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Flɛrɔvɩyɔm
Flɛrɔvɩyɔm (yʊsaɣ mayaɣ kɔyɔ Fl) kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 114 yɔ. Ɛ nɛ ʊnʊnkandɩyɔm (Uuq) palɩ ɖama mbʊ IUPAC kaaya-wɛ ɖeyi ɖeyi, nɛ patasɩ-ɩ yaʊ ɖɔɖɔ se pʊtʊ 114 matʊ paɣtʊ taa. Palaba-ɩ kajalaɣ ɖeɖe lɛ pɩɩkɛ saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ taa pɩnaɣ 1998 pɩtɩŋna pɩkpɛnda ɛ nɛ 244Pu(48Ca,3n)289Fl kɛ Flerov Laboratory for Nuclear Reactions (FLNR) ŋgʊ kɩɩwɛ Doubna, Moscou ɛjaɖɛ taa. IUPAC ha ɖoŋ ɛ-hɩɖɛ mɩsɩkʊm fenaɣ kajalaɣ evemiye pɩnaɣ 2011 nɛ paha-ɩ ɛ-kpaagbaa hɩɖɛ agoza fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 30 pɩnaɣ 2012 pɩlɩna FLNR yɔɔ.
Pɩdaa pee yɔɔ ñɩnɩɣ ŋgbɛyɛ kɩkpɛndɩyɛ naɖɩyɛ (JINR) Doubna Russi ɛjaɖɛ susi kɔlaɣ fenaɣ taa pɩnaɣ 1999 se panaza plʊtɔnɩyɔm 244 hɔɔlʊʊ nakʊyʊ pɩtɩŋna kalɩsɩyɔm 48 nazɩyʊ sɩɣlɩyaa yɔɔ nɛ ŋñɩɩ kɔtɩɩ kʊyʊm lɩna ɛlɛ yɔ 289Fl. Tɔm patapɩzɩ pɛlɛɣzɩ-tʊ kɛlɛ pamaɣzɩ se tɩfɛyɩ ɖeyi ɖeyi nɛ paapɩzɩ palabɩ-tʊ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ paa ɛzɩmta. Ɛyaa kʊyʊma mba paɖaɣnɩ yɔɔdʊʊ hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ taa pɩnaɣ 1999 se pɛkɛza plʊtɔnɩyɔm 244 nɛ plʊtɔnɩyɔm 242 se pɩsa nɛ pala agbele naa lalaa.
Nɔɔnɔɔ labɩtʊ ndʊ pana flɛrɔvɩyɔm pee taa yɔ palaba-tʊ mɩsɩkʊm fenaɣ taa pɩnaɣ 1999 alɩwaatʊ ndʊ ŋgbɛyɛ kʊyʊmɖɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩɖana paazʊʊ plʊtɔnɩyɔm 244 yɔɔ tʊmɩyɛ yɔ. Pala flɛvɩyɔm tɛ ŋñɩɩ kɔtɩɩ waa naalɛ, pɩtɩŋna pɔyɔka alɩfa 9,82 Me alɩwaatʊ ŋñɩɩ 2,6 s. Pɛcɛlɛ tʊmɩyɛ nɖɩ kajalaɣ ɖeɖe 288Fl pɩlɩna ndʊ paatɛma labʊ tɩyɔɔ, paɖanɩɣ kam ñʊʊ siŋ peeɖe pɩha waɖɛ nɛ pɛcɛlɛ-tʊ 289Fl.


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Krɛkɩ kɩbɩnʊʊ kʊnʊŋ
Krɛkɩ kɩbɩnʊʊ caanaʊ tɔm kɛna Krɛsɩ kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ kɩɩwɛ kpaɖʊ naakʊ nɛ ntalɩ kpaɖʊ naanza pʊcɔ palʊlɩ Yeesu-Chrɩstʊ.
Kiɖe tɛɛ lɛ, yɔɔdasɩɩ kɔɖɔ sakɩyɛ, nɛ pekpeelɩ-sɩ lona naanza. Arcadochypriote nɛ Wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa (Occidental) nɛ éolien nɛ ionien-attikii waa. Krɛsɩ kʊnʊŋ yɔɔdaɣ fɛyɩna tɔbʊʊ nɩʊ sɔsɔʊ nakʊyʊ pacaɣ se pɔyɔɔdʊʊ-kʊ lɛ pɩkɩtɩ nɛ wɛ ageeda taa kʊnʊmɩŋ kɩbɩŋ yɔɔ. Tɔm kɛdʊ taa lɛ, Krɛsɩ kɩbɩnɩʊ lɩzɩʊ Attikii, kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ ionien-attikii mba yɔɔdʊʊ yɔɔ, kɩkɛ Atɛnɩ kɩbɩnɩʊ kʊŋʊŋ.
Kɩkɛ kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa pamana sakɩyɛ krɛsɩ yɔɔlɩɩ masɩ. Helllénistikii alʊwaatʊ taa nɛ Hellénofɔnɩ ɛyaa tɛ ɖama siduu yele nɛ koinè pɩsɩ ɖama tɛ kʊnʊŋ. Koinɛ ŋgʊ kɩlɩna yɔɔdasɩ sakɩyɛ taa, ionien-attikii agbela taa nɛ kɩcaɣ nɛ kʊkʊʊ woɖe yɔ woɖe yɔ kʊnʊŋ lɛɛŋ tɛ labɩnaʊ. Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ kɩbɩsɩ canaʊ lingua franca, nɛ kɩnɛ Latɛnɩ pe-heluu ɖama.
Koinè pɩsɩ pʊwayi kewiyaɣ kʊnʊŋ wɩsɩ ɖʊɖʊyɛ Romanɩ awiyaa caa kewiyaɣ ɛjaɖɛ nɛ pʊcɔ kɩ-huu nɛ kɩyele se Krɛsɩ sɔnɔ ŋgʊ ɛwɛ. Ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ Ɛndɩ-Erɔpʊ kʊnʊmɩŋ kɩbɩŋ lɛɛŋ yɔɔ, Krɛsɩ tɔmpe pɩsɩʊ kʊya ɛsɔtaa.

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Sɛmɩŋ
Sɛmɩŋ kɛna tomnaɣ wɛɖʊʊ nakʊyʊ nɛ kɩwɛ kɛsɛmɩŋ wɛ caʊʊ nɛ kɛnaɣ poliŋ sɩŋŋŋ. Sɛmɩŋ wɛ tomnasɩ nzɩ sɩwɛ cɩŋ cɩŋwɛɖʊʊ yɔ. Yee pesida kʊlʊmŋ tomnaɣ nɛ kɩsɛmɩŋ ñɩŋga ɖoli kʊɖʊym kɔyɔ, tomnaɣ wɛɖʊ ŋgʊ pɩpɩsɩɣ yɔ kɩwɛʊ caʊʊʊ yaa ɛzɩ hʊlʊʊ tɩyɛ yɔ. Sɛmɩŋ wɛɖʊ nɛ tɩŋ hatʊ wɛɖʊ poposina ɖama sɩŋŋŋ.
Pɩsa nɛ tomnasɩ sɛmɩŋ yaa tomnasɩ wɛɛ ndɩ ndɩ pɩɖɔɔ lɛ, pesidiɣ sɛmɩŋ maɣmaɣ nɛ ɛzɩ tɩŋ hatʊ sɛmɩŋ nɛ yuulee sɛmɩŋ ɖoli kʊɖʊm. Yee pesida tɔlɩm nabʊyʊ nɛ sɛmɩŋ maɣmaɣ ɖɔɖɔ kɔyɔ sɛmɩŋ ɛnʊ ɛlɛɣzɩɣ ɖɔɖɔ nɛ ɛkpaɣ tomnaɣ ŋga yɔ, kɛwɛʊ maɖʊmaɖʊ.
Sɔnzɩ hɔɔlɩŋ nɩyɛ taa lɛ, tomnasɩ tɔlɩm kpɛnda naatozo ɖeke nɛ ɩnɩɩyɔ: piyiŋ tomnaɣ nɛ ɛ-taa kɔyɔ kɩkpɛdɩm, hɔlɩmɩŋ tomnaɣ nɛ ɛlɛ taa kɔyɔ kʊlʊmɩŋ layɩlayɩ tomnaɣ nɛ naputozo taa lɛ, maɖʊmaɖʊ tomnaɣ nɛ panaɣ ɛ-taa kɛ kɩsɛɛmɩm cɩŋcɩŋ. Tomnasɩ sɛmŋ ɩnʊ ɩtɩŋga ɩkpɛnda lʊbɛ nɛ pekpeɣla-ɩ kɔyɔ ɩwɛ mbʊ payaɣ se kaayʊʊ yɔ kɩ-taa.


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Paladɩyɔm
Paladɩyɔm kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 46 nɛ yʊsaɣ ñɩŋa yɔ Pd. Ɛ-tɛ nɛ platɩnɩ waa tɛ kiŋ. Paladɩyɔm tomnaɣ yem wɛ hɛŋgɛlɛŋ, ɛtɔtɔyɩ, nɛ nabʊyʊ taa pamazɩɣ se ɛkɛ ñɩɣlɩm wonuu kɩbaŋʊ, pɩlɩna ɛ-tɛ ñɩlɩ ñɩlɩ tʊma laɣsɩ yɔɔ.
Pana paladɩyɔm nɛ rɔdɩyɔm pɩtɩŋna platɩnɩ kʊlʊlʊʊ ca ca ŋgʊ yɔɔ pɩnaɣ 1803 pɩtɩŋna Ɛnglɩsɩ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkɩyʊ william Hyde Wollaston. Hɩɖɛ nɖɩ Wollaston maɣmaɣ ha pɩnaɣ ŋga katɩŋga ɛ-natʊ wayi yɔ lɩna tɩnzɩ cikpesi cɔlɔ mbʊ se pallas, pana-ɩ lakɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 28 pɩnaɣ 1802 pɩtɩŋna tɩnzɩ taa nɔmɔʊ woɖu Heinrich W.M. Olbers, ɛlɛ ɛkɛ Caama tʊ.
Ɖooo alɩwaatʊ natʊyʊ pamaɣa ɛyaa paladɩyɔm ɛzɩ kɔyɛ nɖɩ pawazɩɣna kpezi wɩlaɣ kʊdɔŋ yɔ nɛ ɖɩ-tɛ makaɣna 0,065 g evemiye taa. Ɛlɛ pʊkɔma pana se kɔyɛ nɖɩ palakɩɣ-ɖɩ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ yɔ wɛna cɛyɩtʊ sakɩyɛ ɛyʊ tomnaɣ taa kɛ pʊwayɩ kɛlɛ pɛlɛzɩɣ-ɖɩ nɛ kɔɔ wena keeke apɔza yɔ.
Papɩzɩɣ pana paladɩyɔm ɛzɩ ñɩɣlɩm wonuu ŋgʊ kɩ nɛ sika pɛkpɛnda yɔ nɛ wondu lɛɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-tɛ nɛ platɩnɩ waa tɛ yɔ kɛ sika ɖɩcɛsɩyɛ Oural, Ositrali, Etiyopii, Amerika nɛ Hayɩ kiŋ nɛ Hadɛ ajɛyɛ taa. Ɖikpeliye taa ɖenɖe pɛwɛʊ yɔ tʊmɩyɛ kɛ kʊyʊmɖɩyɛ paladɩyɔm ɖɩlaɖɛ.


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Maadiriidi
Maadiriidi kɛna Ɛsɩpaañɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ suzɔtʊ nɛ ndʊ kɩlɩna walanɩ ɖɔɖɔ. Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa kɛ ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ nɛ pɩnaɣ 2014 taa pakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ ŋgʊ yɔ ɛyaa mba panaa yɔ pɛkpɛndaa miliyɔɔnaa looɖo nɛ hɔɔlʊʊ (6 500 000). Eerɔpʊ tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ taa payɩ lɛ, ɛyaa ɖɔʊ taa lɛ, Lɔndrɩ nɛ Pɛrɩlɛɛ pa-wayɩ lɛ Maadiriidi tɩŋgʊna.
Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-walanzɩ landammm taa maɣna ɛkɩtaarɩnaa 60 800 yaa kilomɛtanaa 608. Maadiriidi tɛtʊ taa kɛ komina tuma sɔsɔna wɛɛ, peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ kewiyaɣ kpelaɣ wɛɛ nɛ peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ paɣtʊ lɩzɩyaa ñɩŋga wɛɛ. Tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-taa kɛ keteŋga kpeekpe ɛsɩyɛ ekpena tʊmɩyɛ kpelaɣ sɔsɔɣa wɛɛ nɛ tʊma ndɩ ndɩ naayɛ ɖɔɖɔ ñɩnzɩ nɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa tʊma sɔsɔna nayɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ Telefónica, Repsol nɛ Iberia.
Ɛzɩ ajɛya lɛɛna taa tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ lɛɛtʊ yɔ, Maadiriidi tɛtʊ nɛ ajɛyaa naayɛ taa ñɩndʊ paɖʊ nɔɔ nɛ palakɩ tʊma kʊɖʊma. Maadiriidi nɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ ndʊ palakɩ tʊma yɔ tɩkpɛnda hiuwaa naatozo (30). Payaɣ Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-yɔɔ cɔnɩyʊ kɩfalʊ se Manuela Carmena (AM) nɛ ɛpaazɩɣ tɩ-yɔɔ cɔnɑʊ yɔ pɩnaɣ 2015 nɛ ɛ-tʊmɩyɛ tɛŋ pɩnaɣ 2019 taa.


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Maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkɩyʊ
Maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkɩyʊ yaa maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ tʊ ɛkɛ ɛyʊ weyi ɛmʊ niiye maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ taa yɔ, pɩkɛ tʊmɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩpaɣlɩ piŋ nɛ ɖɩtɛ ɖɩwalɩ yɔ. Ɛyʊ ɛnɛ yɔ ɛlakɩ tʊmɩyɛ ɛyʊ lɛɛlʊ fetenum yɔɔ pɩkɛ-ɩ lɛɣtʊ tʊmɩyɛ, nɛ ɛñɩnɩɣ ɛyʊ maɣzɩm tɔm hɔɔlɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ taa, ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ ɛtɩlɩ-ɩ ɛ-wɛtʊ nɛ ɛ-ɛyʊtʊ nɛ ɛ nɛ ɛyaa pɛ-wɛtʊ nɛ ɖama.
Ɛlakɩ tʊmɩyɛ cala yɔɔ nɛ wola yɔɔ pɩlɩna ɛ-tɛ sɔɔlɩm yɔɔ pɩcɛlɩna maɣzɩm lɩzɩtʊ ndɩ ndɩ yɔɔ ndʊ tɩwokina nɛ pʊ-tʊmɩyɛ yɔɔ kiŋ yɔ, hɔɔlɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ yɔɔ kɛ ɛyʊ fezuu caɣʊʊ yɔɔ (ɖɩkpaɣ ɛzɩ kpɛlɛkɩtʊ, alaafɩya, kɔɔ labɩtʊ ɛyaa, tɔm hʊtʊ, tʊma, ahelesa nɛ ŋkpaɣ mbʊ nɖɛ). Pasɩma maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ nɛ pakandɩɣ ɖɩ-yɔɔ kpaɣ ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1985.
Pɩlɩna lona wena a-taa palakɩ tʊmɩyɛ yɔ lɛ, maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkɩyaa pɩzɩɣ palakɩ lona ndɩ ndɩ taa kɛ tʊma, potukina ɛyaa tɩŋa kpaɣ piyaa, evebupiyaa, ɛyaa sɔsaa, akpadɩyaa, hɔŋ, nesi tɛɛ tʊma sɔsɔna tɩnaa, kʊñɔntɩnaa nɛ ŋkpaɣ mbʊ nɖɛ, potukuna ɛyaa kʊyʊm kʊyʊm yaa pekpeɣliɣ-wɛ com com.


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Arɩzaɣ
Tɛtɛɛ ñɩɣlɩm mbʊ payaɣ se arɩzaɣ yɔ. Pɩkɛ kɛ siimii wonuu nakʊyʊ. Pɩkɛ ɖɔɖɔ ñɩɣlɩm wonuu nakʊyʊ. Pama se «Ag» yɔ, pɩwɩlɩɣ se pɩkɛ. Arɩzaɣ mayaɣ kɛ 47. Nabʊyʊ taa yɔ, payaɣ arɩzaɣ se metaliki yaa arɩzaɣ metalɩ. Ɛlɛ, tɔsʊʊ laɖaa ñaɖʊ tokaɣ nakɛyɛ arɩzaɣ metalɩ nɛ arɩzaɣ ñɩɣyʊʊ pɛ-hɛkʊ taa. Papa kpaɣ arɩzaɣ ñɩɣyʊʊ se ŋgʊʊ palakɩna tʊmɩyɛ tɔsɩŋ nʊmɔŋ taa.
Hɔɔlɩŋ weyi ɛ-taa palakɩna arɩzaɣ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ yɔ[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
- Palakɩ arɩzaɣ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ sowɛyerii (joaillerie) nɛ Ɔrɩfɛvrerii (orfèvrerie) pa-taa. Hɔɔlɩŋ ɛnʊ ɛ-taa lɛ, pakpaɣ arɩzaɣ se kɩkɛ metalɩ kɩñɩlɩnzʊʊ. Pakpaɣ-kʊ ɖɔɖɔ se kɩkɛ metalɩ ŋgʊ pohuuzuuna nabʊyʊ yɔɔ yɔ. Metalɩ ŋgʊ lɛ, kalɩvanoplastii (galvanoplastie) lɛɣtʊ palakɩna-kʊ.
- Palakɩ liidiye pɔɔyasɩ nɛ arɩzaɣ ñɩɣyʊʊ.
- Pɩnaɣ 1976 taa arɩzaɣ ñɩɣyʊʊ palabɩna liidiye pɔɔyaɣ nɩɩnʊwa Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa.
- Palakɩ-kʊ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ ɖɔɖɔ elɛkɩtroniki nɛ laatriki pa-nʊmɔŋ taa. Mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, arɩzaɣ ñɩɣyʊʊ hɔŋ laatriki miŋ nɛ pɩkɩlɩ [[kwivri] ñɩɣyʊʊ. Ñɩɣtʊ ndʊ tɩhɔŋ laatriki miŋ payɩ yɔ tɩ-taa lɛ, arɩzaɣ ñɩɣyʊʊ kɩlɩɣna laatriki miŋ hɔm.
- Palakɩ ɖɔɖɔ arɩzaɣ ñɩɣyʊʊ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ fotonaa lɩzʊʊ lɛɣtʊ nʊmɔʊ taa.
- Minziiki nʊmɔʊ taa ɖɔɖɔ palakɩ arɩzaɣ ñɩɣyʊʊ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ. Mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, kɩ-ñɩɣyʊʊ palakɩna minziiki ndɩ ndɩ.
- Arɩzaɣ ñɩɣlɩm ñɩɣyʊʊ tɔtɔyɩ, mbʊ labɩna nabɛyɛ ñɔtɔŋ se kɩtatɩɩfɛyɩ.


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Wagaadugu
Wagaadugu kɛŋna Purkina Fasoo ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ nɛ ndʊ tɩkɩla walanzɩ ɖɔɖɔ yɔ. Patasʊʊ tɛtʊ ndʊ yaʊ kɛlɛʊ taa se Wagaa. Wagaadugu tɔbʊʊ kɛlɛ se ɖenɖe pahaɣ ɛyʊ samtʊ yɔ yaa ñamtʊ yɔ. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ, tɩ-walanazɩ landammm taa maɣna ɛkɩtaarɩnaa ɛzɩ 280 500 yaa kilomɛtanaa 2 805.
Pɩnaɣ 1960 taa paakali ɛyaa kɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa, paakpɛnda ɛyaa 59 126, nɛ pɩnaɣ 2006 taa lɛ, pɛkpɛnda ɛyaa 1 475 223. Pɩnaɣ 2012 taa pakalɩ kɩgalʊyʊ lɛ, pana ɛyaa 1 062 000. Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ, ɖɩ-tɛ tɔsʊʊ nɛ ɛsɩndaa wobu wɛɛ, peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ komina tʊma sɔsɔna nɛ kediisasi wɛɛ, pɩtasɩ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa kɛ sɔnzɩ ndɩ ndɩ aleɣya wɛɛ.
Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ, tɩ-taa tʊma ndɩ ndɩ lubu ñɩɩtʊ tɔɖɔɔ ɛlɛ tɔɔnasɩ nɛ wondu kususutu kɛ pakɩlɩɣ pɛdʊʊ. Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pawɩlʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa nɛ pɔyɔɔdʊ-kʊ komina tʊma taa peeɖe yɔ, ŋgʊ lɛ fransɩɩ. Payaɣ tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-tɛ maalika yɔɔ cɔnɩyʊ kɩfalʊ se Marin Casimir Ilboudo (2012 -).
Ɛzɩ ajɛya lɛɛna taa tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ lɛɛtʊ yɔ, Wagaadugu tɛtʊ nɛ ajɛyaa naayɛ taa ñɩndʊ paɖʊ nɔɔ nɛ palakɩ tʊma kʊɖʊma nɛ anaa yɔ: Luduŋ, Liiyɔɔ, Liiyɔɔ Sɔsɔʊ, Kireenoblɩ nɛ Pɔridoo (Fransɩɩ), Saŋ Maaniyato, Turɛɛ (Itaalii), Kowɛtɩ (Kowɛtɩ), Keebɛkɩ (Kanadaa), Kumasi (Kana), Seenɛɛvɩ (Suwiisi), Maraakɛsɩ (Marɔkɩ), Tayipaayɩ (Tayiwaanɩ) nɛ Pɛlɩziki ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ natʊyʊ (Leuze-en-Hainaut).


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Heu hʋndʋ
Heu hʋndʋ paya ɖɔɖɔ size pɩsatʋ hʋndʋ. Heu hʋndʋ kɛna kpɩna wonuu. Keekee taa lɛ, paya hɩɖɛ size hʋndʋ kɔyɔ, paa pɩɩla ɛzɩma pɩkɛɣna kpɩnɛ hʋnʋʋ.
Hʋndʋ wɛ kpɩna sakɩyɛ yɔɔ kɛnɛ. Pʋ-yɔɔ yɔɔ pakpaɣ hɩɖɛ nɖɩ nɛ pɛcɛlɛ kpɩna hɔɔlʋʋ taa. Paya size hʋndʋ kɔyɔ, paa weyi ɛ-lɩmaɣza woki kpɩna hɔɔlʋʋ taa kɛnɛ. Heŋ hʋndʋ palakɩna wondu ndɩ ndɩ sakɩyɛ. Pakpakɩɣ heŋ hʋndʋ ndʋ nɛ palakɩna pɩsatʋ: Heu hʋndʋ ndʋ pakpakɩɣ nɛ palakɩna tʋma sakɩyɛ ndɩ ndɩ.
Heŋ hʋndʋ paya size "laine" kɛ Fransɩ kʋnʋŋ taa. Ɛlɛ, pɩtɛkɛ heu ɖeke wɛnana hʋndʋ. Kpɩna lɛɛna wɛna ɖɔɖɔ hʋndʋ. Kpɩna lɛɛna hʋndʋ n̄ɩna naayɛ hɩla kɔyɔ : pʋŋ, naŋ, afanaa, kpaŋganzɩ. Awayɩ wondu ɖɔɖɔ wɛna hʋndʋ.


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Kɩkpɛɛdɩm
Kɩkpɛɛdɩm kɛna tomnaɣ wɛtʊ sɛmɩŋ weyi ɛkɩla piyu yɔ. Pɩkɛna tomnaɣ wɛtʊ ndʊ tɩkɩla yʊ yɔ. Ɛ yʊ ɛɛnaɣ kpayɩ kpayɩ tomnasɩ wɛtʊ ndʊ tipiyi mbʊ yɔ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ tɩwɛ ɛzɩ cɩkpɛndɩɣ yɔ.
Pʊtɔbʊ kɛlɛ se kɩkpɛɛdɩm koyindu kɛlɛ kʊlʊmʊm nɛ tomnasɩ nzɩ sɩhʊlʊmɩ mbʊ yɔ nzɩ kɛŋna tomnasi sɛmɩŋ taa sɛmɩŋ weyi ɛkɩlɩ tʊ kpayɩ kpayɩ yɔ.
Tuuɖe ajɛya taa lɛ, sɩm ɛlaba kɔyɔ tokonaa kɩkpɛɛda posuu nɛ pɩwɩlɩ se pacaɣ kʊñɔŋ yaa posuu mbʊ se pɩwɩlɩ se pa-taa fɛyɩ leleŋ. Pɩtasɩ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ posuu mbʊ se pawɩlɩ se mba tanɩɩ pʊtɔbʊ.
Ɖoo taa fenaɣ ɛfɛyɩ kɔyɔ cɩkpɛndɩɣ wɛɛ nɛ piyu kpiɖi kpiɖi nɛ ɛyʊ ɛɛpɩzɩɣ nɛ ɛna camɩyɛ yee mɩŋ ɛfɛyɩ kɔyɔ.


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Aɖam nɛ Ɛvɩ
Adam (hebra kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ, אָדָם, aramen nɛ siriyaki kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ, ܐܕܡ, arabɩ kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ, آدم) kɛ ɛyʊ weyi pɔyɔda ɛ-tɔm kiɖe tɛɛ takayaɣ taa nɛ ceu takayasɩ taa yɔ nɛ ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɛyʊ weyi pɔyɔɔda ɛ-tɔm piŋ Ɛsɔ tɔm takayasɩ sakɩyɛ taa yɔ. Tɔm yɔɔdɩtʊ kikpeɣtu ndʊ nɛ ɖɔɖɔ yuda ñɩma, Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ aŋgba nɛ malɩŋ aŋgba taa lɛ, ɛyʊ ɛnʊ ɛkɛ kajalaɣ ɛyʊ weyi Ɛsɔ tɩtɩŋa lɩzana e-nesi yɔ. Pekpeɣkiɣ se ɛsɩba lɛ ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 930 (kiɖe tɛɛ tɔm takayaɣ taa 5-5) ŋtalɩ pɩnzɩ 960 pɩlɩna kiɖe tɛɛ aseɣɖe tɔm takayaɣ nakayɛ. Ɛɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ Ɛvɩ ɛgbaɣtʊ, esinaɣ palɩza nɛ palabɩna halʊ ɛnʊ. Hɩɖɛ Adam pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se ɛyʊtʊ, tɩwɛɛ Azii Wɩsɩ Ɖɩɖʊyɛ nɛ Afrika hɔɔlɩŋ nɩɩyɛ taa.
Ɛsɔ tɔm takayaɣ taa lɛ, nɛ kiɖe tɔm takayasɩ taa lɛ, Adam (hebra kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ, אדם, pɩlɩna tɔmʊʊ אדמה pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se tɛtʊ) ɛkɛ kajalaɣ ɛyʊ weyi Ɛsɔ maɣmaɣ lɩza kɩyakʊ loɖo pɩtɩŋna tɛtʊ mʊzʊʊ yɔɔ ɛlɛzʊʊ tɩyɛ, nɛ pʊcɔ ehosi ɛ-mɔɔŋ tɛɛ nɛ ɛkpaɣ wezuu. Kajalaɣ taa lɛ, eɖeke ɛnʊ yɔ abalʊ nɛ halʊ (Ɛsɔ lɩzɩ Adam ɛzɩ ɛ maɣmaɣ yɔ, ɛzɩ Ɛsɔ ɛnʊ ɛ maɣmaɣ yɔ, ɛlɩzɩ-wɛ halʊ nɛ abalʊ.
Ɛsɔ cɔna se pɩfɛyɩ ɖeu se ɛyʊ ɛwɛɛ eyeke lɛ, ɛlɩzɩ kpɩna nɛ ewona-yɛ ɛ-cɔlɔ se ɛna se ɛyaɣ-yɛ hɩla suwe. Adam hɩɖɛ a-taa paa ndɩ lɛ, kɛlɛ ɛtanaɣ ɛlɛzʊʊ ñɩnʊʊ nɔɔyʊ pɩ-taa kaʊ weyi ɛmʊna-ɩ yɔ. Ɛsɔ yele nɛ ɖom kpaɣ-ɩ, kɛlɛ Ɛsɔ lɩzɩ e-sinaɣ nɛ ɛlabɩna ɛ-halʊ. Adam tɩlɩ-ɩ se ɛkɛ e-tomnaɣ tɛ tomnaɣ nɛ ɛ-mɔɔyɛ taa mɔɔyɛ pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se palɩzɩɣ ɛ-yɔɔ kɛnɛ. Adam kpaɣ-ɩ ɛ-halʊ, kɛlɛ Ɛsɔ pɔzɩ-wɛ se palʊlɩ nɛ puhuu, se pañazɩ kpɩna nɛ atɔɔ ñɩtʊ. Kajalaɣ hɔʊ ŋgʊ Ɛsɔ tisi-wɛ Eden kaɖaɣ taa, se Adam ɛhayɩ nɛ ɛɖaŋ kaɖaɣ yɔɔ.
Adam ha ɛ-halʊ hɩɖɛ se Ɛvɩ pʊ-tɔbʊʊ wezuu mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ ɛkɛ ɖoyo weyi ɛkaɣ tɩyʊ ɛyaa kpeekpe weziŋ yɔ. Pɛkɛdɩɣ-ɖʊ se ɛyaa mba pa naalɛ pɛlɛɣ wɛnaʊ kajalaɣ taa kɛ pɩyaa naatozo mba yɔ Caïen nɛ Abel nɛ Seth nɛ pɩyaa lalaa mba patayaa pa-hɩla yɔ. Ɛsɩkaɣ lɛ ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 930. Ɛyaa mba pawayɩ lɛ kpaɣɖɩŋ nakʊ tɩŋa, palʊlɩ ɛyaa sakɩyɛ nɛ lɩm kpaɣ patɩŋna keŋkeŋ kɛlɛ pɩsaɣ Noé nɛ ɛ-hɔʊ (ɛ-halʊ nɛ ɛ-pɩyaa Japhet nɛ Sem nɛ Cham nɛ papa halaa).


