛ laɖaa ajɛya kɩkpɛndɩɣ ŋgbɛyɛ taa ɖɔɖɔ.
Politiki tɔm taa Puligari kɛna ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊtʊ ɖiyuuna yɔ nɛ kewiyaɣ ñʊʊtʊ ñɔcɔŋnana minisiriwaa waa yɔɔ yɔ. Paɣtʊ lɩzɩɣ lɛ, komina nɛ paɣtʊ lɩzɩyaa palakɩna tʊmɩyɛ ɖinɛ, pɩkazɩ tɔm hʊya ñɛwɛna pa-ndɩ. Peeɖe pʊcɔ nɛ ɛyʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊtʊ lɛ, pɔtɔʊ caca nɛ samaɣ lɩzɩ-ɩ nɛ ɛpɩzɩɣ ɛtasɩ kɛʊ ñʊʊtʊ pɩnzɩ kagbaanzɩ wayɩ tam kʊɖʊmbʊ ɖeɖe.
Ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊtʊ ɛnʊ, ɛnʊ lɛ ɛjaɖɛ ̃ñʊʊtʊ nɛ ɛnʊ ñazɩɣna sɔɔjanaa tɩŋga; yee paɣtʊ lɩzɩyaa ɛlɩzɩ paɣtʊ natʊyʊ nɛ tɩtacaɣ camɩyɛ eɖeke ɛpɩzɩɣna nɛ ekizi-tu nɛ paasʊsʊʊ-tʊ; pɩtasɩ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ ɛnʊ lɩzɩɣna kewiyaɣ ñʊʊtʊ. Puligari ɛjaɖe ñʊʊtʊ kɩfalʊ yɔ Rossen Plevneliev; ɛlɛɣzɩ Gueorgui Parvanov kɛ kɔlaɣ fenaɣ 2012. Peeɖe ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊtʊ nɛ- ɛ-tɛɛ tʊ palakɩna tʊmɩyɛ. Ɛ-tɛɛ tʊ ɛnɛ, paatɔʊ caca se palɩzɩ tɛtʊ ñʊʊtʊ lɛ palɩzɩɣ-ɩ ɖɔɖɔ kpaagbaa.


text:
Taalɩyɔm
Taalɩyɔm kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 81 nɛ yʊsaɣ ñɩŋa yɔ Tl. Ɛ-tɛ caɣyɛ lone kɔyɔ 13 pʊtʊnaa pɩlʊʊ kpata yɔɔ nɛ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ ɛwɛɛ mɛfɛyɩ ñɩm waa nɩɣlɩm pʊtʊnaa taa. Ɛnglɩsɩ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkɩyʊ William Crookes nana-ɩ pɩnaɣ 1861 kɛ Aŋglɩtɛɛrɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa alɩwaatʊ ndʊ ɛkpɛlɛkaɣ pɩtɩŋna mʊntʊsʊʊ weluu kɛ mʊntʊsʊʊ ŋgʊ sɛlɛnɩyɔm saɣ miŋ lɛ panaɣ-kʊ yɔ.
Claude Auguste Lamy kɛna kajalaɣ tʊ weyi ɛlɛyɩ-ɩ lɩzɩɣ eyeke yɔ pɩnaɣ kʊyʊmaɣ ŋga ka-taa Lille tɛtʊ taa. Ɛ-hɩɖɛ taalɩyɔm, latɛŋ lɛɣtʊ taa lɛ ɖɩlɩna krɛkɩ kʊnʊŋ taa θaλλός thallos (kʊhɔhɔʊ) pɩlɩna mʊntʊsʊʊ cɛŋga ŋga kalɩɣ kɛsɛɣ tɩŋ hatʊ kpɛdɩŋ nɛ kañɩlɩsɩɣ yɔ (hɩɖɛ kʊyʊmɖɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩlɩɩ anasaayɩ taa mbʊ ɖɔɖɔ se thalle (pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se piliŋga ŋga tɩŋ hatʊ kpɛdɩŋ yɔ. Pɩkɛ ñɩɣlɩm pʊtʊ weyi ɛwɛ kpʊzɩyɛɛ, ɛhɔŋ nɛ ɛcaɣ ɖɔfɩɩ (pɛsɛtɩ-ɩ nɛ saɣ) ɛwɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ pʊlɔŋ nɛ ɛmʊkɩ ɖɔɖɔ ɛnʊ yee peyeba-ɩ helim taa kɔyɔ. Taalɩyɔm ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ ɛ-cɔlɔ ñɩmba kpɛyɛɛ, mɛrɩkɩrɩ nɛ pɩlɔmbɩ, pɛkɛ ñɩɣlɩm yuŋ mba nɛ pacaɣ sɔtʊ piŋ.
Pana taalɩyɔm pʊtʊnaa nabɛyɛ ñɩtʊ yɔɔ kɔɔ taa nɛ paalakaɣ-ɩ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ pakʊna yuŋ. Ɛkɛ sɔtʊ kɔɔ piŋ nɛ ɛkʊʊ ɛyaa. Papɩsɩ-ɩ mʊlʊm lɛ yee ntukina-ɩ kpa pɩlakɩ kaɖɛ siŋ. Taalɩyɔm palakɩ-ɩ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ ñɩtʊ yɔɔ yaa pakʊna yuŋ mbʊ lɛ, papazɩ ɛ-tɔm seu pɩkpaɣna alɩwaatʊ ndʊ panaa se ɛkʊʊ ɛyaa yɔ.
Pʊtʊ ɛnʊ William Bechtel ɛɛkɛ SDDECE ŋgbɛyɛ taa ɛyʊ kaalabɩna kaakpaɣ se ɛkʊna Kameruni sɔɔja Félix Moumié kɛ Zeenɛɛvɩ tɛtʊ taa pɩnaɣ 1960. Ɛyʊ etosi toyi pʊtʊ ɛnʊ ɛ-soɖabi taa, kɛlɛ Moumié kɔma lɛ ɛtapazɩna ñɔʊ sʊlʊm se pɩcɔ ɛtɔɔ ɛ-tɔɔnaɣ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ pɩtaa fɛyɩ liu, kɛlɛ pɩɩcakɩ ɛyʊ ɛnʊ kɛlɛ ɛɖaɣnɩ pɩyʊʊ nabʊlɛ ɖeɖe ɛ-tɔɔnaɣ taa. Moumié tɔɔ tɔɔnaɣ ɛtɛ lɛ ɛtɔŋ se ɖɩtaa yebi-wɛ nɛ pa-sʊlʊm kɛlɛ ɛkpaɣ sʊlʊm nɛ ɛñʊʊ, pɩlaba tam nabʊlɛ sɔtʊ ɛ-taa, peeɖe ɛna se paɖʊ-ɩ kɔɔ.


text:
Ajɛyɛ hɛkɩŋ taa tabalɩyɛ kpɛlɛkʊʊ
Ajɛyɛ hɛkɩŋ taa tabalɩyɛ kpɛlɛkʊʊ Ajɛyɛ hɛkɩŋ taa tabalɩyɛ kpɛlɛkʊʊ, pɩkɛ ɖama nɩnaʊ, ɖama yɔɔdɩnaʊ pɩtɩŋna ɛgbaɣdɩyɛ yɔɔ pɩcɛlɩna ɛyaa hɛkɩŋ yaa agbeela nddɩ ndɩ yaa ajɛyɛ ɛzɩma panɩna ɖama nɛ you ɛtaawɛɛ yɔ. Pɩpaɣzɩ pazɩ pazɩ nɛ ajɛyɛ kpeekpe tɔm nɔɔnɔɔ, ɛzɩma tabalɩyɛ ɛwɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ kpeekpe taa ɛyaa hɛkɩŋ taa pɩtɩŋna ajɛyɛ hɛkɩŋ taa egbaɣɖɩyɛ tamsʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ tɩnaa yɔɔ. Ajɛyɛ hɛkɩŋ taa tabalɩyɛ tɔm nɛ ɛjaɖɛ taa politiki tɔm tʊkaɣ nakayɛ wɛ pɛ-hɛkʊ taa, paa yee tɔmpee ana añɔtɩna ɖama ɛzɩ a-nɔmɔʊ kɛ kʊyʊmʊʊ nɛ a-tʊmɩyɛ caɣ pɩkɛ kʊyʊm kɔyɔ pɩwɛ ndɩ ndɩ.
Ɛjaɖɛ taa politiki tɔm lɩɣna ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa paɣtʊ nɛ politiki pɩlɩna ɖɩ-taa sʊsaa yɔɔ. Kpaɣ ɛzɩ Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ mbʊ yɔ tɩlɩna ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊ tʊ cɔlɔ, ɛjaɖɛ minisi ñʊʊ cɔlɔ nɛ minisi weyi ɛcɔŋna ajɛyɛ lɛɛna tabalɩyɛ tɔm yɔɔ yɔ kɛ Erɔpʊ ajɛyɛ taa. Ajɛyɛ kpɛndʊʊ tɔm kɛ politiki nɔmɔʊ ŋgʊ kɩtamsɩɣ ajɛyɛ nɛ ɖama pɩtɩŋna pʊ-tʊmɩyɛ tɩnaa yɔɔ. Saint-Siège ajɛyɛ kɩkpɛndʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ kɛ lɛɛɖɛ kɛ tʊma ana a-taa nɛ nɖɩ kɩlɩna pɩnʊʊ kedeŋga kpeekpe taa, ɖɩpaza ɖɩ-tʊmɩyɛ ɖooo kpaɣɖʊ 5, ɖɩkpaɖdɩya kpaagbaa kpem Erɔpʊ ɛjaɖɛ taa.
Ajɛyɛ wena anɩna ɖama nɛ añɔtɩ ɖama ñʊŋ aɖʊ ɖama paɣtʊ pɩlɩna nɩnaʊ takayɩ hɔɔlaɣ 3 ŋga pɩnaɣ 1961 kɛ Vienne tɛtʊ, paɣtʊ nɛ pʊ-tʊma ana ɖɩnaɣ yɔ. kajalaɣ lɛ, kɩkpɛndʊʊ ajɛyɛ paa nɖɩ lɛ ɖɩwɛʊna ɖɩ-lone taa caɣyʊ, naalɛ taa lɛ pakandɩɣ ɛjaɖɛ ñɩm yɔɔ pɩlɩna paɣtʊ ndʊ paɖʊ ɖama yɔ tɩ-yɔɔ, nabutozo lɛ patɩlɩ ɖama yɔɔdɩnaʊ nɛ ɖama midinau, naananza lɛ peheyiɣ ɖama takayasɩ taa tɔm kpayi kpayi pɩlɩna pa-tʊma labʊ hɔɔlʊʊ taa, kpaagbaa ɖeɖe lɛ ɖama nesi ɖʊʊ nɛ sɔɔlɩm, ɖama nesi ɖʊʊ tɔsʊʊ nɔmɔʊ taa ɛsakuliye hɔɔlʊʊ taa nɛ lɛɣtʊ nɔmɔʊ taa.
Ɛzɩma ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩsʊza ɖɩpɩzɩ nɛ ɖɩla tʊmɩyɛ nɖɩ keekee yɔ kaakɛna kɩjɛyɩɣ piŋ, tɔmʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩpaza ɖooo ɛsakuliye alɩwaatʊ. Mbʊ pɩwɩlɩɣ keelee se tovonum tɔm ndʊ ɛyaa ɖɔŋ tɩ-yɔɔ yɔ mbʊ lɛ kʊjɔŋ sɔsɔŋ liidiye ñɩŋ weyi palakaɣ yɔ ɛ-yɔɔ. Pɩkɔma pɩnaɣ 1455 lɛ sɔsɔ Milan Francesco Sforza la kajalaɣ ɖeɖe tʊmɩyɛ sɔsɔyɛ naɖɩyɛ, ewoba pɩlɩna ajɛyɛ ɛgbaɣdɩyɛ yɔɔ kɛ Gêne ɛjaɖɛ taa. Kpaɣ pɩnaɣ ŋga mbʊ yɔ lɛ Itaalii sɔsaa lalaa tɩzɩna-ɩ halɩ nɛ pɩkpɛndɩna Erɔpʊ kpeekpe.


