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Sudaanɩ Hadɛ Kiŋ
Sudaanɩ Hadɛ Kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ kɛna Afrika nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ.
Ajɛya wena acɔ Sudaanɩ Hadɛ Kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ nɛ ata yɔ ana yɔ: Sudaanɩ Hayi Kiŋ, wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ, Etiyoopi, hadɛ kiŋ lɛ ajɛya naatozo: Keniiya, Ugandaa nɛ Kɔŋgo Kinsasa piyele nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ, Sentiraafriki ɛjaɖɛ.
Sudaanɩ Hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖi-taa pɔsɩ nasɩyɛ tɩŋuna nɛ sɩ-lɩm haɣ -ɖɩ mʊzʊŋ; ɛzɩ pɔɔ ŋga payaɣ se Niili Kɩhlʊmʊʊ pɔɔ yɔ.
Aloma fenaɣ naalɛ wiye pɩnaɣ 2015 taa Suudanɩ Hadɛ Kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-ñʊʊtʊ Salva Kiir maɣza ɛ-ñʊʊta sɩŋŋŋ nɛ ɛtɔ se pʊwɛɛ se pɛtɛyɩ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɛzɩ tindima 28 pɩtaakɛ hiu ɖeke mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, nabayɛ wɛɛ nɛ paahikiɣ mbʊ pʊpɔzaa yɔ. Ɛɛsɔɔla se paa hɔɔlʊʊ ŋgʊ lɛ kɩwɛɛna ɖɔŋ kɩ-tɩ yɔɔ nɛ kɩ-sɩndaa wobu nɔmɔʊ taa.
Ɛlɛ ɛ-lɩmazɩyɛ nɖɩ, ɖɩtacaɣna nabɩyɛ, pɩkɩlɩna kewiyaɣ tɛɛ cayʊʊ kɩpɩnʊ Riek Machar. Mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ mba pakaɖaɣ nɛ kewiyaɣ nɛ pɛkɛ ɛtɛlɛm waa yɔ pɩɩwɛɛ se pakpakɩɣ Suudanɩ hɔɔlɩɣʊ sɔsɔʊ naalɛ ñɩŋgʊ.
Pʊcɔ nɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩmʊʊ ɖɩ-tɩ wɛʊ kɛ hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ nakʊ pɩnaɣ 2011 lɛ, Caama ɛjaɖɛ kaatɛma-ɖɩ sɩm mbʊ kɩyakʊ litoozo wiye fenaɣ kʊɖʊɣ ŋga nɛ pɩnaɣ kʊɖʊmaɣ ŋga. Kpɩtaʊ kʊɖumʊʊ wayɩ lɛ, pʊtɔbʊʊ se hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ 14 pɩnaɣ 2011 lɛ, paɣtʊ lɩzɩyaa ñʊʊtʊ weyi payaɣ se Joseph Deiss yɔ, ɛyɔɔdɩ kaɣlaa se Suudaanɩ Hadɛ Kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩkɛ ɛjaɖɛ 193 ñɩnɖɛ kɛ kedeŋa kpeekpe ajɛya kɩkpɛndɩɣ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se ONU ŋgbeye yɔ.


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Sayɩnɩsmɩ
Sayɩnɩsmɩ (Jaïnisme) yaa sɩnɩsmɩ (Jinisme) (sanskrit kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ, जैनमतम्, IAST : jainamatam ɛlɩna Jina tɛ, nɛ pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se waɖʊ nɛ mata pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se lɩmaɣzɩyɛ, pɩkɛ Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ ŋgbɛyɛ naɖɩyɛ, ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ pʊwɛ ɛzɩ ɖɩñɔʊʊ kpaɣ kpaɣɖʊ 10 alɩwaatʊ yaa 9 alɩwaatʊ pʊcɔ palʊlɩ Yeesu Krɩstʊ yɔ. Ŋgbɛyɛ papɩzɩɣ pakalɩɣ ɖɩ-taa ɛyaa pɩtalɩ miliiyɔɔ naa hiu mbʊ yɔ kedeŋa kpeekpe taa, mʊyaa nɛ mantamʊta waa pisida yem, kɔzɩ kɔzɩ Ɛndɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa (Erɔpʊ taa lɛ patalɩ ɛyaa 30000 nɛ 100000 ñɛwɛɛ Etaazuunii ɛjaɖɛ taa).
Ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-tɛ ɛyaa lɩmaɣzɩyɛ kuɖum wɛ ɛzɩ Ɛndʊyɩsmɩ ŋgbɛyɛ tɩnaa ɖɔɖɔ yaa pudaa ɛyaa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ nɛ sɩkɩsmɩ tɛ mba yɔ, kɛlɛ se ɛyʊ weyi ɛmʊwa nɛ etisi yɔ pʊwɛ se eyele e-ciyam nɛ kɩhɛzɩ ɛtaawɛɛ fɛyɛɛ nɛ lɛlʊ tɛ wobu mbʊ payaa se moksha yaa nirvana. Palɩmaɣza taa lɛ ɖɩnɩɣ camɩyɛ kɔyɔ ɛyʊ wokʊʊ lɛlʊ tɛ pɩkɛ fɛyɛ tɔm mbʊ lɛ pʊwɛɛ se ɛyʊ ɛpazɩ ɛlɩzɩ ɛ-lɩmaɣzɩyɛ taa yɛlʊʊ nɛ lɛlʊ tɛ wobitu tɔm, mbʊ payaa se samsara, pɩlɩna ɛyʊ tɛ kɩbaɣzɩm cɔlɔ nɛ pɩ-taa kɛlɛ kakalaɣ taa ndʊ tɩtamsɩɣ tɩ-tɩ nɛ lɛɛtʊ yɔ lɛ, paale you ɛtaawɛɛ ndʊ payaa se ahimsâ, ñʊʊ taa maɣzʊʊ nɛ nɔɔ hɔkʊʊ kɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɛyaa mba pɛ-tɛ paɣtʊ.
Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-tɔm ɖɩyɔɔdʊʊ yɔ paɣza kpaɣ kpaɣɖʊ 10 kɛ Ɛndɩ ɛjaɖɛ ɛlɛ pʊcɔ ɖa-alɩwaatʊ tʊ nɛ yɔ, tɩ-nɔɔ ɖɛyʊ kʊyɔ wɩlɩyʊ Rishabhanatha patasɩ-ɩ yaʊʊ ɖɔɖɔ Adinâtha pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se kajalaɣ wɩlɩyʊ. Ɛŋ-ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩkpa ɖoŋ kpaɣ kpaɣɖʊ 6 alɩwaatʊ taa pʊcɔ palʊlɩ Yeesu Krɩstʊ pɩtɩŋna Mahâvîra, kpaagbaa tʊ Tirthankara.
Wɩlɩyaa lalaa mba pɛ-ɛsɛ cɛba ɖɔɖɔ nɛ paaɖɔŋaɣ paɣtʊ yɔɔ, ɖɔɖɔ nabayɛ kaakɛʊ Ɛndɩ sɩɣwaa kaawɛ ɛyaa mba pa-naalɛ hɛkʊ taa mba yɔ Ajita, Sambhava, Abhinandana,Sumati, Padmaprabha, Suparshava,Candraprabha,Suvidhi, Shhitala,Shreyamsa,Vasupujya,Vimala,Ananta, Dharma, Shanti, Kunthu, Ara, Malli, Munisuvrata, Nami, Nemi,Parshava.

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Lusakaaa
Luzakaa kɛŋna Sambii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ nɛ tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-walanzɩ landammm taa maɣna ɛzɩ ɛkɩtaarɩnaa 7 000 yaa kilomɛtanaa 70. Pɩnaɣ 2010 taa pakala kɩgalʊʊ; lɛ ɛyaa mba panaa yɔ pɛkpɛnda 1 742 979. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩwɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɛyaa hʊkʊʊ lɔŋ lɔŋ kɛ keteŋga kpeekpe taa yɔ.
Kʊnʊmɩŋ weyi pɔyɔɔdɩɣ Luzakaa tɛttʊ taa yɔ ɛnʊ lɛ aŋgilisi nɛ niyanja. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-taa kɛ Sambii komina kpelasi wɛɛ nɛ peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ tadɩyɛ kɩlʊʊ yabʊ. Luzakaaa tɛtʊ wɛ Sambii ɛjaɖɛ taa pʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-ñʊʊtaa wɛ landammm yɔ nɛ kɩ-hadɛ kiŋ. Pʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩkʊyɩmɩŋ taa wɛ ɛzɩ mɛtanaa 1 300 yɔ nɛ pɩwɛ Sambii ɛjaɖɛ habɛɛ ɖɩ-katɩyɛ taa; pɩkpaɣna hayʊ pitii pɩsɩɩna hadɛ, pɩkpaɣna wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ piwolo pɩtalɩ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ.
Ɛzɩ ajɛya lɛɛna taa tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ lɛɛtʊ yɔ, Luzakaaa tɛtʊ nɛ ajɛyaa naayɛ taa ñɩndʊ paɖʊ nɔɔ nɛ palakɩ tʊma kʊɖʊma nɛ anaa yɔ: Tʊsambee (Taajikisitani) ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1966 nɛ Lɔsɩ Anzelɛsɩ (Etaazuni) ɖooo agoza fenaɣ 7 pɩnaɣ 1968. Payaɣ Luzakaaa tɛtʊ yɔɔ cɔnɩyʊ kɩfalʊ se Stephen Chilatu.


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Paɣtʊ tɩlɩyʊ (Juriste)
Paɣtʊ tɩlɩyʊ kɛ tɔm ɖɩhʊyɛ taa lɔŋ sɩnɖʊʊ sɔsɔ yaa aseɣɖe lɔŋtʊ sɔsɔ. Ɛkɛ ɛyʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ taa wɛ lɔŋ kpayi kpayi yɔ yaa ɛyʊ siŋ paɣtʊ nɔmɔʊ taa yɔ. Ɛyaa cɔlɔ lɛ pɩwɛ kaɖɛ se pamazɩɣ se ɛkɛ ɛzɩ tɔm ɖɩhʊyɛ taa sɩnayʊ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ tʊmɩyɛ ndɩ ɖɩfɛyɩ kɩjɛyʊʊ alɩwaatʊ tɩŋga yɔɔ.
Ɖooo pɩnaɣ 2009 tɔm yɔkʊʊ kpaaŋ yaɣ tʊmɩyɛ ndɩ sɩnaʊ tʊmɩyɛ kɛ tɔm hʊyʊ cɔlɔ nɛ ɛjaɖɛ kewiyaɣ lɔŋ tasʊʊ taa ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1971 alɩwaatʊ taa ɖɩkɛ samaɣ tʊmɩyɛ sɩnayʊ tɔm ɖɩhʊyɛ kpaaŋ taa pɩlɩna tiyuu mbʊ peyekina-ɩ pɩtɩŋna Fransɩɩ tɔm hʊʊ paɣtʊ ndɩ ndɩ yɔɔ yɔ.
Pʊcɔ lɛ, pamaɣ ɛ-hɩɖɛ tɔm kʊjɔŋ kpaaŋ taa lɔŋ sɩnɖaa takayaɣ kɛ tɔm hʊʊ kpaaŋ nakʊyʊ taa. Tɔm hʊyʊ sɔsɔ lɩzɩɣna-ɩ se ɛkɔna ɛ-tambɔyɛ lɛɛtʊ tɔm kpɛlɛkʊʊ ɖeɖe. Pɩtɛ wɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-wɛ camɩyɛ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ pɩtɩŋga pɩɖɩna lɛɛzɩɣ.
Tɔm hʊyaa sɔsaa wɛna pɔjɔlɔ ɛyaa mba pasɩma lɔŋ yɔ camɩyɛ hɩlaa. Palaba-sɩ paa tɔm hʊʊ kpaaŋ ŋgʊ lɛ kɩ-taa nɛ pakalʊʊ ɛyaa mba palakɩ tʊma yɔ. Pʊcɔ ŋwɛ takayaɣ yɔɔ lɛ, pɩpɔzɩɣ se pasɩmɩŋ se ŋlakɩ tʊmɩyɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ ɖɔɖɔ ŋla takayasɩ se pɩwɩlɩɣ se ŋlʊkɩ se ŋhiɣ tʊmɩyɛ kɛ ɛjadɛ taa waɖɛ haʊ takayaɣ mʊyʊ cɔlɔ kpaaŋ sɔsɔʊ taa yaa ɛtʊmɩyɛ taa yaa ɛ-ɖɩɣa taa yee ɛtɛma wobu hɛzʊʊ kɔyɔ.
Mbʊ lɛ, ŋpɩzɩɣ ŋtɔ ñatɩ se ŋkɛ lɔŋ sɩnɖʊ tɔm kʊjɔŋ 5 taa. Mbʊ lɛ, tɔm hʊyʊ ɛtasɩɣ lɩzɩɣ lɔŋ sɩnɖʊ hɩla takayaɣ yɔɔ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ hɔɔlɩŋ lɛɛŋ tɛwɛda.
Kajalaɣ hɩɖɛ maʊ tɔm ɖɩhʊyɛ kpaaŋ takayaɣ yɔɔ kɛ pɩnzɩɣ naatozo tɛ aseɣɖe pɩyʊʊ siŋ. Tʊmɩyɛ kɛ lɔŋ sɩnɖʊ siŋ tɔm ɖɩhʊyɛ taa kɛ tʊmɩyɛ alɩwaatʊ tɩŋga ndʊ tɔm hʊyʊ sɔsɔ ɖʊ-ɩ yɔ. Lɔŋ tɩlɩyɛ nɩgbaŋgʊʊ hɔm nɔmɔʊ taa lɛ, lɔŋ tɩlɩyʊ tɔsɔɔlɩ se ɛnɩɣɩ hɔɔlɩŋ ɛ-tɔm ɛlɛ, yee tɔm yɔɔ ñɩnɩyʊ tɔm hʊyʊ ɛha-ɩ waɖɛ faɖɩɖɩ.
Hɔɔlɩŋ nɩɩyɛ taa pɩkɛ kɩjɛyʊʊ se ɛyʊ ɛnɩɩ samaɣ lɩmaɣza taa kɛ lɔŋ tɩlɩyɛ kediizasi nɛ yɔɔdasɩ nzɩ tɔm yɔɔ kandɩyaa yɔɔdʊʊ yɔ. Lɔŋ tɩlɩyʊʊ wɛʊ ɛ-tɩyɔɔ kɛ hɔɔlɩŋ ɛ-nʊ ɛ-sɩnda tɔbʊʊ se lonaa wena a-taa ɛkatɩɣ tɔm ndʊ pɩpɔzʊʊ se ɛɖʊ ɛ-nɔɔ yɔ. Mbʊ lɛ, lɔŋ tʊmɩyɛ tɔm ɖɩhʊyɛ tamʊna kɩyaakɩŋ tɩŋga lɔŋ tɩlɩyɛ laɣsɩ.
Paɣtʋ tɩlɩyaa sɔsaa[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
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Thérèse Lisieux tʋ
Palʊla Thérèse de Lisieux kɛ Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa egeetiye nɖi payaɣ-ɖɩ se Orini yɔ ɖɩ-taa kɛ kɔlaɣ fenaɣ naalɛ pɩnaɣ 1873 nɛ ɛsɩ ɛjaɖɛ nɖi ɖi-taa kɛ Lisieux salaŋ fenaɣ 30 pɩnaɣ 1897. Ɛkɛna cɔjɔkɛkpɛyaɣ nakayɩ kɛ Karmɛlɩ pɩlɩʊ taa. Payaɣ-ɩ nɛ hɩla ndɩ ndɩ: Marie-Françoise Thérèse Martin (ɛ-ɖɩɣa hɩɖɛ kɛlɛ), sœur Thérèse de l’Enfant-Jésus yaa Sainte-Face, sainte Thérèse de l’Enfant-Jésus yaa Thérèse cikpelu.
Palʊla Marie-Françoise-Thérèse Martin nɛ pɩla kɩyakɩŋ naalɛ lɛ, pacaŋ pɔsɔ-ɩ ɛsɔ-tɛ lɩm kɛ Ɛsɔ kpaaŋ ŋgʊ payaɣ-kʊ se Notre-Dame d'Alençon kpaaŋ taa. Ɛ-tɛ kpaŋkpamɩŋ kɔyɔ: Paul Boul nɛ ɛ-kɔ sɔsɔ Maria; patɩŋa paawɛna pɩnzɩ 13. Lakɩŋ fenaɣ taa, ɛlakaɣ fenasɩ naalɛ lɛ, ecoɖa sɩm nɛ ɛ-ñɩma kpaɣ-ɩ nɛ paɖʊzɩ halʊ nɔɔyʊ nesi tɛɛ nɛ ɛcɔŋna ɛ-yɔɔ. Ɛ-yɔɔ kɔma pɩcɛ nɛ pekpena-i ɛ-tɛ pɩnaɣ 1874 lɛ, ɛ-ñɩma taa la leleŋ pɩŋŋ. Ɛɛwɛ lɔŋ camɩyɛ ɛlɛ ɛwilaɣ yem yem.
Pɩɣa kɛnɛ kɛɛ mbʊ nɛ kana ka-ñama pɔɖɔŋ Ɛsɔ paɣtʊ yɔɔ wɩsɩ nɛ ɖoo. Ɛ-ñɩma sɔɔla ɛyaa tɩŋa pɩtakazɩ nɔɔyʊ. Thérèse paɣlɩʊ nɛ tisim kpaɣ ɖoŋ nɛ ɛñɩnɩɣ kpem se mbʊ ɛlakɩ yɔ pɩmʊna Yeesu. Efemiye naɖɩyɛ kpem lɛ, eheyi e-ɖoo se ɛsɩ mbʊ pʊ-yɔɔ yɔ ɛñɩnɩɣ se ewolo nɛ ɛhɛzɩ kopoyaɣ taa kɛ ɛsɔtaa. Mbʊ pʊ-yɔɔ yɔ, e-ɖoo kaawɛna hɩɖɛ kʊdɔŋ nɛ ɛkɩlɩɣ nɩʊ siziŋ. Ɛyaa sakɩyɛ kpaɣ Thérèse de Lisieux se ɛkɛna pa-mʊntʊsʊ nɛ pɔ-yɔɔ kandɩyʊ kɩpaɣlʊ cɔlɔ. Ɛpɩsa kiɖeɖeu yaa panaa se ɛkɛ kiɖeɖeu kɛ pɩnaɣ 1925 nɛ pakpaɣ-ɩ se ɛkɛna tiyu tɛ kiɖeɖeu ɛna Jeanne d'Arc.
Payaɣ Thérèse caa se Louis nɛ e-doo Louis Martin. E-ɖoo siba lɛ ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ naanza nɛ fenasɩ loɖo. Pɩɣa kɛnɛ kɔ-kɔɔnaa, Maria nɛ Paulina pɔɖɔkɩna-kɛ nɛ pakazɩ ɖama. Piteleɖi lɛ, pasʊʊ Karmɛlɩ de Lisieux nɛ peyele pɩɣa yeke. Mbʊ yebina nɛ pitɔzɩɣ-kɛ po-ɖoo sɩm wɩzasɩ. Kpaagba mbʊ lɛ, ɛ-sɔɔlɩm se ɛsʊʊ cɔjɔkɛkpɛyɩsɩ taa tɛzɩ kpaʊ ɖoŋ nɛ ɛɖɔ nɔmɔʊ kiɖeɖeu nakʊyʊ nɛ ewolo Room se ɛpɔzɩ nɔmɔʊ nɛ ɛsʊʊ Karmɛlɩ. Ɛzɩma ɛtaatalɩ se ɛsʊʊ peeɖe lɛ, Papa kizina-i. Ɛsʊwaɣ Karmɛlɩ lɛ, ɛɛwɛna pɩnsɩ 15. Pɩnzɩ nakʊ
wayɩ lɛ, ɛsɩbɩna kpeziwɩlaɣ.


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Cicéron
Cicéron kɛna Room tɛtʊ taa ɛyʊ nɔɔyʊ nɛ ɛkɛ takayɩsɩ mayʊ. Palʊla-ɩ pʊcɔ nɛ palʊlɩ Yesu nɛ pɩɩkɛ kɔlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ naatozo pɩnaɣ 106 kɛ Arpinum tɛtʊ taa Italii ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ ɛzɩ saŋgayɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ lʊbɛñɩŋgʊ pɩnaɣ 43. Ɛtaasɔɔlɩ sɔɔjɛtʊ ɛlɛ ɛsɔɔla nɔɔ leleŋ yaa ɖeu yɔɔdaɣ paɣtʊ wɩlɩʊ tʊmɩyɛ mbʊ yebina pɩnaɣ 63 taa palɩzɩ-ɩ tɔm yɔɔ cɔnɩyaa tʊmɩyɛ ñʊʊtʊ.
Ɛlaba tɔm tendiya sukuli nɛ ɛñaɣbana nɛ ɛɖɩzɩ Catilina lʊwaɣ pɛ-ɛjaɖɛ nima wena yɔ. Ɛ-lʊbɩyɛ nɖɩ nɛ ɛ-wabɩtʊ ndʊ tɩɖʊ-ɩ hɩɖɛ camɩyɛ ɛlɛ pɩnaɣ 58 taa lɛpɩpɩsa-ɩ tɔm mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ eyeba nɛ pakʊ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖi-nima lʊya nabayɩ yem nɛ patahʊna-wɛ tɔm se pʊcɔ. Pɩla mbʊ nɛ ese nɛ ɛɖʊ kʊyʊ ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ.
Ɛpɩsa ɛkɔɔ Room tɛtʊ taa pɩnaɣ 57 lɛ, pɩɩtasɩɣ-ɩ haʊ waɖɛ se ɛtasɩ komina tʊmɩyɛ sɔsɔyɛ naɖɩ labʊ. Pɩtɛ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ Pompée nɛ César pañazaɣna. Alɩwaatʊ nɖʊ you sɔsɔʊ nakʊyʊ lɩɩ nɛ samaɣ kpeekpe kpaɣ hɔzɩŋ ɖama yɔɔ. Mbʊ yebina pɩkɛna-ɩ kɩcɛyʊ se ɛna Pompée nɛ César paɖu taabalɩyɛ nɛ pʊcɔ ɛɖʊ ŋgbɛyɛ nɛ Octave nɛ ɛna Antoinɛ papɩsɩ haɣ nɛ kozoŋga. Peeɖe pɩlɩna nɛ pakʊyɩ pɩnaɣ 43.


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Pagidaadɩ
Pakidaadɩ kɛna Irakɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ sʊsɔtʊ nɛ tɩwalanzɩ taa makɩɣna ɛzɩ kɩlomɛmetanaa agbapa 1 134 yɔ. Pakalɩo ɛyaa kɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa pɩnaɣ 2012 lɛ, pɛwɛ ɛzɩ 10 710 350 yɔ nɛ kilomɛta kʊɖʊmʊʊ yɔɔ lɛ ɛyaa ɛzɩ 9 445 yɔ papɩzʊʊ nɛ pana.
Payaɣ Pakidaadɩ maalika yɔɔ cɔnɩyʊ se Zekra Alwach. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩwɛ Iirakɩɛjaɖɛ hɛkʊ taa nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa kiŋ nɛ lɩm pɔɔ ŋga payaɣ-kɛ se Tiiri yɔ kalɩɣna Turki lɛ, peeɖe kɛtɛzʊʊ na nɛ pʊcɔ kɩtalɩ kɩkpɛndɩ Efirati pɔɔ taa. Yeee pakpaɣ pakidaadi tɛtʊ tɩŋga payɩ kɔyɔ tɩ-taa ɛyaa ɖɛ ɛzɩ miloyɔɔnaa lʊbɛ yɔ.
Tɛtʊ ndʊ, tɩkɛ naalɛ ñɩnɖɛ kɛ ɛyaa ɖɔʊ taa kɛ Araabʊ ajɛya kpeekpe taa nɛ Mʊwayɛŋ-Oriyaŋ taa. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-taa ɛsɔtaa looɖaa, tataa ñɩna yaa sulukiŋ kpayɩsɩ ndɩ ndɩ tɩŋʊna. Kpaɣ ɛzɩ ɖooo pɩnaɣ 2008 nɛ sɔnɔɔ mbʊ yɔ Pagidaadɩ tɛtʊ kpeekpe taa you sʊsɔʊ nakƴʊ wɛɛ nɛkɩñamsʊʊ tɛtʊ ndʊ pɩlɩɩna you ŋgʊ kʊkʊ ñɛwɛ Iirakɩ ɛjaɖɛ kpeekpe taa yɔ kʊ yɔɔ.