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Burrhus Frederic Skinner
Burrhus Frederic Skinner kɛ ɛyʊ weyi ɛlaba ɛyʊ fitenum sukuli yɔ ɛkɛ mazɩyʊ Amerika ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ivan Pavlove tʊma kaañaɣ ɛ-yɔɔ piŋ ɛ nɛ John Watson. Palʊla Sinner pɩnaɣ 1904 Pennsylvani kɛ Etaazuunii ɛjaɖɛ taa.
Ɛmʊ sukuli sɔsɔʊ taa takayaɣ ŋga kawɩlɩɣ se ɛkɛ sukuli pɩɣa sɔsɔ yɔ lɛ kɛ Hamilton College taa Ɛŋglɩsɩ ɛjaɖɛ pɩnaɣ 1926 lɛ ɛkpaɣ lɩmaɣza mbʊ se ɛtɛzʊʊ ɛ-tɛ kpɛlɛkɩtʊ sukuli kɛ Harvard sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ taa, peeɖe ɛmʊ ɛyʊ fetenum kpɛlɛkʊʊ takayaɣ sɔsɔ pɩnaɣ 1931. Peeɖe ɛcaɣ pɩkɔɔ pɩsɩna pɩnaɣ ŋga 1936 ɛ-tɛ kpɛlɛkɩtʊ nɔmɔʊ taa. Ɛwɩlɩ sukuli Minnesota sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ taa, ɛpɩsɩ peeɖe sukuli ŋgʊ kɩ-taa takʊʊ nɛ wiluu tʊmɩyɛ ñʊʊ tʊ kɛ Indiana sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ taa pɩnaɣ 1945.
Ɛpɩsɩ sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa pɩnaɣ 1948, nɛ pɛkpɛlɛkɩ-ɩ ɛyʊ fitenum tɔm camɩyɛ nɛ ɛwɛɛ tʊmɩyɛ ndɩ ɖɩ-yɔɔ halɩ ɛkɔɔ ewolo hɛzʊʊ pɩnaɣ 1974. Ɛsɩpɩna calɩm pɩcɛɖɛ kʊdɔŋ kɩyɛna fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 18 pɩnaɣ 1990. Pepimi-ɩ Mount Auburn pɩlaŋ yɔɔ. Burrhus Frederic Skinner kɛ ɛyʊ weyi ɛlaba ɛyʊ fitenum sukuli yɔ ɛkɛ mazɩyʊ Amerika ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ivan Pavlove tʊma kaañaɣ ɛ-yɔɔ piŋ ɛ nɛ John Watson.


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Kɔŋgo Kinsasa
Koŋo Kinsasa kɛna Afrikɩ nɛ hɛkʊ nɛ hɛkʊ taa ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ ajɛya wena ayɔɔdɩɣ Fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ yɔ a-taa lɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa kɛ ɛyaa kɩlɩ ɖɔʊ. Afriki taa payɩ lɛ Koŋo Kinsasa kɛna nanza ñɩnɖɛ kɛ ɛyaa samaɣ ɖɔʊ taa. Payaɣ Koŋo Kinsasa yem se Koŋo yaa Demkarasii Koŋo se paɖʊ tʊkaɣ ŋga kɛwɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɛ Koŋo Pirazaviili pɛ-hɛkʊ taa yɔ.
Kpaɣ pinzi 1908 nɛ 1960 taa lɛ payawaɣ-ɖɩ se Koŋo Pɛlɩzɩ yaa Koŋo-Lewopolidivili pikɔɔ pɩsɩna pɩnaɣ 1966. Pɩnaɣ ŋga ka-taa kɛ Kɩnsasa pɩsa ɛjaɖɛ dɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ. Pikɔma pɩtalɩ 1971 nɛ 1977 lɛ, ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ patʊʊ-ɖɩ hɩɖɛ se Sayiiri. Afriki kpeekpe taa lɛ, Alizeeri wayi lɛ Koŋo kɛna ɛjaɖɛ naalɛ ñɩnɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩkɩlɩ walɩɣ yɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩkpaɣna Atilantiki Lɩŋgamʊʊ kɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa nɛ ɖɩlɩzɩna Koŋgo Pɔɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɛ hayi kiŋ lɛ lakʊ sɔsɔʊ ɖeɖe wɛna, wɩsɩ ɖɩlyɛ taa lɛ pʊŋ nɛ piyasi ɖeɖe ñɛwɛna. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɛ hadɛ kiŋ lɛ pʊŋ weyi ɛ-ñʊŋ taa wɛ landammm yɔ nɛ tɛtɛɛ ñɩm wɛ peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ. Ɖooo wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa ɛzɩ kilomɛtanaa 40 mbʊ yɔ lɛ, ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ Atilantiki lɩŋgamʊʊ ñɛwɛna.
Kabindaa (Aŋgola ɛjaɖɛ) nɛ Koŋo Pɩrazaviili ajɛya wɛna koŋo Kinsasa nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa piyele nɛ Santirafriki ɛjaɖɛ nɛ Sudanɩ Hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ wɛna hayi kiŋ; wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ ajɛya wena awɛɛ yɔ anaa yɔ: Ugandaa, Purundi nɛ Tanzanii; pɩkazɩ Sambii nɛ Aŋola kiŋ ajɛya wɛna hadɛ kiŋ. Koŋo Kinsasa wɛ keteŋa kpeekpe ajɛya wena anɩɣ nɛ ayɔɔdɩɣ Fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ yɔ aŋgbɛyɛ taa ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1977. Fransɩɩ kɛna kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pawɩlɣ sukilinaa taa nɛ pɔyɔɔdɩɣ komina tʊmaa taa yɔ.
Fransɩɩ wayɩ lɛ, kʊnʊmɩŋ naanza nɩyɛ wɛɛ nɛ pɔyɔɔdɩɣ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa, ɛnʊ yɔ: kiKoŋo, Liŋala, Tisiluba nɛ kiSiwahilii.


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Pʋyʋ kɔtɩɩɩ yɔɔ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ
Pʋyʋ kɔtɩɩɩ yɔɔ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ kɛ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ nɖɩ ɛyʋ laba ñɩɣlɩm wonuu yɔɔ yɔ. Lɩmaɣzɩyɛ ńɖɩ, ɖɩtɔŋ se paa wonuu ŋgʋ, kɩ-taa wɛ pʋyʋ kɔtɩɩɩ waa sakɩyɛ.
Ɖooo caanaʋ taa lɛ, ɛyʋ maɣzaa se papɩzɩɣ pɛtɛyɩ wonuu hɔɔlɩŋ cikpeŋ ñɩɩɩ ñɩɩɩ waa ɛlɛ, pɩtɛma. Pataatɩlɩ se wonuu tɛ hɔɔlɩŋ ñɩɩɩ ñɩɩɩ waa ḿba, pa-taa wɛ ɖɔɖɔ pʋyʋ kɔtɩɩɩ waa sakɩyɛ. Waaɣ hiu nɛ nakʋ ɖɩpaɣzɩyɛ ɖajaa John Dalton paɣzɩ maɣzʋʋ pʋyʋ kɔtɩɩɩ waa yɔɔ.
Ɛmaɣzɩ pɩŋŋ lɛ, ɛtɔ se, paa wonuu ŋgʋ kɩ-taa pʋyʋ kɔtɩɩɩ waa wɛna wɛtʋ kʋɖʋmtʋ. Ɛyɔɔdɩ ɖɔɖɔ se wonuu taa pʋyʋ kɔtɩɩɩ waa eeciidiɣ, paapɩzɩɣ pɛlɛɣzɩ lona wonuu taa.
Ɖajaa ɛnɛ ɛkaɖɩ ɛ-ñɩnɩʋ taa kpayɩ ɛyʋ ɛɛpɩzɩɣ ɛcɩyɩ yaa ɛwɛɛkɩ wonuu taa pʋyʋ kɔtɩɩɩ waa. Ɛyɔɔdɩ ɖɔɖɔ se wonuu taa pʋyʋ kɔtɩɩɩ waa pɩzɩɣ patamsɩna ɖama tamsɩnaʋ nabʋyʋ pʋwɛɛ kaɖɛ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ.
Caanaʋ tɔm cɔlɩyaa yaa tʋʋzɩyaa tapɩzɩ patɩlɩ ɛzɩma ɖajaa John Dalton laba nɛ ɛpɩzɩ ɛkaɖɩ tɔm tʋnɛ mbʋ yɔ. Ɖajaa Dalton tɩŋna kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʋʋ wɛtʋ sukuli ŋgʋ ɛlaba yɔ kɩ-yɔɔ nɛ ɛpɩzɩ ɛlɩzɩ ɛ-lɩmaɣzɩyɛ tɔbʋʋ.
Ɖajaa Antoine Lavoisier ñɔyɔɔdɩ pɩnaɣ 1789 taa se wonuu taa pʋyʋ kɔtɩɩɩ hɩlɩmɩyɛ ɛɛlɛɣzɩɣ kaʋ. Piyele ɖajaa Joseph Louis Proust ñakaɖɩ pɩna 1799 taa se yee ɛyʋ ɛtɛyɩ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʋʋ wonuu nakʋyʋ kɩ-hɔɔlɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ yɔ, hɔɔlʋʋ nakʋyʋ hɩlɩmɩyɛ ɛɛkɩlɩɣ lɛɛkʋ, paa hɔɔlɩŋ ɛnʋ ɛfɛyɩ kɩmaŋ.


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Carl Friedrich Gauss
Johann Carl Friedrich Gauß (Caama kʊnʊŋ taa pɔyɔɔdʊʊ se gaʊs, matʊ paɣtʊ taa lɛ, pama se Gauss nɛ Fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa, Itaalii kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ, Carolus Fridericus Gauss). Palʊla-ɩ ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 30 pɩnaɣ 1777 kɛ Brunswick nɛ ɛsɩ lɛlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 23 pɩnaɣ 1855 kɛ Göttingen. Ɛyʊ ɛɛkɛ lɛɣtʊ tɩlɩyʊ, nɛ tɩyɩnzɩ yɔɔ kpɛlɛkʊʊ niye mʊyʊ nɛ ɖɔɖɔ tomnasɩ ɖɔnɛ kpɛlɛkʊʊ kɛ Caama ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛkɔna lɔŋ lɩmaɣza sakɩyɛ hɔɔlɩŋ ɛnʊ ɛ-niitozo ɛ-taa. Pɛsɛyɩ-ɩ hɩɖɛ se lɛɣtʊ tɩlɩyaa wiyaʊ nɛ pɔtɔ se ɛkɛ lɛɣtʊ tɩlɩyaa taa niye mʊyʊ kɛ pɛ-tɛ alɩwaatʊ lɛɣtʊ tɩlɩyaa tɩŋa taa.
Gauss kaakɛnɛ Göttingen losuu tʊmɩyɛ ɖɩlaɖɛ nɔɔ ɖɛyʊ ɛlɛ, ɛta lakɩ tʊmɩyɛ ɛzɩ lɛɣtʊ tɩlɩyʊ wɩlɩyʊ. Ɖɩcɔna nɛ ɖɩnaɣ kɔyɔ ɛtaasɔɔlɩ wɩlɩɣ tʊmɩyɛ kpoyi ɛlɛ, eseɣtaɣ e-sukuli piyaa sakɩyɛ nɛ halɩ pa-taa sakɩyɛ kɔɔ papɩsɩ lɛɣtʊ tɩlɩyaa siŋ kɔzɩ kɔzɩ Gotthold Eisenstein nɛ Bernhard Riemann. Gauss, palʊla-ɩ keeke Brunswich-Wolfenbüttel, kɛ kʊñɔŋ cejewiye naɖɩyɛ taa. E-doo kaakɛ kɩsɩŋɩlɩɣ nɛ ɛtapɩzɩɣ ɛɖɔkɩ ɛ-lʊlʊʊ evemiye. Ɛlɛ, ɛpɩza ɛtɔzɩ se palʊla-ɩ cɩla nakʊyʊ wiye, kɩyakɩŋ lutozo pʊcɔ patɔɔ Yeesu Krɩstʊ tɛ ɛsɔda kpaʊ kazandʊ ndʊ pɔtɔkɩ-tʊ Pasɩka wayi kɩyakʊ 40 ŋgʊ wiye yɔ.
Pɩnaɣ 1792 alɩwaatʊ taa lɛ Brunswick cɔna nɛ ɛna se ɛwɛ lɔŋ piŋ mbʊ lɛ, ɛhayɩ liidiye kɩhɛyɛ naɖɩyɛ se pɩsɩna-ɩ nɛ ɛla e-sukuli. Kɛlɛ pɩha-ɩ ɖoŋ nɛ ɛɖɛɛ Carolo-Wilhelmina Brunswick lɛɣtʊ sukuli kɛtɛzʊʊ taa kɛ kpaɣ pɩnzɩ 1792 nɛ 1795 hɛkʊ taa. Peeɖe ɛkpɛlɛka nakaŋ yɔɔ kpɛlɛkɩtʊ sukuli.
Pɩnaɣ 1804 taa kɛ ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 12 alɩwaatʊ palɩza-ɩ se ɛkɛ Royal Society ŋgbɛyɛ taa ɛyʊ. Aloma fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 9 pɩnaɣ 1805 taa ɛɖɔkɩ ɛ-tɛ kajalaɣ nesi ɖɔkʊ ɛ-nɛ ɛ-halʊ Johanna Osthoff. Mbʊ lɛ, ɛñɩnɩɣ ehiɣ nɛ ɛwɛ ɛ-tɩyɔɔ kɛlɛ pɩkɔma pɩnaɣ 1807 alɩwaatʊ taa lɛ, pakpa-ɩ se ɛkɛ tɩyɩnzɩ yɔɔ kpɛlɛkʊʊ wɩlɩyʊ nɛ losuu tʊmɩyɛ ɖɩlaɖɛ ñʊʊ tʊ kɛ Göttingen tɛtʊ taa.
Pʊkɔma pɩnaɣ pɩsɩ lɛ, ɛtasɩ halʊ kpaʊ nɛ ɛlɛ paya se Minna Waldeck (kɩyɛɛna fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 4 pɩnaɣ 1810 alɩwaatʊ taa). Pɩnaɣ kʊyʊmaɣ ŋga ka-taa lɛ, ɛ-halʊ naalɛ tʊ sɩ. Ɛ-pɛlɔ Thèrèse kpaɣ mɩzaɣ yɔɔ sʊʊtʊ nɛ ɛcɔŋna ɛ-caa yɔɔ pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ ɛlɛ ñɩɩza kedeŋga yɔ. Pɩkɔma lɛlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 23 pɩnaɣ 1855 taa lɛ, ɛsɩ Göttingen tɛtʊ taa kɛ Hanover kewiyaɣ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Pepimi-ɩ Albani sɩɖaa naŋ yɔɔ.


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Mɛ-ɛjaɖɛ yɔɔ lʊbɩyɛ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ
Mɛ-ɛjaɖɛ yɔɔ lʊbɩyɛ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ Mɛ-ɛjaɖɛ yɔɔ lʊbɩyɛ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ tɔm (Caama kʊnʊŋ taa lɛNationalsozialismus), pɩkɛ politiki lɩmaɣzɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩlʊkɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa samaɣ ñɩm yɔɔ yɔ nɛ pɩkɛ Caama ɛjaɖɛ taa tʊma laɖaa (NSDAP), pɩkɛ ɛjaɖɛ hɔɔlʊʊ nɩwaŋ yɔɔ ŋgʊ kɛ Caama taa palɩzɩ-ɖɩ pɩnaɣ 1920 nɛ Adolf Hitler kaakɛna ɖɩ-ñʊʊ tʊ. Politiki lɩmaɣzɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa peɖe lɛ, ɖɩnaɣ se ɛyaa kɩla ɖama tɛyʊʊ tɔm wɛ ɖɩ-taa pɩlɩna paa anɩ kɛ mbʊ yɔ, ɛyaa tɔndʊʊ wɛɛ peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ, kɔzɩ kɔzɩ yudaa mba, sɩlavɩ ɛyaa, tsigane mba, nɛ payaɣ-wɛ ɛyaa cikpema Caama kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ Untermensch.
Ɖɩcɔna ɖɩna yɔ yudaa mba kaɖɩnaʊ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ tɔm paɣtʊ takayaɣ lɩwa kalaa Caama ɛyaa tɛ lɛ, pɩlɩna se pakʊ ajama yaa pɩlabam waa, palɩzɩ mba paatisiɣ politiki ŋgʊ kɩ-yɔɔ weziŋ, pakʊ abala yeke yaa hala yeke halɩ kpayɛ tɩnaa, nɛ Room mba, ŋgbaɣ nɖɛ mbʊ yɔ pazɩ tɩlɩ keelee pɩnaɣ 1933, pɩlɩna ɛzɩma palɩza tɛyɩtʊ ɛyaa hɛkɩŋ taa yɔ pɩcɛlɩna kɔzɩ kɔzɩ mɩzasɩ yasʊʊ tɔm. Politiki tɔm nɖʊ tiseɣtina kedeŋga kpeekpe you sɔsɔʊ naalɛ ŋgʊ, alɩwaatʊ ndʊ sowaa malɩfa pɛɛ ŋgʊ lɩwa nɛ palɩzɩ lona wena taa pɔtɔyɩtɩɣ ɛyaa lalaa mba pɛtɛkɛ Caama mba yɔ, pɩkɔɔ pɩsɩna Caama sɔɔjanaa tɔlaa yɔ pɩnaɣ 1945. Pɩkpaɣʊʊ nɛ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ pɩkɔɔ pɩsɩna pɩnaɣ ŋga mbʊ yɔ pakʊ yudaa mba patalɩ miiliiyɔɔ loɖo halɩ pɩcɛzɩ pɩyɔɔ mbʊ yɔ pɩtɩŋna Caama ɛyaa yɔɔ nɛ pe-nesi ɖʊyaa yɔɔ. Caama azawaa kaamaza se po-politiki tɔm ndʊ tɩkaɣ ɖalɩɣ pɩtalɩ pɩnzɩ kudoku kɔyɔ hayi pɩsɩna pɩnzɩ hiu nɛ naalɛ yeke kɛlɛ pɩsaɣ Erɔpʊ halʊmɩ lalayɩ nɛ Caama nɛ kɩmɩyɛ mankazɩ.
Ɛjaɖɛ yɔɔ lʊbɩyɛ lɩmaɣɩyɛ tɔm Caama kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ Nazismus, ɛlɛ tobi matʊ taa kɛlɛ mbʊ yɔ pɩtɛkɛ mbʊ yɔ ɖɩ-kpeekpe maʊʊ taa lɛ pamaɣ se Nationalsozialismus, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se ɛjaɖɛ taa yeke ñɩm yɔɔ lʊbɩyɛ. Lɩmaɣzɩyɛ politiki ñɩnɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩha ɛsɛ nɛ ajɛyɛ kpeekpe ñɩm kpɛndʊʊ tɔm ɛzɩ Marx lɩmaɣzɩyɛ mbʊ yɔ, Hitler ñacaɣ mbʊ.
Caama politiki tɔm ndʊ tɩpalaɣ ɛyaa pɩlɩna calɩm pɔza mbʊ yɔ, Tzigane waa, Azii ɛyaa, nɛ kɔzɩ kɔzɩ ɛyaa kɩkpɛdaa, pa nɛ yɔ paaɖʊ-wɛ lone ndɩ ɖɩ-taa paasɩɣ ɛyʊ yɔ, pʊwayi yɔ yuda mba nɛ sɩlavɩ mba nɛ Afrika ɖooo hayi hayi ɛyaa pɔ-tɔbʊʊ lɩm ɛwadɩyɛ yɔɔ ɛyaa.


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Confucius lɩmaɣzɩyɛ tɩnaa ŋgbɛyɛ
Confucius lɩmaɣzɩyɛ tɩnaa ŋgbɛyɛ, Rújiā (儒家) (pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se masɩma lɔŋ sukuli) nɛ Rúxué (儒学) pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se masɩma lɔŋ wa wɩlɩtʊ, pɩkɛ sukuli naa taa sukuli nakʊyʊ ŋgʊ kʊ-tʊmɩyɛ kaakɛ yaa kʊñɔŋnaɣ ɛyʊ yɔɔ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ tɔm yɔɔ, ɛyʊ fitenum yɔɔ, politiki tɔm yɔɔ nɛ Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ tɔm yɔɔ Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa yɔ. Tɔm tɩwala pɩtalɩ kpaɣɖɩŋ hiu mbʊ yɔ kpaɣ nɛ Kongfuzi (pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se wɩlɩyʊ Kong) ɛyʊ yɔɔ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ tɔm (pɩnaɣ 551 ŋtalɩ 479 pʊcɔ palʊlɩ Yeesu Krɩstʊ), pasɩmɩ-ɩ Wɩsɩ Ɖɩlɩyɛ ajɛyɛ taa taa nɛ latɛŋ hɩɖɛ ɖɩnɛ yɔ Confucius.
Kpaɣnɛ kpaɣɖʊ 9 hɛkʊ taa lɩmaɣza ndɩ ndɩ lɩɩ paya-yɛ se Confucius maɣzɩm kɩfam ((Lǐxué 理学, Dàoxué 道学, Xīnxué 心学, ŋgbaɣ nɖɛɛ) nɛ apɩsɩ paɣtʊ ɛyaa kpeekpe cɔlɔ kpaɣɖʊ 13 wɛɛ taa. Quinq kewiyaɣ kɩɖɛzaɣ alɩwaatʊ taa lɛ, Hànxué (漢学) lɩɩ, ndɔnjɔɔlɩyɛ pɩlɩna Confucius lɩmaɣzɩyɛ yɔɔ, pʊwayɩ kpaɣɖʊ 20 alɩwaatʊ taa lɛ Confucius lɩmaɣza kɩfana ñalɩɩ. Kpaɣ ɖooo pɩ-tɛ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ mbʊ Siini ɛjaɖɛ wɛ Confucius lɩmaɣza ndɩ ndɩ taa, Tao ñɩna wɛɛ nɛ Puda ñɩna wɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ, kɛlɛ Confucius ñɩna wakaɣnaɣ.
Ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ Confucius caʊʊ ɖoŋ piŋ Azii nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa kiŋ papɩzɩɣ pamaɣzɩ-kʊ nɛ Platon nɛ Yeesu pa-ñɩmba Wɩsɩ Ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa ajɛyɛ taa. Ɛtatɩyɩ Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ ŋgbɛyɛ naɖɩyɛ kiɖe, kɛlɛ ɛ nɛ ɛ-tɔm mʊyaa palɩzɩ lɩmaɣza sakɩyɛ pɛ-tɛ alɩwaatʊ, pɛlɛzɩ ɛyaa fetenum nɛ pɛ-tɛ caɣyɛ nɛ ɖama ɛzɩ sɔnzɩ tɩyɛ.
Wɩlɩyʊ ɛnʊ ɛ-tɔm mʊyaa kajalaɣ mba mba pakpa se ɛyʊ yɔɔ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ tʊmɩyɛ tɩnaa nɛ papɩsɩ layaa Confucius cɔjɔ kpamɩŋ taa.


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Nɔɔ
Kacalaɣ taa lɛ, nɔɔ kɛna pɔʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa ɛyʊ yaa tɛtɛ kpɩnɛ tɔkɩna yɔ tɔɔnaɣ nɛ pitiki ɛ-taa yɔ. Ɛlɛ yee pɩkɛ simaɣ yaa tɛtɛ wondu ndʊ ndʊ tɩwɛna kalɩ hʊndʊ, keŋ nɛ naŋgbanzɩ naalɛ kɔyɔ, paatasɩɣ yaʊ se nɔɔ ɛlɛ payaɣ ne njʊyɛ. Yee ɛyʊ ɛkɩla kataɣzaɣ yaa cɩmɖɛ kɔyɔ, pɔtɔŋ-kɩ-ɩ se ɛkɩla ŋjʊyɛ yaa ɛ-nɔɔ kɩla cɩmɖɛ.
Nɔɔ wɛ ñʊʊ yɔɔ nɛ kɛwɛna ɛsɩndaa kiŋ. Kɛwɛ mɔɔʊ, tamaɣ nɛ lɩkpaɣzasɩ pɛhɛkʊ taa. Payaɣ kʊɖʊmbʊ taa se nɔɔ yɔ, kpaɣ ndoma, nzʊlɩmɩyɛ nɛ kela pɛkpɛndaa nɛ payaɣ mbʊ. Kela wazaɣ kɛlɛ se, atɔɔ yaa anaŋgɩ tɔɔnasɩ nzɩ pɛwɛ se sitiki ɛyʊ yaa tɛtɛ kpɩnɛ taa yɔ.
Nzʊlɩmɩyɛ wazaɣ kɛlɛ se ɛyʊ ɛpɩzɩ nɛ ɛyɔɔdʊʊ camɩyɛ yaa ɛcɔzɩɣ tɔɔnaasɩ nɛ kela ñɔyɔɔdɩɣ. Ndoma kɛŋna nɔɔ toko. Pʊtɔbʊʊ se ndoma ɛfɛyɩ kɔyɔ, kʊtɔmɩŋ sʊʊ ɛyʊ yaa tɛtɛ kpɩnɛ lotu taa yem yem. Pɩtasɩ ɖɔdɔ lɛ, ndoma ɛfɛyɩ kɔyɔ, ɛyʊ ɛɛpɩzʊɣ nɛ ɛyɔɔdɩ camɩyɛ. Ɛyaa nabɛyɩ wɛɛ lɛ, pɔnɔsɩ taa kela fɛyɩ nɛ payaɣ-wɛ se nɔɔtaa kpɛɖɛ tɩnaa. Pɩtɛkɛ peɖeke, mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, palʊlʊʊ ɛyʊ lɛ, ɛpaɣlʊ pazɩ lɛ, ɛ-nɔɔtaa kela tɔʊ nɛ kɩfana ñɔ. Pɩtasɩ lɛ, ɛyaa nabɛyɩ kpadayʊʊ siŋŋŋ lɛ, pɔ-nɔsɩtaa kela tɔʊ.
Tɛtɛ hʊndʊ natʊyʊ wɛɛ lɛ, tɩ-nɔsɩ taa kɛ tɩnɩʊ nɛ pɩndʊ, ŋgʊ pɩɩwɛɛ se pɔtɩkɩna nɔɔ lɛ, tɔbʊʊ kɛ panɩʊna pɩndʊ. Tɛtɛ kpɩna wena atɔkɩna anɔɔ nɛ anɩʊna a-tɔbɩŋ yɔ, yee tɔɔnaɣ ɛfɛyɩ ɖeu yaa pɩwɩɣ yɛ kɔyɔ, nabʊyʊ taa lɛ, tɔɔnasɩ nzɩ atɔkɩ yɔ, alɩɣna a-nɔsɩ. Pɔtɔŋ se atɔʊ tɔɔnasɩ nzɩ. Tɛtɛ kpɩna naayɛ wɛɛ lɛ, afɛyɩna nɔsɩ yaa tɔbɩŋ. Mbʊ pɔyɔɔ yɔ, awɛʊ tɛtɛ kpɩna lɛɛna lotu taa kɛnɛ. Tɛtɛ kpɩna ana, a-taa kɔyɔ ɖalaa. Yee ɛyʊ ɛɛtɔkɩ sɩnaʊ kɔyɔ, ɛ-nɔɔ ɖazɩɣ nɛ nɔɔ tɔsɔɔlɩ mbʊ. Pɩtɛ ɛyaa nɔsɩ taa lɩʊ sɔŋ.


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Antonín Dvořák
Antonín Leopold Dvořák kɛ Cɛɛkɩ ɛjaɖɛ pɩɣa. Ɛkɛ cɩmʊʊ maɖʊ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ. Palʋla-ɩ salaŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ 8 ñɩŋʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1841 ñɩŋa taa Nelahozeves tɛtʋ taa. Nelahozeves tɛtʋ posina Prague tɛtʋ ɛzɩɩ mɛtɛnaa 40 mbʋ yɔ.
Ɖajaa Antonín Leopold Dvořák sɩba Prague tɛtʋ taa agoza fenaɣ kajalaɣ kɩyakʋ ñɩŋʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1904 ñɩŋa taa.
Ɖajaa Antonín Dvořák yeba sukuli size ɛkpɛlɛkɩ ɛ-caa tʋmɩyɛ. Ɛ-caa kɛkɛ alikiizaŋ.
Ɛ-caa kaakɛ ɖɔɖɔ agɔma ɖaɣ yɔɔ tʋma cɔnɩyaa yɔɔ ñʋʋdʋ.
E-gbele Zlonice cɔlɔ ɛkpɛlɛkɩ cɩmʋʋ mabʋ pɩnaɣ 1853 ñɩŋa taa.
Peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ ɛkpɛlɛkɩ caama kʋnʋŋ yɔɔdaɣ.


