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Ɛgandɩyɛ (Trompette)
Anasaayɩ ɛgandɩyɛ kɛna minziiki wonuu ŋgʋ pahʋlʋʋ-kʋ kʋhʋlʋ yɔ. Kwivri kelekele ñɩŋgʋ nɛ lɛɛtɔɔ ñɩɣlɩm wonuu polukina anasaayɩ ɛgandɩyɛ. Ɖɩwɛ hɔzʋʋ tɩyɛ. Anasaayɩ ɛgandɩyɛ ɖaɣlakɩŋ taa maɣna ɛzɩ mɛtɛnaa 1,50 yɔ mbʋ yɔ.
Anasaayɩ agandɛ wena polubina lɛɛtɔɔ ñɩɣlɩm wonuu yɔ, akɩlɩ ɖɔʋ kɛ wena polubina kwivri kekekele ñɩŋgʋ yɔ. Yee ɖɩkpaɣ anasaayɩ agandɛ mɩnʋʋ mbʋ yɔ yɔ, ɖɩnaɣ se poluba agandɛ hiŋ lʋbɛ nɛ lɛɛtɔɔ ñɩɣlɩm wonuu. Pʋcɔ ɛyʋ pɩzɩ ɛhʋlɩ anasaayɩ ɛgandɩyɛ lɛ, pʋpɔzʋʋ se feziŋ ɛtalɩ-ɩ ɖeu. Mbʋ payaɣ se didgeridoo yɔ, mbʋ kɛkɛŋna kajalaɣ ɛgandɩyɛ Ositraalii ɛjaɖɛ taa.
Egipiti ɛjaɖɛ taa pakɩlɩɣ anasaayɩ agandɛ lubu. Papazɩ-yɛ lubu yɔ, pɩlakɩ pɩnzɩ kudokiŋ naadozo mbʋ yɔ.
Paana anasaayɩ aganda naayɛ naalɛ Toutânkhamon pɩlaʋ tɛ kumoɖe taa. Poluba lɛɛɖɛ nɛ sika nɛ lɛɛɖɛ nɛ liidiye ñɩɣyʋʋ.
Anasaayɩ agandɛ wena pahʋlʋʋ Room ɛjaɖɛ taa yɔ, a-hɩla yɔ : cornu, nɛ buccin, nɛ pɩtasɩna lituus.


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Ɖama nɩnaʊ takayaɣ (Traité)
Ɖama nɩnaʊ takayaɣ kɛ nɩnaʊ tɔm sakɩyɛ ajɛyɛ kpeekpe waɖɛ yɔ. Nɩnaʊ kɩmamatʊ wɩlɩɣ sɔlɩm tɩnaa tɛ nɩnaʊ wɛtʊ pɩlɩna waɖɛ tɔmpee yɔ se pɩsa nɛ palɩzɩɣ tɔm hʊʊ waɖɛ pɩtɩŋna kedeŋga kpeekpe waɖɛ cɔlɔ.
Ɖama nɩnaʊ takayaɣ kɛ ɖama mʊnaʊ tɛ hɩɖɛ pɩlɩna tɔmpee sakɩyɛ hɛkʊ taa lɩmazɩyɛ yɔɔ kedeŋga kpeekpe ajɛyaa waɖɛ yɔɔ. Nɩnaʊ kɩmamatʊ wɩlɩɣ sɔlɩm tɛ mʊnaʊ kɛ waɖɛ tɔmpee yɔɔ se pɩsa nɛ palɩzɩɣ tɔm hʊʊ tɛ waɖɛ pɩtɩŋna ajɛyaa kpeekpe tɛ waɖɛ yɔɔ. Ajɛyaa kpeekpe samaɣ waɖɛ tɛ nɩnaʊ takayaɣ kɛ ɖama mʊnaʊ tɛ hɩɖɛ.
Yeke koŋ pɩzɩɣ nɛ pala mʊnaʊ lɩmaɣzaa yɔɔ mba lɛ ɛyaa mba pɛwɛna maɣzɩm kɩbam cɩɖɩ cɩɖɩ yɔ yaa pasɩma lɔŋ siŋ pɩlɩna ajɛyaa kpeekpe waɖɛ yɔɔ yɔ nɛ pɛwɛna Treaty Making Power yɔ (TMP). Sakɩyɛ taa lɛ, pɩkɛ ajɛyaa, ɛlɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɛyaa mba pɛwɛ lɔŋ piŋ yɔ, ɛzɩ ajɛyɛ hɛkʊ taa aŋgba sɔsɔna naayɛ pɩzɩɣ ala lɩmaɣza ana. Ɖɩkpaɣ ɛzɩ ɖama nɩnaʊ takayaɣ (laŋhɛzɩyɛ ŋga) Pyrénée waa tɛ ɖama nɩnaʊ takayaɣ.
Pahaɣ siye nabʊyʊ taa ɖama nɩnaʊ takayasɩ, tam lɛ ɖama mʊnaʊ takayasɩ nɛ ɛjaɖɛ paɣtʊ takayaɣ. Kajalaɣ mba kɛ tɔm hʊʊ waɖɛ laɣsɩ nzɩ sɩwɩlɩɣ lɛɛzɛ wɛtʊ cɔlɩyɛ. Tɔm hʊʊ waɖɛ tɛ lɛ waɖɛ wetʊ wɛ kɩmaŋ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɩkpɩtʊ tɩ-tɩ yɔ. Kɩtɩŋgɩtʊ ñɛwɛ kaaa tɛ cɔlɩyɛ taa. Mbʊ pʊyɔɔ ɛyaa tisuu ɛɛɛɛ yaa aayɩɩ paɣtʊ takayaɣ ŋga pɛcɛɛ-wɛ pɩtɩŋna sɔsɔtʊ yɔɔ sɔsɔ nɔyʊʊ cɔlɔ.
Ɖɩcɔna kɔyɔ, tɔm hʊʊ tɛ tɔm taa lɩzɩɣ kɛ kʊyʊmʊm ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ ɖama nɩnaʊ takayasɩ nɛ ɖama mʊnaʊ takayasɩ nzɩ pɛtɛza sɩ-lɩmaɣza se sɩkɛ paɣtʊ takayasɩ nɛ takayasɩ lɛɛsɩ nzɩ sɩkɛ paɣtʊ labʊ tɛ nɛ paɣtʊ ɖɔnɛ tɛ nɛ paɣtʊ lɩzɩɣ tɛ nɛ kewiyaɣ paɣtʊ kɩkpaɣtʊ tɛ nɛ tɔm sɩzɩtʊ tɛ nɛ ŋgbaɣ nɖɛ.
Pɩkɛ ɖama nɩnaʊ tɛ pʊyʊ mbʊ lɛ, nɩnaʊ takayaɣ taa pɩzɩɣ pɩwɛ lɩmaɣza paa ndɩ, ɛzɩ kajalaɣ ɖama nɩnaʊ takayasɩ pɩzɩɣ se pʊɖɔɔ ɛzɩ pɩkɛʊ kewiyaɣ Ajɛyɛ yɔ. Ajɛyɛ naayɛ paɣtʊ ɖʊ se ɖama nɩnaʊ takayasɩ paɣtʊ ɛña paɣtʊ takayasɩ tɔm. Pʊnɔmɔʊ taa lɛ, ɖama nɩnaʊ takayasɩ wɛna ɛjaɖɛ paɣtʊ keem nɛ pɩtɛɛ nɛ paɣtʊ labʊ tɛ nɛ pʊyɔɔ kɛ kpaɣɖʊ yɔɔ wɛtʊ taa.
Mbʊ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ ɖama nɩnaʊ nabʊyʊ wɛ, ajɛyɛ ɖama nɩnaʊ ndʊ tɩcɔɔ nɛ tɩ-taa nɩnaʊ takayasɩ lɛɛsɩ lɩmaɣza tɛzʊʊ yɔ yɔ, mbʊ pakɩlɩ tɩlɩɣ yɔ lɛ Fɩyɛɛnɩ tɛ ŋgʊ pɩnaɣ 1969 tɛ ɖama nɩnaʊ, yaa ɖama nɩnaʊ taa ɖama nɩnaʊ. Mbʊ lɛ, Itaalii ɛjaɖɛ taa lɛ, paɖanɩɣ kpaʊ ajɛyɛ sakɩyɛ tɛ ɖama nɩnaʊ takayasɩ nzɩ pañɩɣʊ sɩ-taa nesi nɛ petisi sɩ-yɔɔ yɔ pɩtɩŋna pɩtaa paɣtʊ (pʊdʊna naalɛ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ lʊbɩnaʊ) nɛ pɛwɛna mbʊ lɛ, paɣtʊ keem nɛ paɖʊ-tʊ pɩ-taa tɔm hʊʊ nɔmɔʊ taa.

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Kooree nɛ Hadɛ Kiŋ
Kooree Hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ wɛ Aazii nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa kiŋ nɛ kɩ-tɛ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Sewuli. Kooree hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ taa ɛyaa yɔɔdɩɣ kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ yɔ ŋgʊ payaɣ se koore; pɩkazɩ nɛ liidiye nɖɩ pɔtɔkɩ yɔ nɖɩ lɛ wooŋ. Kooree hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ sɩna Kooree hayʊ nɖɛ nɛ kilomɛtanaa ɛzɩ 238 yɔ. Yeee pakpaɣ kedeŋga kpeekpe kɔ yɔ, Kooree hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩkɛ hiu nɛ naalɛ ñɩnɖɛ kɩ-ñɩm tɔm taa.
Kooree hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ taa ɛyaa wɛ laŋhɛzɩyɛ taa lɛɛlɛyɔ pɩkɩlɩ ɛzɩ ɖooo lɛ yɔ mbʊ pʊ-yɔɔ yɔ pɩnaɣ 1961 taa lɛ mba paawɛ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ taa yɔ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ lɛ 28 nɛ pɩnaɣ 2011 taa lɛ, mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ lɛ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ taa mba talɩɣ ɛzɩ 83 yɔ. Kooree hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ taa ya wɛ miliyɔɔnaa 49 nɛ pa-taa lɛ ɛyaa ɛzɩ miliyɔɔna 22 wɛ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ taa.
Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɛyaa ɖɛ ɛzɩ miliyɔɔnaa ɛzɩ 750 kɛ pɩnaɣ 2005 yɔ, mbʊ yɔ tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-taa ɛyaa kɔ yɔ: Sewulɩ (10 350 000), Pusaŋ (3 680 000), Inzeyɔŋ (2 580 000), Tayeguu (2 565 000), Tayezeyɔŋ (1 475 000), Kɩwanzuu (1 415 000), Suwɔŋ (1 240 000), Koyaŋgɩ (1 200 000), Seyɔŋñam (1 030 000), Ulsaŋ (960 000), Puuseyɔŋ (830 000).
Mɩsɩ kʊm fenaɣ 15 pɩnaɣ 2000 ŋgʊ wiye kɛ Kooree Hadɛ kiŋ ñʊʊtʊ Kim Dae-jung nɛ Kooree Hayɩ kiŋ ñɩnʊ Kim Jong-Il pekpeelaɣ nɛ panɩɩna ɖama se you nakʊyʊ ɛtaatasɩ wɛʊ pɛhɛkɛʊ taa pɩcɩyʊ-wɛ mbʊ paa ɛzɩmtaa. Ɛlɛ, lakɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 12 wiye pɩnaɣ 2004 kɛ Kooree Hadɛ ñɩma kpaɣ paɣtʊ natʊyʊ yem tuda se Kooree Hayʊ ñʊʊtʊ Roh Moo-hyun ɛɛtaatasɩ naŋgbaŋa fɛyʊ kɛ pɛ-tɛ ɛlɛ pɩkɔma nɛ pɩlakɩ ɛzɩ fenasi naalɛ mbʊyɔ lɛ, ɖomaɣ fenaɣ 14 wiye pɩnaɣ kʊɖʊmaɣ ŋga kewiye lɛ, paɖɩzɩ paɣtʊ ndʊ.


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Pɩlɔmbɩ
Pɩlɔmbɩ kɛna kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊtʊ natʊyʊ tɛ wonuu nɛ kɩcɛcɛyaɣ kɔyɔ 82 piyele ñɩɣyʊ ŋgʊ kɩmayaɣ ŋga pasɩŋna-kʊ yɔ lɛ Pb. Pɩlɔmbɩ tomnaɣ sɛ kpʊzʊyɛɛɛ nɛ pɩcaɣ wɛʊ ɛzɩ ɛsɔtaa mɩndʊ yɔ, kɩpɩzʊʊ kɩpɩsɩ ɔkɩzɛnɩ wonuu nɛ kɩwɛɛ kʊlʊmʊm kpalʊlʊʊ tɩyɛ, papɩzʊ polubuku nɛ kɩwɛɛna wɛɖʊʊ ŋgʊ ɛyʊ sɔɔlaa yɔ.
Pɩlɔmbɩ kɛna ñɩɣyʊ ŋgʊ kɩpɩzɩɣ kʊkʊ ɛyʊ yɔ, kɩlɛɛzʊʊ ndɩ ndɩ ɖɔɖɔ nɛ kɩ maɣmaɣ kɩpɩzʊʊ nɛ kɩlɩzɩ sɔtʊ ndʊ tɩpɩzʊʊ nɛ tʊkʊ ɛyʊ yɔ. Ñɩɣyʊ kʊnɛ kɩ-taa fɛyɩ ñɩɣlɩm mbʊ pi-pee paɣla kpayɩ kpayɩ yɔ. Pɩnaɣ 1980 taa ñɩnɩya naa size pɩlɔmbɩ kɛna ñɩɣyʊ kʊnɛ kɩhaɣ pɩcɛɛɖɛ kʊdɔŋ ɛyaa nɛ tɛtɛ wondu.
Pɩlɔmbɩ wɛ ɛzɩ heelim yɔ nɛ yee pɩwɛ ɛsɔtaa yem paa pazɩ yem kɔyɔ pipisiɣ heelim mbʊ ɛyʊ fezuu yɔ. Kʊdɔmɩŋ weyi pɩlɔmbɩ kɔŋna yɔ pɛkpɛnda pɩtɩŋga nɛ payaɣ-ɩ se satiirinii kʊdɔŋ.


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Jeruzalɛm
Jerualɛm yaa Iyerosolɩm kɛna Prɔsɩ Oriyaŋ taa tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ natʋyʋ. Tɛtʋ ndʋ tɩkɛna tɛtʋ ndʋ tɩkɛna ñamtʋ sɔsɔtʋ kɛ Yuɖa mba, Kristʋ mba nɛ Malɩŋ ɖɔɖɔ. Yeruzalɛm tɛtʋ walanzɩ taa maɣna ɛzɩ kilomɛtanaa 200km² yɔ nɛ pɩnaɣ 2015 taa pakalɩ kɩgalʋ lɛ, ɛyaa kpɛnda ɛzɩ 865 700 yɔ. Tɛtʋ ndʋ tɩ-hɛkʋ taa ɖeyi ɖeyi ɖenɖe ɛyaa samaɣ agbeɣla kɩla ɛʋ yɔ, ɛsɔ sɛtʋ aŋbga ndɩ ndɩ wɛ peeɖe, samaɣ ndɩ ndɩ, samaɣ nɛ ɛsɛkuliye nɛ tɔsʋʋ agbela sakɩyɛ wɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ.
Tɛtʋ ndʋ tɩ-taa hɔɔlʋ nakʋyʋ payaɣ se hɔɔlʋ kɩpɩnʋ nɛ kookasɩ sakɩyɛ cɔ-kʋ nɛ pɩta. Kookasɩ naasɩlɛ sɔsɔsɩ wɛna nɛ arabi mba kɩlɩna ɖɔʋ nɛ payaɣ-yɛ se krɩstʋ mba kooka yaa malɩŋ ñɩŋga. Hɔɔlʋ nakʋyʋ wɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ nɛ kɩ-taa lɛ aramiya kɩlɩna ɖɔʋ nɛ lɛɛkʋ taa lɛ yuɖa mba ñakɩlɩna ɖɔʋ. Yerusalɛm nɛ ajɛya naayɛ taa tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ natʋyʋ ɖʋ taabalɩyɛ nɛ palakɩ tʋm kʋɖʋma se tɔsʋʋ nɛ ɛsɩnda wobu ɛɖɛɛna poliŋ. Tɛtʋ ndʋ yɔ Niu Yɔrɩkɩ (Etazuni) nɛ Pragɩ (Cɛɛkɩ ɛjaɖɛ).


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Ñɔyaɣ
Ñɔyaɣ kɛna ɛyʊ yɔɔ hɔɔlʊʊ ŋgʊ kʊ-yɔɔ nɛ hʊndʊ yɔ. Ɛyʊ yɔɔ hʊndʊ wɛɛ, ñɔsɩ wɛɛ, kpɛtʊ wɛɛ nɛ tandʊʊ wɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ. Hʊndʊ wɛ ɛyʊ tɩŋga yɔɔ piyele nɛ kpɛtʊ ñɛwɛɛ ɛyʊ kadaɣ yɔɔ pʊtɔbʊʊ se ɛyʊ abalɩtʊ yɔɔ yaa ɛ-halɩtʊ yɔɔ; pɩsaɣ tandʊʊ ñɔnɔʊ ɛyʊ tamaɣ tɛɛ nɛ ndoma yɔɔ. Ñɔsɩ ɖeke ñɔʊna ñʊʊtaa.
Ñɔsɩ, kpɛtʊ, hʊndʊ tandʊʊ nɛ cɩkpaŋ pɛwɛ pɩlɩʊ kʊɖʊmʊʊ taa nɛ lɩm ɛɛsʊʊ-wɛ. Paɖʊ-wɛɛ pɩlɩʊ kʊɖʊmʊ taa mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ ɛyʊ tɔnʊʊ tɛɛ; kɛ palɩɣna. Pakalɩ ɛyʊ ñʊʊtaa ñɔsɩ kpeekpe kɔyɔ, sɩwɛ kpaɣna kutokiŋ 100 000 nɛ 150 000 pɛhɛkʊ taa. Ɛyaa mba pɛwɛna ñɔsɩ kʊlʊmasɩ kɛ ɖooo palɩm taa yɔ, pɔñɔsɩ ɖɔɔ pɩkɩlɩ mba pɔñɔsɩ piyaa yaa sɩsɛwa yɔ.
Ɛyʊ wɛʊ yɔ, ɛñʊtaa ñɔsɩ tɔʊ paaɖoye nɛ nzɩ sɩtɔʊ mbʊ yɔ, sɩtalɩɣ ñɔsɩ 40 yaa 50 kɛ evemiye taa. Ñɩnɩya nabɛyɩ ñɩnaa nɛ pana se ñɔsɩ wɛʊ yɔ, pɩlɩɣna ɖenɖe palʊla ɛyʊ yɔ yaa e-tomnaɣ sɛmɩŋ yɔɔ. Ɛzɩ azi mba yɔ, pɔ-ñɔsɩ wɛ kpɛmlɛɛɛ piyele Erɔpʊ taa ñɩma yɔ, ɖɔfɩɩɩ yaa yuulee.
Afrika mba yɔ pa-ñɩnzɩ ñɛwɛ kpacayʊʊʊ. Ɛzɩ ɛyaa wɛʊ nɛ pasʊʊ ɖama taa yɔ, pʊyɔɔ lɛ, lɛɛlɛɛ taa ñɔsɩ wɛ ndɩ ndɩ. Pʊwa afolom ñʊʊtaa ñɔsɩ ɖɔɔ pɩkɩlɩ ɛyʊ sʊtʊyʊ weyi ɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 30 nɛ 50 yɔ. Ñɔsɩ, hʊndʊ, kpɛtʊ yaa tandʊʊ naawʊ yɔ, pɩhaɣ kɩhaʊ. Nɛ pɩtɛkɛ paa ɛzɩmtaa kɛ ñɔsɩ ñɔɔʊ ɛyʊ ñʊʊtaa. Pɩlɩɣna ɛyʊ lɩm taa, ɛ-pɩnzɩ ɖɔʊ taa yaa alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɛwɛɛ yɔ tɩ-taa.
Ñɔsɩ paazʊʊ nɔʊ kɛ fenasi kagbanzɩ taa, pʊtɔbʊʊ se alɩwaatʊ ndʊ ɛyʊ wɛʊlotu taa lɛ nɛ pɩkɔɔ pɩsɩɩna ɛ-sɩm wiye. Halʊ ñʊʊtaa ñɔsɩ nɔʊ lɛɛlɛɛ pɩkɩlɩ abalʊ. Ɛyʊ ñʊʊtaa lɛ, ñɔsɩ tɔʊ paa ɛsɩmtaa. Ɛlɛ ɛyaa nabayɩ wɛɛ lɛ pɩkɛna kʊtɔŋ. Nabayɩ wɛ nɛ pɔkɔŋ nɛ papaɣlɩ lɛ, papɩsɩ ñʊ hasasɩ tɩnaa. Pʊtɔbʊʊ se pe-kila taa paazʊ hasʊ nɛ pɩɩkɛdɩ lɛ pɩtala e-nimaɣ wayɩ yaa ɛ-ñʊʊ tɩŋga.
Nabɛyɛ sɔnzɩ taa lɛ, pɩwɛɛ se palakɩ nɔɔyʊ sɔzɩ nasɩyɛ kɔyɔ, pɩwɛɛ se pahʊmɩ-ɩ koloŋgolo nɛ pɩwɩlɩ se ɛtatasɩ kɛʊ pʊɣa. Nɛ nabɛyɛ nzɩ taa lɛ, yee ɛyʊ ɛñɩnɩɣ se paha-ɩ ñamtʊ siŋŋŋ kɔyɔ, pɩwɛɛ se ɛñʊʊtaa nosɩ ɛɖɔɔ sakɩyɛ. Pɩwɛ ɛzɩ sɔɔjanaa mba payaɣ-wɛ se ahuwaa yɔ. Pɩtɛkɛ ñɔsɩ yeke ɛlɛ pɩwɛɛ se pasɩɩ tandɩŋ ɖɔɖɔ. Tandɩŋ tɔm taa lɛ, pɩwɛ ɛzɩ malɩŋ taa kɛ ɛyaa kɩlɩɣ-ɩ sɩʊ yɔ. Mba pɔ-ñɔsɩ ɖɔɔ nɛ paacɔŋna sɩ-yɔɔ camɩyɛ yɔ, sɩ-taa wɛʊ abayaa yaa kaʊ yaa kʊtɔmɩŋ sakɩyɛ.
Nabɛyɛ tɛ lɛ, yee pɩhɛɛ se ɛyʊ ɛcaɣna ɛsɩtɛɛlɩm mbʊ pʊyɔɔ ɛ-ɛyʊ sɩba kɔyɔ, pɩpɔzʊ-ɩ se eyele ɛ-ñɔsɩ siŋgamm nɛ ɛɛsaɣtʊ-sɩ ɖɔɖɔ. Nɛ lalaa tɛ ñɩnzɩ taa lɛ, pɩwɛɛ se halibiɣa eyele kɔ-ñɔsɩ nɛ sɩtalɩɣ e-pondone yɔɔ ɖɔlɩ lɛ, pɩwɩlʊ se ɛtalɩ walʊ kɛlɛ. Pʊtɔbʊʊ ɖɔɖɔ se ñɔsɩ kɛna halɩbɩya kɛ mbʊ pɩpɩzɩɣ nɛ pɩhɔ habalɩbɩya yɔ nɛ sɩkɛna-wɛ acana pʊyʊ. Pʊyɔɔ kɛ halibiya yakɩ ñɔsɩ ndɩ ndɩ nɛ sɩhɔkʊʊ.


text:
Ɖoŋ
Mbʊ payaɣ se ɖoŋ nɛ payaɣna fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa se « force » yɔ, pʊwɛna tɔbʊʊ lɩzʊʊ ndɩ ndɩ. Ɛyʊ tomnaɣ taa ɖoŋ wɛɛ. Ɖoŋ ɛnʊ payaɣ ɖɔɖɔ se hoɖe. Mbʊ payaɣna fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa se « athlétisme », pʊbʊ ɖoŋ ñɛwɛɛ. Pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se tomnaɣ taa ɖoŋ wɛ tam nabʊlɛ taa. Ɖoŋ kakasɩɩ wɛɛ nɛ lɛɣtʊ ɖoŋ ñɛwɛɛ.
Ɛyʊ weyi ɛwɛna ɖoŋ kakasɩɩ ɛpɩzɩɣ eseɣ kaaʊ ŋgʊ lalaa ɛɛpɩzɩɣ peseɣ-kʊ yɔ. Ɛpɩzɩzɩɣ ɖɔɖɔ ɛma wonuu ɖoŋ ñɩŋgʊ nakʊyʊ nɛ kʊkʊ pɛlɩ. Ɖooo petewaɣ aleewa lɛ, evebu weyi pɩha-ɩ ɖoŋ kakasɩɩ yɔ, ɛpɩzɩɣ e-ɖeke ɛhɔ ɛyaa naadozo yaa naanza nɛ ewoŋna ɛ-yɔɔ kiŋ. Tɛʊ sɔsɔʊ nakʊyʊ ɛnɩna heelim sɔsɔm nabʊyʊ nɛ tɩŋ kpɛzɩ nɛ ɛtɔlɩ yɔ, tɛʊ feŋ lɛ, ɛyaa mba Ɛsɔ ha-wɛ tomnaɣ taa ɖoŋ kakasɩɩ yɔ, mbaa payaɣ nɛ powolo pakʊsɩ tɩŋ weyi ɛlɛ tɔlaa nɛ ɛkaɣ nʊmɔŋ taa yɔ.
Nɔɔyʊ pɩzɩɣ ɛwɛɛna tomnaɣ taa ɖoŋ kakasɩɩ, ɛlɛ, ɛɛpɩzɩɣ nabʊyʊ labʊ. Pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se ɛ-mɔɔyɛ wɛna ɖoŋ, ɛlɛ ɛɛsɩŋ ɛzɩma ɛlabɩna ɛ-mɔɔyɛ ɖoŋ ɛnɩ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ yɔ. Nɔɔyʊ ñapɩzɩɣ ɛwɛɛna ɖoŋ se ɛɖɔkɩ ɛ-tɩ paa wɩzasɩ nzɩ sɩ-taa. Ɖoŋ weyi eyeki se ɛyʊ ɛpɩzɩ ɛɖɔkɩ ɛ-tɩ wɩzasɩ yaa tʊmɩyɛ ɖoŋ ñɩnɖɛ naɖɩyɛ taa yɔ, payaɣ ɖɔɖɔ se abalɩtʊ. Ɖɩkpaɣ ɛzɩ mbʊ payana fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa se « athlétism » kɔyɔ, ɖɩnaɣ kaɣlaa. Ɛyaa kpakɩɣ seɣa nɛ Kayaɣ halɩ pɔkɔɔ patalɩ Kɩgbafrʊ (Bafilo) paahɛzɩɣ. Pɩnɩɣ-wɛ, ɛlɛ, pɔɖɔkʊʊ pa-tɩ. Nabɛyɛ lɛ, cɛɛcɛnaa pasaɣ, kpaɣ cɩnɛ nɛ ŋwolo ŋtalɩ Kpalɩma, paasɩŋɩɣ ɖoli se pɛhɛzɩ.
Ɖoŋ nɩɩyɛ ñɛwɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ nɛ payaɣ-ɩ se kalɩzaɣ taa ɖoŋ. Ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ tomnaɣ taa ɖoŋ yɔ, pɩtɛkɛ ɛyaa tɩŋa Ɛsɔ ha kalɩzaɣ taa ɖoŋ ɛnɩ. Kalɩzaɣ taa ɖoŋ wakɩna eleeu. Pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se yee nɔɔyʊ ɛwɛna kalɩzaɣ taa ɖoŋ kɔyɔ, eleeu ɛɛpɩzɩɣ ɛlabɩ-ɩ ɛzaɣtʊ natʊyʊ kaʊ. Ɖɩcɔna ɖa-Kɩpaɣlʊ Yeesu-Krɩstʊ lakasɩ yaa e-wezuu caɣʊ tɩŋa yɔ, ɖɩnaɣ kalɩzaɣ taa ɖoŋ wazaɣ.


