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Claude Ptolémée
Palʋla Claude Ptolémée Egipiti ɛjaɖɛ taa kpaɣ pɩnzɩ 90 waa taa. Egipiti ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ, ɖɩ-taa ɛcaɣ e-wezuu Alexandrie tɛtʋ taa. Ɛsɩba ɖɔɖɔ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa pɩnaɣ 168 n̄ɩŋga taa. Paa pɩɩla we ɛkɛɣ Room tʋ. Ɛlaba mbʋ payaɣ se "Asitronomii" yɔ, ɛla mbʋ payaɣ se "maatematiki" yɔ, ɛla mbʋ payaɣ se "jeyografii" yɔ nɛ ɛtɛ ɛla ɖɔɖɔ mbʋ payaɣ se "asitroloogii" yɔ. Toovenum lɛ, patapazɩ patɩlɩ e-wezuu caɣʋ siŋŋ.
Claude Ptolémée ma "siyansɩ" takayɩsɩ sakɩyɛ. Anasaayɩnaa tɩŋna ɛ-takayɩsɩ naalɛ nasɩyɛ yɔɔ nɛ pɛlɛɣzɩ pa-"sɩyansɩ" naa sakɩyɛ. Ɛma lɛɛka nɛ ɛkɛdɩ ka-taa "asitronomii" tɔm nɛ lɛɛka taa lɛ, ɛyɔɔdɩ kaka taa "matematiki" tɔm. Ɛma ɖɔɖɔ lɛɛka nɛ ɛtazɩ kaka taa Grɛɛkɩ nɛ Room pɛ-tɛtʋ wɛ wɛtʋ ndʋ yɔ pʋ-tɔm.

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Jean Piaget
Jean William Fritz Piaget, ɛyʊ ɛnʊ palʊla-ɩ kɩyɛna fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 6 pɩnaɣ 1896 Neuchatêl Suwisi ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ ɛsɩ salaŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 16 pɩnaɣ 1980 Geneve tɛtʊ taa, ɛyʊ ɛnʊ ɛkɛ wezuu kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ tʊ, ɛkɛ ɛyʊ maɣzɩm taa wiluu tʊmɩyɛ tʊ, cɔlɩyɛ tʊmɩyɛ tʊ, ɛkɛ tɩlʊʊ tɛ wazaɣ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ tʊ Suwisi ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛtʊsa mʊntʊsʊʊ ŋgʊ pɩlɩna ɛyʊ fetenum yɔɔ yɔ pɩsa pɩyʊ keem mbʊ pɩtɩlɩ ɛzɩma ɛyʊ nɛ e-lone pʊmʊna ɖama yɔ, pɩlɩna ɛnɛ ɛnʊ ɛ-tɛ palaka yɔɔ kpaɣ ɖooo ɛ-pɩjatʊ, ɛzɩma pɛkpɛlɛkɩ-ɩ nɛ ɛkɔɔ ɛpaɣlɩ yɔ.
Ɛkɛ Arthur Piaget pɩɣa sɔsɔ (kpaɣ pɩnzɩ 1865 ŋtalɩ 1952), ɛɛkɛ hɛkʊ nɛ hɛkʊ alɩwaatʊ taa matʊ wɩlɩyʊ, e-ɖoo ñɛkɛ Fransɩɩ tʊ ɛlɛ payaɣ Rebecca Jackson (pɩnzɩ 1872 ŋtalɩ 1942), William Fritz Jackson pɛlɔ (James Jackson sɛyɩ kɛlɛ).
Ɛwɛna pɩnzɩ hiu nɛ kʊyʊm lɛ, Jean Piaget ɛnʊ ɛkɛ sukuli pɩɣa Neuchâtel latɛŋ kɔlɛɛzɩ taa, ɛma ntɔnjɔɔlɩyɛ tɔmʊʊ nakʊyʊ pɛcɛlɩna yovo waa yɔɔ, ɛlɛ ɛɛna ɛyʊ ɛnʊ lakʊ nakʊyʊ taa. Tɔmʊʊ ɛpaɣzɩna ɛ-lɛɣtʊ tʊmɩyɛ.
Ɛlaba fenasɩ naatozo Zurich lɛ, tɛtʊ nddʊ tɩ-taa peeɖe ɛkpɛlɛka maɣzɩm taa wiluu tʊmɩyɛ (tʊmɩyɛ nɖɩ ɛ nɛ Sabine Spielrein palaba, nɛ mba tɛzɩna-ɖɩ ɖɔɖɔ, kɛlɛ ɛɖɛɛ nɛ ɛla pɩnaɣ kʊyʊmaɣ Paarii tɛtʊ, ɖɩnɛ ɛlaba tʊmɩyɛ Alfred Binet tɛ takʊʊ nɛ wiluu kuduyuu taa. Peeɖe ɛtɩlɩ nɔmɔŋ weyi pakpaɣna nɛ patɩlɩ ɛyʊ fitenum pʊ-tɔbʊʊ ɛyʊ lɔŋ ɖeɖe.


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NEHEMII
TƆM TAKƎLAƔA
Kʋtʋlʋtʋ
Nehemii kɑ kɛ́ Pɛɛsɩ wulɑʋ Atɑkǝsɛsɛɛ kɑwulɑɣɑ tɑɑ ɑkewe sɔsɔ kɛ́. Ɩlɛnɑ wulɑʋ hɑ-ɩ mpɑɑʋ sɩ ɩ́ polo Yosɑlɛm nɑ ɩ́ pɑɑsǝnɑ tɛtʋ tɔkʋɣʋ tɔm. Ɩ́ nɑ kɔtʋlʋ Ɩsǝtǝlɑsɩ pɑ lɑpǝnɑ nɔɣɔ kʋlʋmɑɣɑ kɛ tɛtʋ tɔkʋɣʋ tǝmlɛ tɑɑ.
Pǝ wɑɑlɩ ɩlɛnɑ Nehemii lɑɣɑsɩ Ɩsɔ sɛɛʋ kɛ timpi timpi pǝ tɑɑ tǝŋ tɔ.
Ɩsǝnɑ pɑ fɑɣɑ Nehemii tɑkǝlɑɣɑ tɔ:
Nehemii mǝlʋɣʋ kɛ Yosɑlɛm, titite 1:1–2:20
Pɑ tɑɣɑnɑ Yosɑlɛm koloosi ŋmɑʋ, titite 3:1–7:72
Pɑ kɑlɑ Ɩsɔ Tɔm tɑkǝlɑɣɑ, titite 8:1–10:40
Nehemii tǝmɑ lɛnnɑ, titite 11:1–13:31
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1 Hɑkɑliyɑ pǝyɑlʋ Nehemii tɔm ntɔ.
Nehemii nɩɩwɑ Yosɑlɛm tɔm
Wulɑʋ Atɑkǝsɛsɛɛ kɑwulɑɣɑ pǝnɑɣɑ hiu nyǝŋkɑ kɛ pɑ ɩsɔtʋ wei pɑ yɑɑ sɩ Kisileu tɔ ɩ tɑɑ, Nehemii mɑ́, mɑɑ wɛ Susi ɩcɑtɛ sɔsɔɔlɛ tɑɑ. 2 Mɑ tɛɛtʋ lɛlʋ Hɑnɑni nɑ lɛlɑɑ pɑ lɩɩnɑ Yutɑ nɑ mɑ́ pɔɔsɩ-wɛɣɛ Hepǝlɑ nyǝ́mɑ mpɑ pɑ lɩɩnɑ Pɑpiloni tɔ, nɑ Yosɑlɛm pɑ tɔm. 3 Ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ pɑ cɔ-m sɩ: Hepǝlɑ sɔsɑɑ mpɑ pɑ lɩɩnɑ Pɑpiloni tɔ, pɑ cɑɣɑ Yutɑ. Amɑ wɑhɑlɑ nɑ kʋnyɔŋ tɑɑ kɛ́ pɑ wɛɛ. Yosɑlɛm ɩcɑtɛ tɔm ɩlɛ, tǝ koloosi yɑ́ pɔɣɔlɛɛ kɛ́, nɑ kɔkɔ nɑ́ɑ́ nyɑɣɑ ɩcɑtɛ kɑmpʋnɑɑ.
Nehemii sǝlǝmʋɣʋ kɛ Yutɑ nyǝ́mɑ tɔɔ
4 Wɑɑtʋ wei mɑ nɩɩ tɔm ntɩ, ɩlɛnɑ mɑ lɑŋlɛ wɑkǝlɩ kʋyɛɛŋ pɑɣɑlɛ, nɑ mɑ́ wiiki, nɑ mɑ́ hɔkǝɣɩ nɔɣɔ. Ɩlɛnɑ mɑ́ sǝlǝmɩ ɩsɔtɑɑ Ɩsɔ sɩ: 5 Hɑɩ, ɩsɔtɑɑ Ɩsɔ sɔsɔ, wei nyɑ́ pɑ nyɑŋnɑ tɔ. N lɑkɩ ɩsǝnɑ n sɩɩ nyɑ́ nɔɣɔ tɔɣɔ nyɑ́ kʋsǝsɩɩtʋ tɔkǝlɑɑ kɛ́. Pǝ́cɔ́ nn lɩɩkɩ nyɑ́ sɔɔllɑɑ wɑɑlɩ. 6 Hɑɩ, kɛɛsɩ ɩsɛ nɑ tɑ́ tɔɔ, nɑ ń ké nyɑ́ ŋkpɑŋŋ nɑ ń nɩɩ nti nyɑ́ tǝmlɛ tʋ mɑ́, mɑ sǝlǝmǝɣɩ-ŋ tɔ. Mɑ sǝlǝmǝɣɩ-ŋ ilim nɑ ɑhoo kɛ nyɑ́ yǝlɑɑ Ɩsɛɣɛlɩ nyǝ́mɑ tɑ́, tɑ́ tɔɔ sɩ, ń tɑɣɑnɩ tɑ́ ɩsɑɣɑtʋ. Mɑ́ nɑ mɑ cɔsɔnɑɑ tǝ wɑkǝlǝnɑ-ŋ kɛ́. 7 Tǝ kisɑ nyɑ́ kʋsǝsɩɩtʋ nɑ kiiŋ wei n cɛlɑ nyɑ́ tǝmlɛ tʋ Moisi nɑ ɩ́ tɛlǝsɩ-tʋ tɔ. 8 Tɔɔsɩ nti n kɑ heelɑ Moisi nɑ ɩ́ kɛɛsɩ-tʋ tɔ sɩ: Ye ɩ́ tɑ́ nɩɩnɑ-m, mɑɑ yɑsɩ-mɛɣɛ piitim kpɑɩ nyǝm tɑɑ. 9 Amɑ ye ɩ́ pǝsǝnɑ lɑɑkɑlɩ kɛ tǝnɑ, nɑ ɩ́ tɔkɩ mɑ kʋsǝsɩɩtʋ, nɑ ɩ́ lɑkɩ-tɩ. Pɑɑ pǝ ponɑ-mɛɣɛ tɛtʋ tǝnɑɣɑ, mɑ́ɑ́ kɔnɑ-mɛɣɛ lonte nte mɑ lǝsɑɑ sɩ mɑ́ɑ́ cɑɣɑ tǝ tɑɑ tɔ. 10 Tɑcɑɑ, tǝ kɛ́ nyɑ́ yǝlɑɑ nɑ nyɑ́ tǝmlɛ nyǝ́mɑ kɛ́. Tɑɣɑ n yɑpǝnɑ nyɑ́ toŋ nɑ nyɑ́ kǝlʋɣʋ sɔsɔɔʋ. 11 Mɑ wiikinɑ-ŋ sɩ, ń nɩɩ sǝlǝmʋɣʋ ŋku mɑ́ nɑ nyɑ́ nyǝ́mɑ lɛlɑɑ tǝ kʋsǝɣǝnɑ nyɑ́ nyʋɣʋ nɑ lɑŋhʋlʋmlɛ tɔ. Lɑ nɑ wulɑʋ cɔ-m kʋpɑntʋ nɑ mɑ́ wɑɑ mɑ tǝmlɛ tɑɑ.
Wɑɑtʋ ɩnɩ ɩ tɑɑ, mɑɑ kɛ́ wulɑʋ kʋnyɔnyɔɔm pɑɑsǝnlʋ.


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Suɛz Hɛŋa
Suɛz hɛŋa wɛ Egypti tɛtʊ taa. Ka-ɖaalakɩŋ taa wɛ kilomɛtanaa 193,3 nɛ toboyu taa lɛ, pɩmaɣna mɛtanaa 280 yaa 345. Lɩŋgʊ taa lɛ, pimaɣna mɛtanaa 22,5. Hɛŋa ŋga kataŋna Port-Saïd nɛ Méditerranée teŋgu. Hɛŋa ŋga kɛtɛziɣ lɩŋgamɩŋ niitozo.
Pɛhɛ hɛŋa ŋga kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 1859 nɛ 1869. Bourse de Paarii ñaɣna pana nɛ pabɩ liidiye sakɩyɛ nɛ sʊkʊlɩ laɖʊ sɔsɔ weyi payawaɣ-ɩ se Ferdinand de Lesseps yɔ, ɛnʊ cɔŋgaɣna tʊmɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-yɔɔ. Hɛŋa ŋga kɔ-yɔɔ kɛ nʊmɔʊ wɛ tobi Europe nɛ Asia pɛhɛkʊ taa. Pɩtatasɩ kɛʊ kɩcɛyʊ se ɛyʊ ɛtɔ se ɛcɔʊ Afrika kpɛɛɛ nɛ pʊcɔɛtalɩ Europe yaa Asia. Ɖooo lɛ ‘‘Cap de Bonne Espérance’’ ɖeke patɩŋgaɣna. Pɩcɔ nɛ pɛhɛʊ hɛŋa ŋga 1869 lɛ, patiŋgaɣna tadɩyɛ wondu kɛ tataa nʊmɔʊ ŋgʊ kɩwɛ Mediteranee teŋgu Kɩsɛɛmʊ yɔ.
Aloma fenaɣ 29 kɛ pɩnaɣ 1888 kɛ Constantinople paɣtʊ lɩzɩya paɣ opaɣtʊ se ‘‘Suɛzɩ heŋa ŋga, kɛwɛ yem yɔbɩ. Nɔɔyʊ ɛtaatɔ se ɛwɛna ɖoŋ nɩɩyɛ kɔ-yɔɔ. Pɩha paa anɩ ɛwɛna waɖɛ se ɛtɛzɩ-kɛ ɛzɩma ɛsɔɔla yɔ; paa you alɩwatʊ taa yaa laŋhɛzɩyɛ alɩwatʊ. Pataacɔna ɛyʊ kɩɖaʊ kɛtɛɛka nɛ pɔtɔ; se pʊ-yɔɔ’’.
Hɛŋa ŋga kɛkɛ ‘‘Sues Canal Autority’’ ñɩŋga; mba tɩna kañɩm nɛ mba cɔŋna ɖɔɖɔɔ kɔ-yɔɔ.
Kɩyɛna fenaɣ nʊwa ñɩŋgʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 2014 kɛ Egypti mba tɔma se peliu wɛɛ se patasɩ hɛŋa ŋga hʊyʊʊ nɛ katɩŋna kɩpɩnaɣ cɔlɔ kpɛɛɛ.


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Tɔɔyʋʋ
Tɔɔyʋʋ, kɩwɛ tɛtɛ kpɩna wena alʋlʋʋ piya nɛ ahaɣ-sɩ hɩlɩm yɔ a-pɩlʋʋ taa. Nandʋ ɖeke kʋtɔkɩ nɛ kɩcakɩ wezuu. Tɔɔyʋʋ abalɩn̄ɩŋʋ wɛɛ nɛ halɩn̄ɩŋʋ n̄ɛwɛɛ. Tɔɔyʋʋ pɩɣʋ ɖɔɖɔ n̄ɛwɛɛ. Pasɩŋ tɔɔyʋʋ abalɩŋʋ nɛ kɩ-kpɛm yɔlɩɩɩ. Ku-yuŋ pɩzɩɣ pɩtalɩ kilonaa 175 yaa 217 mbʋ yɔ. Tɔɔyɩŋ weyi ɛwɛ Truger laʋ taa yɔ, i-yuŋ kɛ kilonaa 175 nɛ weyi ɛ́lɛ n̄ɛwɛ Transvaal n̄ɩŋgʋ taa yɔ, ɛ́lɛ n̄ɩŋ kɛ 217 kilonaa. Nɩɩyɛ n̄ɛwɛ nɛ ndɩ kpem, ɛnʋ kɩlɩna paɣlʋ, ɛlɛ ɛtɔtɔyɩ. Ɛ́lɛ yuŋ pɩzɩɣ pɩɖɛɛ 250 kilonaa yɔɔ. Tɔɔyʋʋ abalɩn̄ɩŋʋ tɔkɩ paa evemiye nɖɩ nandʋ kilonaa lʋbɛ (7), ɛlɛ, halɩn̄ɩŋʋ n̄ɔtɔkɩ nandʋ kilonaa kagbaanzɩ (5).
Tɔɔyʋ kɛ kpɩnɛ ŋɖɩ ɖɩsɔɔlɩ lɛɛɖɛ cɔlɔ caɣʋ yɔ. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se tɔɔyɩŋ sɔɔlɩ ɖama kpeɣluu com com. Ŋcɔnaa yɔ, pɩtɛkɛ mbʋʋ pɩyaŋ yaa ɛ-pɩlʋʋ taa kpɩna lɛɛna n̄alakɩ. Yee tɔɔyʋʋ abaln̄ɩŋʋ ɛcaɣ lakʋ taa kɔyɔ, kɩcakɩ wezuu ɛzɩ pɩnzɩ lʋbɛ (7) yaa hiu nɛ naalɛ (12) mbʋ yɔ. Halɩn̄ɩŋʋ n̄acakɩ wezuu peeye ɛzɩ pɩnzɩ hiu nɛ naanza (14) yaa pɩnzɩ nɛɛlɛ (20) mbʋ yɔ. Ɛlɛ, yee ɖɩɣa pɔɖɔ-kʋ yɔ, kɩpɩzɩɣ kɩcaɣ wezuu pɩcɛzɩ pɩnzɩ niidozo (30) yɔɔ mbʋ yɔ.
Tɔɔyʋʋ abalɩn̄ɩŋʋ ɛɛɖɔɔnʋ nandʋ yem se ɛkʋ nɛ ɛtɔɔ. Kʋ-tʋmɩyɛ kɔyɔ se, kɩfeŋ nɛ nabʋyʋ ɛɛtasʋʋ ɛ-ɖɩkpeɣliye hɛkʋ taa. Kʋlʋkɩ ɖɔɖɔ se, nabʋyʋ ɛtaakʋyɩ ɛ-yɔɔ. Tɔɔyʋʋ muzuu. Tɔɔyɩŋ ɛzɩ kudokiŋ 16 500 yaa 30 000 mbʋ yɔ papɩzɩɣ pana sɔnɔ Afrika lakɩŋ taa. Ɛwɛ tindima hiu taa. Panaɣ Ɛndɩ ɛjaɖɛ hayi kiŋ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʋyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ taa tɔɔyɩŋ ɛzɩ 300 mbʋ yɔ "Gir Forest" kaɖaɣ taa. Pakʋma tɔɔyʋ hɩɖɛ se, "Kpɩna taa wiyaʋ", mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ, kɩ-kpɛm n̄ɩlɩzɩɣ ɛzɩ wɩsɩ yɔ. Wɩsɩ wɛ ɛzɩ "Pʋdʋnaa mba pɛwɛ ɛsɔdaa payɩ yɔ, pe-wiyaʋ" yɔ.


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Max Weber, palʊla-ɩ
Emile Durkhein siɣye taa lɛ, ɛlɛ ɖɔɖɔ pamaza se ɛkɛ samaɣ tʊmɩyɛ kpɛlɛkʊʊ caa mbʊ yɔ, Max Weber kaawɩla sukuli pazɩ ɛlɛ ɛtala a-alɩwaatʊ taa tɛ sukuli. Ɛ-tʊmɩyɛ taasɩna ñɩnʊʊ yeke ɛlɛ, ɛsʊza ɛ-tɩ
Weber kaasɔɔlɩ ɖɔɖɔ Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ aŋgba nɛ ɛñɩnɩɣ a-hɛkɩŋ taa tʊkasɩ nzɩ sɩwɛ nɛ pɩ-tɛ wazaɣ. Pɩtasɩna Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ tʊma yeke ɛlɛ, Weber ñɩna ɖɔɖɔ cɔlɩtʊ pɩlɩna wondu lɛtʊ tʊmɩyɛ labʊ yɔɔ ɛzɩ wabɩtʊ, Ɛjaɖɛ, waɖɛ nɛ
Ɛ-caa (Max ɖɔɖɔ paya-ɩ), kaakɛ ɖɔɖɔ tʊmɩyɛ tʊ sɔsɔ nɔyʊ nɛ paka-ɩ lɩzʊʊ se paɣtʊ lɩzɩyʊ Reichstag Caama ɛjaɖɛ kpɛndʊʊ wayi. E-ɖoo (Hélène, palʊla-ɩ Fallenstein liɖe taa kɛnɛ), ɛ-tɛ nɛ Huginoti pɩtɩŋna e-ɖoo liɖe yɔɔ (Souchay waa), kaakɛ halʊ mɛɛsakula nɛ Ɛsɔ tɔm mʊyʊ nɔyʊ siŋ. Mbʊ lɛ, Max Weber paɣlɩ mɛɛsakula nɛ ñɩm hɔʊ taa. Ɛ-caa kaakɛ peyebinam pɩɣa nɛ e-ɖoo kɛ lɔŋ ñɩm ɖɩɣa taa ɛyʊ. Kpaɣ nɛ pɩnaɣ 1869 hɔʊ ŋgʊ kɩkɔɔ kɩcaɣ
Pɩwɛyɩ alewondu nɛ ɛsɩŋ ɛyaa sakɩyɛ e-sukuli taa mbʊ lɛ, Max Weber sɔɔlɩ takayasɩ kalʊʊ sakɩyɛ nɛ ɛñɩzɩɣ kaʊ nɛ kalɩtʊ ɛzɩ (Cicéron, Kant nɛ Machivel nɛ ŋgbaɣ nɖɛ) lɩzɩɣ aseɣɖe ɛzɩma ɛwɛ lɛɣtʊ lɔŋ lɔŋ yɔ. Pɩtasɩna ɛ-tɛ kpɛlɛkɩtʊ yeke ɛlɛ, ehiɣ ñʊʊ leleŋ weyi se ɛkpɛlɛka loŋ sakɩyɛ politiki ɛyaa cɔlɔ kɔɔnaɣ lɔnsɩɖaa cɔlɔ mba ɛ-caa yawaɣ nɛ pɔkɔŋ ɛ-tɛ ɖɩɣa yɔ. Ɛmʊ ɛ-tɛ Abitur wayi lɛ, ewona ɛ-tɩ kɛ Heidelberg waɖɛ sukuli ɖɩlaɖɛ taa.
Pɩnaɣ 1883 alɩwaatʊ taa lɛ, Max Weber wolo Straasbourg se ɛla sɔɔjɔnaa sukuli. Peeɖe ɛɖanɩɣ katʊʊ ɛ-hɔʊ lɛɛkʊ. Weber caɣ e-neŋ cɔlɔ (e-ɖoo kɔɔ), ɛsʊ ɛkpaɣdɩyɛ sɔsɔyɛ naɖɩyɛ taa nɛ e-neŋ walʊ nɛ ɛsɔzɩ-ɩ lɔŋ, tɔm kɛdɩyʊ Hermann Baumgarten, weyi ɛcɔlɔ ɛkpɛlɛka wezuu caɣʊ lɛɛkʊ tɩlɩyɛ kɩfaɖɛ pɩkɩlɩ ɛ-caa maɣmaɣ. Mbʊ kpem ɛkɩlɩ nɛ ɛ-caa yɔ mbʊ lɛ Baumgarten kaakɛ ɛyʊ walaa tʊ nɛ e-nesi tɛ lɩɣ camɩyɛ nɛ ɛtasɔɔlɩ Bismark tɛ politiki tɔm.


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Tɔm hʊʊ kpaaŋ kɩkpaɖʊʊ (Cour supreme)
Tɔm hʊʊ kpaaŋ kɩkpaɖʊʊ pɩkɛ hɩɖɛ ndɩ tɔm hʊʊ waɖɛ ha kpaaŋ weyi ɛ-hɩɖɛ kʊyaa yaa kpaaŋ kɩkɩlɩŋ yɔ ajɛyɛ naayɛ taa. Wɛtʊ sakɩyɛ taa lɛ, ɛjaɖɛ taa kpaaŋ kɩkpaɖʊʊ kɩ-taa wɛ tʊma a-nɛ yɔɔ paɣtʊ lɩzʊʊ kpaaŋ ŋgʊ kʊjɔŋna ɖeyi ɖeyi paɣtʊ wɛtʊ naa nɛ ɛjaɖɛ paɣtʊ takayaɣ. Kewiyaɣ paɣtʊ kpaaŋ ŋgʊ kʊjɔŋna kewiyaɣ paɣtʊ lakasɩ yɔ (tɔm hʊʊ waɖɛ tɛ feŋɩntʊ).
Kpaaŋ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa wɛ kpaagba kpaaŋ ŋgʊ tɔm kɩhʊhʊtʊ lɩmaɣza yɔ. Kpaagba tɔm hʊʊ kpaaŋ ŋgʊ kewiyaɣ tɔm hʊʊ yɔ. Ajɛyɛ naayɛ taa lɛ, kpaaŋ kɩkpaɖʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩkɛ tɔm hʊʊ kpaaŋ yaa alɩwaatʊ ndʊ yee pɩpɔzʊʊ se petisi ñʊtʊ nɔɔyʊ yaa wiyaʊ nɔɔyʊ e-kpelaɣ yɔ yɔ.
Tɔm hʊyʊ kajalaɣ nimiye mʊyʊ kɛna kpaaŋ kɩkpaɖʊ taa nʊʊ tʊ. Ɛyʊ ɛ-nʊ pagba-ɩ pɩtɩŋna ɛjaɖɛ kewiyaɣ paɣtʊ kpaɣʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ kewiyaɣ taa lɩm ɖʊyaa mba ɖɩyaɣ se minisitiri waa tɛ lɔŋ pasʊʊ kpeeliye taa pɩlɩna tʊm hʊtʊ lɔŋ pasʊʊ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ yɔ. Tɔm hʊyʊ sɔsɔ ɛ-nʊ, pʊcɔ ɛpaazɩɣ ɛtʊmɩyɛ lɛ, eɖuki paɣtʊ lɩzɩyaa tʊmɩyɛ ɛsɩnda.
Pɩtɩŋna paɣtʊ takayaɣ taa hɔɔlaɣ 121 yɔ lɛ, pɩkɛ kɩjɛyʊʊ se kpaaŋ kɩkpaɖʊʊ tɛ ñʊtʊ ɛkɛ tɔm hʊyʊ weyi ɛlakɩ tʊmɩyɛ yɛ. Tɔm hʊʊ kpaaŋ kɩkpaɖʊ ñʊtʊ kɛ kpaagba tɔm hʊʊ taa lɔŋ pasɩyaa ñʊtʊ (C.S.M).
Kpaaŋ kɩkpaɖʊ wɛna kuduyɩŋ nɩɩlɛ, kajalaɣ lɛ, tɔm hʊʊ kuduyuu nɛ kewiyaɣ tʊmɩyɛ kuduyuu. Paa kuduyuu ŋgʊ lɛ, kɩwɛna tɩ-yɔɔ waɖɛ kpaaŋ kɩkpaɖʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa nɛ ɖɩwɛ kuduyuu ñʊtʊ nesi tɛ. Paa kuduyuu ŋgʊ lɛ kɩ-taa wɛ lɔŋ tasɩyaa naalɛ.
Ɛlɛ pɩɩpɔzaɣ paa pʊdɔɖɔɔ kɔyɔ lɔŋtasɩyaa nanza kuduyuu kʊyʊmʊʊ tɛɛ. Pakpaɣ-wɛ pɩtɩŋna kewiyaɣ taa lɩm ɖʊyaa kediizaɣ paɣtʊ yɔɔ pɩlɩna tɔm ɖɩhʊyɛ taa lɔŋ tasɩyʊʊ sɔsɔ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ yɔɔ. Paa kuduyuu ŋgʊ kɩwɛna kʊ-tʊmɩyɛ ndɩ kɩlakɩ yɔ pɩlɩna mbʊ ndʊ paɣtʊ takayaɣ ɖʊwa yɔ.
Tɔm hʊʊ kpaaŋ kɩkpaɖʊ lakɩ samaɣ lɩm ɖʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ ɛlɛ waɖɛ haʊ takayaɣ mʊyʊ kajalaɣ tʊ nɛ tɔm yɔɔ kandɩyaa sɔsaa palakɩna-ɖɩ. Ɛjaɖɛ lɩm ɖʊyaa kpana ɛyaa panɛyɔ pɩlɩna paɣtʊ ndʊ pagbaɣ pe-kidizaɣ taa yɔ tɩ-cɔlɔ.