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Siini
Siini ɛjaɖɛ wɛ Aazii nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ tɛtʋ taa. Toovenim lɛ, kewiisi naalɛ kpɛndɩna nɛ pɩkɛ Siini ɛjaɖɛ. Nzɩɩ yɔ : "République populaire de Chine" nɛ "République de Chine". Yee pɛtɛyɩ Siini ɛjaɖɛ tɔm mɩnʋʋ yɔ, "République populaire de Chine" cɔŋnana 99,6 hɔɔlʋʋ yɔɔ. Piyele "République de Chine" n̄ɔcɔŋnana Tayiwanɩ tɛtʋ yɔɔ. Siini ɛjaɖɛ walaa pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ, ɖɩkpaɣna Pasifiki teŋgu, Pamiiri nɛ Tiyanɩ Saanɩ pɔ-hɔɔlʋʋ taa nɛ Gobi kañɩnbʊsaɣ, Himalaya pʊŋ nɛ "péninsule indochinoise" pɔ-hɔɔlʋʋ taa. Kɩwala peeɖe kilimɛtanaa 9 677 009 nabʋlɛ taa. Pɩnaɣ 2010 taa lɛ, Siini samaɣ kɛcɛzɩ 1 350 miiliyɔɔ yɔɔ ("République populaire de Chine" ɖeke samaɣ cɛzɩ 1 330 miiliyɔɔ yɔɔ nɛ "République de Chine". samaɣ n̄ɛcɛzɩ 20 miiliyɔɔ yɔɔ). Kedeŋa yɔɔ cɩnɛ Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa ɛyaa kɩlɩna ɖɔʋ. Pɛtɛyɩ kedeŋa yɔɔ ɛyaa tɔm kagbaanzɩ taa yɔ, pɩsakɩɣ pazɩ se Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa ɛyaa ɛkɛ hɔɔlʋʋ kʋɖʋmʋʋ. Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa ɛyaa 139,5 caɣ kilimɛta kʋɖʋmʋʋ tɔm naalɛ taa yɔɔ.
N̄ɩnʋʋ lɛɣtʋ nɛ nesi tɛɛ tʋma labʋ pa-nʋmɔʋ taa lɛ, Siini ɛjaɖɛ kɩlɩna ɖɛʋ ɛsɩndaa. Ɛjaɖɛ ńɖɩ ɖɩn̄ɩnɩna nɛ ɖɩlɩzɩ n̄ɩɣyʋʋ ŋgʋ ɛyʋ ɛwɛ ɖoli, kɩ-ɛjɔʋ wɩlɩ-ɩ hayi kiŋ nɛ hadɛ kiŋ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ nɛ sɩ-ɖʋɖʋyɛ pɔ-hɔɔlɩŋ tɩŋa yɔ, ŋgʋʋ payaɣ se, buusɔɔlɩ. Ńɖɩ labɩna takayɩhayʋʋ, ńɖɩ lɩzɩna liidiye hatʋ, ńɖɩ labɩna tɔɔnaɣ ŋga payaɣ se "tɔɔnasɩ mʋtʋ" yaa "poudre à canon" yɔ. Ɛsɔ tɛɛ luŋuu nɛ kʋnʋmɩŋ taa tasʋʋ pa-nʋmɔʋ taa ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, Siini ɛjaɖɛ lɛɣzɩ Aasii nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ tɛtʋ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ.
Kedeŋa yɔɔ cɩna, Siini ɛjaɖɛ wɛ ajɛɛ sɔsɔna wena a-sɔnzɩ kɛwɛ ɖooo lɔŋ nɛ aɖɔkɩ sɔnzɩ ńzɩ kpam halɩ nɛ sɔnɔ yɔ. Ɖɩ-sɔnzɩ wɛʋ yɔ, pɩtalɩ ɛzɩ pɩnzɩ kudokiŋ kagbaanzɩ yɔ. Huang He kajalaŋa taa Siini sɔnzɩ n̄ɔwa. Peeye sɩkpaɣnaa nɛ sitiinɛ hadɛ kiŋ (pan̄ɩnaɣ mʋʋ Yangzi Jiang tɛtʋ nɛ hadɛ kiŋ Han kewiyaɣ alɩwaatʋ taa), sɩɖɛ ḿbʋ nɛ siwolo wɩsɩ ɖʋɖʋyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ taa, pan̄ɩnaɣ mʋʋ kajalaɣ ɖeɖe Aazii hɛkʋ taa hɔɔlɩŋ nɛ puwolo pɩtalɩ Teŋgu Kasɩpɩyɛɛnɩ. Pan̄ɩnaɣ mʋʋ ɖɔɖɔ Xinjiang nɛ Tibet. Sɩɖɛwa sɩkpa haŋ kiŋ hɔɔlʋʋ taa, Qing kewiyaɣ alɩwaatʋ taa. Ɛyɔɔdaɣ Mandchoue kʋnʋŋ. Ɛnʋ mʋna Mandchourie nɛ Mongolie pɛ-tɛtʋ nɛ tɩpɩsɩ Siini n̄ɩndʋ.
Ɛyʋ ɛcɔna Siini ɛjaɖɛ tɔm taa kɔyɔ, ɛnaɣ se, yoŋ kɛwɛ tam nɛ ɛpaŋ-ɖɩ cɩyʋʋ nɛ pʋcɔ ɖɩɖaɣnɩɣ kpɛndʋʋ kʋɖʋm. Tam nabʋlɛ taa agɔma nabɛyɛ mʋ Siini ɛjaɖɛ tɩŋɛ mpilim. Mongols waa kɛlɛɣna-ɖɩ mʋʋ nɛ paba wayɩ lɛ, Mandchous waa. Ɛlɛ, wayɩ wayɩ n̄ɩma panɛ pɔkɔma palakɩ Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa ɛyaa sɔnzɩ nɛ patɩŋɩɣna paba lɛɣtʋ nɛ pɔ-lɔŋsɩnɖɛ pɔ-yɔɔ nɛ peɖiyiɣ ɛjaɖɛ. Qing liɖe taa n̄ɩma tɔɣna wayɩ wayɩ kewiyaɣ. Pɔyɔɔdaɣ mandchoue kʋnʋŋ. Ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1644 taa pɔtɔɣ kewiyaɣ ŋ́ga. Alɩwaatʋ ndʋ hayi kiŋ ajɛɛ n̄ɩnaɣ se amʋ kedeŋa yɔɔ tɛtʋ lɛɛtʋ nɛ ɖoŋ nɛ tadɩyɛ you kɔɔ kɩlɩɩ yɔ, Siini tuzi Qing liɖe taa n̄ɩma kewiyaɣ nɛ kɔtɔlɩ. Siini ɛjaɖɛ wabʋ Japɔŋ sɔɔjanaa you sɔsɔʋ ŋgʋ kɩɩlɩ kedeŋa kpeekpe pɩnaɣ 1945 yɔ, ajɛɛ lɛɛna tatasɩ ɖʋʋ nɔɔ pɔ-tɔm taa.
Politiiki nʋmɔʋ taa lɛ, sɔnɔ kewiisi naalɛ ɖɔkɩna Siini ɛjaɖɛ. Nzɩɩ yɔ : "République populaire de Chine", nɖɩɩ payaɣ se, Siini ɛjaɖɛ. Ɛyaa mɩnʋʋ yɔɔ lɛ, ɖɩ-ɛyaa kpɛndɩ ɛyaa 98 nɛ pɛtɛyɩ Siini tɛtʋ tɔm mɩnʋʋ yɔ, ɖɩkpa 99,6 hɔɔlʋʋ tɩŋa. Ɖiyiyu Mao Zedong ɖʋna-ɖɩ pɩnaɣ 1949, Pékin tɛtʋ taa. Ɖiyiyu ɛnʋ, ɛ-lɩmaɣza kɛkɛ se, ɛjaɖɛ n̄ɩm ɛkɛ paa weyi ɛ-n̄ɩm. "Chine continentale" nɛ Hɔŋ Kɔŋ nɛ "Macao" pɛkpɛndɩna nɛ pɩkɛ Siini ɛjaɖɛ ńɖɩ. Ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1978 kɛ lɛɣzɩtʋ ndɩ ndɩ lɩ Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa. "Deng Xiaoping" nɛ ɛ-wayɩ n̄ɩma pɔkɔŋna lɛɣzɩtʋ ńdʋ. "PetroChina" pɩsɩ kedeŋa kpeekpe tɔsʋʋ nɛ liidiye kpou.
Piyele nɛ "République de Chine", ŋgʋʋ payaɣ se, Tayiwanɩ; kʋkʋ ɛyaa kɛɣ naalɛ ɖeke koŋ Siini ɛjaɖɛ ɛyaa mɩnʋʋ yɔɔ nɛ pɛtɛyɩ Siini ɛjaɖɛ tɔm mɩnʋʋ yɔ, kɩkpakɩɣ 0,4 hɔɔlaɣ. N̄ʋʋdʋ "Tchang Kaï" ɖiyiɣna Tayiwanɩ kewiyaɣ ɖooo pɩnzɩ sakɩyɛ yɔ. Nɛ ɖooo Siini ɛjaɖɛ wabʋ Saapɔɔ sɔɔjanaa yɔ, Tayiwanɩ tɛtʋ yɔɔ ɛcaɣa. "Sun Yat-sen ɖʋna kajalaɣ "République de Chine" "Pékin" tɛtʋ taa, pɩnaɣ 1912 n̄ɩŋa taa alɩwaatʋ ndʋ Qing kewiyaɣ tɔlaa yɔ.


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Saladin
Saladin yaa Ṣalāḥ ad-Dīn Yūsuf (arabɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ صلاح الدين يوسف) yaa Selahedînê Eyûbî (kurde kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ, سەلاحەدینی ئەییووبی) palʊla-ɩ Tikrit tɛtʊ taa pɩnaɣ 1138 nɛ ɛsɩ Tamasɩ tɛtʊ taa lakɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 4 pɩnaɣ 1193.[1] Ɛɛkɛ kajalaɣ ɛyʊ weyi eɖiya ayoubide kewiyaɣ kɩɖɛzaɣ ŋga kaawɛ Egipiti pɩnaɣ 1169 ŋtalɩ pɩnaɣ 1250 nɛ Sirii ɛjaɖɛ taa pɩnzɩ 1174 ŋtalɩ 1260. Ɛ-maɣmaɣ ediyi Egipiti pɩnaɣ 1169 ŋtalɩ 1193, Tamasɩ pɩnaɣ 1174 ŋtalɩ 1193 nɛ Alep pɩnaɣ 1183 ŋtalɩ 1193. Ɛ-hɩɖɛ an-Nāsir tɔbʊʊ se weyi ɛmʊʊ wabɩtʊ Ɛsɔ cɔlɔ yɔ nɛ Saladin tɔbʊʊ se Tisuu yɔɔ siɣsiɣ wɛtʊ.
Yûsuf, Ayyûb pɩɣa, palʊla-ɩ Tikrit Tigre yɔɔ ɛ-tɛ nɛ Kurde nɛ tɩmʊʊ liɖe kɔyɔ nɛ Dvin, Arménie kɩbɩnʊʊ. Patɩ lʊla-ɩ kpa lɛ, ɛ-ñɩma kʊyɩ Tikrit nɛ pɛɖɛɛ Zengi, atabeg Mossoul. Ɛyʊ ɛnɛyɔ ɛlɛ kpa-ɩ se ɛkɛ Baalbek komina ñʊʊ tʊ nɛ Shirkuh (Saladin ekpele) sɔɔja sɔsɔ ɛ-sɔɔjana taa.
Aloma fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 16 pɩnaɣ 1169, Franc sɔɔjana pɔnɔɔ ɖɛyʊ kɔyɔ Amaury 1 Jeruzalem ñɩnʊ kʊyɩ Ascalon nɛ ɛtalɩ Egipiti aloma fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 25 nɛ ɛtalɩna Byzantin mɛlɛna nɛ ɛdʊ mbʊ payɩ palakɩna you yɔ Damiette ɛsɩnda. Saladin maɣzɩ nɛ ɛtɔŋ se Kɛɛrɩ tɛtʊ tɔñɔɔzɩta tɩ-tɩ nɛ sɔndʊ kpaɣ-ɩ se ɛɛkʊyɩ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa nɛ ɛɖɛɛ you nɛ Damiette. Etiyina sɔɔjana nabɛyɛ nɛ pɔnɔɔ ɖɛyaa kɔyɔ e-ekpele Sihab al-Din Mahmoud nɛ e-kouu Taqi al-Din Omar.
Pɩkɔma pɩnaɣ 1174 alɩwaatʊ taa lɛ, Wɩsɩ Ɖɩlɩyɛ taa politiki tɔm saa mɩŋ nɛ pɩkɛdɩna Saladin. Jerusalem taa lɛ, wiyaʊ Amaury 1 sɩ nɛ eyele kewiyaɣ ɛjaɖɛ nɛ pɩɣa cikpelaɣ nakɛyɛ, Baudoun 4 ɛlɛ ñɛkɛ canaɣ. Kewiyaɣ pʊnʊyʊ Miles Plancy tʊ ñaakpakʊʊ paɣtʊ kɩbandʊ Egipiti yɔɔ kɛlɛ kewiyaɣ kʊyɩna-ɩ. Alep taa lɛ, Nur ad-Din ñeyebina kewiyaɣ nɛ pɩɣa As-Salih Ismail al-Malik, ɛlɛ Nur ad-Din tɛtʊ taa sɔɔjana agʊla kandʊʊ kewiyaɣ pɩnʊyʊtʊ yɔɔ, nɛ kouu nɔɔyʊ palɩzɩ ɛlɛ kewiyaɣ taa nɛ ɛlɛ ñakʊyʊ nɛ wɛ.
Pɩkɔma pɩnaɣ 1176 alɩwaatʊ taa lɛ, Saladin kpaɣ halʊ Ismat al-Dîn, ɛlɛ kaakɛ Damas Unur pɛlɔ nɛ ɛkɛ Nûr al-Dîn lelu politiki nesi ɖɔkʊʊ nasɩyɛ taa. Ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ pɩtalɩ ɛzɩ 40 mbʊ yɔ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ ɛɛtɛma walʊʊ Nûr al-Dîn pɩnaɣ 1147 nɛ ɛtapɩzɩ ɛtasɩ lʊlʊʊ pɩɣa nɛ Saladin. Ɛlɛ, paa mbʊ ɛnɛyʊ ɛɛsɔɔla-ɩ piŋ ɛzɩ ɛ-takayasɩ kɩmamasɩ nzɩ etiyana-ɩ yɔ sɩ-tʊzʊʊ yɔ, ŋgʊ pɩɩwɩɣa-ɩ Harrân tɛtʊ taa, nɛ ɖɔkɔtɔ naa la lɩmaɣza ɛzɩma paapɩzɩ nɛ peheyi-ɩ ɛ-halʊ sɩm tɔm yɔ (Ismat kaatɛma sɩbʊ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ pɩwɩɣa Saladin yɔ, nɛ peteheyi-ɩ pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩ fenasɩ naalɛ wayi pɩcɔ peyele ɛnɩɩ-tʊ).


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Takota Hadɛ Kiŋ
Takota nɛ hadɛ kiŋ kɛna Etaazunii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ cikpetʊ natʊyʊ. Nɛ Etazuunii ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ ajɛya cikpena naayɛ nɩɩnɩwa kpɛndɩna nɛ aɖʊ nɔɔ nɛ awɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ taa kpaɩ. Etaazunii tɔbʊʊ nɛ kabɩyɛ taa se ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ. Takota nɛ hadɛ kiŋ taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Pɩyɛɛrɩ nɛ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ yɔ ndʊ lɛ Sioux Falls.
Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩcɔ ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ nɛ tɩta yɔ ndʊ yɔ: Wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ Minezotaa nɛ Iyowa, wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa kiŋ lɛXiyominii nɛ Montana, hadɛ kiŋ lɛ Nebraskaa piyele nɛ hayʊ kiŋ lɛ Takota nɛ hayʊ kiŋ.
Pamaza Takota nɛ hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ taa lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ ɛzɩ 199 905 km2 nɛ ɖenɖe tɛtʊ ñabɩ wɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 196 735 km2 yɔ nɛ ɖenɖe lɩm ñɛwɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe ñɛwɛʊ ɛzɩ 3 173 km2 yɔ pʊtɔbʊʊ se pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 1,6 yɔ kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ. Ɛjaɖ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩkɛŋna 40 ñɩnɖɛ ɛyaa ɖɔʊ taa kɛ Etazuunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ kpeekpe taa.
Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɖɩ kɛŋna ɛjaɖɛ 40 ñɩnɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩsʊ Etaazunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊɣ ŋgbɛyɛ taa yɔ. Ɛlɛ pɩɩkɛ kamɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ naalɛ ŋgʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 1889. Pɩnaɣ 2010 taa paakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ paana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 814 180 yɔ.
Payaɣ Takota nɛ hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-ñʊʊdʊ se Dennis Daugaard (R) piyele nɛ komina ñʊndinaa kɔyɔ: Mike Rounds (R) nɛ John Thune (R). Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, ŋgʊ lɛ yɔ aŋgilisi.


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Izrɛɛlɩ
Izrɛɛlɩ (Hɛbra: יִשְׂרָאֵל; Arabɩɩ: إِسْرَائِيل) kɛna Prɔsɩ-Oriyaŋ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ. Izrɛɛlɩ ɛjaɖɛ mʊ ɖɩ-tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊ kɛ agoza fenaɣ hiu nɛ naanza pɩnaɣ 1948. Izrɛɛlɩ kɛna ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa paɣtʊ lɩzɩyaa wɛɛ yɔ nɛ ɖenɖe ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊtʊ lɩzɩɣna kewiyaɣ ñʊʊtʊ yɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa paɣtʊ lɩzɩyaa kpɛnda mɩnɩʊ nɛ nɛɛlɛ yaa mɩnʊʊ nɛ hiŋ naalɛ nɛ palɩzɩɣʊ-wɛ yɔ caca pɔtɔʊ tam kʊɖʊmbʊ nɛ palɩzɩ-wɛɛ. Payaɣ peeɖe paɣtʊ lɩzɩyaa se Kinesɛtɩwaa. Tɔm hʊyaa pɩlʊʊ taa lɛ, paba kpɛnda ɛyaa nakʊ.
Izrɛɛlɩ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Yeruzalɛm ɛlɛ tɛtʊ nɖʊ ajɛya lɛɛna taa fɛyɩ lelŋ se ndʊ ɛkɛna mbʊ nɛ pakpaɣ Tel Aviivi se tɛtʊ nɖʊ tɩ-taa kɛ palakɩ ketiizasɩ sɔsɔsɩ yaa kewiyaɣ tɛ politiki tɔm yaa tɔsʊʊ nɛ liidiye tɔm ketiisasɩ. Keteŋa kpeekpe taa payɩ lɛIzrɛɛlɩ ɛjaɖɛ ɖekɛ kɔŋ kɛŋna ɖenɖe Yuuɖaa mba kɩlɩ wɛʊ yɔ. Patalɩɣ ɛzɩ ɛyaa 75 kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ. Araabʊwaa ñamaɣna ɛzɩ nɛɛlɛ kɛ mɩʊ yɔɔ nɛ pa-taa lɛ ɛyaa ɛzɩ 91 kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔ kɛ malɩŋ.
Izrɛɛlɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa lɛ ɛyaa ɛzɩ naanza kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ tɛkɛ Arabʊ waa yaa Yuuɖa mba. Pɛkɛ krɩstʊ mba mba pɛkɛ Krɛkɩ mba yɔ, Arimeenii mba yaa Siirii mba yɔ. Ɖooo ɛzɩ Izrɛɛlɩ wɛʊ kɩ-tɩ yɔɔ kɛ pɩnaɣ 1948 yɔ, kɩtɛhɛzɩ: ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɛ wena acɔ-ɖɩ nɛ ata yɔ pɛwɛ yoŋ yɔɔ wɩsɩ nɛ ɖoo.
Egipiti nɛ Sɔɔrdaanii pañiɣ takayasɩ taa nesi se pataatasɩ you ɛlɛ Izrɛɛlɩ nɛ ajɛya lɛɛna ɛzɩ Siirii, Liibaŋ nɛ Palɛstiini pɛ-hɛkʊ taa yoŋ wɛ mbʊ. Keteŋa ajɛya sakɩyɛ wɛ nɛ aatisiɣ se Izrɛɛlɩ kɛna ɛjaɖɛ yeli nɛ a ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩfɛyɩ keteŋa kpeekpe ajɛya kɩkpɛndɩɣ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se ONU ŋgbɛyɛ yɔ ɖɩ-taa.


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Karolina Hayɩ Kiŋ
Karolina Hayɩ Kiŋ kɛna Etaazunii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ cikpetʊ natʊyʊ. Nɛ Etazuunii ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ ajɛya cikpena naayɛ nɩɩnɩwa kpɛndɩna nɛ aɖʊ nɔɔ nɛ awɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ taa kpayɩ. Etaazunii tɔbʊʊ nɛ kabɩyɛ taa se ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ.
Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩcɔ ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ nɛ tɩta yɔ ndʊ yɔ: Wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ Atɩlantiki lɩŋgamʊʊ, hadɛ kiŋ lɛ Zɔɔrzii nɛ Karolina Hadɛ Kiŋ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Ralee nɛ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɛyaa kɩla yɔ ndʊ lɛ Salɔtɩ. Pamaza Karolina Hadɛ Kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ taa lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ ɛzɩ 82 965 km2 nɛ ɖenɖe tɛtʊ ñabɩ wɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 78 051 km2 yɔ nɛ ɖenɖe lɩm ñɛwɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe ñɛwɛʊ ɛzɩ4 915 km2 yɔ pʊtɔbʊʊ se pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ looɖo yɔ kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ.
Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɖɩ kɛŋna ɛjaɖɛ 8 ñɩnɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩsʊ Etaazunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊɣ ŋgbɛyɛ taa yɔ. Ɛlɛ pɩɩkɛ agoza fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 23 ŋgʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 1788. Pɩnaɣ 2010 taa paakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ paana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 4 625 364 yɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩkɛŋna 24 ñɩnɖɛ ɛyaa ɖɔʊ taa kɛ Etazuunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ kpeekpe taa.
Payaɣ Karaolina Hadɛ Kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-ñʊʊdʊ seHenry McMaster piyele nɛ komina ñʊndinaa kɔyɔ: Lɩndsey Graham nɛ Tim Scott. Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, ŋgʊ lɛ yɔ aŋgilisi. Pamaza ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ taa lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ ɛzɩ 126 256 km2 nɛ ɖenɖe tɛtʊ ñabɩ wɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe pɩzʊʊ pɩtalɩ ɛzɩ 126 256 km2 yɔ nɛ ɖenɖe lɩm ñɛwɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe ñɛwɛʊ ɛzɩ 13 253 km2 yɔ pʊtɔbʊʊ se pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 9,5 yɔ kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ. Peeɖe tetʊ ndʊ tɩkɩla walanzɩ yɔ lɛ Saarlɔtɩ.
Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɖɩ kɛŋna ɛjaɖɛ 12 ñɩnɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩsʊ Etaazunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊɣ ŋgbɛyɛ taa yɔ. Ɛlɛ pɩɩkɛ kamɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 21 ŋgʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 1789. Pɩnaɣ 2017 taa paakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ paana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 10 273 419 yɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩkɛŋna 10 ñɩnɖɛ ɛyaa ɖɔʊ taa kɛ Etazuunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ kpeekpe taa.
Payaɣ Karolina Hayɩ Kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-ñʊʊdʊ se Roy Cooper piyele nɛ komina ñʊndinaa kɔnɩyaa kɔyɔ: Richard Burr nɛ Thom Tillis.
Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, ŋgʊ lɛ yɔ Eŋgilisi.


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Socrate
Socrate kɛna lɔnsɩnɖɛ kpɛlɛkɩyʊ sɔsɔ nɔɔɔyʊ kɛ ɖooo caanaʊ taa pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ V taa pʊcɔ palʊlʊʊ yesu. Palʊla-ɩ pɩnzɩ 470 nɛ 469 taa kɛ Alopɛsɩ nɛ ɛsɩ pɩnaɣ 399 Atɛnɩ tɛtʊ taa. Ɛ-lɩmaaɣzɩm sɔsɔm kɔyɔ: maɣzʊ ɖɔnɛ kpɛlɛkɩtʊ, sɔɔlɩm, ɖenɖe ɛyʊ lɩmaɣza lɩʊna yɔ, mukuu yɔɔdaɣ, tɩlɩtʊ nɛ ɛyʊ camɩyɛ lakasɩ.
Ñʊʊdaa lɔnsɩnɖɛ kpɛlɛkɩya mba paawɛna Socrate yɔɔ ɖoŋ yaa mba pɔ-tɔm kaakɩla-ɩ kɛdɩnaʊ yɔ, pa-taa kɔyɔ: Anaxagore de Clazomènes, Prodicos de Céos, Parménide. Piyele mba pɔ-yɔɔ ɛɛwɛna ɖoŋ yaa mba paakɩlɩ ɛ-tɔm sɔɔlʊʊ yɔ, papa yɔ: Platon, Aristote, Xénophon, Antisthène nɛ mba paasɔɔla ɛ-tɔm yɔ nɛ pɩkɩlɩna tuuɖe ajɛya taa lɔnsɩnɖɛ kpɛlɛkɩya.
Payaɣ Socrate caa se Sophronisque nɛ e-ɖoo kɔyɔ Phainarète. Ɛ-caa kaakɛ sɩʊkpelasɩ nɛ kaaŋ saɣyʊ piyele e-ɖoo ñaakɛ halɩlʊlʊsɩyʊ. Ɛ-ɖoo hɩɖɛ, Phénarète, ɖɩ-tɔbʊʊ se mbʊ pɩlɩzʊ camɩyɛlakasɩ nɛ nabayɩ tɔŋ se e-ɖoo hɩɖɛ nɖɩ nɛ ɛ-tʊmɩyɛ kɛna lubu tɔm ndʊ ppama se pɩwɩlɩ ndʊ Socrate kaayɔda pɩlŋa tɔm ndʊ ɛpɔzaɣ e-sukuli pɩya nɛ ɛmʊyʊsʊ-wɛ nɛ pamaɣmaɣ palɩzʊ ndʊ paasɩma nɛ paalɩzʊ-tʊ yɔ.
E-ɖoo kaatɛma walʊ nɛ pʊcɔ ɛwalʊ Socrate caa. Ɛɛwɛna walʊ kɩpɩnʊ cɔlɔ pɩɣa kʊɖʊmaɣ nɛpayaɣ-kɛ se Patroclès. Nabayɛ yɔɔdʊ se Sorate wɛna halaa naalɛ: Xanthippe nɛ Myrto nɛ pɩya naalɛ ɖɔɖɔ: Lamproclès nɛ Ménexène. Ɛlɛ Platon nɛ Xénophon yɔ, ɛwɛna halaa naalɛ ɛlɛ kacalaɣ ñɩnʊ, Xanthippe kɛ ɛwɛna pɩya naatozo: Lamproclès, kacalaɣ tʊ, Sophronisque nɛ Ménexène. Pɔyɔɔdʊʊ ɖɔɖɔ se piya evelesi hɛʊ Socrate tɛɛ yem nɛ ɛɛwɛna hɩmpatʊ kamaɣ fɛyɩ.
Platon yɔɔdʊ Socrate tɔm se ɛkɛna kʊñɔndʊ ɛlɛ Xénophon ñɛkpɛʊna-ɩ nɛ ɛtɔŋ se pɩtɛkɛ kʊñɔndʊtʊ ɛlɛ pɩlɩna ɖenɖe ɛpaafɛyɩna ñɩm yɔ. Ɛ-lɩmazɩyɛ sɔsɔyɛ kɛlɛ se ɛkpɛlɩ lɔnzɩnɖɛ. Ɛsʊ sɔɔjɛtʊ nɛ eyo you kɛ Peloponɛzi, Krɛsɩ nɛ hadɛ kiŋ tɛtʊ taa. Poyowa yoŋ ɩnʊ naŋgbanzɩ nɛ malɩfanaa mba pasʊkaɣ-wɛ yɔ, pɛwɛ yʊŋ hɛmmm. Pɩnzɩ 5 wayɩ kɛ panɩnaɣ se pakʊyɩ nɛ pɛcɛtɩ ɛ-yɔɔ kɛ tɔm sakɩyɛ. Kacalaɣ lɛ se ɛɛsɛʊ kewiyaɣ ɖʊ paɣtʊ se pɛsɛɛ ɛsɔ weyi yɔ.
Nabʊlɛ se ɛkɔŋna ɛsɔnaa kɩfama nɛ lɛɛtʊ kɛlɛ se epeezu evebiya nɛ pɛlaa nɛ patɩŋgʊ ɛ-wayɩ. Pɩɩkɛna lakɩŋ nɛ mɩsɩkʊm fenasɩ taa pɩnaɣ -399. Mba patɩna ɛyʊʊ taa ñaɖʊ ŋgʊ pɛkpɛnda 3: Anytos, Mélétos nɛ Lycon. Ɛ-tɔm hʊya kaawɛ 501 nɛ pa-taa 280 kaasɔɔla se paɖʊ-ɩ sɩm nɛ 221 ñekizina. Kacalaɣ cɛtɩm tɔm tʊnɛ, ɛzɩma Socrate kaawɛ nɛ eetisu ɛsɔ nɔɔyʊ yɔɔ yɔ, pʊyɔɔ.
Pɩla mbʊ nɛ paɖɩ-ɩ kpasɩ nɛ paɖʊ-ɩ salaka nɛ ɛla peeɖe fenaɣ. Evemiye talaa lɛ, pɛcɛlɛ-ɩ pɛtʊ yaa sɔtʊ, siigu nɛ ɛñʊʊ nɛ etizi fezu. Ɛñɔ sɔtʊ ndʊ kɛ Apollodore de Phalère, Criton nɛ ɛ-ɛyaa sɩmaa Critobule, Hermogène, Épigénès, Eschine, Antisthène, Ménexène, Ctésippos de Péanie nɛ nabayɩcabɩ pɛ-hɛkʊ taa. Socrate tisu se ɛsɩ sɩm mbʊ yɔ, ɛñanaa se ɛwɩlɩ se camɩyɛ lakasɩ kila weewee kɛ wesu.
Socrate


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Todoma
Todoma kɛna Tanzani ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ nɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-walanzɩ landammm taa maɣna kilomɛtanaa 2 576. Pɩnaɣ 2012 taa pakalɩ kɩkalʊ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa lɛ, pɛkpɛdɩ ɛyaa 410 956. Todoma wɛ Tanzani ɛjaɖɛ hɛkʊ taa ɖeyi ɖeyi nɛ peeɖe haɖaa hayʊ sona, tɔɔnasɩ nzɩ sɩ wɛ pee ndɩ ndɩ yɔ, anasayɩ kpaakpa wɛ ɖɔɖɔ pɩnɛ kɔfɩ, taba nɛ tii. Tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa mba pɔɖɔʊ ɖɔɖɛ ndɩ ndɩɛzɩ heŋ, pʊŋ, naŋ ɖɔɖɔ yɔ pɛwɛ.
Ɖooo lɛ, Tarɛsɩ-Salam kaakɛŋna Tanzani ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ nɛ pɩnaɣ 1970 kɛ komina pɩsɩna tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ ndʊ kɛ Todom ñɩndʊ taa. Pɩlaba mbʊ lɛ, pakpaɣ paɣtʊ lɩzɩya kpelaɣ nɛ powona-kɛ Todoma peeeɖe ɛlɛ tʊma sɔsɔna nayɩ ndɩ ndɩ wɛ ɖɔɖɔ Tarɛsɩ-Salam peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ mbʊ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ tɛtʊ natʊlɛ natʊyʊ kɩlɩna paɣlʊ nɛ ɖʊ lɛ Tarɛsɩ-Salam nɛ Urusa.
Todoma nɛ Tarɛsɩ-Salam pɛ-hɛkʊ taa lɛ kilomɛtanaa ɛzɩ 486 yɔ wɛna nɛ Todoma nɛ Urusa ɛlɛ kilomɛtanaa 441 ñɛwɛna. Todoma walanzɩ landammm taa maɣna kilomɛtanaa 2 669 nɛ ɖenɖe pɩkɛna tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ sɩŋŋŋ yɔ pɩwɛ ɛzɩ kilomɛtanaa 625 yɔ. Ɛzɩ tɛtʊ lɛɛtʊ taa ɖɔɖɔ yaa ɛzɩ hɔɔlɩŋ sakɩyɛ taa mbʊ yɔ, tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ lɛ halaa wɛ ɛzɩ 51,5 yɔ nɛ abalaa ñɛwɛɛ ɛzɩ 48,5 yɔ. Payaɣ tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-yɔɔ cɔnɩyʊ se ɖa-caa Francis Mazanda.
Todoma tɛtʊ nɛ ajɛya nayɩ taa tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ natʊyʊ nɩʊna ɖama nɛ alakɩ tʊma ndɩ ndɩ nɛ tɩ-taa kɔyɔ: Jaipur (Ɛɛndɩ), Paŋgii (Santrafriki) nɛ Watsa (Kɔŋgo Kinsasa).