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Karayiibɩ Teŋgu
Karayiibɩ Teŋgu kɛ patasa yaʋ yaa paya ɖɔɖɔ size Antiiyiwaa Teŋgu. Karayiibɩ Teŋgu kʋnɛ yɔ, kɩ-kɛna lɩm fɛɛʋ Atɩlantiki Lɩŋamʋʋ. Kɩ-wɛna yaa panaɣ kʋnɛ Ameriki hɛkʋ nɛ hɛkʋ hɔɔlʋʋ taa kiŋ.
Nɛ paɣpɩzɩɣ pana kʋ ɖɔɖɔ nɛ Mɛkɩsiiki kɔlfɩ nɛ kɩ-hadɛ hɔɔlʋʋ taa kiŋ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ kiŋ. Teŋgu kʋnɛ yɔ, kɩ-walanzɩ taa maɣkʋna yaa talɩɣ ɛzɩ 2415 kɛ mɛtɛ waa kudoku mbɩ yɔ. Ɛ-walanzɩ kpaɣna wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ taa mbɩ yɔ, pɩkɔ pɩsɩna wɩsɩ ɖʋɖɩyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ ɖɔɖɔ taa mbɩ yɔ.
Pamaza ɛ-walanzɩ taa lɛ, ɛ-talɩɣ ɛzɩ 2640002 kɛ mɛtɛ waa kudoku kaare mbɩ yɔ, kɛ ɛ-hɛkʋʋ nɛ hɛkʋʋ walanzɩ taa pɩkpaɣʋ nɛ hayuu kiŋ hɔɔlʋʋ taa nɛ pɩkɔ pɩtalɩ hadɛ kiŋ hɔɔlʋʋ taa yɔ. Karayiibɩ Teŋgu kʋnɛ yɔ, kɩ-hɩɖɛ lɩna yaa nɛ ɛzɩ yɔ ɖɩ-hɩɖɛ tikiɖe wɛ Karayiibɩ taa.
Karayiibɩ kʋnɛ yɔ, kɩ-kɛna samaɣ ŋga kaawɛ peɖe yɔ yaa ŋga kɛ-tɛ kaawɛ peɖe hɔɔlʋʋ taa kɔcɔlɔ. Samaɣ kanɛɛ yɔ, kaawɛ peɖe nɛ pɩcɔ Ɛsɩpaañɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa mba talɩɣ, kpaɖʋ 15 kʋnɛ kɩ-taa. Lɩm kan̄aɖaɣ kpɛlɛkʋʋ cɔɔlʋʋ ajɛɛ ndɩ ndɩ hɛkʋʋ taa nesi tʋmlaɖa kpeekpe ŋgbɛ, ɖʋna Karayiibɩ Teŋgu kʋnɛ yɔ kɩ-kamasɩ ɛzʋ nɔ yɔ:
Cɛŋga miŋ n̄ɩŋga nakɛyɛ kpɩtɩna nɛ cap Catoche kɛ lɩm kiteŋ Yucatan,nɛ hayuu kiŋ hɔɔlʋʋ taa pɩsɩna wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ taa kiŋ.
Wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ taa kiŋ lɛ, pɩkpaɣna cabeza Chiquita nɛ hayuu kiŋ hɔɔlʋʋ taa, nɛ pɩtɩŋ cɔlɩɩ kɛ kapɩ ŋgʋ tɛ meridiyɛ(méridien).
Hadɛ hɔɔlʋʋ taa kiŋ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖʋɖɩyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ taa lɛ, punta Baja pɩkpaɣna pɩɖɛ pʋwolo, Fenezuyeelaa pɩkɔ pɩtalɩ Ameriki hadɛ ŋgʋ kiŋ.


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ƖSƆ KƲYƆƔƆTƲTƲ TƐLƎSƲLƲ
YONAASƖ
TƆM TAKƎLAƔA
Kʋtʋlʋtʋ
Apɑlʋ wei pɑ yɑɑkɩ Yonɑɑsɩ tɔ ɩ kɛ́ Ɩsɛɣɛlɩ tʋ kɛ́ nɑ Ɩsɔ tili-ɩ piitim lɛmpɩ nyǝ́mɑ tɛɣɛ Asilii tɛtʋ tɑɑ kɛ́ Ninifi ɩcɑtɛ tɑɑ sɩ ɩ́ polo nɑ ɩ́ kuli pɑ ɩsɑɣɑtʋ tɔɔ. Amɑ mpɛ ɩnɩ pɑɑ kɛ́ Ɩsɛɣɛlɩ nyǝ́mɑ kolontunɑɑ kɛ́. Pǝ tɔɔ kɛ́ Yonɑɑsɩ kisɑɣɑ pote. Pɑɑ nɑ mpʋ Ɩsɔ ponɑ-ɩ nɑ toŋ nɑ Yonɑɑsɩ kpɑɑlɩ-wɛ nɑ pɑ́ mʋ ɩ tɔm nɑ pɑ́ lɑɣɑsɩ tɔntɛ nɑ Ɩsɔ wii-wɛ.
Ɩsǝnɑ pɑ fɑɣɑ Yonɑɑsɩ tɑkǝlɑɣɑ tɔ:
Ɩsɔ tʋwɑ Yonɑɑsɩ kɛ tǝmlɛ nɑ ɩ́ kisi, titite 1
Yonɑɑsɩ lɑɣɑsɑɑ nɑ pǝ́ yɑ ɩ nyʋɣʋ, titite 2
Yonɑɑsɩ kpɑɑlʋɣʋ kɛ Ninifi nyǝ́mɑ, titite 3
Tɑcɑɑ wɑɑsɑ Ninifi nyǝ́mɑ, titite 4
1
Yonɑɑsɩ mɑɣɑsɑɣɑ sɩ ɩ kisiɣi Tɑcɑɑ tiluɣu
1 Ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ kʋyɑkʋ nɑkʋlɩ Tɑcɑɑ heelɑ Amitɑyi pǝyɑlʋ Yonɑɑsɩ sɩ: 2 Kʋlɩ nɑ ń polo Ninifi ɩcɑtɛ sɔsɔɔlɛ nɑ ń kpɑɑlɩ-tɛ. Mɑ nyǝɣǝsɑ tǝ ɩsɑɣɑtʋ.
3 Ɩlɛnɑ Yonɑɑsɩ kʋlɩ sɩ ɩ́ seeki Tɑcɑɑ. Pǝ tɔɔ kɛ́ ɩ tiiwɑ kpɩɩlǝŋ teesɑŋ kɛ Yopee. Ɩ mɑɣɑnɑ kpɩɩlʋɣʋ sɔsɔɔʋ ŋku kʋ puki Tɑɑsisi tɔ. Ɩlɛnɑ ɩ́ fɛlɩ kʋ liɣitee nɑ ɩ́ sʋʋ sɩ ɩ́ puki tǝnɑ.
4 Ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ Tɑcɑɑ lɑpɑ nɑ heelim sɔsɔɔm mɑ teŋku tɔɔ. Kɑcuculɑɣɑ sɔsɑɣɑ kʋlǝnɑ nɑ kɑ́ cɑɑ kpɩɩlʋɣʋ yɔkʋɣʋ sɩ lʋm ɩ́ tɔɣɔ-wɛ. 5 Ntɛnɑ sɔɣɔntʋ sɔsɔɔntʋ kpɑ kpɩɩlʋɣʋ sɑɑlɑɑ. Ɩlɛnɑ pɑ́ yɑɑkɩ pɑ tɩɩŋ hǝlɑ. Nɑ pɑ́ lǝsǝɣɩ wontu nɑ pɑ́ pɛtǝɣɩ lʋm tɑɑ sɩ pǝ́ lɑ kpɩɩlʋɣʋ tǝfʋŋɑfʋŋɑ. Amɑ Yonɑɑsɩ nɑ́ tiiwɑ kpɩɩlʋɣʋ nɑŋ lɛŋkʋ tɑɑ nɑ ɩ́ tooki sɔsɔm. 6 Ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ kpɩɩlʋɣʋ sɑɑlɑɑ nyʋɣʋ tʋ polɑ Yonɑɑsɩ kiŋ nɑ ɩ́ pɔɔsɩ-ɩ sɩ: Nyɑ́ tooki yɑɑ? Kʋlɩ nɑ ń yɑɑ nyɑ́ tʋɣʋ. Ntɑnyɩ kɩɩ wɑɑsɩ-tʋ, nɑ tǝ́ tɑɑ sɩ́.
7 Ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ kpɩɩlʋɣʋ sɑɑlɑɑ yɑɑ tǝmɑ sɩ: Ɩ́ kɔɔ nɑ tǝ́ tɔ tɛtɛ nɑ tǝ́ nyɩ wei ɩ kɔnɑ-tʋɣʋ mpusi ɩnɛ tɔ. Ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ pɑ tɔ tɛtɛ ɩlɛnɑ pǝ kpɑ Yonɑɑsɩ. 8 Ntɛnɑ pɑ́ tɔmɩ-ɩ sɩ: Heeli-tʋɣʋ mpi pǝ kɔnɑ mpusi ɩnɛ tɔ. Nyɑ́ tɛɣɛ le. Nyɑ́ piitim kɛ mpi. Nyɑ́ kʋlɑpǝlɛ kɛ nte?
9 Ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ ɩ cɔ-wɛ sɩ: Mɑ kɛ́ Hepǝlɑ tʋ kɛ́. Ɩsɔtɑɑ Ɩsɔ Tɑcɑɑ wei ɩ lɑpɑ tɛtʋ nɑ teŋku tɔɣɔ mɑ sɛɛkɩ.
10 Ɩlɛnɑ ɩ́ kɛɛsɩ-wɛ sɩ ɩnɩ ɩ seeki Tɑcɑɑ. Ntɛnɑ sɔɣɔntʋ sɔsɔɔntʋ kpɑ mpɛ ɩnɩ. Kɛnɑ pɑ́ pɔɔsɩ-ɩ sɩ: Pepe tɔɔ kɛ́ n lɑpɑ mpʋ? 11 Nɑ ɩsǝnɑɣɑ tɩɩ lɑ-ŋ nɑ pǝ́cɔ́ teŋku hɛɛ?
Mpi tɔ, lʋm pɑ́ɑ́nɑ́ tɔŋnɑ sɔɔsʋɣʋ kɛ́. 12 Ɩlɛnɑ ɩ́ cɔ-wɛ sɩ: Ɩ́ pɛtɩ-m teŋku tɑɑ, ɩlɛnɑ lʋm hɛɛ. Mpi tɔ, mɑ nyǝmɑ́ sɩ mɑ́ kɔnnɑ kɑcuculɑɣɑ sɔsɑɣɑ kɑnɛɣɛ mǝ tɔɔ.
13 Mpʋɣʋlɛ kpɩɩlʋɣʋ sɑɑlɑɑ mɑɣɑsɑ sɑɑʋ ɩsɩɩ pɑɑ tɑlɑ kʋteŋ, pɑ tɑ pǝsɩ. Mpi tɔ, teŋku pɑ́ɑ́nɑ́ tɔŋnɑ sɔɔsʋɣʋ kɛ́. 14 Ɩlɛnɑ pɑ́ sǝlǝmɩ Tɑcɑɑ sɩ: Hɑɩ, tɑɑ kʋ-tʋɣʋ yʋlʋ ɩnɛ ɩ weesuɣu tɔɔ. Pǝyele tɑɑ yele nɑ ɩ cɑlǝm tɔm mǝlɩ tɑ́ nyɔɔŋ tɑɑ. Mpi tɔ, Tɑcɑɑ nyɑ́, n lɑkɩ mpi n sɔɔlɑɑ tɔɣɔ.
15 Ntɛnɑ pɑ́ kpɑɣɑ Yonɑɑsɩ nɑ pɑ́ pɛtɩ teŋku tɑɑ nɑ lʋm hɛɛ kpɑkpɑɑ. 16 Ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ Tɑcɑɑ tɔm kpɑ yǝlɑɑ mpɛɣɛ sɔɣɔntʋ kɛ sɔsɔm. Ɩlɛnɑ pɑ́ lɑpɩ-ɩ kɔtɑsɩ nɑ pɑ́ sɩɩ pɑ nɔɔsɩ sɩ pɑɑ sɛɛ-ɩ.


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Tɔm yɔɔ kandɩyʊ (Avocat - métier)
Waɖɛ taa lɛ, paɣtʊ yɔ kandɩyʊ kɛ paɣtʊ ɛyʊ yaa paɣtʊ yɔ ɖɔmɩyʊ weyi paa ɛzɩmta lɛ, ɛ-tʊmɩyɛ lɛ se ɛtasɩ lɔŋ nɛ ɛkandɩ ɛ-ɛyaa yɔ. Ɛyʊ tomnaɣ tʊ yaa ɛyʊ weyi ɛsɩma lɔŋ yɔ, tɔm hʊʊ kpanda taa lɛ, ɛ-tɛ lʊbɩnaʊ taa lɛ, ɛlʊkɩ se ɛwɛna kɛzɛwaɣ ɛ-tɔm yɔ nɛ pɩkɩlɩ lɛ, ɛcakɩ polonaa taa. Tɔm yɔ kandɩyʊ ɛnʊ ɛwɛna lɔŋ tasʊʊ tɔmɩyɛ nɛ lakasɩ wɛtʊ tɛ tɔm cɔlʊʊ. Paɣtʊ yɔ kandɩyʊʊ lɩm ɖʊʊ tɔmɩyɛ wɛ kɩjɛyʊʊ pɩlɩna ɛjaɖɛ paɣtʊ cɔlɔ, kɔzɩ kɔzɩ mbʊ se ɛɖɔkɩ yɔɔ kandʊʊ tɛ paɣtʊ tɔm hɔm natʊyʊ naa ɛsɩndaa.
Ɖoo canaʊ taa Krɛsɩ nɛ Room kaaɖʊʊ tɔm yɔɔ kandɩyaa ɛlɛ, tɔm tʊ maɣmaɣ lʊkaɣna ɛ-tɩ yɔɔ. Solon paɣtʊ taa lɛ, tɔm lʊkaɣ ɛ-tɔm yɔɔ tɔm hʊʊ kpaŋ taa ɛlɛ, yee ɛpɩzɩɣ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛyaa ɛsɩndaa kɔyɔ, ewiluu canaʊ tɔm takayasɩ tʊma taa. Room taa lɛ, paɣtʊ yɔ kandɩyʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ pɩsɩ kɩjɛyʊʊ wayɩ wayɩ wɛɛ anɛ a-taa ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛlɛ, paɣtʊ taa ɛsɩndaa lɛ, paɣtʊ yɔɔ kandɩyʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ tɛkɛ tʊmɩyɛ ndɩ pɛhɛyʊʊ ɖɩ-yɔɔ yɔ. Paa ketiizaɣ sɔsɔɔ ɛsɩndaa yɔɔdɩyʊʊ weyi yaa tɔm hʊyʊʊ sɔsɔ weyi ɛpɩzɩɣ ɛwɛna ɛ-tɩyɔɔ tɔm yɔɔ kandɩyʊʊ. Kpaɖʊ loɖo alɩwaatʊ taa, ɛjaɖɛ wɩyaʊ sɔsɔ Justinien lɩzɩɣ tʊmɩyɛ kʊyʊɖɩyɛ tɩnaa ŋgbɛ kɛ kajalaɣ ɖeɖe nɛ payaɣ se tɔm yɔɔ kandɩyaa paɣtʊ.
Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa lɛ, aseɣɖe kajalaɣ pɩlɩna tɔm yɔɔ kandɩyaa yɔ kaawɛ Charlemagne 802 takayaɣ taa. Fransɩ kewiyaɣ taa Philippe 3 Hardi tʊ ma takayaɣ pɩnaɣ 1274 aloma fenaɣ kɩyaakʊ 23 se pasɩma se tɔm yɔ kandɩyaa kɛ paɣtʊ lɩzɩyaa cɔlɔ se pɛkɛ tʊmɩyɛ tɩnaa (waɖɛ hɩɖɛ se wɩlɩyʊʊ. Pɛwɛna mɛɛsatɛ tʊmɩyɛ lɔŋ nɛ pɔcɔlʊʊ pa-tʊmɩyɛ paɣtʊ. Paɣtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɖɩnaɣ se pɩkɛnɛ-ɩ kɩjɛyʊʊ se eɖuu samaɣ ɛsɩndaa nɛ ɛkandɩ tovenim yɔ nɛ pɛhɛyɩ-ɩ pɩ-maɣna (tʊmɩyɛ liidiye kɩhɛyɩyɛ sɔsɔyɛ sɩna takayasɩ 30).
Tɔm yɔɔ kandɩyaa hɔɔlʊʊ nakʊyʊʊ kaakɛ Hɛkʊ Alɩwaatʊ taa kpelaɣ taa tʊmɩyɛ laɖaa nɛ posuu tokonaa kɩkpɛda nɛ kɩɩkɛwɛ tʊmɩyɛ tɔɔlaɣ Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Tɔm yɔɔ lʊɖa ɖɩjaɣyɛ (ndɩ payaɣ se ordo) paɣzɩna Paarii paɣtʊ lɩzɩyaa kedizaɣ tɛ ɖʊtʊ pɩnaɣ 1302 nɛ tɔm yɔɔ lʊɖa tɛ kpata. Tɔbʊʊ se ɛyaa cɛŋga ŋga pɩha-kɛ waɖɛ se palʊ tɔm yɔɔ yɔ kpaŋ taa yɔ pɩnaɣ 1327 pɩlɩna Valois tɛ Philippe cɔlɔ. Mbʊ lɛ, kajalaɣ paɣtʊ yɔɔ ɖɔm paɣzɩ lɩɣ. Pɩnaɣ 1344 paɖʊ paɣtʊ natʊyʊ paɣtʊ lɩzɩyaa ketizaɣ taa kɛ Paarii kewiyaɣ taa nɛ pɩwɩlɩɣ mbʊ pɩwɛ se tɔm yɔɔ kandɩyʊ ɛla yɔ. Tʊmɩyɛ ndɩ ɖɩɩpɔzaɣ ɛyaa 51 pɩnaɣ 1340 taa.
Ɛyʊ weyi palɩza se ɛkɛ pɔnɔɔ ɖɛyʊ yɔ ɛkɛna tɔm yɔ kandɩyaa lɔŋ tasʊʊ ŋgbɛɛ ñʊʊtʊ. Ɛɖɔkaɣ ɖaʊ nakʊyʊ ɛ-tʊmɩyɛ labʊ taa kɛ Ɛsɔ tɛ kɩlaʊ ɖeɖe Hɛkʊ Alɩwaatʊ. Ɛ-tʊmɩyɛ kɛkɛ se ɛñɔɔzɩ ɛ-nɛ ɛ-tabala hɛkʊ taa yee tɔm ɛlaba yɔ. Tɔm yɔɔ lʊɖʊ tʊkaɣ tɔm yɔɔ kandɩyʊ nɛ samaɣ.


