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Ayɩnstayɩnɩyɔm
Ayɩnstayɩnɩyɔm (yʊsaɣ mayaɣ kɔyɔ Es) kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 99, paya-ɩ mbʊ pɩtɩŋna Albert Einstein hɩɖɛ ɖʊʊ yɔɔ. Ɛkɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi kɛ 99 nɛ ɛ-tɛ akɩtɩnɩdɩ waa tɛ kiŋ, ɛtɔʊʊ cɛnzɩ nɛ palaba-ɩ kɩlabʊ. Yee ɛjaɖɛ soŋaɣ nɛ ɛsɔkaɣ ɛwɛ camɩyɛ kɔyɔ, e-tomaɣ kɛ ñɩɣlɩm pɩyʊ pʊhʊma kpʊzɩyɛɛ liidiye tɩyɛ, ɛwɛɛ ɛzɩ ɖɔmbɩyɛ yɔ nɛ ɛ-nɔsɩ wɛɛ tayɩ tayɩ.
Pana ayɩnstayɩnɩyɔm pɩnaɣ 1952 pɩtɩŋna Albert Ghiono ɛlɛ ɛwɛ ɛzɩ agbele 253 ñɩnʊ. Pɔyɔkʊʊ akɩtɩnɩdɩ waa mba patakɩlɩ yuŋ yɔ nɛ nazɩyʊ sɩɣlɩyʊ fɛyɩ. Pehiɣki-ɩ ŋñɩɩ lɛ pɔyɔɔkʊʊ plʊtɔnɩyɔm 239.
Ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ pʊtʊnaa kɩlaba lalaa yɔ, ayɩnstayɩnɩyɔm agbele naa tɔʊʊ cɛnzɩ sakɩyɛ nɛ pɔkɔŋna kʊɔmɩŋ sakɩyɛ ɛyʊ tɔnʊʊ taa yee pucoɖa nɛ pitii ɛ-taa kɔyɔ. Ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1952 pana ayɩnstayɩnɩyɔm ɛ nɛ fɛrmɩyɔm. Tʊma wena palaba pɩlɩna ayɩnstayɩnɩyɔm yɔɔ yeba nɛ pɛlɛzɩ nɛ posusi ɛ-tɔm lɛɣtʊ takayasɩ taa pɩnaɣ 1955. Ayɩnstayɩnɩyɔm yʊsaɣ mayaɣ taakɛ tam Es, ɛlɛ pɩɩkɛ E.
Palaba tʊmɩyɛ nɛ ayɩnstanɩyɔm singularity tʊmɩyɛ taa ɛlɛ yʊsaɣ mayaɣ kɩbɩnaɣ E kaawɛna. Paalɛ-ɩ naʊ pɩtɩŋna soviyetiki ɛyaa yɔɔ pɩnaɣ 1952 kɛ Katorga 12 lɩm hɛkʊʊ taa ɛjaɖɛ taa.


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Kowɛtɩ
Kowɛtɩ kɛna Azii ilemiye taa tɛtʊ natʊyʊ. Pamaza Kowɛtɩ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ ɛzɩ ɛkɩtaaɖɩnaa 20 000 yɔ pʊtɔbʊʊ se 200 km2. Payaɣ Kowɛtɩ ɛjaɖɛ tɛ komina yɔɔ cɔnayʊ se Al Asimah.
Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ ɖɔɖɔ se Kowɛtɩ nɛ ndʊ tɩkɩlɩna walanzɩ ɖɔɖɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa maɣmaɣ lɛ payaɣ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ yem se Al Diyera. Pɩnaɣ 2008 taa pakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-taa lɛ pana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 151 060 yɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa yee pakalɩɣ ɛyaa km2 taa kɔyɔ, panaɣ-wɛ ɛzɩ 755 yɔ.

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Kewiyaɣ Kɩkpɛndaɣ
Kewiyaɣ Kɩkpɛndaɣ wɛ Eerɔpʋ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ hɔɔlʊʊ taa nɛ nabɛyɛ tɔŋ se ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩwɛ Eerɔpʋ nɛ hayi kiŋ. Krandɩ-Piretañɩ, Irɩlandɩ nɛ tɛtʊ ñabɩ ñabɩ ndʊ lɩm cɔ-tʊ nɛ pɩta yɔ pɩkpɛndɩna nɛ pala ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ. Kewiyaɣ Kɩkpɛndaɣ nɛ Irilandɩ paka kamaɣ kʊɖʊmaɣ nɛ Atlantique teŋgu nɛ hayi kiŋ lɩŋgamʊʊ wɛna wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa. Hadɛ kiŋ lɛ Mansɩ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa lɛ, Irilandɩ teŋuu.
Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ taa makɩɣna 246 610 km2. Mbʊ labɩna nɛ pɔtɔŋ se nɖɩ lɛ ɛjaɖɛ 80 ñɩnɖɛ keteŋa kpeekpe taa walanzɩ taa nɛ pɩkɛ Eerɔpʋ taa kɔyɔ nɖɩ lɛ 11 ñɩnɖɛ. Kewiyaɣ Kɩkpɛndaɣ taa ɛyaa kpɛndɩ miliyɔɔnaa 65 nɛ nɖɩ lɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩkɛ 22 ñɩnɖɛ keteŋga kpeekpe ɛjaya taa ɛyaa ɖɔʊ taa.
Ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ yɔ Lɔndrɩ. Ɛsɩndaa wobu nɛ tɔsʊʊ hʊʊ taa lɛ, Kewiyaɣ Kɩkpɛndaɣ kɛlɛ kacalaɣ ɛjaɖɛ kɛ keteŋa kpeekpe taa.
Kewiyaɣ kɩkpɛndaɣ taa ajɛya kpɛnda naanza: Aŋgiletɛɛrɩ, Ekɔsɩ, Gaalɩ Ɛjaɖɛ nɛ Irilandɩ hayʊ kiŋ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩñɔ pɩnaɣ 1707 aliwaatʊ ndʊ Aŋgilitɛɛrɩ nɛ Ekɔsɩ pɛkpɛndaa yɔ.
Pɩkɔma pɩnaɣ 1801 Irilandɩ sɔzɩ ajɛya anɛ a-yɔɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩwɛ Eerɔpʋ ajɛya kɩkpɛndɩɣ ŋgbɛyɛ taa, Ajɛya wena ayɔɔɖɩɣ Englɩsɩɩ kʊnʊŋ yɔ a-ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se Commonwealth of Nations yɔ ɖɩ-taa ɖɔɖɔ, ɖɩwɛ Eerɔpʋ Lɔŋ-tasɩyaa ŋgbɛyɛ taa ɖɔɖɔ, G8 taa, G20 taa, OTAN ŋgbɛyɛ nɛ OCDE, OMC pa-taa nɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩwɛ ONU taa ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1946.


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Hɛlɩyɔm
Hɛlɩyɔm kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pɩyʊ weyi nɛ ɛ-tɛ kɔtɩɩ tɛ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 2, yʊsʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ He. Pɩkɛ fefeku kɩbaŋʊ nakʊyʊ (yaa kɛdɛɖaɣ fefeku), kiiciɣduu, ŋgʊ kɛnɛ kajalaɣ fefeku kɩbaŋʊ fefekiŋ kɩbaŋ liɖe taa kpɛlɩ pʊtʊnaa caɣyɛ kpata taa. E-ɖeɖe ɖɩwasɩyɛ kɩlɩna ŋñɩɩ kɛ pʊtʊnaa mba payɩ ɖɩsɩma yɔ.
Hɛlɩyɔm wɛna ɖiɣ ɖiɣ agbele naa naalɛ, 4He ŋgʊ kɩkɩlɩ tɔyʊʊ, 3He. Agbele naa mba pa-naalɛ, pɛwɛ ndɩ nɛ lalaa mba payi ɖɩsɩma kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ nɔmɔʊ taa yɔ, pa-maɣmaɣ pɛ-wɛtʊ taa wɛ ndɩ, mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ pɛ-tɛ hilimiye ñʊʊ mayaɣ paɣla piŋ. Hɔɔlɩŋ lɛɛŋ lɛ, ɛzɩma pɔɖɔɔ piŋ, pɛwɛɛ ɖoŋ ɖenɖe ɖoŋ wɛ ŋñɩɩ yɔ, yele nɛ pʊyʊsɩ-wɛ kpem. Tɔm cɔdʊʊ ŋgʊ kʊ-tɔm ɖɩyɔɔdʊʊ yɔ lakɩ tʊmɩyɛ koŋ kɛ hɛlɩyɔm 4 (4 He) yɔ kɛnɛ.
Tɔmpiye hɛlɩyɔm paamaɖɩ nɛ ɖooo krɛsɩ kɩbɩnʊʊ kʊnʊŋ taa Helios (Ἥλιoς / Hếlios, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se wɩsɩ), pʊtʊ ɛnʊ paalɛyɩ-ɩ naʊ kajalaɣ naʊ wɩsɩ mɔntʊsʊʊ taa kɩyɛɛna fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 18 pɩnaɣ 1868, alɩwaatʊ ndʊ aliki Ɛsɔ liba mbilim wɩsɩ yɔ, pɩlɩna tɩɩnzɩ kpɛlɛkɩɣ tʊmɩyɛ laɖʊ Jules Janssen yɔɔ.
Hɛlɩyɔm tʊmɩyɛ ɖɔ yem kakama, ŋgʊ tʊma sɔsɔna tʊma pasaa pɩlɩna cɛyɩtʊ ndɩ ndɩ cɔlɔ, kɩtatasɩ tɔyʊʊ nɛ kɩ-tɔm caɣ kaɖɛ. Kɔyɔ mbʊ ɖɩnaɣ pɩnaɣ 2016, walaa cɔnaʊ tɛ lɛ, tɔsʊʊ nɔmɔʊ taa hɛlɩyɔm tadɩyɛ pɩsa ɖɩwɛ ɖiɣ ɖiɣ nɛ pɩtaa pɩtaa cɩnɛ yɔ lɛ, ɛzɩ pɩɩwɛʊ kɩdɛɖaɣ yɔ lɛ, piyele pʊtɔyɩ yem sɩmm. Pʊtʊnaa mba pɛtɛ ɖɔʊ ɛjaɖɛ kpeekpe taa lɛ, hɩdrɔzɛnɩ wayi lɛ, hɛlɩyɔm tɩŋɩɣna.


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Li Bai
Palʊla Li Bai kɛ pɩnaɣ 701 kɛ Suyii tɛtʊ taa, Sinii kewiyaɣ taa nɛ ɛsɩ pɩnaɣ 762 kɛ Taŋtʊ tɛtʊ taa. Ɛ-hiɖɛ kɩsɛsɛyɛ kɛna keesi maɖa sɔsa taa nɔɔyʊ kɛ Sinii ɛjaɖɛ taa. Nɔɔyʊ ɛɛsɩŋ camɩyɛ Li Bai tɛ evebutu yaa ɛ-kʊyɩmɩŋ ɛlɛ ndʊ pasɩma yɔ tʊtʊ lɛ se ɛlɩna hɔʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa yɔ kɩ-taa nɛ sɔɔja sɔsɔ nɔɔyʊ nɛ ɛwɛ Han liɖe taa. Ɛ-maɣmaɣ nɛ ɛ-caa powoba Sijuaŋ tɛtʊ taa lɛ ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 5.
E-sukuli labʊ taa lɛ, lɩmaɣza wena payaɣ-yɛ se kɔnfiziyʊsɩ nɛ maɣzɩm kɩdɩsɩm kpɛnaʊ pazɩna palɛɣzɩ-ɩ. Ɛpaɣzɩ e-keesɩ mabʊ ɛlɛ ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 14 ɖeke. Ɛkɔma nɛ ɛkatɩna weyi paya-ɩ se Zhao Rui yɔ kɛ Emeyi pʊʊ yɔ lɛ pɩtɛsa-ɩ malɩnaʊ nɛ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ se tawoyisti yɔ. Ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 25 lɛ ɛɖʊ ɛ-taa se ɛpaɣzɩʊ cɔʊ ajɛyɛ taa nɛ ewolo tɛtʊ ndʊ payaɣ-tʊ se Yaŋzou yɔ tɩ-taa nɛ peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ kɛ ɛpazaa ɛwɛɛkɩ ɛ-ñɩm sakɩyɛ. Pinaɣ 726 taa kɛ ɛkpaɣ ministri nɔɔyʊ pɛlɔ kɛ Anlʊ, Hubeyi tɛtʊ taa.


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Suluku kpɛyaɣ
Suluku kpɛyaɣ kɛna nʋmɔʋ sɔsɔʋ ŋgʋ kɩwɛ tʋɖʋɖʋ yɔ. Kɩ-kɛna habɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-tʋʋza siŋŋ yɔ. Lɔɔɖaa wena a-ɖɔŋ habɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩyɔ yɔ, ɖɩɖaɣla pɩtatɩɩ fɛyɩ naʋ. Pɩtɛ lɔɔɖaa ana payayɛ size suluku. Suluku kpɛyaɣ kɛ habɩyɛ sɔsɔyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩfɛyɩna kʋlʋmɩŋ yɔ. Pɩtɛ habɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖi-tkoti kpoyi.
Suluku ŋgʋ kɩ-taa peeɖe kɛ pɛkɛyʋ nʋmɔ woɖaa nɛ powondunaa ndɩ ndɩ sakɩyɛ. Suluku kpɛyaɣ wɛna tigiɖe tʋma kpam fefere n̄ɩna. Suluku kʋnɛ kɩwɛna kulukulu pɔbɔla kɩ-tɛɛ nɛ pɔbɔla ana, awɛ n̄ɩyasɩ tɩyɛ. Suluku kpɛyaɣ yɔ sayʋ saɣna lɔɔɖa ana. Suluku kpɛyaɣ fɛyɩ paa hɛkʋ ŋgʋ kɩ-taa ɛzɩ haba cikpena lɛɛna yɔ.
Tɔm piye suluku kpɛyaɣ «chemin de fer» tɔbʋʋ ɖɔɖɔ kɛlɛ size kpɛm tʋma kɩlaba nɛ panama Fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa size "sociétés exploitantes". Ɛlɛ ɖoŋ ɖoŋ lɛ, sakɩyɛ yaa suluku kpɛyaɣ ŋga size ŋgbɛ nɛ fransɩɩ kʋnʋŋ taa lɛ, payaɣ size "compagnies". Mba palakɩ tʋmɩyɛ kɛ suluku kpɛyaɣ yɔɔ yɔ payaɣ size suluku kpɛyaɣ yɔɔ tʋmɩyɛ laɖʋ nɛ tobi fr ansɩ kʋnʋŋ taa size « cheminots ».


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Tɩnozɔɔrɩ
Tinozɔɔrɩnaa wɛ ɖomaa yaa tɛtɛ wendu ndʊ tiduu ti-lotu yɔɔ yɔ tɩ-pɩlɩʊ taa. Tinozɔɔrɩnaa yɔɔ wɛ pɔɔya ɛzɩ kpakpasɩ, kɩlakɩŋ yaa kamasɩ yɔ. Ɖooo caanaʊ taa wondu kpɛlɛkɩyaa yɔɔdʊʊ se Tinozɔɔrɩnaa wɛʊ yɔ, palɩna sʊmasɩ pɩlɩʊ taa. Pʊtɔbʊʊ se paakɛ sʊmasɩ nɛ pʊcɔ papɩsɩ Tinozɔɔrɩnaa. Mbʊ pɩwɩlɩʊ siŋŋŋ yɔ lɛ se Tinozɔɔrɩnaa nabayɛ yɔɔ nɛ kalɩhʊndʊ yaa sɩmasɩ hʊndʊ.
Pɩnzɩ mɩnɩʊ nzɩ sɩtɛma ɖɛʊ yɔ sɩ-taa nɛ pɩnzɩ sɩnɛ sɩ-taa ɖɔɖɔ pana Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa kɛ Tinozɔɔrɩnaa nabayɩ nɛ mbʊ tasɩɣna wɩlɩʊ camɩyɛ se sumasɩ nzɩ ɖɩnaɣ yɔ, sɩ-cɔzɔnaa kɔyɔ Tinozɔɔrɩnaa. Ɖooo ɛzɩ Tinozɔɔrɩnaa lɩʊ pɩnaɣ XIX taa nɛ XXI taa ɖɔɖɔ mbʊ yɔ, ñɩnɩyaa taatɩɩpɩzɩta pɛkɛdɩ camɩyɛ Tinozɔɔrɩnaa hʊndʊ sɛmɩŋ yaa wɛtʊ.
Tinozɔɔrɩnaa tɛ ɖaɣlakɩŋ taa wɛ ɛzɩ mɛtanaa 8 nɛ 10 yɔ pɛ-hɛkʊ taa piyele nɛ pɛtɛ hɩlɩmʊʊ taa yaa pɛtɛ yʊŋ taa talʊʊ ɛzɩ 600 nɛ 900 kg yɔ pɛhɛkʊ taa. Sɔnɔ taa mbʊ yɔ, Tinozɔɔrɩnaa kɛŋna tɛtɛ kpɩnaa wena akɩlɩ hʊŋ nɛ ɖaɣlakɩŋ yɔ kɛ keteŋga kpeekpe taa.
Tinozɔɔrɩ ŋgʊ pana kʊ-mɔɔ awɛ atɩŋga nɛ pamaazɩ-yɛ yɔ, pana se kɩ-ɖaalakɩŋ kpaʊ yɔɔ tala ɛzɩ mɛtanaa hiu nɛ naalɛ yɔ piyele kɩ-ɖaalakɩŋ lɔɔ taa lɛ, pɩɖɛ ɛzɩ mɛtanaa naalɛ nɛ hɔɔlʊʊ yɔ. Tinozɔɔrɩ ŋgʊ kɩ-tɛ hʊŋ hɩlɩmaɣ taa lɛ pɩxɛ ɛzɩ tɔɔnɩnaa 30 nɛ 60 pɛ-hɛkʊ taa. Pʊtɔzʊ ɖɔɖɔ tu weyi ɛwɛ Afrika tuuye naɖɩyɛ taa yɔ ɛ-tɔm. Tu ɛnʊ ñaakɛŋna keteŋna kpeekpe yɔɔ kpɩnɛ nɖɩ ɖɩkɩla yʊŋ yɔ nɛ ɖɩ-yʊn taa wɛ tɔɔnɩnaa lʊbɛ nɛ hɔɔlʊʊ. Tinozɔɔrɩ ŋgʊ kɩkɩla ɖaalakɩŋ yɔ patʊʊ-kʊ hɩɖɛ se Diplodocus nɛ kɩ-ɖaalakɩŋ taa wɛ mɛtanaa 27; paana-kʊ pɩnaɣ 1907 taa.


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Fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ
Fransɩɩ kɛ Ɛndɩ-Ɛropa kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ kɩlɩnɛ Romanɩɩ cejewaa taa yɔ. Fransɩɩ ñɔɔ Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa kɛ doo caanaɔ luwarɩ yɔɔdasɩɩ ndi-ndi taa, kɩ-kɛ nɛ hayʊ kɩŋ kʊnʊŋ, nɛ mbʊ nɛ sɔnɔ yɔ ɛyaa miiliyɔɔ waa mɩnɩŋ naalɛ hɩŋ lʊbɛ nɛ nanaaza kedeŋa yɔ cɩna yɔɔdʊʊ kɛ, nɛ ɛyaa miiliyɔɔ naa mɩnɩʊ nɛ hɩʊ nɛ naalɛ yɔɔdʊʊ kɛ paaɖoye nɛ mba palʊlɩ-wɛ nɛ panɩʊ nɛ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ kɛ yɔ papa kɛ miiliyɔɔ naa hɩŋ lʊbɛ nɛ nzina miiliyɔɔ waa hɩŋ lʊbɛ. Pɩnaɣ 2014 ɖɩnaɣ se kedeŋa kpeekpe taa lɛ sukulɩ pɩya cɩkpema nɛ sɔsɔsɩ mba pɛkpɛlɛkʊ anɩsaayɩɩ taa yɔ pɛkɛ miiliyɔɔ waa hɩŋ lʊbɛ nɛ lʊbɛ.
Fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖoŋ waɖɛ kɛ Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa, ɖoo pɩnaɣ 1992 kɛ kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ kɩ-kɛ Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ kpeekpe kʊnʊŋ, ɖɩnaɣ-tʊ Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɔkʊʊ paɣtʊ takayaɣ hɔɔlaɣ naalɛ ŋga taa. Kɩ-kɛ ɖama lɩmaazaɣ lɛɣzɩʊ pʊyʊ pɩɩŋ nɛ ɖɔɖɔ Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ ɛzakʊliye nʊmɔʊ taa kedeŋga taa. Fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ pɔzɩ ñɩnʋʊ sakɩyɛ kɩ-hɔɔlʊʊ taa mbʊ kihiɣ kɩ-tɩ nɛ kɩwɛɛ camɩyɛ yɔ nɛ hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ 3 wiye pɩnaɣ 1996 taa paɣtʋ. Tɩ-yɔɔ pɩtɩŋɩɣna nɛ Fransɩɩ kʋnʋŋ ɖɛɛna ɛsɩndaa.
Kedeŋa kpeekpe kʊnɩmɩŋ sɔsɔŋ loɖo taa lɛ Fransɩɩ wɛ, ajɛyɛɛ kigbɛndʊʊ nɔɣ kʊɖʊmaɣ taa lɛ kɩ-nɛ Englɩsɩɩ tɔm palakɩna tʊmɩyɛ, kɩ-kɛ ɖɔɖɔ kʊnʊŋ sɔsɔʊ kɛ tʊma ndɩ-ndɩ taa paa ɛjaɖɛ ndɩ ɖɩ-taa paa ekeetiye ndɩ ɖɩtaa, kɩwɛ ɖɔɖɔ Eerɔpʋ ajɛyaa kigbɛndʊʊ nɔɣ kʊɖʊmaɣ taa. Ɖoo pʊwayi caanaʊ Fransɩɩ kewiyaɣ alɩwaatʊ taa tɔm hʊʊ pɩlɩŋ nɛ awiya piya kʊnʊŋ, Wp/kbp/Ruusii (Russie)|Ruusii]] tɛtɛ ñʊŋtɩnaa sɔsaa, Ɛspaañɩɩ nɛ Ɛŋglɛtɛɖɩɩ awiyaa nɛ Caama pɛtɛ awiyaa piyaa, kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ kɩyeba se Ɛŋglɛtɛɖɩɩ, Caama nɛ Ɛspaañɩɩ pɛwɛna ɖama nɛ tabalɩyɛ sɔsɔyɛ pɩŋ.
Fransɩɩ wɛtʊ, kʊ-hʊʊ taa nɛ kɩ-paɣtʊ takayasɩɩ kɛ lɔŋzɩndaa nabɛyɛ tʊmɩyɛ, ɛzɩ lɔŋzɩndaa sɔsaa yaa tɩ-yɔɔ wɛʊ sʊkʊlɩ naa, yaa Académie Française, paya-kʊ se akademii kʊnʊŋ. Paa ɛzɩmtaa kɔyɔ kɩ-yɔɔdʊʊ wɛna waɖɛ nɛ ɛyaa sakɩyɛ sɔɔlɩ- kʊ yɔɔdʊʊ lɛlɛɛyɔ nɛ kɩ-kɛ Rabelais nɛ Molière pɛtɛ kʊnʊŋ sɔsɔʊ, ɖoŋlɛɖɛ lɛ Molière kʊnʊŋ maɣmaɣ kɛlɛ.


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Ɛvatʋ
Lʋbɩyɛ kɛ pʋyʋ siŋŋ kabɩyɛ tʋ ɛsɩndaa. Pɩɣa wɛɣna pɩnzɩ hiu nɛ lutozo lɛ pɔtɔɔzʋʋ-kɛ. Pɔtɔɔzʋʋ-kɛ nɛ kalʋ pɩnzɩ naatozo mpilim. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se kaɖɩkɩɣ, kɛlɛlɩ nɛ kakayɩ.
Hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ taa palakɩ ɛvalaa kabɩyɛ tɛtʋ taa. Lʋbɩyɛ paɣzʋʋ hodo nɛ ɖɩtɛ mazaɣ. Pʋcɔ nɛ pɔtɔɔzɩ evebu lɛ, patɩɩhayɩsɩɣ-ɩ e-evebitu taa. Alɩwaatʋ ńdʋ tɩ-taa lɛ, payaɣ-ɩ se ɛhɔzɩyɛ. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se ɛkpɛlɩɣ lʋɖɛ ɛ-pɩcatʋ taa nɛ pʋcɔ paatɔɔzɩ-ɩ. Sʋsaa tuu eduye se paakpaɣ haɣ sɔnɔ nɛ powona-kɛ lakʋ. Cɛja lakɩna lɩmaɣzɛ nɛ ewolo ɛna pɩɣa egbele se e-koohu talaa se palabɩ-ɩ sɔnzɩ. Egbele tizi nɛ ewolo ɛhɛdɩ e-kooyu. Nabʋyʋ taa kɔyɔ, cɛja nɛ pɩɣa egbele panɩɣna ɖama se pala pɩɣa sɔnzɩ lɛ, peyebina ɛgʋlaa tɔm. Paba kaɣna ɛhɔzɩyɛ nɖɩ kpaʋ nɛ pataa-ɩ haɣ num nɛ pɩwɩlɩ se pɔtɔɔza-ɩ.
Ɖooo lɛ, kabɩyɛ taa pɔtɔtɔɔzɩ evebu yɔ, ɛɛtɔkɩ haɣ nandʊ. Halaa ɛɛtɔkɩ ɖɔɖɔ ka-nandʋ. Pɔtɔzʋʋ ɛvalʋ lɛ, ɛcaa kalɩmaɣ nɛ ewona ɛha e-egbelenaa sɩʋ se kʋkʋ ɩkandɩyɩ ɛ-yɔɔ ɛ-lʋɖɛ tɩnɛ taa. Paatɔɔzʋʋ ɛyʋ nɛ e-neu weyi ɛ nɛ ɩ paka caa nɛ ɖoo yɔ pɩnaɣ kʋɖʋmaɣ. Sʋsɔ ɖiɣ waaɣ nɛ pʋcɔ pɔtɔɔzɩ e-neu.
Pɔtɔɔzʋʋ ɛvalʋ nɛ hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ talɩ lɛ, ɛkpa hawiye. Hawiye yɔɔ peeye ɛcalɩɣ ɖɩkʋʋ haɣ nandʋ. Ɛvalʋ kpaɣ hawiye lɛ, ɛ-caa yakɩ-ɩ haɣ. E-egbele ɛpɩzɩɣ yɔ, ɛ́lɛ yakɩ-ɩ haɣ ɖɔɖɔ. Ɛgʋlaa kpaɣna haɣ ŋga payakɩ evalʋ yɔ. Paacɛkɩ haɣ liu tɛɛ kɩcɛbʋ, pamɩlɩtɩɣ ko-pondone kɩmɩlɩtʋ nɛ kɔkɔɔ kasɩ. Paacaɣ se ka-calɩm ɛwɛɛkɩ pikpe tataa. Ɛgʋlaa ɖoŋuuna haɣ ŋga ka-nandʋ nɛ paɖʋ-tʋ sɔkʋʋ taa nɛ pɛcɛlɩ evalʋ.
Ɛbɛ yɔɔ pʋwɛɛ se ɛvalʋ ɛtɔɔ haɣ nandʋ?[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Haɣ kɛ ɖɩɣa kpɩnɛ nɖɩ ɖɩwɛ ɖoŋ siŋŋ yɔ. Ŋga ɖaŋɩɣna ɖɩɣa yɔɔ. Ye mbʋ ka-nandʋ yeki nɛ ɛvalʋ kpa ɖoŋ siŋŋ nɛ ɛpɩzɩ ɛkandɩyɩ ɛ-ɖɩɣa yɔɔ ɖeu. Dooo lɛ, halʋ ɛɛtɔkɩ haɣ nandʋ. Sʋsaa nabɛyɛ tɔŋ se peyeba nɛ halʋ tɔɔ haɣ nandʋ kɔyɔ, abalʋ ɛɛpɩzɩɣ ɛ-tɔm. Ɛlɛ, sɔnɔ halaa nabɛyɛ tɔkɩ haɣ nandʋ. Piya nzɩ patatɩɩtɔɔzɩda-sɩ yɔ, sɩsɩ n̄ɔtɔkɩ ɖɔɖɔ.
Akuluu Kɩpaɣlaa nɛ palɩɩ pana anɖulun̄a?[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Pʋcɔ nɛ lʋbɩyɛ paɣzɩ lɛ, ɛvalaa sandɩɣ, pɔhɔzʋʋ po-tokonaa, papa ɛvalaa hulasɩ, hulasɩ nzɩ payaɣ se n̄ɔsɩ. Paɖʋ-wɛ pɔʋlaa, pataa haɣ num nɛ pɔɖɔkɩ sɛyɩŋ nɛ papaɣ nɛ pawɩlɩɣ ɖama po-toma. Ɛvalʋ taɣ haɣ num se ɛ-yɔɔ ɛwɛɛ sotu nɛ ɛ-taabalʋ ɖɔkɩɣ-ɩ lɛ putuu. Ɖooo lɛ, ɛvalʋ ɛɛtaɣ haɣ num.
Lʋɖɛ paɣzɩɣ mazaɣ nakɛyɛ nɛ ɖɩsɩɩ tɩnaa mazaɣ lɛɛka. Paa kantɔɔ ŋgʋ kɩ-taa lʋɖɛ paɣzɩɣna hawe cikpena taa. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se karɩtiyewaa lʋkɩ nɛ pɛtɛ lɛ, pɛkpɛndɩ nɛ pakatɩ karɩtiyewaa lɛlaa viilajɩ taa. Viilajɩnaa awiya cɔŋnanɩ lʋɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖ-yɔɔ. Pʋbʋ wayɩ lɛ, viilajlɩ n̄alʋbɩna ɖama nɛ pɛtɛ lɛ, pɛkpɛndɩ nɛ pakatɩ ɛjaɖɛ n̄ʋʋdʋ ɛsɩndaa nɛ palʋ. Paa kantɔŋ ŋgʋ lɛ, ki-wiyaʋ cɔŋnanɩ lʋɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-yɔɔ ɛjaɖɛ n̄ʋʋdʋ ɛsɩndaa.
Ɖooo lɛ, pan̄ɩnɩɣ se patɩlɩ waɖaa nɛ you nakʋyʋ ɛlɩwa lɛ, pataa-wɛ liu. Lɛɛlɛyɔ, waɖaa mba pa-taa ɖɔɖɔ pamʋʋ sɔɔjanaa sakɩyɛ. Lʋɖɛ tɛŋ mazaɣ wiye nɛ tɛʋ feŋ kujuka lɛ, ɛvalaa tɩŋa wolo pɛsɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ n̄ʋʋdʋ ɛ́lɛ ɖɩɣa taa.