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David Hilbert
David Hilbert, palʊla-ɩ pɩnaɣ 1862 kɛ Königsberg nɛ ɛsɩ pɩnaɣ 1943 kɛ Göttingen. Ɛyʊ ɛnʊ ɛɛkɛ lɛɣtʊ tʊ yaa lɛɣtʊ tɩlɩyʊ kɛ Caama ɛjaɖɛ taa. Pamaɣzʊʊ nabɩyʊ taa se ɛkɛ lɛɣtʊ tɩlɩyaa taa kajalaɣ tʊ nɔyʊ kɛ kpaɣɖʊ 20 alɩwaatʊ taa ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ Henri Poincaré yɔ. Ɛyʊ ɛnʊ ɛlɩza lɛɣtʊ lɩmaɣza sakɩyɛ pɩlɩna siŋ lɩzɩɣ tʊmɩyɛ kpɛlɛkʊʊ yɔ.
Mbʊ pɩwɩla se ɛkɛ ñʊʊtʊ ɛ-tʊma taa yɔ kɛ pɩnaɣ 1900, kpaɣ ehiɣ tɩlasɩ sakɩyɛ nɛ pɩcamɩ ɛ-tɛ lɛɣtʊ ñɩnɩɣ nɔmɔʊ taa kpaɣɖʊ 20 alɩwaatʊ taa yɔ. Hilbert nɛ e-sukuli piyaa tɩlɩtʊ siŋ sukuli hɔɔlʊʊ taa yaa sukuli tɛ ɛsɩnda ɖɛnaʊ yɔ pɩlɩna koŋ lɛɣtʊ nɔmɔʊ taa kɔzɩ kɔzɩ kpɛdɛ naa tɔm taa nɛ ɖama maɣzɩnaʊ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ hɔɔlʊʊ taa.
Ɛmʊwa nɛ ɛɖaŋ piŋ Georg Cantor maɣzɩm pɩlɩna kpɛndɛ lɩmaɣza yɔɔ nɛ kamaɣ fɛyɩ ñʊʊ yɔɔ. Pasɩma-ɩ ɖɔɖɔ nɛ ɛ-tɛ siŋ wɩlɩtʊ lɩmaɣza nɛ cɔlɩɩ lɛɣtʊ kpɛlɛkɩɣ nɛ ɛtɛ ɛɖʊ tʊkaɣ lɛɣtʊ kpɛlɛkɩɣ tʊma nɛ helim taa lɛɣtʊ tɩlɩyɛ.
Hilbert laba sukuli kɛ hɛkʊ taa sukuli taa nɛ Königsberg sukuli kɩtɛzɩɣ taa. Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa palʊla-ɩ. Peeɖe ɛmʊ ɖɔkɔtɔ naa sɔsaa takayaɣ ɛlɛ, Ferdinand von Lindemann cɔŋa ɛ-yɔɔ. Pɩnaɣ 1885 alɩwaatʊ taa lɛ, ɛcɛlɛ ɛ-takayaɣ ŋga ɛma yɔ nɛ payaɣ se Über invariante Eigenschaften specieller binärer Formen, insbesondere der Kugelfunctionen. Alɩwaatʊ kʊyʊmtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa lɛ, Hermann Minkowski laakɣ ɖɔɖɔ sukuli ŋgʊ kɩ-taa. Papɩsɩ tabala siŋ nɛ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa peeɖe mbʊ yɔ pa-taa paweyi lɛ, ɛ-tɛ lɛɣtʊ tʊmɩyɛ ɖeu ɛzɩ pɩkpaɖɩ lɛlʊ yɔ.
Pɩnaɣ 1886 ŋtalɩ 1895 alɩwaatʊ taa mbʊ yɔ Hilbert pɩsɩ wɩlɩyʊ kɛ Königsberg sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ taa. Pɩnaɣ 1892 taa ɛkpaɣ halʊ, paya-ɩ se Käthe Jerosch (1864-1945), nɛ pɩsɩŋa lɛ, pɛwɛna pɩɣa eveleɣ paya kaka se Franz. Pɩnaɣ 1895 alɩwaatʊ taa lɛ, pɩtɩŋna Felix Klein tɔm yɔɔ lɛ, pakpa-ɩ se ɛkɛ lɛɣtʊ tɩlɩyaa nɔɔ yɔɔ ɖɛyʊ Göttingen sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ taa. Alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa mbʊ lɛ, Göttingen pɩsɩ lone ndɩ ɖɩmʊ niye lɛɣtʊ ñɩnɩɣ nɔmɔʊ taa yɔ. Hilbert wɛ peeɖe pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩ ɛ-tɛ hɛzɩɣ alɩwaatʊ pɩnaɣ 1930 taa.
Kpaɣ kpaɣɖʊ 20 alɩwaatʊ taa lɛ, ɛtɔ se pʊtʊmʊna halʊ se ɛwɩlɩ sukulɩ kɛ Prusse sukuli kɛtɛzʊʊ taa. Pʊkɔma ɛzɩ 1910 mbʊ yɔ lɛ, Hilbert seɣti Emmy Noether pana ñaɣʊ, ɛɛkɛ lɛɣtʊ tɩlɩyʊ kajalaɣ tʊ, weyi ɛpɔzaɣ se ɛwɩlɩ Göttingen sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ taa. Pɩsa koyondina tisi lɛ, ɛpɩsɩna se sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-tɛkɛ Turiki ɛyaa tɛ ŋgʊ.


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Latɛŋ kʊnʊŋ
Latɛŋ kʊnʊŋ, Latɛŋ taa lɛ lingua Latīna ou Latīna lingua kɛ Italii kʊnʊŋ nɛ kɩlɩna Ɛndɩ-Erɔpʊ cejewiye taa nɛ kiɖetɛ lɛ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ kʊ nɛ Latium nɛ Room antique pa-da. Nɛ paa pamaazɩɣ nabʊyʊ taa se kɩ-kɛ kʊnʊŋ kɩsɩbʊ kɔyɔ kɩ-tɛ tɩlɩtʊ nɛ kɩ-tɛ labɩnaʊ wɛɛ Sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ taa nɛ ɛjaɖɛ taa sɔŋzi nasɩyɛ tɛ laya kpeekpe cɔlɔ. Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ paɖɩna kʊ wɩlɩʊ sukuli na cɩkpema taa nɛ sukuli kɩtɛzɩŋ sakɩyɛ taa.
Latɛŋ kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ palakɩna kʊ tʊmɩyɛ paa ɖoye se palɩzɩna tɔmpe kɩfana sakɩyɛ kɛ kʊnʊmɩŋ cejewaa sakɩyɛ taa. Latɛŋ kʊnʊŋ nɛ kɩ-halɩbɩya, Romanɩ kʊnʊmɩŋ ɛlɛ payaɣ nabʊyʊ taa se Latɛŋ waa kɩfama, eyeke koŋ ɛwɛna Italii kʊnʊmɩŋ pɩlɩŋga taa. Pɩlɩnzɩ lɛɛsɩɣ wɛɛ cɩɖɩ cɩɖɩ ɖooo pʊcɔ italii romanɩ alɩwaatʊ takayasɩ taa, ɛlɛ paɖʊ-tʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ alɩwaatʊ taa yaa paɖʊ-tʊ ajɛyɛ tamsʊ nɔɣ alɩwaatʊ taa ndʊ paya se Empɩrɩ.
Roma kɩbɩnɩʊ tɛ tɛtʊ walʊ wɩlɩʊ ɛzima Latɛŋ mɩza sakɩyɛ sakɩyɛ kɛ pɩkpaʊ na kpaɖʊ naatozo ŋgʊ pʊcɔ palʊlʊʊ Yeesu Chrɩtʊ yɔ. kɩ-kɛ Romanɩ Empɩrɩ kʊnʊŋ sɔsɔʊ. kɩwalɩ sakɩyɛ kɛ Erɔpʊ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ hɔlʊʊ taa nɛ Afrika nɛ hayi kɩŋ nɛ Azii cɩkpelʊʊ taa nɛ Danubɩ ageetaa taa. Empɩrɩ tɛɛ lɛ Latɛŋ kɛ waɖɛ kʊnʊŋ kɩ-kɛ Romanɩ komina tʊmɩyɛ kʊnʊŋ nɛ sɔɔjɛtʊ kʊnʊŋ nɛRomanɩ ajɛyɛ sakɩyɛ tɛ kʊnʊŋ kɩnɛ Krɛsɩ kʊnʊŋ nɛ ageetaa taa kʊnʊmɩŋ.


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Hɔŋirii
Hɔŋirii kɛna Eerɔpʊ nɛ hɛkʊ nɛ hɛkʊ taa ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖi-tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ paya:g se Pudapɛsɩtɩ nɛ kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pɔyɔɔdʋʋ nɛ pawɩlɩɣ sukulinaa taa yɔ lɛ Hɔŋrʊwaa piyele nɛ liidiye nɖɩ pɔtɔkɩu yɔ lɛ foriŋ.
Hɔŋirii kɩɖaʊ kɛtɛɛka wɛna hɔɔlasɩ nasitozo nɛ tɔlɩm naputozo: kɩsɛɛmɩŋ, kʊlʊmɩŋ nɛ tɔlɩm mbʊ pʊwɛ ɛzɩ tɩŋ hatʊ yɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ taa makɩɣna 93 030 km2 nɛ kpaɣna hayʊ pitii pɩsɩɩna hadɛ lɛ kilomɛtanaa 250 wɛna nɛ pɩkpaɣna wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ nɛ pitii pɩsɩɩna wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ lɛ pɩmakɩna kilomɛtanaa 524.
Hɔŋirii nɛ Otirisii kamaɣ ŋga kɛwɛɛ yɔ pɩtalɩɣ kilomɛtanaa 2 009 yɔ kɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa, hadɛ kiŋ nɛ hadɛ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa lɛ Sɛrɩbii, Kuruwasii nɛ Siloveni, hadɛ kiŋ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ Rumaaniii piyele hayʊ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ Ukurɛnɩ pɩkazɩ nɛ hayʊ kiŋ lɛ Siloovaakii. Hɔŋirii ɛjaɖɛ taa ɛyaa kpɛndɩ miliyɔɔnaa hiŋ naalɛ yaa nɛɛlɛ (20).
Hɔŋirii ɛjaɖɛ taa paɣtʊ lɩzɩyaa lɩzɩɣna eɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊtʊ pɩnzɩ kagbanzɩ wayɩ nɛ ɛnʊ lɩzɩɣna komina yɔɔ cɔnɛyʊ. Komina ñʊʊtʊ ñalɩzɩɣna ɛ-tɛ minisiriwaa. Peeɖe paɣtʊ lɩzɩyaa kpɛndɩ 199. Politiki aŋgba wena awɛɛ yɔ, paa nɖɩ lɛ pɩwɛɛ se ɖɩwɛɛna paɣtʊ lɩzɩyaa ɛzɩ kagbanzɩ kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ nɛ pɩha-ɖɩ waɖɛ nɛ ɖɩpɩsɩ faction parlementaire.


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Nimasi fɛyɩ kaŋgalafu heyinau (Radiodiffusion)
Nimasi fɛyɩ kaŋgalafu heyinau (Radiodiffusion), kɛna tiyinau heyuu mayaa pɩtɩŋgɩna sɩɣlʋʋ piɖe yɔ. Sɩɣlʋʋ piɖe payaɣna Fransɩ kʋnʋŋ yɔdʋtʋ taa kɛlɛʋ size "ondes électromagnétiques". Kɩwaza keekee kɛlɛ lɛlɛʋ size, samaɣ ɛnɩɩ kpaɣkpaɣ kɛ mbʋ pɩɖɔŋ labʋ yɔ.
Sɩɣlʋʋ piɖe (ondes électromagnétiques) yekina nɛ, ɛyʋ kʋɖʋm nɩɩɩ camɩyɛ tɔm kiheyitu yaa sakɩyɛ pɩzɩ panɩ camɩyɛ ɖɔɖɔ tɔm kiheyitu ndʋ. Tʋmɩyɛ ɖɩnɛ, ɖɩpɩzʋʋ ɖitiyina wiliuu yaa tiliuu. Nɖɩ yekine nɛ nimasi fɛyɩ kaŋgalafu heyinau kʋnɛ, kɩnɩʋ taa tiliuu wɛ ɖoŋ yaa tɔtɔsɩɩ.
Polindaa kɩlɛlɩm naʋ nɛ nɩʋ (Télévision) wɛ camɩyɛ pɩtɩŋgɩna yaa pɩlɩna sɩɣlʋʋ piɖe (ondes électromagnétiques) ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-yɔ. Wɛɖɩʋ ŋgʋ, kɩkɛna nimasi fɛyɩ kaŋgalafu yɔɔdɩnaʋ yaa nimasi fɛyɩ polindaa yɔɔdɩnaʋ.
Tɔm piye nimasi fɛyɩ kaŋgalafu kɛ mbʋ payaɣ nabʋyʋ taa kpɛm size kpasɩ alɩkpɛ yaa yoma kpasɩ nzɩ ,payaɣna Fransɩ kʋnʋŋ taa size "chaîne" yɔ nɛ sɩmʋʋ kɩmʋʋ yɔ yɔ. Kpasɩ alɩkpɛ yekina nɛ panɩʋ paa tɔm ndʋ lɛ kɛ nimasi fɛyɩ kaŋgalafu taa.
Palɩza kɔɔnɔɔ yaa kajalaɣ nimasi fɛyɩ kaŋgalafu heyinau (Radiodiffusion) kɛ lakɩŋ fenaɣ taa kɛ evemiye nɛɛlɛ nɛ lutozo yaa hiŋ naalɛ nɛ lutozo (28) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye kɛ pɩnaɣ 1914 n̄ɩŋga taa. Pɩɩkɛ kewiyaɣ ɖaɣ ŋga paya kɛ size palais de Laeken kɛ Pɛlɩgiki (Belgique) ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʋ taa kɛ ɖajaa sɔsɔ Pɛlɩgɩ (Belges) wiyau sɔsɔ Albert Ier n̄azɩtʋ alɩwaatʋ taa.


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Sapɔŋ
Japɔŋ kɛ Azii nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ hɔɔlʊʊ taa tɛtʊ taa ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ. Ɖɩkɛ lɩm hɛkʊ taa tɛtʊ. Japɔŋ ɛjaɖɛ wɛ Pasifiki lɩŋgamʊʊ nɛ Japɔŋ teŋgu pɛ-hɛkʊ taa. Japɔŋ ɛjaɖɛ wɛ Siini nɛ Kooree nɛ Rusii pɛ-ajɛya nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ hɔɔlʊʊ taa. Ɖɩwɛ Tayiwanɩ ɛjaɖɛ nɛ hayi kiŋ. Hɩɖɛ Japɔŋ tɔbʊʊ se ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa wɩsɩ lɩnaa yɔ. Mbʊ yebina nɛ payaa Japɔŋ ɛjaɖɛ se «Wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ ɛjaɖɛ».
Kpaɣ ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1945 ñɩŋga taa lɩm hɛkɩŋ taa tɛtʊ ndɩ ndɩ kpɛnda nɛ pɛkɛ Japɔŋ ɛjaɖɛ. Lɩm hɛkɩŋ taa tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩkpɛndɩ 6 852. Tɩ-walanzɩ kɛ 100 mɛɛtrɩ kaaree. Japɔŋ ɛjaɖɛ lɩm hɛkɩŋ taa tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩkɩlɩ paɣlʊʊ yaa walʊʊ yɔ, ndʊʊ yɔ : Honshū nɛ Hokkaidō nɛ Kyūshū nɛ Shikoku. Yee pɛtɛyɩ Japɔŋ ɛjaɖɛ tɔm mɩnʊʊ taa yɔ, lɩm hɛkɩŋ taa tɛtʊ ndʊ ɖɩya mbʊ yɔ, tɩkpakɩɣ 95 hɔɔlʊʊ mpilim. Japɔŋ ɛjaɖɛ walaa pɩtalɩ kilomɛɛtɛnaa kudokiŋ naadozo. Japɔŋ ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʊ hɛkɩŋ taa tɛtʊ ndʊ, tɩ-taa sakɩyɛ kɛ pʊŋ. Nabʊyʊ taa lɛ tɛtʊ sekiɣna tɛtɛɛ nɛ pɩlɩɣ ɛzɩ kobulaɣ huɣu nɛ pɩkpɛdɩɣ yɔ. Japɔŋ ɛjaɖɛ taa pʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩkɩlɩ kʊyʊʊ yɔ, ŋgʊʊ lɛ Fuji pʊʊ. Kʊkʊyaa pɩtalɩ mɛtanaa 3 776 mbʊ yɔ. Kpaɣ ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1707 ñɩŋga taa kɩkɛ mbʊ payaɣ se fɔlɩkaɣ (volcan) yɔ. Kedeŋa kpeekpe yɔɔ cɩnɛ ajɛya nakʊ ɖeke kɩlɩnɩ Japɔŋ ɛyaa ɖɔʊ nʊmɔʊ taa. Japɔŋ samaɣ talɩ ɛzɩ ɛyaa miiliyɔɔ waa 127 mbʊ yɔ. Japɔŋ tɛtʊ walɩ 377 488 kilomɛta kaaree yɔɔ. Kilomɛta kaaree yɔɔ lɛ, ɛyaa 377 wɛna. Teŋgunaa nɛ lɩŋgamɩŋ pe-kidemiŋ nɔsɩ yɔɔ kpɛɛɛ ɛyaa kɩlɩ ɖɔʊ.Japɔŋ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ lɛ Tokiyoo. Japɔŋ ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ ndʊ tɩkɩlɩna paɣlʊʊ kedeŋa kpeekpe yɔɔ cɩnɛ. Tɛtʊ ndʊ, tɩ-samaɣ talɩ ɛyaa miiliyɔɔ waa niidozo nɛ kagbaanzɩ (35) yɔ nɛ pɩɖɛɛ pʊ-yɔɔ. Pɩnaɣ 1990 taa tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa liidiye kakɩlɩ ɖɔʊ kedeŋa kpeekpe yɔɔ.
Ñɩnɩyaa ñɩnaa nɛ pakaɖɩ kpayɩ se ɖooo paleyolitiki (paléolithique) alɩwaatʊ taa ɛyaa paɣzɩ ɖɔʊ Japɔŋ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Siini ɛjaɖɛ tɔm takayaɣ taa pacalɩ yɔɔdʊʊ Japɔŋ ɛjaɖɛ tɔm kpaɖʊʊ kajalaɣ ñɩŋgʊ taa. Pɩnaɣ 1947 taa Japɔŋ lɩzɩ ɖɩ-ɛjaɖɛ paɣtʊ ndɩ ndɩ. Ɖɩ-paɣtʊ taa lɛ, pʊwɛɛ se weyi ɛkɛɣ ɛjaɖɛ wiyaʊ sɔsɔ yɔ, ɛsɩkɩ nɛ pʊcɔ pasɩɩ nɔɔyʊ. Pʊwɛɛ se palɩzɩɣ paɣtʊ lɩzɩyaa ɖɔɖɔ, papa cejewiye payaɣ se Tiyɛɛtɩ (Diète).
Kedeŋa kpeekpe yɔɔ cɩnɛ ajɛya naalɛ ɖeke tɔsʊʊ kɩlɩna ɖɔʊ Japɔŋ ɛjaɖɛ tɔsʊʊ. Kedeŋa kpeekpe yɔɔ cɩna ajɛya naadozo ɖeke kɩlɩna Japɔŋ ɛjaɖɛ ajɛya lɛɛna taa wondu ndɩ ndɩ wonaʊ tʊmɩyɛ nʊmɔʊ taa. Piyele nɛ ajɛya lɛɛna taa wondu ndɩ ndɩ kɔnaʊ nʊmɔʊ taa lɛ, japɔŋ ɛjaɖɛ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ loɖo ñɩnɖɛ. Tadɩyɛ nʊmɔʊ taa lɛ, Japɔŋ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɛna ɛsɩndaa. Pʊ-yɔɔ ɖi-liidiye kɩlɩ ɖɔʊ kedeŋa kpeekpe ajɛya lɛɛna. Pɩtakazɩ ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ se ɖɩfɛyɩna kɩmɩyɛ Japɔŋ ɛjaɖɛ. Ɖɩkɩndɩ ajɛya lɛɛna liidiye miiliyaaɖɩ waa pɩtalɩ ɛzɩ 325 000 yɔ halɩ pɩɖɛɛ pʊ-yɔɔ. Liidiye ɖɔʊ nʊmɔʊ taa lɛ, Japɔŋ ɛjaɖɛ wayɩ lɛ, Siini ɛjaɖɛ tɩŋɩna. Japɔŋ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɛ ɛsɩnda pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ. Japɔŋ ɛjaɖɛ ɛyaa tɔkɩ pahakɩ pa-tɩ yɔɔ yem fɛɛɛ. Japɔŋ ɛjaɖɛ taa ɛyaa kɩlɩɣna wezuu caɣʊ pileɖiɣ kedeŋa yɔɔ cɩnɛ. Kedeŋa kpeekpe ajɛya kpɛndʊʊ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se ONU yɔ ɖɩñɩnɩna nɛ ɖisusi-tʊ. Ɛlɛ, paa mbʊ yɔ cɛyɩtʊ natʊyʊ natʊyʊ wɛ Japɔŋ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɖɩkpaɣ ɛzɩ piya lʊlʊʊ nʊmɔʊ taa mbʊ yɔ, ɖɩnaɣ se Japɔŋ ɛjaɖɛ taa pɩtɔyɩna kpem kedeŋa yɔɔ cɩnɛ. Japɔŋ ɛjaɖɛ ɛyaa wɛɛ pakpɩlɩɣ kpɩlʊʊ yɔɔ sɔnɔdaa.
Tɛtʋ cikpetu cikpetu ndʋ lɩm cɔ-tʋ kondigo nɛ pɩta yɔ tɩ-tɔm wɛ Jaapɔɔnɩ tɔm taa ɖɔɖɔ. Kpaɣ ɖooo Jaapɔɔnɩ egeetiye caanaʋ tɔm nɛ pɩkɔɔ pɩsɩɩna se Jaapɔɔnɩ pɩsɩ ɛjaɖɛ yɔ pʋ-tɔm.
Pama takayaɣ nakɛyɛ nɛ pɛkɛdɩ ka-taa Siini ɛjaɖɛ tɔm. Takayaɣ ŋga ka-taa pajalɩ kɛdʋʋ pazɩ Jaapɔɔnɩ tɔm. Takayaɣ ŋgaa paya nɛ anasaayɩ taa se "Les Vingt-quatre Histoires". Pama-kɛ ɖooo kpaɖʋʋ kajalaɣ n̄ɩŋgʋ taa nɛ pʋcɔ palʋlɩ Yeesu-Krɩstʋ. Ɛlɛ, nabʋyʋ wɛ tɛtʋ ndʋ lɩm cɔ-tʋ nɛ pɩta Jaapɔɔnɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa mbʋ yɔ nɛ pɩwɩlɩɣ se ɛyaa kacaɣ tɩ-taa ɖooo pʋcɔ caanaʋ tɔm calɩɣ. Alɩwaatʋ ndʋʋ payaɣ se "Paléolithique" alɩwaatʋ. Alɩwaatʋ ndʋ tɩ-taa ɛyaa sakaɣ pɛ. Mbʋ paya anasaayɩ taa se "le riche écosystème de l'archipel japonais" yɔ piyebina nɛ "Jōmon" sɔnzɩ wɛɛ. Sɩwɛʋ yɔ, pɩtala pɩnzɩ 12 000 nɛ pʋcɔ ɖa-kpaɖʋʋ alɩwaatʋ paɣzɩ.


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Armenii
Armenii kɛna hɔɔ ŋgʊ payaɣ-kʊ se Kokaazɩ Cikpeluu nɛ kɩwɛ EEraazii yɔ kɩ-taa ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɛ ɖɩ-wɩsɩ ɖɩ-ɖʊyɛ taa lɛ, Turkii ɛjaɖɛ wɛna; hayʊ kiŋ lɛ, Zɔɔrzii; wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ, Azɛrbayɩjanɩ piyele nɛ hadɛkiŋ lɛ, Iiraŋ ɛjɛɖɛ wɛna. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩwɛ Azii keteŋga taa ɛlɛ yee pɔcɔna ɖɩ-tɛ poliotiki tɔm, ɖɩ-ɛsa kuliye tɔm, ɖɩ-caanaʊ tɔm payɩ k;poyɔ, ɛyʊ naɣ se ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩwɛ Erɔpʊ keteŋga taa.
Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ papɩzɩʊ pɔtɔ se peeɖe kɛ krɩstʊ tɔm ñɔɔ yɔ. Ɖɩwɛ keteŋga kpeekpe aŋgba nɛ taabalɩyɛ kagaŋ sakɩyɛ taa. Aŋgba ana yaa kɩgaŋ ɩnʊ ɩ-taa kɔyɔ: ONU, Erɔpʊ tɛ Lɔŋpaasɩyɛ ŋgbɛɛ, Ajɛya wena awɛ a-tɩyɔɔ yɔ a-tɛ taabalɩyɛ ŋgbɛyɛ.
Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-walanzɩ taa maɣna ɛzɩ 29 743 km2 ɛlɛ ɖenɖe lɩm wɛɛ yɔ peeɖe ɖeke talɩʊ ɛzɩ 4,7 km2. Kɔlaɣ fenaɣ 2016 taa pakala ɛyaa kɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa lɛ, pɛkpɛnda 2 998 600. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛtʊ sɔsɔ payaɣ se Erevaŋ nɛ liidiya nɖɩ pɔtɔkjɩ-ɖɩ peeɖe yɔ payaɣ-ɖɩ seTram. Kʊnʊmɩŋ weyi pɔyɔɔdɩɣ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlɩʊj sukulinaa taa yɔ, ɩnʊʊ lɛ Erevŋ nɛ Armenii.
Salaŋ fenaɣ 21 pɩnaɣ 1991 kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩmʊ ɖɩ-tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊ nɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-ñʊʊdʊ kɩfalʊ weyi palɩza-ɩ ɖooo pɩnaɣ 2008 yɔ, ɛnʊʊ payaɣ se Serge Sargian nɛ komina yɔɔ cɔnɩyʊ (pɩnaɣ 2016) payaɣ se Karen Karapetian. Paɣtʊ lɩzɩyaa kpɛnda ɛyaa 131.


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Antarɩtiki tɛtʋ wandamm
Kedeŋa kpeekpe tɛtʋ wandamm waa tɩŋa payɩ taa lɛ, Antarɩtiki tɛtʋ wandamm kɩlɩna wɛʋ nɛ hadɛ kiŋ. Ɔsɩtralɩ (Austral) lɩŋamʋʋ cɔ Antarɩtiki tɛtʋ wandamm nɛ pɩta. Ross teŋu nɛ Weddell teŋu pɛwɛ ɖɔɖɔ Antarɩtiki tɛtʋ wandamm taa.
Antarɩtiki tɛtʋ wandamm tɛ walanzɩ kɛ miiliyɔɔ waa hiu nɛ naanza. Aazii tɛtʋ wandamm nɛ Afrɩka tɛtʋ wandamm nɛ Amerika tɛtʋ wandamm pakɩlɩ walʋʋ Antarɩtiki tɛtʋ wandamm, Ɛlɛ, Antarɩtiki tɛtʋ wandamm kɩlɩ walʋʋ Eerɔpʋ tɛtʋ wandamm nɛ Oseyaɣ tɛtʋ wandamm.
Ɖompe sɔsɔna huuzi Antarɩtiki tɛtʋ wandamm yɔɔ. Yee pɛtɛyɩ Antarɩtiki tɛtʋ wandamm hɔɔlɩŋ mɩnʋʋ kɔyɔ, ɖompe huuzi hɔɔlɩŋ nɩɩnʋwa nɛ hiŋ naanza nɛ lutozo yɔɔ. Ɖompe ana, a-walanzɩ talɩ kilomɛtɛnaa 1,6 mbʋ yɔ.
Mbʋ yebina nɛ patapɩzɩda patɩlɩ camɩyɛ ɛzɩma Antarɩtiki tɛtʋ wandamm tɛtɛɛ wɛɛ yɔ. Ɛlɛ, ɖompe ana, aɖɔŋ ñɔlʋʋ pazɩ pazɩ nɛ pɩnaɣ pʋŋ nɩɩyɛ ɛzɩ Gamburtsev pʋʋ mbʋ yɔ.
Kedeŋa kpeekpe tɛtʋ wandamm waa tɩŋa payɩ taa lɛ, Antarɩtiki tɛtʋ wandamm taa niikaɣ kɩlaa. Tɩ-taa ɖɔɖɔ heelim kɩlɩɣ mabʋ. Tɩ-taa ɖɔɖɔ wɩlɩŋ kɩlɩɣ kpaʋ. Tɛʋ ɛɛnɩɣ tɛtʋ wandamm ndʋ tɩ-taa sakɩyɛ. Yee pamaɣzɩ pɩnaɣ mpilim taa tɛʋ lɩm mbʋ pitiba Antarɩtiki tɛtʋ wandamm taa kɔyɔ, pɩkɛɣ miiliimɛta naa 200 ɖeke. Antarɩtiki tɛtʋ wandamm hɛkʋ taa kañɩmpusuu kɩlɩ walʋʋ kedeŋa kpeekpe yɔɔ cɩnɛ.
Ɛyaa nabɛyɛ fɛyɩ Antarɩtiki tɛtʋ wandamm taa se pɛ-tɛ lɛ peeye. Ɛlɛ, ɛyaa pɩzɩɣ powoki nɛ papɩzɩɣ pɛ-tɛ pɛ-tɛ. Tɛtɛ kpɩna wena niikaɣ nɛ cɩkpɛndʋʋ pamalɩna-yɛ yɔ, a-ɖeke apɩzɩɣna nɛ acaɣ wezuu Antarɩtiki tɛtʋ wandamm taa. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se, tɛtɛ kpɩna ana, apɩzɩɣ ɖɔɖɔ acaɣ wezuu wɩlɩŋ tɛtʋ taa. Tɩŋ nɩɩyɛ ɖɔɖɔ pɩzɩna ɛwɛɛ Antarɩtiki tɛtʋ wandamm taa.
Tɛtɛ kpɩna wena apɩzɩɣ acaɣ wezuu Antarɩtiki tɛtʋ wandamm taa yɔ, a-hɩla yɔ : tɛtɛ kpɩna wena payaɣ se manchots waa nɛ phoques waa nɛ crustacés waa nɛ mousses waa nɛ lichens waa yɔ nɛ kpakpasɩ.
Pɩnaɣ 1820 taa pacalɩ naʋ Antarɩtiki tɛtʋ wandamm. Ɖajanaa panɛ, Mikhaïl Lazarev nɛ Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen pacalɩna tɩ-yɔɔ lɩʋ. Ɖajanaa ḿba, pɛkɛ Ruusi ɛjaɖɛ taa ñɩma.
Palɩ Antarɩtiki tɛtʋ wandamm yɔɔ, ɛlɛ, tɩfɛyɩ ɛyaa wazaɣ caaa. Mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ, wezuu caɣʋ wɛ kaɖɛ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ, halɩ ɛyʋ ɛɛtɩɩpɩzɩɣ ɛcaɣ wezuu tɩ-taa.


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Kalɩfɔrnii
Kalɩfɔrnii kɛna Etaazunii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ natʊyʊ. Nɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ ajɛya cikpena naayɛ nɩɩnɩwa kpɛndɩna nɛ aɖʊ nɔɔ nɛ awɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ taa kpaɩ. Etaazunii tɔbʊʊ nɛ kabɩyɛ taa se ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ.
Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩcɔ ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ nɛ tɩta yɔ ndʊ yɔ: Wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ, Etaazunii pɔɔ sɔsɔɣa nakayɛ, hadɛ kiŋ lɛ Sonora kañɩmbʊsaɣ piyele nɛ hayʊ kiŋ lɛ pʊŋ weyi payaɣ-ɩ se Klaamaatɩ yɔ ɛwɛna.
Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Los Angeles nɛ ndʊ tɩkɩlɩna walanzɩ nɛ tɩ-taa ɖɔɖɔ ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ. Peeɖe pʊŋ kʊkʊyɩmɩŋ taa maɣna ɛzɩ mɛtanaa 884 pʊtɔbʊʊ se pamaaza sɔsɔʊ lɛ pɩkpɛnda mɛtanaa 4 421nɛ cikpeluu lɛ kʊ-kʊ tɛ kʊkʊyɩmɩŋ ñamaɣna mɛtanaa 86. Pʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩkɩla kʊyʊʊ yɔ ŋgʊ lɛ Wiitnee.
Pamaza Kalɩfɔrnii ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ taa lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ 423 970 km2 nɛ ɖenɖe lɩm wɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe takɩlɩ ɖɔʊ nɛ pɩmakʊɣna ɛzɩ 20 037 km2 yɔ pʊtɔbʊʊ se pɩmakɩɣna ɛzɩ 4,7 yɔ kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ. Pɩnaɣ 2017 taa pakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ pana ɛyaa ɛzɩ miliyɔɔnaa 39 536 653 yɔ.
Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa yee pakalɩɣ ɛyaa km2 taa kɔyɔ, panaɣ-wɛ ɛzɩ 93 yɔ. Payaɣ Kaliifɔɔrnii ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-ñʊʊdʊ se: Jerry Brown (D) nɛ ɛ-tɛ komina yɔɔ cɔnayʊ se Dianne Feinstein (D) Kamala Harris (D).
Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, ŋgʊʊ lɛ aŋgilisi.
Kalɩfɔrnɩɩ nɛ hayɩ kiŋ[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Kalɩfɔrnii nɛ hayɩ kiŋ tɩcɔ ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ nɛ tɩta yɔ ndʊ yɔ: Hayʊ kiŋ lɛ, pʊŋ nɩyɛ wɛɛ nɛ Pasifikii kujomuu hɔɔlʊʊ taa nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ Siyeraa Nevaadaa wɛna nɛ peeɖe lɛ ɖɔm pee naayɛ wɛna kamaɣ fɛyɩ. Siŋŋŋ taa lɛ payaɣaʊ se Kalɩfɔrnii nɛ hayʊ kiŋ yɔ, pañɩnʊʊ paɖʊ tʊkaɣ tɛtʊ cikpetu ndʊ payaɣ-tʊ se Kalfɔɔnii yɔ nɛ lɛɛtʊ ndʊ payaɣ tʊ se Kalfɔɔrnii nɛ hadɛ kiŋ yɔ a-hɛkʊ taa.
Kalɩfɔrnii nɛ hadɛ kiŋ[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Kalɩfɔrnii nɛ hadɛ kiŋ tɩcɔ ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ nɛ tɩta yɔ ndʊ yɔ: Wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ Mojavii nɛ Sonora kañɩmbusasɩ, wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa kiŋ lɛ Pasifiki kujomuu, hadɛ kiŋ lɛ Etaazunii nɛ Mɛkɩzikii, piyele nɛ hayʊ kiŋ lɛ Tehajapii pʊŋ nɛ ɛlɛ ñɛwɛna Los Angelese nɛ kilomɛtanaa ɛzɩ 110 yɔ.
Kalɩfɔrnii nɛ hadɛ kiŋ kɛna ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩwɛna Kalfɔrnii tɛtʊ ndʊ wɛna nɛ hadɛ kiŋ yɔ. Ɖeɖe nɛ sɔnɔ mbʊ yɔ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ natɔyʊ wɛɛ tɩpaɣlʊ peeɖe nɛ tɩpaɣlʊ nɛ tɩ-taa kɔyɔ Foniksii, Las Vegasii, Tijuwaana.


