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Nandaka
Ɛyʊ tɛ lɛ, nandaka kɛna nesi tɛ hɔɔlʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩkpaɣna nesi ajɔɔ taa nɛ pɩkɔɔ pɩsɩɩna cɩkpaŋ yɔ. Tɛtɛ kpɩna taa lɛ, ahʊwaa nɛ tɩgbayɩŋ nɛ tɛtɛ kpɩna nayɛ cabɩ yeke wɛŋna nandasɩ. Paa ɛyʊ tɛ yaa tɛtɛ kpɩna ana a-tɛ tɛ yɔ, nandasɩ nasɩlɛ wɛna: lɩmɩyɛ nandaka nɛ nesi kɩpanzɩ ñɩŋga.
Ɛyʊ nesi wɛna hɔɔlɩŋ naatozo: nimviɖe, nɛŋgbɛŋga nɛ nandaka. Noŋgoloŋga tamna nɛŋgbɛŋga nɛ nimviɖe, nesi ajɔɔ ñɛwɛna avnt-bras nɛ nandaka pɛhɛkʊ taa. Hɔɔlɩŋ niitozo ɩnʊ ɩ-taa payɩ lɛ, nimviɖe kɩlana kpeetʊʊ. Nimviɖe kpeetaa, ɛlɛ, nɛŋgbɛŋga kɩlɩna ɖaalʊʊ. Ɛyʊ wɛʊ toma taa ɖɔŋ siŋŋ yɔ, pɩlɩna ɛzɩma ɛ-mɔɔ cɛyaa yɔ; pɩkɩlɩna e-nimviɖe taa ɖoŋ. Nimviɖe taa ɖoŋ kɩla wɛʊ ɛyʊ nesi hɔɔlɩŋ tɩŋga taa. Ɛyʊ pɩzʊʊ nɛ ɛɖɔŋ yaa eseu yɔ, pɩlɩna e-nesi fiiduu yɔɔ.
Ɛyʊ nesɩ wɛna hɔɔlɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ nɛ ɛ-taa kɔyɔ: hamʊ, nimviɖe, noŋgoloŋga, nɛŋgbɛŋga, nesi ajɔɔ taa, nɛ nandaka. Hamʊʊ taa wɛ mɔɔ sɔsɔna naatozo. Nimviɖe taa ñɛwɛna mɔɔyɛ kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ kpayɩ, pʊtɔbʊ se peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ tomnaɣ nandʊ kɩla wɛʊ kɛ nesi yɔɔ, piyele noŋgoloŋga ñɛwɛna nimviɖe nɛ nɛŋgbɛŋga pɛhɛkʊ taa; noŋgoloŋga ŋga, kɔyɔɔ kɛ ɛyʊ pɩzʊ ekotiɣu yaa eposiɣu e-nesi.
Nɛŋgbɛŋga taa nɛ mɔɔ sɔsɔna naalɛ. Nesi ajɔɔ taa peeɖe wɛna wazaɣ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ noŋgoloŋga yɔ; pʊtɔbʊʊ se nesi ajɔɔ yekina nɛ nɛŋgbɛŋga nɛ nandaka pɔcɔʊ nɛ ɛyʊ pɩzʊ ɛlakɩ ɛ-tɔma; pɩkazɩ nɛ nandaka yɔɔ kɛ nee kagbaanzɩ wɛɛ. Paatɔŋ se mbʊ paale pɩwɛɛ, mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, nabayɩ wɛna nee pɩɖɛɛ kagbaanzɩ yɔɔ yaa pɩtatalɩ mbʊ. Nee ana a-taa kɔyɔ: abalɩ niye, niye ɛzaɣʊ, hɛkʊ taa niye, cʊcʊlɩ paŋga nɛ kɔcɔlɔ ñɩndɛ.
Abalɩ niye wɛna ɖiɖeke kpayɩ nɛ nabayɩ tɛ lɛ, ɛyʊ ɛlaba nabʊyʊ nɛ pɩwɛ ɖeu kamaɣ fɛyɩ kɔyɔ, pakpazɩɣ-ɩ abalɩ niye nɖɩ tʊʊʊ nɛ pɩwɩlɩ se pasama-ɩ. Niye ɛzaɣʊ yaa paɣtʊ niye lɛ, ɛyʊ ɛlaba mbʊ pɩtatɩɩ fɛyɩ ɖeu kɔyɔ, nɖɩ pawɩlɩɣna-ɩ nɛ papaɣ-ɩ paɣtʊ se wiɖii ɛtaatasɩ mbʊ labʊ yaa pakalɩ-ɩ.
Pɩwɛ mbʊ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, niye ɖɩnɛ ɖɩwɛna wazaɣ ɖɔɖɔ kamaɣ fɛyɩ: nɖɩ ɛyʊ ɛtɔɔ tɔɔnaɣ nɛ e-nesi kɔyɔ, ekonuuna ñanaɣ taa camɩyɛ. Paakpazʊʊ nee ana mbʊ yɔ, pokotuu lɛɛna. Hɛkʊ taa niye kɩlɩna nee ana atɩŋgaa ɖaalʊʊ. Nee taa ɔɔ wɛɛ nɛ paa niye nɖɩ lɛ, ɖikotuu tɔm nabutozo taa ɛlɛ abalɩniye ɖeke kotuuna tɔm nabʊlɛ nɛ nɖɩ ɖɔɖɔ kɩlɩna toboyuu. Paa niye nɖɩ ɖɩtɛzɩna cikpalʊʊ.


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Salif Keïta
Palʊla Salif Keïta kɛ Joliba tɛtyʊ taa, malii ɛjaɖɛ taa kɛ kɩyɛna fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 25 ŋgʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 1949. Ɛkɛna Malii ɛjaɖɛ taa hendu teyu sɔsɔ nɔɔyʊ. Salif Keïta liɖe taa mba yɔ ɖooo Maali kewiyaɣ ñazɩyaa taa mba tɛ cejewiye nɖɩ pa-anɩ ɛzɩma-ɖɩ nɛ payaɣ nɔɔyʊ se Soundiata Keïta yɔ. Ɛzɩma ɛnʊ ɛzɩ Salif Keïta kaakɛna kpaaja lɛ, nɔɔyʊ taatɩɩsɔɔlɩ ɛ-tɔm. Ɛbɛ yɔɔ kɛ pataasɔɔlɩ-ɩ, mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, pɛ-tɛ ɛsakuliye nɛ sɔnzɩ taa lɛ, pakpakaaɣ kpajana ɛzɩ pɛkɛna ɛyaa mba ɛzɩ pɛha-wɛ nɛ pɛwɛna ɖɔɖɔ feziŋ kɩdɛkɛdɩŋ sakɩyɛ yɔ.
Ɛtɛmsa e-sukuli lɛ, ɛsɔɔlɩ se ɛkɛna wɩlɩyʊ, ɛlɛ pekizi-i mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, pakpaɣ-ɩ se ɛkɛna kpaaja, ɛtaakɔɔ nɛ ɛɖɛzɩ e-sukuli pɩya. Peeɖe ɛmaɣza ɛ-ñʊʊtaa nɛ ɛkpaɣ lɩmaɣza se ɛpɩsɩ hendu teyu. Ɛlɛɛza lɩmaɣza ana mbʊ lɛ, e-cejewiye taa mba taa wɩzɩ pazɩ. Peeɖe tɛ sɔnzɩ taa lɛ, pɩtaha waɖɛ kɛ pa-anɩ lɛ se ete hendu yee ɛtalɩɩna keeɣsi maɖaa yaa weŋgaliyaa liɖe taa ɛyʊ kɔyɔ. Pɩtasɩ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, pasɩmna Keïta cejewetaa mba se pɛkɛna kewiitu taa ɛyaa.
Pɩla mbʊlɛ, ɛɖɛ ewolo Pamakoo tɛtʊ taa nɛ ɛcaɣ peeɖe pɩnaɣ 1968. Pɩla mbʊ nɛ ɛsʊ hendu teya ŋgbɛyɛ naɖɩyɛ taa. Pɔtɔma se Ɛsɔ ɛɛsɔʊ nɔɔyʊ yɔɔ. Pɩla mbʊ nɛ e-hendu teu taa pɩpazɩ pɩkɛna ɛyaa siŋŋŋ, mbʊ pʊyɔɔ ete e-hendu ndʊ nɛ esidina peeɖe sɔnzɩ nɛ hendu kɩfatʊ lɛɛtʊ taa. Pɩnaɣ 1973 kɛ ɛɖaɣna sʊʊ ŋgbɛyɛ kɩfaɖɛ lɛɛɖe taa nɛ ewolo ɛwɛɛ Abiijaŋ, Kotidiivuwarɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa.
Ɛ-pɛlɔ labɩ Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa takayaɣ nɛ pɩha-ɩ haɖɛ se ɛkɛna peeɖe-tʊ nɛ payaɣ-ɩ se Nantenin Keïta. Ɛzɩ peseɣu kolokasi kɛ mɛtanaa 400 kɛ mbʊ yɔ, pɛlɔ ɛnɛ nɔɔyʊ ɛɛɖɛɣʊ ɛ-yɔɔ. Tɩmʊʊ tɩŋgʊna liɖe, ɛlɛ ɖɔɖɔ mbʊ yɔ ɛkɛna kpaaja. Ɛlɛ pɩnzɩ 2008 nɛ 2016 kɛ mbʊ yɔ, ɛnʊ kɛŋna kolokaɣ seya taa kɔɔnaɣ-tʊ.