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Seelandɩ Kɩfalʊʊ
Seelandɩ Kɩfalʊʊ kɛna Oseyaanii taa ɛjaɖɛ nɛ ɖɩwɛ Pasifiki Lɩŋamʋʋ nɛ kɩ-wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ nɛ hadɛ kiŋ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩkɛ tɛʈʊ ñabɩ ndʊ lɩm cɔ-tʊ nɛ pɩta yɔ nɛ ɖiposina Ositiraalii nɛ kilomɛtanaa ɛzɩ kutokiŋ naalɛ yɔ. Tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ natulɛ kpɛndɩna nɛ pɩla Seelandɩ Kɩfalʊʊ mbʊ yɔ. Tɛtʊ ñbɩ cikpetu natʊyʊ wɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ: Sitewarɩti nɛ Saatam.
Seelandɩ-Kɩfalʊʊ kʊnɛ kɩ-tɛ caanaʊ tɔm wɛ tobi yem mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, ɛyaa pazɩʊ caɣʊ peeɖe yɔ pɩtɩkɩlɩ leeɖɩɣ.
Sɩŋŋŋ taa lɛ Maworiti mba woba peeɖe kpaɣ pɩnzɩ 1050 nɛ 1300 taa nɛ pʊcɔ Erɔpɩ mba ñatalɩ peeɖe kɛ pɩnaɣ 1642. Ɛlɛ Pɩritaaniki mba kpacayɩʊna-ɖɩ kaɣlaa kpaɣ lɛlaɣ fenaɣ looɖo wiye pɩnaɣ 1840. Pɩtɛ efemiye wiye ɖɔɖɔ Seelandɩ Kɩfalʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩtɔkɩ kɩ-ɛjaɖɛ kasandʊ sɔsɔtʊ.
Ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩmʊ ɖɩ-tɩ yɔɔ caaɣʊ kɛ salaŋ fenaɣ 26 pɩnaɣ 1907 ɛlɛ pɩnaɣ 1947 taa kɛ Seelandɩ Kɩfalʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩpaɣzɩʊ kɩ-tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊ yeli. Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlɩɣ yɔɔdɩɣ yɔ, ŋgʊ lɛ Eŋgilisi, ŋgʊ pawɩlɩɣ sukulinaa taa nɛ komina tʊma taa. Pɔyɔɔdɩɣ ɖɔɖɔ tɩgbayɩŋ kunʊŋ nɛ maworii kʋnʋŋ ɖɔɖɔ.


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Nizɛɛrɩ Pɔɔ
Nizɛɛrɩ Pɔɔ kɛ Afrika wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa pɔɔ. Yee pɛkɛdɩɣ kɩ-ɖaɣlakɩŋ nɛ pɔsɩ lɛɛsɩ kɔyɔ, kɩkɛ naatozo ŋga. Ŋga tɩŋgʊna Niili Pɔɔ nɛ Koŋgo Pɔɔ wayɩ ɖaɣlakɩŋ taa. Nizɛɛrɩɩ Pɔɔ ŋga kapaazɩɣna Siyeeraa Leyɔɔnɩ. Peeɖe kʊyɩ cɛlɛɛmɛɛɛ nɛ pɩtalɩɣ ɛzɩ mɛtanaa 800 yɔ nɛ ɖenɖe payaɣ se Loma pʋŋ yɔ, peeɖe kapaazɩɣna. Katɩŋŋʊna Sahara nɛ pɔkɔɔ katalɩ Atɩlantiki teŋgu taa, Naajeeriya hɔɔlʊʋ taa. Nizɛɛrɩ Pɔɔ ŋga, katɩŋgʊ ajɛya looɖo nɛ kayaɣ-kɛ nɛ ajɛya naalɛ hɩlɑ.
Ɖenɖe tɔmpiye Nizɛɛrɩ lɩnaa yɔ[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Ɖenɖe kɛwɛɛ yɔ[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Tɔm ndʊ pɔyɔɔdɩ kɔ-yɔɔ[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Kɩ-lɩŋgamɩŋ[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Lemesi nzɩ kɩcɔlʊʊ yɔ[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ ndʊ kɩ-lɩm falʊʊ tɩ-taa yɔ[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Ɖenɖe kɩ-lɩm lɩɣna yɔ[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Ɖenɖe kɩ-lɩm falʊʊ teŋgu taa yɔ[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Kewiyaɣ cɔŋna kɩ-yɔɔ cɔnaʊ mbʊ yɔ[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Kondolokonaa[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
- Wiyaʋ Fahd tɛ kɔndɔlɩkʋ, Pamakoo tɛtʋ, Maalii ɛjaɖɛ taa.
- Martyrs tɛ kɔndɔlɩkʋ, Pamakoo tɛtʋ, Maalii ɛjaɖɛ taa.
- Taabalɩtʋ sino-malienne tɛ kɔndɔlɩkʋ, Pamakoo tɛtʋ, Maalii ɛjaɖɛ taa.
- Barrage à Markala tɛtʋ, Maalii ɛjaɖɛ taa.
- Wabaria tɛ kɔndɔlɩkʋ, Gao tɛtʋ, Maalii ɛjaɖɛ taa.
- Kennedy tɛ kɔndɔlɩkɛ, Niamey tɛtʋ, Nizɛɛrɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa.
- Taabalɩtʋ sino-nigerienne, Niamey tɛtʋ, Nizɛɛrɩ ɛjadɛ taa. Pamaɣ-kʋ 2012.
- Gaya Malanville tɛ kɔndɔlɩkʋ, Nizɛɛrɩ nɛ Peenɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ hɛkʋ taa.
- Barrage Kainji, Naajeeriya ejaɖɛ taa.
- Onitsha tɛ kɔndɔlɩkʋ, Naajeeriya ɛjaɖɛ taa.


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Rɛɛ pɔɔ
Rɛɛ pɔɔ kɛ Eerɔpʊ Hɛkʊ taa nɛ Wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa pɔɔ sɔsɔ. Rɛɛ pɔɔ ŋga kaɖalakɩŋ maɣna kilomɛtaa waa 1233. Pɔɔ ŋga kɛkɛna siyepɔɖɛ Erɔpʊ Rhénane taa, hɔɔlʊʊ ɖoŋ ñɩŋgʊ Erɔpʊ taa nɛ kɩ-kɛ loone ɖoŋ ñɩŋɖɛ lɛɛɖɛ kedeŋga kpeekpe taa.
Rɛɛ tɛ fɛʊʊ kitibuu valanzɩ maɣna kilomɛta 198000 kpɛɛɣ ko, nɛ kɩ-kɛ Suwiisi hɔɔlʊʊ sɔsɔʊ nɛ Otirisi hɔɔlʊʊ nakʊyʊ nɛ Liechtenstein maɣma mbilim nɛ Caama hɔɔlɩŋ sɔsɔŋ nɩyɛ nɛ Peyibaa nɛ Fransɩɩ hɔɔlʊʊ nɛ Pɛlɩzɩkɩ nɛ Lugizamburi hɔɔlʊʊ sɔsɔʊ nakʊyʊ nɛ Italii hɔɔlʊʊ cɩkpeluu nakʊyʊ. Pɩkɛ pɔɔ sɔsɔɔ ŋga kɛgbɛndʊʊ teŋgʊ hayi ŋgʊ taa yɔ nɛ kɛ-kɛ ɖɔɖɔ lɩm pɔɔ ŋga kɔyɔ pakɩlɩ saʊ mɛlɛ naa yɔ kedeŋga kpeekpe yɔ.
Kahaɣ ka-hɩɖɛ Rhénanie, pɩkɛ Caama ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ natʊyʊ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa kɩŋ, pɩkɛ Lander naalɛ Cama. Rhénanie Hayi Westphalie (Nordrhein-Westfalen) nɛ Rhénanie Palatina (Rheinland- P%.falz) ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ hɔɔlɩŋ naalɛ Hayi Rɛɛ nɛ Haɖɛ Rɛɛ.
Rɩn fɛʊʊ kɛ kamaɣ (kpaɣ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa nɛ wacɩ taa ɛjɔŋ tɛ) Meuse fɛʊʊ nɛ Ems nɛ Weser nɛ Elbe patɩŋnɛ payɩ pɛkpɛndʊ Hayi teŋgʊ taa yaa Basalitiki teŋgʊ taa nɛ Taniibɩ (teŋgʊ kɩkpɛdʊʊ) nɛ po nɛ Rhone (Mediteranee teŋgu) taa. Rɛɛ lɩm pɔɔ kpeŋ hɔɔlʊʊ kʊyʊmʊ taa hayi yɔ hayi yɔ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa nɛ ɛjaɖɛ ageeta taa wena afɛyi ɛzɩ Alɩpɩwaa nɛ Suwiisi pʊcɔ alɩpɩ suwiisi pʊɣʊ yɔ nɛ Rhénan lɔʊʊ nɛ Rɛɛ cɩkpeluu kɛtɛŋga.
Kɛ-tɛ fɛɛʊ wala kɩtalɩ Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa (hɔɔlʊʊ nakʊyʊ ɛzɩ Alsace-Champagne-Ardenne-Lorraine) pɩñɔtɩna Lukizambuuri tɩŋga nɛ Pɛlɛzɩkɩ nɛ Italii hɔɔlɩŋ cɩkpeŋ yɔ. Pɔɔ ŋga kɛtɛzʊʊ ajɛyɛ anɛ Suwiisi nɛ Otirisi nɛ Caama nɛ Peeyiba. Kapɩsɩ kamaɣ nɛ Suwiisi nɛ Liechtenstein nɛ Otirisi nɛ Caama. Kɛ-kɛ ɖɔɖɔ kamaɣ nɛ Caama nɛ Fransɩ.


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Marcel Proust
Ɖajaa Marcel Proust hɩɖɛ maɣmaɣ kɛlɛ se: Valentin Louis Georges Eugène Marcel. Palʋla-ɩ hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ taa kɩyakʋ hiu (10) wiye pɩnaɣ 1871 taa Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ Paarii taa. Nɛ ɛsɩ peeɖe aloma fenaɣ kɩyakʋ hiu nɛ lutozo (18) wiye pɩnaɣ 1922 taa.
Marcel Proust ñɩma kɛlɛ mba pe-nisi tɛɛ wɛɛ ñɩm camɩyɛ yɔ. Ɛ-caa kɛ Paarii sukuli sɔsɔʋ taa wɩlɩyʋ nɛ ɛwɩlɩɣ ɖakʋta sukuli. Marcel Proust kɛna ɛyʋ weyi ɛtɛ alafɩya wɛ tɔtɔsɩɩɩ yɔ; mbʋ pʋ-yɔɔ yɔ ɖooo ɛ-pɩcatʋ taa ɛkawɛna kamaɣ kʋtɔŋ. Ɛ-pɩcatʋ taa ɛcakaɣ luɖaa nɛ takayasɩ mayaa cɔlɔ kpeɖem, mbʋ yebina nɛ ɛkatɩ nesi tɛɛ tʋmalaɖaa sakɩyɛ nɛ pɩsɩna-ɩ nɛ ɛpɩsɩ tanaʋ tʋ. E-tomnaɣ taa fɛyɩ leleŋ mbʋ yɔ lɛ, ɛtapɩzɩ nɛ ehiu tʋmɩyɛ ɖoŋ nɖɛ naɖɩyɛ. Pɩnaɣ 1900 taa lɛ, eyele takayasɩ maʋ tɔm nɛ ɛpaɣzɩ yɛlɩʋ ajɛya taa se ɛla anjaʋnaa lɩzʋʋ tʋmɩyɛ. Ɛɛwɛɛ nɛ ɛsɔɔlʋ se ɛtɩŋ John Ruskin naŋgbanzɩ taa. Ewoba Feeniizi nɛ Padoue tɛtʋ taa. Ɛma takayasɩ cabɩ John Ruskin yɔɔ nɛ ɛlɩzɩ nasɩyɛ tɔbɩŋ.


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Kʊdɔŋ kɩɖɛzʊʊ (Maladie infectueuse)
Kʊdɔŋ kɩɖɛzʊʊ kɛ kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ pʊtʊ ŋñɩɩ tomnaɣ tʊ nɔyʊ kɔŋna yɔ. Kʊdɔŋ sɔtʊ tʊ yaa ŋñɩɩ cɩkaɣ tʊ yaa sɔyɩyʊ yaa kpɛŋgbɛka yaa kajalaɣ kpɩnɛ. Pʊtʊna mba pɛɖɛzɩɣ-kʊ yɔɔ pɛ-tɛ kpɛlɛkʊʊ lɩna ɖɔkɔtɔ naa cɔlɔ nɛ wezuu kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɩna cɔlɔ nɛ kʊdɔmɩŋ kɩlɩlɩŋ kpɛlɛkʊʊ cɔlɔ.
Kedeŋga taa lɛ kʊdɔmɩŋ kɩɖɛɖɛŋ paɣlɩɣ mba pɛwɛna tomnasɩ nɛ pe-fezuu yɔ pɛ-tɛ. Ɛzɩ kpɩna nɛ tɩŋ nɛ pɩ-ñɩtʊ nɛ tomnasɩ cikpesi tɩna. Kʊdɔŋ sɔtʊ wɛ ɖɔɖɔ kʊdɔmɩŋ sɔtʊ taa. Kʊdɔmɔŋ ɛ-nʊ ɛ-tɛ ɖɛtʊ wɛ ndɩ ndɩ pɩlɩna pʊtʊ weyi kɩwɛ ɛ-yɔɔ yɔ ɛyʊ yaa kpɩnɛ yaa mbʊ payi pʊcɔ ɛyʊ nɛ pɩ-taa yɔ.
Kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ kɩ-tɛ ɖɛʊ wɛ ɖoŋ siŋ yaa pʊtɔma pɩmana. Ɛzɩ tetanusi, pɩkɛ kʊdɔŋ kɩɖɛzʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩlɩna Clostridium tetani cɔlɔ yɔ, ŋñɩɩ cɩkɑɣ ŋga kɛwɛ tɛtɛ yɔ. Ɖɛtʊ natʊyʊ fɛyɩ tɩtɩŋna ɛyʊ yɔɔ. Kɩ-tɛ tɩŋgɩɣna ŋñɩɩ cɩkaɣ nakɛyɛ yɔɔ nɛ kasʊʊ ɛyʊ tomnaɣ taapɩtɩŋna heŋ weyi ɛ-taa wɛ azuuna yɔ. Kɔyɛ naɖɩyɛ wɛ nɛ pɔsɔkɩ-ɖɩ ɛyaa se kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa wɛ nɛ pɩkɛ kɩjɛyɩɣ se pɔsɔkɩ-ɖɩ paa ŋga ɛzɩ katalɩ sukuli wobu yɔ kɛ Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa.
Ɖɩkpaɣ ɛzɩ wɩsɩ kʊdɔŋ mbʊ yɔ kɩtɩŋgɩna sɔyɩyʊ nɔyʊ yɔ, kɩnamɩyɛ tɛ kɔɔnaɣ ɖalʊ falciparum (ɖalaa lalaa wɛ ɖɔɖɔ), kɩtɩŋna pɔɖʊʊ yɔ nɛ kɩɖɛʊ ɛyaa, pɔɖʊ halɩ ŋgʊ. Ɛyʊ yɔɔ sɔyɩyʊ ɛ-nʊ ɛwɛ ɛlɛ ɛyʊ lɛlʊ nɔyʊ ɛɛpɩzɩɣ ɛɖɛzɩɣ lɛlʊ. Nɛ ɖɩyɔɔdʊʊ alɩwaatʊ tɩ-nɛ yɔɔ yɔ kɔyɛ kɩsɔbɩyɛ naɖɩyɛ pɩlɩna kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ kɩ-yɔɔ. Kpeziwɩlaɣ kʊdɔŋ ɖɛʊ ɛyaa pɩtɩŋna helim taa. Ɛyʊ yɔɔ kɩwɛ nɛ kɩɖɛʊ ɛyaa siŋ.
Ɛzɩma ɖɩlakɩ nɛ kʊdɔŋ kɩɖɛzɩɣ ŋgʊ kɩtakpaɖʊ, mbʊ ɖɩwɩlɩɣ yɔ. Ɖe-feziŋ nɔnɔsɩ, ɖɩkpezɩɣ lɛ,pɩpɔzɩɣ se ɖɩkpezi pɩsacɩmɖɛ taa yaa ɖe-nesɩ taa nɛ ɖɩsaŋ kpagbaa nɛ ɖɩ-taɖɛzɩɣ nɔɔyʊ. Tɔɔnasɩ ɖeɖe pɩwɛ se ɖɩsaŋ ɖe-nesi camɩyɛ pɩcɔ ɖɩtɔkɩ ɖɔ-tɔɔnasɩ nɛ ɖɩsuluu lɩm naa yɔɔ camɩyɛ nɛ ɖɩtɩzɩɣ tɔɔnasɩ sɩ-bɩɣʊ camɩyɛ pɩcɔ ɖɩtɔkɩ. Ɖɩñalɩɣ ɖa-kɩcɩkpɩŋ taa ɖɔkɔtɔ naa cɔlɔ nɛ ɖɩsɔʊ lɩm ɖoŋ ɖoŋ. Lɩm mbʊ pɩta fɛyɩ asuma yɔ. Kʊzʊʊ nɔmɔʊ taa lɛ, ɖɩla tʊmɩyɛ nɛ kʊzʊʊ huyu.


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Tanimarikɩ
Tanimarikɩ kɛna Erɔpʊ nɛ hayʊ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ. Ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ, nɖɩ kɩlɩna wɛʊ ñɩɩɩ kɛ hayʊ kiŋ peeɖe ajɛya wena payaɣ-yɛ se Sikandinaavi yɔ a-kpeekpe a- taa. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩwɛ Erɔpʊ ajɛya kpeekpe kɩ-kpɛndʊʊ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ se UE yɔ ɖɩ-taa ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1973. Peeɖe tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ payaɣ se Kopɛnɩhaagɩ.
Tanimarɩkɩ ɛjaɖɛ tɩyɩ ɖɩ-tɩ tɔm naputozo: kacalaɣ lɛ Tanimarikɩ maɣmaɣ ŋgʊ kɩwɛ Erɔpʊ ajɛya kpeekpe kɩ-kpɛndʊʊ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ se UE yɔ ɖɩ-taa, pʊwayɩ lɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ lɩm cɔ-tʊ nɛ pɩta nɛ payaɣ-tʊ se Ferowee yɔ nɛ kpaagbaa hɔɔlʊʊ; kɔyɔ Krowelandɩ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ landammm taa maɣna kilomɛtanaa 2 210 573.
Salaŋ fenaɣ pɩnaɣ taa pagalɩ kɩgalʊʊ lɛ pana ɛyaa 5 724 456. Palitiki teŋu nɛ teŋu ŋgʊ kɩwɛna hayʊ kiŋ yɔ ɩ-lɩm wadʊ Tanɩmarikɩ ɛjaɖɛ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩwɛna Caama ɛjaɖɛ nɛ ɖɩ-hayʊ kiŋ nɛ ɖɩwɛɛna Nɔɔrɩvɛɛzɩ nɛ hadɛ kiŋ piyele ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ se Suyɛɛdi yɔ, Tanɩmarɩkɩ ɛjaɖɩnɛ wɛna wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ nɛ hadɛkiŋ.
Ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1972 kɛ Abiɖe nɖi payaɣ-ɖɩ se Margrethe Naalɛ-tʊ yɔ ɛɛwɛʊ kewiyaɣ kpelaɣ yɔɔ yɔ; pɩnzɩ 2001 nɛ 2009 taa lɛ, pɩtalɩna Wiyao Anders Fogh Rasmussen se ɛkpaɣ kpelaɣ.


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FALƖSƖ ÑA-TƖ NƐ ŊSUSI TƆM CAMƖYƐ | HIƔ TAA LELEŊ TƆM SUSUU TAA NƐ PƖKƖLƖ
Yele nɛ Yehowa sɩnɩ-ŋ pɩtɩŋnɩ adɩma yɔɔ
Yehowa yekina nɛ toovenim tɔm ñɔʋ nɛ tɩpaɣlɩɣ ɛyʋ laŋɩyɛ taa. (1Kɔ 3:6-9) Pʋyɔɔ lɛ, pɩsa nɛ ɖɔ-tɔm susuu lʋlɩ pee kɩbana lɛ, pɩwɛɛ se ɖɩtaa Yehowa liu nɛ ɖɩpɔzɩ-ɩ se ɛsɩnɩ ɖa nɛ ɖe-Bibl kpɛlɩkɩyaa.
Pɔzɩ Yehowa se ɛsɩnɩ ñe-Bibl kpɛlɩkɩyaa nɛ pɔɖɔkɩ pa-tɩ nɛ palʋbɩnɩ kala wena pakatɩɣ yɔ. (Fil 1:9, 10) Yɔɔdɩ mbʋ ɖeyi ɖeyi pɩkɛ ña-kɩcɛyɩm yɔ ña-adɩma taa. Pɔzɩ Yehowa se ɛha-ŋ e-fezuu kiɖeɖeu nɛ kiɖiyi ña-lɩmaɣza nɛ ña-lakasɩ. (Lk 11:13) Wɩlɩ ñe-Bibl kpɛlɩkɩyaa ɛzɩma patɩmɩ yɔ, nɛ ŋseɣti-wɛ se pala mbʋ. Ña nɛ wɛ ɩtɩmɩ. Tɩmɩɣ pɔ-yɔɔ ɖɔɖɔ. Ŋŋlakɩ mbʋ lɛ, yaa kpɛlɩkɩyʋ ɛnʋ ɛ-hɩɖɛ.
CƆNƖ VIDEO TISI NƐ YEHOWA SƖNƖ-Ŋ NƐ ŊHIƔ TAA LELEŊ KPƐLƖKƖYAA LABƲ TƲMƖYƐ TAA—ADƖMA, NƐ PƲWAYƖ LƐ ŊCOSI TƆM TƲNƐ TƖ-YƆƆ:
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Kaɖɛ nɖɩ Neeta kataa alɩwaatʋ ndʋ ɛkpɛlɩkaɣnɩ Rose yɔ?
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Ɛzɩma 1 Kɔrɛntɩ mba 3:6 sɩnɩ Neeta?
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Ɛbɛ sɩnɩ Neeta nɛ ɛwa kaɖɛ nɖɩ?


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Samaɣ kpɛlɛkʋʋ lɛɣtʋ piliŋa
Samaɣ kpɛlɛkʋʋ lɛɣtʋ piliŋa kɛ samaɣ tɩlʋʋ lɛɣtʋ piliŋa nakɛyɛ. Samaɣ kpɛlɛkʋʋ lɛɣtʋ piliŋa ñɩnɩɣna nɛ katɩlɩɣ ɛyʋ wɛtʋ samaɣ taa. Samaɣ tɩlʋʋ lɛɣtʋ piliŋa ŋ́ga kañɩnɩɣna nɛ katɩlʋʋ ɛyʋ wɛtʋ tɔbʋʋ samaɣ taa. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se ŋ́ga ñɩnɩɣna nɛ kana mbʋ pʋ-yɔɔ ɛyʋ lakɩ lakasɩ nasɩyɛ nɛ sɩtɔcɔlɩ yaa sɩcɔlaa yɔ.
Ɖɩkpaɣ ɛzɩ anasaayɩ sukuli labʋ nʋmɔʋ nɛ ɖɩna. Ɖooo lɛ, caja nɔɔyʋ ɛlʋlɩ piya nɛ sɩ-taa nakɛyɛ sɔɔlɩ yaa kaɖʋ se kalakɩ anasaayɩ sukuli yɔ, ka-caa yaa ka-ñɩma lalaa cɔŋna-kɛ se kapɩsɩ tɩkpayʋ pɩtɛ. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se pakpakɩɣ-kɛ se kaawazɩ pʋyʋ, se keleba.
Ɛbɛ yeba nɛ ɖa-caanaa wɛŋa pɩ-tɛ lɩmaɣza ana ? Samaɣ kpɛlɛkʋʋ nɛ ka-tɩlʋʋ lɛɣtʋ piliŋa ñɩnɩɣna nɛ kana mbʋ pʋyɔɔ ɖa-caanaa kɛwɛna pɩ-tɛ lɩmaɣza ana yɔ. Kañɩnɩɣ nɛ katɩlɩ mbʋ pʋyɔɔ ɖa-caanaa kɛwɛna pɩ-tɛ lɩmaɣza lɛ, ka-tʋmɩyɛ kɛlɛ se kalʋ nɛ kañɩnɩ lɛɣtʋ yaa lɔŋ weyi ɛ-yɔɔ patɩŋna nɛ samaɣ nɩɩ pɩ-taa ɖeu se anasaayɩ sukuli labʋ wɛ wazaɣ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ yɔ.
Anasaayɩ sukuli labʋ kʋɖʋmʋʋ ŋ́gʋ kʋ-nʋmɔʋ taa ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, ɛyaa sakɩyɛ tetisiɣ se pɛ-pɛlaa ɛla sukuli. Pɔtɔŋ se halɩpɩɣa tʋmɩyɛ kɛlɛ mɩzaɣ nɔɔ tʋmɩyɛ. Samaɣ kpɛlɛkʋʋ nɛ ka-tɩlʋʋ lɛɣtʋ piliŋa ñɩnɩɣna nɛ katɩlɩ mbʋ pʋyɔɔ ɛyaa sakɩyɛ tɔsɔɔlɩ se sɩ-halɩpiya ɛla anasaayɩ sukuli yɔ. Samaɣ kpɛlɛkʋʋ nɛ katɩlʋʋ lɛɣtʋ pilŋa ŋ́ga kɔcɔŋnana nɛ katɩlɩ nʋmɔŋ weyi pakpaɣna nɛ ɛyaa tɩŋa nɩɩ pɩ-taa se halɩpiya sukuli labʋ wɛ wazaɣ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ yɔ.


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Atɛnɩ
Kɛŋna Krɛsɩ tɛtʊ taa tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩkɩla paɣlʊʊ yɔ nɛ ndʊ ɖɔdɔ lɛ peeɖe tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ. Pɩnaɣ 2011 taa pakalɩ ɛyaa kɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa lɛ, pɛkpɛnda 664 046. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛtɩ walanzɩ taa maɣna kilomɛtanaa agbaba 39. Tooɖe ɛjaɖɛ taa lɛ, Atɛnɩ taa kɛ lɔŋ nɛ ɛsakuliye lɛɣ wɛʊ. Peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ kɛ ñɩnɩyaa sʊsaa nɛ ñʊʊtaa lɔŋ tɩnaa kaawɛ.
Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa kɛ Gɩrɛsɩ komina kpelaɣ wɛɛ. Tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ tʊnɛ tɩwɛ keteŋa kpeekpe kacalaɣ tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ taa. Kpeɣ menkpɛɣ yaa mʊya naayɛ yɔɔdʊʊ se sɔdʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ-kʊ se Thésèe yɔ ɛnʊ ɛñɔzɩna-tʊ pɩnzɩ -800 taa pʊcɔ nɛ palʊlʊʊ Yeesu. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-taa kɛ sɔɔjana mba paakɩlɩ ɖɩŋ Krɛsɩ taa yɔ paawɛɛ.
Atɛnɩ taa kɛ ɖiu ɖiu caɣ nɛ lɛɛzʊʊ kɩfam mbʊ payaɣ se temokraasii yɔ pɩɩwɛ siŋŋŋ nɛ ñʊʊtaa lɔŋ nɛ lɛɛtʊ tɩnaa paawɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ. Ɛyaa mba pa-taa kɔyɔ: Socrate, Platon, Aristote. Mba pɛkɛ amʊza nɛ tanaʊ ɖɔɖɔ yɔ pɛwɛ peeɖe nɛ pa-taa kɔyɔ: Eschyle, Sophocle, Euripide, Aristophane nɛ caanaʊ tɔm ñɩnɩyʊ sʊsɔ weyi payaɣ-ɩ se Thucydide.


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Lʊtɛsɩyɔm
Lʊtɛsɩyɔm kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-tɛ yʊsaɣ mayaɣ kɔyɔ Lu nɛ ɛ-ñʊʊ ñɩŋa yɔ 71. Ɛnʊ kɛna kpaagbaa tʊ kɛ lantanɩdɩ waa pɩlʊʊ taa nɛ ɛwɛ ɖɔɖɔ kɛtɛɖaɣ tɛtʊ naa taa. Lʊtɛsɩyɔm kɛ ñɩɣlɩm pʊtʊ weyi ɛwɛ kpʊzɩyɛɛ liidiye tɩyɛ yɔ, ɛwɛɛ ɖɔfɩɩ nɛ manɩɩ. Palakɩ-ɩ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ kɛlɛ pʊdɔɖɔɔ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ ɛtɔtɔyɩ nɛ ɛcaɣ liidiye piŋ. Pʊcɔ pehiɣ-ɩ lɛ pɩpɔzɩɣ se pacatɩ-ɩ nɛ palɩzɩ-ɩ nɛ kɛtɛɖaɣ tɛtʊ naa lalaa mba ɛ nɛ-wɛ pɛwɛ paa ɖooye yɔ.
Lʊtɛsɩyɔm hɩɖɛ lɩna Lʊtɛsɩ tɩlɩyɛ cɔlɔ (latɛŋ kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ Lutetia), ɛyʊ weyi ɛna-ɩ yɔ hana-ɩ hɩɖɛ nɖɩ Paarii hɩɖɛ ɖʊʊ yɔ. Pɩnaɣ 1949 lɛ, IUPAC lɛɛzɩ pʊtʊ ɛ-hɩɖɛ matʊ, pɩpɩsɩ lutetium. Anasaayɩ taa lɛ matʊ lɛɛtʊ ndʊ tɩwɛ ɛzɩ lʊtɛtɩyɔm yɔ petisi tɩ-yɔɔ, paa lʊtɛsɩyɔm ɛkɩlɩ tɔyʊʊ ɛyaa nɔsɩ taa kɔyɔ. Paa pɩlɩna ndɔnjɔlɩyɛ nɖɩ palaba pɩtɩŋna ɛnaʊ yɔɔ yɔ, pʊtʊ ɛnʊ ɖooo pitihiɣ payaɣ-ɩ se cassiopeium (yʊsaɣ mayaɣ kɔyɔ CP) Caama ajɛyɛ naayɛ kʊnʊmɩŋ taa. Pɩ-tɛ laɣsɩ nzɩ ɖeɖe nɛ sɔnɔ sɩkpadayaa.
Kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkɩyaa naatozo kpɛndɩna naʊ ndɩ ndɩ lʊtɛsɩyɔm pɩnaɣ 1907. Ɛkɛ lantanɩdɩ waa taa ɛɖɩɩyɛ ɛsɩnda tʊ weyi paana-ɩ, mbʊ yɔ prɔmɛtɩyɔm cɛnzɩ tɔʊʊ nɛ ɖiɣ ɖiɣ fɛyɩ yeke pataatɩɩ tɩlɩta. Fransɩɩ tʊ Georges Urbain, Otirisi tʊ Carl Auer von Welsbach nɛ Amerika tʊ Charles James lakaɣna tʊmɩyɛ ɩtɛrbɩnɩ yɔɔ ɛnʊ weyi Jean Charles Galissard Marignac tʊ na-ɩ pɩnaɣ 1878 yɔ.
Kamɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 4 pɩnaɣ 1907 lɛ, Urbain wɩlɩɣ lɛɣtʊ yɔɔ kandɩyaa Paarii tɛtʊ mbʊ se ɛ-tɛ ñɩnɩɣ nɔmɔʊ taa lɛ ɛnaa se Marignac tɛ ɩtɛrbɩyɔm taa wɛ pʊtʊnaa naalɛ nabɛyɛ ɛlɛ pɛwɛ ndɩ ndɩ. Kɛlɛ ɛtɔŋ se payaa-wɛ se néo-ytterbium, (pɩsa nɛ pɩtaa yidiɣ nɛ Marignac kɩbɩnʊʊ hɩɖɛ, nɛ lutécium (ɖɩɖɩ lɩna Paarii kɩbɩnʊʊ hɩɖɛ tɛ).