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Rembrandt
Palʊla Rembrandt kɛ Leyidi Peeyiba ɛjaɖɛ taa kɛ hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 15 wiye pɩnaɣ 1606 yaa 1607 taa nɛ ɛsɩ aloma fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 4 pɩnaɣ 1669 kɛ Amstɛrɩdam tɛtʊ taa, ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 63. Palʊla-ɩ lɛ payayaɣ-ɩ se Rembrant Harmenszoon van Rijn. Rembrandt kɛ tɔlɩm tayʊ, saɣyʊ nɛ kɩlɛmɩŋ yaa anjaʊnaa lɩzɩyʊ. Ɛ-wɩlɩya sɔsaa taa nabayɩ kɔyɔ: Jacob van Swanenburgh, Pieter Lastman, Jan Lievens piyele e-sukuli pɩya lɛɛsɩ kɔyɔ: Ferdinand Bol, Gérard Dou, Willem Drost, Govaert Flinck, Carel Fabritius, Samuel van Hoogstraten, Nicolas Maes, Eeckhout.
Leyidi nɛ Amstɛrɩdam tɛtʊ taa kɛ ɛkɩlɩ labʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ. Payaɣ ɛ-caa se Harmen Gerritszoon van Rijn nɛ e-ɖoo kɔyɔ Neeltje Willemsdr Zuytbrouck. Rembrandt halʊ kɛ payaɣ se Saskia van Uylenburgh nɛ pɛwɛna pɩɣa kʊɖʊmaɣ nɛ ŋga yɔ Cornelia van Rijn. Rembrandt kɛna weyi ɛwɛ tɔlɩm taya taa sɔsɔ nɔɔyʊ kɛ ɛtɛ alɩwaatʊ taa pɩkɩlɩna tɔlɩm taʊ mbʊ pɩɖɩɩzʊʊ ɛyaa yem yɔ. Ɛnʊ kɛŋna ɖɔɖɔ Holandɩ sukuli taa tɔlɩm tayaa taa sɔsɔ nɔɔyʊ kɛ pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ XVII taa.


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Kpɩnɛ
Kpɩnɛ (latɛŋ kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ animalis pʊ-tɔbʊʊ wezuu tʊ), kɛ wezuu kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ tɛ, cɔlɩɩ cɔlɩtʊ wɛɛ taa pʊtʊ weyi ɛwɛna wezuu nɛ ɛtɔkɩ yɔ. Pɩwɛɛ mbʊ kpɩna ɖɔɔ piŋ nɛ paa ŋgbaɣ tiiye nɖɩ yɔ ŋnaɣ se naayɛ kpaɣ lɩ ɖama nɛ awɛ mbʊ com com. Kpɩna yɔɔ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ tʊ Paul Bert (pɩnzɩ 1833 ŋtalɩ 1886), lɩzɩna ɖooo kpaɣɖʊ 19 alɩwaatʊ taa nɛ ɛwɩlɩ mbʊ pɩwɛ kpɩnɛ taa yɔ. Kpɩnɛ wɛna lotu, ɛwɛna kifezinau, ɛwɛna hɩm hɩyaɣ, ɛwɛna calɩm ɖɔnɛ hola, ɛwɛna ñʊʊ. Ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ kpɩna lɛɛna yɔ paa kpɩnɛ nɖɩ ɖɩwɛna lɩm kɛtɛɖaɣ, helim nɛ tɔɔnaɣ.
Ɖooo pɩwɛ lɔŋ pɩlɩna wɛɛ cɔlɔ, ajɛyɛ wɛtʊ, sɔnzɩ nɛ kpɩnɛ kɛ mbʊ yɔ pʊtɔma kpaŋ kpɩnɛ yaa ɖɩɣa ñɩnɖɛ, kpɩnɛ nandʊ ñɩnɖɛ nɛ kpɩnɛ kɩtɩŋɩyɛ ɛzɩ haɣ mbʊ yɔ yaa lakʊ haɣ halɩ pɩkɔɔ pɩsɩna ɖɩɣa tʊŋ.Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ wɛʊ yɔ kpɩnɛ kɩɖɔɖɔyɛ wɛna tʊ nɛ ɛlɛ cɔŋna ɖɩ-yɔɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa peeɖe paɣtʊ takayaɣ taa pama se yee ɛyʊ ɛɖʊ nesi kpɩnɛ naɖɩyɛ yɔɔ yem nɛ ɛlabɩ-ɖɩ kpɛʊ kpɛʊ kɔyɔ pɔhɔŋ ɛ-naŋgbaŋʊʊ ɛzɩ patʊ pɔzʊʊ yɔ. Pɩkɔma pɩnaɣ 1976 lɛ, paɣtʊ yɔɔdʊʊ se kpɩnɛ wɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ ɛyʊ mbʊ yɔ lɛ pɩpɔzʊʊ se pɔcɔna ɖɩ-yɔɔ ɛzɩ paɣtʊ pɔzʊʊ yɔ.
Wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ ajɛyɛ taa lɛ Aristote ñɛtɛyɩ kedeŋa taa kpɩna hɔɔlɩŋ naalɛ pɩ nɛ tɩŋ. Lɩmaɣza ana a-taa ɖɩcɔna kɔyɔ kpɩna kaawɛʊ aawɛɛ se awazɩ ɛyʊ ɛnʊ weyi ñazɩɣ-yɛ yɔ kpaɣ patɩɩ lɩzɩɣ ɛjaɖɛ yɔ.


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Fenaɣ (alɩwaatʊ)
Fenaɣ kɛna alɩwaatʊ taa alɩwaayʊʊ nakʊyʊ nɛ nɛ kpɩtaŋ naanza lakɩna fenaɣ. Pʊtɔbʊʊ se yee kpɩtaŋ lʊbɛ ɛlakɩna kpɩtaʊ kɔyɔ, kpɩtaŋ naanza ñalakɩna fenaɣ kʊɖʊmaɣ. Kpɩtaŋ naanza lakɩna fenaɣ kʊɖʊmaɣ ɛlɛ, pɩtɛkɛ fenasi tɩŋa wɛŋna kɩyakɩŋ ɖeyi ɖeyi, nasɩyɛ wɛna kɩyakɩŋ 28 yaa 29, lɛɛsɩ taa lɛ kɩyakɩŋ 30 nɛ fenasɩ lɛɛsɩ ñɛwɛna kɩyakɩŋ 31. Yee pakalɩɣ lɛlaɣ fenaɣ taa kɩyakɩŋ kɔyɔ, nɩɩyɛ kpɛnda 28 nɛ lɛɛŋ ñɛwɛ kɩyakɩŋ 29.
Pɩnaɣ taa lɛ fenasɩ sakɩyɛ wɛɛ nɛ sɩkpɛnda hiu nɛ naalɛ. Yee kpɩtaŋ naanza ɛlakɩna fenaɣ nɛ fenasɩ hiu nɛ naalɛ ɛwɛna pɩnaɣ taa kɔyɔ, pʊtɔbʊʊ se pɩnaɣ taa lɛ kpɩtaŋ 52 wɛna. Papɩzʊʊ pɛtɛyɩ fenaɣ kɛ tɔm napudozo taa: kacalaɣ taa lɛ, kpaɣ kacalaɣ kɩyakʊ nɛ pɩsɩɩna kɩyakʊ hiu ŋgʊ, nabʊlɛ taa lɛ, kɩyakʊ hiu nɛ pɩsɩɩna kɩyakʊ nɛɛlɛ nɛ tozo taa lɛ kɩyakʊ nɛɛlɛ nɛ pɩtɛzɩna kpaagba kɩyakʊ kɛ fenaɣ taa pʊtɔbʊʊ se kɩyakʊ nɛɛlɛ nɛ lɩtoozo yaa nakʊ yaa hiŋ naatozo yaa naadozo nɛ kʊɖʊm.


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Telawɛɛrɩ
Tɛlawɛɛrɩ kɛna Etaazunii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ cikpetʊ natʊyʊ. Nɛ Etazuunii ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ ajɛya cikpena naayɛ nɩɩnɩwa kpɛndɩna nɛ aɖʊ nɔɔ nɛ awɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ taa kpaɩ. Etaazunii tɔbʊʊ nɛ kabɩyɛ taa se ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ. Tɛlawɛɛrɩ taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Toova nɛ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ yɔ ndʊ lɛ Wilmington.
Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩcɔ ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ nɛ tɩta yɔ ndʊ yɔ: Wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa nɛ hadɛ kiŋ taa lɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ payaɣ se Tɛlawɛɛrɩ yɔ tɩwɛna, wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa kiŋ lɛ Niwu Jɛrsii nɛ Atilantikii lɩŋgamʋʋ piyele nɛ hayʊ kiŋ lɛ Pensilivaanii.
Pamaza Tɛlawɛɛrɩ ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ taa lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ ɛzɩ 6 452 km2 nɛ ɖenɖe tɛtʊ ñabɩ wɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 5 068 km2 yɔ nɛ ɖenɖe lɩm ñɛwɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe ñɛwɛʊ ɛzɩ 1387 km2 yɔ pʊtɔbʊʊ se pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 21,50 yɔ kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩkɛŋna 45 ñɩnɖɛ ɛyaa ɖɔʊ taa kɛ Etazuunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ kpeekpe taa.
Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɖɩ kɛŋna ɛjaɖɛ kajalaɣ ñɩnɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩsʊ Etaazunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊɣ ŋgbɛyɛ taa yɔ. Ɛlɛ pɩɩkɛ saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ lʊbɛ nkʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 1787. Pɩnaɣ 2010 taa paakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ paana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 897 934 yɔ.
Payaɣ Tɛlawɛɛrɩ ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-ñʊʊdʊ se John Carney (D) piyele nɛ komina ñʊndinaa kɔyɔ: Christopher Coons (D) nɛ Thomas Carper (D).
Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, ŋgʊ lɛ yɔ aŋgilisi. Ɛlɛ siŋŋŋ taa lɛ, komina maɣmaɣ tatɩɩ hada nɔɔ camɩyɛ se Eŋgilisi kɛŋna kɩ-kʊnʊŋ.


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Tɛtɛ ɛzaɣtʋ
Palaba kedizaɣ sɔsaɣ nakɛyɛ Nuremberg tɛtʋ taa Sɔɔjanaa tɔm hʋʋ kʋjɔŋ taa pɩnaɣ 1945 taa. Nuremberg kɛ Franconie ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ. Lɔndrɩ tɛtʋ taa paalɩzɩ paɣtʋ natʋyʋ nɛ tɩha waɖɛ se pala kedizaɣ ŋ́ga. Londres kɛ Aŋglɩtɛɛrɩ ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ. Kedizaɣ ŋ́ga ka-taa pɔcɔnaa nɛ pana kɩdɛkɛdɩm yaa ɛzatʋ ndʋ ɛyʋ ɛlaba, pɔtɔŋ se ɛɖɛlɩsɩ niye yɔ. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se ɛzaɣtʋ ndʋ ɛlaba mbʋ yɔ, nɔɔyʋ ɛɛpɩzɩɣ ɛmaɣzɩ se ɛyʋ pɩzɩɣ ɛla-pʋ. Papɩzɩɣ payaa ɛzaɣtʋ ndʋ se tɛtɛ ɛzaɣtʋ.
Tɛtɛ ɛzaɣtʋ ńdʋ, tɩ-taa natʋyʋ kɔyɔ : ɛyʋ waɖɛ yɔɔ fɛyʋʋ, ɛyaa hɛkɩŋ taa tɛyɩtʋ, pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se, ɛyʋ kpakɩɣ ɛyaa nabɛyɛ se pakɩlɩ lɛlaa pɩlɩɩna pɔ-tɔnʋʋ tɔlɩm yɔɔ yɔ. Kedeŋa yɔɔ cɩnɛ anasaayɩnaa nabɛyɛ maɣzɩɣ se pakɩlɩ ɛyaa kɩkpɛdaa pɩ-tɩŋa pɩ-taa. Yee ḿbʋ, pʋtɔpɔzɩ se ɛyʋ kɩkpɛdʋ esidi pa-taa. Pɔtɔŋ se pʋwɛɛ se ɛyaa kɩkpɛdaa tʋma ɖɩlaɖɛ ɛwɛɛ hɔɔlʋʋ nɛ ḿba tʋma ɖɩlaɖɛ. Pɩ-tɛ lɩmaɣza yaa maɣzɩm ḿbʋ piiyebina nɛ you sɔsɔʋ nakʋyʋ wɛɛ Afrɩka hadɛ kiŋ taa anasaayɩnaa nɛ ɛyaa kɩkpɛdaa pɛ-hɛkʋ taa waasɩ nɛ waasɩ. Sɔsɔ, Nelson Mandela, pɩlaʋ tɔkɩ, hɩɖɛ ɛɛsɔʋ, Ɛsɔ ɛsɩɩ-ɩ ɖɩbanɖɛ. Ɖajaa ɛnʋ ɛlʋbɩna siŋŋ pɩnzɩ nɛ pɩnzɩ nɛ anasaayɩnaa nɛ ɛyaa kɩkpɛdaa pɛ-hɛkʋ taa tɩyɩtʋ ńdʋ tɩsɩɩ tɩnaɣ Afrɩka nɛ hadɛ kiŋ taa.
Tɛtɛ ɛzaɣtʋ lɛɛtʋ yɔ : ɛyaa kʋʋ kelima kɩsɩkʋ tɩyɛ nɛ ɛyaa lɛlaa pɩsʋʋ yomaa nɛ ɛyaa lɛlaa tɛtʋ kɛzʋʋ nɛ ɛyaa lɛlaa nuutuu kadatayaɣ nɛ halɩpiya cikpesi sʋnaʋ nɛ salaka tɩnaa yɔɔ sɔʋ, pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se peyekuu nabɛyɛ salakanaa taa nɛ pɩkɩlɩɣ leɖuu yɔ.
Pɩnaɣ 1998 ñɩŋa taa patʋlɩ kedeŋa kpeekpe tɔm hʋʋ kʋjɔŋ nɔnɔsɩ. Kedeŋa kpeekpe ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se Etaazuunii yɔ, ɖɩlʋbɩna siŋŋ nɛ pɩla se pasɩ kedeŋa kpeekpe tɔm hʋʋ kʋjɔŋ tigiɖe. Sɔnɔdaa kedeŋa kpeekpe tɔm hʋʋ kʋjɔŋ wɛna ɖoŋ ajɛya 110 yɔɔ, pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se Tɔm hʋʋ kʋjɔŋ ŋ́gʋ, kʋhʋʋ ajɛya ana a-tɛtɛ ɛzaɣtʋ laɖaa tɔm.
Pɩɩwɛɛ se kedeŋa kpeekpe tɔm hʋʋ kʋjɔŋ ɛwɛɛna ɖoŋ ajɛya kpeekpe wena awɛ ONU ŋgbɛyɛ taa yɔ, a-tɩŋa a-yɔɔ. Ɛlɛ, pɩtɛkɛ ajɛya wena awɛ ONU ŋgbɛyɛ taa yɔ a-tɩŋa atisina nɛ añɩɣ nesi kedeŋa kpeekpe tɔm hʋʋ kʋjɔŋ paɣtʋ yɔɔ.
Ajɛya wena awɛ ONU ŋgbɛyɛ taa yɔ, akpɛndɩ 192. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se ajɛya 82 tetisi añɩɣ nesi. Etazuunii ɛjaɖɛ wɛ ajɛya wena akizaa se aañɩkɩɣ nesi kpedeŋa kpeekpe tɔm hʋʋ kʋjɔŋ paɣtʋ yɔɔ yɔ, a-taa.
Kedeŋa kpeekpe tɔm hʋʋ kʋjɔŋ ɖeke koŋ pɩzɩɣna nɛ kʋhʋʋ tɛtɛ ɛzaɣtʋ laɖaa tɔm nɛ kɩhɔ pa-naŋgbaaŋ ɛzɩ tɔm hʋʋ kʋjɔŋ paɣtʋ pɔzʋʋ yɔ.


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Ɩyɔdɩ
Ɩyɔdɩ kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 53 nɛ yʊsaɣ ñɩŋa yɔ I. Ɛ nɛ kɩlɔrɩ waa po-lone ɖoli kʊyʊm. Pʊtʊ ɛnʊ ɛtɔtɔyɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa yem, nɛ ɛkɛ 47 tʊ tɛtʊ pɔɔɖɛ taa. Ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ kɩlɔrɩ wondu lɛɛtʊ yɔ pana-ɩ lɛ ɛwɛ ɛzɩ kɔtɩɩ waa naalɛ yɔ I2 kɛlɛ paya-ɩ se ɩyɔdɩ naalɛ tʊ, ɛkɛ ñɩɣlɩm pɩyʊ caʊʊ, fefeku ñɔsɩ wɛ yuulee cɛzʊʊ sɛmɩŋ.
Ɛ-hɩɖɛ lɩna krɛkɩ kʊnʊŋ taa se ἰώδnς nɛ pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se yuulee cɛzʊʊ sɛmɩŋ. Gay-Lussac yana-ɩ hɩɖɛ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkɩyʊ Bernard Courtois lɩ pʊtʊ ɛnʊ ɛ-yɔɔ pɩnaɣ 1811 yɔ pɩtɩŋna ɛlakaɣ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ aɖɔnɖɛlɛɛ lɩm mbʊ palakaɣ-pʊ nɛ kaŋwa siziŋ ɖɔm napoleon yoŋ alɩwaatʊ taa yɔ.
Ɛyʊ yaa tɛtɛ kpɩnɛ hɔɔlʊʊ taa mbʊ yɔ, ɩyɔdɩ ɛkɩlɩ ɖɔʊ yaa kɩtɔɖɔɔ kɔyɔ pɩkɔŋna kʊdɔmɩŋ kaɖɛ ñɩŋ sakɩyɛ. Yee ɩyɔɔdɩ ɛfɛyɩ tomnaɣ taa kɔyɔ ɛyʊ ɛɛpaɣlʊʊ, mbʊ tɩyʊʊna ɖɔɖɔ ɛyʊ liu tɛɛ lakɩɣ koŋgo yɔ. Pɩkɔŋna ɖɔɖɔ ɛyʊ ñʊʊ taa sidiɣ sidiɣ tɔm, tɔm ndʊ panaɣ-tʊ kɔzɩ kɔzɩ ɛyaa mba pɛ-tɛ wɛ pʊŋ ñʊŋ taa yɔ nɛ poposina teŋgiŋ yɔ.
Kiɖe tɛɛ lɛ, ɩyɔdɩ waa naalɛ yeke palaba nɛ pɛpɛdɩɣ. Kalɩsɩ (caliche) Siili ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ somuuri weyi ɛ-taa wɛ ɩyɔdɩ yɔ karasɩm hayɩm naa taa nɛ fefekiŋ taa kɔzɩ kɔzɩ Sapɔŋ nɛ Etaazuunii ajɛyɛ taa. Ɩyɔdɩ kɛ ñɩɣlɩm pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-tɔm wɛ kɩjɛyɩɣ ɛyʊ fezuu labʊ taa yɔ. Ɛyʊ sɔsɔ tɛ mbʊ yɔ evemiye kʊyʊmɖɩyɛ pɩpɔzʊʊ se ɛtalɩ ɛ-taa 150 µg kɔzɩ kɔzɩ halaa hɔsɩ tɩnaa (200 à 290 ug). Ɛ-tʊmɩyɛ koŋ kɛlɛ se ɛla hɔkʊʊ seɣtiyaa, pa-taa kɛlɛ hɔkʊʊ ŋgʊ. Paɖʊ-ɩ ɖɔm kɩtɔɔm taa, nabʊyʊ taa naalɩm taa Ɛnglɩsɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa.


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Kalɩfɔrnɩyɔm
Kalɩfɔrnɩyɔm, ɛ-tɛ yʊsaɣ mayaɣ kɔyɔ Cf, ɛkɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 98. Ɛkɛ pʊtʊ weyi poluba-ɩ kulubu yɔ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ ɛ-tɛ yʊsaɣ mayaɣ wɩlɩɣ-ɖʊ yɔ, ɛ-tɛ nɛ akɩtɩnɩdɩ tɛ kiŋ, ɛtɔʊʊ cɛnzɩ nɛ palaba-ɩ kɩlabʊ. E-tomnaɣ kɛ ñɩɣlɩm pɩyʊ yee ɛjaɖɛ taa sɔŋaɣ nɛ ɛsɔkaɣ taa sɔŋaɣ ɛwɛ camɩyɛ kɔyɔ.
Palakɩ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ kalɩfɔrnɩyɔm nɛ pɔyɔkʊʊna heɣlim ñɔʊʊ tɛ tuyuu ñɩɣyɩŋ, miŋ saʊʊ tɛ tʊma sɔsɔna taa nɛ somtu tʊma ɖɩlaɖɛ taa, X cɛnzɩ tɛ kɔyɛ ɖɩlaɖɛ tʊma taa nɛ ɖɔɖɔ karasɩm ñɩɣnɩɣ nɔmɔŋ taa.
Kalɩfɔrnɩyɔm kɛ pʊtʊnaa kɩlabaa mba pa-ñʊŋ masɩ cɛza mayaɣ 92 yɔɔ taa loɖo tʊ weyi poluba-ɩ kulubu ɖɔɖɔ yɔ. Palaba-ɩ kajalaɣ ɖeɖe pɩnaɣ 1950 pɩtɩŋna ɛyaa pa nɛ yɔ Stanley G. Thompson, Glenn T. Seaborg, Kenneth Street, Jr. (en), nɛ Albert Ghiorso kɛ Berkeley, Kalifornie tɛtʊ taa, mbʊ yɔɔ paya-ɩ hɩɖɛ nɖɩ. Pehiyi-ɩ lɛ panaza kɩnazʊʊ kʊrɩyɔm 242 pɩtɩŋna alɩfaa pɩyʊ kɔtɩɩ waa yɔɔ.
Papɩzɩɣ pana kalɩfɔrnɩyɔm ɖenɖe naa pʊñɔtɩna wondu ndʊ tɩlakɩna tʊmɩyɛ nɛ pʊtʊ ɛnʊ ɛzɩ pañɩnɩnaʊ tɛtɛɛ ñɩm nɛ ɖɩfɛɖɛ tɛ wondu ɖɔɖɔ yɔ. Pʊtʊ ɛnʊ ɛɛyɔɔlʊʊ lɩm kpa, kɛlɛ ɛsɔɔlɩ tɛtʊ maɣmaɣ taa wɛʊ.


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Ugandaa
Ugandaa kɛna Afrika nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ.Ajɛya wena acɔ-ɖɩ nɛ ataa yɔ anaa yɔ: Koŋgoo, Keniya, Ruwandaa, Suudanɩ Hadɛ Kiŋ ñɩŋʊ nɛ Tanzani. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɛ ɖɩ-hadɛ kiŋ payɩ lɛ Fikitoriya Kujomuu ɖeke wɛna. Peeɖe tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ nɛ ndʊ tɩkɩlɩ yʊŋ yɔ ndʊ lɛ Kampala.
Ugandaa wɛ Afrika nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa ɖenɖe yɔ pʊŋ wɛ kpem nɛ peeɖe pʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩkɩlɩ kʊyʊʊ yɔ kɩtalɩɣ; ezɩ mɛtanaa 1 100 mbʊ yɔ.
Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-hɛkʊ nɛ hɛkʊ lɛ Turikaana lɩŋgamʊʊ wɛna nɛ fɛɛŋ ndɩ ndɩ ɖɔɣa. Ugandaa hɔɔlɩŋ sakɩyɛ wɛɛ nɛ Niili lɩm ɖɩfalɩyɛ taa. Niili Pɔɔ lɩɣna Fikitoriya Kujomuu nɛ kiwolo kɩkpɛndɩ Kiyokaa lɩŋgamʊʊ taa pʊcɔ kɩtalɩ Alɩbɛrɩ ñɩŋgʊ taa kɛ Koŋo Kinsasa tɛtʊ taa.
Ugandaa walanzɩ taa makɩɣna 241 038 km2 yaa ɛzɩ Kewiyaɣ-Kpɛndɩɣ ɛjaɖɛe yɔ.
Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛtɛɛ ñɩm nabʊyʊ wɛɛ nɛ nɔɔyʊ tatɩɩ paɣzta-pʊ huyuu; mbʊ lɛ: Kwivri nɛ koobalɩtɩ.