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UE ŋgbɛyɛ
Eerɔpʋ tɛtʋ taa ajɛya wɛna ŋgbɛyɛ naɖɩyɛ. Payaɣ-ɖɩ se UE ŋgbɛyɛ. Ŋgbɛyɛ ńɖɩ, ɖɩlakɩ politiki tʋmɩyɛ nɛ ɖɩlʋkɩ siŋŋ se Eerɔpʋ tɛtʋ taa ajɛya tɔsɩŋ ɛɖɛɛna ɛsɩndaa nɛ pɩkɩlɩ.
Eerɔpʋ tɛtʋ taa ajɛya nɛɛlɛ nɛ lutozo (28) nɩŋna ɖama nɛ aɖʋ ŋgbɛyɛ ńɖɩ. Ajɛya ana, a-walanzɩ tɩŋɛ kɛ km2 waa 4,5 miiliyɔɔ. Ajɛya ana, a-tɩŋa a-taa ɛyaa yaa samaɣ ñʋʋ kɛ miiliyɔɔ waa 510. UE ŋgbɛyɛ ajɛya tɔzɩŋ kɩlɩna ɖɛʋ ɛsɩndaa kedeŋa yɔɔ.
UE ŋgbɛyɛ taa ajɛya laba kedizasɩ sɔsɔsɩ naalɛ saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ taa, pɩnaɣ 2009 ñɩŋa taa. Palaba nakɛyɛ Maastriche tɛtʋ taa nɛ pâla lɛɛka Room tɛtʋ taa. Kedizasɩ naalɛ nzɩ sɩkpaɣna paɣtʋ ndʋ tɩ-yɔɔ pʋwɛɛ se UE ŋgbɛyɛ ɛɖɔ tɩ-yɔɔ nɛ piɖena ŋgbɛyɛ ńɖɩ ɖɩ-taa ajɛya tɩŋa yɔ. UE ajɛya laba ɖɔɖɔ kedizaɣ sɔsaɣ nakɛyɛ Lisbonne tɛtʋ taa nɛ patasɩ paɣtʋ ndɩ ndɩ lɛɛtʋ kpaɣʋ se UE ajɛya ɛtɩŋna tɩ-yɔɔ nɛ pɛ-ŋgbɛyɛ tʋma ɖɛɛna ɛsɩndaa. UE ajɛya kewiisi taa ɛyaa tɔʋ caca nɛ palɩzɩ UE ŋgbɛyɛ paɣtʋ ndɩ ndɩ. UE ŋgbɛyɛ wɛna kedizaɣ nakɛyɛ labʋ paa pɩnaɣ ŋga ka-taa. UE ŋgbɛyɛ ajɛya tɛ Minisi waa wɛna ɖɔɖɔ kedizaɣ nakɛyɛ labʋ paa pɩnaɣ ŋga ka-taa.
UE ŋgbɛyɛ paɣtʋ lɩzɩyaa lɩzɩɣna UE ŋgbɛyɛ ñʋʋdʋ. Ɛlɛ, UE ŋgbɛyɛ kedizaɣ taa pɔyɔɔdʋʋ nɛ pʋcɔ paɣtʋ lɩzɩyaa ḿba, pɛwɛɛna ɖoŋ nɛ palɩzɩ ŋgbɛyɛ ńɖɩ ɖɩ-ñʋʋdʋ. UE ŋgbɛyɛ tɔm hʋʋ pɩlɩʋ lʋkɩna nɛ paa ɛjaɖɛ ńɖɩ ɖɩña UE ŋgbɛyɛ tɛ waɖɛ camɩyɛ. Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ tɛ Minisi weyi ɛcɔŋna Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ nɛ ajɛya lɛɛna pa-taabalɩyɛ ɖʋʋ tʋma yɔɔ yɔ, ɛyɔɔda tɔm natʋyʋ agoza fenaɣ kɩyakʋ nakʋ ñɩŋʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1950 taa. Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ tɛ Minisi ɛnʋ, payaɣ-ɩ se Robert Schuman.
Toovenum lɛ, tɔm ndʋ Minisi ɛnʋ ɛyɔɔdaa yɔ tiyebina nɛ UE ŋgbɛyɛ ñɔ. Eerɔpʋ tɛtʋ taa politiki laɖaa sɔsaa nabɛyɛ tɛsɩna seɣtuu Eerɔp tɛtʋ taa ajɛya siŋŋ nɛ UE ŋgbɛyɛ kpa ɖoŋ. Ɖajaanaa ḿba, pa-hɩla yɔ : ɖajaa Konrad Adenauer nɛ ɖajaa Jean Monnet nɛ ɖajaa Alcide De Gasperi. :Dajaanaa panɛ peyebina nɛ Eerɔpʋ tɛtʋ ñɔ. Pa-hɩla sɛ siŋŋ kedeŋa yɔɔ. Pɩnaɣ 1951 taa Eerɔpʋ tɛtʋ taa ajɛya loɖo naayɛ nɩna ɖama nɛ paɖʋ ŋgbɛyɛ naɖɩyɛ. Ajɛya loɖo ana, akpɛndʋʋ nɛ alakɩ aka nɛ mbʋ payaɣ se asiyee (acier) yɔ pʋ-tʋma.
Ajɛya wena ayeba nɛ UE ŋgbɛyɛ ñɔ yɔ, anaa yɔ : Caama ɛjaɖɛ nɛ Pɛlɩziiki nɛ Fransɩ nɛ Italii nɛ Lukizambuuri ne Peyibaa. Pɩnaɣ 1957 taa UE ŋgbɛyɛ ñɔɔ. Ɛlɛ, pɩnaɣ 1973 taa lɛ, Eerɔpʋ tɛtʋ taa ajɛya naadozo naayɛ sʋʋ UE ŋgbɛyɛ taa. Ajɛya ana, anaa yɔ : Tanemarɩkɩ nɛ [[Irilandɩ[] nɛ Kewiisi kpɛndʋʋ.
UE ŋgbɛyɛ tasɩ walʋʋ nɛ hadɛ kiŋ hɔɔlʋʋ taa pɩlɩɩna ajɛya naayɛ yɔɔ. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se Eerɔpʋ tɛtʋ nɛ hadɛ kiŋ hɔɔlʋʋ taa ajɛya naayɛ tasɩ sʋʋ UE ŋgbɛyɛ taa. Ajɛya ana, anaa yɔ : Krɛɛsɩ nɛ Ɛsɩpañɩ nɛ Pɔɔrɩtigaal. Krɛɛsɩ ɛjaɖɛ sʋ UE ŋgbɛyɛ taa pɩnaɣ 1981 ñɩŋa taa nɛ piyele Ɛsɩpaañɩ ɛjaɖɛ nɛ Pɔɔrɩtigaalɩ alɛ sʋʋ pɩnaɣ 1986 ñɩŋa taa.


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Hɛkʊ nɛ Hɛkʊ Alɩwaatʊ kɛ
Wɛɛ anaa awɛ kɩbɩnjaazɩ alɩwaatʊ nɛ alɩwaatʊ kɩfatʊ pɛ-hɛkʊ taa, alɩwaatʊ ndʊ pɛtɛyɩ-tʊ pʊɖɔɔ. Ɖɩnaɣ hayi Alɩwaatʊ Kɩmaɣnatʊ (kpaɣɖʊ 6 ŋtalɩ 10 ŋgʊ), hɛkʊ Alɩwaatʊ Kɩmaɣnatʊ (kpaɣɖʊ 11 ŋtalɩ 13 ŋgʊ) nɛ kɩɖɩnatʊ Alɩwaatʊ Kɩmaɣnatʊ (kpaɣɖʊ 14 ŋtalɩ 15 ŋgʊ).
Ɛyaa kɩɩɖɔʊ nɛ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ kɩɩɖɔʊ nɛ ɛyaa sʊʊ nɛ lɩʊ kɛ kɩbɩnjaazɩ kɩɖɩnaʊ alɩwaatʊ taa wɛ halɩ pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩ hayi Kɩmaɣnaʊ Alɩwaatʊ nɛ ɛyaa mɛɛsa tokuli waa sʊʊ nɛ pasɩɩ kewiisi kɩfasɩ kɛ Room Wɩsɩ Ɖɩɖʊyɛ ajɛyɛ kɩbɩna lonaa taa. Paa yee alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa lɛɛzɩtʊ ɛlaba pɩlɩna ɛyaa ɛsakuliye cɔlɔ kɔyɔ, patapɩzɩɣ patʊɣʊ pa-tɩ nɛ kɩbɩnjaazɩ cɔlɔ tɛ ŋgʊ. Room Ampiri wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa hɔɔlʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩɩna tɛtʊ ñamsʊʊ tɛ tɩlasɩ yɔ kɩɩwɛna ɖoŋ sɔsɔŋ nɩɩyɛ pɛ-ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ payaɣ-ɖɩ se Ampiri Pɩzantɛ.
Alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa kilesa kɩ-tɛ ajɛyɛ sakɩyɛ Wɩsɩ Ɖɩlɩyɛ kɩmaɣnɩyɛ taa nɛ
Frankɩ waa kewiyaɣ ɖɛzɩtʊ alɩwaatʊ, ɛyaa mba paɖanɩ fezuu Wɩsɩ Ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa Krɩstʊ ñɩma tɛ Ampiri kɛ kpaɣɖʊ 9 alɩwaatʊ taa pʊcɔ kɩkɛsɩ kɩ-tɩ pɩlɩna Hayi yɔɔ Vikings waa tɛ yoŋ nɛ
Pɩnaɣ kudoku wayi lɛ, kpaɣna Alɩwaatʊ kɩmaɣnatʊ hɛkʊ taa ndʊ taa lɛ, Eerɔpʊ ajɛyɛ taa ɛyaa ɖɔ piŋ pɩtɩŋna lɛɛzʊʊ kpɛlɩ nɛ kpɛlɩ tɩlɩtʊ yɔɔ, mbʊ piyeba nɛ pehikiɣ tɔɔnasɩ sakɩyɛ haɖaʊ hɔɔlʊʊ taa.


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Charles de Gaulle
Charles de Gaulle sakɩyɛ taa lɛ, paya-ɩ se sɔdʊʊ Gaulle, palʊla-ɩ kamɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 22 pɩnaɣ 1890 alɩwaatʊ taa kɛ Lille tɛtʊ taa nɛ ɛsɩ kamɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 9 ŋgʊ wiye kɛ pɩnaɣ 1970 taa kɛ Colombey Chɔɔcɩ naa naalɛ tɛtʊ taa. Ɛyʊ ɛnʊ ɛɛkɛ sɔɔja ɖoŋ tʊ nɔyʊ, ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊ tʊ nɛ takayasɩ mayʊ nɔyʊ ɖɔɖɔ Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa.
Ɛɛkɛ Fransɩɩ mɛwɛ mantɩ yɔɔ ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊ tʊ nɛ ɖɔɖɔ Fransɩɩ ŋgbɛyɛ ndɩ ɖɩlʊba nɛ ɛjaɖɛ hiɣ hɛzɩyɛ yɔɔ tɛ nɔɔ yɔɔ ɖɛyʊ kpaɣ kedeŋga kpeekpe you sɔsɔʊ alɩwaatʊ taa. Pasɩ-ɩ alɩwaatʊ pazɩ yem kɛ Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ komina nɔɔ yɔɔ kɛ pɩnzɩ 1944 ŋtalɩ 1946 wɛɛ taa, ɛkɛ Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ tɛ lɩm ɖʊyaa lɔŋ tasɩyaa tɛ ñʊʊ tʊ pɩnzɩ 1958 ŋtalɩ 1959 alɩwaatʊ taa. Ɛnʊ tɩna ɛjaɖɛ 5 nɖɛ kiɖe pɩnaɣ 1958. Ɛkɛ Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊ tʊ kɔlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 8 pɩnaɣ 1959 ŋtalɩ ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 28 pɩnaɣ 1969.
De Gaulle pɩsa kewiyaɣ kpelaɣ yɔɔ agoza fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 13 pɩnaɣ 1958 taa ñɔɔsɩ kʊñɔŋ alɩwaatʊ taa, alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa kɛ palakaɣ you nɛ Alizeerii ɛjaɖɛ. Henri de Gaulle lʊlɩna Charles de Gaulle (pɩnaɣ 1848-1932) nɛ e-ɖoo kɔyɔ Jeanne Maillot (1860-1940). Ɛkɛ Julien-Philippe de Gaulle sɛyɩ, ɛkɛ tɔm kɛdɩyʊ sɔsɔ nɔyʊ Paarii tɛtʊ taa, nɛ tʊma sɔsɔna tʊ ñʊʊ tʊ nɔyʊ kɛ Hayi yɔɔ ɛjɛyɛ taa kiŋ. Pasɩma-ɩ nɛ e-liɖe taa tʊma naayɛ yɔɔ, katoliki paɣtʊ yɔɔ ɖɔnʊ, ɛsɔɔlɩ sukuli labʊ nɛ kewiyaɣ taa tʊma labʊ (waɖɛ, taba tʊma yɔɔ cɔnɩyʊ yaa sɔɔjɛtʊ tʊma yɔɔ cɔnɩyʊ).
Palʊlɩ piya naatozo. Sɔdʊʊ ekpele naa naalɛ kɛ ñɩnɩya mba pasɩma lɔŋ piŋ yɔ. Kajalaɣ tʊ Charles, akpele, weyi canɩɩ canɩɩ kʊdɔŋ caazɩ-ɩ kɛ kʊnʊmɩŋ yɔɔ kpɛlɛkɩyʊ nɛ tɩnʊʊ kɔyɔ Jules, ɛlɛ kpɛlɛka tɛtɛ ñɩtʊ yɔɔ tʊmɩyɛ. Henri sɔdʊʊ pɩyalʊ kɛlɛ, palʊla-ɩ pɩnaɣ 1848 kɛ kamɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 22. Pʊkɔma ɛzɩ ɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 30 ɛkpaɣ halʊ ɛnʊ payaɣ se Jeanne Maillot, e-ɖoo ɖɛtʊ lɛ mbʊ yɔ.


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Big Bang
Big Bang kɛna keteŋa paɣtʊ kpɛlɛkʊtʊɖɛ ndʊ lɔnsɩnɖɛ ñɩnɩya kpaɣ nɛ pañɩnɩna tɛtʊ nɛ tɩ-yɔɔ ɛyaa kpeekpe lɩnaa yɔ. Cacalaɣ taa lɛ Pɛlɩzɩ katolika-tʊ sɔsɔ weyi payaɣ-ɩ se Georges Lemaître yɔ ɛnʊ ɛcalɩna-tʊ maɣzɩɣ ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1927. Ɛcalɩna yɔɔdɩɣ se tɛtʊ nɛ tɩ-yɔɔ ɛyaa kpeekpe naʊ mbʊ yɔ, pɩɩkɛ ɖoli kʊɖʊm nɛ pʊcɔ nɛ pamɩzɩ keteŋa kpeekpe yɔɔ.
Pʊwayɩ lɛ Amerika tɩnzɩ tɩlɩtʊ ñɩnɩyʊ weyi pa yaɣ-ɩ se Edwin Hubble ɛñɩɣʊ-tʊ yɔɔ nesi pɩnaɣ 1929 se ɛɛɛ mbʊ pɩlaba. Payaɣʊ se Big Bang yɔ kacalaɣ poombo taa lɛ, pɩɩkɛna ɛzɩ woŋga pʊyʊ yɔ; nɛ aradiyo ŋgʊ payaɣ-kʊ se BBC yɔ, kɩ-taa kɛ pacala-tʊ nɩʊ pɩnaɣ 1950. Piritaaniiki-tʊ weyi pyayaɣ-ɩ se Fred Hoyle yɔ ɛnʊ ɛcalɩna-tʊ yɔɔdɩɣ peeɖe.
Ndʊ tɩwɛɛ yɔ lɛ, Big Bang lɛ pakpaɣ hɩɖɛ nɖɩ nɛ pɛkpɛndɩ kpɛm kɛ ñɩnɩɣ kpeekpe mbʊ pɩyɔɔdɩɣ kedeŋa kpeekpe yɔɔ wondu nɛ ɛyaa wɛtʊ yɔ. Nɛ pɛkɛtɩɣ kedeŋa ñɔʊ ɛzɩ pɩkɛna mbʊ pɩɩwɛ kʊŋgʊlʊm nɛ pʊcɔ nɛ pɩyaɣ kpa nɛ pɩmɩzɩʊ kpɛdɛŋŋŋ yɔ. Pɩlabʊ mbʊ yɔ pɩɖɛ ɛzɩ pɩnzɩ miliyaaɖɩnaa 13,8 yɔ.
Payaɣ se Big Bang kpem nɛ pɩtalɩna sɔnɔ yɔn pɩlɩna Ruusii ñɩnɩyʊ weyi payaɣ-ɩ se Alexandre Friedmann yɔɔ. Hɩɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩlɩ ɛyʊ ɛnɛ ɛ-nɔɔtaa ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1922, pɩnzɩ kagbanzɩ wayɩ fayɩɩɩ pʊcɔ nɛ Georges Lemaître yɔɔdɩɣ-tʊ. Papaɣzɩ-tʊ ñɔɔdɩɣ sɩŋŋŋ kɛ pɩnaɣ 1965. Albert Einstein kɛ pɩɩwɛ se ɛtasɩ nesiñɩɣʊ pʊ yɔɔ ɛlɛ ɛɛwɛ kpɛm se keteŋa wɛʊ mbʊ yɔ, kaɣlɛɣzɩɣʊ yem.