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ƖSƆ KƲYƆƔƆTƲTƲ TƐLƎSƲLƲ
OSEE
TƆM TAKƎLAƔA
Kʋtʋlʋtʋ
Ɩsɛɣɛlɩ tɛtʋ ilim ntɔɣɔŋ tɔɔ, timpi pɑ yɑɑ sɩ Sɑmɑlii tɔɣɔ Osee tɛlǝsɑɣɑ Ɩsɔ kʋyɔɣɔtʋtʋ kɛ yǝlɑɑ. Wɑɑtʋ ɩnɩ ɩ tɑɑ tɔ, tɛtʋ tɑ cɑɣɑ teitei. Yǝlɑɑ muɣuliɣi tǝmɑ, nɑ lɛlɑɑ nɑ́ɑ́ kʋlǝɣɩ tɛtʋ tɔkǝlɑɑ tɔɔ. Ɩsɔ sɛɛʋ mɑɣɑmɑɣɑ nɑ́ hɛɛwɑ nɑ Ɩsɛɣɛlɩ nyǝ́mɑ mǝlɩ lɑɑtʋ tɑɑ. Kʋpǝntǝŋ wei ɩ wɑhɑlɑ Osee tɔkɑɣɑ ɩ wɑɑtʋ tɑɑ tɔɣɔlɛ.
Ɩsǝnɑ pɑ fɑɣɑ Osee tɑkǝlɑɣɑ tɔ:
Osee ɑkpɑɣɑlɛ nɑ ɩ tǝyɑɣɑ pǝ tɔm, titite 1–3
Tɑcɑɑ kɑlǝɣǝnɑ Ɩsɛɣɛlɩ nyǝ́mɑ, titite 4–13
Ɩsɔ sɔɔlʋɣʋ nɑ ɩ nɔɔsɩ sɩɩʋ, titite 14
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1 Tɑkǝlɑɣɑ kɑnɛ kɑ tɑɑ kɛ́ pɑ kɛɛsɑ tɔm. Tɑcɑɑ kɑ heelinɑ-tǝɣɩ Peeli pǝyɑlʋ Osee. Sowɑsɩ pǝyɑlʋ Solopʋwɑm wei ɩ kɑ kɛ Ɩsɛɣɛlɩ wulɑʋ tɔ ɩ pɔɔlɛ tɑɑ kɛ́ Tɑcɑɑ kɛɛsɑ Osee kɛ tɔm ntɩ. Wɑɑtʋ kʋlʋm ɩnɩ ɩ tɑɑ tɔtɔɣɔ, Osiyɑsɩ nɑ Yotɑm nɑ Ahɑsɩ nɑ Ɩsekiyɑsɩ, pɛlɛ pɑ tɔkɑɣɑ kɑwulɑɣɑ kɛ Yutɑ tɑɑ, nɑ pɑ́ kɑɑsǝɣɩ tǝmɑ.
Ɩsɔ kʋyɔɣɔtʋtʋ tɛlǝsʋlʋ Osee ɑlʋ nɑ ɩ piyɑ pɑ tɔm
2 Tɔm kɑncɑɑlɑɣɑ nyǝntʋ nti Tɑcɑɑ heelɑ Osee tɔɣɔlɛ sɩ:
Polo nɑ ń kpɑɣɑ ɑpɑlɑɑ tǝnɑ ɑlʋ nɔɣɔlʋ.
Ɩ piyɑ ɩ́ tǝŋ sɩ too ɩkpɑtɛ.
Mpi tɔ, Ɩsɛɣɛlɩ nyǝ́mɑ tǝnɑ kisɑ Tɑcɑɑ mɑɣɑ,
nɑ pɑ́ hɑ pɑ tǝɣɩ tɩɩŋ lɑɑʋ tɑɑ.
3 Ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ Osee polɑɑ nɑ ɩ́ kpɑɣɑ Tipilɑyim pɛɛlɔ Komɛɛ. Ɩlɛnɑ ɑlʋ ɩnɩ ɩ lʋlɩ-ɩ ɑpɑlʋpǝyɑɣɑ. 4 Ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ Tɑcɑɑ tɔmɑ Osee sɩ:
Hɑ-kɛ sɩ, Sisilee.
Mpi tɔ, pǝ kɑɑsɑ pǝcɔ mɑɑ lɛɛtɩ Yehu lʋlʋɣʋ nyǝ́mɑ
kɛ yʋlʋkʋlɛ nte pɑ lɑpɑ Sisilee tɔ tǝ tɔɔ.
Ɩlɛnɑ mɑ́ sɩɩ Ɩsɛɣɛlɩ kɑwulɑɣɑ tǝnɑɣɑ.
5 Mɑɑ wɑkǝlɩ pɑ yoolɑɑ toŋ kɛ
Sisilee tɛtɛkǝlɛ tɑɑ kɛ́ kʋyɑkʋ ŋkʋ.
6 Komɛɛ tɑsɑ hɔɣɔ hɑɣɑʋ, ɩlɛnɑ ɩ́ lʋlɩ ɑpɑlʋpǝyɑɣɑ, nɑ Tɑcɑɑ heeli Osee sɩ:
Hɑ-kɛ sɩ, Pǝtɔɔtǝlɛ fɛɩ.
Pǝ hʋwɛɛ ntɛ sɩ Tɑcɑɑ mɑ́ mɑ kɑɑ nyǝnɩ
pɑ pǝtɔɔtǝlɛ nɑ mɑ́ hʋlɩ-wɛɣɛ suulu.
7 Amɑ mɑ kɑɑ lɑ ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ Yutɑ nyǝ́mɑ. Hɑlɩ pɑ Ɩsɔ Tɑcɑɑ mɑ́, mɑɑ wɑɑsɩ-wɛɣɛ. Mɑ pɑɑ fɛɩnɑ yoou yɑɑ tɔɔʋ, yɑɑ lɑɣɑtɛ, yɑɑ yoou kpɑɣɑnǝŋ, yɑɑ ɩ cɑɣɑlɑɑ.
8 Komɛɛ tisɑ Pǝtɔɔtǝlɛ fɛɩ, ɩlɛnɑ ɩ́ kpɑɣɑ hɔɣɔ nɑ ɩ́ lʋlɩ ɑpɑlʋpǝyɑɣɑ. 9 Ɩlɛnɑ Tɑcɑɑ heeli Osee sɩ:
Hɑ-kɛ sɩ, Pɑ tɑ kɛ mɑ nyǝ́mɑ.
Mpi tɔ, Ɩsɛɣɛlɩ nyǝ́mɑ tɑ kɛ mɑ yǝlɑɑ,
nɑ mɑ́ tɑ́ kɛ́ pɑ Ɩsɔ.


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Ladibiye
Ladibiye kɛna ɛyʊ yaa tɛtɛ kpɩnɛ yɔɔ mbʊ pɩkɛna ɛ-tɛ abalɩtʊ yɔ. Ladibiye wɛ ladɩyɛ yaa hɩnɛ cɔlɔ kpam. Ladibe kpɛnda naalɛ kɛ ɛyʊ yaa tɛtɛ kpɩnɛ yɔɔ. Ɛlɛ ɛyʊ pɩzɩɣ ɛwɛna ladibiye kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ. Tɛtɛ kpɩnɛ lɛ, ɛyʊ ɛtɔsɔɔlɩ se ɖɩtasɩ kpaʊ kɔyɔ, ɛpɩzɩɣ nɛ ɛpɛlɩ ɛ- kpɩnɛ nɖɩ. Pɩtasɩɩna kpaʊ yekɛ, ɛlɛ ɛyʊ ɛsɔɔlaa se ɛ-kpɩnɛ nɖɩ ɖɩpaɣlɩ camɩyɛ kɔyɔ, mbʊ ɖɔɖɔ ɛpɛlɩɣ-ɖɩ. Ladibe wɛna waɣzaɣ sɔsɔwa sɩŋŋŋ kɛ ɛyʊ yaa tɛtɛ kpɩna wezu caɣʊ taa.
Ladibe taa kɛ kɩjɛbɛyʊ wɛɛ nɛ pɩsaŋ se ɛyʊ ɛsʊna halʊ lɛ, ɛna ɛhalʊ ɛnʊ pakɩjɛbɛyɩŋ kpɛndɩɣ lɛ, pɩla se hɔɔ kɔma pɛ-hɛkʊ taa nɛ palʊilɩu pɩɣa. Pɩtasɩɩna pɩya lʊlʊʊ yeke. Ladibe taa kɛ hɩm cakɩ nɛ pʊcɔ nɛ ɛyʊ hɩɩ-pʊ. Ñɩnɩya ñɩna nɛ pana se, ɛyʊ calɩm taa lɩm mbʊ pɩwɛ nɛ pɩɩtasʊ-ɩ labʊ tʊmɩyɛ yɔ, ladibe hɔŋna-pʊ nɛ pɩlɩzɩ nɛ pisidi hɩm taa.


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Canatʊ kʊdɔŋ (Lèpre)
Canatʊ kʊdɔŋ (yaa Hansen kʊdɔŋ) kɛ heŋ kʊdɔŋ ɖoŋ ŋgʊ ŋgʊ kɩlɩna Mycobacterium leprae (ŋñɩɩ cɩkaɣ ŋga kɛwɛ ɛzɩ kpeziɣwɩlaɣ tɛ ŋga yɔ. Nɔrɩfɛzɩ tʊ Gerhard Armauer Hansen yebina nɛ patɩlɩ kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ pɩnaɣ 1873 alɩwaatʊ taa nɛ ɛwɩlɩɣ se kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ kɩkpaɣ tomnaɣ yɔɔ holaa, ɛyʊ tɔnʊʊ nɛ kɔɖɩɩ huɖuu nɛ pʊkɔŋna canatʊ sɔsɔtʊ. Kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ kɩwɛ paa ɛzɩmta sɔŋgaɣa ajɛyɛ taa (kɔzɩ kɔzɩ Azii ɛjaɖɛ taa). Kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ kɩkɩlɩɣ ɛyaa ɖɛʊ sakɩyɛ.
Ɖooo pitihiɣ canatʊ kʊdɔŋ ɛɛwaɣ nɛ kʊkʊʊ. Mbʊ yebina nɛ pɩnaɣ 1909 taa ajɛyɛ lɛɛna kʊdɔmɩŋ kpɛlɛkʊʊ ŋgbɛyɛ pɔzʊʊ tɛ lɛ, pɩwɛ se pɔɖɔnɩ canasɩ ɛyaa hɛkɩŋ taa nɛ pekpeliɣ-sɩ canasɩ ɖɔkɔtɔ naa taa, mbʊ kɛwɛna ɛzɩ maɣzɩm mbʊ palaba pakaɖɩ nɛ canatʊ kʊdɔŋ yɔ.
Sɔnɔ yɔ pawazɩɣ-kʊ pɩtɩŋna ɖɔkɔtɔ tɛ kɔ pee nɛ pala lɩmaɣza ndɩ ndɩ se palʊbɩna kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ nɛ lɛɛzɩɣ tɛ wonduu lɩwaɣ pɩlɩna ɛyaa mba pɔyɔɔ nɛ mbʊ palʊbɩna kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ yɔ.
Levetiki takayaɣ taa ñʊŋ 13 (1-4) wɩlɩɣ keele se papɩzɩɣ pañɩnɩ kʊdɔŋ pɩtɩŋna Ɛsɔ tɛ layʊ yɔ. Kɩpaɣlʊ yɔɔdɩna Moyizi nɛ Aaron nɛ ɛtɔŋ se yee ɛyʊ nɔɔyʊ ɛna ɛ-tomna yɔɔ egbembiye naɖɩyɛ yaa lɩlɩtʊ yaa tomiye kʊlʊmɖɩyɛ nɛ ɖɩwɛ ɛzɩ canatʊ heŋ yɔ kɛ e-tomnaɣ yɔɔ pʊpɔzɩɣ se powona-ɩ Ɛsɔ layʊ Aaron cɔlɔ yaa ɛ-pɩɣa nakɛyɛ ŋga kala kɩlaʊ Ɛsɔ ɖɔɖɔ yɔ.
Ɛsɔ layʊ takɩɣ heŋ taa pɩ-tɛ ɛyʊ ɛ-nʊ ɛ-tomnaɣ yɔɔ. Yee hʊnʊʊ ŋgʊ ɛtakɩɣna heŋ taa yɔ kɩpɩsɩɣ kʊhʊlʊmʊ nɛ heŋ taa eliŋga nɛ pɩkpaɖɩ e-tomnaɣ kɔyɔ pɩkɛ canatʊ heŋ.
Ɛsɔ tɛ layʊ weyi ɛtakɩɣ nɛ ɛna heŋ ɛ-nʊ mbʊ yɔ pɩzɩɣna nɛ ɛyɔɔdɩ se pɩ-tɛ ɛyʊ ɛ-nʊ ɛkɛ canaɣ. Yee e-tomnaɣ yɔɔ ɛwɛ tɔndɔlʊ kʊlʊmʊ nakʊyʊ nɛ kɩtakɩlɩ liŋguu kɔyɔ nɛ hɔnʊ ɛpɩsɩɣ kʊlʊmɩŋ kɔyɔ Ɛsɔ tɛ ɖɩkɩ-ɩ kuduyuu kɩyaakɩŋ lʊbɛ.
Layʊ tɛ tɔm kɛ tovonum, mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ ɛ-nʊ kɛwɛna Ɛsɔ nɛ ɛyaa pɛ-hɛkʊ taa nɛ ɛnɩɣ tɔm ndʊ Ɛsɔ tɩyaɣ ɛ-ɛyaa cɔlɔ yɔ. Yee pataka nɛ pana kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ ɛyʊ yɔɔ kɔyɔ pɩkɛna ɛyʊ ɛ-nʊ kɩjɛyʊ se ɛhɔzɩ e-wondu nɛ ɛñazɩ-tʊ mɩŋ nɛ ɛma kubusi se ɛkɛ canaɣ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ pɩkɛ sɩm sʊtʊ ɛ-maɣmaɣ. Levetiki cɔlɔ lɛ kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ kɩpɩzɩɣ kɩwɛ ɛyʊ tɔɔlaa yɔɔ. Pʊyɔɔ yɔɔ pʊpɔzɩɣ se pɔñɔtɩ ɛ-tɔɔlaa a-naa mɩŋ.
Canatʊ wɛʊ yɔ paasɩmatʊ ɖooo canaʊ alɩwaatʊ taa. Paasɩma-kʊ ɖooo pɩnzɩ 600 pʊcɔ palʊlʊʊ Yeesuu-Chrɩstʊ. Kɩɩwɛ Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ halɩ pamazɩɣ se yaa kɩɩlɩna Azii ɛjaɖɛ taa kɛnɛ. Palakaɣ tʊmɩyɛ génome yɔɔ lɛ pana se kɩlɩna Afrika wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ ɛjaɖɛ taa yaa hɛkʊ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ ajɛyɛ taa kiŋ pʊcɔ kɩtalɩ Azii nɛ Erɔpʊ ajɛyɛ taa.
Kɩtalɩ Afrika nɛ Wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa ajɛyɛ taa pɩtɩŋna Erɔpʊ nɛ hayi kiŋ nɔmɔ ɖɔnaa yɔɔ nɛ yoma nɛ pɩkɔ pɩtalɩ Karayibi nɛ Amerika nɛ Haɖɛ kiŋ ajɛyɛ taa.


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Hɩlaɣ
Tɔm biye hɩlaɣ kɛna minziiki wonuu ŋgʋ kʋpɔzɩɣ siŋŋ size kɩ-hʋlʋyʋ ɛwɛna feziŋ camɩyɛ yɔ. Pa-hʋlʋʋ kɛ lɛ, ke-wilitu lɩɣʋna heelim mbʋ hʋlʋyʋ hosu yɔ pɩ-taa. Heelim mbʋ piyekina nɛ, hɩlaɣ pazɩɣ seliu nɛ ke-wii. Heelim mbʋ pɩlɩɣna hʋlʋyʋ ndomee yɔɔ.
Hɩsɩ nasɩyɛ wɛɛ lɛ, pasaɣ-sɩ nɛ tɩʋ tomnaɣ, nɛ nasɩyɛ-ɛ lɛ anasaayɩ waa tɛ wendu wendu ndɩ ndɩ palabana.
ɩkɛ wɛtknaa ndɩ ndɩ k. hɩlaɣPnɛ pama nasɩ-ɩ ɖɔɖɔ nɛ senaʋ kaanaɣ pɛɛ saɣʋʋ wɛɛ taa yɔ (sɩ-tɛma talɩɣ pɩnzɩ ɛzɩ 35000 yɔ), pa-tɛma sɩ naɣʋ pɔʋ sʋsɔʋ nakʋyʋ taa. Pɩkɛna abalʋ weyi pahɩsɩ nzɩ pasaɣ yɔ sɩ-talʋ kudokiŋ hiŋ naadozo nɛ kagbaŋzɩ kɛ mbɩ yɔ.


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Adɔtɔ
Adɔtɔ kɛ tɩŋ ŋgʊ paa wɩlɩŋ taa kɩwɛ doŋ yɔ kɩlɩnɛ Amerika nɛ haɖɛ kiŋ (Piresiili nɛ hayi kiŋ) nɛ Amerika nɛ hɛkʊ taa nɛ Karayiibi ɛjaɖɛ taa yɔ. Pasɩma-kʊ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ pɔtɔkɩ-kʊ nɛ ɖɔɖɔ mbʊ yɔ se kɩlʊlʊʊ pee. Tɔm piye adɔtɔ lɩnɛ tupi-guarani taa naná naná tɔbʊʊ se tilali naa taa tilali. Adɔtɔ tɛ nɛ tɩŋpee wenaa awɛna tɩŋ piye nandʊʊ ɛgbam yɔ tɛ nɛ kɩ-kɛ adɔtɔ. Kɩ-kɛ tɛtɛ ñɩyʊʊ tɩŋ piye nɛ kɩ-ɖalakɩŋ talɩ mɛta kɩyʊm ntalɩ kʊyʊm nɛ hɔlʊʊ kɩ-kpeekpe taa nɛ kɩ-hatʊ ɖaɣla lɔɔ lɔɔ ɛzɩ sentɩmɛta naa 50 ntalɩ 1,80 nɛ pʊwɛ sɔɔ yaa nabʊyʊʊ taa pʊlozi kpɛdɛ kpɛdɛ.
Pasɩma kɩ-tɛ lʊlʊʊ alɩwaatʊ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ kɩkpazʊʊ piye ɛgbam ɖaʊ nakʊyʊʊ yɔ ɖaʊ ŋgʊ kɩwɛ kɩyeke nɛ hatʊ teɖe teɖe natʊyʊʊ cɔɔ-kʊ nɛ pɩta nɛ pɩkpazɩɣ hɛtʊ yuulee sɛmɩŋ ɛlɛ evemiye kɛtɛŋ lɛ pʊmʊwa nɛ pɩpɩsʊʊ pee kulukulu nayɛ, abalʊʊ nɛ akatɩɣ ɖama nɛ pɩpɩsʊʊ adɔtɔ ŋgʊ ɖɩsɩma yɔ. Mbʊlɛ, adɔtɔ pɩsɩ tɩŋ piye mɛwɛ nabʊlɛ taa, ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ payaʊ-kʊ se malʊlʊʊ pee yɔ. Kɩ-kpeekpe kɩ-dalakɩŋ talɩ sentɩmɛta naa 30 nɛ kʊ-tomnaɣ yɔ wɛ pɔyaa kotʊʊ kotʊʊ nɛ kɩsɛmɩŋ wɛ ndɩ ndɩ. Kɩ-lɩm wɛ leleŋ nɛ pɩ-tɛ sɛmɩŋ wɛ ndɩ ndɩ nabʊyʊʊ taa kʊlʊmʊʊ yaa sʊtʊ sɛmɩŋ.
Adɔtɔ sɔlɩ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa fɛyɩ mʊzʊŋ yɔ. Pɔsɔʊ-kʊ lɛ, fenasɩ hiʊ nɛ nanza ntalɩ nɛɛlɛ mbʊ yɔ kɩpɩwa. Kpaɣnɛ fenaɣ loɖo ntalɩ fenaɣ lutozo lɛ, kɩyɛndɩɣ nɛ kɩgbanzɩ ntalɩ loɖo lɛ poholosʊʊ kajalaɣ adɔtɔ naa nɛ tɩŋ kʊyʊmʊ ŋgʊ kɩtasɩɣ lʊlʊʊ nabʊlɛ ya nabʊtozo. Kajalaɣ lɛ, fenasɩɣ nɛɛlɛ wayɩ nɛ nabʊlɛ lɛ, fenasɩɣ hiʊ nɛ kɩgbanzɩ wayɩ. Tɩŋ tikuu ɛ-paɣla kɔyɔ adɔtɔ piye ɖɔɖɔ paɣlʊʊ.
Christophe Colomb tɩlɩ tɩŋ piye ndɩ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ ɛtalɩ Guadeloupe tɛtʊ taa yɔ pɩnaɣ 1493. Ɛjaɖɛ ndɩ ɖɩ-taa ɛyaa kpaɣnɛ-ɖɩ ɛzɩ pɩkɛ kʊjɔʊ tɔnaɣ ŋga pahaɣa agɔma mba pɔkɔŋna mɛlɛ naa se pakʊna pɔ-lɔkɔtʊ mbʊ yɔ palɩnɛ nɔmɔʊ kɩɖalʊʊ lɩm salala yɔ. Ɖɔɖɔ lɛ Guadeloupe ñɩma taa kɛwɛ leleŋ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa nɛ pasɩŋgʊ pɔ-nɔnɔsɩ tɛ nɛ pɛ-hɛzʊʊ. Chritoph Colomb cɔlɔ lɛ kɩwɛ ɛzɩ pɔm ɛlɛ kɩ-kɩlɩ paɣlʊʊ nabʊlɛ pɔm nɛ kɩ-leleŋ wɛ camɩyɛ kama fɛyɩ. Papɩzɩɣ pɛsɛtɩ-kʊ nɛ saɣ.


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Keniya pʊʊ
Wakamba n̄ɩma cɔlɔ lɛ, Keniya pʊʊ tɔbʊ se « taataa pʊʊ » » Pʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩkɩlɩna kʊyʊʊ Keniya ɛjaɖɛ taa. Afrika tɛtʊ tɩŋa payɩ taa lɛ, Kilimanjaro pʊʊ wayi lɛ, Keniya n̄ɩŋʊ tɩŋna kʊkʊyʊmɩŋ taa. Keniya ɛjaɖɛ taa ɛyaa samaɣ nakayɩ wɛ Keniya pʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-liu tɛɛ kpɛɛɛ. Kpaɣ ki-liu tɛɛ ŋkpa ŋtalɩ “Batian” mbʊ yɔ, mɛtanaa 5 199 wɛna. Kpaɣ ki-liu tɛɛ nɛ ŋwolo “Nelion” lɛ, mɛtana naa 5 188 n̄ɛwɛna pɛhɛkʊ taa. Pʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩwɛ Keniya ɛjaɖɛ hɛkʊ taa ɖeyi ɖeyi. Kiwɛ “Equateur” nɛ hadɛ kɩŋ hɔɔlʊʊ taa. Kiposina Nairobi tɛtʊ ɛzɩ kilomɛtaa naa 150 mbʊ yɔ.
Tɛtɛɛ pɩɩn̄amsaa sɩŋŋŋ nɛ piseɣ nɛ kaaŋ sɔsɔŋ nɛ tɛtʊ pɩlɩʊ nɛ pɩkpaɣ nɛ pɩkpeeliu nɛ pikɔɔ pɩpɩsɩ Keniya pʊʊ. Mɩŋ sɔsɔŋ nɩyɛ kalɩna nɛ tɛtɛɛ kɩŋ helu helu nɛ pɩlɩzɩɣ kaaŋ sɔsɔŋ ɛnʊ tɛtɛɛ. Pɩlaba pɩnzɩ miliyɔɔ waa naadozo yɔ keniya pʊʊ ŋgʊ kikpaʊ sʊʊʊ mbʊ yɔ. Mbʊ payaɣ se “Calotte glaciaire” yaa lɩm pɛɛ yɔ mbʊ pamna pʊʊ ŋgʊ ki-yɔɔ kpi. Mbʊ yebina nɛ kɩ-yɔɔ kpaʊ caɣ kaɖɛ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ nɛ kɩwɛɛ ndɩ kpem nɛ pʊʊŋ lɛɛŋ. Kɩwɛna ɖɔɖɔ lɩm kujomɩŋ sakɩyɛ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ.
Kujomiŋ ɛnʊ ɛfaɣna ɖooo pʊʊ n̄ʊʊ taa nɛ pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩ ɖooo kataŋa taa. Pʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-n̄ʊʊ taa lɩm lɩʊna nɛ piniɣdiɣ Keniya ɛjaɖɛ hɔɔlʊʊ sɔsɔʊ. Eurɔpʊ tuuɖe ɛjaɖɛ taa n̄ɩnɩyaa n̄ana tɛtɛɛ n̄amsʊʊ mbʊ pɩnaɣ 1 849 taa. Pɔ-nɔyɔɔ ɖɛyʊ kɔyɔ ɖa-caa Johann Ludwig Krapt. Ɛlɛ, pɩŋaɣ 1883 kɛ lɛɣtʊ nɛ tɩlɩtʊ ndɩ ndɩ n̄ɩnɩyaa n̄ɩɣ nesi se toovonim lɛ, tɛtɛɛ n̄amsɩna nɛ miŋ sɔsɔŋnɩɩyɛ lɩɩna tɛtɛɛ nɛ pɩlɩzɩ kaaŋ sɔsɔŋ nɛ tɛtʊ nɛ pɩkpa pembem nɛ pɩkɔɔ pɩpɩsɩ pʊʊ sɔsɔu yelu yelu. Pɩnaɣ 1 887 taa kɛ pacalɩ pʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-yɔɔ kpaʊ ɛlɛ patatalɩ kɩ-n̄ʊʊ takaɣ taa hem. Ɖa-caa Halford John Mackinder nɛ ɛ-taabalaa pan̄aɣna pana nɛ pɔɖɔ nɛ patʊlɩ kʊ- n̄ʊʊ taa yeli. Ɖeɖe nɛ sɔnɔ mbʊ yɔ, nʊmɔŋ ɖɔ yem nɛ ɛyʊ pɩzɩɣ nɛ ɛɖɔ yem lɩŋŋŋ nɛ ɛkpa Keniya pʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa.
Tɩŋ nɛ n̄ɩtʊ ndɩ ndɩ n̄ɔ pʊʊ ŋgʊ kʊ yɔɔ kpaɣ kɩ-liu tɛ nɛ nɛ ŋkɔɔ ŋkɔɔ ŋtalɩ kʊ- n̄ʊʊ taa. Laʊ sɔsɔʊ nakʊyʊ wɛ ɖɔdɔ pʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩhɔɔlʊ; nakʊyʊ yɔɔ. Tɛtɛ kpɩna sɔsɔna nayɛ wɛ keniya pʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa. Mbʊ yebina nɛ pɔcɔzɩ-kʊ kaɖaɣ nɛ pata kpɛɛɛ se pakandɩ kpɩna an a-yɔɔ ɖeu nɛ a-taa na ɖiyɛ ɛtaale yem. Kaɖaɣ ŋga ka-taa kpɩna ana apɩsɩ ketenga kpeekpe ŋgbɛyɛ ŋɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ se “UNESCO” yɔ ɖɩ-n̄ɩm sɔsɔm nabʊyʊ. Pɩnaɣ taa lɛ, ɛyaa ,ɛzɩ 15 000 yɔ panaɣ powoki Keniya kaɖaɣ ŋga ka-taa nɛ patʊlɩ-wɛ nɛ pasʊʊ nɛ pana kpɩna sɔsɔna ndɩ ndɩ ana.
Tɔm keem
- 1 Ɖenɖe tɔmpiye «Keniya» lɩnaa yɔ
- 2 Ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa kɩwɛɛ yɔ
- 3 Kɩ-tɔm
- 4 Kɩ-yɔɔ samaɣ nɛ caanaʊ sɔnzɩ
- 5 Tʊma wena palakɩ kɩ-yɔɔ yɔ
- 6 Takayɩsɩ lɛɛsɩ nzɩ sɩyɔɔdʊʊ kɩ-tɔm yɔ


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Pɔɔ cɔlʋʋ
Pɔɔ cɔlʋʋ kɛna tʋmɩyɛ nɖɩ palakɩ-ɖɩ lɩm taa kɛnɛ yɔ. Palakɩ-ɖɩ nɛ pakpaɣ lɩm taa tɛtɛ kpɩna. Ɖɩkpaɣ ɛzɩ kpakpasɩ kɛ mbɩ yɔ. Ɛlɛ, lɩm taa peeɖe pagba lɩm taa kpɩna wena payan̄ɛ nɛ fransɩ kʋnʋŋ taa size "crustacés waa" nɛ "céphalopodes waa" yɔ.
Pɔɔ cɔlʋʋ lakasɩ wɛ ndɩ ndɩ. Pɔcɔlʋʋ pɔɔ lɛ lakasɩ ndɩ ndɩ nzɩ palakɩ nɛ pakpaɣ lɩm taa kpɩna yaa nandu ndʋ yɔɔ yɔ : pɔlɔ piyuu (filet), pɔcɔlɩ pɔɔ pan̄ɩ ahʋna (nasse), pɔcɔlɩ pɔɔ ɖɔɖɔ nɛ pɔlɔ kolaɣ (ligne).
Lona ndɩ ndɩ wona a-taa pɔcɔlʋʋ pɔɔ nɛ pakpaɣ nandu yɔ a-ɖɔ siŋŋ. A-taa nayɛ kɔyɔ : lɩŋgamʋʋ, teŋgu, kujomuu, lɔmʋʋ, lɩm mbʋ pɩwɛ pazɩ nɛ piikpeŋ yɔ (mares), lɩm kikpem cikpem (cours d'eau).
Pɔɔ cɔlɩyaa tʋmɩyɛ laɖʋ payaɣna fransɩ kʋnʋŋ taa size "pêcheurs". Tʋmɩyɛ ɖɩnɛ, ɖɩkɛ aleɣya nɛ ɖɩhaɣ taa leleŋ kɛ lalaa nɛ ɖɩkɛna tʋmɩyɛ siŋŋ kɛ lalaa. Lɛɣtʋ sakɩyɛ ɖɔɔ nɛ pɩcɛlɩna pɔɔ cɔlʋʋ tʋmɩyɛ. Paa lone nɖɩ lɛ, ɖɩ-tɛ pɔɔ cɔlʋʋ wɛtɛ wɛɛ.
Pɔcɔlʋʋ pɔɔ nɛ mɛlɛnaa, pɔcɔlɩ pɔɔ nɛ lɩm yɔɔ lɔɔɖa. Pɩkɛna tʋmɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖiyeki nɛ ɛjaɖɛ tɔsʋʋ huu siŋŋ yɔ. Ɖɩhaɣ ɖɔɖɔ nadʋ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ taa samaɣ. Pɛpɛdʋ lɩm taa n̄ɩm mbʋ ɖɔɖɔ nɛ payakɩ wondu kɩwazɩtʋ lɛɣtʋ.