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Arthur Rimbaud
Palʊla Jean-Nicolas-Arthur Rimbaud kɛ aloma fenaɣ kɩyakʊ nɛɛlɛ ŋgʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 1854 Sarviilii tɛtʊ taa, Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ ɛsɩ Marsɛyiyɛ ñɩ̀ndʊ taa ɛjaɖɛ kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa kamɩŋ fenaɣ hiu wiye pɩnaɣ 1891 ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 37.
Ɛwɛna hɩla ndɩ ndɩ: kacalaɣ taa lɛ Arthur Rimbaud, pʊwayɩ lɛ Jean Baudry nɛ lɛɛɖɛ kɔyɔ Alcide Bava. Arthur tɛkɛ ɛyʊ cikpelu: kɔɔnaɣ lɛ ɛkɛ keɣsi mayʊ, pʊwayɩ lɛ ɛkɛ ɛyʊ weyi ɛcɔʊ ajɛya lɛɛna taa se ɛtakɩyɛ yɔ, ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ weyi ɛlakɩ tadɩyɛ sɔsɔyɛ yɔ nɛ ɛpɛdʊ kɔfɩ ɖɔɖɔ.
Paa eteleɖi ɛjaɖɛ yɔɔ kɔyɔ Arthur Rimbaud ma takayaɣ sɔsɔɣa ŋga yɔ, kɔ-yɔɔ lɛ ɛwɛ sɔdɩŋ sɔsɔŋ weyi ɛcala fransɩ tɔm maʊ yɔ ɩ-taa. Ɛpaɣzɩ takayaɣ maʊ lɛ ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 15. Ɛ-cɔlɔ lɛ pʊwɛɛ se keɣsi mayʊ ɛkɛ weyiɛnaɣ poliŋ yɔ. Pʊyɔɔ ɖɔɖɔ ɛsɔɔla Paul Verlaine tɔm nɛ ɛsɔɔlɩ ɛ-takayɩsɩ kalɩʊ ɖɔɖɔ. Kpaagbaa mbʊ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ eyele takayɩsɩ maʊ nɛ ɛsʊ sɩ-kalʊʊ yɔɔ nɛ ɛkpɛlɛkʊ kʊnʊmɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ.


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Ateyiizim
Ɛyʊ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ naɖɩyɛ wɛɛ nɛ payaɣ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖʊ-ñʊʊ se ateyiizim. Ɖooo kpaɖɩŋ nɛɛlɛ nɛ kʊɖʊmʊʊ (XXIe siècle) ñɩŋgʊ taa ɛyaa paɣzɩ wɛnaʊ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ nɖɩ ɛyʊ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ nɖɩɩ yɔ se Ɛsɔ nɔɔyʊ fɛyɩ. Ɛsɔnaa cikpeme nabɛyɛ, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se agɔlɩma naayɛ fɛyɩ ɖɔɖɔ. Ɛyʊ weyi ɛkɛ aatee yɔ, eetisiɣ Ɛsɔ nɔɔyʊ yɔɔ. Eetisiɣ ɛgɔlɩmɩyɛ naɖɩyɛ yɔɔ ɖɔɖɔ. Ɛwɛ yem koye. Ɛyʊ weyi ɛkɛ aatee yɔ ɛtɔŋ se ɛyʊ lɩ ɛ-tɩ yɔɔ yem. Se pɩtɛkɛ Ɛsɔ nɔɔyʊ yaa ɛgɔlɩmɩyɛ naɖɩyɛ yaa ɖoŋ sɔsɔŋ nɩɩyɛ lɩzɩna-ɩ. Ŋgʊ ɛyaa nabɛyɛ ñɛwɛɛ nɛ pɔtɔŋ se ɛyʊ talɩɩ ɛ-tɩ yɔɔ yem. Pɔyɔɔdʊʊ se nɔɔyʊ wɛ kedeŋa ñʊʊ yɔɔ, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se ɛsɔdaa nɛ ɛkɩlɩ pɩtɩŋa payɩ; Ɛnʊʊ payaɣna kabɩyɛ kʊnʊŋ taa se Ɛsɔ. Se ɛnʊ lɩzɩna pɩtɩŋa nɛ ɛnʊ tɩna pɩtɩŋa payɩ. Ɛ-cɔlɔ ɖoŋ tɩŋɛ nɛ tɩlɩtʊ tɩŋɛ nɛ lɛɣtʊ tɩŋɛ palɩɣna. Ɛyaa mba pɛwɛna lɩmaɣzɩyɛ ɖɩnɛ yɔ, pa-lɩmaɣzɩyɛ ñʊʊ payaɣ se teeyizim. Yee mbʊ, lɩmaɣzɩyɛ ñʊʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ se ateyiizim yɔ, ɖi-koyindu lɛ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ ñʊʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ se teeyizim. Ɛyaa nabɛyɛ ɖɔɖɔ ñɛwɛna lɩmaɣzɛ lɛɛna kpem, awɛ ndɩ nɛ aatee waa nɛ teeyizim waa pa-lɩmaɣzɛ. Paba payaɣ se añɔsɩtiki was.
Toovenum lɛ, mba payaɣ se aatee waa yɔ, pa-lɩmaɣzɛ lɩɣzɩɣ pɩlɩɩna wɛ ndɩ ndɩ taa. Ɖɔɖɔ lɛ takayɩsɩ mayaa tɩŋɛ ɛɛyɔɔdʊʊ tɔm kʊɖʊmtʊ pɩlɩɩna pɔ-yɔɔ.
Ajɛɛ sakɩyɛ, pɩkɩlɩna ajɛɛ wena aɖɛna ɛsɩndaa siŋŋ yɔ, akpakɩɣ aatee waa se pɛkɛ ɛyaa yem waa? Paaɖʊʊ-wɛ ɛyaa lalaa taa camɩyɛ.


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Olofʊ kʊnʊŋ
Olofʊ kɛ kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ-kʊ Senegaalɩ nɛ Kambii nɛ Moritaanii ajɛyɛ taa yɔ. Kɩ-kɛ Senekambɩyɛnɩ kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ kɩ-tɛ nɛ Atlantiiki kʊnʊmɩŋ piliŋga taa yɔ, kɩ-kɛ Nɩzɛɛro-Koŋgolɛzɩ kʊnʊmɩŋ cejewiye cɩkpeɖe taa yɔ.
Olofʊ kɛ kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlɩ-kʊ yɔɔdʊʊ yɔ Seneegaalɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa yɔ, nɛ ɖɩkpaɣ ɛyaa mɩnɩʊ yɔ kɔyɔ ɛyaa hɩŋ nɩnza nɛ kɩgbanzɩ yɔɔdʊʊ kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ nɛ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, Seneegaalɩ ñɩma mba pɛtɛkɛ Olofʊ mba pɔyɔɔdʊʊ ɖɔɖɔ kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ.
Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ, ŋgʊ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ ɖɔɖɔ Kambii nɛ Moriitaanii yɔ yɛla pɩlɩna ɛzakuuliye yɔ pɩlɩna kɩyeke kɩ-wɛʊ hɔɔlʊʊ yɔ. Kɩnɩɩyaa ageeta ndɩ ndɩ taa nɩɣ ɖama tɔm camɩyɛ yem nɛ tʊkaɣ wɛ pɩlɩna tɔmpe yɔ ñɩɣʊ nɛ ɖɔɖɔ tɔmpe wena pa-kɩntayɛ kʊnʊmɩŋ weyi ɛ-ñɔtɩna ɖama kpam yɔ ɛ-ta ɛzɩ Lébou tɔmpe yɔ ñɩɣʊ nɛ Louisien kiɖeɖeʊ tɔmpe yɔ ñɩɣʊ.
Ɖooo pitiihi pama Olofʊ kʊnʊŋ nɛ Arabɩ masɩ kɩsɔzɔsɩ nzɩ payaɣ se Olofalɩ. Matʊ ndʊ palaba-tʊ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ ɖoŋ ɖoŋ Ɛsɔ kɩlaʊ tɔm takayaɣsɩ taa. Ɖeeɖe nɛ sɔnɔ yɔ Olofʊ matʊ lakɩ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ Latɛŋ masɩ kɛnɛ nɛ ɖama nɩnaʊ mbʊ kɛɛkɛ papɩzɩ nɛ patɩlɩ nɛ paña Olofʊ tɔmpe tɛ nɔsɩ tiliuu yɔ.


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Pɩnzɩ kutoku
Pɩnzɩ kutoku kɛŋna pɩnzɩ mɩŋɩŋ hiu. Fenasɩ takayaɣ taa lɛ, pɩnaɣ kpɛɖɛ ŋga fɛyɩ. Fenasɩ takayaɣ ŋga ɖɩɖɩɩna-kɛ naʊ nɛ ɖɩtɩŋɩɣ kapaɣtʊ yɔɔ yɔ, Anno Domini lɩzɩna-kɛ nɛ kacalaɣ pɩnaɣ kutoku paɣzɩna kɔlaɣ fenaɣ kɔɔnɔɔ wiye pɩna kɔɔnɔɔ ŋga; pɩnzɩ kutoku naalɛ ñɩŋga ñapaɣzɩ kɔlaɣ fenaɣ kɔɔnɔɔ wiye pɩnaɣ 1001 nɛ pɩnzɩ kutoku naadozo ñɩŋga ñapaɣzɩ kɔlaɣ fenaɣ kɔɔnɔɔ wiye pɩnaɣ 2001.
Pakalʊʊ pɩnzɩ kutoku yɔ pɩtakɩlɩ kaɖɛ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ pakalʊʊ akɔnta ɛzɩ pɩnzɩ kutokiŋ hiu lɛ pʊsɔzɩ kʊɖʊm. Mbʊ labɩna yee pɩkɛ pɩnaɣ ɛzɩ 1999 yɔ palakɩ 190 pɔsɔzɩ 1 lɛ pɩlaba 20, pʊtɔbʊʊ se ɛyʊ wɛɛ pɩnzɩ kutokiŋ naatozo ŋga taa.


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Mɔndɔnʋʋ kulubuu (Fibre synthétique)
Pɩsatʋ lʋnaʋ wɛɖʋʋ payaɣ size mɔndɔnʋʋ kulubu. lalaa yaa-kʋ size nimaɣ. Nimaɣ ŋga, palaba kɛ pɩlɩɩna wonu kulubuu n̄ɩŋga nakɛyɛ.
Pɩkɛ mɔndɔnʋʋ ŋgʋ palaba kʋ nɛ wondu kulubutu ndɩ ndɩ kazʋwa wayɩ yɔ. Wonu kulubuu kɛna wonu ŋgʋ pehiu kʋ n̄ɩnɩtʋ sakɩyɛ kazʋwa wayɩ yɔ. Pɩkɛna wonu ŋgʋ pehiu kʋ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɩ hɔɔlʋʋ taa yɔ.
Kpɛlɩ kpɛlɩ wondu ndʋ, tiliɖe lɩna keekee nɛ, ɩɖɩɖɔgɛnɩ nɛ kaɖɩbɔnɩ tomnaɣsɩ taa. Papɩzɩʋ pehiu pɩ-tɛ tomnaɣ ŋga ɖɔɖɔ cɛŋgbɛ mʋlʋm taa ɖɔɖɔ yem kɛlɛʋ. Kajalaɣ nimaɣ tanɩɩ wɛɖʋ n̄ɩŋga kɛlɛ nɩlɔŋ.
Nɩlɔŋ nimaɣ yaa pɩsaɖʋ ŋgʋ n̄ɩnɩyaa sɔsaɣ lɩ kɩ yɔ yaa lɩzɩ kʋ pɩnaɣ 1938 n̄ɩŋga taa. Nimaɣ tanɩɩ wɛɖʋ n̄ɩŋga kanɛ, kawazaɣ ɖɔɔ siŋŋ kɛ kɩyakʋ pɛdʋ taa yaa tadɩyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ taa.
Ɖoo lɔŋ taa mbɩ yɔɔ lɛ, pɩsatʋ yaa ɖama taa lɛɣtʋʋ wondu kulubutu sakɩyɛ kaatɛma lɩɩ. Natʋyʋ natʋyʋ hɩla kɔ yɔ nɛ Fransɩ kʋnʋŋ taa : fibres acryliques, nɛ aramide, nɛ oléfine ɖɔɖɔ nɛ pɩtasɩna polyester.


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Sʊtʊ sɛmɩŋ
Sʊtʊ sɛmɩŋ kɛna tɔmnaɣ ŋga kɛwɛ ɛzɩ leemuu lɩm yaa tɩŋ hɛtʋ natʋyʋ yɔ. Payaʋ se sʊtʊ sɛmɩŋ yɔ pakɛdɩna sʋnɖʋlɩm wɛtʋ nɛ payaa tomnasɩ nzɩ sɩwɛ pɛtɛ wɛtʋ yɔ. Sʊtʊ sɛmɩŋ kɛna tɔmnaɣ ŋga kɛwɛ kaɖɛ se papɩzɩ kɛkɛdɩ camɩyɛ yɔ mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ pabaɣ sɛmɩŋ nɛ leemuu lɩm nɛ pesidi kɔyɔ pɩɩlɩɣ sʊtʊ sɛmɩŋ camɩyɛ. Ɛyaa nabɛyɛ wɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ sʊtʊ sɛmɩŋ yɔ.
Tɔnʋʋ taa alaafɩya tɔm taa lɛ, pombo maɖaa nabɛyɛ sʋʋ tokonaa nɛ cokodonaa mbʋ pɛwɛ ɛzɩ sʊtʊ sɛmɩŋ yɔ. Pɩwɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ Togo taa pombo maɖaa wondu ɖɔɖɔ yɔ. Paamakɩ pombo ɖɔdɔ lɛ, yee pombo maɖʋ nɔɔyʋ ɛlaba mbʋ pɩfɛyɩ camɩyɛ kɔyɔ, pawɩlɩ-ɩ takayaɣ ŋga kɛwɛ ɛzɩ sʊtʊ sɛmɩŋ yɔ nɛ pʋtɔbʋ kɛlɛ se ɛtaatasɩ mbʋ labʋ. Yee pɩkɛ mbʋ payaɣ se siidoo karatee ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, sʊtʊ sɛmɩŋ tambaɖɛ kɛna nimiye nɖɩ pahaɣ-ɖɩ nabutozo ɖeɖe yɔ. Fransɩɩ ɛjadɛ taa lɛ peseɣ kolokaɣ lɛ, weyi ɛkɛ kacalaɣ-tʋ yɔ, ɛnʋ pɛcɛlɩɣ toko ŋgʋ kɩwɛ ɛzɩ sʊtʊ sɛmɩŋ yɔ nɛ pɩkɛna samtʋ nimiye naɖɩyɛ kɛ pozu-i mbʋ yɔ.


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Tarɛsalam
Tarɛsalam kɛŋna Tanzanii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ. Tɩwalanzɩ taa maɣna ɛzɩ 162 km2 nɛ tɩ-taa kɛ ɛjaa kɩla ɖɔʋ kɛ Tanzanii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ lɛɛtʋ. Pɩnaɣ 2005 taa pakalɩ ɛyaakɛ tɛtʋ ndʋ tɩ-taalɛ pɛkpɛnda ɛyaa 2 456 100 ɛlɛ pɩnaɣ 2012 taa patasɩ-wɛɛ kalɩɣ lɛ paɖɛ ɛyaa ɛzɩ miliyɔnaa naanza nɛ kutokiŋ naatozo yɔ. Tarɛsalam tɔbʋʋ kɛlɛ se laŋhɛzɩyɛ dɩɣa. Tɛtʋ ndʋ tɩ-taa kɛ tɔsʋʋ nɛ ɛsɩndaa wobu kɩlɩ wɛʋ.
Tarɛsalam tɛtʋ wɛ Tanzanii ɛjaɖɛ nɛ ɖɩ-wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ nɛ pɩwɛ Ɛɛndɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa pɔɔ ŋga kɔcɔlɔ kpam, pɩñɔtɩna Ŋsɩmbazi Pɔɔ yɔ. Tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ tʋnɛ tɩ-posʋʋ taa nɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-tɛ tɛtʋ ndʋ tɩkɛ ɖɔɖɔ sɔsɔtʋ nɛ tɩ-taa kɛ kewiyaɣ tʋma sɔsɔna wɛɛ nɛ payaɣ-tʋ se todoma yɔ nɛ kilomɛtanaa ɛzɩ 500 yɔ. Pɩsa nɛ papɩzɩ nɛ pɔcɔna Tarɛsalam tɛtʋ yɔɔ camɩyɛ lɛ, pɛtɛyɩ-tʋ tɔm kagbanzɩ taa: Ilala, Kinondoni, Temeke, Uboŋgo nɛ Kigamboni.
Pɩnaɣ 1867 taa paakalɩ ɛyaa kɛ tɛtʋ ndʋ tɩ-taa lɛ, paakpɛnda 3 500, pɩnaɣ 1898 taa lɛ patalɩ ɛyaa 13500. Pɩnaɣ 1900 taa patasɩ-wɛ kalɩɣ lɛ, pɛtalɩ ɛyaa ɛzɩ 20 000 yɔ. Pɩkɔma pɩnaɣ 2009 taa lɛ, ɛyaa talɩ ɛz ɛzɩ 3 207 000 pɩkazɩ kpaagbaa kɩkalɩɣ ŋgʋ palaba pɩnaɣ 2012 yɔ pana ɛyaa miliyɔɔnaa 4 364 541. Tarɛsalam tɛtʋ maaliki yɔɔ cɔnɩyʋ kɛ payaɣ se Dr Didas Massaburi.
Tarɛsalam tɛtʋ nɛ ajɛyaa naayɛ taa tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ ɖʋ taabalɩyɛ yaa ɖama nɩnaʋ nɛ ɛsɩnda wobu nɛ tʋma labʋ nɛ tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ dʋ yɔ: Samsuŋ (Tuurkii), Hamburgi (Caama) nɛ Yiwu (Siini).


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Kpɩtaʊ
Kpɩtaʊ kɛna alɩwaatʊ taa alɩwaayʊʊ nakʊyʊ nɛ kɩkɩla evemiye kɛ ɖaalʊʊ. Pʊtɔbʊʊ se yee ñɩɩtʊ 24 ñalakɩna evemiye kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ kɔyɔ, avema lʊbɛ ñalakɩna kpɩtaʊ kʊɖʊmʊʊ nɛ kpɩtaʊ taa paa kɩyakʊ ŋgʊ lɛ kɩna kɩ-hɩɖɛ nɛ kɩyakɩŋ ɩnʊʊ yɔ:
Kpɩtaŋ naanza lakɩna fenaɣ kʊɖʊmaɣ ɛlɛ, pɩtɛkɛ fenasi tɩŋa wɛŋna kɩyakɩŋ ɖeyi ɖeyi. Lɛlaɣ fenaɣ wɛna kɩyakɩŋ 28 yaa 29, nɛ lɛɛsɩ taa lɛ kɩyakɩŋ 30 nɛ fenasɩ lɛɛsɩ ñɛwɛna kɩyakɩŋ 31. Pɩnaɣ taa kpɩtaŋ 52 yaa 53 wɛna nɛ kɩyakiŋ 365 yaa 366.
Ɖooo kiɖe tɛɛ ɛlɛ, pɔtɔŋ se Ɛsɔ lɩza ɛjaɖɛ nɛ kɩyakɩŋ looɖo nɛ lubɛ ñɩŋgʊ wiye ɛlɛ ɛhɛzɩ. Krɩstʊ mba nabayɩ cɔlɔ ɛlɛ, kujuka kɛŋna kɩyakʊ kɩhɛzʊʊ nɛ lɛɛba ɛlɛ, mazaɣ. Malɩŋ ɛsɔ sɛyaa cɔclɔc ɛlɛ, kemaɣa kɩŋna kɩyakʊ ŋgʊ palɩza se pɛsɛɛ-ɩ yɔ. Ñɩɩnɩya ɛtɛlɛmwaa c;colɔ ɛlɛ, ñʊʊ l7 kɛna hama ñʊʊ. Mezopotamii taa, evemiye 7 ñɩnɖɛ kɛna ɛzaʊ evemiye. Pʊ-yɔɔ kɛ paɖʊ paɣtʊ se fenaɣ taa kɩyakʊ 7, 14 nɛ 28 ñɩŋgʊ wiye pataala tʊmɩyɛ naɖɩyɛ.
Kpɩtaʊ kɛna alɩwaatʊ taa alɩwaayʊʊ nakʊyʊ nɛ kɩkɩla evemiye kɛ ɖaalʊʊ. Pʊtɔbʊʊ se yee ñɩɩtʊ 24 ñalakɩna evemiye kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ, avema lʊbɛ ñalakɩna kpɩtaʊ kʊɖʊmʊʊ. Afema lʊbɛ ñalakɩna kpɩtaʊ kʊɖʊmʊʊ nɛ kpɩtaʊ taa paa evemiye nɖi lɛ nɛ ɖɩ-hɩɖɛ nɛ afema anaa yɔ:
Kpɩtaŋ naanza lakɩna fenaɣ kʊɖʊmaɣ ɛlɛ, pɩtɛkɛ fenasi tɩŋa wɛŋna kɩyakɩŋ ɖeyi ɖeyi, nasɩyɛ wɛna kɩyakɩŋ 28 yaa 29, lɛɛsɩ taa lɛ kɩyakɩŋ 30 nɛ fenasɩ lɛɛsɩ ñɛwɛna kɩyakɩŋ 31.


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Kanadaa
Kanaada ɛjaɖɛ wɛ Amerika nɛ hayɩ kɩŋ nɛ ageeta hiu kpɛndɩna nɛ ateɛyɩ ɖama tam naputozo taa. [Wp/kbp/Atlantique teŋgu|Atɩlantiki]] lɩm kamʊ wɛna kɩ-wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa nɛ kɩ-hayʊ kiŋ lɛ Arkitiiki Teŋgu, piyele wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa lɛ, Pasiifiki Teŋgu ñɛwɛna. Yee wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ nɛ hayʊ kɩŋ kɔyɔ, Etaazuunii tɛtʊ wɛna. Kɩ-walanzɩ taa wɛ ɛzɩ kilomɛtanaa miliɔŋnaa kutokiŋ hiu yɔ. Kɩ-walanzɩ nzɩ sɩ-yɔɔ kɛ keteŋa kpeekpe taa lɛ, Ruusii wayɩ lɛ, Kanaada ɛjaɖɛ kɩlɩna walanzɩ.
Kanaada ɛjaɖɛ taa ɛyaa kpeekpe kpɩndɩ miliyɔɔnaa ɛzɩ 35 yɔ. Yee pakpaɣ keteŋa kpeekpe kɔ yɔ, nɖɩ lɛ ɛjaɖɛ 36 ñɩnɖɩ wena akɩla ɛyaa wɛnaʊ yɔ. Kanaada wɛna lɩm kucokiŋ sakɩyɛ nɛ ɛtalɩ ɛzɩ 31 700 kɛ mbʊ yɔ. Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pɔyɔɔdɩɣ yɔ lɛ eŋglɩsɩɩ nɛ fransɩɩ nɛ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ hɩɖɛ kɔyɔ Otawaa.
Kanaada dɔɔlaarɩ kɛ pɔtɔkɩ se liidiya.
Amerɩndɩɩwaa kacalɩna wɛwʊ kɛ Kanaada tɛtʊ taa. Peeɖe ɛjadɛ ñʊʊtʊ payaɣ se Julie Payette nɛ kewiyaɣ ñʊʊtʊ yɔ Justin Trudeau.
Peeɖe tɛ kaŋgalafu nimaɣ paɣzɩɣna +1.


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Ampiiri Siteti Piilidiŋ
Ampiiri Steti Piilidiŋ kɛna ɛsɔdaa mɩnʋʋ tɛ ɛsɔdaa kuduyuu ŋgʋ kɩwɛna Art déco lɛɣtʋ matʋ yɔ. Kɩwɛ kuluŋgulu nɛ kɩwɛɛ Manhattan kɛ Niyuu Yɔrɩkɩ kɛ Etaazuunii ɛjaɖɛ taa.
Kotoŋa Midtown yɔɔ kɛ Ampiiri Steti Piilidiŋ wɛɛ. Kɩwɛna mɛtɛnaa nasɩdozo nɛ nɩɩnʋwa (350) mbʋ yɔ. Kɩwɛna tɩŋ habɩyɛ sɔsɔyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ yɔɔ kiŋ. Pɩkpaɣʋna hɛkʋ 33 kpam nɛ Hɛkʋ 34 kpam yɔ nɛ habɩyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ yɔɔ kiŋ. Patʋlɩ Apiiri Steti Piilidiŋ nɔnɔsɩ pɩnaɣ 1931 ñɩŋga taa agoza fenaɣ kɩyakʋ kajalaɣ ñɩŋgʋ wiye.
Kɩ-ɖalakɩŋ taa talɩɣ ɛzɩ mɛtɛnaa kudokiŋ 381 mbʋ yɔ. Kɩ-ɖalakɩŋ nɛ kɩ-antɛnɩ lɛ, pɩkpɛndaa pɩlɩɩ mɛtɛnaa kudokiŋ 443,2. Ɖɩtɩlɩ ɖɔɖɔ size Ampiiri kʋnɛ, kɩwɛna ɛsɔdaa kuduyuŋ weyi yɔ, ɛɖɔ sakɩyɛ. Nɛ ɛpɩzɩɣ ɛtalɩ kuduyuŋ mɩnʋʋ nɛ naala(102) mbʋ yɔ.
Kedeŋa kpeekpe yɔɔ cɩnɛ ɛsɔdaa kuduyuu ŋgʋ kɩkɩlɩ kʋyʋʋ yɔ kɩ-wayɩ lɛ, Ampiiri Steti Piilidiŋ ɛsɔdaa kuduyuu tɩŋɩna. Ampiiri Steti Piilidiŋ ɛsɔdaa kuduyuu wɛ Niyuu Yɔrɩkɩ tɛtʋ taa Etaazuunii ɛjaɖɛ taa. Patʋlɩ kɩ-nɔnɔsɩ ɖoma fenaɣ taa, pɩnaɣ 1920 ñɩŋga taa. One World Trade Center kɩlɩna kʋkʋyɩmɩŋ.
Pʋcɔ nɛ papɩzɩ pana lone nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa pʋwɛɛ se pama Ampiiri Steti Piilidiŋ yɔɔ lɛ,pɩlaba kaɖɛ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ. Halɩ pʋ-nʋmɔʋ taa you sɔsɔʋ nakʋyʋ lɩ salaŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ hiu ñɩŋgʋ wiye,pɩnaɣ 2001 taa. You ŋgʋ, kɩlabɩna nɛ kuduyuŋ weyi ɛkɛwɛ World Trade Center yɔ ɛyɔkɩ.