text:
Pɩjɛɖɛ kʊdɔŋ (Cancer - maladie)
Pɩjɛɖɛɣ kʊdɔŋ (egbeemiye katʊʊzɩtʊ) pɩkɛ kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ pasɩma-kʊ nɛ kuludasɩɣ huyiŋ tɔyʊʊ tɔyʊʊ (egbeemiye) mbʊ pɩɖɔɔ sakɩyɛ nɛ pɩfɛyɩ camɩyɛ ɛyʊ tomnaɣ taa yɔ. Mbʊ lɛ pɩtɛ weyi ɛ-taa pɩwɛ mbʊ yɔ ɛyʊ ɛɛwɛʊ alaafɩya camɩyɛ. Pɩtɛ kuludasi nzɩ sɩlɩna lone kʊyʊmɖɩyɛ taa nɛ nzɩ tɩna pɩjɛɖɛ kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ, nɛ kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ kɩkpaɣ wɛtʊ ndɩ ndɩ nɛ kɩtɛyɩɣ kɩ-tɩ sakɩyɛ mbʊ ɛyʊ ɛɛnɩɣ pʊtɔɔbʊʊ yɔ.
Seɣtʊʊ wonduu nɛ pɩyɔɔ ɖɛzɩɣ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pɩyʊ wɛ pɩzɩɣ ɖɔɖɔ pɩwɛ. Tɩlɩyɛ kpɛlɛkʊʊ wɩlɩɣ se mɩnʊʊ yɔɔ lɛ 5 ntalɩ 10 pɩlɩna kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ kʊyɔɔ lɛ, lɩna ɖɛzɩɣ kpɛlɛkʊʊ cɔlɔ nɛ kpaɣ 25 nɛ 30 % lɩna taba kʊyɔɔ cɔlɔ nɛ ,30 nɛ 35 % lɩna tɔɔnasɩ cɔlɔ (kɔzɩ kɔzɩ sʊlʊm ɖoŋ mbʊ) nɛ 15 nɛ 20 % lɩna ɖɛzɩtʊ cɔlɔ nɛ 10 nɛ 25 % ɛjaɖɛ wɛtʊ cɔlɔ (wɩsɩ wɛtʊ ndɩ ndɩ nɛ helim taa kʊdɔmɩŋ).
Pɩtɛ kɩkalʊʊ ngʊ nabʊyʊ taa kɩcɛtʊ tɔbʊʊ se ɛzɩ kʊdɔmɩŋ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ mbʊ yɔ pɩjɛɖɛ kʊdɔŋ kɛ ɛyʊ nɛ ɛjaɖɛ pɛ-hɛkʊʊ taa pɩyʊ, ŋgʊ ɖeɖe nɛ sɔnɔ tɛ ñɩnɩtʊ ɛɛpɩzɩɣ se tɩna nɛ tɩwɩlɩ keele mbʊ ɖɛzʊʊ kpɛlɛkʊʊ cɔlɔ tɩlasɩ nzɩ sɩlɩna ɛjaɖɛ cɔlɔ yaa ɛyʊ wɛtʊ cɔlɔ.
Kpaɣ nɛ wayi wayi kpaɣɖʊ kʊnɛ kɩ-taa, pɩjɛɖɛ kʊdɔmɩŋ ɖɔ sakɩyɛ. Pɩdɛ ɖɔʊ mbʊ pɩlɩna wɛtʊ natʊyʊ naa ndʊ papɩza nɛ patɩlɩ yɔ pɩcɔlɔ (taba ñɔʊ nɛ sʊlʊm ɖoŋ mbʊ ñɔʊ nɛ tɔɔnasɩ nɛ wonduu tʊma sɔsɔnaa ɖɩlaɖɛ kuduyuŋ weyi pasɩma-ɩ se ɛlɩzɩɣ pɩjɛɖɛ kʊdɔŋ ñɔsɩ yɔ nɛ paɣlaka kadadayaɣ nɛ lone kʊyʊɖɩyɛ taa caɣʊ nɛ wɩsɩ yɔɔ caɣʊ) wɛtʊ lɛɛtʊ taa lɛ, pɩwɛ kaɖɛ se patɩlɩ wɛtʊ naa lala mba pɔyɔɔ pɩtɩŋgɩna nɛ kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ kɩɖɔʊ yɔ.
Latɛŋ kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ, cancer (crabe, chancre, cancer) kɩñɔtɩna Kɩrɛkɩ kʊnʊŋ kapkιvoς, karkinos. Pɩwɛ ɛzɩ hɩɖɛ ndɩ Hippocrate hana-ɖɩ, mbʊ pʊyɔɔ pɩjɛɖɛ wɛna hosi pɩwalɩ nɛ paa hɔɔlʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa, ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ pɩcɛɖɛ wɛnaʊ naŋgbanzɩ yɔ. Kiɖe kʊyʊmɖɩyɛ ndɩ (Paul d’Egine) sɔzʊʊ ɖɔɖɔ se ɛ-hɩɖɛ lɩna nabɛyɛ cɔlɔ mbʊ alɩwaatʊ ɛɖɛna tomnaɣ piliŋga nakayɛ lɛ, eyeki kaʊ, ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ pɩcɛɖɛ yɔ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ ɛtamsɩɣ ɛ-tɩ nɛ nabʊyʊ yɔ.


text:
Amɛrɩsɩyɔm
Amɛrɩsɩyɔm kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 95 nɛ ɛ-yʊsaɣ ñɩŋa yɔ Am. Ɛ-tɛ nɛ akɩtɩnɩdɩ waa tɛ, ɛtɔʊʊ cɛnzɩ nɛ poluba-ɩ kulubu. Ɛkɛ ñɩɣlɩm pʊtʊalɩwaatʊ ndʊ ɛjaɖɛ taa soŋgaɣ nɛ ɛsɔkaɣ taa soŋgaɣ ɛwɛ camɩyɛ yɔ. Amɛrɩsɩyɔm kɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛtɔʊʊ cɛnzɩ nɛ ɛ-tɛ nɛ akɩtɩnɩdɩ waa tɛ. Ɛwɛ ɛzɩ ñɩɣlɩm yɔ ɖɩnaɣ se e-tomnaɣ hʊlʊmaa nɛ ɛ-ñɩlɩsɩɣ liidiye tɩyɛ (ɛ-ñɩlɩsɩɣ pɩkɩlɩ plutonɩyɔm yaa nɛptʊnɩyɔm).
Pɩlɩna mbʊ ɖiɣ ɖiɣ fɛyɩ-ɩ lɛ, amɛrɩsɩyɔm tɔtɔyɩ tɛtʊ pɔɔɖɛ taa. Ɛkɛ pʊtʊ weyi poluba-ɩ kulubu alɩwaatʊ ndʊ palakaɣ helim ñʊʊ yɔɔ tɛ tuyuu ñamɩyɛ tʊmɩyɛ yɔ, nɔɔnɔɔ pamaɣzɩ se ɛkɛ cɛnzɩ tɔʊʊ tɛ pɩdʊʊ pɩyʊ. Pɛkɛdɩna Amerika ɛjaɖɛ hɩɖɛ nɛ paya-ɩ ɛ-hɩɖɛ, ɖɔɖɔ ɛrɔpɩyɔm yɔ, ɛkɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-tɛ nɛ lantanɩdɩ waa nɛ ɛ nɛ-ɩ pɛkpɛndɩ wɛtʊ.
Ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ pʊtʊnaa lalaa mba pakɩlɩ yuŋ ʊranɩyɔm yɔ, mbʊ ɖɔɖɔ wayi wayi wɛɛ taa pana-ɩ. Pɩtɩŋna helim taa tomnasɩ ñɩɣyɩŋ tʊma ɛsɩnda ɖɛnaʊ yɔ pɩnzɩ 1940 taa papɩza polubi-ɩ.
Palaba-ɩ kajalaɣ ɖeɖe lɛ, pɩtɩŋna Glenn T. Seaborg, Leon Morgan, Ralph James nɛ Albert Ghiorso pɔ-yɔɔ pɩnaɣ 1944 tɛmtʊ alɩwaatʊ wiluu nɛ takɩɣ ñɩɣlɩm sukuli sɔsɔʊ taa Sikago (nɔɔnɔɔ ŋgʊ payaɣ se Argonne National Laboratory).


text:
Franz Liszt
Franz Liszt, Hɔŋirii kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ, Liszt Ferenc kɛ hendu lɩzɩyʊ, maʊ ɖaɣnɩyʊ nɛ piyano keɖeɣa tʊmɩyɛ niye mʊyʊ hongrois ɛjaɖɛ taa. Palʊla-ɩ aloma fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 22 pɩnaɣ 1811Doborján (Otirisi ɛjaɖɛ tɛ Ampiiri taa). Ɛsɩ hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 31 pɩnaɣ 1886 Bayreuth (Caama) ɛjaɖɛ taa. Liszt kɛnɛ piyaanoo kɩfalʊ nɛ kɩ-hendu teu tɛ lɛɣtʊ kpɛlɛkɩtʊ caa. Ɛnʊ yebina piyaanoo cʊɖʊ ɛyaa, piyano soo mabɩtʊ Mazeppa.
Ɛnʊ kɛnɛ cee yɔɔ nesi tɛɛ keɖeɣa hendu tɛ kiɖe ɖʊyʊ nɛ pɩlaɖʊ (cee yɔɔ miziiki kɛ evemiye taa tɔm kɛdɩyaa tɛ lʊbɩtʊ tɩnaa canaʊ taa), mbʊ lɛ, Liszt pizi ɛñazɩ nɛ ɛcaɣ piŋ kpaɣɖʊ 19 alɩwaatʊ kɛ miziiki nɔmɔʊ taa ɛyaa pɛnɛ pɔyɔɔ, Hector Berlioz, Camille Saint-Saëns, Robert Schumann nɛ Richard Wagner.
Ɛfɛyɩ alaafɩya keeke mbʊ lɛ, niikaɣ ɛlaazɩ sʊʊ. Pɩnzɩ loɖo eteu Ries yɔɔ hendu ndʊ ɛsɩma pɩlɩna Concerto en ut dièse mineur yɔɔ ndʊ ɛ-caa kaatewa pɩtaatɩɩ leɖɩda. Adam Liszt kpaɣ lɩmaɣza se ɛkpɛlɛkɩ-ɩ piyano. Pʊcɔ pɩnzɩ naalɛ lɛ, Liszt paɣzɩ Johann Sebastian Bach, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart nɛ Ludwig van Beethoven pa-tʊma labʊ. Ɛwɛna lidau piŋ pa-tʊmɩyɛ yɔ lɛ, ɛmaɣzɩ se eyeki nɛ ɛ-pɩyalʊ hiɣ pɛ-tɛ ñʊʊ yabɩtʊ. Pɩtɩŋna hongrois ɛyaa weewe tɩnaa nabɛyɛ tɛ kʊjɔŋ yɔɔ lɛ, Liszt caɣ Vienne tɛtʊ taa pɩnaɣ 1822.
Franz Liszt kpɛlɛkɩ piyano kɛ Carl Czerny cɔlɔ nɛ hendu lɩzɩtʊ Antonio Salieri cɔlɔ. Ɛkplɛka camɩyɛ mbʊ lɛ, ɛlɩzɩ ɛ-kajalaɣ ɖama taa ɖʊʊ soo hendu samaɣ sɔsɔ nakayɛ ɛsɩnda kɛ Landständischer Saal saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ kajalaɣ kɩyakʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 1822 taa. Fenasɩ cabɩ wayɩ lɛ, Redoutensaal tɛ soo kɛdɩna ɛyaa piŋ nɛ pasɩ-tʊ pe-wezuu caɣʊ tɩŋa taa.
Ɛpɩsa piyano maɖʊ sɔsɔ mbʊ lɛ, Liszt pazɩ cɔʊʊ Eerɔpʊ ajɛyɛ taa pɩnaɣ 1823. Ɛlɛ, ɛ-nɔmɔʊ ŋgʊ kɩsɩŋɩ lɩŋ Paarii tɛtʊ taa pɩtalɩ ɛzɩ kpɩtaʊ mbilim yɔ. Ɛtapɩzɩɣ se ɛsʊʊ miiziki kewiyaɣ sukuli taa pɩlɩna mbʊ se ɛkɛ ɛkɔm mbʊ lɛ, Liszt pazɩɣ lɩzɩɣ sakɩyɛ sakɩyɛ ɛtɩ yɔɔ soo hendu nɛ ɛjaɖɛ taa hendu. Lakɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 7 pɩnaɣ 1824 ɛma soo vendu Itaalii amʊza ɖeɖe. Ɛtɛ teu kɛdɩna Paarii takayasɩ mayaa. Kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 1824 ŋtalɩ 1827, Liszt ɖɔ nɔmɔŋ sakɩyɛ sakɩyɛ Angleterre ɛjaɖɛ nɛ Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ.
Pɩtɩŋa nɔmɔŋ ɛ-yɔɔ lɛ, ehiɣ ñɩm sakɩyɛ. Ɛwɛna pɩnaɣ 1827 cɔlɔ mbʊ yɔ liidiye pɩtalɩ kudokiŋ 60000 ɛha-ɖɩ Esterhazy waa tɛ. Sɔŋa alɩwaatʊ talɩ pɩnaɣ 1827 taa nɛ Liszt tɔlɩ kʊɖɔŋ nɛ ɛcaɣ Boulogne-sur-Mer tɛtʊ taa. Ɛ-yɔɔ cɛ yaa tomna taa sooci ɛlɛ, ɛ-caa ñɛlɛdɩ ɛsɩ. Pɩsɩna ɛzɩma ɛ-caa fɛyɩ lɛ, Franz Liszt ɖʊ kaʊ ɛ-tɛ elebitu yaa hama tɔm.]