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Orson Welles
Orson Welles kɛ hendu teyu Amerika ɛjaɖɛ taa, hendu lɩzɩyʊ, tanaŋ nɛ amʊza laɖʊ nɛ ɖɔɖɔ tanaŋ cɔlɩyʊ, anjaʊ naa lɩzɩyʊ, takayasɩ mayʊ nɛ ɛkɛ ɛyʊ weyi ɛmʊzaɣ maɣzɩm naa ndɩ ndɩ yaa ɖɩpɩzɩɣ ɖɩya-ɩ se elebu. Pʊwayi lɛ, ɛ-laɣsɩ nzɩ ɛzɩ ɛlakɩ nɛ ɛwɩlɩɣ ɛ-tɛ kɛlɛm kɛlɛm naa sɩnɩma yɔɔ yɔ kaawɛna ɖoŋ yaa kaacaɣ lɛla mba paalaba pɩnzɩ 1950-1970 alɩwaatʊ taa yɔ kɔzɩ kɔzɩ Stanley Kubrick yɔɔ. Palʊla-ɩ agoza fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 6 pɩnaɣ 1915 kɛ Kenosha, Wisconsin, nɛ ɛsɩ aloma fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 10 pɩnaɣ 1985 Hollywood.
Ɛ-caa Richard Heard Welles, ɛkɛ tʊmɩyɛ sɔsɔyɛ tʊ nɛ ɖɔɖɔ nɔmɔŋ woɖu sɔsɔ, e-ɖoo kɔyɔ Béatrice Welles, palʊla-ɩ Ives liɖe taa kɛnɛ, ɛkɛ piano maɖʊ. Pa-pɩyalʊ tɔŋ pɔ-tɔm se man-caa kaakɛ ɛyʊ keeke edouard alɩwaatʊ taa nɛ ɛtɔŋ ɛ-tɩ se ɛkɛ luɖu. Ɛɛkɛ ɛyʊ hɛɛ tʊ nɛ suɖu tʊ, ɛ-tabala kpeekpe kaasɔla-ɩ camɩyɛ.
Pʊmʊna-m se mala ñʊʊ leleŋ kɛ ɛ-cɔlɔ nɛ mɔsɔɔlɩ nɔmɔŋ wobu tɔm. Mon-ɖoo ñaakɛ keɖeɣa halʊ nɔyʊ kpem ɛyaa ɛsɩnda nɛ ɛsɔɔlɩ politiki tɔm nɛ ɛtɔɣa malɩfa ɖeu, kediizasi taa piyano maɖaa taa niye mʊyʊ. Mɔɖɔkɩ ɛ-cɔlɔ miiziki tɛ sɔɔlɩm nɛ tɩ cɛyʊʊ sɔɔlɩm mbʊ pɩfɛyɩ nɔyʊ cɔlɔ kaʊ yɔ. Pɩnaɣ 1919, ɛ-ñɩma ya ɖama nɛ Orson tɩŋɩ e-ɖoo Chicago tɛtʊ taa.
Ɛwɛna pɩnzɩ hiu lɛ ɛɖɛzɩ Peter Rabbit kɛ Marshall Field’s lona ɖɩpɛdɩyɛ taa Chicago. Sukuli hɔɔlʊʊ taa ɛsʊ Madison (Wisconsin) sukuli nakʊyʊ taa mbʊ lɛ, ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ hiu, ɖenɖe ɛlaba amʊza nayɛ ana yɔ Étrange Cas du Docteur Jekyll et de M. Hyde. Pɩnaɣ 1926 lɛ, ɛsʊ Todd School for Boys sukuli taa, pɩkɛ sukuli ŋgʊ patʊlʊ-kʊ nesi tɛɛ tʊma laɖa kɩwɛ Woodstoch (Illinois) nɛ Roger Hill cɔŋa kʊ-yɔɔ.
Wɛtʊ natʊyʊ naalɛ kɔmna pɩcaazɩ Orson pɩcatʊ. E-neze sɩba lɛ, ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 40, agoza fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 10 pɩnaɣ 1924, sɩm mbʊ pʊwayi ɛzɩ pɩnzɩ loɖo wayi lɛ, ɛ-caa sɩ. Ɛpɩsɩ sulam mbʊ lɛ, ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 15 yeke, kɛlɛ piya yɔɔ cɔnɩyʊ Maurice Bernstein cɔŋna ɛ-cɛyɩtʊ yɔɔ, nɛ ɖooo ɛ-caa tabalʊ nɔyʊ ɖɔɖɔ ñasɩna cɔnaʊ e-sukuli yɔɔ.


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Thérèse Avila tʋ
Palʊla Thérèse d'Ávila kɛ Gotarandura, Ɛsɩpañ ɛjaɖɛ taa, lakɩŋ fenaɣ 28 pɩnaɣ 1515 nɛ ɛsɩ Alba de Tormes ɖoŋgiye taa , Ɛsɩpañɩ peeɖe kɛ aloma fenaɣ 14-15 pɩnaɣ 1582. Thérèse d'Ávila kɛna cɔjɔ kɛkpɛyaɣ ŋga kasʊ Karmɛlɩwaa tɛ kpaaŋ taa lɛ, ɛñɔɔzɩ payɩ mbʊ pɩtaawɛɛ ɖeu camɩyɛ yɔ. Thérèse d'Ávila kɛna krɩstʊ mba tɛ sɔdʊ sɔsɔʊ nakʊyʊ.
Paɖʊ Thérèse d'Ávila kɛ ɛyaa kiɖeɖema pɩlɩʊ taa kɛ ɛ-sɩm wayɩ pɩnsɩ 40 taa, pʊtɔbʊʊ se pɩnaɣ 1622. Pɔtɔkɩo ɛ-kasandʊ kɛ paa pɩnaɣ ŋga lɛ kɛ-tɛ aloma fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 15 wiye. Ɛnʊ kɛŋna kacalaɣ cɔjɔ kɛkpeyaɣ halɩñɩŋa ŋga kɛkɛ katolika ŋgbɛyɛ taa mbʊ payaɣ se tɔkɩtɛɛrɩ yɔ.
Ɛ-sɩm wayɩ e-tomnaɣ laba kʊñɔŋ: paa mba pañɩnɩɣ se pepim-kɛ pɛtɛ. Ɖenɖe palʊla-ɩ yɔ, 'Áviɩla, peeɖe cɔjɔ kɛkpeyɩsɩ ñɩnɩɣ se pepimi-i peeɖe, ɛlɛ Alba de Tormes, ɖenɖe ɛsɩba yɔ, peeɖe ñɩmba ñaatisiɣ. Pɩnaɣ 1760 taa kɛ pakpaɣ ɛ-tɛ aɖakaɣ nɛ powana-kɛ Alba de Tormes. Ɛsɩpañɩ cɔɔcɩnaa sakɩyɛ taa, pasɩ e-tomnaɣ hɔɔlɩŋ nɩɩyɛ pazɩ pazɩ. thérèse ɖo sɩba pɩnaɣ 1527,pʊtɔbʊʊ se Thérèse kawɛna pɩnzɩ 12 yeke. Mbʊ kɩlɩna pɩɣa peɣlaɣ kɛnɛ nɛ kakpaɣ ka-tɩ nɛ kɛcɛlɛ Maria kelekeletʊ se ɛkɛ e-ɖo.
Ɛlɛ ɛkɔma nɛ ɛpaɣzɩ takayɩsɩ ndɩ ndɩ kalɩɣ yem lɛ, ɛsɔɔ fezuu kiɖeɖeu ŋgʊ kɩɩwɛ ɛ-taa nɛ kizeɣtu-i yɔ kɩ-yɔɔ. Ɛkɔma nɛ ɛpaɣzɩ yelɩɣ nɛ ɛ-taabalaa lɛ, pɩkɔɔ pɩɖʊzɩ-ɩ acɛya tɔm taa nɛ ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 14 lɛ, ɛtɩlɩ abalʊ. Mbʊ yebina nɛ pɩla ɛzɩ ppiposina-i nɛ Ɛsɔ yɔ. Ɛ-caa na mbʊ lɛ, ɛkpeɣ lɩmaɣza se ewokina-i Santa María de Gracia kɛ Ávila pɩnaɣ 1531 taa. Thérèse tekizi se pʊyɔɔ ɛlɛ pɩɩcakɩ-ɩ camɩyɛ peeɖe mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, ɛ-ŋgbɛyɛ tɩnaa ɖɩɣna-ɩ lidiya hatʊ tiinau. Pɩwɛɛ mbʊ lɛ, ɛmaɣmaɣ ɛcɔŋna se liidiya fɛyɩna ɖɩcaɣyɛ ɛ-laŋɩyɛ taa, nɛ ɛwɛɛ pɩlɩʊ ŋgʊ kɩtaa pinaɣ pilim.
Ɛzɩma pɩcalaa nɛ Thérèse pɩsɩ cɔjɔ kɛkpɛyaɣ sɩŋŋŋ yɔ lɛ se, pɩkɔma lɛ pɩwɩ-ɩ siŋŋŋ nɛ ɛpɩsɩ ɛ-caa cɔlɔ. Ɛ-yɔɔ cɛba wayɩ lɛ, ɛ-caa wona-i ɛ-kɔɔ Marie de Cepeda cɔlɔ. Peeɖe ɛwɛɛ nɛ efemiye naɖɩyɛ ɛheyi ɛ-caa se ɛsɔɔla se ɛsʊʊ cɔjɔ kɛkpɛyɩsɩ pɩlɩʊ taa, ɛlɛ ɛtɛma naʊ se paa ɛ-caa eekizaa, ɛɛkɑɣ kitiu nɛ ɛ-wayɩ. Pɩla mbʊ ɖɔɖɔ. Ɛ-caa kizina-i mbʊ se pɩɩlakɩ-ɩ sɔnɔ nɛ cee.
Efemiye naɖɩyɛ yem (kamɩŋ fenaɣ 2 pɩnaɣ 1533 yaa 1535) kɛ Thérèse kʊyɩ ɛ-caa ɖɛɣa nɛ ewolo cɔjɔkɛkpɛyɩsɩ pɩlɩʊ taa kɛ Avila. Pɩlaba pɩnaɣ lɛ, ɛɖuu nɛ posu-i cɔjɔ kɛkpɛyɩsɩ toko. Ɛcaɣ peeɖe pɩnzɩ 27 nɛ ɛcɔŋna peeɖe tɛ paɣtʊ lɛ, pɩtacaɣ-ɩ camɩyɛ nɛ pɩwayɩ lɛ kɛ ɛkɔma ɛtʊʊzɩ-tʊ camɩyɛ. . Mbʊ piitukina ɛ-laŋiyɛ sɩŋŋŋ yɔ lɛ se, sakrɩmɩnɩʊ tɛɛ luŋgu efemiye naɖɩyɛ kɛ ɛna Yeesu kɛ sakrɩmɩnɩʊ taa nɛ ɛwɛɛ ɛnɩɣ sɩzɩŋ kɛ ɛyaa kɩwɛkɩm yɔɔ nɛ pɩlabɩ-ɩ pʊtrɔdɩyɛ.


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ÑƲƲ 57
Yesu wa halɩbɩɣa nakɛyɛ nɛ tandam nɔɔyʋ
MAATIYEE 15:21-31 MAARKƖ 7:24-37
YESU WA KANAŊ HALƲ NƆƆYƲ PƐLƐ
ƐWA ABALƲ WEYI ƐKƐ TANDAM NƐ KAAYƆƆDAƔ YƆ
Yesu kuli Farɩsɩ ñɩma sɔnzɩ nzɩ sɩtɩtʋʋzɩ yɔ, sɩ-yɔɔ nɛ ɛtɛ lɛ, ɛ nɛ ɛ-tɔmkpɛlɩkɩyaa pakʋyɩ nɛ pɛɖɛɛnɩ Kanaŋ ajɛɛ wena payaɣ se Tiiri nɛ Sidɔɔ yɔ, a-taa. Ajɛɛ ana aposini ɖenɖe pɛwɛɛ yɔ nɛ kilomɛtawaa sakɩyɛ nɛ hayo kiŋ.
Yesu ñɩnɩ ɖɩɣa nakɛyɛ nɛ ɛcaɣ ka-taa, ɛlɛ ɛtɩsɔɔlɩ se ɛyaa ɩna se ɛwɛ peeɖe. Ɛlɛ ɛtɩpɩzɩ nɛ ɛmɛlɩ. Halʋ Hela tʋ nɔɔyʋ weyi ɛ-tɛ kaawɛ egeetiye nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa yɔ, ɛna Yesu lɛ, ɛpaɣzɩ-ɩ tenduu nɛ ɛyɔɔdʋʋ se: “Na man-pʋtɔdɩyɛ, Kɩbaɣlʋ, Daviid Pɩyalʋ, eleeu wɩlɩɣ mɛn-pɛlɛ kʋñɔŋ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ.”—Maatiyee 15:22; Maarkɩ 7:26.
Halʋ wɛɛ nɛ ɛyɔɔdʋʋ mbʋ nɛ pɩkɔɔ pɩɖɛɛ ɛ-tɔmkpɛlɩkɩyaa nɛ powolo petendiɣ Yesu se: “Nɩɩnɩ halʋ ɛnʋ yɔ nɛ ɛɖɛɛ, mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ ɛtɩŋɩɣ-ɖʋ nɛ ɛɖɩkɩ ɖa-nɩŋgbaaŋ taa.” Yesu cosi-wɛ nɛ eheyi-wɛ mbʋ pʋyɔɔ esuma yɔ se: “Izrayɛɛlɩ wondu ndʋ tileba yɔ tɩ-yɔɔ petiyi-m.” Ɛlɛ halʋ ɛnʋ ɛwɛɛ pa-wayɩ mbʋ. Ɛñɔtɩnɩ Yesu nɛ eluŋ ɛ-tɛɛ nɛ etendiɣ-i se: “Kɩbaɣlʋ, sɩnɩ-m!”—Maatiyee 15:23-25.
Pɩtʋʋ fɛyɩ se Yesu tɩŋnɩ lɩmaɣza wena Yuda mba kaawɛnɩ ajɛɛ lɛɛna taa mba yɔɔ yɔ, a-yɔɔ se ɛtakɩ halʋ ɛnʋ e-tisuu. Pʋyɔɔ eheyi-i se: “Pɩfɛyɩ ɖeu se pakpaɣ piya tɔɔnaɣ nɛ pɛpɛɖɩ hasɩ.” (Maatiyee 15:26) Tɔm piye nɖɩ Yesu labɩnɩ tʋmɩyɛ cɩnɛ yɔ, ɖɩ-tɔbʋʋ lɛ se hasɩ cikpesi nɛ pɩwɩlɩɣ se ɛɛwɛnɩ sɔɔlɩm ɖɔɖɔ mba pataakɛ Yuda mba yɔ, pɔ-yɔɔ. Nɔɔ ŋga ɛyɔɔdɩnɩ halʋ ɛnʋ yɔ, kawɩlɩɣ kpayɩ kpayɩ se ɛɛsɔɔlɩ ɛyaa tɩŋa, pɩkpɛndɩnɩ mba patɩkɛ Yuda mba yɔ.
Paa halʋ ɛnʋ ɛɛnawa se lɩmaɣza wena Yuda mba wɛnɩ ajɛɛ lɛɛna taa mba yɔɔ yɔ, a-tɔm Yesu yɔɔdaɣ yɔ, ɛtɩmʋ pana, ɛlɛ ecosini tɩ luzuu nɛ ɛyɔɔdɩ se: “Ɛɛɛ! Pɩkɛ mbʋ, Kɩbaɣlʋ, pɩtɛ lɛ, hasɩ cikpesi tɔkɩ sɩ-caanaa ñanaɣ tɛɛ tɔɔnaɣ ɖula.” Yesu nawa se halʋ ɛnʋ ɛwɛnɩ laŋɩyɛ kɩbanɖɛ lɛ, eheyi-i se: “Hayɩ halʋ! Ñe-tisuu paɣlaa! Pɩlabɩ-ŋ ɛzɩ ŋsɔɔlʋʋ yɔ!” (Maatiyee 15:27, 28) Nɛ paa halɩbɩɣa ŋga kataawɛɛ peeɖe yɔ, ɛpɩzaa nɛ ɛwaa-kɛ. Halʋ ɛnʋ, ɛtalɩ ɖɩɣa lɛ, ɛ-pɛlɛ hɩnɩ ñalʋʋ yɔɔ, ɛ-yɔɔ cɛba, “eleeu lɩ ɛ-taa nɛ ɛɖɛɛ.”—Maarkɩ 7:30.
Yesu nɛ ɛ-tɔmkpɛlɩkɩyaa pakʋyɩnɩ Kanaŋ egeetiye taa peeɖe nɛ pɛɖɛɛnɩ Yɔɔrdaŋ Pɔɔ nɛ hayo kiŋ. Paa pɩɩla ɛzɩma, pɛtɛzɩ-kɛ nɛ Galilee Teŋgu nɛ hayo kiŋ nɛ patalɩ Dekapola egeetiye taa. Patalɩ peeɖe lɛ, pakpa pʋʋ nakʋyʋ taa, ɛlɛ ɛyaa tɛm-wɛ naʋ. Nɛ papaɣzɩ Yesu cɔlɔ kɔnʋʋ taɖɩyɛ tɩnaa, kaakalasɩ, yʋlʋmaa nɛ kaayɔɔdasɩ. Pɔkɔnɩ-wɛ Yesu cɔlɔ nɛ ɛwaa pa-tɩŋa payɩ. Samaɣ na piti lakasɩ nzɩ lɛ, pɩla kɔ-yɔɔ tʋmɩyɛ siŋŋ nɛ kapaɣzɩ Izrayɛɛlɩ tɛ Ɛsɔ sam.
Pa-taa abalʋ nɔɔyʋ kaawɛɛ, ɛkɛ tandam nɛ ɛɛpɩzɩɣ yɔɔdʋʋ ɖɔɖɔ. Pɩwɩlɩɣ se pɩɩwɛ-ɩ kaɖɛ se ɛwɛɛ samaɣ sɔsɔɔ nakɛyɛ taa. Pɩtɩla, Yesu na ɛzɩma pɩɩwɛ-ɩ kaɖɛ mbʋ lɛ, ɛ-tɔm labɩ-ɩ pʋtɔdɩyɛ nɛ ɛkɛzɩ-ɩ hɔɔlʋʋ. Pɛwɛ pe-ɖeke lɛ, Yesu la nabʋyʋ se ɛwɩlɩ-ɩ se ɛsɔɔlaa se ɛwaa ɛ-kʋdɔŋ. Ɛkpaɣ e-nee nɛ ɛɖʋ abalʋ ɛnʋ ɛ-nɩŋgbaaŋ taa, ɛtɔ ndaatʋ nɛ ɛkpaɣ etukuni abalʋ ɛnʋ ɛ-nzʋlʋmɩyɛ. Nɛ Yesu kʋsɩ ɛ-ɛza nɛ ɛsɔdaa nɛ ɛyɔɔdɩ se “Effeta!” Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ lɛ se “tʋlɩ ña-tɩ” yaa ‘ñɔ-yɔɔ ɛtʋlɩ.’ Peeɖe abalʋ ɛnʋ ɛpaɣzɩ nɩʋ nɛ ɛyɔɔdʋʋ kpayɩ kpayɩ. Ɛlɛ, Yesu tɩsɔɔlɩ se ɛyaa sakɩyɛ ɩnɩɩ tɔm ndʋ, mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ, ɛsɔɔlaa se ɛyaa itisi ɛ-yɔɔ pɩlɩɩnɩ mbʋ pa-maɣmaɣ panawa yaa panɩnɩ pa-nɩŋgbaaŋ yɔ, pɩ-yɔɔ.—Maarkɩ 7:32-36.
Pana ɛzɩma Yesu wɛ ɖoŋ nɛ ɛwaɣ kʋdɔmɩŋ ɛnɩ lɛ, “pɩɖɩɣzɩ-wɛ yem.” Nɛ pɔyɔɔdʋʋ se: “Mbʋ mbʋ ɛlakɩ yɔ, pɩpazɩ pɩwɛɛ ɖeu pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ: Ɛtʋlʋʋ tandamaa nɩŋgbaaŋ nɛ ɛlakɩ nɛ kaayɔɔdasɩ yɔɔdʋʋ.”—Maarkɩ 7:37.


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1Yotɑm lʋlʋɣʋ pɩɩsɩ hiu nɑ kɑkpɑsɩ nyǝŋkɑ tɑɑ kɛ́ ɩ tɔɣɔ kɑwulɑɣɑ kɛ Yosɑlɛm kɛ́ pɩɩsɩ nɑɑnʋwɑ nɑ nɑɑtoso. Ɩ too kɛlɛ kɔtʋlʋ Sɑtɔkɩ pɛɛlɔ. Pɑ yɑɑkɑɣɑ-ɩ sɩ Yelusɑ.
2Ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ Yotɑm lɑpɑ mpi pǝ mɑɣɑ Tɑcɑɑ tɔ. Ɩ lɑkɑɣɑ teitei kɛ́ ɩsɩɩ ɩ cɑɑ Osiyɑsɩ. Ɩlɛ ɩ tɑ sʋʋ Ɩsɔ tǝsɛɛlɛ tɑɑ kɛ́. Pɑɑ nɑ mpʋ tɔ, yǝlɑɑ tɑ lɑɣɑsɩ pɑ tɔntɛ.
3Yotɑm ŋmɑnɑ Ɩsɔ tǝsɛɛlɛ ɩsɔtɑɑ nɔnɔɣɔ nɑ ɩ́ nyɔɔsɩ koluŋɑ lonɑ pɑɣɑlɛ kɛ Ofɛlɩ hɔɣɔlʋɣʋ tɑɑ.
4Ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ ɩ ŋmɑwɑ ɑcɑlɛɛ kɛ Yutɑ pulɑsɩ tɑɑ. Nɑ kutuluŋ toŋ nyǝŋ nɑ tǝtɑŋlɛnɑɑ kɛ hɔtʋŋ tɑɑ.
5Ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ Yotɑm yoonɑ Amoni nyǝ́mɑ nɑ ɩ́ kǝlɩ-wɛ. Nɑ pɛlɛ pɑ́ fɛlɩ-ɩ liɣitee nyǝɣǝtʋ kɛ tɔɔnǝnɑɑ tooso, nɑ tɔɣɔnɑɣɑ pee kɛ tɔɔnǝnɑɑ iyisi nɑɑtoso (6000).
6Ɩlɛnɑ Yotɑm toŋ sɔɔsǝɣɩ nɑ pǝ́ puki. Mpi tɔ, ɩ tǝŋɑɣɑ Ɩsɔ Tɑcɑɑ kɛ teu kɛ́.
7Pɑ kɛɛsɑ Yotɑm yooŋ nɑ ɩ tǝmɑ pǝ tɔm kɛ Ɩsɛɣɛlɩ nɑ Yutɑ pǝ ɑwulɑɑ tɑkǝlɑɣɑ tɑɑ.
8Yotɑm lʋlʋɣʋ pǝnɑɣɑ hiu nɑ kɑkpɑsɩ nyǝŋkɑ tɑɑ kɛ́ ɩ tɔɣɔ kɑwulɑɣɑ. Yosɑlɛm kɛ ɩ tɔɣɔ kɑwulɑɣɑ kɛ pɩɩsɩ nɑɑnʋwɑ nɑ nɑɑtoso.
9Wɑɑtʋ wei ɩ sǝpɑ, ɩlɛnɑ pɑ́ pimi-ɩ Tɑfiiti tɛ. Ɩlɛnɑ ɩ pǝyɑlʋ Ahɑsɩ lɛɛtɩ ɩ lonte.


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Komɔŋwɛltɩ ŋgbɛyɛ
Kedeŋa yɔɔ cɩnɛ, ajɛya naayɛ ɖʋ ŋgbɛyɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ payaɣ-ɖɩ se « komɔŋwɛltɩ » (Commonwealth). Ajɛya nɩɩnʋwa nɛ naalɛ (52) nɩŋna ɖama nɛ aɖʋ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ.
Komɔŋwɛltɩ ŋgbɛyɛ ɖʋ nesi siŋŋ ajɛya tɩ-yɔɔ wɛʋ nʋmɔʋ taa. Komɔŋwɛltɩ ŋgbɛyɛ ñɔ alɩwaatʋ ndʋ palaba kedizaɣ sɔsaɣ nakɛyɛ Lɔndrɩ tɛtʋ taa yɔ. Lɔndrɩ tɛtʋ wɛ Aŋgeletɛɛrɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Palaba kedizaɣ sɔsaɣ ŋga pɩnaɣ 1949 taa. Kedizaɣ ŋga ka-taa pɔtɔŋ se ajɛya wena awɛ Komɔŋwɛltɩ ŋgbɛyɛ taa yɔ, awɛ kɩmaŋ. Ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, paakpaɣ ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ ɖoŋ kɩkpaʋ se ɖɩwɛɛ Komɔŋwɛltɩ ŋgbɛyɛ taa.
Ɖoɖoo Élisabeth II kɛŋna Komɔŋwɛltɩ ŋgbɛyɛ nɔɔ yɔɔ ɖɛyʋ. Ajɛya naayɛ wɛɛ lɛ, awiya yaa abila ɖiyiɣna-yɛ. Ajɛya ana payaɣ se rʋwaayom (royaumes) waa. Ajɛya wena awɛ Komɔŋwɛltɩ ŋgbɛyɛ taa yɔ, a-taa lɛ, ajɛya hiu nɛ loɖo (16) kɛ rowaayom waa. Ɖoɖoo Élisabeth II kɛŋna ɖɔɖɔ rowaayom waa hiu nɛ loɖo mba, pɛ-tɛ Abiɖe. Piyele ajɛya niidozo nɛ kʋɖʋm (31) ñɛkɛ mbʋ repiibiliki (républiques) waa nɛ ajɛya kagbaanzɩ (5) ñɛkɛ monarsii (monarchies) waa.
Ajɛya wena akɛ monarsii waa yɔ, a-taa lɛ, ɛyʋ kʋɖʋm tɩɣyɩna ɖoŋ tɩŋa. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se ɛnʋ ajɛɖɛ ñʋʋdʋ, ɛkɛ ajɛɖɛ paɣtʋ lɩzɩyaa nɔɔ yɔɔ ɖɛyʋ, ɛtɛ ɛkɛ tɔm hʋʋ nɔɔ yɔɔ ɖɛyʋ. Ɛlɛ, ajɛya wena alɛ kɛ repiibiliki waa yɔ, alɛ taa lɛ, pɛtɛyɩ ajaɖɛ ɖoŋ hɔɔlɩŋ niidozo. Ɛjaɖɛ ñʋʋdʋ wɛɛ, kewiyaɣ ñʋʋdʋ ñɛwɛɛ nɛ tɔm hʋʋ nɔɔ yɔɔ ɖɛyʋ ñɛwɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ.
Ajɛya wena awɛ Komɔŋwɛltɩ ŋgbɛyɛ taa yɔ, awɛ a-tɩ yɔɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ fɛyɩna ɖoŋ lɛɛɖɛ yɔɔ. Komɔŋwɛltɩ ŋgbɛyɛ lʋkɩ se temokrasii nɛ ɛyʋ waɖɛ yɔɔ kandɩyʋʋ nɛ komina tɩ-yɔɔ wɛʋ pa-tʋma ɛɖɛɛna ɛsɩndaa. Temokrasii lʋkɩ se paa weyi ɛwɛɛna waɖɛ se ɛyɔɔdɩ mbʋ ɛnaɣ nɛ pɩfɛyɩ-ɩ ɖeu yɔ. Ajɛya wena awɛ Komɔŋwɛltɩ ŋgbɛyɛ taa yɔ, a-walanzɩ kedeŋa yɔɔ kɛ 29 958 050 km2. Komɔŋwɛltɩ ŋgbɛyɛ taa samaɣ ñʋʋ kɛ miiliyaarɩ waa 2,328.


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Lɛɛtɔɔ (Laiton)
Kwivri nɛ sɛnkɩ pa-ñɩɣla kpɛndʊʊ kɛ payaɣ se Lɛɛtɔɔ. Ñɩɣla anɛ afɛyɩ kɩmaŋ kɛ ɖɔʊ taa yaa ɖalakɩŋ taa nɛ pʊcɔ pɩkpɛŋndɩ mbʊ, nabʊyʊ taa pisidi yem. Yee pɔcɔna sɩŋŋŋ kɔyɔ ñɩɣla lɛɛna sida lɛɛtɔɔ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa ɖɔɖɔ: pʊlɔŋ, etɛŋ, nikɛlɩ, kiɖoom nɛ mañeziyɔmɩ.
Pɩtɩŋga paɩ mbʊ yɔ pɩkɛna ñɩɣtʊ hɔmtʊ natʊyʊ. Ɛsɔmɩnɩʊ pʊkɩ lɛ pɩkazʊʊ nabʊyʊ nɛ mbʊ lɛ lɛɛtɔɔ ŋgʊ kɩwɛ kpʊzʊyɛɛ ɛzɩ tɩŋ hatʊ yɔ. Ɛzɩma lɛɛtɔɔ wɛɛ yɔ pʊyɔɔ kɛ nabʊyʊ taa payɑɣ-kʊ se kwivri sʊtʊ lɩm ñɩŋgʊ. Ñɩɣtʊ ndɩ ndɩ ndʊ tɩkpɛndʊ nɛ pɩpɩsʊ lɛɛtɔɔ yɔ pʊyɔɔ lɛ papɩzʊ pana lɛɛtɔɔnaa ndɩ ndɩ: tɔbakɩ, aɖisalɩ, ñɩɣyʊ ŋgʊ kɩwɛ cɩŋjɩnɔɔ yɔ yaa fulorantɛnɩ pʊrɔnzɩ, similɔɖɩ yaa pinkibɛkɩ.
Pɩtɛkɛ sɛnkɩ ɖeke taa kɛ kuwiviɖi pɩzɩɣ kisidi nɛ pɩlɩɩ lɛɛtɔɔ; ñɩɣtʊ lɛɛtʊ wɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ nɛ tɩ-taa kɔyɔ: aliiminiyɔmɩ, nikɛlɩ nɛ sɛkɩ, pʊrɔnzɩ ŋgʊ kwivri nɛ nɛ etɛŋ.