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Sɛmʊʊ
Sɛmʊʊ.
Sɛmʊʊ kɛ tɛtɛ kpɩnɛ ndɩ ɖɩkɛ kagbanzɩ nɖɛ kpɩna hɩla ñɩna taa, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se sɛmʊʊ haɣ hɩlɩm kɩ-piyaa. Ɛkɛ kpɩnɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-nɛ ɖɩ-cɩkpaŋ nɛ ɖɩkayɩɣ yaa ɖɩwɛkɩɣ wondu yɔ. Ɖɩkɛ kpɩnɛ nɖɩ ɖoo yeke koŋ kɛ ɖɩlɩɣ nɛ ɖɩ-kubuka kɛna-ɩ ɛ-mʊntʊsʊʊ cɩkpɛndʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa nɛ ɛpɩzɩɣ ɛɖɛɣ. Ɛmakɩ kubuka lɛ, yee pɩyʊ nɔɔyʊ ɛwɛ ɛsɩndaa kɔyɔ pʊtʊ ɛnʊ e-fefeku pɩsɩɣ nɛ ɛ-yɔɔ kiŋ kɛlɛ ɛmɛɣ. Ɛkɛ sumaɣ ŋga kakʊyʊʊ ɛsɔdaa pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se ɛwɛna keŋ nɛ ɛ-yɔɔ wɛɛ hʊndʊ, keŋ ɛnʊ ɛ-hɛkɩŋ taa ɛ-cɩkpaŋ wɛ haŋ ŋñɩɩ ŋñɩɩ waa nabayɛ yɔɔ nɛ ɛzɩ sumasi lɛɛsɩ caɣkɩɣ tataa yɔ, sɛmʊʊ wɛʊʊ yɔ kaŋkalaŋ nɛ ŋna-kʊ tataa, ɛsɔdaa esusuu nɛ ɛ-ñʊʊ pa ɛsɛ nɛ tɛtʊ kɛlɛ ɛdɔkɩ pilinzi nɛ ɛ-cɩkpaŋ.
Lona wena a-taa pakɩlɩ hayʊʊ, yaa ɖenɖe ɛyaa ɛkɩlɩ ɖɔʊʊ yaa lona wena a-taa tɩŋ fɛyɩ yɔ ŋnaɣ sɛmʊʊ peeɖe yaa paa ŋna-ɩ ɛtɔɖɔɔ. Sumasi tɩŋa taa payi lɛ sɛmʊʊ koŋ yeke pɩzɩna kʊyʊʊ tɔm, ɛyɛlɩɣ pɩfɛyɩ yɔɔdʊʊ, ɛnʊ kɩlɩna-sɩ ɖɛʊʊ poliŋ nɛ pɩtɩnɩ-ɩ kaʊʊ ɖɔɖɔ. Ɛtɛkɛ sumaɣ ŋga kɛwɛ hʊndʊ siŋ, ɛ-hʊndʊ caɣ kpɛlɛmɛɛ ɛ-yɔɔ, ɛ-tɛ kʊyʊʊ taa ɛpɩzɩɣ ɛkpa ɛsɔdaa ɖeɖe ɛyʊ ɛtasɩɣ naʊ helim yɔ ɛlɛ piteheyi-ɩ natʊyʊ. Sɛmʊʊ wɛʊʊ kuɖum yɔ ɛwɛna ñʊʊ, ɛsɛ wɛɛ, nɩgbaŋɩŋ wɛɛ, ɛwɛɛ hɔɔyɛ, ɛ-cɩkpaŋ kɛna ɛ-naŋgbanzɩ nɛ ɛfɛyɩ hʊndʊ ɛzɩ sumasi lɛɛsɩ yɔ, ɛ-nɔɔ wɛɛ kela ɛzɩ haɣ yɔ pɩ nɛ ɛ-sʊnlɩmɩyɛ. Ɛ-tɔɔnaɣ kɛlɛ tɩŋ pee nɛ pɩ-hatʊ naa nabayɛ. Ɛɛɖʊʊ yalaa ɛzɩ sʊmaɣ yɔ ɛlɛ ɛɖʊʊ piyaa kpaagbaa ɛzɩ haɣ yɔ nɛ sɩmʊzɩ-ɩ. Ɛwɛ ɛsɛ nɛ mɔɔŋ kɛlɛ ɛ-ɛsɛ ɛɛnaɣ wɩsɩ taa. Mbʊ lɛ ɖɩɩpɩzɩɣ ɖɩtɔɔ se sɛmʊʊ kɛ yʊlʊm ɖɔɖɔ yooo.
Sɛmʊʊ lakɩ pɩnzɩ ɛzɩ naalɛ yaa naadozo ɛtala ɖʊʊ pɩɣa, ɛɛɖʊʊ lɛ ɖoyo ñʊʊ ñosusa nɛ hadɛ kiŋ kɛlɛ pɩɣa ñalɩna hayi kiŋ nɛ ɛɖɔkɩ ɖoyo nɛ ɛ-cɩkpaŋ nɛ yee ɛtapɩzɩɣ ɖɔkʊʊ kɔyɔ ɛtɔlʊʊ tataa nɛ pɩcɔ ɛɛpɩzɩɣ ɛɖɔɔ nɛ ɛtalɩ tɩŋ kiɖe nɛ ɛɛkpa. Ɖoyo wɛna hɩla naalɛ ana ɛmʊzʊna-ɩ ɛ-pɩɣa kpaɣ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ mbʊ yɔ halɩ ñɩŋʊ fɛyɩna abalʊ kɛɖɛɖaɣ. Ɛtɔkɩ tɩŋ pee nɛ tɛtɛ ñɩtʊ cikpetu ɛzɩ kpaɣ pɔtʊ, kayɩmasɩ nɛ fɩŋfɩŋ waa mbʊ yɔ. Sɛmʊʊ wɛna wazaɣ piŋ, ɛtɔkɩ tɛtɛ ñɩtʊ nɛ lɛɛtʊ naa mba paawazɩɣ pɩyʊ yaa pɛwɛkɩɣ yɔ. Ɛzɩ ɖɩkpaɣ Floride (Gainesville) sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ, pɔtʊ kaahu kɩ-yɔɔ pɩnaɣ 1990. Pɩkɔma pɩnaɣ 1991 salaŋ fenaɣ taa lɛ pama kuduyuu nakʊyʊ kɩ-taa pɩzɩɣ pɩcaɣ sɛmɩŋ 200000 kɛlɛ pɔtʊ tɩmʊʊ peɖe.


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Adolph Hitler
Adolph Hitler kɛ Otirisi tʊ. Ɛlɛ, ɛyɔɔdʋʋ caama ñɩma kʋnʋŋ. Palʊlɩ-ɩ efemiye nɛɛlɛ (20) wiye ɖomaɣ fenaɣ taa, pɩnaɣ 1889. Palʋla-ɩ Bɩrɔnɔ Amm Ɩnn tɛtʋ taa Otirisi Hɔŋgri ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ sɔnɔ taa payaɖɩ se Otirisi yɔ, ɖɩ-taa. Ɛsɩba ɖomaɣ fenaɣ taa kɩyakʋ niidozo (30) ñɩŋʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1945 ñɩŋa taa. Bɛrɩlɛɛ tɛtʋ taa ɛsɩba. Bɛrɩlɛɛ tɛtʋ kɛŋna Caama tɛtʊ sɔsɔ. Adolph Hitler ɛnʊ, ɛ-maɣmaɣ ɛkʊna ɛ-tɩ. Sɔsɔ Adolph Hitler kaakɛna Caama ɛjaɖɛ taa sɔɔja sɔsɔ. Ɛɛkɛ ɛjaɖɛ ńɖɩ ɖɩ-ñʋʋdʋ. Ɛɛkɛ politi laɖʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ. Ɛnʊ lɩzɩna politiki ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se 'Nazisme" yɔ.
Ɖoŋ tʊmɩyɛ ɖeke koŋ ɛlakaɣ e-wezuu caɣʋ tɩŋa. Ɛ-lɩmaɣza ɖeke koŋ Caama ɛjaɖɛ taa ɛyaa lakaɣna tʊmɩyɛ. Ɖoŋ ɖɔɖɔ ɛmʋna Kewiyaɣ kpelaɣ. Nɛ ɛmʊ-kɛ nɛ ɛtɛ lɛ, ɛyaa Caama ɛjaɖɛ sɩse: Naadozo Reich. Ɛkpaɣ kpelaɣ, kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 1933 ñɩŋa nɛ puwolo pɩsɩɩna pɩnaɣ 1945 ñɩŋa taa. Ɛkɛ politiki ɛyʊ mbʊʋ lɛ, ɛkɛ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ sɩse 'NSDAP' (caama tʊmlaɖaa samaɣ), yɔ ɖɩ-ñʊʋdʊ . Caama ɛjaɖɛ ñʋʋdʋ Adolph Hitler ñɩnaɣ se ɛkʋ weyi ɛlɛ kɛkɛ ɖɩ-ñʋʋdʋ yɔ nɛ pʋcɔ ɛmʋ kpelaɣ nɛ ɖoŋ, ɛlɛ, pʋtɔcɔ. Ñʋʋdʋ Adolph Hitler kɛkɛ Caama ɛjaɖɛ kajalaɣ Minisi, pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se ɛjaɖɛ ñʋʋdʋ tɛɛ tʋ nɛ pʋcɔ ɛmʋʋ kpelaɣ nɛ ɖoŋ. Kɔlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ niidozo wiye, pɩnaɣ 1933 ñɩŋa taa ɛɛkɛ Kajalaɣ Minisi Caama ɛjaɖɛ taa.kpɛɣlɛ. Pɩnaɣ ŋga ka-taa ɛkʋ e-kondɩnaa mba pakaɖaɣna-ɩ yɔ patɩŋa payɩ pɩtasaɣ paa kʋɖʋm. Ɖomaɣ fenaɣ taa, pɩnaɣ 1934 ñɩŋa taa ɖajaa Adolph Hitler laba ɛ-tɩ sɔnzɩ nɛ ɛpɩsɩ Caama ɛjaɖɛ ñʋʋdʋ. Ñʋʋdʋ Adolph Hitler ɖiyaɣ ɛ-ɛjaɖɛ nɛ ñazʋʋ nɛ ɖoŋ. E-ɖeke ɛlɩzɩɣna ɛjaɖɛ paɣtʋ ndɩ ndɩ nɛ a-yɔɔ ɖeke ɖɔɖɔ ɛyaa ɖɔŋ. Ɛɛyɔɔdʋʋ nɛ nɔɔyʋ cosi. Ɛɛñazɩɣ nɛ nɔɔyʋ kizi labʋ mbʋ ɛtɔma se pala yɔ. Ñazʋʋ nɛ ñazʋʋ lɛ, ñʋʋdʋ Adolph Hitler ñazaa ɛpalɩ lɩm.Ɛ-kañatʋ nɛ ñʋʋdʋ nɔɔyʋ ñɩndʋ patata kaʋ. Adolph Hitler tɔm kɛ kigiluu tɔm siŋŋ samaɣ cɔlɔ. Ɛkʊwaɣ e-kondinaa yem yem ɛzɩ ɛsɔɔlʊʋ yɔ.Ɛɛsɔɔla se ɛmʋ ajɛɛ ndɩ ndɩ tɛtʋ nɛ tɩpɩsɩ ɛ-ɛjaɖɛ ñɩndʋ.
Payaɣ ñʋʋdʋ Adolph Hitler caa se Aloi Hitler nɛ e-ɖoo hɩlɛ lɛ Klara Hitler. Ɛwɛna halʊ nɛ payaɣ ɛlɛ se Eva Braum.


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Sophocle
Sophocle kɛ Krɛsɩ tʋ. Ɛkɛ abalʋ weyi ɛfɛyɩ felendu kpataa yaa kaʋ yɔ. Palʋla ɖajaa sɔsɔ Sophocle ɛnʋ kɛ pɩnaɣ 495 n̄ɩŋga taa nɛ pɩcɔ palʋlʋʋ Yeesu Krɩstʋ. Ɛ-ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʋ taa peeɖe kɛ kooka yaa egeetiye nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ size Colone yɔ ɖɩ-taa peeɖe kɛ palʋla ɖajaa ɛnʋ.
Ɛkɛ n̄amtʋ pɩɣa ɛ-taabalaa nɛ ɛ-samaɣ ŋga ɛwɛ ka-taa yɔ kɛ-sɩnda. Ɛ-pɩcatʋ taa ɛɛkɛ pɩɣa ŋga kɛwɛ lɛɣtʋ siŋŋ yɔ. Ɛsɩba pɩnaɣ 406 n̄ɩŋga taa nɛ pɩcɔ palʋlʋʋ Yeesu Krɩstʋ. Egeetiye nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa ɛsɩba yɔ, ɖeɖe tɔm n̄ɩnʋ mayaɣ tabazɩ patɩlɩ keekee.
Ɖajaa sɔsɔ Sophocle kɛ maɣzɩm takayasɩ kɩkalasɩ mayʋ tʋmɩyɛ laɖʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ kɛ ɛ-ɛjaɖɛ Krɛsɩ tɛtʋ taa peeɖe. Patʋma aseɣɖe lɩzɩyaa kɔyɔ : ɖajaa sɔsɔ Eschyle, nɛ sɔsɔ Euripide. Ɛkɛ takayasɩ ndɩ ndɩ mayʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ. Ɛlɩza yaa ɛma maɣzɩm takayasɩ kɩkalasɩ nzɩ yɔ, sɩtaɣlʋ ɛzɩ mɩnʋ nɛ pɩtɩnɩ pʋyɔ kɛ mbɩ yɔ.
Sɔɔndʋ tɔm yaa sɔɔndʋ pɩyʋ tɔm takayasɩ kɩmamasɩ ɛwakana mazɩtʋ ndɩ ndɩ. Ɛ-hɩɖɛ kʋyaa siŋŋ. Sakɩyɛ sɩmaŋ pɩlɩɩna ɛ-tʋma kɩbana nɛ ɖeu labʋ yɔ. Ɖajaa
sɔsɔ Sophocle caa kɛ payaɣ size Sophilos. Palʋla ɛ-caa kɛ pɩnaɣ 496 nɛ pɩcɔ palʋlʋʋ Yeesu Krɩstʋ. Lɔŋ weyi ɖajaa sɔsɔ ɛnɛ ɛpaɣlɩna yɔ ɛn̄ɔsɛyɩ kamaɣ fɛyɩ.


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Ñʋŋ hoɖe
Tomnaɣ kpɛlɛkʋʋ lɛɣtʋ piliŋa hɔɔlʋʋ taa lɛ, pɩlɩʋ nakʋyʋ wɛɛ nɛ payaɣ-kʋ se ɖɔʋ tɛ ɖoŋ yaa ñʋŋ hoɖe (mécanique quantique). Pɩlɩʋ kʋnɛ kɩ-taa lɛ, ɛyʋ kpɛlɛkɩɣ lakasɩ nzɩ sɩ-yɔɔ pɩtɩŋɩɣna nɛ pʋyʋ ñɩɩɩ yaa kɔtɩɩ waa wɛʋ paa wonuu ŋgʋʋ lɛ kɩ-taa yɔ.
Pɩlɩʋ kʋnɛ kɩ-taa ɛyʋ ñɩnɩɣ nɛ ɛkɛdɩ ɛzɩma pɩtɩŋɩɣ nɛ pɩlakɩ pɩtɩŋa payɩ yɔ. Ɖooo lɛ, ɛyʋ taatɩlɩ ɛzɩma pɩlakɩ nɛ tomnaɣ kɩkpɛdaɣ lɩɣ cɛkasɩ yɔ. Ɛtaatɩlɩ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩma pɩlakɩ nɛ laatriki miŋ lɩɣ yɔ. Ɛtaatɩlɩ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩma pɩtɩŋɩɣna nɛ mʋntʋsʋʋ ñazɩñazʋʋ tɩyɛ lɩɣ yɔ.
Ɛlɛ, waaɣ nɛɛlɛ ñɩŋa taa ɛyaa ñɩnaa nɛ papaɣzɩ lakasɩ ndɩ ndɩ sɩnɛ sɩ-yɔɔ lɩmaɣza labʋ. Eerɔpʋ tɛtʋ wandaam taa tomnasɩ kpɛlɛkɩyaa ɛyaa hiu ñɩnɩna nɛ patɩlɩ ɛzɩma pɩtɩŋɩɣ nɛ kigiluu yaa pita lakasɩ ndɩ ndɩ sɩnɛ sɩlakɩ yɔ.
Ɖɔʋ tɛ hoɖe yaa ñʋŋ ɖoŋ lɛɣtʋ pɩlɩʋ taa pañɩnɩɣ nɛ panaɣ mbʋ pʋwɛ pʋyʋ kɔtɩɩɩ taa yɔ pɩtɩŋa payɩ. Ñʋŋ ɖoŋ pɩlɩʋ ŋgʋ kɩ-taa ɖɔɖɔ ɛyʋ ñɩnɩɣ nɛ ɛtɩlɩ ñɩtɩɩ pe yaa hɔɔlasɩ wɛtʋ ndɩ ndɩ. Mbʋʋ pɩtɩŋa pazɩ pazɩ nɛ tomnaɣ kpɛlɛkʋʋ lɛɣtʋ kɩfatʋ kɔɔ tɩlɩɩ.


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Kooree Hadɛ Kiŋ
Kooree Hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ wɛ Aazii nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa kiŋ nɛ kɩ-tɛ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Sewuli. Kooree hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ taa ɛyaa yɔɔdɩɣ kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ yɔ ŋgʊ payaɣ se koore; pɩkazɩ nɛ liidiye nɖɩ pɔtɔkɩ yɔ nɖɩ lɛ wooŋ. Kooree hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ sɩna Kooree hayʊ nɖɛ nɛ kilomɛtanaa ɛzɩ 238 yɔ. Yeee pakpaɣ kedeŋga kpeekpe kɔ yɔ, Kooree hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩkɛ hiu nɛ naalɛ ñɩnɖɛ kɩ-ñɩm tɔm taa.
Kooree hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ taa ɛyaa wɛ laŋhɛzɩyɛ taa lɛɛlɛyɔ pɩkɩlɩ ɛzɩ ɖooo lɛ yɔ mbʊ pʊ-yɔɔ yɔ pɩnaɣ 1961 taa lɛ mba paawɛ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ taa yɔ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ lɛ 28 nɛ pɩnaɣ 2011 taa lɛ, mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ lɛ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ taa mba talɩɣ ɛzɩ 83 yɔ. Kooree hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ taa ya wɛ miliyɔɔnaa 49 nɛ pa-taa lɛ ɛyaa ɛzɩ miliyɔɔna 22 wɛ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ taa.
Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɛyaa ɖɛ ɛzɩ miliyɔɔnaa ɛzɩ 750 kɛ pɩnaɣ 2005 yɔ, mbʊ yɔ tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-taa ɛyaa kɔ yɔ: Sewulɩ (10 350 000), Pusaŋ (3 680 000), Inzeyɔŋ (2 580 000), Tayeguu (2 565 000), Tayezeyɔŋ (1 475 000), Kɩwanzuu (1 415 000), Suwɔŋ (1 240 000), Koyaŋgɩ (1 200 000), Seyɔŋñam (1 030 000), Ulsaŋ (960 000), Puuseyɔŋ (830 000).
Mɩsɩ kʊm fenaɣ 15 pɩnaɣ 2000 ŋgʊ wiye kɛ Kooree Hadɛ kiŋ ñʊʊtʊ Kim Dae-jung nɛ Kooree Hayɩ kiŋ ñɩnʊ Kim Jong-Il pekpeelaɣ nɛ panɩɩna ɖama se you nakʊyʊ ɛtaatasɩ wɛʊ pɛhɛkɛʊ taa pɩcɩyʊ-wɛ mbʊ paa ɛzɩmtaa. Ɛlɛ, lakɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 12 wiye pɩnaɣ 2004 kɛ Kooree Hadɛ ñɩma kpaɣ paɣtʊ natʊyʊ yem tuda se Kooree Hayʊ ñʊʊtʊ Roh Moo-hyun ɛɛtaatasɩ naŋgbaŋa fɛyʊ kɛ pɛ-tɛ ɛlɛ pɩkɔma nɛ pɩlakɩ ɛzɩ fenasi naalɛ mbʊyɔ lɛ, ɖomaɣ fenaɣ 14 wiye pɩnaɣ kʊɖʊmaɣ ŋga kewiye lɛ, paɖɩzɩ paɣtʊ ndʊ.


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Saamɩɖɛ
Kanadaa ɛjaɖɛ taa lɛ, payaɣ saamɩɖɛ se Ɛɛdɩ tɛ bilee. Saamɩɖɛ kɛ tɩʋ ŋgʋ kɩwɛna hatʋ n̄ɔɔɔ yɔ. Hɔɔlɩŋ weyi ɛ-taa wɩsɩ n̄akɩ yɔ, pakɩlɩɣ saamɩla hayʋʋ. Pahayɩɣ saamɩla a-pe yɔɔ. N̄ɩm ndɩ ndɩ wɛ saamɩla pe taa sakɩyɛ. Saamɩla hatʋ ɖɔɖɔ kɛ huɖe. Pɩkɛ tikuu, payaɣ se saamɩɖɛ tiku, pɩkɛ piye, payaɣ se saamɩɖɛ pijen.
Saamɩɖɛ lɩna Mɛkɩsiiki ɛjaɖɛ taa. Saamɩla kɛkɛŋna Amérindiens waa tɔɔnaɣ kajalaɣ n̄ɩŋga nɛ pʋcɔ ɖajaa Christophe Colomb fɛyɩɣ nɩŋgbaŋaɣ Amerika ɛjaɖɛ taa. Amerika ɛjaɖɛ nɛ hɛkʋ taa hɔɔlʋʋ nɛ hadɛ kiŋ nɛ hayi kiŋ hɔɔlʋʋ taa n̄ɩma pakpaɣ saamɩɖɛ se ɖɩkɛ-wɛ pʋyʋ siŋŋ pɩkɩlɩ pɩtɩŋa. Waasɩ hiu nɛ loɖo taa papazɩɣ saamɩla haɣʋ Eerɔɔpʋ tɛtʋ taa. Sɔnɔ, pahayɩɣ saamɩla kedeŋa kpeekpe. Mɔʋ pakɩlɩɣ haɣʋ kedeŋa yɔɔ cɩnɛ, patɩŋ bilee, pʋwayɩ lɛ saamɩla tɩŋɩɣna tɩŋ pe haɖaʋ nʋmɔʋ taa. Lɛɣtʋ ndʋ tɩlɩ lɛɛlɛɛyɔ nɛ pɔtɔzʋʋ pe kɩbana kɩbana nɛ pesidiɣ-yɛ nɛ lɛɛna nɛ poɖuu yɔ, piyebina nɛ pahayɩɣ saamɩla pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ Eerɔpʋ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʋyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ taa nɛ Etaazuunii nɛ Siini pa-ajɛya taa. Pahayɩɣ-yɛ ɖɔɖɔ sakɩyɛ Afrika nɛ hadɛ kiŋ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʋyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ taa. Pahayɩɣ-yɛ ɖɔɖɔ Argentine nɛ Eerɔpʋ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ taa.


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Amerika nɛ hayi kiŋ kujomiŋ
Amerika nɛ hayʊ kiŋ kujomiŋ kpɛnda kujomiŋ sɔsɔŋ kagbanzɩ kpayɩ nɛ ɛwɛ Etaazuunii nɛ Kanadaa ajɛya anɛ a-hɛkʊ taa. Amerika nɛ hayʊ kiŋ kujomiŋ ɛnɛ, ɛnʊ kɛna keteŋa kpeekpe taa kujomiŋ weyi ɛkɩla liŋguu nɛ salanzɩ ɖɔɖɔ yɔ. Kujomiŋ ɛnɛ ɛ-ɖaɣlakɩŋ kakɩ yaa nabʊlɛ taa lɛ, pɩmaɣna kilomɛtanaa ɛzɩ 244 100 yɔ nɛ ɛ-taa lɩm wɛ ɛzɩ 23 000 km3 yɔ. Yee pakpaɣ pɔɔ ŋga payaɣ-kɛ Laurent Kiɖeɖeu yɔ ka-taa lɩm nɛ pɛkpɛndɩ Amerika nɛ hayʊ kiŋ kujomiŋ yɔɔ kɔyɔ, ɛ-taa lɩm talɩɣ ɛzɩ kedeŋa kpeekpe lɩm mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ lɛ hiu nɛ litoozo yɔ.
Amerika nɛ hayʊ kiŋ kujomiŋ ɛnʊ ɛ-taa lɛ nanza wɛ Kanadaa nɛ Amerika pɛhɛkʊ taa. Michigan kujomuu ɖeke koŋ wɛna Etazuunii tɛtʊ taa yeli. Jujomuu nakʊyʊ wɛɛ nɛ payaɣ-kʊ Claire kiɖeɖeu kujomuu nɛ pɛtɛkpɛndɩna-kʊ nɛ pakalɩ Amerika nɛ hayʊ kiŋ kujomiŋ taa. Kujomiŋ kʊnɛ kɩwɛ Huron nɛ Erié kujomiŋ hɛkʊ taa. Pɩtɛkɛ kiɖeke ɖɔɖɔ, kujomiŋ cikpeŋ wɛɛ nɛ ɛɖɛɛ ɛzɩ kutoku yɔ kɛ Amerika nɛ hayʊ kiŋ kujomiŋ ɛnʊ ɛ-taa.
Amerika nɛ hayʊ kiŋ kujomiŋ ɛnɛ, ɛtɩŋa ɛ-lɩm kpeŋ Laurent kiɖeɖeu pɔɔ taa nɛ ɛ-lɩm talɩɣ ɛzɩ 23 000 km3 yɔ nɛ mbʊ calɩɣna Etazuunii ajɛya 48 payɩ. Paa nɛ mbʊ yɔ, kedeŋa kpeekpe taa lɛ Amerika nɛ hayʊ kiŋ kujomiŋ ɛnɛ ɛ-taa lɩm fɛyɩ kele kele nɛ pɩtalɩ lɛɛbʊ. Lɩm mbʊ pʊwɛ kele kele yɔ pɩmakʊɣna ɛzɩ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ lɛ 4,2 ɖekɛ mbʊ yɔ. Amerika nɛ hayʊ kiŋ kujomiŋ ɛnɛ ɛ-walanzɩ taa wɛ ɛzɩ Kewiyaɣ Kɩkpɛndaɣ kpeekpe walanzɩ yɔ: 244 100 km2.


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Euclid
Euclide (Krɛkɩ kɩbɩnʊʊ taa lɛ, Eὐkλeίδnς / Eukleídês), ɛkɛ lɛɣtʊ tɩlɩyʊ Krɛkɩ kɩbɩnʊʊ taa. Ɛnʊ tɩna pʊtʊna mba pɔ-tɔm kɛ kɩjɛyʊʊ lɛɣtʊ kpɛlɛkʊʊ nɔmɔʊ taa yɔ, mbʊ pɩpɩsa kiɖe pɔ-nɔmɔʊ taa Wɩsɩ Ɖɩlɩyɛ ɛjaɖɛ taa yɔ. Paasɩŋ e-fezuu caɣʊ tɔm natʊyʊ kaʊ yaa ɛsɩm tɔm natʊyʊ ɛlɛ, papɩzɩ pɔtɔŋ se ɛɛwɛ pɩnzɩ talɩ 300 ɖa-alɩwaatʊ.
Ɛ-tʊmɩyɛ kɩkɩlɩyɛ kɛlɛ pɩyʊ kɩmanam, kɛ pɩyʊ mbʊ palɩza nɛ pɩwɛ camɩyɛ cɔlɩɩ tɛ pɩtɩŋna axiome naa nɛ postula naa yɔɔ yɔ. Ɛlɩzɩ lɩmaɣza sakɩyɛ pɩnɛ pɩ-tɛ aseɣɖe tɔm nɛ ɛwɩlɩ. Pɩɩkɛ siŋ lɩzʊʊ kpɛlɛkʊʊ, pɩwɛ ɖeyi ɖeyi ɛzɩ lɩm cakʊʊ yɔ nɛ pɩwɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ pɩyɛ yɔ nɛ ñʊŋ kɩtɩlɩŋ kpɛlɛkʊʊ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ. Tʊmɩyɛ nɖɩ pama ɖɩ-takayasɩ sakɩyɛ nɛ kʊnʊmɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ taa nɛ pɩkɛ lɛɣtʊ tɩlʊʊ kpɛlɛkʊʊ sukuli wɩlʊʊ kɩɖe paa sukuli tindimiye naalɛ nɖɛ nɖɩ lɛ ɖɩ-taa kɛ ajɛyɛ sakɩyɛ taa.
Euclide hɩɖɛ lɩna koŋ Euclide nɔmɔŋ wɩlʊʊ takayaɣ taa. Takayaɣ nakayɛ ɛwɩlɩɣ keele Euclide wezuu caɣʊ tɔm. Ɖɩfɛyɩna takayaɣ kimamaɣ nakayɛ yaa ɛ-maɣmaɣ ɛ-yɔɔ tɔm natʊyʊ ɛzɩ taakyaɣ kɩkalaɣ yɔɔ kajalaɣ hayʊʊ yɔɔ yaa komina takayɩ hayʊʊ nakʊyʊ yɔɔ. Ɛ-tɛ kpaɣɖʊ taa nɔyʊ tamaɣzɩ ɛ-yɔɔ tɔm natʊyʊ yɔɔ kaʊ. Mbʊ lɛɣtʊ tɩlɩyaa tɔm kɛdɩyʊ Peter Schreiber yɔɔda se Euclide fezuu caɣʊ tɔm fɛyɩ tovonum takayaɣ nakayɛ taa nɛ pasɩm-kɛ.
Yee ɖɩkpaɣ pɩlɔɔ wɛɛ tʊmɩyɛ pɩtɩŋna ndʊ Proclus ma yɔɔ yɔ, Euclide kɛ Platon nɛ Archimède nɛ nɔɔnɔɔ wɛɛ tɛ Ptolémée kajalaɣ tʊ tɛ hɛkʊ taa alɩwaatʊ ɛyʊ. Ɛyʊ ɛɛwɛ pɩnzɩ talɩ mɩnɩŋ naatozo pʊcɔ ɖa-alɩwaatʊ. Takayaɣ nakayɛ taa tɔm fɛyɩ se tɩkpɛɣna Euclide tɔmpe yaa nakayɛ fɛyɩ se tka-taa tɔm pɩzɩɣ tɩñɩɣ niye se ɛ-tɔm kɔyɔ keeke.
Tɔm ɖɔ sakɩyɛ pɩlɩna Euclide yɔɔ, pʊyɔɔ lɛɣtʊ tɩlɩyʊ nɔyʊ kpaɣɖʊ 4 alɩwaatʊ taa ɛnʊ payaɣ se Pappus d'Alexandrie kɛdʊʊ ɖʊ se pʊwɛ ɛzɩ Euclide tɛ sukuli piyaa kaawɩla sukuli kɛ Alexandrie ɛjaɖɛ taa. Pʊyɔɔ takayasɩ maya sɔsaa nabɛyɛ kpaɣ Euclide nɛ pɔsɔzɩ Mouseîon d'Alexandrie ɛyaa yɔɔ, ɛlɛ peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ mbʊ yɔ, kewiyaɣ takayaɣ nakayɩ taa fɛyɩ ɛ-tɔm natʊyʊ se pɛkɛɖɩ-tʊ keeke. Hɩɖɛ kɩsɛsɛyɛ nɖɩ pɔzɔza-ɩ canaʊ taa yɔ, nɖɩ lɛ Stoichéiôtês, pʊdʊna lɩzɩyʊ.


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Sidinee
Sidinee kɛna Ositraalii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ natʊyʊ nɛ tɩwɛ Kaalɩ Kɩfalʊ hɔɔlʊʊ taa kiŋ nɛ pɩwɛ tɛnu ŋgʊ payaɣ se tasmani yɔ ki-kitiiliŋ cɔlɔ kpam. Pɩnaɣ 2014 taa pakalɩ kɩgalʊ lɛ, pana ɛyaa miliyɔɔnaa 4 840 000 nɛ tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-walanzɩ landammm taa wɛ kilomɛtanaa 12 300. Ositiraalii ɛjaɖɛ taa lɛ, Mɛɛlibɔrnii tɛtʊ nɛ Prisibani ñɩndʊ wayɩ lɛ, Sidinee tɛtʊ taa kɛ ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ. Nɛ paa pɩɩkɛna Oseyani keteŋa kpeekpe taa ɖɔɖɔ kɔyɔ, tɛtʊ ndʊ ɖɔɖɔ taa kɛ ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ.
Sidinee tɛtʊ wɛ Ositiraalii ɛjaɖɛ hɔɔlɩŋ nɩɩlɛ taa: Kumbɛrilandi kataŋga nɛ Hɔrnsibii pʊʊ pɛ-hɛkʊ taa nɛ pɔsɩ ndɩ ndɩ tɛŋgʊna tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-hɛkʊ taa. Weyi payaɣ se James Cook yɔ, ɛnʊ kɛŋna kacalaɣtʊ weyi ɛlɛɣ naʊ kɛ Sidinee tɛtʊ yɔ nɛ ɛyaa-tʊ se Jakson kidiiliŋ.Pɩɩkɛ pɩnaɣ 1770. Ɛyaʊ-tʊ hɩɖɛ nɖɩ yɔ ɛñɩnaɣ se ɛɖʊ hɩɖɛ kɛ Piritaaniki ɛjaɖɛ taa sɔdʊ sɔsɔʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ se George Jakson yɔ.
Pɩnaɣ 1788 kɛ sɔɔja sɔsɔ weyi Arthur Phillip yɔ ɛya tɛtʊ tʊnɛ kɛ tɩ-hɩɖɛ nɖɩ paɖɩɩna-tʊ yaʊ sɔnɔ yɔ. Ɛlɛ ɖʊ hɩɖɛ kɛ Piritaaniki minisri weyi ɛcɔŋna ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʊ taa ɖiu ɖiu caɣʊ yɔ nɛ payaɣ-ɩ se Thomas Towshend yɔ.