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Kɩhɛyʋʋ pʋ-ñʋʋ taa kɩlaʋ kɛ “kʋjɔʋ kɩbaŋʋ” ŋgʋ kɩlɩnɩ Caa cɔlɔ yɔ
“Paa pʋyʋ kɩbanʋ weyi, paa kʋjɔʋ kɩbaŋʋ ŋgʋ lɛ, pɩtɩŋa pɩlɩɣnɩ . . . Caa cɔlɔ.”—YAK. 1:17.
HENDU: 148, 5
1. Wazasɩ nzɩ kɩhɛyʋʋ pʋ-ñʋʋ taa kɩlaʋ kɔŋna?
YESU kɩlaʋ kɔŋnɩ wazasɩ nzɩ yɔ, sɩɖɔwa pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ. Pɩtɩŋnɩ kɩ-yɔɔ lɛ, Aɖam sayɩnaa mba pɔsɔɔlɩ siɣsiɣ wɛtʋ yɔ, pa-tɩŋa payɩ pakaɣ sʋʋ Ɛsɔ hɔʋ taa. Pɩtasɩ lɛ, kɩhaɣ-wɛ waɖɛ ɖɔɖɔ se pehiɣ wezuu maatɛŋ. Ɛlɛ pɩtɩkɛ cee wayɩ wazasɩ ɖeke kɩhɛyʋʋ pʋ-ñʋʋ taa kɩlaʋ kɔŋna. Ɛzɩma Yesu kaañɔnɩ Yehowa “tɔm kiɖeɖetu” yaa ɛ-paɣtʋ siɣsiɣ ñɩndʋ nɛ pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩ ɛ-sɩm wiye yɔ, pitukuuni ɖɔɖɔ tɔm kɩcɛyɩtʋ natʋyʋ.—Ebr. 1:9.
2. (a) Tɔm kɩcɛyɩtʋ ndʋ wɛ adɩma wena Yesu wɩlɩ ɛ-wayɩ tɩŋɩyaa yɔ a-taa? (Cɔnɩ kiɖe tɛɛ kɩlɛmʋʋ.) (b) Ɛbɛ ɖɩkaɣ naʋ ñʋʋ kʋnɛ kɩ-taa?
2 Pɩnzɩ naalɛ pʋcɔ nɛ Yesu sɩkɩ lɛ, ɛwɩlɩ ɛ-wayɩ tɩŋɩyaa se patɩmɩ se: “Ða-Caa ña weyi ŋwɛ ɛsɔdaa yɔ, ña-hɩɖɛ ɛsɛɛ, ñe-kewiyaɣ ɛkɔɔ, ñɔ-sɔɔlɩm ɛla tataa ɛzɩ ɛsɔdaa yɔ.” (Mat. 6:9, 10) Pɩsa nɛ ɖɩwɛɛnɩ ɛsɩmɩyɛ kɩhɛyʋʋ pʋ-ñʋʋ taa kɩlaʋ yɔɔ nɛ pɩkɩlɩ lɛ, iyele nɛ ɖɩna nɔɔ kʋɖʋmaɣ ŋga kɛwɛ kɩlaʋ ŋgʋ nɛ Ɛsɔ hɩɖɛ yɔɔ ñalʋʋ, e-Kewiyaɣ kɔmtʋ nɛ ɛ-sɔɔlɩm labʋ pɛ-hɛkʋ taa yɔ.
“ÑA-HƖÐƐ ƐSƐƐ”
3. (a) Ɛbɛ Yehowa hɩɖɛ wɩlɩɣ? (b) Nɛ ɛzɩma tɩyɛ Sataŋ pisi Yehowa hɩɖɛ kiɖeɖee?
3 Yesu adɩma taa, ɛwɩlaa se kajalaɣ lɛ, pɩwɛɛ se ɛ-wayɩ tɩŋɩyaa ɩtɩmɩ se Ɛsɔ hɩɖɛ ɛsɛɛ. Yehowa hɩɖɛ wɩlɩɣ se e-ɖeke ɛkɛnɩ ɖoŋ tɩŋa tʋ, ɛmʋnaa se ɖɩɖʋ-ɩ hɩɖɛ siŋŋ nɛ ɛkɛ Ɛsɔ weyi ɛwɛ kele kele yɔ. Bibl tasɩ yɔɔdʋʋ se Yehowa kɛ kiɖeɖeu. (1 Pɩy. 1:16) Yehowa wɛ kele kele nɛ pʋyɔɔ lɛ, paɣtʋ nɛ paɣtʋ kila wena ɛɖʋʋ yɔ, awɛ ɖɔɖɔ kele kele. Paa mbʋ yɔ, Sataŋ cɛtɩ Edɛɛnɩ kaɖaɣ taa se Yehowa fɛyɩnɩ waɖɛ se ɛɖʋ ɛyaa paɣtʋ nɛ paa ɛɖʋʋ-wɛ paɣtʋ yɔ, tɩfɛyɩ siɣsiɣ. Ɛzɩma ɛcɛtɩnɩ Yehowa taa yɔ, pɩwɩlɩɣ se episi ɛ-hɩɖɛ kiɖeɖee.—Kiɖe 3:1-5.
4. Ɛzɩma tɩyɛ Yesu yeba se Ɛsɔ hɩɖɛ ɛsɛɛ?
4 Ɛlɛ Yesu ñaasɔɔlɩ Yehowa hɩɖɛ siŋŋ. (Yoh. 17:25, 26) Ɛɛñaɣ pana se Yehowa hɩɖɛ ɛsɛɛ. (Kalɩ Keɣa 39:9-11.) Alɩwaatʋ ndʋ Yesu kaawɛ tɛtʋ yɔɔ yɔ, ɛcaɣ wezuu kɩbaŋʋ nɛ ɛwɩlɩ se Yehowa wɛnɩ waɖɛ se ɛɖʋ ɛyaa paɣtʋ nɛ ɛ-paɣtʋ wɛ siɣsiɣ. Halɩ alɩwaatʋ ndʋ Sataŋ yeba se pakʋ Yesu yɔ, Yesu ɖɔkɩ e-siɣsiɣ wɛtʋ kpam Yehowa ɛzɩdaa. Ɛzɩma ɛɖɔkɩ e-siɣsiɣ wɛtʋ yɔ, pɩwɩlɩɣ se ɛyʋ weyi ɛtalɩ pilim yɔ, ɛpɩzɩɣ nɛ ɛñɔɔnɩ Ɛsɔ paɣtʋ kpam paa ɛwɛ nazɩm taa yɔ.
5. Ɛbɛ ɖɩpɩzɩɣ ɖɩla nɛ Ɛsɔ hɩɖɛ sɛɛ?
5 Ɛzɩma ɖɩpɩzɩɣ nɛ ɖɩwɩlɩ se ɖɩsɔɔlɩ Yehowa hɩɖɛ? Ðɩpɩzɩɣ nɛ ɖɩtɩŋnɩ ɖe-wezuu caɣʋ yɔɔ nɛ ɖɩla mbʋ. Yehowa pɔzʋʋ-ɖʋ se ɖɩkɛ kiɖeɖema yaa ɖɩwɛɛ kele kele. (Kalɩ 1 Pɩyɛɛrɩ 1:15, 16.) Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ lɛ se pɩwɛɛ se ɖɩsɛɛ Yehowa ɖeke nɛ ɖɩñamɩ-ɩ nɛ ɖa-laŋɩyɛ pilim. Paa panazɩɣ-ɖʋ yɔ, ɖɩñakɩ pana nɛ ɖɩɖɔ Yehowa paɣtʋ nɛ ɛ-paɣtʋ kila yɔɔ. Ye ɖɩwɛnɩ lakasɩ kɩbanzɩ yɔ, ɖa-mintʋsʋʋ ñandɩɣ nɛ pɩkaɣ yebu nɛ Yehowa hɩɖɛ sɛɛ. (Mat. 5:14-16) Ye ɖɩwɛ kele kele yɔ, ɖɩtɩŋɩɣnɩ ɖe-wezuu caɣʋ yɔɔ nɛ ɖɩwɩlɩ se Yehowa paɣtʋ wɛ ɖeu nɛ tɔm ndʋ Sataŋ yɔɔdaa yɔ, tɩkɛ cɛtɩm. Ða-tɩŋa ɖɩkɛ kɩwɛɛkɩm laɖaa, nɛ pʋyɔɔ lɛ ye ɖɩlabɩ kɩwɛɛkɩm yɔ, pɩwɛɛ se ɖikpiɖi nɛ ɖa-laŋɩyɛ pilim nɛ ɖiyele labʋ lakasɩ nzɩ sɩɩɖʋʋ Yehowa hɩɖɛ yɔ.—Keɣa 78:9.
6. Paa ɖɩtɩtalɩ pilim yɔ, ɛbɛ yɔɔ Yehowa kpakɩɣ-ɖʋ ɛzɩ ɛyaa siɣsiɣ tɩnaa yɔ?
6 Yehowa tɩŋɩɣnɩ Yesu kɩlaʋ yɔɔ nɛ ekpeɣu mba pɛwɛnɩ tisuu ɛ-yɔɔ yɔ pa-kɩwɛɛkɩm. Mba pakpakɩɣ pa-tɩ nɛ pahaɣ-ɩ yɔ, ɛhaɣ-wɛ waɖɛ se pɛwɛɛ ɛ-sɛyaa hɛkʋ taa. Yehowa kpakɩɣ patam numwaa mba pɛwɛ siɣsiɣ yɔ ɛzɩ e-piya yɔ, nɛ ɛkpakɩɣ ɖɔɖɔ “heŋ lɛɛŋ” taa ñɩma mba pɛwɛ siɣsiɣ yɔ ɛzɩ ɛ-taabalaa yɔ. (Yoh. 10:16, ABT; Roma 5:1, 2; Yak. 2:21-25) Ye mbʋ, sɔnɔ sɔnɔ, kɩhɛyʋʋ pʋ-ñʋʋ taa kɩlaʋ haɣ-ɖʋ waɖɛ se taabalɩyɛ kɩbanɖɛ ɛwɛɛ ɖa nɛ Yehowa ɖɛ-hɛkʋ taa nɛ ɖiyele nɛ ɛ-hɩɖɛ sɛɛ.
“ÑE-KEWIYAƔ ƐKƆƆ”
7. Wazasɩ nzɩ kɩhɛyʋʋ pʋ-ñʋʋ taa kɩlaʋ kɔŋnɩ ɛyaa yɔɔ?
7 Yesu adɩma taa, ɛwɩlaa se nabʋlɛ ɖeɖe lɛ, pɩwɛɛ se ɖɩtɩmɩ se: “Ñe-kewiyaɣ ɛkɔɔ.” Nɔɔ kʋɖʋmaɣ ŋga wɛ kɩhɛyʋʋ pʋ-ñʋʋ taa kɩlaʋ nɛ Ɛsɔ Kewiyaɣ pɛ-hɛkʋ taa? Kɩhɛyʋʋ pʋ-ñʋʋ taa kɩlaʋ haɣ ɛyaa 144 000 waɖɛ se pɛkɛ awiya nɛ cɔjɔnaa nɛ pa nɛ Yesu pɔtɔɔ kewiyitu ɛsɔdaa. (Natʋ 5:9, 10; 14:1) Pa nɛ Yesu pakaɣ tɔɔʋ kewiyitu pɩnzɩ kudoku Ɛsɔ Kewiyaɣ taa nɛ pɔkɔnɩ wazasɩ ɛyaa siɣsiɣ tɩnaa yɔɔ. Tɛtʋ kpeekpe kaɣ pɩsʋʋ paradisuu nɛ ɛyaa siɣsiɣ tɩnaa tɩŋa kaɣ talʋʋ pilim. Pʋbʋ taa lɛ, Yehowa hɔʋ taa ñɩma mba pɛwɛ ɛsɔdaa nɛ mba pɛwɛ tɛtʋ yɔɔ yɔ, pakaɣ wɛʋ nɔɔ kʋɖʋmaɣ taa. (Natʋ 5:13; 20:6) Yesu kaɣ yɔkʋʋ Sataŋ ñʋʋ nɛ ɛhɩzɩ kɩwɛɛkɩm mbʋ Sataŋ kaañamtʋ kɔnaa yɔ.—Kiɖe 3:15.
8. (a) Ɛzɩma Yesu sɩnɩ ɛ-tɔmkpɛlɩkɩyaa nɛ pana mbʋ pʋyɔɔ pɩcɛyaa se Ɛsɔ Kewiyaɣ ɛkɔɔ yɔ? (b) Sɔnɔ, ɛzɩma ɖɩwɩlɩɣ se ɖɩɖʋʋ Kewiyaɣ nesi?
8 Alɩwaatʋ ndʋ Yesu kaawɛ tɛtʋ yɔɔ yɔ, ɛsɩnɩ ɛ-tɔmkpɛlɩkɩyaa nɛ pana mbʋ pʋyɔɔ pɩcɛyaa se Ɛsɔ Kewiyaɣ ɛkɔɔ yɔ. Pamɩyɩsɩ-ɩ lɩm kpaagbaa nɛ pɩtɛ lɛ, ɛpaɣzɩ “Ɛsɔ Kewiyaɣ laŋhɛzɩyɛ tɔm” susuu paa le. (Luka 4:43) Pʋcɔ nɛ ɛkpaɣ ɛsɔdaa lɛ, ɛɖʋ ɛ-tɔmkpɛlɩkɩyaa paɣtʋ se pɛkɛ ɛ-aseɣɖe tɩnaa nɛ “puwolo pɩtalɩ tɛtʋ kamaɣ yɔɔ.” (Tʋma 1:6-8) Kewiyaɣ tɔm susuu haɣ ɛyaa tɩŋa waɖɛ se pɛkpɛlɩkɩ tɔm kɩhɛyʋʋ pʋ-ñʋʋ taa kɩlaʋ yɔɔ nɛ papɩsɩ Ɛsɔ Kewiyaɣ lɩmɖʋyaa. Sɔnɔ, ye ɖɩsɩɣnɩ patam numwaa laŋhɛzɩyɛ tɔm susuu ɛjaɖɛ kpeekpe yɔɔ yɔ, ɖɩnɛ ɛlɛ ɖɩwɩlɩɣ se ɖɩɖʋʋ Kewiyaɣ nesi.—Mat. 24:14; 25:40.
“ÑƆ-SƆƆLƖM ƐLA”
9. Ɛbɛ yɔɔ ɖɩɩpɩtɩɣ se tamaɣ ŋga Yehowa wɛnɩ ɛyaa yɔɔ yɔ, kakaɣ labʋ?
9 Suwe Yesu ñɩnaɣ yɔɔdʋʋ alɩwaatʋ ndʋ ɛtɔm se: “Ñɔ-sɔɔlɩm ɛla” yɔ? Yehowa kɛnɩ wondu kpeekpe lɩzɩyʋ. Nɛ ye ɛyɔɔdaa se nabʋyʋ lakɩ yɔ, pɩlakɩ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ ɛyɔɔdʋʋ yɔ. (Iza. 55:11) Ɛɛhaɣ nʋmɔʋ se Sataŋ kaañamtʋ ɛwɛɛkɩ tamaɣ ŋga ɛwɛnɩ ɛyaa yɔɔ yɔ. Ðooo kiɖe tɛɛ lɛ, Yehowa tamaɣ kaakɛnaa se Aɖam nɛ Ɛva palʋlɩ piya nzɩ sɩtalɩ pilim yɔ nɛ sisu tɛtʋ yɔɔ. (Kiɖe 1:28) Ye Aɖam nɛ Ɛva pataalʋlɩ piya pʋcɔ nɛ pasɩ yɔ, Ɛsɔ tamaɣ ŋga kataala. Pʋyɔɔ paa Aɖam nɛ Ɛva palabɩ kɩwɛɛkɩm yɔ, Yehowa ha-wɛ waɖɛ se palʋlɩ piya. Ɛtɩŋɩɣnɩ kɩhɛyʋʋ pʋ-ñʋʋ taa kɩlaʋ yɔɔ nɛ ɛha mba pɛwɛnɩ tisuu yɔ waɖɛ se patalɩ pilim nɛ pacaɣ wezuu tamtam. Yehowa sɔɔlɩ ɛyaa nɛ ɛñɩnɩɣ se ɛyaa mba pañaŋɩ-ɩ yɔ, pacaɣ wezuu maatɛŋ ɛzɩ ɛɛɖʋʋ kiɖe tɛɛ yɔ.
10. Ɛzɩma tɩyɛ kɩhɛyʋʋ pʋ-ñʋʋ taa kɩlaʋ wazɩɣ sɩɖaa?
10 Ɛyaa miiliyaarɩwaa sakɩyɛ mba pasɩba, nɛ pataawɛnɩ waɖɛ se pɛkpɛlɩkɩ nɛ patɩlɩ Yehowa nɛ pɛsɛɛ-ɩ yɔ, ɛbɛ pɩtɛŋnɩ-wɛ? Kɩhɛyʋʋ pʋ-ñʋʋ taa kɩlaʋ kaɣ yebu se pefezi sɩɖaa. Yehowa kaɣ-wɛ fezuu nɛ ɛha-wɛ waɖɛ se pɛkpɛlɩkɩ nɛ patɩlɩ ɛ-tamaɣ nɛ pehiɣ wezuu maatɛŋ. (Tʋma 24:15) Yehowa tɩsɔɔlɩ se ɛyaa ɩsɩ, ɛlɛ ɛñɩnɩɣ se pɛwɛɛ wezuu. Ɛ-cɔlɔ wezuu hiɖe wɛɛ, ye mbʋ ɛkaɣ pɩsʋʋ mba payɩ efezi-wɛ yɔ pa-Caa. (Keɣa 35:10) Pʋyɔɔ pɩmʋnaa se Yesu eheyi-ɖʋ se ɖɩtɩmɩ se: “Ða-Caa ña weyi ŋwɛ ɛsɔdaa yɔ.” (Mat. 6:9) Yehowa ha Yesu waɖɛ se efezi sɩɖaa. (Yoh. 6:40, 44) Yesu ‘kɛnɩ wezuu nɛ femtu,’ nɛ ɛkaɣ labɩnʋʋ waɖɛ nɖɩ tʋmɩyɛ paradisuu taa.—Yoh. 11:25.
11. Waɖɛ nɖɩ Ɛsɔ haɣ “samaɣ sɔsɔɔ” taa mba?
11 Pɩtɩkɛ ɛyaa nabɛyɛ pazɩ yem Yehowa ñɩnɩɣ se pɛkɛ ɛ-hɔʋ taa mba. Yesu yɔɔdaa se: “Weyi ɛlakɩ man-Caa Ɛsɔ sɔɔlɩm yɔɔ yɔ, ɛnʋ kɛnɩ mon-koobu [nɛ] mon-ɖoo.” (Mark. 3:35) Yehowa sɔɔlɩm lɛ se “samaɣ sɔsɔɔ” ŋga paapɩzɩɣ nɛ pakalɩ yɔ, kapɩsɩ ɛ-sɛyaa. Samaɣ ŋga kalɩnɩ ajɛɛ kpeekpe, cejewe nɛ yɔɔdasɩ kpeekpe taa. Ketisiɣ Krɩstʋ kɩhɛyʋʋ pʋ-ñʋʋ taa kɩlaʋ yɔɔ nɛ kalakɩ Ɛsɔ sɔɔlɩm. Kasaŋ Ɛsɔ nɛ kamakɩ kubusi se: “Ðɛ-Ɛsɔ tɩna ñʋʋ yabɩtʋ, ɛnʋ caɣnɩ Kewiyaɣ kpelaɣ yɔɔ, nɛ heɣa.”—Natʋ 7:9, 10.
12. Ɛzɩma tɩyɛ Yesu adɩma wɩlɩɣ tamaɣ ŋga Yehowa wɛnɩ ɛyaa yɔɔ yɔ?
12 Adɩma wena Yesu kpɛlɩkɩ ɛ-wayɩ tɩŋɩyaa yɔ a-taa, ɖɩnaɣ tamaɣ ŋga Yehowa wɛnɩ ɛyaa mba pañaŋɩ-ɩ yɔ pɔ-yɔɔ yɔ. Yesu adɩma ana, awɩlɩɣ se pɩwɛɛ se ɖɩla ɖo-ɖoŋ ɖeɖe nɛ ɖɩsɛɛ Yehowa, yaa ɖiyele nɛ ɛ-hɩɖɛ wɛɛ kele kele. (Iza. 8:13) Yesu hɩɖɛ tɔbʋʋ lɛ se Yehowa “yakɩ ñʋʋ.” Nɛ ɛzɩma kɩhɛyʋʋ pʋ-ñʋʋ taa kɩlaʋ yeki se ɖihiɣ ñʋʋ yabʋ yɔ, piyeki ɖɔɖɔ se Yehowa hɩɖɛ ɛsɛɛ. Ɛsɔ kaɣ tɩŋnʋʋ e-Kewiyaɣ yɔɔ nɛ eyele nɛ kɩhɛyʋʋ pʋ-ñʋʋ taa kɩlaʋ wazɩ ɛyaa mba pañaŋɩ-ɩ yɔ. Toovenim taa lɛ, Yesu adɩma ana awɩlɩɣ se paa piitiba nɛ pɩkpa yɔ, Yehowa tamaɣ kaɣ labʋ.—Keɣa 134:6; Iza. 46:9, 10.
ÐƖWƐƐNƖ ƐSƖMƖYƐ KƖHƐYƲƲ PƲ-ÑƲƲ TAA KƖLAƲ YƆƆ
13. Alɩwaatʋ ndʋ ɖɩhaɣ ɖa-tɩ nɛ pamɩyɩsɩ-ɖʋ lɩm yɔ, ɛbɛ pɩwɩlɩɣ?
13 Nʋmɔʋ sɔsɔʋ ŋgʋ kɩ-yɔɔ ɖɩpɩzɩɣ ɖɩtɩŋna nɛ ɖɩwɩlɩ ɖɛ-ɛsɩmɩyɛ Yesu kɩlaʋ yɔɔ yɔ, ŋgʋ yɔ se ɖɩha Yehowa ɖa-tɩ nɛ ɖiyele nɛ pamɩyɩsɩ-ɖʋ lɩm. Ye ɖɩha ɖa-tɩ nɛ pamɩyɩsɩ-ɖʋ lɩm yɔ, pɩwɩlɩɣ se “ɖɩkɛ [Yehowa] pʋyʋ.” (Roma 14:8) Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ lɛ se ɖɩpɔzʋʋ Ɛsɔ se ɛha-ɖʋ laŋɩyɛ yaa ɛhʋyɛ kɩbanɖɛ. (1 Pɩy. 3:21) Yehowa cosuu adɩma ana a-yɔɔ nɛ ɛtɩŋɩɣnɩ Yesu kɩlaʋ yɔɔ nɛ eyeki se ɖɩpɩsɩ ɛ-taabalaa. Ðɩwɛnɩ lidaʋ se ‘ɛkaɣ-ɖʋ haʋ’ mbʋ payɩ ɛyɔɔdɩ pɩ-tɔm yɔ.—Roma 8:32, ABT.
14. Ɛbɛ yɔɔ Yehowa pɔzʋʋ-ɖʋ se ɖɩsɔɔlɩ ɛyaa lalaa?
14 Ɛzɩma ɖɔɖɔ ɖɩpɩzɩɣ nɛ ɖɩwɩlɩ se ɖɩwɛnɩ ɛsɩmɩyɛ kɩhɛyʋʋ pʋ-ñʋʋ taa kɩlaʋ yɔɔ? Lakasɩ nzɩ payɩ Yehowa lakɩ yɔ, sɔɔlɩm tuzuuni-i nɛ ɛlakɩ-sɩ; pʋyɔɔ lɛ, ɛñɩnɩɣ se ɛ-sɛyaa tɩŋa ɩwɛɛnɩ wɛtʋ kɩbandʋ ndʋ. (1 Yoh. 4:8-11) Ye ɖɩsɔɔlɩ ɖo-koobu yɔ, ɖɩwɩlɩɣ se ɖɩsɔɔlaa se ‘ɖɩkɛ ɖa-Caa weyi ɛwɛ ɛsɔdaa yɔ e-piya.’ (Mat. 5:43-48) Paɣtʋ sɔsɔtʋ kajalaɣ ñɩndʋ lɛ se ɖɩsɔɔlɩ Yehowa, nɛ naalɛ ñɩndʋ lɛ se ɖɩsɔɔlɩ ɖo-koobu. (Mat. 22:37-40) Nʋmɔʋ kɩbaŋʋ ŋgʋ kɩ-yɔɔ ɖɩpɩzɩɣ ɖɩtɩŋna nɛ ɖɩwɩlɩ se ɖɩsɔɔlɩ ɖo-koobu yɔ lɛ se ɖisusi Ɛsɔ kewiyaɣ tɔm kɩbandʋ. Ye ɖɩsɔɔlɩ ɛyaa lalaa yɔ, ɖɩwɩlɩɣ se ɖɩmaɣzɩɣnɩ Yehowa. Toovenim taa lɛ, alɩwaatʋ ndʋ ɖɩñaŋ paɣtʋ ndʋ tɩtɔŋ se ɖɩsɔɔlɩ ɛyaa lalaa, kɔzɩ kɔzɩ ɖo-koobiya yɔ, pɩwɩlɩɣ se Ɛsɔ ‘sɔɔlɩm wɛ ɖa-taa siŋŋ.’—1 Yoh. 4:12, 20.
KƖHƐYƲƲ PƲ-ÑƲƲ TAA KƖLAƲ KƆŊNƖ-ÐƲ “LAŊHƐZƖYƐ ALƖWAATƲ”
15. (a) Wazasɩ nzɩ Yehowa haɣ-ɖʋ lɛɛlɛɛyɔ? (b) Wazasɩ nzɩ ɖaŋ-ɖʋ cee wayɩ?
15 Ye ɖɩwɛnɩ tisuu kɩhɛyʋʋ pʋ-ñʋʋ taa kɩlaʋ yɔɔ yɔ, piyeki nɛ pekpeɣ-ɖʋ ɖa-kɩwɛɛkɩm tɩŋa. Bibl ha-ɖʋ lidaʋ se Ɛsɔ pɩzɩɣ nɛ ‘ekpizi ɖa-taa kɩwɛɛkɩm.’ (Kalɩ Tʋma Labʋ 3:19-21.) Ɛzɩ ɖɩnaʋ nɛ pɩɖɛɛ yɔ, Yehowa tɩŋnɩ kɩhɛyʋʋ pʋ-ñʋʋ taa kɩlaʋ yɔɔ nɛ eyele nɛ patam numwaa pɩsɩ e-piya. (Roma 8:15-17) Ɛha “heŋ lɛɛŋ” waɖɛ se ɩkɛ ɛ-hɔʋ taa ñɩma mba pacakɩ tɛtʋ yɔɔ yɔ. Alɩwaatʋ ndʋ patalɩɣ pilim yɔ, Sataŋ kaɣ-wɛ takʋʋ kɛdɛzaɣ ɖeɖe. Pa-taa mba pɔɖɔkʋʋ pe-siɣsiɣ wɛtʋ yɔ, Yehowa haɣ-wɛ waɖɛ se papɩsɩ e-piya. (Roma 8:20, 21; Natʋ 20:7-9) Yehowa kaɣ sɔɔlʋʋ e-piya tam. Nɛ kɩhɛyʋʋ pʋ-ñʋʋ taa kɩlaʋ kɔŋnɩ wazasɩ nzɩ yɔ, sɩkaɣ wɛʋ ɖɔɖɔ tam. (Ebr. 9:12) Yehowa labɩ-ɖʋ kʋjɔʋ ŋgʋ kɩwɛ ñɩm siŋŋ yɔ, nɛ wiɖiyi nɔɔyʋ ɛɛkaɣ-kʋ lɛɣʋ ɖe-nesi tɛɛ kpa.
16. Ɛzɩma tɩyɛ kɩhɛyʋʋ pʋ-ñʋʋ taa kɩlaʋ wazɩɣ-ɖʋ?
16 Sataŋ ɛɛpɩzɩɣ nɛ ɛɖɩɣ nʋmɔʋ mba pekpiɖi siŋŋ yɔ se pataapɩzɩ nɛ pɔkɔɔ pasʋʋ Yehowa hɔʋ taa. Yesu kɔm tɛtʋ yɔɔ nɛ ɛsɩ “tam kʋyʋmam” ɖɔ-yɔɔ. Ye mbʋ, kɩhɛyʋʋ pʋ-ñʋʋ taa kɩlaʋ wazɩɣ-ɖʋ tam. (Ebr. 9:24-26) Kɩhɩzɩɣ mbʋ payɩ Aɖam kɩwɛɛkɩm kɔnɩ ɖɔ-yɔɔ yɔ. Ða-taa wɛ leleŋ se Yesu Krɩstʋ kɩlaʋ holuu-ɖʋ Sataŋ ɛjaɖɛ yomiye taa, nɛ ɖɩɩtasɩɣ seu sɩm sɔɔndʋ.—Ebr. 2:14, 15.
17. Ɛbɛ Yehowa sɔɔlɩm seɣtiɣ-ŋ se ŋla?
17 Ðɩpɩzɩɣ nɛ ɖɩtaa Yehowa lidaʋ tɔm liu. Yehowa paɣtʋ ndʋ tiɖiyiɣ wondu kɩlɩzɩtʋ yɔ, tɩɩlɛɣzɩɣ wiɖiyi kpa, nɛ mbʋ ɖɔɖɔ ɛ-maɣmaɣ nɛ e-lidaʋ tɔm paalɛɣzɩɣ. (Mal. 3:6) Pɩtɩkɛ wezuu ɖeke Yehowa ha-ɖʋ. Ɛwɩlɩ-ɖʋ ɖɔɖɔ ɛ-sɔɔlɩm. Bibl yɔɔdʋʋ se: “Ðiɖiɣzini sɔɔlɩm mbʋ Ɛsɔ sɔɔlɩnɩ-ɖʋ yɔ, nɛ ɖitisi pɩ-yɔɔ. Ɛsɔ kɛ sɔɔlɩm.” (1 Yoh. 4:16) Tɛtʋ kpeekpe kaɣ pɩsʋʋ paradisuu, nɛ ɛyaa kpeekpe kaɣ maɣzɩnʋʋ Yehowa nɛ pɔsɔɔlɩ ɖama. Tɛtɛ pɩla mbʋ nɛ alɩwaatʋ ndʋ tɩ-taa, ɖɩkpɛndɩ Ɛsɔ tiyiyaa yɔɔ nɛ ɖɩyɔɔdɩ se: “Samtʋ, hɩɖɛ sɛʋ, lɔŋ nɛ sɛtʋ, hɩɖɛ ɖʋʋ nɛ abalɩtʋ nɛ ɖoŋ, ɖɛ-Ɛsɔ tɩna, pɩnzɩ nɛ pɩnzɩ. Amɛn!”—Natʋ 7:12.


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Kɛdaɣ 109: Pɩyɛɛrɩ Wobi Kɔɔrnɛɛyɩ Tɛ
Apostoloo Pɩyɛɛrɩ sɩŋnɩ peeɖe yɔ. Nɛ ɛ-taabalaa nabɛyɛ wɛnɩ ɛ-wayɩ mbʋ yɔ. Ɛlɛ, ɛbɛ yɔɔ abalʋ ɛnʋ yɔ eluŋ Pɩyɛɛrɩ tɛɛ? Pɩɩpɔzaa se ɛla mbʋ yaa we? Ŋsɩm abalʋ ɛnʋ?
Payaɣ abalʋ ɛnʋ se Kɔɔrnɛɛyɩ. Ɛkɛ Room sɔɔjanaa taa sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ. Kɔɔrnɛɛyɩ taatɩlɩ Pɩyɛɛrɩ, ɛlɛ paa mbʋ peheyi-i se ɛyaa-ɩ nɛ ɛkɔɔ ɛ-ɖɩɣa taa. Yele ɖɩna mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ.
Yesu wayɩ tɩŋɩyaa kajalaɣ ñɩma kaakɛ Yuda mba. Ŋgʋ Kɔɔrnɛɛyɩ ñataakɛ Yuda tʋ. Ɛlɛ ɛɛsɔɔlɩ Ɛsɔ nɛ ɛtɩmɩɣnɩ-ɩ ɖoŋ ɖoŋ nɛ ɛlakɩ samaɣ kʋjɔŋ sakɩyɛ. Kɩyakʋ nakʋyʋ, Ɛsɔ tiyiyu nɔɔyʋ lɩɩ ɛ-yɔɔ wɩsɩ wɛlʋʋ nɛ eheyi-i se: ‘Ñɔ-tɔm kɛdɩnɩ Ɛsɔ nɛ ɛkaɣ cosuu ña-adɩma yɔɔ. Tiyi ɛyaa nabɛyɛ Yopee nɛ payaa abalʋ weyi payaɣ se Pɩyɛɛrɩ yɔ. Ɛwɛ Siimɔɔ ɖɩɣa taa teŋgu cɔlɔ.’
Kɔɔrnɛɛyɩ caŋ ɛkʋsɩ ɛ-ɛyaa nabɛyɛ nɛ etiyi-wɛ se pɛɖɛɛ pañɩnɩ Pɩyɛɛrɩ. Tɛʋ kifemuu, ɛyaa mba pɔkɔm pɔñɔtɩnɩ Yopee lɛ, Pɩyɛɛrɩ kaawɛ Siimɔɔ ɖɩɣa ñʋʋ taa. Peeɖe Ɛsɔ laba nɛ Pɩyɛɛrɩ na pɩsaʋ sɔsɔʋ nakʋyʋ, kɩlɩnɩ ɛsɔdaa nɛ kitii tataa. Nɛ kɩ-taa nɛ kpɩna ndɩ ndɩ. Nɛ Ɛsɔ paɣtʋ taa lɛ, kpɩna ana pɩtaamʋna se pɔtɔɔ-yɛ mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ afɛyɩ kele kele. Peeɖe nɔɔ nakɛyɛ tɔm se: ‘Pɩyɛɛrɩ! Kʋyɩ nɛ ŋkʋ nɛ ŋtɔɔ.’
Ɛlɛ Pɩyɛɛrɩ cosi se: ‘Pɩlɩ! Wiɖiyi mantɩtɔɔ kʋzɔɔtʋ pʋyʋ.’ Peeɖe nɔɔ ŋga keheyi Pɩyɛɛrɩ se: ‘Taayaɣ mbʋ Ɛsɔ tɔm se pɩwɛ kele kele yɔ se kʋzɔɔtʋ pʋyʋ.’ Pɩla mbʋ tam nabudozo. Alɩwaatʋ ndʋ Pɩyɛɛrɩ kaawɛɛ ɛmaɣzɩɣ se ɛnɩɩ mbʋ pɩlaba yɔ pʋ-tɔbʋʋ lɛ, ɛyaa mba Kɔɔrnɛɛyɩ kaatiyaa yɔ, patalɩ ɖɩɣa taa nɛ pɔpɔzɩ Pɩyɛɛrɩ yɔɔ.
Pɩyɛɛrɩ tii ɛyaa mba pɔ-cɔlɔ nɛ eheyi-wɛ se: ‘Ma lɛ weyi ɩñɩnɩɣ yɔ. Ndʋ kɔnɩ-mɩ?’ Ɛyaa mba pɛkɛdɩ se Ɛsɔ tiyiyu nɔɔyʋ heyi Kɔɔrnɛɛyɩ se etiyi nɛ payaa Pɩyɛɛrɩ. Pɩyɛɛrɩ tisi nɛ ɛtɩŋ-wɛ. Tɛʋ fema lɛ, Pɩyɛɛrɩ nɛ ɛ-taabalaa nabɛyɛ pakʋyɩ nɛ pɛɖɛɛ Sezaaree, Kɔɔrnɛɛyɩ tɛ.
Alɩwaatʋ ndʋ lɛ, Kɔɔrnɛɛyɩ kaakpeɣli ɛ-ñɩma nɛ ɛ-taabalaa nɛ pacaɣ paɖaŋ-wɛ. Pɩyɛɛrɩ talaa nɛ ɛsʋʋ lɛ, Kɔɔrnɛɛyɩ kʋyɩ nɛ ɛkatɩ-ɩ nɛ eluŋ ɛ-tɛɛ ɛzɩ ŋnaɣ kɩlɛmʋʋ yɔɔ yɔ. Ɛlɛ Pɩyɛɛrɩ heyi-i se: ‘Kʋyɩ, ma ɖɔɖɔ mɛnkɛ ɛyʋ na.’ Toovenim Bibl wɩlɩɣ se pɩfɛyɩ ɖeu se ɖiluŋ nɛ ɖɩsɛɛ ɛyʋ lɛlʋ ɛzɩ pɛsɛɣ Ɛsɔ yɔ. Yehowa yeke pɩwɛɛ se ɖɩsɛɛ mbʋ.
Pʋwayɩ lɛ, Pɩyɛɛrɩ susi tɔm mba pekpeɣli peeɖe yɔ nɛ ɛtɔ se: ‘Manaɣ se Ɛsɔ mʋʋ ɛyaa mba payɩ pɔsɔɔlaa se pɛsɛɛ-ɩ yɔ.’ Ɛwɛɛ ɛyɔɔdʋʋ mbʋ lɛ, Ɛsɔ tiyini e-fezuu kiɖeɖeu nɛ ɛyaa mba papaɣzɩ yɔɔdʋʋ kʋnʋmɩŋ lɛɛŋ. Pɩɖɩɣzɩ Yesu tɔmkpɛlɩkɩyaa Yuda ñɩma, mba pa nɛ Pɩyɛɛrɩ paakɔma yɔ. Mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ, paamaɣzaɣ se Yuda mba yeke tɔm kaakɛdɩnɩnɩ Ɛsɔ. Peɖiɣzini se ye mbʋ, Ɛsɔ ɛɛkɛyɩɣ ɛyaa nabɛyɛ se pakɩlɩ weewee lɛlaa. Ɛsɔ tɩsɔɔlɩ nabɛyɛ nɛ pɩkɩlɩ lɛlaa po-tomnaɣ tɔlɩm yɔɔ. Pɩfɛyɩ ɖeu se ɖa-tɩŋa ɖɩtɔzʋʋ tɔm ndʋ tɩ-yɔɔ?
Tʋma 10:1-48; 11:1-18; Natʋ 19:10.
Tɔm Pɔzʋʋ
- Abalʋ weyi luŋ kɩlɛmʋʋ yɔɔ mbʋ yɔ?
- Tɔm ndʋ Ɛsɔ tiyiyu nɔɔyʋ heyi Kɔɔrnɛɛyɩ?
- Pɩyɛɛrɩ kaawɛ Siimɔɔ ɖɩɣa ñʋʋ taa Yopee lɛ, ɛbɛ Ɛsɔ laba nɛ ɛna?
- Ɛbɛ yɔɔ Pɩyɛɛrɩ heyi Kɔɔrnɛɛyɩ se pɩtɩmʋna se eluŋ nɛ ɛsɛɛ-ɩ ɛzɩ Ɛsɔ yɔ?
- Ɛbɛ yɔɔ pɩɩɖɩɣzɩ Yesu tɔmkpɛlɩkɩyaa Yuda mba mba paatɩŋ Pɩyɛɛrɩ wayɩ yɔ?
- Lɔŋ kɩbaŋ weyi pʋmʋnaa ɖɩkpɛlɩkɩ kɛdaɣ kanɛ ka-taa?
Tɔm pɔzʋʋ lɛɛtʋ
- Kalɩ Tʋma 10:1-48.
Tɔm ndʋ Pɩyɛɛrɩ yɔɔdɩ Tʋma 10:42 taa yɔ, ɛbɛ tɩwɩlɩɣ Kewiyaɣ laŋhɛzɩyɛ tɔm susuu tʋmɩyɛ yɔɔ? (Mat. 28:19; Mk.13:10; Tʋma 1:8)
- Kalɩ Tʋma 11:1-18.
Pɩyɛɛrɩ kɔm eɖiɣzini Yehowa lɩmaɣza mba patɩkɛ Yuda mba yɔ, pɔ-yɔɔ lɛ, wɛtʋ kɩbandʋ ndʋ ɛwɩlaa? Nɛ ɛzɩma ɖɩpɩzɩɣ ɖɩmaɣzɩnɩ-ɩ? (Tʋma 11:17, 18; 2 Kɔr. 10:5; Efɛ. 5:17)


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Tɔm Kɩkpɛlɩkɩtʋ 10
Ɛbɛ pɩzɩɣ pɩsɩnɩ-ŋ nɛ ŋtɩlɩ toovenim Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ?
1. Ɛzɩ toovenim Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ ɛgbɛyɛ kʋɖʋmɖɩyɛ ɖeke wɛna na?
Yesu kaawɩlɩ ɛ-wayɩ tɩŋɩyaa Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ ɛgbɛyɛ kʋɖʋmɖɩyɛ tɔm na; nɖɩ lɛ toovenim Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ ɛgbɛyɛ. Ðɩwɛ ɛzɩ nʋmɔʋ ŋgʋ kiwokini wezuu maatɛŋ taa yɔ. Yesu kaayɔɔdaa se: “Mba panaɣ . . . nʋmɔʋ ŋgʋ yɔ, patɩɖɔɔ.” (Maatiyee 7:14) Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ ndʋ tɩñɩkɩɣ nesi Bibl taa toovenim yɔɔ yɔ, ti-yeke koŋ Ɛsɔ sɔɔlaa. Krɩstʋ mba toovenim mba wɛ patɩŋa tisuu kʋɖʋmʋm taa na.—Kalɩ Yohanɛɛsɩ 4:23, 24; 14:6; Efɛɛzɩ 4:4, 5.
2. Suwe Yesu yɔɔdɩ Krɩstʋ mba cɛtɩyaa yɔɔ?
Yesu kaayɔɔdaa se nayaa cɛtɩyaa kaɣ pisuu toovenim Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ. Ŋna-wɛ ɛza yɔɔ yem yɔ, ŋtɔŋ se pɛkɛ Ɛsɔ sɛyaa toovenim mba. Po-coocinaa tɔŋ se pɛkɛ Krɩstʋ mba. Ɛlɛ mbʋ palakɩ yɔ, pɩpɩzɩɣ pɩsɩnɩ-ŋ nɛ ŋtɩlɩ ɛyaa mba pɛkɛnaa siŋŋ yɔ. Ɛzɩma tɩyɛ? Toovenim Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ sɩɣnɩ Krɩstʋ mba se pɛwɛnɩ wɛtʋ kɩbandʋ ndɩ ndɩ nɛ pɩpɩzɩ nɛ pɩsɩnɩ lɛlaa nɛ patɩlɩ-wɛ.—Kalɩ Maatiyee 7:13-23.
3. Ɛbɛ pɩzɩɣ pɩsɩnɩ-ŋ nɛ ŋtɩlɩ Krɩstʋ mba toovenim mba?
Wɛtʋ kagbanzɩ pɩzɩɣ nɛ tɩsɩnɩ-ɖʋ nɛ ɖɩtɩlɩ-wɛ:
Ɛsɔ sɛyaa toovenim mba ñaŋ Bibl se kɩkɛ Ɛsɔtɔm. Pañakɩ pana nɛ pɔɖɔŋ Bibl paɣtʋ yɔɔ. Toovenim Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ ɛgbɛyɛ wɛ ndɩ nɛ coocinaa, mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ coocinaa mba pawɩlɩɣ ɛyaa lɩmaɣza na. (Maatiyee 15:7-9) Ɛsɔ sɛyaa toovenim mba iisusuu tɔm natʋyʋ nɛ pʋwayɩ lɛ, pala lɛɛtʋ.—Yohanɛɛsɩ 17:17; 2 Timootee 3:16, 17.
Yesu wayɩ tɩŋɩyaa toovenim mba ñaŋ Ɛsɔ hɩɖɛ, Yehowa. Yesu kaañam Ɛsɔ hɩɖɛ nɛ ɛwɩlɩ-ɖɩ lɛlaa. Ɛɛsɩnɩ ɛyaa se patɩlɩ Ɛsɔ nɛ ɛwɩlɩ-wɛ se patɩmɩ nɛ Ɛsɔ hɩɖɛ yɔɔ ñalɩ. (Maatiyee 6:9) Hɔɔlʋʋ ŋgʋ kɩ-taa ŋwɛɛ yɔ, Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ ɛgbɛyɛ naɖɩyɛ wɩlɩɣ Ɛsɔ hɩɖɛ lɛlaa nɛ ɖiyeki se patɩlɩ-ɖɩ?—Kalɩ Yohanɛɛsɩ 17:26; Roma 10:13, 14.
Ɛsɔ sɛyaa toovenim mba susuu Ɛsɔ Kewiyaɣ tɔm. Ɛsɔ kaatiyi Yesu se esusi Kewiyaɣ laŋhɛzɩyɛ tɔm. Ɛsɔ Kewiyaɣ yeke ɛyaa pɩzɩɣ nɛ pataa liu. Yesu yɔɔdɩ kɔ-tɔm halɩ pɩkɔɔ nɛ pɩtalɩ ɛ-sɩm kɩyakʋ wiye. (Luka 4:43; 8:1; 23:42, 43) Ɛɛtɔm se ɛ-wayɩ tɩŋɩyaa kaɣ kewiyaɣ tɔm ndʋ susuu. Ye nɔɔyʋ ɛkɔm ñɛ-tɛ se ɛyɔɔdʋʋnɩ-ŋ Ɛsɔ Kewiyaɣ tɔm, ŋmaɣzɩɣ se Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ ɛgbɛyɛ nɖɩ taa ɛwɛɛ?—Kalɩ Maatiyee 24:14.
Yesu wayɩ tɩŋɩyaa ɩɩɖʋʋ pɔ-nɔsɩ ɛjaɖɛ tɔm taa. Paaɖʋʋ pɔ-nɔsɩ politiki taa yaa pɛ-ɛjaɖɛ tɔm taa. (Yohanɛɛsɩ 17:16; 18:36) Pɩtasɩ lɛ, paalakɩ lakasɩ nzɩ ɛjaɖɛ yɔɔ mba lakɩ yɔ.—Kalɩ Yakubu 4:4.
Krɩstʋ mba toovenim mba sɔɔlɩ ɖama siŋŋ. Pɛkpɛlɩkɩ Ɛsɔtɔm taa se pɩwɛɛ se paña ɛyaa tɩŋa. Cɛtɩm Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ agbaa tɩnɩɣ mba palakɩ you yɔ pɔ-yɔɔ. Ɛlɛ Ɛsɔ sɛyaa toovenim mba ñaalakɩ mbʋ. (Mikee 4:1-3) Halɩ Krɩstʋ mba toovenim mba ɖʋʋ sɔɔlɩm nɛ pakpakɩɣ pa-alɩwaatʋ nɛ pe-liidiye nɛ pasɩɣna nɛ pasazɩɣ lɛlaa.—Kalɩ Yohanɛɛsɩ 13:34, 35; 1 Yohanɛɛsɩ 4:20.
4. Ŋpɩzɩɣ nɛ ŋtɩlɩ toovenim Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ ɛgbɛyɛ na?
Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ ɛgbɛyɛ nɖɩ wɩlɩtʋ tɩŋa ñɩkɩɣ niye Bibl yɔɔ? Nɖɩ ñaŋ Ɛsɔ hɩɖɛ nɛ ɖisusuu se Ɛsɔ Kewiyaɣ ɖeke pɩwɛɛ se ɛyaa ɩtaa liu? Nɖɩ taa ɛyaa sɔɔlɩ ɖama nɛ pekiziɣ you labʋ? Ŋmaɣzɩɣ suwe?—Kalɩ 1 Yohanɛɛsɩ 3:10-12.


