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Nɛyɔɔ
Nɛyɔɔ kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 10 nɛ yʊsaɣ mayaɣ kɔyɔ Ne. Ɛkɛ fefeku kɩbaŋʊ, yaa kɛdɛɖaɣ fefeku nɛ kiiciɣdu, kɩfɛyɩna ɖɔɖɔ tɔlɩm nabʊyʊ, paɖʊ-ɩ kɔŋkɔŋ naa taa yaanɛyɔɔ kandʊ naa mba pa-taa fɛyɩ pʊyʊ kɔyɔ, ɛlakɩ sɛmɩŋ tɩyɛ.
Ɛsɔkaɣ taa lɛ, ɛdɔɖɔɔ, nɛ e-kpeekpe ɛ-tɛ ppm kɛlɛ 18. Nɛyɔɔ wɛnɩ ɖiɣ ɖiɣ agbele naa naatozo, 20Ne, 21Ne, 23Ne, nɛ ɛwɛna hilimiye ñʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩɩlɛzʊʊ yɔɔ 20,1797 (6). Ɛwɛna ɖɔɖɔ tʊʊʊ ɖoŋ wɛnayʊ agbelenaa 16 kpaɣ 16Ne ŋtalɩ 34Ne, ɛlɛ pa nɛ yɔ pɛ-tɛ fezuu caɣʊ eeleɖiɣ.
Nɛyɔɔ kɛ fefeku kɩtɛɖɩɣ naalɛ ŋgʊ, kɩwɛnɩ hɛlɩyɔm lɩm ñɩŋʊ niidiɣ ɖoŋ tam 40 nɛ hɩdrɔzɛnɩ lɩm ñɩŋʊ niidiɣ ɖoŋ tam nabutozo (pɛ-tɛ ɖɔʊ wɛ kɩmaŋ). Tʊma sakɩyɛ labʊ taa, ɛkɛ niidiyu weyi ɛfɛyɩ liidiye ɛzɩ hɛlɩyɔm yɔ.
Kɩpaɣlʊ William Ramsay nɛ Morris Travers ñɩnɩna nɛ patɩlɩ nɛyɔɔ Ɛnglɩsɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa, heɣlim pɩsʊʊ taa, pɩnaɣ 1898. Pʊtʊnaa caɣyɛ kpata taa lɛ, hɔɔlʊʊ hiu nɛ lutozo ñɩŋʊ taa, mbʊ lɛ, ɛ-tɛ nɛ fefekiŋ kiiciɣdiŋ tɛ, ɛ-taa wɛ nasɩyʊ fɛyɩ waa hiu, nazɩyʊ sɩɣlɩyʊ waa hiu nɛ kɔtɩɩ waa hiu ɖɔɖɔ. Nɛyɔɔ wɛ ɛsɔkaɣ taa nɛ kɩ-tɛ kpɩndʊʊ maɣna 0,0018%.
Lemuu sɛmɩŋ caʊʊ weyi nɛyɔɔ lɩzɩɣ kɩ-tɩ taa yɔ ŋgʊ pakɩlɩɣ labɩnaʊ tʊmɩyɛ ayɛɛnɛ yaa amʊʊza tɔm ɖisusiye. Nɛyɔɔ, mbʊ peyeba paya pɩ-tɛ miŋ ɛnʊ paa palakaɣ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ fefekiŋ lɛɛŋ kɔyɔɔ kʊnɛ ɛnʊ kɩwaba. Ɛlɛ pɩɩkɛ nɔɔdaa palakaɣ kɔzɔ kɔzɩ ɖɩɣa taa miŋ hɔɔlʊʊ taa, tovonum lɛ, pɩkɛ mʊntʊsʊʊ wondu (pɩlɩna pa-hɩla wena kewiyaɣ sɩma-yɛ yɔ a-yɔɔ.


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Nɛptʊnɩyɔm
Nɛptʊnɩyɔm kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ takʊʊ nɛ wiluu pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-yʊsaɣ mayaɣ kɔyɔ Np nɛ ñʊʊ ñɩŋa 93. Ɛkɛ ñɩɣlɩm pʊtʊ weyi ɛtɔʊʊ cɛnzɩ yɔ, ɛ-tɛ nɛ akɩtɩnɩdɩ waa tɛ kiŋ. Ɛ-tɛ ɖiɣɖiɣ agbele, nɛptʊnɩyɔm 237 wɛʊ yɔ pitaa piye ñɩɣyɩŋ taa palakɩ-ɩ.
Pana-ɩ cazʊ cazʊ ʊranɩyɔm taa ɖɔɖɔ. Kaliforni sukuli sɔsɔʊ taa pana-ɩ pɩnaɣ 1940. Mbʊ yɔ ɛnʊ tɩŋɩɣna ʊranɩyɔm wayi kɛ pʊtʊnaa caɣyɛ kpata taa yɔ, pɛkɛtɩna Neptune tɛlɛŋa nɛ paya-ɩ hɩɖɛ, ɛnʊ weyi ɛtɩŋɩɣ Uranus wayi kɛ wɩsɩ cɔlɔ yɔ.
Edwin McMillan nɛ Philip Abelson panana nɛptʊnɩyɔm pɩnaɣ 1940. Palaba natʊ tʊmɩyɛ nɖɩ kɛ Berkeley Radiation Laboratory Kaliforni sukuli sɔsɔʊ taa Berkeley, peeɖe ŋgbɛyɛ pɩza ɖɩlɩzɩ agbele 239 ñɩnʊ nɛptʊnɩyɔm taa, ɛ-tɛ fezuu titiɖe kɛ kɩyakɩŋ 2,4, pɔyɔkaɣ ʊranɩyɔm 238 nɛ nasɩyʊ sɩɣlɩyʊ fɛyɩ waa. Pɩkɛ alɩwaatʊ hɛkʊ taa ñɩndʊ ndʊ tiyeba nɛ polu plʊtɔnɩyɔm yɔ.
Salaŋ fenaɣ pɩnaɣ 2002 alɩwaatʊ kɛ ñɩnɩyaa Kalifornie sukuli sɔsɔʊ (Los Alamos takɩɣ nɛ wiluu tʊmɩyɛ taa), palakaɣ tambaɣ tʊmɩyɛ pɩkɛna mbʊ se polu hɔzɩŋ nɛ pahazɩna Amerika ɛyaa, wɩlɩɣ se pezita pazɩ nɛptʊnɩyɔm 237 nɛ ʊranɩyɔm kɩbaŋʊ yɔ papɩzɩɣ polu malɩfa yuŋ ñakʊyʊ nakʊyʊ.

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Tɔm kpou
Tɔm kpou, pɩkɛ taa wiluu tʊmɩyɛ takayaɣ ŋga ka-taa kʊnʊŋ nakʊyʊ tɔmpe ndɩ ndɩ yaa tʊmɩyɛ naɖɩyɛ cɔlɩyɛ nɛ papazɩna kajalaɣ mayaɣ pɩkɔɔ pɩɖɩna kɩtɛzaɣ, nɛ tɔmpiye nɖɩ palɩzɩ ɖɩ-tɔbʊʊ, patazɩ ɖɩ-taa kpayɩ kpayɩ, pɛkɛtɩ ɖɔɖɔ ɖɩkɛ mbʊ yɔ paa hɔɔlʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa. Takayaɣ pɩwɛ ɖɩɖʊ tʊkaɣ nakayɛ nɛ tɔm poŋ takayasɩ lɛɛsɩ, kanɛ yɔ kɛkɛ ŋga kɔyɔɔdʊʊ kʊnʊŋ kʊyʊmʊʊ tɔm yaa pama-kɛ nɛ nzʊlɩyɛ kʊyʊmɖɩyɛ yɔ.
Malɩyʊ abalʊ ñɩnʊ tɔm kpou kɛ takayaɣ kɩkɩndaɣ kɛ latɛŋ hɛkʊ wɛɛ kʊnʊŋ taa dictionarium ɖɩlɩna latɛŋ kʊnʊŋ taa mbʊ se dictio. Ɖɩcɔna kɔyɔ pama-ɖɩ nɛ n kʊyʊm, ɛlɩna latɛŋ dictio cɔlɔ. Ɛ-tɛ kajalaɣ tʊmɩyɛ labɩnaʊ kaawɛ ɖooo Jean Garlande tɛ Dictionarius cum comm ɛlɩ ñalɩ pɩnaɣ 1220.
Tɔmɩŋ ɖɩlɩyɛ kpɛlɛkɩtʊ paɣzɩna Fransɩɩ tɔm kpoŋ taa alɩwaatʊ ndʊ Fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ ñɔɔ yɔ (pɩnaɣ 1650), Ménage weyi yeke nɛ maɣzɩm taa pɩza ɛna Fransɩɩ tɔmɩŋ sakɩyɛ kiɖe. Caama kʊnʊmɩŋ yɔɔ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ tʊ Friedrich Christian Diez (pɩnzɩ 1794 ŋtalɩ 1876) sɩna lɛɣtʊ tɔmɩŋ kpɛlɛkʊʊ kiɖe. Tʊmɩyɛ nɖɩ sɔnɔ yɔ Walther von Wartburg kumoɖe tʊmɩyɛ huzina ɖɩ-yɔɔ (pɩnaɣ 1888 ŋtalɩ pɩnaɣ 1971), nɖɩ yebina nɛ sɔnɔ ɖɩwɛna aseɣɖe tɔm sakɩyɛ ndʊ paacɔɔlʊʊ tɩ-yɔɔ paa hɔɔlʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa pɩlɩna Fransɩɩ tɔmɩŋ ɖɩlɩyɛ kpɛlɛkʊʊ yɔɔ.
Kajalaɣ pɩlʊʊ takayasɩ lɩna Sumer, kpaɣ kpaɣɖʊ 4 pʊcɔ palʊlɩ Yeesu Krɩstʊ. Pala-sɩ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ ɖɩwɩlɩyɛ tʊma naa taa, se pɩsa pɛkpɛlɛkɩ mayaa, pɩɩkɛ tʊmɩyɛ sɔsɔyɛ kpem nɛ pɩkɛ wazaɣ ñɩnɖɛ. Mbʊ lɛ panaɣ papɩla tabɩlɩ naa cikpema 42 nɛ pɔ-yɔɔ nɛ hɩla 14000, papɩlɩ-yɛ pɩlɩna paa weyi ɛ-tɛ pʊtʊ kajalaɣ tʊ yɔɔ.


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Agbele waa ɖama sʊnaʊ
Agbele waa tɛ ɖama sʊnaʊ kɛna wɛtʊ ndʊ abalʊ yaa halʊ lɛlʊ naɣ lɛlʊ nɛ ɛ-tɔm kɛdɩna-ɩ ɛzɩ ɛna-ɩ pcaɣ yaa pasʊʊna-ɖama yɔ. Lakasɩ sɩnɛ, sɩpaɣzʊ yɔ piteleɖi. Pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ XIX taa kɛ sɩlɩwa. Tuuɖe ajɛya taa lɛ, abala mba pasʊʊna ɖama nɛ halaa mba palakɩ ɖɔɖɔ mbʊyɔ, palɩza mayaɣ nakayɛ kpɛm nɛ payaɣna-wɛ. Ŋga lɛ LGBTQIA+. Ɛyaa nabayɛ wɛɛ lɛ nɔɔyʊ ɛlakɩ-ɩ liu yee pɩtɛkɛ ɛ-tɛ agbele kɔyɔ nɛ lalaa lɛ, ɛsɔɔla pɩnabʊlɛ. Pʊtɔbʊ se ɛkɛ abalʊ yaa halʊ kɔyɔ, ɛsʊʊna abala nɛ halaa yem yaa hala nɛ abala.
Ɛyaa kʊɖʊmaa ɖama sʊnaʊ pʊnɛ, pɩtɛkɛ ɛyaa tɛ ɖeke pɩwɛ nɛ pɩwɛ paa ɛyaa tɩmʊʊ ŋgʊ lɛ kɩ-taa yaa ajɛya tɩŋga taa. Pɩwɛ ɖɔɖɔ tɛtɛ kpɩna naayɛ taa ɛlɛ mbʊ pɩma-yɛ ɖooo kiɖe tɛɛ. Ɛlɛ ɛsa kuliye naayɛ taa yaa hɔɔlɩŋ nɛ alɩwaatʊ natʊyʊ taa lɛ, ɖama sʊnaʊ tɔm tʊnɛ tɩvɛyɩ nɛ pakpa nɔɔyʊ nɛ tʊ yɔ, pɔhɔŋ ɛ-naŋgbaŋʊ kɩcɛkɩ kɩcɛ. Pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ XXI ɖa lɩʊ lɛ, tuuɖe ajɛya naayɛ paza pamʊ tɔm tʊnɛ nesi naalɛ sɛ palakɩ nesi ɖɔkʊ takayɩ kɛ mba pasʊʊna pa-egbelenaa yɔ.
Pɩwɛɛ mbʊ lɛ, Afrika nɛ Azii pa-taa ajɛya ɛzɩ 69 yɔ ɛɛcaɣ lakasɩ sɩnɛ paa ñɩɩɩ. Ajɛya ana a-taa pakpanabayɛ se paɖɩɣna ɖama sʊnaʊ yaa pɛkɛ pɩ-tɛ ɛyaa kɔyɔ, pɔhɔŋ pa-nɩŋgbaaŋ.Papɩzʊ paɖʊ-wɛ salaka pana pa-sɩm yaa paɖʊ-wɛ sɩm kpaagbaa. Mba pasʊʊna ɖama yɔ, pañɩna nɛ pana se pa-taa lɛ paaɖaba nabayɩ nɛ ɖoŋ nɛ pasʊna-wɛ pa-pɩcatʊ taa. Mbʊ yebina nɛ panaɣ weyi ɛna-ɩ patakaa halɩtʊ yaa abalɩtʊ yɔ, sɔndʊkpaɣ-wɛ nɛ pɔ-tɔm siŋŋŋ. Mba palakɩ pɩtɛ tʊmɩyɛ nɖɩ yɔ, kʊdɔmɩŋ ɛɛtaŋna-wɛ ɖoli nɛ pɩkɩlɩna fɩktɩyɩm taa ñɩŋ. Mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, ɛyaa seku ɖama sʊnaʊ tɩna mba mɔɔŋ nɛ pamamaɣ pɛfɛyɩ yʊŋ kɛ mba paasʊna ɖama yɔ pɔcɔlɔ. Abala mba pasʊʊna ɖama mbʊ yɔ, pɩkɩla-wɛ sʊnaʊ kɔyɔ, ɛɛpɩzʊ ɛkaɖɩ yee pɩndʊ ɛɖɔka-ɩ kɔyɔ. Pɩndʊ lɩʊ yem yem.


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Pɩlantiiri
Pɩlantiiri (Blantyre) kɛna Malawii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ nɛ ndʊ ɖɔɖɔ kɛŋna ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa ɖenɖe komina tʊma sɔsɔna nɛ tɔsʊʊ kɩla wɛʊ yɔ. Pɩnaɣ 1977 taa paakala ɛyaa lɛ, paawɛ 219 011 nɛ pɩnzɩ hiu wayi patasɩ-wɛ kalʊʊ lɛ, palɩ ɛyaa 333 120.
Pɩnaɣ 2008 taa pakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ lɛ pana ɛya 732 518 kɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa. Peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa tɔm hʊʊ pɩlɩʊ sɔsɔʊ wɛɛ. Pɩlantiirii tɛtʊ taa akɔma ɖɔɔ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ nɛ patala ɛzɩ kutokiŋ nɛɛlɛ nɛ naanʊwa (25) yɔ; nɛ palɩna Kewiyaɣ-Kpɛndɩɣ ɛjaɖɛ taa, Eerɔpʊ taa nɛ Afrika nɛ Hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ taa.
Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ kɛ aradiyo nɛ kɛlɛm kɛlɛm ñɔɔ fayɩɩɩ. Peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ kɛ sukuli kitɛzʊʊ sɔsɔʊ wɛɛ.


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Radɔŋ
Radɔŋ kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 86 nɛ yʊsaɣ ñɩŋa yɔ Rn. Pɩnaɣ 1908 William Ramsay nɛ Robert Whytlaw-Gray lɩzɩɣ mbʊ payaɣ se niton (nitens latɛŋ kʊnʊŋ taa palɩzɩ tɔbʊʊ se kɩñɩɣlɩsɩɣ, nɛ ɛ-yʊsaɣ mayaɣ Nt). Ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1923 paya-ɩ hɩɖɛ Radɔŋ. Pɩnaɣ 1899 paɣzɩtʊ taa Pierre nɛ Marie Curie naa se radɩyɔm lɩzɩɣ miŋ wɛ cɛnzɩ tɔʊʊ ɖoŋ pileɖiɣ pɩtalɩ fenasi naalɛ.
Palɩ raɖɔŋ yɔɔ ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1900 pɩtɩŋna Friedrrich Ernst Dorn, ɛnʊ yana-ɩ se radɩyɔm lɛzʊʊ. Ɛkɛ cɛnzɩ tɔʊʊ pʊtʊ naatozo tʊ weyi pana-ɩ radɩyɔm nɛ pɔlɔnɩyɔm wayi yɔ. Pɩnaɣ 1901 lɛ Rutherfort wɩlɩ se tɔrɩyɔm lɛzɩŋ tɔʊʊ cɛnzɩ, kɛlɛ Curie waa hɛyɩ kɩmɩyɛ pɩlɩna pʊtʊ ɛnʊ ɛ-tɛ natʊ yɔɔ. Pɩnaɣ 1903 lɛ André-Louis Debierne na lɛzɩŋ nɩɩyɛ kɛɛkɛɛ ɛlɩna akɩtɩyɔm cɔlɔ nɛ ɛya-ɩ se akɩtɩyɔm lɛzɩŋ.
Palɩzɩ hɩla ndɩ ndɩ nɛ payana fefekiŋ ɛnʊ ɛ-niitozo pɩnaɣ 1904, exradio, exthorio, nɛ exactinio pʊwayɩ kɔyɔ radon, thoron, nɛ akton pɩnaɣ 1918, pʊwayi ɖɔɖɔ kɔyɔ radeon, thoreon, nɛ actineon pɩnaɣ 1919, nɛ pɩkɔɔ pɩtɛmna radon, thoron, nɛ actinon pɩnaɣ 1920.
Panaɣ se fefekiŋ ɛnʊ ɛ-naadozo ɛ-tɛ mʊntʊsʊʊ weluu lɩ arɩgɔŋ, krɩpɩtɔŋ nɛ sɛnɔŋ, nɛ ɖɔɖɔ pɛ-tɛ ɖoŋ kɩɩwɛʊ lɛ, kɩpaɣlʊ William Ramsay kpekiɣ se kɩlɩlɩŋ ɛnʊ ɛpɩzɩɣ ɛmʊna pʊtʊ kɩfalʊ nɔyɔ ɛ-tɛ nɛ kɛtɛɖaɣ fefekiŋ tɛ. Pɩkɔma pɩnaɣ 1910 ɖa-caanaa William Ramsay nɛ Robert Whytlaw-Gray pɩzɩ palɩzɩ radɔŋ kiyeke. Pɔtɔŋ radɩyɔm kɩlʊʊ tɔmpiye nɖɩ ɖɩtamʊna kɛlɛ palɩzɩ hɩla anɛyɔ niton (pɩlɩna latɛŋ taa se nitens, entis kɩñɩlɩsɩɣ.


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Nevadaa
Nevadaa kɛna Etaazunii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ cikpetʊ natʊyʊ. Nɛ Etazuunii ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ ajɛya cikpena naayɛ nɩɩnɩwa kpɛndɩna nɛ aɖʊ nɔɔ nɛ awɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ taa kpaɩ. Etaazunii tɔbʊʊ nɛ kabɩyɛ taa se ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ. Nevadaa taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Carson City nɛ tɩ-taa ɖɔɖɔ kɛ ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ nɛ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ yɔ ndʊ lɛ Las Vegas.
Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩcɔ ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ nɛ tɩta yɔ ndʊ yɔ: Wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ Utaa nɛ Arizonaa, wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa kiŋ lɛ Kalɩfɔrnii piyele nɛ hayʊ kiŋ lɛ Oregɔnii ne Idahoo.
Pamaza Nevadaa ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ taa lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ ɛzɩ 286 351 km2 nɛ ɖenɖe tɛtʊ ñabɩ wɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 284 378 km2 yɔ nɛ ɖenɖe lɩm ñɛwɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe ñɛwɛʊ ɛzɩ 1 973 km2 yɔ pʊtɔbʊʊ se pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 0,7 yɔ kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɖɩ kɛŋna ɛjaɖɛ 36 ñɩnɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩsʊ Etaazunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ ŋgbɛyɛ taa yɔ. Ɛlɛ pɩɩkɛ aloma fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 31 ŋgʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 1864. Pɩnaɣ 2016 taa paakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ paana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 2 940 058 yɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩkɛŋna 35 ñɩnɖɛ ɛyaa ɖɔʊ taa kɛ Etazuunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ kpeekpe taa.
Payaɣ Nevadaa ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-ñʊʊdʊ se Brian Sandoval (R) piyele nɛ komina ñʊndinaa kɔyɔ: Catherine Cortez Masto (D) nɛ Dean Heller (R).
Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, ŋgʊ lɛ yɔ Eŋgilisi. Ɛlɛ siŋŋŋ taa lɛ, komina maɣmaɣ tatɩɩ hada nɔɔ camɩyɛ se aŋgilisi kɛŋna kɩ-kʊnʊŋ.


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Salɩvaadɔɔrɩ
Salɩvaadɔɔrɩ kɛna Amerika ilemiye taa tɛtʊ natʊyʊ nɛ peeɖe taa lɛ, ndʊ kɩlɩna wɛʊ ñɩɩɩ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩwɛ Amerika ilemiye taa nɛ ɖɩ-hɛkʊ nɛ hɛkʊ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩwɛna Hɔndurasɩ ɛjaɖɛ nɛ ɖɩ-wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa nɛ hadɛ kiŋ, piyele Kuwatemala ɛjaɖɛ lɛ, ɖɩwɛna ɖɩɖɩ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa nɛ ɖɩ-hadɛ kiŋ.
Pamaza Salɩvaadɔɔrɩ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ 20 742 km2 nɛ ɖenɖe lɩm wɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe takɩlɩ ɖɔʊ nɛ pɩmaɣna ɛzɩ 1,5 yɔ kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ. Amerika ilemiye taa tɛtʊ natʊyʊ nɛ peeɖe taa lɛ, ndʊ kɩlɩna wɛʊ ñɩɩɩ kɛ ajɛya lɛɛna taa ɛlɛ peeɖe kɛ ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ km2 taa nɛ patalɩɣ ɛyaa ɛzɩ 305 yɔ. Ɖooo pɩnaɣ 2014 taa pakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ pana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 6 328 196 yɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa yee pakalɩɣ ɛyaa km2 taa kɔyɔ, panaɣ-wɛ ɛzɩ 68 yɔ. Salaŋ fenaɣ 15 pɩnaɣ 1821 kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩmʊ ɖɩ-tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊ. Payaɣ Salɩvaadɔɔrɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊdʊ kɩfalʊ se Salvador Sanchez Cerén.
Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, ŋgʊ lɛ ɛsɩpaañɔɔlɩ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se San Salɩvaadɔɔrɩ nɛ ndʊ tɩkɩla walanzɩ ɖɔɖɔ. Yee ɛyʊ ɛsɔɔlaa se ɛyaa nɔɔyʊ kɛ kaŋgalafu yɔɔ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa kɔyɔ, pɩkɛna-ɩ kɩjɛyʊʊ se ɛma +503 ɛ-tɛ kaŋgalafu kpata yɔɔ pʊcɔ ŋɛ ɛɛma pɩtɛ ɛyʊʊ kaŋgalafu nimaɣ mayaɣ. Pakpazʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-kɩɖaʊ kɛdɛɛka nɛ pɛtɛ lɛ, wendu ndʊ peteɣu yɔ Augusto Coello lubina-tʊ nɛ ndʊ lɛ se ŋkɛ ɛsɔtaa mʊndʊsʊʊ nakʊyʊ.
Liidiye nɖɩ pɔtɔkɩ-ɖɩ peeɖe yɔ payaɣ-ɖɩ se Etaazuunii tɔɔlaarɩ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa abalaa kpadayɩɣʊ pɩsɩɩna ɛzɩ pɩnzɩ 72,3 yɔ nɛ halaa ñatalɩɣʊ ɛzɩ pɩnzɩ 77 yɔ. Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ ŋgba wena awɛ peeɖe yɔ anaa yɔ: Katolika mba (50 %), Protɛsɩtaŋ ( 36%), ɛyaa yem waa, pʊtɔbʊʊ se mba paasɛɣ ɛsʊɔ nɔɔyʊ yɔ patalɩ ɛzɩ ɛyaa hiu nɛ naalɛ yɔ kɛ mɩnɩuʊ yɔɔ nɛ aŋgba lɛɛna taa mba ñɛwɛ ɛzɩ ɛyaa 3 kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ.