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Pʊtɔma kalʊʊ
Pʊtɔma kalʊʊ, tɔmpiye nɖɩ ɖɩwɛna tɔbɩŋ nɩɣ ndɩ ndɩ, tɔm kɛdʊʊ-ɖʊ se ɖɩlɩna latɛŋ kʊnʊŋ tɛ kɛnɛ probabilitas, kɛlɛ ɛha siɣye nɛ tɔmpiye ndɩ ɖɩɖɩ paya-ɖɩ se tovonum yɔ, pɩkɛ kpeɣʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ. Kpeɣʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩpɩsɩ piliŋa sɔsɔ nakayɛ kɛ tʊʊzʊʊ hɔɔlʊʊ taa kɛlɛ paya se kpeɣʊʊ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ.
Wɛɛ kpeɣʊʊ tɔm kɛ ñʊʊ siŋ ŋgʊ kɩwɛ kpaɣ 0 ŋtalɩ 1. Yee ñʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩkpaɣla, mbʊ ɖɔɖɔ ɖʊzɩm pɩzɩɣ kɩpaɣlɩ yaa ñʊʊ leleŋ ɖɔʊ, nɛ mbʊ ɖɔɖɔ wɛɛ paɣlʊʊ. Akpeɣ tʊmɩyɛ ɖɩtatɩɩ leɖɩta tʊʊzʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ tɩnaa cɔlɔ. Kpeɣʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩpaɣlɩ lɔŋ lɔŋ kpaɣ kpaɣɖʊ 18 wɛɛ taa pɩtɩŋna yem kpɛlɛkɩtʊ yɔɔ kɔzɩ kɔzɩ putoyidaa aleɣya yɔɔ. Mbʊ yebina nɛ tʊʊzʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ tɩnaa ka ñʊʊ piŋ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-yɔɔ kɛlɛ pɩkɔɔ pɩwazɩɣ hɔɔlɩŋ lɛɛŋ ndɩ ndɩ taa ɛzɩ ɛsɔkaɣ taa ɖɔnɛ kpɛlɛkʊʊ, liidiye hɔɔlʊʊ taa yaa kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ hɔɔlʊʊ.
Ɖʊzʊʊ tɔmʊʊ lɩwa, kajalaɣ kɛ kpɛɣʊʊ kpɛlɛkɩtʊ ɖeɖe lɛ, ɖɩlɩ kpaɣɖʊ 12 wɛɛ taa, se pɩsa nɛ patakɩ tadɩyɛ nɩnaʊ tɔm nɛ Pierre Jean Olivi nɩnaʊ tɔm, nɛ ɖɩpaɣlɩ kpaɣɖʊ 16, alɩwaatʊ ndʊ pekpeɣli nesi ñɩɣ takayasɩ kpeekpe pɩlɩna teŋuu nɔɔ tɔm yɔɔ. Maɣzɩm cikpem nabʊyʊ pɩlɩna Girolamo Cardano yɔɔ kpaɣ kpaɣɖʊ 16 wɛɛ taa, nɛ Galilée kpaɣɖʊ 17, keekee tɛ kpaɣʊʊ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ tɔm lɩ kpaɣ Pierre de Fermat nɛ Blaise Pascal pɛ-ɛgbaɣdɩyɛ alɩwaatʊ ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1654.
Pɩkɔma kpaɣɖʊ 17 hɛkʊ naalɛ ŋgʊ wɛɛ taa pɩlɩna Blaise Pascal, Pierre Fermat ñɩnʊ nɛ Christian Huygens tʊma yɔɔ pɩlɩna pɩfɛyɩ camɩyɛ hɔɔlɩŋ tɔm labɩtʊ yɔɔ kɛ pʊtɔma kalʊʊ tɔmpiye ñɔɔ pazɩ pazɩ wobu yɔɔ, nɛ ɖɔɖɔ tʊʊzʊʊ ɛsɩndaa wobu yɔɔ kɛ pʊtʊ yɔɔ pɩtɩŋna Jacob Bernouilli yɔɔ. Kpaɣɖʊ 18 lɛ Gabriel Cramer wɩlɩ tɔm natʊyʊ pɩlɩna cɔlɩyɛ pʊtɔma kalʊʊ nɛ tɩpɩsɩ kiɖe Diderot ɛsakuliye takayaɣ cɔlɔ, pama-kɛ kpaɣɖʊ kʊyʊmʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-tɛ tɛmtʊ alɩwaatʊ taa.
Haŋ tɛɛ kpazɩyʊ sɔsɔ kɔyɔ Pascal, kɛlɛ Christian Huygens susi De ratiociniis in ludo aleae tɔm (pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se mɩkaɣ yɔɔ tʊmɩyɛ labʊ) pɩnaɣ 1657. Takayaɣ kɩkalaɣ ŋga kiɖe piŋ kɛ pʊtɔma kalʊʊ ɖeɖe.


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Sɩm
Palʊlʊʊ ɛyʊ nɛ ɛcaɣ wezuu. Alɩwaatʊ ndʊ ɛyʊ feziɣ, ɛtɔkɩ nɛ ɛñɔʊ yɔ, pɔtɔŋ se ɛcaɣ wezuu. Yee alɩwaatʊ natʊyʊ eyeba fezuu nɛ ɛ-tomnaɣ eeciidiɣ nɛ ɛ-ñamɩyɛ ɛɛñaŋ kɔyɔ, pɔtɔŋ se ɛsɩba. Kpaɣ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ palʊlʊʊ ɛyʊ nɛ powolo pɩsɩɩna alɩwaatʊ ndʊ ɛsɩba yɔ payaɣ se wezuu caɣʊ. Wezuu caɣʊ alɩwaatʊ taa ɛyʊ pɩzɩɣ ɛla mbʊ ɛsɔɔlaa yɔ, ɛtɔkɩ nɛ ɛñɔɔ. Ɛlɛ, alɩwaatʊ ndʊ ɛyʊ yeki fezuu, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se ɛ-ñamɩyɛ ɛɛtasɩɣ ñam, ɛ-kalɩzaɣ lɩ e-tomnaɣ taa yɔ pɔtɔŋ se ɛsɩba.
Toovenum lɛ, pʊdʊnaa naadozo kpɛndɩna nɛ pɩla ɛyʊ, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se ɛyʊ wɛ tam naadozo taa : tomnaɣ, fezuu nɛ ciyam yaa kalɩzaɣ. Ɛsɔ nuuti cʊʊ nɛ ɛmana ɛyʊ nɛ ehosi ɛ-nɔɔŋ tɛɛ nɛ ɛha-ɩ fezuu. Ɛsɔ ma ɛyʊ ɛ-lɛzʊʊ, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se ɛyʊ wɛna ciyam. Ciyam ŋgʊʊ lalaa yaɣ se kalɩzaɣ. Pʊdʊnaa naadozo mba pɛkpɛndɩna nɛ pacaɣ wezuu. Pʊdʊnaa naadozo mba pa-taa lɛ, tomnaɣ ɖeke panaɣna ɛsa pe. Alɩwaatʊ ndʊ ɛyʊ fezuu yɔ, pɔtɔŋ se ɛcaɣ wezuu. Alɩwaatʊ ndʊ ɛyʊ yeki fezuu yɔ, pɔtɔŋ se ɛsɩba. Ciyam lɩɣ tomnaɣ taa nɛ piyele pakpaɣ tomnaɣ pepi nɛ kapɩsɩ mʊzʊʊ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ ka-mayʊ kɔyɔɔdʊʊ. Ɛlɛ kɔyɔɔdaa se ɛyʊ kɛ mʊzʊʊ nɛ ɛkaɣ pɩsɩʊ mʊzʊʊ. Ciyam lɩɣ tomnaɣ taa mbʊ lɛ, kɩpɩsɩ kɩ-mayʊ cɔlɔ. Pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se ciyam ɛɛsɩkɩ.


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Maŋganɛzɩ
Maganɛzɩ kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayzɣ kɔyɔ 25 nɛ yʊsaɣ mayaɣ kɔyɔ Mn. Maganɛzɩ tonʊʊ kɛlɛʊ kɛ ñɩɣlɩm wonuu kɩɖɛzɩɣ. Sʊyɛdɩ ñɩɣlɩm tɛtʊ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ nɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ tɔm wɩlɩɣ maganɛzɩ kɛ ɛ-tɛ nɛ ɔkɩsɩzɛnɩ nɛ maganɛzɩ tɛ yaa magnesia nigra latɛŋ kʊnʊŋ taa. Kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ lɛ pama-ɩ se MnO2. Pʊtʊ ɛnʊ paasɩma-ɩ ɖooo canaʊ nɛ ɛ-hɩɖɛ lɩna lydi tɛtʊ taa kɛnɛ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ nɖɩ palakaɣna tadɩyɛ.
Kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkɩyʊ Bergman paɣzɩ labʊ tʊmɩyɛ pɩlɩna ɔkɩsɩzɛnɩ nɛ maganɛzɩ kɩkpɛdɩɣ yɔɔ nɛ ekpekiɣ pʊtʊ nɔyʊ tɔm weyi patatɩɩsɩmta-ɩ yɔ, e-sukuli pɩɣa sɔsɔɣa Carl Wilhelm Scheele kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkɩyʊ kɛna kajalaɣ tʊ weyi ɛnaa se maganɛzɩ kɛ pʊtʊ ɛgbam tʊ, yee palakɩ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ ɔkɩsɩzɛnɩ nɛ maganɛzɩ kɩkpɛdɩɣ se palɩzɩ ɔkɩsɩzɛnɩ fefekiŋ wondu, ɔkɩsɩzɛnɩ pɩnaɣ 1773 nɛ klɔrɩ pɩnaɣ 1774, ɔkɩsɩzɛnɩ fefeku ŋgʊ wayi wayi Lavoisier ya-kʊ hɩɖɛ yɔ.
Klaproth ɖaɣnɩ paɣzɩ ɛ-maɣmaɣ ɛ-laɣsɩ nɛ ɛya-ɩ hɩɖɛnɛ latɛŋ kʊnʊŋ taa se magnesium nɛ Caama kʊnʊŋ taa se das Magnesium ɛlɛ ɖɛʊ taa yem, ŋgʊ Humphrey Davy ñaaya magnium lɛ pʊtʊ nɛ e-tomnaɣ kɛlɛʊ mañɛzɩyɔm nɔɔnɔɔ alɩwaatʊ taa. Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkɩyʊ Guyton Morveau tʊ ñaha-ɩ hɩɖɛ mbilim alɩwaatʊ ndʊ ɛyaɣa hɩla pʊtʊnaa hɩla yaʊ tʊmɩyɛ alɩwaatʊ se maganɛzɩ ɛlɛ pɩnaɣ 1785, ɛlɛ ɛkpaɣ fransɩɩ tɔmʊʊ maganɛzɩ nɖɩ ɖɩɩwɛ ɖooo kpaɣɖʊ 16 wɛɛ taa nɛ ɖɩwɩlɩɣ ɛyaa mba palakaɣ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ ɔkɩsɩzɛnɩ nɛ maganɛzɩ kɩkpɛdɩɣ yɔ.
Ñɩɣtʊ miŋ yɛlɩnaʊ wɛtʊ ndʊ sakɩyɛ pɛkpɛndɩɣ-tʊ nɛ ñɩɣyʊ tɛ ɔkɩzɛnɩ yɔ paasɩma-tʊ ɖooo lɔŋ, krɛkɩ nɛ latɛŋ abalɩtɔmʊʊ magnes, magnetis, nabʊyʊ taa lɛ magnetem yaa magnes lapis ɖɩlɩyɛ kʊyʊm, kaakɛ ñɩɣtʊ hɔm wonuu, ɔkɩsɩzɛnɩ nɛ maganɛzɩ pɩyɛ yaa ñɩɣtʊ hɔm pɩyɛ, hɔŋaɣ nɛ ɖoŋ, ŋgʊ halɩ tɔmʊʊ magnes(ia) kaakɛ pɩyʊ keeke. magnesia nigra, kpanjaɣ ñɩɣlɩm tɛtʊ pɩyʊ pindimm, paɖʊwaɣa-ɩ nabʊyʊ taa ɛzɩ ɛwɛʊ yɔ yaa pɛlɛzɩ-ɩ kɛ cʊʊ taa, palaka-ɩ tʊmɩyɛ ɖooo pʊcɔ canaʊ tɔm alɩwaatʊ kɛ akalɩŋ taa halɩ pɩcɛza pɩnzɩ kudokiŋ 17 mbʊ yɔ.


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Goethe
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe kɛna weyi ɛma takayasɩ nzɩ ɛya pɩzɩɣ pɔyɔɔdɩ sɩ-yɔɔ tɔm sakɩyɛ yɔ. Ɛ-takayɛsɩ nzɩ, sɩyɔɔdɩɣ caanaʊ tɔm yaa tɔm ndʊ sɩkɛdɩɣ tɔm ndɩ ndɩ yɔ. Ɛ-takayasɩ nzɩ, sɩtama-ɩ nɛ lalaa takayasɩ, ɛzɩ Sturm und Drang nɛ classicisme de Weimar (Weimarer Klassik). Physique taa lɛ, ɛlɩza mʊntʊsʊʊ tɛ théorie nɛ tomnaɣ yɔɔ lɛ, ɛna se ɛyʊ tamaɣ taa nɛ mɔɔyɛ naɖɩyɛ. Payaɣ ɛzɩ ɛwɛ Illuminés de Bavière waat aa nɛ ɛɛsɔʊ Hafez yɔɔ.
Ɛma takayasɩ cabɩ nɛ sɩ-taa kɔyɔ: Souffrances du jeune Werther (Die Leiden des jungen Werthers), Les Affinités électives (Wahlverwandtschaften), Faust I et II, Les Années d'apprentissage de Wilhelm Meister (Wilhelm Meisters Lehrjahre). Pɩtasɩɩna sɩ-ɖeke, ɛma keesɩ takayasɩ ɖɔɖɔ; nɛ sɩ-taa lɛ atʊwa nɛ tɔm ntɩ ntɩ wɛɛ ɛlɛ caama kʊnʊŋ taa kɛ sɩkɩla wɛʊ. Sɩ-sɩ yɔ: Willkommen und Abschied (« Es schlug mein Herz, geschwind zu Pferde / es war getan fast eh gedacht »), Mignon (« kennst du das Land wo die Zitronen blühn… », pʊtɔbʊʊ se, ŋsɩma ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa akaŋganaa hɔʊ camɩyɛ yɔ), Le Roi des aulnes (« Wer reitet so spät durch Nacht und Wind / es ist der Vater mit seinem Kind… ») Der König in Thule nɛ ŋkpaɣ ŋɖɛɛ.
Ɛ-ɖɩlɩyɛ nɛ e-efebutu[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Goethe waa kɛna ɛyaa mba palɩna Thuringe hɔɔlʊ taa yɔ. Ɛlɛ pʊcɔ nɛ palʊlʊ Johann Wolfgang lɛ, paawɛ Francfort ɖɩɣa taa, ɖenɖe payaɣ sɔnɔ se Goethe-Haus . payaɣ ɛ-caa se Johann Caspar Goethe (1710-1782), ɛɛkɛ tɔm hʊyʊ nɛ e-wezu caɣʊ taa lɛ, ɛɛkpaɣ alɩwaatʊ sakɩyɛ nɛ ɛtʊlɩ tɔm hʊʊ kʊdʊyʊ nɛ ɛyaa kʊ se Histoire naturelle kʊdʊyʊʊ.
Ɛzɩ René Berthelot yɔɔdɩɣ yɔ, ɛkalɩzaɣ kɛ sciences yɔɔ yebɩna nɛ ɛ-ñʊʊ taa lɔŋ nɛ ɛ-tɛ filozofii pakpa ɖɔŋ sɩŋŋŋ. Ɛkɛ ɛyʊ weyi ɛsɔɔla cɔʊ ajɛya taa sakɩyɛ yɔ nɛ ɛɛma takayaɣ nakɛyɛ nɛ pɩnaɣ 1932 kɛ posusa ka-taa tɔm. Payaɣ e-ɖoo se Catharina Elisabeth Goethe (1731-1808) kɛ Textor tɛtʊ taa; ɛlɛ sɔɔla wɔndʊ sʊʊ tɔm kamaɣ fɛyɩ. E-ɖoo ɛnʊ ɛwala lɔŋ sɩnɖʊ Goethe kɛ pɩŋzɩ 17 taa, ŋgʊ ɛ-walʊ ɛnʊ ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 38. Johann Wolfgang nɛ ɛ-caa pataahaɣ mɩŋ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ ɛɛkɩla ñaŋ. Pa-ñɩma cɔlɔ lɛ, Johann Wolfgang (ɛkɛ pɩɣa naalɛ ŋga) nɛ e-neu Cornelia Friderike Christina (palʊla-ɩ saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ 7 wiye pɩnaɣ 1750) pa-naalɛ kɛ pɩkazaa; paa pɩnaɣ 1758 taa kpɩzɩm kaakpɛngɛsa-ɩ ɛzɩma kɔyɔ.
Ɛkʊyaa lɛ, ɛkpɛlɛka kʊnʊmɩŋ sakɩyɛ ɛzɩ Krɛsɩ, Latɛŋ, Fransɩ, Engilisi nɛ Hebra. Ɛkpɛlɛka patʊ nɛ ɛsɔɔlɩ tɩ-tɔm, ɛsɩma équitation nɛ escrime ɖɔɖɔ camɩyɛ. Pɩtɩŋga mbʊ yɔ, ɛ-caa weyi ɛtɔsɔɔlɩɛ-tɔm mbʊ yɔ, ɛnʊ ɛkpɛlɛkɩna-ɩ ɛlɛ e-ɖoo tɔm kpem kɛ ɛkɩlɩ sɔɔlɩɣ nɛ ɛnʊ ɖɔɖɔ ɛwakɩ tɩŋgɩɣ. Pɩwɛɛ mbʊ kpem lɛ, ɛ-taa tatɩɩ fɛyɩ leleŋ wiɖii kaʊ. Ɛlɛ e-sukili lɛɛza-ɩ kamaɣ fɛyɩ: Eyeba you tɔm nɛ ɛpɩsɩ pɩɣa ŋga kɛwɛna ñamtʊ camɩyɛ yɔ; ɛɛlazɩɣ tɔm ndʊ pawɩla-ɩ yɔ ɖɔkɩɣ; ɛsɔɔla anjaʊwaa lɩzɩʊ tɔm ɛlɛ wondʊ teu tɔm lɛ, ɛɛpɩzɩɣ tʊtʊ. Pɩnzɩ lʊbɛ tɛ you yebina nɛ pɩmalɩna-ɩ nɛ Fransɩ tɛ tɩlɩtʊ nɛ pɛ-wɛɖɩɣ sʊʊna-ɩfɩbɩ. Sɔɔja weyi payaɣ-ɩ se comte de Thorane yɔ, ɛɛcaɣ pɛ-tɛ Goethe kɛ pɩnaɣ 1759, ŋgʊ France sɔɔjanaa ñaawɛ Francfort. Thorance nɛ Goethe caa paakɛ taabalaa nɛ pʊyɔɔ lɛ ɛ-caa ɛnʊ, ɛsɩna Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa ñɩma you kɛ ɖenɖe payaɣ se Rossbach yɔ. Pɩla mbʊ lɛ, ɛ-ɛtɩ Textor ñataasɔɔlɩ se ɛsɩna-wɛ. Pa-tabalɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-yɔɔ kɛ ɛ-pɩyalʊ Johann Goethe pɩzaa nɛ e-wolo wiyau Germouanie Joseph II kɛ pɩnaɣ 1764.


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Léonard de Vinci
Palʊla Léonard de Vinci kɛ ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 15 wiye pɩnaɣ 1452 kɛ Vinsi tɛtʊ taa nɛ ɛsɩ agoza fenaɣ kɩyakʊ naalɛ ŋgʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 1519 kɛ Tʊrɛɛnɩ tɛtʊ taa, Italii ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛ-hɩɖɛ sɔsɔyɛ kɔyɔ Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci. Alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɛsɩkaɣ mbʊ yɔ ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 67.
Sɔdʊ kʊnɛ kɩkɛna weyi ɛ-lɩmaaza wɛ paa tʊmɩyɛ nɖɩ lɛ ɖɩ-taa. Ɛkɛna ñɩnɩyʊ, manzʊmalɩɩ nɛ wendu teyʊ, tamaɣ lɩzɩyʊ, tomnasɩ ñɩnɩʊ tʊ, tomnasɩ ɖɔnɛ kpɛlɛkɩyʊ, weyi ɛñɔɔzʊ ɛsɩyɛ egbena nɛ kazandu ñɔɔzɩtʊ tʊ, ɛkɛna ɖɔɖɔ soo maɖʊ. Pɩtasɩɩna piɖekɛ, ɛkɛna lakɩŋ nɛ tɩŋ sɔʊ yɔɔ cɔnɩyʊ, tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ ɛsɩnda wobu tʊ, luɖu, tɔlɩm tayʊ, ñʊʊ taa maazɩm ɛyʊ, saayʊ, kpalahʊwa lʊyʊ, keesi maɖʊ, ɛlaba sukuli ŋgʊ kɩ-taa pɛkpɛlɛkʊ ɛyʊ tomnaɣ tɔm yɔ nɛ ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ roomamaŋ zʊlɩmɩyɛ taa takayaɣ kɩkalaɣ mayʊ.
Ɛ-pɩcatʊ taa ɛɛwɛ Vinsi tɛtʊ taa, Italii ɛjadɛ taa nɛ ɛla sukuli kɛ sɔdʊ ŋgʊ payaɣèkʊ se Andrea del Verrocchio kɛ Florantɛŋ tɛtʊ taa. Ɛlɛ ñɛkɛna sayʊ nɛ tɔlɩm tayʊ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʊ.


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Utaa
Utaa kɛna Etaazunii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ cikpetʊ natʊyʊ. Nɛ Etazuunii ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ ajɛya cikpena naayɛ nɩɩnɩwa kpɛndɩna nɛ aɖʊ nɔɔ nɛ awɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ taa kpaɩ. Etaazunii tɔbʊʊ nɛ kabɩyɛ taa se ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ. Uta taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Salt Lake City nɛ tɩ-taa ɖɔɖɔ kɛ ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ.
Pamaza Utaa ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ taa lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ ɛzɩ 220 080 km2 nɛ ɖenɖe tɛtʊ ñabɩ wɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 212 988 km2 yɔ nɛ ɖenɖe lɩm ñɛwɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe ñɛwɛʊ ɛzɩ 7 092 km2 yɔ pʊtɔbʊʊ se pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 3.22 yɔ kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩkɛŋna 45 ñɩnɖɛ ɛyaa ɖɔʊ taa kɛ Etazuunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ kpeekpe taa.
Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɖɩ kɛŋna ɛjaɖɛ 45 ñɩnɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩsʊ Etaazunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊɣ ŋgbɛyɛ taa yɔ. Ɛlɛ pɩɩkɛ kɔlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ naaza ŋgʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 1896. Pɩnaɣ 2010 taa paakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ paana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 2 763 885 yɔ.
Payaɣ Uta ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-ñʊʊdʊ se Gary Herbert (R) piyele nɛ komina ñʊndinaa kɔyɔ: Orrin Hatch (R) nɛ Mike Lee (R).
Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, ŋgʊ lɛ yɔ Eŋgilisi.


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Naŋgbaŋʊʊ
Naŋgbaŋʊʊ kɛna ɛyʊ yaa tɛtɛ kpɩnɛ yʊʊ yɔ hɔɔlʊ ŋgʊ kɛwɛ nimaɣ nɛ lɩkpaɣzasɩ pɛhɛkʊ taa yɔ. Yee ɛsɩyɛ wɩlɩɣna ɛyʊ se pʊnɛ pɩsɛwa yaa pipiya, pɩpaɣlaa yaa pɩwɛ ñɩɩ, pɩwɛ poliŋ yaa pɩñɔtinaa, pɩkpeetaa yaa pɩwɛ caŋgaliii kɔyɔ, naŋ,gbaŋgʊʊ yekina nɛ ɛyʊ nɩɩ se tɔm tʊnɛ kɛ pɔyɔɔdaa, pʊtɔbʊ kɔyɔ, pʊnɛ pitiluu yaa piitiluu, pʊnɛ piwuu yeŋŋ yaa pitiluu kpooluu.
Cɔnaʊ taa yem lɛ, naŋgbaŋʊʊ wɛna tɔnʊʊ nakʊyʊ fɛŋgɛlɩm nɛŋgʊ hʊʊzʊna naŋgbaŋʊʊ maɣmaɣ yɔɔ. Ɛzɩ ɛsɛ ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, ɛyʊ wɛna naŋgbaaŋ naalɛ. Naŋgbaŋʊʊ wɛna hɔɔlɩŋ sɔsɔŋ naalɛ: naŋgbaɖɛɣtʊ yaa naŋgbatɔndʊ nɛ naŋgbaŋʊʊ taa maɣmaɣ. Naŋgbatɔndʊ wɛna hɔɔlɩŋ naalɛ ɖɔɖɔ: kacalaɣ ñɩŋgʊ lɛ tɔndʊ ndʊ panaɣ-tʊ nɛ tɩwɛ cɔndʊlʊm cʊndʊlʊm yɔ. Nɛ hɔɔlʊʊ naalɛ ŋgʊ lɛ ŋgʊ kakpakɩɣ tɔm nɛ kɩtaŋna ɛyʊ nɛ ɛnɩɣʊ yɔ.
Kabɩyɛ taa sɩŋŋŋ lɛ, pɔtɔma se pɔhɔma nɔɔyʊ naŋgbaŋʊʊ kɔyɔ, pʊtɔbʊʊ se, pokota ɛñʊʊ taa yaa panaza-ɩ yaa ɛzɩɖɔɖɔ paɖʊ-ɩ kʊñɔŋ nakʊyʊ pɩlɩna mbʊ ɛlaba nɛ pɩfɛyɩ ɖeu yɔ pʊ-yɔɔ. Ɛzɩ paa ɛyʊ piliŋa nga yɔ, naŋgbaŋʊʊ tɔɔsɔɔlɩ asulima nɛ kʊtɔmɩŋ nɩyɛ sakɩyɛ wɛɛ nɛ ɛpɩzɩɣʊ nɛ ɩkɔna ɛyʊ kɛ ndamtʊ.
Pɩwɛ mbʊ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, pɩtɛkɛ ɛyaa mba pɛwɛna nɩŋgbaaŋ yɔ patɩŋa panɩɣna. Nabɛyɩ wɛɛ lɛ palʊla-wɛ ndamaa nɛ lalaa lɛ, kʊtɔmɩŋ yebina nɛ patamɩ. Pɩtɛ. Ɛyʊ ɛtamaa, ɛtasɩɣ pɩzɩɣʊ nɛ ɛyɔɔdɩ kpayɩ kpayɩ.


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Miŋ
Miŋ kɛ wazaɣ pʊyʊ siŋŋ. Ɛwazɩ pɩdɩɩfɛyɛ. Miŋ patɩzɩɣna tɔɔnasɩ tɩŋa. Ɛlɛ, ɛkɛ sɩm ɖɔɖɔ. Ɛpɩzɩɣ eyele nɛ kedeŋa kpeekpe wɛɛkɩ. Miŋ haɣ ñalɩmɩyɛ, wɩsɩ ha ñalɩmɩyɛ, fenaɣ ha ñalɩmɩyɛ, tɩnzɩ ha ɖɔɖɔ ñalɩmɩyɛ. Ɛlɛ, mbʊ pɩhaɣ yaa pɩkɔŋna ñalɩmɩyɛ kedeŋa yɔɔ cɩnɛ mbʊ yɔ pɩ-taa payɩ lɛ, miŋ kɩlɩna ɖoŋ. Pʊcɔ nɛ Ɛsɔ wɩlɩɣ ɛyʊ lɛɣtʊ ndʊ ɛkpaɣna nɛ ɛlɩzɩ miŋ yɔɔ lɛ, ɖɔ-cɔzɔnaa tatɩzɩɣ tɔɔnasɩ. Pɔtɔkaɣ tɩŋ pe nɛ hayɩm taa tɔɔnasɩ kɩtatɩzʊʊ. Halɩ pɔtɔkaɣ nandʊ maɣmaɣ kɩtatɩzʊʊ. Pʊwayɩ lɛ, Ɛsɔ ha ɛyʊ lɛɣtʊ natʊyʊ nɛ elu miŋ.
Ɖɔ-cɔzɔnaa cɔnaa se pɛkɛtɩɣ pɩjakpalɩma naalɛ nɛ ɖama lɛ, mamatʊsɩ lɩɣ yʊbʊlɛɛ. Pʊ-yɔɔ patɩŋnaa nɛ pala lɩmaɣzɛ se yee pasɩ kpootu nɛ pɛkɛtɩ pɩjakpalɩma nɛ ɖama nɛ mamatʊsɩ nzɩ sɩlɩɣ yɔ, sɩtɔlɩ kpootu ndʊ tɩ-yɔɔ yɔ, kpootu mʊʊ. Nabʊyʊ taa kɔyɔ, pakpakɩɣ pɩjakpalɩmɩyɛ nɛ pɛkɛtɩna nɛ hakuu ñɩɣyʊʊ yɔɔ nɛ mamatʊsɩ lɩɩ nɛ pʊtɔlɩ kpootu yɔɔ nɛ tʊtʊ mʊ miŋ. Pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se soŋaɣ sɔsaɣ nakɛyɛ yekina nɛ miŋ mʊʊ. Soŋaɣ ŋga ka-taa wɛ hakuu.