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Tɛnɛsɩ
Tɛnɛsɩ, nabʊyʊ pya-ɩ nɛ ɛ-tɛ Ɛnglɩsɩ hɩɖɛ mbʊ se tennessine, kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 117 nɛ yʊsaɣ ñɩŋa yɔ Ts. Ɛ nɛ ʊnʊnsɛpɩtɩyɔm (Uus) palɩ ɖama kɛ IUPAC yatʊ taa, nɛ patasɩ-ɩ yaʊ ɖɔɖɔ se pʊtʊ 117 matʊ paɣtʊ taa. Palaba-ɩ kajalaɣ ɖeɖe kɔlaɣ fenaɣ taa pɩnaɣ 2010 kɛlɛ pesida-ɩ nɛ 249Bk(48Ca,3n)294Ts et 249Bk(48Ca,4n)293Ts kɛ pɩdaa pee yɔɔ ñɩnɩɣ sukuli kɩkpɛndʊʊ (OИЯИ ou JINR) taa Doubna, Ruusi ɛjaɖɛ taa.
IUPAC tisi ɛ-hɩɖɛ yɔɔ saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ taa pɩnaɣ 2015 nɛ paha-ɩ kamɩŋ fenaɣ taa pɩnaɣ 2016 ɛ-Ɛnglɩsɩ hɩɖɛ kpaagbaa nɖɛ pɩlɩna Tennessee, pɩkɛ ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʊ hɩɖɛ, ɖenɖe Oak Ridge takʊʊ nɛ wiluu tʊmɩyɛ wɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ bɛrɩkɛlɩyɔm weyi eyeba nɛ pala pʊtʊ 117 yɔ wɛɛ.
Ɛ-hɩɖɛ taa wɛ latɛŋ tɔm lila naatozo kʊyʊm-kʊyʊm-lʊbɛ nɛ pʊyɔɔ kadɩnaɣ ɩyɔm ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ payaʊ pʊtʊnaa lalaa yɔ. IUPAC ñɩɣ niye pʊtʊ 117 natʊ tɔm yɔɔ saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 30 pɩnaɣ 2015. Pɩkɔma mɩsɩkʊm fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 8 pɩnaɣ 2016 lɛ, IUPAC hɔɔlʊʊ lɛɛkʊ yɔɔdɩ se ɛ-hɩɖɛ (Ɛnglɩsɩ kʊnʊŋ taa) ɛkɛ se tennessine, nɛ ɛ-yʊsaɣ mayaɣ kɛ Ts. Kɛlɛ ɖama nɩnaʊ nabʊyʊ paɣzɩ pɩkɔɔ pɩsɩna kamɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 8 pɩnaɣ 2016. IUPAC kpaɣ hɩɖɛ nɖɩ kamɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 28 pɩnaɣ 2016.
Mbʊ pʊtʊ ɛnʊ paya-ɩ hɩɖɛ nɛ Ɛnglɩsɩ kʊnʊŋ taa yɔ kɔna kaɖɛ piŋ kʊnʊmɩŋ lɛɛŋ taa yatʊ taa, kɔzɩ kɔzɩ anasaayɩ kʊnʊŋ taa, mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ hɩɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩtaa tɛzɩɣna ɩyɔm ɛzɩ pʊtʊnaa lalaa hɩla yɔ. Pɩlɩna ɖomaɣ fenaɣ pɩnaɣ 2016 paɣtʊ natʊyʊ yɔɔ lɛ, IUPAC wɩlɩ se keeke taa lɛ pʊtʊnaa mba pɛwɛɛ pɩlʊʊ 17 tɛ hɩla kaapɔza se atɛzɩna –ine.


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Jeanne d'Arc
Jeanne d'Arc kɛ Fransɩɩ tʊ, palʊlɩ pɩnaɣ 1412 taa mbɩ yɔ kɛ Domrémy kɛ duché de Bar haɖa taa kɛ Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛsɩba ɖasɩ ɖɩbɛdɩyɛ evemiye niidozo wiye agoza fenaɣ taa pɩnaɣ 1431 kɛ Rouen kɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ payaɖɩ se Nɔrmandɩɩ yɔ ɖɩ-tɛtʊ susɔ tʊ taa. Pɩwɛ se ɖɩtɩlɩ sɩse Nɔrmandɩɩ wɛʊ mbɩ yɔ, ɖɩkɛ Angletɛrɩ ñɩm. Jeanne d’Arc kɛ halʊʊ sɔdʊʊ kɛ Fransɩɩ kazɩŋga ɖeeɖe tɔm taa kɛ you kewitu hɔlʊ taa nɛ halʊʊ ɛnʊ ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ cɩɖɩ cɩɖɩ halʊʊ ɛsɔ sɛʊ ŋgbɛyɛ cejewiye. Ɛnʊ ka-sɛnaɣ hɩɖɛ se 'la Pucelle d’Orléans' kɛ waasɩ hiu loɖo waɣ taa mbɩ yɔ, nɛ ɛɖanɩ sɛʊ se Fransɩɩ Ɛjaɖɛ Ɖoo kɛ waasɩ hiu nɛ nakʊ waɣ mbɩ yɔ.
Ɛ-caa payawaɣ se Jacques d’Arc weyi ɛkɛ kɛ haɖʊ yɔ. E-ɖoo kɛlɛ Isabelle Devouton. Pa-kpɛndaɣ piya kagbanzɩ pa-caa cɔlɔ. Ɖooo kiɖe tɛ pɩgbaʊ nɛ waasɩ hiu nɛ kagbanzɩ waɣ mbɩ yɔ lɛ, pɛlɛ ɛnɛ ɛwɛna pɩnsɩ hiu nɛ lʊbɛ mbɩ yɔ pʊdɔbʊ se ɛwɛ ɛ-pɛlɛtʊ taa. Ɖɩtɔzɩ se kalɩnaɣ haɖaa hɔʊ taa, pʊtʊbʊ se ka-caanaɣ kɛ haɖaa. Ka-yɔdaɣ alʊwatʊ ndʊ tɩtaɣ se Saint Michel, Marguerite nɛ Catherine pahayɩ ɖoŋ nɛ paɖʊyɩ tʊmɩyɛ se oholi Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ you ɖoŋ yɔɔ caɣnaʊ Angletɛrɩ ɛjaɖɛ nesi tɛ. Ɛcɛyɩ ɛ-tɩ nɛ ekpeli yoya nimiye fɛyɩ wa nɛ ewona wɛ nɛ po-yona Angletɛrɩ ɛjaɖɛ. Nɛ paɣpaɣ wa you ŋgʊ,nɛ Orléans kewiyaɣ kpelaɣ kʊɣɩ ɛsɔ taa nɛ powona kewiyaɣ ñʊdʊ Sacre á Reims, nɛ ɛɖʊ nesi ɖɔɖɔ nɛ paɖʊʊ kiliŋgili Pɩnzɩ mɩnʋʋ you. You wayɩ lɛ, Bourguignons waɣ kpayɩ Compiègne kɛ pɩnaɣ 1430 nɛ Jean de Luxembourg pɛdɩnayɩ Anglɩtɛɛrɩ ñɩmaɣ nɛ takayaɣsɩ kudokiŋ hiu. Lɛlɛ yɔ, pʊwɛ se pa-kʊɩ nɛ ɛsɩ. pagbaɣ lɩmaza se pɔ-ñɔtɩ miŋ nɛ ɛsaɣ. Ɛlɛ kɩɖɩsɩtu samaɣ wiyau se paɖanɩ ɛ-tɔm hʊ camɩyɛ pɩcɔ paa-kʊɩ,paɖanɩ hʊ ɛtɔm nɛ pʊwɛ se peyelei.


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Pasɩtɛkɩ
Pasɩtɛkɩ (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai, pɩnaɣ 1916), payaɣ ɖɔɖɔ se melon lɩm, kɔzɩ kɔzɩ Fransɩɩ hɔɔlʊʊ Kanadaa ɛjaɖɛ taa, kɩkɛ ñɩɩyʊʊ tɩŋ, kɩlɩnɛ kukurɩbɩtasɩ tɩmʊʊ lide taa. Kɩ-tɛ Afrika Wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa kiŋ nɛ pahayʊʊ-kʊ sakɩyɛ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ kɩ-pee paɣlaɣ, a-lozi, a-taa mʊtʊ sɛ cɩɩɩ, pʊwɛ ɖɔɖɔ sʊtʊ lɩm tɩyɛ, pɩwɛ tɩŋ hatʊ sɛmɩŋ, pʊhʊlɩmɩ nɛ pɩtaa pee cɩkpenaa wɛ kpɛdɩŋ yaa sɛmɩŋ. Kɩ-tɛ yatʊ wɩlʊʊ kɩ-maɣmaɣ kɩ-wɛtʊ nɛ kɩpɩɣʊʊ lɛ, kɩ-yuŋ maɣna ɛzɩ kilonaa kɩgbanzɩ nɛ nɛɛlɛ hɛkʊʊ taa mbʊ yɔ.
Pʊwɛ se ɛyʊ ɛɖʊ tʊkaɣ pasɩtɛkɩ ŋgʊ pɔtɔkɩ yɔ nɛ sikiri tɛ pasɩtɛkɩ yaa sitire (citre) ŋgʊ paatɔkɩ kpaagba yɔ. Pasɩtɛ ŋgʊ payaɣ se Courge gigérine yaa Courge barbarine Fransɩ nɛ hadɛ kiŋ taa yɔ. Itaalii ɛjaɖɛ taa lɛ, payaɣ-kʊ se anguria yaa cocomero, Turki ɛjaɖɛ taa lɛ, karpuz, Pɔritigaalɩ nɛ Piresiili ajɛyɛ taa lɛ, melancia, sandia kɛ Ɛsɩpaañɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa, watermelon kɛ Ɛnglɩsɩ ɛjaɖɛ yaa ɖɔɖɔ スイカ (suika) Sapɔŋ ɛjaɖɛ taa.
Réunion ɛjaɖɛ tɛ (Ɛndɩ lɩŋgamʊʊ taa Fransɩ kuduyuu tɛ) paya pasɩtɛkɩ se melon. Pɩtɛ yiiduu mbʊ pɩlɩnɛ mbʊ pʊcɔlɔ yɔ se pɩkɛ kajalaɣ taa kɛlɛ tɩŋ piye ndɩ paɖʊ-ɖɩ lɩm hɛkʊ taa ɛjaɖɛ taa pɩtɩŋnɛ Ɛnglɩsɩ mɛlɛ sayaa cɔlɔ kpaɣɖʊ 19 alɩwaatʊ taa. Pasɩtɛkɩ ŋgʊ payaɣ Ɛnglɩsɩ taa se watermelon, lɩm hɛkʊ taa tɛtʊ yɔ mba taatɩɩsɩnda ɖooo canaʊ alɩwaatʊ taa melon tɩtɩŋga lɛ, pɛkpɛndʊʊ payaɣ se pasɩtɛkɩnaa tɩŋnɛ se melon waa. Pʊwayɩ kpanɛ kpaɣɖʊ nɛɛlɛ alɩwaatʊ taa Fransɩ mba yeba nɛ patɩlɩ melon lɛ, yatʊ Fransɩ melon lɛ, petisiɣ. Paa ɛzɩ sɔnɔ yɔɔdaɣ taa yiiduu mbʊ papɩzaɣ pɔñɔɔzɩ-tʊ sakɩyɛ taa kɔyɔ, papɩzɩɣ paɖɩɩnɛ-tʊ nɩɩɩ ɖɔɖɔ Réunion mba tɔm pee kɩpɩnɛɛ taa.


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Antonín Dvořák
Antonín Leopold Dvořák kɛ Cɛɛkɩ ɛjaɖɛ pɩɣa. Ɛkɛ cɩmʊʊ maɖʊ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ. Palʋla-ɩ salaŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ 8 ñɩŋʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1841 ñɩŋa taa Nelahozeves tɛtʋ taa. Nelahozeves tɛtʋ posina Prague tɛtʋ ɛzɩɩ mɛtɛnaa 40 mbʋ yɔ.
Ɖajaa Antonín Leopold Dvořák sɩba Prague tɛtʋ taa agoza fenaɣ kajalaɣ kɩyakʋ ñɩŋʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1904 ñɩŋa taa.
Ɖajaa Antonín Dvořák yeba sukuli size ɛkpɛlɛkɩ ɛ-caa tʋmɩyɛ. Ɛ-caa kɛkɛ alikiizaŋ.
Ɛ-caa kaakɛ ɖɔɖɔ agɔma ɖaɣ yɔɔ tʋma cɔnɩyaa yɔɔ ñʋʋdʋ.
E-gbele Zlonice cɔlɔ ɛkpɛlɛkɩ cɩmʋʋ mabʋ pɩnaɣ 1853 ñɩŋa taa.
Peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ ɛkpɛlɛkɩ caama kʋnʋŋ yɔɔdaɣ.


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OIF ŋgbɛyɛ
Kedeŋa yɔɔ cɩna ajɛya kpeekpe wena a-taa pɔyɔɔdʊʊ fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ yɔ, awɛna ŋgbɛyɛ naɖɩyɛ. Ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ potobi yaʊ taa nɛ payaa se OIF. Ajɛya nɩɩnʊwa nɛ niidozo (80) pɛkpɛndɩna nɛ paɖʊ OIF ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ. Ajɛya ana a-taa lɛ, ajɛya nɩɩnʊwa nɛ lʊbɛ (57) kɛŋna ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa ñɩma siŋŋ. Piyele ajɛya nɛɛlɛ nɛ naadozo (23) ñɛkɛ OIF ŋgbɛyɛ taa ajɛya yɔɔ feŋiyaa. Pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se feŋiyaa ajɛya ana acɔŋnana nɛ ana se OIF ŋgbɛyɛ taa ajɛya ñaŋ yaa ɖɔŋ paɣtʊ ndʊ paɖʊ pa-tɩ yɔ tɩ-yɔɔ yaa paaɖɔŋ.
OIF ŋgbɛyɛ lʊkɩ se ɖiɣɖiɣ caɣʊ nɛ laŋhɛzɩyɛ pɛwɛɛ ajɛya kpeekpe wena ayɔɔdʊʊ fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ yɔ a-taa. OIF ŋgbɛyɛ lʊkɩ se ajɛyɛ wena awɛ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa yɔ, a-tɔzʊʊ ɛɖɛɛna ɛsɩndaa nɛ pɩkɩlɩ. OIF ŋgbɛyɛ lʊkɩ se ajɛya wena awɛ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa yɔ, a-taa paa nɖɩ ɖɩcɛyɛ ɖɩ-tɩ ɖɩ-maɣmaɣ nɛ ɖɩ-tɔzʊʊ ɖɛɛna ɛsɩndaa. OIF ŋgbɛyɛ tamaɣ kɔyɔ se ajɛya wena awɛ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa yɔ, a-taa ɛyaa tɩŋa ehiɣ nɛ pɔtɔɔ nɛ pɔñɔɔ ɛzɩ pe-liu wɛʋ yɔ. OIF ŋgbɛyɛ lʋkɩ siŋŋ se ɖama nɩnaʋ ɛwɛɛ ajɛya wena awɛ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa yɔ a-hɛkʋ taa. OIF ŋgbɛyɛ taa ajɛya kpeɣlaa nɛ pala kedizaɣ sɔsaɣ nakɛyɛ nɛ palɩzɩ pɛ-ŋgbɛyɛ tamaɣ tʋma. Tʋma naanza paɖʋwa se pɛ-ŋgbɛyɛ ɛlʋ yaa aɖʋ nesi siŋŋ a-labʋ taa. Tʋma naanza ana, anaa yɔ :
- Fransɩɩ kʋnʋŋ yɔɔ kandɩylʋʋ yaa kʋ-yɔɔ lʋbʋ se kɩɖɛɛna ɛsɩndaa.
- Ɛyʋ yɔɔ waɖɛ nɛ laŋhɛzɩyɛ nɛ temokrasii pɔ-yɔɔ kandɩyʋʋ.
- Sukuli labʋ nɛ ɛsakuliye nʋnɔʋ nɛ ñɩnʋʋ tʋmɩyɛ pɔ-yɔɔ lʋbʋ.
- Ajɛya wena awɛ OIF ŋgbɛyɛ taa yɔ, a-ɖama sɩnnaʋ ɛsɩndaa ɖɛnaʋ tʋmɩyɛ.
OIF ŋgbɛyɛ tʋma tɩŋa ñʋʋ wɛ Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ taa. Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ ndʋʋ payaɣ se Paarii. Ŋgbɛyɛ sɔsɔyɛ naɖɩyɛ payaɣ se ACCT. ACCT ŋgbɛyɛ lʋkɩ se sɔnzɩ nɛ ɛsakuliye nɛ lɛɣtʋ tʋma ndɩ ndɩ ɛɖɛɛna ɛsɩndaa. Lakɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ nɛɛlɛ (20) ñɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1970 taa paɖʋ ACCT ŋgbɛyɛ. Nizɛɛrɩ tɛtʋ sʋsɔtʋ taa palaba kedizaɣ sɔsɔɣ nɛ palɩzɩ ACCT ŋgbɛyɛ. Nizɛɛrɩ tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ ndʋ tɩ-taa palaba kedizaɣ ŋga yɔ payaɣ se Ñamɛɛ. OIF ŋgbɛyɛ takayaɣ taa mayʋ sɔsɔ kɛŋna ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖʋ-tʋma tɩŋa nɔɔ yɔɔ ɖɛyʋ. Ajɛya wena awɛ OIF ŋgbɛyɛ taa yɔ, akpeɣli Senegaalɩ tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ taa pɩnaɣ 2014 taa nɛ palɩzɩ pɛ-ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-takayaɣ taa mayʋ. Ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ, ɖɩ-takayaɣ taa mayʋ weyi palɩzaa yɔ, ɛnʋʋ lɛ ɖajaa Michaëlle Jean.
OIF ŋgbɛyɛ takayaɣ taa mayʋ sɔsɔ lɩzɩɣna weyi ɛcɔŋna ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-tʋma tɩŋa yɔɔ yɔ. Ɖajaa Kpaɣna pɩnaɣ 2015 nɛ pɩsɩɩnɩ sɔnɔ yɔ, Adama Ouane cɔŋnana OIF ŋgbɛyɛ tʋma tɩŋa yɔɔ. Pɩnzɩ naalɛ wayɩ OIF ŋgbɛyɛ taa ñɩma lakɩ pe-kedizaɣ sɔsaa.
OIF ŋgbɛyɛ tamaɣ kɔyɔ se kalʋ nɛ ajɛya wena awɛ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa yɔ, a-taa ɛyaa tɔɔ nɛ kahaɣ cmɩyɛ. Ɛzɩma ɛyaa tɩŋa pɩzɩɣ pehiɣ nɛ pɔtɔɔ nɛ pahaɣ camɩyɛ? OIF ŋgbɛyɛ sɩŋna paa weyi se ɛtɩlɩ mbʋ ɛla nɛ ehiɣ ɛ-mamaɣ e-nesi yɔɔ yɔ. OIF ŋgbɛyɛ tɩŋɩɣna lɩmaɣza sɔsɔna naanza yɔɔ nɛ ɖɩsɩnna ajɛya wena awɛ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa yɔ.


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Ɔkɩsɩzɛnɩ
Ɔkɩsɩzɛnɩ kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ taa pɩyʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 8 nɛ yʊsaɣ ñɩŋga yɔ O. Ɛnʊ kɛna nɔɔ ɖɛyʊ salɩkɔzɛnɩ waa kpeɣlʊʊ taa, nɛ nabʊyʊ taa payɣ se ɔkɩsɩzɛnɩ waa hɔɔlʊʊ. Ɛyaa naalɛ ñɩnɩna nɛ pana pʊtʊ ɛnʊ, Sʊyɛdɩ tʊ Carl Wilhelm Scheele kɛ Uppsala tɛtʊ taa pɩnaɣ 1772 nɛ Piritaniki tʊ Joseph Priestley Viltshire tɛtʊ taa pɩnaɣ 1774. Pɛcɛlɛ-ɩ hɩɖɛ mbʊ se ɔkɩsɩzɛnɩ pɩnaɣ 1777 ɛlɛ Antoine Lavoisier Paarii tɛtʊ taa hana hɩɖɛ nɖɩ pɩtɩŋna krɛkɩ kɩbɩnʊʊ kʊnʊŋ yɔɔ se ὀEύς / oxys (cʊlʊ cʊlʊ pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se cɩnɛ se ñɩmɩŋ) nɛ Yevής / genês (lʊlʊʊ tɛ).
Ɖɩha heelim taa kiɖe hɔɔlʊʊ kifezuu hɩɖɛ se ɔkɩsɩzɛnɩ, ɛlɛ palɩza hɩɖɛ nɖɩ nɛ tɔmpe naalɛ, palɩzɩ-yɛ nɛ krɛkɩ kʊnʊŋ taa ὀEύς, ñɩmɩŋ nɛ Yeίvouaι, malʊlʊʊ, mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ wɛtʊ natʊyʊ ndʊ tɩkɩlɩ wɛʊ walaa yɔ kiɖe nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa yɔ (Lavoisier yɔɔdʊʊ ɔkɩsɩzɛnɩ tɔm) taa ñɩmɩŋ wondu ndʊ tɩkpɛndɩɣ tɩ-tɩ wondu lɛɛtʊ. Mbʊ lɛ, ɖɩkaɣ yaʊ ɔkɩsɩzɛnɩ fefeku kiɖe nɖɩ ɖɩ-tɛ kpeɣluu nɛ sɔŋaɣ wondu.
Kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ kɔtɩɩ kɩɖam weyi ɛ-yʊsʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ O2, keeke taa ɛnʊ payaɣ se ɔkɩsɩzɛnɩ nɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɩnaa ya-ɩ se dɩyɔkɩsɩzɛnɩ, ɛ-taa wɛ ɔkɩsɩzɛnɩ tɛ pɩyʊ kɔtɩɩ waa naalɛ, nɛ pɔɖɔkɩ ɖama nɛ tamtʊ. Kedeŋga taa sɔŋaɣ ɛwɛ camɩyɛ kɔyɔ, dɩyɔkɩsɩzɛnɩ kɛ fefeku, kedeŋga taa kɔzɩ kɔzɩ teŋgu cɔlɔ kɩ-tɛ ɖɔʊ maɣna 20,8%.
Sakɩyɛ taa lɛ, keŋga kpeekpe taa ɔkɩsɩzɛnɩ kɛ pʊtʊ naatozo tʊ eyi ɛɖɔ piŋ ɛzɩ Hɩdrɔzɛnɩ nɛ Hɛlɩyɔm yɔ, ɛnʊ kɩlɩna tɔyʊ tɛtʊ pɔɔɖɛ taa.
Ɖooo kiɖe tɛɛ lɛ, ɛjaɖɛ taafɛyɩna dɩyɔkɩsɩzɛnɩ. Ɛnɛ ʊnʊyɔ ɛma ɛ-tɩ pɩtɩŋna mʊntʊsʊʊ manaʊ tɛ mbʊ tɩŋ, aɖɔnlɛlɛɛ nɛ ŋñɩɩ cɛkaɣ tɩnaa, pʊtʊnaa pɛnɛ palɩɣ yɔ pɩtalɩ ɛzɩ pɩnzɩ miiliyaarɩ waa 2,8 mbʊ yɔ. Dɩyɔkɩsɩzɛnɩ kʊʊ kpɩna wena atɔsɔɔlɩ heelim yɔ, pa-taa kɔyɔ kajalaɣ pʊtʊna mba palɛɛ lɩɣ ɛjaɖɛ yɔɔ yɔ ɛlɛ kɩwɛɛ wazaɣ siŋ pʊtʊnaa mba pefezuu yɔ pɛ-tɛ, pa-taa kɛlɛ mbʊ payi pɩkɩloɩ ɖɔʊ nɛ pɩwɛna wezuu nɔɔnɔɔ yɔ.


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Wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa Firziinii
Wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa Firziinii kɛna Etaazunii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ cikpetʊ natʊyʊ. Nɛ Etazuunii ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ ajɛya cikpena naayɛ nɩɩnɩwa kpɛndɩna nɛ aɖʊ nɔɔ nɛ awɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ taa kpaɩ. Etaazunii tɔbʊʊ nɛ kabɩyɛ taa se ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ.
Pamaza Wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa Firziinii ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ taa lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ ɛzɩ 62 809 km2 nɛ ɖenɖe tɛtʊ ñabɩ wɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 62 436 km2 yɔ nɛ ɖenɖe lɩm ñɛwɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe ñɛwɛʊ ɛzɩ 376 km2 yɔ pʊtɔbʊʊ se pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 0.60 yɔ kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ. Ɛjaɖ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩkɛŋna 45 ñɩnɖɛ ɛyaa ɖɔʊ taa kɛ Etazuunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ kpeekpe taa.
Wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa Firziinii taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Charleston nɛ tɩ-taa ɖɔɖɔ kɛ ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ.
Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɖɩ kɛŋna ɛjaɖɛ 35 ñɩnɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩsʊ Etaazunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ ŋgbɛyɛ taa yɔ. Ɛlɛ pɩɩkɛ mɩsɩkʊm fenaɣ kɩyakʊ nɛɛlɛ nkʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 1863.
Pɩnaɣ 2013 taa paakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ paana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 1 854 304 yɔ. Payaɣ Wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa Firziinii ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-ñʊʊdʊ se Jim Justice (R) piyele nɛ komina ñʊndinaa kɔyɔ: Joe Manchin (D) nɛ Shelley Moore Capito (R).
Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, ŋgʊ lɛ yɔ Eŋgilisi.


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Kiɖi kiɖi wonuu (accélération)
Lɛɣtʊ piliŋa nakɛyɛ wɛɛ nɛ payaɣ-kɛ se tomnasɩ ɖɔnɛ kpɛlɛkʊʊ (physique) piliŋa. Wonuu nakʊyʊ ɛɖɔŋ yaa kiciidiɣ yaa kiseɣ yɔ, nabʊyʊ pɩzɩɣ piyele nɛ mbʊ piciidiɣ yɔ, piciidi ɖoŋ nɛ pɩkɩlɩ. Yee wonuu ŋgʊ, kiseɣ kiseu kɔyɔ, pʊyʊ mbʊ pɩlakɩ nɛ wonuu ŋgʊ kiseɣ lɔŋ nɛ pɩkɩlɩ. Yee pʊyʊ mbʊ pʊɖɔŋ kʊɖɔm kɔyɔ, nabʊyʊ mbʊ pɩlakɩ nɛ mbʊ pʊɖɔŋ mbʊ yɔ, pʊɖɔ lɔŋ nɛ pɩkɩlɩ.
Mbʊ pɩlakɩ nɛ ɖɔnɛ yaa ciiduu yaa saa lɛɣzɩɣ mbʊ yɔ payaɣ se kpede kpede wonuu yaa kiɖi kiɖi wonuu (accélération). Kiɖi kiɖi wonuu yaa kpede kpede wonuu ŋgʊ, kɩkɛ lɛɣtʊ piliŋa ŋga payaɣ se tomnasɩ ɖɔnɛ kpɛlɛkʊʊ yɔ pɩ-pɩyʊ sɔsɔ.
Payaɣ kiɖi kiɖi wonuu yaa kpede kpede wonuu nɛ fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa se «vecteur accélération». Palakɩ kiɖi kiɖi wonuu nɛ silimaɣ tʊmɩyɛ taa. Silimaɣ tʊmɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa lɛ, kpede kpede wonuu lakɩna nɛ kɛlɛm kɛlɛm waa ɖɛɣ lɔŋlɔŋ.
Ɛyaa yɔɔdʊʊ se mbʊ pɩlakɩ nɛ wonuu nakʊyʊ ɖɔŋ lɔŋ yaa seɣ lɔŋ yaa kiciidiɣ lɔŋlɔŋ yɔ pi-koyinduu lɛ mbʊ pʊbʊ ñalakɩ nɛ wonuu ɖɔŋ hɛɛɛ yaa seɣ hɛɛɛ yaa ciidiɣ hɛɛɛ yɔ.