text:
Eerɔpʋ tɛtʋ wandamm
Eerɔpʋ tɛtʋ tɔm, kɔzɩ kɔzɩ tɛtʋ ndʋ payaɣ se Eerɔpʋ "méridionale" yɔ tɩ-tɔm pakɩlɩ maʋ takayɩsɩ taa. Ɛlɛ, pɩtɛkɛ yem nɛ pakɩlɩ-tʋ maʋ takayɩsɩ taa. Tɔm sɔsɔtʋ naanza natʋyʋ yɔɔ pɩtɩŋnaa nɛ pɩla se Eerɔpʋ "méridionale" tɔm pakɩlɩ maʋ takayɩsɩ taa:
- Kajalaɣ lɛ, Eerɔpʋ tɛtʋ taa pacalɩ maʋ kuduyiŋ nɛ pɛ.
- Nabʋlɛ lɛ, peeye tɛ niɣkaɣ nɛ soŋaɣ pɛ-wɛtʋ wɛ wɛɖʋʋ ŋgʋ yɔ, piyeki se caanaʋ wondu ɛtaapʋʋ yem.
- Tozo ɖeɖe lɛ, Eerɔpʋ tɛtʋ taa papaɣzɩ kʋnʋmɩŋ maʋ. Yee mbʋ, tɔm ndʋ pama-tʋ payɩ takayɩsɩ taa yɔ, petelesi tɔm ndʋ tɩ-taa takayaɣ nakɛyɛ.
- Kpaakpaa ɖeɖe lɛ, Eerɔpʋ tɛtʋ taa ɛyaa calɩna labʋ lɩmaɣzɛ se pama pa-caanaʋ tɔm takayɩsɩ taa nɛ pasɩɩ pa-wayɩ n̄ɩma. (Pama Homère tɔm, pama Hérodote n̄ɩndʋ nɛ pɛtɛ pama Strabon tɔm. Pama ɖɔɖɔ pɔ-cɔzɔnaa sakɩyɛ tɔm lɛɛtʋ.
Samaɣ ŋga payaɣ se "sami" yaa "lapon" yɔ kɔ-hɔʋ waasɩ nɛɛlɛ kiɖe tɛɛ. Eerɔpʋ tɛtʋ taa caanaʋ tɔm n̄ɩnɩyaa nɛ tɩ-mayaa pɛtɛyɩ caanaʋ tɔm alɩwaatʋ ndɩ ndɩ taa. Kajalaɣ lɛ, tɔm ndʋ tɩɩwɛɛ nɛ pʋcɔ caanaʋ tɔm paɣzɩ yɔ, alɩwaatʋ ńdʋ payaɣ se "préhistoire". Alɩwaatʋ tʋnɛ tʋtʋ wayɩ lɛ, "Antiquité" alɩwaatʋ n̄atɩŋɩ nɛ "Antiquité" alɩwaatʋ wayɩ lɛ, "Moyen Âge alɩwaatʋ tɩŋɩ. "Afrɩka ajɛɛ wena awɛna Sahara Kañɩnbʊsaɣ nɛ hadɛ kiŋ yɔ a-alɩwaatʋ nɛ amérindienne précolombienne alïwaatʋ nɛ Siini alɩwaatʋ nɛ Ɛɛndɩ n̄ɩndʋ pɛwɛ ndɩ nɛ Eerɔpʋ tɛtʋ taa caanaʋ tɔm n̄ɩndʋ.
Paa mbʋʋ yɔ, wɛtʊ ndɩ ndɩ natʊyʊ naadozo lɛɣzɩna Eerɔpʊ tɛtʊ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ kedeŋa yɔɔ ajɛya sɔsɔna lɛɛna yɔ.
- Kajalaɣ lɛ, polubu miŋ yɔ, pɩlɛɣzɩ Eerɔɔpʊ tɛtʊ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ. Polubu miŋ yɔ, pɩtalɩ ɛzɩ pɩnzɩ 400 000 yaa 800 000 yɔ mbʊ yɔ. Pɩkpaɣʊnɛ mbʊ yɔ, patɩzɩɣ tɔɔnasɩ nɛ pʊcɔ pɔtɔkɩ.
- Miŋ lubu wayɩ lɛ, mbʊ payaɣ se « révolution néolithique» yɔ, pʊbʊ n̄alɩɩ. Pɩlaba pɩnzɩ 2 000 yaa 8000 yɔ lɛɣtʊ ndʊ tɩlɩʊ yɔ. Alɩwaatʊ ńdʊ tɩ-taa haɖaʊ tʊma pazɩ pɩkpa ɖoŋ siŋŋ.
- Nabudozo ɖeɖe lɛ, mbʊ payaɣ se «< révolution industrielle » yɔ, pʊbʊ n̄alɩɩ nɛ pɩtɛzɩ Eerɔɔpʊ tɛtʊ lɛɣzʊʊ kpem. Anansaayɩ wondu ndɩ ndɩ lubu alɩwaatʊ taa kɛlɛ. Pɩlaba kpaɖɩŋ naalɛ yɔ Anansaayɩ wondu ndɩ ndɩ lubu lɩʊ yɔ. Mbʊ hanɛ waɖɛ nɛ ɛyʊ wɛɛna ɖoŋ mbʊ payaɣ se « énergie électrique» yɔ pʊ-yɔɔ.


text:
Bahaullah
Palʊlɩ ɛyʊ weyi payaɣ se Mīrzā Ḥusayn-ʿAlī Nūrī yɔ kamɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ hiu nɛ naalɛ n̄ɩŋgʊ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1817 n̄ɩŋga taa. Palʊla-ɩ Iranɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa, Teheeraanɩ tɛtʊ taa. Ɛsɩba agoza fenaɣ kɩyakʊ nɩɩlɛ nɛ nakʊ n̄ɩŋgʊ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1892 n̄ɩŋga taa. Ɛsɩba Izrɛɛlɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa, Aakrɩ tɛtʊ taa. Mīrzā Ḥusayn-ʿAlī Nūrī kɛ Ɛsɔ lɔɔyaɣ tʊ nɔɔyʊ. Pakʊma-ɩ hɩɖɛ ɛ-tɛ Iiraanɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa se Bahāʾ-Allāh. Hɩɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-tɔbʊʊ lɛ se Ɛsɔ Ɖoŋ yaa Ɛsɔ n̄alɩmɩyɛ.
Bahāʾ-Allāh tɔŋ se ɛnʊʊ lɛ, Ɛsɔ lɔɔyaɣ tʊ kpaagbaa n̄ɩnʊ weyi Ɛsɔ tiyi kedeŋa yɔɔ yɔ. Ɛɔŋ se Ɛsɔ lɔɔyasɩ tɩnaa sʊsaa panɛ : Krishna nɛ Abrɩham nɛ Moïse, Bouddha nɛ Zoroastre nɛ Yeesu nɛ Muḥammad pa-wayɩ lɛ, ɛnʊ wɛna. Se ɛnʊʊ lɛ Ɛsɔ wɛtʊ yeli kedeŋa yɔɔ. Ɛyɔɔdɩ se kedeŋa kpeekpe ɛyaa kaɣ kpɛndʊʊ nɛ pɛkɛ ɛyaa kʊɖʊmaa. Se pakaɣ kpɛndʊʊ nɛ pala sɔnzɩ kʊɖʊmasɩ. Ɛyɔɔdɩ ɖɔɖɔ se ɛ-tɔm ɖooo lɔŋdaa Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ aŋgba kpeekpe kosusaa. Se ɛ-tɔm posusaɣ ɖooo lɔŋ se ɛkaɣ kɔm kɛdɛzaɣ alɩwaatʊ taa nɛ eyele nɛ siɣsiɣ tɔm wɛɛ kedeŋa yɔɔ nɛ ɛyaa tɩŋa wɛɛ laŋhʊlʊmɩyɛ nɛ laŋhɛzɩyɛ pa-taa yem fɛɛɛ.
Ɛɛkɛ weyi payaɣ se Bāb yɔ ɛ-wayɩ tɩŋɩyʊ pɩnaɣ 1819 nɛ puwolo pɩsɩɩna pɩnaɣ 1850 n̄ɩŋga taa. Bāb n̄ɔtɔŋaɣ se ɛkɛ weyi ɛkʊyʊʊ ɛsɔdaa yɔ. Patasaɣ-ɩ yaʊ ɖɔɖɔ se Imam Caché yaa Al-Mahdī, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se weyi pʊwɩla-ɩ nʊmɔʊ kɩbaŋʊ siŋŋ yɔ. Se ɛ-tɔm Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se Izilaam yɔ, ɖisusaɣ. Se ɛnʊʊ Malɩŋ kaɖaŋaa se ɛkɔɔ nɛ pʊcɔ Tɔm Hʊʊ Kpaagbaa Evemiye talɩ


text:
René Descartes
Palʊla René Descartes kɛ lakɩŋ fenaɣ 31 pɩnaɣ 1596 kɛ La Haye, Fransɩɩ tɛtʊ taa nɛ ɛsɩ lɛlaɣ fenaɣ 11 pɩnaɣ 1650 kɛ Stɔkhɔlm, Sʊyɛdɩ taa. Ɛkɛ mathématicien, physicien nɛ filozofii tʋ. Pakpaɣ-ɩ sɩ weyi ɛlɩza mbʊ payɣ se Filozofii moderne yɔ; mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, tɔm natʊyʊ yɔɔdɩɣ ɛ-yɔɔ tɔm tʊnɛ yɔ, paanɛ tɩwɩzɩʊ ɛzɩma yɔ: « Hayɩ, Descartes talaa kɛlɛ ». Latɛŋ taa kɛ ɛlɩza mbʊ payaɣ se ɛyʊ-tʊ sɩŋŋŋ yɔ nɛ ɛyɔɔdɩɣ se alɩwaatʊ ndʊ ɛnʊ ɖɩna maɣzɩʊ yɔ, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se ɛnʊ wɛɛ. Physique taa lɛ, ɛwɛ ɛzɩ mba palɩza lakasɩ nzɩ piciidɩɣ yɔ nɛ payaɣ se mécanisme yɔ pa-taa nɔɔyɩ yɔ. Mathématiques taa lɛ, ɛlɩza mbʊ payaɣ se géométrie analytique yɔ.
Ɛ-tɛ méthode scientifique ŋgʊ ɛlɩza pɩnaɣ 1628 kɛɛ-takayaɣ ŋga ɛya se "Règles pour la direction de l'esprit" nɛ "Discours de la méthode" kɛ pɩnaɣ 1637 yɔ, sɩpazaa sɩɖɩzɩ mbʊ pawɩlaɣ sukili sɔsɔʊ taa kɛ scolastique taa yɔ. Ɛyɔɔda se, ɛyʊ wɛʊ mbʊ yɔ mbʊ ɛkɩlɩɣ tɛyʊ nɛ lalaa nɛ pɩkɩlɩ ɖeu yɔ, mbʊ lɛ ɛyʊ lɛlʊ wɩzasɩ nɩʊ.
E-evebutu[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Paya Descartes caa se Joachim Descartes. Palʊla-ɩ saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ naalɛ pɩnaɣ 1563 kɛ Sucé-sur-Erdre, nɛ ɛkɛ lɔŋ tasɩyʊ kɛ paɣtʊ lɩzɩya taa kɛ Rennes tɛtʊ taa nɛ e-ɖoo se Jeanne Brochard Bretagne. Palʊla ɛlɛɛ Indre-et-Loire taa kɛ pɩnaɣ 1566 nɛ peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ ɛsɩba. Palʊla Descartes kɛ e-egbelenaa tɛ kɛ La Haye tɛtʊ taa mbʊ pʊ-yɔɔ yɔ, ɛ-caa lakaɣ tʊmɩyɛ kɛ Rennes tɛtʊ taa nɛ ɛtaawɛna alɩwaatʊ se ɛcɔna ɛ-yɔɔ. Descartes kɛ naatozo-tʊ nɛ patɩŋga mbʊ yɔ, e-egbelenaa kɛ palʊla-wɛ. Palʊla-ɩ lakɩŋ fenaɣ 31 kɛ pɩnaɣ 1596 nɛ pɔsɔ-ɩ lɩm kɛ Saint-Georges cɔɔcɩ taakɛ ɖomaɣ fenaɣ naatozo wiye pɩnaɣ 1596. Pɩwɛɛ se pɩwɛɛ kɔyɔ, paasɔ-ɩ pʊ paroisse Notre-Dame taa ɛlɛ ɛzɩma papɩsa Protestant waa yɔ, pɩ-yɔɔ kɛ pɔsɔ-ɩ pʊ peeɖe. Ɛ-tɛ kacalaɣ kpaŋgbamʊʊ kɛ payaɣ se René Brochard des Fontaines, e-ɖoo caa; ɛlɛ kɛ tɔm hʊyʊ kɛ Poitiers tɛtʊ taa. Ɛ-tɛ kpaŋgbamʊʊ naalɛ ñɩnʊʊ payaɣ se Michel Ferrand, ɛlɛ kɛ e-neze ɖalʊ nɛ ɛkɛ sɔɔja sɔsɔ weyi paayaɣ se lieutenant-général yɔ nɛ ɛwɛɛ wiyau sɔsɔ Châtellerault tɛ. E-ɖoo sɩba agoza fenaɣ 13 pɩnaɣ 1597. Ɛsɩba lɛ, Descartes wɛna pɩnaɣ nɛ fenaɣ.