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Ɖama nɩnaʊ takayaɣ (Traité)
Ɖama nɩnaʊ takayaɣ kɛ nɩnaʊ tɔm sakɩyɛ ajɛyɛ kpeekpe waɖɛ yɔ. Nɩnaʊ kɩmamatʊ wɩlɩɣ sɔlɩm tɩnaa tɛ nɩnaʊ wɛtʊ pɩlɩna waɖɛ tɔmpee yɔ se pɩsa nɛ palɩzɩɣ tɔm hʊʊ waɖɛ pɩtɩŋna kedeŋga kpeekpe waɖɛ cɔlɔ.
Ɖama nɩnaʊ takayaɣ kɛ ɖama mʊnaʊ tɛ hɩɖɛ pɩlɩna tɔmpee sakɩyɛ hɛkʊ taa lɩmazɩyɛ yɔɔ kedeŋga kpeekpe ajɛyaa waɖɛ yɔɔ. Nɩnaʊ kɩmamatʊ wɩlɩɣ sɔlɩm tɛ mʊnaʊ kɛ waɖɛ tɔmpee yɔɔ se pɩsa nɛ palɩzɩɣ tɔm hʊʊ tɛ waɖɛ pɩtɩŋna ajɛyaa kpeekpe tɛ waɖɛ yɔɔ. Ajɛyaa kpeekpe samaɣ waɖɛ tɛ nɩnaʊ takayaɣ kɛ ɖama mʊnaʊ tɛ hɩɖɛ.
Yeke koŋ pɩzɩɣ nɛ pala mʊnaʊ lɩmaɣzaa yɔɔ mba lɛ ɛyaa mba pɛwɛna maɣzɩm kɩbam cɩɖɩ cɩɖɩ yɔ yaa pasɩma lɔŋ siŋ pɩlɩna ajɛyaa kpeekpe waɖɛ yɔɔ yɔ nɛ pɛwɛna Treaty Making Power yɔ (TMP). Sakɩyɛ taa lɛ, pɩkɛ ajɛyaa, ɛlɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɛyaa mba pɛwɛ lɔŋ piŋ yɔ, ɛzɩ ajɛyɛ hɛkʊ taa aŋgba sɔsɔna naayɛ pɩzɩɣ ala lɩmaɣza ana. Ɖɩkpaɣ ɛzɩ ɖama nɩnaʊ takayaɣ (laŋhɛzɩyɛ ŋga) Pyrénée waa tɛ ɖama nɩnaʊ takayaɣ.
Pahaɣ siye nabʊyʊ taa ɖama nɩnaʊ takayasɩ, tam lɛ ɖama mʊnaʊ takayasɩ nɛ ɛjaɖɛ paɣtʊ takayaɣ. Kajalaɣ mba kɛ tɔm hʊʊ waɖɛ laɣsɩ nzɩ sɩwɩlɩɣ lɛɛzɛ wɛtʊ cɔlɩyɛ. Tɔm hʊʊ waɖɛ tɛ lɛ waɖɛ wetʊ wɛ kɩmaŋ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɩkpɩtʊ tɩ-tɩ yɔ. Kɩtɩŋgɩtʊ ñɛwɛ kaaa tɛ cɔlɩyɛ taa. Mbʊ pʊyɔɔ ɛyaa tisuu ɛɛɛɛ yaa aayɩɩ paɣtʊ takayaɣ ŋga pɛcɛɛ-wɛ pɩtɩŋna sɔsɔtʊ yɔɔ sɔsɔ nɔyʊʊ cɔlɔ.
Ɖɩcɔna kɔyɔ, tɔm hʊʊ tɛ tɔm taa lɩzɩɣ kɛ kʊyʊmʊm ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ ɖama nɩnaʊ takayasɩ nɛ ɖama mʊnaʊ takayasɩ nzɩ pɛtɛza sɩ-lɩmaɣza se sɩkɛ paɣtʊ takayasɩ nɛ takayasɩ lɛɛsɩ nzɩ sɩkɛ paɣtʊ labʊ tɛ nɛ paɣtʊ ɖɔnɛ tɛ nɛ paɣtʊ lɩzɩɣ tɛ nɛ kewiyaɣ paɣtʊ kɩkpaɣtʊ tɛ nɛ tɔm sɩzɩtʊ tɛ nɛ ŋgbaɣ nɖɛ.
Pɩkɛ ɖama nɩnaʊ tɛ pʊyʊ mbʊ lɛ, nɩnaʊ takayaɣ taa pɩzɩɣ pɩwɛ lɩmaɣza paa ndɩ, ɛzɩ kajalaɣ ɖama nɩnaʊ takayasɩ pɩzɩɣ se pʊɖɔɔ ɛzɩ pɩkɛʊ kewiyaɣ Ajɛyɛ yɔ. Ajɛyɛ naayɛ paɣtʊ ɖʊ se ɖama nɩnaʊ takayasɩ paɣtʊ ɛña paɣtʊ takayasɩ tɔm. Pʊnɔmɔʊ taa lɛ, ɖama nɩnaʊ takayasɩ wɛna ɛjaɖɛ paɣtʊ keem nɛ pɩtɛɛ nɛ paɣtʊ labʊ tɛ nɛ pʊyɔɔ kɛ kpaɣɖʊ yɔɔ wɛtʊ taa.
Mbʊ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ ɖama nɩnaʊ nabʊyʊ wɛ, ajɛyɛ ɖama nɩnaʊ ndʊ tɩcɔɔ nɛ tɩ-taa nɩnaʊ takayasɩ lɛɛsɩ lɩmaɣza tɛzʊʊ yɔ yɔ, mbʊ pakɩlɩ tɩlɩɣ yɔ lɛ Fɩyɛɛnɩ tɛ ŋgʊ pɩnaɣ 1969 tɛ ɖama nɩnaʊ, yaa ɖama nɩnaʊ taa ɖama nɩnaʊ. Mbʊ lɛ, Itaalii ɛjaɖɛ taa lɛ, paɖanɩɣ kpaʊ ajɛyɛ sakɩyɛ tɛ ɖama nɩnaʊ takayasɩ nzɩ pañɩɣʊ sɩ-taa nesi nɛ petisi sɩ-yɔɔ yɔ pɩtɩŋna pɩtaa paɣtʊ (pʊdʊna naalɛ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ lʊbɩnaʊ) nɛ pɛwɛna mbʊ lɛ, paɣtʊ keem nɛ paɖʊ-tʊ pɩ-taa tɔm hʊʊ nɔmɔʊ taa.


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Ɛbɛ ɖɩla nɛ ɖɩwɛɛ Ɛsɔ sɔɔlɩm taa?
BIBL KPƐLƖKƲƲ TƐ VIDEOWAA ÐƖÑƖNƖYƐ
Ñʋʋ 1 Ɛsɔ sɔɔlɩm wɛɣ tam
Yehowa kaɣ-ŋ sɩnʋʋ
Ñʋʋ 2 Ðɩwɛɛnɩ ɛhʋyɛ kɩbanɖɛ Ɛsɔ ɛsɩndaa
« Gardez une bonne conscience »
Pʋcɔ nɛ ŋñɔɔ sʋlʋm lɛ, maɣzɩ mbʋ pɩpɩzɩɣ pɩla pʋwayɩ yɔ pɩ-yɔɔ
Ñʋʋ 3 Lɩzɩ taabalaa mba pɔsɔɔlɩ Ɛsɔ yɔ
Ŋpɩzɩɣ nɛ ŋhiɣ taabalaa ɖenɖe ŋtɩɖʋna yɔ
Kpɛlɩkɩ ɛzɩma ŋse taabalɩyɛ kɩdɛkɛdɩyɛ yɔ
Fernando Casillas: Mon gang, c’était ma religion
Ñʋʋ 4 Ɛbɛ yɔɔ pɩwɛɛ se ɖɩña ñʋndɩnaa?
Mʋ lɔŋ tasʋʋ nɛ ŋpɩsɩ lɔŋsɩnɖʋ
Wɛɛnɩ ñamtʋ mba patɩɩlakɩ tʋma naayɛ yɔ pɔ-yɔɔ
Ñʋʋ 5 Ɛzɩma ɖɩpɩzɩɣ ɖiposi ɖa-tɩ nɛ ɛjaɖɛ?
Lʋ ñe-tisuu yɔɔ paa pakaɖɩɣnɩ-ŋ yɔ
Geoffrey W. Jackson: Ɛbɛ yɔɔ pɩcɛyɩ kpem se ɖɩtaaɖʋ nɔɔ ɛjaɖɛ tɔm taa? (Mik. 4:2)
Taaɖʋ ñɔ-nɔɔ ɛjaɖɛ tɔm taa alɩwaatʋ ndʋ palakɩ ɛjaɖɛ sɔnzɩ nasɩyɩ yɔ
Afrique du Sud : Ils ont soutenu le Royaume de Dieu en restant neutres
Ñʋʋ 6 Ɛzɩma pɩwɛɛ se ɖɩlɩzɩ aleɣya wena ɖɩlakɩ yɔ
Aleɣya wena pɩwɛɛ se malɩzɩ?
Peter Zak: J’ai trouvé la véritable satisfaction
Ñʋʋ 7 Ŋwɛnɩ ñamtʋ wezuu yɔɔ ɛzɩ Ɛsɔ yɔ?
Ɛzɩ Ɛsɔ yɔ wezuu ɛmʋ ñɩm ñɛ-ɛsɩndaa
‘Ðɔ nɛ pitaatuuli-ŋ’
Ñʋʋ 8 Yehowa sɔɔlaa se ɛ-sɛyaa ɩwɛɛ kele kele
Ɛsɔ sɔɔlɩ mba pɛwɛ cɩɖɩ cɩɖɩ yɔ
Stephen Lett : Gagnons notre combat intérieur (Rɔm. 7:23)
Pɩwɛɛ se ɖise seya nɛ tɩ ɖɔkʋʋ—Hayɩsɩ ña-tɩ camɩyɛ
Ñʋʋ 9 ‘Ise hayitu!’
Se kʋzʋʋ kɩdɛkɛdʋʋ
Seth Hyatt: Ne manquons pas de bon sens (Prov. 5:8)
C’est servir Jéhovah qui rend vraiment fort
Ñʋʋ 10 Nesi ɖɔkʋʋ kɛ Ɛsɔ kʋjɔʋ
Le mariage : un lien permanent
Ñɔɔzɩ ña-tɩ nɛ pʋcɔ ŋɖɔkɩ nesi—Hɔɔlʋʋ 1: Mantalaa se manpaɣzɩ ɖanɩyɛ na?
Ñɔɔzɩ ña-tɩ nɛ pʋcɔ ŋɖɔkɩ nesi—Hɔɔlʋʋ 2: Ɛzɩma manpɩzɩɣ mala nɛ mantɩlɩ mbʋ “mbʋ pɩmɛlɩ laŋɩyɛ taa yɔ”?
Ñɔɔzɩ ña-tɩ nɛ pʋcɔ ŋɖɔkɩ nesi—Hɔɔlʋʋ 3: ‘Tʋʋzɩ liidiye nɛ ŋna’
Ñʋʋ 11 Nesi ɖɔkʋʋ kɩyakʋ wayɩ
Cɛyɩsɩ ña nɛ ñɛ-tɛŋga mɩ-taabalɩyɛ
La Bible a sauvé notre mariage
Sɔɔlɩm nɛ ñamtʋ yeki nɛ nɔɔ kʋɖʋmaɣ wɛɣ hɔŋ taa
Ñʋʋ 12 Yɔɔdɩ tɔm ndʋ “tɩɩwazɩ mba panɩɣ-tʋ yɔ”
« Des paroles bonnes pour affermir »”
Tɩŋnɩ JW.ORG yɔɔ nɛ ŋsusi Ɛsɔtɔm
Ñʋʋ 13 Kazandʋ tɩŋa kɛdɩɣnɩ Ɛsɔ?
Des fêtes et des coutumes qui déplaisent à Dieu
Robert Ciranko : Jéhovah garde ses fidèles (Ps. 97:10)
Ñʋʋ 14 Wɛɛ toovenim pɩtɩŋa pɩ-taa
Sois honnête en toutes choses
Ɛsɔ naɣ mbʋ pɩwɛ mɛsaɣ tɛɛ ɛyʋ laŋɩyɛ taa yɔ
Ñʋʋ 15 Ña-tʋmɩyɛ ɛha-ŋ taa leleŋ
Travaillez de toute votre âme pour Jéhovah
Yehowa kaɣ cɔnʋʋ ɖa-kɩcɛyɩm ɖeɖe
Ñʋʋ 16 Ɩlʋbɩnɩ Eleeu
“Ɩkaɖɩnɩ Eleeu”
Mark Sanderson: « Opposez-vous à lui » (1 Pierre 5:9)
Ñʋʋ 17 Ðɩwɛɛ Ɛsɔ sɔɔlɩm taa
Gerrit Lösch: « Je suis avec toi »
Penny Green: C’était comme revenir à la maison


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Kɩlɛmɩŋ lɩzʊʊ
Kilɛmɩŋ lɩzʊʊ kɛna lakasɩ ndɩ ndɩ nzɩ ɛyʊ kpakʊ ɛkpɛndʊ nɛ nʊmɔŋ weyɩ ɛtɩŋgʊ pɩnɛ wondu ndʊ ɛkpeɣlʊ nɛ ɛpɩzɩ ɛma yaa ɛsʊzɩ natʊyʊ yaa kɩlɛmɩŋ nɩɩyɛ kɛ ñɩɣyʊ, takayaɣ yaa nimaɣnakayɩ yɔɔ yɔ. Kɩlɛmɩŋ lɩzʊʊ kɛna ɖɔɖɔ fotonaa mba ɛyʊ lɩza nɛ ɛna-ɩ yɔ.
Kɩlɛmɩŋ lɩzʊʊ tɩŋna lɛɛzʊtʊ kɩkam sakɩyɛ yɔɔ, kpɛlɛkʊʊ nɛ ñɩnʊ sakɩyɛ yɔɔ pɩlɩɩna mʊndʊsʊʊ nɛ naʊ kpɛlɛkʊtʊ taa. Pɩlɩna ɖɔɖɔ ladiɖiki mɩŋ yɔɔ pɩna kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ pʊ-yɔɔ nɛ sawʊla nɛ aseela tɔm kpɛlɛkʊtʊ nɛ tɩ-maʊ kɛ ñɩɣtʊ yɔɔ
Kacalaɣ kɩlɛmʊʊ ŋgʊ palɩzaa yɔ, pɩɩkɛna pɩnaɣ 1780 nɛ ñɩnɩya sakɩyɛ kaatɛma tʊma labʊ pʊ-yɔɔ. Aristote nɛ ñɩnɩyʊ kɩfalʊ weyi ɛɖa lɩzʊʊ mʊndʊsʊʊ nɛ naʊ yɔ, Ibn al-Havtham, patʊma yebina nɛ lalaa tɩŋna pʊyɔɔ nɛ kɩlɛmɩŋ lɩzʊʊ ɖɛɛna ɛsɩnda. Pakpaɣ takayaɣ hayʊ ŋgʊ kɛwɛ kpɛzɛlɛɛ yɔ pekpiyi-kʊ nɛ patʊlɩ pɔʊ fɩɩɩ nɛ panaɣ kɩlɛmɩŋ ɛlɛ e-tulinda.
Ñɩɣlɩm pɩsʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ laɖa ñɩna nɛ pana se mʊndʊsʊʊ pisuu liidiya ñɩɣlɩm. Pʊ-yɔɔ kɛ pɩnzɩ 1780 taa, Jacques Charles pɩza nɛ ɛlɩzɩ kacalaɣ foto nakʊyʊ ɛlɛ kɩtalɩɩ camɩyɛ. Ñɩniya naatozo panɛ pɔ-yɔɔ kɛ pɩna 1826 taa Nicéphore Niépce tɩŋna nɛ ɛpɩzɩ ɛlɩzɩ kɩlɛmpɩŋ nɩyɛ nɛ ɩwɛ weewee nɛ lɛɛŋ.


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Lotu
Lotu kɛna ɛyʊ yaa tɛtɛ kpɩnɛ taa mbʊ pɩwɛɛ nɛ pɩ-taa kɛ tɔɔnasɩ cakɩ yɔ. Ɛyʊ tɔkɩ tɔɔnasɩ nzɩ payɩ yɔ, sɩtɛzʊ likiyuu nɛ sɩtɩɩ hiluu taa nɛ pɩcɔ sɩtalɩ lotu taa siŋŋŋ. Lotu taa kɛ mooti ŋgʊ kɩnaŋgʊ tɔɔnasɩ nzi ɛyʊ tɔkɩ payɩ yɔ. Pɩnaŋgʊ-sɩ nɛ pɩtɛ lɛ, pɩcatɩ-sɩ camɩyɛ nɛ pɩpalɩ anaɣam mbʊ pɩpɩzɩ nɛ pɩha ɛyʊ tomnaɣ kɛ ɖoŋ, kpekpeka nɛ alafɩya yɔ.
Anaɣam mbʊ pɩ-nɔmɔʊ kɛlɛ calɩm. Calim kpakɩɣna-pʊ nɛ pɩyɛlɩna ɛyʊ tomnasɩ kpeekpe taa. Lotu paɣzɩɣna hiluu nɛ pɩtɛmna taabɩye.
Lotu wɛ nabʊlɛ taa: loyuu sɔsɔʊ wɛɛ nɛ loyuu cikpeluu wɛɛ, kʊkʊ ɖaɣlaa kɩkɩlɩ loyuu sɔsɔʊ nɛ kɩwɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɖɩm ɖɩm. Loyuu cikpeluu kʊnɛ kɩkɛna kaɣyʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩkakɩ kʊtɔmɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ se ɩtaasʊʊ calɩm taa yɔ ɛlɛ tɔɔnasɩ taa anaɣam ñɛɖɛʊ yem walaaa. Loyuu ɖɩm ɖɩm kʊnɛ kɩ-taa peeɖe kɛ kʊtɔmɩŋ weyi ɛtasɩ yaa ɛtapɩzɩ nɛ ɛsʊʊ calɩm taa yɔ, ɛcakɩ. Mbʊ yebina nɛ lotu ndʊ tɩfɛyɩna pɩtɛ ɖoŋ yɔ, pɩtɛ tomnaɣ ŋga kɛfɛyɩna alaafɩya siŋŋ. Mbʊ tɩna nɛ yee ɛyʊ ɛcaɣ se ɛtɔɔ nandʊ natʊyʊ taa lotu yɔ, pɩkɛna-ɩ kɩcɛyʊ se ɛtɩzɩ-tʊ nɛ tɩpɩɩ camɩyɛ siŋŋ.
Ɛyʊ taa lotu ɖalaakɩŋ taa wɛ ɛzɩ mɛtanaa lubɛ nɛ litoozo yɔ pɛ-hɛkʊ taa (7 yaa 8). Nɛ yee payasɩ-tʊ landammm kɔyɔn tɩ-walanzɩ taa wɛ ɛzɩ mɛtanaa 300 nɛ 400 yɔ pɛ-hɛkʊ taa. Pʊtɔbʊʊ se yee pakpaɣ pombo ŋgʊ payaɣ-kʊ nɛ anasayɩ kʊnʊŋ taa se tenisi yɔ kɔyɔ, pɩmaɣna ɛzɩ pɩ-tɛ katasɩ nasɩlɛ yɔ. Ɛyʊ mbilim lɛ, lotu kɩlɩna walanzɩ, pɩtɩŋna hʊzʊŋ (80) nɛ tɔnʊʊ (1,73).
Alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɔɔnasɩ tiki hiluu taa lɛ, kɩkpatʊʊ-sɩ yɔbɩ yɔbɩ nɛ pʊcɔ nɛ kiyekina loyuu ɖɩm ɖɩm. Loyuu kʊnɛ kɩhɔɔwʊna tɔɔnasɩ nzɩ mununu nɛ kɩcatɩ-sɩ nɛ kɩlɩzɩ sɩ-taa anaɣam nɛ siyekina calɩm se pɩtalɩ tomnaɣ kpeekpe taa. Pɩkasa caajaasɩ nzɩ nɛ sɩɩtasɩɣ tomnaɣ wazɩɣ yɔ, sɩɖɛɣ loyuu sɔsɔʊ taa nɛ sɩpɩsɩ pɩndʊ nɛ ɛyʊ nɩ-tʊ nɛ ɛ-taabiye.
Lotu lakʊʊ tɔɔnasɩ naŋgʊʊ nɛ sɩ-taa anaɣam palʊʊ yɔ, pɩtɛkɛ paa ɛzɩmtaa. Pɩfɛyɩ ɖeu se ɛyʊ ɛwɛɛ tɔɔnasɩ tɔɔwʊ yɔɔ nɛ pɩɖɛɛ ɖoo taa ñɩɩtʊ 11 nɛ hɔɔlʊʊ yɔɔ, yaa ñɩɩtʊ 22 nɛ hɔɔlʊʊ yɔɔ. Mbʊ yekina nɛ pusuyu ɛyʊ. Ɛyʊ taa loyuu ɖɩm ɖɩm kʊnɛ kɩ-ɖaalakɩŋ wɛ ɛzɩ kpaɣ mɛtanaa naatozo nɛ looɖo yɔ, pɛ-hɛkʊ taa.


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Ɛjaɖɛ yɔɔ ɛhʊyɛ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ tɔm
Ɛjaɖɛ yɔɔ ɛhʊyɛ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ tɔm Ɛjaɖɛ yɔɔ ɛhʊyɛ yaa lʊbɩyɛ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ tɔm, pɩkɛ politiki tɔm ndʊ tɩñɔ kpaɣɖʊ 18 wɛɛ tɛmtʊ taa, ndʊ tɩ-lɩmaɣzɩyɛ kaakɛ se paa ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩwɛ ɖɩ-lone taa paa ɛyʊ weyi lɛ tɛ (kiɖe tɛɛ lɛ pataasɔɔlɩ ajɛyɛ kpɛndʊʊ tɔm). Lɩmaɣzɩyɛ nɖɩ pɩkɔna-ɖɩ kaɖɛ piŋ Erɔpʊ ajɛyɛ kpaɣ kpaɣɖɩŋ 19 nɛ 20 wɛɛ taa. Tɔm kɛdɩyaa ñatakpaɣ-tʊ ɛzɩ pɩkɛ lɩmaɣza sɔsɔna piŋ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ lɔŋ sɩnɖaa siŋ wa ɛɛyɔɔdʊʊ pʊyɔɔ natʊyʊ sakɩyɛ.
Tɔmpiye nɖɩ ɖɩkɛ politiki ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩsɔɔlʊʊ se palɩzɩ ajɛyɛ hɔɔlɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ nɛ wɛtʊ kpeekpe taa (ɛjaɖɛ, ɛsakuliye, ɛsɔ sɛtʊ, kʊnʊŋ, tɔm kɛdɩtʊ, liu ñɩmbʊ pɩcɛlɩna tʊma hɔɔlʊʊ ŋ ŋgbaɣ nɖɛɛ mbʊ). Lɩmaɣzɩyɛ ɖɩɖɩ ñaɖɩ kpaʊʊ ɖoŋ piŋ kpaɣɖʊ 19 wɛɛ taa, pɩñɔtɩna pɩnaɣ 1870 alɩwaatʊ, yʊlʊnzɩ kʊndɩnayʊ nɛ pɩtɛkɛ ñɛ-tɛ yɔ cɩna waa lɩmaɣza, kɛlɛ pɩlabam waa cɔlɔ pakɩlaɣ-tʊ naʊ.
Raoul Girard cɔlɔ lɛ, tɔmpiye nɖɩ pʊwɛ ɛzɩ keekee taa ɖɩlɩna piritaniki ɛjaɖɛ taa (yʊsʊʊ tɔmʊʊ nationalist wɛʊʊ yɔ pama-ɖɩ Ɛŋglɩsɩ kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ pɩnaɣ 1715 alɩwaatʊ), nɛ ɖɩlɩɩ keekee kɛ kpaɣ ɖooo kpaɣɖʊ 18 tɛmtʊ wɛɛ taa nɛ pɩwɩlɩɣ ɛzɩma Jacque ɛsɔ sɛtʊ ŋgbɛyɛ tɩnaa sɔɔlɩ pɛ-ɛjaɖɛ yɔ.


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Lisitɛnsɩtayɩnɩ
Lisitɛnsɩtayɩnɩ kɛna Erɔpʊ ilemiye hɛkʊ taa (nabayɩ tɔŋ se wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa) ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ teŋgu nakʊyʊ tɔcɔɔ-ɖɩ nɛ kɩta. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɛ ɖɩ-wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa nɛ ɖɩ-hadɛ kiŋ lɛ, Suwisii ɛjaɖɛ wɛna piyele nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa nɛ hayʊ kiŋ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ se Otirisii yɔ nɖɩ ŋ̃ɛwɛna. Keteŋga kpeekpe taa lɛ, Lisitɛnsɩtayɩnɩ kɛŋna ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa ɛyaa kɩlɩɣ hiiwuu ñɩm yɔ nɛ peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ ɛyaa mba petehiɣ tɔma yɔ pakɩla wɛʊ ñɩɩɩ kɛ keteŋga kpeekp taa nɛ pɩnaɣ 2011 taa pakala pɩ-tɛ ɛyaa lɛ, patatalɩ 2,5 kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɖɩ kɩlɩna wɛʊ ñɩɩɩ kɛ ajɛya wena ayɔɔdʊʊ caama kʊnʊŋ yɔ a-taa nɛ nɖɩ ɖɔɖɔ kɩlɩna wɛʊ kɛ Alpɩwaa taa yeli.
Pamaza Lisitɛnsɩtayɩnɩ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ 160 km2 nɛ ɖenɖe lɩm wɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe takɩlɩ ɖɔʊ. Ɖooo pɩnaɣ 2013 taa pakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ pana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 36 925 yɔ; pʊtɔbʊʊ se papɩzɩɣ pana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 232 yɔ kɛ km2 taa. Hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ 12 pɩnaɣ 1806 kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩmʊ ɖɩ-tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊ. Payaɣ Lisitɛnsɩtayɩnɩ kewiyaɣ ñʊʊdʊ kɩfalʊ se Hans Adam II nɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina ñʊʊdʊ kɩfalʊ payaɣ se Adrian Hasler.
Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, ŋgʊ lɛ Caama. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Faduuzi ɛlɛ ndʊ tɩkɩla walanzɩ yɔ ndʊ lɛ Saanɩ. Yee ɛyʊ ɛsɔɔlaa se ɛyaa nɔɔyʊ kɛ kaŋgalafu yɔɔ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa kɔyɔ, pɩkɛna-ɩ kɩjɛyʊʊ se ɛma +423 ɛ-tɛ kaŋgalafu kpata yɔɔ pʊcɔ ŋɛ ɛɛma pɩtɛ ɛyʊʊ kaŋgalafu nimaɣ mayaɣ. Pakpazʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ kɩɖaʊ kɛdɛɛka nɛ pɛtɛ lɛ, pocosuu se Ɛsɔ yɔɔ kɛ, kewiyaɣ ñʊʊdʊ nɛ ɛjaɖɛ.
Liidiye nɖɩ pɔtɔkɩ-ɖɩ peeɖe yɔ payaɣ-ɖɩ se suwiisi liidiya.


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Minziiki
Minziiki kɛ taŋ nɩʋ tʋmɩyɛ labʋ nɛ ɖiɣɖiɣ sum, ɛzɩ pɔtɔŋʋʋ size tamɩyɛ tʋmɩyɛ lakasɩ mbɩ yɔɔ yɔ. Tisitu kɛnɛ, kɩtɩlɩsɩnaɣ ɛzɩ payaɣʋ size katɩlaɣ yɔ.
Kɩtɩlɩsɩnaɣ ŋga keyekina nɛ pɩtɩnɩ camɩyɛ kpaʋ tibu taa sakɩyɛ talʋʋ taa. Minziiki kʋnɛ, kɩkɛ kɔɔnɔɔ yaa kajalaɣ taa mbɩ yɔ kɛ, keɖeɣaɣ tʋmɩyɛ labʋ lɩzʋʋ, kɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ mbɩ yɔ kawɩlaɣ nɛ wɩlɩtʋ wonu.
Ɛyaa sakɩyɛ tɩŋgʋʋna minziiki wonu kʋnɛ kɩ yɔ nɛ pɔyɔɔdʋna samaɣ. Kɔɔnɔɔ lɛ, paɖʋʋ tɔm ndʋ kajaa kɔ yɔdɩ yɔ hendu taa nɛ pɩkpɛmdɩ pɩwɛ minziiki taa. Samaɣ yɔɔdɩnaʋ pɩtɩŋgɩna minziiki yɔ kɛna nʋmɔʋ sɔsɔʋ ŋgʋ hendu teyaa kɩlɩʋ tɩŋgɩnaʋ yɔ.
Minziiki wendu natʋyʋ natʋyʋ kɔ yɔ : nɔɔ ŋga ɖɩyɔɔdʋna yɔ, tomnaɣ ŋga ɖɩwɛna yɔ nɛ pɩtasɩna wendu lɛɛtʋ sakɩyɛ.
Minziiki wɛ paa ɛjaɖɛ egeetiye nɖɩ-ɩ lɛ ɖɩ-taa. Nɛ paa ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ-ɩ lɛ nɛ ɖɩ-hɔɔlɩŋ taa minziiki nɛ hendu. Minziiki wɛ nɛ pɩcɔ caanaʋ mamaɣ tɔm talɩʋ. Kɩhaɣ taa leleŋ kazandʋ hendu teu taa ɖɔɖɔ kɛ mbɩ yɔ.


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Tɔm susuu
Tɔm susuu kɛna ɛyaa sakɩyɛ yaa samaɣ sɔsaɣ nakɛyɛ tɔm heyuu. Pɩkɛna pɩyʋ keem tɩlɩʋ. Yee nabʋyʋ yaa natʋyʋ ɛwɛ size samaɣ ɛnɩɩ kɔyɔ, pʋwɛ size posusi kususu nɛ tɔm ndʋ tɩtalɩ paa weyi. Paasusuu tɔm ɛyʋ kʋɖʋm yaa nɔɔyʋ ɖeke.
Tɔm kususutu tɛkɛna mɛsaɣ tɛɛ n̄ɩndʋ. Tɔm kususutu natʋyʋ kɔyɔ : ɖikpaɣ ɛzɩ-ɩ tɔɔnaɣ kɩfalaɣ nakɛyɛ tɔɔʋʋ taa kɛ mbʋ yɔ, nɛ wondu kɩfatʋ natʋyʋ tʋmɩyɛ labɩnaʋ kɛ mbɩ yɔ ɖɔɖɔ. Pɩtasɩna pɩɖeke, ɛlɛ caca tɔʋ nɛ lɩzʋʋ yaa takayɩsɩ ɖʋzʋʋ hɔɔlʋʋ taa ɖɔɖɔ kɛ mbʋ yɔ.
Posusuu tɔm ɖɔɖɔ nɛ pasɩɩzɩna samaɣ yaa ɛyaa ɖɔɖɔ size pataatɔɔ tɔɔnaɣ kɩdɛkɛdaɣ nakɛyɛ yaa kɔyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩkʋʋ yɔ ɖɩ-tɔm natʋyʋ. Ɖɩkpaɣ ɛzɩ tɔsʋʋ nʋmɔʋ taa ɖɔɖɔ mbɩ yɔɔ yɔ, ɖɩtɩlɩʋ size posusuu samaɣ nɛ katɩlɩ pazɩ pazɩ tɔsʋ. Posusuu samaɣ nɛ katɩlɩ kɛɛkɩŋ taa wondu naa kɩpama mba palɩza yɔ.
Tɔm kususutu taa patɩlɩʋ tʋma sɔsɔna sɔsɔna wena a-wɛ hɔɔlɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ taa yɔ a-lona nɛ a-hɩla. Pɩzɩʋna nɛ patɩlɩ ɖɔɖɔ wondu ndɩ ndɩ ɖɩpɛdɩyɛ lona. Ɖɩkpaɣ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ, lɔɔɖa yaa ɛsɔdaa lɔɔɖaa kɛ mbɩ yɔ, ɖɩnaɣ size posusuu lɛɣ yaɖaa tɩlɩʋ lɔɔɖaa masɩ kɩpanzɩ.