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Suɛz Hɛŋa
Suɛz hɛŋa wɛ Egypti tɛtʊ taa. Ka-ɖaalakɩŋ taa wɛ kilomɛtanaa 193,3 nɛ toboyu taa lɛ, pɩmaɣna mɛtanaa 280 yaa 345. Lɩŋgʊ taa lɛ, pimaɣna mɛtanaa 22,5. Hɛŋa ŋga kataŋna Port-Saïd nɛ Méditerranée teŋgu. Hɛŋa ŋga kɛtɛziɣ lɩŋgamɩŋ niitozo.
Pɛhɛ hɛŋa ŋga kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 1859 nɛ 1869. Bourse de Paarii ñaɣna pana nɛ pabɩ liidiye sakɩyɛ nɛ sʊkʊlɩ laɖʊ sɔsɔ weyi payawaɣ-ɩ se Ferdinand de Lesseps yɔ, ɛnʊ cɔŋgaɣna tʊmɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-yɔɔ. Hɛŋa ŋga kɔ-yɔɔ kɛ nʊmɔʊ wɛ tobi Europe nɛ Asia pɛhɛkʊ taa. Pɩtatasɩ kɛʊ kɩcɛyʊ se ɛyʊ ɛtɔ se ɛcɔʊ Afrika kpɛɛɛ nɛ pʊcɔɛtalɩ Europe yaa Asia. Ɖooo lɛ ‘‘Cap de Bonne Espérance’’ ɖeke patɩŋgaɣna. Pɩcɔ nɛ pɛhɛʊ hɛŋa ŋga 1869 lɛ, patiŋgaɣna tadɩyɛ wondu kɛ tataa nʊmɔʊ ŋgʊ kɩwɛ Mediteranee teŋgu Kɩsɛɛmʊ yɔ.
Aloma fenaɣ 29 kɛ pɩnaɣ 1888 kɛ Constantinople paɣtʊ lɩzɩya paɣ opaɣtʊ se ‘‘Suɛzɩ heŋa ŋga, kɛwɛ yem yɔbɩ. Nɔɔyʊ ɛtaatɔ se ɛwɛna ɖoŋ nɩɩyɛ kɔ-yɔɔ. Pɩha paa anɩ ɛwɛna waɖɛ se ɛtɛzɩ-kɛ ɛzɩma ɛsɔɔla yɔ; paa you alɩwatʊ taa yaa laŋhɛzɩyɛ alɩwatʊ. Pataacɔna ɛyʊ kɩɖaʊ kɛtɛɛka nɛ pɔtɔ; se pʊ-yɔɔ’’.
Hɛŋa ŋga kɛkɛ ‘‘Sues Canal Autority’’ ñɩŋga; mba tɩna kañɩm nɛ mba cɔŋna ɖɔɖɔɔ kɔ-yɔɔ.
Kɩyɛna fenaɣ nʊwa ñɩŋgʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 2014 kɛ Egypti mba tɔma se peliu wɛɛ se patasɩ hɛŋa ŋga hʊyʊʊ nɛ katɩŋna kɩpɩnaɣ cɔlɔ kpɛɛɛ.


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Ɖeeɣa
Petiŋ tɩʊ nɛ pɛsɛtɩ ki-pilinzi lɛ, pɩsakɩɣ ɖeeɣa, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se tɩʊ tiku. Tɩʊ tiku ŋgʊ pasakɩ nɛ pɩla kpoŋgbolonaa. Kpoŋgbolonaa mbaa palakɩna tʊma sakɩyɛ. Tɩŋ wɛ ndɩ ndɩ. Pʊ-yɔɔ e-tikiŋ pɔɔya wɛ ndɩ ndɩ ɖɔɖɔ. Ɖajaa Pierre Gole ñɩnɩna kpaɖʊʊ 17 taa nɛ ɛtɩlɩ tɩŋ tikiŋ wɛtʊ ndɩ ndɩ.
Petiŋ tɩʊ nɛ pɛsɛtɩ ki-tiku lɛ, pɛhɛɛ kpoŋgbolonaa. Kpoŋgbolonaa kɩlɩna wazaɣ tɩʊ pilinzi taa. Cɩyɩm tɩʊ ñɔʊ nɛ kɩcakɩ wezuu, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se cɩyɩm kɩñɔʊ nɛ kɩwɛʊ lɛŋ nɛ kɩlɩɣ hatʊ. Ɖeeɣa taa cɩyɩm tɩŋɩɣna nɛ pʊcɔʊ tɩʊ tɩŋa. Ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ calɩm tɩŋɩɣna ɛyʊ hola taa nɛ pʊcɔʊ e-tomnaɣ tɩŋa taa yɔ, mbʊ ɖɔɖɔ cɩyɩm tɩŋɩɣna ɖeeɣa taa nɛ pʊcɔʊ tɩʊ tɩŋa taa nɛ kɩhɔʊ hɛtʊ.
Tɩʊ wɛna hɔɔlɩŋ sɔsɔŋ naadozo. Hɔɔlɩŋ ɛnʊʊ yɔ : lila nɛ tiku nɛ pilinzi. Hɔɔlɩŋ ɛnʊ ɛ-taa lɛ, tiku petiŋ nɛ pɛhɛɛ-kʊ nɛ palɩzɩ kpoŋgbolonaa. Kpoŋgbolonaa wɛ ndɩ ndɩ. Kpoŋgbolonaa kɩwalaa wɛɛ. Paba palakɩna tablɩnaa nɛ kpelasɩ sɔsɔsɩ ndɩ ndɩ. Mba ɖɔɖɔ pɛhɛɣ nɛ pawazɩɣ lɔbʊtʊ sʊndʊ. Kpoŋgbolonaa palakɩna kuduyiŋ pɔɔyɩŋ nɛ mondola.
Kpoŋgbolonaa ɖoŋ ñɩma wɛɛ, paba payaɣ se kpoŋgbolonaa kɩsɛmaa. Kpoŋgbolonaa mba patakɩlɩ ɖoŋ yɔ, paba ñɛwɛɛ, paba lɛ kpoŋgbolonaa kʊhʊlʊmaa. Nabɛyɛ ñɛwɛɛ, paba kɩlɩna ɖoŋ kpem. Tɩʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ se ekalitusi yɔ, ŋgʊ pɛhɛɣ nɛ palɩzɩɣ kpoŋkpolonaa mba. Pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se tɩŋ fɛyɩ ɖoŋ kɩmaŋ, ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, pɩtɛkɛ tɩŋ tɩŋa pɛhɛɣ kpoŋgbolonaa. Tɩŋ weyi pɛhɛɣ-ɩ kpoŋgbolonaa yɔ, ɛ-taa nɩɩyɛ kɔyɔ : sɩnjaʊ, tamtʊʊna, ekalitusi...
Wondu sɔsɔtʊ ndɩ ndɩ lubu nʊmɔʊ taa lɛ, kpoŋgbolonaa kɩlɩna wazaɣ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ. Pañɩnɩɣ kpoŋgbolonaa tʊma sakɩyɛ taa.


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Barack Obama
Ɖajaa Barack Hussein Obama II, palʋla-ɩ kɩyɛɛna fenaɣ kɩyakʋ naanza n̄ɩŋʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1961 taa Honolulu ɖoŋiye taa Hawayi egeetiye taa. Ɛkɛ Amerika tɛtʋ taa ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ n̄ʋʋdʋ. Ɛnʋ lɛ sɔnɔ Amerika tɛtʋ ńdʋ tɩ-taa Kewiisi nzɩ sɩkpɛnda kpɛm nɛ payaɣ-sɩ se, Etaazuunii yɔ, sɩ-ɛjaɖɛ n̄ʋʋdʋ. Ɛlɩ ɛjaɖɛ ńɖɩ, ɖɩ-n̄ʋʋdʋ hiŋ naanza nɛ naanzɩ n̄ɩnʋ lɛ. Kamɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ naanza n̄ɩŋʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 2008 taa pɔtɔ caca nɛ palɩzɩ-ɩ nɛ ɛkɛ ɖɩ-n̄ʋʋdʋ. Pɩkɛ ɛ-kajalaɣ kpelaɣ kpaɣʋ kɛlɛ. [Kamɩŋ fenaɣ]] kɩyakʋ loɖo n̄ɩŋʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 2012 n̄ɩŋa taa ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, patasɩ tɔʋ caca nɛ paɖaɣnɩ-ɩ lɩzʋʋ nɛ ɛkɛ ɖɩ-n̄ʋʋdʋ halɩ nɛ sɔnɔ.
Barack Hussein Obama kɛ Afrika tʋ, ɛtɛ ɛkɛ Amerika tʋ. Ɛnʋʋ lɛ, kajalaɣ Afrika tʋ weyi ɛkpaɣ kpelaɣ Amerika tɛtʋ taa Kewiisi nzɩ sɩkpɛndaa kpɛm nɛ payaɣ-sɩ se, Amerika yɔ sɩ-ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛwɛ wazaɣ siŋŋ Amerika n̄ɩma mba pɔtɔ caca nɛ palɩzɩ-ɩ yɔ nɛ kedeŋa kpeekpe pɛ-ɛsɩndaa.
Pɩnaɣ 1996 taa Barack Obama sʋ politiki nʋmɔʋ taa. Pɔtɔ caca nɛ palɩzɩ-ɩ se ɛkɛ paɣtʋ lɩzɩyaa n̄ʋʋdʋ Illinois tɛtʋ taa. Ɛlaba peeye tʋmɩyɛ nɖɩɩ kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 1997 n̄ɩŋa nɛ puwolo pɩsɩɩna pɩnaɣ 2004 n̄ɩŋa. Pɩnaɣ 2000 n̄ɩŋa taa lɛ, ɛɛsɔla se, palɩzɩ-ɩ nɛ ɛkɛ mba pa nɛ paɣtʋ lɩzɩyaa pɛkpɛndʋʋ nɛ palakɩ tʋmɩyɛ paɣtʋ ndɩ ndɩ lɩzʋʋ nʋmɔʋ taa yɔ. Ɛlɛ, pɩtala ḿbʋ. Ɛlɛ, pɩnaɣ 2004 n̄ɩŋa taa lɛ, palɩzɩ-ɩ nɛ ɛwɛɛ Kewiisi nzɩ sɩkpɛnda kpɛm nɛ payaɣ-sɩ se, Etaazuunii yɔ sɩ-paɣtʋ lɩzɩyaa taa. Barack Obama yeba nɛ patɩlɩ-ɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa alɩwaatʋ ndʋ ekizaa se Etaazuunii sɔɔjanaa ɛtaawolo Irakɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa se palakɩ you ɛzɩ George W. Bush kɔsɔɔlʋʋ yɔ. Ɛyɔɔdɩ ɖɔɖɔ tɔm natʋyʋ nɛ pɩlɩzɩ keɣlee nɛ pʋwɩlɩ mbʋ ɛkɛwa yɔ. Tɔm ńdʋ, ɛyɔɔdɩ-tʋ alɩwaatʋ ndʋ palɩzɩ John Kerry se ɛkɛ kanjidaa nɛ paalɩzɩ-ɩ nɛ ɛkɛ Etaazuunii ɛjaɖɛ n̄ʋʋdʋ yɔ. Ɛ-tɔm ńdʋ, tɩ-yɔɔ pɩtɩŋnaa nɛ pasɩmɩ-ɩ ɛjaɖɛ ńɖɩ ɖɩ-taa kajalaɣ sɩm.
Pɩnaɣ 2004 n̄ɩŋa taa palɩzɩ-ɩ nɛ ɛkɛ paɣtʋ lɩzɩyaa taa tʋ. Peeye ɛkaɖa "Springfield" tɛtʋ taa lɛlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ hiu n̄ɩŋʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 2007 n̄ɩŋa taa kpayɩ se, ɛnʋ kɛɣ kanjiida caca ŋgʋ pɔkɔŋ tɔʋ se palɩzɩ Etaazuunii ɛjaɖɛ n̄ʋʋdʋ yɔ. Ɛ nɛ Ɖoɖoo Hillary Rodham Clinton palʋbɩna nɛ ɛwa ɛ́lɛ. Peeye kɩyɛɛna fenaɣ kɩyakʋ nɛɛlɛ nɛ lʋbɛ n̄ɩŋʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 2008 taa palɩzɩ-ɩ Denver tɛtʋ taa se, ɛkɛ ɛ-ŋgbɛyɛ tɛ kanjiidaa.
Pɔtɔ caca ŋ́gʋ kamɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ naanza n̄ɩŋʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 2008 taa. Pɔtɔ-kʋ lɛ, ɛyaa 365 lɩzɩna-ɩ se ɛkɛ ɛjaɖɛ ńɖɩ ɖɩ-n̄ʋʋdʋ. Pɩlaba se, ɛyaa mɩnʋʋ yɔɔ lɛ, ɛyaa 52,9 lɩzɩna-ɩ se ɛkɛ ɛjaɖɛ n̄ʋʋdʋ. Yee ḿbʋ, ɛɖɛ John McCain weyi ɛ nɛ ɩ pakaɣyaɣ kpelaɣ ŋ́ga yɔ ɛ-nɔɔ. Barack Obama paɣzɩ ɛ-tʋmɩyɛ kɔlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ nɛɛlɛ n̄ɩŋʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 2009 taa. Ɛkpaɣ kpelaɣ lɛ, ɛɖʋ nesi siŋŋ yoŋ weyi ɛɛwɛ Irakɩ nɛ Afɩganisitanɩ nɛ Moyen-Orient pɛ-ajɛyɛ taa yɔ. Alɩwaatʋ ńdʋ tɩ-taa ɖɔɖɔ tɔsʋʋ pɩsaɣnɛ wayɩ Amerika tɛtʋ taa. Liidiye nɛ tɔsʋʋ paalaba kɛdɛɖaɣ siŋŋ kedeŋa kpeekpe. Paha-ɩ laŋhɛzɩyɛ yɔɔ lʋbʋ nimiye aloma fenaɣ kɩyakʋ hiu n̄ɩŋʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 2009 taa.
Barack Obama calɩ kpaɣʋ kpelaɣ lɛ, ɛlʋ nɛ tɔsʋʋ ɖɛɛna ɛsɩnda siŋŋ pɩnaɣ 2009 n̄ɩŋa taa. Eyeba nɛ papasɩ ɖɔɖɔ lambu yɔɔ nɛ pasɩŋna evebiya nɛ pɛla mba palaba sukuli nɛ petehida tʋma yɔ. Ɛtʋla ɖɔɖɔ tʋma sakɩyɛ nɛ ɛtɛ ɛcɔna kʋdɔndɩnaa ɖeɖe siŋŋ. Eyeba nɛ papasɩ ɖɔkɔtɔnaa tɛ kɔ yɔɔ liidiye. Pɩnaɣ 2010 n̄ɩŋa taa, eyeba nɛ panɩɩna tʋmlaɖaa fenasɩ nzɩ pataahɛyɩ-wɛ payɩ yɔ. Ajɛɛyɛ lɛɛna taa nɔɔ ɖʋʋ politiki nʋmɔʋ taa lɛ, eyeba nɛ [[[Etaazuunii (États-Unis)|Amerika]] sɔɔjanaa mba paawoba Irakɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa se pɛhɛzɩ you yɔ, papɩsɩ Amerika tɛtʋ taa. Ɛlɛ, eyele nɛ Amerika sɔɔjanaa mba paba n̄aawobi Afɩganisitanɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa yɔ, ɛsɔzɩ pɔ-yɔɔ kʋsɔzʋʋ. Ɛ nɛ Ruusii ɛjaɖɛ panɩnɩ ɖama nɛ pan̄ɩɣ nesi takayaɣ taa nɛ pɩha-ɩ waɖɛ se, ɛcɔna ɛzɩma mbʋ polu hɔzɩŋ ɛjaɖɛ ńɖɩ ɖɩ-taa yɔ.
Ɛnʋ cɔŋaɣna Amerika sɔɔjanaa ɛkpɛzɛm waa mba pan̄ɩnɩ hɛɛɛ nɛ pakpa Oussama Ben Laden nɛ pakʋ-ɩ yɔ. Pakʋ-ɩ Pakisitanɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa, Abbottabad tɛtʋ taa agoza fenaɣ kajalaɣ kɩyakʋ n̄ɩŋʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 2011 taa.
Ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ naanzɩ n̄ɩŋʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 2011 taa ɛyɔɔda se, ɛnʋ kɛ kanjiida caca ŋgʋ pɔkɔŋ-kʋ tɔʋ pɩnaɣ 2012 taa se palɩzɩ Etaazuunii ɛjaɖɛ n̄ʋʋdʋ kɩfalʋ yɔ. Ɛ nɛ Ɖajaa Mitt Romney palʋbɩna kpelaɣ ŋ́ga kɔ-yɔɔ. Pɔtɔ caca ŋgʋʋ kamɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ loɖo n̄ɩŋʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 2012 taa. Ɛyaa 332 lɩzɩna-ɩ se ɛɖaɣnɩ kɛʋ Etaazuunii ɛjaɖɛ n̄ʋʋdʋ kɩfalʋ nɛ ɛyaa 206 n̄alɩzɩna Ɖajaa Mitt Romney. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se, ɛyaa mɩnʋʋ yɔɔ lɛ, ɛyaa 51 lɩzɩna-ɩ. Yee ḿbʋ, ɛnʋʋ Etaazuunii n̄ɩma lɩza pɩnaɣ 2012 taa se ɛɖaɣnɩ kɛʋ pɛ-ɛjaɖɛ n̄ʋʋdʋ.
E-cejewiye[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Ɛ-caa hɔʊ[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Ɛ-caa kɛ ɛyʋ kɩkpɛdʋ, palʋlɩ ɛlɛɛ Keniya ɛjaɖɛ taa.
E-ɖoo hɔʊ[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
E-ɖoo n̄ɛkɛ kʋhʋlʋm, palʋlɩ ɛlɛɛ Amerika tɛtʋ taa, Kansas ɖoŋiye taa Irɩlandɩ liɖe taa.
Ɛ-pɩcatʊ nɛ e-evebutu[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Hawaï egeetiye taa palʋla-ɩ, ɛlɛ, Indonesi tɛtʋ taa ɛcaɣ pɩnzɩ sakɩyɛ nɛ ɛpaɣlɩ.
Pɩkɛ hɔʊ ŋgʊ kɩɖaɣnɩ kpɛndʊʊ yɔ[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
E-liɖe[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
E-sukuli nɛ ɛ-kajalaɣ tʊmɩyɛ[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Ɛlaba e-sukuli kɩtɛzʋʋ Kolumbia tɛtʋ taa. Peeye ɛmʋ sukuli kɩtɛzʋʋ taa takayaɣ sɔsɔɔ. Ɛmʋ ɖɔɖɔ Ɛyʋ waɖɛ yɔɔ kandɩyʋʋ sukuli labʋ takayaɣ. Ɛkɛ Afrika tʋ kajalaɣ tʋ weyi ɛcɔna tʋmɩyɛ kɩbanɖɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se, "Harvard Law Review" yɔ, ɖɩ-tʋma yɔɔ pɩnaɣ 1990 n̄ɩŋa taa. Tʋmɩyɛ ńɖɩ, palaba-ɖɩ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa tɛyɩtʋ kɛwɛ ɛyaa kɩkpɛdaa nɛ ansaayɩnaa pɛ-hɛkʋ taa pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩ pɩnaɣ 1960 taa yɔ, ɖɩ-taa.
Ɛɛkɛ weyi ɛsɩma aŋgba ɖʋʋ siŋŋ nɛ eɖiyiɣ-yɛ yɔ. Pɩnaɣ 1980 taa ɛlakaɣ tʋmɩyɛ ńɖɩ Chicago tɛtʋ nɛ hadɛ kiŋ hɔɔlʋʋ taa. Ɛlɩna Harvard tɛtʋ taa wayɩ lɛ, ɛkɛ tɔmhʋyʋ. Pʋbʋ wayɩ lɛ, ɛkɛ wɩlɩyʋ sɔsɔ Chicago sukuli kɩtɛzʋʋ taa, pɩnaɣ 1992 nɛ puwolo pɩsɩɩna pɩnaɣ 2004 n̄ɩŋa taa. Ɛwɩlaɣ ɛzɩma mbʋ pʋwɛɛ se, komina ɛkpaɣ paɣtʋ yɔ nɛ ɛzɩma mbʋ pʋwɛɛ se ɛyaa ɛn̄am-tʋ yɔ.


text:
Ɛndɩ Lɩŋamʋʋ
Ɖooo lɛ paywaɣ Ɛɛndɩ Lɩŋamʊʊ se Oriental liŋamʊʊ. Kɩ-ɖaalɩkɩŋ nɛ kɩ-walanzɩ taa maɣna ɛzɩ 75 000 000 km2. Inde lɩŋamʊʊ sɩna hayʊ kɩŋ nɛ Ɛɛndɩ, Pakisitaanɩ nɛ Iran, zɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ, Birmanie, Tayilandɩ, Malaisie, Ɛndonezi nɛ Ositraalii, hadɛ kɩŋ lɛ, Ositraali Lɩŋamʊʊ. Piyele nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa lɛ, Ɛɛndɩ Lɩŋgamʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩsɩna Afrika nɛ péninsule arabiki.
Ɛyaa nɩna ɖama nɛ pakpaɣ se, Ɛɛndɩ Lɩŋgamʊ ŋgʊ kɩsɩɩna Atlantiki Lɩŋgamʊʊ nɛ Cap des Aiguilles tɛ longitude ŋgʊ kɩwɛ 20e méridien est yɔ; Pasifiki Lɩŋgamʊʊ nɛ Cap South Eastitude tɛ lon nɛ Tasmanie tɛtʊ ndʊ lɩm cɔ-tʊ ko nɛ pɩta yɔ; pɩtasɩna Ositraali Lɩŋamʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩwɛ 60e parallèle sud yɔ.


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- 28 Kamɩŋ fenaɣ 2017 à 11:10 Hugo.arg ndɔncɔɔlɩyɛ tambasɩ kɛzɩ takayɩhayʋʋ Koliisee (colisée) ñɩŋgʋ nɛ Koliisee ñɩŋgʋ yɔɔ
- 28 Kamɩŋ fenaɣ 2017 à 11:10 Hugo.arg ndɔncɔɔlɩyɛ tambasɩ kɛzɩ takayɩhayʋʋ Ampiiri Siteti Piilidiŋ (Empire State Building) ñɩŋgʋ nɛ Ampiiri Siteti Piilidiŋ ñɩŋgʋ yɔɔ
- 28 Kamɩŋ fenaɣ 2017 à 11:09 Hugo.arg ndɔncɔɔlɩyɛ tambasɩ kɛzɩ takayɩhayʋʋ Huva lɩŋgamʋʋ (Barrage Hoover) ñɩŋgʋ nɛ Huva lɩŋgamʋʋ ñɩŋgʋ yɔɔ
- 23 Kamɩŋ fenaɣ 2017 à 12:44 Hugo.arg ndɔncɔɔlɩyɛ tambasɩ kɛzɩ takayɩhayʋʋ Panama Hɛŋa (Canal de Panama) ñɩŋgʋ nɛ Panama Hɛŋa ñɩŋgʋ yɔɔ
- 3 Kamɩŋ fenaɣ 2017 à 18:55 Hugo.arg ndɔncɔɔlɩyɛ tambasɩ kɛzɩ takayɩhayʋʋ .Ɛndɩyɔm ñɩŋgʋ nɛ Ɛndɩyɔm ñɩŋgʋ yɔɔ
- 13 Aloma fenaɣ 2017 à 14:25 Hugo.arg ndɔncɔɔlɩyɛ tambasɩ kɛzɩ takayɩhayʋʋ Ñʋŋ hoɖe (mécanique quantique) ñɩŋgʋ nɛ Ñʋŋ hoɖe ñɩŋgʋ yɔɔ
- 13 Aloma fenaɣ 2017 à 14:12 Hugo.arg ndɔncɔɔlɩyɛ tambasɩ kɛzɩ takayɩhayʋʋ Pila pila ɖoŋ tʋmɩyɛ (mécanique ondulatoire) ñɩŋgʋ nɛ Pila pila ɖoŋ tʋmɩyɛ ñɩŋgʋ yɔɔ
- 11 Salaŋ fenaɣ 2017 à 15:11 Hugo.arg ndɔncɔɔlɩyɛ tambasɩ kɛzɩ takayɩhayʋʋ Kpɛlɩkpɛlɛkʋʋ wonuu (composé chimique) ñɩŋgʋ nɛ Kpɛlɩkpɛlɛkʋʋ wonuu ñɩŋgʋ yɔɔ
- 11 Salaŋ fenaɣ 2017 à 15:11 Hugo.arg ndɔncɔɔlɩyɛ tambasɩ kɛzɩ takayɩhayʋʋ Lɩŋgamʋʋ (océan) ñɩŋgʋ nɛ Lɩŋgamʋʋ ñɩŋgʋ yɔɔ
- 3 Salaŋ fenaɣ 2017 à 15:31 Hugo.arg ndɔncɔɔlɩyɛ tambasɩ kɛzɩ takayɩhayʋʋ Ateyiizim (athéisme) ñɩŋgʋ nɛ Ateyiizim ñɩŋgʋ yɔɔ
- 3 Salaŋ fenaɣ 2017 à 15:31 Hugo.arg ndɔncɔɔlɩyɛ tambasɩ kɛzɩ takayɩhayʋʋ Fiyoolɔɣ (violon) ñɩŋgʋ nɛ Fiyoolɔɣ ñɩŋgʋ yɔɔ
- 3 Salaŋ fenaɣ 2017 à 15:30 Hugo.arg ndɔncɔɔlɩyɛ tambasɩ kɛzɩ takayɩhayʋʋ Kitaari (Guitare) ñɩŋgʋ nɛ Kitaari ñɩŋgʋ yɔɔ
- 3 Salaŋ fenaɣ 2017 à 15:30 Hugo.arg ndɔncɔɔlɩyɛ tambasɩ kɛzɩ takayɩhayʋʋ Klarɩnɛɛtɩ (clarinette) ñɩŋgʋ nɛ Klarɩnɛɛtɩ ñɩŋgʋ yɔɔ
- 3 Salaŋ fenaɣ 2017 à 15:30 Hugo.arg ndɔncɔɔlɩyɛ tambasɩ kɛzɩ takayɩhayʋʋ Piikolo (Piccolo) ñɩŋgʋ nɛ Piikolo ñɩŋgʋ yɔɔ
- 2 Salaŋ fenaɣ 2017 à 09:20 Hugo.arg ndɔncɔɔlɩyɛ tambasɩ kɛzɩ takayɩhayʋʋ Tuniizii (Tunisie) ñɩŋgʋ nɛ Tuniizii ñɩŋgʋ yɔɔ
- 2 Salaŋ fenaɣ 2017 à 09:19 Hugo.arg ndɔncɔɔlɩyɛ tambasɩ kɛzɩ takayɩhayʋʋ Kpɩtaʋ (Tissu) ñɩŋgʋ nɛ Kpɩtaʋ ñɩŋgʋ yɔɔ
- 2 Salaŋ fenaɣ 2017 à 09:19 Hugo.arg ndɔncɔɔlɩyɛ tambasɩ kɛzɩ takayɩhayʋʋ Tɔɔla wondu (Vêtement) ñɩŋgʋ nɛ Tɔɔla wondu ñɩŋgʋ yɔɔ
- 2 Salaŋ fenaɣ 2017 à 09:19 Hugo.arg ndɔncɔɔlɩyɛ tambasɩ kɛzɩ takayɩhayʋʋ Kpɩnɛ tɔnʋʋ (Cuir) ñɩŋgʋ nɛ Kpɩnɛ tɔnʋʋ ñɩŋgʋ yɔɔ
- 2 Salaŋ fenaɣ 2017 à 09:18 Hugo.arg ndɔncɔɔlɩyɛ tambasɩ kɛzɩ takayɩhayʋʋ Liidiye koozaɣ (Banque) ñɩŋgʋ nɛ Liidiye koozaɣ ñɩŋgʋ yɔɔ
- 2 Salaŋ fenaɣ 2017 à 09:18 Hugo.arg ndɔncɔɔlɩyɛ tambasɩ kɛzɩ takayɩhayʋʋ Kootidiivʊwarɩ (Côte d'Ivoire) ñɩŋgʋ nɛ Kootidiivʊwarɩ ñɩŋgʋ yɔɔ
- 2 Salaŋ fenaɣ 2017 à 09:18 Hugo.arg ndɔncɔɔlɩyɛ tambasɩ kɛzɩ takayɩhayʋʋ Wagaadugu (Ouagadougou) ñɩŋgʋ nɛ Wagaadugu ñɩŋgʋ yɔɔ
- 2 Salaŋ fenaɣ 2017 à 09:17 Hugo.arg ndɔncɔɔlɩyɛ tambasɩ kɛzɩ takayɩhayʋʋ Pɩnzɩ hiŋ niitozo you (Guerre de Trente Ans) ñɩŋgʋ nɛ Pɩnzɩ hiŋ niitozo you ñɩŋgʋ yɔɔ
- 1 Salaŋ fenaɣ 2017 à 08:22 Hugo.arg ndɔncɔɔlɩyɛ tambasɩ kɛzɩ takayɩhayʋʋ Hoye (Base) ñɩŋgʋ nɛ Hoye ñɩŋgʋ yɔɔ
- 1 Salaŋ fenaɣ 2017 à 08:21 Hugo.arg ndɔncɔɔlɩyɛ tambasɩ kɛzɩ takayɩhayʋʋ Kɛlɩkpɛlɛkʋʋ wonuu (élément chimique) ñɩŋgʋ nɛ Kɛlɩkpɛlɛkʋʋ wonuu ñɩŋgʋ yɔɔ
- 26 Kɩyɛɛna fenaɣ 2017 à 10:57 Hugo.arg ndɔncɔɔlɩyɛ tambasɩ kɛzɩ takayɩhayʋʋ Cɛkasɩ lɩzɩtʋ (rayonnement) ñɩŋgʋ nɛ Cɛkasɩ lɩzɩtʋ ñɩŋgʋ yɔɔ
- 26 Kɩyɛɛna fenaɣ 2017 à 10:56 Hugo.arg ndɔncɔɔlɩyɛ tambasɩ kɛzɩ takayɩhayʋʋ Newton ciiduu paɣtʋ ndɩ ndɩ (lois du mouvement de Newton) ñɩŋgʋ nɛ Newton ciiduu paɣtʋ ndɩ ndɩ ñɩŋgʋ yɔɔ