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Sɔdɩyɔm
Sɔdɩyɔm kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pɩyʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 11 nɛ yʊsaɣ ñɩŋa yɔ Na (latɛŋ kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ, natrɩyɔm). Sɔdɩyɔm tomnaɣ yem kɛ ñɩɣlɩm ɖɔfɩɩ pɩyʊ nɛ ɛ-yɔɔ ñɩlɩsɩɣ liidiye tɩyɛ, nɛ ɛpazɩɣ ɛñaŋ, nɛ ɛwɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɖʊʊyʊ pʊtʊnaa taa. Paakatɩɣ sɔdɩyɔm yem ŋnɔɔ ɛjaɖɛ yɔɔ, ɛlɛ ɛpazɩ ɛtɔyɩ kpem ɛzɩ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊnaa yɔ, kɔzɩ kɔzɩ ɖɔm mbʊ palakɩ-pʊ nɛ ɖoozi yɔ.
Paasɩma sɔdɩyɔm ɖooo pitihiɣ pɩnzɩ taa kɛ wondu taa ɛlɛ palɩzɩ-ɩ pʊcɔ pɩnaɣ 1807, alɩwaatʊ ndʊ kɩpaɣlʊ Humphry Davy laba nazɩyʊ yɛkɩlɩnaʊ pʊʊzɩyʊ yɔ. Hɛkʊ wɛɛ taa, palakaɣ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ sɔdɩyɔm pʊtʊ nɔyʊ ɛ-hɩɖɛ lɛ sodanum ɛlɛ latɛŋ kʊnʊŋ taa kɛlɛ nɛ pawazɩɣna ñʊʊ holuu kʊdɔŋ. Sɔdɩyɔm yʊsaɣ mayaɣ Na lɩna latɛŋ taa sɔdɩyɔm pʊtʊ nɔyʊ cɔlɔ ɛlɛ payaɣ se natrium, hɩɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-maɣmaɣ ɖɩlɩna krɛkɩ kʊnʊŋ taa vίtpov (nitron). Paa Caama, ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ Tanemariki taa ŋtalɩ Neyerilandi ɛjɛyɛ mbʊ yɔ payaɣ sɔdɩyɔm se natrɩyɔm.
Ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ ɖʊyʊ wondu lɛɛtʊ yɔ, sɔdɩyɔm wɛ leleŋ, kʊ-hʊlɩmɩ kpʊzɩyɛɛ, pɩla sɛʊ yɔɔ tɩyɛ. Ɛkɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛñaŋ lɔŋ yɔ, kɔzɩ kɔzɩ yee ɛwɛ niikaɣ helim taa nɛ pɛkpɛnda ɛnɛ lɩm kɔyɔ pɩwasɩɣ ɖoŋ. Ɛlɩzɩɣ hɩdrɔzɛnɩ naa sakɩyɛ nɛ ɛnazɩɣ, mbʊ tɩna nɛ pʊwɛ se pasɩ-ɩ karɩsɩm taa kɛnɛ yaa ɛsɔkaɣ ŋga ka-taa fɛyɩ azɔtɩ yaa arɩgɔ yɔɔ. Sɔdɩyɔm fɛyɩ yuŋ, ɛcakɩ lɩm yɔɔ nɛ ɛfakɩ-pʊ nɛ ɛlɩzɩɣ dɩhɩdrɔzɛnɩ naa nɛ pɩpɩsɩɣ kaŋwa naa.
Sɔdɩyɔm ŋgʊ kɩwɛ ɛzɩ ñɩɣlɩm yɔ palakɩ-kʊ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ ɛsɩtɛrɩ waa ɖɩlaɖɛ taa ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ tomnaɣ pʊtʊnaa lɛɛla yɔɔ, palakɩ-kʊ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ kɔzɩ kɔzɩ ɖɔkɔtɔ kɔɔ ɖɩlaɖɛ taa, ajana wondu ɖɩlaɖɛ, haɖaʊ tɛ sʊyaa kʊʊ kɔyɛ tɛ. Ɖooo piti hiɣ lɛ, palakaɣna-ɩ tʊmɩyɛ, pɛkpɛndʊʊ ɛnɛ pʊlɔŋ ɛlɛ, pɩɩkɛ lɔɔɖaa taa sanzɩ taa pɔsɔzaɣ-ɩ se palaʊbɩna ɛzɩma pɩtaa nazɩyʊ yɔ yaa pɩtaa tɔʊ yɔ. Palakaɣ sɔedɩyɔm nɛ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ ɛzɩ pʊʊzɩyʊ fefeku kɛ sɔdɩyɔm fefeku kandʊ naa taa.


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YELE NƐ NƆƆYƲ SƖNƖ-Ŋ NƐ ŊKPƐLƖKƖ BIBL
Nɩɩ wezuu leleŋ tam!
Ŋŋhɛyɩɣ nabʋyʋ pʋcɔ nɛ pɛkpɛlɩkɩnɩ-ŋ Bibl, nɛ ŋŋkpɛlɩkɩɣ Bibl lɛ ŋkaɣ tɩlʋʋ tɔm ɛzɩ tʋnɛ yɔ tɩ-yɔɔ cosuu:
Ɛzɩma manpɩzɩɣ nɛ mehiɣ koboyaɣ me-wezuu caɣʋ taa?
Wiɖiyi kañatʋ lakasɩ nɛ kʋñɔmɩŋ pakaɣ sɩʋ tɩnaɣ na?
Wiɖiyi mankaɣ tasʋʋ naɣʋ mɛ-ɛyaa kʋsɔɔlaa mba pasɩba yɔ?
Ɛzɩ Ɛsɔ maɣzɩɣ mɔ-yɔɔ toovenim na?
Ɛzɩma manpɩzɩɣ mantɩmɩ nɛ Ɛsɔ welisini-m?
Ŋŋhɛyɩɣ nabʋyʋ
Pɛkpɛlɩkɩɣnɩ-ŋ falaa, paha-ŋ kpɛlɩkʋʋ takayaɣ Nɩɩ wezuu leleŋ tam! nɛ Bibl falaa ye ŋsɔɔlaa yɔ.
Paa le nɛ paa ɛzɩmtaa
Ña nɛ Yehowa Aseɣɖe Tʋ nɔɔyʋ ɩpɩzɩɣ nɛ ɩkatɩ ɖama yaa ɩtɩŋnɩ video yɔɔ nɛ ɩyaa ɖama paa le nɛ paa ɛzɩmtaa.
Pɩtɩkɛ kɩjɛyʋʋ
Ŋpɩzɩɣ nɛ ŋsɩnzɩ kpɛlɩkʋʋ paa ɛzɩmtaa, nɔɔyʋ ɛɛñɩkɩɣ ñɔ-yɔɔ.
Ɛzɩma ɖɩkpɛlɩkɩɣnɩ ɛyaa Bibl?
Nɔɔyʋ kaɣ-ŋ sɩnʋʋ nɛ ŋtɩlɩ ndʋ Bibl wɩlʋʋ tɔm ndɩ ndɩ yɔɔ yɔ. Ŋŋtɩŋɩɣnɩ Nɩɩ wezuu leleŋ tam! takayaɣ yɔɔ se ŋkpɛlɩkɩ Bibl lɛ, pazɩ pazɩ lɛ ŋkaɣ tɩlʋʋ Bibl taa tɔm nɛ ɛzɩma tɩpɩzɩɣ nɛ tɩsɩnɩ-ŋ yɔ. Pɩsa nɛ ŋtɩlɩ nɛ pɩkpaɖɩ lɛ, cɔnɩ video kʋnɛ yaa na tɔm ndʋ pocosi ndʋ ɛyaa pɔzʋʋ ɖoŋ ɖoŋ kpɛlɩkʋʋ yɔɔ yɔ
Ŋsɔɔlaa se ŋna tɔm ndʋ tɩwɛ takayaɣ taa yɔ?
Na Bibl kpɛlɩkʋʋ kajalaɣ tɔm kɩkpɛlɩkɩtʋ.
Ŋsɔɔlaa se ŋpaɣzɩ?
Ñɩɣ pɩ-tɛɛ cɩnɛ nɛ ŋma kɩyakʋ ŋgʋ ŋsɔɔlaa se ŋpaɣzɩ Bibl kpɛlɩkʋʋ yɔ.


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HƆƆLƲƲ 5
Ɛzɩma ɩpɩzɩɣ ɩla nɛ laŋhɛzɩyɛ wɛɛ mɩ nɛ mɩ-hɔŋ taa ñɩma mɩ-hɛkʋ taa?
“Ɩkɛnɩ . . . kɩbandʋ tɩnaa, hɛɛɛ tɩnaa, leleŋ tɩnaa, tɩ-ɖɔkɩyaa.”—Koloosi 3:12
Nesi ɖɔkʋʋ yeki se hɔʋ kɩfalʋʋ ɛñɔ. Paa pɩwɛɛ se ŋwolo pɩ-yɔɔ nɛ ŋsɔɔlɩ ña-lʋlɩyaa tam nɛ ŋhaɣ-wɛ ñamtʋ yɔ, ñɛ-tɛŋga kɛnɩnɩ ɛyʋ weyi pɩwɛɛ se ɛ-tɔm ɛkɩlɩ cɛyʋʋ siŋŋ ñɛ-ɛzɩdaa tɛtʋ yɔɔ yɔ. Pɩpɩzɩɣ pɩwɛɛ kaɖɛ ñɔ-hɔʋ taa ñɩma se petisi tɔm ndʋ tɩ-yɔɔ. Ɛlɛ ye ŋlakɩnɩ tʋmɩyɛ Bibl paɣtʋ kila yɔ, apɩzɩɣ asɩnɩ-ŋ nɛ ŋwɛɛnɩ wɛtʋ kɩbandʋ nɛ laŋhɛzɩyɛ wɛɛ ña nɛ ñɔ-hɔʋ taa mba mɩ-hɛkʋ taa alɩwaatʋ ndʋ ŋɖiɣni pana ñaɣʋ ɖɔɖɔ se ña nɛ ña-halʋ yaa ña-walʋ mɩ-hɛkʋ taa ɛcɛyɩsɩ yɔ.
1 WƐƐNƖ LƖMAƔZA KƖBANA MƖ-HƆŊ TAA ÑƖMA YƆƆ
NDƲ BIBL YƆƆDƲƲ YƆ: “Ðʋ ña-caa nɛ ño-ɖoo hɩɖɛ.” (Efɛɛzɩ 6:2) Paa pɩnzɩ ɛzɩma ŋwɛna yɔ, pɩwɛɛ se ŋɖʋʋ hɩɖɛ ña-lʋlɩyaa nɛ ŋñaŋ-wɛ tam. Tɩlɩ ɖɔɖɔ se pɩcɛyaa se ña-halʋ yaa ña-walʋ maɣzɩm ɛwɛɛ ɛ-lʋlɩyaa yɔɔ ɛzɩ pɩpɔzʋʋ yɔ, mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ, mba lʋlɩnɩ-ɩ. “Sɔɔlɩyʋ fɛyɩnɩ sʋsɩ,” pʋyɔɔ lɛ, pɩtɩpɔzɩ se sɔɔndʋ ɛkpa-ŋ nɛ taabalɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩwɛ ɛ nɛ ɛ-hɔʋ taa ñɩma pɛ-hɛkʋ taa yɔ.—1 Kɔrɛntɩ 13:4; Galaatɩ 5:26.
ƐBƐ ŊPƖZƖƔ NƐ ŊLA?
Taayɔɔdʋʋ tɔm yem ɛzɩ: “Ñɔ-hɔʋ taa ñɩma kɩlɩɣ-m tisuu tam” yaa “Ño-ɖoo tɩsɔɔlɩ ma-lakasɩ kaaʋ”
Ñaɣ pana nɛ ŋnɩɩ ña-halʋ yaa ña-walʋ lɩmaɣza taa
2 WƐƐNƖ ABALƖTƲ NDƲ PƲPƆZƲƲ YƆ
NDƲ BIBL YƆƆDƲƲ YƆ: “Abalʋ yeki ɛ-caa nɛ e-ɖoo nɛ ɛñɔɔnɩ ɛ-halʋ nɛ papɩsɩ tomnaɣ kʋɖʋmaɣ.” (Kiɖe Tɛɛ Tɔm 2:24) Alɩwaatʋ ndʋ ŋɖɔkʋʋ nesi lɛ, ña-lʋlɩyaa pɩzɩɣ nɛ pamaɣzɩɣ se pɩcɛyaa se pɛwɛɛ pɔcɔŋnɩ ñɔ-yɔɔ, nɛ pɩtɩla pañɩnɩɣ ɖɔɖɔ se paɖʋ nɔɔ ña nɛ ña-halʋ yaa ña-walʋ mɩ-tɔm taa.
Ña nɛ ña-halʋ yaa ña-walʋ pɩwɛɛ se ɩcaɣ nɛ ɩna hɔɔlɩŋ weyi ɩ-taa pɩtɩpɔzɩ se mɩ-lʋlɩyaa ɩɖʋ nɔɔ mɩ-tɔm taa yɔ nɛ pʋwayɩ lɛ, mɩ nɛ wɛ ɩcaɣ nɛ ɩlɩzɩ-wɛ pɩ-taa nɛ sɔɔlɩm. Ŋpɩzɩɣ nɛ ŋyɔɔdɩ tɔm kpayɩ nɛ tɩ-taa tʋ kpayɩ kpayɩ, ɛlɛ pana ɛtaawɛɛ pɩ-taa. (Aduwa 15:1) Tɩ luzuu, laŋɩyɛ kɩbanɖɛ, hɛɛɛ wɛtʋ nɛ tɩ ɖɔkʋʋ pɩzɩɣ nɛ pɩsɩnɩ-ŋ nɛ taabalɩyɛ kɩbanɖɛ wɛɛ ña nɛ mɩ-hɔŋ taa mba mɩ-hɛkʋ taa nɛ iwolo pɩ-yɔɔ nɛ “ɩkatɩ ɖama nɛ sɔɔlɩm.”—Efɛɛzɩ 4:2.
ƐBƐ ŊPƖZƖƔ NƐ ŊLA?
Ye ŋmaɣzɩɣ se mɩ-hɔŋ taa ñɩma kɩlɩɣ pɔ-nɔsɩ ɖʋʋ mɩ-hɔʋ tɔm taa yɔ, ñɩnɩ alɩwaatʋ kɩbandʋ nɛ ña nɛ ña-halʋ yaa ña-walʋ ɩcaɣ nɛ ɩyɔɔdɩ-tʋ
Ɩyɔɔdɩ nɛ ɩnɩɩnɩ ɖama nɛ ɩna mbʋ pɩwɛɛ se ɩla nɛ pɩñɔɔzɩ yɔ


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Asɩnlɛɛ kaapʋsa
mʋ nɩɩ Gyɔn kyʋrɔɔ yɩla sa Krisito abuupu
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Asɩnlɛɛ Kaapʋsa mʋ nɩɩ Gyɔn nyɛ
1 Ɔwʋlɛ nɩmʋ tɔ asɩn ɩ gyɛ asɩnlɛɛ kaapʋsa mʋ nɩɩ Ɩbwaarɛ taa sa Yesu Krisito fɛɛ, ɔ lɛɛ kaapʋ mʋ ayaafɔlɛ atɔ mʋ nɩɩ ii biti ɩ ba waa saŋa mʋ nɩɩ ɩ mɛɛ yɛ ɩ kyɛɛrɛɛ. Nɩɩ Yesu mɔɔ sun mʋ kabɔɔ kʋ nɩɩ ɔ ba lɛɛ asɩn mʋ kaapʋ mɛ Gyɔn, Krisito kɩyaafɔlɛ. 2 Nɩɩ mɛ Gyɔn, ɩ tɔwɛ kʋtɔ kʋmaa mʋ nɩɩ Ɩbwaarɛ maa Yesu Krisito tɔwɛ nɩɩ ɔ lɛɛ kaapʋ mɛ mʋ. 3 Kumu ɔkɔn wuya ɩ gyɛ ɔsa mʋ nɩɩ ɛɛ kalɛ Ɩbwaarɛ asɩnlɛɛ kaapʋsa nɩmʋ, nɩɩ kumu ɔkɔn wuya ana ɩ bɩla ba gyɛ bamʋ nɩɩ bee nu asɩn mʋ, nɩɩ bee buu ɩmʋ, lɩɩ fɛɛ saŋa mʋ nɩɩ atɔ nɩmʋ kpini ii biti ɩ waa mʋ i tiri tɔ.
Ɔkala mʋ nɩɩ Yesu sʋ ɛɛ sa
mʋ kʋbʋ‐kʋbʋ asunɔ mʋ
4 Mɛ Gyɔn ɩ kyʋrɔɔ ɔwʋlɛ nɩmʋ n sʋ n sa Krisito kʋbʋ‐kʋbʋ asunɔ, mʋ nɩɩ ɩ bʋ Asiya ɔsʋwʋlɛ kɩbaafʋn kʋ mʋ sʋ. Ɩbwaarɛ mʋ nɩɩ ɔ bʋ tɔ, nɩɩ ɔ wʋla ɔ bʋ tɔ pɔyɩ nɩɩ atɔ i piili, nɩɩ ee biti ɔ baa ɔ bʋ tɔ kakpaa mʋ, yɛ mʋ n‐yaayu nsunɔ mʋ nɩɩ ba bʋ mu kuwura‐gya mʋ asɛ mʋ, bamʋ kabwaala yɛ kayɩɩ yuuli kɩ gyɛ fanɛ lɛɛ. 5 Yesu Krisito gbaa kabwaala yɛ kayɩɩ yuuli kɩ ba fanɛ asɛ. Mʋ ii gyii kesintin nɩɩ ɛɛ lɛɛ kʋtɔ kʋmaa nɩmʋ ɛɛ kaapʋ tɔ, mʋ ɩ gyɛ ɔmʋ nɩɩ ɔ gyankpaa kyiŋi lɩɩ lewu tɔ, nɩɩ ɔ gyɛ kasɛ sʋ awura tɔ Owura.
Nɩɩ mʋ ii biti anɛ asɩn gaa, nɩɩ o wu taa mʋ nkalan lɛɛ anɛ lɩɩ alibi ɔlʋn tɔ, 6 nɩɩ ɔ waa anɛ mu kuwura‐gyii tɔ asa yɛ mu aseepu, kɛ a sun Mʋ‐Sɛ Ɩbwaarɛ mʋ. Yesu Krisito nɩɩ bʋnyaa yɛ ɔlʋn gyɛ mʋ lɛɛ kakpaa. Amen!
7 Fan kɩɩ! Yesu bʋ abwaarɛ‐wʋlɛ tɔ ɛɛ ba.
Nɩɩ ɔkʋmaa nɩmʋ ii biti o wu mʋ,
halɩɩ bamʋ nɩɩ ba yii mʋ kɩkpa mʋ gbaa,
lɩɩ mʋ sʋ kasɛ sʋ asa kpini bee biti ba su.
Kanɩn nɩɩ ii biti ɩ ba. Amen!
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Ɔnyɩrɩpɛ Ɩbwaarɛ tɔwɛ yɛ, “Mɛ ɩ gyɛ Alɩfa yɛ Omega.*
Mɛ ɩ bʋ tɔ, nɩɩ n wʋla n bʋ tɔ pɔyɩ nɩɩ atɔ i piili, nɩɩ n biti n baa n bʋ tɔ kakpaa mʋ. Mɛ ɩ gyɛ Ɔlʋlʋnpʋ.”
Gyɔn Kɩlɛɛ kaapʋ mʋ nɩɩ
o wu lɩɩ Yesu sʋ
9 Mɛ, Gyɔn mʋ nɩɩ n gyɛ fanɛ bɩrɩsa, lɩɩ Yesu sʋ mʋ n gyii awʋrʋfɔ fɛɛ kanan mʋ nɩɩ fen gyii mʋ, lɩɩ an maa gyɛ mu kuwura‐gyii mʋ tɔ asa sʋ mʋ. Amaa an nyɛ kenyiita yɩlɛ tɔ. Lɩɩ Ɩbwaarɛ asɩn kɩtɔwɛ yɛ Yesu asɩn kɩlɛɛ tɔwɛ sʋ mʋ, ba kɩtaa mɛ naa tʋʋ Patimose kifintin mʋ sʋ. 10 Ɔnyɩrɩpɛ Yesu kakɛ sunsa mʋ, Ɩbwaarɛ Kayaayu mʋ kɩ ba mɛ sʋ, nɩɩ n nu ɔbʋlɛ lala kʋ mɛ kamaa, kɩ maa su fɛɛ kabɩlɛ. 11 Nɩɩ ɔbʋlɛ mʋ tɔwɛ mɛ yɛ, “Kyʋrɔɔ atɔ mʋ nɩɩ fii wu falɛ waa ɔwʋlɛ tɔ, kɛ fʋ taa kyʋŋɛ Krisito kʋbʋ‐kʋbʋ asunɔ mʋ. Ɩmʋ ɩ gyɛ Efeso yɛ Simirina yɛ Pegamum yɛ Tatira yɛ Sadisi yɛ Filadefiya maa Lawodisiya.”
12 N maa biliŋi n kɩɩ ɔbʋlɛ mʋ nɩɩ kɩ tɔwɛ mɛ asɛ mʋ, n wu ɩfɩtɩla ɩgyagakpa isunɔ mʋ nɩɩ ba taa isuwa waa ɩmʋ. 13 Ɩmʋ nsana tɔ mʋ, n wu ɔkʋ fɛɛ Daadimaadi Obii‐nyɩnsa mʋ. O bun kaalɛ bʋnswɩɩsa ba yii kasɛ, nɩɩ ɔ taa suwa kɩrɩsʋ ŋmina mʋ kɔkɔlɔ sʋ. 14 Nɩɩ mu kumu inyini i fuuli parɛparɛ fɛɛ ateebi abɛɛ bwanbwan, nɩɩ mu ansi abi i du fɛɛ fʋlɔn anobi. 15 Nɩɩ mʋ ayaa i du fɛɛ kɩbɩlɩtɔ pɩpɛɛ mʋ nɩɩ ba taa tʋʋ fʋlɔn tɔ, nɩɩ kɩɩ ŋalɩgɛ, nɩɩ mʋ ɔbʋlɛ mʋ i du fɛɛ nkyu ɩ maa bɔla ɩ kyʋn akʋlɩ tɔ. 16 Nɩɩ ɔ sʋ akyikpebi asunɔ mʋ gyisa kɩbaa tɔ, nɩɩ sakunde gyimba anyɔ ɩ lɩɩ mʋ kɔnɔ tɔ. Nɩɩ mu ansi tɔ mɔɔ ɩ ŋalɩgɛ fɛɛ kakyʋwapɛ kyɔwɛ.
17 Nɩɩ n maa wu mʋ mʋ, n tɩyɛ mʋ ayaa tɔ fɛɛ nyɩmɩsa wusa, nɩɩ ɔ taa mʋ gyisa kɩbaa gyaga mɛ sʋ, nɩɩ ɔ tɔwɛ yɛ, “Man waa kufuu. Mɛ ɩ gyɛ kagyankpaa yɛ laalaalʋwɛ. 18 Mɛ ɩ gyɛ Ɔmʋ nɩɩ n bʋ tɔ. Nɩɩ n kyɩna wu, amaa kɩɩ, n tɛ nkpa tɔ kakpaa. Nɩɩ lewu yɛ Kamandɛ ɩsafwɩɩ ɩ bʋ mɛ kɩbaa tɔ.
19 “Ɩmʋ sʋ, kyʋrɔɔ atɔ mʋ nɩɩ fu wu ɩ maa waa nbɩɩnbɩɩ nɩmʋ yɛ atɔ mʋ nɩɩ ii biti ɩ ba kamaa tɔ mʋ kpini yɩla. 20 Akyikpebi asunɔ mʋ nɩɩ fu wu mɛ gyisa kɩbaa tɔ mʋ, yɛ ɩfɩtɩla ɩgyagakpa asunɔ mʋ nɩɩ ba taa suwa waa ɩmʋ mʋ kasɛ ɩ gyɛ yɛ, Akyikpebi asunɔ mʋ ɩ yɩlɛ sa Ɩbwaarɛ nbɔɔ asunɔ mʋ nɩɩ bɛɛ kɩɩ Krisito kʋbʋ‐kʋbʋ asunɔ mʋ sʋ, nɩɩ ɩfɩtɩla ɩgyagakpa asunɔ mʋ ɩ yɩlɛ sa Krisito kʋbʋ‐kʋbʋ asunɔ mʋ.”