text:
Aŋgɩlɩtɛɛrɩ
Aŋgɩlɩtɛɛrɩ kɛna Kewiyaɣ kɩkpɛndaɣ taa ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖinɛ ɖi-hayʊ kiŋ lɛ, ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ se Ekɔsɩ yɔ ɖɩwɛnɑ nɛ ɖɩ-wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa lɛ, ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ se Macɛsɩ yɔ ɖɩwɛna. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ, teŋgunaa sakɩyɛ cɔ-ɖɩ kpɛɛ nɛ pɩta nɛ teŋgunaa mba pa-taa kɔyɔ: tɛngʊ hayʊ kiŋ ñɩŋgʊ kɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa; wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ nɛ hayʊ kiŋ lɛ, Iiritalandɩ teŋgu; hadɛ kiŋ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa lɛ, teŋgu ŋgʊ payaɣ-kʊ se Sɛltiki yɔ kɩwɛna piyele pɔɔ ŋga payaɣ-kɛ se Mansɩ yɔ kɛwɛna nɛ ŋga kɛtɛyʊna Ɩŋilitɛɛrɩ nɛ Erɔpʊ tɛtʊ. Ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa tɛtʊ ndʊ lɩm cɔ-tʊ nɛ pɩta yɔ tɩɖɛ ɛzɩ mɩnɩʊ yɔ.
Lɔndrɩ kɛŋna ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ. Kewiyaɣ kɩkpɛndaɣ ajɛyaa taa lɛ, Aŋgɩlɩtɛɛrɩ kɛŋna ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖi-taa ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ nɛ pɩnaɣ 2011 paakala-wɛ lɛ, patala ɛzɩ miliyɔɔnaa 53 yɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɔɖɔ kɩlɩna walanzɩ nɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ taa wɛ ɛzɩ 131 760 km2. Ɛzɩ ajɛyaa lɛɛna taa ɛyaa huyuu kewiyaɣ yɔɔ yɔ, Aŋgɩlɩtɛɛrɩ ñɩnɖɛ taa pɩvɛyɩ mbʊ. Peeyeba kewiyaɣ ŋga yaa komina taa ɛyaa lɩzɩʊ kɛ ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1707.
Weyi ɛcɔŋna peeɖe ɛjaɖɛ yɔɔ yɔ, ɛnʊʊ payaɣ se David Cameron. Pɩwɛ mbʊ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, ɛ-cɔlɔ kpɛɛ nabɛyɩ wɛɛ nɛ pasɩŋna-ɩ tʊma labʊ nɛ paq-taa kɔyɔ Gordon Brown. Keteŋga kpeekpe yɔɔ lɛ, Aŋgɩlɩtɛɛrɩ ɛjaɖɛ wɛ ajɛya wena a-taa tɔsʊʊ kɩla ɖɔʊ yɔ, nɛ yee pakpaɣ ɛzɩma ɛyʊ kʊɖʊm hiku yaa ɛtɔkɩ efemiye taa kɔyɔ, pɩtalɩɣ ɛzɩ 22 907 livres sterling yɔ. Yee pakpaɣ Lɔndrɩ tɛtʊ yɔ, tɩ-taa tɔsʊʊ kɩla Erɔpʊ taa nɛ pɩnaɣ 2009 ɖɔɖɔ taa lɛ, tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩɩkɩlɩna wɛʊ ñɩm keteŋga kpeekpe yɔɔ.
Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa ɛsɔ sɛtʊ ndʊ pɛsɛʊ yɔ pɩ-taa kɔyɔ: krɩstʊ mba ŋgbɛyɛ, malɩŋ ŋgbɛyɛ, Ɛnduyismi, Sikiyismi, Sudayismi, Pudiyismi nɛ aŋgba lɛɛna ndɩ ndɩ ɖɔdɔ.


text:
Karasii
Karasii kɛna Pakisitani ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-taa ɛyaa ɖɔɔ pɩɖɛ ɛzɩ miliyɔɔnaa nɛɛlɛ yɔ nɛ tɩ-walanzɩ landammm taa wɛ maɣna kilomɛtanaa 3 527. Pɩnaɣ 2011 taa pakalɩ kɩgalʊ lɛ, pana ɛyaa 21 142 625. Malɩŋ ajɛya kpeekpe taa lɛ, Karasii tɛtʊ taa kɛ ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ; pʊtɔbʊʊ kɛlɛ se tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩwɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ kɛ keteŋa kpeekpe tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ taa yɔ.
Karasii tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-taa kɛ pasɩ Pakisitani ɛjaɖɛ lɩzɩyʊ kɔnaɣ-tʊ weyi payaɣ-ɩ se Muhammad Ali Jinnah yɔ ɛ-tɛ sɩʊkpelaɣ. Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɖama nɩnaʊ fɛyɩ sɩŋŋŋ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ ageeta wena payaɣ-yɛ se suniti nɛ siititi yɔ aanaɣ ɖama nɛ ɛsɩyɛ. Peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ yam yam lakasɩ nɛ ɛyaa kʊʊ tɔm ɖeke wena kpaɣ ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1980.
Karasii wɛ Arabi teŋgu kidiiliŋ tɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ hɔɔlʊʊ taa nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ nɛ hayʊ kiŋ lɛ ɛndusi wɛna. Peeɖe tɛtʊ taa kɛ komina tʊma sʊsɔna kɩla wɛʊ. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-taa sukuli kɩtɛzʊ taa sukuli piya ɖɛ ɛzɩ kutokiŋ 80 000 yɔ nɛ peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa efebiya nɛ pɛlaa powoki se pala tʊmɩyɛ teŋu kidiiliŋ cɔlɔ. Payaɣ Karasii tɛtʊ yɔɔ cɔnɩyʊ kɩkfalʊ se Lala Fazal-ur-Rehman.


text:
Rʊpɩdɩyɔm
Rʊpɩdɩyɔm kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ amyaɣ kɔyɔ 37 nɛ mayaɣ mayaɣ Rb. Ɛkɛ ɖʊʊyʊ ñɩɣlɩm pɩyʊ, ɖɔfɩɩ nɛ ɛwɛ liidiye sɛmɩŋ tɩyɛ nɛ pʊcɔ eyoli lɛ pɩpɔzɩɣ se ɛsa miŋ ɛtalɩ 39,3 °C. Papɩzɩɣ peyele-ɩ helim taa nɛ eeyoli, Sɛzɩyɔm nɛ kalɩyɔm, merɩkɩrɩ yeke kɛna lɩm ñɩɣlɩm wonuu ŋgʊ paa kɩɩwɛ helim taa ɛzɩma yɔ.
Ɛ-hɩɖɛ lɩna latɛŋ kʊnʊŋ taa se rubidus (pʊ-tɔbʊʊ kɩsɛmɩŋ), pɩlɩna lɩtɩyɔm mʊntʊsʊʊ weluu sɛmɩŋ cɩɩɩ cɛnzɩ. Pɩnaɣ pɩsa lɛ, palɩzɩ-ɩ eyeke pɩtɩŋna Bunsen yɔɔ. Ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ ɖʊʊyʊ wondu lɛɛtʊ yɔ, ɛ nɛ helim pakatɩ ɖama kpa ɛmʊ miŋ nɛ padʊ-ɩ lɩm taa pɩwasɩɣ.
Rʊpɩdɩyɔm tɛ kɩlɔrɩ (RbCl) kɛ pʊtʊ weyi pakɩlɩ-ɩ labɩnaʊ tʊmɩyɛ Rʊpɩdɩyɔm taa yɔ. Ɛnʊ pakɩlɩɣ labɩnaʊ tʊmɩyɛ wezuu kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊma ɖeɖe. Ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ kaŋwa lone taa caɣyʊ ɛyʊ tomnaɣ taa. Rʊpɩdɩyɔm pʊtʊ naa lalaa kɔyɔ Rʊpɩdɩyɔm hɩdrɔzɛnɩ tɛ ŋgʊ ɛlɛ pʊʊzʊʊ pɩkɩlɩɣ sɔdɩyɔm nɛ kaŋwa maɣmaɣ. Rʊpɩdɩyɔm kaŋwa (RbCO3) palakɩna tʊmɩyɛ mʊntʊsʊʊ ñɩlɩŋ ɛzɩ kuwiviri nɛ Rʊpɩdɩyɔm (Rb2SO4•CuSO4•6H2O).
Palakɩ-ɩ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ ajana mʊntʊsɩŋ weyi pɔtɔ-ɩ ɛsɔta yɔ, palakɩ-ɩ kɔɔ sakɩyɛ ɖɔkɔtɔ naa taa, palakɩ-ɩ alɩwaatʊ wɩlɩɣ ñɩɣyʊ, ɖɔɖɔ ɛnʊ palakɩna tʊmɩyɛ calɩm ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa yaa sɛrɔm naa ɖʊ ɖeɖe,


text:
Sʊfɩrɩ
Sʊfɩrɩ kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 16 nɛ yʊsaɣ ñɩŋa yɔ S yɔ. Ɛ-tɛ nɛ salɩkɔzɛnɩ waa tɛ kiŋ. Ɛtɛkɛ ñɩɣlɩm pɩyʊ weyi ɛwɛna wazaɣ piŋ yɔ, ɛfɛyɩ leleŋ nɛ ɛɛyɔlʊʊ lɩm taa. Pasɩma sʊfɩrɩ lɛ, kɩwɛ ɛzɩ sʊtʊ lɩm ɖɔmbɛyɛ nɛ kɩwɛ tɛtɛɛ wondu taa (sʊlɩfɩrɩ nɛ sʊlɩfatɩ taa) nɛ ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɛgbam, kɔzɩ kɔzɩ miŋ pʊŋ ageeta taa.
Pʊtʊ ɛnʊ ɛwɛ kɩjɛyɩɣ paa pʊtʊ wezuu weyi ɛ-tɛ, ɛlakɩ tʊmɩyɛ amini siziŋ hoka lʊlʊʊ tɛ, sɩstɛyɩnɩ waa nɛ metiyonini waa nɛ, pɩwɛ mbʊ lɛ, ɛwɛ sakɩyɛ yaɖɛ taa kʊlʊm taa. Sʊfɩrɩ sɩɣna halɩ ɖooo 90% nɛ palakɩna sʊlɩfɩrɩ siziŋ lɩm, pɩkɛ kiɖe pʊyʊ kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ. Palakɩ-ɩ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ piŋ anasaayɩ huɖe hɔɔlʊʊ taa (sʊlɩfɩrɩ siziŋ ɖɔm) (haɖaʊ nɔmɔʊ taa lɛ, 60%) nɛ kpɛŋgbɛsɩ tɩŋ kʊdɔmɩŋ hɔɔlʊʊ taa.
Palakɩna-kʊ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ sɔzɩŋ wondu ɖeɖe, tɔɔnasɩ kɩtɔsɩ ɛyaa tɛ ñɩnzɩ nɛ kpɩnaa tɛ, palakɩna ɖɔɖɔ hatʊ mʊtʊ, palakɩna ɖɔɖɔ fʊlɩyɩrɩ siziŋ lɩm. Palakɩ-ɩ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ ɖɔɖɔ nɛ polukina nazɩyʊ pee tɩm, loyuu taa lɩm lɩzɩɣ, palaka-ɩ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ ɖɔɖɔ maacɩsɩ ɖɩlaɖɛ taa, tɛtɛ ñɩtʊ kɔ.
Sʊfɩrɩ tomnaɣ yem tɛkɛ ñɩɣlɩm pɩyʊ nɛ ɛsɛ cɩŋ. Ɛ-tɛ miŋ nsʊlɩmɩyɛ wɛ kpɛdɩŋ tɩyɛ nɛ ñɔsɩ nzɩ sɩlɩɣ yɔ sɩwɩɣ ɛyaa ɛsɛ nɛ sɩcɛyɩɣ (sʊfɩrɩ tɛ tɩyɔkɩsɩdɩ SO2). Ɛɛyɔlʊʊ lɩm taa. Ɛjaɖɛ taa lɛ, ɛwɛ ɛgbam kɛ hɔɔlɩŋ weyi ɛ-taa papɩzɩɣ nɛ palɩzɩ-ɩ yɔ.


text:
Arzantiini
Arzantiini kɛna Amerika nɛ hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ ajɛya wena ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ asɩ-ɖama nɛ kamɣ yɔ, ana yɔ: wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa lɛ, Siilii, hayi nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ Pooliivi, hayi kiŋ kpataa lɛ Paraaguwe, Pireziili nɛ Uruguwe ajɛya ñɛwɛna hayi nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa nɛ Atilantiki lɩŋgamʊʊ wɛna wɩsɩ ɖʊlkɩyɛ taa nɛ pɩɖɛɛna hadɛ kiŋ.
Dooo lɛ Ɛsɩpaañɩ kpacayaɣna-ɖɩ nɛ pʊkɔma aloma fenaɣ nɛɛlɛ nɛ kagbaanzɩ pɩnaɣ 1810 lɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩmaɣmaɣ ɖɩmʊ ɖɩ-tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊ. Ɛlɛ pʊkɔma pɩtalɩ hasɩ yaɖɛ fenaɣ nakʊ pɩnaɣ 1816 pʊcɔ nɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩwɛɛ ɖ-tɩ yɔɔ sɩŋŋŋ kɛ San Miguel de Tucumán taa.
Arzantiini ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ yɔ Buenos Aires nɛ kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pawɩlɩɣ-kʊ sukulinaa taa nɛ pɔyɔɔdɩɣ komina tʊma taa yɔ, ŋgʊ lɛ ɛsɩpañɔlɩ piyele lidiye nɖi pɔtɔkɩ yɔ lɛarizantiini peezoo.
Arizantiini taa katoliki cɔɔcɩ ɛyaa kɩlɩɣ labʊ nɛ Amerika Latini taa payɩ lɛ, ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa kɛ Erɔpɩ sɔnzɩ kɩlɩ wɛʊ.
Latiino-Amerika taa payɩ lɛ, Arizantiini kɛna ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩkɩlɩ wobu nɛ ɛsɩndaa nɛ nɖɩ ɖɩkɩlɩ wɛʊ ɖɔɖɔ ñɩm yɔ. Ameriki Latini taa lɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩkɛna naatozo ñɩnɖɛ kɛ ɛsɩnda wobu nɛ ɖɩwɛ Pireezili nɛ Mɛkɩsiiki ajɛya wayɩ.
Sɔɔja sɔsɔ weyi payaɣ-ɩ se Seneralɩ Manuel Belgrano yɔ, ɛnʊ lɩzɩna Arizantiini kɩɖaʊ kɛtɛɛta ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1810, alɩwaatʊ ndʊ palʊkaɣ se pɛwɛɛ pa-tɩ yɔɔ yɔ. Ɛlɛ, ɛɛlɩza-kɛ mbʊ lɛ, kɩ-hɛkʊ taa taawɛɛ wɩsɩ. Ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1818 taa kɛ pɔsɔza wɩsɩ mayaɣ.