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Sɩʊ
Siʊ yaa sɩwaa kɛna agɔlɔma wena akandayʊʊ ɖeɣwa yaa cejewiye, kooka, kookasi nɛ ɛzɩ kantɔɔ kpeekpe yɔ. Paasɩʊ sɩʊ yaa sɩɩnaa yem, tɩŋ nɔnɔɔ taa kɛ pasɩʊ-kʊ nɛ pɩkɛna teluu yaa teliŋ tɛ. Paa sɩʊ ŋgʊ kɩnɛ kɩ-hɩɖɛ. Lama-Ñaŋgbadɛ tɛ sɩʊ ŋgʊ kɩkandɩɣ egeetiyenɖɩ ɖɩ-yɔɔ yɔ, ŋgʊ payaɣ se Abɛɛsɩʊ. Egeetiye kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa cejewa naayɛ wɛna a-sɩwaa a-tɩ yɔɔ nɛ asɩŋna Abɛɛsɩʊ nɛ anaa yɔ Siŋjalɩm nɛ Cedeli. Kawɩlasɩ ɛwɩlaa kɔyɔ cɔjɔ yaa cɔjɔnaa kpɛyʊna yaa pɩkɛ cejewiye taa kɔyɔ, tamaɣ tɔɔyʊ yaa weyi pɛtɛma-ɩ sɔnzɩ labʊ yɔ, ɛnʊ eliziɣna yaa ɛwazʊʊ.
Sɩʊ yaa sɩɩnaa mba peheniɣna samaɣ se kɩpam yaa kɩdɛkɛdɩm caɣ labʊ. Sɩʊ ɛyɔɔdʊʊ kɔyɔ, kɩpɩsɩɣ sumaɣ nɛ kiwii. Ɖoŋ ɖɔŋ taa lɛ, kpiziyuu kɛ kɩpɩsɩɣ nɛ kiwii. Yee pɩkɛ kɩdɛkɛdɩm kɔyɔ tɛʊ feŋ ca lɛ, ɖɩwa taa sɔsɔ kpakɩɣ pɔ;oyasɩ nɛ ɛyɛlɩ tɩwaa nɛ ɛna se ɛbɛ lakɩ yaa ɛbɛ ɛɛlakɩ. Pɩwɛɛ mbʊ lɛ, paa sɩʊ ɛɛwɩlɩɣ kawɩlaɣ yaa kawɩlasɩ kɔyɔ, pɩkɛna kɩjɛyʊʊ se palaa-kʊ, mbʊ yebina nɛ pɔtɔŋ kʊtɔmɩyɛ se Sɩʊ eewɩɣ, paalaɣ-kʊ?


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Legɔsɩ
Legɔsɩ kɛŋna Naajeeriya ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩkɩla walnzɩ yɔ nɛ Afrika ajɛya tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ kpeekpe taa ɖɔɖɔ lɛ Legɔsɩ tɛtʊ kɩlɩna walanzɩ ɖɔɖɔ. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-walanzɩ taa maɣna ɛkɩtaariwaa 99 960 ha yaa kilomɛtanaa 999,6. Pɩnaɣ 2013 taa pakalɩ ɛyaa kɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa lɛ, pɛkpɛnda 12 090 000 ɛlɛ yee pɛkpɛndɩna tɛtʊ tʊnɛ nɛ ti-ageeta lɛɛna kɔyɔ, pɛkpɛnda miliyɔɔnaa nɛɛlɛ nɛ kʊɖʊm (21 000 000). Ɖooo pɩnaɣ 2000 taa lɛ Kɛɛrɩ tɛtʊ nɛ Kinsasa tɛtʊ taa kɛ ɛyaa kaakɩla ɖɔʊ nɛ sɔnɔ taa yɔ Legɔsɩ ñɩndʊ kɩlɩna.
Pʊcɔ nɛ Abuuja tɛtʊ pɩsɩɣ Naajeeriya tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ kɛ pɩnaɣ 1999 lɛ, Legɔsɩ kaakɛŋna mbʊ ɛlɛ tɩ-taa teŋu kidiiliŋ ŋgʊ kɩwɛɛ yɔ, kɩwɛ Afrika taa kidiiliŋ weyi ɛkɩla liŋgu yɔ ɛ-taa. Peeɖe kɛ tadɩyɛ t ʊmɩyɛ nɛ ñɩɩtʊ lubʊ kɩla wɛʊ Naajeeriya ɛjaɖɛ kpeekpe taa. Legɔsɩ tɛtʊ maɣmaɣ kɛna tɛtʊ sakɩyɛ ndɩ ndɩ ndʊ lɩm cɔ-tʊ nɛ pɩta yɔ tɩkpɛndɩna nɛ pɩlɩɩ Legɔsɩ. Legɔsɩ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ nɛ hayʊ kiŋ hɔɔlʊʊ taa ɛsɩndaa wobu wɛɛ sɩŋŋŋ pɩkɩlŋa ɖɛndɛ payaɣ se Ikeja nɛ Agege yɔ. Mbʊ pɔyɔɔ yɔ efebiya nɛ pɛlaa peseɣ ajɛya lɛɛna taa nɛ powoki peeɖe se pala tʊma nɛ payabɩ-wɛ wondu ɛzɩ kpokponaa, cɛɛcɛɛnaa, kancɩnaa yaa nabʊyʊ yem.
Legɔsɩ tɛtʊ ɖɛɛʊ nɛ ɛsɩnda nɛ pɩkɩlʊ ɖɔɖɔ yɔ pɩlɩna tadɩyɛ yɔɔ, sanzɩ yɔɔ nɛ pɩtasɩ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ komina tʊma sɔsɔna wɛ peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ. Legɔsɩ tɛtʊ maɣmaɣ taa lɛ, cɔɔcɩ laɖaa yaa mba patɩŋ gʊ Yeesu Kristu wayɩ, mba kɩlɩna ɖɔʊ nɛ patala ɛzɩ ɛyaa 75 kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ nɛ malɩŋ ñɛwɛ ɛzɩ ɛyaa 15 kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ. Ɛlɛ mba pɛkɛ malɩŋ kpem yɔ mba lɛ Yʊrʊba mba nɛ Yʊrʊba mba kpeekpe taa lɛ, ɛyaa ɛzɩ nɛɛlɛ nɛ naanʊwa (25) kɛŋna malɩŋ. Payaɣ Legɔsɩ tɛtʊ yɔɔ cɔnɩyʊ kɩfalʊ se Akinwunmi Ambode.


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Charles Quint
Charles Habsbourg ɛsɛ hɩɖɛ se Charles Quint, palʊla-ɩ lɛlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 24 pɩnaɣ 1500 Gand tɛtʊ taa Pɛlɩzɩkɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛsɩ salaŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 21 pɩnaɣ 1558 Yuste (Ɛsɩpaañɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa) kɛ mʊwanɩ waa, ɛkɛ wiyaʊ pɩɣa Habsbourg ɖɩɣa taa. Ɛ-caa payaɣ se Philippe le Beau, e-ɖoo kɔyɔ Jeanne la Folle.
Ɛyʊ ɛnʊ ɛkɛ kewiyaɣ kɩɖɛzasɩ naanza tʊ. Charles Téméraire tʊ sɛyɩ kɛlɛ, Otirisi Maximilien pɩɣa cikpeɣlaɣ, Isabelle katoliki tʊ, Castille tɛ abiɖe nɛ Ferdinand Aragon wiyaʊ nɛ Naples wiyaʊ ɛkɩlɩ wiyaʊ pɩɣa yuŋ Bourgogne tɛtʊ taa Charles 2 tʊ hɩɖɛ taa, ɛlɛ kɛnɛ Ɛsɩpaañɩ wiyaʊ pɩtɩŋna Charles kajalaɣ tʊ yɔɔ. Quint tɔbʊʊ se kɩgbaanzɩ tʊ.
Pɩtɩŋna ɛ-tɛ lʊbɩyɛ kaɖɛ nɖɛ nɛ ɖoŋ nɛ ɛ-tɛ tɔlʊʊ Fransɩɩ ɛsɩnda nɛ Luther ɛyaa ɛsɩnda yɔɔ lɛ, elesi wobu yɔɔ wobu yɔɔ kɛ e-kewiyutu ɖoŋ. Pɩtɩŋna nɩnaʊ lɩmaɣza naayɛ yɔɔ ɛ-nɛ ɛ-ɖalʊ Ferdinand lɛ, eyebina-ɩ Otrisi ñɩm nɔnɔsɩ tɩŋga. Aloma fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 25 pɩnaɣ 1555, kɛ Prukisɛɛlɩ tɛtʊ taa ekiziɣ ɛ-paɣtʊ Peyibaa ɛjaɖɛ yɔɔ, kɩkpɛndɩ nɛ pasɩm-kʊ kewiyaɣ paɣtʊ takayasɩ taa se kɩtatasɩ kɩwɛ Ampiiri Kiɖeɖeu taa pɩtɩŋna ɛ-pɩyalʊ Philippe yɔɔ. Eyebina-ɩ e-ɖoŋ tɩŋga Ɛsɩpañɩ ɛjaɖɛ yɔɔ pɩnaɣ 1556 alɩwaatʊ taa nɛ pɩatsɩ pazɩ lɛ, ɛñɔtɩna ɛ-sɩm kpam lɛ, ɛlɩzɩ e-nesi Bourgogne tɛtʊ yɔɔ.
Palʊlɩ-ɩ alɩwaatʊ taa lɛ, nabʊyʊ taawɩlɩɣ se wiyaʊ pɩɣa ŋga kɩlɩɣ ɖoŋ kpaɣɖʊ 16 taa. Ɛ-caa Philippe kaakɛ evebupɩɣa yem nɛ ɛnʊ tɔkaɣna ɛ-caa ñɩm pʊtɔbʊʊ se peyebina-ɩ, ɛ-caa ɛnʊ yɔ Maximilien. E-ɖoo Jeanne la Folle wiyaʊ pɩɣa yem Ɛsɩpaañɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa, ɛwɛna kou nɔyʊ Miguel Paz tʊ.
Pɩlaba pɩnzɩ cabɩ pɩtɩŋga pɩlakɩ camɩyɛ yem. Katoliki Isabelle sɩ pɩnaɣ 1504, eyebina Jeanne abitu kɛ Castille tɛtʊ taa. Pɩnzɩ naalɛ wayi lɛ, Philippe ɖɛɛ ewolo Ɛsɩpañɔlɩ nɛ ɛ-halʊ yebina-ɩ ɛ-ñɩm, ɛnʊ ɖɔɖɔ sɩ. Charles pɩsɩ Bourgogne ñɩm tʊ, pʊtɔbʊʊ se wiyaʊ sɔsɔ Peeyiba nɛ Franche Comté. Ɛsɩma piŋ nɛ ɛtɩlɩ midinaʊ nɛ ɛjɔzɔ Ferdinand 2 Aragon wiyaʊ se ɛlɛɣzɩ ɛ-sɩm wayi. Ɛlɛ ñɔtɩna ɛ-sɩm ɛlɛɣʊ kewiyaɣ ɖoŋ ɛ-pɛlɛ cɔlɔ se ɛpɩzɩɣ ɛɖɔkɩ kpelaɣ nɛ ɛcɛlɛ Bourgogne evebu ɛnɛyɔ.


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Siini Koloŋa Sɔsɔɔ
Payaɣʋ se Siini koloŋa sɔsɔa yɔ pɩlɩna ka-ɖaɣlakɩŋ yɔɔ kɛ paya-kɛ hɩɖɛ nɖɩ. Pɩkɛna peeɖe sɔɔjanaa pɩlɩʊ sɔsɔʊ ŋgʊ kɩɩwɛɛ nɛ tam tɩnɛ pɔyɔkʋʋ nɛ pamaɣ yɔ. Pɩlɩʊ sɔsɔʊ ŋgʊ, kɩɩwɛɛ ɖooo caanaʊ pʊcɔ nɛ palʊlʊʊ Yeesu, pɩtalɩw ɛzɩ pɩnzɩ III yaa XVII kɛ mbʊ yɔ. Paama koloŋa ŋga se paɖaŋ pa-tɩ yɔɔ nɛ Siini mba mba pɛwɛna hayi kiŋ yɔ, pataapɩzɩ nɛ pasʊʊ pɔ-yɔɔ. Pɩkɛna pɩlɩʊ ŋgʊ wiɖiyi nɔɔyʊ tapɩzɩ nɛ ɛmana e-nesi yɔ; kpaɣ kɩ-ɖaɣlakɩŋ yaa kɩ-walanzɩ nɛ kɩ-paɣlaka taa.
Payaɣʊ se koloŋa sɔsɔa yɔ, pɩkɛna hɔɔlʊʊ ŋgʊ pama ɖooo mbʋ payaɣ se Miŋ Kewiyaɣ Kɩɖɛzaɣ tɛ alɩwaatʊ taa nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ, pɩkpaɣna "Shanhaiguan" hɔɔlʊʊ taa kɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ payaɣ se Qinhuangdao kɛ Hebei egeetiye taa. Wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa lɛ, pɩkpaɣna Jiayuguan kɛ Gansu hɔɔlʊʊ taa. Koloŋa ŋga, nabayɛ yɔɔdʋʋ se, ka-ɖaɣlakɩŋ kpeekpe talɩɣ kilomɛtanaa ɛzɩ 700 yɔ.
Ka-ɖaɣlakɩŋ yɔɔ lɛ, Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa n̄ɩma yaɣ-kɛ se Kotokiŋ hiu tɛ koloŋa; mbʊ pʋyɔɔ yɔ, kotokiŋ hiu tɔbʊʊ se mbʊ pɩfɛyɩ kamaɣ yɔ.
Siini n̄ɩma tɛ mazɩtʊ taa lɛ, papɩzɩɣ pɔtɔ ɖɔɖɔ se pɩtalɩɣ mbʋ payaɣ pɛ-tɛ se "Li naa" sakɩyɛ; nɛ pakpaɣ ɛzɩ kilomɛtanaa ɛzɩ 6700 yɔ pɩlakɩ pɛtɛ ɛzɩ "Li naa" 11 632 mbʋ yɔ. Pɩtasɩ lɛ, mɛtanaa 576 lakɩ ɛzɩ "Li naa" 13 400 mbʋ yɔ yaa mɛtanaa 500 ɖeyi ɖeyi. Koloŋa ŋga ka-kʊkʊyɩmɩŋ taa wɛ ɛzɩ mɛtanaa 6 yaa 7 yɔ nɛ ka-walanzɩ taa lɛ pʋwɛ ɛzɩ mɛtanaa 4 yaa 5 mbʊ yɔ. Ɖomaɣ fenaɣ taa sɔsɔ weyi ɛcɔŋna ɛsɩyɛ ekpena nɛ tɔsʊʊ yɔɔ yɔ, ɛɖaɣna koloŋa ŋga maɣzɩ nɛ ɛyɔɔdɩ camɩyɛ se koloŋa ŋga ka-ɖaɣlakɩŋ kɛ kilomɛtanaa 8 851,8. Koloŋa kʊɖʊmaɣ ŋga, paɖaɣna-kɛ maɣzʋʋ mɩsɩ kʊm fenaɣ taa nɛ pana se ka-ɖaɣlakɩŋ taa talʊ kilomɛtanaa 21 196,18. Wayɩ wayɩ maɣzʊ pʊnɛ, pɩtamna wɔɔlɩŋ weyi weyi ɛyɔkaa yɔ payɩ.


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AWULAA
TƆM TAKƎLAƔA NAALƐ NYƎŊKA
Kʋtʋlʋtʋ
Yutɑ nyǝ́mɑ nɑ Ɩsɛɣɛlɩ nyǝ́mɑ tɔm kɛ pɑ kɛɛsǝɣɩ tɑkǝlɑɣɑ kɑnɛ kɑ tɑɑ. Pɑ kɛɛsǝɣɩ kɑ tɑɑ kɛ́ ɩsǝnɑ Ɩsɔ yǝlɑɑ lɔ Ɩsɔ nɑ pɑ sʋʋ tɩɩŋ lɑɑtʋ tɑɑ tɔ. Ɩlɛnɑ Ɩsɔ nɑ́ɑ́ yele nɑ Asilii nyǝ́mɑ yoonɑ-wɛ. Kolontunɑɑ kuu pɑ yǝlɑɑ nɑ pɑ wɛnɑʋ tǝnɑ nɑ pɑ ɑcɑlɛɛ pǝsɩ ncɑɑ. Pǝ yelɑ Yutɑ nyǝ́mɑ tike ɩlɛnɑ pɛlɛ pɑ tɑɣɑnɩ lɑɑtʋ tɑɑ kɛ́ hɛlʋɣʋ tɔtɔ. Ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ Pɑpiloni wulɑʋ nɑ kɔmɑ nɑ ɩ́ kuu pɛlɛ nɑ ɩ́ tɛɛnɑ.
Ɩsǝnɑ pɑ fɑɣɑ Awulɑɑ II tɑkǝlɑɣɑ tɔ:
Wulɑʋ Sɑlʋmɔŋ kɑwulɑɣɑ fɑɣɑʋ, titite 1–17
Yutɑ kɑwulɑɣɑ tɔm, titite 18–24
Pɑpiloni wulɑʋ yɔkʋɣʋ kɛ Yosɑlɛm Ɩsɔ tǝsɛɛlɛ, titite 25
1
Ahɑsiyɑ sǝm tɔm heeluɣu
1 Wɑɑtʋ wei Akɑpɩ sǝpɑ, ɩlɛnɑ Mowɑpʋ nyǝ́mɑ kisi sɩ Ɩsɛɣɛlɩ nyǝ́mɑ ɩ́ tɑɑ tɑsɑ kɑwulɑɣɑ tɔɣɔʋ kɛ pɑ tɔɔ.
2 Ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ kʋyɑkʋ nɑkʋlɩ, wulɑʋ Ahɑsiyɑ lɩɩ ɩ kɑwulɑɣɑ ɑtɛ nɑ ɩsɔ kutuluɣu nyʋɣʋ tɑɑ, nɑ ɩ́ hoti nɑ pǝ́ kʋ-ɩ sɔsɔm. Ɩlɛnɑ ɩ́ tili sɩ: Ɩ́ polo ɩ́ yɑɑ Ɩkoloŋ nyǝ́mɑ tʋɣʋ Pɑɑlɩ-Sepu. Ɩ́ pɔɔsɩ-kʋ sɩ mɑɑ sɩ yɑɑ mɑɑ kʋlɩ? 3 Ntɛnɑ Tɑcɑɑ ɩsɔtɑɑ tillu nɔɣɔlʋ ɩ kʋsɩ Ilii sɩ: Polo nɑ ń pɔɔsɩ wulɑʋ tillɑɑ mpɛ sɩ, ɩsɩɩ Ɩsɛɣɛlɩ Ɩsɔ fɛɩ kɛlɛ nɑ ɩ́ puki Ɩkoloŋ nyǝ́mɑ tʋɣʋ kɛ pɔɔsʋɣʋ nɑ? 4 Pǝ tɔɔ, ɩsɩɩ wulɑʋ sǝpɑ, ɩ kɑɑ kʋlɩ.
Ɩlɛnɑ Ilii nɑ́ɑ́ polo ɩsɩɩ Tɑcɑɑ kʋsʋɣʋ-ɩ tɔ. 5 Ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ tillɑɑ mǝlɑ kpɑkpɑɑ. Ɩlɛnɑ wulɑʋ pɔɔsɩ-wɛ sɩ: Ɩ́ mǝlɑɑ suwe? 6 Ntɛnɑ pɛlɛ sɩ: Apɑlʋ nɔɣɔlʋ ɩ kɑtǝnɑ-tʋ sɩ, tǝ́ mǝlɩ nɑ tǝ́ heeli-ŋ sɩ Tɑcɑɑ pɔɔsǝɣɩ-ŋ sɩ: Ɩsɩɩ Ɩsɛɣɛlɩ Ɩsɔ fɛɩ kɛlɛ nɑ ń puki Ɩkoloŋ nyǝ́mɑ tʋɣʋ kɛ pɔɔsʋɣʋ nɑ? Pǝ tɔɔ tɔ, ɩsɩɩ n sǝpɑ n kɑɑ kʋlɩ.
7 Kɛlɛnɑ wulɑʋ sɩ: Apɑlʋ wei ɩ heelɑ-mɛɣɛ tɔm ntɩ tɔ, ɩsǝnɑ tɔɔ kɛ́ ɩ wɛɛ?
8 Ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ tillɑɑ mpɛ sɩ: Yooyoonɑɑ hʋntʋ toko kɛ ɩ suuwɑ, nɑ ɩ́ lǝlɑ tɑmpɑlɑ kɛ ɩ tǝnɑɣɑ tɑɑ.
Ntɛnɑ wulɑʋ mɑ kɑpukɑ sɩ: Hei, Ɩsɔ kʋyɔɣɔtʋtʋ tɛlǝsʋlʋ Ilii kɛ́.
Ahɑsiyɑ mɑɣɑsǝɣɩ sɩ ɩ́ kpɑ Ilii
9 Mpʋɣʋlɛ wulɑʋ kʋsɑ yoolɑɑ nɩɩlɛ nɑ nɑɑnʋwɑ, nɑ pɑ nyʋɣʋ tʋ sɩ: Ɩ́ kpɑ hɑtoo pʋɣʋ nyʋɣʋ tɑɑ, timpi Ilii kɑ wɛɛ tɔ, nɑ ɩ́ kpɑ-ɩ. Pɛlɛ pɑ tɑlɑ ɩ kiŋ, ɩlɛnɑ pɑ nyʋɣʋ tʋ tɔ sɩ: Ɩsɔ kʋyɔɣɔtʋtʋ tɛlǝsʋlʋ yoou, wulɑʋ sɩ ń tii lɔŋ.
10 Ntɛnɑ Ilii sɩ: Timpi mɑ kɛ́ Ɩsɔ kʋyɔɣɔtʋtʋ tɛlǝsʋlʋ tɔ, mɑ sǝlǝmǝɣɩ sɩ, kɔkɔ ɩ́ lɩɩnɑ ɩsɔtɑɑ, nɑ kɑ́ nyɑɣɑ nyɑnɑ nyɑ́ yoolɑɑ.
Ɩlɛnɑ kɔkɔ tiinɑ ɩsɔ, nɑ kɑ́ nyɑɣɑ-wɛ. 11 Ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ wulɑʋ tɑsɑ kʋsʋɣʋ kɛ yoolɑɑ lɛlɑɑ nɩɩlɛ nɑ nɑɑnʋwɑ, nɑ pɑ nyʋɣʋ tʋ sɩ: Ɩ́ polo Ilii wɑɑlɩ. Ɩlɛnɑ nyʋɣʋ tʋ tɔmɩ-ɩ sɩ: Ɩsɔ kʋyɔɣɔtʋtʋ tɛlǝsʋlʋ yoou, wulɑʋ sɩ ń tii lɔŋ tǝcɑʋ.
12 Ntɛnɑ Ilii sɩ: Timpi mɑ kɛ́ Ɩsɔ kʋyɔɣɔtʋtʋ tɛlǝsʋlʋ tɔ, mɑ sǝlǝmǝɣɩ sɩ kɔkɔ ɩ́ lɩɩnɑ ɩsɔtɑɑ, nɑ kɑ́ nyɑɣɑ nyɑnɑ nyɑ́ yoolɑɑ.
Ɩlɛnɑ Ɩsɔ tisi kɔkɔ kɛ kpɑkpɑɑ, nɑ kɑ́ nyɑɣɑ-wɛ. 13 Ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ wulɑʋ tɑsɑ yoolɑɑ nɩɩlɛ nɑ nɑɑnʋwɑ kʋsʋɣʋ kɛ tɔm tooso nyǝm, nɑ pɑ nyʋɣʋ tʋ. Nyʋɣʋ tʋ tɑlɑ Ilii kiŋ, ɩlɛnɑ ɩ luŋ ɑkulɑ nɑ ɩ́ wiinɑ-ɩ sɩ: Hɑɩ, Ɩsɔ kʋyɔɣɔtʋtʋ tɛlǝsʋlʋ, kenti mɑ́ nɑ mɑ yǝlɑɑ tɑ tɔɔ. 14 Mɑ nyǝmɑ́ sɩ kɔkɔ lɩɩnɑ ɩsɔtɑɑ nɑ kɑ́ nyɑɣɑ yoolɑɑ kɑncɑɑlɑɣɑ nyǝ́mɑ nɑ pɑ nyʋɣʋ nyǝ́mɑ nɑɑlɛ. Ɩlɛ hɑɩ, tɑɑ kɔnɑ tɑɣɑ mpusi ɩnɩ.
15 Ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ Ɩsɔ ɩsɔtɑɑ tillu heelɑ Ilii sɩ: Tǝŋ-wɛ, tɑɑ nyɑ́.
Ɩlɛnɑ Ilii tǝŋ-wɛ nɑ ɩ́ tii. 16 Nɑ ɩ́ tɔ wulɑʋ sɩ: Tɑcɑɑ yɔɣɔtɑɑ sɩ, timpi n kʋsɑ tillɑɑ sɩ, pɑ́ polo pɑ́ pɔɔsɩ Ɩkoloŋ nyǝ́mɑ tʋɣʋ Pɑɑlɩ-Sepu kɛ tɔm, ɩsɩɩ Ɩsɔ fɛɩ Ɩsɛɣɛlɩ tɑɑ tɔ, n kɑɑ kʋlɩ, ɩsɩɩ n sǝpɑ.
17 Ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ Ahɑsiyɑ sǝpɑ tɑmpɑnɑ ɩsɩɩ Tɑcɑɑ kɑ heeluɣu Ilii tɔ. Amɑ ɩ tɑɑ fɛɩnɑ ɑpɑlʋpǝyɑɣɑ. Ɩlɛnɑ ɩ neu Solɑm lɛɛtɩ ɩ lonte. Yutɑ wulɑʋ Sosɑfɑtɩ pǝyɑlʋ Solɑm kɑwulɑɣɑ pǝnɑɣɑ nɑɑlɛ nyǝŋkɑ tɑɑ kɛlɛ.
18 Pɑ kɛɛsɑ wulɑʋ Ahɑsiyɑ tɔm lɛntǝnɑɑ tǝnɑɣɑ Ɩsɛɣɛlɩ ɑwulɑɑ tɑkǝlɑɣɑ tɑɑ.