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Cɔlɩyɛ
Cɔlɩyɛ, krɛkɩ kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ λoYιkή / logikê, ɖɩkɛ tɔmpiye nɖɩ ɖɩlɩna λόYoς / lógos nɛ ɖɩ-tɔbʊʊ se tovonum, yɔɔdaɣ nɛ hʊhɩyɛ pɩkɛ kajalaɣ taa lɛ, yɔɔdaɣ kpɛlɛkɩtʊ, tɔm ndʊ tɩmɩna yɔ ndʊ tɩwɛ ɖeu paɣtʊ kpeekpe ɛsɩndaa yɔ. Tɔmpiye nɖɩ Xénocrate kaalɛɣna-ɖɩ labɩnaʊ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ kajalaɣ ɖeɖe. Cɔlɩyɛ tɔmpiye nɖɩ ɖooo kɩbɩnjaazɩ alɩwaatʊ taa ɖɩkɛ ɛyʊ yɔɔ maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkʊʊ piliŋa sɔsɔ nakɛyɛ, pɩnɛ maɣzɩm ɖɔnɛ kpɛlɛkʊʊ (ɛyʊ yɔɔ maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkʊʊ) nɛ tomnasi ɖɔnɛ kpɛlɛkʊʊ (kedeŋa kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ).
Kpaɣ ɖooo Hɛkʊ alɩwaatʊ taa lɛ, tɔmʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa fɛyɩ keekee kɛ tɩ yɔɔ keɖeɣa wondu lʊbɛ taa (trivium pʊ-tɔbʊʊ yɔɔdaɣ paɣtʊ yaa tɔm tʊzʊʊ paɣtʊ, quadrivium pʊ-tɔbʊʊ ñʊŋ kɩtɩlɩŋ kpɛlɛkʊʊ, siŋ lɩzʊʊ kpɛlɛkʊʊ, tɩyɩnzɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ minziiki tʊmɩyɛ).
Kpaɣ ɖooo kpaɣɖʊ 17 wɛɛ taa, Leibniz ñɩna siŋ kɛ cɔlɩyɛ tɔm yɔɔ ndʊ palɩna piŋ Aristote cɔlʊʊ tɔm. Ɛñɩkɩɣ nesi Aristote tɔmpee naatozo naayɛ yɔɔ mbʊ se ɛyʊ ɛwɛɛ ɛtɛŋna se ɛkaɣ sɩbʊ kɛlɛ ɛtakɩɣ se ɛɖʊ-tʊ ɛ-maɣmaɣ ɛ-laɣsɩ taa. Ɛnʊ kɛna kajalaɣ tʊ weyi ekpeɣa nɛ eyele kpayi kpayi cɔlɩyɛ lɩɩ. Emmanuel Kant ñalɩzɩɣ cɔlʊʊ tɔmpiye nɩɣ nɛ ɛtɔŋ se pɩkɛ lɛɣtʊ kpayi kpayi nɛ paɣtʊ nɛ siɣsiɣ caɣʊ kɛ paa mbʊ pɩ-taa.
Pɩnaɣ 1847 posusa takayaɣ nakɛyɛ tɔm George Boole mana-kɛ payaa-kɛ se Mathematical Analysis of Logic, nɛ An Investigation Into the Laws of Thought, on Which are Founded the Mathematical Theories of Logic and Probabilities. Ka-taa peeɖe Boole yɔɔdʊʊ cɔlɩyɛ kɩfaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ tɔm, ɖɩwɛna kɛlɛmɩŋ nɛ tʊʊzʊʊ paɣtʊ.
Tɔm kɛdʊʊ taa lɛ, ɖɩnaɣ pɩkɛdɩna ɛyaa sakɩyɛ nɛ cɔlɩyɛ tɔm kɔzɩ kɔzɩ Aristote paɣtʊ naatozo ndʊ nɛ ɛzɩma pataka ɖooo Leibniz cɔlɔ se pɩsa nɛ palabɩna akɔnta nɛ kʊyʊm kʊyʊm kalɩnaʊ. Tɔm kɛdɩtʊ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩpaza ɖɩwɛ ɖeu piŋ ɛyʊ yɔɔ maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ taa mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ ɛzɩ Aristote yaa Stoïci ɛyaa tɛ mbʊ yɔ yaa Leibniz waa pɛ-tɛ mbʊ yɔ palaba ɛyʊ yɔɔ maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ cɔlɩyɛ tʊmɩyɛ piŋ.


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Eeboolaa
Eeboolaa kɛ kʋdɔŋ piye.Kʋdɔŋ pe wena payaɣ se "filovirus" yɔ, a-taa lɛɛɖɛ.
Kʋdɔŋ piye Eeboolaa ɛsʋ ɛyʋ calɩm taa yɔ, anɩza calɩɣna-ɩ kpaʋ. Ɛnɩzɩɣ lɛ, pɩ-taa piyi kɔdɔ kɔdɔ. Pʋwayɩ lɛ, pʋdʋ nɩzɩɣ nɛ calɩm. Kpezuu nakʋyʋ kpa-ɩ kɩfɛyɩ tɛm. Ɛ-yɔɔ lɩɩ pe takɩŋ takɩŋ. Halɩ nɛ sɔnɔ patanada Eeboola kʋdɔŋ piye kɔyɛ. Ɛlɛ, n̄ɩnɩyaa sɔsaa ɖɔŋ maɣzʋʋ kɔ naayɛ yɔɔ se pana se awaɣ kʋdɔŋ piye nɖɛ yaa aawaɣ. Kɔ wena pɔɖɔŋ-yɛ maɣzʋʋ yɔ, ana yɔ "ZMapp" nɛ "favipiravir". Sɛmɩŋ cɔʋna kɔdɔŋ piye nɖɩ nɛ ɖɩtɔyʋʋ kedeŋa kpeekpe.
Kʋdɔŋ piye nɖɩ ɖɩ-wɛtʋ wɛ ndɩ kpem nɛ ɖɩ-tɔm cɛɣ kaɖɛ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ. Paapɩzɩɣ poɖukuna-ɖɩ se pana ɖɩ-wɛtʋ tɩŋa ɖɔkɔtɔnaa tɩŋa taa yem. Ɖɔkɔtɔnaa sɔsaa mba pɛwɛna ɖɔkɔtɔ wondu sɔsɔtʋ nɛ kɩfatʋ yɔ pa-taa papɩzɩɣ patazɩ camɩyɛ nɛ pana Eeboolaa kʋdɔŋ piye wɛtʋ nɛ mbʋ ɖɩkɛnaa yɔ siŋŋ. Ɖɔkɔtɔ kuduyiŋ sɔsɔŋ weyi ɛ-tɛɛ papɩzɩɣ patazɩ poɖukuna kʋdɔŋ piye Eeboolaa nɛ pɩɩpɩzɩɣ pɩɖɛɛ ɖ;pokɔtɔnaa yɔ, ɛnʋʋ lɛ "laboratoires P4" yaa "BSL-4".
Pɔɔ nakɛyɛ hɩɖɛ paha kʋdɔŋ piye Eeboolaa. Pɔɔ ŋga kɛɖɛɣna Yambuku tɛtʋ taa. Yambuku tɛtʋ ndʋ tɩwɛ Koŋo ɛjaɖɛ nɛ hayi kiŋ hɔɔlʋʋ taa. Koŋgoo ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩɩ payaɣ lɛɛlɛɛyɔ se Zaayiiri ɛjaɖɛ. Ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-tɛ ɖɔkɔtɔ nakʋyʋ taa pacalɩ naʋ kʋdɔŋ piye Eeboola kʋdɔndʋ nɔɔyʋ calɩm taa salaŋ fenaɣ taa pɩnaɣ 1976 taa. Ɖɔkɔtɔ sɔsɔ Peter Piot nana kʋdɔŋ piye nɖɩ. Ɛnʋ nana se kʋdɔŋ piye nɖɩ ɖɩkaɣ sʋʋ ɛyaa 318 calɩm taa nɛ ɖɩkʋ pɩtalɩ ɛyaa 280.
Kʋdɔmɩŋ pe wena payaɣ se "Ebolavirus" yɔ, a-taa lɛɛɖɛ payaɣ se Eeboolaa. Kʋdɔmɩŋ pe ana awɛ kʋdɔmɩŋ pe "filovirus" pɩlɩʋ taa.
Kʋdɔmɩŋ pe ana awɛ huwa kagbaanzɩ taa. Pʋwɛ kaɖɛ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ se ɛyʋ ɛpɩzɩ ɛtɩlɩ tokaɣ ŋga kɛwɛ kʋdɔmɩŋ pe ana a-hɛkʋ taa yɔ mbʋ yɔ alɩ ɖama siŋŋ.
Kʋdɔmɩŋ pe wena awɛ kʋdɔŋ piye Eeboolaa tɩyɛ yɔ, anaa yɔ:
- Kʋdɔŋ piye Eeboolaa tɩtɩŋɛ, paya-ɖɩ ɖɔɖɔ se "EBOV". Ɖooo lɛ, payawaɣ-ɖɩ se "ZEBOV" yaa "Eeboolaa Zaïre". Pɩnaɣ 1976 taa pana kʋdɔŋ piye nɖɩ Koŋgoo ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ payaɣ nɔɔnɔɔ se Zaayiiri. Kʋdɔŋ piye nɖɩ ɖikɩlɩ kaɖɛ kʋdɔmɩŋ pe lɛɛna wena awɛ ɖɩ-tɩyɛ yɔ. Nɖɩ lɩna pɩnaɣ 2014 taa Afrɩka nɛ wɩsɩ ɖʋɖʋyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ taa nɛ ɖɩkʋ ɛyaa sakɩyɛ.
- Eeboolaa wayɩ lɛ, ɖɩnaɣ kʋdɔŋ piye nɖɩ payaɣ se Suudaanɩ (SUDV) yɔ. Ɖooo lɛ, payawaɣ ɖɩɖɩ se SEBOV yaa Eeboolaa soudan. Suudaanɩ nɛ hadɛ kɩŋ hɔɔlɩŋ taa nɛ Uugandaa pɛ-ajɛɛ taa kʋdɔŋ piye nɖɩ ɖɩlɩwa.
- Eeboolaa suudaanɩ wayɩ lɛ, ɖɩnaɣ ɖɔɖɔ kʋdɔŋ piye nɖɩ payaɣ se, Rɛɛsɩtɔɔnɩ yɔ (RESTV). Ɖooo lɛ, payawaɣ-ɖɩ se REBOV yaa Eeboolaa Rɛɛsɩtɔɔnɩ. Pɩnaɣ 1983 taa pana kʋdɔŋ piye nɖɩ Rɛɛsɩtɔɔnɩ egeetiye taa Etaazuunii ɛjaɖɛ taa.
- Eeboolaa Rɛɛsɩtɔɔnɩ wayɩ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, ɖɩnaɣ kʋdɔŋ piye nɖɩ payaɣ se Fɔɔrɛɛ de Taayii (TAFV) yɔ. Ɖooo lɛ, payawaɣ-ɖɩ se Eeboolaa Fɔɔrɛɛ de Taayii yaa se Eeboolaa "Côte d'Ivoire". Pɩnaɣ 1994 taa pana kʋdɔŋ piye nɖɩ Taayii egeetiye taa wondu kaɖaɣ taa Côte d'Ivoire ɛjaɖɛ taa, Giinee nɛ Liibeeria pa-kamasɩ yɔɔ.
- Eeboolaa Fɔɔrɛɛ de Taayii wayɩ lɛ, ɖɩnaɣ kʋdɔŋ piye nɖɩ payaɣ se "Bundibugyo (BDBV) yɔ. Ɖooo lɛ, payawaɣ-ɖɩ se BEBOV yaa Eeboolaa Bundibugyo. Pɩnaɣ 2008 taa pana-ɖɩ Bundibugyo egeetiye taa Uugandaa ɛjaɖɛ taa.
Kʋdɔŋ piye nɖɩ payaɣ se Eeboolaa Rɛɛsɩtɔɔnɩ yɔ, pana-ɖɩ pɩnaɣ 1989 taa Filipiini ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɖɩwɛ ɖɔɖɔ Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛyaa kamaɣzaa se kʋdɔŋ piye nɖɩ ɖɩsʋʋ ɛyʋ calɩm taa. Ɛlɛ, pɩnaɣ 2009 taa lɛ, pana se afa ɖɛzɩ kʋdɔŋ piye nɖɩɩ ɛyʋ nɔɔyʋ.
Pana Eeboolaa Bundibugyo pɩnaɣ 2008 taa. Ɖɩ nɛ Eeboolaa Fɔɔrɛɛ de Taayii palɩ ɖama siŋŋ. Ɛlɛ, Eeboolaa Bundibugyo tɔm kɩla kaɖɛ Eeboolaa Fɔɔrɛɛ de Taayii.
Kʋdɔŋ piye Eeboolaa wɛ ɛzɩma wɛtʋ?[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Eeboolaa kʋdɔŋ piye wɛ ɛzɩ ɖalʋ yɔ. Ɖɩwɛ kʋdɔmɩŋ pe wena payaɣ se "Mononegavirales" yɔ a-pɩlɩʋ taa. Kʋdɔmɩŋ pe wena payaɣ se "virus à ARN monocaténaire" waa yɔ, awɛ pɩlɩʋ ŋgʋ kɩ-taa ɖɔɖɔ. Ɖooo lɛ, pakpaɣ-yɛ se awɛ "rhabdovirus" pɩlɩʋ taa. Sɔnɔ yɔ, ɛyʋ naa se kʋdɔmɩŋ pe Eeboolaa waa nɩɣzɩna kʋdɔmɩŋ pe wena payaɣ se "paramyxovirus waa" yɔ. Kʋdɔmɩŋ pe ana a-taa lɛ, ɖɩnaɣ kʋdɔmɩŋ pe wena ayeki nɛ nɩŋgbatiŋ nɛ kpizim pakpaɣ ɛyʋ yɔ.
Kʋdɔŋ piye Eeboolaa ɖaɣlaa ɛzɩ 0,8 yaa 1 um mbʋ yɔ. Ɛlɛ, naɖɩyɛ pɩzɩɣ ɖɩɖaɣlɩ pɩtalɩ 14 um mbʋ yɔ. Kʋdɔŋ piye nɖɩ ɖɩwalɩɣ pɩtalɩ 80 nm mbʋ yɔ. Ɖɩ-taa wɛ mbʋ payaɣ se "nucléoprotéines NP et VP30 waa yɔ. Mbʋ payaɣ se, "matrice hélicoïdale" yɔ, ɖihuuzi ɖɩ-yɔɔ. "Matrice hélicoïdale" ɛnʋ ɛwalaa pɩtalɩ ɛzɩ 40 yaa 50 nm mbʋ yɔ. Pa-taa wɛ " protéines VP24 et VP40 waa". Tɔnʋʋ nakʋyʋ, kɩwɛ lɛfɩɩɩ, ŋgʋ huuzina pɩ-tɩŋa payɩ mbʋ yɔ pʋ-yɔɔ. Kɩ-taa wɛ mbʋ payaɣ se "glycoprotéines GP waa" yɔ.
Kʋdɔŋ piye Mbʋ payaɣ se"ARN" pɩ-ɖaɣlakɩŋ "GC" ɖɔ ɛzɩma yɔ.
Kʋdɔŋ piye nɖɩ payaɣ se "Marburg" yɔ, ɖɩ-taa n̄ama n̄ama naa ɖaɣlaa ɛzɩ 19,11 kb mbʋ yɔ. Mbʋ payaɣ se "GC" yɔ pʋwɛ pa-taa pɩtalɩ 38,8 % mbʋ yɔ. Ŋgʋ, kʋdɔŋ piye nɖɩ payaɣ ɖɩɖɩ se Lloviu yɔ, ɖɩɖɩ-taa n̄ama n̄ama naa n̄aɖaɣlaa ɛzɩ 18,93 kb mbʋ yɔ nɛ "GC" n̄ɛwɛɛ pa-taa pɩtalɩ 46,0 % mbʋ yɔ.
Sɛmɩŋ kɔŋnana kʋdɔŋ piye Eeboolaa. Kɔzɩ kɔzɩ Egipiti ɛjaɖɛ taa sɛmɩŋ kɩsɛmɩŋ. Pana mbʋ pʋwɛɛ pɩkaɖɩɣna kʋdɔŋ piye Eeboolaa Zaayiiri yɔ sɛmɩŋ naadozo calɩm mbʋ payaɣ se seerɔɔm yɔ pɩ-taa. Sɛmɩŋ ɛnʋ ɛ-hɩla yɔ: Hypsignathus monstrosus nɛ Epomops franqueti nɛ Myonycteris torquata. Ŋgʋ ɖooo mbʋ yɔ patana kʋdɔŋ piye Eeboolaa sɛmɩŋ ɛnʋ ɛ-calɩm taa kaʋ. Pɩtɛkɛ sɛmɩŋ taa ɖeke kʋdɔŋ piye Eeboolaa wɛɛ. Kʋdɔŋ piye nɖɩ ɖɩwɛ ɖɔɖɔ yuŋ nɛ n̄ɛya nɛ kɩlɩndɩyɩŋ nɛ n̄ɩtʋ taa nandʋ natʋyʋ natʋyʋ ɛzɩ tɩkpayɩŋ nɛ ahuwa pa-taa.
Ɛlɛ, sɛmɩŋ kɩlɩɣna yɛlɩnaʋ kʋdɔŋ piye eeboolaa kpem. Ɖooo lɛ, ɛyaa kasɩmaa sɛmʋʋ ɖɛzɩɣ kʋdɔŋ piye nɖɩɩ n̄ɩtʋ taa nandʋ natʋyʋ nɛ alɩwaatʋ ndʋ ɛyʋ tɔkɩ tɛtɛ kpɩnɛ nɖɩ pɩɖɛ-ɖɩ yɔ pʋcɔ pɩɖɛɛ-ɩ .Yazɩ pɩtɛkɛ mbʋ. Sɛmʋʋ pɩzɩɣ kɩɖɛzɩ kɩudɔŋ piye nɖɩɩ ɛyʋ kpaakpaa.
Ɖɩɣa afanaa taa pɩzɩɣ pʋwɛɛ kʋdɔŋ piye Eeboolaa. Alɩwaatʋ ndʋ kʋdɔŋ piye Eeboolaa sʋʋ afa calɩm taa lɛ, afa mooyom kpeŋ n ɛ pʋwɛɛ ɛzɩ afanaa kʋdɔmɩŋ lɛɛŋ kpaɣʋ-wɛ nɛ pɛwɛɣ yɔ.
Écoépidémiologie[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Ɛzɩma pɩtɩŋʋʋ nɛ Eeboolaa sʋʋ ɛyʋ calɩm taa?[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
- Eeboolaa cɔʋ cɔʋ mbʋ kedeŋa yɔɔ yɔ, ɛyʋ tatɩɩtɩlɩda camɩyɛ. Ɛlɛ, ɛyʋ nawa se Sɛmɩŋ cɔʋna Eeboolaa kʋdɔŋ piye kedeŋa yɔɔ paa le. Sɛmɩŋ ɖɛzɩɣ kʋdɔŋ piye nɖɩ tɩkpayɩŋ. Ɛyʋ n̄ɛyɛlɩɣ lakʋ taa nɛ ɛkʋʋ awayɩ nandʋ. Awayɩ nandʋ ndʋ, yee Eeboolaa ɛtɛma sʋʋ tɩ-calɩm taa yɔ, alɩwaatʋ ndʋ ɛyʋ tɔkɩ-tʋ yɔ, kʋdɔŋ piye nɖɩ ɖɩɖɛɣ-ɩ kpaakpaa. Eeboolaa sʋʋ ɛyʋ calɩm taa kpaakpaa alɩwaatʋ ndʋ ɛtɔkɩ Sɛmʋʋ nandʋ yɔ, kɔzɩ kɔzɩ sɛmʋʋ ŋgʋ payaɣ se "Hypsignathus monstrosus" yɔ.
Eeboolaa sʋʋ ɛyʋ calɩm taa lɛ, alɩwaatʋ ɛzɩma ɛnaɣna?[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Eeboolaa kʋdɔŋ piye ɛsʋ ɛyʋ calɩm taa yɔ, kɩyakɩŋ naalɛ yaa kɔyɔ kɩyakɩŋ nɛɛlɛ nɛ kʋɖʋmʋʋ wiye ɛnaɣna. Ɛlɛ, kɩyakɩŋ naanza yaa kɔyɔ kɩyakɩŋ nakʋ wayɩ ɛyʋ kɩlɩɣ naʋ se Eeboolaa sʋ ɛ-calɩm taa. Eeboolaa sʋʋ ɛyʋ calɩm taa lɛ, kpɩtaʋ mpilim wayɩ kɩpaɣzɩɣ kʋ-tʋmɩyɛ labʋ ɛ-calɩm taa. Kʋdɔŋ piye nɖɩ ɖɩtɔkɩ ɛ-hʋyɩŋ tɛɛ, ɖɩtɔɔ ɛ-hʋzɩŋ nɛ pʋdʋ paɣzɩ anɩza nɛ calɩm. Piileɖiɣ nɛ pʋdʋ sɩ, mbʋ yɔ pɩlakɩ mbʋʋ lɛ, pɩɖɩkɩ e-feziŋ.
Eeboolaa sʋʋ ɛyʋ calɩm taa lɛ, kʋcɔʋ ɛyʋ nandʋ kpeekpe kɩta. Kʋtɔkɩ ɛ-mɔɔ taa n̄ɩm tɩŋa payɩ kɩsɔyɩ ɛ-calɩm. Kɩcɔʋ ɛ-fɩtɩyɩm taa, kʋsʋʋ ɛ-hʋzɩŋ tɛɛ, kɩtɔɔ ɛ-hɔyɛ nɛ e-yozaɣ, kɩsʋʋ ɛ-ladɩho tɛɛ, kɩcɔɔ e-tomnaɣ tɩŋa taa, kʋsʋʋ e-loyuu taa. Ɛyʋ ɛnʋ ɛtɛŋna sɩm mbʋ calɩm fɛyɩ ɛ-yɔɔ, feziŋ n̄aakpaɣ.
Kʋdɔŋ piye Eeboolaa wɛ ndɩ kpem nɛ kʋdɔmɩŋ pe lɛɛna mbʋ yɔ, kʋsʋ ɛyʋ calɩm taa yɔ, kɩtɩŋɩɣna tɔɔʋ ɛ-taa mbʋ mbʋ pʋwɛɛ nɛ pʋdʋ caɣ wezuu yɔ pɩtɩŋɛ. Pʋdʋ ɛnʋ ɛ-yɔɔ lɩɣ pe kɩsɛma naayɛ, anɩza naayɛ kpayɩ, ɛnɩzɩɣna calɩm. Pʋtɔkɩ ɛ-tɔnʋʋ yɔɔ, pʋtɔɔ ɛ-tɔnʋʋ tɛɛ. E-tomnaɣ ɛɛtazɩɣ wɛʋ ɖoŋ, kɛwɛɣ yem ɖɔfɩɩɩ. Ekpeziɣ nɛ e-tomnaɣ cɩyɩɣ.
Ɛzɩma Eeboolaa ɖɛʋ ɛyaa[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Alɩwaatʋ ndʋ ɛyʋ ɖukuuna weyi Eeboolaa kpa-ɩ yɔ ɛ-calɩm yaa ɛ-hɩm yaa ɛ-kɩjɛbɛyʋʋ yaa ɛ-ndaatʋ yaa ɛ-mʋʋna yaa e-soŋaɣ yɔ, kʋdɔŋ piye Eeboolaa ɖɛɣ-ɩ kpaakpaa. Ɖɔkɔtɔnaa pɩkɩlɩɣ ɖɛʋ alɩwaatʋ ndʋ paacɔŋna weyi Eeboolaa kpa-ɩ yɔ ɛ-yɔɔ yɔ. Pʋ-yɔɔ pʋwɛɛ se cɩɖɩcɩɖɩ wɛtʋ nʋmɔʋ ɛkpa ɖoŋ ɖɔkɔtɔnaa tɩŋa taa. Pʋwɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ se wondu ndʋ palakɩna-tʋ nɛ tʋmɩyɛ yɔ, pɔhɔ-tʋ miŋ ɖeu yaa pɔn̄ɔɔzɩ-tʋ camɩyɛ nɛ pʋcɔ palana-tʋ nɛ tʋmɩyɛ. Ɖɔkɔtɔnaa sakɩyɛ sɩba pɩtɩŋna kaakendu ndʋ tɩ-yɔɔ nɛ piyele nɛ Eeboolaa tɛzɩɣ tɔyʋʋ kʋtɔyʋ.
Eeboolaa ɛkpa ɛyʋ yɔ, piileɖiɣ nɛ pʋcɔ kɩɖɛɛ ɛ-cɔlɔ n̄ɩma. Alɩwaatʋ ndʋ ɛyʋ ɖukuuna weyi Eeboolaa kpa-ɩ yɔ ɛ-calɩm yaa ɛ-ndaatʋ yaa ɛ-mʋʋna yaa e-soŋaɣ yaa ɛ-halɩtʋ yaa ɛ-abalɩtʋ taa lɩm yɔ, pɩɖɛɛ-ɩ kpaakpaa. Weyi Eeboolaa kpa-ɩ yɔ, paa ɛkɔma ɛsɩ yɔ, pʋfɛyɩ se ɛyʋ eɖukuna-ɩ yem nɛ ɛtɛlɛɛ nesi huyuu ŋgʋ kiyeki se kʋdɔŋ piye naɖɩyɛ ɛtaaɖɛɛ-ɩ yɔ. Afrɩka hɔɔlɩŋ nɩɩyɛ taa sɔnzɩ pɔzʋʋ se, ɛyʋ ɛsɩba yɔ, pʋwɛɛ se pɔsɔ-ɩ lɩm, pɔn̄ɔɔzɩ-ɩ camɩyɛ nɛ pʋcɔ pepimi-i. Pɛtɛŋɩ-ɩ pim lɛ, pɔcɔ kɔyɛ sɩɖʋ ɛnʋ ɛ-nɔnɔɔ taa nɛ pasɩɩ n̄anaɣ nakɛyɛ taa nɛɛ paa anɩ ɛsaŋ-pʋ e-nesi nɛ pʋcɔ ekpe ɛ-tɛ. Pɩdɛ lakasɩ nzɩ siyeki nɛ Eeboolaa kʋdɔŋ piye ɖɛɣ ɛyaa tɩŋa. Koŋgoo ɛjaɖɛ taa nabɛyɛ tɔɔ tɩkpayʋ natʋyʋ nɛ Eeboolaa kpa-wɛ. Pʋ-yɔɔ pɩfɛyɩ ɖeu se ɛyaa eleɣyina tɩkpayɩŋ yem yaa pɔtɔɔ ɛ-nandʋ. Ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, sɛmɩŋ cɔlɔ pɩlɩɣna nɛ Eeboolaa tɔyʋʋ kedeŋa kpeekpe. Abiijanɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa sɛmɩŋ kɩlɩ tɔyʋʋ.
Ɛzɩma pawaɣ Eeboolaa?[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Halɩ nɛ sɔnɔ patanada Eeboolaa kɔyɛ hayʋʋ. Ɛyaa mba eeboolaa kpawa yɔ, mɩnʋʋ yɔɔ lɛ, ɛyaa 90 sɩba. Mbʋ wɩlɩɣna se Eeboolaa kɛ kʋdɔŋ ŋgʋ kʋ-tɔm caɣ kaɖɛ siŋŋ Afrɩka tɛtʋ taa yɔ. Ɖɔkɔtɔnaa fɛyɩna wondu yaa kɔ wena pʋpɔzʋʋ se pawaa yaa palʋbɩna Eeboolaa yɔ. Ɛlɛ, papɩzɩ patɩŋna mbʋ payaɣ se "Traitements symptomatiques" yɔ pʋ-yɔɔ nɛ pɩɖaŋ se kʋdɔŋ tʋ ɛtaasɩ. Un vaccin vivant atténué expérimental donne des résultats encourageants chez le singe51. Il a été administré en mars 2009 à une chercheuse travaillant sur le virus, après une possible contamination accidentelle. L'évolution en a été favorable52.
Paa mbʋ yɔ, lakɩŋ fenaɣ pɩnaɣ 2009 n̄ɩnɩyʋ halɩn̄ɩnʋ nɔɔyʋ laba tʋmɩyɛ nɛ kɔyɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ ɛla nɛ tɩkpayʋ nɔɔyʋ yɔɔ cɛ, Eeboolaa kakpa-ɩ.
Pɔɖɔŋa maɣzʋʋ kɔ naayɛ tɛtɛkpɩnɛ yɔɔ se pana se alakɩ tʋmɩyɛ naa aalakɩ. Ɛsɔ ɛsɩna pɩdɛ n̄ɩnɩyaa mba. Kɔ ana a-taa yɔ " l'ARN polymérase". Ɖɔkɔtɔnaa maɣzɩ seerɔɔm ŋgʋ payaɣ se "ZMapp" yɔ nɛ papɩzɩ pawaa Ameriika tɛtʋ taa kʋdɔŋ tɩnaa naalɛ mba Eeboolaa kpa-wɛ yɔ. Kɛyɩna fenaɣ pɩnaɣ 2014 taa pamaɣzɩ seerɔɔm ŋgʋ. Seerɔɔm ŋgʋ, palaba-kʋ nɛ taba hatʋ. Jaapɔɔnɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ taa n̄ɩma ɖɔɖɔ n̄an̄ɩnaa nɛ pamaɣzɩ kɔ naayɛ kɛ holaa mba Eeboolaa kpawa yɔ. Pɩkpa-wɛ nɛ pɩla kɩyakɩŋ loɖo lɛ, palaba pɔ-yɔɔ tʋmɩyɛ.
Ɛzɩma pʋwɛɛ se ɛyʋ ɛla nɛ Eeboolaa ɛtaakpa-ɩ?[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Pʋwɛɛ se :
- ɛyʋ esuu e-nesi huyuu nɛ ehuuzi ɛ-tɩŋa yɔɔ nɛ wonuu nakʋyʋ nɛ pʋcɔ ɛkʋ tɛtɛkpɩnɛ nɖɩ Eeboolaa kpawa yɔ. Pʋwɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ se ɛyʋ epiŋ tɛtɛkpɩna wena ɛkʋ-yɛ mbʋ lɛ, ɛla ɖɛfɛɛɛ nɛ ɛtaaɖukuni-yɛ yem. Pʋwɛ ɖeu ɖɔɖɔ se ajɛɛ n̄ʋʋdɩnaa ɛlʋ nɛ tɛtɛkpɩna ɛtaacɔʋ ajɛɛ tɩŋa nɛ ataŋ yem.
- ɛyʋ ɛtɩzɩ paa calɩm yaa nandʋ ndʋ pɩpɩɩ camɩyɛ siŋŋ nɛ pʋcɔ ɛtɔɔ.
- ajɛɛ wena a-taa Eeboolaa tɛma lɩʋ yɔ akɛdɩ ajɛɛ lɛɛna taa n̄ɩma mbʋ Eeboolaa lakɩ nɛ ɛzɩma mbʋ palakɩ se paɖɩɣ-kʋ kaʋ yɔ, pɩkpɛndɩna lesi labʋ taa mbʋ yɔ. Ɛyaa mba pasɩbɩna eeboolaa yɔ, pʋwɛɛ se, pataasɩ-wɛ, pepimi-wɛ kpaakpaa. Pe-ɖipimiye pʋwɛɛ se ɛyaa ɛtɩlɩ labʋ nɛ Eeboolaa ɛtaaɖɛɛ-wɛ.
- ɛyʋ eposi ɛ-tɩ nɛ mba Eeboolaa kpa-wɛ yɔ. Pɩkɩlɩ ɖeu se ɛyʋ ɛtaayɛlɩ yem se ewoki ɖɔkɔtɔnaa taa. Pʋwɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ se ɖɔkɔtɔnaa ɛtɩlɩ camɩyɛ ɛzɩma mbʋ pʋwɛɛ se pɔcɔna mba Eeboolaa kpawa yɔ pɔ-yɔɔ yɔ. Pɩkɩlɩɣ ɖeu se pɛkɛzɩɣ mba Eeboolaa kpawa yɔ kɩjaʋ nɛ patɩlɩ ɛzɩma mbʋ pɔcɔna pɔ-yɔɔ yɔ ɖeu. Pʋwɛɛ se pɔsɔ mba pasɩbɩna Eeboolaa yɔ miŋ kʋsɔbʋ. Pʋwɛɛ se ɖɔk;potɔnaa esuu mbʋ payaɣ se "filtre à air" yɔ pʋcɔ pɔcɔna mba Eeboolaa kpawa yɔ pɔ-yɔɔ.
- ɖɔkɔtɔnaa ehoyisi miŋ n̄ɩɣtʋ ndʋ pakpakɩɣ se palana tʋmɩyɛ yɔ tɩtɩŋa.
Pɩnaɣ 2000 taa Eerɔɔpʋ tɛtʋ ha waɖɛ kɩ-tɛ ɖɔkɔtɔnaa se patazɩ nɛ pana kʋdɔŋ piye Eeboolaa kɛ mbʋ yɔ. Ɖɔkɔtɔ kuduyuu ŋgʋ kɩ-tɛɛ palakɩ n̄ɩnʋʋ tʋmɩyɛ yɔ, kɩ-tɛɛ pʋwɛɛ se patazɩ nɛ pana mbʋ Eeboolaa kɛwa yɔ. Lyon egeetiye taa, Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa ɖɔkɔtɔ kuduyuu ŋgʋ payaɣ se "laboratoire P4 Jean Mérieux" yɔ, kɩ-tɛɛ palaba Eeboolaa yɔɔ tʋmɩyɛ.
Pɩnaɣ 2012 taa Ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se "NIH" yɔ, ɖɩwɛ Etazuunii ɛjaɖɛ taa; ɖɩpaɣzɩ cɛlʋʋ liidiye "Albert Einstein College of Medicine" ɖɔkɔtɔ se kɩn̄ɩnɩ nɛ kɩna mbʋ pʋwɛ Eeboolaa taa kpem yɔ nɛ ɛzɩma mbʋ kʋdɔŋ piye nɖɩ ɖɩcɔʋ kpɩnɛ calɩm taa yɔ.