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Ɔsɩloo
Ɔsɩloo kɛna Nɔrɩvɛɛzɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ. Ɖooo pɩnzɩ 1624 nɛ 1924 lɛ, payawaɣ tɛtʊ tʊnɛ se Kristiyaniya. Kɔlaɣ fenaɣ kacalaɣ wiye pɩnaɣ 1925 kɛ papaazʊ yaʊ se tɛtʊ tʊnɛ se Ɔsɩloo. Pɩnaɣ 2010 taa pakala ɛyaa kɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa lɛ, pɛkpɛnda 1 403 268 nɛ pa-taa lɛ, mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ lɛ, caɣyaa kpɛnda 2. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-walanzɩ maɣna 450 km2 nɛ tɩ-taa haba sɔsɔna nɛ cikpena wɛɛ, pɩtasɩna sulukiŋ kpayɩsɩ ɖɩ-ɖɔnɖɛ.
Ɔsɩloo tɛtʊ hɛkʊ taa pɔɔ nakɛyɛ wɛɛ nɛ payaɣ-kɛ se Akɛrsɛlva ɛlɛ tɛtʊ tʊnɛ pɩyɩsɩ cɔ-tʊ kpɛɛɛ nɛ sɩtaa. Peeɖe tɛtʊ ndʊ lɩm cɔ-tʊ nɛ pɩta yɔ, tɩtala hiuwaa naanza nɛ tɩ-taa sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Malɩmooya, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se ɖenɖe ñɩɣtʊ ñɩɣɖɛ. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-walanzɩ taa talɩʊ ɛzɩ 0,56 km2 yɔ. Ɔsɩloo tɛtʊ taa kujomiŋŋ tala ɛzɩ 343 yɔ.
Ɛzɩ tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ lɛɛtʋ ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, Ɔsɩloo tɛtʊ nɛ ajɛya lɛɛna taa tɛtʋ ɖʋ taabalɩyɛ nɛ palakɩ tʋm kʋɖʋma se tɔsʋʋ nɛ ɛsɩnda wobu ɛɖɛɛna poliŋ. Tɛtʋ ndʋ yɔ: Anvɛɛrɩ (Pɛlɩziki), Caŋgayɩ (Siini), Kopɛnɩhaagɩ (Tanɩmarɩkɩ), Hɛlɩsinki (Fɛɛlandɩ); Reyikzaviki (Isilandɩ), Tɛlaviivi (Izrɛɛlɩ), Filniyusi, (Lituyaanii), Rotɛrɩdam (Peyibaa), Farɩsovii (Polɔɔñɩ), Sɛɛpetɛrsɩbuuri (Ruusii) nɛ Pɛlɩgradɩ (Sɛrbii).


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Ɛsɔ kʊdɔŋ (Variole)
Ɛsɔ kʊdɔŋ kɛ kʊdɔŋ kɩɖɛɖɛʊ ŋgʊ kɩwɛ sɔtʊ yɔ. Kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ kɩɖɛʊ piŋ ɛyaa sakɩyɛ. Tɔmpiye ɛsɔ kʊdɔŋ lɩna latɛŋ kʊnʊŋ taa varus, i nɛ ɖɩ-tɔbʊʊ se mʊɖɛ piye nɛ varius, a, um ɖɩ-tɔbʊʊ se takɩŋ tʊ. Pasɩŋ ɛsɔ kʊdɔŋ nɛ ɛyʊ yɔɔ mʊyaa pee pɩwɛ takɩŋ takɩŋ.
Kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ kɩpasa ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1977 kɛ aloma fenaɣ kɩyaakʊ 26 (evemiye kpaagbaa ndɛ ndɩ ɖi-wiye pana ɛyʊ nɛ kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ Somaalii ɛjaɖɛ taa yɔ, ɛyʊ ɛ-nʊ ɛkɛ tɩzɩyʊ nɛ pasɩ-ɩ ɖɔkɔtɔ tɛ, pɩlɩna OMS ŋgbɛyɛ (kedeŋga taa ŋgbɛɛ ndɩ ɖɩcɔŋna tɔnʊʊ taa alaafɩya yɔɔ yɔ), pʊsɔzɩna sʊbɩtʊ tɛ ɛyaa kpeɣluu sakɩyɛ sakɩyɛ pɩnaɣ 1958 paɣzɩtʊ alɩwaatʊ nɛ feŋguu tʊmɩyɛ kpɛlɛkʊʊ ɖɔɖɔ kaawɛ pɩda peɖe kpanɛ pɩnaɣ 1967 alɩwaatʊ taa.
Ɖooo kpaɣɖʊ 21 alɩwaatʊ taa kɛ pasɩɣ kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ kɩ-tɛ hɔɔlasɩ kɩɖɛzɩsɩ tʊma wena atakɩɣ nɛ a-na kʊdɔmɩŋ yɔ, wena OMS sɩma-yɛ yɔ. Ɛsɔ kaatɩna ɛyaa sakɩyɛ tɛ sɩm Erɔpʊ ɛjaɖɛ taa pɩcɔɔ pɩtalɩ kpaɣɖʊ 18 alɩwaatʊ taa. Ɛsɔ kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ kɩɩtɩna Louis 14 lʊlʊkʊ tɛ sɩm pɩnaɣ 1712. Alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa paya kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ se ɛsɔ kʊdɔŋ nɛ pamasɩ-kʊ nɛ casaɣ kʊdɔŋ, ŋgʊ ɖɩcɔna kɔyɔ kɩ-nɛ-kʊ payaɣ ɖama nabʊyʊ.
Pɩkɛ kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ kɩwɛ ɛyaa yeke koŋ hɛkʊ taa yɔ. Kɩfɛyɩ ɖɩcaɣyɛ kpɩna hɛkʊ taa yaa kɩɖɛʊ pɩtɩŋna tɛtɛ ñɩtʊ yɔɔ. Kʊdɔŋ sʊtʊ lɩna ɛyʊ nɔɔtaa kɩcɩkpɩŋ mʊʊna cɔlɔ nɛ liuu tɛ tomnaɣ yɔɔ kɩcɩkpɩŋ cɔlɔ. Ɛsɔ kʊdɔŋ pɩzɩɣ ɖɛzɩɣ kʊɖɔŋ kpaɣ ɖooo alɩwaatʊ ndʊ pɩɖɩkɩ ɛ-tomnaɣ pɔŋ.
Ɛyʊ kʊdɔŋ tʊ ɖɩhɩnɩyɛ nɛ e-wonduu kɩsʊsʊtʊ tɩya ɖɔɖɔ kʊdɔŋ ɖɛtʊ nɛ pɩpɔzɩɣ se powona-tʊ momoluku ñɩɣyʊʊ taa. Ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, wonduu ndɖu palaba-tʊ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ kʊdɔŋ tʊ ɛ-nʊ yɔ, pakpaɣ-tʊ nɛ palabɩna weyi ɛfɛyɩna kʊɖɔŋ ŋgʊ yɔ pɩɖɛ-ɩ ɖɔɖɔ.
Kʊdɔŋ sɔtʊ pɩzɩɣ pɩɖɛ pɩtɩŋna ɛyʊ weyi patɩɩ sɔba-ɩ piteleɖi yɔ nɛ ɛwɛna kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ yɔ. Nɔnɔsɩ nzɩ kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ kɩkɩlɩɣ tɩŋgɩnaʊ nɛ kɩkpaɣ ɛyaa yɔ lɛ, ɛyʊ feziŋ nɔnɔsɩ paa nɔmɔŋ lɛɛŋ ɛwɛ kɔyɔ.


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Reich naatozo ŋgʊ
Reich naatozo tɛ ŋgʊ, pɩkɛ tɔmpiye nɖɩ ɖɩwɩlɩɣ se pɩkɛ Caama ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ Adolph Hitler ɖɩyaɣ yɔ kpaɣ pɩnzɩ 1933 ŋtalɩ 1945 taa yɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩtakizi paɣtʊ mbʊ pɩnaɣ 1933 alɩwaatʊ taa lɛ, tɔmpiye Reich wɛɛ mbʊ nɛ ɖɩkɛ Caama ɛjaɖɛ kewiyaɣ hɩɖɛ, kɛ kewiyaɣ nɛ politiki takayasɩ kpeekpe taa nzɩ Caama ɛjaɖɛ ma pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩ pɩnaɣ 1945 taa yɔ. Paa ɖoye, kpaɣna tɩyɔɔ wɛʊ takayaɣ pɩnaɣ 1943, tɔmpiye Grossdeutsches Reich sakɩyɛ kewiyaɣ ŋga ka-taa kaakɩlɩ sɔɔlʊʊ.
Adolf Hitler kaakɛna ɛjaɖɛ nɛ samaɣ yɔɔ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ tʊma laɖaa ŋgbɛɣɛ nʊʊ tʊ Caama ɛjaɖɛ taa (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei Caama kʊnʊŋ taa kɛlɛ, ɖɔɖɔ payaɣ se NSDAP). Tɔmpiye ɛjaɖɛ nɛ samaɣ yɔɔ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ kɛ kɛlɛʊ taa Hitler nɛ e-kewiyaɣ tɛ politiki lɩmaɣza wena palaba yɔ nɛ peɖiyuu nɛ ɛjaɖɛ yɔ. Palɩzɩ ɛ-hɩɖɛ ɛ-lɩmaɣza takayaɣ taa nɛ pɩpɩ ŋgbɛɣɛ hɩɖɛ.
Pɩtɛ kewiyaɣ ŋga kaɖala katalɩ pɩnzɩ hiu nɛ naalɛ, kpaɣna Hitler ɛzɩ ɛjaɖɛ kewiyaɣ ñʊʊ tʊ kɔlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 30 pɩnaɣ 1933 alɩwaatʊ ndʊ pagba Reich agoza fenaɣ pɩnaɣ 1945 taa, pʊwayɩ lɛ, pagba Karl Dönitz kewiyaɣ kpaagba ŋga.
Fʊlɩsɩ Ɛjaɖɛ nɛ kpaŋgɩyɛ kewiyaɣ, nɛ kɛtɛ kɛkɛ cɛjɛyɛ kewiyaɣ yeke koŋ mbʊ lɛ, Adolf Hitler ɖiyaɣna-kɛ, natozo kewiyaɣ ŋga ɖɩyaɣ se Reich natozo ŋgʊ, ŋgʊ tɩna kedeŋga kpeekpe you naalɛ ŋgʊ Erɔpʊ ɛjaɖɛ taa, alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa pʊkɔna yoŋ sɔsɔŋ nɛ kɩdɛkɛdɩm sakɩyɛ, Yuda ɛyaa ɖɩzɩtʊ (soowa) nɛ Tsigane waa Erɔpʊ taa. Pakʊʊ ɖɔɖɔ kalakasɩ yaa ɛyaa ajama.
Sɔndʊʊ kpaɣ ɖoŋ nɛ pɩkaɣ. Kpɩtaŋ naalɛ wayi lɛ, Göring yele nɛ pakpa kpɛnɖɛ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ tɩnaa tɛ ɛyaa 10000. Ɛyaa padaa peeɖe lɛ, Ernest Thälmann, KPD ñʊʊ tʊ lakɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ naatozo ŋgʊ wiye. Ɖomaɣ fenaɣ taa, salaka tɩna talɩ ɛyaa 30000. Kpaɣ pɩnzɩ 1933 nɛ 1939 hɛkʊ taa mbʊ yɔ patalɩ ɛyaa 150000 ŋtalɩ 200000 salaka kuduyuŋ taa. Pakʊ ɛyaa ɛzɩ 7000 nɛ 9000 mbʊ yɔ. Ɛyaa sakɩyɛ sakɩyɛ seɣ Caama ɛjaɖɛ taa.


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Eelɛkɩtroniiki
Eelɛkɩtroniiki kɛna tomnaɣ kpɛlɛkʋʋ lɛɣtʋ piliŋa nakɛyɛ. Pɩ-tɛ piliŋa ŋga kalakɩna nɛ nabʋyʋ wɛɣna tomnaɣ wɛtʋ nɛ camɩyɛ labɩnaʋ nazɩyʋ tʋmɩyɛ taa. Pɩwazɩɣ siŋŋ kɛ tɔm kususutu nɛ tɔm kʋmʋmʋtʋ hɔɔlʋʋ taa. Eelɛkɩtroniiki yekina nɛ pɩ-tɛ tɔm ndʋ tɩtalɩ camɩyɛ ti-woɖe nɛ tɩ-mʋyaa wʋʋ-tʋ camɩyɛ ɖɔɖɔ.
Ɖɩtɩlɩ ɖɔɖɔ size, nabʋyʋ taa lɛ, pakpakɩɣ eelɛkɩtroniiki nɛ palakɩna tomnasɩ kekeɖii kʋdɔmɩŋ kpeekpe. Pɩtɛkɛ pi-ɖeke ɛlɛ, eelɛkɩtroniiki ŋgʋ, palakɩna-kʋ nɛ tʋmɩyɛ kɛ lɛdɩmɛlɛdɩ nazɩyʋ tʋma sakɩyɛ taa ɖɔɖɔ. Eelɛkɩtroniiki ɛɛpɩzɩɣ kɩla kʋ-tʋmɩyɛ ɖeu yee lɛdɩmɛlɛdɩ nazɩyʋ ɛfɛyɩ kɔyɔ.
Nabʋyʋ taa ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, nazɩyʋ wɛna walanzɩ nzɩ sɩfɛyɩ ɖoŋ yɔ. Pɩ-tɛ alɩwaatʋ ndʋ tɩ-taa lɛ, nazɩyʋ walanzɩ nzɩ sɩkɛ mɛnfɛyɩ ɖoŋ n̄ɩnzɩ siŋŋ yɔ, sɩwɛ wazaɣ siŋŋ eelɛkɩtroniiki taa. Pɩtɩŋɛ payɩ mbʋ yɔ, pʋ-tɔbʋʋ lɩzʋʋ lɩɣna ɛzɩma mbʋ yee tɔm kususutu natʋyʋ ɛcaɣ se tɩtalɩ ɖoli nɛ ɖoŋ n̄ɩɩɩ nɛ tɩ-wazaɣ tɔɖɔɔ kɔyɔ.
Alɩwaatʋ ndʋ tɩ-taa ɛyaa naalɛ n̄ɩnɩɣ size pala ndɔnjɔɔlɩyɛ naɖɩyɛ pɩlɩɩna tɔm natʋyʋ yɔɔ lɛ, pʋwɛna-wɛ size pɔyɔɔdɩ ɖoŋ.
Ɖɩɖɔkɩ ɖɔɖɔ se eelɛkɩtroniiki ɖoŋ kɩkpaɖɩŋ n̄ɩŋgʋ nakʋyʋ wɛɛ. Kɩkɛ nazɩyʋ tʋmɩyɛ labɩnaʋ tʋmɩyɛ kpɛlɛkʋʋ tɛ piliŋa nakɛyɛ. Kɩwɛ wazaɣ siŋŋ nazɩyʋ labɩnaʋ kpɛlɛkʋʋ tʋma piliŋa taa.


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Namibi
Namibi kɛna Afrika nɛ hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ. Ɖooo lɛ payawaɣ Namibi se Afrika-Wɩsɩ -Ɖɩɖʊyɛ nɛ Hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ nɛ Caama ɛjaɖɛ kakpacayaɣna-ɖɩ 1884-1915). Pʊwayɩ lɛ Afrika nɛ Hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ nesi tɛɛ nɛ ɖɛfɛɛɛ ɖɛfɛɛɛ lɛ kɩmʊ kɩ-tɩ yɔɔ caɣʊ kɛ lakɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ nɛɛlɛ nɛ kʊɖʊm pɩnaɣ 1990.
Namibi nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ Atɩlantiki tɛŋgu, hayʊ kiŋ lɛ Aŋgoola ɛjaɖɛ wɛna kamaɣ yɔɔ piyele hadɛ kiŋ lɛ Afrika nɛ Hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ. Namibi nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ, Pɔɔcɩwaanaa nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ nɛ hayʊ kiŋ lɛ Sambii. Namibi takɩlɩ poliŋ nɛ Simbaabuwee.
Afrika kpeekpe taa lɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa kɛ ɛyaa takɩlɩ ɖɔʊ kilomɛta kʊɖʊmʊ taa nɛ pɩkɛ keteŋa kpeekpe taa kɔyɔ, ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩkɛ naalɛ ñɩnɖɛ. Namibi wɛ keteŋa kpeekpe ajɛya kɩkpɛndɩɣ ONU ŋgbɛyɛ ɖɩ-taa, ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩwɛ Afrika ajɛya kɩkpɛndɩɣ ŋgbɛyɛ taa ɖɔɖɔ.
Paalaba ketiizaɣ sɔsɔɣa nakayɛ kɛ Dili tɛtʊ taa pɩnaɣ 2014 ɛlɛ, pakpaɣ Namibi nɛ pɔsɔzɩ ajɛya wena pʊwɛɛ se acɔna ajɛya wena anɩɣ nɛ ayɔɔdɩɣ pɔrɩtigaalɩ kʊnʊŋ yɔ.


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Ukurɛnɩ
Ukurɛnɩ kɛna Erɔpɩ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ. Walanzɩ taa lɛ, ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɖɩ lɛ naalɛ ñɩnɖɛ walanzɩ taa kɛ Erɔpɩ taa.
Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɛ ɖɩ-hadɛ kiŋ lɛ, teŋu Kɩkpɛɖɩɣ nɛ Azɔɔvɩ teŋu pɛwɛna, hayi kiŋ lɛ, Ruusii wɛna piyele nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ, Piyeelooruusii. Ɖi-wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa lɛ, Pɔlɔɔñɩ, Siloovakii nɛ Hɔŋgrii ajɛya ñɛwɛna, pɩkazɩ Rumaanii nɛ Mɔlɩdavii ajɛya ñɛwɛna wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ nɛ hadɛ kiŋ.
Ukurɛnɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Kɩyɛɛvɩ nɛ kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pɔyɔɔdɩɣ nɛ pawɩlɩɣ ɖɔɖɔ sukulinaa taa yɔ ŋɣʊ lɛ ukurɛnɩ kʊnʊŋ piyele nɛ liidiye nɖɩ pɔtɔkɩ yɔ ɖɩɖɩ lɛ hiriviniya.


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Alɛkɩsandrii
Alɛkɩsandrii kɛna Egipiti ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔ natʊyʊ nɛ pɩnaɣ 2010 taa pakalɩ ɛyaa kɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa lɛ, pɛɖɛ miliyɔɔnaa 4 300 000 mbʊ yɔ. Ɛlɛ sɩŋŋŋ taa lɛ pɛkpɛnda ɛyaa 4 388 219 hab. Ɛyʊ weyi payaɣ-ɩ se Alexandre Sɔsɔ yɔ ɛnʊ kaalɛɣna peeɖe caaʊ ɖooo pɩnzɩ -331 taa pʊcɔ nɛ palʊlʊʊ Yeesu, mbʊ yebina nɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ pasʊʊ-tʊ hɩɖɛ se Alɛkɩsandrii.
Pʊcɔ nɛ ɖooo caanaʊ taa tɔm kɔŋ lɛ, Alɛkɩsandrii kaakɛna Egipiti tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ kacalaɣ ñɩndʊ. Peeɖe palakaɣ tadɩyɛ sɩŋŋŋ nɛ ɛsakuliye tɔm taa lɛ, peeɖe kɛ ɛyaa sakɩyɛ ɛzɩ Mediteranee mba yɔ pɛkpɛndaɣ nɛ palakɩ amʊʊza ndɩ ndɩ ɖɔɖɔ.
Sɔnɔ taa mbʊ yɔ tɛtʊ ndʊ payaɣ-tʊ se Kɛɛrɩ yɔ ndʊ kacalaɣ ñɩndʊ ɛyaa ɖɔʊ taa nɛ Alɛkɩsandrii tɛtʊ natʊlɛ ndʊ. Alɛkɩsandrii tɛtʊ wɛ Niili Pɔɔ ka-ɖɩyasɩyɛ cɔlɔ, lɩŋgamʊʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ-kʊ se Mareyotisi yɔ nɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ lɩm cɔ-tʊ nɛ pɩta nɛ payaɣ-tʊ Farɔsɩ yɔ tɩ-hɛkʊbtaa. Alɛkɩsandrii maalika ñʊʊtʊ payaɣ se Abdel Fattah Saïd Hussein Khalil al-Sissi.


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Avicenna
Avicenne, yaa Ibn Sīnā1 (Persan kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ, ابن سینا), ɛyʊ ɛnɛyɔ palʊla-ɩ kɩyɛɛna fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 7 pɩnaɣ 980 Afshéna tɛtʊ taa, pʊñɔtɩna Boukhara, Khorasan Sɔsɔʊ tɛtʊ taa (sɔnɔ yaa nɔnɔ Uzibekistanɩ taa) nɛ ɛsɩ mɩsɩkʊm fenaɣ pɩnaɣ 1037 Hamadan tɛtʊ taa (Iran ɛjaɖɛ taa). Ɛyʊ ɛnʊ ɛɛkɛ ɛyʊ yɔɔ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ tʊmɩyɛ tʊ, ɛkɛ takayasɩ mayʊ, ɛkɛ ɖɔkɔtɔ nɛ lɛɣtʊ tɩlɩyʊ kɛ persan hɛkʊ nɛ hɛkʊ wɛɛ taa. Avicenne kaasɛwaɣ malɩŋ Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ.
Ɛsɔɔlɩ tɩlɩtʊ sakɩyɛ, kɔzɩ kɔzɩ tɩyɩnzɩ yɔɔ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ, ñɩɣlɩm pɩsʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ yaa hɔyɛ yɔɔ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ. Ɛ-maɣzɩm yɔɔ tisiyaa ya-ɩ se Cheikh el-Raïs, tɩlɩya nɔɔ ɖɛyʊ, ɖɔkɔtɔ naa taa sɔsɔ, wɩlɩyʊ mamʊ niiye, wɩlɩyʊ naatozo tʊ kɛ Aristote nɛ Al-Fârâbî wayi. Malɩŋ Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ tɔm yɔɔ kpɛlɛkɩya sakɩyɛ ɛzɩ Al-Ghazâlî, Ibn Taymiyya, Ibn Al-Qayim nɛ Al-Dhahabi tɔndɩ-ɩ mbʊ se ɛtɛkɛ Ɛsɔ sɛyʊ.
Kpaɣɖʊ 7 nɛ 8 alɩwaatʊ taa, kajalaɣ malɩŋ ñɩma tɛ seɣa alɩwaatʊ, mbʊ lɛ Siiri ɛyaa nɛ Mezopotami ɛyaa mba pɛkɛ Krɩstʊ ñɩma yɔ nɛ pɛ-tɛ nɛ Siiri nɛ Krɛkɩ yɔ ɖɛzaɣna arabɩ kʊnʊŋ taa kɛ ɛyʊ yɔɔ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ tɩlɩyɛ tɔm ndʊ tɩlɩna Krɛkɩ nɛ Room taa yɔ, lʊbɩyɛ naɖɩyɛ paɣzɩ arabɩ ñɩma cɔlɔ nɛ Persan ɛyaa cɔlɔ, Iran sɔsɔʊ kaawɛ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa kɛ arabɩ ɛyaa nesi tɛɛ.
Avicenne pɩlɩna ɛ-hɩla naalɛ anɛ ayɔɔ Ali al-Husayn Ibn Abd Allah Ibn Sina, palʊla-ɩ kɩyɛɛna fenaɣ taa pɩnaɣ 980 Khormeytan (yaa Afshéna, wɩsɩ ɛjaɖɛ), Boukhara cɔlɔ kpam, (Transoxiane nɔnɔ Ouzbékistan ɛjaɖɛ). Ɛ-caa kɔyɔ Abdallah, ɛkɛ malʊʊ ɛ-tɛ Balkh kiŋ nɔnɔ Afganistan nɛ hayi kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ taa, ɛkɛ Kharmythâne egeetiye ñʊʊ tʊ, e-ɖoo kɔyɔ Setareh yaa Sitara ɛɛwɛ Afshéna.
Pʊwɛ ɛzɩ ɛɛkɩlɩ ŋñɩɩ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ ɛɛsɔɔlɩ wezuu tʊmɩyɛ nɛ ɖɔkɔtɔ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ ɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 14 lɛ, ɛkpɛlɛkaɣ eyeke. Petiyina Avicenne ɛ-pɩjatʊ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ mbʊ pɛdɩyʊ al-Natili cɔlɔ se ɛkpɛlɛkɩ akɔnta labʊ. Ɛɛwɛ ñʊʊ taa lɔŋ piŋ mbʊ lɛ ɛcɛzɩ ɛ-wɩlɩyʊ akɔnta labʊ nɛ lɛɣtʊ payi. Ɛla sukuli Boukhara, ɛsɔɔlɩ tɩlɩyɛ tʊma tɩŋa nɛ kɔzɩ kɔzɩ ɖɔkɔtɔ tʊmɩyɛ.