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Kɛkɛnaa nɛ awiya hulaɣ wɛɛ nɛ pakandɩyɩɣ ñɔ-yɔɔ
“Pɩkaɣ kɛʋ mbʋ, ye ɩñaŋ camɩyɛ [Yehowa] mɩ-Ɛsɔ nɔɔ kɔyɔ.” —ZEK. 6:15.
HENDU: 61, 22
1, 2. Wɛtʋ ndʋ tɩ-taa Yuuda ñɩma mba paawɛ Yeruzalɛm yɔ paawɛ alɩwaatʋ ndʋ Zekariya tɛm ɛ-natʋ lʋbɛ ndʋ naʋ yɔ?
PƖTƲƲ fɛyɩ se mbʋ mbʋ Zekariya na natʋ lʋbɛ ndʋ tɩɖɛwa yɔ tɩ-taa yɔ, ɛwɛɛ nɛ ɛmaɣzɩɣ pɩ-yɔɔ siŋŋ. Yehowa wɩlɩ kpayɩ se ɛkaɣ pɔzʋʋ ɛyaa kɩdɛkɛdaa akɔnta pa-lakasɩ kɩdɛkɛdɩsɩ yɔɔ. Tɔm tʋnɛ tɩkpazɩ ɖoŋ Zekariya. Ɛlɛ pʋcɔ nɛ pɩtalɩ alɩwaatʋ ndʋ Yehowa ɖʋwa se ɛpɔzʋʋ ɛyaa kɩdɛkɛdaa akɔnta yɔ lɛ, pɩ-tɛɛ nɛ pɩ-yɔɔ lakasɩ nɛ kɩdɛkɛdɩm ndɩ ndɩ wɛnɩ paa le. Nɛ Yehowa templo ŋgʋ pamaɣaɣ Yeruzalɛm yɔ, peyebi kɩ-maʋ ɖɔɖɔ. Ɛbɛ laba nɛ Yuuda ñɩma mba peyele tʋmɩyɛ nɖɩ Ɛsɔ maɣmaɣ kaaɖʋ-wɛ yɔ ɖɩ-labʋ? Pa-maɣmaɣ pɛ-kɛzɛsɩ ñɩnʋʋ yɔɔ Ɛsɔ kaapɩsɩnɩ-wɛ pɛ-ɛjaɖɛ taa?
2 Zekariya kaanawa se Yuuda ñɩma mba palɩnɩ Babilɔɔnɩ nɛ papɩsɩ Yeruzalɛm yɔ, paawɛnɩ tisuu siŋŋ. Ɛsɔ kaaseɣtini pa-maɣzɩm nɛ pakʋyɩ nɛ pɛɖɛɛ peyele pɛ-ɖɩsɩ nɛ pa-tʋma. (Ɛsd. 1:2, 3, 5) Pakʋyɩ ɖenɖe wezuu caɣʋ kaamalɩnɩ-wɛ yɔ nɛ pɛɖɛɛ nɛ powolo lone nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa pa-taa sakɩyɛ ɩɩsɩŋ yɔ. Ye Yehowa kpaaŋ maʋ ɛtaacɛyɩ siŋŋ yɔ, pataatisi nɛ pɔɖɔ nʋmɔʋ kaɖɛ ñɩŋgʋ ŋgʋ; kɩ-ɖaɣlɩkɩŋ kaatalɩ kilomɛtanaa ɛzɩ 1 600 mbʋ yɔ.
3, 4. Yuuda ñɩma mba papɩsɩ pɛ-tɛ Yeruzalɛm tɛtʋ taa yɔ, kala wena pakataa?
3 Ɛzɩma nʋmɔʋ ɖɔm mbʋ pɩɩwɛɛ? Pɩtʋʋ fɛyɩ se Yuuda ñɩma mba pɔɖɔŋaɣ nʋmɔʋ ŋgʋ lɛ, pɛwɛɛ nɛ pamaɣzɩɣ ɖenɖe powoki yɔ pɩ-yɔɔ. Ɛzɩ ɛzɩma peeɖe kaɣ wɛʋ? Paakɛdɩ-wɛ ɛzɩma Yeruzalɛm tɛtʋ kaawɛ ɖeu yɔ pɩ-tɔm. Mba paakɛ akpadɩyaa yɔ, paananɩ pɛ-ɛsa kajalaɣ templo ŋgʋ paamawa yɔ kɩ-kajʋka. (Ɛsd. 3:12) Ye ŋŋwɛ pɛ-hɛkʋ taa nɛ ɩkɔɔ ɩtalɩ Yeruzalɛm tɛtʋ cɔlɔ nɛ ŋna kɩ-njɛyɛ, ɛzɩma pɩɩlabɩ-ŋ? Alɩwaatʋ ndʋ ŋnaɣ ñɩtʋ ñɔwa nɛ tihuuzi njaa yɔɔ yɔ, pɩhaɣ-ŋ laŋwɛɛkɩyɛ na? Ɛzɩ alɩwaatʋ ndʋ ŋna Yeruzalɛm kolonzi nɛ si-tilima wena a-yɔɔ cɔŋɩyaa cakaɣ yɔ, atɔlaa yɔ, pɩɩtɔzɩ-ŋ Babilɔɔnɩ kolonzi sɔsɔsɩ yɔɔ? Paa pɩtɩɩkɛ suwe yɔ, samaɣ kaawɛ abalɩtʋ. Kaatɛm naʋ ɛzɩma Yehowa kandɩyɩ kɔ-yɔɔ nʋmɔʋ ɖɔm taa yɔ. Patɩɩtalaa lɛ, mbʋ pacalɩ labʋ yɔ lɛ se pama altaaru ɖenɖe templo kaawɛɛ yɔ nɛ palaɣ kɩ-yɔɔ kɩlaŋ Yehowa paa evemiye nɖɩ. (Ɛsd. 3:1, 2) Kpekpeka ŋga paawɛnɩ kiɖe tɛɛ yɔ, pɩɩwɛ ɛzɩ nabʋyʋ ɛɛpɩzɩɣ nɛ pitisi po-toma taa yɔ.
4 Pɩtasɩnɩ templo maʋ tʋmɩyɛ lɛ, pɩwɛɛ se Izrayɛɛlɩ piya ɩma ɖɔɖɔ sɩ-tɛtʋ. Pɩɩwɛɛ se paɖaɣnɩ maʋ ɖɩsɩ, pɔsɔ tɩŋ, nɛ pacalɩ ɖɔɖɔ pɔ-hɔŋ taa mba. (Ɛsd. 2:70) Tʋma wena pɩɩwɛɛ se pala yɔ, pɩɩwɛ ɛzɩ acɛzɩ-wɛ yɔ. Pɩtasɩ lɛ, papaɣzɩ tʋmɩyɛ nɛ pitileɖi lɛ, papaɣzɩ-wɛ kaɖɩnʋʋ ɖɔɖɔ siŋŋ. Paa paapaɣzɩ tʋmɩyɛ nɖɩ nɛ kpekpeka kiɖe tɛɛ yɔ, pɩnzɩ 15 nzɩ sɩtɩŋ pʋwayɩ yɔ, sɩ-taa pakatɩ kala ndɩ ndɩ. (Ɛsd. 4:1-4) Kaɖɛ sɔsɔyɛ kɔm alɩwaatʋ ndʋ Pɛrsɩ wiyaʋ ɖʋ paɣtʋ pɩnaɣ 522 P.P.Y taa se pataatasɩ maʋ Yeruzalɛm tɛtʋ yɔ. Pɩɩwɛ ɛzɩ kɩlabɩm nabʋyʋ tɩtasɩ wɛʋ yɔ.—Ɛsd. 4:21-24
5. Alɩwaatʋ ndʋ Yehowa samaɣ yebi tʋmɩyɛ nɖɩ ɛɖʋ-kɛ yɔ ɖɩ-labʋ lɛ, ɛbɛ ɛlaba?
5 Yehowa kaasɩm mbʋ pɩtɛɖɩɣ ɛ-samaɣ ɖeyi ɖeyi yɔ. Ɛsɔ wɩlɩ Zekariya natʋ kɛdɛzaɣ ñɩndʋ se ɛtɩŋnɩ tɩ-yɔɔ nɛ ɛwɩlɩ Yuuda mba se ɛsɔɔlɩ-wɛ, nɛ ɛ-taa wɛ leleŋ nɛ kɩbandʋ ndʋ payɩ palaba yɔ, nɛ ɛwɩlɩ-wɛ ɖɔɖɔ se ye palabɩ abalɩtʋ nɛ powolo ɛ-tʋmɩyɛ yɔɔ yɔ, ɛkaɣ pɔ-yɔɔ kandɩyʋʋ. Templo maʋ tʋmɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-nʋmɔʋ taa lɛ, Yehowa kaaheyi-wɛ se: “Pɩkaɣ kɛʋ mbʋ, ye ɩñaŋ camɩyɛ [Yehowa] mɩ-Ɛsɔ nɔɔ kɔyɔ.”—Zek. 6:15.
ƐSƆ TIYIYAA MBA PALAKƖ YOU YƆ
6. (a) Ɛzɩma Zekariya natʋ lutozo ñɩndʋ paɣzaa? (Cɔnɩ kiɖe tɛɛ kɩlɛmʋʋ.) (b) Ɛbɛ yɔɔ kpaŋnaŋ weyi ɩhɔŋaɣ kɛɛkɛɛnaa yɔ, ɩɩwɛnɩ tɔlɩm ndɩ ndɩ?
6 Pɩtɩla Zekariya natʋ tɩŋa taa lɛ, lutozo ndʋ kaakpazɩnɩ Izrayɛɛlɩ piya tisuu ɖoŋ nɛ pɩkpaɖɩ. (Kalɩ Zekariya 6:1-3.) Maɣzɩ nɛ ŋna: Kɛɛkɛɛnaa naanza wɛɛ nɛ palɩɣnɩ ‘ñɩɣyʋʋ kɩsɛɛmʋʋ pʋŋ naalɛ hɛkʋ taa,’ nɛ pɩtʋʋ fɛyɩ se pɔñɔɔzɩ-wɛ se pɛɖɛɛ you. Kpaŋnaŋ weyi ɩhɔŋaɣ kɛɛkɛɛnaa mba yɔ, paa weyi lɛ, ɛ-tɔlɩm kaawɛ ndɩ nɛ lɛɛŋ. Kpaŋnaŋ ɛnɩ ɩwɛnɩ tɔlɩm ndɩ ndɩ, nɛ mbʋ sɩɣnɩna se patɩlɩ-ɩ camɩyɛ. Zekariya na mbʋ lɛ, ɛpɔzɩ tiyiyu se: “Ɛbɛ lɛ mbʋ yɔ?” (Zek. 6:4) Ða ɖɔɖɔ ɖɩsɔɔlaa se ɖɩnɩɩ pɩ-taa mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ natʋ ndʋ titukuuni-ɖʋ.
Halɩ nɛ sɔnɔ Yehowa tɩŋɩɣnɩ e-tiyiyaa yɔɔ nɛ ɛkandɩyɩɣ ɛ-samaɣ yɔɔ nɛ ɛkpazɩɣ-kɛ ɖoŋ
7, 8. (a) Ɛbɛ pʋŋ naalɛ weyi Zekariya nawa yɔ ɩsɩŋnaa? (b) Ɛbɛ yɔɔ ɩɩkɛ ñɩɣyʋʋ kɩsɛɛmʋʋ pʋŋ?
7 Bibl taa lɛ, nabʋyʋ taa pakpakɩɣ pʋŋ nɛ pamaɣzɩɣnɩ kewiyisi yaa kominawaa. Pʋŋ naalɛ weyi ɩ-tɔm Zekariya yɔɔdaa yɔ, ɩnɩɣzɩnɩ pʋŋ naalɛ weyi ɩ-tɔm Danɩyɛɛlɩ ɖɔɖɔ yɔɔdaa yɔ. Kajalaɣ ñɩŋgʋ sɩŋnɩ tamtam kewiyitu ndʋ Yehowa tɔkɩ kedeŋa kpeekpe yɔɔ yɔ. Naalɛ ñɩŋgʋ ñasɩŋnɩ Mesiya Kewiyaɣ ŋga paɖʋzɩ Yesu nesi tɛɛ yɔ. (Dan. 2:35, 45) Kpaɣnɩ alɩwaatʋ ndʋ Yesu pɩsɩ Wiyaʋ pɩnaɣ 1914 taa yɔ, pʋŋ ɛnɩ ɩ-naalɛ ɩwɛɛ nɛ ɩlakɩ tʋmɩyɛ se Ɛsɔ sɔɔlɩm ɛla tɛtʋ yɔɔ.
8 Ɛbɛ yɔɔ pʋŋ weyi Zekariya nawa yɔ, ɩɩkɛ ñɩɣyʋʋ kɩsɛɛmʋʋ pʋŋ? Ɛzɩ sika yɔ, ñɩɣyʋʋ kɩsɛɛmʋʋ kɛ ñɩɣyʋʋ ŋgʋ kɩmʋ ñɩm siŋŋ yɔ. Yehowa kaayɔɔdaa se palabɩnɩ tʋmɩyɛ ñɩɣyʋʋ kɩñɩlɩsʋʋ ŋgʋ nɛ pamanɩ kediɣzaɣ kuduyuu, nɛ pʋwayɩ lɛ, ɛyɔɔdɩ ɖɔɖɔ se palabɩnɩ-kʋ tʋmɩyɛ nɛ pamanɩ templo ŋgʋ kɩɩwɛ Yeruzalɛm yɔ. (Ejl. 27:1-3; 1 Aw. 7:13-16) Ye mbʋ pɩmʋnaa se pakpaɣ ɛzɩma Yehowa Kewiyitu kɩkɩlɩtʋ tɔɔʋ nɛ Mesiya Kewiyaɣ pɛwɛ ɖeu pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ yɔ nɛ pamaɣzɩnɩ ñɩɣtʋ kɩsɛɛmtʋ pʋŋ ɛnɩ. Kewiyisi sɩnɛ, sɩkaɣ kɔnʋʋ ɖiɣ ɖiɣ caɣʋ nɛ wazasɩ sakɩyɛ ɛyaa kpeekpe.
9. (a) Mba kaacaɣ kɛɛkɛɛnaa mba Zekariya kaanawa yɔ pɔ-yɔɔ? (b) Nɛ tʋmɩyɛ nɖɩ paaɖʋ-wɛ?
9 Lɛɛlɛɛyɔ ɖɩyɔɔdɩ kɛɛkɛɛnaa mba Zekariya nawa yɔ pɔ-tɔm. Ɛbɛ kɛɛkɛɛnaa mba nɛ pa-caɣyaa pasɩŋnaa? Kɛɛkɛɛnaa mba pa-caɣyaa kɛnɩ Ɛsɔ tiyiyaa nɛ pɩtʋʋ fɛyɩ se pasɩŋnɩ Ɛsɔ tiyiyaa tindima. (Kalɩ Zekariya 6:5-8.) Palɩnɩ “Tɛtʋ kpeekpe Ñazɩyʋ [yaa tɛtʋ kpeekpe yɔɔ Kɩbaɣlʋ] ɛsɩndaa” nɛ petiyi-wɛ se powolo pala tʋmɩyɛ sɔsɔyɛ naɖɩyɛ. Ɛzɩ tʋmɩyɛ nɖɩ paɖʋ-wɛ? Paɖʋ-wɛ tʋmɩyɛ se pakandɩyɩ samaɣ nakɛyɛ yɔɔ. Paɖʋ-wɛ tʋmɩyɛ se pakandɩyɩ Yehowa samaɣ yɔɔ, kɔzɩ kɔzɩ ŋga kaawɛ Babilɔɔnɩ ɛjaɖɛ nɛ “hayo kiŋ” yɔ. Pɩwɩlɩɣ se Yehowa ɛɛkaɣ tasʋʋ yebu nɛ Babilɔɔnɩ mba woni ɛ-samaɣ yomiye taa kaaʋ. Tɔm tʋnɛ tɩɩkpazɩ ɖoŋ mba pamaɣaɣ templo Zekariya alɩwaatʋ taa yɔ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ. Pɩtaapɔzɩ se sɔɔndʋ ɛkpa-wɛ nɛ mbʋ payɩ po-koyindinaa lakɩ se pakaɖɩnɩ-wɛ yɔ.
10. Zekariya natʋ ndʋ tɩyɔɔdʋʋ kɛɛkɛɛnaa nɛ pɔ-yɔɔ caɣyaa tɔm yɔ, tɩsɩɣnɩ Ɛsɔ samaɣ sɔnɔ se kataapɩtɩ tɔm ndʋ yɔɔ?
10 Ɛzɩ Yehowa kaalabʋ Zekariya alɩwaatʋ taa yɔ, mbʋ ɖɔɖɔ eɖiɣni tɩŋnʋʋ e-tiyiyaa yɔɔ nɛ ɛkandɩyɩɣ nɛ ɛkpazɩɣ ɖoŋ ɛ-samaɣ. (Mal. 3:6; Ebr. 1:7, 14) Kpaɣnɩ alɩwaatʋ ndʋ fezuu taa Izrayɛɛlɩ lɩ Babilɔɔnɩ sɔsɔʋ yomiye taa pɩnaɣ 1919 taa yɔ, toovenim Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ wɛɛ nɛ tɩɖɛɣnɩ ɛsɩndaa siŋŋ paa koyindinaa ɩwɛɛ nɛ pakaɖɩɣnɩ-tʋ kaahɛzaɣ yɔ. (Natʋ 18:4) Ðɩnawa se tiyiyaa wɛɛ nɛ pakandɩyɩɣ ɖɔ-yɔɔ, ye mbʋ sɔɔndʋ ɛɛkpaɣ-ɖʋ se kaɖɛ sɔsɔyɛ naɖɩyɛ kaakɔɔ Yehowa samaɣ yɔɔ fezuu taa. (Keɣa 33:8) Pɩtʋʋ fɛyɩ se Ɛsɔ sɛyaa mba pɛwɛ kedeŋa kpeekpe yɔɔ yɔ, Yehowa kaɣ yebu nɛ pɛɖɛɣnɩ ɛsɩndaa fezuu taa tam. Zekariya natʋ tʋnɛ tɩsɩnɩ-ɖʋ nɛ ɖɩna kpayɩ kpayɩ se pʋŋ naalɛ weyi Zekariya nawa yɔ ɩwɛɛ nɛ ɩkandɩyɩɣ ɖɔ-yɔɔ.
11. Ɛbɛ yɔɔ pɩtɩpɔzɩ se sɔɔndʋ ɛkpa-ɖʋ nɛ you ŋgʋ politiki ñʋndɩnaa kaɣ labʋ nɛ Ɛsɔ samaɣ yɔ?
11 Pɩkazɩ pazɩ lɛ, politiki ñʋndɩnaa kaɣ labʋ nɔɔ se paɖɩzɩ Ɛsɔ samaɣ. (Ezek. 38:2, 10-12; Dan. 11:40, 44, 45; Natʋ 19:19) Ezekɩyɛɛlɩ yɔɔdɩ pɔ-tɔm ɛ-natʋ taa; ɛtɔm se pɛwɛ ɛzɩ yoyaa mba pamʋ pana siŋŋ nɛ pacaɣ kpaŋnaŋ yɔɔ nɛ pɔkɔŋ se pawadɩ Ɛsɔ samaɣ yɔɔ ɛzɩ mɩndʋ yɔ. (Ezek. 38:15, 16) * Pɩwɛɛ se tɔm tʋnɛ tɩkpa-ɖʋ sɔɔndʋ yaa we? Sɔɔndʋ ɛɛkpaɣ-ɖʋ kaaʋ mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ, yoyaa lalaa kandɩyɩɣ ɖɔ-yɔɔ. Kʋñɔŋ sɔsɔʋ alɩwaatʋ ndʋ tɩ-taa Yehowa kaɣ tɩŋnʋʋ e-tiyiyaa yɔɔ nɛ ɛla you nɛ ɛɖɩzɩ mba pakaɖɩɣnɩ e-kewiyitu tɔɔʋ yɔ, nɛ ɛya ɛ-samaɣ ñʋʋ. (2 Tes. 1:7, 8) Pɩkaɣ kɛnʋʋ kɩyakʋ sɔsɔʋ kpem! Ɛlɛ akaɣ Yehowa tiyiyaa mba ɖɛʋ nɔɔ nɛ pala you?
YEHOWA PAM WEYI ƐLƖZAA SE ƐKƐ WIYAƲ NƐ CƆJƆ YƆ AWIYA HULAƔ
12, 13. (a) Zekariya na natʋ lutozo ñɩndʋ lɛ, ɛbɛ peheyi-i se ɛla? (b) Ɛbɛ wɩlɩɣ se abalʋ weyi paya-ɩ se Cobiye yɔ, ɛsɩŋnɩ Yesu Krɩstʋ?
12 Zekariya na natʋ ndʋ yɔ, tɩkpɛndɩ lutozo. Lɛɛlɛɛyɔ mbʋ peheyi-i se ɛla yɔ pɩkɛnɩ natʋ tɔm ndʋ tɩkpazɩ ɖoŋ mba paawɛɛ nɛ paɖaɣnɩɣ maʋ Ɛsɔ templo yɔ. (Kalɩ Zekariya 6:9-12.) Peheyi Zekariya se ɛmʋ liidiye ñɩɣtʋ nɛ sika Hɛlɩdayii, Toobiya, nɛ Yedaya, pɔ-cɔlɔ; paalɩnɩ Babilɔɔnɩ nɛ patalɩ. Peheyi-i ɖɔɖɔ se ɛkpaɣ haɖɛ nɖɩ samaɣ laba yɔ nɛ elubini “kewiyaɣ hulaɣ” yaa awiya hulaɣ sɔsɔɔ. (Zekariya 6:11) Ɛzɩ pakaɣ heyuu Zekariya se ɛkpaɣ hulaɣ ŋga nɛ ɛpa wiyaʋ lone taa caɣyʋ, Yuuda liɖe taa tʋ Zorobabɛɛlɩ weyi ɛkɛ Daviid sayɩ yɔ? Aayɩ. Pɩɖɩɣzɩ ɛyaa se peheyi-i se ɛkpaɣ hulaɣ ŋga nɛ ɛpa Yozuwee.
13 Papam Layʋ Sɔsɔ Yozuwee awiya hulaɣ yɔ, pɩwɩlɩɣ se ɛpɩsɩ wiyaʋ yaa we? Aayɩ, mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ, Yozuwee taakɛ Daviid liɖe taa tʋ; ye mbʋ pataapɩzɩɣ se pasɩɩ-ɩ wiyaʋ. Paapam Yozuwee awiya hulaɣ ŋga yɔ, pɩɩsɩŋnɩ mbʋ pakaɣ labʋ weyi ɛkaɣ kɛʋ wiyaʋ nɛ cɔjɔ tam tam yɔ. Paya cɔjɔ sɔsɔ weyi pasɩ-ɩ wiyaʋ yɔ se Cobiye. Masɩ wɩlɩɣ kpayɩ kpayɩ se Yesu Krɩstʋ kɛnɩ Cobiye nɖɩ.—Natʋ 22:16; Mat. 2:23. *
14. Yesu kɛnɩ Wiyaʋ nɛ Cɔjɔ Sɔsɔ, ye mbʋ tʋmɩyɛ nɖɩ eɖiɣni labʋ sɔnɔ?
14 Yesu kɛ Wiyaʋ nɛ Cɔjɔ Sɔsɔ, ye mbʋ ɛnʋ ɖɛnɩ nɔɔ Yehowa tiyiyaa mba pɛɖɛɣ you labʋ yɔ. Eɖiɣni tʋmɩyɛ labʋ sɔnɔ nɛ ehuuzuu Ɛsɔ samaɣ yɔɔ paa kɛwɛ ɛjaɖɛ kɩdɛkɛdɩyɛ taa yɔ. (Yer. 23:5, 6) Pɩkazɩ pazɩ lɛ, Krɩstʋ kaɣ labʋ you nɛ ɛɖɩzɩ mba pakaɖɩɣnɩ Ɛsɔ yɔ nɛ ɛɖʋ nesi Ɛsɔ kewiyitu kɩkɩlɩtʋ tɔɔʋ nɛ ɛya Yehowa samaɣ ñʋʋ. (Natʋ 17:12-14; 19:11, 14, 15) Ɛlɛ pʋcɔ nɛ Cobiye ɖɩzɩ koyindinaa mba lɛ, pɩwɛɛ se ɖɩla tʋmɩyɛ sɔsɔɖɛ naɖɩyɛ.
ƐKAƔ MAƲ TEMPLO
15, 16. (a) Ñɔɔzʋʋ tʋmɩyɛ nɖɩ palabɩ ɖa-alɩwaatʋ taa? (b) Nɛ alabɩ-ɖɩ? (c) Ɛzɩma pɩkaɣ wɛʋ Pɩnzɩ Kudoku Kewiyitu Tɔɔʋ wayɩ?
15 Pɩtasɩnɩ se Yesu kɛ Wiyaʋ nɛ Cɔjɔ Sɔsɔ lɛ, paɖʋ-ɩ ɖɔɖɔ tʋmɩyɛ se ‘ɛma Yehowa templo.’ (Kalɩ Zekariya 6:13.) Ða-alɩwaatʋ tʋnɛ tɩ-taa lɛ, templo maʋ tʋmɩyɛ nɖɩ Yesu laba yɔ, ɖɩ-hɔɔlʋʋ nakʋyʋ lɛ se eyeba nɛ toovenim Ɛsɔ sɛyaa lɩɩ Babilɔɔnɩ sɔsɔʋ yomiye taa nɛ paɖaɣnɩ ɖʋʋ Krɩstʋ ɛgbɛyɛ pɩnaɣ 1919 taa. Ɛlɩzɩ ɖɔɖɔ “yom siɣsiɣ tʋ nɛ lɔŋsɩnɖʋ” se eɖiyi tʋmɩyɛ nɖɩ peɖiɣni labʋ fezuu taa templo hɔɔlʋʋ ŋgʋ kɩwɛ tɛtʋ yɔɔ yɔ kɩ-taa. (Mat. 24:45, nwt) Pɩtasɩ lɛ, Yesu wɛɛ nɛ ɛñɔɔzʋʋ Ɛsɔ samaɣ se kamʋnɩ camɩyɛ nɛ kɛcɛlɩ Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ ndʋ tɩwɛ kele kele yɔ.—Mal. 3:1-3.
16 Yesu nɛ ɛyaa 144 000 waa mba pɛkɛ awiya nɛ cɔjɔnaa yɔ, pakaɣ labʋ tʋmɩyɛ Pɩnzɩ Kudoku Kewiyitu Tɔɔʋ alɩwaatʋ taa nɛ ɛyaa talɩ pilim. Pʋwayɩ lɛ, Yehowa sɛyaa toovenim mba ɖeke kaɣnɩ wɛʋ tɛtʋ kpeekpe yɔɔ paradisuu taa. Pʋbʋ taa lɛ, toovenim Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ ndʋ tɩɩwɛ ɖooo kiɖe tɛɛ yɔ, ti-ɖeke tɩkaɣnɩ wɛʋ kedeŋa kpeekpe yɔɔ.
ÐƲ NESI TEMPLO MAƲ TƲMƖYƐ
17. (a) Tɔm ndʋ Yehowa tasɩ heyuu Yuuda mba? (b) Nɛ ɛzɩma tɩɩsɩnɩ-wɛ?
17 Ɛzɩma tɔm ndʋ Zekariya kaayɔɔdaa yɔ tɩsɩnɩ Yuuda ñɩma mba paawɛ ɛ-alɩwaatʋ taa yɔ? Tɩɩsɩnɩ-wɛ nɛ pana se Yehowa kaɣ pɔ-yɔɔ kandɩyʋʋ nɛ pala tʋmɩyɛ nɖɩ ɛɖʋ-wɛ yɔ nɛ pɛtɛm-ɖɩ. Pɩtʋʋ fɛyɩ se tɔm tʋnɛ tɩɩha-wɛ lidaʋ nɛ tɩkpazɩ-wɛ ɖoŋ siŋŋ. Ɛlɛ ɛzɩma ɛyaa cabɩ pɩzɩɣ nɛ pala tʋmɩyɛ sɔsɔyɛ nɖɩ? Tɔm ndʋ Zekariya tasɩ yɔɔdʋʋ yɔ, tiyeba nɛ sɔɔndʋ ndʋ paawɛna yɔ tɩsɩɩ tɩnaɣ. Pɩtasɩnɩ Yuuda ñɩma mba paɖaɣnɩ lɩnʋʋ Babilɔɔnɩ nɛ pɔkɔɔ ɛzɩ Hɛlɩdayii, Toobiya nɛ Yedaya lɛ, Ɛsɔ yɔɔdaa se ɛyaa sakɩyɛ kaɣ “kɔm nɛ pama [Yehowa] templo.” (Kalɩ Zekariya 6:15.) Lɛɛlɛɛyɔ Yuuda mba taa tɛma se Yehowa kaɣ-wɛ sɩnʋʋ, pʋyɔɔ paɖaɣnɩ paɣzʋʋ templo maʋ kpaagbaa paa paakizini-wɛ yɔ. Pitileɖi lɛ, Yehowa yele nɛ kaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩɩwɛ pɛ-ɛsɩndaa ɛzɩ pʋʋ nɛ pataamaɣzɩ kaaʋ se pakaɣ ɖɩ-taa lɩʋ yɔ, pawabɩ-ɖɩ nɛ pɛtɛzɩ kpaaŋ maʋ pɩnaɣ 515 P.P.Y. (Ɛsd. 6:22; Zek. 4:6, 7) Ɛlɛ tɔm ndʋ Yehowa yɔɔdaa yɔ, ɖa-alɩwaatʋ tʋnɛ tɩ-taa tɩwɛɛ nɛ tɩlakɩ siŋŋ.
18. Ɛzɩma Zekariya 6:15 ɖiɣni pɩ-taa kɔm ɖa-alɩwaatʋ tʋnɛ tɩ-taa?
18 Sɔnɔ, ɛyaa miiliyɔɔwaa sakɩyɛ wɛɛ nɛ pɔkɔŋ toovenim Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ taa nɛ pakpakɩɣ ‘pa-ñɩm’, ɛzɩ pa-alɩwaatʋ, po-ɖoŋ nɛ pe-liidiye mbʋ yɔ nɛ paɖʋʋnɩ nesi Yehowa templo sɔsɔʋ tʋma nɛ pa-laŋɩyɛ pilim; templo ŋgʋ kɩkɛ fezuu taa ñɩŋgʋ na. (Adu. 3:9) Ɛbɛ wɩlɩɣ se ɛzɩma ɖɩɖʋʋ tʋma ana nesi yɔ, Yehowa taa wɛ-ɖʋ nɛ leleŋ? Tɔzɩ se Hɛlɩdayii, Toobiya nɛ Yedaya paakɔnɩ mbʋ mbʋ pɩpɔzʋʋ yɔ nɛ Zekariya labɩnɩ awiya hulaɣ. Pʋwayɩ lɛ, hulaɣ ŋga kaapɩsɩ mbʋ ‘pɩtɔzʋʋ’ ɛyaa haɖɛ nɖɩ Hɛlɩdayii, Toobiya nɛ Yedaya paalaba nɛ paɖʋnɩ nesi toovenim Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ yɔ ɖɩ-yɔɔ. (Zek. 6:14) Mbʋ ɖɔɖɔ tʋmɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩlakɩ sɔnɔ, nɛ sɔɔlɩm mbʋ ɖɩwɩlɩɣ Yehowa yɔ, ɛɛkaɣ pɩ-yɔɔ sɔʋ kaaʋ. (Ebr. 6:10) Pɩkaɣ wɛʋ tam Yehowa maɣzɩm taa.
19. Ðoŋ weyi pɩwɛɛ se Zekariya natʋ tɔm ɩwɛɛnɩ ɖɔ-yɔɔ sɔnɔ?
19 Mbʋ payɩ pɩlabɩ toovenim Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ taa kɛdɛzaɣ kɩyakɩŋ ɩnɛ ɩ-taa yɔ, pɩwɩlɩɣ kpayɩ kpayɩ se Yehowa wɛɛ nɛ ɛwazɩɣ ɛ-samaɣ nɛ Yesu wɛna nɛ eɖiyiɣ-kɛ. Ɛgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa ɖɩwɛ sɔnɔ yɔ, ɖɩ-taa nɛ pɛɛyɛ nɛ laŋhɛzɩyɛ; nɛ ɛgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩkaɣ wɛʋ tam tam. Tamaɣ ŋga Yehowa labɩ Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ kele kele ñɩndʋ yɔɔ yɔ, pɩtʋʋ fɛyɩ se kakaɣ “kɛʋ mbʋ” yaa kakaɣ kɔm pɩ-taa ɖeyi ɖeyi. Nɩɩ leleŋ lone nɖɩ Yehowa ha-ŋ ɛ-samaɣ taa yɔ ɖɩ-yɔɔ, nɛ ‘ŋñaŋ camɩyɛ Yehowa ñɛ-Ɛsɔ nɔɔ.’ Ye ŋlakɩ mbʋ yɔ, weyi ɛkɛ Wiyaʋ nɛ Cɔjɔ Sɔsɔ yɔ ɛ nɛ Ɛsɔ tiyiyaa mba pacaɣ kpaŋnaŋ yɔɔ yɔ, pakaɣ ñɔ-yɔɔ kandɩyʋʋ paa ɛzɩmtaa. Ðʋ toovenim Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ nesi nɛ ño-ɖoŋ tɩŋa. Taapɩtɩ kaaʋ se ye ŋwɛɛ nɛ ŋlakɩ mbʋ yɔ, yoyaa kpeekpe tɛ Ɛsɔ Yehowa kaɣ ñɔ-yɔɔ kandɩyʋʋ kpaɣnɩ Sataŋ ɛjaɖɛ kɛdɛzaɣ kɩyakɩŋ ɩnɛ ɩ-taa nɛ pɩɖɛɛ tam tam.
^ tay. 11 Kalɩ 15 mai 2015 tɛ Feŋuu Tilimiye h. 29-30 yɔɔ tɔm ñʋʋ Questions des lecteurs nɛ ŋtasɩ tɔm lɛɛtʋ naʋ.
^ tay. 13 Tɔm piye nɖɩ pɛɖɛzɩ-ɖɩ Maatiyee 2:23 taa se “Nazarɛɛtɩ tʋ” yɔ ɖɩlɩnɩ Ebree tɔm piye nɖɩ ɖɩ-tɔbʋʋ lɛ se “cobiye” yɔ ɖɩ-taa.