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Marɩkɩ 4
Zezi na maŋɩ mɩmaŋa o brɩ nɔɔna te tɩn
(Matiyu 13:1-23, Luki 8:4-15)
1Zezi dɛɛn maa wʋ nɩnɩʋ kʋm ni nɩ o brɩ nɔɔna bam. Nɔɔna zanzan ma ba ba gilim-o. Ba kɔgɔ kʋm na daga tɩn, o ma zaŋɩ o di naboro kʋ na wʋ na bam wʋnɩ tɩn, yɩ o jǝni sɩ o brɩ-ba. Nɔɔna bam maama ma maŋɩ na bam ni nɩ, sɩ ba taa cǝgi o taanɩ dɩm. 2O maa maɩ mɩmaŋa o brɩ-ba wǝǝnu zanzan, yɩ o zaasɩ-ba o wɩ:
3«Cǝgi-na. Valʋ dɛɛn mʋ wʋra. O ma zaŋɩ o vu o kara sɩ o du. 4O ma karɩ o dʋlɩ o wo-duuru tɩm. Tɩdonnǝ ma tʋ cwǝŋǝ ni nɩ. Zunǝ ma ba ba twɛ-tɩ ba di. 5Tɩdonnǝ ma tʋ kandwa jǝgǝ nɩ valɩm na ba daga mɛ tɩn. Tɩ ma wʋ daanɩ tɩ puli, valɩm dɩm na ba lirǝ tɩn ŋwaanɩ. 6Wɩa ma ba ka baanɩ tɩ maama. Tɩ bʋnnʋ na wʋ zʋ tɩga tɩn, tɩ ma tɩ. 7Kʋ daarɩ wo-duuru tɩdonnǝ ma tʋ sabarɩ wʋnɩ. Tɩ na puli tɩn, sabarɩ sɩm laan ma zaŋɩ sɩ li-tɩ sɩ gʋ, yɩ tɩ daa wʋ kɩ biǝ. 8Kʋ daarɩ tɩdonnǝ ma tʋ tɩ-ywǝŋǝ jǝgǝ nɩ, tɩ ma puli tɩ nuŋi tɩ kɩ biǝ lanyɩranɩ. Tɩdonnǝ kɩ nɩnɛɛnɩ biǝ fiintɔ fiintɔ. Tɩdaara kɩ nɩnɛɛnɩ biǝ fusɩrdʋ fusɩrdʋ. Tɩtɩm dɩ maa kɩ nɩnɛɛnɩ biǝ bi bi.»
9Zezi laan ma ta o wɩ: «Á nan fɔgɩ á cǝgi a taanɩ dɩm lanyɩranɩ.»
10Kɔgɔ kʋm na viiri kʋ daarɩ Zezi o yɩranɩ tɩn, nɔɔna balʋ ya na wʋ o tee nɩ tɩn badaara ma tɔgɩ dɩ o karabiǝ fugǝ-bale bam, ba vu ba bwe-o mɩmaŋa yam kuri. 11O ma lǝri-ba o wɩ: «Kʋ na yɩ abam, Wɛ maŋɩ DƖ pa á lwarɩ DƖ paarɩ dɩm kuri na yɩ te tɩn, yɩ cɩga kam kʋntʋ ya maŋɩ ka sǝgi mʋ. Kʋ daarɩ, balʋ na daɩ amʋ kɔgɔ kʋm wʋ nɔɔna tɩn, a maɩ mɩmaŋa yɩranɩ mʋ a brɩ-ba Wɛ cɩga kam, 12sɩ
‹ba na niǝ, sɩ ba yɩ taa naɩ lanyɩranɩ,
ba na cǝgǝ, sɩ ba yɩ taa ni ka kuri.
Kʋ na daɩ kʋntʋ, ba ya wʋ́ pipiri ba sɛ Wɛ,
yɩ DƖ wʋ́ yagɩ ba lwarɩm DƖ ma cɛ-ba.› »
13Zezi laan ma bwe-ba o wɩ: «Á wʋ ni mɩmaŋɩ dɩntʋ kuri na? Kʋntʋ tɩn, á nan wʋ́ kɩ ta mʋ á ni mɩmaŋa yadonnǝ yam kuri? 14Mɩmaŋɩ dɩm kuri mʋ tɩntʋ:
Wo-duuru tɩlʋ valʋ wʋm na jɩgɩ o du tɩn mʋ brɩ Wɛ taanɩ dɩm na yɩ te tɩn. 15Nɔɔna badonnǝ nyɩ dɩ cwǝŋǝ kam ni wo-duuru tɩm na tʋ mɛ tɩn mʋ. Bantʋ na ni Wɛ taanɩ dɩm tɩn, sʋtaanɩ ma da dɩ ba dɩ lɩ-dɩ, yɩ dɩ wʋ zʋ ba wʋbʋŋa. 16Nɔɔna badonnǝ nyɩ dɩ kandwa jǝgǝ kalʋ wo-duuru tɩm na tʋ da tɩn mʋ. Bantʋ na ni Wɛ taanɩ dɩm tɩn, ba joŋi-dɩ lɩla dɩ wʋpolo. 17Taanɩ dɩm ma wʋ tiini dɩ zʋ ba wʋbʋŋa. Yaara na yi-ba, yɩ ba na bɛɛsɩ-ba Wɛ taanɩ dɩm ŋwaanɩ, baá da ba kwe-dɩ ba yagɩ mʋ lɩla. 18Nɔɔna badaara nyɩ dɩ sabarɩ sɩm jǝgǝ kam wo-duuru tɩm na tʋ da tɩn mʋ. Bantʋ mʋ yɩ balʋ na ni Wɛ taanɩ dɩm, 19yɩ ba ta jɩgɩ liǝ dɩ lʋgʋ baŋa wǝǝnu tɩm. Sǝbu-lagɩ ma cɔgɩ ba wʋbʋŋa yɩ wo-yɔɔrʋ fra jɩgɩ-ba, kʋ pa ba kwe Wɛ taanɩ dɩm ba yagɩ, yɩ dɩ wʋ jaanɩ kuri dɩ pa-ba. 20Kʋ daarɩ nɔɔna badaara nyɩ dɩ tɩ-ywǝŋǝ jǝgǝ kam wo-duuru tɩm na tʋ da tɩn mʋ. Bantʋ mʋ yɩ balʋ na ni Wɛ taanɩ dɩm yɩ ba sɛ-dɩ lanyɩranɩ tɩn. Kʋntʋ ma pa Wɛ taanɩ dɩm ja kuri dɩ pa-ba, nɩnɛɛnɩ wo-duuru na kɩ biǝ lanyɩranɩ, sɩ kʋ maŋɩ dɩ biǝ fiintɔ fiintɔ, yɩ tɩdaara dɩ kɩ biǝ fusɩrdʋ fusɩrdʋ, yɩ tɩdonnǝ dɩ kɩ biǝ bi bi tɩn.»
Kanɩa mɩmaŋa
(Luki 8:16-18)
21Zezi daa ma maŋɩ o brɩ-ba o wɩ: «Nɔɔnʋ na tarɩgɩ kanɩa, oó sɛ o kwe-ka o pu tɩtɔgɔ kuri nɩ, naa o zɩgɩ-ka gadogo kuri nɩ na? Aye. Oó kwe-ka o palɩ wɛɛnɩ mʋ. 22Kʋlʋ maama na sǝgi zɩm nɔɔna tee nɩ tɩn wʋ́ ba kʋ kwɩn. Kʋlʋ maama na pugi zɩm tɩn wʋ́ ba kʋ puri sɩ nɔɔna maama lwarɩ-kʋ. 23Á nan fɔgɩ á cǝgi a taanɩ dɩm lanyɩranɩ.»
24O daa ma ta o wɩ: «Kwaanɩ-na á pa á na ni kʋlʋ tɩn zʋ á wʋbʋŋa. Abam na maɩ bwaŋa kalʋ á maŋɩ á pa á donnǝ tɩn, Wɛ dɩ wʋ́ ma bwaŋa kantʋ mʋ DƖ maŋɩ DƖ pɛɛlɩ DƖ pa abam. 25Bɛŋwaanɩ, nɔɔnʋ wʋlʋ na maŋɩ o jɩgɩ woŋo tɩn, o ta wʋ́ joŋi kʋdoŋ o wǝli da, yɩ nɔɔnʋ wʋlʋ nan na maŋɩ o ba jɩgɩ kʋlʋkʋlʋ tɩn wʋ́ ba o ga kʋlʋ fɩnfɩɩn o ya na jɩgɩ tɩn dɩ.»
Wo-vaalʋ bɩrʋ mɩmaŋa
26Zezi daa ma ta o wɩ: «Wɛ paarɩ dɩm nyɩ dɩ nɔɔnʋ na kwe wo-duuru o du o kara wʋnɩ te tɩn mʋ. 27Tɩtɩɩ nɩ o maa tigi o dɔa. Wɩa nɩ o maa yǝni o zaŋɩ. Wɩa dɩ tɩtɩɩ maama wo-vaalʋ tɩm maa pulǝ yɩ tɩ bɩra, yɩ valʋ wʋm yǝri tɩ na kɩ te tɩ puli. 28Tɩga kam nɩ mʋ wǝǝnu tɩm tɩtɩ yǝni tɩ puli tɩ nuŋi tɩ da yigǝ tɩ kɩ vɔɔrʋ. Tɩ laan ja pugǝ yɩ tɩ daarɩ tɩ kɩ biǝ. 29Wo-vaalʋ tɩm na bɩgɩ tɩ ti, valʋ wʋm laan wʋ́ kwe o sʋgʋ o vu o zagɩ-tɩ, faa maŋa kam na yi tɩn ŋwaanɩ.»
Wɛ paarɩ dɩm na yɩ te tɩn
(Matiyu 13:31-32, Luki 13:18-19)
30Zezi daa ta ma ta o wɩ: «Amʋ wʋ́ ma bɛɛ mʋ a maa maŋɩ a brɩ abam Wɛ paarɩ dɩm na nyɩ te tɩn? Aá ma mɩmaŋa mʋ a brɩ abam sɩ á lwarɩ lanyɩranɩ. 31Wɛ paarɩ dɩm nyɩ dɩ nɔɔnʋ na kwe wo-duu na yɩ mɩmɩɩnʋ o du tɩga nɩ, yɩ wo-duu kʋm kʋntʋ mʋ tiini kʋ yɩ mɩmɩɩnʋ wo-dwǝ maama wʋnɩ. 32O na dugi-kʋ tɩn, kʋ laan ma nuŋi kʋ ji kamunu kʋ dwǝni dwǝ balʋ maama na wʋ o kara kam nɩ tɩn. Kʋ ma ta nɛ kamunǝ kamunǝ, yɩ zunǝ tui ba sɔ ba pwǝru kʋ yuu nɩ, kʋ na jɩgɩ woro tɩn ŋwaanɩ.»
33Zezi maa maɩ mɩmaŋa yantʋ dwi zanzan mʋ o maŋɩ Wɛ taanɩ dɩm o brɩ nɔɔna bam. O maa yǝni o brɩ-ba nɩnɛɛnɩ ba na wʋ́ wanɩ ba ni dɩ kuri te tɩn. 34O maa maɩ mɩmaŋa yɩranɩ mʋ o brɩ nɔɔna bam. Kʋ na yǝni kʋ yɩ wʋntʋ dɩ o karabiǝ bam yɩranɩ, o yǝni o tɛ wǝǝnu tɩm maama kuri o brɩ-ba.
Zezi na jɩgɩ dam vu-fɔrɔ dɩ na baŋa nɩ te tɩn
(Matiyu 8:23-27, Luki 8:22-25)
35Dɛ dɩm kʋntʋ wa-zʋʋrɩ maŋa nɩ, Zezi ma ta dɩ o karabiǝ bam o wɩ: «Pa-na dɩ́ kwe naboro dɩ́ vu dɩ́ bɛ bubɛ dɩdoŋ dɩm.» 36O na je naboro kʋm wʋnɩ kʋntʋ tɩn, ba ma kwe-o ba ja viiri yɩ ba daarɩ kɔgɔ kʋm. Nabwǝǝru tɩdonnǝ dɩ maa tɔgɩ-ba tɩ veǝ. 37Vu-fɔrɔ laan ma zaŋɩ kʋ magɩ boro kʋm. Na bam ma pɔgɩlɩ zanzan ba wʋra ba sui boro kʋm, yɩ kʋ lagɩ kʋ miisi na bam kuri nɩ. 38Zezi maa wʋ naboro kʋm kwaga kam nɩ o tigi pɔlɔ baŋa nɩ o dɔa. O karabiǝ bam ma vu ba zaŋ-o, yɩ ba ta dɩd-o ba wɩ: «Karanyɩna, dɩ́ na lagɩ dɩ́ tɩ tɩn, kʋ daɩ kʋlʋkʋlʋ dɩ nmʋ na?»
39O laan ma zaŋɩ wɛɛnɩ, yɩ o bagɩ vu-fɔrɔ kʋm o wɩ, kʋ kwǝri, yɩ o daarɩ o ta dɩ na bam o wɩ, ba yagɩ sɔɔ! O na tagɩ kʋntʋ tɩn, viu kʋm ma sɩɩnɩ kʋ ja, yɩ na bam dɩ maŋɩ da cɩmm. 40O ma ta dɩ o karabiǝ bam o wɩ: «Bɛɛ mʋ yɩ á fʋmma kʋntʋ? Abam ta wʋ kɩ á wʋ-dɩdʋa dɩ amʋ na?»
41Fʋʋnɩ ma tiini dɩ ja-ba. Ba ma bwe daanɩ ba wɩ: «Nɔɔnʋ wʋntʋ yɩ wɔɔ mʋ, yɩ viu dɩ na dɩ ta sɛ o ni?»


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Cannes tɛtʋ taa silimaɣ ciŋgaayi
Paa pɩnaɣ ŋga palakɩ kedeŋa kpeekpe silimaɣ ciŋgaayi. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se pɔcɔŋna nɛ pana se pɩnaɣ mpilim taa lɛ, akɩlɩ silimaɣ waa kɩbama lɩzʋʋ. Pañɩnɩɣ nɛ pana weyi ɛkɩlɩ lɩzʋʋ silimaɣ waa kɩbama lɛ, palabɩ-ɩ kedeŋa kpeekpe kʋjɔʋ sɔsɔʋ. Pɩnaɣ 1946 ñɩŋga taa papazɩ kedeŋa kpeekpe silimaɣ waa ciŋgaayi ŋgʋ labʋ. Ɖajaa Jean Zay labɩna kedeŋa kpeekpe silimaɣ waa ciŋgaayi tɛ tamaɣ. Ɖajaa Jean Zay kɛ Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ minisi weyi ɛcɔŋna sukulinaa nɛ nesi tɛɛ tʋma yɔɔ yɔ. Ɖooo lɛ, payaɣa kedeŋa kpeekpe silimaɣ waa tɛ ciŋgaayi se, kedeŋa kpeekpe fiilim waa tɛ ciŋgaayi. Kpaɣna pɩnaɣ 2002 nɛ pʋkɔɔ pɩsɩɩna sɔnɔ yɔ peyeba yaʋ se kedeŋa kpeekpe fiilim waa tɛ ciŋgaayi nɛ payaɣ se kedeŋa kpeekpe silimaɣ waa tɛ ciŋgaayi. Kɩyakɩŋ hiu nɛ kagbaanzɩ mpilim palakɩna ciŋgaayi ŋgʋ. Pɩlaba pɩnzɩ cabɩ yɔ, kedeŋa kpeekpe silimaɣ waa tɛ ciŋgaayi pakɩlɩ sɩm tɛtʋ yɔɔ cɩnɛ, kɔzɩ kɔzɩ pɩnaɣ taa alɩwaatʋ ndʋ patʋlʋʋ silimaɣ waa tɛ ciŋgaayi nɔnɔɔ yɔ. Alɩwaatʋ ndʋʋ pakpazɩ kɛdɛɛka kɩsɛmaɣ nakɛyɛ ɛsɔdaa. Kedeŋa kpeekpe tɩlɩ kedeŋa kpeekpe silimaɣ waa ciŋgaayi ŋgʋ, ɛlɛ, pama takayɩsɩ ndɩ ndɩ nasɩyɛ taa nɛ pakʋyʋʋ kedeŋa kpeekpe silimaɣ waa tɛ ciŋgaayi ŋgʋ kʋ-yɔɔ. Paa pɩnaɣ ŋga, agoza fenaɣ ɖɩtɛnɖɛ taa, kedeŋa kpeekpe silimaɣ waa laɖaa nɛ wendu teyaa nɛ mba pɛtɛyɩɣ yaa pɛpɛdɩɣ silimaɣ waa ajɛya kpeekpee taa yɔ nɛ aseɣɖe tɔm susuyaa kudokiŋ ɛgbɔŋ ɛgbɔŋ pakʋyʋʋ nɛ powoki Cannes tɛtʋ taa. Toovenum lɛ, Cannes tɛtʋ taa palakɩ kedeŋa kpeekpe silimaɣ waa tɛ ciŋgaayi ŋgʋ. Cannes tɛtʋ wɛ Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa.


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Tɩsɩprɔsɩyɔm
Tɩsɩprɔsɩyɔm kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 66 nɛ yʊsaɣ ñɩŋa yɔ Dy. Ɛ-hɩɖɛ lɩna krɛkɩ kʊnʊŋ taa δuσπpόσιtoς / dus-prósitos, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se ɛwɛ kaɖɛ se pehiɣ-ɩ. Ɛkɛ ñɩɣlɩm pʊtʊ weyi ɛwɛ kɛtɛɖaɣ tɛtʊ naa taa yɔ, ɛwɛ kpʊzɩyɛɛ liidiye tɩyɛ. Ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ lantanɩdɩ waa lalaa yɔ, ɛwɛ tɛyɩŋ, ɛwɛ manɩɩ nɛ ɛwɛ ɖɔfɩɩ nɛ papɩzɩɣ pɛsɛtɩ-ɩ nɛ sɩɣa. Helim taa ɛwɛ ɖiɣɖiɣ.
Pana tɩsɩprɔsɩyɔm pɩnaɣ 1886 pɩtɩŋna Paul Emile Lecoq Boisbaudran ñɩnʊ yɔɔ. Lecoq Boisbaudran ñɩnʊ laba ɛ-yɔɔ tʊmɩyɛ kajalaɣ ɖenɖe pɩtɩŋna hɔlɩmɩyɔm yɔɔ nɛ ɛha-ɩ hɩɖɛ se tɩsɩprɔsɩyɔm pɩlɩna krɛkɩ kʊnʊŋ yɔɔ mbʊ se dysprositos pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se pʊwɛ kaɖɛ se pehiɣ-ɩ.
Pɩkɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-tɛ tʊma labɩnaʊ kaaɖɔ piŋ yɔ. Ɛ-tɛ lɩm pʊtʊnaa mba pɔyɔɔlaɣa yɔ pataa kɩlɩ wɛnaʊ sɔtɔ piŋ, piyele mba pɔtɔ yɔɔlʊʊ yɔ pakpaɣ papa ɛzɩ sɔtʊ ñɩma yɔ. Kɔɔ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ tɛ, sɔtʊ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ tɛ kɛ tɩsɩprɔsɩyɔm tɛ kɩlɔrɩ pʊtʊnaa yɔɔ mbʊ yɔ palaba tʊmɩyɛ pɔ-yɔɔ ɖooo pɩnzɩ 1960, kɛlɛ pana se pɛ-tɛ sɔtʊ nɛ laɣsɩ nzɩ pɛwɛna wɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ lalaa mba pɛ nɛ-wɛ pɛkpɛnda pɛwɛɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ pɩlʊʊ kʊyʊmʊʊtaa yɔ.
Kɛlɛ hɔlɩmɩyɔm nɛ ɛrbɩyɔm tɛ kɩlɔrɩ wonduu naa pasɩɣ holaa ɖoŋ nɛ pɩkɔŋna sɩm mbʊ pʊyɔɔ pɩcamʊʊ ñamɩyɛ calɩm hosi nɛ feziŋ ɛɛlakɩ camɩyɛ. Yee pʊtʊkɩna ɛsɩyɛ yɔ (patakaa nɛ pana lɛ) pɩkɔŋna ɛsɛcɩtʊ nɛ pɩkpɛndɩna kɩcɩkpɩŋ. Tomnaɣ keeke yɔɔ lɛ, pɩfɛyɩna cɛyɩtʊ natʊyʊ kɛlɛ tomnaɣ ŋga kɔ-yɔɔ kpɛza yɔ payaɣ cɛjɛsɩ pɩwɛ heɣe heɣe nɛ halɩ hɔndʊ tɔʊʊ.