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Liidiye
Liidiye wɛ tam nabʋlɛ taa : liidiye hatʋ wɛɛ nɛ liidiye pɔɔyaɣ ñɛwɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ. Liidiye pɔɔyasɩ wɛ ndɩ ndɩ ɖɔɖɔ. Faɖam pɔɔyaɣ wɛɛ nɛ piyee pɔɔyaɣ ñɛwɛɛ. Piyee naalɛ pɔɔyaɣ wɛɛ nɛ canta pɔɔyaɣ ñɛwɛɛ. Nɩɩnʋwa pɔɔyaɣ wɛɛ nɛ mɩnʋʋ pɔɔyaɣ ñɛwɛɛ. Pʋ-wayɩ lɛ, taŋga pɔɔyaɣ wɛɛ.
Ñɩnɩyʋ sɔsɔ weyi payaɣ se Aristote yɔ, ɛtɔma se liidiye pɔɔyaɣ tʋŋ tʋma naadozo. Kajalaɣ lɛ, liidiye pɔɔyaɣ palakɩna akɔntɔ. Nabʋlɛ lɛ, pazɩɣ liidiye pɔɔyasɩ se sɩkɛ wazaɣ pʋyʋ nɛ liidiye pɔɔyaɣ wazaɣ naadozo ñɩŋa lɛ se, ŋgaa palakɩna tʋmɩyɛ siŋŋ tadɩyɛ nʋmɔʋ taa.
Liidiye pɔɔyasɩ wɛ wazaɣ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ. Ɛyʋ pɩzɩɣ ɛsɔɔlɩ se ɛyakɩ nabʋyʋ, ɛlɛ, ɛfɛyɩna liidiye pɔɔyasɩ nɛ pɛdɩyʋ ɖɔɖɔ ɛfɛyɩna cenji kɔyɔ, ɛɛpɩzɩɣ ɛya mbʋ ɛsɔɔlɩ yabʋ yɔ. Yee ɛyʋ ewoki poliŋ ɖoli nɛ ɛsɔɔlɩ se ɛsʋʋ takasii yaa nabʋyʋ taa kɔyɔ, ɛsɔɔlʋʋ se kpokponaa mba palakɩ tada yɔ, pa-taa nakʋyʋ ɛkpaɣna-ɩ nɛ ɛfɛyɩna liidiye pɔɔyasɩ nɛ kpokpo tʋ fɛyɩna ɖɔɖɔ kɔyɔ, pɩlakɩ-ɩ kaɖɛ siŋŋ. Nabʋyʋ taa kɔyɔ, pɩkɛ kɩjɛyʋʋ se ɛtalɩ ɖenɖe ewoki yɔ lɔŋ, ɛlɛ, liidiye pɔɔyasɩ yaa cenji kɩɩwɛʋ yɔɔ lɛ, ejiɣ wayɩ.
Ñɩɣlɩm ñɩɣtʋ polukina liidiye pɔɔyasɩ.


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Alizee
Alizee kɛna Alizeerii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ nɛ tɩ-taa ɖɔdɔ kɛ ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ lɛɛtʊ kpeekpe taa. Alizee wɛna Mediteranee teŋgu cɔlɔ kpam nɛ peeɖe ɖɔdɔ lɛ, maalikinaa ɖɔɔ. Pʊcɔ nɛ pakalɩɣ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ pɩnaɣ 2008 lɛ, tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-ɛyaa kpɛnda 2 481 788 ɛlɛ kewiyaɣ taa minisiɖinaa mba pɔcɔŋna ɖama nɩnaʊ nɛ ajɛya lɛɛna taabalɩyɛ yɔɔ yɔ, pɔtɔŋ se sɩŋŋŋ taa lɛ ɛyaa kpɛnda miliyɔɔnaa 4 400 000.
Keteŋa kpeekpe tʊmɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩcɔŋna tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ nɛ kɩgalʊʊ tʊma yɔɔ yɔ, ɖɩtɔŋ se pɩnaɣ 2010 taa lɛ Alizee tɛtʊ taa ɛyaa kpɛndamiliyɔɔnaa 6 727 806. Pɩnaɣ 2015 taa tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɛyaa kpɛndamiliyɔɔnaa 7 796 923 nɛ Maagrɛbʊ hɔɔlʊʊ taa payɩ lɛ, Alizee taa kɛ ɛyaa kɩlɩ ɖɔʊ.


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Canatʊ kʊdɔŋ
Canatʊ kʊdɔŋ (yaa Hansen kʊdɔŋ) kɛ heŋ kʊdɔŋ ɖoŋ ŋgʊ ŋgʊ kɩlɩna Mycobacterium leprae (ŋñɩɩ cɩkaɣ ŋga kɛwɛ ɛzɩ kpeziɣwɩlaɣ tɛ ŋga yɔ. Nɔrɩfɛzɩ tʊ Gerhard Armauer Hansen yebina nɛ patɩlɩ kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ pɩnaɣ 1873 alɩwaatʊ taa nɛ ɛwɩlɩɣ se kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ kɩkpaɣ tomnaɣ yɔɔ holaa, ɛyʊ tɔnʊʊ nɛ kɔɖɩɩ huɖuu nɛ pʊkɔŋna canatʊ sɔsɔtʊ. Kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ kɩwɛ paa ɛzɩmta sɔŋgaɣa ajɛyɛ taa (kɔzɩ kɔzɩ Azii ɛjaɖɛ taa). Kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ kɩkɩlɩɣ ɛyaa ɖɛʊ sakɩyɛ.
Ɖooo pitihiɣ canatʊ kʊdɔŋ ɛɛwaɣ nɛ kʊkʊʊ. Mbʊ yebina nɛ pɩnaɣ 1909 taa ajɛyɛ lɛɛna kʊdɔmɩŋ kpɛlɛkʊʊ ŋgbɛyɛ pɔzʊʊ tɛ lɛ, pɩwɛ se pɔɖɔnɩ canasɩ ɛyaa hɛkɩŋ taa nɛ pekpeliɣ-sɩ canasɩ ɖɔkɔtɔ naa taa, mbʊ kɛwɛna ɛzɩ maɣzɩm mbʊ palaba pakaɖɩ nɛ canatʊ kʊdɔŋ yɔ.
Sɔnɔ yɔ pawazɩɣ-kʊ pɩtɩŋna ɖɔkɔtɔ tɛ kɔ pee nɛ pala lɩmaɣza ndɩ ndɩ se palʊbɩna kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ nɛ lɛɛzɩɣ tɛ wonduu lɩwaɣ pɩlɩna ɛyaa mba pɔyɔɔ nɛ mbʊ palʊbɩna kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ yɔ.
Levetiki takayaɣ taa ñʊŋ 13 (1-4) wɩlɩɣ keele se papɩzɩɣ pañɩnɩ kʊdɔŋ pɩtɩŋna Ɛsɔ tɛ layʊ yɔ. Kɩpaɣlʊ yɔɔdɩna Moyizi nɛ Aaron nɛ ɛtɔŋ se yee ɛyʊ nɔɔyʊ ɛna ɛ-tomna yɔɔ egbembiye naɖɩyɛ yaa lɩlɩtʊ yaa tomiye kʊlʊmɖɩyɛ nɛ ɖɩwɛ ɛzɩ canatʊ heŋ yɔ kɛ e-tomnaɣ yɔɔ pʊpɔzɩɣ se powona-ɩ Ɛsɔ layʊ Aaron cɔlɔ yaa ɛ-pɩɣa nakɛyɛ ŋga kala kɩlaʊ Ɛsɔ ɖɔɖɔ yɔ.
Ɛsɔ layʊ takɩɣ heŋ taa pɩ-tɛ ɛyʊ ɛ-nʊ ɛ-tomnaɣ yɔɔ. Yee hʊnʊʊ ŋgʊ ɛtakɩɣna heŋ taa yɔ kɩpɩsɩɣ kʊhʊlʊmʊ nɛ heŋ taa eliŋga nɛ pɩkpaɖɩ e-tomnaɣ kɔyɔ pɩkɛ canatʊ heŋ.
Ɛsɔ tɛ layʊ weyi ɛtakɩɣ nɛ ɛna heŋ ɛ-nʊ mbʊ yɔ pɩzɩɣna nɛ ɛyɔɔdɩ se pɩ-tɛ ɛyʊ ɛ-nʊ ɛkɛ canaɣ. Yee e-tomnaɣ yɔɔ ɛwɛ tɔndɔlʊ kʊlʊmʊ nakʊyʊ nɛ kɩtakɩlɩ liŋguu kɔyɔ nɛ hɔnʊ ɛpɩsɩɣ kʊlʊmɩŋ kɔyɔ Ɛsɔ tɛ ɖɩkɩ-ɩ kuduyuu kɩyaakɩŋ lʊbɛ.
Layʊ tɛ tɔm kɛ tovonum, mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ ɛ-nʊ kɛwɛna Ɛsɔ nɛ ɛyaa pɛ-hɛkʊ taa nɛ ɛnɩɣ tɔm ndʊ Ɛsɔ tɩyaɣ ɛ-ɛyaa cɔlɔ yɔ. Yee pataka nɛ pana kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ ɛyʊ yɔɔ kɔyɔ pɩkɛna ɛyʊ ɛ-nʊ kɩjɛyʊ se ɛhɔzɩ e-wondu nɛ ɛñazɩ-tʊ mɩŋ nɛ ɛma kubusi se ɛkɛ canaɣ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ pɩkɛ sɩm sʊtʊ ɛ-maɣmaɣ. Levetiki cɔlɔ lɛ kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ kɩpɩzɩɣ kɩwɛ ɛyʊ tɔɔlaa yɔɔ. Pʊyɔɔ yɔɔ pʊpɔzɩɣ se pɔñɔtɩ ɛ-tɔɔlaa a-naa mɩŋ.
Canatʊ wɛʊ yɔ paasɩmatʊ ɖooo canaʊ alɩwaatʊ taa. Paasɩma-kʊ ɖooo pɩnzɩ 600 pʊcɔ palʊlʊʊ Yeesuu-Chrɩstʊ. Kɩɩwɛ Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ halɩ pamazɩɣ se yaa kɩɩlɩna Azii ɛjaɖɛ taa kɛnɛ. Palakaɣ tʊmɩyɛ génome yɔɔ lɛ pana se kɩlɩna Afrika wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ ɛjaɖɛ taa yaa hɛkʊ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ ajɛyɛ taa kiŋ pʊcɔ kɩtalɩ Azii nɛ Erɔpʊ ajɛyɛ taa.
Kɩtalɩ Afrika nɛ Wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa ajɛyɛ taa pɩtɩŋna Erɔpʊ nɛ hayi kiŋ nɔmɔ ɖɔnaa yɔɔ nɛ yoma nɛ pɩkɔ pɩtalɩ Karayibi nɛ Amerika nɛ Haɖɛ kiŋ ajɛyɛ taa.