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Azwanɩ Tɔʋʋ
Azɩwanɩ Tɔʋʋ kɛna lɩm tɛ nazɩyʋʋ tɔʋʋ. Pɩnaɣ 1970 ñɩŋa taa pɛtɛma tɔɔʋ ŋgʋ kɩ-maʋ. Pɔɔ ŋga, ka-ɖɩlɩyɛ maɣzɩtʋ kasɩna mɛtɛ waa kudokiŋ lʋbɛ mbʋ yɔ yee papaɣzɩna Azɩwanɩ tɔtʋ kɩpɩndʋ kɛnɛ yɔ. Nɛ pɩkpaʋ nɛ tɛtʋ sʋsɔtʋ taa yɔ, pɩpɩzɩɣ pɩtalɩ ɛzɩ mɛtɛ waa kudokiŋ hiu kɛ mbʋ yɔ kɛ Egipiti ɛjaɖɛ niili pɔɔ hɔɔlʋʋ taa.
Azɩwanɩ pɔɔ wɛ wazaɣ siŋŋ kedeŋa yɔɔ cɩnɛ. Kɛkɛna ñɩm sɔsɔm pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ kɛwɛ ɖɩ-taa yɔ ɖɩ-taa samaɣ. Pɔɔ ŋga ka-taa lɩm pɩzɩɣ pɩtalɩ ɛzɩ ɛbgɔŋ kudokiŋ 169 mɛtɛ waa kudokiŋ naadozo mbʋ yɔ.
Pʋcɔ nɛ pama Azwanɩ tɔtʋ tʋnɛ lɛ, Niili Pɔɔ kawadaɣ soŋaɣ alɩwaatʋ kpeekpe taa kɛ fɛɛŋ weyi ɛwɛ mʋzʋŋ yɔ ɛ-taa. Nɛ lɩm kawadaɣ ŋga kalɩna Afriki nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ taa kiŋ. Lɩm kawadaɣ kanɛ yɔ, kɔkɔŋkaɣna mbʋ pɩhaɣ tɛtʋ mʋzʋŋ siŋŋ yɔ. Nɛ lɩm kawadaɣ kanɛ yɔ, kɛkpɛndɩɣna n̄ɩɣlɩm tɛtʋ sakɩyɛ nɛ kɛɖɛɣna.
Pɩtɩŋɛ payɩ mbʋ yɔ, pɩhaɣ Niili fɛɛʋ tɛtʋ mʋzʋŋ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩɛ. Mʋzʋŋ ɛnɛ eyekina nɛ haɖaʋ tʋmɩyɛ wokina ɛsɩndaa niili hɔɔlʋʋ taa. Ɛlɛ fɛɛʋ kʋnɛ pʋwɛɛ se pefeŋ camɩyɛ kʋ-mʋzʋŋ ɛnʋ ɛ-yɔɔ camɩyɛ nɛ pʋcɔ pɩsatʋ haɖaʋ tʋmɩyɛ ɖɔ camɩyɛ nɛ pɩɖɛɛna ɛsɩndaa.


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Sumaɣ
Sumaɣ kɛ Ɛsɔ wonuu kɩlɩzʊʊ nakʊyʊ. Kɛwɛnɩ keŋ yaa keliŋ nɛ kakʊyʊʊ ɛsɔdaa. Ɛgbamɩyɛ taa lɛ, payaɣ se sumaɣ; sakɩyɛ taa lɛ, payaa se sumasɩ. Sumasɩ wɛnɩ mbʊ payaɣna Fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa se vertèbres yɔ. Siɣyebɔʋ taa mɔɔ payaɣ mbʋ. Sumasɩ wɛ tetrapoodiwaa pɩlɩʊ taa, pɩ-tɔbʋʋ se pɛwɛna pilinza naanza naanza. Pilinzi sɩnzɩ, sɩkpalaɣ ɖama'a naalɛ naalɛ. Sumasɩ wɛ ndɩ ndɩ kpem. Sɩ-pɩlɩŋ talɩ ɛzɩ kudokuŋ hiu (10 000) mbʊ yɔ. Sumasɩ wɛ ndɩ ndɩ pɩlɩɩna pa-hʊndʊ ndɩ ndɩ cɔlɔ. Sɩwɛ ndɩ ndɩ ɖɔɖɔ pɩlɩɩna pe-keliŋ ndɩ ndɩ cɔlɔ. Sɩtɛ sɩwɛɛ ndɩ ndɩ pɩlɩɩna sɩ-wɛtʊ ɖɔɖɔ cɔlɔ. Sumasɩ wɛ ndɩ ndɩ pɩlɩɩna ɖɔɖɔ sɩ-ɖɩcaɣyɛ nɛ sɩ-tɔɔnasɩ pɔ-cɔlɔ. Ɛlɛ, paa mbʊʊ yɔ, nabʊyʊ yebina nɛ payaa sɩ-tɩŋa payɩ se sumasɩ. Mbʊ piyeba nɛ payaa sɩ-tɩŋa payɩ se sumasɩ yɔ, mbʊʊ lɛ se sɩwɛna sɩ-tɩŋa keliŋ nɛ si-keliŋ ɩnʊ ɛhaɣna-sɩ waɖɛ se sɩpɩzɩ sɩkʊyɩ ɛsɔdaa. Ɛsɔ wondu kɩlɩzɩtʊ tɩŋa taa payɩ lɛ, sumaɣ ɖeke pɩzɩɣna nɛ kakʊyɩ ɛsɔdaa.
Sumaɣ wɛna njʊyɛ, kɛwɛna keliŋ naalɛ, kɛwɛɛna nangbanzɩ naalɛ nɛ suwa. Sumaɣ ɖʊʊ hala, kapabɩ a-yɔɔ nɛ pʊcɔ alɛ tesi, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se pʊcɔ sumaɣ pɩɣa lɩɩna yaɖɛ taa. Sumasɩ ɛɛsʊʊ ɖɩsɩ, ñɩtʊ taa nɛ tɩŋ yɔɔ nɛ lakɩŋ cikpeŋ nɛ sɔsɔŋ taa sɩsʊʊ. Paa mbʊ yɔ, sɔnɔ, ɛyʊ pɩsɩ sumasɩ cikpesi nasɩyɛ ɖɩɣa sumasɩ. Toovenum lɛ, sumasɩ nasɩyɛ sʊʊ sɩ-tɩ yɔɔ ɖɩsɩ sɔsɔsɩ nasɩyɛ taa. Sɩ-taa lɛ, ɖɩnaɣ sumasɩ nzɩ payaɣ se keŋkenaa yɔ. Ñɩnɩyaa mba pañɩnʊʊ sumasɩ wɛtʊ nɛ ɛzɩma mbʊ sɩwɛɛ yɔ payaɣ se ɔrinitolɔɔkɩ waa.


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Mogaadisiyo
Mogaadisiyo kɛŋna Soomalii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ nɛ ndʊ ɖɔɖɔ kɩlɩna walanzɩ tɛtʊ lɛetʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩñɔtɩna Ɛndɩ teŋgu kpam. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-walanzɩ landammm taa wɛ ɛzɩ ɛkɩtaarɩnaa 63 700 yaa kilomɛtanaa 637.
Pɩnaɣ 2001 taa pakalɩ ɛyaa lɛ, pɛkpɛnda 1 212 000. Pɩnaɣ 2009 taa patasɩ kɩgalʊʊ kalʊʊ lɛ ɛyaa mba panaa yɔ paakpɛnda 1 353 000 nɛ pɩkɔma pɩnaɣ 2015 lɛ, patasɩ ɛyaa kalʊʊ lɛ, palɩ miliyɔɔnaa 2 120 000.
Ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1991 kɛ you nakʊyʊ lɩ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa nɛ kɩfɛyɩ tɛm, kɩtalɩ ɛzɩ pɩnzɩ nɛɛlɛ mbʊ yɔ.


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Hɩɖɛ (Sein)
Hɩɖɛ kɛna mbʊ pɩwɛ halʊ laŋgɩyɛ taa yɔ. Ɛyʊ tɛ lɛ hɩla wɛ naalɛ, nɛ ɛ-laŋgɩyɛ taa kɛ añɔʊ. Tɛtɛ kpɩna naayɛ hɩla wɛ naalɛ, nɛ lɛɛna yɔɔ ñɩna lɛ, aɖɛ naalɛ yɔɔ. Hɩɖɛ taa kɛ hɩlɩm wɛɛ, nɛ hɩlɩm mbʊ, mbʊ halʊ calʊna ɛ-pɩɣa cɩɩɩ nɛ kɔkɔɔ kapɩɩ. Abalʊ laŋgɩyɛ taa hɩla wɛ naalɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɛlɛ atapaɣlɩ ɛzɩ halʊ tɛ yɔ. Ɛyaa tɛ lɛ, paa halʊ yaa abalʊʊ yɔ, hɩɖɛ taa nɛ hɩlɩmɩnaɣ ɖɩcaɣyɛ kpaɣ ɖooo pɩcatʊ pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩ e-evebitu yaa ɛ-pɛlɛtʊ. Ɛlɛ halɩbʊwa ɖeke tɛ kɛ hɩla ana alɩ camɩyɛ.
Pɩlɩna ɖenɖe ɛpaɣzɩ ɛsɔtʊ naʊ yaa ɛpaɣzɩ fenaɣ lɛ yaa ɖɔɖɔ pɩlɩna mbʊ ɛnʊ ɛzɩ ɛcalʊ pɩɣa hɩlɩm yɔ. Halʊ hɩɖɛ nɔɔ taa pɔŋ nɩɩyɛ wɛ fɩɩɩ fɩɩɩ nɛ peeɖe hɩlɩm lɩɣna nɛ pɩɣa mʊzʊʊ. Hɩɖɛ wɛm mbʊ yɔ, ɖɩlɛɛzʊʊ yem yem: kacalaɣ taa lɛ, alɩwaatʊ ndʊ halʊ naɣ fenaɣ yɔ lɛ yaa ɛpaɣzɩ ɛsɔtʊ naʊ lɛ, nabʊlɛ taa lɛ, soŋgaɣ yaa nɩkaɣ ŋga kɛwɛɛ yɔ kɔ-yɔɔ nɛ kpaagbaa taa lɛ, alɩwaatʊ ndʊ pɩkʊyʊna-ɩ yɔ yaa ɛ-hɔɔ taa. Pɩ-tɛ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɩ-tɩŋa tɩ-taa hɩla paɣlʊ nɛ ahɛɛ ɖoŋ pazɩ. Pɩɩsɩɣna se hɩɖɛ wazaɣ kɛlɛ se pɩɣa ɛmʊzɩ nɛ kapaɣlɩ nɛ kɛwɛ ɖoŋ nɛ kpekpka.
Hɩla wɛna wazaɣ lɛɛka ɖɔɖɔ: hɩɖɛ kɛna mbʊ pɩpɩzɩɣ nɛ pɩhɔ abalɩpɩɣa kɛ halɩbɩɣa cɔlɔ. Mbʊ yebina nɛ nabʊyʊ taa, paa halɩbɩɣa ɛɛwɛ ɛzɩma, ehikʊ walʊ nɛ ɛwalɩ. Kʊdɔŋ nakʊyʊ wɛɛ nɛ kɩɩlanɩ hɩlaa ɖeu: ŋgʊ payaɣ se pɩcɛɛɣɖɛ kʊdɔŋ yɔ.


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ÑƲƲ 60
Yesu wɛtʋ lɛɣzʋʋ wɩlɩ ɖoŋ weyi ɛkaɣ wɛnʋʋ yɔ
MAATIYEE 16:28–17:13 MAARKƖ 9:1-13 LUKA 9:27-36
YESU WƐTƲ LƐƔZAA NƐ ƐÑƖLƖSƖ
APOSTOLOOWAA NƖ ƐSƆ NƆƆ
Alɩwaatʋ ndʋ Yesu wɩlaɣ ɛyaa tɔm Sezaaree Filiipu egeetiye nɖɩ ɖiiposini Hɛrmɔɔnɩ Pʋʋ ɛzɩ kilomɛtaanaa 25 mbʋ yɔ, ɖɩ-taa lɛ, eheyi tɔm natʋyʋ apostoloowaa nɛ pɩɖɩɣzɩ-wɛ siŋŋ. Eheyi-wɛ se: “Tʋtʋyɛ taa meheyiɣ-mɩ se: Nabɛyɛ wɛ cɩnɛ, [paakaɣ] sɩbʋ nɛ pʋcɔ pɩtalɩ Ɛyʋ Pɩyalʋ kɔmtʋ e-Kewiyaɣ taa.”—Maatiyee 16:28.
Ɛ-tɔmkpɛlɩkɩyaa wɛɛ nɛ pɔpɔzʋʋ pa-tɩ se ɛzɩ suwe Yesu caɣ yɔɔdʋʋ. Pɩlabɩ ɛzɩ kpɩtaʋ kʋɖʋmʋʋ wayɩ lɛ, ɛkpaɣ apostoloowaa naadozo: Pɩyɛɛrɩ, Yakubu nɛ Yohanɛɛsɩ nɛ ɛkpanɩ pʋʋ sɔsɔʋ nakʋyʋ ñʋʋ taa. Pɩɩkɛ ɖoo taa, mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ, apostoloowaa mba patalɩ peeɖe lɛ, ɖomɖomuu paɣzɩ-wɛ kpaɣʋ. Alɩwaatʋ ndʋ Yesu wɛɛ ɛtɩmɩɣ lɛ, ɛ-wɛtʋ paɣzɩ lɛɣzʋʋ nɛ ɛñɩlɩsɩɣ pɛ-ɛzɩdaa peeɖe. Apostoloowaa mba, pana ɛ-ɛzɩdaa wɛɛ nɛ pɩñɩlɩsɩɣ ɛzɩ wɩsɩ yɔ nɛ e-tokonaa ɖeɣ miŋ nɛ pahʋlʋmɩ layɩ layɩ.
Peeɖe lɛ, panaɣ ɛyaa nabɛyɛ naalɛ, “Moyizi nɛ Eliya” paɖʋ Yesu hɛkʋ. Pa nɛ Yesu pɔyɔɔdʋʋ “ɛ-kʋyʋʋ tɔm ndʋ tɩkɔŋaɣ labʋ Yerusalɛm yɔ.” (Luka 9:30, 31) Pɩtʋʋ fɛyɩ se Yesu kʋyʋʋ tɔm ndʋ lɛ, ɛ-sɩm nɛ e-femtu ndʋ ɛɛtɛm tɩ-tɔm yɔɔdʋʋ yɔ. (Maatiyee 16:21) Tɔm ndʋ “Moyizi nɛ Eliya” nɛ Yesu pɔyɔɔdaɣ yɔ, tɩwɩlɩɣ se sɩm mbʋ Pɩyɛɛrɩ heyi Yesu se pɩtɩpɔzɩ se pɩtalɩ-ɩ yɔ, pɩ-tɔm cɛyɩ siŋŋ.
Mbʋ pɩlaba yɔ, piyeba nɛ lɛɛlɛɛyɔ ɖom cɛ apostoloowaa mba pɛ-ɛza yɔɔ nɛ papaɣzɩ cɔnʋʋ piti lakasɩ nzɩ siɖiɣni labʋ yɔ. Paa Yesu kaalɛɣzɩ ɛ-tɩ kɩlɛɣzʋ yɔ, piti ŋgʋ, Pɩyɛɛrɩ na-kʋ nɛ kɩla ɛ-yɔɔ tʋmɩyɛ siŋŋ nɛ eheyi Yesu se: “Tɔm wɩlɩyʋ, pɩwɛ ɖeu se ɖɩcaɣ cɩnɛ, ɖɩla kizinzikiŋ naadozo, ña lɛɛkʋ, Moyizi lɛɛkʋ, nɛ Eliya lɛɛkʋ.” (Maarkɩ 9:5) Ɛzɩ Pɩyɛɛrɩ yɔɔdʋʋ se pala kizinzikiŋ yɔ, pɩwɩlɩɣ se ɛsɔɔlaa se piti ŋgʋ kiɖiɣni labʋ yɔ, kɩtaaɖɛɛ?
Pɩyɛɛrɩ ɖiɣni yɔɔdʋʋ mbʋ lɛ, ɛsɔdaa mɩndʋ natʋyʋ huuzi pɔ-yɔɔ, tɩñɩlɩsɩɣ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ nɛ panɩɩ nɔɔ nakɛyɛ mɩndʋ ndʋ tɩ-taa se: “Ɛnʋ yɔ ɛkɛ man-Pɩyalʋ kʋsɔɔlʋ, weyi man-taa lakɩ-ɩ nɛ leleŋ yɔ, iwelisini-i.” Apostoloowaa nɩ Ɛsɔ nɔɔ lɛ, sɔɔndʋ kpa-wɛ nɛ papa pɛ-ɛza nɛ tɛtʋ, ɛlɛ Yesu heyi-wɛ se: “Ɩkʋyɩ, itaase sɔɔndʋ.” (Maatiyee 17:5-7) Pakʋyaa lɛ, piti lakasɩ nzɩ, sɩmʋwaa nɛ panaɣ Yesu ɖeke. Teu fema nɛ peɖiɣni ɖɔm nɛ petiki pʋʋ lɛ, Yesu ɖʋ-wɛ paɣtʋ se: “Itaaheyi nɔɔyʋ mbʋ ɩnawa yɔ pʋcɔ Ɛyʋ Pɩyalʋ fe nɛ ɛlɩɩ sɩɖaa taa.”—Maatiyee 17:9.
Ɛzɩma apostoloowaa na piti lakasɩ nzɩ sɩ-taa Eliya yɔ, piyeba nɛ pɔpɔzɩ Yesu tɔm tʋnɛ yɔ se: “Pɩlabɩ ɛzɩma nɛ Takayɩsɩ mayaa tɔŋ se pɩwɛɛ se Eliya ɛpɩsɩ nɛ ɛkɔɔ nɛ pʋcɔ?” Ecosi-wɛ se “Eliya tɛm kɔm nɛ patɩsɩmɩ-ɩ.” (Maatiyee 17:10-12) Yesu yɔɔdaɣ Yohanɛɛsɩ Lɩm Mɩyɩsɩyʋ tɔm na, mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ tʋmɩyɛ nɖɩ ɛlaba yɔ, ɖɩnɩɣzɩnɩ Eliya ñɩnɖɛ. Eliya ñɔɔzɩ nʋmɔʋ Eliizee, nɛ mbʋ ɖɔɖɔ Yohanɛɛsɩ ñɔɔzɩ nʋmɔʋ Krɩstʋ.
Pɩtʋʋ fɛyɩ se piti kʋnɛ kɩkpazɩ Yesu nɛ apostoloowaa ɖoŋ siŋŋ. Pɩlɩzɩ ɖoŋ weyi Krɩstʋ kaɣ wɛnʋʋ e-Kewiyaɣ taa yɔ nɛ pɩwɩlɩ. Ɛzɩ Yesu kaatɛm yɔɔdʋʋ yɔ, toovenim, ɛ-tɔmkpɛlɩkɩyaa panɛ pana “ɛyʋ Pɩyalʋ kɔmtʋ e-Kewiyaɣ taa.” (Maatiyee 16:28) Pɩtʋʋ fɛyɩ se pʋʋ ñʋʋ taa peeɖe, ‘pa-maɣmaɣ pana e-ɖoŋ nɛ pɛ-ɛza pee.’ Paa Farɩsɩ mba kaasɔɔlaa se pana yʋsaɣ ŋga kawɩlɩɣ se Yesu kɛnɩ Wiyaʋ weyi Ɛsɔ lɩzaa yɔ, paakaɣ-kɛ naʋ kaaʋ. Ɛlɛ Yesu tɔmkpɛlɩkɩyaa mba paañɔnɩ-ɩ kpam yɔ, mba hiɣni waɖɛ se pana Yesu kɩlɛɣzʋʋ piti kʋnɛ. Piti ŋgʋ kɩwɩlɩ kpayɩ kpayɩ se Kewiyaɣ yɔɔ natʋ tɔm kɛ toovenim. Mbʋ labɩna nɛ pʋwayɩ Pɩyɛɛrɩ ma tɔm tʋnɛ se: “Mbʋ ɖɩɖɔkɩ nayaa tɔm kpam.” Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ lɛ se piti ŋgʋ, kiyeba nɛ pɔɖɔkɩ nayaa tɔm kpam se tɩkɛ toovenim.—2 Pɩyɛɛrɩ 1:16-19.


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Netrɔɔ
Mbʋ payaɣ se netrɔɔ yɔ, pɩkɩlɩ kɔzʋʋ mbʋ payaɣ se atoom yɔ. Ŋgʋ, atoom ñɛwɛ kpaakpaa ñɩɩɩ. Paapɩzɩɣ pana atoom waa nɛ ɛza pe anɛ, ɛlɛ, anasaayɩ ɛzañɩnɩŋ nɩɩyɛ taa pɔcɔŋna nɛ papɩzɩ pana atoom waa.
Kpɛɖɛ elɛkɩtriki waa wɛna netrɔɔ waa taa. Atoom waa pet aa netrɔɔ waa wɛɛ. Netrɔɔ waa nɛ mbʋ payaɣ se protɔɔ waa yɔ, patamsɩna ɖama atoom waa taa. Ɖoŋ sɔsɔŋ nɩɩyɛ tamsɩna netrɔɔ waa nɛ protɔɔ waa ḿba atoom waa taa.
Protɔɔ waa ɖɔʋ ɖɔʋ mbʋʋ atoom piye taa yɔ, yekina se piye ńɖɩ, ɖɩkɛ kpɛlɩkpɛlɛkʋʋ wonuu. Piyele netrɔɔ waa ñʋʋ ñalakɩna nɛ atoom piye kɛ mbʋ payaɣ se izotɔpʋ yɔ. Netrɔɔ waa mba patamsɩna ɖama atoom piye taa yɔ, paatuu lone, ɛlɛ, netrɔɔ waa mba paba tatamsɩna ɖama yɔ, paba tuu nɛ pɛkɛɣ lona.
Netrɔɔ waa mba patatamsɩna ɖama atoom piye taa yɔ, piileɖiɣ nɛ pamʋʋ. Mbʋ payaɣ se nikiliyɛɛrɩ waa atoom taa yɔ, mba yɔlʋʋna nɛ pɩpɩzɩɣ netrɔɔ waa mba patatamsɩna ɖama yɔ.
Mbʋ payaɣ se quark up nɛ quarks down yɔ, mba wɛna netrɔɔ waa taa. Quark up kʋɖʋm wɛna netrɔɔ taa nɛ piyele quarks down waa ñɛwɛ naalɛ.


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Pɔlɔɔñɩ
Pɔlɔɔñɩ kɛna Erɔpɩ nɛ hɛkʊ nɛ hɛkʊ taa ɛjaɖɛ. Ajɛya wena acɔ-ɖɩ nɛ ata yɔ ana yɔ: wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa lɛ, Caama nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ Ukirɛɛnɩ nɛ Piyeeloorusi, hayʊ kiŋ ɛlɛ Kaliniŋgiraadɩ nɛ Liituwaanii, piyele nɛ hadɛ kiŋ lɛ Cɛɛkɩ nɛ Siloovaaki.
Kedeŋa kpeekpe taa lɛ Pɔlɔɔñɩ kɛna 34 ɛjaɖɛ kɛ ɛyaa ɖɔʊ taa. Pakala ɛyaa ɛlɛ pɛkpɛdɩ miliyɔɔnaa 38.
Pɔlɔɔñɩ wɛ aŋgba ndɩ ndɩ taa: Eerɔpɩ ajɛya kɩkpɛndɩɣ taa ɖooo agoza fenaɣ kacalaɣ wiye pɩnaɣ 2004, Eerɔpɩ lɔŋ-tasɩyaa ŋgbɛyɛ taa, keteŋga kpeekpe tada laɖaa ñɩnɖɛ taa nɛ ajɛya kpeekpe kɩkpɛndɩɣ ŋgbɛyɛ taa.
Caanaʊ tɔm ñɩnɩyaa nabɛyɛ tɔŋ se ɖooo pɩnaɣ 966 kɛ Pɔlɔɔñɩ tɛtʊ taa ɛyaa paɦzɩ wɛʊ nɛ kacalaɣ wiyau kɔyɔ Mieszko Ier. Ɛlɛ Pɔlɔɔñɩ keyiitʊ paɣzɩɣ yɔ pɩnaɣ 1025 taa.
Salaŋ fenaɣ kacalaɣ wiye pɩnaɣ 1939 keteŋga kpeekpe you naalɛ ŋgʊ paazʊʊ yɔ Pɔlɔɔñɩ kɛ pɩpaɣzɩnaa. Alɩwaatʊ ndʊ Reich tuda-kʊ yɔ
Ɛsɩyɛ-egbena tɔm taa lɛ Pɔlɔɔñ ɛjaɖɛ taa wɛɛ sɔzɩŋ: Hɔɔlɩŋ hiu nɛ naanza wɛ UNESCO ŋgbɛyɛ nesi nɛ kɩpɩŋjazɩ lonaa ñatalɩ 54.


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Yuda mba naŋ
Yuda mba naŋ (krɛkɩ kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ EuvaYwYή / Sunagôgê, pʊ-tʊbʊʊ se kpeɣluu pʊmʊna hebra mba tɔm בית כנסת (Beit Knesset), pʊ-tɔbʊʊ ɛyaa sakɩyɛ ɖi-kpeɣliye ɖɩɣa) pɩkɛ Yuda ɛyaa lone nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa pɛsɛʊʊ Ɛsɔ yɔ.
Yuda naŋ taa wɛʊʊ yɔ paa pɩkɩlɩ ɛzɩma yɔ kɩ-taa wɛʊ kɩlaʊ pɩyɛ sɔsɔyɛ, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ lone sɔsɔyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa pasɩɣ Tora yɔ, Tora kɛ Ɛsɔ Tɔm takayaɣ sɔsɔ taa kajalaɣ takayasɩ kagbanzɩ, takayasɩ nzɩ payaɣ se Moose takayasɩ. Kuduyiŋ ɛnʊ ɛ-taa wɛʊʊ ɖɔɖɔ kedizasɩ lona. Ɛ-taa wɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ kpɛlɛkɩtʊ kuduyiŋ cikpeŋ. Yuda naŋ kɩ-taa peeɖe pɛkpɛlɛkʊʊ sɔnzɩ paɣtʊ nɛ hebra kʊnʊŋ paa piyaa yaa ɛyaa sɔsa.
Yuda naŋ pakɩlɩ sɩm sɔnɔ avema taa kɛna Massada ñɩŋʊ, ŋgʊ wabɩna Mer Morte taa, kɛlɛ ɖɩnɩɩ ɖɔɖɔ se kɩbɩŋ nɩɩyɛ wɛɛ ɛzɩ Herodion ñɩŋʊ yɔ, Hérode tɩna-kʊ kɩwɛ ɛzɩ kilomɛta hiu nɛ naalɛ pʊcɔ ŋtalɩ Yerusalem, peeɖe pepima wiyaʊ ɛnʊ, nɛ Gamla ñɩŋʊ wɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ Golan kɩbɩnjaazɩ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ.