text:
Panama
Panama kɛna Amerika ilemiye hɛkʊ taa ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ. Ajɛya wena acɔ-ɖɩ nɛ ata yɔ anaa yɔ Kɔstaarika nɛ Kolɔmbi. Pamaza Panama ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ 75 420 km2. Pɩnaɣ 2015 taa pakala kɩgalʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ, pana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 3 657 024 yɔ nɛ pa-taa lɛ, miliyɔɔnaa ɛzɩ 1,426 wɛ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ taa.
Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɛ ajɛya wena azɩ ɖama nɛ kamaɣ yɔ, pɩtalɣ ɛzɩ kilomɛtanaa 555 yɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɛ Kɔstaarika lɛ walanzɩ talɩɣ ɛzɩ 330 yɔ piyele ɖɩnɛ Kolɔmbi lɛ pɩmaɣna kilomɛtanaa ɛzɩ 225. Atɩlantiki Lɩŋamʋʋ kɛwɛna ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɛ ɖɩ-hayʊ kiŋ pɩkazɩ nɛ ɖɩ-hadɛ kiŋ lɛ, Pasifiki Lɩŋamʋʋ wɛna. Kidiiliŋ ɖaɣlakɩŋ taa wɛ ɛzɩ kilomɛtanaa 2 490 yɔ.
Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ ŋgba wena awɛ peeɖe yɔ anaa yɔ: katolika mba ( 70 %), Protɛsɩtaŋ ( 19%), ɛyaa yem yɔ, pʊtɔbʊʊ se paasɛɣ ɛsʊɔ nɔɔyʊ yɔ patalɩ ɛzɩ ɛyaa 7 yɔ kɛ mɩnɩuʊ yɔɔ nɛ aŋgba lɛɛna taa mba ñɛwɛ ɛzɩ ɛyaa 4 kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ.


text:
Ñɔyaɣ
Ñɔyaɣ kɛna ɛyʊ yɔɔ hɔɔlʊʊ ŋgʊ kʊ-yɔɔ nɛ hʊndʊ yɔ. Ɛyʊ yɔɔ hʊndʊ wɛɛ, ñɔsɩ wɛɛ, kpɛtʊ wɛɛ nɛ tandʊʊ wɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ. Hʊndʊ wɛ ɛyʊ tɩŋga yɔɔ piyele nɛ kpɛtʊ ñɛwɛɛ ɛyʊ kadaɣ yɔɔ pʊtɔbʊʊ se ɛyʊ abalɩtʊ yɔɔ yaa ɛ-halɩtʊ yɔɔ; pɩsaɣ tandʊʊ ñɔnɔʊ ɛyʊ tamaɣ tɛɛ nɛ ndoma yɔɔ. Ñɔsɩ ɖeke ñɔʊna ñʊʊtaa.
Ñɔsɩ, kpɛtʊ, hʊndʊ tandʊʊ nɛ cɩkpaŋ pɛwɛ pɩlɩʊ kʊɖʊmʊʊ taa nɛ lɩm ɛɛsʊʊ-wɛ. Paɖʊ-wɛɛ pɩlɩʊ kʊɖʊmʊ taa mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ ɛyʊ tɔnʊʊ tɛɛ; kɛ palɩɣna. Pakalɩ ɛyʊ ñʊʊtaa ñɔsɩ kpeekpe kɔyɔ, sɩwɛ kpaɣna kutokiŋ 100 000 nɛ 150 000 pɛhɛkʊ taa. Ɛyaa mba pɛwɛna ñɔsɩ kʊlʊmasɩ kɛ ɖooo palɩm taa yɔ, pɔñɔsɩ ɖɔɔ pɩkɩlɩ mba pɔñɔsɩ piyaa yaa sɩsɛwa yɔ.
Ɛyʊ wɛʊ yɔ, ɛñʊtaa ñɔsɩ tɔʊ paaɖoye nɛ nzɩ sɩtɔʊ mbʊ yɔ, sɩtalɩɣ ñɔsɩ 40 yaa 50 kɛ evemiye taa. Ñɩnɩya nabɛyɩ ñɩnaa nɛ pana se ñɔsɩ wɛʊ yɔ, pɩlɩɣna ɖenɖe palʊla ɛyʊ yɔ yaa e-tomnaɣ sɛmɩŋ yɔɔ. Ɛzɩ azi mba yɔ, pɔ-ñɔsɩ wɛ kpɛmlɛɛɛ piyele Erɔpʊ taa ñɩma yɔ, ɖɔfɩɩɩ yaa yuulee.
Afrika mba yɔ pa-ñɩnzɩ ñɛwɛ kpacayʊʊʊ. Ɛzɩ ɛyaa wɛʊ nɛ pasʊʊ ɖama taa yɔ, pʊyɔɔ lɛ, lɛɛlɛɛ taa ñɔsɩ wɛ ndɩ ndɩ. Pʊwa afolom ñʊʊtaa ñɔsɩ ɖɔɔ pɩkɩlɩ ɛyʊ sʊtʊyʊ weyi ɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 30 nɛ 50 yɔ. Ñɔsɩ, hʊndʊ, kpɛtʊ yaa tandʊʊ naawʊ yɔ, pɩhaɣ kɩhaʊ. Nɛ pɩtɛkɛ paa ɛzɩmtaa kɛ ñɔsɩ ñɔɔʊ ɛyʊ ñʊʊtaa. Pɩlɩɣna ɛyʊ lɩm taa, ɛ-pɩnzɩ ɖɔʊ taa yaa alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɛwɛɛ yɔ tɩ-taa.
Ñɔsɩ paazʊʊ nɔʊ kɛ fenasi kagbanzɩ taa, pʊtɔbʊʊ se alɩwaatʊ ndʊ ɛyʊ wɛʊlotu taa lɛ nɛ pɩkɔɔ pɩsɩɩna ɛ-sɩm wiye. Halʊ ñʊʊtaa ñɔsɩ nɔʊ lɛɛlɛɛ pɩkɩlɩ abalʊ. Ɛyʊ ñʊʊtaa lɛ, ñɔsɩ tɔʊ paa ɛsɩmtaa. Ɛlɛ ɛyaa nabayɩ wɛɛ lɛ pɩkɛna kʊtɔŋ. Nabayɩ wɛ nɛ pɔkɔŋ nɛ papaɣlɩ lɛ, papɩsɩ ñʊ hasasɩ tɩnaa. Pʊtɔbʊʊ se pe-kila taa paazʊ hasʊ nɛ pɩɩkɛdɩ lɛ pɩtala e-nimaɣ wayɩ yaa ɛ-ñʊʊ tɩŋga.
Nabɛyɛ sɔnzɩ taa lɛ, pɩwɛɛ se palakɩ nɔɔyʊ sɔzɩ nasɩyɛ kɔyɔ, pɩwɛɛ se pahʊmɩ-ɩ koloŋgolo nɛ pɩwɩlɩ se ɛtatasɩ kɛʊ pʊɣa. Nɛ nabɛyɛ nzɩ taa lɛ, yee ɛyʊ ɛñɩnɩɣ se paha-ɩ ñamtʊ siŋŋŋ kɔyɔ, pɩwɛɛ se ɛñʊʊtaa nosɩ ɛɖɔɔ sakɩyɛ. Pɩwɛ ɛzɩ sɔɔjanaa mba payaɣ-wɛ se ahuwaa yɔ. Pɩtɛkɛ ñɔsɩ yeke ɛlɛ pɩwɛɛ se pasɩɩ tandɩŋ ɖɔɖɔ. Tandɩŋ tɔm taa lɛ, pɩwɛ ɛzɩ malɩŋ taa kɛ ɛyaa kɩlɩɣ-ɩ sɩʊ yɔ. Mba pɔ-ñɔsɩ ɖɔɔ nɛ paacɔŋna sɩ-yɔɔ camɩyɛ yɔ, sɩ-taa wɛʊ abayaa yaa kaʊ yaa kʊtɔmɩŋ sakɩyɛ.
Nabɛyɛ tɛ lɛ, yee pɩhɛɛ se ɛyʊ ɛcaɣna ɛsɩtɛɛlɩm mbʊ pʊyɔɔ ɛ-ɛyʊ sɩba kɔyɔ, pɩpɔzʊ-ɩ se eyele ɛ-ñɔsɩ siŋgamm nɛ ɛɛsaɣtʊ-sɩ ɖɔɖɔ. Nɛ lalaa tɛ ñɩnzɩ taa lɛ, pɩwɛɛ se halibiɣa eyele kɔ-ñɔsɩ nɛ sɩtalɩɣ e-pondone yɔɔ ɖɔlɩ lɛ, pɩwɩlʊ se ɛtalɩ walʊ kɛlɛ. Pʊtɔbʊʊ ɖɔɖɔ se ñɔsɩ kɛna halɩbɩya kɛ mbʊ pɩpɩzɩɣ nɛ pɩhɔ habalɩbɩya yɔ nɛ sɩkɛna-wɛ acana pʊyʊ. Pʊyɔɔ kɛ halibiya yakɩ ñɔsɩ ndɩ ndɩ nɛ sɩhɔkʊʊ.


text:
Polivi
Polivii kɛna Amerika nɛ hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ ajɛya wena acɔ-ɖɩ nɛ ata yɔ ana yɔ: Pirezili, Paraguwe, Arizantini, Siilii nɛ Peruu. Pʊtɔbʊʊ se ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖifɛyɩ teŋgu nakʊyʊ cɔlɔ yaa lɩŋgamʊʊ na kʊyʊ cɔlɔ. Pʊcɔ nɛ Erɔpɩ mba pazɩɣ-ɖɩ kpacayʊ lɛ, Polivii kaakɛna Inkaawaa tɛ ɛjaɖɛ wɩyaʊ sɔsɔ kewiyaɣ nɛ pɩɩkɛna tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩɩkɩlɩ walɩɣ kɛ Amrika nɛ pʊcɔ nɛ Kolombʊtʊ kɔɔ yɔ. ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩmʊ ɖɩ-tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊ kɛ pɩna 1809 lɛ, you laba ɛzɩ pɩnzɩ 16 yɔ fayɩɩ pʊcɔ nɛ payaɣ tɛtʊ tʊnɛ Simon Bolivar.
Polivii kɛna ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa keyiyaɣ kpelaɣ wɛ tɛtʊ ñnʊʊtʊ nesi tɛɛ yɔ nɛ pɛtɛyɩ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ kɛ hɔɔlɩŋ nakʊ. Peeɖe kʊñɔntɩnaa ɖɔɔ nɛ patalɩɣ ɛzɩ ɛyaa 43 kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ. Tʊma wena palakɩ yɔ a-taa kɔyɔ haɖaʊ, tɩŋ sɔʊʊ nɛ piyiiŋ lɔʊ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa tɛtɛɛ ñɩm nabʊyʊ wɛɛ: étain, argent, yaa litiyɔm. Polivii ɛjaɖɛ taa Amerika ilemiye taa ɛndɩ mba waa wɛɛ, pisidam waa ɖɔɖɔ, Erɔpɩ mba, Aazii mba nɛ Afrika maba ɖɔɖɔ wɛɛ.
Kʊnɔŋ ŋgʊ pawɩlɩɣ-kʊ sukulinaa taa nɛ pɔyɔɔdɩɣ-kʊ komina tʊma taa peeɖe yɔ ŋgʊ lɛ ɛsɩpañɔlɩ. Kʊnʊmɩŋ ɛzɩ aymara nɛ kesua yɔ, pɔyɔɔdɩɣ-ɩ ɖɔɖɔ. Polivii ɛjaɖɛ taa kʊnʊmɩŋ weyi pɔyɔɔdɩɣ komɩna tʊma taa yaa pawɩlɩɣ sukulinaa taa yɔ ɛkpɛndɩ 37, an yɔ: ayimara, arawɔna, bɔrɩ, besiro, kanisana, kavineña, kayubaba, saokobo, simaŋ, ese ɛja, ɛsɩpañɩ, kuarani, kuarasuwe, kuarayu, itonama, kalawaya, leko, masineri, maropa, mojeño-trinitario, mojeño-iñasiano, more, moseteŋ, movima, pakahuara, pukina, kesua, siriono, takana, tapiyete, toromona, uru-sipaya, wisi, yaminahua, yuki, yurakare nɛ zamuco.