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Fɔsɩfɔrɩ
Fɔsɩfɔrɩ kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi pasɩma-ɩ nɛ ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ 15 nɛ yʊsaɣ ñɩŋa yɔ P. Fɔsɩfɔrɩ tomnaɣ yem wɛna tɔlɩm ndɩ ndɩ, kʊlʊmʊm caʊʊ, pɩsɛɛ cɩɩŋ kpɛdɩŋ yɔɔ. Camɩyɛ kele kele, fɔsɩfɔrɩ kʊlʊmʊʊ wɛ ñalala. Wɛtʊ kɩsɛmtʊ nɛ kɩkpɛɛdɩtʊ pɩzɩɣ pɩkɛ mʊlʊm yaa ɖɔmbɩyɛ.
Hɩɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩlɩna krɛkɩ kʊnʊŋ taa se φώσφopoς (phosphoros), pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se weyi ɛwɛna mʊntʊsʊʊ yɔ nɛ ɛyɔɔdʊʊ wɩsɩ cɔʊʊ tɩɩŋa Venus tɔm, ɖiyiyu tɩɩŋga. Kiɖe nɖɩ pɛcɛla-ɖɩ pɩlɩna mbʊ se fɔsɩfɔrɩ lɩzɩɣ mʊntʊsʊʊ kʊlʊmʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩnaɣ cɩkpɛndʊʊ taa yɔ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ ɛwɛɣ helim taa yem yɔ, pɩlɩna kpɛlɩ mʊntʊsʊʊ yɔɔ. Pɩtɩŋna ɛzɩma kɩjɛyɩɣ pʊtʊ ɛyʊ fezuu labʊ taa pɩkɩlɩ pʊtʊnaa lalaa mbʊ lɛ, ONU nɛ lɛɣtʊ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊma tɩnaa tɔ mbʊ se ɛkɛ kajalaɣ tɛtɛɛ ñɩm mbʊ pʊmʊnaa se pɛkpɛlɛkɩ ɛ-tɔsʊʊ labʊ nɛ pʊcɔɔ camɩyɛ.
Alɩwaatʊ ndʊ palɩ fɔsɩfɔrɩ yɔɔ yɔ, pʊtʊnaa hiu nɛ naatozo yeke kaatɛmna wɛʊ ( ɖɩnaɣ-wɛ pɩtɛɛ kpata yɔɔ), ŋgʊ sɔnɔ yɔ pʊtʊnaa mɩnʊʊ nɛ hiu nɛ lutozo wɛna (ŋpɩzɩɣ ŋwili kpɛlɩ pʊtʊnaa pɩlʊʊ cɛŋga yɔɔ). Ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ pʊtʊnaa lɛɛlaa yɔɔ pasɩma-ɩ pɩlɩna Lavoisier tʊma yɔɔ pɩnzɩ cabɩ wayi.
Pʊtʊnaa mba patɩla alɩwaatʊ ndʊ palɩ fɔsɩfɔrɩ yɔɔ yɔ mba yɔɔ, C patatɩlɩ ɛ-pɩnaɣ, S ɖɔɖɔ mbʊ, Cu pɩnaɣ -5000, Au pɩnaɣ -3000, Ag pɩnaɣ -3000, Fe pɩnaɣ -2500, Sn pɩnaɣ -2100, Sb pɩnaɣ -1600, Hg pɩnaɣ -1500, Pb pɩnaɣ -1000, As pɩnaɣ 1250, Zn pɩnaɣ 1500 nɛ Bi pɩnaɣ 1500. Ɛyaa mba palɩ pɔ-yɔɔ mbʊ yɔ paha-wɛ hɩla ndɩ ndɩ, Phosphorus fulgurans yaa Lumen conflans (Kunckel), Noctiluca aërea (Boyle), mʊntʊsʊʊ kɩkpɩndʊʊ yaa ɖɔɖɔ Phosphorus igneus nɛ Phosphorus pyropus ɛlɛ Leibnitz cɔlɔ. Hɩla ana atɩŋga payi mbʊ yɔ pɩlɩna ɛzɩma ɛhaɣ mʊntʊsʊʊ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ ɛmʊ miŋ helim taa yem yɔ.
Pʊtʊ ɛnʊ palɩɣ ɛ-yɔɔ pɩtɩŋna ñɩɣlɩm pɩsʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ tʊ Hennig Brandt ɛkɛCaama tʊ pɩnaɣ 1669 pɩtɩŋna hɩm yɔɔ. Lɩmaɣza acaɣ mɛɛsaɣ tɛ pileɖi, ɛlɛ paa pɩɩkɛ ɛzɩma yɔɔ, kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkɩyʊ Caama tʊ Jean Kunckel nɛ tomnasɩ ɖɔnɛ tʊmɩyɛ tʊ ɛlɛ ñɛkɛ Ɛnglɩsɩ tʊ Robert Boyle pɩza pañɩnɩ pɩnzɩ sakɩyɛ nɛ patɩlɩ pʊ-tɔbʊʊ nɛ pʊ-nɔɔ nɔmɔŋ.


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Teŋgu Hayuu ŋgʋ
Teŋgu Hayuu ŋgʋ kɛna Teŋgu epikontinantalɩ ŋgʋ kɩ-kɛ lɩm fɛɛʋ Atilantiki ŋgʋ yɔ. Kɩwɛna hayuu hɔɔlʋʋ taa kiŋ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʋyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ taa kɛ anasaayɩ waa tɛ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Nɛ teŋgu kʋnɛ kɩ-walanzɩ taa pamaza lɛ, pɩtalɩɣ yaa pɩmaɣna ɛzɩ 575000 mbɩ yɔ kɛ mɛtɛ waa kudoku.
Ajɛɛ wena ajɔɔ aɣ-ta Teŋgu Hayuu n̄ɩŋgʋ kʋnɛ yɔ, a-taa nayɛ kɔyɔ: Angletɛrɩ (lɩyɛɛ Angletɛɖɩ nɛ lɩyɛɛ anɛyɔ Shetland nɛ Orcades, nɛ pʋwɛ size ɖɩtɩlɩ se Angletɛrɩ kʋnɛna wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʋyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ taa kiŋ nɛ Teŋgʋ kʋnɛ kɩ-ɖɩwɛyɛ. Ajɛɛ anɛyɔ: Fransɩɩ, nɛ Caama, nɛ Pɛlɩzɩkɩ, nɛ pɩtɛmmna Peeyibaa lɛ paɣpaɣ wɛna Teŋgu kʋnɛ nɛ kɩ-hadɛ hɔɔlʋʋ taa kiŋ.
Ajɛɛ lɛɛna anɛyɔ: Tanimarikɩ nɛ Nɔɔrɩvɛɛzɩ panaɣ paɣpaɣ nɛ teŋgu kʋnɛ kɩ-wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ taa kiŋ. Teŋgu kʋnɛ yɔ, kɩna Manchɩ pekpeŋ ɖama taa pɩtɩŋgɩna pas de Calais ŋgʋ kʋwɛna hadɛ hɔɔlʋʋ taa kiŋ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʋyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ yɔɔ yɔ.
Teŋgu Paɣlitiki nɛ Teŋgu Hayuu kiŋ n̄ɩŋgʋ kʋnɛ yɔ, patɩŋgʋ ɖama taa pɩtɩŋgɩna Skagerrak nɛ Cattégat yaa canal de Kiel pɔyɔ. Pɛwɛ panalɛ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ taa kiŋ.
Lɩm fɛɛʋ Atɩlantiki n̄ɔn̄ɔ nɛyɩ nɛ hayuu kiŋ hɔɔlʋʋ taa nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʋyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ kiŋ. Nɛ Teŋgu Nɔɔrɩvɛɛzɩ n̄atamasɩ nɛyɩ nɛ hayuu kiŋ hɔɔlʋʋ taa. Teŋgu Hayuu kʋnɛ anasaayɩ waa tɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ taa kiŋ n̄ɩŋgʋ kʋnɛ lɛ, kɩ-kɛna n̄ɩm hɔɔlʋʋ sʋsɔm nabʋyʋ kpem. Kɩ-sɩɣna siŋŋ kɛ n̄ɩm ɖɩcazɩyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ taa.
Ɖɩcɔna kɔyɔ, ɖɩna se, teŋgu nɔɔ hɔɔlʋʋ taa peɖe, tadɩyɛ yaa kɛɛkʋ ɖɔŋ camɩyɛ. Kɛɛkʋ wondu ɖɛzɩɣ wɛ lɔŋ lɔŋ ɖasam camɩyɛ pɩŋŋ. Pɩzɩɣna yaa teŋgu kʋnɛ kɩ-haɣ nʋmɔʋ size pɔcɔlɩ pɔɔ nɛ pakpaɣ pɔɔ taa yaa lɩm taa nandu. Ɖɩtaasɔ ɖɔɖɔ size peɖe ɖihiku kaɖasɩm.
Teŋgu Hayuu n̄ɩŋgʋ kʋnɛ anasaayɩ waa tɛ peɖe, nɛ kɩ-tɛ litoralɩ (littoral) pɛkpɛnda pɛkɛ hɔɔlʋʋ n̄ɩm n̄ɩmbʋ sʋsɔm nabʋyʋ kɛ pɛ-tɛ hɔɔlʋʋ ŋgʋ kɩ-taa, kɛ pɛ-tɛtʋ taa. Pa-kaɖasɩm kpou nɛ pe-keɖeya wondu ndɩ ndɩ ndu tɩ-hɔŋ ɛyaa nɛ pɛ-ɛjaɖɛ ndɩ yɔ kɛna n̄am n̄am lakasɩ nzɩ sɩɩ-n̄ɔzʋ ceewayɩ mba yɔ.


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Fɩtɩyɩm taa maɣzʊʊ ɖoŋ (libre arbitre)
Nabʊyʊ wɛ ɛyʊ fɩtɩyɩm taa nɛ pɩhaɣ-ɩ ɖoŋ se ɛmaɣzɩ. Fɩtɩyɩm taa maɣzɩm ɖoŋ payaɣna fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa se «libre arbitre». Nabʊyʊ mbʊ pɩhaɣna ɛyʊ ɖoŋ nɛ ɛlakɩ mbʊ e-liu wɛɛ yɔ. Pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se ɛyʊ pɩzɩɣ ɛla lɩmaɣza kɩbana nɛ ɛlakɩ mbʊ pʊwɛ ɖeu kpem yɔ. Pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se pɩɣa taŋayɩ pɩzɩɣ kaɖʊ ka-ñʊʊ taa se kɛcɛyɩɣ ka-tɩ nɛ kala sukuli ɖeu nɛ kɛɖɛɛ anasaayɩnaa tɛ nɛ kɔkɔɔ kapɩsɩ ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊdʊ cee yɔɔ. Pɩɣa nakɛyɩ ñapɩzɩ kaɖʊ ka-ñʊʊ taa se kalakɩ sukuli nɛ kɔkɔɔ kapɩsɩ minisi. Nakɛyɩ ñapɩzɩ kaɖʊ se kɔsɔɔla se kapɩsɩ sɔɔja sɔsɔ nɔɔyʊʊ sɔɔjatʊ nʊmɔʊ taa. Pɩɣa nakɛyɩ ñapɩzɩ kɔsɔɔlɩ se kapɩzɩ haɖʊ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʊ. Pɩtɩŋa payɩ mbʊ yɔ, pɩlɩɣna paa weyi ɛ-maɣzɩm cɔlɔ. Pɩɣa ŋga kaɖʊʊ ka-ñʊʊ taa se kɔtɔsɔɔlɩ kɔ-yɔɔ ɛwɩɩ yɔ, kakaɣ pɩsɩʊ mɩlʊ cee yɔɔ. Yee toovenum pɩɣa ŋga kɔkɔma kapɩsɩ ha-m mɔntɔɔ yaa mɩlʊ yɔ, pʊwɛɛ se pɔhɔ ka-naŋgbaŋʊʊ nɛ kɩcɛkɩ yɔ, kɩcɛ, mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, ŋga taasɔɔlɩna se kɔ-yɔɔ ɛwɩɩ. Lɛɣtʊ pɩlɩʊ nakʊyʊ wɛɛ nɛ payaɣ-kʊ nɛ fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa se «déterminisme» yaa «fatalisme». Pɩlɩʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa ɛyaa ñɔtɔŋ se nabʊyʊ fɛyɩ ɛyʊ fɩtɩyɩm taa nɛ pɩhaɣ-ɩ ɖoŋ se ɛmaɣzɩ nɛ ɛla mbʊ ɛsɔɔlaa yɔ. Pɔyɔɔdʊʊ se ɛyʊ maɣzɩm yaa ɛ-lakasɩ ɛɛlɩɣna ɛ-cɔlɔ. Pakaɖa kpayɩ se pʊcɔ palʊlɩ ɛyʊ lɛ, pɩtɛma ɖʊʊ mbʊ ɛkaɣ labʊ payɩ e-wezuu caɣʊ tɩŋa taa yɔ. Pɩtɛma ɖʊʊ ɖɔɖɔ mbʊ ɛkaɣ kɛʊ e-wezuu caɣʊ taa yɔ. Pʊɖʊwa se palʊlʊʊ ɛyʊ yɔ, ɛkaɣ kɛʊ ñʊʊdʊ nɔɔyʊ, mbʊʊ ɛkɛʊ. Pʊɖʊwa se palʊlʊʊ-ɩ yɔ, ɛkaɣ kɛʊ ha-m mɔɔtɔɔ, mbʊ ɖɔɖɔ ɛkɛʊ. Pʊɖʊwa se palʊlʊʊ-ɩ yɔ, ɛkaɣ kɛʊ mɩlʊ, mbʊ ɖeyi ɖeyi ɛkɛʊ. Pʊwɩlɩɣ se ɛyʊ lakɩ mbʊ payɩ yɔ, pɩɩlɩɣna ɛ-cɔlɔ. Pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se, pɩtamʊna se pɔhɔ nɔɔyʊ nɩŋgbaŋʊʊ se ɛwɛɛkɩ pʊyʊ. Mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, mbʊ ɛwɛɛkaa yɔ, pɩtalɩɩna ɛ-cɔlɔ. Pɩɩtɛma ɖʊʊ mbʊ se mbʊʊ ɛkaɣ wɛɛkʊʊ. Yee mbʊ, lɛɣtʊ pɩlɩʊ ŋgʊ payaɣna fransɩɩ taa se «déterminisme» yaa «fatalisme» yɔ, ki-koyindu lɛ mbʊ payaɣna fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa se «libre arbitre» yɔ. Pa-naalɛ pa-taa lɛ, pɩnaɣ keɣlee se mba pɛkɛ fatalisti waa (fatalistes) yɔ, peyeki nɛ ɛyaa ɛɛcɛyɩɣ pa-tɩ nabʊyʊ taa, mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, pɔyɔɔdʊʊ se mbʊ pʊɖʊwa se paa weyi ɛkɛ yɔ, mbʊʊ ɛkɛʊ. Paa ɛyʊ ɛɛcɛyɩ ɛ-tɩ ɛzɩma, pɩɩɖʊwa se ɛtaahiɣ ɛ-tɩ kɔyɔ, ɛɛkaɣ ɖɔɖɔ ɛ-tɩ hiɣu wiɖiyi kaʊ. Ɛlɛ, pɩtɛkɛ mbʊ pɩkɛwa. Maɣzɩm pʊnɛ piyekiŋna nɛ kedeŋa pɩzɩɣna wayɩ wayɩ. Ŋgʊ Ɛsɔ lɩzɩ kedeŋa nɛ eyebina ɛyʊ tataa cɩnɛ se ɛla nɛ kowobina ɛsɩndaa nɛ pɩɖɛɛ.


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Kaartum
Kaartum kɛna Sudaanɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ nɛ Kaartum tɔbʊʊ nɛ arabɩ kʊnʊŋ taa se Tu keɖe. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩwɛ Nili Kʊlʊmʊʊ ɖɩ-yazɩyɛ taa nɛ Nili kɩkpɛdʊ ŋgʊ kɩlɩɣna Etiyoopii yɔ. Tɛtʊ ndʊ ɛyaa mba payaɣ se Umdurmani nɛ Paarii yɔ mba kɩlɩna wɛʊ nɛ pɛɖɛ ɛzɩ miliyɔɔnaa naanza yɔ, (4 518 000).
Kaartum tɛtʊ nɛ ajɛya lɛɛna taa tɛtʊ natʊyʊ kpɛndɩɣ nɛ tɩlakɩ tʊma kʊɖʊma nɛ a-taa kɔyɔ: Ankara (Turki), Isitambuli (Turki), Zuhaŋ (Siini), Kɛɛrɩ (Egipiti), Amanɩ (Yɔridani), Asmara (Eriitree), Adisi-Abeba (Etiyoopii), Pireziliya (Piresiili), Harigeyiza (Soomaali), Tuubayɩ (Emiratɩ-Araabʊzuni).


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Miŋgi Kewiyaɣ Kɩɖɛzaɣ (Dynastie Ming)
Miŋgi kewiyaɣ kɩɖɛzaɣ pɩkɛ liɖe taa ɛyaa awiyaa mba pɔtɔɔ kewiɣtu Siini ɛjaɖɛ kpaɣna pɩnaɣ 1368 ŋtalɩ pɩnaɣ 1644 taa yɔ. Ɖɩyaɣ se kewiyaɣ kɩɖɛzaɣ pɩkɛ kewiyaɣ ŋga kɛwɛʊ ɖɩɣa taa ɛyaa kʊɖʊma tɛ tɩmʊʊ taa nɛ pamʊʊ-kɛ ɖama alɩwaatʊ ndʊ wiyaʊ weyi ɛɖɔka-kɛ yɔ ɛsɩkɩ yɔ. Miiŋ kewiyaɣ pɩɖɩna Siini ɛjaɖɛ kɛ Han tɛ.
Kamʊ kewitu alɩwaatʊ ndʊ Yuan kewiyaɣ tɔla Mɔŋgɔlɩ ɛyaa nesi tɛ yɔ nɛ keleɖi kakaa pɩtalɩ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ pamʊ Pékin tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ yɔ pɩnaɣ 1644 taa. Alɩwaatʊ ndʊ Li Zicheng ñaŋgasaɣ kewiyaɣ yɔ ɛlɛ, kpɛdɛɣɛ mbʊ lɛ, Kiŋgi mandchoue kewiyaɣ ɖɩzɩɣ-ɩ yaa lɛɣzɩ-ɩ. Miŋgi kewiyaɣ paɣtʊ e-kewiyaɣ alɩwaatʊ (pɛkpɛndaɣ payaɣ se Hadɛ Miiŋ) kaawɛ pɩtalɩ pɩnaɣ 1662, pɩnaɣ ŋga poluuzi pa-tɩ Kiŋgi kewiyaɣ tɛɛ.
Kewiyaɣ ɖɛzɩɣ kɩɖe ɖʊyʊ, ɛnʊ yɔ wiyaʊ sɔsɔ Hongwu (pɩnzɩ 1368-1398) taka se ɛla ɛ-samaɣ nɛ kɛwɛ ke-yeke ɖoli kʊyʊm haɖaa tɩyɛ nɛ katuu lone kaʊ se kowoki ɖoli nɛ ka-maɣmaɣ kamakʊna ka-tɩ ko-ɖoŋ taa yeke nɛ nabʊyʊ ɛkaɣ pɩtɛɖɩ-kɛ se kaakpɛndɩ ka-tɩ nɛ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ taa ɛyaa tɛ tadɩyɛ wezuu labʊ taa. Ɛ-tɛ ɖanɩɣ maʊ Siini haɖaʊ kiɖe yɔ nɛ haba nɔmɔŋ ɖʊʊ sɩna sakɩyɛ nɛ haɖaʊ tʊmɩyɛ kpa ɖoŋ Ampiiri taa ŋgʊ kɩpaɣzɩna tɔɔnasɩ sakɩyɛ sakɩyɛ kɔnaʊ mbʊ papɩzaɣ se pɛpɛdɩ kɩyakɩŋ weyi ɛɛwɛ kpɛɛ haba nɔsɩ yɔɔ yɔ ɛ-taa.
Pɩlaba mbʊ lɛ, ɛyaa ɖɔɔ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ taa pɩŋ nɛ tadɩyɛ tʊmɩyɛ cɛyɩ siŋ nɛ ɖɔɖɔ nesi tɛ tʊma ɖɔɔ kɛlɛ pɩsɩna nɛ patʊlɩ nesi tɛɛ tʊma ɖɩlaɖɛ sakɩyɛ nɛ pamʊ tʊmɩyɛ ɛyaa kpanɖaŋ sakɩyɛ. Ɛyaa taa pɩlɩŋ sɔsɔŋ weyi pekpele-i weewe tɩnaa taa yɔ ɖɔɖɔ sɩma ɛsakuliye kɩfaɖɛ ndɩ, ndɩ ɖɩ-lɩmaɣzɩyɛ keeke kɛ kʊtɔm nɔmɔʊ yɔ. Papazɩ pa-tɩ posunau canaʊ tɔm mbʊ lɛ, wonduu pɛdɩyaa paɣzɩ pa-tɩ sʊzʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ kewiyaɣ tʊma taa nɛ kpeɣlasi taa caɣyaa tʊma taa, kɛlɛ pakpaɣ ɛsakuliye tɛ wɛtʊ nɛ ɛyaa sɔsaa tɛ laɣsɩ.
Kpaɣna kpaɣɖʊ 16 alɩwaatʊ taa Miŋgi tɔsʊʊ tasɩ huu pɩtɩŋna polinda ajɛyɛ naayɛ tadɩyɛ yɔɔ ɛzɩ Pɔrɩtɩkalɩ, Ɛsɩpañɔɔlɩ nɛ Hollandɩ. Siini kaawɛ ɖɔɖɔ pɩ-taa kolombii kɩlɛzɩɣ taa, pɛlɛzaɣ ɖama pa-ñɩm, tɩŋ nɛ kpɩnaa kɛ kɩbɩndɛ nɛ kɩfaɖɛ ajɛyɛ hɛkʊ taa. Tadɩyɛ labʊ nɛ Erɔpʊ ajɛyɛ nɛ Japɔŋ ñɩndɛ kɔna liidiye sakɩyɛ nɛ pɩpɩsɩ kɩlɛzʊʊ kɩbaŋgʊʊ nakʊyʊ Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa.
Wayi wayi kpaɣɖʊ alɩwaatʊ taa kɛ kewiyaɣ kɩɖɛzaɣ, niikaɣ pɩnaɣ cikpeɣla wɛtʊ caɣa haɖaʊ tʊmɩyɛ, ɛjaɖɛ taa azɛyʊʊ naa nɛ kʊdɔmɩŋ, ŋgʊ politiki fezuu caɣʊ tɔm ɖɩhʊyɛ taa nɛ Ampiiri taa taawɛ ɖiɣɖɩɣ. Tʊma yɔɔ cɔnaʊ tʊmɩyɛ tɔlɩtʊ tɩna kewiyaɣ ɖɛzɩtʊ tɛ ɖɩzɩɣ mbilim.