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Mahatma Gandhi
Weyi payaɣ se, Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi yɔ, ɛkɛ Ɛɛndɩ ɛjaɖɛ n̄ʋʋdʋ. Ɛnʋ lʋbɩna siŋŋ nɛ ɛjaɖɛ ńɖɩ ɖiyiɣ ɖɩ-yɔɔ wɛʋ. Palʋla-ɩ "Porbandar" tɛtʋ taa aloma fenaɣ kɩyakʋ naalɛ n̄ɩŋʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1869 taa. Pakʋ-ɩ "Delhi" tɛtʋ taa kɔlaɣ fenaɣ niidozo n̄ɩŋʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1948 taa. Payaɣ-ɩ Ɛɛndɩ ɛjaɖɛ ńɖɩ ɖɩ-taa se, Mahatma Gandhi. Hɩɖɛ ńɖɩ ɖɔɖɔ pasɩmna-ɩ kedeŋa kpeekpe yɔɔ. "Sanskrit" kʋnʋŋ taa lɛ, payaɣ se, mahatma, pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se, "ciyam sɔsɔʋ". Ɛlɛ, Gandhi kisi hɩɖɛ ńɖɩ e-wezuu caɣʋ tɩŋa. Ɛɛndɩ kʋnʋmɩŋ sakɩyɛ taa lɛ, payaɣ-ɩ yem se, Gandhi yaa Gandhiji yaa Bapu, pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se, "Caa"
Gandhi kɛkɛ ɛyʋ weyi ɛn̄ɩnaɣ toovenim tɔm ɖeke koŋ yɔ. Ɛtaasɔɔlɩ cɛtɩm tɔm kaʋ. Ɛɛkɛ mbʋ payaɣ se, "satyagraha" yɔ, pʋ-yɔɔ lʋɖʋ siŋŋ. Eyekaɣ se, ɛyaa ɛɖɔ habɛ yɔɔ nɛ pawɩlɩ se, pɔsɔɔlɩ yomiye taa lɩʋ. Ɛtɔsɔɔlɩ heluhelu lakasɩ. Pʋ-yɔɔ ɛtɩŋna hɛɛɛ hɛɛɛ nɛ Ɛɛndɩ ɛjaɖɛ lɩɩ yomiye taa. Gandhi ɖʋ aŋgba sakɩyɛ wena alʋkɩ se, ajɛɛ ɛlɩɩ yomiye taa nɛ paa weyi ɛwɛɛna ɛ-waɖɛ yɔ. Aŋgba ana an̄ɔ kedeŋa kpeekpe yɔɔ. Sɔsaa nabɛyɛ sakɩyɛ lʋba tɩ-yɔɔ wɛʋ waɖɛ yɔɔ siŋŋ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ Gandhi yɔ. Mbaa yɔ : Albert Schweitzer nɛ Martin Luther King nɛ Nelson Mandela nɛ Steve Biko nɛ Dalaï Lama nɛ Aung San Suu Kyi. Ɛlʋkaɣna lɛɣzɩtʋ ndɩ ndɩ ndʋ ansaayɩnaa kɔŋkaɣna yɔ. Ekizaɣ komina n̄azʋʋ n̄azʋʋ mbʋ yɔ. Kedeŋa yɔɔ sɔsaa nabɛyɛ sakɩyɛ tɩŋna Gandhi maɣzɩm yɔɔ nɛ palʋkɩ ɛ-lʋɖɛ pa-ajɛɛ taa.
Gandhi laba ɛyʋ waɖɛ yɔɔ kandʋʋ sukuli Angleterre ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ ɛpɩsɩ tɔmhʋyʋ. Eseɣtaɣ ɛyaa Afrɩka nɛ hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ taa se palɩɩ pɔɖɔ habɛ yɔɔ nɛ pawɩlɩ se, pɔsɔɔlɩ ɛyʋ waɖɛ. Ɛlɛ, ɛtɔsɔɔlɩ se, pɔyɔkɩ nabʋyʋ yaa pala heluhelu lakasɩ kaʋ. Ɛpɩsɩ Ɛɛndɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa lɛ, eseɣti haɖaa nɛ kʋn̄ɔndɩnaa se, pekisi lambuu ŋgʋ pamʋwa-wɛ yɔ. Eheyaɣ-wɛ ɖɔɖɔ se, pekisi ɛyaa hɛkʋ taa tɛyɩtʋ ndʋ tɩwɛɛ yɔ. Ɛlʋbɩna ɖɔɖɔ ɛ-ɛjadɛ taa paɣtʋ ɖoŋ n̄ɩndʋ ndʋ Brimaanɩ waa kaɖʋwa yɔ. Ɛkɔma ɛkɛ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se, "Congrès national indien" yɔ, ɖɩ-n̄ʋʋdʋ lɛ, ɛlʋ se pasɩna kʋn̄ɔndɩna. Ɛlʋba ɖɔɖɔ se, Ɛɛndɩ halaa ɛwɛɛ pa-tɩ yɔɔ. Ɛlʋba siŋŋ se, taabalɩyɛ nɛ ɖama nɩnaʋ pɛwɛɛ ɛyaa hɛkʋ taa, se tɛyɩtʋ natʋyʋ ɛtaawɛɛ pɛ-hɛkʋ taa. Ɛsɔɔlaa se, kʋnʋmɩŋ nɛ Ɛsɔ tɛɛ luŋuu aŋgba pa-nʋmɔʋ taa lɛ, tɛyɩtʋ natʋyʋ ɛtaawɛɛ ɛyaa hɛkʋ taa kaʋ. Ɛsɔɔlaa se, paa anɩ ɛtɔɔ nɛ ɛhaɣ. Ɛlʋba "Swaraj" ŋgbɛyɛ yɔɔ siŋŋ. Ŋgbɛyɛ ńɖɩ ɖɩlʋkɩna se, ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ ɛtaan̄azɩ Ɛɛndɩ ɛjaɖɛ.
Gandhi lɩmaɣza yɔɔ pɩtɩŋnaa nɛ Ɛɛndɩ ɛjaɖɛ lakɩ mbʋ sɔnɔ ɖɩlakɩ yɔ. Ɛtacaɣ wezuu ɛzɩ ɛyʋ n̄ɩm tʋ yɔ kaʋ. Ɛlakaɣ mbʋ payaɣ se, "ashram" yɔ. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se, ɛcakaɣ lakʋ taa yaa pʋʋ taa. Ɛnʋ n̄ɩyaɣna e-wondu ndʋ esuwaɣ yɔ. Esuwaɣ Ɛɛndɩ ɛjaɖɛ wondu ndʋ payaɣ se, "dhoti" nɛ kpootu wondu ndʋ halaa laɣyɩɣ pa-hazasɩ yɔɔ yɔ. Ehuwaɣ kuntu ŋgʋ palʋna kpootu pɩzatʋ yɔ. Ɛlʋkaɣ se pahayɩ hatʋ ɖozi sakɩyɛ. Ɛhɔkaɣ nɔɔ alɩwaatʋ sakɩyɛ lɩŋŋŋ se, ɛwɛɛ kele kele. Ɛlɛ, ɛhɔkaɣ nɔɔ ɖɔɖɔ se, ɛtɩŋna pʋ-yɔɔ nɛ ɛlɛɣzɩ wɛtʋ nɛ lakasɩ mba ɛyaa lakɩ nɛ patamʋna kpem yɔ.
Gandhi kɛŋna Ɛɛndɩ ɛjaɖɛ maʋ yaa lɩzɩyʋ. Ɛnʋʋ lɛ, ɖɩ-caa. Ɛ-lʋlʋʋ kazandʋ kɩyakʋ kɛ Ɛɛndɩ ɛjaɖɛ kazandʋ sɔsɔtʋ. Evemiye ńɖɩ ɖɔɖɔ Kedeŋa kpeekpe ajɛɛ kpɛndʋ ŋgbɛyɛ agbeɣla lɩza pɩnaɣ 2007 taa nɛ payaɣ-ɖɩ se, "Kedeŋa kpeekpe helu helu lakasɩ fɛfɩ evemiye".
E-wezuu caɣʊ tɔm[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Ɛ-pɩcatʊ Ɛɛndɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa(1869-1888)[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
E-sukuli labʊ Aŋgletɛɛrɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa(1888-1891)[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Ɛpɩsʊʊ Ɛɛndɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa yɔ pʊ-tɔm(1891-1893)[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Ɛkɛ takayaɣ taa mayʊ tɔm hʊʊ kpaaŋ taa[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Ɛ nɛ Britaniki komina pa-kajalaɣ you=[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Ɛlabʊ lɩmaɣzɛ se eseɣ Ɛɛndɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa yɔ[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Ɛwɛʊ Afrɩka nɛ hadɛ ɛjaɖɛ taa yɔ(1893-1915)[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Ɛ-pɩsaʊ hulaɣ nakɛyɛ tɔm[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Suluku nakʊyʊ tɔm[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Ɛlʊbɩnaʊ paɣtʊ ndʊ tɩɩ̃nɔɔzʊʊ Ɛɛndɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa samaɣ yɔ[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Ɛtɛlɛm waa nabɛyɛ kʊyʊʊ ɛ-yɔɔ nɛ Ɛɛndɩ samaɣ se nɛ kaɖʊ ajɛya lɛɛna kʊyʊʊ yɔ[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Ɛɖʊʊ nesi Bowɛɛrɩsɩ (Boers) waa you naalɛ ̃nɩŋgʊ ɖeɖe yɔ[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
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41.207.160.90 13:01, 17 February 2016 (UTC)


text:
Max Weber
Max Weber, palʊla-ɩ ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 21 pɩnaɣ 1864 nɛ ɛsɩ mɩsɩkʋm fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 14 pɩnaɣ 1920. Ɛɛkɛ tɔsʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ tʊ nɛ ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ samaɣ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ tʊ, ɛkɛ Caama ɛjaɖɛ taa ɛyʊ weyi ɛlaba waɖɛ sukuli yɔ. Pakpaɣa-ɩ se ɛnʊ kɛnɛ samaɣ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ kiɖe ɖʊyʊ. Ɛ-lɩmaɣza pɔsɔɣ se ɛzɩma ɛla nɛ ɛlɛzɩ ɛyaa lɩmaɣza nɛ pakpaɣ wɛtʊ kɩfatʊ.
Emile Durkhein siɣye taa lɛ, ɛlɛ ɖɔɖɔ pamaza se ɛkɛ samaɣ tʊmɩyɛ kpɛlɛkʊʊ caa mbʊ yɔ, Max Weber kaawɩla sukuli pazɩ ɛlɛ ɛtala a-alɩwaatʊ taa tɛ sukuli. Ɛ-tʊmɩyɛ taasɩna ñɩnʊʊ yeke ɛlɛ, ɛsʊza ɛ-tɩ politiki nɔmɔʊ taa. Paya-ɩ ɖoŋ ɖoŋ se ɛɖʊ nesi nɛ pɔcɔlɩ tɔm Weimar ɛjaɖɛ paɣtʊ takayaɣ taa pɩnaɣ 1919 alɩwaatʊ taa.
Weber kaasɔɔlɩ ɖɔɖɔ Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ aŋgba nɛ ɛñɩnɩɣ a-hɛkɩŋ taa tʊkasɩ nzɩ sɩwɛ nɛ pɩ-tɛ wazaɣ. Pɩtasɩna Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ tʊma yeke ɛlɛ, Weber ñɩna ɖɔɖɔ cɔlɩtʊ pɩlɩna wondu lɛtʊ tʊmɩyɛ labʊ yɔɔ ɛzɩ wabɩtʊ, Ɛjaɖɛ, waɖɛ nɛ minziiki nɛ ŋgbaɣ nɖɛ. Karl Emil Maximilian Weber, kajalaɣ pɩɣa piyaa lutozo hɛkʊʊ taa, palʊla-ɩ pɩɣyɩyaa cejewiye ñɩm nɖɛ naɖɩyɛ taa. E-neu nɔɔyʊ kaɣ kɛʊ ɖɔɖɔ samaɣ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ tʊ sɔsɔ nɔyʊ.
Ɛ-caa (Max ɖɔɖɔ paya-ɩ), kaakɛ ɖɔɖɔ tʊmɩyɛ tʊ sɔsɔ nɔyʊ nɛ paka-ɩ lɩzʊʊ se paɣtʊ lɩzɩyʊ Reichstag Caama ɛjaɖɛ kpɛndʊʊ wayi. E-ɖoo (Hélène, palʊla-ɩ Fallenstein liɖe taa kɛnɛ), ɛ-tɛ nɛ Huginoti pɩtɩŋna e-ɖoo liɖe yɔɔ (Souchay waa), kaakɛ halʊ mɛɛsakula nɛ Ɛsɔ tɔm mʊyʊ nɔyʊ siŋ. Mbʊ lɛ, Max Weber paɣlɩ mɛɛsakula nɛ ñɩm hɔʊ taa. Ɛ-caa kaakɛ peyebinam pɩɣa nɛ e-ɖoo kɛ lɔŋ ñɩm ɖɩɣa taa ɛyʊ. Kpaɣ nɛ pɩnaɣ 1869 hɔʊ ŋgʊ kɩkɔɔ kɩcaɣ Pɛrɩlɛɛ tɛtʊ taa.
Pɩwɛyɩ alewondu nɛ ɛsɩŋ ɛyaa sakɩyɛ e-sukuli taa mbʊ lɛ, Max Weber sɔɔlɩ takayasɩ kalʊʊ sakɩyɛ nɛ ɛñɩzɩɣ kaʊ nɛ kalɩtʊ ɛzɩ (Cicéron, Kant nɛ Machivel nɛ ŋgbaɣ nɖɛ) lɩzɩɣ aseɣɖe ɛzɩma ɛwɛ lɛɣtʊ lɔŋ lɔŋ yɔ. Pɩtasɩna ɛ-tɛ kpɛlɛkɩtʊ yeke ɛlɛ, ehiɣ ñʊʊ leleŋ weyi se ɛkpɛlɛka loŋ sakɩyɛ politiki ɛyaa cɔlɔ kɔɔnaɣ lɔnsɩɖaa cɔlɔ mba ɛ-caa yawaɣ nɛ pɔkɔŋ ɛ-tɛ ɖɩɣa yɔ. Ɛmʊ ɛ-tɛ Abitur wayi lɛ, ewona ɛ-tɩ kɛ Heidelberg waɖɛ sukuli ɖɩlaɖɛ taa.
Pɩnaɣ 1883 alɩwaatʊ taa lɛ, Max Weber wolo Straasbourg se ɛla sɔɔjɔnaa sukuli. Peeɖe ɛɖanɩɣ katʊʊ ɛ-hɔʊ lɛɛkʊ. Weber caɣ e-neŋ cɔlɔ (e-ɖoo kɔɔ), ɛsʊ ɛkpaɣdɩyɛ sɔsɔyɛ naɖɩyɛ taa nɛ e-neŋ walʊ nɛ ɛsɔzɩ-ɩ lɔŋ, tɔm kɛdɩyʊ Hermann Baumgarten, weyi ɛcɔlɔ ɛkpɛlɛka wezuu caɣʊ lɛɛkʊ tɩlɩyɛ kɩfaɖɛ pɩkɩlɩ ɛ-caa maɣmaɣ. Mbʊ kpem ɛkɩlɩ nɛ ɛ-caa yɔ mbʊ lɛ Baumgarten kaakɛ ɛyʊ walaa tʊ nɛ e-nesi tɛ lɩɣ camɩyɛ nɛ ɛtasɔɔlɩ Bismark tɛ politiki tɔm.


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1Wɑɑtʋ wei Yutɑ wulɑʋ Ahɑsiyɑ too Atɑlii nɩɩwɑ sɩ ɩ pǝyɑlʋ Ahɑsiyɑ sǝpɑ, ɩlɛnɑ ɩ́ kʋ́ wulɑʋ tǝyɑɣɑ nyǝ́mɑ tǝnɑ.
2Pɑ kʋkɑɣɑ mpʋ, ɩlɛnɑ Solɑm pɛɛlɔ Yosepɑ, Ahɑsiyɑ neu, lɑ kookɑlɩ nɑ ɩ́ ŋmɩɩlɩ ɩ tɑɑlʋ pǝyɑɣɑ Sowɑsɩ. Nɑ ɩ́ seenɑ nɑ ɩ́ ŋmɛsɩ ɩ́ nɑ ɩ nʋkʋlʋ kɛ Ɩsɔ tǝsɛɛlɛ nɑŋ kʋhǝntʋɣʋ nɑkʋlɩ kʋ tɑɑ. Atɑlii tɑ nyɩ kɑ tɔɔ, hɑlǝnɑ kɑ́ fiti kʋlɑɑ mpɛ.
3Ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ pɑ sɑɑlɑ Ɩsɔ tǝsɛɛlɛ tɑɑ tǝnɑɣɑ pɩɩsɩ nɑɑtoso, nɑ Atɑlii tɔkɩ kɑwulɑɣɑ.
4Pǝnɑɣɑ nɑɑtosompɔɣɔlɑɣɑ nyǝŋkɑ tɑɑ kɛ́ kɔtʋlʋ Yoyɑtɑ kotɑ wulɑʋ tɑŋlɑɑ, nɑ tɑŋlɑɑ lɛlɑɑ nyʋɣʋ nyǝ́mɑ, nɑ ɩ́ ponɑ-wɛɣɛ Ɩsɔ tǝsɛɛlɛ tɑɑ. Nɑ ɩ́ nɑ-wɛ pɑ́ pɛɛlɩ nɔɣɔ nɑ tuunɑʋ, nɑ ɩ́ hʋlɩ-wɛɣɛ wulɑʋ pǝyɑlʋ.
5Ɩlɛnɑ ɩ́ tɔ-wɛ sɩ: Ɩ́ fɑɣɑ mǝ tɑɑ mpɑ pɑ lɑkɩ tǝmlɛ kɛ kʋyɑkʋ kʋhɛɛsʋɣʋ wule tɔ, pɑ tɑɑ kɛ́ kpekɑ tooso. Kɑncɑɑlɑɣɑ nyǝntɛ ɩ́ tɑŋ wulɑʋ tǝyɑɣɑ.
6Nɑɑlɛ nyǝntɛ kɛ Suuu nɔnɔɣɔ, nɑ tooso nyǝntɛ kɛ tɑŋlɑɑ wɑɑlɩ nɔnɔɣɔ tɔtɔ. Kpekɑ ɑnɩ ɑ tooso, ɑ́ kɑ́ tɑŋǝɣǝnɑ wulɑʋ tǝyɑɣɑ, nɑ ɑ́ kɑɑsǝɣɩ tǝmɑ.
7Pǝ kɑɑsɑ mǝ kpekɑ sɔsɔɔnɑ nɑɑlɛ, wei ɩɩ lɑkɩ tǝmlɛ kɛ kʋyɑkʋ kʋhɛɛsʋɣʋ wule tɔ. Pɛlɛ pɑɑ tɑŋnɑ Ɩsɔ tǝsɛɛlɛ kɛ timpi wulɑʋ kʋfɑlʋ wɛɛ tɔ.
8Yoolɑɑ tǝnɑ kɑ́ tɔkɩ pɑ yoou wontu kɛ pɑ niŋ tɑɑ kɛ́, nɑ wulɑʋ ɩ́ wɛ timpi, pɑ wɛ ɩ wɑɑlɩ. Ye yʋlʋ kpɑɩ tʋ ɩ́ kpǝtǝnɑ-wɛ pɑ́ kʋ-ɩ.
9Ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ tɑŋlɑɑ nyʋɣʋ nyǝ́mɑ lɑpɑ teitei ɩsɩɩ kɔtʋlʋ Yoyɑtɑ kɑ́ heeluɣu-wɛ tɔ. Pɑ kotɑ yoolɑɑ mpɑ pɑ lɑkɩ tǝmlɛ kɛ kʋyɑkʋ kʋhɛɛsʋɣʋ wule tɔ, nɑ mpɑ pɑɑ lɑkɩ kʋyɑkʋ ŋkʋɣʋ tǝmlɛ tɔ, nɑ pɑ́ polo Yoyɑtɑ kiŋ.
10Ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ Yoyɑtɑ cɛlɑ-wɛɣɛ wulɑʋ Tɑfiiti ŋmɑntɑɑsɩ, nɑ ɩ kpɑlǝŋ wei ɩ kɑ wɛ Ɩsɔ tǝsɛɛlɛ tɑɑ tɔ.
11Ɩlɛnɑ yoolɑɑ pɩɩlɩ Ɩsɔ tǝsɛɛlɛ ɩsɛntɑɑ ŋkuluŋɑ kɑnɛ, nɑ pǝ́ polo lɛŋkɑ, nɑ pɑ́ tɑŋɑ wulɑʋ.
12Ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ Yoyɑtɑ lǝsɑ Sowɑsɩ nɑ pɑ́ temi-ɩ kɑwulɑɣɑ ntenuɣu. Nɑ pɑ́ cɛlɛ-ɩ kiiŋ tɑkǝlɑɣɑ, nɑ pɑ́ pǝlɩ ɩ nyʋɣʋ tɑɑ kɛ́ nim, nɑ pɑ́ kpɑ-ɩ wulɑʋ. Ɩlɛnɑ yǝlɑɑ tǝnɑ sʋʋ pɑ niŋ tɑɑ kɛ́ mɑpʋ nɑ pɑ́ wilitiɣi nɑ pɑ́ sɛɛkɩ-ɩ sɩ: Mǝ nɑ tɛtʋ wulɑʋ.
13Wɑɑtʋ wei Atɑlii nɩɩ tɑŋlɑɑ nɑ sɑmɑɑ kɔkɔtɛ ńtɛ́, ɩlɛnɑ ɩ́ polo pɑ kiŋ kɛ Ɩsɔ tǝsɛɛlɛ tɑɑ.
14Ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ ɩ loosɑ pǝyɑɣɑ kɛ ɑwulɑɑ tǝsǝŋlɛ. Nɑ wulɑʋ wɑɑlɩ nyǝ́mɑ, nɑ ɑkɑntɛɛ hʋllɑɑ sǝŋɑ kɑ kiŋ, nɑ pɑ́ hʋlǝɣɩ ɑkɑntɛɛ nɑ sɑmɑɑ nɑ́ɑ́ ŋmɑɑlǝɣɩ. Tǝnɑɣɑ Atɑlii cǝlɑ ɩ wontu, nɑ ɩ́ mɑ kɑpukɑ sɩ: Wɑɑlɩ lɩɩʋ ntɛ́, wɑɑlɩ lɩɩʋ ntɛ́.
15Yoyɑtɑ tɑ sɔɔlɩ sɩ pɑ́ kʋ-ɩ Ɩsɔ tǝsɛɛlɛ tɑɑ. Pǝ tɔɔ kɛ́ ɩ tɔmɑ nyʋɣʋ nyǝ́mɑ sɩ: Ɩ́ lǝsɩ-ɩ kpeeŋɑ, nɑ wei ɩ́ tǝŋɑ-mɛ, ɩlɛ ɩ́ kʋ́ pʋntʋ.
16Ɩlɛnɑ pɑ́ lǝsɩ Atɑlii nɑ pɑ́ ponɑ-ɩ kɑwulɑɣɑ tǝyɑɣɑ kpɑɣɑnǝŋ nɔnɔɣɔ nɑ pɑ́ kʋ-ɩ.
17Ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ Yoyɑtɑ lɑpɑ nɑ Tɑcɑɑ, nɑ wulɑʋ, nɑ sɑmɑɑ, pɑ pɛɛlɩ nɔɣɔ sɩ, pǝ́ lɑ nɑ pɑ́ pǝsɩ ɩ nyǝ́mɑ. Nɑ ɩ́ lɑ tɔtɔ nɑ wulɑʋ nɑ sɑmɑɑ pɑ́ pɛɛlɩ nɔɣɔ lɛŋkɑ.
18Ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ sɑmɑɑ polɑɑ nɑ pɑ́ yɔkɩ tʋɣʋ Pɑɑlɩ kutuluɣu, nɑ kɔtɑsɩ tǝlɑtɛnɑɑ nɑ pǝ lɛɛsǝŋ. Nɑ pɑ́ kʋ́ pǝ kɔtʋlʋ Mɑtɑŋ kɛ kɔtɑsɩ tǝlɑtɛnɑɑ kiŋ. Pǝ wɑɑlɩ kɛ́ Yoyɑtɑ kpɑwɑ mpɑ pɑɑ tɑŋ Ɩsɔ tǝsɛɛlɛ tɔ.
19Ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ Yoyɑtɑ kotɑ yoolɑɑ nyʋɣʋ nyǝ́mɑ, nɑ wulɑʋ tɑŋlɑɑ, nɑ tɑŋlɑɑ lɛlɑɑ, nɑ sɑmɑɑ tǝnɑ sɩ pɑ́ kpɑɣɑ wulɑʋ kɛ Ɩsɔ tǝsɛɛlɛ tɑɑ, nɑ pɑ́ sɩɩ-ɩ nɑ pɑ́ tǝŋnɑ tɑŋlɑɑ nɔnɔɣɔ, nɑ pɑ́ ponɑ-ɩ kɑwulɑɣɑ tǝyɑɣɑ tɑɑ. Wɑɑtʋ wei Sowɑsɩ cɑɣɑ kɑwulɑɣɑ kumte tɔɔ,
20ɩlɛnɑ pɑ tǝnɑ pɑ ŋmɑɑlǝnɑ lɑŋhʋlʋmlɛ. Ɩlɛnɑ ɩcɑtɛ cɑɣɑ tǝpɑmm kɛ Atɑlii sǝm wɑɑlɩ.


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Tii
Tii kɛ sɔzɩŋ sʊlʊm mbʊ palaba-pʊ nɛ tii tɩŋ hatʊ yɔ. Pɩkɛ cɔkɔyɛ ndɩ ɖɩ-hatʊ wɛ kpɩzɩŋ yɔ nɛ ɖɩlɩna Azii ɛjaɖɛ taa. Papɩzɩɣ pɔñɔɔ-kʊ nɛ miŋ yaa niikaɣ. Kɩ-taa wɛ epikalokatesiini nɛ kalatɩ nɛ tiiyaniini nɛ kɔfɩ nɛ tii tɛ nɩm. Pɔsɔɔlɩ-kʊ kɩ-leleŋ yɔ nɛ mbʊ kɩwɛ wazaɣ siŋ kɛ ɖoŋ hɔɔlʊʊ taa nɛ ɖɔɖɔ alaafɩya hɔɔlʊʊ taa kɔzɩ kɔzɩ tɩŋ hatʊ sɛmɩŋ tɛ tii.
Tii tɛ lɛ Yunnan pʊŋ taa ɖenɖe paasɩma-kʊ ɖooo canaʊ taa yɔ. Kɩyɛlɩ wɩsɩ ɖooo hayɩ kiŋ taa pʊcɔ kɩtalɩ Erɔpʊ ajɛyaa taa kpaɣɖʊ 16 alɩwaatʊ taa pɩtɩŋna Pɔrɩtɩkɛ taɖɩyɛ laɖaa yɔ. Britaniiki mba paazɩ-kʊ hayʊ Ɛɛndɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa kpaɣɖʊ 19 alɩwaatʊ taa ŋgʊ Fransɩɩ mba nɛ-paɣzɩɣ-kʊ hayʊ Indosiini ɛjaɖɛ nɛ Neeyerɩlandɛ waa nɛ-hayʊ-kʊ Indosiini ɛjaɖɛ taa.
Tii walɩɣ kedeŋga kpeekpe taa kpem nɛ kɩpɩsɩ sɔnɔɔ sʊlʊm mbʊ pakɩlɩɣ-pʊ paale kɛ lɩm wayɩ. Tii naa mba pɔɖɔɔ piŋ ɛjaɖɛ pɩlɩna tɛtʊ cɔlɔ nɛ kɩ-hayɩyaa cɔlɔ ɖɔɖɔ nɛ ɛzɩma pahayʊʊ-kʊ yɔ nɛ ɛzɩma pakpakʊʊ-kʊ hayɩm taa lɛ, pɔjɔŋna kʊ-yɔɔ yɔ. Nɛ pɩtɛ wɛtʊ ndʊ tɩyeba se ɖɩwɛna tii naa sakɩyɛ sɛmɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ taa. Kpɛdɩŋ pindim nɛ tɩŋ hatʊ sɛmɩŋ nɛ caʊʊ sɛmɩŋ nɛ kʊhʊlʊmɩŋ ŋgʊ wɛtʊ lɛɛtʊ yeki se patɩlɩ kɩ-leeleŋ nɛ kɩ-maɣmaɣ kɩwɛtʊ.
Tii ŋgʊ kɩ-tɛ tɩzʊʊ wɛna wɛtʊ ndɩ ndɩ ɖɔɖɔ. Nabʊyʊ taa paɖʊʊ naalɩm nɛ pesidi nɛ sikiri Kewiyaɣ Ɛjaɖɛ taa. Patɩzɩ pɩ-leɖi nɛ pozoki yɛɖɛ yɛɖɛ waa kɛ Moŋgolii ɛjaɖɛ taa. Magrɛbɩ ajɛyaa taa lɛ palakɩ-kʊ nɛ mantɩɩ (menthe) tɩŋ, mbʊ ɖɔɖɔ palakɩ-kʊ Afrika Wɩsɩ Ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa. Ɛɛndɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa lɛ, patɩzɩɣ nɛ paɖʊʊ yɛɖɛ yɛɖɛ waa nɛ naalɩm nɛ patɩzʊʊ-kʊ tii ñanzɩ cikpesi taa.
Tii tɩŋ (Camellia sinensis) kɛ cɔkɔyɛ ndɩ ɖɩlɩna Wɩsɩ Ɖɩlɩyɛ taa ɖooo hayi kiŋ taa yɔ kɛ tii tɩmʊʊ liɖe taa. Tii ŋgʊ lɛ, kɩwɛ tɔm nabutozo taa ɛjaɖɛ yɔɔ cɩna Camellia sinensis assamica (Asam) nɛ Camellia sinensis sinensis (Yunnan) nɛ Camellia sinensis cambodiensis. Ajɛya wena akɩlɩɣ-kʊ hayʊʊ yɔ a-na yɔ, Siini nɛ Ɛɛndɩ nɛ Sriilanka nɛ Fɩyɛtɩnaam nɛ Tayɩwanɩ nɛ Japɔŋ nɛ Nepaalɩ nɛ Tuurkii nɛ Keniya nɛ Tanzani. Ɖɩtɔɔzʊʊ se Sriilanka nɛ Tayɩwanɩ tii mbʊ yɔ pɛpɛɖɩɣ-kʊ nɛ canaʊ hɩla nɛ payaɣ se Ceylan et Formose.


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Misuurii
Misuurii kɛna Etaazunii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ cikpetʊ natʊyʊ. Nɛ Etazuunii ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ ajɛya cikpena naayɛ nɩɩnɩwa kpɛndɩna nɛ aɖʊ nɔɔ nɛ awɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ taa kpaɩ. Etaazunii tɔbʊʊ nɛ kabɩyɛ taa se ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ.
Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩcɔ ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ nɛ tɩta yɔ ndʊ yɔ: Wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ Ilnuwaa, wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa kiŋ lɛ Kanzasii, hadɛ kiŋ lɛ Tenesii nɛ Kɛntukii tɛtʊ wɛna, piyele nɛ hayʊ kiŋ lɛ Iyowa. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Jeefersɔŋ nɛ ndʊ tɩtaa tɩ-taa ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ yɔ ndʊ lɛ Kanzasii tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ.
Pamaza Misuurii ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ taa lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ ɛzɩ 180 693 km2 nɛ ɖenɖe tɛtʊ ñabɩ wɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 178 590 km2 yɔ nɛ ɖenɖe lɩm ñɛwɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe ñɛwɛʊ ɛzɩ 2 101 km2 yɔ pʊtɔbʊʊ se pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 1,16 yɔ kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ. Ɛjaɖ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩkɛŋna 45 ñɩnɖɛ ɛyaa ɖɔʊ taa kɛ Etazuunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ kpeekpe taa.
Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɖɩ kɛŋna ɛjaɖɛ 24 ñɩnɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩsʊ Etaazunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊɣ ŋgbɛyɛ taa yɔ. Ɛlɛ pɩɩkɛ kɩyɛna fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 10 ŋgʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 1821. Pɩnaɣ 2010 taa paakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ paana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 5 988 927 yɔ.
Payaɣ Misuurii ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-ñʊʊdʊ se Eric Greitens (R) piyele nɛ komina ñʊndinaa kɔyɔ: Roy Blunt (R) nɛ Claire McCaskill (D).
Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, ŋgʊ lɛ yɔ Eŋgilisi.