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Maya
Maya ɛsakuliye, pɩkɛ kɩbɩnjaazɩ ɛsakuliye nɖɩ ɖɩɩwɛ Amerika nɛ hɛkʊ taa ɖenɖe pʊcɔ Kolombii ɛyaa kaawɛ yɔ nɛ pasɩma-ɖɩ nɛ ɖɩ-tɛ ɛsɩnda wobunau yɔɔ kɛ hɔɔlɩŋ ɛnɛ ɛ-taa, matʊ, nesi tɛɛ keɖeɣa tʊma, kuduyuŋ sɔsɔŋ matʊ tʊma, haɖaʊ tʊmɩyɛ, tʊʊzɩyɛ tʊmɩyɛ labʊ nɛ tɩyɩnzɩ tʊmɩyɛ kpɛlɛkʊʊ. Pɩkɛ pʊcɔ Kolombii waa wɛɛ taa ɛsakuliye taa naɖɩyɛ nɖɩ pakɩlɩ-ɖɩ labɩnaʊ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ yaa pɛkpɛlɛka ɖɩ-yɔɔ siŋ yɔ pɩtasɩna Azɩtɛkɩ waa nɛ Inka waa pa-ñɩna. Paawɛ wɛɛ ana a-taa kɛ lonaa wena sɔnɔ akɛ Mekɩsiki nɛ hadɛ yɔɔ kiŋ nɛ Peliizi nɛ Guatemela nɛ Honduras nɛ Salvador yɔ.
Pɩkɛ Amerika tɛ ɛsakuliye kɩbɩnɖɛ naɖɩyɛ. ɖɩlɩna ɖooo pʊcɔ canaʊ tɔm alɩwaatʊ taa. Lone kʊyʊmɖɩyɛ taa caɣyɛ paasɩma, maya taa, wɛɛ kɩbɩna, kpaɣ 7 nɛ 3 pɩnzɩ kudoku pʊcɔ palʊlɩ Yeesuu Krɩstʊ wɛɛ, ɛyaa kɩbɩma mba paana-wɛ Karayibi teŋgu nɛ Pasifiki lɩŋgamʊʊ nɔɔ kpɛɣɛ.
Maya ajɛyɛ tɛtʊ kɛ hadɛ yɔɔ tɛtʊ cikpetu taa ɛzɩ Kopan, Tikal yaa Palenk, hiɣ sooci wɛtʊ cɔlɩɩ kpaɣɖʊ alɩwaatʊ taa, kpaɣ nɛ kpaɣɖʊ 6 nɛ ŋtalɩ 9 ŋgʊ ɖa-kpaɣɖʊ taa, nɛ pʊcɔ lɔŋ lɔŋ yɔɔ lɛ, peyebu-kʊ Kpaɣɖʊ 8 nɛ 9 tɛmtʊ alɩwaatʊ taa. Ɛsɩpaañɩ ɛjaɖɛ ɛyaa tasɩna-wɛ haʊ sooci tɛ ɖoŋ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ powoba you nɛ Amerika ɛjaɖɛ yɔ kpaɣɖʊ 16 alɩwaatʊ taa yɔ. Maya ɛsakuliye wɛtʊ lɛɛzɩ siŋ pɩtɩŋna Ɛsɩpaañɩ ɛjaɖɛ tɛ caɣyɛ pɛ-tɛ ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊ yɔ.
Kedeŋga taatɩlɩ natʊyʊ paa ŋñɩɩ pɩlɩna mayaa waa yɔ pɩtalɩ pɩnzɩ mɩnʊʊ. Lakʊ kaakpaɣ kɩ-paɣtʊ pɩtɩŋna lonaa kɩbɩna yɔ nɛ pɩtasɩ pazɩ ɛzɩ Ɛsɩpañɔɔlɩ you wayi lɛ, kpaɣ kpaɣɖʊ 16 ŋtalɩ 17 taa lɛ, Erɔpʊ taa layaa ñɔtɩ mɩŋ keŋkeŋ ekɔrɩsɩ takayasɩ nzɩ mayaa waa kaama yɔ. Nanza yeke koŋ pɩpɩza pana yaa pehiɣ sɩ-taa.


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Sona lɛŋ ñɩna
Sona lɛŋ ñɩna kɛna tɩŋ tɔɔnaɣ ŋga pahayʊ-kɛ pɩ-tɛɛ pee yɔɔ yɔ. Sona lɛŋ ñɩna ana awɛ lɔɔɔ lɔɔɔ nɛ payaʊ-yɛ mbʊ yɔ pɩlɩna ɛzɩ ma pɔtɔkɩ-yɛ lɛŋ yɔ. Sona naayɛ wɛɛ lɛ, a-taa pee pʊʊ nɛ awɩlɩ pɔcɔ nɛ pɔsɔbɩ-yɛ nɛ patɩzɩ pʊcɔ pɔtɔɔ. Sona lɛŋ ñɩna anɛ awɛ huuha naalɛ kpayɩ taa: naayɛ taa wɛ hokasi nɛ lɛɛna taa nabʊyʊ fɛyɩ.
Tɔɔnasɩ nzɩ papɩzʊ pesidi sona lɛŋ ñɩna anɛ a-taa nɛ pɩwɛɛ camɩyɛ yɔ sɩɖɔɔ nɛ sɩ-taa kɔyɔ: tɩmaatɩ, kaaɖɔɔtɩ, yala, kaabʊ nɛ pesidina num mbʊ ɛyʊ sɔɔlaa yɔ. Pʊtɔbʊʊ se tɔɔnasɩ nzɩ papɩzɩɣ pɛsidi a-taa yɔ nɛ pɩwɛɛ camɩyɛ yɔ sɩɖɔɔ. Papɩzʊ pasɩɩ sona lɛŋ ñɩna nɛ pileɖi aawɛɛkʊʊ ɛlɛ pʊtɔpɔzɩ se pasɩɩ-yɛ yem kɔyɔ apɩzʊʊ aɖazɩ yaa awɩlɩ. Ɛyʊ ɛsɔɔla-yɛ sɩʊ camɩyɛ kɔyɔ, pɩwɛɛ se ɛsɩɩ-yɛ nikaɣ ŋgbaʊ taa yaa ɛɖʊ kañɩŋga ɖoli lɛ ɛyʊyɩ lim nɛ ehuuzi kabaɣ ŋga payaɣ-kɛ kpotoku yɔ yaa mbʊ pɩkpɩnda camɩyɛ ɛlɛ pʊmʊʊ nikaɣ camɩyɛ yɔ.
Papɩzʊʊ pɛpɛdɩ sona anɛ nɛ lɛŋ yaa pasɩɩ nɩkaɣ ŋgbaʊ taa pɔcɔ yaa ɖɔɖɔ patɩzɩ pʊcɔ pɛpɛdɩ. Sona lɛŋ ñɩna wɛna tomnasi ndɩ ndɩ: nakʊyʊ kɛ sʊtʊ lɩm tɩyɛ, lɛɛŋ sɛɛ caʊʊ ɛzɩ calɩm yɔ yaa kɩsɛɛmɩm muzulee nabʊyʊ taa ɖɔɖɔ lɛ naayɛ caaɣ wɛʊ ɛzɩ tɩŋ hatʊ yɔ.
Keteŋa kpeekpe taa pɩnaɣ 2006 ajɛya wena akɩla hayʊʊ sona lɛŋ ñɩna anɛ yɔ a-taa kɔyɔ Siini ɛjaɖɛ nɛ pɩtɩŋ Ɛndonezii ɛjaɖɛ nɛ naatozo ñɩnɖɛ yɔ Turkii.


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Lord Byron
George Gordon Byron sɛna hɩɖɛ se Lord Byron. Ɖajaa ɛnɛ, ɛkɛ Aŋgletɛɛrɩ tʋ. Palʋla ɖajaa Geoge Gordon Byron ɛnʋ kɔlaɣ fenaɣ taa kɩyakʋ hiŋ naalɛ nɛ naalɛ (22) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1788 taa.
alʋla-ɩ Lɔndrɩ tɛtʋ taa. Lɔndrɩ tɛtʋ kɛŋna Aŋgletɛɛrɩ tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ. Ɖajaa George Gordon Byron sɩba ɖomaɣ fenaɣ taa kɩyakʋ hiu nɛ nakʋ (19) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1824 n̄ɩŋga taa. Krɛsɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa ɛsɩba, Missolonghi tɛtʋ taa.
Ɖajaa ɛnɛ, ɛkɛ keɣwa maɖʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ. George Gordon Byron kɛ ɖɔɖɔ takayɩsɩ maʋ. Caama kʋnʋŋ taa ɛmana ɛ-takayɩsɩ.
Ɛ-taabalaa mba ɛ nɛ wɛ palakaɣ tʋmɩyɛ kʋɖʋɖɩyɛ yɔ mba yɔ : ɖajaa Robert Southey nɛ ɖajaa Wordsworth nɛ sɔsɔ Coleridge nɛ sɔsɔ Shelley nɛ pɩtasɩna ɖajaa Keats. Ɖajaa George Gordon Byron caa hɩɖɛ lɛ John Byron.


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Virgile
Virgile kɛ paɖaɣna yaʋ nɛ Latɛŋ kʋnʋŋ taa taa size "Publius Vergilius Maro". Abalʊ ɛnɛ, ɛkɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ size Latɛŋ ɛjaɖɛ yɔ, ɖɩ-tɛtʋ taa pɩɣa yaa ɖɩ-tɛtʋ taa ɛyʋ. Abalʊ sɔsɔ Virgile ɛnɛ, ɛkɛ abalʋ lɔŋ tʋ yaa lɛɣtʊ siŋŋ tʊ nɔɔyʊ kɛ ɛ-ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʊ taa peeɖe.
Palʋla ɖajaa sɔsɔ ɛnɛ kɛ aloma fenaɣ taa kɛ evemiye yaa kɩyakʋ hiu nɛ kagbanzɩ (15) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye kɛ Pɩnaɣ 70 n̄ɩŋga nɛ pɩcɔ palʋlʋ Yeesu Krɩstʋ. Egeetiye nɖɩ payaɣ-kɛ size Andes yɔ, ɖɩ-taa palʋla-ɩ. Sɔnɔ alɩwaatʋ taa mbɩ yɔ lɛ, payaɣ Andes kooka yaa egeetiye nɖɩ size Lombardie.
Ɖajaa sɔsɔ Virgile ɛnʋ, ɛsɩba salaŋ fenaɣ taa kɛ evemiye yaa kɩyakʋ nɛɛlɛ nɛ kʋɖʋmʋ yaa hiŋ naalɛ nɛ kʋɖʋmʋ (21) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye nɛ pɩcɔ palʋlʋʋ Yeesu Krɩstʋ kɛ pɩnaɣ 19 n̄ɩŋga taa. Egeetiye yaa kooka ŋga ka-taa ɖajaa ɛnʋ ɛsɩba yɔ payaɣ size Brindes.
Ɖajaa sɔsɔ Virgile kɛ koowa maɖʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ kɛ ɛ-ɛjaɖɛ Latɛŋ ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʋ taa yɔ. Sɔnzɩ tɔm yɔdʋʋ hɔlʋʋ taa lɛ, pɩwɛ size ɖɩɖɔkɩ size, palʋla ɖajaa ɛnɛ kɛ egeetiye nɖɩ payaɣ size Andes yɔ ɖɩ-taa. Ɛ-tʋmɩyɛ kɩbanɖɛ nɛ ɖeu tʋmɩyɛ yɔɔ yɔɔ kɛ paya egeetiye tɛtʋ ndʋ ɛ-hɩɖɛ. Paya tʋ size Virgilio size paɖʋna-ɩ hɩɖɛ nɛ pɩsaɣ nɛ pasam nɛyɩ.
Ɖenɖe palʋla ɖajaa ɛnɛ yɔ, pɩn̄ɔtɩna Mantoue tɛtʋ ndʋ tɩwɛ Gaule cisalpine yɔ. Ɖeɖe tɔm mayaa yaa caanaʋ taa tɔm mayaa sakɩyɛ nabɛyɛ tɔŋ size, ɖajaa ɛnɛ ɛ-hɔʋ yaa yee liɖe nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa ɛlɩnaa yɔ ɖɩwɛ n̄ɩm kamaɣ fɛyɩ. Ɖajaa sɔsɔ Latɛŋ ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʋ taa koowa maɖʋ Virgile ɖoo kʋlʋlʋ payaɣ size Polla Magio, e-ɖoo ɛnʋ ɛ-walʋ lɛ Vergilius Maro, pʋtɔbʋʋ size ɛ-caa.