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Izirɛɛlɩ nɛ Palɛsɩtini po-you tɔm
Avema looɖo tɛ you: mɩsɩ kʊm fenaɣ 5 pɩnaɣ 1967[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Pataatɩɩpɩzɩta se pɛhɛzɩ you ŋgʊ kɩɖɩɩna labʊ Ɩsraɛlɩ nɛ Arabi pɛhɛkʊ taa lɛ, naatozo ñɩŋgʊ tuli kiɖɩ pɛhɛkʊ taa ɖɔɖɔ. Ɩsraɛlɩ tɛ sɔɔjanaa nɛ pɔ-nɔɔ yɔɔ ɖɛyʊ, sɔɔja sɔsɔ weyi payaɣ se général Moshe Dayan yɔɔ, pacaŋ pekpi ageeta cabɩ: Sinaï ŋgʊ kɩwɛ Egipiti yɔ, Siirii pʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩwɛ Golon yɔ, Cisjordanie, Gaza nɛ Jeruzalem Est. Mbʊ yebina nɛ Israɛlɩk tɛtʊ tasɩ ɖɔʊ nɛ kɩpaɣzɩ kpacayʊ ajɛya lɛɛna. Ajɛya kpeekpe kɩkpɛndʊ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se ONU yɔ, kɩkʊyɩ nɛ kɩsɩŋgɩ nɛ kɩtɔ se pɩtaala mbʊ; se Ɩsraɛlɩ ɛpɩsɩna kɩ-tɩ.
Le Caire tɛ ɖama nɩnaʊ sɩna Palɛstini ñɩma mba palakaɣ you yɔ se panɛ Libani ñɩma panɩɩnɛ ɖama: mɩnzɛma fenaɣ kɩyakʊ naatozo wiye pɩnaɣ 1969. Palestini ñɩma mba palakaɣ you yɔ (OLP) pɔ-nɔɔ ɖɛyʊ Yasser Arafat panɛ nɛ Libani ñɩma powoba Le Caire tɛtʊ taa nɛ panɩɩna ɖama se pɛ-hɛkʊ taa you ehɛɛ mbʊ. Ɛlɛ pɩcalɩnaa alɩwatʊ ndʊ Libani tɛtʊ kaawɛ Ɩsraɛlɩ nesi tɛɛ nɛ pataapɩzɩɣ se pamʊ-tʊ yɔ. Krɩstʊ mba kaasɔɔlaa se Palɛstini ñɩma mba palakɩ you mbʊ yɔ nɛmalɩŋ weyi ɛsɩŋgaɣ nɛ wɛ yɔ se pɛɖɛɛ.
Yom Kippour you: aloma fenaɣ 6 pɩnaɣ 1973[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Yudaa mba kasandʊ Yom Kippour wiye ɖeyi ɖeyi kɛ Egypti ñɩma nɛ Syria ñama tula you kɛ Ɩsraɛlɩ mba. Egypti ñɩma kaañɔɔza pɛ-tɛ sɔɔjana cam:iyɛ nɛ patakpaɣ alɩwaatʊ pʊɖɔɔ nɛ pʊcɔ patalɩ Sinaï tɛtʊ taa. Sinaï tɛtʊ ndʊ, tɩɩkɛ Ɩsraɛlɩ tɛtʊ ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1967. Kpaagbaa mbʊ lɛ, Syria ñɩnaɣ se kɩmʊ Golan ɛlɛ Ɩsraɛlɩ sɔɔjanaa ñakaɖɩ nɛ wɛ. Ɩsraɛlɩ ñamʊ Damas, Le Caire nɛ Suez. Pɩlaba mbʊ lɛ, Etaazuunii nɛ URSS. Pañɩŋgɩ yoŋ ɛnʊ ɛ-tɔm nɛ pɩwɛɛ se aloma fenaɣ 25 wiye pɩnaɣ 1973 lɛ, you tɛma. Egypti tawa you ɛlɛ kɩ-taa wɛ leleŋ se kɩkʊ Ɩsraɛlɩ sɔɔjanaa sakɩyɛ. Pɩlaba mbʊ nɛ pɩtɛ lɛ, Arabia ajɛya ɖaŋgɩ tuuɖe ajɛya pɛ-tɛ kaɖazɩm yɔɔ; mbʊ wɩlɩɣnaa se pɛwɛ ɖoŋ keteŋga kpeekpe taa.
Ɩsraɛlɩ lɩza you ŋgʊ payaɣ se Litani yɔ se kɩmʊ Liibaŋ nɛ kɩ-hadɛ kɩŋ: lakɩŋ fenaɣ 14 pɩnaɣ 1978. Arabia mba nɛ krɩstʊ mba pɛ-esɛ sɛ nɛ you mbʊ lɛ, Ɩsraɛlɩ hiu waɖɛ nɛ kɩcɑɣ se kɩmʊ Lɩban nɛ kɩ-hadɛ kɩŋ se kɩɖaŋ kɩ-tɩ yɔɔ nɛ Palɛstɩnɩa sɔɔjanaa. ONU ñɩŋ yoŋ ɛnʊ ɛ-yɔɔ nɛ lakɩŋ fenaɣ 19 wiye lɛ, pɩhɛɛ pazɩ. Mɩsɩkʊm fenaɣ taa lɛ, Tsahal yele kɩwɛsɩ FINUL. Ɩsraɛlɩ lɩza you ŋgʊ payaɣ se Litani yɔ se kɩmʊ Liban nɛ kɩ-hadɛ kɩŋ: lakɩŋ fenaɣ 14 pɩnaɣ 1978 Arabia ùba nɛ krɩstʊ mba pɛ-esɛ sɛ nɛ you mbʊ lɛ, Ɩsraɛlɩ hiu waɖɛ nɛ kɩcɑɣ se kɩmʊ Lɩban nɛ kɩ-hadɛ kɩŋ se kɩɖaŋ kɩ-tɩ yɔɔ nɛ Palɛstɩnɩa sɔɔjanaa. ONU ñɩŋ yoŋ ɛnʊ ɛ-yɔɔ nɛ lakɩŋ fenaɣ 19 wiye lɛ, pɩhɛɛ pazɩ. Mɩsɩkʊm fenaɣ taa lɛ, Tsahal yele kɩwɛsɩ FINUL.
Ɩsraɛlɩ pɩsɩna Sinaï kɛ Egypti: ɖomaɣ fenaɣ 25 pɩnaɣ 1982[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Sinaï kɛwɛ Ɩsraɛlɩ mba nesi tɛɛ pɩnzɩ 15 nɛ pɩnzɩ naatozo wayɩ ɛzɩ paañɩɩʊ nesi se Ɩsraɛlɩ mba nɛ Egipiti mba peyele you yɔ lɛ, Ɩsraɛlɩ pɩsɩna Sinaï kpoo nɛ kɩcɛlɛ Egypti.
Se: laŋhɛzɩyɛ ɛwɛɛ Galilea taa: mɩsɩkʊm fenaɣ pɩnaɣ 1982 Palɛstɩnɩa ñɩma wɛ Liibii mbʊ lɛ,Ɩsraɛlɩ sɔɔjanaa ñaɣ pana se Laŋhɛzɩyɛ ɛwɛɛ Galilea taa. Sɔɔjanaa mba pekpɩ Lɩban nɛ pacaɣ Beyrouth. Pawaba Palɛstɩnɩa mba mbʊ lɛ, pɛ-tɛ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩñɩnɩɣ se Palɛstɩnɩa mba ɛwɛɛ pa-tɩ yɔɔ yɔ pɛɖɛ poholo pɛwɛɛ Tunisi. Pɩwayɩ lɛ, Ɩsraɛlɩ ñɩma kʊyɩ Lɩban tɛtʊ taa pɩnaɣ 1985 ɛlɛ pakaɖɩ na Liibaŋ hadɛ kɩŋ ɖoli pɩkɔɔ pɩsɩɩna Pɩnaɣ 2000.
Bachir Gemayel sɩm: salaŋ fenaɣ 1982[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Etaazuunii kaatɛma ɖiziɣ Ɩsraɛlɩ nɛ Palɛstɩnɩ pɛ-hɛkʊ taa you nɛ pɩhɛɛ nɛ ajɛya ndɩ ndɩ ñɩnɩɣ se Palɛstɩnɩ ñɩma ɛkʊyɩ lɛ, tanaŋ nakʊyʊ Lɩbani ñɩma makʊʊna pɛ-ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊ tʊ Bcchir Gemayel sɩba. Palɩza-ɩ nɛ pɩla kɔzɔɖɔnaa naatozoɖeke nɛ pɩlakɩ mbʊ yɔ. Kpaagbaa mbʊ lɛ, Ɩsraɛlɩ sɔɔ laŋhɛzɩyɛ yɔɔ nɛ kimʊ Beyrouth. Paapɩɩla ɛzɩma yɔ, Siirii mba kʊʊna ñʊʊ tʊ ɛnʊ, ɛlɛ Palɛstɩna mba kaɣ pɩ-kɩhɛnyʊʊ naʊ kɛ you ŋgʊ kagaɣ tuluu Sabra nɛ Chatila taa yɔ. Ɛ-sɩm wayɩ lɛ, pɛlɛɛzɩna-ɩ nɛ e-neu Amine. Payaɣ pa-caa se Pierre Gemayel.