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Ʊranɩyɔm
Ʊranɩyɔm kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 92 nɛ yʊsaɣ ñɩŋa yɔ U, ɛ-tɛ nɛ akɩtɩnɩdɩ waa liɖe taa. Lʊlʊʊ taa ɛkɛ pʊtʊ naanaza tʊ ɖɔʊ hɔlʊʊ taa, ɛɖɔɔ kpem ɛkɩlɩ liidiye ñɩɣlɩm, pamaɣzɩ-ɩ nɛ mɔlɩbɩdɛnɩ yaa arɩsɛnɩkɩ, tɔrɩyɔm kpaɖa-ɩ ɖɔʊʊ tam naanaza. Paa hɔlʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa pana-ɩ cazʊ cazʊ, nɛ ɖɔɖɔ teŋgu lɩm taa.
Ɖɩcɔna kedeŋga kpeekpe taa pohuyuu ʊranɩyɔm pɩtalɩ tɔɔnɩ naa 60500 mbʊ yɔ pɩnaɣ 2015, nɛ pɛtɛyɩɣ kɔyɔ Kazakɩstan (39%), Kanadaa (22%), Ositrali (9%), Nizɛɛrɩ (7%), Ruusii (5%), Namibi (5%) nɛ Uzbekistan (4%).
Pawɩla ʊranɩyɔm keelee pɩnaɣ 1789 pɩtɩŋna Prusse tʊ Martin Heinrich Klaproth yɔɔ, ɛlɛ tɩŋna ɛwaɣ hɔlaɣ nakɛyɛ wiluu nɛ takʊʊ yɔɔ, pɔkɔna-ɩ-kɛ nɛ Joachimsthal Kiɖeɖeu ñɩɣlɩm tɛtʊ tɛ. Ɛwaɣ ŋga kaakɛ pechblende, pɩkɛ ʊranɩyɔm ñɩɣlɩm tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa kaawɛ U3O8 koŋ yɔ. Klaproth pɩza kɛlɛ ɛsaza miŋ kpaŋ nɛ ɛpɩzɩ ɛlɩzɩ ñɩɣlɩm pʊtʊ nɔyʊ ɛwɛ kpʊzɩyɛɛ. Ɛ-tɔm suzitu salaŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 24 pɩnaɣ 1789 Prusse kewiyaɣ taa lɛɣtʊ tʊmɩyɛ yɔɔ kandɩyaa nɛ ɛya se Ueber den Uranit, ein neues Halbmetall, peeɖe ɛya-ɩ urane yaa uranite kɛ pʊtʊnaa mba ɛɛba yɔ, ɛkɛtɩna uranus ŋgʊ William Herschel kaana pɩnaɣ 1781 yɔ.
Ɛ nɛ plɔŋ pa-nɔmɔʊ kɛ kʊyʊmʊ (ñɩɣlɩm pʊtʊ yuŋ tʊ lɛlʊ). Kɩɖam waa ŋñɩɩ yem pɩzɩɣ pʊkʊ ɛyʊ. Ɛyʊ sɔsɔ weyi ɛwɛ alaafɩya yɔ e-loyuu taa papɩzɩɣ pana ɛzɩ 0,02% lɩm taa nɛ tɔɔnasɩ taa. Pʊwayɩ lɛ, 67% ŋgʊ kɩɖɛʊ calɩm taa yɔ kɩyaɖɛ catʊʊ-pʊ nɛ pahɩna hɩm evemiye kʊyʊmɖɩyɛ.


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Keniya pʊʊ
Wakamba n̄ɩma cɔlɔ lɛ, Keniya pʊʊ tɔbʊ se « taataa pʊʊ » » Pʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩkɩlɩna kʊyʊʊ Keniya ɛjaɖɛ taa. Afrika tɛtʊ tɩŋa payɩ taa lɛ, Kilimanjaro pʊʊ wayi lɛ, Keniya n̄ɩŋʊ tɩŋna kʊkʊyʊmɩŋ taa. Keniya ɛjaɖɛ taa ɛyaa samaɣ nakayɩ wɛ Keniya pʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-liu tɛɛ kpɛɛɛ. Kpaɣ ki-liu tɛɛ ŋkpa ŋtalɩ “Batian” mbʊ yɔ, mɛtanaa 5 199 wɛna. Kpaɣ ki-liu tɛɛ nɛ ŋwolo “Nelion” lɛ, mɛtana naa 5 188 n̄ɛwɛna pɛhɛkʊ taa. Pʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩwɛ Keniya ɛjaɖɛ hɛkʊ taa ɖeyi ɖeyi. Kiwɛ “Equateur” nɛ hadɛ kɩŋ hɔɔlʊʊ taa. Kiposina Nairobi tɛtʊ ɛzɩ kilomɛtaa naa 150 mbʊ yɔ.
Tɛtɛɛ pɩɩn̄amsaa sɩŋŋŋ nɛ piseɣ nɛ kaaŋ sɔsɔŋ nɛ tɛtʊ pɩlɩʊ nɛ pɩkpaɣ nɛ pɩkpeeliu nɛ pikɔɔ pɩpɩsɩ Keniya pʊʊ. Mɩŋ sɔsɔŋ nɩyɛ kalɩna nɛ tɛtɛɛ kɩŋ helu helu nɛ pɩlɩzɩɣ kaaŋ sɔsɔŋ ɛnʊ tɛtɛɛ. Pɩlaba pɩnzɩ miliyɔɔ waa naadozo yɔ keniya pʊʊ ŋgʊ kikpaʊ sʊʊʊ mbʊ yɔ. Mbʊ payaɣ se “Calotte glaciaire” yaa lɩm pɛɛ yɔ mbʊ pamna pʊʊ ŋgʊ ki-yɔɔ kpi. Mbʊ yebina nɛ kɩ-yɔɔ kpaʊ caɣ kaɖɛ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ nɛ kɩwɛɛ ndɩ kpem nɛ pʊʊŋ lɛɛŋ. Kɩwɛna ɖɔɖɔ lɩm kujomɩŋ sakɩyɛ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ.
Kujomiŋ ɛnʊ ɛfaɣna ɖooo pʊʊ n̄ʊʊ taa nɛ pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩ ɖooo kataŋa taa. Pʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-n̄ʊʊ taa lɩm lɩʊna nɛ piniɣdiɣ Keniya ɛjaɖɛ hɔɔlʊʊ sɔsɔʊ. Eurɔpʊ tuuɖe ɛjaɖɛ taa n̄ɩnɩyaa n̄ana tɛtɛɛ n̄amsʊʊ mbʊ pɩnaɣ 1 849 taa. Pɔ-nɔyɔɔ ɖɛyʊ kɔyɔ ɖa-caa Johann Ludwig Krapt. Ɛlɛ, pɩŋaɣ 1883 kɛ lɛɣtʊ nɛ tɩlɩtʊ ndɩ ndɩ n̄ɩnɩyaa n̄ɩɣ nesi se toovonim lɛ, tɛtɛɛ n̄amsɩna nɛ miŋ sɔsɔŋnɩɩyɛ lɩɩna tɛtɛɛ nɛ pɩlɩzɩ kaaŋ sɔsɔŋ nɛ tɛtʊ nɛ pɩkpa pembem nɛ pɩkɔɔ pɩpɩsɩ pʊʊ sɔsɔu yelu yelu. Pɩnaɣ 1 887 taa kɛ pacalɩ pʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-yɔɔ kpaʊ ɛlɛ patatalɩ kɩ-n̄ʊʊ takaɣ taa hem. Ɖa-caa Halford John Mackinder nɛ ɛ-taabalaa pan̄aɣna pana nɛ pɔɖɔ nɛ patʊlɩ kʊ- n̄ʊʊ taa yeli. Ɖeɖe nɛ sɔnɔ mbʊ yɔ, nʊmɔŋ ɖɔ yem nɛ ɛyʊ pɩzɩɣ nɛ ɛɖɔ yem lɩŋŋŋ nɛ ɛkpa Keniya pʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa.
Tɩŋ nɛ n̄ɩtʊ ndɩ ndɩ n̄ɔ pʊʊ ŋgʊ kʊ yɔɔ kpaɣ kɩ-liu tɛ nɛ nɛ ŋkɔɔ ŋkɔɔ ŋtalɩ kʊ- n̄ʊʊ taa. Laʊ sɔsɔʊ nakʊyʊ wɛ ɖɔdɔ pʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩhɔɔlʊ; nakʊyʊ yɔɔ. Tɛtɛ kpɩna sɔsɔna nayɛ wɛ keniya pʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa. Mbʊ yebina nɛ pɔcɔzɩ-kʊ kaɖaɣ nɛ pata kpɛɛɛ se pakandɩ kpɩna an a-yɔɔ ɖeu nɛ a-taa na ɖiyɛ ɛtaale yem. Kaɖaɣ ŋga ka-taa kpɩna ana apɩsɩ ketenga kpeekpe ŋgbɛyɛ ŋɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ se “UNESCO” yɔ ɖɩ-n̄ɩm sɔsɔm nabʊyʊ. Pɩnaɣ taa lɛ, ɛyaa ,ɛzɩ 15 000 yɔ panaɣ powoki Keniya kaɖaɣ ŋga ka-taa nɛ patʊlɩ-wɛ nɛ pasʊʊ nɛ pana kpɩna sɔsɔna ndɩ ndɩ ana.


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Hasɩyɔm
Hasɩyɔm (yʊsaɣ mayaɣ kɔyɔ Hs) ɛkɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 108 yɔ. Palaba-ɩ kajalaɣ ɖeɖe pɩnaɣ 1984 pɩtɩŋna 208Pb(58Fe,n)265Hs yozinaʊ yɔɔ Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung (GSI) Darstadt ñɩnʊ Caama ɛjaɖɛ taa. IUPAC kaakpaɣ lɩmaɣza mbʊ se paya-ɩ hɩɖɛ se hanɩyɔm (Hn) pɩlɩna 0tto Hahn hɩɖɛ ɖʊ yɔɔ. Kɛlɛ ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1997 pʊtʊ ɛnʊ ehiɣ ɛ-hɩɖɛ kpaagbaa nɖɛ.
Lɩmaɣza ɛɛtaŋ mbʊ lɛ, kɛlɛ ŋgbɛyɛ ɖaɣnɩɣ labʊ lɩmaɣza lɛɛna pɩnzɩ kɩgbanzɩ wayi, pʊ-nɔmɔʊ taa papɩza pala agbele naa naalɛ nɛ hasɩyɔm 263. Paalabʊ hasɩyɔm 264 yɔ paɖana-ɩ paɣzʊʊ nɛ pañɩɣ nesi ɛ-yɔɔ pɩnaɣ 1984.
Paañɩŋa hasɩyɔm labʊ tɔm yɔɔ ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1984 pɩtɩŋna Caama ŋgbɛyɛ naɖɩyɛ yɔɔ nɛ ɖɩ-nɔɔ yɔɔ ɖɛyʊ kɔyɔ Peter Armbruster nɛ Gottfried Münzenberg kɛ nazɩyaa sɩɣlɩyaa yuŋ ñmba yɔɔ ñɩnɩyaa hɛkʊ taa tɛ ŋgʊ taa kɛ Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung, GSI) Darmstadt.
Pɩkɔma pɩnaɣ 1994 lɛ, kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ kedeŋga kpeekpe nɩnaʊ ŋgbɛyɛ (UICPA) tɔ se payaa pʊtʊ 108 se hasɩyɔm (nɛ yʊsaɣ mayaɣ kɔyɔ Hm) pɩlɩna Otto Hahn yɔɔ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ paatɛma maɣzɩɣ ottohahnium nɛ ɛlɛ tɛ yʊsaɣ mayaɣ kɔyɔ Oh, ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ pʊtʊnaa lalaa mba Hahn nɛ Lise Meitner (meitnerɩyɔm) patɩŋɩɣ ɖama wayɩ kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ kpata taa yɔ, nɛ pʊɖʊʊ hɩɖɛ pɛ-tɛ natʊ tɔm, mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ pɩɩkɛna waɖɛ paa nayʊ weyi lɛ, se ɛpɩzɩɣ ɛha ɛ-hɩɖɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛna yɔ.


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Palɛstiinii
Palɛstiinii (Arabɩɩ: فلسطين; Hɛbra: מדינה פלסטינית) kɛna hɩɖɛ nɖɩ paaya-ɖɩ ɖooo Hérodote aliwaatʊ taa nɛ pɩlɩɩna tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩwɛ Prɔsɩ Oriyaŋ cɔlɔ yɔ. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩwɛna teŋgu ŋgʊ payaɣ-kʊ se Mediteraanee yɔ nɛ kañɩmbʊsaɣ ŋga kɛwɛna Yɔɔrɩdaŋ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa; piyele nɛ hayʊ kiŋ lɛ, Sinayii tɛtʊ wɛna. Hɩɖɛ ɖɩnɛ weyi payawaɣ-ɩ se Hadr ien yɔ, ɛnʊ cɛlɩna-ɖɩ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ se ɛɖʊ kʊñɔŋ kɛ Yuuɖaa mba pɛtɛ wɛtʊ yɔɔ.
Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-kamasɩ nɛ ajɛya lɛɛna pɩtatʊ kpayɩ kpayɩ. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩwɛna Kalilee egeetiye, Samarii nɛ Yuudee ageeta hɔɔlɩŋ taa. Hayʊ kiŋ lɛ, tɛtʊ tʊnɛ nɛ ndʊ tɩzɩ ɖama nɛ kamaɣ yɔ ndʊ lɛ Fenesii nɛ Liibaŋ pʊʊ piyele hadɛ kiŋ lɛ, Filistii nɛ Idumee tɛtʊ wɛna. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩwɛna Yɔrdaŋ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa. Sɔnɔ taa yee pɔyɔɔdʊʊ Palɛstiinii tɛtʊ tɔm kɔyɔ, pɔyɔɔdʊʊ Izrɛɛlɩ tɔm, Palɛstiinii tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɛyaa wɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ yɔ pʊ-tɔm, Kaazaa hɔɔlʊʊ nakʊyʊ, nabʊyʊ taa lɛ Zɔɔrdaanii ɖoli ɖɔɖɔ, Liibaŋ nɛ hadɛ kiŋ nɛ Koolaŋ pʊʊ.
Ɖooo lɛ tɛtʊ tʊnɛ ndʊ pɛkɛdaɣna Kaanaɣ tɛtʊ, ɖenɖe pɛkɛdaɣ se Yeesu Krɩstʊ paaza ɛ-kacalaɣ hama lakasɩ labʊ nesi ɖɔkʊʊ ɖɛɖe yɔ, nɛ Isrɛɛlɩ tɛtʊ ɖɔɖɔ nɛ tɩwɛ Siirii hɔɔlʊʊ taa. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩkɛna krɩstʊ mba nɛ malɩŋ mba kɛ pɛ-tɛtʊ kiɖeɖɛtʊ.
Ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1920 taa Ajɛya kpeekpe ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ se SDN yɔ ɖɩɩkala ɛyaa lɛ, ɖɩɩna ɛyuaa 700 000 nɛ pa-taa lɛ Yuuɖaa mba kpɛnda ɛyaa 76 000. Pʊkɔma pɩnaɣ 1947 lɛ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ se UNESCO yɔ, ɖɩtasɩ ɛyaa kalʊʊtɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa nɛ pana malɩŋ ɛzɩ 1 200 000 yɔ nɛ Yuuɖaa mba ɛzɩ 600 000 yɔ.
Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ ndʊ Yuuɖaa mba kɛdɩɣ se Ɛsɔ ɖʊ tamaɣ se ɛkaɣ-wɛ tʊ cɛlʊʊ; nɛ tɩkɛna krɩstʊ mba tɛtʊ kiɖeɖetu nɛ peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ kɛŋna malɩŋ tɛtʊ kiɖeɖetu, peeɖe ciŋgili ŋgʊ payaɣ-kʊ se Al Aksaa yɔ kɩwɛ. Peeɖe pakɩlʊ ɛsɔ kʊɖʊm sɛʊ: Yuuɖaa mba, krɩstʊ mba nɛ malɩŋ aŋgba wɛɛ. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-taa panaɣ lona kiɖeɖena sɔsɔna ɛzɩ: Yeruzalɛm, Hebrɔɔ, Pɛtɩlɩhɛm, Safɛɛdɩ, Yerikoo, Hayifa, Karmɛlɩ pʊʊ, Akrɩ, Tiberalɩ kujomuu nɛ lona kiɖeɖena sɔsɔna lɛɛna ɖɔɖɔ.


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Charlie Chaplin
Charles Spencer Chaplin, pɛɖɛyɩ-ɩ se Charlie Chaplin kɛ Krandɩ-Pretaanɩ-tʊ nɛ palʊla-ɩ Lɔndrɩ kɛ ɖomaɣ fenaɣ 16 pɩnaɣ 1889 nɛ ɛsɩ saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ 25 pɩnaɣ 1977. Ɛyʊ ɛnɛ ɛkɛ mʊsɩ laɖu nɛ ɛlakɩ tanaʊ nɛ ɛɖʊ kɛlɛm kɛlɛmwaa yɔɔ nɛ payaɣ se sinimaɣ nɛ eluki wondʊ ɖɔɖɔ. Charlie Chaplin kɛ sinimaɣ taa sɔdʊ sɔsɔʊ nakʊyʊ pɩlɩɩna e-sinimaɣ taa weyi ɛyaa se Charlot yɔ. Charlie Chaplin paɣzɩɣ ɛ-tʊmɩyɛ labʊ yɔ pɩdɛɖɛ pɩnzɩ 65 ɛlɛ ɛwɛ kɛlɛm kɛlɛmnaa sakɩyɛ taa nɛ pɛɖɛ ɛzɩ 80 yɔ nɛ ɛ-ɖonɛ nɛ e-wezu caɣʊ nɛ taa yeba nɛ nabayɩ tɔŋ se ɛkɩlaɣ ɖɛlɛzɩɣ ɖɔm.
Palʊla chaplin kɛ Lɔndrɩ nɛ ɛ-caa tawɛɛ ɛnɛ e-ɖoo pɔ-cɔlɔ. Paawɛ kʊñɔŋ sɔsɔʊ nakʊyʊ taa nɛ e-ɖoo kaawɛ tanɩm taa ɖɔɖɔ pɩkɔɔ pɩsɩɩna pasɩ-ɩ ɖakʊtaa ŋgʊ kʊcɔŋna mba pa-ñʊntaa sɩda pazɩ yɔ pɔ-yɔɔ yɔ. Pɩlakaɣ mbʊ lɛ, Chaplin kaawɛna pɩnzɩ hiu nɛ naanza. Chaplin ɛnʊ ɛpaaza ɛ-tʊmɩyɛ lɛ ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ kagbaanzɩ. Charlie Chaplin paɣza ɛ-tanaʊ ɖooo pɩcatʊ nɛ ɛpaɣzɩna tanaŋ ndɩ ndɩ yem. Chaplin wɛna pɩnzɩ hiu nɛ nakʊ lɛ, ɛ-tɔm kɛdɩna ɛyʊ nɔɔyʊ payaɣ-ɩ se Fred Karno. Ɛyʊ ɛnɛ ɛkɛ weyi ɛsɔɔla se lɛlʊ ɛlakɩ nabʊyʊ nɛ eɖeke ɛɛpɩzɩʊ, ɛsɩna-ɩ. Pɩla mbʊ lɛ, Fred Karno nɛ Chaplin pɔcɔɔ Etaazuuni tɛtʊ taa nɛ pɔcɔɔ kpɛɛɛ. Ɛ-tɛ kacalɣ se ɛlaba amʊʊza nɛ pɩna-ɩ kɛlɛm kɛlɛm waa taa lɛ pɩnaɣ 1914.
Ɛ-tɛ sinimaɣ ŋgʊ ɛya-kʊ se: Pɩsa nɛ ɛyʊ hiu ɛ-tɩ nɛ takayaɣ ŋga ka-taa kɛ ɛlɩzɩ ɛ-ɛyʊ weyi ɛyaɣ-ɩ se Charlot. Pitasɩɩna-ɩ nɛ sinimaɣ tʊmɩyɛ ɖeke, ɛlaba hɔɔlɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ. Pɩnaɣ 1918 taa lɛ, Chaplin kaakɛ keteŋna kpeekpe taa sɔdʊŋ taa sɔdʊʊ ŋgʊ ɛyaa kaasɩma pɩɖɔɔ siŋŋŋ yɔ. Pɩnaɣ 1919 taa Chaplin nɛ ɛ-taabalaa palɩzɩ sinimaɣ takayasɩ ndɩ ndɩ: Kid (1921), Samaɣ lɩmaazɩyɛ (1923), Ɔɔrɩ wayɩ cɛɛndɩɣ (1925), Sirki (1928). Pɩwayɩ lɛ ɛlɩzɩ Tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ taa mʊntʊzʊʊ (1931) nɛ Alɩwaatʊ kɩfatʊ tɔm (1936).


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Lʊŋgɩyɛ heɣlim
Lʊŋgɩyɛ heɣlim kɛna heɣlim mbʊ pɩlɩʊna Afrika nɛ hayʊ kiŋ ɖenɖe payaɣ se Sahara yɔ nɛ Afrika nɛ hɛkʊ nɛ hɛkʊ nɛ pʊkɔɔ pɩtalɩ ɖooo Afrika wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa ajɛya kpeekpe tɩŋga taa. Pɩkɛna heɣlim mbʊ pɩmakɩna hʊyʊ kiŋ nɛ pɩfalɩɣʊna wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa yɔ. Lʊŋgɩyɛ heɣlim pʊinɛ pɩtɛe alɩwaatʊ lɛ, wɩsɩ taa lɛ sʊŋgaɣ wɛ pazɩ piyele nɛ ɖooo taa lɛ nikaɣ wɛ fɩnɩnɩnɩ.
Heɣlim pʊnɛ pʊkɔɔna wɩlɩŋ nɛ m:ʊzʊ. Afrika taa ɖekɛ kɛ Lʊŋgɩyɛ heɣlim pʊnɛ pɩmakɩ. Nabayɩ yaɣ-pʊ ɖɔɖɔ se lakɩŋ heɣlim mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ pɩtɛ alɩwaatʊ kɛ heɣlim pʊnɛ pɩmakɩ. Yee salaŋ heɣlim yaa helikagbaɣ ɛmakɩna hadɛ kiŋ nɛ pɩkpaɣna hayʊ kiŋ kɔyɔ, lʊŋgɩyɛ heɣlim pʊnɛ pʊbʊ ñamakɩna hayʊ nɛ pitikina hadɛ kiŋ.
Pɩpaɣzɩʊ ɛzɩ kamɩŋ fenaɣ taa yɔ nɛ pɩsɩɩna ɛzɩ lakɩŋ fenaɣ taa yɔ. Pɩtɛ alɩwaatʊ taa kɛ mbʊ yɔ ɛyaa hʊlʊmʊʊ nɛ pɔ-yɔɔ haɣ pɩtazmna ɛyʊ ndoma. Pɩtasɩ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, mʊzʊʊ lɩʊ nɛ pɩɩnaɣ poliŋ siŋŋŋ. Tɩŋ hatʊ natʊyʊ tɔʊ nɛ pɩkazɩ pilinzi ɖeke yɔɔɔ. Tɛʊ ɛɛnɩʊ lakɩŋ heɣlim tɛ alɩwaatʊ taa. Lʊŋgɩyɛ heɣlim lɩʊ lɛ, Sahara taa ɛsɔtaaz lɔɔɖa ɛtasɩʊ kɩlɩʊ kɛ ɖɔm mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ pɩ-taa nɛ mʊzʊʊ, kañɩŋga nɛ pɩɩsaŋ se ɛsɔtaa ɛtʊ kpayɩkpayɩ nɛ ɛyʊ na poliŋ taa.