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Ɔɔrɩdɩnatɛɛrɩ
Ɔɔrɩdɩnatɛɛrɩ kɛ n̄ɩɣyʋʋ ŋgʋ kɩlakɩ tʋmɩyɛ nɛ laatriki miŋ ɖeke koŋ yɔ. Pama tɔm ndɩ ndɩ ndʋ tɩ-yɔɔ ɛyʋ ɛtɩŋna nɛ ɛla tʋmɩyɛ kʋ-yɔɔ yɔ. Pɔn̄ɔtʋʋ laatriki miŋ kɩ-taa kpa lɛ, tɔm ndɩ ndɩ ńdʋ tɩlɩɩ nɛ ɛyʋ ɖɔ tɔm ndʋ ɛsɔɔlaa se ɛlakɩ yɔ tɩ-yɔɔ. Ɛpɩzɩɣ ɛlɛɣzɩ nʋmɔŋ weyi ɛtɩŋɩɣ mbʋ ɛsɔɔlaa yɔ.
Ɛyʋ pɩzɩɣ ɛla tʋma sakɩyɛ ɔɔrɩdɩnatɛɛrɩ yɔɔ. Ɛpɩzɩɣ ekuli takayɩ nasɩyɛ nɛ ɛkalɩ sɩ-taa tɔm, ɛpɩzɩ ekuli takayɩhayʋʋ ŋgʋ patama natʋyʋ kɩ-taa yɔ nɛ ɛma ndʋ e-liu wɛɛ yɔ. Nabʋyʋ, pʋwɛ ɛzɩ cɩkaɣ yɔ nɛ payaɣ-ɩ se "holu", mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ, ɛmaɣ ca ca ɛzɩ holu mɑɣʋ yɔ. Ɛnʋ palakɩna tʋmɩyɛ ɔɔrɩdɩnatɛɛrɩ yɔɔ. Ɛnʋʋ ɛyʋ wokina hɔɔlʋʋ ŋgʋ ɛsɔɔla labʋ tʋmɩyɛ yɔ kɩ-yɔɔ nɛ ɛn̄ɩɣ ɛ-yɔɔ tɔm kʋɖʋmʋm yaa naalɛ ɛzɩ e-liu wɛʋ yɔ nɛ ɛna ɖenɖe ɛn̄ɩnɩɣ yɔ.
Hɔɔlɩŋ sɔsɔŋ naalɛ wɛna ɔɔrɩdɩnatɛɛrɩ yɔɔ: Kajalaɣ hɔɔlʋʋ wɛ ɛzɩ n̄ɩnʋʋ yɔ. Tʋmɩyɛ nɖɩ ɛyʋ lakɩ yɔ, kʋ-yɔɔ pɩnaɣ-ɖɩ. Hɔɔlʋʋ ŋgʋʋ payaɣ se, "Ecran". Yee hɔɔlʋʋ ŋgʋ kɩsɩba yɔ, ɔɔrɩdɩnatɛɛrɩ sɩba ɖɔɖɔ.
Hɔɔlʋʋ naalɛ n̄ɩŋgʋ yɔɔ masɩ tɩŋa wɛɛ. Masɩ ńzɩ ɛyʋ sɔɔlaa maʋ yɔ, sɩ-yɔɔ ɛn̄ɩkɩɣ nɛ sɩlɩɣ hɔɔlʋʋ ŋgʋ kɩwɛ ɛzɩ n̄ɩnʋʋ mbʋ yɔ kɩ-yɔɔ. Kɩ-hɛkʋ taa ɖoli ɖɔɖɔ pan̄ɩkɩɣ nɛ "holu" ɖɔŋ. Nabʋyʋ taa yɔ, ɔɔrɩdɩnatɛɛrɩ pɩzɩɣ kiɖi nɔɔkʋɖʋmaɣ. Ɛlɛ, kiɖim mbʋ yɔ, kɩwɛɛ kɩn̄ɔɔzʋʋ mbʋ payaɣ se "Program waa " yɔ kʋn̄ɔɔzʋ. Kɩtɛŋ lɛ, kɩɖaɣnʋʋ pazʋʋ kʋ-tʋmɩyɛ nɖɩ ɛyʋ lakaɣ kɩ-yɔɔ yɔ.
Kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 1834 nɛ puwolo pɩnaɣ 1837 taa ɖajaa Charles Babbage luba akɔnta n̄ɩɣyʋʋ nakʋyʋ nɛ ɛsɔzɩna mba ɖajanaa panɛ: Blaise Pascal nɛ Jacquard n̄aaluba yɔ. Kaarɩtɩnaa nabɛyɛ, pɔ-yɔɔ nɛ pɔŋ n̄ɩɩɩ n̄ɩɩɩ waa. Pɔ-yɔɔ pawɩlɩɣ ɛzɩma mbʋ ɛyʋ ɛla akɔnta nɛ n̄ɩɣyʋʋ ŋ́gʋ yɔ. Kajalaɣ n̄ɩɣyʋʋ ŋgʋ kɩlɛɣzɩ ɛyʋ lɛɣtʋ lone taa yɔ, paya-kʋ " Pascaline". Alɩwaatʋ ńdʋ tɩ-taa Charles Babbage maɣzaa nɛ elu wondu ndɩ ndɩ ndʋ tɩwɛ ɔɔrɩdɩnatɛɛrɩ kɩfalʋʋ yɔɔ yɔ tɩ-taa natʋyʋ sakɩyɛ. Babbage n̄ɩna e-wezuu caɣʋ taa se, elu ɔɔrɩdɩnatɛɛrɩ ŋgʋ kɩpɩzɩɣ kɩmaɣzɩ ɛzɩ ɛyʋ maɣzʋʋ yɔ, ɛlɛ ɛtpɩzɩ. Ɛyaa sakɩyɛ n̄ɩnɩ alɩwaatʋ ndʋ tɩ-taa se polubi-kʋ, ɛlɛ, patapɩzɩ ɖɔɖɔ.
Pɩnzɩ mɩnʋʋ wayɩ, pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se, pɩnaɣ 1937 n̄ɩŋga taa kɛ ɖajaa IBM lɩzɩ mbʋ payaɣ se, "informatique" yɔ. Ɛcalɩna n̄ɔɔzʋʋ n̄ɩɣyʋʋ ŋgʋ payaɣ se, "ASCC\MarkI" yɔ. Ɛtɩŋna ɖajaa Babbage lɩzɩ n̄ɩɣyʋʋ anjaʋnaa mba yɔ pɔ-yɔɔ nɛ elubi-kʋ. Eluba-kʋ nɛ pɩtɛɛ lɛ, pɩlaba se, mbʋ ɛn̄ɩnaɣ se ɛla e-wezuu caɣʋ taa yɔ, ɛlaba-pʋ, pɔ-tɔbʋʋ se, eɖozaɣ ndʋ yɔ, ɛlaba-tʋ.
Pɩlaba pɩnzɩ mɩnʋʋ kɔyɔ polubu ɔɔrɩdɩnatɛɛrɩ waa mba pɛwɛ lɛɛlɛɛyɔ. Pɛwɛ ndɩ ndɩ pɩlɩɩna pɛ-wɛtʋ ndɩ ndɩ cɔlɔ. Nabɛyɛ wɛ camɩyɛ pakɩlɩ lɛlaa. Nabɛyɛ n̄apaɣlɩ pakɩlɩ lɛlaa. Lɛlaa lubutu n̄ɛwɛ ndɩ kpem.


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Wayɩyoomɩŋ
Wayɩyoomɩŋ kɛna Etaazunii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ cikpetʊ natʊyʊ. Nɛ Etazuunii ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ ajɛya cikpena naayɛ nɩɩnɩwa kpɛndɩna nɛ aɖʊ nɔɔ nɛ awɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ taa kpaɩ. Etaazunii tɔbʊʊ nɛ kabɩyɛ taa se ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ.
Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩcɔ ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ nɛ tɩta yɔ ndʊ yɔ: Wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ Nebraskaa, wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa kiŋ lɛ Idahoo, hadɛ kiŋ lɛ Koloraadoo nɛ Utaa tɛtʊ wɛna piyele nɛ hayʊ kiŋ lɛ Montanaa. Wayɩyoomɩŋ taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Zeyɛnii nɛ tɩ-taa ɖɔɖɔ kɛ ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ.
Pamaza Wayɩyoomɩŋ ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ taa lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ ɛzɩ 253 338 km2 nɛ ɖenɖe tɛtʊ ñabɩ wɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 251 706 km2 yɔ nɛ ɖenɖe lɩm ñɛwɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe ñɛwɛʊ ɛzɩ 1 851 km2 yɔ pʊtɔbʊʊ se pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ0.73 yɔ kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩkɛŋna 45 ñɩnɖɛ ɛyaa ɖɔʊ taa kɛ Etazuunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ kpeekpe taa.
Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɖɩ kɛŋna ɛjaɖɛ 44 ñɩnɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩsʊ Etaazunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊɣ ŋgbɛyɛ taa yɔ. Ɛlɛ pɩɩkɛ hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 10 nkʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 1890.
Pɩnaɣ 2010 taa paakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ paana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 563 626 yɔ.
Payaɣ Wayɩyoomɩŋ ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-ñʊʊdʊ se Matt Mead (R) piyele nɛ komina ñʊndinaa kɔyɔ: Mike Enzi (R) nɛ John Barrasso (R).
Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, ŋgʊ lɛ yɔ Eŋgilisi.