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*Zeziiꞌa ꞌꞌnabhli
(Luukɩ 3:23-38)
1Nyɔ -lue ʋn-ʋ ꞌlaꞌa *Zezii, -ɔ ꞌma-a *-Lagɔꞌɔ ꞌBhozayi -ɔ ꞌpʋʋnꞌa nyʋ, ꞌɔ -glɩgbawɔnyiꞌa ꞌꞌna ꞌꞌweꞌa ꞌnynɩ ꞌka-a: Ɔ-ɔ ꞌmo-o *Ablaamʋ -ke *Daviidɩꞌa ꞌꞌnayu. 2Ablaamʋ ꞌwlʋꞌo *Izaakɩ, Izaakɩ ꞌwlʋꞌo *Zakɔɔpʋ, Zakɔɔpʋ ꞌwlʋꞌo *Zidaa -ke ꞌɔ ꞌlotʋꞌa ꞌꞌnynuu. 3Zidaa ꞌwlʋꞌo Falɛsɩ -ke -Zalaa -nɩ ꞌsɔn, ꞌle Tamaa ꞌꞌduꞌo ꞌwa ꞌlotʋ, Falɛsɩ ꞌye Ɛsɩlɔmʋ ꞌwlʋ ꞌle Ɛsɩlɔmʋ ꞌye Alaamʋ ꞌwlʋ. 4Alaamʋ ꞌwlʋꞌo Aminadabʋ, Aminadabʋ ꞌwlʋꞌo Nasɔɔ ꞌle Nasɔɔ ꞌye Salɩmɔɔ ꞌwlʋ. 5Salɩmɔɔ ꞌwlʋꞌo Bʋazɩ ꞌle Raabʋ ꞌꞌduꞌo ꞌɔ ꞌlotʋ; Bʋazɩ ꞌwlʋꞌo Obɛdɩ ꞌle Wlutɩ ꞌꞌduꞌo ꞌɔ ꞌlotʋ. Obɛdɩ ꞌwlʋꞌo *Izayii. 6Izayii ꞌwlʋꞌo Daviidɩ -ɔ ꞌma-a ꞌbhlʋkpayowliklagba. Daviidɩ ꞌwlʋꞌo *Salomɔɔ. ꞌƆ ꞌlotʋ-ʋ ꞌmo-o Uliiꞌa -dɩgbanynaakpʋ. 7Salomɔɔ ꞌwlʋꞌo Wlʋbʋamʋ, Wlʋbʋamʋ ꞌwlʋꞌo Abia, 8Abia ꞌwlʋꞌo Azafʋ, Azafʋ ꞌwlʋꞌo Zozafaa, Zozafaa ꞌwlʋꞌo Zolaamʋ, Zolaamʋ ꞌwlʋꞌo Oziasɩ, 9Oziasɩ ꞌwlʋꞌo Zʋatamʋ, Zʋatamʋ ꞌwlʋꞌo Akaazɩ, Akaazɩ ꞌwlʋꞌo Ezekiasɩ, 10Ezekiasɩ ꞌwlʋꞌo Manasee, Manasee ꞌwlʋꞌo Amɔɔ, Amɔɔ ꞌwlʋꞌo Zoziasɩ, 11Zoziasɩ ꞌwlʋꞌo Zekoniasɩ -ke ꞌɔ ꞌlotʋꞌa ꞌꞌnynuu. -Nɔɔ -ke ti ʋn kpʋnꞌa *Izrayɛɛlɩkɔmʋ, ʋn ꞌye ꞌʋ *Babilɔɔnʋ kpa, ꞌbho-o moꞌo. 12Izrayɛɛlɩkɔmʋ nyniꞌa Babilɔɔnʋ, -nɔɔ -lrɛɛ ziꞌa, ꞌle Zekoniasɩ ꞌye Salatiɛlɩ ꞌwlʋ. Salatiɛlɩ ꞌwlʋꞌo Zolobabɛlɩ, 13Zolobabɛlɩ ꞌwlʋꞌo Abiyudɩ, Abiyudɩ ꞌwlʋꞌo Eliakimʋ, Eliakimʋ ꞌwlʋꞌo Azɔlʋ, 14Azɔlʋ ꞌwlʋꞌo Sadokɩ, Sadokɩ ꞌwlʋꞌo Akimʋ, Akimʋ ꞌwlʋꞌo Eliudɩ, 15Eliudɩ ꞌwlʋꞌo Eliazaa, Eliazaa ꞌwlʋꞌo Mataa, Mataa ꞌwlʋꞌo Zakɔɔpʋ, 16Zakɔɔpʋ ꞌwlʋꞌo *ꞌZɩzɛɛfʋ. *Malii -ʋ ꞌwlʋꞌa Zezii ʋn-ʋ ꞌlaꞌa -Lagɔꞌɔ ꞌBhozayi -ɔ ꞌpʋʋnꞌa nyʋ, ꞌwa nyimiɛ ɔ ꞌꞌduꞌo. 17-Ɛ ꞌwlʋꞌa ꞌbho Ablaamʋ ꞌꞌkpi, ꞌꞌna ꞌꞌweꞌa ꞌꞌna kpɛ -bue ꞌyɔ nyiɛ-ɛ ziꞌo ꞌle ɛ ꞌye Daviidɩ -yɛ. -Ɛ ꞌwlʋꞌa ꞌbho Daviidɩ ꞌꞌkpi ɛ ꞌke -nɔɔ -ke ti Izrayɛɛlɩkɔmʋꞌa Babilɔɔnʋꞌa -nɩnɩa -yɛ ɛ, ꞌꞌna ꞌꞌweꞌa ꞌꞌna kpɛ -bue ꞌyɔ nyiɛ-ɛ kaꞌa wɔn. ꞌWlʋ ꞌbho ꞌle ɛ ꞌke -Lagɔꞌɔ ꞌBhozayi -ɔ ꞌpʋʋnꞌa nyʋ, ꞌɔ ꞌwlʋwlʋnɔɔ ꞌꞌkpi bhla, ꞌꞌna ꞌꞌweꞌa ꞌꞌna -zakpɩ -bue ꞌyɔ nyiɛ -lrɩɩ-ɩ -nɩꞌe ꞌbho.
*Zeziiꞌa ꞌwlʋwlʋsʋ
(Luukɩ 2:1-7)
18A -gblee, -ka *Zezii *Kliisɩ ꞌwlʋwlʋꞌa ꞌmʋti, ꞌkla-a ꞌka-a: ꞌƆ ꞌlotʋ, *Malii ꞌmo-o *ꞌZɩzɛɛfʋꞌa wɔnbha. -Da ʋn -ke ɔ -seeꞌa -dalue ti-de ke a, ꞌbho-o ʋn ꞌbhle -nɩꞌe -nɩgblaa. Ʋn ꞌka -nɩgblaa ꞌbhle a, *-Lagɔꞌɔ Lisaazuzu ꞌdree ꞌnʋ-ʋ ꞌmʋ ti. 19-Ka ɛ ꞌꞌdu -nɩꞌa -Lagɔꞌɔ Lisaazuzuꞌa wɔnkuɛ ꞌmʋ ʋn ꞌbhle -nɩ ɛ-bɛ -nɩgblaa ꞌmnɛ, ꞌwa wɔnbha ꞌZɩzɛɛfʋ -mnɔɔ se ɩ yibo. ꞌƆ dɩlikpʋnkamʋ ɔ -see ꞌybha ɔ ꞌke ʋ gbɔ-za ꞌbho nyʋ ꞌweeꞌa ꞌꞌyigbeyi. Ɔ ꞌbɔ-ɔ ti ɔ -ke ʋn ꞌke ꞌle ꞌꞌzizekwla ꞌmʋ ꞌꞌyrilisʋsɔ -nɩ. 20Ɔ-ɔ popoꞌa ꞌtɔ -kaa ꞌgwlʋti a, ꞌle -Lagɔ gboꞌa -dalbhoyi -lue ꞌye ɔ -bodɩ yi ꞌle ya ꞌmʋ. Ɔ na: Daviidɩꞌa ꞌꞌnayu, ꞌZɩzɛɛfʋ, -aꞌa -pɔlʋꞌa ꞌkɔlʋ -nɩ Maliiꞌa ꞌꞌkpi -le! ꞌꞌLuo nʋ ꞌmʋ, -ɩn ꞌke ʋ kpa, -ɛkedɩmaa, ꞌle -Lagɔꞌɔ Lisaazuzuꞌa wɔnkuɛ ꞌmʋ, ꞌle-e ʋn-ʋ fuo nɩꞌe ꞌꞌyu wɔn. 21Ʋn-ʋ ꞌye-e ꞌꞌyunyukpasu ꞌwlʋ -mʋ ꞌle -ɩn ꞌke ɔ *Zezii ꞌnynɩ ꞌꞌduu. Ɔbɔ ꞌmnɔ, ꞌɩnnɔ ꞌye ꞌɔ nyʋ ꞌpʋʋn mʋ ꞌle ꞌwa ꞌꞌnyinynidɩ ꞌmʋ ꞌbho -aꞌba -Kɔyi -Lagɔꞌɔ ꞌꞌyigbeyi. 22A -gblee, -ka -aꞌba -Kɔyi ꞌmnɔ ꞌlɛ ꞌka ꞌɔ wluꞌa ꞌmʋtizayi ʋn-ʋ ꞌlaꞌa *Ezayii ꞌꞌyi see, ꞌɛ ꞌꞌyriꞌa ꞌbɩ-ɩ ꞌwlʋꞌo -daa. Ɔ na:
23ꞌNynaakpʋdraa-a seꞌa nyukpasu yibo tukutuku, ʋn-ʋ ꞌye-e -nɩgblaa ꞌbhle -mʋ, ꞌle, ꞌꞌyu ʋn-ʋ ꞌyeꞌa ꞌwlʋ mʋ a, ʋn ꞌke ɔ Emanuɛlɩ ꞌla. ꞌƐ ꞌzɔ-ɔ ꞌmo-o: -A -ke -Lagɔ -naꞌo.
24ꞌZɩzɛɛfʋ nʋꞌa -kaa, ɔ -sɔꞌɔ-ɔ ꞌꞌnynɔɔ ꞌmʋ. -Ka -Lagɔ gboꞌa -dalbhoyi ꞌlɛꞌɛ ꞌtɩn, ꞌka-a ɔ nʋꞌo ꞌle ɔ ꞌye ꞌle Malii jri kpakpakamʋ. 25Ɩ ziꞌa -kaa a, ɔ -fuo ꞌnʋ-ʋ wɔn -kpayɩ! ʋn ꞌye -gba. Ʋn ꞌwlʋꞌa ɔ-bɔ ꞌꞌyu ꞌmnɔ ꞌle ɔ ꞌye ɔ ꞌnynɩ ꞌꞌduu. Ɔ ꞌlɔ ɔ Zezii-ɔ, -yrɔzaa, ꞌle ɔ -ke Malii ꞌye linyinyni.


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Carl Gustav Jung
Carl Gustav Yung yɔɔdaɣ taa lɛ pɩlʊʊ se /ˈkarl ˈɡʊstaf ˈjʊŋ/ ɛkɛ ɛyʊ fitenum ɖɔkɔtɔ Suwisi ɛjaɖɛ taa, palʊla-ɩ hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ 26 pɩnaɣ 1875 Kesswil (Thurgovi kantɔŋ taa) nɛ ɛsɩ mɩsɩkʊm fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 6 pɩnaɣ 1961 taa kɛ Küsnacht (Zurich kaŋtɔŋ taa Suwisi ɛjaɖɛ taa.
Paasɩŋ keekee Carl Gustav Jung fezuu caɣʊ tɔm sakɩyɛ. Mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ ekiza se ɛɛmaɣ ɛ-maɣmaɣ ɛ-tɩ tɔm takayasɩ taa. Ɛyʊ weyi payaɣ se Aniéla Jaffé mana ɛ-yɔɔ tɔm, ɛnʊ pɩzɩna nɛ ɛñɩtɩna Jung nɛ ɛmʊ ɛ-yɔɔ tɔm takayasɩ nasɩyɛ kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 1957, ŋngʊ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 83.
Carl Gustav Jung palʊla-ɩ pɩnaɣ 1875 Kesswil, Suwisi ɛjaɖɛ taa, kɛ Caama cejewiye naɖɩyɛ liɖe taa kɛlɛ cɛjɛ hɔɔlʊʊ taa ɛ-caa kaakɛ Luther tɛ pasɩtɔr. Ɖoyo hɔɔlʊʊ taa lɛ, Jung lɩna ɖɔkɔtɔ naa sakɩyɛ tɛ. Ɛ-takayaɣ ŋga ɛya-kɛ hɩɖɛ se Me-fezuu yɔ ka-taa ɛlɩzɩ tɔbʊʊ nɛ ɛwɩlɩ ɛzɩma ɛsɔɔlɩ Ɛsɔ Tɔm kpem nɛ ɖɔkɔtɔ tʊmɩyɛ yɔ.
E-ɖoo Emilie, palʊla-ɩ Preiswerk ɛ-tɛ nɛ Nürtingen kiŋ nɛ ɛ-tɛ lʊlʊʊ taa pɛkpɛndɩ ɛyaa hiu nɛ naalɛ. Pɩkɔma lɛlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 14 pɩnaɣ 1903, ɛkpaɣ halʊ Emma Rauschenbacch, ɛ nɛ-ɩ palʊlɩ piyaa kagbanzɩ. Emma tɛ mba lukaɣna waacɩ naa nɛ paawɛ ñɩm kpem nɛ pɛwɛɛ Schaffhouse kaŋtɔŋ taa.


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Jorge Luis Borges
Jorge Luis Borges Arɩzantini (Argentin) ɛjaɖɛ taa tʋ. Ɛ-hɩɖɛ tɩŋɛ kpeekpe kɛlɛ kɛlɛʋ kɛlɛ size Jorge Francisco Isidoro Luis Borges Acevedo. Ɛkɛ abalʋ weyi ɛfɛyɩ felendu kpataa yɔ.
Palʋla ɖajaa ɛnɛ kɩyɛɛna fenaɣ taa, kɩyakʋ hiŋ naalɛ nɛ naanza (24) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1899 n̄ɩŋga taa. Palʋla-ɩ Puyenezɛrɩ tɛtʋ taa. Ɛkɛ n̄amtʋ pɩɣa ɛ-taabalaa nɛ ɛ-samaɣ taa ñɩma cɔlɔ.
Ɛ-pɩjatʋ taa ɛɛkɛ pɩɣa ŋga kɛwɛ lɛɣtʋ siŋŋ yɔ. Ɛsɩba mɩsɩkʋm fenaɣ taa, kɩyakʋ hiu nɛ naanza (14) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1986 n̄ɩŋga taa. Ɛsɩba Senɛɛvɩ tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ taa Suwisi ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛsɩkaɣ lɛ, ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ hiŋ lutozo nɛ lʋbɛ (87).
Ɖajaa Jorge Luis Borges kɛ Arɩzantini ɛjaɖɛ tɛ takayasɩ mayʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ siŋŋ. Ɛma ɛ-takayasɩ ndɩ ndɩ sakɩyɛ. Ɛma ɖɔɖɔ keɣsi takayɩsɩ sakɩyɛ.
Ɛma ɛ-takayɩsɩ taa takɩm ndɩ ndɩ tɔm nɛ ɛtɛ ɛma aseɣɖe tɔm. Arɩzantini tʋ, ɖajaa Jorge Luis Borges takayasɩ mayʋ ɛnɛ, ɛ-caa payaɣ size Jorge Guillermo Borges. Ɛ-caa kɛ tɔm hʋyʋ sɔsɔ kpimkpi. Ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ sukuli wɩlɩyʋ. Ɛyʋ fɩtɩyɩm taa maɣzɩm ndɩ ndɩ lɛɣtʋ piliŋa sukuli ɛwɩlaɣ.


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Kanzasii
Kanzasii kɛna Etaazunii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ cikpetʊ natʊyʊ. Nɛ Etazuunii ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ ajɛya cikpena naayɛ nɩɩnɩwa kpɛndɩna nɛ aɖʊ nɔɔ nɛ awɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ taa kpaɩ. Etaazunii tɔbʊʊ nɛ kabɩyɛ taa se ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ. Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩcɔ ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ nɛ tɩta yɔ ndʊ yɔ: Wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ Misuurii, wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa kiŋ lɛ Koloradoo hadɛ kiŋ lɛ Oklahoma yɔ tɩwɛna.
Pamaza Kanzasii ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ taa lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ ɛzɩ 2 13 283 km2 nɛ ɖenɖe tɛtʊ ñabɩ wɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 211 900 km2 yɔ nɛ ɖenɖe lɩm ñɛwɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe ñɛwɛʊ ɛzɩ 1 196 km2 yɔ pʊtɔbʊʊ se pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 0,96 yɔ kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ. Ɛjaɖ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩkɛŋna 45 ñɩnɖɛ ɛyaa ɖɔʊ taa kɛ Etazuunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ kpeekpe taa.Kanzasii taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Topeka nɛ tɩ-taa ɖɔɖɔ kɛ ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ. nɛ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ yɔ ndʊ lɛ Wiziitaa.
Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɖɩ kɛŋna ɛjaɖɛ 34 ñɩnɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩsʊ Etaazunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊɣ ŋgbɛyɛ taa yɔ. Ɛlɛ pɩɩkɛ kɔlaɣ fenaɣ 29 nkʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 1861. Pɩnaɣ 2010 taa paakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ paana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 2 853 118 yɔ.
Payaɣ Kanzasii ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-ñʊʊdʊ se Jeff Colyer (R) piyele nɛ komina ñʊndinaa kɔyɔ: Pat Roberts (R) nɛ Jerry Moran (R).
Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, kɩfɛyɩ kpayɩ kpayɩ.


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Kpɩna wena atuu a-lotu yɔɔ yɔ
Kpɩna kɩkala yaa kpɩna wena atuu a-lotu yɔɔ yɔ, Kpɩna kɩkala yaa kpɩna wena atuu a-lotu yɔɔ yɔ, pɩkɛ tataa kpɩna wena aɖaɣlaa nɛ a-yɔɔ wɛɛ pɔɔya yɔ. Paa pɛwɛna tɔnɩŋ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ kpɩna lɛŋa kɔyɔ nɛ pɔ-yɔɔ wɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ pɔɔya yɔ, nɔɔnɔɔ kpɩna kɩkala, kpaɣ ñɩŋ, caafela mbʊ yɔ pɛwɛ ndɩ sumasi. Ɛlɛ ñɩŋ pɩlʊʊ kɔyɔ papa nɛ sumasi nasɩyɛ palɩ ɖama nɛ pɛwɛɛ ndɩ nɛ kpaɣ ɛzɩ kamasɩ nɛ caafela mbʊ yɔ. Mbʊ ɖɔɖɔ ɖɩkpaɣ kpɩna kɩkala ana a-tɩŋa yɔ pɛfɛyɩ ɖɔɖɔ pa-tɩŋa ɖeyi ɖeyi, pɩwɛ ndɩ ndɩ.
Kajalaɣ kpɩna wena paɖʊ-yɛ pɩlʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa yɔ alɩ tɛtʊ yɔɔ ɖooo malaa yaa akaa wɛɛ taa, nɛ pɩkpɛndɩna ɖɔɖɔ ɖooo pɩdaa coluu huɖuu wɛɛ. Kajalaɣ sɩɣlɛŋgbɛm mɔɔ tɩnaa mba papɩza pacaɣ tɛtʊ yɔɔ cɩna, pɛtɛyɩ pa-tɩ nɛ palɩɩ kpɩna ndɩ ndɩ sakɩyɛ. Sɔnɔ kpɩna wena atuu a-lotu yɔɔ atalɩ kpɩna 9000 mbʊ yɔ pɩnaɣ 2011. Kpɩnɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-hɩɖɛ tɔbʊʊ se pʊtʊ weyi etuu e-lotu yɔɔ yɔ. Yatʊ ndʊ tɩwɩlɩɣ se pɩkɛ Kiɖe tɛɛ ɖʊm nɛ ɖɩlɩna latɛŋ kʊnʊŋ taa mbʊ se reptare pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se lotu yɔɔ tuu.
Pɩcɔ nɛ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ pɛ-tɛ pɩlɩtʊ tɔm lɛ, Aristote kaatɛma lɩzɩɣ kpɩna hɔɔlɩŋ 50 nɛ paya-yɛ kpɩna kitutunaa (epπetόv). Ɛlɩzɩɣ-yɛ com com a-taa kɔyɔ, kamasɩ ñɩnzɩ nɛ sɩ-hɔɔlʊʊ, ñɩŋ nɛ ɛ-hɔɔlʊʊ, ɖʊmaa ñɛwɛɛ nɛ sayɛɛ wɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ. Ɛɖʊ tʊkaɣ pa-nɛ kpakpasɩ, sumasi nɛ naŋgbanzɩ naanaza tɩnaa lalaa. Ɛ-tɛ pɩlʊʊ paɣtʊ taa lɛ, sɩɣlɛŋgbɛm kpɩna ana nɛ calɩm ñɩnaa ana wɛ ndɩ pɩlɩna a-tomnasi taa wondu natʊyʊ naa cɔlɔ (kpaɣ hʊzʊŋ, piyuu huɖuu, loyuu tiku huɖuu mbʊ yɔ) nɛ ɖɔɖɔ pɛ-tɛ wɛtʊ pɔ-yɔɔ pɔɔya, pa-nsʊlɩmɩyɛ nɛ pɛ-tɛ yalaa ɖʊʊ.
Caafeɖe kɛ kpɩna kututunaa taa kpɩnɛ kɩbɩnɖɛ, ɖeɖe nɛ sɔnɔ yɔ patalɩ pe-tiiye taa ɛzɩ 330 mbʊ yɔ nɛ pekpeɣli-wɛ com com hɔŋ 14. Pɛwɛ ndɩ nɛ pasɩma-wɛ nɛ pɔ-pɔyɩŋ weyi ehuuza pɔ-yɔɔ yɔ nɛ pɔ-tɔɔyaa ɛpɩzɩ se pɔtɔɔ-wɛ yɔ. Ɛ nɛ ɛnʊ yɔ ɛwɛna pɔɔɖɛ laŋɩyɛ taa nɛ siɣye taa nɛ pɔɔyaa ana a-naalɛ atamsɩna ɖama nɛ mɔɔ kondoloko naa naalɛ. Pɔɔyaa ana a-naalɛ a-yɔɔ wɛ cikpenaa naayɛ tayi tayi kɛ kpɩnɛ yɔɔ. Caafelaa fɛyɩna kela kɛlɛ ɛwɛ njʊyɛ nɛ ɖɩ-taa pʊtʊ weyi ɛsɛtɩɣ ɛ-tɔɔnasɩ yɔ. Caafelaa wɛ paalee, mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ ɖɩnaɣ se naayɛ wɛ tɛtʊ yɔɔ, lɛɛna ñɛwɛɛ lɩm taa, lɛɛna ñɛwɛɛ pɔsɩ nɔsɩ kpɛɛɛ paa ɛzɩmta kɛlɛ pʊcɔ ŋna-yɛ tɛtʊ maɣmaɣ yɔɔ ɛlɩ yalaa ɖʊʊ.


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Kedeŋa tʋʋzʋʋ lɛɣtʋ
Lɛɣtʋ piliŋa nakɛyɛ wɛɛ nɛ kɔcɔŋna ɛzɩma kedeŋa wɛɛ yɔ pʋ-yɔɔ. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se, kɛkpɛlɛkɩɣ se katɩlɩ kedeŋa yɔɔ wɛtʋ nɛ kama nɛ katʋʋzɩ kedeŋa wɛtʋ ndɩ ndɩ takayɩsɩ taa. Lɛɣtʋ piliŋa ŋ́ga keyekina se ɛyʋ ɛtɩlɩ mbʋ pɩlakɩ nɛ yolum yoluu nɛ lʋŋʋyɛ lʋŋʋʋ yɔ. Lɛɣtʋ piliŋa ŋ́ga keheyiɣna ɛyʋ soŋaɣ alɩwaatʋ nɛ niikaɣ alɩwaatʋ. Kasɩma kedeŋa kpeekpe yɔɔ cɩnɛ hɔɔlɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ tɛ wɛtʋ ndɩ ndɩ. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se kasɩma se, Amerika tɛtʋ wandamm taa lɛ, yolum yoluu alɩwaatʋ tʋnɛ nɛ tʋnɛ nɛ lʋŋʋyɛ ñalʋŋ alɩwaatʋ tʋnɛ nɛ tʋnɛ. Kasɩma se, Eerɔpʋ tɛtʋ wandamm taa lɛ, alɩwaatʋ tʋnɛ nɛ tʋnɛ yolum yoluu nɛ alɩwaatʋ tʋnɛ nɛ tʋnɛ lʋŋʋyɛ lʋŋʋʋ.
Aazii tɛtʋ wandamm taa ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, lɛɣtʋ piliŋa ŋ́ga kasɩma ɖɔɖɔ alɩwaatʋ ndʋ lʋŋʋyɛ lʋŋʋʋ nɛ yolum ñoyoli yɔ. Tobi se, lɛɣtʋ piliŋa ŋ́ga, kasɩma kedeŋa kpeekpe tɛtʋ wandamm wandamm waa tɩŋa taa wɛtʋ ndɩ ndɩ.
Lɛɣtʋ piliŋa ŋ́ga katʋʋzʋʋna paa tɛtʋ wandamm ndʋ lɛ ti-lone nɛ tɩ-walanzɩ nɛ tɩ-laŋ nɛ tɩ-tɛtʋ wɛtʋ nɛ tɩ-taa ñɩm ndɩ ndɩ. Lɛɣtʋ piliŋa ŋ́ga kañɩnɩɣna nɛ katɩlɩ paa tɛtʋ wandamm ndʋ lɛ tɩ-ajɛya ñʋʋ. Lɛɣtʋ piliŋa ŋ́ga kañɩnɩɣna nɛ katʋʋzɩ paa ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ lɛ, ɖi-lone nɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ nɛ ɖɩ-tɛtʋ wɛtʋ nɛ tɩ-taa ñɩm tɩŋa lona.
Paa ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ lɛ, pɛtɛyɩ-ɖɩ ageeta sɔsɔŋ ndɩ ndɩ nɛ paa egeetiye nɖɩ lɛ, pɛtɛyɩ-ɖɩ hɔɔlɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ. Pɩtɩŋa payɩ mbʋ yɔ, lɛɣtʋ piliŋa ŋ́ga kañɩnɩɣna nɛ katɩlɩ pɩtŋa nɛ katʋʋzɩ ɛyaa takayɩsɩ taa. Lɛɣtʋ piliŋa ŋ́ga ɖɔɖɔ kañɩnɩɣna nɛ katɩlɩ haba sɔsɔna ndɩ ndɩ nɛ cikpena wena pɛhɛ paa ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ lɛ, ɖɩ-taa yɔ. Lɛɣtʋ piliŋa ŋ́ga, kañɩnɩɣ ɖɔɖɔ se katɩlɩ tomiye nɖɩ ɖɩwɛ ɛyʋ nɛ mbʋ pʋcɔ-ɩ payɩ nɛ pɩta yɔ pɛ-hɛkʋ taa.


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Cɛkasɩ lɩzɩtʋ
Cɛkasɩ lɩzɩtʋ (rayonnement) kɛ ɖoŋ weyi ɛlɛɣnɩ ñalamɩyɛ taa yɔ. Cɛkasɩ lɩzɩtʋ wɛ ndɩ ndɩ. Nazɩyʋ hɔmtʋ cɛkasɩ lɩzɩtʋ wɛɛ. Wilitu nɩʋ tɛ cɛkasɩ lɩzɩtʋ ñɛwɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ.
Kɔtɩɩ tomnasɩ tɛ cɛkasɩ lɩzɩtʋ ñɛwɛɛ. Cɛkasɩ lɩzɩtʋ tʋnɛ, pɩpɩzɩ pɩkɛ nazɩyʋvɛyɛ pe (neutrons), pɩpɩzɩ pɩkɛ nazɩyʋ sɩɣlɩyaa (protons), pɩpɩzɩ pɩkɛ nazɩyʋ pe. Kɔtɩɩ tomnasɩ tɛ cɛkasɩ lɩzɩtʋ pɩzɩɣ pɩkɛ ɖɔɖɔ « alpha » hɔɔlaɣ piye (particules alpha). Pɩpɩzɩ pɩkɛ mʋntʋsaɣ yaa mʋntʋsʋʋ piye (photons). Pɩpɩzɩ pɩkɛ nazɩyʋvɛyɩyasɩ (neutinos). Cɛkasɩ lɩzɩtʋ pila pila wɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ. Cɛkasɩ lɩzɩtʋ pila pila pɩzɩɣ pɩkɛ nazɩyʋ hɔmɩyɛ.
Pʋcɔnɛ nɛ ɛyʋ pɩzɩ ɛkpɛlɛkɩ nɛ ɛtɩlɩ hɔɔlaɣ piye nɛ pila pila tɛ pɛ-wɛtʋ camɩyɛ lɛ, pʋpɔzʋʋ se pakpaɣ pa-taa weyi lɛ nɖeke. Pʋbʋ papɩzɩɣ pɔyɔɔdɩ se cɛkasɩ lɩzɩtɩ kɛ nazɩyʋ hɔmɩyɛ. Pɩkɛ ɖɔɖɔ mʋntʋsʋʋ pe naayɛ. Papɩzɩɣ pɔtɔ ɖɔɖɔ se hɔɔlaɣ piye nɛ pila pila tɛ pɛkɛ mbʋ pʋhɔŋ nazɩyʋ hɔmɩyɛ yɔ.


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Indiyaanaa
Indiyaanaa kɛna Etaazunii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ cikpetʊ natʊyʊ. Nɛ Etazuunii ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ ajɛya cikpena naayɛ nɩɩnɩwa kpɛndɩna nɛ aɖʊ nɔɔ nɛ awɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ taa kpaɩ. Etaazunii tɔbʊʊ nɛ kabɩyɛ taa se ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ.
Pamaza Indiyaanaa ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ taa lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ ɛzɩ 93 321 km2 nɛ ɖenɖe tɛtʊ ñabɩ wɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 92 897 km2 yɔ nɛ ɖenɖe lɩm ñɛwɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe ñɛwɛʊ ɛzɩ 1 424 km2 yɔ pʊtɔbʊʊ se pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 1,51 yɔ kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩkɛŋna 45 ñɩnɖɛ ɛyaa ɖɔʊ taa kɛ Etazuunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ kpeekpe taa. Indiyaanaa taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Indianapolis nɛ tɩ-taa ɖɔɖɔ kɛ ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ.
Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɖɩ kɛŋna ɛjaɖɛ kajalaɣ ñɩnɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩsʊ Etaazunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊɣ ŋgbɛyɛ taa yɔ. Ɛlɛ pɩɩkɛ saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 11 ŋkʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 1816. Pɩnaɣ 2010 taa paakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ paana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 64 838 012 yɔ.
Payaɣ Indiyaanaa ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-ñʊʊdʊ se Eric Holcomb (R) piyele nɛ komina ñʊndinaa kɔyɔ: Joe Donnelly (D), Todd Young (R). Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, ŋgʊ lɛ yɔ Aŋgilisi.


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Hɛkʊ nɛ Hɛkʊ Alɩwaatʊ
Hɛkʊ nɛ Hɛkʊ Alɩwaatʊ kɛ Eerɔpʊ tɛ canaʊ tɔm alɩwaatʊ. Alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɩpaɣzɩna kpaɣɖʊ 5 pʊwolo pɩtalɩ kpaɣɖʊ 15. Kpaɣɖʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-tɛ alɩwaatʊ taa Room Wɩsɩ Ɖɩɖʊyɛ tɛ Ampiiri paɣzɩ tɔlʊʊ nɛ kɩtɛzɩ tɛŋgɛlɛɛ Ɖanʊʊ lʊlʊʊ alɩwaatʊ nɛ kajalaɣ ñɩnʊʊ nɛ natʊ sɔsɔtʊ alɩwaatʊ.
Wɛɛ anaa awɛ kɩbɩnjaazɩ alɩwaatʊ nɛ alɩwaatʊ kɩfatʊ pɛ-hɛkʊ taa, alɩwaatʊ ndʊ pɛtɛyɩ-tʊ pʊɖɔɔ. Ɖɩnaɣ hayi Alɩwaatʊ Kɩmaɣnatʊ (kpaɣɖʊ 6 ŋtalɩ 10 ŋgʊ), hɛkʊ Alɩwaatʊ Kɩmaɣnatʊ (kpaɣɖʊ 11 ŋtalɩ 13 ŋgʊ) nɛ kɩɖɩnatʊ Alɩwaatʊ Kɩmaɣnatʊ (kpaɣɖʊ 14 ŋtalɩ 15 ŋgʊ).
Ɛyaa kɩɩɖɔʊ nɛ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ kɩɩɖɔʊ nɛ ɛyaa sʊʊ nɛ lɩʊ kɛ kɩbɩnjaazɩ kɩɖɩnaʊ alɩwaatʊ taa wɛ halɩ pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩ hayi Kɩmaɣnaʊ Alɩwaatʊ nɛ ɛyaa mɛɛsa tokuli waa sʊʊ nɛ pasɩɩ kewiisi kɩfasɩ kɛ Room Wɩsɩ Ɖɩɖʊyɛ ajɛyɛ kɩbɩna lonaa taa. Paa yee alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa lɛɛzɩtʊ ɛlaba pɩlɩna ɛyaa ɛsakuliye cɔlɔ kɔyɔ, patapɩzɩɣ patʊɣʊ pa-tɩ nɛ kɩbɩnjaazɩ cɔlɔ tɛ ŋgʊ. Room Ampiri wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa hɔɔlʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩɩna tɛtʊ ñamsʊʊ tɛ tɩlasɩ yɔ kɩɩwɛna ɖoŋ sɔsɔŋ nɩɩyɛ pɛ-ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ payaɣ-ɖɩ se Ampiri Pɩzantɛ.
Alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa kilesa kɩ-tɛ ajɛyɛ sakɩyɛ Wɩsɩ Ɖɩlɩyɛ kɩmaɣnɩyɛ taa nɛ Afrika nɛ Hayi kiŋ pɩtɩŋna malɩŋ ɛsɔ sɛtʊ ñʊŋ tɩ-naa kpaɣɖʊ 7 alɩwaatʊ taa. Wɩsɩ Ɖɩdʊyɛ taa lɛ, kewiisi ajɛyɛ naayɛ mʊwaaɣ Room paɣtʊ naa sakɩyɛ, pɩ-tɛ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa lɛ, Krɩstʊ ɛsɔ sɛtʊ aŋgba kaaɖɩna a-tɩ cɛyʊʊ nɛ amaɣ maacɔ yaa mʊwanɩ waa ɛsɔ sɛtʊ kuduyuŋ.
Frankɩ waa kewiyaɣ ɖɛzɩtʊ alɩwaatʊ, ɛyaa mba paɖanɩ fezuu Wɩsɩ Ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa Krɩstʊ ñɩma tɛ Ampiri kɛ kpaɣɖʊ 9 alɩwaatʊ taa pʊcɔ kɩkɛsɩ kɩ-tɩ pɩlɩna Hayi yɔɔ Vikings waa tɛ yoŋ nɛ Hɔŋirii mba tɛ yoŋ nɛ Wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa yɔɔ kiŋ nɛ malɩŋ tɛ ñɩŋ nɛ Haɖɛ yɔɔ kiŋ.
Pɩnaɣ kudoku wayi lɛ, kpaɣna Alɩwaatʊ kɩmaɣnatʊ hɛkʊ taa ndʊ taa lɛ, Eerɔpʊ ajɛyɛ taa ɛyaa ɖɔ piŋ pɩtɩŋna lɛɛzʊʊ kpɛlɩ nɛ kpɛlɩ tɩlɩtʊ yɔɔ, mbʊ piyeba nɛ pehikiɣ tɔɔnasɩ sakɩyɛ haɖaʊ hɔɔlʊʊ taa.