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Pɩyaʊ
Pɩyaʊ kɛ tɛtɛ kpɩnɛ nɖɩ ɛyʊ ɖɔ ɖɩɣa yɔ. Kɩwɛna naŋgbazɩ naanza nɛ nandʊ kɩkɩlɩɣ tɔɔʊ. Pɩyaʊ kɛ ɛyʊ ɛkpaadʊ kɩpanʊ nɔɔyʊ. Pɩyaŋ wɛ hʊwa ntɩ ntɩ nɛ pɩpɩzɩɣ pɩtalɩ ɛzɩ hʊwa hiŋ kakpaanzɩ kɛ mbʊ yɔ. Ɖɩɣa wondu taa lɛ, pɩyaʊ nɛ haɣ pakɩlɩɣna nandu tɔɔʊ. Mbʊ kɩkɩlɩɣ tɔɔʊ yɔ, mbʊ lɛ tɛtɛ kpɩna wena amaɣna pazɩ pazɩ nɛ sumasɩ aya kpakpasɩ.
Pɩyaʊ wɛna wiliŋ ntɩ ntɩ, nɛ paa wiliɣ ŋgʊ lɛ kɩnɛ kɩ-tɔbʊʊ. Pañɩna pɩnaɣ 2006-2007 nɛ pana se ɖɩɣa pɩyaʊ naaʊ mbʊ yɔ, kɩlɩna Afrika taa. Afrika taa kɛ awayɩ pɩyaʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ se celeɣ yɔ, kɩɩwɛɛ nɛ kɩwɛʊ-kɛ yɔ, pɩpɩzɩɣ pɩtalɩ ɛzɩ pɩnzɩ 130.000. Kacalaɣ pɩyaŋ weyi papazɩ ɖɔʊ yɔ, ɖooo “Néolitique” tɛ alɩwatʊ taa; pɩlakɩ ɛzɩ pɩnzɩ 8.000 yaa 10.000 mbʊ yɔ. Pɩɩkɛ alɩwatʊ ndʊ ɛyʊ hayɑɣ nɛ ɛɖʊʊ tɔɔnasɩ kpou taa yɔ. Ɛyʊ naa se celesi kɔŋ ɛ-tɛ nɛ sɩkpaɣ holaa nɛ tɛtɛ wondu ndʊ tɩwɛɛkaɣ ɛ-tɔɔnasɩ lɛ, ɛñaɣ pana nɛ ɛkpa-kɛ nɛ ɛpaɣzɩ-kɛ ɖɔʊ.
Egypti mba eeleeyu nɛ pɩyaʊ: kɩkɛ-wɛ sɩʊ sɔsɔʊ nakʊyʊ, nɛ poluŋguu kɩ-tɛɛ. Ɖooo Hɛkʊ nɛ Hɛkʊ Alɩwaatʊ taa kɛ Eerɔpʋ taa mba ñapɩsɩ-kʊ kpaɣʊ ɛsɩ sɩʊ yɔ. Pɩyaʊ tɔm fɛyɩ se pɔyɔɔdɩ: Aazii taa lɛ, piyaʊ kɛna kpɩnɛ nɖɩ ɖɩhaɣ fezuu kɩfalʊʊ nɛ ñʊʊ leleŋ yɔ yaa ñɩm sakɩyɛ yɔ. Kpɩnɛ ɖɩnɛ, ɖɩpɩsɩ ɛyʊ sɔdʊ sɔsɔʊ. Nabɛyɛ tɛ lɛ, kɩkɛ sɩʊ yaa ɛgɔlɔmɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩtɛɛ pʊwɛɛ se poluŋ nɛ paɖʊ hɩɖɛ tam yɔ. Pɩwɛɛ se pɔcɔna pɩyaʊ yɔɔ camɩyɛ. Pʊyɔɔ ɖɔɖɔ pɩwɛɛ se paɖaa pɩyaʊ nɛ kɩ-kʊdɔŋ ɛtaaɖɛ ɛyʊ.


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Marie Curie
Palʊla Marie Curie (ɛ-hɩɖɛ sɔsɔyɛ kɛlɛ se: Maria Salomea Skłodowska herb Dołęga) aloma fenaɣ lʊbɛ ŋgʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 1867 kɛ Farsoovii, Pɔlɔɔñɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛsɩba hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ 4 wiye pɩnaɣ 1934 kɛ sanatorium de Sancellemoz, kɩwɛ Passy, Haute-Savoie kɛ Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛkɛ fiziki tʋ nɛ chimiste kɛ Pologne ɛjaɖɛ taa, nɛ ɛpɩsɩ ɛ-tɩ kɛ fransɩɩ tʊ.
Payaɣ ɛ-walʊ se Pierre Curie; ɛ-na-ɩ pamʊ ñɩnya tɛ samtʊ nimiye naɖɩyɛ hɔɔlʊʊ kɛ pɩnaɣ 1903 nɛ paya-ɖɩ se Prix Nobel de physique. Hɔɔlʊʊ lɛɛkʊ lɛ, Henri Becquerel ñamʊna-kʊ. Nima ana, pɩlɩna pa-tʊma wena palaba nɛ pɩlɩɩna pa-tʊma kɛ radiations waa yɔɔ yɔ. Pɩnaɣ 1911 lɛ, e-ɖeke ɛmʊ samtʊ nimiye lɛɛɖɛ nɛ ɖɩɖɩ lɛ prix Nobel de chimie pɩlɩɩna ɛ-tʊma kɛ polonium nɛ radium pɔ-yɔɔ. E-ɖekɛ ɛkɛna halaa taa halʊ weyi ɛmʊ samtʊ nima naalɛ kɛ hɔɔlɩŋ nɩɩlɛ taa yɔ. ɛ-wayɩ lɛ, ɖɩnaɣ ɖɔɖɔ Linus Pauling weyi ɛlɛ mʊ chimie tɛ samtʊ nimiye naɖɩyɛ nɛ paya-ɖɩ se prix Nobel de chimie pɩnaɣ 1954 pɩtasɩna laŋhɛzɩyɛ samtʊ nimiye pɩnaɣ1962; ɖɩɖɩ lɛ Prix Nobel de la paix. Marie Curie kɛna halʊ weyi ɛkɛna kacalaɣ-tʊ halaa taa se ɛna ɛ-walʊ pamʊ samtʊ sɩka lɩyʊʊ nɛ pɩlɩɩna pa-tʊma kɛ radium yɔɔ yɔ nɛpayaɣ-kʊ se médaille Davy yɔ.
Paa ɛɛpɩsa ɛ-tɩ fransɩɩ tʊ nɛ pɩlɩɩna ɛ-walɩtʊ yɔɔ kɔyɔ, Marie Curie tɔsɔɔ ɖenɖe ɛlɩnaa yɔ. Ɛsɩma mbʊ se ɛkɛ Pɔlɔɔñɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa tʊ nɛ ɛkpɛlɛka e-pɛlaa kɛ Pɔlɔɔñɩ kʊnʊŋ nɛ paa ɛzɩmtaa lɛ, ewokina-wɛ peeɖe ɖɔŋ ɖoŋ. Payaɣ heelim mbʊ se Polonium yɔ, Marie Curie lɩzɩna-ɖɩ nɛ ɛɛsɔɔla camɩyɛ mbʊ se ɛ-ɛjaɖɛ hɩɖɛ ɛsɛɛ.


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Otirisi
Otirisi ɛjaɖɛ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ akeɣta sakɩyɛ kpɛnda nɛ awɛɛna kehiyaɣ kʊɖʊma kpayɩ yɔ. Otirisi ɛjaɖɛ kɛ [[[Eerɔpʋ tɛtʋ tɔm|Eerɔpɩ]] hɛkʊ nɛ hɛkʊ taa ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ ɖɩtɩñɔtɩna teŋʊ nakʊyʊ kaʊ.
Ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩwɛ Eerɔpɩ ajɛya kɩkpɛndɩɣ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se Eerɔpɩ ajɛya kpɛndɩɣ yɔ ɖɩ-taa pɩna ajɛya wena a-liidiya kɛ eeroo yɔ a-taa. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ kpaɣna nɛ ɖɩhayɩ kɩŋ lɛ, ɖɩsɩna Caama nɛ Cɛɛkɩ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ, Sloovakii nɛ Hɔŋgrii kɛ kamaɣ sɩnaa; wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ, Siloveni kɛ kamaɣ wɛɛ. Otirisi ɛjaɖɛ nɛ hadɛ kɩŋ lɛ [Itaali (Italie)|Itaali]] kɛ ɖɩsɩnaa nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa lɛ, Suwiisi nɛ Liechtenstein kɛ kamaɣ ñɛwɛɛ.
Otirisi wɛ Eerɔpɩ ajɛya kɩkpɛndɩɣ ŋgbɛyɛ taa pɩnaɣ 1995 nɛ pɩna ajɛya wena a-liidiya kɛ Eeroo yɔ a-taa kɔlaɣ fenaɣ kacalaɣ wiye pɩnaɣ 1999. Otirisi ɛjaɖɛ taa mba yɔɔdɩɣ caamaɣ kʊnʊŋ. Pɔyɔɔdɩɣ ɖɔɖɔ Krowatɩ, Hɔŋirii nɛ Siloveni. Vɩyɛnɩ kɛŋna peeɖe tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ hɩɖɛ nɛ ndʊ kɩlɩna walanzɩ ɖɔɖɔ.


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Santrafriki
Santrafriki kɛna Afrika nɛ hɛkʊ nɛ hɛkʊ taa ɛjaɖɛ. Ɖɩ-taa ɛyaa kpɛndɩ 4 500 000 nɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-walanzɩ taa maɣna 623 000 km2.Ajɛya wena acɔ-ɖɩ nɛ a-taa yɔ analɛ: Kameruni kɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa, hayʊ kiŋ lɛ Caadɩ, wɩksɩ ɖɩlmiyɛ taa lɛ Suudanŋ nɛ Suudaŋ nɛ hadɛ ñɩŋgʊ poiyelɛ nɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ nɛ hadɛ kiŋ lɛ Koŋgoo-Pirazaaviili nɛ koŋgoo-Kiŋsasa.
Ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖiwɛ Afrika ajɛya kɩkpɛndɩɣ ŋgbɛyɛ taa, Afrika hɛkʊ nɛ hɛkʊ ajɛya kɩkpɛndɩɣ ŋgb,ɛyɛ taa nɛ ajɛya we na awɛ kañɩnbʊsaɣ ŋgbɛyɛ taa yɔ. Santrafreiki ɛjaɖɛ tɛtɛɛ ñɩm ɖɔɔ: Iiraaniyɔm wɛɛ Ɔɔrɩ nɛ diyamaɣ pɛwɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ pɩtasɩna karasim.
Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩmʊ ɖi-tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊ lɛ, ñʊntɩnaa ntɩ ntɩ kaacaɣ kpelaɣ yɔɔ. Jean-Bedel Bokassa kaakɛ ñʊʊtʊ weyi yɔ pɩtɩkɛ nɔɔyʊ lɩzɩna-ɩ ɛlɛ ɛmaɣmaɣ ɛkpaɣna kewiyaɣ ŋganɛ ɖoŋ.
Kacalaɣ caca ŋgʊ pɔtɔɔ camɩyɛ yɔɔlɩɩɩ kɛ pɩnaɣ 1993 yɔ, palɩza Ange-Félix Patassé se ɛkɛna peeɖe ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊtʊ. Patasɩ tɔwʊ kɛ pɩnaɣ 2003 lɛ François Bozizé wabɩ-ɩ nɛ ɛlɛ kpaɣ kpelaɣ. Bozizé kʊɖʊm ɛnʊ paɖaɣna lɩzɩɣ pɩnzɩ 2005 nɛ 2010 ɖɔdɔ. Pʊkɔma pɩnaɣ 2013 lɛ, politiki ŋgbɛyɛ naɖɩyɛ kpaɣ kpelaɣ, nɖɩ lɛ Selka.


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Tɩtanɩ
Tɩtanɩ kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 22 nɛ yusaɣ ñɩŋa yɔ Ti. Ɛkɛ ñɩɣlɩm ɖɛzɩɣ wonuu ŋgʊ kɩfɛyɩ yuŋ yɔ, kɩwɛ tɛyɩŋ, pɩkɛ ñɩɣlɩm wonuu kʊhʊlʊmʊʊ nɛ kɩɩmʊʊ kalɩkɔdaɣ. Palakɩ tɩtanɩ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ kpɛndʊʊ wondu ndʊ tɩfɛyɩ yuŋ ɛlɛ tɩwɛ tɛyɩŋ yɔ tɩ-taa, nɛ palakɩ ɛ-tɛ ɔkɩsɩzɛnɩ wonuu ɛzɩ kpanjaɣ kʊlʊmʊʊ. Ɛ-tɛ nɛ tɩtanɩ waa egeetiye taa ɛ-nɛ zɩrɩkɔnɩyɔm (Zr), hafɩnɩyɔm (Hf) nɛ ruteriforiniyɔm (Rf) tɛ kiŋ.
Mbʊ tɩtanɩ tɔm kɩlɩ ɖeu tʊma sɔsɔna taa yɔ lɛ se ɛwɛ tɛyɩŋ nɛ ɛɛpʊkɩ nɛ piikpezi-ɩ nɛ miŋ ɛɛñakɩ-ɩ. Tɩtanɩ wɛʊ yɔ, pasɩm-kʊ yɔ pɩtɩŋna layʊ sɔsɔ William Gregor yɔɔ kɩnɛ pɩnaɣ 1791, ɛkɛ ñɩɣlɩm tɛtʊ kpɛlɛkɩyʊ nɛ ɖɔɖɔ Ɛsɔ tɔm suziyʊ ɛzɩ payaʊ se pasɩtɔr yɔ Britaniki ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛlɛ ɛtakaɣ se ɛna Helford lɩm pɔɔ taa kañɩŋga kɛ Menachan kɛdɛŋga taa Cornouailles tɛtʊ taa lɛ kɛ ɛlɩza kañɩŋga kɩkpɛdaɣ, nɛ sɔnɔ ŋga payaɣ se ilmenite.
Pɩ-tɛ natʊ tɩwɛ ndɩ nɛ ndʊ Martin Heinrich Klaproth na pɩnaɣ 1795 alɩwaatʊ taa ɛlɛ kaakɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkɩɣ takɩɣ wɩlɩyʊ Berlin sukuli kɩtɛzɩɣ taa, nɛ ɛna ɖɔɖɔ ñɩɣlɩm wonuu kʊyʊmʊ ŋgʊ. Ŋgʊ ɛlakaɣ tʊmɩyɛ schörlite kɩsɛmʊʊ yɔɔ, ŋɣu ɖeɖe nɛ sɔnɔ pasɩma-kʊ se pɩkɛ tɩtanɩ wonuu ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, peeɖe ɛtɛzɩna se ñɩɣlɩm tɛtɛɛ wonuu ŋgʊ patatɩɩ sɩmda yɔ kɩkɛ kʊyʊmʊʊ nɛ Gregor ñɩŋʊ. Mbʊ ɛya-ɩ ɛ-hɩɖɛ nɔɔnɔɔ ñɩnɖɛ se tɩtanɩ, palɩzɩɣ-ɖɩ nɛ krɛkɩ kpeeu lɩmaɣza taa. Berzelius lɩzɩna-ɩ eyeke pɩnaɣ 1825 taa.
Sɔɔjɛtʊ hɔɔlʊʊ taa lɛ palakɩ-ɩ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ ɛzɩ yɔɔ kaɖɩɣ wonuu (Amerika ɛjaɖɛ taa ɛsɔdaa lɔɔɖɩyɛ ɖɛnayʊ) ɖenɖe ɛ-tɛ kpɛdɛtʊ nɔmɔʊ nɛ ɛ-tɛ tɛyɩŋ pɩlɩna ɛzɩma ɛɛpʊkɩ yɔ nɛ ɛɛmʊ miŋ taa lɛ pɩkɛ kajalaɣ wazaɣ pɩyʊ piŋ. Etaazuuni ɛjaɖɛ taa peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ papɩza pɩtɩŋna tɩtanɩ ŋgʊ kɩ-yɔɔ pala lɔɔɖa wena afɛyɩ yuŋ yɔ, nɛ tɩtanɩ lɔɔɖa pɔɔyɩŋ kaawɛ tɛyɩŋ nɛ pɩsɩna nɛ pakpakɩɣ ɛyaa ɛsɔdaa lɔɔɖaa wanjaŋ wanjaŋ waa taa.


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KPƐLƖKƲƲ 28
Baalam kpaŋaɣ yɔɔdaa
Izrayɛɛlɩ piya wɛʋ kañɩmbusuu taa yɔ, pɩkazɩ pazɩ se pɩla pɩnzɩ 40. Pawabɩ ajɛɛ sɔsɔna sakɩyɛ. Lɛɛlɛɛyɔ, pɛwɛ Mowaabʋ kɛdɛɛnzɩ taa, Yɔɔrdaŋ Pɔɔ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ yɔɔ kiŋ nɛ alɩwaatʋ talaa se pasʋʋ Kanaŋ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Sɔɔndʋ kaawɛɛ nɛ pɩkpaɣ Mowaabʋ wiyaʋ Balaakɩ se Izrayɛɛlɩ piya ɩtaakɔɔ nɛ sɩmʋ ɛ-tɛtʋ. Pʋyɔɔ ɛya abalʋ weyi payaɣ se Baalam yɔ se ɛkɔɔ nɛ ɛlɔ nɔɔ kɩdɛkɛdaɣ Izrayɛɛlɩ piya yɔɔ.
Ɛlɛ Yehowa heyi Baalam se: ‘Taalɔ nɔɔ kɩdɛkɛdaɣ Izrayɛɛlɩ piya yɔɔ.’ Pʋyɔɔ lɛ, Baalam kizi se eewoki. Peeɖe wiyaʋ Balaakɩ tasɩ-ɩ yaʋ nɛ eheyi-i se ɛhaɣ-ɩ mbʋ payɩ ɛsɔɔlaa yɔ. Ɛlɛ Baalam kizi kpem se eewoki. Pʋwayɩ lɛ, Ɛsɔ heyi Baalam se: ‘Ŋpɩzɩɣ nɛ ŋwolo, ɛlɛ ndʋ meheyiɣ-ŋ yɔ, ti-ɖeke ŋkaɣ yɔɔdʋʋ.’
Nɛ Baalam kpa ɛ-kpaŋaɣ yɔɔ nɛ ɛkpaɣ nʋmɔʋ nɛ ɛɖɛɛ Mowaabʋ. Ɛñɩnaɣ se ɛlɔ nɔɔ kɩdɛkɛdaɣ Izrayɛɛlɩ piya yɔɔ, paa Yehowa kaaheyi-i se ɛtaala mbʋ yɔ. Yehowa tiyiyu lɩɩ ɛ-yɔɔ nʋmɔʋ taa tam nabudozo. Baalam tɩpɩzɩ nɛ ɛna tiyiyu, ɛlɛ ɛ-kpaŋaɣ ñana-ɩ. Kpaŋaɣ calɩ naʋ tiyiyu lɛ, kasʋʋ ñɩtʋ. Katasɩ-ɩ naʋ lɛ, kowolo kamalɩnɩ pɛɛ koloŋa nakɛyɛ nɛ kañɩɣ Baalam nɩŋgbaŋaɣ nɛ koloŋa ŋga. Nabudozo ɖeɖe lɛ, kɛtɛzɩ hɩnʋʋ habɩyɛ yɔɔ tataa. Kalakaɣ mbʋ lɛ, Baalam wɛɛ nɛ ɛmakɩ-kɛ.
Nabudozo ɖeɖe lɛ, Yehowa yele nɛ kpaŋaɣ yɔɔdɩ. Keheyi Baalam se: ‘Ɛbɛ yɔɔ ŋwɛɛ nɛ ŋmakɩ-m?’ Baalam cosi-kɛ se: ‘Ŋwɛɛ nɛ ŋɖʋʋ-m fɛyɛ. Ye maaɖɔkɩ laɣɖɛ, maakʋ-ŋ.’ Nɛ kpaŋaɣ pɩsɩnɩ-ɩ se: ‘Pɩlakɩ pɩnzɩ sakɩyɛ yɔ, ŋwɛʋ nɛ ŋcakɩ mɔ-yɔɔ nɛ ŋɖɛɣ nʋmɔʋ yɔ. Wiɖiyi malabɩ-ŋ mbʋ?’
Peeɖe Yehowa yeba nɛ Baalam na Ɛsɔ tiyiyu. Ɛlɛ heyi-i se: ‘Yehowa heyi-ŋ se ŋtaalɔ nɔɔ kɩdɛkɛdaɣ Izrayɛɛlɩ yɔɔ.’ Baalam cosi se: ‘Malabɩ kɩdɛkɛdɩm. Maatasɩɣ wobu, manpɩsɩɣ.’ Ɛlɛ tiyiyu heyi-i se: ‘Ŋpɩzɩɣ nɛ ŋwolo Mowaabʋ, ɛlɛ ndʋ Yehowa heyiɣ-ŋ yɔ, ti-ɖeke ŋkaɣ yɔɔdʋʋ.’
Mbʋ pɩtalɩ Baalam yɔ, ɛkpɛlɩkɩ lɔŋ nɩɩyɩ pɩ-taa? Aayɩ, mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ, ɛñaɣ pana tam nabudozo se ɛlɔ nɔɔ kɩdɛkɛdaɣ Izrayɛɛlɩ piya yɔɔ, ɛlɛ Yehowa yele nɛ ɛwazɩ-sɩ kɩwazʋ. Pʋwayɩ lɛ, Izrayɛɛlɩ piya yooni Mowaabʋ nɛ pakʋ Baalam. Ye Baalam eewelisini Yehowa, pɩtaakɩlɩ ɖeu na?
“Ɩɖaŋ mɩ-tɩ nɛ ñɩm laɣzaɣ, mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ paa ñɩm ɛɛtɔyɩnɩ ɛyʋ ɛzɩma yɔ, e-wezuu ɛɛwɛɣ ɛ-ñɩm mbʋ pɩ-yɔɔ na.” —Luka 12:15


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Wiɖiyi sɩɖaa feŋ nɛ patasɩ wezuu caɣʋ na?
Pɩkɛ ña ŋcosuu se . . .
ɛɛɛ?
aayɩ?
pɩtɩla?
NDƲ BIBL YƆƆDƲƲ YƆ
“Ɛyaa kʋtʋʋzaa nɛ kɩtɩtʋʋzɩŋ mba pasɩba yɔ, pɔkɔŋ fem.”—Tʋma 24:15, L’Alliance Biblique du Togo.
ƐZƖMA TƆM TƲNƐ TƖPƖZƖƔ NƐ PƖWAZƖ-Ŋ?
Ñɛ-ɛyʋ kʋsɔɔlʋ nɔɔyʋ ɛsɩba yɔ, kɩhɛzɩɣ ña-laŋɩyɛ.—2 Kɔrɛntɩ 1:3, 4.
Sɩm ɛɛtasɩɣ-ŋ sɔɔndʋ kpaʋ.—Ebree 2:15.
Pɩhaɣ-ŋ lidaʋ se ña nɛ ñɛ-ɛyaa kʋsɔɔlaa mba pasɩba yɔ, ɩɖaɣnɩɣ katʋʋ wiɖiyi.—Yohanɛɛsɩ 5:28, 29.
ÐƖPƖZƖƔ NƐ ÐITISI SE BIBL TƆM KƐ TOOVENIM NA?
Ɛɛɛ, ɖɩyɔɔdɩ lɩmaɣza naadozo ɖeke tɔm:
Ɛsɔ lɩzɩnɩ wezuu. Bibl tɔŋ se Yehowa Ɛsɔ “cɔlɔ wezuu hiɖe wɛɛ.” (Keɣa 36:9; Tʋma 17:24, 25) Weyi ɛha pɩtɩŋa wezuu yɔ, pɩtʋʋ fɛyɩ se pʋdʋ ɛnʋ ɛpɩzɩɣ nɛ ɛɖaɣnɩ wezuu haʋ weyi ɛsɩba yɔ.
Ɛsɔ kaafezi ɛyaa nɛ pɩɖɛɛ. Bibl yɔɔdʋʋ ɛyaa fezuu lutozo tɔm; Ɛsɔ kaayeba nɛ piya evelisi, ɛzʋtʋyaa, abalaa nɛ halaa nabɛyɛ ɖaɣnɩ hiɣu wezuu nɛ pacaɣ tɛtʋ yɔɔ. Pa-taa nabɛyɛ kaasɩba nɛ pɩla pazɩ yem lɛ, pefezi-wɛ; ɛlɛ pa-taa lɛlʋ lɛ, ɛlabɩ kɩyakɩŋ naanza pɩlaʋ taa pʋcɔ nɛ pefezi-i!—Yohanɛɛsɩ 11:39-44.
Ɛsɔ sɔɔlaa kpem se ɛɖaɣnɩ labʋ mbʋ. Yehowa paɖɩɣ sɩm; pɩkɛ e-koyindu. (1 Kɔrɛntɩ 15:26) ‘Ɛñɩnɩɣ’ yaa ‘piselitiɣ-i’ se ɛwa koyindu ɛnʋ nɛ ɛtɩŋnɩ sɩɖaa fezuu yɔɔ nɛ ɛmʋʋzɩ sɩm. Piselitiɣ-i siŋŋ se efezi ɛyaa mba ɛwɛɛ nɛ ɛtɔzʋʋ pɔ-yɔɔ yɔ nɛ paɖaɣnɩ caɣʋ wezuu tɛtʋ yɔɔ.—Yɔb 14:14, 15.
MAƔZƖ TƆM TƲNƐ TƖ-YƆƆ
Ɛbɛ yɔ ɖɩkpadɩyɩɣ nɛ ɖɩsɩkɩ?
Bibl cosuu tɔm ndʋ tɩ-yɔɔ KIÐE TƐƐ TƆM 3:17-19 nɛ ROMA 5:12 taa.


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Tɩɩŋa
Tɩɩŋa kɛna ɛsɔtaa tomnasɩ nzɩ sɩwwɛɛ nɛ sɩnɩlɩzɩɣ yɔ. Tomnasɩ nzɩ sɩwɛ heliminaɣ tɩyɛ nɛ sɩwɛɛ heelim taa yem. Tɩɩnzɩ wɛ ndɩ ndɩ nɛ sɩkɩla ɖama paɣlɩka nɛ sɔsɔtʊ ɖɔɖɔ. Nasɩyɛ ñɛkɛ kɩpɩnzɩ ɛlɛ, sɩwɛ ñɩɩɩ nɛ sɩtaapaɣlɩ, nɛ lɛɛsɩ lɛ, sɩkɛ kɩfasɩ nɛ sɩ-taa nasɩyɛ paɣlɩ yaa sɩwɛɛ ñɩɩɩ yaa sɩkɛ cikpesi. Cikpesi nzɩ sɩ-taa kɛlɛ tɩnzɩ kʊlʊmasɩ.
Tɩɩnzɩ wɛ ɛzɩ ɛyaa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ: nasɩyɛ kɛ kɩsɛmasɩ kpaŋ kpaŋ, lɛɛsɩ kɛ yuulee, nasɩyɛ ñɛkɛ kʊlʊmasɩ layɩ layɩ nɛ lɛɛsɩ ɖɔɖɔ ñesidi. Tɩɩnzɩ tomnasɩ wɛtʊ ndʊ tɩlɩna sɩ-yʊŋ cɔlɔ yaa sɩ-tɛ feveku cɔlɔ. Nabʊyʊ taa lɛ, pɩlɩna sɩ-tɩ ̃nɔtinaʊ nɛ wɩsɩ yɔ pʊ-yɔɔ. Tɩɩnzɩ nzɩ sɩwɛ pɩlɩʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ-kʊ heelim taa se Hertzsprung-Rusell kanaɣ yɔ, nzɩ kɩlɩna ɖɔʊ nɛ tɩɩnzɩ nzɩ sɩmaɣmaɣ silukina si-miŋ yaa sɩ-mʊntʊsʊʊ pɩlɩɩna idrozɛɛnɩ ŋgʊ sɩkpakɩɣ nɛ sɩpɩsɩɣ eliyomi yɔ. Tɩɩnzɩ lɛɛsɩ lɛ, sɩmʊʊ sɩ-mʊntʊsʊʊ yaa si-miŋ kɛ lɛɛsɩ cɔlɔ. Wɩsɩ kɛna tɩɩŋa ŋga kɛ-miŋ kɩla ɖoŋ tɩɩnzɩ lɛɛsɩ payɩ yɔ. Pɩwɛ mbʊ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, ɛyʊ maɣzʊ ɛ-taa se tɩɩnzɩ nasɩyɛ kilimuu yaa sɩcɔʊ nɛ lɛɛsɩ lɛ, sɩwɛ si-ɖeɖe nɛ siituu sɩɩkɛʊ. Ɛlɛ, pɩtɛkɛ mbʊ. Tɩɩnzɩ tɩŋa wɛ sɩ-ɖeɖe nɛ sɩ-tʊkaɣ kɔyɔ se sɩkɩlɩ ɖama yuŋ, paɣlɩka nɛ feveku yaa miŋ yaa ñalamɩyɛ.
Ɖooo caanaʊ taa kɛ ɛyʊ kaasɩma tɩɩnzɩ wazaɣ: tɩɩnzɩ pɔcɔŋaɣna nɛ pɑlakɩ pa-tʊma naayɛ naayɛ kɛ pɩnaɣ taa, nɛ pasɩma ɖɔɖɔ se yee tɩɩŋa kanɛ yaa kanɛ pɔɖɔŋna nɛ pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se pʊnɛ yaa pʊnɛ. Tɩɩnzɩ taa ŋga paakɩla kpaɣʊ se tɩɩŋa sɔsɔɣa yɔ, ŋgaa lɛ tɩmbalʊʊ. Lɔŋ taa ɛyaa mba pataatɩlɩ se tɩɩŋa wɛʊ yɔ, kaatuu kaakɛʊ, paamaɣza se ɖoo taa yeke kɛ tɩɩnzɩ lɩʊ. Ɛyaa wɛʊ ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, paa ɛyʊ weyi ɛ na ɛ-tɩɩŋa. Patɩlɩɣ tɩɩŋa yɔɔ tɔm siŋŋ yɔ, pɩtakɩlɩ leɖuu: pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ 16 taa kɛ sɔdʊʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ se Giordano Bruno yɔ, ɛnʊ calɩna-tʊ naʊ kɛ mbʊ se tɩɩŋa eetuu kaakɛʊ nɛ pʊcɔ fayɩɩɩ pɩnaɣ 1814 taa Joseph von Fraunhofer tasɩ ñɩɣʊ niye se mbʊʊ pɩlaba. Tɩɩnzɩ wɛna hɩla ndɩ ndɩ nɛ paa hɩɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩna ɖɩ-tɔbʊʊ: tɩmbalʊ wɛɛ, kalimuuduu pee wɛɛ, nɛ cɛlɛm mɔ-nɔ wɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ.