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Naŋgbaŋʊʊ
Naŋgbaŋʊʊ kɛna ɛyʊ yaa tɛtɛ kpɩnɛ yʊʊ yɔ hɔɔlʊ ŋgʊ kɛwɛ nimaɣ nɛ lɩkpaɣzasɩ pɛhɛkʊ taa yɔ. Yee ɛsɩyɛ wɩlɩɣna ɛyʊ se pʊnɛ pɩsɛwa yaa pipiya, pɩpaɣlaa yaa pɩwɛ ñɩɩ, pɩwɛ poliŋ yaa pɩñɔtinaa, pɩkpeetaa yaa pɩwɛ caŋgaliii kɔyɔ, naŋ,gbaŋgʊʊ yekina nɛ ɛyʊ nɩɩ se tɔm tʊnɛ kɛ pɔyɔɔdaa, pʊtɔbʊ kɔyɔ, pʊnɛ pitiluu yaa piitiluu, pʊnɛ piwuu yeŋŋ yaa pitiluu kpooluu.
Cɔnaʊ taa yem lɛ, naŋgbaŋʊʊ wɛna tɔnʊʊ nakʊyʊ fɛŋgɛlɩm nɛŋgʊ hʊʊzʊna naŋgbaŋʊʊ maɣmaɣ yɔɔ. Ɛzɩ ɛsɛ ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, ɛyʊ wɛna naŋgbaaŋ naalɛ. Naŋgbaŋʊʊ wɛna hɔɔlɩŋ sɔsɔŋ naalɛ: naŋgbaɖɛɣtʊ yaa naŋgbatɔndʊ nɛ naŋgbaŋʊʊ taa maɣmaɣ. Naŋgbatɔndʊ wɛna hɔɔlɩŋ naalɛ ɖɔɖɔ: kacalaɣ ñɩŋgʊ lɛ tɔndʊ ndʊ panaɣ-tʊ nɛ tɩwɛ cɔndʊlʊm cʊndʊlʊm yɔ. Nɛ hɔɔlʊʊ naalɛ ŋgʊ lɛ ŋgʊ kakpakɩɣ tɔm nɛ kɩtaŋna ɛyʊ nɛ ɛnɩɣʊ yɔ.
Kabɩyɛ taa sɩŋŋŋ lɛ, pɔtɔma se pɔhɔma nɔɔyʊ naŋgbaŋʊʊ kɔyɔ, pʊtɔbʊʊ se, pokota ɛñʊʊ taa yaa panaza-ɩ yaa ɛzɩɖɔɖɔ paɖʊ-ɩ kʊñɔŋ nakʊyʊ pɩlɩna mbʊ ɛlaba nɛ pɩfɛyɩ ɖeu yɔ pʊ-yɔɔ. Ɛzɩ paa ɛyʊ piliŋa nga yɔ, naŋgbaŋʊʊ tɔɔsɔɔlɩ asulima nɛ kʊtɔmɩŋ nɩyɛ sakɩyɛ wɛɛ nɛ ɛpɩzɩɣʊ nɛ ɩkɔna ɛyʊ kɛ ndamtʊ.
Pɩwɛ mbʊ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, pɩtɛkɛ ɛyaa mba pɛwɛna nɩŋgbaaŋ yɔ patɩŋa panɩɣna. Nabɛyɩ wɛɛ lɛ palʊla-wɛ ndamaa nɛ lalaa lɛ, kʊtɔmɩŋ yebina nɛ patamɩ. Pɩtɛ. Ɛyʊ ɛtamaa, ɛtasɩɣ pɩzɩɣʊ nɛ ɛyɔɔdɩ kpayɩ kpayɩ.


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Misisipii
Misisipii kɛna Etaazunii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ cikpetʊ natʊyʊ. Nɛ Etazuunii ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ ajɛya cikpena naayɛ nɩɩnɩwa kpɛndɩna nɛ aɖʊ nɔɔ nɛ awɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ taa kpaɩ. Etaazunii tɔbʊʊ nɛ kabɩyɛ taa se ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ.
Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩcɔ ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ nɛ tɩta yɔ ndʊ yɔ: Wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ Alabaamaa, wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa kiŋ lɛ Luwiiziyanaa nɛ Arkanzaa, hadɛ kiŋ lɛ Mɛksiikii kidiiliŋ piyele nɛ hayʊ kiŋ lɛ Tenesii. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Jaksɔŋ nɛ tɩ-taa ɖɔɖɔ kɛ ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ.
Pamaza Misisipii ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ taa lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ ɛzɩ 125 546km2 nɛ ɖenɖe tɛtʊ ñabɩ wɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 121 606 km2 yɔ nɛ ɖenɖe lɩm ñɛwɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe ñɛwɛʊ ɛzɩ. 3 940 km2 yɔ pʊtɔbʊʊ se pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 3,10 yɔ kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ. Ɛjaɖ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩkɛŋna 45 ñɩnɖɛ ɛyaa ɖɔʊ taa kɛ Etazuunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ kpeekpe taa.
Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɖɩ kɛŋna ɛjaɖɛ 20 ñɩnɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩsʊ Etaazunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊɣ ŋgbɛyɛ taa yɔ. Ɛlɛ pɩɩkɛ saŋgayɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ hiu ŋgʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 1817. Pɩnaɣ 2012 taa paakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ paana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 2 984 926 yɔ.
Payaɣ Misisipii ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-ñʊʊdʊ se Phil Bryant (R) piyele nɛ komina ñʊndinaa kɔyɔ: Thad Cochran (R) nɛ Roger Wicker (R).
Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, ŋgʊ lɛ yɔ aŋgilisi. Ɛlɛ siŋŋŋ taa lɛ, komina maɣmaɣ tatɩɩ hada nɔɔ camɩyɛ se aŋgilisi kɛŋna kɩ-kʊnʊŋ.


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Pɔritigaalɩ
Pɔritigaalɩ kɛna Erɔpɩ nɛ hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ nɛ ɖɩwɛ Erɔpɩ ajɛya kɩkpɛndɩɣ ŋgbɛyɛ taa. Pɔrɩtigaalɩ wɛna Ibeeriki nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa. Pɔrɩtigaalɩ tɛtʊ sʊsɔtʊ yɔ Lisibooni.
Erɔpɩ hɛkʊ taa ajɛya taa lɛ, Pɔritigaalɩ kɩlɩna wɛʊ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa nɛ ɖɩ-kamaɣ yɔɔ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ nɛ ɖɩ-wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ lɛ Ɛsɩpaañɩ ɛjaɖɛ wɛna; Hadɛ kiŋ nɛ ɖɩ-wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ ɛlɛ Atilantiki lɩngamʊʊ.
Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩñɔ pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ hiu nɛ naalɛ taa nɛ pɩtalaɣ mɩnɩŋhiu nɛ kagbaanzɩ ɛlɛ ɖɩpɩsɩ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-ɛsɛ kulɩ sɩŋŋŋ yɔ Erɔpɩ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ kpeekpe taa. Kpaɣ mbʊ lɛ, ɖɩwɛɛna ɛjɛya wena ɖɩñazɩɣ yɔ paale: Afrika taa, Azii taa, Oseyaanii taa nɛ Amerika nɛ hadɛ kiŋ taa ɖɔɖɔ.
Pʊkɔma pɩtalɩ pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ nɛɛlɛ ɛlɛ Pɔrɩtɩgaalɩ ɛjaɖɛ pazɩ nɛ ɖɩhiu ɖɩ-tɩ paa hɔɔlɩɣʊ ŋgʊ: tɔsʊʊ nɔmɔʊ taa, poliyiki taa nɛ samaɣ yɔɔ kandayʊʊ tɔm taa.
Pɔritigaalɩ wɛ ajɛya wena aaɖʊ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ se palɩzɩ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se OCDE yɔ ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1948 taa pɩnɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se OTAN yɔ pɩnaɣ 1949.
Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩwɛ ɖɔɖɔ ajɛya kpeekpe kɩkpɛndɩɣ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se ONU yɔ ɖɩ-taa ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1955, Erɔpɩ Lɔntasɩyaa ŋgbɛyɛ taa ɖooo 1976, Erɔpɩ ajɛya kɩkpɛndɩɣ ŋgbɛyɛ taa pɩnaɣ 1986. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩwɛ Erɔpɩ ajɛya kpeekpe wena atɔkɩ liidiye kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ nɛ payaɣ-ɖɩ Eero yɔ a-taa.


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Lao Tseu
Lao Tseu kɛ abalʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ tɛ hɩɖɛ. Lalaa yayɩ size Laozi yaa ɛzɩ Lao Zi. Ɛkɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ size Siini ɛjaɖɛ yɔ ɖɩ-tɛtʋ taa pɩɣa yaa ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa ɛyʋ. Ɛjaɖɛ Siini tɛtʋ taa lɛ, paya-ɩ size Tàishàng lǎojn. Pʋtɔbʋʋ tobi kɛlɛ size "Ɛsɔnaa taa Ɛsɔ sɔsɔ Lao", papɩzɩʋ paya-ɩ ɖɔɖɔ size Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa ɔgɔlɩmɩyɛ sɔsɔɖɛ.
Fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ pɛcɛlɛyɩ hɩɖɛ size maatɛŋ tɛ Ɛsɔ. Ɛ-hɩɖɛ maɣmaɣ kɛlɛ Li Er. Paa pɩla ɛzɩma yɔ, pɔtɔma size ɛɛkɛ lɔnzɩnɖʋ tʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ yaa n̄amtʋ lɔn tɩlɩʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ. Ɛlɛ, yee pamaɣzʋʋna pɛtɛ taa sɔnzɩ taa kɔyɔɔ, ɛkɛ Confucius kpaɖʋ yaa wɛɛ taa. Pɩɩkɛ kpaɖɩŋ yaa wɛɛɛ loɖo (6) n̄ɩnɖɛ hɛkʋ nɛ hɛkʋ nɛ pɩcɔ palʋlʋʋ Yesu Krɩstʋ nɛ kagbanzɩ (5) n̄ɩŋgʋ tɛ hɛkʋ nɛ hɛkʋ ɖɔɖɔ nɛ pɩcɔ palʋlʋʋ Yesu krɩstʋ.
Pɩɩkɔɔ pɩsɩna kpaɖɩŋ kpiziuɖe tɛ wɛɛ taa yaa yoliheeɣye nɛ kpiziuɖe yaa lʋŋheeɣye taa. Ɖajaa Lao Tseu kɛ lɩzɩyʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ. Ɛnʋ lɩzana mbʋ payaɣna Fransɩ kʋnʋŋ taa size "taoïsme". Taoïsme kɛna Ɛsɔ tɔm kpɛlɛkʋʋ hɔɔlɩŋ nɩyɛ nɛ ɛyʋ yɔɔ lɩmaɣza tɩlɩʋ tʋma. Ɛlakɩ lɔnzɩnɖɛ tʋma kpɛlɛkʋʋ.
Sakɩyɛ tɔŋ size, paa pɩla ɛzɩma yɔ, ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ size "pays de Chu" ɖɩ-taa palʋla-ɩ kɛ Zhou ajɛɛ kewiisi taa. Ɛzɩma ɛnʋ ɛzɩ, caanaʋ takayasɩ taa ɛ-tɔm tɔɖʋ yaa pɔtɔyɔdɩ ɛ-tɔm pʋɖɔɔ yɔɔ lɛ, patɩla-ɩ pɩtɩŋgɩna kewyaɣ hʋʋ ŋgʋ payaɣna Fransɩɩ kʋnʋŋ taa size "dynastie Han" yɔ.
Lao Tseu kɛ mba pɛkɛna Ɛsɔ tɔm kpɛlɛkʋʋ hɔɔlɩŋ nɩyɛ tɩna nɛ ɛyʋ yɔɔ lɩmaɣza tɩlɩʋ tʋma palaɖaa tɛ Ɛsɔ. Mbʋ yɔ, ɛnʋ kɛnɛ tʋmɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩlɩzɩyʋ. Ɛ-tʋmɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩlaɖaa payaɣna Fransɩ kʋnʋŋ taa size "taoïstes" waa. Ɛ-ɛjaɖɛ Siini taa peeɖe lɛ, paya-ɩ size Tàishàng lǎojūn pʋtɔbʋʋ size Ɛsɔ kɩlɩm Lao, paya tobi Fransɩ kʋnʋŋ taa «Seigneur suprême Lao».
Pama ɖajaa sɔsɔ Lao Tseu ɛnɛ ɛtɛ sɩɣʋʋ kpelaɣ. Pama-ɩ nɛ tandaʋ kʋlʋmʋʋ nakʋyʋ ɛ-tamaɣ tɛɛ. Ŋna-ɩ ŋtɔŋ size akpadɛyʋʋ mɛwɛna mɛ-ɛsa. Ɛkɛ,