text:
Sɩtrɔntɩyɔm
Sɩtrɔntɩyɔm kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 38 nɛ yʊsaɣ ñɩŋa yɔSr yɔ. Strɔntɩyɔm ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ kalɩsɩyɔm yɔ, ɛkɛ ɖʊʊyʊ tɛtʊ pɩyʊ. Ɛwɛ ɖɔfɩɩ, papɩzɩɣ pamabɩ-ɩ yaa pɔyɔkɩ-ɩ, ɛsɛɛ caʊʊ. Ɛwɛ helim taa ɛmʊ miŋ nɛ lɩm etukina-ɩ kɔyɔ ɛwasɩɣ.
Sir Humphry Davy lɩzɩna strɔntɩyɔm eyeke (Aŋglɩtɛɛrɩ tʊ) pɩnaɣ 1808 alɩwaatʊ ndʊ pana ɛ-tɛ ɔkɩsɩzɛnɩ wonuu kɛ ñɩɣlɩm tɛtʊ kañaɖaɣ nakɛyɛ taa pʊñɔtɩna Strontian, strɔntianite SrCO3 pɩnaɣ 1790 pɩtɩŋna Thomas Charles Hope yɔɔ. Ɛyʊ ɛnɛyɔ ɛlɛ ñatɩŋna William Cruickshank nɛ Adair Crawford pa-tʊma yɔɔ kɛnɛ, pɛkɛ ɛyaa mba pɛlɛɣ tɩlɩɣ pʊtʊ nɔyʊ patatɩɩ tɩlɩta-ɩ strontianite taa.
Loyuu tɔkɩ strɔntɩyɔm ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ kalɩsɩyɔm yɔ ɛlɛ kalɩsɩyɔm tɛ kɩlɩ ɖeu. Strɔntɩyɔm hɔɔlɩŋ weyi ɛtaɖɩ ɛyʊ tomnaɣ taa pɩsɩɣ pɩtalɩ 99% ɛyʊ mɔɔ taa, kelaa taa. Naalɩm kelaa taa wiluu sɩna se ɛzɩma strɔntɩyɔm kʊɖɔŋ ɖɛʊ nɛ pɩtasɩna ɖɔɖɔ pʊtʊnaa lɛlaa pɩwɛɛ kɛlɛʊ yee ɛyʊ ɛlaba tʊmɩyɛ nɛ mɔɔ yɔ. Pɩtɩŋna pɔyɔɔ lɛ, pehiɣ pana se Etaazuunii ɛjaɖɛ strɔntɩyɔm tɛ naalɩm kelaa ɖɔʊ pɩnzɩ 1990.
Pɩkɛ sɛmɩŋ pɩyʊ, ajana miŋ kɩsɛmɩŋ weyi pɔtɔ-ɩ ɛsɔtaa tɛ azɔɔtɩ siziŋ ɖɔm se pɩpɩsɩ mʊntʊsʊʊ kɩsɛmʊʊ. Strɔntɩyɔm poyoluuna fɛrɩnɩɩ nɛ pataɣ cʊŋ wondu. Kpanjasɩ nasɩyɛ kɛ strɔntɩyɔm tɛ wondu, ɛnʊ palaakɩna alɩwaatʊ wɩlɩɣ ñɩɣyɩŋ nɩɩyɛ tɛ ɛjɔŋ.
Ɛwɛɣ tɔɔnasɩ nasɩyɛ taa (pee taa, ɖoozi hatʊ nɛ mbʊ pɩkɛ naalɩm wondu yɔ. Kpɩna tɛ lɛ sakɩyɛ ɛɛtɛŋ kpidi kpidi mʊʊna lɩm taa, hɩm yaa lɩm naa mba palɩɣ yɔ sɔɔlʊʊ caɣyʊ mɔɔ taa. Naŋ, namɩŋ, kpagbasɩ yaa yambɔyɩŋ pɩzɩɣ pɛwɛna ɖɔɖɔ. Ɖooo lɛ paañɩba strɔntɩyɔm nɛ pepi karasɩm nɛ amala taa.


text:
Angkor
Kewiisi ndɩ ndɩ nasɩyɛ kpɛndɩna nɛ payaɣ sɩ-kpɛndʋʋ mbʋ se Aŋkor kewiyaɣ. Aŋkor kewiyaɣ tɛtʋ sʋsɔtʋ payaɣ se Khmer.
Aŋkor tɛtʋ wɛ Siem Reap tɛtʋ hɔɔlʋʋ taa nɛ hayi kiŋ. Kedeŋa kpeekpe ɛzakuliye nɛ ñɩnʋʋ tʋmɩyɛ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se UNESCO yɔ, ɖɩ-tʋma ñʋʋ wɛ Aŋkor tɛtʋ taa. Kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 1992 nɛ pɩkɔɔ pɩsɩɩna sɔnɔ yɔ, Aŋkor tɛtʋ taa peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ Ajɛya kpeejkpe kpɛndʋʋ ŋgbɛyɛ tɔsʋʋ tʋma ñʋʋ wɛɛ.
Aŋkor tɛtʋ pɩsɩ kedeŋa kpeekpe ɛsɩyɛ egbena ɖiwoɖe. Paa pɩnaɣ ŋga ɛyaa tuutuma wokina ɛsɩyɛ egbena Aŋkor tɛtʋ taa. Powokuuna ɛsɛyɛ egbena yɔ, pɩkɛ ñɩm sɔsɔm siŋŋ Aŋkor tɛtʋ.
Kpaɖʋʋ nakʋ (9) ñɩŋʋ taa pesiɣ Aŋkor tɛtʋ maʋ kpooluu.


text:
Siini Koloŋa Sɔsɔɔ
Payaɣʋ se Siini koloŋa sɔsɔa yɔ pɩlɩna ka-ɖaɣlakɩŋ yɔɔ kɛ paya-kɛ hɩɖɛ nɖɩ. Pɩkɛna peeɖe sɔɔjanaa pɩlɩʊ sɔsɔʊ ŋgʊ kɩɩwɛɛ nɛ tam tɩnɛ pɔyɔkʋʋ nɛ pamaɣ yɔ. Pɩlɩʊ sɔsɔʊ ŋgʊ, kɩɩwɛɛ ɖooo caanaʊ pʊcɔ nɛ palʊlʊʊ Yeesu, pɩtalɩw ɛzɩ pɩnzɩ III yaa XVII kɛ mbʊ yɔ. Paama koloŋa ŋga se paɖaŋ pa-tɩ yɔɔ nɛ Siini mba mba pɛwɛna hayi kiŋ yɔ, pataapɩzɩ nɛ pasʊʊ pɔ-yɔɔ. Pɩkɛna pɩlɩʊ ŋgʊ wiɖiyi nɔɔyʊ tapɩzɩ nɛ ɛmana e-nesi yɔ; kpaɣ kɩ-ɖaɣlakɩŋ yaa kɩ-walanzɩ nɛ kɩ-paɣlaka taa.
Payaɣʊ se koloŋa sɔsɔa yɔ, pɩkɛna hɔɔlʊʊ ŋgʊ pama ɖooo mbʋ payaɣ se Miŋ Kewiyaɣ Kɩɖɛzaɣ tɛ alɩwaatʊ taa nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ, pɩkpaɣna "Shanhaiguan" hɔɔlʊʊ taa kɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ payaɣ se Qinhuangdao kɛ Hebei egeetiye taa. Wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa lɛ, pɩkpaɣna Jiayuguan kɛ Gansu hɔɔlʊʊ taa. Koloŋa ŋga, nabayɛ yɔɔdʋʋ se, ka-ɖaɣlakɩŋ kpeekpe talɩɣ kilomɛtanaa ɛzɩ 700 yɔ.
Ka-ɖaɣlakɩŋ yɔɔ lɛ, Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa n̄ɩma yaɣ-kɛ se Kotokiŋ hiu tɛ koloŋa; mbʊ pʋyɔɔ yɔ, kotokiŋ hiu tɔbʊʊ se mbʊ pɩfɛyɩ kamaɣ yɔ.
Siini n̄ɩma tɛ mazɩtʊ taa lɛ, papɩzɩɣ pɔtɔ ɖɔɖɔ se pɩtalɩɣ mbʋ payaɣ pɛ-tɛ se "Li naa" sakɩyɛ; nɛ pakpaɣ ɛzɩ kilomɛtanaa ɛzɩ 6700 yɔ pɩlakɩ pɛtɛ ɛzɩ "Li naa" 11 632 mbʋ yɔ. Pɩtasɩ lɛ, mɛtanaa 576 lakɩ ɛzɩ "Li naa" 13 400 mbʋ yɔ yaa mɛtanaa 500 ɖeyi ɖeyi. Koloŋa ŋga ka-kʊkʊyɩmɩŋ taa wɛ ɛzɩ mɛtanaa 6 yaa 7 yɔ nɛ ka-walanzɩ taa lɛ pʋwɛ ɛzɩ mɛtanaa 4 yaa 5 mbʊ yɔ. Ɖomaɣ fenaɣ taa sɔsɔ weyi ɛcɔŋna ɛsɩyɛ ekpena nɛ tɔsʊʊ yɔɔ yɔ, ɛɖaɣna koloŋa ŋga maɣzɩ nɛ ɛyɔɔdɩ camɩyɛ se koloŋa ŋga ka-ɖaɣlakɩŋ kɛ kilomɛtanaa 8 851,8. Koloŋa kʊɖʊmaɣ ŋga, paɖaɣna-kɛ maɣzʋʋ mɩsɩ kʊm fenaɣ taa nɛ pana se ka-ɖaɣlakɩŋ taa talʊ kilomɛtanaa 21 196,18. Wayɩ wayɩ maɣzʊ pʊnɛ, pɩtamna wɔɔlɩŋ weyi weyi ɛyɔkaa yɔ payɩ.


text:
Mogaadisiyo
Mogaadisiyo kɛŋna Soomalii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ nɛ ndʊ ɖɔɖɔ kɩlɩna walanzɩ tɛtʊ lɛetʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩñɔtɩna Ɛndɩ teŋgu kpam. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-walanzɩ landammm taa wɛ ɛzɩ ɛkɩtaarɩnaa 63 700 yaa kilomɛtanaa 637.
Pɩnaɣ 2001 taa pakalɩ ɛyaa lɛ, pɛkpɛnda 1 212 000. Pɩnaɣ 2009 taa patasɩ kɩgalʊʊ kalʊʊ lɛ ɛyaa mba panaa yɔ paakpɛnda 1 353 000 nɛ pɩkɔma pɩnaɣ 2015 lɛ, patasɩ ɛyaa kalʊʊ lɛ, palɩ miliyɔɔnaa 2 120 000.
Ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1991 kɛ you nakʊyʊ lɩ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa nɛ kɩfɛyɩ tɛm, kɩtalɩ ɛzɩ pɩnzɩ nɛɛlɛ mbʊ yɔ.


text:
Maadiriidi
Maadiriidi kɛna Ɛsɩpaañɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ suzɔtʊ nɛ ndʊ kɩlɩna walanɩ ɖɔɖɔ. Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa kɛ ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ nɛ pɩnaɣ 2014 taa pakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ ŋgʊ yɔ ɛyaa mba panaa yɔ pɛkpɛndaa miliyɔɔnaa looɖo nɛ hɔɔlʊʊ (6 500 000). Eerɔpʊ tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ taa payɩ lɛ, ɛyaa ɖɔʊ taa lɛ, Lɔndrɩ nɛ Pɛrɩlɛɛ pa-wayɩ lɛ Maadiriidi tɩŋgʊna.
Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-walanzɩ landammm taa maɣna ɛkɩtaarɩnaa 60 800 yaa kilomɛtanaa 608. Maadiriidi tɛtʊ taa kɛ komina tuma sɔsɔna wɛɛ, peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ kewiyaɣ kpelaɣ wɛɛ nɛ peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ paɣtʊ lɩzɩyaa ñɩŋga wɛɛ. Tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-taa kɛ keteŋga kpeekpe ɛsɩyɛ ekpena tʊmɩyɛ kpelaɣ sɔsɔɣa wɛɛ nɛ tʊma ndɩ ndɩ naayɛ ɖɔɖɔ ñɩnzɩ nɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa tʊma sɔsɔna nayɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ Telefónica, Repsol nɛ Iberia.
Ɛzɩ ajɛya lɛɛna taa tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ lɛɛtʊ yɔ, Maadiriidi tɛtʊ nɛ ajɛyaa naayɛ taa ñɩndʊ paɖʊ nɔɔ nɛ palakɩ tʊma kʊɖʊma. Maadiriidi nɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ ndʊ palakɩ tʊma yɔ tɩkpɛnda hiuwaa naatozo (30). Payaɣ Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-yɔɔ cɔnɩyʊ kɩfalʊ se Manuela Carmena (AM) nɛ ɛpaazɩɣ tɩ-yɔɔ cɔnɑʊ yɔ pɩnaɣ 2015 nɛ ɛ-tʊmɩyɛ tɛŋ pɩnaɣ 2019 taa.