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Pombe
Pombe yaa Mumbayɩ kɛna Ɛɛndɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa weyi payaɣ se Maharashtra yɔ ɛ-tɛ tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ. Pɩnaɣ 2011 taa kɩgalʊʊ ŋgʊ pakalaa yɔ, panaa se ɛyaa kpɛnda miliyɔɔnaa 12 478 447. Ɛndɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa payɩ lɛ, Pombe tɛtʊ kɩlɩna paɣlʊʊ nɛ yee pɛkpɛndɩna Mumbayɩ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-tɛ ageeta cɩkpɛna payɩ kɔyɔ ɛyaa pɛnaɣ peeɖe yɔ pakɩla ɛzɩ miliyɔɔnaa 18 414 288 yɔ. Mumbe tɛtʊ taa ageeta cɩkpena, anaa yɔ: Navi Mumbayɩ, Piwandɩ, Kaliyanɩ, Ulasinagarɩ nɛ Tani.
Keteŋa kpeekpe taa lɛ, Mumbaɩ tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩkɛ looɖo ñɩndʊ kɛ tɛtʊ sʊzʊtʊ kpeekpe taa. Ɛndɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa lɛ, Mumbaɩ tɛtʊ kɛŋna tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩkɛna tadɩyɛ tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ sɩŋŋŋ yɔ. Keteŋa kpeekpe taa lɛ Mumbayɩ wɛ tɛtʊ hiu ndʊ tɩ-taa liidiya kɩlʊʊ sʊ yɔ a-taa. Ɛzɩma Mumbayɩ tɛtʊ taa liidiya nɛ laŋhɛzɩyɛ pɛwɛɛ sɩŋŋŋ yɔ lɛ, Ɛndɩ ɛjaɖɛ kpeekpe taa evebiya nɛ pɛlaa nɛ piya yaa sʊsaa maɣmaɣ kʊyʊʊ polona taa nɛ peseɣ powoki tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa se pɩwɛ ɛzɩma kɔyɔ pɛhɛzɩ kʊñɔŋ tɔɔʊ pazɩ.
Mbʊ yebina nɛ peeɖe tɛtʊ taa lɛ sɔnzɩ ndɩ ndɩ sakɩyɛ wɛɛ. Payaɣ Mumbayɩ maalika ñʊʊdʊ se Shraddha Jadhav nɛ kɔmɩsɛɛrɩ sʊsɔ kɔyɔ Jairaj Phatak.


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Alto
Alto kɛna minziiki wonuu. Kɩwɛ minziiki wondu pɩlɩʋ taa. Kɩkɛ minziiki wonuu ŋgʋ palakɩ-kʋ nɛ nimee yɔ. Kɩ-wɛtʋ wɛ ɛzɩ minziiki wonuu ŋgʋ payaɣ size vɩɔlɔɔ yɔ.
Ɛlɛ, alto paɣlaa pɩkɩlɩ viɔlɔɔ. Ki-witu lɛɛzɩɣ sakɩyɛ pɩtalɩ ɛzɩ 128 Hz nɛ pɩsɩna 2600 Hz mbʋ yɔ.
Katɔrɩ nimaa n̄ɩŋgʋ taa lɛ, ɖɩnaɣ (2 Vɩɔlɔɔ yaa alto yaa vɩɔlɔsɛlɩ). Alto witu wɛ ɖɔɖɔ kɛɛkɛ ɛzɩ abalʋ kɩlɩm nɔɔ witu wɛʋ yɔ wiliŋ tɩŋɛ taa (sɔpranɔ, yaa alto, yaa abalʋ kɩlɩm nɔɔ witu nɛ witu hɛɛɛ ñɩndʋ).
Ki-loyaɣ ɖasam loniye wala siŋŋ.
Soo n̄ɩɣyʋ kʋnɛ, kʋ-tʋma sɔsɔna kpaɣna ɖooo kpaɖʋʋ 18 ŋgʋ taa nɛ Georg Philipp Telemann tɛ konserto maʋ yɔ. Ɖɩnaɣ ɖɔɖɔ Symphonie concertante kɛ vɩɔlɔ nɛ alto Mozart hɩɖɛ taa. Stamitz nɛ Hoffmeister nɛ pɩtasɩna Rolla ɖɔɖɔ pa-tʋma taa.
Kpaɖʋʋ 20 taa lɛ, minziiki wondu luɖaa sakɩyɛ kama ɖɔɖɔ konserto waa kɛ alto hɔɔlʋʋ taa. Ɛyaa panɛ ɖɔɖɔ : Béla Bartók, nɛ Paul Hindemith,nɛ pɩtasɩna William Walton.
Alto kɛ minziiki wonuu ŋgʋ kɩwɛ ɖɔɖɔ camɩyɛ kaŋ kɛ soo n̄ɩyɩŋ ɖɩjaɣyɛ loyaɣ ɖasam loniye taa yɔ.
Alto kɛ minziiki ɖandɛ n̄ɩŋʋ.


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Tɩtʋŋa Tɔnɔ 12
Wɛ malɛka na vrɩ Pɩyɛɛrɩ Erɔdɩ jɩŋa nɩ ka yagɩ te tɩn
1Maŋa kam kʋntʋ nɩ Pɛ Erɔdɩ ma zaŋɩ o ja Zezi kɔgɔ kʋm wʋ nɔɔna badonnǝ sɩ o yaarɩ-ba. 2O ma ja Zakɩ wʋlʋ na yɩ Zan zɩmbaarʋ tɩn o pa ba gʋ-o dɩ sʋ-zɔɔ. 3O na kɩ kʋntʋ yɩ o lwarɩ nɩ kʋ poli Zwifǝ bam wʋ lanyɩranɩ tɩn, o daa ma ja Pɩyɛɛrɩ dɩ. Kʋ yɩ Zwifǝ bam candiǝ kalʋ ba na yǝni ba di dɩpɛ dɩlʋ na ba jɩgɩ dabɩlɩ tɩn maŋa nɩ mʋ. 4O na jaanɩ Pɩyɛɛrɩ kʋntʋ tɩn, o ma kɩ-o pɩɩna digǝ nɩ, yɩ o pa pamaŋna bana bana kuri bɩna yɩr-o ba lǝni daanɩ. Erɔdɩ dɛɛn maa lagɩ sɩ Pakɩ candiǝ kam na kɛ ka daarɩ, sɩ o laan pa ba ja Pɩyɛɛrɩ ba nuŋi, sɩ o di o taanɩ nɔɔna bam maama yigǝ nɩ. 5Kʋntʋ ŋwaanɩ Pɩyɛɛrɩ maa wʋ pɩɩna digǝ kam nɩ taan, yɩ Zezi kɔgɔ kʋm nɔɔna bam tiini ba loori Wɛ o ŋwaanɩ.
6Kʋ dɛɛn yɩ tɩtɩɩ dɩlʋ tɩga na wʋ́ pʋʋrɩ sɩ Erɔdɩ pa Pɩyɛɛrɩ nuŋi pooni sɩ o di o taanɩ tɩn. Pɩyɛɛrɩ ya tigi pamaŋna bale tɩtarɩ nɩ mʋ o dɔa. Ba ya vɔg-o dɩ capʋnnʋ tɩle mʋ. Pamaŋna badonnǝ dɩ ma wʋ pɩɩna digǝ kam ni nɩ ba yɩra. 7Baŋa-Wɛ malɛka laan ma da ka tu ka zɩgɩ da. Pooni maa da zǝŋi digǝ kam wʋnɩ. Malɛka kam ma pɩpagɩ Pɩyɛɛrɩ tɩkǝri nɩ ka pa o zaŋɩ, yɩ ka ta-o ka wɩ: «Kɩ lɩla n zaŋɩ wɛɛnɩ!» Capʋnnʋ tɩm ma kɔ Pɩyɛɛrɩ jɩa nɩ tɩ tʋ tɩga nɩ. 8Malɛka kam ma ta-o ka wɩ: «Fɔgɩ n vɔ n vɔɔrʋ tɩm sɩ n zʋ n natra yam.» O ma sɩɩnɩ o kɩ kʋntʋ. Ka daa ma ta ka wɩ: «Kwe n kasaa kʋm n zʋ, sɩ n ta n tɔgɩ amʋ.»
9Pɩyɛɛrɩ ma tɔgɩ ka kwaga o nuŋi pɩɩna digǝ kam wʋnɩ. O maa wʋ lwarɩ nɩ malɛka kam na kɩ kʋlʋ tɩn yɩ cɩga. O maa bʋŋɩ nɩ kʋ yɩ dɩndwɩa mʋ. 10Ba ma vu ba gaalɩ dayigǝ yɩrɩna bam dɩ kwaga yɩrɩna bam. Ba laan ma vu ba yi luu-bor-zɔŋɔ kʋlʋ na pʋrɩ kʋ yɔɔrɩ tɩʋ kʋm wʋ tɩn. Boro kʋm tɩtɩ ma pʋrɩ, yɩ ba kɛ ba nuŋi. Ba ma kwe cwǝŋǝ ba ve ba maa kɛa. Malɛka kam laan ma da ka viiri ka daarɩ Pɩyɛɛrɩ.
11Kʋ laan ma ba Pɩyɛɛrɩ wʋbʋŋa. O ma ta o wɩ: «A laan lwarɩ nɩ kʋ yɩ cɩga mʋ. Wɛ mʋ sɩɩnɩ DƖ tʋŋɩ DƖ malɛka sɩ ka ba ka joŋi-nɩ Erɔdɩ jɩŋa nɩ ka yagɩ, sɩ Zwifǝ bam daa yɩ wanɩ ba kɩ amʋ nɩ ba na bʋŋɩ te tɩn.»
12Pɩyɛɛrɩ na maanɩ kʋ na yɩ te tɩn, o ma vu Mari-ba sɔŋɔ. Wʋntʋ yɩ Zan Marɩkɩ nu mʋ. Nɔɔna zanzan dɛɛn mʋ kikili daanɩ sɔŋɔ kʋm nɩ ba wʋra ba warɩ Wɛ. 13O ma vu o yi mancoŋo boro kʋm o magɩ, sɩ ba pʋrɩ sɩ o zʋ. Ka-nyaanɩ maa wʋ sɔŋɔ kʋm nɩ, o yɩrɩ mʋ Rɔdɩ. O ma vu sɩ o nii, wɔɔ mʋ maga. 14O na ve tɩn, o ma lwarɩ Pɩyɛɛrɩ kwǝrǝ. O maa tiini o jɩgɩ wʋpolo zanzan kʋ pa o duri o joori, yɩ o wʋ pʋrɩ boro kʋm. O ma vu o ta dɩ nɔɔna bam o wɩ: «Pɩyɛɛrɩ mʋ zɩgɩ cicwǝŋǝ nɩ.» 15Ba ma lǝr-o ba wɩ, o co mʋ. O maa cɩm yɩ o ta o wɩ: «Kʋ sɩɩnɩ kʋ yɩ cɩga mʋ.» Ba daa ma lǝri ba wɩ: «Kʋ ga yɩ o ciru mʋ.»
16Pɩyɛɛrɩ daa ta maa zɩgɩ o magɩ boro kʋm taan. Ba laan ma ba ba pʋrɩ. Ba na nɛ-o tɩn, kʋ ma tiini kʋ sʋ-ba. 17O ma zǝŋi o jɩa o wɩ, ba cǝgi sɔɔ. O ma daarɩ o maŋɩ dɩ́ Yuutu wʋm na kɩ te o ja-o o nuŋi pɩɩna digǝ kam nɩ tɩn. O ta ma ta dɩ ba o wɩ, ba ve ba ta kʋlʋ na kɩ tɩn ba brɩ Zakɩ dɩ Zezi karabiǝ bam maama. O laan ma yagɩ-ba yɩ o vu jǝgǝ kadoŋ.
18Tɩga na pʋʋrɩ tɩtɩɩtɩ tɩn, pamaŋna balʋ ya na yɩrɩ Pɩyɛɛrɩ tɩn wʋbʋŋa vugimi. Ba ma bwe daanɩ ba wɩ: «Bɛɛ mʋ kɩ yɩ Pɩyɛɛrɩ tǝrǝ?» 19Erɔdɩ ma pa ni sɩ ba kwaanɩ ba beeri o jǝgǝ. Ba ma beer-o taan ba ga. Erɔdɩ ma bwe pamaŋna bam o nii, ba kɩ ta mʋ yɩ Pɩyɛɛrɩ nuŋi, yɩ o daarɩ o pa ni sɩ ba gʋ-ba.
Kʋntʋ na kɩ kʋ kɛ tɩn, Erɔdɩ ma zaŋɩ Zude nɩ o vu Sezaarɩ o zʋʋrɩ da.
Kʋ na kɩ te yɩ Erɔdɩ tɩ tɩn
20Erɔdɩ banɩ dɛɛn tiini dɩ zaŋɩ dɩ Tiiri dɩ Sidɔn tiinǝ. Je sɩm kʋntʋ nɔɔna bam ma zaŋɩ ba la kɔgɔ sɩ ba vu ba tʋ Erɔdɩ sɩ o yagɩ. Erɔdɩ dɛɛn jɩgɩ dɩdɛɛrʋ wʋlʋ na nii o sɔŋɔ kʋm baŋa nɩ, o yɩrɩ mʋ Bɩlasɩtɩ. Nɔɔna bam ma puli ba di ciloŋo dɩdaanɩ wʋntʋ, yɩ ba daarɩ ba vu Erɔdɩ te ba ŋɔɔnɩ dɩd-o sɩ o yagɩ o ban-zɔŋɔ kʋm. Ba dɛɛn lagɩ sɩ ba ni daanɩ, bɛŋwaanɩ ba tɩtɩ tɩʋ kʋm yǝni kʋ joŋi kʋ wʋdiiru pɛ wʋntʋ tɩʋ kʋm nɩ mʋ. 21Ba ma lɩ dɛ sɩ ba jǝni daanɩ ba ŋɔɔnɩ taanɩ dɩm.
Dɛ dɩm na yi tɩn, Erɔdɩ ma kwe o paarɩ gwar-fwaarʋ o zʋ. O laan ma jǝni o paarɩ jangɔŋɔ kʋm baŋa nɩ sɩ o ŋɔɔnɩ dɩ nɔɔna bam. 22O kwǝrǝ na zaŋɩ yɩ o ŋɔɔnɩ dɩ ba kʋntʋ tɩn, nɔɔna bam ma kaasɩ baŋa baŋa ba wɩ: «Kwǝrǝ kantʋ yɩ wɛ kwǝrǝ mʋ sɩ ka daɩ nabinzwǝnǝ nyɩm.» 23Erɔdɩ na sɛ ba zulǝ yam yɩ o wʋ pɛ Wɛ DƖ zulǝ tɩn, Baŋa-Wɛ malɛka ma pa yawɩʋ ja-o lɩla. Kanzwa ma zʋ o wʋ ya di-o ya gʋ.
24Wɛ kwǝrǝ kam dɛɛn maa jagɩ je maama, yɩ nɔɔna zanzan sɛ-ka. 25Banabasɩ dɩ Sooli ma ti tɩtʋŋɩ dɩlʋ ba na ve Zeruzalɛm sɩ ba tʋŋɩ tɩn. Ba laan ma ja Zan Marɩkɩ ba wǝli ba tɩtɩ nɩ, yɩ ba nuŋi Zeruzalɛm ba joori ba vu Antɩɔsɩ.


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Amerika tɔm
Pɩnaɣ 1492 n̄ɩŋga taa Amerika tɛtʋ taa sɔnzɩ n̄ɔwa. Pɩnaɣ ŋgaa sɔsɔ weyi payaɣ se Christophe Colomb yɔ ɛfɛyɩ ɛ-kajalaɣ naŋgbaŋaɣ Amerika tɛtʋ taa. Pɩnaɣ ŋga ɖɔɖɔ Ɛsɩpaan̄ɔɔlɩwaa talɩ tɛtʋ ńdʋ tɩ-taa.
Ɖooo pɩnzɩ 20 000 nɛ pʋcɔ palʋlɩ Yeesu-Krɩstʋ lɛ mbʋ payaɣ se "industrie lithique" yɔ pɩn̄ɔ Amerika tɛtʋ taa. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se "industrie ŋgʋ kɩn̄ɔwa nɛ pʋcɔ alɩwaatʋ ndʋ payaa se "Clovis" alɩwaatʋ yɔ tɩtalɩ. "Cactus Hill" tɛtʋ nɛ "Meadowcroft" tɛtʋ nɛ "Sandia" n̄ɩndʋ pawɩlɩɣna se mbʋʋ pɩlaba. Halɩ ɛyʋ ɛcɔnaayɔ, ɖooo pɩnzɩ 50 000 nɛ pʋcɔ palʋlʋʋ Yeesu "Topper" tɛtʋ nɛ "Caverne de Pendejo" n̄ɩndʋ pɛwɛɛ. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se "Topper" tɛtʋ nɛ tɛtʋ ndʋ payaɣ se "Caverne de Pendejo" yɔ tɩwɛɛ fayɩɩ nɛ pʋcɔ "Clovis" nɛ "Folsom" nɛ "Scottsbluff" pɛ-tɛtʋ wɛɛ. Ɛbɛ laba nɛ Amerika tɛtʋ taa ɛyaa ɖɔɔ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ?
Yee Amerika tɛtʋ taa ɛyaa ɛɖɔ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ yɔ, pɩtɛkɛ yem. Ɛyaa sakɩyɛ lɩna Aasii tɛtʋ taa nɛ pɛtɛzɩ tɛtʋ ndʋ payaɣ se "dédroit de Béring" yɔ nɛ powolo paɖʋ kʋyʋʋ Amerika tɛtʋ taa. Aasii tɛtʋ taa ɛyaa ḿba powoba Amerika tɛtʋ taa nɛ pacaɣ, kpaɣ "Alaska ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ puwolo pɩtalɩ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se "Terre de Feu" yɔ ɖɩ-taa.
Ɖajaanaa panɛ : Denis Stanford nɛ Bruce Bradley n̄ɩnaa nɛ pana ɖooo caanaʋ wondu natʋyʋ Amerika tɛtʋ taa. Caanaʋ wondu ndʋ tɩwɛɛ halɩ pɩla pɩnzɩ 13 000 nɛ pʋcɔ palʋlɩ Yeesu-Krɩstʋ. Peeye ɖajaanaa mba pamaɣzɩ se paa pɩɩla ɛzɩmaa yɔ, Eerɔpʋ tɛtʋ taa kajalaɣ n̄azɩyaa mba payaɣ se "Koolɔɔwaa" yɔ powoba Amerika tɛtʋ ńdʋ tɩ-taa pɩtala ɛzɩ pɩnzɩ 20 000 yɔ mbʋ yɔ.
Paa pɩɩla ɛzɩma, Aazii tɛtʋ taa ɛyaa mba pesewa nɛ paɖʋ kʋyʋʋ Amerika n̄ɩndʋ taa mbʋ yɔ, pɔcɔla hɔɔlʋʋ ŋgʋ payaɣ se "calotte polaire" yɔ kpɛɛɛ. "Calotte polaire" ŋgʋ kɩwɛ mbʋ nɛ kitii kɩtalɩ Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛyaa ḿba, paa pɩɩla ɛzɩma ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, pɛkɛɣ "Solutréens" waa mba paawɛ Ɛsɩpaan̄ɩ ɛjaɖɛ nɛ hayi kiŋ hɔɔlʋʋ taa yɔ. N̄ɩnɩyaa mba, pamaɣzʋʋ se paa pɩɩla we ɛyaa mba pɛkɛɣ "Solutréens" waa yɔ, pɩtɛkɛ yem. Pamaɣzɩ ḿbʋ, mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ, caanaʋ wondu ndʋ pana-tʋ Amerika tɛtʋ taa mbʋ yɔ yɔ, tɩlɩ "Solutréens" waa n̄ɩndʋ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ. Ɛlɛ, n̄ɩnɩyaa tetisi tɔm tʋnɛ tɩ-yɔɔ patɩŋa.