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Cɛɛcɛ
Cɛɛcɛ yaa kpayaɣ, pɩkɛ n̄ɩɣyʋʋ ŋgʋ kʋɖɔŋ tataa ɛzɩ lɔɔɖɩyɛ yɔ. Ɛlɛ, cɛɛcɛ n̄ɛwɛna pɔbɔla naalɛ. Kɩseɣ seu mbʋ yɔ, pɩlɩɣna weyi ɛsaɣ-kʋ yɔ, ɛ-cɔlɔ. Weyi ɛsaɣ cɛɛcɛ yɔ, payaɣ-ɩ se cɛɛcɛ sayʋ. Ɛcakɩ ki-kpeɖe yɔɔ nɛ ɛsɩɩ ɛ-nɩŋgbanzɩ peedaalɩ waa yɔɔ. Ɛsaɣ lɛ, kpasɩ hɔŋna wayɩ pɔbɔɖɛ nɛ Cɛɛcɛ seɣ.
Ɛsɩndaa pɔbɔɖɛ tɩna tɔm, nɖɩ yekina nɛ cɛɛcɛ sɩŋɩɣ yiɣyiɣ, kiikpiliɣ. Cɛɛcɛ n̄ʋʋ sayʋ tʋʋzʋʋ nɛ ɛsaɣ. Pʋwɛɛ se ɛɖɔkɩ cɛɛcɛ n̄ʋʋ nɛ e-nesi naalɛ kpam nɛ ɛtʋʋzʋʋ camɩyɛ. Mbʋ yaɣna-ɩ waɖɛ nɛ ɛpɩzɩ ɛhɛtɩ yaa ese lɔŋ.
Kedeŋa yɔɔ cɩna, cɛɛcɛnaa ɛyaa kɩlɩɣ caɣʋ. Ɛyaa cakɩ cɛɛcɛnaa paa ɖooye. Nabʋyʋ taa yɔ, pɩkɛ-wɛ aleɣya pʋyʋ yaa tomnaɣ taa hayɩsʋʋ pʋyʋ. Tɛtʋ sʋsɔtʋ taa cɛɛcɛ pɩzɩɣ kise kilomɛtɛwaa hiu nɛ kagbaanzɩ n̄ɩɣyʋʋ kʋɖʋmʋʋ yɔɔ. Yee habɩyɛ ɛwalɩ camɩyɛ yamm nɛ nabʋyʋ ɛɛcɛyɩɣ ɖɩ-yɔɔ yɔ, ɛzʋtʋyʋ pɩzɩɣ ɛcaɣ cɛɛcɛ ese ɛzɩ kilomɛtɛwaa hiu nɛ loɖo yaa niidozo n̄ɩɣyʋʋ kʋɖʋmʋʋ yɔɔ. Cɛɛcɛnaa mba palaba se pesena-wɛ yɔ, cɛɛcɛ sayʋ weyi pahayɩsa-ɩ camɩyɛ yɔ, ɛpɩzɩɣ esena-kʋ pɩtalɩ kilomɛtɛwaa 70 n̄ɩɣyʋʋ kʋɖʋmʋʋ yɔɔ. Ɛlɛ, ɖenɖe pɩwalɩ camɩyɛ landamm nabʋyʋ ɛɛcɛyɩɣ yɔ. Cɛɛcɛ sayʋ weyi ɛkakɩla senaʋ nɛ-kʋ yɔ, ɛpɩzaa ese kilomɛtɛwaa 133,28 n̄ɩɣyʋʋ kʋɖʋmʋʋ yɔɔ. Pɩnaɣ 2009 n̄ɩŋga taa weyi payaɣ-ɩ se, Sam Whittingham yɔ ese ḿbʋ.
Pɩɩnɩɣ ɛyʋ cɛɛcɛ saɣʋ taa pɩtalɩ ɖɔnɛ taa. Ŋgʋ cɛɛcɛ sayʋ kɩla ɖeu tam naalɛ yaa naadozo mbʋ yɔ ɖɔnɛ. Ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, pɩkɩlɩ lɛɛlɛɛ tam naalɛ yaa naanza mbʋ yɔ ɖɔnɛ. Ɛyʋ lesiɣ ɖoŋ weyi ɖɔnɛ taa yɔ, pɩtatalɩ weyi elesiɣ cɛɛcɛ sayʋ taa yɔ.


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Lɩŋgamʋʋ (Océan)
Lɩŋgamʋʋ kɛ lɩm wandamm kadaɣ nakɛyɛ. Kedeŋa kpeekpe yɔɔ cɩnɛ, lɩm wandamm waa kadasɩ kpɛndɩ naadozo. Nzɩɩ yɔ : lɩŋgamʋʋ nɛ teŋgu nɛ kujomuu. Sɩ-naadozo sɩ-taa lɛ, lɩŋgamʋʋ lɩm kadaɣ kɩlɩna walʋʋ. Lɩŋgamʋʋ taa lɩm wɛ salala.
Kedeŋa yɔɔ lɩŋgamɩŋ tɩŋa taa payɩ lɛ, Pasifiki lɩŋgamʋʋ kɩlɩna walʋʋ. Yee pɛtɛyɩ kedeŋa kpeekpe hɔɔlɩŋ naadozo kɔyɔ, pasifiki lɩŋgamʋʋ kpakɩɣ hɔɔlʋʋ kʋɖʋmʋʋ mpilim. Kɩ-walanzɩ kɛ 166 241 km2. Pasifiki lɩŋgamʋʋ wɛ tɛtʋ wandamm waa naadozo hɛkʋ taa. Tɩwɛ Azii nɛ Amerika nɛ Oseyanii pɛ-tɛtʋ wandamm waa hɛkʋ taa.
Pasifiki lɩŋgamʋʋ lɩm cukaŋ kɛ mɛtɛnaa 4 300. Kɩ-hɔɔlɩŋ lɛɛŋ lɩm cukaŋ cɛzɩ mɛtɛnaa 11 100 yɔɔ mbʋ yɔ. Lɩŋgamʋʋ kʋnɛ kɩ-wayɩ lɛ, Atɩlantiki lɩŋgamʋʋ tɩŋɩna walanzɩ nɛ cukaŋ pa-nʋmɔʋ taa.
Atɩlantiki lɩŋgamʋʋ walanzɩ kɛ 106 000 000 km2. Kɩ-taa lɩm hɔɔlʋʋ nakʋyʋ cukaŋ kɛ mɛtɛnaa 4 200. Piyele kɩ-hɔɔlʋʋ ŋgʋ kɩ-taa lɩm kɩlɩ limuu yɔ, kʋkʋ nakʋ cukaŋ kɛ mɛtɛnaa 9187.
Atɩlantiki lɩŋgamʋʋ wayɩ lɛ, Ɛndɩ lɩŋgamʋʋ tɩŋɩna walanzɩ nɛ cukaŋ pa-nʋmɔʋ taa. Ɛyʋ ɛɛpɩzɩɣ ɛya ɛndiyɛɛ lɩŋgamʋʋ lɩm taa, mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ, ɖɔmpe sɔsɔna wɛ lɩŋgamʋʋ ŋgʋ kɩ-taa.
Ɛndiyɛɛ lɩŋgamʋʋ cukaŋ kɛ mɛtɛnaa 3 960. Ɛlɛ, kɩ-hɔɔlʋʋ ŋgʋ kɩkɩlɩ limuu yɔ, kʋkʋ cukaŋ kɛ mɛtɛnaa 7 000. Lɩŋgamʋʋ kʋnɛ kɩ-wayɩ lɛ, Ɔsɩtralii lɩŋgamʋʋ tɩŋɩɣna. Arikitiki lɩŋgamʋʋ pɩtɔyɩna lɩŋgamɩŋ tɛ walanzɩ nɛ po-cukaŋ nʋmɔʋ taa. Kɩ-walanzɩ kɛ 14 090 000 km2. Piyele ku-cukaŋ ñɛkɛ mɛtɛnaa 1 380. Ɛlɛ, kʋ-hɔɔlʋʋ ŋgʋ kɩkɩlɩ limuu yɔ, kʋkʋ cukaŋ kɛ mɛtɛnaa 5 440.


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Kujomuu sɔsɔʋ
Lɩm huyi kujomuu sɔsɔʊ nakʊyʊ Etaazuunii ɛjaɖɛ taa. Kujomuu ŋgʊ, kɩwɛ tɛtʊ nɖʊ payaɣ se Arizona yɔ nɛ tɩ-wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ nɛ hayi kiŋ hɔɔlʊʊ taa. Etaazuunii ɛjaɖɛ taa kujomuu ŋgʊ kɩkɩlɩna paɣlʊʊ kedeŋa kpeekpe yɔɔ kujomiŋ tɩŋɛ. Colorado pɔɔ kpemna sakɩyɛ nɛ pɩla se puyi kujomuu sɔsɔʊ ŋgʊ. Puhuyi-kʊ piyaɣ ŋga payaɣ ɖɔɖɔ se Colorado yɔ kɔ-yɔɔ. Pɩnaɣ 1919 ñɩŋga taa pɔcɔzɩ kujomuu ŋgʊ nɛ pɩta nɛ kɩpɩsɩ ɛsɩyɛ ɛgbena loniye sɔsɔyɛ. Kɩ-walanzɩ kɛ kilomɛtanaa 4 927. Paa pɩnaɣ ŋga ɛyaa ɛzɩ miiliyɔɔ waa naanza nɛ pɩɖɛɛ pʊ-yɔɔ woki nɛ panaɣ kujomuu sɔsɔʊ ŋgʊ. Kɩ-wɛtʊ nɛ kɩ-laŋ wɛtʊ nɛ kɩ-taa tɛtɛ kpɩna ndɩ ndɩ yeba nɛ pɩnaɣ 1979 ñɩŋga taa UNESCO ŋgbɛyɛ kpaɣ Etaazuunii ɛjaɖɛ taa kujomuu sɔsɔʊ ŋgʊ se ŋgʊ kɛŋna kedeŋa kpeekpe ñɩm sɔsɔm. UNESCO kɛ kedeŋa kpeekpe ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩlʊkɩ ɛzakuliye nʊmɔʊ taa nɛ lɛɣtʊ nɛ sukuli labʊ nɛ sɔnzɩ wobunaʊ ɛsɩndaa nʊmɔʊ taa yɔ. Kujomuu sɔsɔʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-ɖɩwɛyɛ Kujomuu sɔsɔʊ ŋgʊ kɩwɛ Etaazuunii ɛjaɖɛ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ nɛ hadɛ kiŋ hɔɔlʊʊ taa. Kɩwɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ payaɣ se Arizona yɔ tɩ-taa ɖeyiɖeyi. Etaazuunii ɛjaɖɛ taa kujomuu sɔsɔʊ ŋgʊ kɩwalaa nɛ kɩɖaɣlɩ nɛ kɩtɛ kiliŋi pɩfɛyɩ kɛdʊʊ. Kɩɖaɣlaa pɩtalɩ kilomɛtanaa 450. Kɩwɛ Powell lɩŋgamʊʊ nɛ Mead ñɩŋgʊ pɛ-hɛkʊ taa. Kɩ-hɔɔlʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩkɩlɩ ɖaɣlʊʊ yɔ, kɩwɛ Arozona tɛtʊ taa laʊ ŋgʊ pɔsɔza-kʊ nɛ pɩta nɛ awayɩ wondu ndɩ ndɩ sakɩyɛ wɛɛ kɩ-taa yɔ. Kujomuu sɔsɔʊ ŋgʊ, kɩ-ɖaɣlakɩŋ kɛ hɔɔlʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa kilomɛtanaa 350. Kiliŋaa pɩɖɛɛ mɛtanaa 1 300 yɔɔ. Ki-likaŋ sɔsɔŋ kɛ mɛtanaa 2 000. Kɩ-walanzɩ kɛ hɔɔlɩŋ nɩɩyɛ kilomɛtanaa 5,5. Hɔɔlɩŋ lɛɛŋ taa lɛ, kɩ-walanzɩ kɛ kilomɛtanaa 30. Toovenum lɛ, kedeŋa yɔɔ cɩnɛ kujomiŋ nɩɩyɛ wɛɛ nɛ ɛkɩlɩ liŋuu kɛ Etaazuunii ɛjaɖɛ taa kujomuu sɔsɔʊ ŋgʊ. Kujomiŋ weyi ɛkɩlɩ liŋuu Etaazuunii ɛjaɖɛ taa kujomuu sɔsɔʊ yɔ, ɛnʊʊ yɔ : Colca kujomuu, ki-likaŋ kɛ mɛtanaa 3 400. Cotahuasi kujomuu likaŋ ñɛkɛ mɛtanaa 3 550. Kujomiŋ sɔsɔŋ naalɛ ɛnɛ ɛwɛ Peruu ɛjaɖɛ taa. Kujomuu sɔsɔʊ ɖɔɖɔ nakʊyʊ ñɛwɛ Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa. Payaɣ-kʊ se Yarlung Tsangpo kujomuu. Nakʊyʊ ñɛwɛ ɖɔɖɔ Mɛkɩsiikɩ ɛjaɖɛ nɛ hayi kiŋ hɔɔlʊʊ taa. Kʊkʊ payaɣ se Barranca del Cobre kujomuu. Lɛɛkʊ ñɛwɛ Idaho ɛjaɖɛ taa. Kʊkʊ hɩɖɛ lɛ Hells kujomuu. Kujomiŋ ɛnɛ ɛ-tɩŋɛ payɩ ɛkɩlɩ likaŋ Etaazuunii ɛjaɖɛ taa kujomuu sɔsɔʊ.


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Moozambiki
Moozambiki kɛna Afrika wɩsɩ rɩlɩyɛ taa ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ. Ajɛya wena acɔ Moozambiki nɛ ata yɔ, anaa yɔ: Afrika nɛ Hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ, Suwaaziilandɩ, Madakasɩkarɩ, Sɩmbaabuwe, Sambii, Malawii nɛ Tanzaanii.
Ɖooo lɛ Pɔrɩtiigaalɩ kakpacayaɣna-ɖɩ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩwɛ ajɛya wena anɩɣ nɛ ayɔɔdɩɣ pɔrɩtiigaalɩ kʊnʊŋ yɔ a-ŋgbɛɛ taa nɛ wena anɩɣ nɛ fransɩ kʊnʊŋ yɔ a-taa ɖɔɖɔ pɩtasɩna wena alɛ ñanɩɣ nɛ ayɔɔdɩɣ angilisi ɖɔɖɔ yɔ.
Pɔyɔɔdɩɣ se ɖooo lɔŋ taa lɛ Muwaayɛnaazɩ taa kɛ tada laɖaa ndɩ ndɩ kataɣ peeɖe nɛ pɛpɛdɩɣ po-wondu. Kpɩyʊʊ sayʊ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʊ, Ibn Shahriyar, ñeɖiu aseɖe se Aarabɩ tadɩyɛ-tʊ nɔɔyʊ, Lakis, na pɩnaɣ 945 taa kɛ kpɩyʊʊ nakʊyʊ tɩsa ɛyaa kutokiŋ kutokiŋ kɛ Moozambiki kidiiliŋ yɔɔ nɛ pɛkɛ Waa-Waa mba nɛ palɩna Siini hɔɔlɩʊ. Ɛyaa mba pañɩnaɣ kɔ nɛ Afrika taa yomaa.
Pɩkɔma nɛ pɩtalɩ pɩnaɣ 1498 ɛlɛ Pɔrɩtiigaalɩ-tʊ weyi payaɣ-se Vasco da Gama yɔ ɛtalɩ peeɖe. Nɛ pɩpaazɩ mbʊ hɛɛɛ hɛɛɛ nɛ Pɔrɩtiigaalɩ mba tɔyɩ pɛeɖe. Pakpacaya Moozambiki pɩtalɩ ɛzɩ pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ kagbaanzɩmbilim yɔ.
Kpaɣ pɩnzɩ 1976 nɛ 1992 taa yoŋ ɖeke wɛna nɛ ɛyaa ɛzɩ miliyɔɔ yɔ sɩ. Pʊwayɩ yɔ laŋhɛzɩyɛ paazɩ kɔm pazɩ pazɩ.


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Mɔndɔnʋʋ kulubuu (Fibre synthétique)
Pɩsatʋ lʋnaʋ wɛɖʋʋ payaɣ size mɔndɔnʋʋ kulubu. lalaa yaa-kʋ size nimaɣ. Nimaɣ ŋga, palaba kɛ pɩlɩɩna wonu kulubuu n̄ɩŋga nakɛyɛ.
Pɩkɛ mɔndɔnʋʋ ŋgʋ palaba kʋ nɛ wondu kulubutu ndɩ ndɩ kazʋwa wayɩ yɔ. Wonu kulubuu kɛna wonu ŋgʋ pehiu kʋ n̄ɩnɩtʋ sakɩyɛ kazʋwa wayɩ yɔ. Pɩkɛna wonu ŋgʋ pehiu kʋ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɩ hɔɔlʋʋ taa yɔ.
Kpɛlɩ kpɛlɩ wondu ndʋ, tiliɖe lɩna keekee nɛ, ɩɖɩɖɔgɛnɩ nɛ kaɖɩbɔnɩ tomnaɣsɩ taa. Papɩzɩʋ pehiu pɩ-tɛ tomnaɣ ŋga ɖɔɖɔ cɛŋgbɛ mʋlʋm taa ɖɔɖɔ yem kɛlɛʋ. Kajalaɣ nimaɣ tanɩɩ wɛɖʋ n̄ɩŋga kɛlɛ nɩlɔŋ.
Nɩlɔŋ nimaɣ yaa pɩsaɖʋ ŋgʋ n̄ɩnɩyaa sɔsaɣ lɩ kɩ yɔ yaa lɩzɩ kʋ pɩnaɣ 1938 n̄ɩŋga taa. Nimaɣ tanɩɩ wɛɖʋ n̄ɩŋga kanɛ, kawazaɣ ɖɔɔ siŋŋ kɛ kɩyakʋ pɛdʋ taa yaa tadɩyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ taa.
Ɖoo lɔŋ taa mbɩ yɔɔ lɛ, pɩsatʋ yaa ɖama taa lɛɣtʋʋ wondu kulubutu sakɩyɛ kaatɛma lɩɩ. Natʋyʋ natʋyʋ hɩla kɔ yɔ nɛ Fransɩ kʋnʋŋ taa : fibres acryliques, nɛ aramide, nɛ oléfine ɖɔɖɔ nɛ pɩtasɩna polyester.


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Siŋŋ ñʊŋ (tʊʊzʊʊ)
Tʊʊzʊʊ hɔɔlʊʊ taa lɛ, siŋŋ ñʊʊ kɛ ñʊʊ mayaɣ ŋga pama-kɛ mbilim. Siŋŋ ñʊŋ ñɔɔ pɩlɩna ɛzɩma pɛkɛdaɣ tɔm ndɩ ndɩ siŋŋ lɩzɩtʊ hɔɔlʊʊ taa ɛlɛ tɩcaɣ ndɩ nɛ ndʊ keekee masɩ nzɩ ɖooo paalakaɣ-sɩ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ Eudoxe Cnide cɔlɔ kpaɣɖʊ 4 alɩwaatʊ taa pʊcɔ palʊlʊʊ Yeesuu krɩstʊ. Kɛlɛ pasɩm siŋŋ ñʊŋ tɔbʊʊ nɩɣ tɔm pɩtatɩɩtalɩda kpaɣɖɩŋ sakɩyɛ kɔyɔ pɩtɩŋna Dedekind nɛ Cantor nɛ Méray pamatʊ yɔɔ.
Palakɩ siŋŋ ñʊŋ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ paa mbʊ pɩ-taa kpaɣ ɛzɩ wondu liidiye, wɛɛ ɖalakɩŋ, kʊkʊyʊmɩŋ, pɩyʊ kɔtɩɩ waa yuŋ, tɩyɩnka ŋga kakɩlɩ-ɖʊ ñɔtɩnaʊ yɔ tɛ posinau nɛ ɛyaa. Palakɩ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ siŋŋ masɩ paa ɖooye kpaɣ ɛzɩ tɔsʊʊ huu nɔmɔʊ taa, anasaayɩ ñɩɣtʊ yɔɔ tʊma taa, tʊʊzʊʊ hɔɔlʊʊ taa,tomnasi ɖɔnɛ nɔmɔʊ taa yaa tʊma sɔsɔna tambasɩ lɩzɩyaa hɔɔlɩŋ taa.
Pɩkpaɣ nɛ kpaɣɖʊ 17 hɔɔlʊʊ kɩlɛlʊ alɩwaatʊ taa kɛ Isaac Newton nɛ Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz poluba tʊʊzʊʊ hɔɔlʊʊ lɛɛkʊ. Paya-ɩ mbʊ lɛ se wiluu nɛ takʊʊ tɛ, ŋgʊ ɖooo paayaɣa-ɩ kpaagbaa ŋñɩɩ akɔnta. Pɩ-tɛ piliŋa ŋga katɩ caŋ kapaɣlɩ lɔŋ lɔŋ nɛ kapɩsɩ nɔmɔŋ kɩwɩlɩɣ nakʊyʊ siŋ kadeŋa kpeekpe taa, Newtone lɩmaɣzɩyɛ tɔm. Pɩ-tɛ nɔmɔʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa tɔm pɔzɩtʊ yeba nɛ pehiɣ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ kɩbanɖɛ naɖɩyɛ mbʊ se pana se tɛtʊ cɔʊna wɩsɩ naa yaa pɩtɛkɛ mbʊ.