text:
Ludwig van Beethoven
Palʊla Ludwig van Beethoven kɛ Bɔnɩ tɛtʊ taa, Caama ɛjaɖɛ taa kɛ saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ 15 yaa 16 wiye pɩnaɣ 1770 nɛ ɛsɩ Viyɛnɩ tɛtʊ taa, Otrisi ɛjaɖɛ taa ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 56. Ludwig van Beethoven kɛna weŋgalɩyʊ nɛ cɩmʊ maɖʊ. Viyɛnɩ tɛtʊ taa lɛ ɛnʊ lɛ kpaagbaa tʊ weyi ɛwɛ lɩmaɣza cɔlʊʊ pɩlɩʊ taa yɔ. Pʊcɔ nɛ pɩɖɩkʊna-ɩ lɛ, Gluck, Haydn nɛ Mozart kɛ pɩɩɖɩʊna. Ɛ-tʊmɩyɛ labʊ taa kɛ evemye naɖɩyɛ ɛ-taabalʊ Haydn heya-i se ɛkɛna ɛyʊ weyi papɩzʊpɔtɔmɩ-ɩ se ɛwɛna ñɔŋ sakɩyɛ, laka sakɩyɛ nɛ ciyamna sakɩyɛ yɔ. E-wendu wɛ ndɩ ndɩ nɛ natʊyʊ wɛ tɛmm.
Patalʊlɩ Ludwig van Beethoven kɛ hɔʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa nɛ ñɩm nɛ leleŋ yɔ. Ɛ-cɔzɔ kɛ payaɣ se Ludwig van Beethoven nɛ ɛnʊ lɩna-ɩ. Palɩna Flamandi tɛtʊ taa nɛ ɛlɛ ñɛkɛ wendu teyu sɔsɔ nɔɔyʊ. Ɛ-caa, Johann van Beethoven (1740-1792), kɛna wenkalɩyʊ nɔɔyʊ. Ɛ-caa ɛnʊ ɛkɛna kʊñɔndʊ nɔɔyʊɛlɛ ɛñɔyʊ sʊlʊm kamaɣ fɛyɩ. Ɛwɛna pana ɖɔɖɔ ɛlɛ ɛcɛyɩ ɛ-tɩ nɛ ɛpazɩ ɛcɔna e-piya yɔɔ camɩyɛ nɛ e-tenezi nakayɩ yɔɔ.


text:
Niyuu Yɔrɩkɩ
Niyuu Yɔrɩkɩ kɛna Etaazuunii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ yɔ nɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa lɛ, tɛtʊ ndʊ, tɩ-hɩɖɛ kɩlɩɣna yaʊ Amerika ajɛya kpeekpe taa. Niyuu Yɔrɩkɩ tɛtʊ wɛ Etaazuunii nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ nɛ hayʊ kiŋ nɛ pɩwɛ Atilantiki Lɩŋamʋʋ cɔlɔ kpam. Ageeta kagbaanzɩ kpɛndɩna nɛ apɩsɩ tɛtʊ tʊnɛ.
Keteŋa kpeekpe taalɛ, Niyuu Yɔrɩkɩ tɛtʊ wɛna ɖoŋ sɩŋŋŋ kɛ tadɩyɛ tɔm taa, tɔsʊʊ nɛ liidiye yɔɔ, tɔm sʊsʊʊ taa, lubu, wendu ñɛyʊʊ taa, ñɩnʊʊ taa, sukuli tɔm taa nɛ aleɣya. Niyuu Yɔrikɩ tɛtʊ taa mbʊ mbʊ pɩwɛ tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ taa yɔ, pɩwɛ peeɖe. Pʊ-yɔɔ kɛ pɔtɔŋ se Niyuu Yɔrɩkɩ kɛna keteŋa kpeekpe tajɛya tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ.
Ɖooo lɛ, Niyuu Yɔrɩkɩ kaakɛŋna Etaazunii taa tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ (1785 nɛ 1790). Etaazunii taa lɛ, Niyuu Yɔrɩkɩ tɛtʊ kɛŋna tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1790. Pɩnaɣ 2015 taa pakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ peeɖe lɛ, ɛyaa kpɛnda miliyɔɔnaa 8 550 405. Amerika keteŋa kpeekpe taa lɛ, tɛtʊ natʊlɛ ɖeke kɩlɩna Niyuu Yɔrɩkɩ kɛ walanzɩ. Kacalaɣ tɛtʊ yɔ Mɛkɩsiko, piwayɩ lɛ Sao Poolo nɛ naatazo tɛtʊ yɔ Niyuu Yɔrɩkɩ.
Ɛsɩyɛ ekpena tɔm taa lɛ, paa pɩnaɣ ŋga ɛyaa mba powoki Niyuu Yɔrɩkɩ tɛtʊ taa yɔ, pɛɖɛɣ ɛzɩ ɛyaa miliyɔpɔnaa nɩɩnɩwa yɔ (50 000 000). Payaɣ Niyuu Yɔrɩkɩ maalika yɔɔ cɔnayʊ kɩfalʊ se Bill de Blasio (D) (2014-2020).


text:
Alexandre Scriabine
Palʊla Alexandre Nikolaïevitch Scriabine kɔlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ looɖo ŋgʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 1872 Mɔɔskʊʊ tɛtʊ taa, Rusi ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ ɛsɩ ɖomaɣ fenaɣ naanza ŋgʊ wiye pɩaɣ 1915 ɖoli kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ ɖɩ ɖi-taa ɛɛwɛa pɩnzɩ 43. Papa Grégoire fenasɩ takayaɣ taa lɛ, palʊla Alexandre Nikolaïevitch Scriabine yaa Skriabine kɛ mɩzɛma fenaɣ 25 wiye pɩnaɣ 1871 nɛ ɛsɩ ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 27 wiye.
Ɛ-tʊma sɔsɔna kɔyɔ hendu lʊbʊ nɛ ti-teu, piyano maɖʊ nɛ ɛya mba peteu kamaɣ fɛyɩ yɔ pa-taa kɔyɔ Serge Diaghilev. Alexandre Nikolaïevitch Scriabine tɛ wɩlɩyaa kɔyɔ Nikolaï Zverev, Vassili Safonov, Anton Arenski nɛ Ariadna Scriabina. Ɛ-ñɩma kɔyɔ Marina Scriabine nɛ Julian Scriabine.


text:
Orville nɛ Wilbur Wright
Ɛyaa nabɛyɩ wɛna naalɛ nɛ pañɩɩna ɖama nɛ pala tʊmɩyɛ sɔsɔyɛ naɖɩyɛ. Payaɣ kacalaɣtʊ se Orville Wright nɛ palʊla-ɩ kɩyɛɛna fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 19 pɩnaɣ 1871 nɛ ɛsɩ kɔlaɣ fenaɣ 30 wiye pɩnaɣ 1948, ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 76. Naalɛ tʊ yɔ Wilbur Wright. Palʊla ɛlɛ kɛ ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 16 pɩnaɣ 1867 nɛ ɛsɩ agoza fenaɣ 30 wiye pɩnaɣ 1912 ɛɛwɛna pɩnsɩ 45. Panaalɛ mba kɛna Amerika taa ɛsɔdaa lɔɔɖa lubu nɔsɩ yɔɔ mba. Pɛkɛ ñɩnɩyaa, tamasɩ lɩzɩya, lɩmaza lɩzɩya, tigila sɩya nɛ ɛsɔdaa lɔɔɖa saya. Ɛsɔdaa lɔɔɖa wena poluba yɔ avɛyɩ ɛzɩ wena awɛ nɛ panaɣ yɔ.
Lɔɔda ana ayɔɔ tosuli kʊɖʊ kʊɖʊ ɛlɛ a-yɔɔ wɛ haaa. Pɩnaɣ 1900 kɛ papaɣza ɛsɔdaa cɔʊ kpɛɛɛ kpɛɛɛ pɩkɔɔ pɩsɩɩna pɩnaɣ 1903, nɛ lɔɔɖa wena poluba yɔ, paɖʊ a-taa kɛ ciidu ñɩyʊ. Mba payaɣ-wɛ se Wright waa kɛ mbʊ yɔ, pɛkɛ Dayitɔ tɛtʊ taa ɛyaa, Ohiyo egeetiye taa, Etazunii ɛjaɖɛ taa. Peeɖe patɔla cɛɛcɛɛnaa kiziŋjaku. Ɖalaa pɩnɛ pɛkɛna lɩmaɣza lɩzɩya nɛ pa-ñʊŋ taa nɛ lɛɛtʊ kamaɣ fɛyɩ mbʊ pʊ-yɔɔ, ɛsɔdaa lɔɔɖa luɖa, Otto Lilienthal yaa Octave Chanute, kɛ patɩɩzɩna nɛ pɩla poluba ɛsɔdaa lɔɔɖɩyɛ nɖɩ pɛkɛdʊ ɖɩ-tɔm yɔ.


text:
Paasɔŋ
Paasɔŋ kɛ minziiki wonuu ŋgʋ kɩwɛ ɖasɩ hɔʋ taa yɔ. Kɩ-lɩ kpaɖʋ 14 taa Itaalii ɛjaɖɛ taa. Nɛ paya-kʋ hɩɖɛ size fagotto. Palaba-kʋ nɛ kɔɔka kɩɖala nakɛyɛ. Pa-hʋyɩ ka-taa pɔʋ, nɛ ɖeɣa ŋga keɖewa nɛ ka-ɖalakɩŋ taa makʋna ɛzɩ mɛtana 2,50 yɔ ka-saɣtʋ taa (pɩpɩzɩɣ pɩkɛ ɛrapɩlɩ tɩʋ yaa palɩssandrɩ tɩʋ).
E-kpiya ɛ-tɩ yɔ, nɛ soo wonuu kʋnɛ kʋ-hʋlʋyʋ weyi payayɩ size paasɔŋnɩsɩ yɔ, ɛɖɔkɩ kʋ enesi kɩpanzɩ tɛɛ. Pɔnɛ loɖo wɛna hayi kiŋ, nɛ kagbanzɩ piliŋa sʋsa nɛ cikpeɣla naadozo ŋga pa-kpɩtɩna ɖama kpam nɛ sulam naanaza ŋgʋ. Nɛ pɩkpɛndɩ pɩtɩŋa pʋwɛ ɛzɩ U yɔ, pɩkpɩtɩna ɖama cɩncɩn.
Nimaɣ nabʋlɛ kiwilaɣ pɔzɩɣ kɔsɔŋ, nɛ paya se bokali naalɛ ŋgʋ. Ɛ-pɔʋ taa maana fɩɣɩ nɛ ɛ-hʋlʋʋ pɔzɩɣ fezɩŋ siŋŋ ɛzɩ kpaɣʋ pɩsɩna 3 nɛ nɔɔ tiluu wɛɛ mudulee. Paassɔŋ ɛnʋ, etilitu wɛ ndɩ ndɩ hʋlʋʋ taa; do wɛ, re wɛ, mi nɛ fa nɛ sol nɛ la paba wɛ ɖɔɖɔ, nɛ si n̄atɩŋɩ. Ɛ-mabɩnaɣʋ minziiki yaa ɛ-hʋlʋtʋ tɛ matʋ wɛ naalɛ nɛ paya-tʋ size n̄ɩmɩyɛ fa 4, nɛ ut 4 yaa sol.


text:
Justinien
Justinien Kajalaɣ tʊ yaa Justinien Sɔsɔ (latɛŋ kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ, Imperator Caesar Flavius Petrus Justinianus Sabbatius Augustus, Krɛkɩ kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ, ΦλάBιoς Πέtpoς EaBBάtιoς Ἰouσtιvιavός), palʊla-ɩ 482 cɔlɔ mbʊ yɔ Tauresium tɛtʊ taa, pʊñɩtɩna Justinana Prima Illyrie cɔlɔ kpam. Ɛsɩ kamɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 15 pɩnaɣ 565 Constantinople.
Ɛɛkɛ Wɩsɩ Ɖɩlɩyɛ ɛjaɖɛ taa Room wiyaʊ sɔsɔ. Ɛcaɣ kewiyaɣ kpelaɣ pɩnaɣ 527 pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩ ɛ-sɩm alɩwaatʊ. Ɛkɛ kɩbɩnjaazɩ kɩɖɩnaʊ taa ɛyaa taa ɛyʊ nɔyʊ. kpaɣ kewiyaɣ hɔɔlʊʊ taa nɛ Ampiiri kamasɩ tuzuu nɛ Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ politiki ɛlaba tʊma wena yɔ pɩfɛyɩ yɔɔdʊʊ.
Ɛwɛ camɩyɛ hɛɛɛ, mbʊ lɛ, ɛpɩzɩ kewiyaɣ kpelaɣ tɔm pɩtɩŋna e-kpele weyi maɣmaɣ kaakɛ nɛ wiyaʊ Justin kajalaɣ tʊ, weyi ɛɛkɛ lɔŋ tasɩya taa lɔŋ tasɩyʊ sɔsɔ pʊcɔ ɛkɔɔ ɛlɛzɩ-ɩ yɔ. Yee e-kewiyaɣ kpelaɣ kpaʊ ɛlaba you kɔyɔ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ pɩɩwɛɛ se ɛhaɣ ɛsɛ nɛ Nika ɛyaa tɛ kʊyɩnaʊ nɛ kewiyaɣ kpelaɣ, nɛ ɛsɩɩ e-kiwiyaɣ ɖoŋ ɖɛfɛɛ ɖɛfɛɛ Ampiiri taa, ŋgʊ ɖooo kɩwɛʊ yɔ kɩɩkɛ Room ñɩŋʊ yɔ, pɩlɩna Ampiiri tɛ ɖanɩɣ pɩsʊʊ tambɔɣ yɔɔ.
Papɩzɩɣ pɛtɛyɩ-ɩ Justinien kewiyitu alɩwaatʊ tɔm nabʊlɛ taa yaa hɔɔlɩŋ naalɛ taa. Kpaɣnɛ pɩnaɣ 527 ŋtalɩ 540, wabɩtʊ na keelee, tɩwɛɛ kɛlɛʊ nɛ tɩcaɣ yuŋ. Ŋgʊ pʊwayɩ lɛ e-kewiyaɣ hɔɔlʊʊ naalɛ ŋgʊ kaawɛ paɖɩyɩtʊ.
Paakpa Ampiiri kɩ-kamasɩ siŋ nɛ yoŋ labʊ kɔzɩ kɔzɩ Itaalii ñɩŋʊ tɔlɩ. Yee Ampiiri ɛtakpa kɩ-tɩ yɔ lɩmaɣza ɖanɩɣ pɩsʊʊ hɔɔlɩŋ ɛnʊ ɛtɩŋa ɛ-taa nɛ ɛ-sɩm wayi Wɩsɩ Ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa Room Ampiiri talɩ kɩ-ɖoŋ ɖeɖe tɛtʊ lɩmaɣza taa.
Justinien kewiyitu sɩmtʊ lɩna kiɖe tɛɛ tɔm takayasɩ sakɩyɛ cɔlɔ. Lɛɛtʊna lɩna Justinien cɔlɔ kɔzɩ kɔzɩ ɛjaɖɛ paɣtʊ takayasɩ nzɩ ɛlaba kpaɣ ɖooo e-kewiyaɣ alɩwaatʊ taa nɛ sɩtʊsʊʊ mʊntʊsʊʊ ɛzɩma ɛlaba e-kewiyaɣ ɛjaɖɛ yɔ. Pʊcɔ lɛ, ɖama kewiyaɣ mʊʊ takayasɩ maya yaa tɔm cɔlɩya kaama e-kewiyaɣ tɔm. Césarée Procope ñɩndʊ ñɛwɛ poliŋ nɛ ntʊyɔna. Ɛ-tʊma takayasɩ ñɩkʊʊ niiye yoŋ weyi Justinien kaalaba e-kewiyaɣ alɩwaatʊ taa. Yoŋ ɛ-taa kɔyɔ Perse you nɛ Vandales you nɛ Goth you.