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Golden Gate kondoloko
Golden Gate kɛ Aŋgletɛɛrɩ Kondoloko nakʋyʋ. Payaɣ-kʋ size n̄ɩɣlɩm nɔnɔɔ kondoloko. Kondoloko kʋnɛ, kɩkɛna Kaliforinii tɛ kondoloko ŋgʋ kususa cɛlɛmɛɛɛ yɔ.
Kɩtamasɩna kɩ-tɩ nɛ Sanfransiskoo tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ ndʋ tɩwɛ nɔɔ cʋlʋcʋlʋ taa nɛ hayi kiŋ hɔɔlʋʋ taa yɔ.
WPA ŋgbɛyɛ ɖʋna liidiye nɛ papɩzɩ pama Golden Gate Kondoloko kʋnɛ.
Golden Gate Kondoloko tʋma paɣzɩ pɩnaɣ 1933 ñɩŋga taa. Pɛtɛma kʋ-tʋma tɩŋga pɩnaɣ 1937 taa. Pɩnaɣ 1964 ñɩŋga taa pɔcɔna payɩ kedeŋa kpeekpe yɔɔ lɛ, Golden Gate Kondoloko kɩlɩna ɖaɣlʋʋ.
Golden Gate Kondoloko Kondoloko kʋnɛ, kɩpɩsa sɔnɔdaa Sanfransiskoo tɛ sɩʋkpelaɣ.


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Paasɔŋ
Paasɔŋ kɛ minziiki wonuu ŋgʋ kɩwɛ ɖasɩ hɔʋ taa yɔ. Kɩ-lɩ kpaɖʋ 14 taa Itaalii ɛjaɖɛ taa. Nɛ paya-kʋ hɩɖɛ size fagotto. Palaba-kʋ nɛ kɔɔka kɩɖala nakɛyɛ. Pa-hʋyɩ ka-taa pɔʋ, nɛ ɖeɣa ŋga keɖewa nɛ ka-ɖalakɩŋ taa makʋna ɛzɩ mɛtana 2,50 yɔ ka-saɣtʋ taa (pɩpɩzɩɣ pɩkɛ ɛrapɩlɩ tɩʋ yaa palɩssandrɩ tɩʋ).
E-kpiya ɛ-tɩ yɔ, nɛ soo wonuu kʋnɛ kʋ-hʋlʋyʋ weyi payayɩ size paasɔŋnɩsɩ yɔ, ɛɖɔkɩ kʋ enesi kɩpanzɩ tɛɛ. Pɔnɛ loɖo wɛna hayi kiŋ, nɛ kagbanzɩ piliŋa sʋsa nɛ cikpeɣla naadozo ŋga pa-kpɩtɩna ɖama kpam nɛ sulam naanaza ŋgʋ. Nɛ pɩkpɛndɩ pɩtɩŋa pʋwɛ ɛzɩ U yɔ, pɩkpɩtɩna ɖama cɩncɩn.
Nimaɣ nabʋlɛ kiwilaɣ pɔzɩɣ kɔsɔŋ, nɛ paya se bokali naalɛ ŋgʋ. Ɛ-pɔʋ taa maana fɩɣɩ nɛ ɛ-hʋlʋʋ pɔzɩɣ fezɩŋ siŋŋ ɛzɩ kpaɣʋ pɩsɩna 3 nɛ nɔɔ tiluu wɛɛ mudulee. Paassɔŋ ɛnʋ, etilitu wɛ ndɩ ndɩ hʋlʋʋ taa; do wɛ, re wɛ, mi nɛ fa nɛ sol nɛ la paba wɛ ɖɔɖɔ, nɛ si n̄atɩŋɩ. Ɛ-mabɩnaɣʋ minziiki yaa ɛ-hʋlʋtʋ tɛ matʋ wɛ naalɛ nɛ paya-tʋ size n̄ɩmɩyɛ fa 4, nɛ ut 4 yaa sol.


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Pasifiki Lɩŋamʋʋ
Pasifiki Lɩŋgamʊʊ kɛna lɩŋgamʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩkɩla walɩɣ lɛɛŋ payɩ keteŋga kpeekpe taa yɔ. Kɩ-walanzɩ taa makʊʊna 166 241 700 km²; yaa ɛzɩ pɛtɛya keteŋga kpeekpe tam nautozo kɔ yɔ, kɩ-ɖeke kɩkpakɩɣ hɔɔlʊʊ kpem. Pasifiki Lɩŋgamʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩwadɩɣna Océanie tɩŋga nɛ tɛtʊ ñabɩ natʊyʊ ndʊ lɩm cɔɔ nɛ pɩtaa yɔ pɩna tɛtʊ ndɩ ndɩ ndʊ lɩm cɔɔ-tʊ nɛ pɩtaa nɛ tɩtakɩlɩ poliŋ nɛ ɖama yɔ; ɛzɩ: Asia taa yɔ (Japɔŋ, Filipini, Insulinde). Asia, Ositraalii nɛ Amerika pɔpcɔna Pasifiki Lɩŋgamʊʊ kpɛɛɛ nɛ pɩtaa. Hadɛ kɩŋ lɛ, Ostraali Lɩŋgamʊʊ pɩzɩnaa. Hadɛ kɩŋ peeɖe ɖɔdɔ lɛ, caŋga ŋga ka-wayɩ alɩwaatʊ lɛzɩɣ yɔ, kɛwɛ meridien 180 ñɩŋgʊ ɖeyi ɖeyi.


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One World Trade Center
Kuduyuu One World Trade Center yaa 1 World Trade Center yaa 1 WTC kɛna kuduyuu sɔsɔʋ sɔnɔ n̄ɩŋgʋ ŋgʋ paɖana yaʋ hɩɖɛ size Freedom Tower kɛ ɖɩ-tʋma ɖɩpaɣzɩyɛ alɩwaatʋ taa yɔ. Kɩkɛ sɔnɔ kuduyuu keɣkeɣ n̄ɩŋgʋ ŋgʋ pama-kʋ nɛ ndɩ yɔ. World Trade Center kuduyuu kʋnɛ, kɩwɛ ndɩ-kʋ kpem kɛ kɩmatʋ taa kɛ Lower Manhattan kɛ Niyuu Yɔrɩkɩ egeetiye taa kɛ Etaazuunii ɛjaɖɛ taa. Wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʋyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ taa lɛ, kuduyuu One World Trade Center yaa 1 World Trade Center kʋnɛ, kɩkɛ ɛsɔ mɩnʋʋ tɛ ɛsɔdaa kuduyuu ŋgʋ kɩkɩlaɣ kʋyʋʋ siŋŋ yɔ. Kuduyuu sɔsɔʋ kʋnɛ, ɖɩpɩzɩɣ ɖɩna kɩ-taa, kuduyuŋ cikpeŋ yaa ɛsɔdaa kuduyuŋ ɛzɩ mɩnʋʋ nɛ nanaaza (104 étages) mbɩ yɔ.
Nɛ payaɣ ɛsɔdaa kuduyuŋ mɩnʋʋ kuduyuu kʋnɛ yɔ ɖɔɖɔ size One World Trade Center ɛzɩ kɩ-ɖaɣʋʋ ŋgʋ kʋkʋ kaɣwɛ hayuu kiŋ nɛ World Trade Center yɔ. Paa yɔka kʋ-kʋ wayɩ lɩʋ alɩwaatʋ taa kɛ evemiye 11 wiye salaŋ fenaɣ taa. Pɩɩkɛ pɩnaɣ 2011 taa kɛ wayɩ lɩʋ you ŋgʋ kɩlakaɣ. One World Trade Center kuduyuu kʋnɛ, kɩwɛna hayuu nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʋyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ taa kiŋ kʋlɔmʋʋ taa nɛ World Trade Center lone kɩpanɖɛ taa.
Kɩ-walanzɩ taa talɩɣ ɛzɩ ɛkɩtaaɖɩwaa 6,5 mbɩ yɔ. Ki-lone wɛ kɩpɩnʋʋ 6 World Trade Center lone taa keɣkeɣ. ŋsɩŋka kuduyuu kʋnɛ kɩ-hɛkʋ taa kɔyɔ, ŋna size, ki-hayuu kiŋ hɔɔlʋʋ taa lɛ, ŋlosuu egeetiye nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ size Vesey Street yɔ; nɛ kɩ-wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʋyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ taa kiŋ lɛ, ŋna West Street egeetiye; Kuduyuu kʋnɛ, kɩ-hadɛ kiŋ taa lɛ, ɖɩnaɣ Fulton Street egeetiye lone nɛ pɩtɛzɩna Washington Street egeetiye nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ taa kiŋ.
Kuduyuu kʋnɛ, kɩ-matʋ tɛ tigiɖe nɛ ki-tigilaɣ tɩŋgɛ paɣza evemiye 27 kɛ ɖomaɣ fenaɣ taa pɩnaɣ 2006 taa. Evemiye 30 n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye kɛ lakɩŋ fenaɣ alɩwaatʋ taa kɛ pɩnaɣ 2009 taa lɛ, ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ size Port Authority of New York and New Jersey yɔ, ɖɩ-kʋlaɣ nɛ ɖɩ-wɩlɩ kalaɣ size pɩɩkɩlaɣ ɖeu size, kuduyuu sɔsɔʋ kʋnɛ, paɣtɩlɩ kɩ-hɩɖɛ camɩyɛ ɛzɩ paɣtʋ pɔzʋʋ yɔ; ɛlɛ pɩtaakɛ ɛzɩ paɖanɩɣ yaʋ size Freedom Tower yɔ.
One World Trade Center kuduyuu kʋnɛ, pɛtɛŋga-kʋ maʋʋ nɛ asiyee wɛtʋ lɛ, pɩɩkɛ evemiye 30 wiye kɛ kɩyɛɛna fenaɣ aalɩwaatʋ taa kɛ pɩnaɣ 2012 taa. Agoza fenaɣ alɩwaatʋ taa kɛ pɩnaɣ 2014 taa mbɩ yɔ kɛ evemiye 10 n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye, pɛtɛza sɩʋ kpaɣkpaɣ nʋmɔʋ wɩlʋʋ kpenzelaɣ ɖɩɖʋyɛ. Kpenzelaɣ ŋga ke-yebina nɛ patɩlɩ size One World Trade Center kɛna kuduyuu sɔsɔʋ nanaaza ŋgʋ ŋgʋ kɩkɩlaɣ kʋyʋʋ kpem kɛ ɛjaɖɛ yɔɔ cɩnɛ yɔ.