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Paŋgii
Paŋgii kɛna tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩkɩla walanzɩ kɛ Santrafriki ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ cikpetu kpeekpe taa. Tɛtʊ ndʊ, ndʊ ɖɔɖɔ kɛŋna Santirafrika tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ. Ɛyaa mba pɛwɛ peeɖe yɔ pɛwɛʊ ɛzɩ ɛyaa miliyɔɔ kʊɖʊmʊʊ nɛ nasɩlɛ mbʊ yɔ (1 200 000). Purundi wɛ lɩm pɔɔŋga payaɣ se Ubaŋgi yɔ nɛ ke-nesi kɩpanzɩ yɔɔ kiŋ.
Pɔɔ ŋga, kɛwɛna Santirafrika nɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ payaɣ tobiɛ nɛ fransɩɩ taa se RDC yɔ pa-kamaɣ yɔɔ. Ubaŋgi pɔɔ ŋga, ka-lɩmɩyɛ yɔɔ kiŋ lɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ payaɣ-tʊ se Soŋgo yɔ nɛ tɩkɛ Kɔŋgo Kinsasa tɛtʊ yɔ ndʊ ñɛwɛna. Pɔɔ kanɛ keɖeke kañandʊna kpɛm ɛzɩma pɛtɛzɩna tadɩyɛ wondu kɛ Purundi tɛtʊ taa mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ lɩm wɛɛ nɛ pɩɩtɛŋ.
Ñɩɩtʊ kulubutu tʊma sɩm ndɩ ndɩ lu pɩsaŋ, tokonaa nɛ pantalaŋ, naakomnaa. Peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ pɔñɔɔzʊ tɔɔnasɩ kʊtɔɔsɩ nɛ pasɩɣ sɩɩwɛɛkʊʊ, patɩsʊ yaa pobuu kpalabanaa taa sʊlʊm nɛ pasaɣ fɔɔfɔɔnaa ɖɔɖɔ. Mbʊ pakɩlɩɣ pɛdʊʊ nɛ awayɩ yɔ lɛ tiyamaɣ, pɩsatʊ yaa yɔlɩtʊ, ɖasɩ, kɔfɩ nɛ taŋgbaka.
Ubaŋgi taa ɖɔɖɔ kɛ sukili sʊsɔʊ kɩtɛzʊʊ wɛɛ nɛ kʊkʊ ñɛkɛna mbʊ pɩkɛna tɔsʊʊ pɩyʊ kpem yɔ. Ɛzɩ Ubaŋgi ɛjaɖɛ kpeekpe taa yɔ, kʊnʊmɩŋ weyi pɔyɔɔdʊʊ komina tʊma taaa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, ŋgʊ lɛ saŋgo nɛ fransɩɩ.


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Claude Monet
Claude Monet kɛ Fransɩɩ tʋ. Ɛyaa sɩma-ɩ sakɩyɛ nɛ ɛ-hɩɖɛ ɖɩnɛ yɔ : Oscar-Claude Monet. Palʋlɩ-ɩ Parii tɛtʋ taa. Tɛtʋ ndʋ tɩkɛŋna Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ. Palʋla-ɩ kamɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ hiu nɛ naanza (14) wiye, pɩnaɣ 1840 taa. Ɛsɩba kamɩŋ fenaɣkɩyakʋ kagbaanzɩ (5) ñɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1926 taa Giverny tɛtʋ taa.
Ɖajaa Claude Monet lakaɣ tʋma sakɩyɛ. Ɛɛkɛ takayɩsɩ mayʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ. Egeetiye nɖɩ payaɣ ɖɩ Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa size nʋmɔʋ laffɩttɛ yɔ, ɖɩ-taa paacalaɣ-ɩ hɩɖɛ nɖɩ ɛsɛwaɣ se Oscar-Claude Monet yɔ sɛʋ, pacalaɣɩ yaʋ ɖɩ. Nɛ ɛ-palaɣ egeetiyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ ɖɩ size Havɩɖɛ yɔ ɖɩ-taa.
Ɛkɛkɛ piɣa ŋgaɣ kaasɔlaɣ anjaʋ waa lɩzʋʋ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ yɔ. Ɛpaɣzɩ anjaʋ waa lɩzʋʋ tʋmɩyɛ kpɛlɛkʋʋ sukili ŋgʋ payaɣ-kʋ size Fransɩɩ keɖeyaɣ tʋmɩyɛ ɖɩlaɖɛ yɔ kɩ-taa. Ɛ-wɩlɩyaa napayɛ hɩla yɔ: Jacques-Farnçois Ochard, Charles Glevre nɛ Eugène Boudin. Ɛyaa sɔsaa panɛ paɖʋna-ɩ nesi siŋŋ ɛ-tʋmɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa.Mba ɖɩyaɣ pahɩlaɣ cɩnɛ yɔ, mba ɖʋnɛɣɩ nesi ɛtʋmɩyɛ labʋ taa.


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Ovide
Palʊla Ovide kɛ lakɩŋ fenaɣ nɛɛlɛ pinaɣ 43 taa pʊcɔ palʊlʊʊ Yesu kɛ Sʊlʊmona tɛtʊ taa nɛ ɛsɩ ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakɩŋ 17 nɛ 18 pa-taa pɩnaɣ ɛlɛ ɛ-tɛ hɩɖɛ sɔsɔyɛ kɔyɔ Publius Ovidius Naso. Ɖooo ɛzɩ ɛkʊyʊ ɛ-tɛtʊ taa nɛ ɛɖʊ kʊyʊ kɛ Tomisi tɛtʊ taa, denɖe payaɣ sɔnɔtaa se Rumani yɔ.
Ɛkɛ keesi nɛ cɩmɩŋ maɖʊ nɛ ɛ-takayɩsɩ nzɩ pakɩla-sɩ sɩm yɔ, sɩ-taa kɔyɔ: Ɛzɩma pɔsɔɔlʊʊ yɔ (L'Art d'aimer) nɛ Tomnaɣ lɛɛzʊ (Métamorphoses). Ɛzɩma ɛ-mɔʊ ɖɛ cɛŋŋ yɔ, pɩ-yɔɔ yɔɔ pakʊma-ɩ hɩɖɛ se Naso. Jules César sɩba nɛ pɩla pɩnaɣ ɛlɛ palʊla Naso nbɛ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ Auguste kpikpa kewiyaɣ nɛ ɖoŋ nɛ tɛtʊ nʊʊtʊ lɩzʊ nɛ samaɣ yɔ nɛ kewiyaɣ ɛjaɖɛ lɛ, Ovide kaakɛ pɩɣa evelo. Auguste ñasɩba nɛ pɩlakaɣ pɩnzɩ ɛzɩ naatozo lɛ, Ovide ñatɩŋ ɛ-wayɩ.
Palɩla-ɩ ñɩm hɔʊ taa nɛ ɛnʊ ɖɔɖɔ mbʊ yɔ ɛwaa ñɩm mbʊ pʊ-yɔɔ. Ɛlaba e-sukuli kɛ Roma tɛtʊ taa nɛ peeɖe ɛkpɛlɛka nɔɔ leleŋ yɔɔdaɣ nɛɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 18 lɛ, ɛ-caa sɩna-ɩ nɛ ɛɖɛɛ nʊmɔʊ nɛ ewolo Atɛnɩ tɛtʊ taa. Ɛ-nʊmɔʊ kʊnɛ kɩpaza kɩɖʊkɩna-ɩ pɩkɩlina ɛ-takayɩsɩ nzɩ ɛma yɔ, pɩkɩlɩna ŋga ɛyaa se Tomnaɣ lɛɛzʊ yɔ (Les Métamorphoses).


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Pɔcɩwaanaa
Pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ 19 taa kɛ you sɔsɔʊ nakʊyʊ tuli Bɔɔcʊwaana ñɩma nɛ Ndebele cejewi ñɩma mba palɩna ɖooo Kalahari kañɩmbʊsaɣ ɛjaɖɛ taa yɔ hɛkʊ taa.
Pɩlaba mbʊ lɛ, laŋpɩyɛ sɔsɔyɛ naɖɩyɛ ñaɖaɣnlɩʊ alɩwaaatʊ ndʊ Poowɛɛrɩ hɔɔlʊʊ taa mba mba palɩna Transvaal taa pɔ;kɔɔ yɔ paɖʊ pɔ-nɔɔ lɛ. Kpaagbaa mbʊ lɛ, Bɔɔcʊwaana ñʊʊtʊ Khama III, Bathoen nɛ Sebele pama kobuka sɔsɔwa nɛ briitaaniiki ñɩma kpaɣ Pɔcɩwaanaa tɛtʊ nɛ pakandɩɩ ɖɩyɔɔ kpaɣ lakɩŋ fenaɣ 31 wiye pɩnaɣ 1885. Pɔcɩwaanaatɛtʊ ŋgʊ kʊhɔɔlʊʊ hayʊ kɩŋ ñɩŋgʊ pɩsɩna mbʊ payaɣ sɔnɔ se Pɔcɩwaanaa ɛjaɖɛ yaa kɛlɛʊ se Pɔɔcʊwaana yɔ. Piyele nɛ kɩ-tɛ hɔɔlʊʊ hadɛ ñɩŋgʊ lɛ kɩtamna Afrika nɛ kɩ-hadɛ kɩŋ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se l'Afrika Hadɛ kiŋ yɔ nɛ kɩwɛna peeɖe nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ nɛ hayɩ kɩŋ. Peeɖe ɛyaa yɔɔdɩɣ kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ payaɣ se setswana yɔ. Pɔcɩwaanaataa ɛyaa yɔɔdɩɣ Ɩŋglɩɩsɩ kʊnʊŋ nɛ cabɩ ñɔyɔɔdɩɣ cʊwaana. Ɛyaa mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ lɛ, 71 kɛ krɩstʊ ñɩma nɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ lɛ, 20 mbʊ yɔ ɛɛlakɩ cɔɔcɩ nakʊyʊ.
Mɩsɩkʊm fenaɣ 1964 kɛ Kiraandɩ-Pretaañɩ tɩsaa ndʊ Pɔcɩwaanaa komina kɔsɔɔla se kɩwɛɛ kɩtɩ-yɔɔ kpem yɔ. Pɩnaɣ kʊɖʊmaɣ wayɩ lɛ, powona kpelaɣ ŋga kaɖɩcaɣyɛ sɔsɔyɛ kɛ Afrika hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ taa; pɩñɔtɩna Gaborone tɛtʊ taa.
Pɩnaɣ 1965 taa kɛ pɔtɔ caca nɛ Pɔcɩwaanaa hiu kɩ-tɩ yɔɔ caɣʊ kɛ salaŋ fenaɣ 1966 nɛ weyi ɛɛkɩla lʊbʊ yɔ, pɔtɔ caca 1980 lɛ, samaɣ ñɔyɩ-ɩ nɛ palɩzɩ-ɩ se eɖɩ peeɖe samaɣ. Pɩnzɩ naanza wayɩ lɛ, paɖaɣnɩ tɔʊ caca nɛ palɩzɩ ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊdʊ kɩfalʊ nɛ ɛnʊʊ lɛ Quett Masire. Pɔtɔ cacana 1984, 1989, 1994 nɛ ɛnʊ pɛwɛ lɩzɩɣ yɔɔ nɛ pɩnaɣ 1998 lɛ, ɛmaɣmaɣ eyele kewiyaɣ nɛ ɛcaɣ se ɛhɛzɩ. Pɔtɔ caca 1999 lɛ, ñʊʊdʊ tɛɛ ñɩnʊ Ɖajaa Festus Mogae kpaɣ kewiitu nɛ patasɩ-ɩ lɩzɩɣ ɖɔɖɔ 2004. Ɛlɛ wayɩ lɛ kewiiu talɩna lotona-zeneraalɩ Seretse Ian Khama kɛ pɩnaɣ 2008. Wayɩ nɛ wayɩ ñɩnʊ ɛnɛ, ɛkɛ kacalaɣ peeɖe wiyao pɩyalʊ.


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Fenasɩ takayaɣ
Fenasɩ takayaɣ kɛna takayaɣ ŋga ka-taa nɛ alɩwaatʊ tɩŋga yɔ. Pɩsa nɛ ɛyʊ tɩlɩ mbʊ ɛla alɩwaatʊ tʊnɛ yaa tʊnɛ tɩ-taa lɛ, ɛtɛyɩ efemiye tɔm sakɩyɛ taa nɛ ɛlɩzɩ mbʊ pɩsɩna-ɩ kɛlɛʊ yɔ. Ɛyʊ cɔna ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩma kɩlɛmɩŋ cɔʊ yɔ lɛ, ɛzɩma tɛŋ nɩʊ ɖɔɖɔ yɔ lɛ, ɛzɩma lʊŋgɩyɛ kɔŋ nɛ pɩnzɩ lɛɛzɩɣ ɖama lɛ, ɛmaɣzɩ ɛ-taa nɛ ɛlɩzɩ takayaɣ ŋga ka-taa ɛpɩzɩɣ nɛ ɛtɛyɩ pɩnaɣ tɩŋga yɔ.
Takayaɣ ŋga ka-taa kɛ ɛɖʊwa se pɩnaɣ taa lɛ, tʊmɩyɛ ɖɩnɛ nɛ ɖɩnɛ kɛ ɛlakɩ yaa ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, sɔnzɩ sɩnɛ nɛ sɩnɛ kɛ pɩwɛɛ se palakɩ. Pʊ-yɔɔ kɛ ɛya efemiye se efemiye nɛ paa efemiye nɖɩ lɛ, ɖɩna ɖɩ-tɛyɩtʊ nɛ ɖɩ-tʊmɩyɛ. Afema wayɩ lɛ, kpɩtaŋ kɔŋna, ɛlɛ wayɩ lɛ fenasi, sɩ-wayɩ kɛ pɩnzɩ ñɛwɛ. Pɩtasɩɩna pɩnzɩ yeke, pɩnzɩ wayɩ kɛ mbʊ payaɣ se waɣsɩ yɔ sɩwɛɛ.
Efemiye taa ñɩɩtʊ 24 wɛna nɛ afema lʊbɛ lakɩna kpɩtaʊ. Fenaɣ taa lɛ avema 30 yaa 31 wɛna; ɛlɛ lɛlaɣ fenaɣ taa avema 28 yaa 29 wɛna. Fenaɣ taa lɛ, kpɩtaŋ 4 wɛna pɩsaɣ pɩnaɣ taa lɛ fenassɩ 12 wɛna.
Efemiye wɛʊ yɔ pɛtɛyɩ-ɖɩ hɔɔlɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ: cɩŋ cɩŋwaa 60 lakɩna cɛceyaɣ, cɛcɛsɩ 60 ñalakɩna ñɩɩyɩɣ kʊɖʊmʊ, piyele ñɩɩtʊ 24 lɛ pɩlaba efemiye. Efemiye taa ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, tanandɛɛ wɛɛ, wɩsɩ taa wɛɛ, ɖanaɣ ɖɔɖɔ ñɛwɛɛ nɛ pɩtasɩna ɖoo taa. Mbʊ mbʊ pɩwɛ paa efemiye nɖɩ, kpɩtaʊ ŋgʊ, fenaɣ ŋga, pɩnaɣ ŋga nɛ waaɣ ŋga ɖɔɖɔ lɛ.
Pɩsaa nɛ kalɩɣ wɛɛ kɛlɛʊ lɛ, ɛyʊ lɩza fenasɩ takayaɣ. Kpɩtaʊ taa kɩyakɩŋ hɩlaa yɔ:
Kacalaɣ fenaɣ tɛ kiyakʊ kɛ pɩnaɣ paɣzɩɣ. Pɩnaɣ taa fenasi kpɛnda 12 nɛ nzi yɔ:


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Laʊ pɩzatʊ
Laʊ pɩzatʊ kɛna pɩzatʊ ndʊ palʊ-tʊ nɛ tɛtɛ kpɩna hʊndʊ yɔ. Tɛtɛ wondu natʊyʊ sakɩyɛ lʊʊ laʊ pɩzatʊ ndʊ, pɩkɩlɩna ajaɣgoŋgonaa. Laʊ pɩzatʊ lʊya wɛ ndɩ ndɩ ɛlɛ Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa kɛ pakɩlʊ-tʊ tɔʊ. Sonzoo nayɛ ɖɔdɔ tɔʊ laʊ pɩzatʊ. Pɔtɔʊ laʊ pʒatʊ ndʊ ɖɔɖɔ nɛ kpootu ndʊ pahaʊ yɔ. laʊ pɩzatʊ tɔʊ lɩ ɖooo caanaʊ taa ɛzɩ pɩnzɩ 2000 nɛ 3000 taa pʊcɔ palʊlʊʊ Yesu. Lɔŋ sɩndɛ nɖɩ pakpakaɣ nɛ pɔtɔʊ nɛ laʊ pɩzatʊ ndʊ yɔ, tɩɩwɛ pɩnzɩ 2500 pʊcɔ palʊlʊʊ Yesu ɛlɛ pɩɩkɛna Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa.
Ɖenɖe palɩwaɣna-tʊ nɛ powokina ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa yɔ, mbbʊ yebina nɛ payaɣ habɩyɛ nɖɩ se laʊ pɩzatʊ habɩyɛ. Lɛɣtʊ ndʊ pɛmɛsa-tʊ tɛndɛŋga tɛɛ pʊkɔɔ pɩtalɩ pɩnzɩ 560 pʊcɔ ɖa-alɩwaatʊ tʊnɛ tɩtalɩ. Erɔpʊ taa lɛ, laʊ pɩzatʊ tɔʊ lɩ pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ looɖo taa. Piyele Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa lɛ pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ hiu nɛ naatozo taa.
Palʊ laʊ pɩzatʊ ndʊ kɛ wondu kʊsʊzʊtʊ ɛzɩ nikaɣ tokopnaaa yaa pɩsaŋ nɛ tɔɔla ndɩ ndɩ. Kacalaɣ laʊ pɩzatʊ tɔɔla wɛna ñɩnɩya lɩ a-yɔɔ yɔ pɩɩkɛna pɩnaɣ 2570 taa kɛ Siinɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa pʊcɔ ɖa-alɩwaatʊ talɩ. Laʊ pɩzatʊ lʊʊ lɛɣtʊ wɛɛ mbʊ mɛɛsaɣ tɛɛ nɛ mba papɩza nɛ pehiu pɩ-lɛɣtʊ ndʊ yɔ pɛkɛna cɔŋgɩyaa ɛzɩ ɛsɔsɛtʊ mba mba pese ɛyaa nɛ pɛwɛʊ peɖeke peɖeke nɛ payaɣ-wɛ ɖɔɖɔ se mʊwanɩ yɔ yaa abila sakɩyɛ. Pɔyɔɔ papɩzʊ pɔsxɔzɩ tada laɖaa.


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Gizeh tɛtʋ taa pɩlaŋ
Gizeh tɛtʋ taa naŋgɩŋ kɛ naŋgɩŋ weyi ɛkɩla walʋʋ kedeŋa yɔɔ cɩnɛ yɔ. Naŋgɩŋ ɛnʋ ɛwɛ Egipiti (Égypte) ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛwɛ Niili pɔɔ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ taa pʊʊ sɔsɔʋ nakʊyʊ n̄ʋʋ taa. Ɛ-taa pepiŋaɣ sɩɖaa ɖooo lɔŋ. Egipiti (Égypte) ɛjaɖɛ taa pɩlɑŋ kpɛndɩ tindima naanza taa: wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa pɩlaŋ wɛɛ, wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa ñɩŋ ñɛwɛɛ, hadɛ kiŋ pɩlaŋ n̄ɛwɛɛ nɛ hɛkʊ taa pɩlaŋ n̄ɛwɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ.
Wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa pɩlaŋ taa pepiŋ awiya nɛ a-lila taa n̄ɩma. Pʋ-yɔɔ pohuyi-i abila naŋ cɔlɔ. Wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ taa pɩlaŋ ɛnʋ ɛ-taa pepimi sɔdɩŋ ɛnɛ e-piya: Khéops, Kaouab Ier (G 7120 nɛ G 7110), Hordjédef (G 7220 nɛ G 7210) nɛ Khoufoukhaf (G 7140 et G 7130).
Wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa pɩlaŋ kɛna pɩlaŋ weyi pakɩlɩɣ haʊ ñamtʊ yɔ. Peeɖe pepima mastabas waa kpaɣ dynastie waa IV ŋkɔɔ ŋtalɩ VI taa n̄ɩma. Pɛtɛyɩ-ɩ tam naadozo taa nɛ pepiŋ layaa mba pepiŋ ɛyaa yɔ kajalaɣ hɔɔlʊʊ taa. Nabʊlɛ taa lɛ, mastabaswaa tɛ hɔɔlʊʊ; kʊ-kʊ taa pepiŋ mastabaswaa mba pan̄aŋ-wɛ nɛ pɩkɩlɩ yɔ. Peeɖe pepima sɔsɔ Vizir Hémiounou (G 4000). Wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa pɩlaŋ taa pepiŋ mastabaswaa mba paakɩlɩɣ-wɛ haʊ ñamtʊ yɔ.


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Samaɣ ñɩm lɩmaɣzɩyɛ
Samaɣ ñɩm lɩmaɣzɩyɛ pɩkɛ maɣzɩm sakɩyɛ nɛ politiki lɩmaɣza tɔm, ndʊ tɩkɛ se pañɩnɩ samaɣ tɛ nɩnaʊ tɔm nɛ tɔsʊʊ tɔm pɛwɛɛ siɣsiɣ yɔ. Lɩmaɣzɩyɛ kuɖum kɛlɛ ɛyaa tɩŋa ɛwɛɛ kɩmaŋ nɔɔyʊ ɛtatɔ se ɛkɩla lɛlʊ, kɔzɩ kɔzɩ ɛzɩ Karl Marx lɩmaɣzɩyɛ tɩnaa, nɔɔyʊ ɛtaakpaɖɩ lɛlʊ. Sakɩyɛ taa lɛ papɩzɩɣ palɩzɩ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-tɔbʊʊ pɩkɛ politiki tɔm, nɛ tɔm kɛdʊʊ taa lɛ ɖɩnɩɣ paasɩ-ɖɩ lɩmɩyɛ yɔɔ, nɛ ɛɩ-maɣzɩm keem kaakɛ paa anɩ ɛkpaɣ ɛjaɖɛ se ɖɩwɛ ɖeu. Ɛyaa pa nɛ yɔ palʊkɩna koomulum tɔm, nɛ pakandɩɣ samaɣ hɛkɩŋ taa nɩnaʊ tɔm yɔɔ.
Tɔmpiye nɖɩ ɖɩsʊʊ yɔɔdaɣ taa kpaɣ pɩnzɩ 1820 alɩwaatʊ taa, wɛɛ ana a-taa papaza kpɛlɩ tʊma sɔsɔna tʊmɩyɛ nɛ tɛtʊ naa lɩzʊʊ yaa pɩsɩtʊ tɔm. Pɩɩkɛ tɔm kuzuu nɛ ɖama kʊyɩnaʊ pɩlɩna ɛzɩma nesi tɛɛ tʊma laɖaa ɛwɛɛ weewee pe-fezuu caɣʊʊ taa yɔ, nɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɛyaa tɩŋa keŋkeŋ, mbʊ menɖeke mañɩm lɩmaɣzɩyɛ tɩnaa kaakɩla ɛyaa pa nɛ pɔyɔɔ caʊʊ.
Sukuli laɖaa sɔsaa Georges Bourgin nɛ Pierre Rimbert ñakpaɣ tɔm ndʊ ɛzɩ pɩkɛ samaɣ ŋga kalʊkɩ lɩmaɣza keem anɛ a-yɔɔ yɔ, paa anɩ ñɩm kpaɣ ɛzɩ haɖaʊ wondu yaa tʊmɩyɛ wondu, paa weyi ɛlakɩ tʊmɩyɛ wondu ɛzɩ ɛ-maɣmaɣ ɛtɩna-tʊ yɔ, pawɩlɩɣ ɖama tʊma ɛzɩma papɩzɩ pala nɛ samaɣ hiɣ hanaɣ yɔ. Tɔsʊʊ huuu nɔmɔʊ taa lɛ nɔɔyʊ ɛɛkɛyɩɣ pɩyʊ se eyeke ɛtɩna.
Tɔmpiye nɖɩ suwee ɖɩnɩɣ ɖɩ-tɔbʊʊ nɛ ɖɩlɩna le, Bertrand Russell lɩzɩ pɩnaɣ 1918 kpɛndɛ ñɩm lɩmaɣzɩyɛ tɔm, nɛ ɛtɔŋ nɛ pɩɣyɩyʊʊ tɔm pɩlɩna ɛzɩma pɩwɛɛ se tɛtʊ tiŋa ɛwɛɛ ɛyaa kpeekpe nesi tɛɛ nɛ ñɩm tɩŋa kɛ samaɣ tɩŋa pɩyʊ. Kɛlɛ tɔm ndʊ palakɩ-tʊ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa samaɣ nɩna ɖama se pɛkpeŋdɩ ñɩm yɔ a-taa kɛnɛ, naɖɩyɛ eesidiɣ.


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Margaret Thatcher
Palʊla Margaret Hilda Roberts, baronne Thatcher kɛ aloma fenaɣ 13 wiye kɛ pɩnaɣ 1925 kɛ Grantham tɛtʊ taa nɛ ɛsɩ ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kiyakʊ litoozo pɩnaɣ 2013 kɛ Lɔndrɩ tɛtʊ taa. Ɛkɛna Pritaniki ɛjaɖɛ ɖokɩyʊ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʊ. Ɛ-ñɩma tɛkɛ mba pe-nesi tɛɛ wɛɛ siŋŋ yɔ; ɛ-caa kɛ kʊtɔɔm pɛdɩyʊ nɛ e-ɖoo ñɛkɛ tɔɔla ñɛyɩyʊ. Ɛ-maɣmaɣ lɛ ɛlaba tɔm temiyaa sukuli. Pɩnaɣ 1959 kɛ ɛsʊ Kewiyaɣ kɩkpɛndaɣ taa nɛ ɛkɛ kewiyaɣ ŋga ka-taa takayaɣ taa mayʊ kacalaɣ ñɩnʊ kpaɣ pɩnzɩ 1970 pɩsɩɩna 1974.
Ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa lɛ hɔɔlʊʊ nakʊyʊ wɛɛ nɛ kɩkaɖʊ paɣtʊ kɩpɩndʊ yɔɔ kpam nɛ ɛnʊ kaakɛna kacalaɣ halɩ ñɩnʊ weyi ɛkɛ ɖɩ-nɔɔ yɔɔ ɖɛyʊ yɔ. Pɩtɩsɩɩna mbʊ yeke, kewiyaɣ ŋga ka-taa lɛ, ɛnʊ kɛŋna ɖɔɖɔ kacalaɣ halʊ weyi ɛkɛkomina nɔɔyʋ ɖɛyʊ kpaɣ agoza fenaɣ naanza pɩnaɣ 1979 pɩsɩɩna kamɩŋ fenaɣ 28 pɩnaɣ 1990. Margaret Thatcher tɛ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa Kewiyaɣ kɩkpɛndaɣ ŋga ka-taa ñam ñam lakasɩ kaawɛ ɛlɛ ɛnʊ ñaɣna pana nɛ ɛpɩzɩ ɛɖʊ paɣtʊ natʊyʊ nɛ pɩwɛɛ hɛɛɛ.
Kewiyaɣ ŋga ka-taa pʊwɛ kaɖɛ se ɛyʊ ɛpɩzɩ ɛkɛ kewiyaɣ ñʊʊtʊ naputozo taa ɖama yɔɔ ɛlɛ halʊ ɛnɛ, Robert Jenkinson (1812 à 1827) wayɩ lɛ, ɛpɩzaa ɛkɛ mbʊ nɛ ɖooo Winston Churchill wayɩ wayɩ yɔ ɛkɛ weyɩ ɛ-hɩɖɛ kɩlʊʊ se ɛɖɔka kewiyaɣ ŋga camɩyɛ yɔ. Margaret Thatcher kaakɛŋna ñʊʊtʊ weyi paakɩla sɔɔlʊ nɛ weyi ɖɔɖɔ pakɩlaɣ tʊʊ yɔ. Ɛ-lakasɩ nasɩyɛ taa kɛ pɩnaɣ 1976 taa Soviyetiki sɔɔjana tʊʊ-ɩ hɩɖɛ se « Dame de fer » mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ ɛkpakaɣ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-tɛ komina lakasɩ, communisme, ɛzɩ nzɩ sitamʊna yɔ nɛ piya nzɩ sikizaɣ tʊma nayɛ kɛ labʊ yaa tɔɔnasɩ tɔɔʊ mbʊ yɔ sɩcaɣ se sɩwɩɩ ɛyaa yɔ.
Paa nɛ mbʊ yɔ ɛlʊba e-kewiyaɣ yɔɔ nɛ ɛyaba keteŋa kpeekpe ñʊʊ nɛ ɛ-lɩmaɣza ndɩ ndɩ yɔɔ. Pɩsɩna Tony Blair ɖɔɖɔ nɛ ɛlɛ pɩkzɩ ɛɖɔkɩ kewɩyaɣ ŋga camɩyɛ ɛlɛ tɛ alɩwaatʊ taa.