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Rom 11
Wɛ wʋ yagɩ Yisɩrayɛlɩ tiinǝ bam
1Kʋntʋ tɩn, amʋ ta lagɩ a bwe a nii, Wɛ vɩn DƖ tɩtɩ nɔɔna Yisɩrayɛlɩtiinǝ bam mʋ na? Aye! Kʋ daɩ kʋntʋ. Amʋ tɩtɩ dɩ yɩ Yisɩrayɛlɩ dwi tu mʋ. A yɩ Abrahamnaa mʋ, yɩ a nuŋi Bɛnzamɛndwi dɩm wʋnɩ. 2Wɛ wʋ vɩn DƖ nɔɔna balʋ DƖ na maŋɩ DƖ kuri pulim nɩ tɩn. Abam nan maŋɩ á ye Wɛ tɔnɔ kʋm na tagɩ Eli taanɩ te, dɩ o na warɩ Wɛ o ta Yisɩrayɛlɩ tiinǝ bam na kɩ te yɩ kʋ wʋ maŋɩ tɩn. 3O dɛɛn warɩ Wɛ o wɩ: «Yuutu Baŋa-Wɛ, ba gʋ nmʋ nijoŋnǝ bam maama, yɩ ba daarɩ ba cɔgɩ nmʋ kaanɩm bimbinǝ yam. Kʋ laan daarɩ amʋ yɩranɩ mʋ, yɩ ba kwaanɩ sɩ ba gʋ amʋ dɩ.»
4Wɛ nan lǝr-o DƖ wɩ bɛɛ mʋ? DƖ dɛɛn wɩ: «Amʋ lɩ nɔɔna mʋrr-tɩrpɛ mʋ (7.000), sɩ ba taa yɩ amʋ tɩtɩ nɔɔna. Bantʋ ta wʋ fɔgɩ ba kuni doonǝ ba zuli Baalɩ.»
5Kʋ nan ta yɩ bɩdwɩ mʋ dɩ zɩm maama. Nɔɔna fɩnfɩɩn ta mʋ daarɩ, Wɛ na tɔgɩ DƖ zaanɩ dɩm ŋwaanɩ DƖ kuri-ba tɩn. 6Wɛ dɛ DƖ zaanɩ dɩm ŋwaanɩ mʋ DƖ kuri-ba, sɩ kʋ daɩ ba tɩtʋŋ-ŋʋna ŋwaanɩ. Kʋ ya na yɩ ba tɩtʋŋ-ŋʋna ŋwaanɩ mʋ Wɛ kuri-ba, kʋ ya daa bá ta yɩ DƖ zaanɩ dɩm DƖ na pɛ-ba tɩn ŋwaanɩ.
7Kʋ brɩ nɩ Yisɩrayɛlɩ tiinǝ bam wʋ nɛ cɩga kalʋ ba na kwaanɩ sɩ ba na Wɛ tee nɩ tɩn. Nɔɔna balʋ Wɛ na kuri tɩn nan mʋ nɛ-ka. Balʋ na daarɩ tɩn bɩcarɩ digili. 8Kʋ maa kɩ-ba nɩ kʋ na pʋpʋnɩ te Wɛ tɔnɔ kʋm wʋnɩ kʋ wɩ:
«Wɛ mʋ pɛ ba wʋbʋŋa tɩ,
yɩ ba daa ba ni kʋlʋkʋlʋ kuri.
Dɩ zɩm maama, ba yiǝ ta ba naɩ,
yɩ ba zwa dɩ kwarɩmɩ dɩ Wɛ cɩga kam.»
9Davididɩ dɛɛn tagɩ ba taanɩ o wɩ:
«Wɛ wʋ́ pa ywǝǝni dɩlʋ ba na bʋŋɩ sɩ ba di tɩn pipiri dɩ ji woŋo kʋlʋ na wʋ́ ja-ba kʋ cɔgɩ,
nɩ cɩkʋ na jaanɩ-ba te tɩn.
Kʋ maa wʋ́ pa Wɛ pa ba na cam yɩ ba tʋ tɩga nɩ.
10Wɛ wʋ́ pa ba yiǝ dwe yɩ ba daa bá ta naɩ.
DƖ maa wʋ́ pa ba yɩra cɛ dɩ yaara taan,
maŋa maama.»
11Amʋ ta lagɩ a bwe a nii, Yisɩrayɛlɩ tiinǝ bam na tri ba tʋ kʋntʋ tɩn, kʋ brɩ nɩ ba daa bá wanɩ ba zaŋɩ ba joori ba fɔgɩ dɩ Wɛ mʋ na? Aye! Bantʋ na vɩn Wɛ cɩga kam te tɩn mʋ pɛ dwi-gɛtiinǝ wanɩ ba na vrɩm Wɛ tee nɩ. Wɛ kɩ kʋntʋ sɩ kʋ pa Yisɩrayɛlɩ tiinǝ bam mʋ taa jɩgɩ wʋ-gʋʋ dɩ ba. 12Yisɩrayɛlɩ tiinǝ bam na kɩ ba cɔgɩ tɩn mʋ pɛ nabiinǝ maama wanɩ ba na zǝnǝ lanyɩranɩ Wɛ tee nɩ. Bantʋ na gɛ kʋlʋ ba na maŋɩ sɩ ba na tɩn mʋ pɛ dwi-gɛ tiinǝ na cwǝŋǝ ba joŋi Wɛ zǝnǝ yam. Kʋ brɩ nɩ Yisɩrayɛlɩ tiinǝ kɔgɔ kʋlʋ na wʋ́ ba tɔgɩ Wɛ tɩn na puli kʋ ti, kʋʋ́ pa nɔɔna na Wɛ zǝnǝ zanzan kʋ ja gaalɩ.
Wɛ na vrɩ dwi-gɛ tiinǝ te tɩn
13Kʋ yɩ dɩ abam dwi-gɛtiinǝ mʋ a lagɩ a ta taanɩ dɩntʋ. Amʋ na yɩ Zezi tɩntʋŋnʋ sɩ a taa tɔɔlɩ o kwǝrǝ kam a brɩ dwi-gɛ tiinǝ tɩn, a brɩ nɩ kʋ tiini kʋ yɩ tɩtʋŋ-kamunu mʋ. 14Amʋ kwaanɩ a tʋŋɩ sɩ kʋ pa wʋ-gʋʋ mʋ ja a donnǝ Yisɩrayɛlɩtiinǝ bam, sɩ kʋ wanɩ kʋ pa Wɛ vrɩ ba badonnǝ amʋ tɩtʋŋa yam ŋwaanɩ. 15Wɛ na yagɩ bantʋ tɩn, kʋ pɛ lʋgʋ baŋa dwi tiinǝ maama laan ba ba fɔgɩ dɩ Wɛ. Kʋ daarɩ maŋa kalʋ Wɛ na wʋ́ joori DƖ joŋi-ba tɩn, kʋʋ́ ta nyɩ dɩ twa na joori ba na ŋwɩa te tɩn mʋ.
16Dɩ́ ye nɩ, nmʋ na dɛ yigǝ n fɔ dɩpɛ n tiŋi Wɛ ŋwaanɩ, dɩlʋ maama na daarɩ tɩn daa ta yɩ Wɛ nyɩm mʋ. Tiu kuri na yɩ Wɛ nyɩm, kʋ nɛ sɩm maama dɩ yɩ Wɛ nyɩm mʋ. 17Yisɩrayɛlɩ tiinǝ bam nyɩ dɩ Olivitiu ba na jǝri gaarɩ wʋnɩ te tɩn mʋ. Kʋ yɩ nɩnɛɛnɩ Wɛ mʋ goni tiu kʋm kʋntʋ nɛ sɩdaara DƖ yagɩ, yɩ DƖ daarɩ DƖ kwe Olivi tiu kʋlʋ na wʋ gaa wʋnɩ tɩn nɛ DƖ toŋi DƖ gwaanɩ nɛ sɩdonnǝ sɩm wʋnɩ. Abam balʋ na yɩ dwi-gɛ tiinǝ tɩn nyɩ dɩ nɛ sɩlʋ ba na toŋi tɩn mʋ. Sɩ laan ma wǝri yɩ sɩ tɔgɩ sɩ naɩ tiu kʋm kugu kʋm nyʋa kam. 18Kʋntʋ ŋwaanɩ, nmʋ yɩ ta n gooni nɛ sɩlʋ ba na goni ba yagɩ tɩn. Nmʋ na brɩ n tɩtɩ kʋntʋ, ta n ye sɩ kʋ daɩ nmʋ mʋ paɩ tiu kʋm kugu kʋm zɩga. Kʋ yɩ kugu kʋm mʋ jɩgɩ nmʋ. 19Nmʋ nan waɩ n tɛ nɩ: «Wɛ goni nɛ sɩm kʋntʋ DƖ yagɩ, kʋ daarɩ sɩ amʋ mʋ na jǝgǝ a toŋi tiu kʋm yɩra nɩ.» 20Kʋ sɩɩnɩ kʋ kɩ kʋntʋ mʋ. Wɛ nan goni nɛ sɩm kʋntʋ DƖ yagɩ, ba na wʋ kɩ ba wʋ-dɩdʋa dɩ DƖ tɩn ŋwaanɩ mʋ. Nmʋ nan na wanɩ n toŋi tiu kʋm yɩra nɩ tɩn, kʋ yɩ n na kɩ n wʋ-dɩdʋa dɩ Wɛ tɩn ŋwaanɩ mʋ. Nan yɩ zaŋɩ n ta n kɩ kamunni, za n ta n kwarɩ Wɛ. 21Bɛŋwaanɩ, Wɛ na wʋ sɛ sɩ DƖ yagɩ tiu kʋm tɩtɩ nɛ sɩm sɩ je nɩ tɩn, nmʋ dɩ na ba jɩgɩ wʋ-dɩdʋa dɩ DƖ, DƖ bá yagɩ-m da.
22Kʋ maama nan brɩ Wɛ na kɩ nɔɔna lanyɩranɩ te, yɩ DƖ daarɩ DƖ vaŋɩ nɔɔna zwa te tɩn mʋ. Kʋ na yɩ balʋ na kɩ ba cɔgɩ tɩn, DƖ vaŋɩ ba zwa mʋ. Kʋ daarɩ, nmʋ nan na wʋ yagɩ Wɛ cwǝŋǝ kam tɔgɩm, DƖ wʋ́ ta kɩ nmʋ lanyɩranɩ. Nmʋ nan na yagɩ Wɛ cwǝŋǝ kam, DƖ laan wʋ́ go nmʋ dɩ DƖ yagɩ mʋ nɩ tiu naga te. 23Yisɩrayɛlɩ tiinǝ bam nan na kɩ ba wʋ-dɩdʋa ba sɛ Wɛ, baá joori ba na ba jǝgǝ kam. Wɛ wʋ́ wanɩ DƖ joori DƖ toŋi-ba da. 24Kʋntʋ tɩn, nmʋ wʋlʋ na yɩ dwi-gɛ tu tɩn nyɩ dɩ naga kalʋ Wɛ na goni Olivi tiu kʋlʋ na wʋ gaa wʋnɩ tɩn yɩra nɩ mʋ. DƖ ma pa nmʋ toŋi Olivi tiu kʋlʋ na wʋ gaarɩ wʋnɩ tɩn yɩra nɩ, yɩ kʋ daɩ nɩ nɔɔna na yǝni ba kɩ te tɩn. Kʋntʋ ŋwaanɩ kʋ bá ta cana dɩ Wɛ sɩ DƖ joori DƖ toŋi nɛ sɩlʋ DƖ ya na goni tɩn sɩ tɩtɩ kugu kʋm je nɩ.
Wɛ jɩgɩ nɔɔna maama ŋwaŋa sɩ DƖ vrɩ-ba
25A ko-biǝ-ba, amʋ lagɩ sɩ á lwarɩ Wɛ cɩga kalʋ dɛɛn na sǝgi tɩn mʋ. Abam na sɩɩnɩ á lwarɩ kʋntʋ, á daa bá ta bʋŋɩ nɩ á yɩ swan tiinǝ. Kʋ na yɩ te tɩn, lele kʋntʋ Yisɩrayɛlɩtiinǝ badaara wʋrʋ digili yɩ ba warɩ Wɛ cɩga kam kuri ba ni. Kʋ nan wʋ́ ta yɩ kʋntʋ, sɩ kʋ vu kʋ yi maŋa kam dwi-gɛtiinǝ balʋ na sɛ Wɛ tɩn kɔgɔ kʋm na wʋ́ puli kʋ ti tɩn. 26Kʋntʋ, Yisɩrayɛlɩ tiinǝ kɔgɔ kʋm maama laan wʋ́ na vrɩm, nɩ kʋ na pʋpʋnɩ Wɛ tɔnɔ kʋm wʋnɩ kʋ wɩ:
«Wʋlʋ na paɩ nɔɔna na vrɩm tɩn wʋ́ nuŋi Siyɔnnɩ o ba,
yɩ oó pa Zakɔbɩdwi tiinǝ bam lwarɩm dɩm ti.
27Amʋ Wɛ wʋ́ go ni dɩntʋ a pa-ba,
nɩ amʋ wʋ́ saarɩ ba lwarɩm dɩm a yagɩ.»
28Yisɩrayɛlɩ tiinǝ bam na vɩn Wɛ kwǝr-ywǝŋǝ kam tɩn, ba jigi Wɛ dʋna mʋ, yɩ kʋntʋ laan pa abam dwi-gɛ tiinǝ bam na vrɩm Wɛ tee nɩ. Kʋ daarɩ, kʋ na yɩ Wɛ na kuri nɔɔna sɩ ba taa yɩ DƖ nɔɔna te tɩn laŋa nɩ, DƖ soe Yisɩrayɛlɩ tiinǝ bam, DƖ dɛɛn na goni ni dɩ ba nabaara bam tɩn ŋwaanɩ. 29Wɛ nan ba kɩ a ya na maanɩ, dɩ DƖ na kuri nɔɔna yɩ DƖ kɩ-ba lanyɩranɩ te tɩn. 30Abam dwi-gɛ tiinǝ dɛɛn ya vɩn Wɛ mʋ, yɩ á laan ba á lwarɩ DƖ yibwǝn-durǝ kam, Yisɩrayɛlɩ tiinǝ bam na vɩn Wɛ tɩn ŋwaanɩ. 31Bantʋ dɩ laan tu ba vɩn Wɛ ni, yɩ abam na Wɛ yibwǝnǝ kam, sɩ kʋ wanɩ kʋ pa bantʋ dɩ laan ba ba lwarɩ DƖ yibwǝn-durǝ kam na yɩ te tɩn. 32Wɛ nan pɛ nɔɔna maama nyɩ nɩ ba wʋ pɩɩna digǝ nɩ mʋ te, ba na vɩn DƖ ni tɩn ŋwaanɩ, sɩ DƖ laan wanɩ DƖ duri ba maama yibwǝnǝ.
33Maanɩ-na á nii Wɛ zaanɩ dɩm na tiini dɩ dagɩ te.
Wɛ wʋbʋŋa dɩ DƖ yǝno kʋm dɩ ma tiini kʋ lirǝ.
Nɔɔn-nɔɔnʋ bá wanɩ o lwarɩ DƖ na lɩ wʋbʋŋa sɩ DƖ kɩ te tɩn,
naa o lwarɩ cwe sɩlʋ DƖ na tɔgɩ tɩn,
nɩ kʋ na pʋpʋnɩ Wɛ tɔnɔ kʋm wʋnɩ kʋ wɩ:
34«Nɔɔn-nɔɔnʋ bá wanɩ o lwarɩ Baŋa-Wɛ wʋbʋŋa,
naa o brɩ-DƖ DƖ na wʋ́ kɩ te tɩn.
35Nɔɔn-nɔɔnʋ bá wanɩ o kwe o woŋo
o jɩnɩ Wɛ.»
36Bɛŋwaanɩ wǝǝnu maama nuŋi Wɛ te mʋ,
yɩ dɩntʋ mʋ nii tɩ maama baŋa nɩ,
yɩ tɩ maama yɩ dɩntʋ nyɩm mʋ.
Wɛ maŋɩ dɩ zulǝ mʋ, sɩ kʋ taa ve maŋa kalʋ na ba ti tɩn. Amina.


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Pɔcɩwaanaa
Pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ 19 taa kɛ you sɔsɔʊ nakʊyʊ tuli Bɔɔcʊwaana ñɩma nɛ Ndebele cejewi ñɩma mba palɩna ɖooo Kalahari kañɩmbʊsaɣ ɛjaɖɛ taa yɔ hɛkʊ taa.
Pɩlaba mbʊ lɛ, laŋpɩyɛ sɔsɔyɛ naɖɩyɛ ñaɖaɣnlɩʊ alɩwaaatʊ ndʊ Poowɛɛrɩ hɔɔlʊʊ taa mba mba palɩna Transvaal taa pɔ;kɔɔ yɔ paɖʊ pɔ-nɔɔ lɛ. Kpaagbaa mbʊ lɛ, Bɔɔcʊwaana ñʊʊtʊ Khama III, Bathoen nɛ Sebele pama kobuka sɔsɔwa nɛ briitaaniiki ñɩma kpaɣ Pɔcɩwaanaa tɛtʊ nɛ pakandɩɩ ɖɩyɔɔ kpaɣ lakɩŋ fenaɣ 31 wiye pɩnaɣ 1885. Pɔcɩwaanaatɛtʊ ŋgʊ kʊhɔɔlʊʊ hayʊ kɩŋ ñɩŋgʊ pɩsɩna mbʊ payaɣ sɔnɔ se Pɔcɩwaanaa ɛjaɖɛ yaa kɛlɛʊ se Pɔɔcʊwaana yɔ. Piyele nɛ kɩ-tɛ hɔɔlʊʊ hadɛ ñɩŋgʊ lɛ kɩtamna Afrika nɛ kɩ-hadɛ kɩŋ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se l'Afrika Hadɛ kiŋ yɔ nɛ kɩwɛna peeɖe nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ nɛ hayɩ kɩŋ. Peeɖe ɛyaa yɔɔdɩɣ kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ payaɣ se setswana yɔ. Pɔcɩwaanaataa ɛyaa yɔɔdɩɣ Ɩŋglɩɩsɩ kʊnʊŋ nɛ cabɩ ñɔyɔɔdɩɣ cʊwaana. Ɛyaa mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ lɛ, 71 kɛ krɩstʊ ñɩma nɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ lɛ, 20 mbʊ yɔ ɛɛlakɩ cɔɔcɩ nakʊyʊ.
Mɩsɩkʊm fenaɣ 1964 kɛ Kiraandɩ-Pretaañɩ tɩsaa ndʊ Pɔcɩwaanaa komina kɔsɔɔla se kɩwɛɛ kɩtɩ-yɔɔ kpem yɔ. Pɩnaɣ kʊɖʊmaɣ wayɩ lɛ, powona kpelaɣ ŋga kaɖɩcaɣyɛ sɔsɔyɛ kɛ Afrika hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ taa; pɩñɔtɩna Gaborone tɛtʊ taa.
Pɩnaɣ 1965 taa kɛ pɔtɔ caca nɛ Pɔcɩwaanaa hiu kɩ-tɩ yɔɔ caɣʊ kɛ salaŋ fenaɣ 1966 nɛ weyi ɛɛkɩla lʊbʊ yɔ, pɔtɔ caca 1980 lɛ, samaɣ ñɔyɩ-ɩ nɛ palɩzɩ-ɩ se eɖɩ peeɖe samaɣ. Pɩnzɩ naanza wayɩ lɛ, paɖaɣnɩ tɔʊ caca nɛ palɩzɩ ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊdʊ kɩfalʊ nɛ ɛnʊʊ lɛ Quett Masire. Pɔtɔ cacana 1984, 1989, 1994 nɛ ɛnʊ pɛwɛ lɩzɩɣ yɔɔ nɛ pɩnaɣ 1998 lɛ, ɛmaɣmaɣ eyele kewiyaɣ nɛ ɛcaɣ se ɛhɛzɩ. Pɔtɔ caca 1999 lɛ, ñʊʊdʊ tɛɛ ñɩnʊ Ɖajaa Festus Mogae kpaɣ kewiitu nɛ patasɩ-ɩ lɩzɩɣ ɖɔɖɔ 2004. Ɛlɛ wayɩ lɛ kewiiu talɩna lotona-zeneraalɩ Seretse Ian Khama kɛ pɩnaɣ 2008. Wayɩ nɛ wayɩ ñɩnʊ ɛnɛ, ɛkɛ kacalaɣ peeɖe wiyao pɩyalʊ.


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TILLAA TƎMLƐ
Kʋtʋlʋtʋ
Tillɑɑ Tǝmlɛ tɑkǝlɑɣɑ wɛnnɑ ɩsɩɩ sɑlɑʋ wei ɩ kɑɣɑ Lɑɑpɑɑlǝnɑɑ nɑ Pɔɔlɩ-wɛ pɑ kʋŋmɑŋmɑɑsɩ hɛkʋ tɑɑ tɔ. Kɑ tɑɑ kɛ́ pɑ kɛɛsǝɣɩ-tʋɣʋ ɩsǝnɑ Yesu Kilisiti Ɩsɔ sɛɛlɑɑ cɑɑlɑ Yutɑ nyǝ́mɑ tɑɑ nɑ piitimnɑɑ tɑɑ tɔ.
Yutɑ nyʋɣʋ nyǝ́mɑ nɑ Lom nyǝ́mɑ pɑ tʋ kɑncɑɑlɑɣɑ Ɩsɔ sɛɛlɑɑ kɛ wɑhɑlɑ kɛ sɔsɔm. Pɔɔlɩ kɑ kɛ́ wɑhɑlɑ tʋlɑɑ mpɛ pɑ tɑɑ lɛlʋ wei Ɩsɔ lɑɣɑsɑ tɑmpɑnɑ lɑɣɑsʋɣʋ tɔ sɩ ɩ́ kpɑɑlɩ Lɑɑpɑɑlɩ Kʋpɑŋ kɛ piitimnɑɑ lɛlɑɑ. Tɑkǝlɑɣɑ ŋkɛ kɑ kɛɛsɑ-tʋ tɔtɔɣɔ Pɔɔlɩ cɔɔnɑʋ kɛ Lɑɑpɑɑlɩ Kʋpɑŋ kɛ tɛtʋ tɑɑ.
Ɩsǝnɑ pɑ fɑɣɑ Tillɑɑ Tǝmlɛ tɑkǝlɑɣɑ tɔ:
Feesuɣu Nɑŋŋtʋ tɑŋʋɣʋ, titite 1
Aseetɑ nyǝ́mɑ kɛ Yosɑlɛm tɑɑ, titite 2–7
Aseetɑ nyǝ́mɑ kɛ Yutɑ nɑ Sɑmɑlii tɑɑ, titite 8–12
Pɔɔlɩ tǝmlɛ, titite 13–28
1
Feesuɣu Nɑŋŋtʋ kɑ tii tillɑɑ sɔsɑɑ tɔɔ
1 Mɑ yʋlʋ Teufiili, mɑ tɑkǝlɑɣɑ kɑncɑɑlɑɣɑ nyǝŋkɑ tɑɑ mɑ kɛɛsɑ mpi mpi Yesu cɑɑlɑ lɑpʋ tɔ, nɑ nti nti ɩ sɛɣɛsɑ pǝ kpɑɣɑʋ kɑncɑɑlɑɣɑ, 2 nɑ pǝ́ sɩɩnɑ kʋyɑŋku ɩ kpɑ ɩsɔ tɔ. Nɑ pǝ́cɔ́ Yesu kpɑ ɩsɔ tɔ, ɩ kɑ heelinɑ Feesuɣu Nɑŋŋtʋ toŋ kɛ mpi ɩ cɑɑ sɩ yǝlɑɑ mpɑ ɩ lǝsɑɑ sɩ ɩ tillɑɑ tɔ pɑ́ lɑ tɔ. 3 Yesu sǝm wɑɑlɩ ɩ lɩɩkɑɣɑ ɩ tillɑɑ tɔɔ, nɑ ɩ́ hʋ́lǝ́ɣǝ́nɑ-wɛɣɛ yɑɑsinɑɑ pɑɣɑlɛ tɑɑ sɩ ɩ femɑ. Hɑlɩ kʋyɛɛŋ nɩɩlɛ tɑɑ tǝcu kɛ́ Yesu lɩɩkɑɣɑ ɩ tillɑɑ tɔɔ nɑ ɩ́ lɑkɩ-wɛɣɛ Ɩsɔ Kɑwulɑɣɑ wɑɑsʋ. 4 Ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ kʋyɑkʋ nɑkʋlɩ Yesu nɑ ɩ tillɑɑ pɑ cɑɣɑɑ nɑ pɑ́ tɔŋnɑ tɔɣɔʋ. Tǝnɑɣɑ ɩ heelɑ-wɛ sɩ: Ɩ́ tɑɑ hɑtǝlǝnɑ Yosɑlɛm. Amɑ ɩ́ keŋnɑ mpi Tɑcɑɑ kɑ tɔmɑ sɩ ɩ kɑ́ hɑ tɔ, kʋcɔɔʋ ŋku kʋ tɔm mɑɑ heelɑ-mɛ tɔ. 5 Mpi pǝ tɔɔ tɔ, lʋm mɑɣɑmɑɣɑ kɛ Yohɑɑnɩ nɑɑ sɔnɑ yǝlɑɑ kɛ Ɩsɔ lʋm. Amɑ ye mɛ ɩlɛ, pɩɩ lɑ wɛɛ nɑɑlɛ tɔ Feesuɣu Nɑŋŋtʋ mɑɣɑmɑɣɑ kɛ pɑɑ kɛlɩ nɑ pɑ́ sɔ-mɛ.
Yesu kpɑ ɩsɔ
6 Ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ Yesu nɑ mpɑ pɑɑ kotɑ mpʋ tɔ pɑ pɔɔsɑ-ɩ sɩ: Tɑcɑɑ, ye mpʋ pǝnɛɣɛlɛ n kɑ́ tɑɣɑnɩ Ɩsɛɣɛlɩ kɑwulɑɣɑ ŋkɛɣɛ kʋsʋɣʋ nɑ?
7 Tǝnɑɣɑ Yesu cɔ ɩ nɑ mpɑ pɑɑ kotɑ mpʋ tɔ sɩ: Pǝ tɑɣɑ sɩ mɩɩ nyǝnɑ kʋyɛɛŋ yɑɑ wɑɑtʋnɑɑ mpɑ Tɑcɑɑ mɑɣɑmɑɣɑ sɩɩnɑ ɩ toŋ tɔ se. 8 Amɑ kʋyɑŋku Ɩsɔ Feesuɣu Nɑŋŋtʋ kɑ tii mǝ tɔɔ tɔ, ɩ́ kɑ́ hiki tomɑ nɑ ɩ́ hʋ́lɩ́ pǝ tǝnɑ mpi ɩ́ nɑnɑ mǝ ɩsǝpee tɔ pǝ tɑmpɑnɑ kɛ Yosɑlɛm, nɑ Yutɑ, nɑ Sɑmɑlii pǝ tɛtʋnɑɑ tǝnɑ tɑɑ. Hɑlǝnɑ pǝ́ polo pǝ tɑlɑ ɑntulinyɑ tǝnɑsɩ tǝnɑ tǝpɑɩ.
9 Yesu tɛmɑ ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ yɔɣɔtʋɣʋ, ɩlɛnɑ pǝ́ kpɑɑsɩ-ɩ ɩsɔ nɑ pɑ́ nyǝnǝɣɩ-ɩ mpʋ. Hɑlǝnɑ pʋlʋpʋ ɩsɩɩ ŋmʋntʋɣʋ kɔɔ pǝ tɑkɩ ɩ tɔɔ, pɑ tɑ tɑsɑ-ɩ nɑʋ.
10 Yesu kpɑ ɩsɔ nɑ ɩ tillɑɑ wɛɛ nɑ pɑ́ tɔŋnɑ nyǝnʋɣʋ tǝpiŋŋ kɛ mpʋ, ɩlɛ pɑ tutɑ ɑpɑlɑɑ nɑɑlɛɣɛ pɑ cɔlɔɣɔlɛ nɑ pɑ́ suu wontu kʋhʋlʋmtʋ. 11 Nɑ ɑpɑlɑɑ mpɛ pɑ́ pɔɔsɩ tillɑɑ sɩ: Kɑlilee nyǝ́mɑ mɛ, pepe tɔɔ kɛ́ ɩ́ sǝŋɑɑ nɑ ɩ́ nyǝnǝɣɩ ɩsɔ kɛ́ mpʋ? Yesu wei pǝ lǝsɑ mǝ hɛkʋ nɑ pǝ́ kpɑɑsɩ-ɩ ɩsɔ kɛ́ ɩsǝntɔ tɔ, ɩ kɑ́ tɛ nɑ ɩ́ mǝlɩ ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ teitei ɩsɩɩ ɩ́ nɑ-ɩ nɑ ɩ́ kpɑɑkɩ ɩsǝntɔ tɔ.
Mɑtiyɑsɩ mǝlɑ Yutɑɑsɩ lonte
12 Ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ tillɑɑ kʋlɑ tɩɩŋ wei pɑ yɑɑ sɩ Olifinɑɑ tɔ ɩ pʋɣʋ ŋku kʋ kiŋ pɑɑ wɛɛ tɔ nɑ pɑ́ mǝlɩ Yosɑlɛm. Pʋɣʋ ŋkʋ nɑ Yosɑlɛm pǝ fɛɩ pooluŋ. Pǝ tɑ kǝlɩ kilomɛɛtǝlɩ kʋlʋm. 13 Pɑ tɑlɑɑ, ɩlɛnɑ pɑ́ kpɑ pɑ ɩsɔtɑɑ kutuluɣu ŋku kʋ tɑɑ pɑɑ sʋʋkɑɣɑ tɔ. Mpɑ pɑ sʋʋkɑɣɑ tǝnɑ tɔɣɔlɛ Piyɛɛ, nɑ Yohɑɑnɩ, nɑ Sɑɑkɩ, nɑ Antǝlɩɩ, nɑ Filipʋ, nɑ Tomɑɑ, nɑ Pɑɑtelemii, nɑ Mɑtiyee, nɑ Alǝfe pǝyɑlʋ Sɑɑkɩ, nɑ Simɔŋ wei ɩ kɛ́ mpɑ pɑ lʋkɑɣɑ sɩ pɑ mʋɣɩ pɑ tɛtʋ tɔ pɑ tɑɑ lɛlʋ tɔ, nɑ Sɑɑkɩ pǝyɑlʋ Yuti. 14 Pɑ tǝnɑ pɑ kotɑɣɑ tǝntǝmlɛ kɛ tɑm nɑ pɑ́ sǝlǝmǝɣɩ Ɩsɔ. Pɑ tɑɑ kɑ wɛ ɑlɑɑ nɑpǝlɩ, nɑ Yesu too, nɑ Yesu newɑɑ.
15 Kʋyɛɛŋ ɩnɩ ɩ tɑɑ, kʋyɑkʋ nɑkʋlɩ yǝlɑɑ kotɑɑ, hɑlɩ pɑ tɑlɑ ɩsɩɩ yʋlʋnyɔɔŋ nɩɩnʋwɑ nɑ hiu (120). Ɩlɛnɑ Piyɛɛ kʋlɩ nɑ ɩ́ sǝŋ ɩ tɑɑpɑlɑɑ mpɛ pɑ hɛkʋ nɑ ɩ́ tɔ sɩ: 16 Mɑ tɑɑpɑlɑɑ mɛ, tɔm nti Ɩsɔ Feesuɣu Nɑŋŋtʋ kɑ tʋ Tɑfiiti nɔɣɔ tɑɑ nɑ ɩ́ yɔtɔtɩ, nɑ tǝ́ wɛ Ɩsɔ Tɔm tɑkǝlɑɣɑ tɑɑ kɛ́ Yutɑɑsɩ wei ɩ tɛɛ Yesu kpɑlɑɑ kɛ nɔɣɔ tɔ ɩ tɔm tɔ, pǝ wɛɛ kɛ́ sɩ tɩɩ lɑ. 17 Yutɑɑsɩ ɩnɩ ɩ kɑ kɛ́ tɑ tɑɑ lɛlʋ, nɑ tɑ́ nɑ-ɩ tɩɩ kpɛntɑ tǝmlɛ tǝnɛ tǝ tɑɑ.
18 Apɑlʋ ɩnɩ, wɑɑtʋ wei ɩ tɛmɑ tɛtʋ yɑpʋ nɑ ɩ tulum liɣitee ɑnɩ tɔ, ɩ polɑɑ nɑ ɩ́ hoti tǝ tɑɑ kɛ́ ɩ nɔɣɔ tɔɔ, nɑ ɩ lotu tʋlɩ, nɑ ɩ tɑɑ lotu yɑ nɑ tǝ́ ŋmɑɑ. 19 Tɔm tǝnɛ tǝ yɛkɑ Yosɑlɛm nyǝ́mɑ tǝnɑ kiŋ, hɑlǝnɑ pɑ́ hɑ tɛtʋ ntǝɣɩ hǝtɛ nɑ pɑ tɛ tɑɑ sɩ: Akeletɑmɑ. Cɑlǝm tɛtʋ kɛ pɑ yɑɑ mpʋ nɑ pɑ tɛ tɑɑ. 20 Pɑ ŋmɑɑ Yontu tɑkǝlɑɣɑ tɑɑ sɩ:
Ɩ tǝyɑɣɑ ɩ́ tǝkɩ kɑɑʋ.
Nɔɣɔlʋ ɩ́ tɑɑ kʋsɩ-kɛ.
Nɑ lɛntɩ tɔtɔ sɩ:
Nɔɣɔlʋ ɩ́ lɛɛtɩ ɩ lonte.
21-22 Ye mpʋ pǝ wɛɛ sɩ mpɑ pɑ tǝŋɑɣɑ-tʋɣʋ wɑɑtʋ wei tɑ́ nɑ Tɑcɑɑ Yesu tǝ cɔɔkɑɣɑ tɛtʋnɑɑ tɔ, pɑ tɑɑ nɔɣɔlʋ ɩ́ sɔɔsɩ tɑ́ tɔɔ, nɑ tɑ́ nɑ-ɩ tǝ́ hʋ́lɩ́ Tɑcɑɑ Yesu sǝpʋ nɑ ɩ́ fe tɔ pǝ tɑmpɑnɑ. Pʋntʋ ɩnɩ ɩ kɑ́ wɛɛ wei kʋyɛɛŋ tǝnɑ ɩ kɑ wɛ tɑ́ wɑɑlɩ kɛ́ pǝ kpɑɣɑʋ Yohɑɑnɩ sɔʋ Yesu kɛ Ɩsɔ lʋm tɔ, hɑlǝnɑ kʋyɑŋku pǝ lǝsɑ-ɩ tɑ́ hɛkʋ nɑ pǝ́ kpɑɑsɩ-ɩ ɩsɔ tɔ.
23 Ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ pɑ lǝsɑ yǝlɑɑ nɑɑlɛ, Yosɛɛfʋ wei pɑ yɑɑ sɩ Pɑɑsɑpɑsɩ nɑ pɑ́ cuɣusi-ɩ sɩ Yutusi tɔ, nɑ Mɑtiyɑsɩ. 24 Ɩlɛnɑ pɑ́ sǝlǝmɩ sɩ: Tɑcɑɑ, nyɑ́ nyǝmnɑ yǝlɑɑ lotunɑɑ, hʋ́lɩ́-tʋɣʋ yǝlɑɑ pɑnɛ pɑ nɑɑlɛ pɑ tɑɑ wei n lǝsɑɑ sɩ ɩ́ lɑ tillu, 25 nɑ ɩ́ pɑɑsǝnɑ tǝmlɛ nte Yutɑɑsɩ yelɑɑ nɑ ɩ́ tɛɛ ɩ nyǝŋkʋ tɔ.
26 Tǝnɑɣɑ pɑ tɔ tɛtɛ nɑ pǝ́ kpɑ Mɑtiyɑsɩ, nɑ ɩ́ sɔɔsɩ tillɑɑ nɑɑnʋwɑ nɑ kʋlʋm ɩnɩ ɩ tɔɔ.