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Epistemolozii
Lɛɣtʊ yɔɔ sukuli labʊ yaa tɩ-kpɛlɛkʊʊ ɖeu payaɣ se epistemolozii. Fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ, tɔmbiye «épistémologie» lɩna caanaʊ krɛɛkɩ kʊnʊŋ tɔmbe naalɛ cɔlɔ : kajalaɣ tɔmbiye kɛlɛ tɔmbiye «epistếmê». Tɔmbiye ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɔbʊʊ kɛlɛ se tɩlɩtʊ siŋŋ (connaissance vraie) yaa lɛɣtʊ. Tɔmbiye naalɛ ñɩnɖɛ lɛ tɔmbiye «λόYoς/lógos». Tɔmbiye ɖɩnɛ, ɖɩɖɩ tɔbʊʊ kɛlɛ se yɔɔdaɣ yaa yɔɔdɩtʊ. Mbʊ payaɣna fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa se «discours». Tɔmbiye «épistémologie» pɩzɩɣ ɖɩwɛɛna tɔbʊʊ lɩzʊʊ ndɩ ndɩ pɩlɩɩna hɔɔlɩŋ naalɛ ndɩ ndɩ taa ɖɔɖɔ:
Kajalaɣ hɔɔlʊʊ taa lɛ, ajɛya wena ayɔɔdʊʊ fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ yɔ, atɔŋ se payaʊ se epistemolozii (épistémologie) yɔ, pɩkɛ lɛɣtʊ piliŋa ŋga kakʊyʊʊ lɛɣtʊ nɛ lɛɣtʊ tɩlɩtʊ yɔɔ yɔ. Pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se ɛyaa mba palakɩ epistemolozii tʊmɩyɛ (épistémologistes) yɔ, pɛkpɛʊna lɛɣtʊ tʊma, paatisiɣ se lɛɣtʊ pɩzaa nɛ tɩwɛɛna tɩlɩtʊ siŋŋ.
Hɔɔlʊʊ naalɛ ñɩŋgʊ taa ɛyaa ñɔtɔŋ se epistemolozii tʊmɩyɛ kɛlɛ se ɖɩñɩnɩ yaa ɖɩtazɩ nɛ ɖɩtɩlɩ pɩtɩŋa kedeŋa yɔɔ. Ajɛya wena alɛ yɔɔdʊʊ iŋgilisi kʊnʊŋ (anglo-saxon) yɔ, alɛ tɔŋna mbʊ. Pʊyʊ kʊɖʊmʊm wɛna kɩjɛyʊʊ siŋŋ epistemolozii lɛɣtʊ pɩlɩʊ taa : mbʊʊ lɛ se kɩla nɛ lɛɣtʊ ndɩ ndɩ kɛ kʊɖʊm. Lɛɣtʊ pilinzi naanza yɔɔ epistemolozii tʊmɩyɛ ñɩɣ nesi:
Kajalaɣ piliŋa lɛ lɛɣtʊ ndʊ payaɣna fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa se «sciences formelles yɔ». Lɛɣtʊ pɩlɩʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa palakɩ akɔntɔnaa ndɩ ndɩ.
Piliŋa naalɛ ñɩŋga lɛ mbʊ payaɣna fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa se «sciences physico-chimiques» yɔ. Lɛɣtʊ pɩlɩʊ kʊnɛ kɩ-taa pɛkpɛlɛkʊʊ tomnasɩ ndɩ ndɩ wɛtʊ nɛ palakɩ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkɩtʊ.
Lɛɣtʊ piliŋa naadozo ñɩŋga lɛ mbʊ payaɣna fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa se «sciences du vivant» yɔ. Lɛɣtʊ piliŋa yaa pɩlɩʊ kʊnɛ kɩ-taa pañɩnɩɣ kedeŋa yɔɔ cɩnɛ mbʊ pifeziɣ payɩ yɔ pʊ-yɔɔ tɩlɩtʊ tɩŋa.
Lɛɣtʊ piliŋa naanza ñɩŋga ñañɩnɩɣ se katɩlɩ ɛyʊ camɩyɛ nɛ kɛtɛ kañɩnɩɣ se katɩlɩ samaɣ wɛtʊ nɛ ka-lɩmaɣza camɩyɛ.
Tɔm paaɣ yɔɔ lɛ, epistemolozii (épistémologie) lɛɣtʊ ñɩnɩɣ kajalaɣ taa se tɩna se le lɛɣtʊ ñɩnɩɣ kpem se tɩtalɩ?
Nabʊlɛ ɖeɖe lɛ, epistemolozii ñɩnɩɣ se kɩna se anɩ yaa aŋgbɛ wena lakɩ lɛɣtʊ tʊma ndɩ ndɩ ? Nabudozo ɖeɖe lɛ, epistemolozii ñɩnɩɣ se kɩtɩlɩ tʊma wena lɛɣtʊ ɖɔŋa labʊ yɔ. Naza ɖeɖe lɛ, kɩñɩnɩɣ se kɩna mbʊ pɩtamsʊʊ lɛɣtʊ ndɩ ndɩ nɛ ɖama yɔ. Nʊwa ɖeɖe lɛ, epistemolozii ñɩnɩɣ se kɩna se awɩlɩɣ lɛɣtʊ ndɩ ndɩ sukuli nɛ ɛzɩma wɩlʊʊ ɛwɩlɩɣ ? Kpaagbaa ɖeɖe lɛ, epistemolozii ñɩnɩɣ se kɩna ndɔŋjɔɔlɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩwɛ lɛɣtʊ ndɩ ndɩ hɛkʊ taa yɔ.


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Tɔlɩm kʊhʊlʊmɩŋ
Tɔlɩm kʊhʊlʊmɩŋ kɛ sɛmɩŋ tɛ tɔlɩm. Tɔlɩm kʊhʊlʊmɩŋ wɛsʊʊ mʊntʊsʊʊ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se yee pasɩ mʊntʊsʊʊ tɔlɩm kʊhʊlʊmɩŋ wayɩ kɔyɔ, ɛyʊ naɣ ñalɩmɩyɛ nɖɩ yem kpayɩ kpayɩ nɛ tʊlɩm mbʊ nɛ pɩ-ɛsɩndaa.
Mʊntʊsʊŋ ndɩ ndɩ taa tazɩyaa ñɩnaa nɛ pɔtɔŋ se tɔlɩm kʊhʊlʊmɩŋ tɛkɛ tɔlɩm tɩtɩŋɛ, ɛlɛ, se mʊntʊsʊʊ nɛ tɔlɩm ndɩ ndɩ pesidaa nɛ pɩpɩsɩ tɔlɩm kʊhʊlʊmɩŋ. Mʊntʊsʊŋ ndɩ ndɩ taa tazɩyaa mba, pa-taa sʊsɔ lɛlʊ payaɣ se Isaac Newton. Nabɛyɛ ñɔtɔŋ se tɔlɩm kʊhʊlʊmɩŋ kɛ tɔlɩm kɩkpɛdɩm koyindu. Pɔtɔŋ ɖɔɖɔ se tɔlɩm kʊhʊlʊmɩŋ kɛ tɔlɩm naadozo mbʊ pɩkpɛndaa kpɛm nɛ piyeki se ɛyʊ ɛna pʊyʊ nɛ pʊ-wayɩ yɔ pɩ-taa tɔlɩm lɛɛbʊ. Ñɩnɩyaa sɔsaa, ɖajaanaa panɛ : Goethe nɛ Hering po-sukulibiya yɔɔdʊʊ-tʊ mbʊ.
Pakpaɣ tɔlɩm kʊhʊlʊmɩŋ anasaayɩnaa tɛ ajɛya taa se pɩkɛ pʊyʊ mbʊ pʊwɛ kelekele yɔ nɛ pʊtɔpɔzɩ se palabɩ-pʊ ŋjɩŋgbɩlɩ yɔ. Tɔlɩm kʊhʊlʊmɩŋ kɛ mbʊ pʊwɛ azuluma yɔ po-koyindu.


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KPƐLƖKƲƲ 8
Kɩɖaŋ weyi itukuuni ɛyaa yɔ
Maatiyee 13:34, 35
LƖMAƔZƖYƐ SƆSƆÐƐ: Tɩŋnɩ kɩɖaŋ weyi ɩwɛ kɛlɛʋ ɛlɛ itukuuni ñɔ-tɔm welisiyaa nɛ iyeki se lɩmaɣza kɩcɛya taa ɩtʋ kpayɩ kpayɩ yɔ ɩ-yɔɔ nɛ ŋyele nɛ ñɔ-tɔm wɩlʋʋ wɛɛ ɖeu nɛ pɩkɩlɩ.
ƐZƖMA PƖWƐƐ SE ŊLA YƆ:
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Labɩnɩ tʋmɩyɛ kɩɖaŋ weyi ɩwɛ kɛlɛʋ yɔ. Ɛzɩ Yesu yɔ, tɩŋnɩ wondu cikpetu yɔɔ nɛ ŋlɩzɩnɩ wondu sɔsɔtʋ tɔbʋʋ, nɛ ŋtɩŋnɩ wondu ndʋ tɩwɛ kɛlɛʋ yɔ tɩ-yɔɔ nɛ ŋlɩzɩnɩ wondu ndʋ tɩ-tɔbʋʋ nɩʋ wɛ kaɖɛ yɔ tɩ-taa. Taasɔzɩ tɔm ndʋ tɩ-tɔm tɩcɛyɩ nɛ tiyeki se kɩɖaʋ taa nɩʋ ɛwɛɛ kaɖɛ yɔ. Yele nɛ tɔm ndʋ tɩwɛ ña-kɩɖaʋ taa yɔ tɩla nɔɔ kʋɖʋmaɣ nɛ tɔm ndʋ ŋñɩnɩɣ se pɛkpɛlɩkɩ ñɔ-tɔm wɩlʋʋ taa yɔ, nɛ pitaayele nɛ tɔm ndʋ tɩɩlakɩ nɔɔ kʋɖʋmaɣ yɔ tɩkɛzɩ ñɔ-tɔm welisiyaa lɩmaɣza.
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Maɣzɩ ñɔ-tɔm welisiyaa yɔɔ. Lɩzɩ kɩɖaŋ weyi itukuuni tʋma wena ñɔ-tɔm welisiyaa lakɩ nɛ weyi itukuuni pa-kɩcɛyɩm yɔ. Taayele nɛ kɩɖaŋ ɛnɩ ɩɖʋ-wɛ fɛyɛ yaa ɖɩwɩzɩyɛ.
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Yele nɛ pana lɩmaɣzɩyɛ sɔsɔɖɛ. Ka ña-lɩmaɣza kɩɖaŋ weyi ɩsɩɣna se panɩɩ lɩmaɣza sɔsɔna taa yɔ ɩ-yɔɔ na, taaka ña-lɩmaɣza tɔm ndʋ tɩ-tɔm tɩcɛyɩ yɔ tɩ-yɔɔ. Yele nɛ ñɔ-tɔm welisiyaa ɩtaatɔzɩ kɩɖaʋ ɖeke yɔɔ ɛlɛ pɔtɔzɩ ɖɔɖɔ mbʋ kɩɖaʋ ŋgʋ kɩkpɛlɩkɩ-wɛ yɔ pɩ-yɔɔ.


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Giacomo Puccini
Giacomo Antonio Domenico Michele Secondo Maria Puccini kɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ size Itaalii yɔ ɖɩ-tɛtʋ taa tʋ. Palʋla-ɩ saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ taa kɩyakʋ hiŋ naalɛ nɛ naalɛ (22) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye pɩnaɣ 1858 n̄ɩŋga taa. Lone nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ size Lucques yɔ ɖɩ-tɛtʋ taa peeɖe palʋla-ɩ .
Lone nɖɩ, ɖɩwɛ egeetiye nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ size Grand-duché de Toscane yɔ, ɖɩ-taa. Ɛsɩba kamɩŋ fenaɣ taa kɩyakʋ hiŋ nakʋ n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye pɩnaɣ 1924 n̄ɩŋga taa. Bruxelles egeetiye tɛtʋ taa ɛsɩba. Ɖajaa Michele Puccini ɛnɛ, ɛkɛ wendu lɩzɩyʋ nɛ soo luɖu sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ siŋŋ Itaalii ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa peɖe.
Itaalii tʋ ɛnɛ, pakpaɣ-ɩ ɛzɩ ɛkɛ wendu lɩzɩyʋ nɛ soo luɖu sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ siŋŋ ɖɔɖɔ wɛɛ nakʋ (19) n̄ɩŋgʋ taa nɛ pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩ kpaɖʋ hiŋ naalɛ (20) n̄ɩŋgʋ ɖɔɖɔ nɔɔ yɔ mbɩ yɔ. E-liɖe lɩna hɔʋʋ kɩbɩnʋʋ nakʋyʋ taa. Hɔʋʋ kɩbɩnʋʋ ŋgʋ, kɩ-taa kajalaa mba lakaɣ minziiki cɩmɩŋ siŋŋ.
Ɖɩcɔna kɔyɔ, ɖɩnaɣ size, hɔʋʋ ŋgʋ, soo mabʋ ndɩ ndɩ tam kagbanzɩ mbɔ yɔ, kɔŋ nɛ pɩɖɛʋ waa nɛ waa taa mbɩ yɔ.
Ɛ-cɔzɔnaa cɔzɔnaa cɔzɔ sɔsɔ ɛnɛ, palʋla ɛlɛ pɩnaɣ 1712 n̄ɩŋga taa, nɛ ɛsɩ pɩnaɣ 1781 n̄ɩŋga taa kɛ mbɩ yɔ.
Ɛ-caa payaɣ size Michele Puccini. Giacomo Puccini wezu caɣʋʋ, nɛ ɛ-tʋmɩyɛ labʋ, nɛ ɛ-sɔlɩm ɛ-tʋmɩyɛ ɖɩlaɖɛ taa ha nʋmɔʋ ɖajaanaa panɛ yɔ : Paolo Benvenuti, nɛ Paola Baroni size pala filim nɛ pɔcɔna-kʋ kɛlɛm kɛlɛm n̄ɩyʋʋ yɔ. Pɩnaɣ 2008 taa kɛ palaba filim ŋgʋ. Kɩwɛɛ mbʋ nɛ pɔtɔzʋʋ na ɛyɔ.


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Kinsasa
Kinsasa kɛna Kɔŋgo ŋgʊ payaɣ-kʊ se RDC yɔ kɩ-tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ. Ɖooo ɛzɩ pɩnzɩ 1881 nɛ 1966 taa lɛ, payawaɣ tɛtʊ ndʊ se Leopolidvili pɔcɔ pʊwayɩ payaɣ-tʊ se RDC. Pɩnaɣ 2016 taa pakalɩ kɩgalʊ lɛ ɛyaa mba panaa yɔ pɛkpɛnda ɛyaa miliyɔnaa 12 071 000. Tɛʈu tʊnɛ tɩ-walanzɩ landammm taa maɣna kilomɛtanaa 9 965. Afrika ajɛya tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ kpeekpe taa lɛKɛɛrɩ nɛ Legɔsɩ tɛtʊ wayɩ lɛ, Kinsasa tɛtʊ taa kɛ ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ.
Keteŋa kpeekpe taa lɛ, tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩwɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ yɔ. Kinsasa tɛtʊ wɛ pɔɔ ŋga payaɣ-kɛ se kɔŋgo yɔ kɩ-hadɛ kiŋ piyele kɩha ɛsa nɛ Kɔŋgo Pirazavili. Tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ tʊnɛ ɖooo lɛ mba paalɛɣ caɣʊ peeɖe yɔ paakɛ Pantu mbaa; payaɣa-wɛ Teke nɛ Humbu waa. Pɩkɔma pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ XVIII nɛ XIX taa lɛ Kinsasa kaakɛna ɖenɖe tadɩyɛ ɖɔŋgaɣ camɩyɛ kpem yɔ.
Pɩnaɣ 1881 taa kɛ ñɩnɩyʊ weyi payaɣ-ɩ se Henry Morton Stanley yɔ ɛya Kinsasa tɛtʊ se Leopold tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ. Ɛya-tʊ mbʊ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ ɛcaɣa se ɛɖʊmna hɩɖɛ kɛ Pɛlɩzɩ kewiya ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊtʊ weyi payaɣ-ɩ se Léopold Naalɛtʊ yɔ. Kɔŋgo ɛjaɖɛ taa payɩ lɛ, Kinsasa taa kɛ tʊma ndɩ ndɩ wɛɛ: tɔsʊʊ nɛ ɛsɩnda wobu wɛ, tadɩyɛ, sukulinaa sɔsaa nɛ sukulinaa kɩtɛzʊ, sɔɔjanaa pɩlɩʊ wɛ ɖɔɖɔ.
Ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1920 taa lɛ Kinsasa tɛtʊ taa ɛyaa kaawɛ cabɩ yem nɛ paamaɣna ɛyaa 1 600 nɛ pɩnaɣ1950 lɛ patalɩ ɛyaa 202 000, piyele pɩnaɣ1960 lɛ paawɛ 4443 000; pɩnzɩ 1970 taa kɛ peeɖe ɛyaa talɩ miliyɔɔ nɛ paawɛ 1 070 000; pɩnaɣ 2000 taa lɛ pakalɩ ɛyaa lɛ pɛkpɛnda 5 414 000 nɛ pɩnaɣ 2010 taa lɛ pɛwɛ 8 415 000.
Kinsasa tɛtʊ nɛ ajɛya naayɛ taa tɛtʊ natʊyʊ kpɛndɩɣ nɛ tɩlakɩ tʊma kʊɖʊma nɛ a-taa kɔyɔ: Pirazavili (Kɔŋgo), Prukisɛɛlɩ (Pɛliziki), Taakarɩ (Senegaalɩ), Teeraŋ (Iranɩ), Utirɛstɩ (Peyibaa). Payaɣ Kinsasa tɛtʊ yɔɔ cɔnɩyʊ se André Kimbuta Yango.


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Patrice Lumumba
Palʋla Patrice Émery Lumumba hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ naalɛ ñɩŋʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1925 Onalua tɛtʋ taa. Onalua tɛtʋ kɛ Kɔŋgo Pɛlɩjɩ (Congo Belge) ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʋ natʋyʋ. Patrice Lumumba wona sɔsaa mulum kɔlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ hiu nɛ lʋbɛ (17) ñɩŋʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1961 taa. Patrice Lumumba tasɩ ɛ-sɩm kɩsɩbʋ, ɛlɛ, pakʋ-ɩ kʋkʋʋ.
Katanga tɛtʋ taa, village ŋgʋ kɩñɔtɩna Mwadingusha egetiye kpam yɔ, kɩ-taa pakʋ-ɩ.
Patrice Lumumba kɛkɛ Kɔŋgoo Pɛlɩjɩ ɛjaɖɛ kewiyaɣ nɔɔyɔɔ tʋ kpaɣ mɩsɩkʋm fenaɣ nɛ puwolo pɩsɩɩna salaŋ fenaɣ, pɩnaɣ 1960 ñɩŋa taa. Ɛ nɛ sɔsɔ weyi payaɣ se Joseph Kasa-Vubu yɔ, palakaɣna tʋmɩyɛ. Ɖajaa Joseph Kasa-Vubu kɛ Kɔŋgoo Pɛlɩjɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa sɔsaa mba palʋba siŋŋ nɛ ɛjaɖɛ ńɖɩ, ɖɩlɩɩ ɖi-yomiye taa yɔ, pa-taa lɛlʋ.
Patrice Lumumba pasɩma Kɔŋgoo Pɛlɩjɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa se ɛnʋ kɛŋna kalalaɣ waɖʋ ɛjaɖɛ ńɖɩ ɖɩ-tɩ yɔɔ wɛʋ lʋbʋ nʋmɔʋ taa.
Ɛ-tɛ sukuli labʋ nɛ ɛ-tʋmɩyɛÑɔɔzɩ
Patrice Lumumba laba anasaayɩ naa Katoliki sukuli ɛtɛ. Ɛlakaɣ tʋmɩyɛ siŋŋ e-sukuli taa. Ɛlaba ɖɔɖɔ Prɩmaanɩ waa sukuli. Prɩmaanɩ waa sukuli ŋ́gʋ, Suweduwaa ɛjaɖɛ taa ɛyaa tʋlɩna-kʋ Kɔŋgoo Pɛlɩjɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa.
Pɛlɩjɩ ɛjaɖɛ kacaɣna Kɔŋgoo ɛjaɖɛ ñʋʋ yɔɔ, pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se, Pɛlɩjɩ ɛjaɖɛ ñazaɣna Kɔŋgoo ɛjaɖɛ taa ñɩma. Pɛlɩjɩ ɛjaɖɛ ńɖɩ, ɖɩtaɖʋ nesi siŋŋ se sukuli labʋ ɛɖɛɛna ɛsɩndaa camɩyɛ Kɔŋgoo ɛjaɖɛ taa, halɩ pʋkɔɔ pɩtalɩ pɩnaɣ 1954 ñɩŋa taa. Anasaayɩ naa Katoliki sukuli naa ɖeke kakɩlɩna wɛʋ.
Pɩnaɣ 1954 taa Kɔŋgoo ɛjaɖɛ taa sukuli wɩlɩyaa nabɛyɛ ɖʋ ŋgbɛyɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ ŋgbɛyɛ ńɖɩ, ɖɩlʋkɩ se sukuli labʋ ɛɖɛɛna ɛsɩndaa Kɔŋgoo Pɛlɩjɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛlɛ, patawɩlɩɣ sukulipiya se sɩɩkɔɔ sɩpɩsɩ lɔŋsɩnɖaa sɔsaa kɛ cee yɔɔ, pɛkpɛlɛkaɣ-sɩ nesi tɛɛ tʋma labʋ siŋŋ kɛna. Ɛlɛ, Patrice Lumumba ñɛcɛyɩ ɛ-tɩ kpem nɛ ɛla caanaʋ tɔm sukuli.


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Kondoloko
Kondoloko kɛna nʊmɔʊ ŋgʊ paɖʊʊ-kʊ se kɩta tomiye kɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ lɩm cɛba yɔ. pɩpɩzʊ pɩkɛna lɔɔʊ, pɔɔ, kɩmalakʊ, pɔlɔkʊ yaa lɩm lɔɔʊ nakʊyʊ. Kondolokona wazʊ ɛyaa nɛ pacaɣ cɛɛceɛnaa, kpokpkonaa yaa lɔɔɖa kɔyɔ pɛtɛzɩ. Yee pɩkɛ lɩm maɣmaɣ kɛ pacaɣ se pikpe kɔyɔ, papɩzʊ paɖʊ ɖɔɖɔ pɩ-tɛ kondoloko. Kondolokonaa nabayɩ wɛɛ lɛ, paɖʊ-wɛ se tɛtɛkpɩna ɩtɩŋ nɛ atɛzɩ lɩm nɛ pɩtaakpaɣ-yɛ.
Paamaɣ kondolokonaa yem. Pʊpɔzʊ tɩlɩtʊ nɛ lɔnzɩɖɛ sakɩyɛ. Kondolokonaa maʊ wɛ ndɩ ndɩ nɛ pɩlɩʊna wondu ndʊ pakpakʊna se pamana-kʊ yɔ. Pɩwɛɛ se pɩkɛna ñɩɣtʊ ɖɔŋ ñɩndʊ nɛ kaaŋ ɖoŋ ñɩna nɛ peetɔŋ. Ɛlɛ ñɩnɩya lɩza wondu kɩfatʊ sakɩyɛ ndʊ papɩzʊ pamana kondolokona fɩfama mba pɛ ɖoŋ camɩyɛ nɛ papɩzʊ peleɖi pɩŋŋŋ yɔ.
Kondolokona wɛ ndɩ ndɩ nɛ papɩzʊ pɛkpɛndɩ-ɩ tindima kagbanzɩ taa: kondolokonaa mba pɛwɛ tʊndʊndʊ kiɖe tɩyɛ yɔ, kpazandɩla kondolokonaa, kondolokonaa nabɩyɛ wɛ ɛzɩ tɔŋ yɔ, nɩyɛ wɛ cɛlɛsɛɛɛ nɛ kpaagbaa ñɩŋ lɛ, ɩwɛ ɛzɩ esusa ɛsɔtaa yɔ, ɛlɛ tilima yaa ɖaŋ kɛ pɛlabɩna-ɩ. Kondoloko ŋgʊ kɩkɩla ɖaalʊ yɔ, kɩtaŋ Hɔŋkɔŋgɩ nɛ Makao nɛ Siini. Kɩ-ɖaalakɩŋ taa wɛ kilomɛtanaa 55 nɛ kaɖaɖa ñɩɣla wena pakpaɣ yɔ akpɛnda tɔɔnɩnaa 420 000.