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Suluku kpɛyaɣ
Suluku kpɛyaɣ kɛna nʋmɔʋ sɔsɔʋ ŋgʋ kɩwɛ tʋɖʋɖʋ yɔ. Kɩ-kɛna habɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-tʋʋza siŋŋ yɔ. Lɔɔɖaa wena a-ɖɔŋ habɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩyɔ yɔ, ɖɩɖaɣla pɩtatɩɩ fɛyɩ naʋ. Pɩtɛ lɔɔɖaa ana payayɛ size suluku. Suluku kpɛyaɣ kɛ habɩyɛ sɔsɔyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩfɛyɩna kʋlʋmɩŋ yɔ. Pɩtɛ habɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖi-tkoti kpoyi.
Suluku ŋgʋ kɩ-taa peeɖe kɛ pɛkɛyʋ nʋmɔ woɖaa nɛ powondunaa ndɩ ndɩ sakɩyɛ. Suluku kpɛyaɣ wɛna tigiɖe tʋma kpam fefere n̄ɩna. Suluku kʋnɛ kɩwɛna kulukulu pɔbɔla kɩ-tɛɛ nɛ pɔbɔla ana, awɛ n̄ɩyasɩ tɩyɛ. Suluku kpɛyaɣ yɔ sayʋ saɣna lɔɔɖa ana. Suluku kpɛyaɣ fɛyɩ paa hɛkʋ ŋgʋ kɩ-taa ɛzɩ haba cikpena lɛɛna yɔ.
Tɔm piye suluku kpɛyaɣ «chemin de fer» tɔbʋʋ ɖɔɖɔ kɛlɛ size kpɛm tʋma kɩlaba nɛ panama Fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa size "sociétés exploitantes". Ɛlɛ ɖoŋ ɖoŋ lɛ, sakɩyɛ yaa suluku kpɛyaɣ ŋga size ŋgbɛ nɛ fransɩɩ kʋnʋŋ taa lɛ, payaɣ size "compagnies". Mba palakɩ tʋmɩyɛ kɛ suluku kpɛyaɣ yɔɔ yɔ payaɣ size suluku kpɛyaɣ yɔɔ tʋmɩyɛ laɖʋ nɛ tobi fr ansɩ kʋnʋŋ taa size « cheminots ».


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Sambɛzɩ pɔɔ
Sambɛzɩ kɛ Afrika nɛ Haɖɛ kiŋ lɩm pɔɔ sɔsɔɔ. Ka-ɖakɩŋ maɣmaɣ yɔ lɛ, kɛ-kɛ pɔɔ naanza ŋga Afrika kedeŋga pɔsɩ sɩnɛ sɩ-wayi Niili Pɔɔ nɛ Koŋgo Pɔɔ nɛ Nizɛɛrɩ pɔɔ nɛ. Sambɛzɩ pɔɔ ŋga kaɖalakɩŋ maɣna kilomɛta waa 2750. Kɛ-tɛ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa kɔyɔ Sambii ɛjaɖɛ taa, katɩŋna tobi kooyiŋtʊʊ Aŋgoola ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ kɛtɛzʊʊ Sambii ɛjaɖɛ ɖeeɖe kapɩsɩ kamaɣ kɛ-nɛ Namiibi ɛjaɖɛ nɛ Simbaabuwee nɛ kɛ-tɛzʊʊ Moozambiki ɛjaɖɛ ɖeeɖe kɛkpɛndʊʊ Ɛndɩ teŋgu taa yɔ.
Sambɛzɩ lɩm pɔɔ nga kɛ-tɛ pɔlɔkʊʊ walanzɩ maɣna kilomɛta waa 1330000 kpɛɣɛ ko nɛ tɛŋ weyi ɛtɩna kɛ-tɛ su yɔ ɛnɩɣ kamɩŋ fenaɣ nɛ lakɩŋ fenaɣ kɛnɛ. Kɛ-tɛ caɣyɛ taa kpɛntʊ wɛ nabʊyʊ taa yɔɔyɔ, kpaɣna 2 000 pɩtalɩ 3 000 m3/s, ɛlɛ, kadalɩɣ 32 800 m3/s lɛlaɣ fenaɣ taa pɩnaɣ 1956 taa. Pɔsɩ cɩkpesɩ nzɩ sɩkpɛndʊʊ kada yɔ, nzɩ yɔ Kafuu nɛ Siirɛ ŋga kɛ-kɛ Malawii kujomuu tɛ pɔɔ ŋga kalɩzʊʊ lɩm yɔ. Cɩnɛ nɛ peɖɔ mbʊ lɛ, padɩ ɖʊ-kɛ koŋdoloko waa kɩgbanzɩ tɛtʊ naa pɛnɛ pada. Ndʊ yɔ Chinyingi nɛ Katima Mulilo nɛ Fikitoriya lɩm kɩfalɩm taa nɛ Chirundi nɛ Tete.
Fikitoriya lɩm kɩfalɩm mbʊ Sambii nɛ Sɩmbaabuwee pɛtɛyʊʊ yɔ nɛ pɩpɩsɩ lɩm ɖɩvalɩyɛ lone sɔsɔyɛ kedeŋga kpeekpe taa nɛ kɩvalanzɩ mazʊʊ maɣna mɛta waa 1700 nɛ kʊ-kʊkʊmɩyɩŋ taa mazʊʊ maɣna mɛta waa 108, pɩsa ɛsɩyɛgbena lone Sambɛzɩ pɔɔ yɔ. Lɩm ɖɩlɩyɛ cɔlɔ ɖɩfalɩyɛ taa pɔɔ kpeŋ Barotseland kɛdɛŋga taa nɛ kawadɩ alɩwaatʊ nabʊyʊ nabʊyʊ. Pɔɔ ɖɩkpende taa lɛ, katɩŋgʊ kɩɖe tɛ pɔɔ, ŋga ɖɩyaɣ se Canyon basaltique nɛ kɛtɛŋ handala fɛʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩwɛ camɩyɛ nɛ pasa lɩm ɛwadɩyɛ yɔ yɔ. Paa kɛwɛ kaɖɛ ɛzɩma yɔ kɛwɛna hɔɔlɩŋ sakɩyɛ weyi ɛyɔ pasaɣ kpiyiŋ yɔ.
Sambɛzɩ pɔɔ ɖɩlɩyɛ wɛ ahɔya kajɩka kɩkpɛda Sambii nɛ hayi kɩŋ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa kɩŋ. Pɔɔ sɔsɔ ŋga katɩŋna tɩŋ piyasɩ nzɩ sɩ-yɔ wɛ tɩŋ hɔtʊ nɛ hayi kɩŋ ɛzɩ mɛta waa 1500 nɛ teŋgʊ ɖeeɖe. Luangwa nɛ Kafuu kɛnɛ pɔɔsɩ kɩkpɛndasɩ sɔsɔsɩ Sambɛzɩ kideŋ lɩmɩyɛ ñɩŋgʊ yɔ. Kafuu tɛ walanzɩ mazʊʊ taa lɛ, kɛwɛna mɛta waa 180 ɖama ɖɩgbɛdɩyɛ taa. Kɛnɛ Luangwa tɛ ɖama kpɛndʊʊ taa lɛ, sambɛzɩ pɔɔ sʊʊ Moozambiki taa.
Kajalaɣ anaasayɩ weyi ewoba nɛ ɛna Sambɛzɩ pɔɔ sɔsɔ yɔ ɛnʊ lɛ David Livingstone, ɛ-tɛ ɛjaɖɛ takʊʊ Bechuanalan pɩnaɣ 1851 nɛ 1853 taa. Pɩnzɩ naalɛ yaa natozo wayi lɛ, etiɣ Sambɛzɩ nɛ haɖɛ ɛtalɩ ɛwadɩyɛ taa ɖɩsʊyɛ nɛ ɛ-nʊmɔʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-ta lɛ, ɛlɩɩ Fikitoriya lɩm kɩfalɩm yɔ. Kpaɣna pɩnzɩ 1858 ndalɩ 1860 John Kirk tɩŋga-ɩ. Livingstone kpazɩ pɔɔ pɩtɩŋna Kongone ɛwadɩyɛ ɖɩsʊyɛ taa ɖɔɖɔ polɩŋ nɛ lɩm kɩfalɩm, nɛ pɩkpaʊ nɛ mbʊ yɔ ɛhɛɛ pɔɔ kɩkpɛnda Siiri nɛ ɛtalɩ Malawii kujomuu.
Sambɛzɩ pɔɔ wɛna hoɖe nɛ pɩcɛyʊʊ alɩwaatʊ tɩŋga, pɩlɩna pʊyɔɔ lɛ, kɛdɛkɛ wiɖi habɩyɛ sɔsɔyɛ ndɩ ɖɩyɔɔ pɔɖɔŋ nɔmɔŋ sɔsɔŋ yɔ. Ɛlɛ egeetiye taa lɛ, pʊwɛ kɛlɛʊ se ɛyaa ewoki nɔmɔŋ patɩŋgʊna pɔlɔkɩŋ pɔɔ kpeekpe yɔ mbʊ se patɩŋna nɔmɔŋ kɩbɩŋ weyi e-feɖeʊ yaa nabʊyʊ taa lɛ, lɩm liba-ɩ nɛ papɩzʊʊ powoki haɖa ageeta naayɛ taa pɔɔ kidemɩŋ yɔ nɛ mɛlɛ naa.
Sambɛzɩ kadɩtɩnɛ kaɖalakɩŋ taa mbʊ yɔ kondoloko naa kɩgbanzɩ yeke wɛna kʊyɔ nɛ lɛɛkʊ kɛ naŋgbanzɩ ɖɔnaa tɛ ñɩŋgʊ. Ɛlɛ hɔɔlɩŋ sakɩyɛ taa yooŋ mɛlɛ naa pɔɔyɩŋ kpakʊʊ ɛyaa nɛ lɔɔɖa pɔɔ yɔ.