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Agɔnta yaa matematiki tɔm pazʋʋ yɔ
Akɔnta tɔm pazʋʋ kedeŋga yɔɔ yɔ, pɩtala pɩnzɩ ɛgbaŋ ɛgbaŋ. Kedeŋga ajɛya ndɩndɩ taa pɩpazaa, ɛzɩ Siini, Hɛkʋ-nɛ-hɛkʋ Amerika taa ajɛya taa yɔ. Pɩsɩɩna pɩnzɩmɩnaɣ 17 ñɩŋga (XVIIe siècle) lɛ Akɔnta yaa matematiki sɩmtʋ kaakɛ ɛzɩ aho tɔm nɛ paa ahoye wenɖi kedeŋga hɔɔlʋʋ weŋgu kɩ-taa ’lɛ, kɩ nɛ kɩ-tɔm. Pɩkpaɣʋna pɩnzɩmɩnaɣ 19 ñɩŋga (XIX siècle), nɛ pɩkɩlɩna pɩnzɩminaɣ 20 ñɩŋga (XX siècle) yɔɔ ñɩnɩyaa laba tʋma pʋ-yɔɔ pʋɖɔɔ nɛ weyi ɛsɩma wendu ’lɛ, ɛlɛ lakɩ se pɩyɛlɩ nɛ pɩtalɩ ɛyaa lalaa. Pʋmbʋ hana ɛyaa lɩmaɣza se matematiki wɛna kʋlɔmɩŋ ndɩndɩ’ɩ sakɩyɛ yɔ, pɩwɛɛ se pekpeɣli kɩ-tɔm hɔɔlɩŋ hɔɔlɩŋ nɛ patʋʋ hɔɔlɩŋ ɩnʋ’ʋ alɩwaatʋ nɛ pɩwɩlɩ se hɔɔlʋʋ kʋnɛ kɩ-tɔm ñɔ alɩwaatʋ tʋnɛ.


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Amerika nɛ hayi kiŋ kujomiŋ
Amerika nɛ hayʊ kiŋ kujomiŋ kpɛnda kujomiŋ sɔsɔŋ kagbanzɩ kpayɩ nɛ ɛwɛ Etaazuunii nɛ Kanadaa ajɛya anɛ a-hɛkʊ taa. Amerika nɛ hayʊ kiŋ kujomiŋ ɛnɛ, ɛnʊ kɛna keteŋa kpeekpe taa kujomiŋ weyi ɛkɩla liŋguu nɛ salanzɩ ɖɔɖɔ yɔ. Kujomiŋ ɛnɛ ɛ-ɖaɣlakɩŋ kakɩ yaa nabʊlɛ taa lɛ, pɩmaɣna kilomɛtanaa ɛzɩ 244 100 yɔ nɛ ɛ-taa lɩm wɛ ɛzɩ 23 000 km3 yɔ. Yee pakpaɣ pɔɔ ŋga payaɣ-kɛ Laurent Kiɖeɖeu yɔ ka-taa lɩm nɛ pɛkpɛndɩ Amerika nɛ hayʊ kiŋ kujomiŋ yɔɔ kɔyɔ, ɛ-taa lɩm talɩɣ ɛzɩ kedeŋa kpeekpe lɩm mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ lɛ hiu nɛ litoozo yɔ.
Amerika nɛ hayʊ kiŋ kujomiŋ ɛnʊ ɛ-taa lɛ nanza wɛ Kanadaa nɛ Amerika pɛhɛkʊ taa. Michigan kujomuu ɖeke koŋ wɛna Etazuunii tɛtʊ taa yeli. Jujomuu nakʊyʊ wɛɛ nɛ payaɣ-kʊ Claire kiɖeɖeu kujomuu nɛ pɛtɛkpɛndɩna-kʊ nɛ pakalɩ Amerika nɛ hayʊ kiŋ kujomiŋ taa. Kujomiŋ kʊnɛ kɩwɛ Huron nɛ Erié kujomiŋ hɛkʊ taa. Pɩtɛkɛ kiɖeke ɖɔɖɔ, kujomiŋ cikpeŋ wɛɛ nɛ ɛɖɛɛ ɛzɩ kutoku yɔ kɛ Amerika nɛ hayʊ kiŋ kujomiŋ ɛnʊ ɛ-taa.
Amerika nɛ hayʊ kiŋ kujomiŋ ɛnɛ, ɛtɩŋa ɛ-lɩm kpeŋ Laurent kiɖeɖeu pɔɔ taa nɛ ɛ-lɩm talɩɣ ɛzɩ 23 000 km3 yɔ nɛ mbʊ calɩɣna Etazuunii ajɛya 48 payɩ. Paa nɛ mbʊ yɔ, kedeŋa kpeekpe taa lɛ Amerika nɛ hayʊ kiŋ kujomiŋ ɛnɛ ɛ-taa lɩm fɛyɩ kele kele nɛ pɩtalɩ lɛɛbʊ. Lɩm mbʊ pʊwɛ kele kele yɔ pɩmakʊɣna ɛzɩ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ lɛ 4,2 ɖekɛ mbʊ yɔ. Amerika nɛ hayʊ kiŋ kujomiŋ ɛnɛ ɛ-walanzɩ taa wɛ ɛzɩ Kewiyaɣ Kɩkpɛndaɣ kpeekpe walanzɩ yɔ: 244 100 km2.


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Dalai Lama
Tiibeti ɛjaɖɛ taa samaɣ nakɛyɛ payaɣ se Dalai Lama ñɩma. Samaɣ ŋga ka-ñʋʋdʋ payaɣ se Dalai Lama. Ɛnʋ lɩzɩna Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ ŋgbɛyɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ payaɣ-ɖɩ se 'Puudizim'. Payaʋ kabɩyɛ taa se kɩlɩʋ lɩʋ yɔ, Dalai Lama liɖe taa ñɩma kɩlɩna pʋ-yɔɔ tisuu.
Dalai Lama lʋlʋkʋ taa ɛyaa panɛ, mba, pakɩlɩna wɛʋ feveɖe kɛ lʋlʋkʋ kɩlɩŋ lɩʋ yaa tomnasɩ tasʋʋ kpaɣʋ kɛ Tibet ɛjaɖɛ taa kɛ Puuda Ɛsɔ tɔm tisiuu nʋmɔʋ taa. Tibet ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ, ɖɩ-caanaʋ tɔm taa lɛ, ɖɩ-taa pana kɩlɩŋ lɩʋ kɛ hɔɔlɩŋ sakɩyɛ taa.
Ɛ-cɔlɔ ñɩma mba pɔcɔ-ɩ kpɛɛɛ nɛ pata yɔ, patɩlaa size pɩkɛna lalaa kʋn̄ɔmɩŋ naʋ yaa pʋdɔdɩyɛ nayaa kɩlɩŋ lɩʋ. Dalaï-lama liɖe taa ñɩma panɛ, pɛwɛna ɖoŋ sɔsɔŋ siŋŋ kalɩzasɩ tɩlɩʋ hɔɔlʋʋ taa.
Pɩnaɣ 1952 n̄ɩŋga taa lɛ, Dalaï-lama liɖe taa ñɩma taa hiu nɛ naanza (14) tʋ n̄ɩnʋ kpaɣ lɩmaɣza size ɛlɩzɩ ŋgbɛyɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ payaɣ-ɖɩ size samaɣ yɔɔ waɖɛ lɩmaɣza yɔɔ kandɛyʋ yaa samaɣ lɩmaɣza mʋnaʋ. Pɩ-taa peeɖe palɩza ŋgbɛyɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ payaɣ-ɖɩ size ŋgbɛyɛ cikpeɖe. Ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ, nɖɩ cɔŋnana takayɩsɩ maʋ tʋma kpeekpe yɔɔ.
Pɩnaɣ 1959 ñɩŋga taa Tiibeti ɛjaɖɛ taa evebiya nɛ pɛlaa sakɩyɛ paɣzɩ kʋyʋʋ pɛ-ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ pɛɖɛɣ ajɛya lɛɛna taa tʋma ndɩ ndɩ ñɩnʋʋ. Sɔnɔdaa Tiibeti ɛjaɖɛ taa evebiya nɛ pɛlaa mba palɩ Tiibeti ɛjaɖɛ taa yɔ, patalɩ ɛzɩ ɛyaa 100 000 mbʋ yɔ.
Toovenum lɛ, paaɖɔɔnɩ Dalai-Lama liɖe taa ñɩma nɛ powolo paɖʋ kʋyʋʋ Ɛɛndɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Pʋ-yɔɔ sɔnɔ Dalai-Lama liɖe taa ñɩma wɛnɩ pe-kewiyaɣ Ɛɛndɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa.


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Hatʊ ɖozi
Ɖozɩ ñɩɣʊʊ tɔɔnaɣ kɛ ɖozɩ hatʊ ñɩɣʊʊ kɩtɔɔʊ tɛ hɔɔlʊʊ. Kpayɩ tʊʊzʊtʊ taa lɛ, paɖanɩɣ-tʊ cɔlʊʊ nɛ fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa, tɔm kpoŋ sakɩyɛ taa nɛ pɩwalɩ pɩtalɩ kpɛŋgbɛsɩ kɩtɔɔsɩ, nɛ sakɩyɛ wɛɛ lɛ, pahayʊʊ-sɩ (Paarii kpɛŋgbɛka nɛ shii-také, nɛ ŋgbaɣ ndɛɛ) nɛ aɖɔnɖɔlɛɛ naayɛ pɔtɔkɩ-yɛ sakɩyɛ Wɩsɩ Ɖɩlɩyɛ ɖooo hayi kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Hɔɔlʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩpɩzɩɣ kɩkɛ liɖe (karɔtɩ), camɖɩyɛ (céleri), hayʊʊ (saladɩ ñɩɣʊʊ hayʊʊ), hɛɖʊʊ (artichaut), tɩŋ piye (kpɛnzʊʊ kizokuu), añɔm (kaabʊ), hɛyɛ (tɛtɛɛ hɛyɛ) yaa piye (samɩɖɛ).
Tɔm piye ndɩ ɖɩwɩlɩkɣ pɩlɩnɛ mbʊ ɖozi hayʊʊ ñɩɣʊʊ kɩhayʊʊ ŋgʊ kʊlʊlʊʊ hatʊ yɔ. Tɩzʊʊ nɔmɔʊ taa lɛ, ɖozi ñɩɣʊʊ tɔɔnaɣ ha ɛsɛ nɛ tɩŋ piye ɛlɛ, hɔɔlɩŋ nɩɩyɛ taa lɛ, patɩzɩɣ yaa pɔtɔkɩ ɛzɩ ɖozi ñɩɣʊʊ tɔɔnaɣ yaa tɩŋ piye. Kɩhaɣ ɛsɛ ɖɔɖɔ nɛ ɖozi taa yɛɖɛ yɛɖɛ ñɩɣtʊʊ ndʊ palakɩ nɛ ɖɔɖɔ tʊmɩyɛ ɖɩtɩzɩyɛ taa ɛlɛ pɛtɛ pawazaɣ tɛkɛ kʊyʊm, paa pɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɖozɩ hatʊ ñɩɣtʊʊ kɩtɔɔtʊ.
Tɩzʊʊ nɔmɔʊ taa nɛ tɔnasɩ kɩbanzɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ taa lɛ, ɖozi ñɩɣʊʊ tɔɔnaɣ hɩlaa walaa. Pɩkɛ tɔɔnasɩ nzɩ sɩ-taa fɛyɩ nandʊʊ yɔ nɛ pɩfɛyɩ leleŋ nɛ pɩtɩŋgʊʊ nandʊʊ yaa kpakpasɩ ñanaɣ tɔɔnaɣ alɩwaatʊ taa. Pɩkɛ ɖɔɖɔ hɔɔlɩŋ nɩɩyɛ taa tɩŋ pee kɛ tɩŋ kpɛlɛkʊʊ nɔmɔŋ taa pɩsɩnɛ kɩtɩŋgʊʊ tɛlɛm naa mba pa-taa wɛ ɖɔm yɔ. Payaɣ-wɛ se leleŋ-ɖɔm (leleŋ-ɖɔm ɖɩtɩzɩyɛ). Ɛlɛ tɔm piye ɖozi hayʊʊ ñɩɣʊʊ tɔɔnaɣ pɩzɩɣ ɖɩwɛna tɔbʊʊ nɩɣʊʊ tobi alɩwaatʊ ndʊ ɛ-tɛkɛ pɩyʊʊ ɛzɩ tɛtɛɛ hɛyɛ yaa mɔʊ, nandʊʊ nɛ kpakpasɩ yeke koŋ tɩŋgʊʊ nɛ ɖozi hatʊ ñɩɣʊʊ tɔɔnaɣ nɛ ŋnɛʊ tɛ wonduu.
Tɔm piye hatʊ ñɩɣtʊ tɔɔnaɣ wɛʊ mbʊ yɔ pasɩma-ɖɩ Fransɩɩ ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1531 pɩlɩnɛ canaʊ tɔm kɛdʊʊ Robert nɛ kɩlɩnɛ latɛŋ kʊnʊŋ taa legumen tɩŋ ŋgʊ kɩwɛna hatʊ nɩɣtʊʊ tɛ pee yɔ. Kɩ-ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ kɩkɛ halʊʊ. Kɩwɩlɩɣ kajalaɣ taa kɛ hatʊ ñɣtʊʊ pee nɛ mʊlʊm pee tɩŋ weyɩ ɖooo kiɖe tɛ lɛ, pɩkɛ tɩŋ kɩtɔɔŋ. Hatʊ ñɩɣtʊ wɛʊ mbʊ yɔ pɔtɔkɩ-tʊ lɛɛŋ yaa patɩzʊʊ. Kɩkɛ kɩtɩŋgʊʊ tɛlɛm taa nɛ papɩzɩɣ pakpɛndɩ patɩzɩnɛ nandʊʊ yaa patɩzɩɣ hɔlʊʊ hɔlʊʊ.
Ɖozi hatʊ ndɩ ndɩ ndʊ tɩwɛ ɖa-alɩwaatʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-taa yɔ, wɛ ɖeu kamaɣ fɛyɩ, paa sɩ-tɛ tɔɔʊ ɛwɛ keeke nasɩyɛ yɔ kɛnɛ yɔ, ɛzɩ tʊʊzʊʊ taa tɛtɛɛ hɛyɛ nɛ ŋbaŋtɩŋ nɛ awihɛyɛ nɛ tɩmatɩ nɛ suu nɛ kaabʊ. Nɛ yee ɖɩmaɣzɩna Eerɔpʋ kɔyɔ ɖɩnaɣ se paasɩma ɖozi hatʊ natʊyʊʊ nɛ pɔtɔkaɣ-tʊ ɖooo canaʊ kɩbɩnʊʊ alɩwaatʊ taa.


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Rʊtɛrfɔrdɩyɔm
Rʊtɛrfɔrdɩyɔm kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 104 nɛ yʊsaɣ ñɩŋa yɔ Rf. Pɩnaɣ 1964 pɩdaa pee yɔɔ ñɩnɩyaa nabɛyɛ sukuli kɩkpɛndʊʊ nakʊyʊ taa (JINR) Doubna tɛtʊ taa wɩlɩɣ palaba kajalaɣ pʊtʊ 104. Labɩnaʊ pʊ-nɔmɔʊ taa lɛ Soviyetiki ñɩma ñanaza plʊtɔnɩyɔm hɔɔlʊʊ nakʊyʊ pɩtɩŋna nazɩyʊ sɩɣlɩyaa yɔɔ, mba pɛwɛ ɖoŋ pɩtalɩ 113-115 Mev yɔ.
Pɩnaɣ 1969 lɛ, Berkeley sukuli ŋgʊ kɩwɛ Kaliforni kɩtɛzʊʊ yɔ kɩ-taa ñɩnɩyaa la pʊtʊ ɛnʊ ɛlɛ pɛkpɛndɩna kalɩfɔrnɩyɔm -249 nɛ karɩbɔnɩ -12. Ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩyɔɔdɩ se paapɩzɩ paɖanɩɣ paɣzʊʊ mbʊ Soviyetiki lɛɣtʊ tɩnaa kaalaba.
Pɩlɩna pʊtʊ ɛnʊ ɛ-hɩɖɛ haʊ yɔɔ pɩkɔna ndɔnjɔlɩyɛ sakɩyɛ. Soviyetiki ɛyaa papa se mba kaalɛna-ɩ naʊ kajalaɣ Doubna nɛ pɔpɔzɩ se paya-ɩ hɩɖɛ se dubnium (Db) yaa kurchatovium (palɩzɩ frasɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa kourchatovium yaa ɖeyi ɖeyi taa lɛ kourtchatovium, Ku), Igor Vassilievitch Kourtchatov hɩɖɛ ɖʊʊ yɔɔ, ɛlɛ kaakɛ Soviyetiki pɩdaa pee yɔɔ ñɩnɩyʊ sɔsɔ. Amerika ɛyaa papa se rʊtɛrfɔrdɩyɔm (Rf), pɩlɩna Ernest Rutherford hɩɖɛ ɖʊʊ yɔɔ.
UICPA kpaɣ mbʊ hɩɖɛ se unnilquadium (yʊsaɣ mayaɣ kɔyɔ Unq), pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩ pɩnaɣ 1997 nɛ lɩmaɣza lɛɛzɩ kpɛlɩ mbʊ nɛ paya-ɩ hɩɖɛ se rʊtɛrfɔrdɩyɔm nɛ pɩkɛ pʊtʊ 105 kɛlɛ pɛlɛzɩ-ɩ hɩɖɛ nɛ paya-ɩ se dʊbnɩyɔm