text:
Jomo Kenyatta
Ɖajaa Kamau Wa Ngengi hɩɖɛ kɩsɛsɛyɛ lɛ Ɖajaa John Peter Kamau. Patasɩ-ɩ ɖɛyɩɣ ɖɔɖɔ se Ɖajaa Johnstone Kamau. Kpaɣnɩ pɩnaɣ 1938 taa papaɣzɩ-ɩ yaʋ se Jomo Kenyatta. Palʋla ƉajaaCharles John Huffam Dickens aloma fenaɣ kɩyakʋ nɛɛlɛ (20) ñɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1894 taa Gatundu tɛtʋ taa Keniya ɛjaɖɛ taa.. Ɛsɩba kɩyɛɛna fenaɣ kɩyakʋ nɛɛlɛ nɛ naalɛ (22) ñɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1978 taa. Mombassa tɛtʋ taa ɛsɩba. ƉajaaCharles John Huffam Dickens kɛ Keniya ɛjaɖɛ kewiyaɣ taa tʋ nɔɔyʋ. Ɛlɩna Kikuyu samaɣ liɖe taa. Ɛkɛ laŋhɛzɩyɛ yɔɔ lʋɖʋ sɔsɔ ɛ-ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛ-lʋbɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-nʋmɔʋ taa pakpa-ɩ nɛ paɖʋ salaka kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 1952 ñɩŋga nɛ puwolo pɩsɩɩnɩ pɩnaɣ 1961 taa. Ɛ-salaka ŋga ka-taa ɛlɩnaa nɛ ɛpɩsɩ Keniya ɛjaɖɛ kewiyaɣ ñʋʋdʋ kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 1963 nɛ puwolo pɩsɩɩnɩ pɩnaɣ 1964 ñɩŋga taa. Pʋbʋ wayɩ lɛ, ɛpɩsɩ Keniya ɛjaɖɛ Ñʋʋdʋ kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 1964 nɛ puwolo pɩsɩɩna pɩnaɣ 1978 taa. Ɖajaa Charles John Huffam Dickens caanaa sɩba lɛ, ɛtapaɣlɩda. E-egbele nɛ ɛ-cɔzɔ pɔɖɔkɩna-ɩ nɛ ɛpaɣlɩ. Ɛlɛ, Ekɔsɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa Katolika Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ ŋgbɛyɛ tɛ tiyiyaa cɔŋna ɛ-yɔɔ e-sukuli tɩŋɛ labʋ nʋmɔʋ taa. Katolika Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ ŋgbɛyɛ tɛ Tiyiyaa panɛ peyebina nɛ ƉajaaCharles John Huffam Dickens pɩsɩ ŋgbɛyɛ Katolika tʋ pɩnaɣ 1914 ñɩŋga taa. Pɔsɔ-ɩ Ɛsɔ tɛ lɩm nɛ paha-ɩ hɩɖɛ se John Peter Kamau nɛ pʋwayɩ lɛ, payaa-ɩ se Johnstone Kamau. Pɔsɔ-ɩ Ɛsɔ tɛ lɩm wayɩ lɛ, ewolo ɛcaɣ Nairobi tɛtʋ taa nɛ ɛlakɩ lɔnsɩnɖaa sɔsaa tʋmɩyɛ Narok egeetiye taa. Alɩwaatʋ ndʋ tɩ-taa kedeŋa kpeekpe kajalaɣ you ɛsɩyɛ sɛwa. Ɛkpaɣ halʋ pɩnaɣ 1920 ñɩŋga taa. Payaɣ ɛ-halʋ se Grace Wahu. Ɛkpaɣ halʋ wayɩ lɛ, ɛlakɩ lɩm yɔɔ cɔnaʋ tʋmɩyɛ Nairobi tɛtʋ taa. Ɛlʋla ɛ-kajalaɣ pɩɣa kamɩŋ fenaɣ taa, pɩnaɣ 1920 taa. Ɛha-kɛ hɩɖɛ se Peter Muigai.


text:
Georg Friedrich Haendel
Palʊla Georg Friedrich Haendel kɛ lɛlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 23 pɩnaɣ 1685 Hɔɔlɩ, Magdeburgi tɛtʊ taa nɛ ɛsɩ Lɔndrɩ tɛtʊ taa, Aŋglɩtɛɛrɩ taa kɛ agoza fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 14 ŋgʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 1759, ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 74. Jean Sébastien Bach cɩmɩŋ ɛkɩlɩɣ mabʋ. Sakɩsɩ tɛtʋ taa Georg Friedrich Händel caɣa nɛ ɛkɔɔ ɛpaɣlɩ. Ɛcaɣ ɖɔɖɔ Hamburgi tɛtʋ taa alɩwaatʋ natʋyʋ cabɩ.
Georg Friedrich Händel kʋyɩ Saxe tɛtʋ taa lɛ, ewolo ɛcaɣ Italii ɛjaɖɛ taa. Peeɖe ɛlaba nʋmɔʋ ɖɔm tʋmɩyɛ sakɩyɛ. Ɛcaɣ Italii ɛjaɖɛ taa pɩnzɩ naadozo. Pʋwayɩ lɛ, ewolo Hanovri tɛtʋ taa. Hanovri tɛtʋ taa ɛkʋyɩnaa nɛ ɛɖɛɛ ɛcaɣ kpaagbaa Aŋglɩtɛɛrɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Georg Friedrich Haendel cɛyɩ ɛ-tɩ kpem nɛ ɛ-tʋma labʋ taa payɩ lɛ, eyozi ajɛɛ sʋsɔnaa naayɩ tɛ sɔnzɩ cɩmɩŋ wɩlɩtʋ sʋsɔtʋ. Ajɛɛ ana yɔ : Itaalii ɛjaɖɛ, Caama ñɩnɖɛ, Aŋgletɛɛrɩ ɛjaɖɛ nɛ pɩtasɩna Fransɩ ñɩnɖɛ.
Georg Friedrich Händel Haendel makɩ cɩmʊ ŋgʋ payaɣ se Orɩgɩ yɔ. Ɛmakɩ ɖɔɖɔ cɩmʊ ŋgʋ payaɣ se klavɛsɛɛ yɔ. Ɛkpaɣ pɩnzɩ 35 mbʋ yɔ nɛ ɛkpɛlɛkɩ mbʋ payaɣ se opera yɔ pɩ-labʋ Itaalii ɛjaɖɛ taa. Pʋwayɩ lɛ, ɛlɩzɩ mbʋ payaɣ se oratoriyo waa yɔ. Ɛmʋ oratoriyo waa lɩzʋʋ samtʊ nimiye sɔsɔyɛ Aŋgletɛɛrɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Peeɖe ɛpɩsɩ cɩmɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ mabʋ wɩlɩyaa taa wɩlɩyʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ Aŋgletɛɛrɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa.


text:
Lisbooni
Lisbooni kɛna Pɔrtiigaali ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ natʊyʊ. Pamaza Lisbooni ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ ɛzɩ 83,7 km2. Ɖooo pɩnaɣ 2011 taa pakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ pana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 545 733 yɔ; pʊtɔbʊʊ se papɩzɩɣ pana ɛyaa ɛzɩ yɔ 27,42 yɔ kɛ km2 taa. Hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ 19 pɩnaɣ 1949 kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩmʊ ɖɩ-tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊ ɛlɛ agoza fenaɣ 1990 kɛ ɖɩwɛ ɖɩ-tɩ yɔɔ siŋŋŋ. Payaɣ Lisbooni ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊdʊ kɩfalʊ se Bounnhang Vorachith nɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina ñʊʊdʊ kɩfalʊ payaɣ se Thongloun Sisoulith.
Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, ŋgʊ lɛ Lisbooni yɛɛ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Fiyantiyan. Yee ɛyʊ ɛsɔɔlaa se ɛyaa nɔɔyʊ kɛ kaŋgalafu yɔɔ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa kɔyɔ, pɩkɛna-ɩ kɩjɛyʊʊ se ɛma + ɛ-tɛ kaŋgalafu kpata yɔɔ pʊcɔ ŋɛ ɛɛma pɩtɛ ɛyʊʊ kaŋgalafu nimaɣ mayaɣ.


text:
James Cook
Palʊla James Cook kɛ kamɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊlʊbɛ wiye pɩnaɣ 1728 kɛ Marton tɛtʊ taa nɛ ɛsɩ lɛɛlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 14 pɩnaɣ 1779 Hawayi tɛtʊ taa ɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 51. Palʊla-ɩ hɔʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa yɔ, ñɩm takɩlɩ ɖɔʊ. Ɛnʊ kɛŋna pɩɣa naalɛ ñɩŋga piya litozo taa. Ɛkɛna Ekosi tʊ. James Cook kɛna lɩm yɔɔ nʊmɔɖɔnʊ, ɛjaɖɛ takɩyʊ nɛ takayɩsɩ mayʊ. Ndʊ ɛmaɣ yɔ, ndʊ lɛ ndʊ ɛna ɛ-nʊmɔŋ taa yɔ.
Ewoba Pasifiki lɩm fɛɛʊ taa tɔm naatozo nɛ ɛnʊ kɛrŋna Erɔpʊ taa kacalaɣ-tʊ weyi ɛfɛyɩ naŋgbangaɣ kɛ Osɩtralii taa yɔ; ewoba ɖɔɖɔ Nuvɛlɩ Kaledoni, lɩm hɛkʊ taa tɛtʊ ndʊ payaɣ-tʊ se Sandiwici yɔ tɩ-taa nɛ Hawayi tɛtʊ taa. Ɛnʊ kɛŋna ɖɔɖɔ kacalaɣ-tʊ weyi ɛcɔ Antartiki kpɛɛɛ nɛ ɛta yɔ nɛ ɛnʊ ɛlɩzɩna Tɛrɩ-Neevi nɛ Nuvɛlɩ-Zelandi aŋjaŋ kɛ takayasɩ hatʊ yɔɔ.
Ɛ-kacalaɣ nomɔʊ lɛ pɩɩkɛna pɩnaɣ 1768 nɛ 1771 taa kɛ Pasiki lɩm fɛɛʊ taa. Tambaɣ sɔsɔɣa kɛlɛ se pañɩnɩ nɛ pana se keteŋga nakayɩ fɛyɩ ɖoli nɛ patanada-kɛ. Ɛ-nɔmɔʊ naalɛ ñɩŋgʊ lɛ pɩnzɩ 1772 nɛ 1774 taa kɛ Ostralii keteŋga taa. Ɛlɩna ɛ-kacalaɣ nɔmɔʊ nɛ ɛkɔɔ lɛ, paha-ɩ sɔɔjɛtʊ taa samtʊ nimiye sɔsɔyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ se kapitɛŋnɩ yɔ nɛ pɩwɛ se eɖii mɛlɛ nɛ pañɩnɩ Ostrali keteŋga.
James Cook tɛ nɔmɔʊ ɖɛʊ kpaagba ñɩŋgʊ lɛ, pɩɩkɛ pɩnzɩ 17776 nɛ 1779 taa. Ɛ-nɔmɔʊ kʊnɛ lɛ kʊ-tɔɔbʊʊ kɛlɛ se powona Omekɛ Tahiti taa. Ɛnʊ kɛŋna Eropʊ taa kacalaɣ -ʊ weyi ɛfɛyɩ naŋgbaŋga kɛ hawayi tɛtʊ taa yɔ, pɩɩkɛna pɩnaɣ 1778.