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Tɔŋkɩsɩtɛnɩ
Tɔŋkɩsɩtɛnɩ kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 74 nɛ yʊsaɣ ñɩŋa yɔ W (pɩlɩna Caama tʊ Wolfram yɔɔ). Ɛ-hɩɖɛ anasaayɩ nɖɛ lɩna Sʊyɛdɩ kʊnʊŋ taa tung (pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se yuŋ) nɛ sten (pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se pɩyɛ) nɛ pi-kpeekpe pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se pɩyɛ yuŋ ñɩnɖɛ. Pana tɔnkɩsɩtɛnɩ ñɩɣlɩm tɛtʊ naa sakɩyɛ taa ɛzɩ wolframite nɛ scheelite pa-taa.
Tɔnkɩsɩtɛnɩ tomnaɣ yem kɛ ñɩɣlɩm pʊtʊ kɩɖɛzʊʊ weyi ɛwɛ kpʊzɩyɛɛ, pɩkɛ ñɩɣyʊʊ kʊhʊlʊmʊʊ, ɛwɛ ɖoŋ pɩfɛyɩ yɔɔdʊʊ nɛ ɛcaɣ yuŋ piŋ. Ɛ-maɣmaɣ keeke lɛ palakɩ-ɩ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ kɛ laatriki miŋ ɖeɖe (palakɩ-ɩ nɛ laatriki kanɖʊʊ naa yalaa taa).
Tɔŋkɩsɩtɛnɩ keeke kɛ ñɩɣlɩm pʊtʊ weyi ɛwɛ ɖoŋ piŋ, ɛkɛ ñɩɣyʊʊ kpʊzɩyɛɛ kʊlʊmʊm tɩyɛ ɛzɩ ɛtɛŋ yɔ. Ɛwɛ ɖoŋ keeke kɔyɔ papɩzɩɣ pɛsɛtɩ-ɩ nɛ ñɩɣyɩŋ kela saɣ, kɛlɛ ɛpɛlɩɣ nɛ ɛcaɣ kaɖɛ se palabɩ-ɩ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ yee pɩtɛkɛ ɛ-maɣmaɣ kɔyɔ. Ɛɛpʊkɩ kpaa, kɛlɛ ɛpɩzɩɣ ɛmʊ kalɩkɔdaɣ pazɩ pɩtɩŋna siziŋ lɩm naa yɔɔ.
Peter Woulfe kɛna kajalaɣ tʊ weyi ɛlaɣ naʊ tɔŋkɩsɩtɛnɩ yɔ kɛ pɩnaɣ 1778, ŋgʊ mbʊ lɛ ɛlakaɣ tʊmɩyɛ wɔlframɩtɩ yɔ kɛnɛ. Kɛlɛ ɛna se lɩm mbʊ pɩ-taa kaawɛ lɛɛbʊ mbʊ paasɩŋ-pʊ yɔ. Ɖalaa Juan José nɛ Fausto Elhuyar tʊ na pɩnaɣ 1783 alɩwaatʊ taa ñɩmɩŋ lɩm lɛɛbʊ pɩlɩna wɔlframɩtɩ pɩwɛɛ ɛzɩ tɔŋkɩsɩtɩkɩ. Ɛsɩpañɩ ɛjaɖɛ pɩtasɩ alɩwaatʊ pazɩ pɩnaɣ kʊyʊmaɣ ŋga ka-taa lɛ, ɛyaa mba pa-naalɛ papɩzɩ palɩzɩ tɔŋkɩsɩtɛnɩ kiyeke pɩtɩŋna akayɛ yɔɔ.


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The Beatles
The Beatles kɛna Pritaaniiki wondu teyaa nabɛyɩ pɛkpɛndɩ naanza nɛ palɩna Livɛɛrpuli; mba yɔ: John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison nɛ Ringo Starr. The Beatles kʊnɛ kɩɩkɛna rock nɛ paa ɛzɩ kɩɩyɔka ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1970 kɔyɔ, kɩɩkɛna wondu teyaa ŋgbɛyɛ nɖi ɛyaa kaakɩla sɔɔlɩɣ keteŋa kpeekpe taa yɔ. Wondu teyaa ŋgbɛyɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩlɩwa lɛ ɖiteleɖi, pɩnzɩ hiu ɖeke ɖɩlaba (1962 nɛ 1970), ɛlɛ ɖi-taa wondu teyaa panɛ palɩza wondu tewu tatasɩ kɩfasɩ hiu nɛ naalɛ nɛ polu wondu mɩnɩŋ naalɛ. Ɛyaa panɛ po-wondu lubu taa caɣ kacʊka pɩnzɩ 1963 nɛ 1966. Pɔɖɔna yɛlɩɣ yɛlɩɣ nɛ palɩzɩ wondu tewu takayasɩ lʊbɛ, siŋili waa hiu nɛ naatozo nɛ EPS waa hiu nɛ naalɛ. Payaɣ Beatles wondu teyaa mba se Beatlemania.
Pinzɩ 1960 taa, Beatlemania wondu pakɩlaɣ ɖʊʊ paa le nɛ po-wondu ndʊ tɩmʊwaɣna patʊ ndɩ sakɩyɛ, kpaɣ ɛzɩ: jazz, salsa, reggae, soul yaa ɖoo lɔnda wondu nɛ parɔkɩ. Pɩkɔma pɩtalɩ pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ nɛɛlɛ nɛ kʊɖʊm taa lɛ papaɣzɩ Beatlemania wondu ɖʊʊ ɖɔɖɔ nɛ tɩɖaɣnɩ wɛu ɛyaa nɩŋgbaaŋ taa ɛzɩ kɩfatʊ yɔ. Wondu teyaa panɛ pa-naanza pa-taa lɛ Lennon nɛ McCartney kɛ ɛyaa kpaɣa se mba lɩzɩna The Beatles nɛ eyaa kpakʊɣ po-wondu nɛ nɛ pamaazɩɣna nɛ poluki pɛ-ndʊ.
The Beatles kɛna keteŋga kpeekpe yɔɔ wondu teya mba pakɩlɩ pɛ-tɛ wondu tewu tatasɩ kɛ pɛtɩɣ yɔ. Mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ EMI ñɩnaa nɛ pana se pɩnaɣ 1980 taa pɛpɛda CD waa pɩɖɛ ɛzɩ miliyaarɩ yɔ nɛ powolo Ɛɛndɩ pɩtalɩ ɛzɩ tam 78 yɔ. Pɩtalɩɣ nɛ sɔnɔ yɔ, wondu takayasɩ nzɩ pɛpɛda yɔ sɩɖɛ ɛzɩ miliyaarɩwaa naalɛ yɔ.
Po-wondu natʊyʊ payaɣ se Yesterday (pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se Ɖeɖe), tɩtala ɛzɩ kutokiŋ niitozo yɔ, nɛ pañɩnaa nɛ pala akɔntanaa lɛ, pana se paɖu-tʊ radiyoonaa taa kpem kɛ keteŋa kpeekpe taa paa pɩkɩlɩ ɛzɩma yɔ tam kʊɖumbʊ efemiye taa. The Beatles waa panɛ, pɩpazaa nɛ pɩsɩna keteŋa kpeekpe kɛ kɛ-ɛsɩnda wobu nʊmɔʊ taa pɩlɩna tɔm pee wena peteɣ yɔ, po-wondu suu taa, pa-ñʊŋ taa maɣzɩm taa, pɔ-nɔsɩ taa leleŋ taa nɛ pɔ-lɔŋ sɩnɖɛ taa.


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Sɩkandɩyɔm
Sɩkandɩyɔm kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ 21 nɛ yʊsaɣ ñɩŋa Sc. Ɛkɛ hɛkʊ nɛ hɛkʊʊ ñɩɣlɩm wonuu ɖɔfɩɩ ŋgʊ, e-tomnaɣ hʊlɩma kpʊzɩyɛɛ. Pana-ɩ nabʊyʊ taa tɛtɛɛ nabɛyɛ nabɛyɛ taa kɛnɛ nɛ pɛ-tɛ nɛ Sɩkandɩnafɩ kiŋ. Ɛ nɛ ɩtrɩyɔm nɛ lantanɩdɩ waa pɛwɛna tɛtʊ naa nabɛyɛ taa.
Sɩkandɩyɔm (latɛŋ kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ, scandia pɩwɩlɩɣ se Sɩkandɩnafɩ), Lars Fredrik Nilson lɩna ɛ-yɔɔ pɩnaɣ 1879 alɩwaatʊ ndʊ ɛ nɛ ɛ-ɛgbaɣdɩna tʊmɩyɛ laɖaa pañɩnaɣ kɛdɛɖaɣ tɛtʊ naa yɔ. Nilson ɖʊ se ɛna pʊtʊ ɛnʊ ɛ-wɛtʊ pɩtɩŋna mʊntʊsʊʊ weluu tɛ pɩlɩna tɛtɛɛ esenite nɛ gadolinite pɔ-yɔɔ.
Dmitri Mendeleïev kaayɔpɔdɩ pɩnaɣ 1869 alɩwaatʊ taa kɛ sɩkandɩyɔm tɔm naa nabɛyɛ nɛ ɛyaa-wɛ se ekabore waa, ɛlɛ ɛlabɩ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ ɛ-tɛ wɛɛ paɣtʊ. Per Teodor Cleve lɩ sɩkandɩyɔm kalɩkɔdaɣ alɩwaatʊ kʊyʊmtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɛlɛ tɩwɛɛ ndɩ Nilson ñɩntʊ, Cleve ñawɩlɩɣ se sɩkandɩyɔm nɛ ekabo pɛkɛ kʊyʊm.
Pɩnaɣ 1937, kajalaɣ ɖeɖe palaba ñɩɣlɩm sɩkandɩyɔm pɩlɩna nazɩyʊ yɛkɛlɩnayʊ pɩtɩŋna pɔtasɩyɔm nɛ lɩtɩyɔm nɛ sɩkandɩyɔm kalɩkɔdaɣ pɛkpɛndʊʊ yɔɔ nɛ pɛ-tɛ yɔlʊʊ ɖeɖe yɔ 700 ŋtalɩ 800°C. Kajalaɣ sɩkandɩyɔm liviri ñɩlɩm ŋgʊ keeke pɩtalɩ 99% wɛʊ mbʊ yɔ paalaba-kʊ pʊcɔ pɩnaɣ 1960 wɛɛ.


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Hɔŋkɔŋ
Hɔŋkɔŋ kɛna Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ nɛ peeɖe kɛ ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʋ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa. Hɔŋkɔŋ tɔbʋʋ kɛlɛ se sɔzɩŋ kidiiliŋ. Pɔcɔnaa siŋŋ kɛ pɩnaɣ 2015 taa lɛ, tɛtʋ tʋnɛ tɩ-taa kɛ ɛyaa kɩlɩɣ kpadɩyʋʋ kɛ keteŋa kpeekpe taa. Tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ tʋnɛ tɩwɛ Siini ɛjaɖɛ nɛ ɖɩ-wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taakiŋ nɛ Siini lɩŋgamʋʋ ŋgʋ paya se Mer méridionale yɔ kɩwɛ tɛtʋ tʋnɛ tɩ-cɔlɔ kpam.
Keteŋa kpeekpe taalɛ Niyuu Yɔrɩkɩ nɛ Lɔndrɩ wayɩ lɛ, Hɔŋkɔŋ tɛtʋ tɩŋʋna tɔsʋʋ nɛ ɛsɩndaa wobu tɔm taa. Pɩnaɣ 2014 taa pakalɩ ɛyaa kɛ tɛtʋ tʋnɛ tɩ-taa lɛ, pɛkpɛnda ɛyaa 7 234 800 nɛ tɩ-walanzɩ taa makɩɣna 1 104 km2. Payaɣ tɛtʋ tʋnɛ tɩ-taa tɔm hʋyʋ sɔsɔ tɛ takayaɣ taa mayʋ se Paul Chan Mo-po Rimsky Yuen. Tɛtʋ tʋnɛ tɩ-taa kʋnʋmɩŋ weyi pɔyɔɔdɩɣ komina tʋma taa nɛ pawɩlɩɣ-ɩ sukulinaa taa yɔ, ɩnʋ lɛ Englɩsɩɩ nɛ Mandarɛɛ.


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Vishnou
Vishnou (saniskriti kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ, विष्णु / Viṣṇu, tamuli kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ விஷ்ணு / ), ɖɩkatɩɣ vichnou ɖɔɖɔ payaɣ-ɩ se Hari, Padmanabhi yaa Padmanabha), kɛ ɛsɔ naalɛ tʊ trimūrti (ɖɔɖɔ paya-ɩ se hindoue ɛsɔ naa naatozo), ɛ nɛ Brahma nɛ Shiva. Pasɩma Vishnou pɩlɩna ɛ-tɛ ɛyʊtʊ pɩsɩtʊ yɔɔ. Vishnou ɛyaa tɛ lɛ ɛnʊ kɛna ɛsɔ keeke, pɩkɛ sukuli nakʊyʊ kɛ sukuli naa naalɛ mba pɛtɛyɩɣ Vishnou ɛsɔ tɔm yɔ ɛ nɛ sɩvayɩsm.
Palɩzɩɣ Vishnou ɛzɩ abalʊ yuulee nɛ ɛcaɣ ɛzɩ wiyaʊ, ɛwɛna nesi naananza, sakɩyɛ taa lɛ ɛɖɔkʊʊ pɔpɔɖɛ yaa Chakra, nɛ pɛɖɩyɛ (gada), yambɔyʊʊ yaa shankha, hɛɖʊʊ (padma) kɛ e-nesi taa. Ɛpaŋ hulaɣ nakɛyɛ ɛ-ñʊʊ yɔɔ, nɛ paya-ɩ se kirita-mukuta. Pɛkɛdɩɣ ɛ-tɔm se ɛcakaɣ ɖʊm yɔɔ Shesha. E-cuɖe taa wɛɛ hɛɖʊ nakʊyʊ, Brahma ñalɩna hɛɖʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa, ɛkɛ Dharma nɛ Ahimsa pɩɣa.
Pɩwɛ kaɖɛ se patʊʊzɩ keeke Vishnou ɛsɔ tɔm kiɖe. Veda waa taa lɛ, Vishnou kɛ ɛsɔ cikpelu yem, pɛkpɛndɩ-ɩ nɛ Indra, ŋgʊ Varuna, Mitra nɛ Aryaman kaakɛna kajalaɣ ɛsɔ naa sɔsaa mba Vayu, Agni nɛ Surva kaalɛza yɔ. Ɛsɔ Mitra yebina-ɩ ɛ-wɛtʊ tɩŋa, papazɩna e-tomnaɣ (wɩsɩ) nɛ kpegbeka. Pʊwayi yɔ hindou waa tɛ tɔm kɛdɩtʊ taa kɛ pɔtɔŋ se ɛkɛ ɛyʊ nɔɔyʊ trimūrti taa nɛ ɛsɔ siŋ nɔɔyʊ pɛ-tɛ ɛsɔ sɛtʊ taa.
Tɛtʊ, Bhūmi yaa Bhû Devi, ɖɔɖɔ wɛʊ yɔ pakpa-ɩ ɛkɛ ɛ-halʊ. Vishnou lɩza-ɩ lɩm taa pɩtɩŋna ɛ-Varaha lɛzɩtʊ yɔɔ. Ɛ-lʊlʊʊ tɔm ñɔna ɛsɔ kewyaɣ, Tɛtʊ (Bhūmi) nɛ liidiye ɖoŋ (Lakshmi) kɛna wɛtʊ ndʊ tɩñɔna wiyaʊ kpam. Keeke taa lɛ, sankrit kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ payaɣ wiyaʊ se bhūpati, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se wɩlɩyʊ yaa tɛtʊ walʊ.


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Alfred Hitchcock
Alfred Hitchcoch kɛ laɖʊ, lɩzɩyʊ, ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ Piritaniki sinimaɣ tʊma tanaŋ laɖʊ, palʊla-ɩ kɩyɛɛna fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 13 pɩnaɣ 1899 kɛ Leytonston tɛtʊ taa nɛ ɛsɩ ɖomaɣ fenaɣkɩyakʊ 29 pɩnaɣ 1980 kɛ Bel Air Los Angeles tɛtʊ taa. Ɛyʊ ɛnɛyɔ ɛmʊ niiye Piritaniki tɛtʊ taa sɩnɩma tʊma laɖa tɩŋa yɔɔ pɩtɩŋna 2007 ndɔnjɔɔlɩyɛ pɩlɩtʊ natʊyʊ yɔɔ.
Ɛlakaɣ pɩnzɩ ɛzɩ hiu waa loɖo tʊmɩyɛ taa lɛ, ɛla sinimaɣ naa mba pɔyɔɔdʊʊ yɔɔ hiŋ kɩgbanzɩ nɛ naatozo. Ɛlɛ pʊcɔ lɛ, ɛkalaba sɩnɩma naa mba paayɔɔdʊʊ yɔ nɛ pʊcɔ ɛlakɩ kɩyɔɔda. Alfred kʊyɩ ɛ-ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ ewolo ɛcaɣ Hollywood tɛtʊ taa, pʊcɔ kedeŋga kpeekpe you sɔsɔʊ paɣzɩ. Pʊkɔma ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 20 pɩnaɣ 1955 alɩwaatʊ taa, ɛmʊ Amerika ɛjaɖɛ ɛyʊtʊ ɛlɛ eteyele Piritaniki ɛyʊtʊ ndʊ tiyeba se ɛ-ɛsʊtʊyʊtʊ alɩwaatʊ tala lɛ, pakpa-ɩ se ɛkɛ Piritaniki Ampiiri yɔɔ paɣtʊ yɔɔ sɩŋgɩyʊ.
Alfred Joseph Hitchcock, palʊla-ɩ pɩnaɣ 1899 Leytonstone tɛtʊ taa, tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩwɛ Londre nɛ hayi kiŋ yɔɔ. Ɛkɛ William Hitchcoch weyi palʊla-ɩ pɩnzɩ ɛzɩ 1862 nɛ ɛsɩ pɩnaɣ 1914 alɩwaatʊ taa pɩɣa. E-ɖoo kɔyɔ Emma Jane Hitchcock, palʊla-ɩ Whelan pɩnaɣ 1863 nɛ ɛsɩ pɩnaɣ 1942. Ɛ-caa kaakɛ kalɩma pɛdɩyʊ nɛ tɩŋ pee nɛ hatʊ ɖozi pɛdɩyʊ ɖɔɖɔ.
Alfred weyi e-ɛcɔzɔ hana-ɩ hɩɖɛ yɔɔ, ɛ-caa ɖalʊ, ɛɛkɛ tɩnʊʊ kɛ piyaa naatozo hɛkʊ taa. Ɛ-ñʊʊ yɔɔ mba yɔ, William nɛ Eileen, keeke lɛ, palʊla-wɛ pɩnzɩ 1890 nɛ 1892 alɩwaatʊ taa kɛnɛ. E-liɖe taa ɛyaa sakɩyɛ kaakɛ katoliki mba, kɔzɩ kɔzɩ e-ɖoo nɛ e-neze kɛ cɛjɛ liɖe taa kaakɛ Irlandi ɛyaa. Londrɩ tɛtʊ taa lɛ, Hitchcock laba Ignatius kɔlɛzɩ kɛ Stamford Hill, pɩɩkɛ sukuli ŋgʊ kɩɩwɛ Yeesuu Krɩstʊ ɛgbadɩnaa nesi tɛɛ yɔ.
Evebu ɛnɛyɔ ɛkɛtɩɣ ɛ-pɩjatʊ alɩwaatʊ taa lɛ, ɛɛwɛ eyeke ɛlɛ pakandaɣ ɛ-yɔɔ ɖeu, mbʊ pʊyɔɔ ɛɛwɛ eyeke kɔyɔ se ɛkɩlɩ kiɣ nɛ ɛkɩlɩ paɣlʊʊ. Ɛ-maɣmaɣ ɛpɩzɩ yɔɔdʊʊ se ɛtafɛyɩna ɛgbaɣtʊ ɛ-tɛ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa nɛ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ payi mbʊ yɔ eleyaɣ eyeke ɖɔɖɔ.
Pʊkɔma pɩnaɣ 1914, pɩnaɣ ŋga ɛ-caa sɩba, mbʊ lɛ ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ hiu nɛ nanza yeke, nɛ ɛlɩɩ Ignatius kɔlɛzɩ taa nɛ ɛɖɛɛ ɛlakɩ London County Council School of Engineering and Navigation kɔlɛzɩ kɛ Poplar (Londre). Ɛmʊ ɛ-takayaɣ peeɖe wayi lɛ, pamʊ-ɩ tʊmɩyɛ sukuli ŋgʊ kɩ-taa. Pɩnaɣ 1923 lɛ, ɛkatɩ ɛ-halʊ Alma Reville weyi ɛkaɣ kpaʊ yɔ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ ɛyɛlaɣna Graham Cutts Woman to Woman (pʊkʊ payʊ sɔsɔ) kɛlɛm kɛlɛm yɔ nɛ ɛɖʊ-ɩ nɛ tabalɩyɛ. Ɛlabɩ-ɩ halʊ pɩnaɣ 1926 Londre tɛtʊ taa.


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Olimpiiki aleɣya
Payaɣ Olimpiiki aleɣya ɖɔɖɔ se « Olympiades». Akɛ aleɣya sɔsɔna wena a-taa ajɛya tɩŋa ɖʊʊ nesi yɔ. Ajɛya tɩŋa tiyina pa-aleɣya laɖaa. Hayɩsʊʊ ndɩ ndɩ wɛ aleɣya ana a-taa. Aleɣya wena palakɩ lʊŋʊyɛ taa nɛ wena palakɩ yolim taa yɔ, pɛkpɛndɩɣ a-tɩŋa. Palakɩ aleɣya sɔsɔna ana pɩnzɩ naanza wayɩ. Pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se pɩnzɩ naanza ɖɛʊ lɛ, palakɩ-yɛ, pɩnzɩ naanza ɖɛɛ lɛ pala-yɛ. Palakɩ lʊŋʊyɛ aleɣya nɛ yolim ñɩna nɛ pɛlɛdɩɣ. Krɛɛsɩ caanaʊ ɛjaɖɛ taa palakɩ aleɣya sɔsɔna ana. Palakɩ-yɛ Ɛsɔ sɛʊ pɩlɩʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ se Olimpii yɔ kɩ-taa. Pacalɩ-yɛ labʊ kpaɖʊʊ lutozo ñɩŋgʊ taa nɛ pʊcɔ palʊlɩ Yeesu Krɩstʊ. Ɖajaa Pierre Coubertin ɖaɣnɩna aleɣya ana a-tʊma ñɔɔzʊʊ pɩnaɣ 1894 taa. Ɛnʊ lɩzɩna kedeŋa kpeekpe aleɣya ŋgbɛyɛ; nɖɩ payaɣ se Comité International Olympique (CIO). Pɩnaɣ 1896 taa pacalɩ aleɣya sɔsɔna ana labʊ. Kpaɣna mbʊ yɔ, kedeŋa kpeekpe aleɣya ŋgbɛyɛ cɔŋnana olimpiiki aleɣya yɔɔ. Mbʊ payaɣ se charte olympique yɔ, mbʊ lɩzɩɣna olimpiiki aleɣya paɣtʊ ndɩ ndɩ.
Kpaɣna kpaɖʊʊ nɛɛlɩ ñɩŋgʊ taa lɛ, mbʊ mbʊ pɩlakɩ kedeŋa yɔɔ yɔ pʊ-yɔɔ patɩŋɩɣna nɛ palakɩ olimpiiki aleɣya sɔsɔna ana. Pʊ-yɔɔ pɩtɩŋnaa nɛ evebiya olimpiiki aleɣya nɛ aleɣya ndɩ ndɩ lɛɛna ñalɩɩ ɖɔɖɔ. Olimpiiki aleɣya ndɩ ndɩ ana a-yɔɔ pɩtɩŋnaa ɖɔɖɔ nɛ kedeŋa tɔsʊʊ nɛ politiiki nʊmɔʊ nɛ ñɩɣtʊ ndɩ ndɩ lubu lɛɣtʊ lɛɣzɩ nɛ pɩɖɛɛna ɛsɩndaa pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ kpaɖʊʊ nɛɛlɛ ñɩŋgʊ kʊnɛ kɩ-taa. Ɖajaa Pierre Coubertin weyi eyeba nɛ olimpiiki aleɣya ñɔ yɔ, ɛlɛ lɩmaɣzɛ kɛkɛ se pɩkɛ aleɣya yem. Ɛlɛ, sɔnɔ yɔ olimpiiki aleɣya tɛkɛ aleɣya yem, akɛ tɔsʊʊ nɛ kedeŋa ɛsɩndaa wobu nʊmɔʊ siŋŋ.


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Pogotaa
Pogotaa kɛna Kolombi ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ nɛ hɔɔlʊʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ-kʊ se Kundinamarɩkaa yɔ tɩ-hɔɔlʊʊ taa ñɩndʊ sɔsɔtʊ ɖɔɖɔ. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩɩwɛɛ ɖooo lɔŋ ɛlɛ kɩyɛɛna fenaɣ looɖo pɩnaɣ 1538 kɛ mba pañɩnaɣ se pɛwɛɛna tɛtʊ kɛ Amerika yɔ pa-taa nɔɔyʊ na-tʊ. Payaɣ ñɩnɩyʊ ɛnʊ se Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada nɛ ɛkɛ Ɛsɩpaañɩ tʊ nɛ ɛcaɣ tataa kɛ pɩnzɩ 70 (1509 - 1579). Kolombii ɛjaɖɛ taa lɛ hɔɔlɩŋ sɔsɔŋ wɛ nɛɛlɛ (20) nɛ Pogotaa tɛtʊ kɛŋna ɖenɖe tɔsʊʊ, ñɩm, komina tʊma nɛ politiki tɔm kɩla cɛyʊ yɔ.
Tɛrʊ tʊnɛ tɩwɛ Kolombii ɛjaɖɛ hɛkʊ taa ɖeyi ɖeyi nɛ payawaɣ peeɖe se Pogotaa tuuye. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ nɛ hayʊ nɛ hadɛ lɛ pɩmaɣna kilomɛtanaa 33 nɛ pɩkpaɣʊ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ nɛ piwolo pɩtalɩ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ yɔ pɩwɛ kilomɛtanaa 16. Peeɖe hɔɔlʊʊ taa pʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩkɩla kʊyʊʊ yɔ kɩwɛna mɛtanaa 2 640. Mbʊ yebina nɛ Pogotaa tɛtʊ kɛna tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ natitozo ñɩndʊ kɛ keteŋa kpeekpe taa; kacalaɣ ñɩndʊ yɔ Paazɩ (Polivi) nɛ natʊlɛ ñɩndʊ lɛ Kiitoo (Ekuwatɛrɩ).
Pogotaa tɛtʊ walanzɩ landammm taa maɣna ɛkɩtaarɩwaa 177 598 ha yaa kilomɛtanaa 1 775,98. Pɩnaɣ 2013 taa pakala ɛyaa lɛ pɛkpɛnda miliyɔɔnaa 8 744 000. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ nɛ keteŋa taa ajɛya 42 taa tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ ndɩ ndɩ panɩɣna ɖama nɛ palakɩ tʊma kʊɖʊma se pɛ-tɛtʊ ewobina ɛsɩndaa. Payaɣ tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-yɔɔ cɔnɩyʊ se Gustavo Petro Urrego (2012-2015). Paatɔ caca nɛ weyi Gustavo Petro Urrego lɛɛzaa yɔ ɛlɛ payawaɣ se Antanas Mockus Šivickas.


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Wasɩŋtɔŋ (Tɛtʋ cikpetu)
Wasɩŋtɔŋ kɛna Etaazuunii keteŋa taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ natʊyʊ. Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩwɛna Etazuunii nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ nɛ hayɩ kiŋ. Ɛlɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩkɩla wɛʊ keteŋa ŋga nɛ ka-wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ nɛ hayʊ kiŋ yɔ nɖɩ lɛ Alaskaa. Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩcɔ-tʊ nɛ tɩtaa yɔ, ndʊ yɔ: hayʊ kiŋ lɛ Kanadaa tɛtʊ nɛ Piritaaniiki tɛ Kolombii, hadɛ kiŋ lɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ payaɣ se Oregɔŋ yɔ piyele nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ, Idahoo tɛtʊ ñɛwɛna, pɩkazɩ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa lɛ Pasifiki teŋgu wɛna.
Pɩtɔpɔzɩ se piyiidi ɛyʊ, yee ɛnɩɣ payaɣ se Wasɩŋtɔŋ kɔyɔ. Mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, Wasɩŋtɔŋnɩwaa wɛ nabʊlɛ taa: kacalaɣ ñɩŋgʊ lɛ kʊkʊ wɛ Etazuunii nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa nɛ ŋgʊ lɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ; piyele naalɛ ñɩŋgʊ lɛ, ŋgʊ pɔyɔɔdʊ kʊ-tɔm yɔ nɛ kʊnɛ kɩwɛna Etazuunii nɛ kɩwɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ nɛ nɛ hayʊ kiŋ.
Ɛlɛ tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩnatʊlɛ mbʊyʊ yɔ Amerika ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊtʊ weyi payawaɣ-ɩ se George Washington yɔ, ɛ-hɩɖɛ pɛcɛla tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩtɩŋa. Sɔdʊ kɔnɛ, George Washington, ɛnʊ kɛŋna Etazuunii ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊtʊ kacalaɣ ñɩnʊ.
Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-walanzɩ landammm ta wɛ ɛzɩ kilomɛttanaa 184 824. Hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ kacalaɣ wiye pɩnaɣ 2010 taa pakalɩ ɛyaa kɛ Wasɩŋtɔŋ tɛtʊ taa lɛ, pana ɛyaa miliyɔɔnaa 6 724 540. Mbʊ yebina nɛ pana se tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩkɛna 13 ñɩndʊ kɛ Etazuunii tɛtʊ kpeekpe taa ndʊ tɩ-taa ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ yɔ.
Pɩnaɣ kʊɖʊmaɣ ŋga ka-taa pakalɩ piya mba palʊlaa lɛ, pɛkpɛnda 12,9 kɛ ɛyaa mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ pa-taa lɛ oiya ɛzɩ 4,5 sɩkɩ; nɛ ɛyaa mba pazɩba yɔ papa kpɛnda ɛyaa 7,2kɛ ɛyaa mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ. Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pɔyɔɔdʊ tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa yɔ, ŋgʊ lɛ aŋgilisi.