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Prɔmɛtɩyɔm
Prɔmɛtɩyɔm kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 61 nɛ yʊsaɣ ñɩŋa yɔ Pm. Ɛ nɛ tɛkɩnɩsɩyɔm, ɛkɛ pʊtʊ naa naalɛ taa nɔyʊ mba pɛfɛyɩ yuŋ ɛzɩ pɩsɩmʊtɩ, mba pɛfɛyɩna ɖiɣɖiɣ agbele naa. Pʊtʊ ɛnʊ ɛwɛ cazʊ cazʊ ɛjaɖɛ taa.
Pʊtʊ ɛnʊ ɛ-hɩɖɛ lɩna prométhée, pɩkɛ krɛkɩ pɔpɔtʊ tɔm kɩɖalatʊ natʊyʊ ndʊ pɔtɔŋ se tɩmɩla miŋ kɛ Ɛsɔ naa cɔlɔ. Paalakɩ-ɩ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ naɖɩyɛ pɩtasɩna mʊntʊsɩŋ tʊmɩyɛ pɩlɩna ɛ-tɛ cɛkasɩ tɔʊʊ yɔɔ. Palaba-ɩ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ ɛzɩ pʊtʊ weyi ɛkɛ fefeku pɩyʊ kɛ Systems Nuclear Auxiliary Powers nɔmɔʊ taa nɛ ɖɔɖɔ palabɩ-ɩ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ ñamɩyɛ sɛzɩyʊ ɖeɖe.
Bohuslav Brauner kaayɔɔda prɔmɩtɩyɔm wɛʊ tɔm ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1902. Ɛlakaɣa tʊmɩyɛ kɛtɛɖaɣ tɛtʊ naa yɔɔ se ɛpazɩ ɛtɩlɩ tɩ-wɛtʊ piŋ lɛ, ɛna tʊkaɣ sɔsɔ nakayɛ nɛyɔdɩmɩ nɛ samarɩyɔm hɛkʊ taa kakɩlɩ lantanɩdɩ pʊtʊnaa lalaa mba paañɔtɩna kpɛyɛ yɔ. Pɩ-tɛ ɖoziye tɔm ndʊ Henry Moseley tasɩ sazʊʊ tɩ-yɔɔ pɩnaɣ 1914, ɛnʊ weyi pʊtʊnaa caɣyɛ kpɛlɛkʊʊ nɔmɔʊ taa lɛ ɛna se pʊtʊ nɔyʊ taafɛyɩna ñʊʊ mayaɣ 61.
Posusa kajalaɣ natʊ takayaɣ lɛ Italii ɛyaa labɩna tʊmɩyɛ nɖɩ mba yɔ Luigi Rolla nɛ Florence Fernande tɛ Lorenzo. Ɛtɛma tʊʊ tɩdɩm ñɩmɩŋ lɩm mbʊ kɩkɛ Preesiili tɛ monasiti yɔ pɩtɩŋna ɖɔmpɩyɛ kɩmaŋ tɛyʊʊ yɔɔ, mbʊ lɛ ɛna lɩm nabʊyʊ pɩ-taa nɛ samarɩyɔm. Lɩm mbʊ pɩcɛlɛ mʊntʊsʊʊ cɛŋga X ŋga kɛkɛ samarɩyɔm ñɩŋa nɛ 61 pʊtʊ yɔ.
Pɩsa nɛ pʊɖʊ hɩɖɛ pɛ-tɛ tɛtʊ lɛ, paya pʊtʊ 61 ɛnʊ se flɔrɛnsɩyɔm. Ɖɔɖɔ pɩkɔma pɩnaɣ 1926 wɛɛ taa lɛ, lɛɣtʊ tɩnaa nabayɛ kɛ Illinois sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩwɛ Urbana-Champaign tɛtʊ taa yɔ, Smith Hopkins nɛ Len Yntema posusi pʊtʊ 61 natʊ tɔm. Paya-ɩ se ɩlɩnɩyɔm pɩlɩna pɛ-tɛ sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ hɩɖɛ yɔɔ.


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Anɩza kʊdɔŋ
Anɩza kʊdɔŋ kɛ kʊdɔŋ kɩɖɛɖɛʊ ɛyʊ lotu taa. Kudɔŋ ŋgʊ kʊdɔm wɛ kiɖi kiɖi yaa pɩwɛ ɖoŋ. Kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ pasɩma-kʊ nɛ mbʊ yɔ se pɩlakɩŋ pɩndʊ nɩɣʊ ɖoŋ ɖoŋ nɛ pɩwɛ kahʊyaa tɩyɛ nɛ pɩkpɛndɩna calɩm nɛ mʊʊna nɛ pɩwɩɣ ɛyʊ lotu kpɩŋ kpɩŋ. Ɛbɛ cɔlɔ kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ kɩlɩna, nabʊyʊ taa ɛyʊ ɛtɔɔ tɔɔnaɣ nakɛyɛ nɛ ka-taa ɛwɛ pɩyʊʊ mbʊ ɛyʊ loyuu tɔsɔɔlɩ kɔyɔ pɔkɔŋna kʊɖɔŋ ŋgʊ ɛ-tɔɔnʊ taa.
Keeke taa lɛ, anɩza kʊdɔŋ wɛ tindime naalɛ. Kajalaɣ lɛ, ŋñɩɩ cɛkaɣ anɩza kʊdɔŋ. Tɔbʊʊ se ŋñɩɩ cɩkaɣ tɩna kɩ-tɛ paɣzɩɣ. Naalɛ ŋgʊ lɛ, lɩm taa kɩɖalʊʊ kɩlɛzɩyʊ ɛlɛ ɖɩpɩzɩɣ ɖɩyaa se amibi. Ɛlɛ tɩna kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ kɩ-tɛ paɣzɩɣ ɛyʊ tomnaɣ taa.
Pɩwɛ kaɖɛ se ɛyʊ ɛtɩlɩ kʊdɔmɩŋ ɖoŋ ɖoŋ ñɩŋ weyi paayɔda ɛ-dɔm yɔ canaʊ taa se ɛkɛ ɖeɖe nɛ sɔnɔ taa kʊdɔmɩŋ. Ɛlɛ yɔɔdasɩ sakɩyɛ taa kajalaɣ yɔɔdaɣ nakɛyɛ tɔŋ se anɩza kʊdɔmɩŋ sɔsɔŋ kaakɛ weyi Tour tɛ Grégoire kaayɔɔda ɛ-tɔm yɔ. Ɛ-nʊ yebina nɛ patɩlɩ se kʊdɔŋ kɩɖɛʊ siŋ kpaɣɖʊ 6 alɩwaatʊ taa nɛ ɛ-cɔlɔ lɛ kɩkpa wiyaʊ Chipéric Kajalaɣ tʊ nɛ ɛ-pɩyalaa naalɛ. Tɩnʊʊ nɛ kajalaɣ pɩɣa Chlodebert. Piyaa mba pa-naalɛ pasɩna-kʊ nɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ Gaule tɛ piyaa yɔ.
Paayɔɔda anɩza naayɛ tɔm Ɛsɔ tɔm takayaɣ taa se Paul kiɖeɖeʊ wazaɣ nɛ hama lakasɩ kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ kɛ ɛ-caa nɔyʊ tɛ ɖɩɣa taa. Ɖɩnaɣ tɔm ndʊ apostolo waa tʊma labʊ takayaɣ ñʊŋ 28 nɛ cɛcɛsɩ 8 taa. Cɛcɛ ɛ-nʊ ɛɛhɩna nɛ niikaɣ sɔsɔ nakɛyɛ sʊ-ɩ nɛ pɩtamna anɩza. Paul sʊ ɛ-ɖɩɣa taa nɛ ɛla atɩma, ɛkpazɩ e-nesi ɛ-yɔɔ nɛ ɛwayɩ-ɩ ɛ-kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ.
Anɩza wena alɩna ŋñɩɩ cɩkaɣ cɔlɔ yɔ kɩpɩzɩɣ kɩwa paa podowona ɛyʊ ɖɔkɔtɔ taa kɔyɔ. Pɩtɛ wazaɣ ŋga kɩlɩna ɖeu mbʊ pʊyɔ yɔ kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ kɩtakɩlɩ ɖoŋ ɛlɛ kɩɖɛʊ ɛyaa kpem. Kɩ-tɛ lɩɣna ɖama wondu tukunaʊ cɔlɔ ɛzɩ wondu suu nɛ nɔnɔsɩ ɖɩtʊlɩyɛ ɖɩɖɔkɩyɛ taa nɛ lɩm naa ɖɩsɔyɛ taa. Ɖɔkɔtɔ tɛ kɔɔ pɩzɩɣ pɩwɛna wazaɣ piŋ ɖɔɖɔ.
Pɩpɩzɩɣ pɩkɛ kɩjɛʊ se pasɩ kʊdɔŋ tʊ kɛ ɖɔkɔtɔ kuduyuu taa kɛ ɖɔkɔtɔ naa cɔlɔ. Lɩm taa kɩɖalʊʊ kɩlɛzɩyʊ weyi ɖɩyaɣ-ɩ se amibi yɔ ɛlɛ anɩza kʊdɔŋ tɩŋgɩna lɩm mbʊ ɛwɛ pɩ-taa yɔ nɛ ɛkpa ɛyʊ. Kɔzɩ kɔzɩ nɔmɔŋ woɖaa.


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Siipitɛɛrɩ
Siipitɛɛrɩ (kɩɖaʊ: ) kɛna wɩsɩ cɔɔʊ taŋgalam tɩyɩŋga ŋga ka-taa nɛ heɣlɩmaɣ yɔ. Tɩyɩŋga kanɛ ŋga kɩlɩna paɣlʊʊ wɩsɩ cɔɔʊ taŋgalam tɩyɩnzɩ kpeekpe, ŋga kɩlɩna ɖɔɖɔ yʊŋ hɩlɩmaɣ paa pɩkpɛndɩ tɩyɩnzɩ kpeekpe kɔyɔ. Wɩsɩ posɩnau lɛ, Siipitɛɛrɩ kɛŋna kagbanzɩ nga nɛ kɛ-ɛsɩnda kɔyɔ: Mɛɛrkiiri, Feeniisɩ, Tɛtʊ nɛ Maarɩsɩ. Room Siipɩtɛɛrɩ ɛsɔ cɔlɔ lɛ, Fransɩ taa yaa Aŋgilisi taa payaɣ Siipitɛɛrɩ se Seesi ɛsɔ.
Cɩkpɛndɩɣ ɛwɛ ɛsɔtaa sɩŋŋŋ panaɣ wɩsɩ cɔɔʊ taŋgalam tɩyɩŋga kanɛ nɛ ɛsa pee nɛ ŋga yɔ nanza ŋga ɛsɔtaa tɩyɩnzɩ kpeekpe taa; kɛ-ɛsɩntaa kɔyɔ: Wisɩ, Fenaɣ, nɛ Feeniisɩ. Nabʊyʊ taa lɛ wɩsɩ cɔɔʊ taŋgalam tɩyɩŋga Maarɩsɩ naɣ kpaɩkpaɩ nɛ pɩkɩlɩ Tɩyɩŋga kanɛ nɛ ɖoŋɖoŋ taa lɛ wɩsɩ cɔɔʊ taŋgalam tɩyɩŋga Siipitɛɛrɩ tʊʊ keleŋgele nɛ pɩkɩlɩ Feniisɩ.
Ɛzɩ wɩsɩ cɔɔʊ taŋgalam tɩyɩnzɩ lɛɛsɩ nzɩ sɩ-taa nɛ heɣlimaɣ yɔ, Siipitɛɛrɩ taa nɛ heɣlɩm hoɖe mbʊ wɛ wɛ peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ nɛ heɣlim mbʊ pɩɖɛʊ taa pɩzɩɣ pɩtalɩ kilomɛtanaa 600 kɛ ñɩɣyʊ kʊɖʊmʊʊ yɔɔ. Pɩnzɩ mɩnɩʊ nɛhiu nɛ lʊbɛ taa pana mayaɣ kɩsɛɛmaɣ nakɛyɛ kɛ tɩyɩnga ŋga kɔyɔɔ nɛ mayaɣ ŋga kakɩla wɩsɩ cɔɔʊ taŋgalam tɩyɩŋga Tɛtʊ kɛpaɣlʊ tam naputozo.
Mayaɣ ŋga kɛkena heɣlim sɔsɔm nbʊyʊ. Wɩsɩ cɔɔʊ taŋgalam tɩyɩŋga Siipitɛɛrɩ wɛna tɩyɩnzɩ kɩmalasɩ cikpesi nɛ sɩ-taa kɔyɔ Galillée fenasi nanza ñɩnzɩ: Iyo, Erɔpɩ, Kanimɛɛdɩ nɛ Kalisitoo. Tɩyɩnzɩ kɩmalasɩ sɩnɛ Galillée na-sɩ pɩnaɣ 1610 taa pɩlɩna ɛ-tɛ ɛsañɩnɩŋ weyi ɛmaɣmaɣ eluba yɔ.


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Pʊtɔma kalʊʊ
Pʊtɔma kalʊʊ, tɔmpiye nɖɩ ɖɩwɛna tɔbɩŋ nɩɣ ndɩ ndɩ, tɔm kɛdʊʊ-ɖʊ se ɖɩlɩna latɛŋ kʊnʊŋ tɛ kɛnɛ probabilitas, kɛlɛ ɛha siɣye nɛ tɔmpiye ndɩ ɖɩɖɩ paya-ɖɩ se tovonum yɔ, pɩkɛ kpeɣʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ. Kpeɣʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩpɩsɩ piliŋa sɔsɔ nakayɛ kɛ tʊʊzʊʊ hɔɔlʊʊ taa kɛlɛ paya se kpeɣʊʊ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ.
Wɛɛ kpeɣʊʊ tɔm kɛ ñʊʊ siŋ ŋgʊ kɩwɛ kpaɣ 0 ŋtalɩ 1. Yee ñʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩkpaɣla, mbʊ ɖɔɖɔ ɖʊzɩm pɩzɩɣ kɩpaɣlɩ yaa ñʊʊ leleŋ ɖɔʊ, nɛ mbʊ ɖɔɖɔ wɛɛ paɣlʊʊ. Akpeɣ tʊmɩyɛ ɖɩtatɩɩ leɖɩta tʊʊzʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ tɩnaa cɔlɔ. Kpeɣʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩpaɣlɩ lɔŋ lɔŋ kpaɣ kpaɣɖʊ 18 wɛɛ taa pɩtɩŋna yem kpɛlɛkɩtʊ yɔɔ kɔzɩ kɔzɩ putoyidaa aleɣya yɔɔ. Mbʊ yebina nɛ tʊʊzʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ tɩnaa ka ñʊʊ piŋ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-yɔɔ kɛlɛ pɩkɔɔ pɩwazɩɣ hɔɔlɩŋ lɛɛŋ ndɩ ndɩ taa ɛzɩ ɛsɔkaɣ taa ɖɔnɛ kpɛlɛkʊʊ, liidiye hɔɔlʊʊ taa yaa kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ hɔɔlʊʊ.
Ɖʊzʊʊ tɔmʊʊ lɩwa, kajalaɣ kɛ kpɛɣʊʊ kpɛlɛkɩtʊ ɖeɖe lɛ, ɖɩlɩ kpaɣɖʊ 12 wɛɛ taa, se pɩsa nɛ patakɩ tadɩyɛ nɩnaʊ tɔm nɛ Pierre Jean Olivi nɩnaʊ tɔm, nɛ ɖɩpaɣlɩ kpaɣɖʊ 16, alɩwaatʊ ndʊ pekpeɣli nesi ñɩɣ takayasɩ kpeekpe pɩlɩna teŋuu nɔɔ tɔm yɔɔ. Maɣzɩm cikpem nabʊyʊ pɩlɩna Girolamo Cardano yɔɔ kpaɣ kpaɣɖʊ 16 wɛɛ taa, nɛ Galilée kpaɣɖʊ 17, keekee tɛ kpaɣʊʊ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ tɔm lɩ kpaɣ Pierre de Fermat nɛ Blaise Pascal pɛ-ɛgbaɣdɩyɛ alɩwaatʊ ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1654.
Pɩkɔma kpaɣɖʊ 17 hɛkʊ naalɛ ŋgʊ wɛɛ taa pɩlɩna Blaise Pascal, Pierre Fermat ñɩnʊ nɛ Christian Huygens tʊma yɔɔ pɩlɩna pɩfɛyɩ camɩyɛ hɔɔlɩŋ tɔm labɩtʊ yɔɔ kɛ pʊtɔma kalʊʊ tɔmpiye ñɔɔ pazɩ pazɩ wobu yɔɔ, nɛ ɖɔɖɔ tʊʊzʊʊ ɛsɩndaa wobu yɔɔ kɛ pʊtʊ yɔɔ pɩtɩŋna Jacob Bernouilli yɔɔ. Kpaɣɖʊ 18 lɛ Gabriel Cramer wɩlɩ tɔm natʊyʊ pɩlɩna cɔlɩyɛ pʊtɔma kalʊʊ nɛ tɩpɩsɩ kiɖe Diderot ɛsakuliye takayaɣ cɔlɔ, pama-kɛ kpaɣɖʊ kʊyʊmʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-tɛ tɛmtʊ alɩwaatʊ taa.
Haŋ tɛɛ kpazɩyʊ sɔsɔ kɔyɔ Pascal, kɛlɛ Christian Huygens susi De ratiociniis in ludo aleae tɔm (pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se mɩkaɣ yɔɔ tʊmɩyɛ labʊ) pɩnaɣ 1657. Takayaɣ kɩkalaɣ ŋga kiɖe piŋ kɛ pʊtɔma kalʊʊ ɖeɖe.


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Francis Drake
Francis Drake kɛ Aŋgɩlɩtɛɛrɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa ɛyʊ. Palʋla-ɩ pɩnaɣ 1540 ñɩŋga taa mbʋ yɔ. Palʋla-ɩ Tavistɔki tɛtʋ taa nɛ ɛsɩ kɔlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ nɛɛlɛ ñɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1596 ñɩnga taa. Francis Drake ɛnɛ, ɛkɛ hɔzɩŋ nɛ mɛlɛnaa sayʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ. Ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ, ajɛya ndɩ ndɩ taa cɔyʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ siŋŋ nɛ ewokina ɛsɩyɛ egbena ajɛya ndɩ ndɩ taa.
Francis Drake lʋba siŋŋ se kedeŋga kpeekpe yɔɔ ajɛya ɛlɩɩ a-yomiye taa nɛ paa ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ lɛ, ɖɩwɛɛ ɖɩ-tɩ yɔɔ. Ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ politiki laɖʋ nɛ manzʊ malɩ ɛyʊ sɔsɔ ɛ-ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛcɔ tɛtʋ ilemiye nɛ mɛlɛ pɩnzɩ 1577 nɛ 1580 ñɩnzɩ taa. Francis Drake caa kɛkɛ wiyaʋ nɛ e-ɖoo ñɛkɛ abiɖe nɛ payaɣ-ɩ se. Mary Mylwaye. Payaɣ ɛ-halʊ se Elizabeth Sydenham. Anɩza kʋdɔŋ kpana Francis Drake nɛ ɛsɩbɩna-kʋ kɔlaɣ fenaɣ taa pɩnaɣ 1596.


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Antarɩtiki tɛtʋ wandamm
Kedeŋa kpeekpe tɛtʋ wandamm waa tɩŋa payɩ taa lɛ, Antarɩtiki tɛtʋ wandamm kɩlɩna wɛʋ nɛ hadɛ kiŋ. Ɔsɩtralɩ (Austral) lɩŋamʋʋ cɔ Antarɩtiki tɛtʋ wandamm nɛ pɩta. Ross teŋu nɛ Weddell teŋu pɛwɛ ɖɔɖɔ Antarɩtiki tɛtʋ wandamm taa.
Antarɩtiki tɛtʋ wandamm tɛ walanzɩ kɛ miiliyɔɔ waa hiu nɛ naanza. Aazii tɛtʋ wandamm nɛ Afrɩka tɛtʋ wandamm nɛ Amerika tɛtʋ wandamm pakɩlɩ walʋʋ Antarɩtiki tɛtʋ wandamm, Ɛlɛ, Antarɩtiki tɛtʋ wandamm kɩlɩ walʋʋ Eerɔpʋ tɛtʋ wandamm nɛ Oseyaɣ tɛtʋ wandamm.
Ɖompe sɔsɔna huuzi Antarɩtiki tɛtʋ wandamm yɔɔ. Yee pɛtɛyɩ Antarɩtiki tɛtʋ wandamm hɔɔlɩŋ mɩnʋʋ kɔyɔ, ɖompe huuzi hɔɔlɩŋ nɩɩnʋwa nɛ hiŋ naanza nɛ lutozo yɔɔ. Ɖompe ana, a-walanzɩ talɩ kilomɛtɛnaa 1,6 mbʋ yɔ.
Mbʋ yebina nɛ patapɩzɩda patɩlɩ camɩyɛ ɛzɩma Antarɩtiki tɛtʋ wandamm tɛtɛɛ wɛɛ yɔ. Ɛlɛ, ɖompe ana, aɖɔŋ ñɔlʋʋ pazɩ pazɩ nɛ pɩnaɣ pʋŋ nɩɩyɛ ɛzɩ Gamburtsev pʋʋ mbʋ yɔ.
Kedeŋa kpeekpe tɛtʋ wandamm waa tɩŋa payɩ taa lɛ, Antarɩtiki tɛtʋ wandamm taa niikaɣ kɩlaa. Tɩ-taa ɖɔɖɔ heelim kɩlɩɣ mabʋ. Tɩ-taa ɖɔɖɔ wɩlɩŋ kɩlɩɣ kpaʋ. Tɛʋ ɛɛnɩɣ tɛtʋ wandamm ndʋ tɩ-taa sakɩyɛ. Yee pamaɣzɩ pɩnaɣ mpilim taa tɛʋ lɩm mbʋ pitiba Antarɩtiki tɛtʋ wandamm taa kɔyɔ, pɩkɛɣ miiliimɛta naa 200 ɖeke. Antarɩtiki tɛtʋ wandamm hɛkʋ taa kañɩmpusuu kɩlɩ walʋʋ kedeŋa kpeekpe yɔɔ cɩnɛ.
Ɛyaa nabɛyɛ fɛyɩ Antarɩtiki tɛtʋ wandamm taa se pɛ-tɛ lɛ peeye. Ɛlɛ, ɛyaa pɩzɩɣ powoki nɛ papɩzɩɣ pɛ-tɛ pɛ-tɛ. Tɛtɛ kpɩna wena niikaɣ nɛ cɩkpɛndʋʋ pamalɩna-yɛ yɔ, a-ɖeke apɩzɩɣna nɛ acaɣ wezuu Antarɩtiki tɛtʋ wandamm taa. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se, tɛtɛ kpɩna ana, apɩzɩɣ ɖɔɖɔ acaɣ wezuu wɩlɩŋ tɛtʋ taa. Tɩŋ nɩɩyɛ ɖɔɖɔ pɩzɩna ɛwɛɛ Antarɩtiki tɛtʋ wandamm taa.
Tɛtɛ kpɩna wena apɩzɩɣ acaɣ wezuu Antarɩtiki tɛtʋ wandamm taa yɔ, a-hɩla yɔ : tɛtɛ kpɩna wena payaɣ se manchots waa nɛ phoques waa nɛ crustacés waa nɛ mousses waa nɛ lichens waa yɔ nɛ kpakpasɩ.
Pɩnaɣ 1820 taa pacalɩ naʋ Antarɩtiki tɛtʋ wandamm. Ɖajanaa panɛ, Mikhaïl Lazarev nɛ Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen pacalɩna tɩ-yɔɔ lɩʋ. Ɖajanaa ḿba, pɛkɛ Ruusi ɛjaɖɛ taa ñɩma.
Palɩ Antarɩtiki tɛtʋ wandamm yɔɔ, ɛlɛ, tɩfɛyɩ ɛyaa wazaɣ caaa. Mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ, wezuu caɣʋ wɛ kaɖɛ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ, halɩ ɛyʋ ɛɛtɩɩpɩzɩɣ ɛcaɣ wezuu tɩ-taa.