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Kurom
Kurom kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-tɛ ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 24 nɛ yʊsaɣ ñɩŋa Cr. Tɔmɩŋ ɖɩlɩyɛ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ lɛ ɛ-hɩɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩlɩna krɛkɩ kʊnʊŋ taa se chroma nɛ ɖɩ-tɔbʊʊ se tɔlɩm, mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ kurom taa pʊtʊnaa wɛna sɛmɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ. Patakaa nɛ pana tɔŋ ñɩma wena aawɛ pɩlaŋ weyi ɛɛkɛ ɖooo kpaɣɖʊ naatozo ŋgʊ tɛmtʊ alɩwaatʊ AC kɛ wɩyaʊ sɔsɔ Qin pʊñɔtɩna Xi’an, Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa yɔ tɔbɩŋ.
Paa pɩlaŋ ɛnʊ ɛɛwɛ pɩtalɩɣ pɩneɩ pɩcɛzɩɣ kudokiŋ naalɛ, ɖooo arɩbalɛtɩ anasaayɩ tatasɩ nɛ you kɩgbɛsɛmɩŋ weyi palaba-ɩ nɛ prɔnzɩ ɛ-taa nabʊyʊ tabʊʊ kaʊ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ kurom kaahuzina prɔnzɩ yɔɔ. Kurom labɩ tʊmɩyɛ piŋ Wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ ajɛyɛ taa kpaɣɖʊ 18 ŋgʊ alɩwaatʊ taa. Pɩnaɣ 1761 alɩwaatʊ taa Johann Gottlob Lehmann na ñɩɣlɩm tɛtʊ natʊyʊ kɩsɛmɩŋ caʊʊ Oural pʊŋ taa nɛ ɛya-tʊ se Siberii pɩlɔŋ kɩsɛmʊʊ.
Pɩnaɣ 1770 alɩwaatʊ taa kɛ Peter Simom Pallas woba ɛna lone kʊyʊmdɩyɛ ɛzɩ Lehmann yɔ nɛ ɛna pɩlɔŋ ñɩɣlɩm tɛtʊ kɩsɛmɩtʊ, nɛ kpɛɖɛyɛ pacaŋ palakɩ-ɩ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ ɛzɩ kpanjaɣ kɛ tɔlɩm tʊma ɖeɖe. Palakaɣ tʊmɩyɛ Siberii pɩlɔŋ kɩsɛmʊʊ ɛzɩ kpanjaɣ mbʊ lɛ, ka-tʊmɩyɛ caŋ pɩɖɛna ɛsɩnda lɔŋ lɔŋ nɛ caʊʊ sɛmɩŋ weyi ɛñɩɣlɩsaɣ yɔ nɛ ɛlɩna krokoyiti tɛ yɔ kaapɩsa pɩyʊ siŋ wɛɛ ana a-taa.
Kpaɣ kpaɣɖʊ 18 alɩwaatʊ taa, pakɩlaɣ labɩnaʊ tʊmɩyɛ kurom kɛ tɔlɩm taʊʊ hɔɔlʊʊ taa ɛzɩ kpanjaɣ yɔ. Paɣzɩtʊ taa lɛ, krokoyiti ŋgʊ kɩ-tɛ nɛ Ruusi kiŋ yɔ kaakɛna kajalaɣ kiɖe yaa kiɖe sɔsɔyɛ ɛlɛ, pɩnaɣ 1827 pana kurom wondu ɖɩcayɛ sɔsɔyɛ naɖɩyɛ kɛ Etaazuunii ɛjaɖɛ taa pɩñɔtɩna Baltimore. Etaazuunii ɛjaɖɛ pɩsɩ mbʊ lɛ kajalaɣ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa pakɩlɩɣ labʊ kurom yɔ, pɩkɔɔ pɩsɩna pɩnaɣ 1848 alɩwaatʊ ndʊ pana ɖɔɖɔ kurom pʊtʊnaa ɖɩcaɣyɛ pɩñɔtɩna Bursa, Turkii ɛjaɖɛ taa.


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Elizabeth 2
Elisabeth 2 tʊ (Ɛŋglɩsɩ kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ, Elizabeth 2), palʊla-ɩ ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 21 pɩnaɣ 1926 Mayfair tɛtʊ taa (Londres), ɛkɛ abiɖe ɛgbam yaa wiyaʊ halɩñɩnʊ kɛ Kewiyaɣ kɩkpɛnaɣ ɛjaɖɛ taa kɛ Bretñɩ nɛ Irland nɛ hayɩ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ, ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ Commonwealth of Nations ñʊʊ tʊ, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ ajɛyɛ mɛwɛ man-tɩ yɔɔ waa wena akpɛndɩ nɩɩnɩwa nɛ naalɛ yɔ.
Alɩwaatʊ ndʊ ɛ-caa George 6 kpaɣ kewiyitu yɔ pɩnaɣ 1936 pɩlɩna mbʊ ɛ-ɖalʊ Edouard 8 kiza kpelaɣ yɔ, lɛ Elisabeth pɩsɩ peyebina-m ñɩm pɩɣa Ɛŋglɩsɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Pɩkɔma kedeŋga kpeekpe you naalɛ ŋgʊ alɩwaatʊ lɛ, Elisabeth sʊʊ Auxiliary Territorial Service, pɩkɛ sɔɔjɛtʊ tʊmɩyɛ kɛnɛ. Pɩkɔɔ kamɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 20 pɩnaɣ 1947 lɛ, ɛwalɩ Philip Mountbatten ɛlɛ ɛlʊlʊʊna pɩyaa naananza nzɩ yɔ Charles, Anne, Andrew nɛ Edward.
Elizabeth kpaɣ kewiyitu kpelaɣ Aŋglɩtɛɛrɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa lɛlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 6 pɩnaɣ 1952, kɛlɛ ɛpɩsɩ lʊbɛ ajɛyɛ wena awɛ a-tɩ yɔɔ kɛ Commonwealth taa ana yɔ Afrika nɛ Hadɛ yɔɔ ɛjaɖɛ, Ositralii, Kanada, Ceylan, Seelandɩ Kɩfalʊʊ, Pakisitan nɛ Royaume-Uni. Kpaɣ pɩnzɩ 1956 nɛ 1992 hɛkʊ taa e-kewiyitu tɛtʊ naa lɛɛzɩ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, ageeta naayɛ pɩsa awɛɛ a-tɩ yɔɔ nɛ halɩ lɛɛna pɩsɩ ajɛyɛ maɣmaɣ.
Pʊsɔzɩna Ositralii, Kanada, Zelande Kɩfalʊʊ nɛ Kewiyaɣ Kɩkpɛndaɣ ɛjaɖɛ lɛ, Eliwabeth kewiyitu talɩ ajɛyɛ anɛ ɖɔɖɔ Jamaïki, Barbade, Bahamas ɛyaa tɛ, Grenade, Papouasie-Guinée Kɩfalʊʊ, Salomon lɩm hɛkʊ taa ajɛyɛ, Tuvalu, Lucie Kiɖeɖeu, Vincent Kiɖeɖeu nɛ Grenadine, Belize, Antigua nɛ Barbuda nɛ Kristofi Kiɖeɖeu nɛ Nivisi ajɛyɛ.


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Kɩyɛɛna
Kajalaɣ tɔɔnaɣ ŋga kabɩyɛ tʋ kpakɩɣ hayɩm taa yɔ, ka-kasandʋ payaɣ se kɩyɛɛna. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se poɖuu ɖomaɣ fenaɣ taa, pakʋ mɩsɩ, kɛtɛŋ nɛ hɛ naayɛ paɣzɩ pɩʋ hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ ɖɩtɛnɖɛ. Kajalaɣ tɔɔna ŋ́ga ka-kasandʋ kabɩyɛ tʋ tɔkɩ kɩyɛɛna fenaɣ taa. Pʋ-yɔɔ ɖɔɖɔ paya fenaɣ ŋ́ga se kɩyɛɛna fenaɣ.
Kɩyɛɛna kɩyakʋ wiye paa haɖʋ weyi ɛn̄ɩnɩɣ se panɩɩ sanɖaʋ taa ɛ-tɛ. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ yee pɔsɔba sɔkɔɖɔ nɔɔyʋ tɛ kɩyɛɛna wiye yɔ, pʋwɩlɩɣ se pʋdʋ kɛ haɖʋ siŋŋ. Kɩyɛɛna wiye ɖɔɖɔ papaɣ cɩmʋʋ akpema tɛ. Yee akpenu nɔɔyʋ ɛkɛwɛna ɖaŋ nɛ ɛ-ɖaŋ ɛnʋ ekpezina-ɩ kɔyɔ, kɩyɛɛna wiye ɛ-ɖaŋ ɛnʋ ɛɖʋʋ cɩmʋʋ ɛ-akpenu ɛnʋ ɛ-tɛ nɛ ɛkpaɣ-ɩ halʋ puwiye.


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Hydraulique
"Hydraulique" kɛna mbʋ payaɣ se physique yɔ pi-piliŋa nakɛyɛ. Piliŋa ŋ́ga kɔcɔŋnana mbʋ poyolaa nɛ pikpeŋ wɛlɛlɛ yɔ pʋ-yɔɔ, kɔzɩ kɔzɩ lɩm nɛ num.
"Hydraulique" kɛna pɩlʋʋ ŋgʋ kɩcɔŋna hɔɔlɩŋ naalɛ yɔɔ yɔ, paa tokaɣ ɛwɛ hɔɔlɩŋ ɛnʋ ɛ-naalɛ ɛ-hɛkʋ taa kɔyɔ. Hɔɔlɩŋ ɛnʋ, ɛnʋʋ yɔ :
- Kajalaɣ hɔɔlʋʋ kɔyɔ mbʋ payaɣ se lɩm tɛ "sciences" nɛ pɩ-tɛ "technologies" waa. Mba cɔŋnana ɛzɩma mbʋ pala lɩm nɛ tʋmɩyɛ yɔ.
Ɛzɩ mbʋ payaɣ se "hydrologie" nɛ mbʋ payaɣ se "hydraulique urbaine" nɛ mbʋ payaɣ se "hydrogéologie" yɔ (ɩ́cɔna mbʋ payaɣ se "Portail Eau" nɛ ɩna).
- Hɔɔlʋʋ naalɛ n̄ɩŋgʋ lɩm mbʋ pʋwɛ pompɩnaa taa yɔ pɩ-tɛ "sciences" nɛ pɩ-tɛ "technologies" waa.
Ɛzɩ mbʋ payaɣ se "hydromécanique" nɛ mbʋ payaɣ se "oléohydraulique" nɛ mbʋ payaɣ se "moteur hydraulique" nɛ mbʋ payaɣ se "pompe oléohydraulique" nɛ mbʋ payaɣ se "presse hydaulique" nɛ mbʋ payaɣ se "machine hydraulique" yɔ…
Ɖooo lɛ, "hydraulique" kɛkɛŋna piliŋa ŋga kawɩlɩɣ ɛzɩma mbʋ pamaɣzɩ lɩm nɛ ɛzɩma mbʋ lɩm ɛtɩŋɩ yɔ nɛ ɛzɩma mbʋ pakpazɩ lɩm yɔ. Pɔmpɩnaa pakpakaɣ nɛ palakɩna tʋma ana. "Hydraulique" cɔŋnana pɔmpɩnaa yɔɔ nɛ mba payaɣ se "plombiers" waa yɔ, papa n̄ɔcɔŋnana ɛzɩma mbʋ lɩm ɛtɩŋ nɛ pɩɖɛɛ pɔmpɩnaa taa yɔ.


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Farsoovii
Farsoovii kɛna Poolɔñɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ kpaɣna pɩnaɣ 1596. Pɩnaɣ 2012 taa pakala ɛyaa kɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa lɛ, pakpɛnda ɛyaa 3 100 000 nɛ tɩ-hɛkʊ taa ɖeyi ɖeyi lɛ, ɛyaa kpɛnda 1 726 581 piyele nɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-walanzɩ taa maɣna ɛkɩtaarɩnaa ɛzɩ 51 724 yaa kilomɛtanaa 517,24 km2.
Payaɣ Farsoovii maalika ñʊʊtʊ kpaɣna pɩnaɣ 2006 se H. Gronkiewicz-Waltz (PO).
Ɛzɩ tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ lɛɛtʋ ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, Farsoovii tɛtʊ nɛ ajɛya lɛɛna taa tɛtʋ ɖʋ taabalɩyɛ nɛ palakɩ tʋm kʋɖʋma se tɔsʋʋ nɛ ɛsɩnda wobu ɛɖɛɛna poliŋ. Tɛtʋ ndʋ yɔ: Astana (Kazakistaŋ), Pɛrɩlɛɛ nɛ Tusɛlɩdɔfɩ (Caama), Pudapɛstɩ (Hɔŋgirii), Sikaagoo (Etaazuni), Kronsɩnii nɛ Mɔsɩkʊʊ (Rusi), Hamamamacʊ (Sapɔŋ), Hanuwayɩ (Fɩyɛtɩnam), Harbɛɛ (Siini), Isitambʊli (Turki), Kiiv (Ukirɛɛnɩ), Haayɩ (Peyiibaa), Ɔsɩloo (Nɔɔrɩvɛɛzɩ), Riga (Litonii), Riyo de Janayiroo (Piresiili), Sewuli (Kooree nɛ hadɛ), Tɛlɩaviivi (Isiraɛlɩ), Toranto (Kanada) nɛ Filnuwisi (Lituwanii).


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Afganistani
Afɩganɩstaanɩ ɛjaɖɛ kɛ Malɩŋ ɛjaɖɛ nɛ ɖɩwɛ Aazii nɛ hɛkʋ nɛ hɛkʋ taa. Afɩganɩstaanɩ ɛjaɖɛ fɛyɩ teŋu nɔɔyɔɔ nɛ ajɛya anɛ acɔna-ɖɩ nɛ ataa kpɛɛ: Pakɩstaaŋ, Siini, Tadjikistaŋ, Tuurikimenistaŋ, Uzibeekistaŋ, Iraŋ.
Ɛjaɖɛ ŋɖɩ ɖɩwɛ Aasii hɛkʊ nɛ hɛkʊ nɛ ajɛya sakɩyɛ tɩŋʊʊ na ɖɩ-hɛkʊ taa. Ɖoo lɔŋda lɛ, ajɛya wena aasɔɔlaa se ala tadɩyɛ nɛ awolo India ɛjaɖɛ taa yɔ, anɔsɩ yɔɔ ɖɛya tɩŋaɣna. Pa-taa nabayɛ kɔyɔ: Cyrus Sɔsɔ, Alexandre Sɔsɔ, Gengis Khan, nɛ Bâbur.
Biritaanikimba nɛ Afɩganɩstaanɩ waa pɛ-tɛ you naalɛ ñɩŋgʊ wayɩ lɛ, Biritaanikimba ɖaŋɩ Afɩganɩstaanɩ mba se pataaɖʊkɩna akeɣta naayɛ yɔɔ, ɛlɛ poɖuu kpem se paaɖʊʊ pɔnɔɔ kɛ hɔɔlɩŋ weyi pɩkazaa yɔ ɛ-taa. Pɩkpaɣna pɩnaɣ 1879 mbʊ yɔ, Afɩganɩstaanɩ pɩsa ɛjaɖɛ pilim nɛ kɩwɛɛ kɩ-tɩ yɔɔ kpaagbaa wɛʊ pɩnaɣ 1919 ŋga taa.
Pɩnaɣ 1919 taa lɛ, you tozo ñɩŋʊ nakʊyʊ tasɩ lɩʊ kɛ Afɩganɩstaanɩ nɛ Biritaanikimba pɛhɛkʊ taa nɛ Afɩganɩstaanɩ sɔɔjana wa po-kooyindinaa Rawalipindii nɛ pɩha wɛɛ lɛɛlɛyɔɔ waɖɛ nɛ palʊkɩ pa-yɩm yɔɔ kɛ ajɛya lɛɛna taa. Pɛ-tɛ abalɩtʊ ndʊ tɩyebina nɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ pɩwa-ɖɩ waɖɛ nɛ ɖɩsʊʊ ajɛya kpeekpe ŋgbɛyɛ kɩkpɛndɩɣ ŋgbɛyɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se Société des Nations yɔ ɖɩ-taa kɛ pɩnaɣ 1921 taa. Pɩkɔma pɩnaɣ 1979 taa lɛ, ɖama nɩnaʊ nɛ taabalɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖiwɛ URSS nɛ Afɩganɩstaanɩ yɔ ɖɩ-yɔɔ lɛ, Sooviyeetiki sɔɔjanaa wolo nɛ pasɩna hɔɔlʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩwɛ kewiyaɣ yɔɔ yɔ yonaʊ kɛ mba palɩɣna keewiyaɣ hayɩ yɔ.
Kpaagbaa mbʊ lɛ, Etaazuunii ñetiina pɔ-sɔɔjana nɛ peyele poyoona Sooviyetiki mba kɛ pɩnaɣ 1989 taa. Pɩla mbʊ lɛ, 1996 pɩnaɣ taa lɛ, Malɩŋ komina ŋgʊ payaɣ se Taliibaŋ yɔ, kɩmʊ kewiyaɣ nɛ pɩtatɩɩ leeɖiɣu lɛ, pɩnzɩ kagbanzɩ wayɩ lɛ, ajaya kpeekpe kɩkpɛndɩɣ ŋgbɛyɛ ɖɔnɩ-wɛ keewiyaɣ yɔɔ.
Pɩkpaʊ nɛ pɩnaɣ 2001 yɔ, Afɩganɩstaanɩ ɛjaɖɛ pɩsa « Malɩŋ ɛjaɖɛ » nɛ ɖɩwɛɛna ɖɩ-ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊdʊ nɛ ɖɩ-kewiyaɣ yɔɔ cɔnɩyʊ.


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Nɩŋgbanzɩ kagbanzɩ nzɩ ŋpɩzɩɣ ŋkpɛzɩ nɛ ŋyele sʋlʋm kpaŋʋʋ paa ŋwɛ nɩɣzɛ taa yɔ.


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Wɩsɩ cejewiye
Wɩsɩ cejewiye kɛ ɖe-kedeŋa kanɛ kɛ-tɛ sisitɛɛmɩ, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se mbʊ pʊcɔ wɩsɩ kpɛɛɛ nɛ pɩta yɔ. Yee mbʊ ɖɩnaɣ se wɩsɩ wɛ kedeŋa hɛkʊ taa ɖeyi ɖeyi. Tɛtʊ posina wɩsɩ posinaʊ mbʊ yɔ piyekina nɛ ɛyʊ pɩzɩɣ ɛcakɩ wezuu. Tɩtakɩlɩ ñɔtɩnaʊ wɩsɩ kpam. Tɩɩkɩlɩ ñɔtɩnaʊ wɩsɩ yɔ, ɛyʊ kañaɣ mulu mulu. Tɩtakɩlɩ posinaʊ wɩsɩ ɖɔɖɔ. Tɩɩkɩlɩ posinaʊ ɖɔɖɔ wɩsɩ yɔ, ɛyʊ kapɩsɩ ɖompiye. Mbʊ pɩkpɛndɩ kpɛm nɛ payaɣ se wɩsɩ cejewiye yɔ, mbʊʊ yɔ : tɩnzɩ nɛ wɩsɩ nzɩ sɩ-maɣmaɣ nɛ ɛsɔdaa wondu lɛɛtʊ ndɩ ndɩ. Tɩnzɩ nɛ ɛsɔdaa wondu lɛɛtʊ ndɩ ndɩ ndʊ, tɩcɔʊ wɩsɩ nɛ tɩtaŋ. Planɛɛtɩ waa lutuzo cɔʊna wɩsɩ nɛ pataŋ. Mbʊ payaɣ se sateliiti waa yɔ, papa ñɛkpɛndɩ mɩnʊʊ nɛ nɩɩnʊwa nɛ nɛɛlɛ nɛ kakgaanzɩ (175). Sateliiti waa mba payaɣ se «lunnes» waa. Planɛɛtɩ waa cikpema ñɛkpɛndɩ kagbaanzɩ (5). Mbʊ payaɣ se astroyiidi waa yɔ, papa talɩ miiliyaarɩ waa ndɩ ndɩ. Planɛɛtɩ waa cikpema lɛlaa ñɛwɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ. Mbʊ payaɣ se komɛɛtɩ (comètes) waa yɔ, papa ñɛwɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ. Planɛɛtɩ waa hɛkɩŋ taa mʊzʊʊ ñɛwɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ. Wɩsɩ cejewiye wɛ mbʊ payaɣ se Fʊwa lakɩtee yɔ pɩ-taa. Wɩsɩ cejewiye posina Fʊwa lakɩtee ɛzɩ 8kpc yɔ mbʊ yɔ.
Mbʊ pɩkpɛndaa nɛ payaɣ se wɩsɩ cejewiye yɔ, mbʊʊ yɔ : wɩsɩ nzɩ sɩ-maɣmaɣ nɛ planɛɛtɩ teliiriki (planètes telluriques) waa. Papa kpɛndɩ naanza. Mbʊ payaɣ se astroyiidi waa yɔ papa ñɛwɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ. Wondu cikpetu ndʊ tɩkɛ kaaŋ yɔ, ndʊ kpɛndɩna nɛ payaɣ se astroyiidi waa. Tɩwɛ ɛzɩ tambaɖɛ yɔ. Planɛɛtɩ waa sɔsaa ñɛwɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ. Papa ñɛkpɛndɩ kagbaanzɩ. Pa-taa lɛ, naalɛ taa wɛ kaazɩ (gaz) nɛ naalɛ lɛlaa taa ñɛwɛɛ klaasɩ (glaces). Tambaɖɛ lɛɛɖɛ ñɛwɛɛ. Ɖɩɖɩ payaɣ se «Kuiper tambaɖɛ». Wondu ndɩ ndɩ ndʊ tɩ-taa wɛ klaasɩ (glaces) yɔ, ndʊ ñɛwɛna tambaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩɖɩ taa. Heelim sɔsɔm naalɛ makɩ. Payaɣ lɛɛbʊ se faaɣ sɔɔlɛɛrɩ (vents solaires) nɛ lɛɛbʊ se faaɣ kalakɩtiiki (Vents galactiques). Heelim naalɛ mbʊ, pɩmakɩ nɛ pɩsɩɩnɩ ɖenɖe yɔ payaɣ se heeliyopoosi. Heelim mbʊ pʊ-ñʊʊ yɔɔ lɛ, ɖɩnaɣ mɩndʊ ndʊ payaɣ se Oorɩtɩ mɩndʊ (nuage d’Oort) yɔ. Wɩsɩ cejewiye posini wɩsɩ ɛzɩ mbʊ payaɣ se anee-liimiyɛɛrɩ (année-lumière) yɔ kʊɖʊmaɣ (1) yaa naalɛ (2) mbʊ yɔ.
Planɛɛtɩ waa mba pɔcɔʊ wɩsɩ cejewiye nɛ pataŋ yɔ, mbaa yɔ. Ɖɩpɩlɩɣ-wɛ, kpaɣna planɛɛtɩ ŋgʊ kɩkɩla ñɔtɩnaʊ wɩsɩ cejewiye yɔ nɛ puwolo pɩsɩɩna ŋgʊ kɩkɩla posinaʊ wɩsɩ cejewiye nɖɩ yɔ. Planɛɛtɩ waa mba, mbaa yɔ :
Planɛɛtɩ waa wɛna mbʊ payaɣ se sateliiti waa yɔ, Mɛɛrɩkiiri nɛ Feeniisi pɛfɛyɩna. Sateliiti waa mba pɔcɔʊ ɛsɔdaa nɛ pataŋ. Mbʊ payaɣ se mʊzʊʊ aanoo waa sisitɛɛmɩ (système d’anneaux de poussière) yɔ pa nɛ wondu cikpetu lɛɛtʊ ndɩ ndɩ pɔcɔ planɛɛtɩ waa naanza nabɛyɛ nɛ pata. Room caanaʊ tɔm ñakpaɣ Tɛtʊ se tiɖeke lɛ planɛɛtɩ. Pakpaɣ planɛɛtɩ waa lɛlaa nɛ payaa se ɛsɔnaa abalɩñɩma nɛ halɩñɩma cikpema nabɛyɛ.
Planɛɛtɩ waa cikpema kagbaanzɩ nabɛyɛ wɛɛ. Pakpaɣ-wɛ ɖɔɖɔ se pɛkɛ ɛsɔnaa cikpema nabɛyɛ. Planɛɛtɩ waa mba, mbaa yɔ : Serɛɛsɩ (Cérès) nɛ Pliitɔɔ (Pluton) nɛ Eriisi (Eris) nɛ Makemakee (Makémaké) nɛ Homeyaa (Hauméa). Planɛɛtɩ waa cikpema panɛ pa-taa lɛ, Erisi kɩlɩna paɣlʊʊ.


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Mooti
Mooti kɛ anɩsaayɩ ñɩɣyʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩnaŋʊʊ tɔɔnasɩ pe ndɩ ndɩ nɛ pɩpɩzɩɣ mʊlʊm yɔ. Ɛlɛ, ɛyʊ ɛsɔɔlaa se pɛñɛyɩ kɩñɛyʊ, mooti naŋɩyʊ ñɛyɩɣ ɖɔɖɔ kɩñɛʊ. Mootinaa wɛ ndɩ ndɩ. Mootinaa nabɛyɛ wɛɛ lɛ Laatriki miŋ panaŋʊʊna. Lɛlaa lɛ, lɩm paɖʊʊ toonoonaa taa nɛ pɩñɔʊ nɛ panaŋʊʊ. Lɛlaa ñɛcɛyɩɣ num kɩcɛyʊʊ. Pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se panaŋɩɣ tɩŋ pe naayɛ nɛ palɩzɩ num nɛ hɔɔlʊʊ. Mootinaa nabɛyɛ lɛ, ɖozi paba naŋʊʊ. Mba ɖɔɖɔ naŋʊʊna soojaa pe nɛ palakɩ waagasɩ.
Ɖooo caanaʊ taa lɛ, ɛyʊ doŋ yaa tɛtɛ kpɩnɛ ɖoŋ mooti naŋʊʊna. Payawaɣ mootinaa mba se « calɩm mootyinaa». Pʊwayɩ lɛ, polu mootinaa mba pɔñɔʊ lɩm nɛ panaʊʊ yɔ. Pʊpʊ wayɩ lɛ polu mootinaa mba heelim cɔzʊnaa pe-keŋ nɛ papɩzɩɣ panaŋʊʊ yɔ. Mootinaa panɛ papa wayɩ poluba mba panaŋʊʊna laatriki miŋ yɔ. Halɩ nɛ sɔnɔ mbʊ yɔ, caanaʊ mootinaa nabɛyɛ wɛɛ. Pasɩ mootinaa mba nɛ palakɩna-wɛ nɛ tʊma lɛɛna. Pakpakɩɣ mootinaa mba po-wondu natʊyʊ nɛ lalakɩna laatriki miŋ.