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Kiŋgi Kewiyaɣ Kɩɖɛzaɣ (Dynastie Qing)
Kiŋgi kewiyaɣ kɩɖɛzaɣ (paɖanɩɣ-ɖɩ maʊ se Ch'ing yaa Siŋgi kewiyaɣ kɩɖɛzaɣ yaa Ciŋgi kewiyaaɣ kɩɖɛzaɣ, Siini kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ, 清朝,Pinyin taa lɛ, : qīng cháo, Wade taa lɛ, Ch'ing ch'ao, mandchou kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ, Daicing gurun , mongol kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ, MaHж ЧиH yлc, kɩ-tɛ nɛ mandchoue tɛ, kɩkɛ kpaagba kewiyaɣ kɩɖɛzaɣ Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa kpaɣna pɩnaɣ 1644 ŋtalɩ 1912. Kɛlɛza wayi wayi Han waa kewiyaɣ nɛ Miŋgi waa. Potula you nɛ Miŋgi ɛyaa pɩnaɣ 1644 pazɩtʊ caca mbʊ lɛ, pamʊ kewiyaɣ ɖɛfɛɛ ɖɛfɛɛ Siini kpeekpe taa. Pamʊ Pékin tɛtʊ pɩnaɣ 1644 nɛ pasɩ politiki kewiyaɣ kɩfalaɣ, Kiŋgi Sɔsɔ Ampiiri nɛ Siini wɛ pe-kewiyaɣ nesi tɛɛ.
Kpaɣɖʊ 19 hɛkʊ alɩwaatʊ naalɛ ndʊ taa, Kiŋgi Ampiiri tɔla, ɛlɛ, pɩlɩna ɖama hɛkɩŋ taa yoŋ pɩtɩŋna ajɛyɛ lɛɛna tɛ seɣee waa yɔɔ nɛ pɩtɛmna se Xinhai waa tɛ kpɛlɩ lɛɛzɩɣ tuza pe-kewiyaɣ nɛ piyele Siini ɛjaɖɛ pɩsɩ mbʊ ɖɩsɩna-ɖɩ sɔnɔ yɔɔ. Kiŋgi kewiyaɣ tɛma lɛɣla fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 12 ŋgʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 1912 taa, alɩwaatʊ ndʊ pɩ-wiyaʊ kpaagba ñɩnʊ kiza kewiyaɣ, mbʊ lɛ, ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ loɖo.
Kewiyaɣ kɩɖɛzaɣ kaañɔɔ ɛlɛ, pɩtɛkɛ Siini ɛyaa mba payaɣ-wɛ se Han waa yɔ tɩna kɛ-tɛ kiɖe. Ɛyaa mba pakɩlɩ ɖɔʊ Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa ɛlɛ, mandchous ɛyaa mba pɔdɔɖɔɔ halɩ nɛ sɔnɔ ɖa-evema ana a-taa yɔ mba tɩna ke-kiɖe. Mandchous ɛyaa kɛ Jurchens (女真) liɖe taa ɛyaa, pɩkɛ toungouse ɛyaa mba paawɛ egeetiye ndɩ ɖɩ-taa wɛ nɔnɔ kɛ Ruusi ɛjaɖɛ hɔɔlʊʊ tɛ ɛyaa tɛ nɛ Siini ɛjaɖɛ hɔɔlʊʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ se Heilongjiang yɔ kɩ-taa.
Nurhaci kaakɛ cejewiye cikpeɖe naɖɩyɛ tɛ wiyaʊ ndɩ Jurchen kɛ Jianzhou taa, kpaɣɖʊ 12 paɣzɩtʊ alɩwaatʊ. Vassal kiŋgi kewiyaɣ kɩɖɛzaɣ tɛ, nɛ ehiɣ tɔm kpaɣna pɩnaɣ 1582 taa nɛ mandchou cejewaɣ ndɩ ndɩ. Sɔɔjana yoŋ kɛ ɛyaa mba pɛ-hɛkɩŋ taa pɩsɩ kpɛlɩ ɛjaaɖɛ tɩŋga you, nɛ pʊpɔzʊʊ se pɛkpɛndɩ Jurchen nɛ Jianzhou cejewaɣ. Pɩnaɣ 1616 pazɩtʊ taa ca lɛ, Nurhaci kaawɛna kewiyaɣ ɖoŋ sakɩyɛ ɛjaɖɛ taa mbʊ lɛ, ɛ-maɣmaɣ ɛ-yaa ɛ-tɩ se Jin Sɔsɔʊ ñʊʊ tʊ ɛlɛ, ɛtɩɣzɩna Jurchen kɩbɩnʊʊ kewiyaɣ kɩɖɛzaɣ.
Pɩnaɣ 1635, Huang Taiji kpaɣ Mandchou hɩɖɛ nɛ kɩ-tɛ maʊ kpata nɛ ɛ-yaa na Jurchen samaɣ tɩŋga. Pɩnaɣ 1636 taa lɛ, alɩwaatʊ ndʊ Ejéi khan, Ligdan Khan, mongol sɔsɔʊ ñʊʊtʊ weyi ɛsɩba pɩteleɖi yɔ pɩyalʊ cɛlɛ-ɩ Yuan kewiyaɣ kɩɖɛzaɣ kɩɖaʊ ɖoŋ yɔ, Huang Taiji kpaɣ mandchou se Ɛjaɖɛ nɛ ɛ-yaa-ɖɩ se Kiŋgi Sɔsɔʊ, eyele Khan hɩɖɛ, wiyaʊ sɔsɔ tɛ ñɩnɖɛ.


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Fʊlʊyɔrɩ
Fʊlʊyɔrɩ kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 9 nɛ yʊsaɣ ñɩŋa yɔ F. Ɛkɛ kajalaɣ tʊ kɛ kɩlɔrɩ waa pɩlʊʊ taa. Tomnaɣ yem mʊna fʊlʊyɔrɩ waa naalɛ nɛ anasaayɩ yaa se dɩfʊlʊyɔrɩ (ɛ-taa nɛ pɩyʊ kɔtɩɩ waa F2), nɛ payaɣ-ɩ paa ɛzɩmta se fʊlʊyɔrɩ.
Paayɔɔdaa se Heirich Schwanhard lakaɣ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ fʊlʊyɔrɩ lɩm nɛ ɛtaɣ añɩɣlɩŋ yɔɔ. Pataka nɛ pana payɩ ɛzɩma palakɩ fʊlʊyɔrɩ ñɩmɩŋ lɩm lɛ, posusi-tʊ pɩnaɣ 1725. Ɛlɛ George Weygand susina-tʊ, Matthäus Paul cɔlɔ ɛmʊ-tʊ, ɛlɛ ñamʊ-tʊ Ɛnglɩsɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa ñɩɣlɩm tʊmɩyɛ tʊ nɔɔyʊ cɔlɔ. Pʊkɔma, pɩnaɣ 1768 alɩwaatʊ lɛ, Andreas Plarggrad ñɛkɛdɩ ɛzɩma pʊtʊ ɛnʊ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ nɔmɔʊ taa lɛ ɛlakɩ yɔ.
Andreas Marggrad tɔm kisuzu tʊ kpa ɛ-ñʊʊ taa mbʊ lɛ, Carl Scheele paɣzɩ kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 1771 alɩwaatʊ taa ñɩnʊʊ fʊlʊyɔrɩ tɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ lʊlʊʊ wɛtʊ, nɛ ɖɔɖɔ tazɩtʊ pɩlɩna ɛzɩma ɛnɛ ñɩmɩŋ lɩm naa pakatɩɣ dama lɛ mbʊ pɩlakɩ yɔ. Peeɖe ɛnaa se fʊlʊyɔrɩ kpaɣ añɩɣnʊʊ pɩtɩŋna ñɔsɩ nzɩ sɩlɩɣ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ poyozuu fʊlʊyɔrɩ nɛ sʊlɩfɩrɩkɩ ñɩmɩŋ lɩm nɛ pasazɩ mɩŋ kpaŋ yɔ. Palɩzɩ caajaasɩ nzɩ sɩwɛ pɩ-taa yɔ nɛ lɩm kɔyɔ pɩwɩlɩ se akalʊʊ pɩtɩŋna pɛkpɛndʊʊ amoniyaki yɔɔ. Ñɔsɩ nzɩ sɩ-nɛ lɩm pɛkpɛndʊʊ ɖama lɛ, pɩma paɣyɛ kʊlʊmɖɩyɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ panaɣ se pɩkɛ pɩcakpalɩmɩyɛ.
Fʊlɩyɔrɩ, yee ɛjaɖɛ taa soŋgaɣ nɛ ɛsɔkaɣ taa wɛtʊ ɛwɛ camɩyɛ kɔyɔ fʊlʊyɔrɩ pɩsɩɣ tomnaɣ pɩsɩɣ dɩfʊlʊyɔrɩ F2, pɩkɛ pɩyʊ kɔtɩɩ naa naalɛ, pɩwɛ fadʊdʊ, pɩ-taa wɛ sɔtʊ piŋ nɛ ɛwɛna pʊʊ tɛ ɖoŋ piŋ. Pʊcɔ ɛpɩzɩ eyoli lɛ, pɩpɔzʊʊ se pɩtalɩ -219°C nɛ wasɩɣ ɖeɖe kɔyɔ -188°C. Yee fʊlʊyɔrɩ etukina tomnaɣ ɖaa kɔyɔ pɩñakɩ, pʊtɔɔ pɩla heŋ tɔnʊʊ yɔɔ nɛ halɩ pɩtalɩ mɔɔ.


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Charles Darwin
Palʋla Charles Darwin lɛlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ 12 n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1809 taa Shrewsbury tɛtʋ taa Aŋgiletɛɛrɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛsɩba ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ 19 n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1882 taa Downe tɛtʋ taa, Aŋgiletɛɛrɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa.
Darwin kɛ Britaniiki tʋ. Ɛlaba wezuu lɛɣtʋ (Biologie) yɔ. Payaɣ ɛ-halʋ se Emma Wedgwood. Ɛ-pɩɣa hɩɖɛ lɛ George Darwin. E-koou kɛlɛ Francis Galton. Payaɣ ɛ-caa se Robert Darwin. E-ɖoo hɩɖɛ lɛ Susannah Wedgwood. Ɛ-cɔzɔ payaɣ se Erasmus Darwin.
Ɛ-takayɛsɩ[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Darwin ma takayɩsɩ nzɩ yɔ, sɩ-taa nasɩyɛ kɔyɔ :
- De l'origine des espèces (1859)
- La Filiation de l'homme et la sélection liée au sexe (1871)
- L'expression des émotions chez l'homme et les animaux (1872)


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Marco Polo
Marco Polo kɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ size Itaalii yɔ ɖɩ-taa pɩɣa yaa ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-tɛtʋ taa tʋ. Ɛkɛ abalʋ weyi ɛwɛna tandaʋ siŋŋ kɛ ɛ-tamaɣ tɛɛ yɔ. Salaŋ fenaɣ tɛ kɩyakʋ 15 n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye palʋla-ɩ pɩnaɣ 1254 n̄ɩŋga taa. Egeetiye yaa lone nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa palʋla-ɩ yɔ payaɣ size Venise kɛ Itaalii ɛjaɖɛ taa peeɖe.
Ɛsɩba kɔlaɣ fenaɣ taa kɛ efemiye nutozo (8) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye kɛ Itaalii ɛjaɖɛ taa peeɖe kɛ e-egeetiye kʋlʋlɩyɛ kʋɖʋmɖɩyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ size Venise yɔ, ɖɩ-taa peeɖe kɛ pɩnaɣ 1324 n̄ɩŋga taa. Ɛsɩkaɣ lɛ, ɛkawɛna pɩnzɩ hiŋ loɖo nɛ nakʋ mbɩ yɔ. Ɖajaa Marco Polo ɛnɛ, ɛkɛna tadɩyɛ tʋ yaa wendu pɛdɩyʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ kɛ Itaalii ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʋ taa. Ɛ-hɩɖɛ sɛwa nɛ ɖɩ-tɛ ɖɩkʋyɩ siŋŋ kɛ takayaɣ kanɛ kɔyɔ : Camɩyɛ samm labʋ takayaɣ (Livre des merveilles). Ɛn̄ɩnʋʋ tɔm pama takayaɣ kanɛ kan̄ʋʋ yɔ.
Takayaɣ kanɛ, ŋga sɩnana n̄ɩnɩyaa nɛ patɩlɩ Azii ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʋ anasaayɩ waa tɛ ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʋ sɔsɔ tʋ taa. Pʋyɔɔ peeɖe wabɩtʋ sɔsɔ tʋ lɩnaɣ ɖɔɖɔ kpem. Ɛ-caa payaɣ size Niccolò nɛ e-ekpele lɛ Maffeo. Ɛ-nawɛ pakʋyɩna nɛ pɛɖɛ powolo Azii ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʋ taa. Peeɖe, Marco polo nɛ ɛ-caanaa mba, paɖʋwaa lɩm kɛ Mɔŋgɔlɔ (mongol) ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʋ taa wiyao sɔsɔ ɖajaa Kubilai Khan.
Ɛlaba ɛwadɩyɛ cɔʋʋ kpɛɛɛ kilimuu tʋmɩyɛ pɩnzɩ nɛɛlɛ nɛ loɖo yaa hiu naalɛ nɛ loɖo. Ɛwɛna piya naadozo, sɩ-tɩŋga pɛlaa ɖeɖeke. Tovonum taa lɛ, ɛtɛkɛ anasaayɩ waa tɛ ɛjaɖɛ taa kɔɔnɔɔ tʋ yaa kajalaɣ pɩɣa ŋga kowoba yaa kɛn̄ɛlaɣ nɛ katalɩ Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa. Mbʋ yɔ, ɖajaa sɔsɔ Christophe Colomb kɛna kajalaɣ tʋ kɛ kedeŋa kpeekpe yɔɔ cɔyʋ. Ɛlɛ ɖajaa Marco polo tʋma kpaɖa pazɩ kɔɔnɔɔ yaa kajalaɣ tʋ ɛnɛ nɛ nʋmɔʋ woɖaa lalaa.


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Nicolas Copernique
Palʊla Nicolas Copernic kɛ lɛlaɣ fenaɣ 19 pɩnaɣ 1473 kɛ Toruń, Prusse royale (Royaume de Pɔlɔɔñɩ) tɛtʊ taa nɛ ɛsɩ agoza fenaɣ 24 pɩnaɣ 1543 kɛ Frombork, Prusse royale (Royaume de Pɔlɔɔñɩ) ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛkɛ Pɔlɔɔñɩ tʊ nɛ ɛkɛ ɖakʊta, chanoine nɛ astronome. Ɛnʊ ɛñɩnɩna nɛ ɛna se wɩsɩ wɛ sɩ-ɖeɖe nɛ sɩɩcɩɣdɩɣ ɛlɛ tɛtʊ cɔʊna-sɩ nɛ tɩtaŋ. Ndʊ ndʊ ɛñɩnaa nɛ ɛna yɔ, pɛɖɛyʊ-pʊkɛlɛʊ se révolution copernicienne.
Palʊla Nicolas Copernic kɛ lɛlaɣ fenaɣ 19 pɩnaɣ 1473 kɛ Hanséatique tɛtʊ taa kɛ Toruń egetiye taa. Ɛ-ñɩma wɛ ñɩm kamaɣ fɛyɩ. Payaɣ ɛ-caa se Nicolas nɛ ɛkɛ Cracovie tʊ. Powoba pɛwɛɛ Thorn tɛtʊ taa pɩtakɩlɩ leɖuu nɛ Pɔlɔɔñɩ mba paɣzɩ-wɛɛ kpacayʊ. E-ɖoo kɛ Silésia tʊ nɛ payaɣ-ɩ se Barbara Watzelrode (yaa Watzenrode). Copernic caa sɩba pɩnaɣ 1483 mbʊ yɔ nɛ e-egbele weyi payaɣ-ɩ se Lukas Watzelrode (yaa Lucas Watzenrode) yɔ; ɛlɛ kɛ Varmie tɛtʊ taa eevɛkɩ.
Pɩwayɩ kɛ ɛma takayasɩ sɩnɛ:
- Nicolaus Copernicus-Gesamtausgabe : 1974
- Kacalaɣ taa lɛ, De Revolutionibus : Faksimile des Manuskriptes ; hrsg. von Heribert M. Nobis. Hildesheim : A. Gerstenberg, 1974. (ISBN 978-3-8067-0331-3).
- Nabʊlɛ taa lɛ, De Revolutionibus libri sex [kritischer Text] ; hrsg. von Heribert Maria Nobis und Bernhard Sticker. Hildesheim : Gerstenberg, 1984. (ISBN 978-3-527-28326-2).
- Naputozo taa lɛ ɛma, Kommentar zu De revolutionibus ; hrsg. von Heribert Maria Nobis und Felix Schmeidel. Berlin : Akademie Verlag, 1998. (ISBN 978-3-05-003123-1).
- Pɩwayɩ kɛ ɛtasa maʊ, Opera minora ; hrsg. von Stefan Kirschner und Andreas Kühne. Berlin : Akademie Verlag, 1994. (ISBN 978-3-05-003498-0).
Copernic tʊma taa wɛ ɛyʊ lɛlʊ sɔɔlɩm[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
E-egbele ɛnʊ ewona-ɩ sukuli nɛ pɩnaɣ 1491 lɛ, ɛsʊʊ Cracovie sukuli kɩ-tɛzɩɣ taa nɛ ɛpaɣzɩ kpɛlɛkɩɣ mathématiques nɛ astronomie (quadrivium), droit nɛ trivium. Copernic pɩsa Pɔlɔɔñɩ lɛ, ɛwɛɛ e-egbele weyi ɛkɛ evɛkɩ yɔ ɛ-tɛ kɛ Lidzbark Warmiński. Ɛtɛŋgaɣ e-egbele ɛnʊ kɛ ɛtʊma sakɩyɛ taa nɛ ɛsɩɣ-ɩ ɖɔɖɔ ɛyaa sɔsɔwa cɔlɔ; ɛlɛ wokaɣ Pɔlɔɔñɩ wiyau cɔlɔ ɖɔŋɖɔŋ. Mbʊ yebina ne ɛpaɣzɩ wiyau ɛnʊ e-tomnaɣ taa alafiya yɔɔ cɔnaʊ. E-gbele Lukas Watzelrode sɩm wayɩu ɖɔdɖɔ mbʊ yɔ, ɛɛwɛɛ nɛ ɛcɔŋ na fadaanaa lalaa(ɛzɩ Maurice Ferber nɛ Johannes Dantiscus) tomnasɩ taa alafɩya yɔɔ cɔnaʊ.


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Ɛnduuyisim
Ɛnduuyism ŋgbɛyɛ, payaɣ-ɖɩ ɖɔɖɔ se "sanatadharma". "Maatɛŋ Paɣtʋ." Pɩtɛkɛ nɔɔyʋ lɩzɩna Ɛɛnduuyism ŋgbɛyɛ. Ɖɩfɛyɩna kpaaŋ. Ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩkɛ kɩbɩnɖɛ siŋŋ nɛ halɩ nɛ sɔnɔ ɖɩwɛɛ. Ɛyaa miiliyaarɩ kʋɖʋm wɛ Ɛɛnduuyism ŋgbɛyɛ taa. Kedeŋa yɔɔ cɩnɛ Krɩstianism nɛ Iizilaam pɛ-aŋgba wayɩ lɛ, Ɛɛnduuyism ŋgbɛyɛ kɩlɩna tɔyʋʋ. Ɛndɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa ɖɩn̄ɔɔ nɛ peeye ɖɔɖɔ ɖɩkɩlɩ tɔyʋʋ.
Mbʋ Ɛɛduuyism ŋgbɛyɛ wɛ ndɩ kpem nɛ aŋgba lɛɛna yɔɔ lɛ se ɖɩfɛyɩna nayaa ɖɩfɛyɩna "dogmes waa". Mba pɛwɛ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa yɔ, pɔtɔŋ se tɔm ndʋ pukuli tɩ-yɔɔ nɛ pɩwɩlɩ Ɛɛndɩ lɔnsɩŋɖaa yɔ, ti-ɖeke koŋ tɩ-yɔɔ pʋwɛɛ se ɛyʋ ɛɖɔ. Tɔm ndɩ ndɩ ndʋʋ pɛkpɛndaa nɛ payaɣ se "Veda". Pɔtɔŋ se "Veda" ɖeke koŋ wɛŋna ɖoŋ pɩtɩŋa payɩ pʋ-yɔɔ. Toovenim lɛ, payaɣʋ se Ɛɛnduu n̄ɩma, malɩŋ weyi ɛcalɩ wobuu Ɛɛndɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa yɔ ɛyana mba pɛwɛ Ɛɛdu kajalaŋa taa yɔɔ mbʋ. Ɛlɛ, ɛyʋ ɛn̄ɩna siŋŋ yɔ ɛnaɣ se mba payaɣ se "Indo-aryens waa yɔ, pɛ-Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ ndʋ payaɣ se "Vedique" yɔ, tɩ-yɔɔ pɩtɩŋnaa nɛ Ɛɛduuyism ŋgbɛyɛ n̄ɔ. "Indo-aryens waa" sʋ Ɛɛndɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ pɩla pɩnzɩ 1500 nɛ pʋcɔ palʋlʋʋ Yeesu Krɩstʋ. Ɛnduu waa tisuu ɛsɔnaa sakɩyɛ yɔɔ. Pɔ-cɔzɔnaa tɔm patɩŋɩɣ. Palakɩ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ sɩyɩnaa layaa lakʋʋ yɔ.
Halɩ pa-sɩyɩnaa latʋ taɣna ɛyʋ waɖɛ yɔɔ kadayʋʋ nɛ politiiki nɛ ɛzɩma mbʋ polu yaa pama wondu ndɩ ndɩ yɔ nɛ ɛsɔmɩnʋʋ tɛɛ pʋtʋnaa ndɩ ndɩ n̄ɩnʋʋ nʋmɔʋ taa nɛ ɛzɩma mbú ɛyʋ maɣzʋʋ nɛ wezuu caɣʋ mbʋ ɛyʋ cakɩ yɔ pʋ-tɔm taa nɛ ɖɔkɔtɔ tʋmɩyɛ taa.


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Irlandɩ nɛ hayɩ kiŋ
Irlandɩ nɛ hayʊ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ kɛna Erɔpʊ ilemiye taa tɛtʊ ndʊ payaɣ-tʊ Kewiyaɣ Kɩkpɛndaɣ yɔ ka-taa ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ. Ajɛya naayɛ nanza kpɛndɩna nɛ kaɖʊtɛtʊ ndʊ payaɣ-tʊ se Kewiyaɣ Kɩkpɛndaɣ yɔ.
Pɩnaɣ 2011 taa pakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ pana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 1 810 863 yɔ. Pamaza Irlandɩ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ 14 139 km2.
Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, ŋgʊ lɛ aŋgilisi ɛlɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖi-taa mba ñakɩ pana se pɛ-ɛjaɖɛ taa kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ payaɣ-kʊ se irilandɛɛ yɔ, kɩɖɛɛ nɛ ɛsɩndaa. Pɔyɔɔdʊ ɖɔɖɔ siiniwa nɛ polonɛɛ.


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Kpentɔɔyaɣ
Kpentɔɔyaɣ kɛna lakʊ taa kpɩnɛ nɖɩ ɖɩwɛ ɛzɩ kpoun yɔ, ɛlɛ ɖɩkɩla-kʊ paɣlʊ pazɩ. Paapɩzʊʊ pɛkpɛndɩ-kʊ tɛtɛ kpɩna nayɛ taa yem yem. Ɛlɛ papɩzʊʋ paɖʊ-kʊ kpayaa taa. Kpemtɔɔyasɩ wɛ ndɩ ndɩ. Nasɩyɛ sɛwa, lɛɛsɩ wɛ caʊʊʊ tɩyɛ. Keteŋa kpeekpe yɔ pakʊ kpentɔɔyasɩ nɛ sɩteŋ tɛm yɔɔ. Mbʊ labɩna nɛ wayɩ waƴɩ alɩwaatʊ tʊnɛ tɩtaa padaŋɩ kpentɔɔyasɩ kʊ yɔɔ. Eerɔpɩ taa kpentɔɔyasɩ wɛɛ nabʊlɛ taa: Ruusi ɛjaɖɛ taa nzɩ nɛ Sibeeriya nzɩ. Ameriki taa lɛ, kpentɔɔyasɩ nzɩ sɩwɛ yɔ, sɩwɛ yʊʊlaa nɛ panay-sɩ Kanadaa ɛjaɖɛ taa; payaɣ lɛsɩ se Ariktiki tɛ kpentɔɔyaɣ. Wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa kpentɔɔyasɩ wɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ. Kpentɔɔyasɩ nasɩ wɛɛ sɩsɩ sɛwa.
Pañɩma nɛ pana sɩze kpemtɔɔyasɩ tɩŋɛ fɛyɩ ɖeyiɖeyi. Sɩwɛ ndɩ ndɩ. Ɛɛndɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa ñɩnzɩ wɛ ndɩ nɛ Hɩmalayaa nzɩ.


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31
Lɑɣɑtʋ tɑsʋɣʋ kɛ wulɑʋ Lemuwɛlɩ
1 Lɑɣɑtʋ nti Mɑsɑ wulɑʋ Lemuwɛlɩ too tɑsɑ-ɩ tɔɣɔlɛ sɩ:
2 Mɑ pəyɑlʋ, nyɑ́ wei mɑ sələmɑɑ nɑ mɑ́ lʋlɩ tɔ ke ŋkpɑŋŋ. 3 Tɑɑ cɛlɑ nyɑ́ toŋ kɛ ɑlɑɑ. Pəyele tɑɑ hʋlɩ ɑlɑɑ mpɑ pɑ wɑkələɣɩ ɑwulɑɑ tɔɣɔ nyɑ́ mpɑɑŋ. 4 Pə tɑɣɑ ɑwulɑɑ təmlɛ ntɛ́ sɩ pɑ́ nyɔɔ sʋlʋm. Pəyele pə fɛɩ sɩ ɑwulumpiyɑ nɑ́ɑ́ pɛɛkɩ sʋlʋm toŋ nyəm. 5 Pə tɑɑ kɔɔ nɑ pɑ́ nyɔɔkɩ nɑ pɑ́ sɔɔ kiiŋ tɔɔ. Yɑɑ pɑ́ wɑkəlɩ kʋnyɔntʋnɑɑ mpɑ pɑ tɔm tewɑ tɔ. 6 Mpɑ sʋlʋm mʋnɑɑ tɔɣɔlɛ mpɑ pɑ cɑɑ səm tɔ, nɑ sɑləməlɑɑ. Yɑɑ lɑŋwɑkəllɛ sɔsɔɔlɛ nyə́mɑ, 7 nɑ pɑ́ sɔɔ pɑ wɑhɑlɑ nɑ pɑ kʋnyɔntɔɣɔlɛ tɔɔ. 8-9 Amɑ ye nyɑ́ ɩlɛ tɔɣɔ nyɑ́ kɑwulɑɣɑ nɑ siɣisuɣu, nɑ ń sɛɛnɑ kʋnyɔntʋnɑɑ, nɑ wɑhɑlɑ nyə́mɑ, nɑ mpɑ pɑ lɔwɑ tɔ, nɑ mpɑ pɑɑ pəsəɣɩ yɔɣɔtɑɣɑ tɔ, pɑ tɔɔ.
Alʋ kʋpɑŋ yɑɑsi
10 Wei ɩ́ hikɑ ɑlʋ kʋpɑŋ ɩ kəlɑ kɑcɔkɑ wontu.
11 Ɩ pɑɑlʋ wɛnɑ-ɩ nɑɑni kɛ́ nɑ ɩ́ tɑɣɑnəɣɩ ɩ wɛnɑʋ.
12 Kʋpɑntʋ kɛ ɩ ɑlʋ lɑkɩ-ɩ, ɩɩ lɑkɩ-ɩ kʋwəwɩɩtʋ hɑlənɑ ɩ səm.
13 Alʋ ɩnɩ ɩ pɛɛkəɣɩ kpoŋkpontu toŋ nyəntʋ kɛ́, nɑ heeŋ hʋntʋ nɑ ɩ́ lɑkɩ təmlɛ nɑ lɑŋhʋlʋmlɛ.
14 Pooluŋ kɛ ɑlʋ ɩnɩ ɩ kɔŋnɑ ɩ tɔɣɔnɑɣɑ, ɩsɩɩ tɑɑtəlɑɑ kpɩɩləŋ.
15 Tefemle kɛ ɩ́ kʋləɣɩ nɑ ɩ́ cɑləsɩ ɩ nyə́mɑ nɑ ɩ́ tɑlɑ-wɛɣɛ pɑ təmɑ.
16 Ɩ mɑɣɑsəɣɩ tɑɑlɛ tɔm ɩlɛnɑ ɩ́ yɑ-tɛ. Ɩlɛnɑ ɩ́ tuu lɛsɛŋnɑɑ tɩɩŋ nɑ liɣitee nnɑ ɩ hikɑɑ tɔ.
17 Alʋ ɩnɩ ɩ nikiɣi təmlɛ kɛ́ nɑ toŋ ɩɩ cɑkɩ yem.
18 Alʋ ɩnɩ ɩ nyəmɑ́ sɩ ɩ təmlɛ tɔŋ teu, nɑ pɑɑ ɑhoo ɩ mʋsəɣɩ fətəlɑ nɑ ɩ́ lɑkənɑ.
19 Ɩɩ cɑkɩ yem nɑ folofolo nɑ ɑkpɑɑ fɛɩ ɩ niŋ tɑɑ.
20 Alʋ ɩnɩ ɩ wɑɑsəɣɩ wɑhɑlɑ nyə́mɑ nɑ ɩ́ hɑɑkɩ kʋnyɔntʋnɑɑ.
21 Pɑɑ wɑtʋ tɑlɑɑ ɩɩ nəɣəsəɣɩ ɩ təyɑɣɑ nyə́mɑ tɔm. Mpi tɔ, ɩ təyɑɣɑ nyə́mɑ wɛnɑ wɑtʋ wontu kʋpɑntʋ kɛ́.
22 Alʋ ɩnɩ ɩ lʋʋkɩ ɩ təɣɩ kʋtɑkəŋ kɛ́, nɑ kpoŋkpontu toŋ nyəntʋ kʋsɛɛmtʋ wontu.
23 Ɩ pɑɑlʋ kɛ́ ɩcɑtɛ sɔsɑɑ tɑɑ tʋ wei ɩ nyʋɣʋ kʋlɑɑ tɔɣɔ. Mpɛ pɑ hʋʋkənɑ ɩcɑtɛ tɔm.
24 Ɩ lʋʋkɩ tɑmpɑlɑnɑɑ nɑ wontu kɛ́, nɑ ɩ́ pɛɛtəɣənɑ tɑɑtəlɑɑ.
25 Tomɑ nɑ nyʋɣʋ kʋlʋɣʋ kɛ ɩ suuwɑ ɩ tɔɔ, ɩɩ nəɣəsəɣɩ cele nyəntʋ.
26 Alʋ ɩnɩ ɩ yɔɣɔtəɣənɑ ləmɑɣɑsɛɛ kɛ́, nɑ ɩ́ tɑsəɣɩ lɑɣɑtʋ nɑ sɔɔlʋɣʋ.
27 Alʋ ɩnɩ ɩ feŋiɣi mpi pə lɑkɩ ɩ təyɑɣɑ tɑɑ tɔɣɔ, ɩɩ tɔkɩ felentu tɔɣɔnɑɣɑ.
28 Alʋ ɩnɩ ɩ piyɑ nɑ́ yɑɑkɩ-ɩ lɑŋhʋlʋmlɛ tʋ, nɑ ɩ pɑɑlʋ nɑ́ɑ́ pʋɣʋləɣɩ-ɩ sɩ:
29 Alɑɑ wɛɛ nɑ pɑ́ tɔŋ teu. Amɑ nyɑ́ tɛɛ pɑ tənɑ.
30 Tɔnʋɣʋ sotuɣu puɣusiɣi kɛ́, nɑ ɩsɛntɑɑ teu nɑ́ɑ́ sɑɑləɣɩ. Amɑ ɑlʋ wei ɩ nyɑŋnɑ Tɑcɑɑ tɔ ɩ tike ɩ mʋnnɑ sɑmtʋ.
31 Pə wɛɛ sɩ pɑ́ lɛɛtɩ-ɩ ɩ wɑhɑlɑ sote kɛ ɩ təmlɛ tɔɔ kɛ́.