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Wasɩŋtɔŋ DC
Wasɩŋtɔŋ DC kɛna Etaazuunii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ. Pɩsa nɛ tʊkaɣ wɛɛ Wasɩŋtɔŋ DC kʊnɛ ŋgʊ kɩkɛ Etaazuunii tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ yɔ nɛ Wasɩŋtɔŋ ŋgʊ kɩkɛ Amerika taa ɛjaɖɛ yɔ lɛ, payaɣ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ tʊnɛ se Wasɩŋtɔŋ DC egeetiye. Pɩnaɣ 2019 taa pakala kɩgalʊ lɛ, pana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 705 749 yɔ kɛ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-taa ɛlɛ tɩ-hɛkʊ taa ɖeyi ɖeyi. Pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se ɛyaa ɛzɩ 3 987 yɔ wɛ kilomɛta kpata kʊɖʊmʊʊ taa. Piyele tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ ndʊ tɩtɩŋa tɩ-taa ɛyaa kpɛnda miliyɔŋnaa 6,2. Etazuni ɛjaɖɛ taa lɛ, ɛyaa ɖɔʊ taa lɛ, tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ tʊnɛ tɩkɛŋna loɖo ñɩndʊ ɛlɛ nɖʊ tʊtʊ taa ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ yɔ tɩ-taa kɔyɔ: Husitoni nɛ Miyami.
Ɖenɖe Wasɩŋtɔŋ DC kɛna Etaazuunii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ yɔ lɛ, tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ tʊnɛ tɩfɛyɩ tɛtʊ cikpetu 50 ndʊ tɩkpɛnda nɛ tilakɩ Etaazuuniiu yɔ. Tɩ-tɛ paɣtʊ yaa politiki lɩɣna ajɛya ana a-ñʊŋ tɩna kedizsi yɔɔ. Pɩlɩɩna ɛzɩma tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-yɔɔ huuzuu yaa kandʊ paɣtʊ takayɩsɩ wɛɛ lɛ, pɩɩhaɣ ɖɩ-samaɣ nakayɩ waɖɛ se ɖɩlɩzɩ ɖɩ-yɔɔ kandɩyʊ nɔɔyʊ yaa ɖɩwɛɛna ɖɩ-ɖɔnɛ paɣtʊ takayɩxsɩ ɖɩtaa ɖiyeke. Wasɩŋtɔŋ DC kɛna loniye sɔsɔyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa Amerika nɛ ajɛya ndɩ ndɩ tʊma sɔsɔna sɔsɔna wɛɛ yɔ. Peeɖe Kewiyaɣ ñʊʊtʊ ɖaɣ ŋga payaɣ-kɛ se Ɖaɣ Kʊhʊlʊmaɣ yɔ, kɛwɛɛ, pitasɩna tɔm hʊʊ kpaaŋ sɔsɔʊ.
Peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ panaɣ paɣtʊ lɩzɩyaa nɛ ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊtʊ paɖɩcaɣyɛ wɛɛ. Keteŋga kpeekpe liidɩye koozaɣ ŋga payuaɣ Baŋkɩ Mɔndiyalɩ yɔ nɛ ajɛya kpɛndʊ liidiya koozaɣ ŋga payaɣ kaka se FMI yɔ sɩwɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ. Pɩtɛ piɖeke ɛlɛ tʊma sɔsɔna nɛ peeɖe ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊ kediizasi kpaamɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ wɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ. Peeɖe kɛ pama ajɛya ndɩ ndɩ lona taa caɣya ɖamɩŋ nɛ ɛtala ɛzɩ 176 yɔ. Palɩza Wasɩŋtɔŋ DC se kɩkɛna Etaazuunii tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ kɛ kediizaɣ sɔsɔɣa nakakɩyɛ ɖeɖe kɛ pɩnaɣ 1790. Pɩɩkɛna kediizaɣ ŋga ka-taa pɩɩwɛɛ se palɩzɩ tɛtʊ natʊyʊ se ndʊ ɛkɛŋna Etaazuunii ajɛya kpeekpe tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ nɛ peeɖe kewiyaɣ ɖicaɣyɛ. Pɩla mbʊ nɛ kɔlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 24 wiye pɩnaɣ 1791 ɛlɛ pala sɔnzɩ sɔsɔsɩ nɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩpɩsɩ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ. Pɩɩkɛna hɩɖɛ ɖʊʊ kɛ Etaazuunii ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊtʊ kacalaɣ ñɩnʊ weyi payawaɣ-ɩ se George Washington yɔ. Wasɩŋtɔŋ DC malɩka ñʊʊtʊ payaɣ se Mauriel Bowser nɛ palɩza-ɩ kɔlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ naalɛ ŋgʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 2015.


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Arthur Rimbaud
Palʊla Jean-Nicolas-Arthur Rimbaud kɛ aloma fenaɣ kɩyakʊ nɛɛlɛ ŋgʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 1854 Sarviilii tɛtʊ taa, Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ ɛsɩ Marsɛyiyɛ ñɩ̀ndʊ taa ɛjaɖɛ kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa kamɩŋ fenaɣ hiu wiye pɩnaɣ 1891 ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 37.
Ɛwɛna hɩla ndɩ ndɩ: kacalaɣ taa lɛ Arthur Rimbaud, pʊwayɩ lɛ Jean Baudry nɛ lɛɛɖɛ kɔyɔ Alcide Bava. Arthur tɛkɛ ɛyʊ cikpelu: kɔɔnaɣ lɛ ɛkɛ keɣsi mayʊ, pʊwayɩ lɛ ɛkɛ ɛyʊ weyi ɛcɔʊ ajɛya lɛɛna taa se ɛtakɩyɛ yɔ, ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ weyi ɛlakɩ tadɩyɛ sɔsɔyɛ yɔ nɛ ɛpɛdʊ kɔfɩ ɖɔɖɔ.
Paa eteleɖi ɛjaɖɛ yɔɔ kɔyɔ Arthur Rimbaud ma takayaɣ sɔsɔɣa ŋga yɔ, kɔ-yɔɔ lɛ ɛwɛ sɔdɩŋ sɔsɔŋ weyi ɛcala fransɩ tɔm maʊ yɔ ɩ-taa. Ɛpaɣzɩ takayaɣ maʊ lɛ ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 15. Ɛ-cɔlɔ lɛ pʊwɛɛ se keɣsi mayʊ ɛkɛ weyiɛnaɣ poliŋ yɔ. Pʊyɔɔ ɖɔɖɔ ɛsɔɔla Paul Verlaine tɔm nɛ ɛsɔɔlɩ ɛ-takayɩsɩ kalɩʊ ɖɔɖɔ. Kpaagbaa mbʊ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ eyele takayɩsɩ maʊ nɛ ɛsʊ sɩ-kalʊʊ yɔɔ nɛ ɛkpɛlɛkʊ kʊnʊmɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ.


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Kɔŋgo Kinsasa
Koŋo Kinsasa kɛna Afrikɩ nɛ hɛkʊ nɛ hɛkʊ taa ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ ajɛya wena ayɔɔdɩɣ Fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ yɔ a-taa lɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa kɛ ɛyaa kɩlɩ ɖɔʊ. Afriki taa payɩ lɛ Koŋo Kinsasa kɛna nanza ñɩnɖɛ kɛ ɛyaa samaɣ ɖɔʊ taa. Payaɣ Koŋo Kinsasa yem se Koŋo yaa Demkarasii Koŋo se paɖʊ tʊkaɣ ŋga kɛwɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɛ Koŋo Pirazaviili pɛ-hɛkʊ taa yɔ.
Kpaɣ pinzi 1908 nɛ 1960 taa lɛ payawaɣ-ɖɩ se Koŋo Pɛlɩzɩ yaa Koŋo-Lewopolidivili pikɔɔ pɩsɩna pɩnaɣ 1966. Pɩnaɣ ŋga ka-taa kɛ Kɩnsasa pɩsa ɛjaɖɛ dɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ. Pikɔma pɩtalɩ 1971 nɛ 1977 lɛ, ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ patʊʊ-ɖɩ hɩɖɛ se Sayiiri. Afriki kpeekpe taa lɛ, Alizeeri wayi lɛ Koŋo kɛna ɛjaɖɛ naalɛ ñɩnɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩkɩlɩ walɩɣ yɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩkpaɣna Atilantiki Lɩŋgamʊʊ kɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa nɛ ɖɩlɩzɩna Koŋgo Pɔɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɛ hayi kiŋ lɛ lakʊ sɔsɔʊ ɖeɖe wɛna, wɩsɩ ɖɩlyɛ taa lɛ pʊŋ nɛ piyasi ɖeɖe ñɛwɛna. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɛ hadɛ kiŋ lɛ pʊŋ weyi ɛ-ñʊŋ taa wɛ landammm yɔ nɛ tɛtɛɛ ñɩm wɛ peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ. Ɖooo wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa ɛzɩ kilomɛtanaa 40 mbʊ yɔ lɛ, ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ Atilantiki lɩŋgamʊʊ ñɛwɛna.
Kabindaa (Aŋgola ɛjaɖɛ) nɛ Koŋo Pɩrazaviili ajɛya wɛna koŋo Kinsasa nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa piyele nɛ Santirafriki ɛjaɖɛ nɛ Sudanɩ Hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ wɛna hayi kiŋ; wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ ajɛya wena awɛɛ yɔ anaa yɔ: Ugandaa, Purundi nɛ Tanzanii; pɩkazɩ Sambii nɛ Aŋola kiŋ ajɛya wɛna hadɛ kiŋ. Koŋo Kinsasa wɛ keteŋa kpeekpe ajɛya wena anɩɣ nɛ ayɔɔdɩɣ Fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ yɔ aŋgbɛyɛ taa ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1977. Fransɩɩ kɛna kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pawɩlɣ sukilinaa taa nɛ pɔyɔɔdɩɣ komina tʊmaa taa yɔ.
Fransɩɩ wayɩ lɛ, kʊnʊmɩŋ naanza nɩyɛ wɛɛ nɛ pɔyɔɔdɩɣ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa, ɛnʊ yɔ: kiKoŋo, Liŋala, Tisiluba nɛ kiSiwahilii.


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Didier Drogba
Palʋla pombo maɖʋ sɔsɔ weyi payaɣ se, Didier Drogba yɔ lakɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ hiu nɛ kʋɖʋmʋʋ (11) wiye, pɩnaɣ 1978 taa. Palʋla-ɩ Kootidiivʊwarɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa, Abijan tɛtʋ taa. Didier Drogba makɩ pombo kedeŋa kpeekpe ajɛya tɩŋa taa. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se, ɛkɛ pombo maɖʋ sɔsɔ siŋŋ. Paa ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ, ɖɩñɩnɩɣ se ɛwɛɛ ɖi-pombo maɖaa taa.
Didier Drogba paɣzɩ pombo mabʋ tʋmɩyɛ Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa pombo maɖaa tikaɣ ŋga payaɣ se « Mans Union Club 72 » yɔ, ka-taa maɖaa taa Didier Drogba paɣzɩ e-pombo mabʋ.
Paɖʋ Didier Drogba pombo maɖaa tikaɣ ŋga payaɣ se « Chelsea FC » yɔ ka-taa maɖaa taa pɩnaɣ 2004 ñɩŋa taa. Ɛkɔma ɛkɛ pombo maɖaa tikaɣ ŋ́ga ka-taa maɖaa mankpaɖaa waa taa nɔɔyʋ.
Didier Drogba mʋ pombo mabʋ nimiye kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 2011 nɛ puwolo pɩnaɣ 2012 ñɩŋa taa. Alɩwaatʋ ndʋ tɩ-taa lɛ, Didier Drogba makaɣ pombo kɛ Ɛŋglisi ɛjaɖɛ pombo maɖaa tikaɣ taa. Ɛkɔma nɛ ɛɖɛɛ lɛ, mba peseɣtiɣ pombo maɖaa tikaɣ ŋ́ga ka-taa pombo maɖaa yɔ, pakpaɣ-ɩ se, ɛnʋ kɛŋna pombo maɖaa tikaɣ ŋ́ga ka-taa pombo maɖʋ kɩkpaɖʋ tikaɣ ŋ́ga ka-taa pombo maɖaa tɩŋa taa. Pakpaɣ pombo maɖʋ sɔsɔ Didier Drogba se ɛkɛ Afrɩka ajɛya tɩŋa payɩ taa pombo maɖaa kɩkpaɖaa taa tʋ nɔɔyʋ.
Didier Drogba wɛ ɛ-ɛjaɖɛ Koti Ivʋwarɩ pombo maɖaa tikaɣ taa kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 2002 nɛ puwolo pɩsɩɩna pɩnaɣ 2014. Alɩwaatʋ ndʋ tɩ-taa, mba pɔcɔŋna nɛ pɔtɔzʋʋ nɛ palɩzɩɣ pombo maɖaa yɔ, pakpaɣ Didier Drogba se ɛkɛ Koti Ivʋwarɩ ɛjaɖɛ pombo maɖaa ñʋʋdʋ. Toovenum lɛ, Didier Drogba kɩlaɣna kpaɣla ɖʋzʋʋ pombo maɖaa tikaɣ ŋ́ga ka-taa pombo maɖaa tɩŋa payɩ taa


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Suluu kʊnʊŋ
Suluu kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ kɩ-ta lɛ, isiZulu, kɛ kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ kɩ-tɛ nɛ ŋguni ɖɩɣa taa yɔ. kɩ-ta peeɖe ɖɩnaɣ Xhona nɛ Ndebele nɛ pantuu waa kʊnʊmɩŋ. Kɩ-kɛ ɖɔɖɔ kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ kɩnɩyaa ɖɔɔ sakɩyɛ yɔ Afrika Hadɛ kiŋ yɔ.
Suluu kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ ɛyaa miiliyɔɔ waa nakʊ yɔɔdʊʊ-kʊ, pada peeɖe lɛ, ɛyaa mɩnɩʊ yɔ lɛ, hɩŋ nakʊ nɛ kɩgbanzɩ wɛ Afrika Hadɛ kiŋ. Suluu kʊnʊŋ kɛna kɩwabɩɣ Kwazulu-Natal ajɛyɛ hɔɔlʊʊ, kɩ-kɛ kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ kɩkɩlɩɣ walʊʊ Mpumalanga nɛ Gauteng ajɛyɛ hɔɔlɩŋ taa. Suluu kʊnʊŋ pakɩlɩɣ yɔɔdʊʊ Afrika nɛ Hadɛ. Kɩpɩsɩɣ ɛjaɖɛ kewiyaɣ taa kʊnʊŋ lɛɛkʊ kʊnʊmɩŋ hiʊ nɛ kʊyɔm weyi ɛkɛ kewiyaɣ kʊnʊmɩŋ mɩzasɩ tɛyʊʊ alɩwaatʊ taa yɔ Afrika nɛ Haɖɛ yɔ.
Suluu ɖɩlɩyɛ hɔɔlʊʊ wɛ sɔnɔ Tanzani egetiye taa kɛnɛ. Pɛdɛ wɛʊ Afrika nɛ haɖɛ wɩlɩɣ se ɖooo kpaɖʊ hiu nɛ naanza ŋgʊ taa pɔkɔma. Ɖɔɔɖɔ ɛzɩ Afrika nɛ Haɖɛ ɛjaɖɛ taa kʊnʊmɩŋ lɛɛŋ yɔ, Suluu kɛ-kɛ kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pɔyɔɔdɔɣ-kʊ kɩyɔɔdʊʊ yɔ nɛ nɔɔ nɛ naŋgbaŋgʊʊ yɔ pɔcɔ Eerɔpʋ tɔm kɩɖeɖetʊ heyiya talɩ. Mba mana kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ nɛ latɛŋ matʊ taa.
Kɔnaɣ takayaɣ ŋga kata pama suluu tɔm kɛ Ɛsɔ tɔm lɩzɩɣ takayaɣ kiɖeɖeɣa, kalɩɣ pɩnaɣ 1883. Pʊkɔma pɩnaɣ 1901 lɛ, John Dube ɛkɛ Suluu tʊ, ɛlɩzɩɣ Ohlange Institute (en), pɩkɛ kajalaɣ sukuli ŋgʊ kɩ-ta pawɩlaɣ Afrika nɛ Haɖɛ ɛjaɖɛ taa tɔm.
John Dube kɛ ɖɔɖɔ Insila kaChaka (1933), kajalaɣ ɖɔmɩŋ nzulumɩyɛ taa takayaɣ kɩkalaɣ ŋga pamana Suluu taa yɔ. Suluu mayʊ kajalaɣ ñɩnɩɣ lɛɛlʊ ʊnʊ lɛ, Reginald Dhlomo ɛlɛ ñakɛ canaʊ ɖɔmɩŋ takayasɩɣ kɩkalɩsɩɣ sakɩyɛ nzɩ sɩyɔdʊ Suluu ɛjaɖɛ taa awiya tɔm yɔ tɛ mayʊ kpaɖʊ hiu nɛ nakʊ taa.


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Keɖeya ñɩzɩm (l'esthétique)
Keɖeya ñɩzɩm tɛ payaɣna fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa se esthétique. Mbʊ pɩkɛ ɛstetiki wondu yɔ, pʊɖɔ sakɩyɛ. Lɛɣtʊ pɩlɩʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ se filozofii yɔ, ke-piliŋa lɛɛka lɛ keɖeya ñɩzɩm tɛ. Keɖeya ñɩzɩm tɛ piliŋa cɔŋna wondu sakɩyɛ yɔɔ filozofii pɩlɩʊ taa. Piliŋa ŋga ka-taa ñɩnɩyaa cɔŋnana ɛzɩma mbʊ ɛyʊ naɣ yaa ɛyʊ cɔŋna kedeŋa cɔnaʊ mbʊ yɔ. Ɛstetiki piliŋa cɔŋnana nɛ kanaɣ ɖɔɖɔ mbʊ pʊwɛ kajʊka siŋŋ yaa mbʊ pʊwɛ ɖeu pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ kedeŋa yɔɔ cɩnɛ yɔ.
Nesi tɛɛ tʊma ndɩ ndɩ taa ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, ɛstetiki piliŋa cɔŋnana nɛ kɔtɔzʊʊ wena akɩlɩ ɖeu kpem yɔ. Ɖooo kpaɖʊʊ XVII ñɩŋgʊ taa pakpaɣ ɛstetiki se kɩkɛ mbʊ piɖe siŋŋ yɔ pɩtɛ lɛɣtʊ piliŋa. Ɛstetiki lɛɣtʊ piliŋa kaɖɩɣna mbʊ payaɣ se nzʊlʊmɩyɛ yɔɔ leleŋ nɩʊ yɔ. Mbʊ yebina nɛ kpaɣ ɖooo kpaɖʊʊ XIX ñɩŋgʊ taa lɛ, ɛstetiki lɛɣtʊ piliŋa pɩsɩ nesi tɛɛ tʊma labʊ tɛ filozofii. Yee nesi tɛɛ tʊmlaɖʊ nɔɔyʊ ɛsaɣ sɩʊkpelaɣ nakɛyɛ nɛ ɛsɩɩ kɔyɔ, ɛyʊ cɔŋna-kɛ lɛ, peheyi-i natʊyʊ koko. Nesi tɛɛ tʊmlaɖʊ ɛɛsakɩ sɩʊ kpelaɣ nakɛyɛ yem nɛ kɛfɛyɩna tʊbʊʊ. Ɛsakɩ-kɛ pɩtɩŋna ɛ-lɩmaɣzɩyɛ naɖɩyɛ yɔɔ.
Nabʊyʊ taa kɔyɔ, nabʊyʊ ɛna samaɣ taa pɩtɛkɛdɩna-ɩ nɛ ɛsaɣ sɩʊ kpelaɣ nakɛyɛ nɛ pɩlɩɩna wɛtʊ ndʊ ɛnaa yɔ yɔ tɩ-yɔɔ. Nesi tɛɛ tʊmlaɖʊ pɩzɩɣ ɛna nabʊyʊ yaa ɛna natʊyʊ samaɣ taa nɛ pɩkɛdɩna-ɩ pɩŋŋ. Ɛpɩzɩɣ ɛsaɣ sɩʊ kpelaɣ nakɛyɛ nɛ pɩlɩɩna kɔ-yɔɔ lɛ, ɛyaa na yaa polosi ɛ-lɩmaɣza. Yee nesi tɛɛ tʊmlaɖʊ nɔɔyʊ ɛpɔzɩ Caabiyuu se ɛha-ɩ wezuu kɩɖaɣlʊ siŋŋ kɔyɔ, nabʊyʊ taa ɛpɩzɩɣ ɛsaɣ akpadɩyʊ koŋgo nɔɔyʊ sɩʊ kpelaɣ nɛ ɛsɩɩ ɛ-nɔnɔɔ taa. Ɛyʊ naɣ-kɛ lɛ, ɛpɩzɩɣ ekpe nesi tɛɛ tʊmlaɖʊ ɛnʊ ɛ-maɣzɩm.


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Yehowa Aseɣɖe Tɩnaa
—Mba ɖɩkɛnaa?
Ðɩlɩnɩ ajɛɛ ndɩ ndɩ, sɔnzɩ ndɩ ndɩ nɛ kʋnʋmɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ taa, ɛlɛ paa mbʋ yɔ, ɖɩwɛ nɔɔ kʋyʋmaɣ nɛ ɖɩwɛɛnɩ kaɖʋsɩ kʋyʋmsɩ. Ða-kaɖʋwa sɔsɔɔ lɛ se ɖɩɖʋ hɩɖɛ Yehowa, Ɛsɔ weyi pɔyɔɔdɩ ɛ-tɔm Bibl taa nɛ ɛkɛ wondu tɩŋa Lɩzɩyʋ yɔ. Ðɩñakɩ pana se ɖɩnɩɣzɩnɩ Yesu Krɩstʋ nɛ pɩkɛnɩ-ɖʋ hɩɖɛ ɖʋʋ siŋŋ se payaa-ɖʋ se Krɩstʋ ñɩma. Ða-taa paa anɩ kpakɩɣ alɩwaatʋ ɖoŋ ɖoŋ nɛ ɛsɩɣnɩ lalaa se pɛkpɛlɩkɩ Bibl nɛ Ɛsɔ Kewiyaɣ pɔ-yɔɔ tɔm. Ɛzɩma ɖɩlɩzɩɣ aseɣɖe yaa ɖɩyɔɔdʋʋ Ɛsɔ Yehowa nɛ e-Kewiyaɣ pɔ-tɔm yɔ, pʋyɔɔ payaɣ-ɖʋ se Yehowa Aseɣɖe Tɩnaa.
Wolo ɖɛ-tɛ intɛrnɛɛtɩ lone yɔɔ. Tɩlɩ mba ɖɩkɛnaa nɛ tisuu mbʋ ɖɩwɛna yɔ.