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Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie
Palʊla Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie kɛ salaŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 15 pɩnaɣ 1977 kɛ Abaa tɛtʊ taa, ɖenɖe payaɣ se Anambra yɔ, pɩwɛna Naajeeriya ɛjaɖɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ nɛ hadɛ kiŋ nɛ ɛsɩ pɩnaɣ 2017 ɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 40. Ɖenɖe siŋŋŋ palʊlayɩ yɔ lɛ Enugu nɛ ɛcaɣ sukuliu kɩtɛzʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ-kʊ se Nsuka yɔ kɩ-taa, kpaɣna pɩnaɣ 1960, pɩwɛna Naajeeriya nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ nɛ hadɛ kiŋ. Palʊla-wɛ pɛkpɛnda ɛyaa looɖo nɛ Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie kɔyɔ kagbaanzɩ-tʊ.
Ɛ-caa kawɩlaɣ sukuli kɩtɛzʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa akɔnta ŋgʊ kɩtazʊʊ huwa lɛɛna taa nɛ payaɣ-kʊ staatistiki yɔ nɛ e-ɖoo ñɔɔzaɣ sukuli ŋgʊ kɩ-tʊma ɖamɩŋ taa. Pɛkɛ kooka ŋga payaɣ-kɛ Abaa yɔ ka-taa ùba nɛ pɛwɛ Anambra taa.
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie kaawɛna pɩnzɩ 19 lɛ, ɛɖɛɛ Etaazunii, Pɛnsilvanii tɛtʊ taa nɛ ɛpaɣzɩ communication et les sciences politiques kpɛlɛkʊ sukuli kɩtɛzʊ ŋgʊ kɩwɛ Trɛksɛlii, Fiilaadɛlfiya tɛtʊ taa yɔ kɩ-taa. Pɩnaɣ 2001 kɛ ɛmʊ e-sukuli ŋgʊ kɩ-takayaɣ nɛ ɛ-tʊmɩyɛ kɛkɛdɩna ɛ-wɩlɩyaa pɩkɩlɩ lala payɩ nɛ paha-ɩ samtʊ tʊmɩyɛ nimiye.
Pɩnaɣ 2003 taa ɛtɛza ɛtasa mʊʊ e-sukuli tɛzʊ takayaɣ takayɩsɩ maʊ taa sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ-kʊ se Uniivɛrsite Johns-Hopkins nɛ kɩwɛ Baltimore yɔ kɩ-taa.
Pɩnaɣ 2008 taa ɛtasa mʊʊ sʊkulɩ kɩtɛzʊʊ taa takayaɣ Afrika takayɩsɩ maʊ taa Yale sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ taa. Pɩnaɣ kʊɖʊmaɣ ŋga ka-taa paha-ɩ samtʊ takayaɣ ŋga payaɣ-kɛ se MacArthur yɔ nɛ samtʊ nima ndɩ ndɩ kɛ Harvard sukuli kɩtɛzʊ taa. Pɩnaɣ 2017 taa ɛmʊ e-sukuli kɩtɛzʊ takayaɣ ŋga payaɣ-kɛ se Tɔktoora yɔ kɛ takayɩsɩ maʊ nɛ sɩ-tɔm kpɛlɛkʊ kɛ Edimburgii sukuli kɩtɛzʊ taa. Pɩnaɣ kʊɖʊmaɣ ŋga ka-taa kɛ Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie kʊyɩ ɛjaɖɛ ɖinɛ ɖi-yɔɔ.


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Naalɩm
Nalɩm yaa hɩlɩm pɩkɛ wezuu kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ lɩm mbʊ pɔtɔkɩ yɔ. Lɩm mbʊ pʊhʊlʊma nɛ palɩzɩɣ-pʊ kpɩnaa halɩñɩna wena awɛna hɩlaa yɔ a-taa. Hɩlaa a-naa a-taa wɛ nalɩm sikiri, mbʊ kɛna kajalaɣ tɔɔnaɣ kɛ mbɔsɩ nɛ pɔcɔ paapɩzɩɣ papazɩɣ tɔɔʊ tɔnasɩ lɛɛsɩ. Pʊcɔ pɩtalɩ hɩlɩm maɣmaɣ alɩwaatʊ lɛ, pʊtɔbʊʊ se kajalaɣ hɩlɩm alɩwaatʊ lɛ, hɩlɩm taa wɛ tɔmnaɣ kaɖɩnayʊ weyi ɛ-taa wɛ pʊtʊnaa mba palʊkɩna kʊdɔmɩŋ mbɔka cikpelaɣ tomnaɣ taa yɔ. Hɩlɩm mbʊ pɩ-taa wɛ ñɩm tɔɔnasɩ sakɩyɛ.
Ɛyaa lakɩ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ naalɩm mbʊ ɖɩɣa kpɩnaa haɣ ɛzɩ tɔɔnaɣ yɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ kpeekpe taa lɛ, ñɩtʊ ajɛyɛ wenaa ahaɣ hɩlɩm yɔ, hɩlɩm mbʊ pɩtalɩ tɔnɩ naa miliiyɔɔ naa 730 pɩnaɣ 2011 taa nɛ ajɛyaa wenaa akɩlɩɣ tɔɔʊ tɔɔnaɣ ŋga yɔ a-naa yɔ Ɛndɩ nɛ Eerɔpʊ nɛ Ositralii nɛ Etaazuunii nɛ Siini nɛ Ruusii.
Naalɩm lɩzɩɣ pɩkɛ tʊmɩyɛ ndɩ kpɩnaa halɩ ñɩnaa yeke koŋ pɩzɩɣ yɔ. Palɩzɩɣ hɩlɩm kɛ kpɩnaa halɩ ñɩnaa hɩlaa taa yaa ɛyʊ weyi paya-ɩ se halʊ yɔ ɛ-tɛ hɩla taa. Kajalaɣ hɩlɩm mbʊ palɩzɩɣ hɩlaa taa payaɣ se kɔɔnaɣ hɩlɩm nɛ pɩ-taa wɛ tomnaɣ taa kʊdɔmɩŋ lʊbɩnayʊ.
Kajalaɣ naalɩm tʊmɩyɛ lɛ se pacalɩ-pʊ pʊdʊ weyi palʊla-ɩ cɩɩɩ yɔ. Tɔɔnaɣ ŋga kamɩna nɛ kɛwɛ ɖeu se pahaɣ-kɛ weyi palʊla-ɩ cɩɩɩ yɔ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ ka-taa ñɩm sakɩyɛ mbʊ piyeki se cɩɩɩ ɛnʊ ɛpɩsɩɣ sɔsɔ yɔ. Pʊtɔbʊʊ se ɛzɩma ɛɛkɔɔ ɛtalɩ ɛ-maɣmaɣ ɛ-tɔɔnaɣ ñɩnʊʊ nɛ tɔɔʊ alɩwaatʊ. Nalɩm lɩzɩɣ kɛ tʊmɩyɛ ndɩ ɖɩkɛ hɩlaa kpɩnaa tɛ pɩyʊʊ yɔ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ ɛlʊlʊʊ pɩɣa yɔ.
Naalɩm hʊlʊma nɛ pɩ-taa wɛ pɩyɩŋ tɩyɛ nɛ pɩwɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ sʊtʊ lɩm sɛmɩŋ tɩyɛ nɛ pɩcaɣ sotu. Mbʊ pɩwɛ pɩ-taa nɛ pɩwɛna tomnasɩ ɖɔnɛ nɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ wɛtʊ lɩɣna ɖɔɖɔ kpɩnaa tɛ wɛtʊ cɔlɔ nɛ kpɩnaa liɖe cɔlɔ. Pɩtɛ wɛtʊ naa mba palɩɣna kajalaɣ hɩlɩm lɩɣ alɩwaatʊ cɔlɔ nɛ mʊzʊʊ alɩwaatʊ cɔlɔ.


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John Maynard Keynes
John Maynard Keynes, palʊla-ɩ mɩsɩkʊm fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 5 pɩnaɣ 1883 kɛ Cambridge tɛtʊ taa nɛ ɛsɩ ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 21 pɩnaɣ 1946 taa kɛ Firle tɛtʊ taa. Ɛyʊ ɛnʊ ɛɛkɛ tɔsʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ laɖʊ, tʊmɩyɛ sɔsɔyɛ tʊ nɛ takayasɩ kɩmamasɩ tʊ Pritaniki ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛ-hɩɖɛ kʊyɩ kedeŋga kpeekpe taa.
Ɛɛkɛ pɩɣaevelo yem mbʊ yɔ, ɛtɛm wɛnaʊ pɩzɩtʊ sakɩyɛ, pɩ-nɛ takayaɣ ŋga ɛma pɩlɩna Versaille tɛ nɩnaʊ lɩmaɣza yɔ ŋga paya kɛ se laŋhɛzɩyɛ tɔsʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ kazʊwa yɔ, ŋga posusa kɔ-tɔm pɩnaɣ 1919 taa nɛ saʊlaa tɔm takayasɩ nɛ evemiye taa tɔm takayasɩ. Ɛ-kajalaɣ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ kaakɛ cenji nɩnaʊ tɔm takayaɣ. Ɛ-tʊma sakɩyɛ kaakɛ paakpekiɣ tʊma mʊ sakɩyɛ sakɩyɛ nɛ kɛzɛɣa nɛ cenji tɔm (pɩnaɣ 1936 alɩwaatʊ taa.
Palʊla John Maynard Keynes kɛ sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ liɖe ndɩ ɖɩkɛ ñɩm liɖe. Ɛ-caa kaakɛ John Neville Keynes, ɛnʊ kaakɛna ketiizasi ñʊŋ tʊ kɛ Cambridge sukuli kɛtɛzʊʊ taa ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ takayaɣ ŋga kawɩlɩ ɛzɩma pɛkpɛlɛkɩ tɔsʊʊ labʊ yɔ tɛ mayʊ, takayaɣ ŋga payaɣ se Ɛnglɩsɩ kʊnʊŋ taa se The Scope and Method of Political Economy, palɩzɩ-kɛ pɩnaɣ 1890 alɩwaatʊ taa. E-ɖoo payaɣ se John Maynard, Florence Ada Brown.
Pekpeɣkuu se hɩɖɛ Keynes lɩna Cahagnes Normandi taa. Cahagnes ñalɩna latɛŋ pɩtɛɛ ñɩŋgʊ taa casnus. Pɩlɩna hɔʊ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ mbʊ Keynes laba yɔ lɛ, ɛna se Chagnes tɛ William lʊlɩna-ɩ, ɛɛkɛ Guillaume ɛgbaɣtʊ nɔyʊ. Ɛnglɩsɩ tɛ kpɛlɩ lɛzɩtʊ yɔɔ kpaɣɖʊ 17 alɩwaatʊ taa lɛ, ɛ-hɔʊ kaakɛ katoliki ɛyaa nɛ kɩ-taa ɛyaa sakɩyɛ pɩsɩ Yeesuu ɛgbaɣtɩnaa kɛlɛ pɛcɛtɩ kɩ-yɔɔ tɔm nɛ pamɩlɩ kɩ-ñɩm tɩŋga payi.


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Feveku n̄ɩɣyʋʋ
Feveku n̄ɩɣyʋʋ kɛna kaɣnaɣ labɩtʋ ndʋ tɩ-tɛ lɛɛzɩtʋ kaanawaa kaaŋ kɛ wɛɛ yaa kpaɖʋ hiu nɛ lutoozo n̄ɩŋgʋ taa yɔ. Feveku n̄ɩɣyʋʋ kʋnɛ, kɩkɛ pɩdaa n̄aɣyɛ ciɣduu n̄ɩɣyʋʋ awayɩ yaa nɔɔ yɔ n̄ɩŋgʋ (moteur à combustion externe) ŋgʋ kɩlɛɛzʋʋ miŋ saʋʋ kpegbeka yaa hoɖe (énergie thermique) tɛ lɩm feveku ŋgʋ paa pɩɩla ɛzɩma feveku ɖɩlɩyɛ lɩzɩna pʋ-yɔ nɛ pɩpɩsɩ n̄ɩɣyʋʋ ciɣduu tɩyɛ yɔ.
Feveku n̄ɩɣʋʋ kɛ n̄ɩɣyʋʋ ciɣduu (énergie mécanique) mbʋ pɩkɛ kajalaɣ taa n̄ɩmbʋ mbʋ ɛyʋ pɩza nɛ ɛɖɔkɩ ɖeu camɩyɛ yɔ. Pɩkɛ kajalaɣ hoɖe kpɛlɛkʋʋ tʋmɩyɛ nɖɩ sakɩyɛ tɩlaɣ lɔŋ nɛ ɖoŋ ɖoŋ yɔ. Ɛlɛ, sakɩyɛ taatɩlɩ lɔŋ kɛ lɩm nɛ heɣlim po-ɖoŋ yaa po-hoɖe tʋmɩyɛ labɩnaʋ lɔŋ. Feveku n̄ɩɣyʋʋ kʋnɛ, kihiu kɩ-wazaɣ samtʋ siŋŋ kɛ alɩwaatʋ ndʋ tɩ-taa tʋma ndɩ ndɩ (industrie) kpawaɣ ɖoŋ siŋŋ yɔ kɛ kedeŋa yɔ.
Ɛlɛ, pʋwɛna-ɖʋ size ɖɩtɩlɩ size, pɩkɔma ɛzɩ kpaɖʋ nɛɛlɛ yaa hiŋ naalɛ n̄ɩŋgʋ taa kɛ mbɩ yɔ lɛ kɛ, feveku n̄ɩɣyʋʋ kʋnɛ, kɩwɛɛ kɩɖɩŋ pazɩ pazɩ. Kɩfama wɛɛ palɩɣ nɛ sakɩyɛ sɔʋ kɩpɩma yɔ. Pɩ-tɛ alɩwaatʋ ndʋ tɩ-taa kɛ n̄ɩɣyʋʋ ŋgʋ payaɣ kʋkʋ size kpeɖe kɩn̄ɔnɔyɛ (turbine à vapeur) yɔ nɛ ciɣduu n̄ɩyʋʋ nazɩyʋ n̄ɩŋgʋ (moteur électrique) nɛ pɩtasɩna pɩdaa n̄aɣyɛ ciɣduu n̄ɩɣyʋʋ (moteur à combustion interne) palɩwa. Patɩŋgɛ payɩ mbɩ yɔ pahana n̄ɩɣyʋʋ ciɣduu. Kɔɔnɔɔ tʋma kɛ lɩm feveku labɩnaʋ nɛ tʋma kaakɛ ɖoo lɔnda kajalaɣ mba lɩmaɣza laɣsɩ.


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Kantɔnɛɛ kʊnʊŋ
Kantɔnɛɛ kɛ Canton tɛtʊ taa kʊnʊŋ Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛlɛ, ŋcɔnaa kʊnʊmɩŋ taa kɔyɔ, yʊsaɣ sakɩyɛ wɛ Kantɔnɛɛ kʊnʊŋ nɛ Mandarɛɛ kʊnʊŋ pɛ-hɛkʊ taa. Mbʊ ɖɔɖɔ ɖɩnaɣ Ɛsɩpaañɩ nɛ Fransɩɩ pa-kʊnʊmɩŋ hɛkʊ taa. Ɛlɛ, paa kʊnʊmɩŋ ɩnʊ ɩ-nɩʊ maʊ taa ɛwɛ camɩyɔ kɔyɔ, pɩtɩŋna Siini tɔmpe wena akɛ kʊyʊma yɔ a-yɔɔ.
Mandarɛɛ tɛ tʊkaɣ kɛlɛ se kʊwɛna yɔɔdasɩɩ naanza nɛ Kantɔnɛɛ kʊnʊŋ ñɛwɛɛna kʊkʊ yɔɔdasɩɩ nakʊ, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se yɔɔdasɩɩ nasɩyɛ lɩʊ ndɩ ndɩ tam nakʊ nɛ sɩwɛɛna tɔbʊʊ nɩʊ tam nakʊ pɩlɩɩna yɔɔdʊtʊ nɔɔ cɔlɔ. Pʊwayɩ lɛ Kantɔnɛɛ kʊnʊŋ tɔmpe tɛyɩʊ taa lɛ, nabʊyʊ taa nasɩyɛ tɛzɩɣna abalɩ masɩ (p, b, m, n, ng, g, k, d, t) ŋgʊ Mandarɛɛ kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ, halɩ masɩ yeke nɛ abalɩmasɩ naalɛ yeke koŋ (n, ng) kɛ tɔmpiye tɛzɩʊ taa.
Pamaɣ-kʊ nɛ Siini tɔmpe, a-taa naayɛ kɛ kɩ-maɣmaɣ kɩ-masɩ nɛ, yaa paatasɩɣ-sɩ katʊʊ kaʊ kɛ Mandarɛɛ kʊnʊŋ taa. Mbʊ lɛ, papɩzɩɣ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ-sɩ yaa palakɩna-sɩ tʊmɩyɛ pazɩ pazɩ nɛ sɩtɛ sɩwɛɛna kamaɣ. Ɖɩkpaɣ ɛzɩ Jyutping matʊ yɔ.
Siini nɛ hadɛ kiŋ aŋgba kɛna dooo poliŋ ñɩna wena amɩza lɔŋ lɔŋ ajɛyɛ lɛɛna taa yɔ se papɩsɩ aŋgba wena alɩna Siini tɛ mɩzɩ kɛ ajɛyaa taa yɔ. Kantɔnɛɛ kʊnʊŋ pɩza nɛ kɩcaɣ ɛzɩ ŋgʊ pɔyɔɔdʊ na ɖama, kɔzɩ kɔzɩ anglo-saxon ɛjaɖɛ taa, ɛlɛ kɩɖɩna kʊɣ Mandarɛɛ kʊnʊŋ.


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Piyaɣ (pyramide)
Piyaɣ kɛ sakɩyɛ n̄ayaɣ ɖɔɖɔ size pʋʋ. Piyaɣ kɛna hɔɔlɩŋ sakɩyɛ kʋlɔmʋʋ yaa hɔɔlɩŋ sakɩyɛ tʋ ɛzɩ payaɣʋ nɛ fransɩ kʋnʋŋ taa size "polyèdre" yɔ. Hɔɔlɩŋ sakɩyɛ kʋlɔmɩŋ ɛnɩ, palaba-ɩ nɛ ɛɖɔkɩ ɖama kpam kpam nɛ ɛwɛ kʋlɔmɩŋ sakɩyɛ hou tɩyɛ. Piɣa ŋga ka-kʋyɩ siŋŋ nɛ kɛfɛyɩ size pɔyɔɔdɩ. Piɣa ŋga, kekina yaa kegbeetina ɖoo kɔ-tɔbʋʋ tɛ nɛ kɛwɛ cʋlʋ cʋlʋ kpaɣʋ yɔɔ kpaɣʋ yɔɔ.
Alɩwaatʋ ndʋ piɣa fɛyɩ camɩyɛ ɖeyi ɖeyi yɔ, ɖɩnaɣ size kɛwɛʋ ɛzɩ-ɩ wonuu yaa taŋga-ɩ ŋgʋ kʋwɛna hɔɔlɩŋ nɩɩnza nɛ ɛɖalakɩŋ nɛ ɛwalanzɩ wɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ kɩmaŋ yɔ. Pɩcɔ nɛ pasa piɣa size kɛwɛ camɩyɛ tʋɖʋɖʋʋ lɛ, pʋwɛ size kɛwɛ kʋlɔmɩŋ naadozo tɩyɛ ɛzɩ payaɣʋ nɛ fransɩ kʋnʋŋ taa size "triangle" yɔ. Kɩwɛʋ mbʋʋ lɛ, kɩ-nɔɔ lɛɛka yaa kɩ-nɔɔ hayuu n̄ɩŋga wɛɛ; cʋlʋ cʋlʋ nɛ kakpana ɛsɔdaa kiŋ.
Piɣa kʋlɔmɩŋ kɩmaŋ tɩyɛ ɖalakɩŋ taa nɛ walanzɩ taa, ɛzɩ payaɣʋ size "carrée" yɔ nɛ fransɩ kʋnʋŋ taa nɛ kolonzi kagbanzɩ tɛ yaa kʋlɔmɩŋ naalɛ nɛ pɔɔyaɣ tɛ ɛzɩ payaɣʋ nɛ fransɩ kʋnʋŋ taa size "pentagonale" pɩzʋʋ ɖɔɖɔ pɛwɛɛ ɛzɩ pamaʋ nɛ hɔɔlɩŋ lɛɛŋ yɔ. Piɣisi lɛɣsɩ wɛɛ ɛzɩ "Johnson" tɛ wondu ɖon n̄ɩndʋ yɔ.
Piɣisi tɩŋgɛ payɩ kɛ mbʋ payaɣna fransɩ kʋnʋŋ taa size "auto-duaux" waa yo. Piɣisi kɛna hɔʋʋ cikpeluu ŋgʋ kɩlɩna hɔʋʋ sɔsɔʋ ŋgʋ payaɣ size "prismatoïdes" waa yɔ nɛ fransɩ kʋnʋŋ taa yɔ.


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Frédéric Chopin
Frédéric François Chopin kɛna soo luɖu nɛ wendu luɖu sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ. Ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ piyano maɖʋ sɔsɔ siŋŋ. Ɛ-piyaanoo mabʋ wɛ camɩyɛ kpem welesuu taa. E-liɖe lɩna Fransɩ nɛ Pɔlɔɔñɩ pa-ajɛɛ taa.
Palʋla-ɩ pɩnaɣ 1810ñɩŋga taa Żelazowa Wola tɛtʋ taa Pɔlɔɔn̄ɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛsɩba pɩnaɣ 1849 ñɩŋga taa Fransɩ tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ taa. Fransɩ tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ lɛ Paarii tɛtʋ. Ɛlɛ, Lorraine tɛtʋ taa ɖeyi ɖeyi palʋla-ɩ..
Ɛtɛma ɛ-tɛ soo mabɩtʋ tʋmɩyɛ kpɛlɛkʋʋ Farsoovii tɛtʋ taa.
Ɛ-cɔʋ taa kpɛɛ kɛ ɛkata ɛ-taabalʋ yaa ɛgbaadʋ George Sand, nɛ ɛlɛ wɛɛ ɛ-cɔlɔ pɩnzɩ nakʋ (9). Abalʋ ɛnɛ yɔ, ɛnʋ kaakɛna soo lɩzɩyʋ nɛ wendu teu sɔsɔ siŋŋ nɔɔyʋ kɛ minziiki hɔɔlʋʋ taa ɛjaɖɛ maɣzɩm kɛzɩyɛ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ wɛɛ taa.
Frédéric Chopin kɛna ɖɔɖɔ piyaanoo maɖʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ siŋŋ weyi sakɩyɛ tɩlɛyɩ yɔ. Kpaɖʋʋ hiu nɛ nakʋ taa mbʋ yɔ lɛ, ɛnʋ kaakɛnɛ piyanoo maɖʋ kɔɔnɔɔ tʋ. Ɛ-tɛ minziiki cɩmʋʋ ŋgʋ, pɔɖɔna kɩ-mabʋ halɩ nɛ sɔnɔ. Pɩkɛna tam wonuu nakʋyʋ, E-piyaanoo mabʋ nɩʋ wɛ camɩyɛ siŋŋ. Minziiki ŋgʋ kɩ-hɩɖɛ wɛ minziikiwaa tɛlɛnzɩ sɔsɔsɩ yɔɔ.


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Eelɛkɩtroniiki
Eelɛkɩtroniiki kɛna tomnaɣ kpɛlɛkʋʋ lɛɣtʋ piliŋa nakɛyɛ. Pɩ-tɛ piliŋa ŋga kalakɩna nɛ nabʋyʋ wɛɣna tomnaɣ wɛtʋ nɛ camɩyɛ labɩnaʋ nazɩyʋ tʋmɩyɛ taa. Pɩwazɩɣ siŋŋ kɛ tɔm kususutu nɛ tɔm kʋmʋmʋtʋ hɔɔlʋʋ taa. Eelɛkɩtroniiki yekina nɛ pɩ-tɛ tɔm ndʋ tɩtalɩ camɩyɛ ti-woɖe nɛ tɩ-mʋyaa wʋʋ-tʋ camɩyɛ ɖɔɖɔ.
Ɖɩtɩlɩ ɖɔɖɔ size, nabʋyʋ taa lɛ, pakpakɩɣ eelɛkɩtroniiki nɛ palakɩna tomnasɩ kekeɖii kʋdɔmɩŋ kpeekpe. Pɩtɛkɛ pi-ɖeke ɛlɛ, eelɛkɩtroniiki ŋgʋ, palakɩna-kʋ nɛ tʋmɩyɛ kɛ lɛdɩmɛlɛdɩ nazɩyʋ tʋma sakɩyɛ taa ɖɔɖɔ. Eelɛkɩtroniiki ɛɛpɩzɩɣ kɩla kʋ-tʋmɩyɛ ɖeu yee lɛdɩmɛlɛdɩ nazɩyʋ ɛfɛyɩ kɔyɔ.
Nabʋyʋ taa ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, nazɩyʋ wɛna walanzɩ nzɩ sɩfɛyɩ ɖoŋ yɔ. Pɩ-tɛ alɩwaatʋ ndʋ tɩ-taa lɛ, nazɩyʋ walanzɩ nzɩ sɩkɛ mɛnfɛyɩ ɖoŋ n̄ɩnzɩ siŋŋ yɔ, sɩwɛ wazaɣ siŋŋ eelɛkɩtroniiki taa. Pɩtɩŋɛ payɩ mbʋ yɔ, pʋ-tɔbʋʋ lɩzʋʋ lɩɣna ɛzɩma mbʋ yee tɔm kususutu natʋyʋ ɛcaɣ se tɩtalɩ ɖoli nɛ ɖoŋ n̄ɩɩɩ nɛ tɩ-wazaɣ tɔɖɔɔ kɔyɔ.
Alɩwaatʋ ndʋ tɩ-taa ɛyaa naalɛ n̄ɩnɩɣ size pala ndɔnjɔɔlɩyɛ naɖɩyɛ pɩlɩɩna tɔm natʋyʋ yɔɔ lɛ, pʋwɛna-wɛ size pɔyɔɔdɩ ɖoŋ.
Ɖɩɖɔkɩ ɖɔɖɔ se eelɛkɩtroniiki ɖoŋ kɩkpaɖɩŋ n̄ɩŋgʋ nakʋyʋ wɛɛ. Kɩkɛ nazɩyʋ tʋmɩyɛ labɩnaʋ tʋmɩyɛ kpɛlɛkʋʋ tɛ piliŋa nakɛyɛ. Kɩwɛ wazaɣ siŋŋ nazɩyʋ labɩnaʋ kpɛlɛkʋʋ tʋma piliŋa taa.


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Sophie Kiɖeɖeu Keɖeyaɣ wondu ɖɩɣa
Sophie Kiɖeɖeu Keɖeyaɣ wondu ɖɩɣa payana anasaayɩ taa size Musée Sainte-Sophie. Hɩɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩtɔbʋʋ palɩza kɛlɛ size «lɔndʋ yaa lɔnzɩnɖɛ tʋ kiɖeɖeu». Padasɩ paɣlɩzɩ ɖi-tɔbʋʋ ɖɔdɔ size«lɔndʋ yaa lɔnzɩnɖɛ tʋ ɛsɔ keem». Nɛ Tuurkii ɛjaɖɛ kʋnʋŋ taa lɛ, paɖanɩ keɖeyaɣ wondu ɖɩɣa Sophie kɩɖeɖeu hɩɖɛ sɔsɔyɛ nɖɩ yaʋ size krɩstʋ Ɛsɔ sɛʋ ŋgbɛyɛ kuduyuu tʋ Kɔnsɩtantiinɔplɩ.
Ɛsɔ sɛʋ ŋgbɛ kuduyuu sɔsɔʋ Kɔnsɩtantiinɔplɩ ngʋ, pama-kʋ kajalaɣ taa keeke kɛ kpaɖʋ naanaza(4) alɩwaatʋ taa. Nɛ paɖaɣnɩ-kʋ maʋ kɛ nabʋlɛ ɖeɖe camɩyɛ kpoŋgozuu yaa kɩpaɣlɩ camɩyɛ kɛ kpaɖʋ loɖo (6) alɩwaatʋ taa.
Ɖɩɖɔkɩ camɩyɛ size matʋ ndʋ kɩwɛna halɩ nɛ sɔnɔ. Nɛ matʋ sɔsɔtʋ ndʋ, tɩpɩsaɣ pɩwayɩ kɛ, cinŋili yaa malɩŋ Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ ŋgbɛ kuduyuu kɛ kpaɖʋ hiu nɛ kagbanzɩ (15) alɩwaatʋ taa. Pɩɩkɛ ɖajaa sɔsɔ Mehmet 2 n̄azɩtʋ taa yaa malɩŋ ɖiɣiyuu tɛ alɩwaatʋ taa.
Kuduyuu sɔsɔʋ kʋnɛ, kɩwɛna lɩm nɔɔ yɔ kɛnkɛ kiŋ nɛ ɖooo canaʋ taa ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ paya-ɖɩ size Isitambuli yɔ. Ɖɩɖɔkɩ lɛɛlɛɛ yɔ size, kɩ-tatasɩ kɩkɛ ciŋili yaa malɩŋ Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ ŋgbɛ kuduyuu. Yaa ɛzɩ, kɩlaŋ lone yaa Ɛsɔ samtʋ lone naɖɩ, ɛlɛ, ɖɩpɩsaɣ lɛɛlɛɛ yɔ Sophie Kiɖeɖeu keɖeyaɣ wondu ɖɩyaɣ.
Keɖeyaɣ wondu ɖiyaɣ kanɛ, ka-kadaɣ wala wandam nɛ pɩkɛna, Pɩzansɩ kɛ samtʋ maɣzɩtʋ. Nabʋyʋ taa lɛ, paɖaɣna keɖeyaɣ wondu ɖiyaɣ kanɛ hɩɖɛ sʋʋ size Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ ŋgbɛ sɔsɔyɛ. Paasiliki(basilique) kɛna krɩstʋ yatʋ ɖeke koŋ. Nɛ payaɣ tobi size Ɛsɔ lɔŋ.
Ɛsɔ tɔm kpɛlɛkɩ tʋ sɔnzɩ kaaɣlɩza hɩɖe yaa yatʋ ndʋ tʋtɔbʋʋ. Kɔɔnɔɔ paasiliki kɛ krɩstʋ mba caanaʋ wɛɛ taa payaɣ n̄amtʋ hɩɖɛ ɖɩnɛ size Ɛsɔ keem lɔŋ. Ɖajaa wiyau sɔsɔ, Constantin kaasɔlana size payaɣ hɩɖɛ nɖɩ kɛ pɩnaɣ 330 taa kɛ etisuu krɩstʋ yɔɔ wayɩ.


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Kinsasa
Kinsasa kɛna Kɔŋgo ŋgʊ payaɣ-kʊ se RDC yɔ kɩ-tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ. Ɖooo ɛzɩ pɩnzɩ 1881 nɛ 1966 taa lɛ, payawaɣ tɛtʊ ndʊ se Leopolidvili pɔcɔ pʊwayɩ payaɣ-tʊ se RDC. Pɩnaɣ 2016 taa pakalɩ kɩgalʊ lɛ ɛyaa mba panaa yɔ pɛkpɛnda ɛyaa miliyɔnaa 12 071 000. Tɛʈu tʊnɛ tɩ-walanzɩ landammm taa maɣna kilomɛtanaa 9 965. Afrika ajɛya tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ kpeekpe taa lɛKɛɛrɩ nɛ Legɔsɩ tɛtʊ wayɩ lɛ, Kinsasa tɛtʊ taa kɛ ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ.
Keteŋa kpeekpe taa lɛ, tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩwɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ yɔ. Kinsasa tɛtʊ wɛ pɔɔ ŋga payaɣ-kɛ se kɔŋgo yɔ kɩ-hadɛ kiŋ piyele kɩha ɛsa nɛ Kɔŋgo Pirazavili. Tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ tʊnɛ ɖooo lɛ mba paalɛɣ caɣʊ peeɖe yɔ paakɛ Pantu mbaa; payaɣa-wɛ Teke nɛ Humbu waa. Pɩkɔma pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ XVIII nɛ XIX taa lɛ Kinsasa kaakɛna ɖenɖe tadɩyɛ ɖɔŋgaɣ camɩyɛ kpem yɔ.
Pɩnaɣ 1881 taa kɛ ñɩnɩyʊ weyi payaɣ-ɩ se Henry Morton Stanley yɔ ɛya Kinsasa tɛtʊ se Leopold tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ. Ɛya-tʊ mbʊ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ ɛcaɣa se ɛɖʊmna hɩɖɛ kɛ Pɛlɩzɩ kewiya ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊtʊ weyi payaɣ-ɩ se Léopold Naalɛtʊ yɔ. Kɔŋgo ɛjaɖɛ taa payɩ lɛ, Kinsasa taa kɛ tʊma ndɩ ndɩ wɛɛ: tɔsʊʊ nɛ ɛsɩnda wobu wɛ, tadɩyɛ, sukulinaa sɔsaa nɛ sukulinaa kɩtɛzʊ, sɔɔjanaa pɩlɩʊ wɛ ɖɔɖɔ.
Ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1920 taa lɛ Kinsasa tɛtʊ taa ɛyaa kaawɛ cabɩ yem nɛ paamaɣna ɛyaa 1 600 nɛ pɩnaɣ1950 lɛ patalɩ ɛyaa 202 000, piyele pɩnaɣ1960 lɛ paawɛ 4443 000; pɩnzɩ 1970 taa kɛ peeɖe ɛyaa talɩ miliyɔɔ nɛ paawɛ 1 070 000; pɩnaɣ 2000 taa lɛ pakalɩ ɛyaa lɛ pɛkpɛnda 5 414 000 nɛ pɩnaɣ 2010 taa lɛ pɛwɛ 8 415 000.
Kinsasa tɛtʊ nɛ ajɛya naayɛ taa tɛtʊ natʊyʊ kpɛndɩɣ nɛ tɩlakɩ tʊma kʊɖʊma nɛ a-taa kɔyɔ: Pirazavili (Kɔŋgo), Prukisɛɛlɩ (Pɛliziki), Taakarɩ (Senegaalɩ), Teeraŋ (Iranɩ), Utirɛstɩ (Peyibaa). Payaɣ Kinsasa tɛtʊ yɔɔ cɔnɩyʊ se André Kimbuta Yango.


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Tower Bridge Kondoloko
Tower Bridge kɛna kondoloko kɩ-pɩsʋʋ. Pʋtɔbʋʋ size, kɩkɛ kondoloko ŋgʋ ki-leŋgbetuu yaa kɩ-pɩsʋʋ kɩ-tɩ ɛzɩ pombo yaa tɔkaɣ lɩm yɔɔ yɔ. Kondoloko kɩ-pɩsʋʋ kʋnɛ, kɩ-cɛzʋʋ yaa kɩ-ɖɛzʋʋ egeetiye nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ size Tamise yɔ. Kɩ-kʋya siŋŋ nɛ kɩ-wɛ lɩm sɔsɔm nabʋyʋ hɛkʋ taa.
Kɩ-wɛ tɔm hʋyʋ waɖɛ tʋ tɛ Southwark nɛ Tower Hamlets pɛ-hɛkʋ taa. Pɩ-n̄ɔtɩna kpam kɛ Lɔndrɩ tɛ kuduyuu sɔsɔʋ. Peeɖe ehiɣ hɩɖɛ yaa payaɣɩ size Tower Bridge. Kondoloko ŋgʋ, kɩkɛ kondoloko nanaazawaa taa nakʋyʋ ŋgʋ tʋma laɖaa ŋgbɛ nɖɩ paya-ɖɩ se Lord-Mayor yɔ ɖɩ-cɔŋana a-tʋma labʋ yɔɔ yɔ.
Kondoloko Tower Bridge kʋnɛ, kɩwɛ Pool of London egeetiye taa. Kɩ-sɩʋ tɩnaɣ yaa kamaɣ kɛ Upper Pool lone nɛ kɩ-lɩm ɖɩlɩyɛ yaa ɖɩbazɩyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ taa kiŋ, palɩzɩɣ pʋtɔbʋʋ tobi yem size lɩm kiɖe nɛ Lower Pool lone nɛ kɩ-pɔɔ ɖɩgbenɖe hɔɔlʋʋ taa kiŋ. Pɔtɔ kɛlɛʋ yem size hɔɔlʋʋ ŋgʋ kɩ-taa lɩm kpeŋna yɔ.
Kɩ-tɛ alɩwaatʋ matʋ taa lɛ, Tower Bridge kʋnɛ, kɩɩkɛna kondoloko ŋgʋ kɩɩkɩla paɣlʋ siŋŋ nɛ kɩ-tɛ ɖɔɖɔ kɩ-kɩlɩ kɛʋʋ kondoloko kɩ-pɩsʋʋ n̄ɩŋgʋ kpem ŋgʋ pakɩla-kʋ maʋ camɩyɛ kpem yɔ. Patatɩɩ ma-taa matʋ ndʋ kaʋ kɛ wiɖina nɛ pana.
Tower Bridge kondoloko kʋnɛ, kɩ-ndɩ matʋ yebina nɛ, patɩlɩ-kʋ pɩŋŋ kɛ kedeŋa yaa ɛjaɖɛ kamasɩ kpeekpe yɔɔ payɩ. Ncɔna kɔyɔ, ŋna size kondoloko kʋnɛ, kɩ-wɛna kuduyuŋ sɔsɔŋ nɩyɩɩ naalɛ. Nɛ kuduyuŋ ɛnʋ ɛtɩlɩna yaa ɛɖɔkɩna-kʋ.
Nɛ kuduyuŋ sɔsɔŋ ɛnʋ, ɛyɔ posusaɣ yaa popuza n̄ɩɣma wena a-wɛ ɖoŋ siŋŋ yɔ, afɛyɩ gotuu kaʋ yɔ. N̄ɩɣma ana, paakotuu n̄ɛ kaʋ. Salala (tablier) nʋmɔʋ nakʋyʋ wɛɛ nɛ, mɛlɛ waa mba pakɩla kʋyʋʋ siŋŋ yɔ, patɩŋgʋ-kʋ. Nɛ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, naŋgbanzɩ tɩna kondoloko waa naalɛ n̄ɛwɛɛ nɛ, pɛwɛ kandɩ maŋgandɩ cɛŋga tɩyɛ nɛ cʋlʋ cʋlʋ ɖeɖe yɔɔ kiŋ.
Kondoloko ŋgʋ, kɩ-tʋmɩyɛ n̄ɩɣyɩŋ kpeekpe kaawɛ samaɣ ɛsɩnda ɖoo pɩnaɣ 1982 taa. Pɩɩkɛ keɖeyaɣ n̄ɩɣtʋ. N̄ɩɣyɩŋ ɛnʋ ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ lɩm tɛɛ tʋma n̄ɩɣyɩŋ, mbʋ yɔ, palakanayɩ ɖɔɖɔ lɩm tɛɛ tʋma kɛ pɩnaɣ 1886 nɛ pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩ pɩnaɣ 1894.Pɩnzɩ nzɩ sɩ-taa, Sir John Wolfe-Barry nɛ Horace Jones kamawa kondoloko kɩ-pɩsʋʋ ŋgʋ.
Kɩjatɩnaʋ walanzɩ taa katala mɛtɛwaa 273 mbɩ yɔ. Ɖɩtɩlɩ ɖɔɖɔ size ɛzɩ ɛnʋ sɩzɩ kondoloko kʋnɛ kɩkʋya siŋŋ yɔ lɛ, pɩcɔ nɛ patalɩ ɖɔo kʋ n̄ʋʋ taa lɛ, pɩɩpɔza n̄ɩɣyʋʋ kɩkpazʋʋ yaa ɛzɩ tendema.


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Nɛptʊnɩyɔm
Nɛptʊnɩyɔm kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ takʊʊ nɛ wiluu pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-yʊsaɣ mayaɣ kɔyɔ Np nɛ ñʊʊ ñɩŋa 93. Ɛkɛ ñɩɣlɩm pʊtʊ weyi ɛtɔʊʊ cɛnzɩ yɔ, ɛ-tɛ nɛ akɩtɩnɩdɩ waa tɛ kiŋ. Ɛ-tɛ ɖiɣɖiɣ agbele, nɛptʊnɩyɔm 237 wɛʊ yɔ pitaa piye ñɩɣyɩŋ taa palakɩ-ɩ.
Pana-ɩ cazʊ cazʊ ʊranɩyɔm taa ɖɔɖɔ. Kaliforni sukuli sɔsɔʊ taa pana-ɩ pɩnaɣ 1940. Mbʊ yɔ ɛnʊ tɩŋɩɣna ʊranɩyɔm wayi kɛ pʊtʊnaa caɣyɛ kpata taa yɔ, pɛkɛtɩna Neptune tɛlɛŋa nɛ paya-ɩ hɩɖɛ, ɛnʊ weyi ɛtɩŋɩɣ Uranus wayi kɛ wɩsɩ cɔlɔ yɔ.
Edwin McMillan nɛ Philip Abelson panana nɛptʊnɩyɔm pɩnaɣ 1940. Palaba natʊ tʊmɩyɛ nɖɩ kɛ Berkeley Radiation Laboratory Kaliforni sukuli sɔsɔʊ taa Berkeley, peeɖe ŋgbɛyɛ pɩza ɖɩlɩzɩ agbele 239 ñɩnʊ nɛptʊnɩyɔm taa, ɛ-tɛ fezuu titiɖe kɛ kɩyakɩŋ 2,4, pɔyɔkaɣ ʊranɩyɔm 238 nɛ nasɩyʊ sɩɣlɩyʊ fɛyɩ waa. Pɩkɛ alɩwaatʊ hɛkʊ taa ñɩndʊ ndʊ tiyeba nɛ polu plʊtɔnɩyɔm yɔ.
Salaŋ fenaɣ pɩnaɣ 2002 alɩwaatʊ kɛ ñɩnɩyaa Kalifornie sukuli sɔsɔʊ (Los Alamos takɩɣ nɛ wiluu tʊmɩyɛ taa), palakaɣ tambaɣ tʊmɩyɛ pɩkɛna mbʊ se polu hɔzɩŋ nɛ pahazɩna Amerika ɛyaa, wɩlɩɣ se pezita pazɩ nɛptʊnɩyɔm 237 nɛ ʊranɩyɔm kɩbaŋʊ yɔ papɩzɩɣ polu malɩfa yuŋ ñakʊyʊ nakʊyʊ.


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Klarɩnɛɛtɩ
Klarɩnɛɛtɩ kɛna kɩlabɩnaʋ minziiki wonuu ŋgʋ kɩwɛ ɖasɩ hɔʋ taa kɛnɛ yɔ. Patɩlɩɣ-kʋ nɛ kɩ-nimaɣ kiwilaɣ kɛlɛʋ n̄ɩŋʋ. Klarɩnɛɛtɩ kʋnɛ, pazaɣ-kʋʋ ɖaʋ tɩyɛ nɛ kɩ-taa wɛ pɔʋ nɛ kɩwɛ tilimaɣ tɩyɛ wɛtʋ. Abalʋ weyi paya-ɩ se Johann Christoph Denner yɔ, ka-lɩzɩna kʋ pɩnaɣ 1690 n̄ɩŋa taa. Ɛpaza lɩzɩ-tʋ ndʋ pɩnaɣ 1655 nɛ pɩnaɣ 1707 n̄ɩŋa taa lɛ, ɛtɛ kɩlɩzʋʋ kɛ Nuremberg tɛtʋ taa. Cɩmʋʋ nimaɣ kɩpɩnaɣ yɔɔ pɩtɩŋɩna.
Cɩmʋʋ nimaɣ kɩpɩnaɣ nakɛyɛ kɔyɔ: luujaɣ. Klarɩnɛɛtɩ kɛ kɩtɩzɩnaʋ wonu kpɛndɛ tɛ kʋhʋlʋʋ. Klarɩnɛɛtɩ nakʋyʋ wɛ tilimaɣ tɩyɛ wɛtʋ, pa-hʋyɩ kɩ-taa pɔʋ, nɛ kʋwɛ ndɩ kpeɖem.
Nɛ pɩtɩŋɛ payɩ mbɩ yɔ pɩsɩnɛyɩ nɛ e-kiwilaɣ lɛzɩɣ. Ɛ-tɛ nɔɔ kʋyʋmaɣ nikaɣ wiluu tʋkaɣ wɛ muduleee wɛtʋ. Minziiki wondu kʋhʋlʋtʋ tɩŋɛ taa payɩ lɛ, klarɩnɛɛtɩ kʋhʋlʋ kʋnɛ yɔ, kɩ-wɛna tɛsiturɩ sʋsɔʋ nakʋyʋ nɛ kʋwɛ wilitu kpaʋ nɛ tibu ndɩ ndɩ hɛkɩŋ taa ɛzɩ tam nabudozo taa mbɩ yɔ.
E-kpilina minziiki wondu hɔʋ ŋgʋ yɔ, kɩ-jaa wɛʋ kɩtɩŋa nɔɔ kʋɖʋmaɣ lɛɛzɩɣ, pɩkpaʋ nɛ klarɩnɛɛtɩ hayi nɛ hadɛ n̄ɩŋʋ pɩkɔ pɩsɩna klarɩnɛɛtɩ sopranino ŋgʋ.
Palakɩna wonuu klarɩnɛɛtɩ kʋnɛ minziiki anasaayɩwaa cɩmɩŋ ɖeɖe nɛ sɔnzɩ cɩmɩŋ ɖeɖe ɖɔɖɔ. Kʋwɛ ɖɔɖɔ jazz mabʋ taa ɖɔɖɔ.


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Liibii
Liibii kɛna Afrika nɛ hayʊ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ nɛ ɖɩwɛ ajɛya wena awɛ Maagrɛbɩ taa yɔ. Liibii nɛ hayʊ kiŋ lɛ, Mediteraanee teŋgu, wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa lɛ Alzeerii nɛ Tunizi, Hadɛ kiŋ lɛ Niizɛɛrɩ nɛ Caadɩ, pɩkazɩ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ Liibii sɩ kamaɣ nɛ Suudaŋ nɛ Egipiti.
Walanzɩ taa lɛ, ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩkɛ naanza ñɩŋɖɛ Afrika taa nɛ 18 ñɩnɖɛ keteŋga kpeekpe taa. Ɖɩwalanzɩ taa maɣna 1 759 540 km2. Peeɖe ɛyaa makɩɣna ɛzɩ miliyɔɔnaa looɖo yaa litoozo yɔ. Tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ kɔyɔ Tiripoolii nɛ ɛyaa kpɛndɩ miliyɔɔnaa kʊɖʊmʊʊ nɛ kutokiŋ litoozo. Pʊwayɩ lɛ Pɛŋgazɩ (650 000), Misirata (350 000) nɛ Ɛlɩ-Beyida (250 000). Ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-ñɩm kpilina karazɩm yɔɔ.
Liibii mʊ kɩ-tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊ kɛ mɩnzɛma fenaɣ pɩnaɣ 1949. Weyi ɛɛɖa kelaɣ yɔɔ caɣʊ yɔ ɛnʊ lɛ Wiyao Idris Ier. Ɛ-hɩɖɛ sɔsɔyɛ kɔyɔ Sidi Muhammad Idris al-Mahdi al-Sanoussi.
Pɩnaɣ 1969 kɛ Ɖiiyu Mouammar al-Kadhafi kʊ ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊtʊ Idris Ier nɛ ɛkpaɣ kpelaɣ nɛ eɖiyu ɛ-ɛjaɖɛ ɛzɩ Egipiti ɛjaɖɛ ñɩnʊ Gamal Abdel Nasser yɔ.
Kpaɣ lɛlaɣ fenaɣ 2011, mba pakaɖɩɣna kewiyaɣ yɔ papazɩ ñɩnɩɣ se pʊwɛ ɛzɩmaa yɔ Kadhafi kʊyɩ kpelaɣ yɔɔ. Ñam ñam lakasɩ la nɛ minisri weyi ɛcɔŋna tɔm hʊʊ yɔɔ yɔ pasɩ-ɩ kpelaɣ yɔɔ se ɛcɔna ɛjaɖɛ yɔɔ nɛ ɛɛñɔɔzɩ takayasɩ ɖʊzʊʊ. Pɩla mbʊ nɛ hɛɛɛ hɛɛɛ pɔkɔɔ pehiu Mouammar al-Kadhafi pakpa-ɩ nɛ pakʊ-ɩ aliwaatʊ ndʊ ɛcaɣ se ese nɛ ɛmɛlɩ Siriti yɔ.


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Pombe
Pombe yaa Mumbayɩ kɛna Ɛɛndɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa weyi payaɣ se Maharashtra yɔ ɛ-tɛ tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ. Pɩnaɣ 2011 taa kɩgalʊʊ ŋgʊ pakalaa yɔ, panaa se ɛyaa kpɛnda miliyɔɔnaa 12 478 447. Ɛndɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa payɩ lɛ, Pombe tɛtʊ kɩlɩna paɣlʊʊ nɛ yee pɛkpɛndɩna Mumbayɩ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-tɛ ageeta cɩkpɛna payɩ kɔyɔ ɛyaa pɛnaɣ peeɖe yɔ pakɩla ɛzɩ miliyɔɔnaa 18 414 288 yɔ. Mumbe tɛtʊ taa ageeta cɩkpena, anaa yɔ: Navi Mumbayɩ, Piwandɩ, Kaliyanɩ, Ulasinagarɩ nɛ Tani.
Keteŋa kpeekpe taa lɛ, Mumbaɩ tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩkɛ looɖo ñɩndʊ kɛ tɛtʊ sʊzʊtʊ kpeekpe taa. Ɛndɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa lɛ, Mumbaɩ tɛtʊ kɛŋna tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩkɛna tadɩyɛ tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ sɩŋŋŋ yɔ. Keteŋa kpeekpe taa lɛ Mumbayɩ wɛ tɛtʊ hiu ndʊ tɩ-taa liidiya kɩlʊʊ sʊ yɔ a-taa. Ɛzɩma Mumbayɩ tɛtʊ taa liidiya nɛ laŋhɛzɩyɛ pɛwɛɛ sɩŋŋŋ yɔ lɛ, Ɛndɩ ɛjaɖɛ kpeekpe taa evebiya nɛ pɛlaa nɛ piya yaa sʊsaa maɣmaɣ kʊyʊʊ polona taa nɛ peseɣ powoki tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa se pɩwɛ ɛzɩma kɔyɔ pɛhɛzɩ kʊñɔŋ tɔɔʊ pazɩ.
Mbʊ yebina nɛ peeɖe tɛtʊ taa lɛ sɔnzɩ ndɩ ndɩ sakɩyɛ wɛɛ. Payaɣ Mumbayɩ maalika ñʊʊdʊ se Shraddha Jadhav nɛ kɔmɩsɛɛrɩ sʊsɔ kɔyɔ Jairaj Phatak.


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Salvador Dalí
Salvador Domingo Felipe Jacinto Dalí i Domènech kɛ Ɛsɩpaañɩ tʋ. Palʋla ɖajaa sɔsɔ Salvador Domingo Felipe kɛ egeetiye yaa lone nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ size Figueras yɔ ɖɩ-taa.
Hɩɖɛ nɖɩ pakɩlɩna-ɩ sɩm yaa pakɩlɩ yaʋ yɔ, nɖɩ lɛ Salvador Dalí. Ɛkɛ mbʋ payaɣna Fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa size "marquis de Dalí de Púbol" yɔ. Palʋla-ɩ agoza fenaɣ taa kɛ evemiye yaa kɩyakʋ hiu nɛ kʋɖʋmʋ (11) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye kɛ pɩnaɣ 1904 n̄ɩŋga taa. Ɛkɛ abalʋ weyi ɛ-ka sɔɔla tʋma ndɩ ndɩ labʋ siŋŋ yɔ. Ɛfɛyɩ felendu kaʋ. Ɛsɔɔla nesi tɛɛ tʋma ndɩ ndɩ labʋ.
E-egeetiye Figueras tɛtʋ ndʋ, tɩ-taa paalʋla-ɩ yɔ, tɩ-taa peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ ɛsɩba kɔlaɣ fenaɣ taa kɛ evemiye yaa kɩyakʋ nɛɛlɛ nɛ naadozo yaa hiŋ naalɛ nɛ naadozo (23) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye kɛ pɩnaɣ 1989 n̄ɩŋga taa. Ɖajaa Salvador ɛnɛ, ɛsɩkaɣ lɛ, ɛkawɛna pɩnzɩ hiŋ lʋbɛ nɛ pɩtɩnɩ pɩyɔɔ pɩnzɩ kagbanzɩ (75) kɛ mbʋ yɔ. Ɛɛkɛ tʋma ndɩ ndɩ laɖʋ weyi ɛfɛyɩ pɛkɛdɩna nɔɔyʋ ɖɔɖɔ yɔ. Ɛwɛ lɔŋ nɛ lɛɣtʋ siŋŋ, ɛwɛ ɖɔɖɔ kpeɖe kpeɖe ɛ-tʋma labʋ taa.
Ɖajaa sɔsɔ Salvador Dalí kɛ sɛmɩŋ taʋʋ tʋmɩyɛ laɖʋ kam tʋ nɔɔyʋ kɛ Ɛsɩpan̄ɔlɩ ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʋ taa. Ɛtaɣ sɛmɩŋ tɔlɩm kuduyuŋ sɔsɔ sakɩyɛ, nɛ kɩlɛmɩŋ kɩlɩzɩŋ weyi ɛfɛyɩ kalɩʋ. Ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ saɣʋʋ tʋmɩyɛ. Ɛkɛ sɩɣgbelasɩ saɣyʋ tʋmɩyɛ laɖʋ sɔsɔ kpim kpim nɔɔyʋ. Sɩɣgbelasɩ nzɩ ɛsaɣkɩ yɔ, nzɩ nabɛyɛ n̄ayaa size agɔlɩmaa. Ɛsaɣ ɛyʋ nɛ peteheyiŋ size ɛyʋ ɛnʋ efezu ŋtisuu.
Ɖajaa Salvador ɛnɛ, ɛsaɣkɩ ɖɔɖɔ, wendunaa ndɩ ndɩ sakɩyɛ. Ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ lakɩ waa mayʋ. Pʋtɔbʋʋ size ɛkɛ pʋtʋmɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩlaɖʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ. Lakɩ lakɩ maʋʋ yaa lakɩ waa maʋʋ tʋmɩyɛ ɖɩnɛ, nɖɩ payaɣna Fransɩ kʋnʋŋ taa size "scénariste". Pakalʋʋna ɖɔɖɔ ɖajaa sɔsɔ ɛnɛ kɛ takayaɣsɩ mayaa taa. Ɛkɛ takayasɩ mayʋ pacidim sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ.
Ɛ-takayaɣsɩ maʋʋ tʋmɩyɛ nɖɩ, ɖɩ-tʋmɩyɛ taa pazʋʋyɩ hɩɖɛ size Katalan takayaɣsɩ mayʋ. Ɖajaa sɔsɔ ɛnɛ, pasɩma-ɩ ɛ-ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ kedeŋa yaa ɛjaɖɛ kpeekpe taa. Ɛ-tʋmaa fɛyɩ pamazɩyɛ nɛ naayɛ. Ɛlakɩ ɛ-tʋma anɛ yɔ nɛ sɔɔlɩm nɛ taa leleŋ mbʋ yɔ, ɛnʋ lɩzɩna yɛ, nɛ ɛkpɛlɩkɩ yɛ. Pagba ɛ-hɩɖɛ nɛ paya yaa pɛcɛlɛ keɖeyaɣ wendu kuduyuu sɔsɔʋ nakʋyʋ. Ɛ-hɩɖɛ lona naayɛ kɔyɔ : Salvador Dali Museum, nɛ théâtre-musée Dalí.


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Alfred Marshall
Alfred Marshall, palʊla-ɩ hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 26 pɩnaɣ 1842 Lɔndrɩ tɛtʊ taa, ɛsɩ hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 13 pɩnaɣ 1924 Cambridge tɛtʊ taa. Ɛyʊ ɛnʊ ɛɛkɛ Pritaniki ɛjaɖɛ taa tɔsʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ tʊ, ɛkɛ kɩbandʊ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ kɩfaɖɛ sukuli kiɖe ɖʊyʊ, nɖɩ lɛɛɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩwɛ ɖoŋ nɔɔnɔɔ tɔsʊʊ nɔmɔʊ taa yɔ.
Ɛkɛ tɔsʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ tʊ weyi ɛ-tɛ wɛɛ taa lɛ, ɛɛwaba yɔ. Palʊla-ɩ Bermondsey, Lɔndrɩ tɛtʋ taa. Ɛ-caa kaakɛ Ɛnglɩsɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa liidiye koozaɣ taa tʊmɩyɛ laɖʊ. Ɛlaba kajalaɣ taa lɛɣtʊ tɩlɩyɛ sukuli nɛ tomnasɩ ɖɔnɛ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ pʊcɔ ɛha ɛsɛ nɛ ɛyʊ yɔɔ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ sukuli nɛ Ɛsɔ tɔm kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ sukuli.
Ɛkɛ ɛyʊ siɣsiɣ kɛ ɛ-tʊmɩyɛ paɣzɩtʊ alɩwaatʊ taa mbʊ lɛ, ɛsʊ tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊ paɣtʊ taa pɩtɩŋna ɛ-tɛ Etaazuunii wobu yɔ, nɛ ɛdʊʊ lɔnsɔzʊʊ natʊyʊ ɛ-tɔmpe taa se tɔsʊʊ tʊ yaa paa ɛyʊ weyi lɛ, pʊmʊna ɛcɔna ɛyʊ kpaagba wayi tɔm ɖeɖe.
Ɛtɛma ɛwɩlɩ Oxfort nɛ Bristol lɛ, ɛɖɔkɩ wɩlʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ ɛkɔɔ ɛtalɩ Cambridge ɖenɖe ɛmʊ politiki tɔsʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ sɔsɔyɛ kɛ pɩnzɩ 1885 ŋtalɩ 1908. Ɛ-sukuli pɩɣa kɛlɛ John Maynard Keynes, ŋga ɛnɛ kɛ pʊhɔŋɔɣ yɔ nɛ Arthur Pigou. Alfred sɩ Cambridge tɛtʊ taa hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 13 pɩnaɣ 1924.
Lɛɣtʊ tʊmɩyɛ labɩnaʊ wɛ ɛlɛ, pʊtɔɖɔɔ. Ɛ-cɔlɔ lɛ, palakɩ tʊmɩyɛ lɛɣtʊ tʊmɩyɛ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ pɩpɔzʊʊ se panɩɩ ɖama lɩmaɣza nɛ akɔnta alɩwaatʊ yɔ yeke pɩlɩna tɔsʊʊ lɩmaɣza yɔ ɛlɛ, papɩzɩɣ patatɩŋna matʊ lɩmaɣza yɔ. Pɩsɩna se patʊzɩ lɩmaɣza nɛ pɩcaɣ ɛzɩ kɩbɩnjaazɩ tɔm pɩtɛkɛ mbʊ yɔ pɩɩkaɣ sam nɛ pakalɩ. Ɛ-cɔlɔ lɛ, tɔsʊʊ wɛ ɛlɛ kɩtɛkɛ tɩlɩyɛ laɣsɩ tɛ pɩyʊ. Ɛ-cɔlɔ lɛ, pɩkɛ pɩyʊ mbʊ pɩñɔtɩna ɛyʊ tɩlɩyɛ cɔlɔ kpam yɔ, mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ tɔsʊʊ kɛ wezuu pɩyʊ nɛ kɩtɩŋʊʊ tɔm tʊzʊʊ ɖoŋ.
Politiki tɔsʊʊ laɣsɩ paɣtʊ taa lɛ, ɛlɩzɩ tɔsʊʊ tɩlɩyɛ sʊʊtu tɔbʊʊ nɛ ɛwɩlɩɣ se pʊmʊna se ɖɩkpɛlɛkɩ mbʊ ɛyaa kɛwaɣ yɔ ɛzɩ kedeŋga wɛʊ yɔ. Ɖɩɩpɩzɩɣ ɖɩlɛzɩɣ ɛjaɖɛ ɛzɩ ɖɩpɩzɩɣ yaa ɖɩɩkɛ.