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Ludwig van Beethoven
Ludwig van Beethoven kɛ Caama ɛjaɖɛ taa pɩɣa yaa caama tʋ. Ɛkɛ wendu lɩzɩyʋ nɛ soo luɖu sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ kɛ ɛ-ɛjaɖɛ taa peeɖe. Ɛkɛ abalʋ. Palʋla-ɩ egeetiye yaa lone nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ Bonn yɔ ɖɩ-taa. E-femiye yaa ɛ-kɩyakʋ kʋlʋlʋʋ kɛlɛ hiu nɛ lʋbɛ (7) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye kɛ saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ taa kɛ 1770 pɩnaɣ taa.
Ɖajaa Ludwig van Beethoven ɛnʋ, ɛsɩba Fɩyɛɛnɩ egeetiye tɛtʋ taa kɛ efemiye yaa kɩyakʋ nɛɛlɛ nɛ loɖo (26) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye kɛ lakɩŋ fenaɣ taa kɛ pɩnaɣ 1827 alɩwaatʋ taa. Ɛkɛ kpagbaɣ Vienne egeetiye tɛtʋ taa ɛyʋ yaa tʋ weyi, ɛwɛ lɩmaɣza cɔlɩyaa pana pa-alɩwaatʋ ɖɛwa wayɩ lɛ yɔ; papaɣ hɩlaa yɔ : Ɖajaa Gluck, nɛ pɩtasɩna ɖajaa Haydn, nɛ pɩtɛmna ɖajaa Mozart.
Beethoven ɛnɛ, ɛcɛyɩ ɛ-tɩ nɛ ɛkʋsɩ ɛ-ɛjaɖɛ hɩɖɛ kɛ minziiki hɔɔlʋʋ taa. Ɛtɛ minziiki yeba kɩlɛdɩ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʋyɛ yaa wɩsɩ ɖigbenɖe taa ŋmba n̄ɩŋgʋ kɛ kpaɖʋ hiu nɛ nakʋ (19) n̄ɩŋgʋ alɩwaatʋ sʋsɔtʋ taa. Ɖajaa Haydn keheyaa nayɩ pɩnaɣ 1793 alɩwaatʋ taa size, ɛ-fɛyɩɩna ɖɔndɩyɛ. Haydn tɔŋ ɛ-tɔm size, ɛlakɩ putukuna ɛnʋ maɣzɩm siŋŋ. Ɛ-tɔŋ ɛ-yɔ size : ɛkɛ ɛnʋ maɣzɩm taa lɛ, kɛ ɛyʋ weyi ɛwɛna n̄ʋŋ sakɩyɛ mbɩ yɔ, nɛ laŋa yaa n̄ama sakɩyɛ ɖɔɖɔ mbɩ yɔɔ yɔ, nɛ pɩtasɩna, ciyamnaa yaa kalɩzasɩ sakɩyɛ ɖɔɖɔ mbɩ yɔ kpem.
Patɩlɩ-ɩ nɛ ɛ-tʋma kpeekpe pɩtɩŋgʋna minziiki tʋma kpeekpe taa. Pɩkɩlɩna e-weŋgalaɣ minziiki n̄ɩŋga yɔ. Mbʋ yɔ, ɛ-tɛ wendu teu pasa pɩkɛdɩna samaɣ kpeɖem. Pɩkɛna samaɣ kɛ wendu teu liɖe sʋsɔyɛ. Ɛwɛna nimiye ɖɔɖɔ kɛ piyano mabʋ taa nɛ wendu ndʋ peteu nɛ pɩhaɣ ɖom yɔ tɩlɩzʋʋ taa ɖɔɖɔ.
Ɛ-kaɣwɛna ɛzɩ pɩnzɩ nɛɛlɛ nɛ lʋbɛ mbɩ yɔ lɛ (27), ɛpaɣzɩ fezu kaɖɛ n̄ɩŋgʋ. Pɩpaɣzɩ-ɩ nɛ tandamɩtʋ yaa ndamɩtʋ yaa yɔɔdaɣ kɩɩnɩʋʋ kʋdɔŋ. Alɩwaatʋ ndʋ tɩ-taa ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, ɛ-fɛyɩ tabalʋ, ɛsʋʋ kʋn̄ɔŋ sʋsɔʋ ɖɔɖɔ. Ɛlɛ ɛlakaɣ e-minziiki nɛ taɣ leleŋ nɛ sɔlɩm kɩbam siŋŋ.
Pɔcɔna ɛ-tʋmɩyɛ kɩpanɖɛ labʋ, nɛ palabɩ kʋjɔʋ yaa pɛhɛyɩ-ɩ pɩlɩɩna pʋyɔɔ nɛ ɖajaa sʋsɔ Romain Rolland tɛ ŋŋ yɔɔdʋʋ yɔ. Etisaɣ nɛ ɛyɔɔdɩ size, ɖajaa Ludwig van Beethoven wɛ ɖɔɖɔ soci nɛ kɔɔnɔɔ minziiki tɩna. Ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ, sɔdʋʋ tʋ yaa pɔtɔŋgʋ size ɖoŋ tʋ sʋsɔ kɛ minziiki tʋmɩyɛ labʋ kɩfam taa. Beethoven cɛyɩ ɛ-tɩ kpem nɛ ɛkɛ, ɛyʋ weyi patɩlɩ siŋŋ yɔ kɛ minziiki caanaʋ tɔm hɔɔlʋʋ taa.


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Tayilandɩ
Tayilandɩ kɛna Azii nɛ hɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ nɛ hadɛ kiŋ nɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-halanzɩ taa makɩɣna 514 000 km2. Pʊcɔ nɛ pɩnaɣ 1939 lɩɣʊ lɛ payawaɣ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ se Siyam Kewiyaɣ.
Tayilandɩ nɛ Birimanɩ pasɩnɛ ɖa-ma kamaɣ kɛ ɖɩ-wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ nɛ ɖɩwɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ nɛ hayi kiŋ ɖɔɖɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ nɛ ɖɩ-hadɛ kiŋ lɛ, ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se Maalɛɛzii yɔ ɖɩwɛna. Wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ Kambɔjɩ ñɩnɖɛ, piyele nɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɛ ɖɩwɩsɩ dɩlɩyɛ nɛ hayi kiŋ lɛ Lawosɩ wɛna.
Tayilandɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ nɛ ndʊ tɩkɩla pakɩlɩ-tʊ sɩm yɔ ndʊ lɛ Kuruŋŋ Teepi, ndʊ patasɩɣ yaʊ se Baŋgɔɔkɩ. Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlɩɣ yɔɔdɩɣ nɛ ŋgʊ pawɩlɩɣ komina sukulinaa taa yɔ, ŋgʊ lɛ tayii nɛ liidiye yɔ baatɩ.
Tayilandɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa lɛ, weyi ɛkɩlɩ caɣʊ kewiyaɣ yɔɔ yɔ ɛnʊ lɛ wiyao Rama IX, kpaɣ ɖooo 1946. Peeɖe lɛ, wiyao ɛnʊ ɛkɛna Ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊtʊ, Sɔɔjanaa ñʊʊtʊ, ɛsɔ sɛtʊ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se Buudiyism yɔ ɖɩnɔɔ yɔɔ ɖɛyʊ nɛ kʊɖʊm ɛnʊ lɛ ɛsɔ sɛtʊ aŋgba kpeekpe yɔɔ cɔnɩyʊ.


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Tɔm yɔɔ kandɩyʊ (Avocat - métier)
Waɖɛ taa lɛ, paɣtʊ yɔ kandɩyʊ kɛ paɣtʊ ɛyʊ yaa paɣtʊ yɔ ɖɔmɩyʊ weyi paa ɛzɩmta lɛ, ɛ-tʊmɩyɛ lɛ se ɛtasɩ lɔŋ nɛ ɛkandɩ ɛ-ɛyaa yɔ. Ɛyʊ tomnaɣ tʊ yaa ɛyʊ weyi ɛsɩma lɔŋ yɔ, tɔm hʊʊ kpanda taa lɛ, ɛ-tɛ lʊbɩnaʊ taa lɛ, ɛlʊkɩ se ɛwɛna kɛzɛwaɣ ɛ-tɔm yɔ nɛ pɩkɩlɩ lɛ, ɛcakɩ polonaa taa. Tɔm yɔ kandɩyʊ ɛnʊ ɛwɛna lɔŋ tasʊʊ tɔmɩyɛ nɛ lakasɩ wɛtʊ tɛ tɔm cɔlʊʊ. Paɣtʊ yɔ kandɩyʊʊ lɩm ɖʊʊ tɔmɩyɛ wɛ kɩjɛyʊʊ pɩlɩna ɛjaɖɛ paɣtʊ cɔlɔ, kɔzɩ kɔzɩ mbʊ se ɛɖɔkɩ yɔɔ kandʊʊ tɛ paɣtʊ tɔm hɔm natʊyʊ naa ɛsɩndaa.
Ɖoo canaʊ taa Krɛsɩ nɛ Room kaaɖʊʊ tɔm yɔɔ kandɩyaa ɛlɛ, tɔm tʊ maɣmaɣ lʊkaɣna ɛ-tɩ yɔɔ. Solon paɣtʊ taa lɛ, tɔm lʊkaɣ ɛ-tɔm yɔɔ tɔm hʊʊ kpaŋ taa ɛlɛ, yee ɛpɩzɩɣ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛyaa ɛsɩndaa kɔyɔ, ewiluu canaʊ tɔm takayasɩ tʊma taa. Room taa lɛ, paɣtʊ yɔ kandɩyʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ pɩsɩ kɩjɛyʊʊ wayɩ wayɩ wɛɛ anɛ a-taa ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛlɛ, paɣtʊ taa ɛsɩndaa lɛ, paɣtʊ yɔɔ kandɩyʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ tɛkɛ tʊmɩyɛ ndɩ pɛhɛyʊʊ ɖɩ-yɔɔ yɔ. Paa ketiizaɣ sɔsɔɔ ɛsɩndaa yɔɔdɩyʊʊ weyi yaa tɔm hʊyʊʊ sɔsɔ weyi ɛpɩzɩɣ ɛwɛna ɛ-tɩyɔɔ tɔm yɔɔ kandɩyʊʊ. Kpaɖʊ loɖo alɩwaatʊ taa, ɛjaɖɛ wɩyaʊ sɔsɔ Justinien lɩzɩɣ tʊmɩyɛ kʊyʊɖɩyɛ tɩnaa ŋgbɛ kɛ kajalaɣ ɖeɖe nɛ payaɣ se tɔm yɔɔ kandɩyaa paɣtʊ.
Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa lɛ, aseɣɖe kajalaɣ pɩlɩna tɔm yɔɔ kandɩyaa yɔ kaawɛ Charlemagne 802 takayaɣ taa. Fransɩ kewiyaɣ taa Philippe 3 Hardi tʊ ma takayaɣ pɩnaɣ 1274 aloma fenaɣ kɩyaakʊ 23 se pasɩma se tɔm yɔ kandɩyaa kɛ paɣtʊ lɩzɩyaa cɔlɔ se pɛkɛ tʊmɩyɛ tɩnaa (waɖɛ hɩɖɛ se wɩlɩyʊʊ. Pɛwɛna mɛɛsatɛ tʊmɩyɛ lɔŋ nɛ pɔcɔlʊʊ pa-tʊmɩyɛ paɣtʊ. Paɣtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɖɩnaɣ se pɩkɛnɛ-ɩ kɩjɛyʊʊ se eɖuu samaɣ ɛsɩndaa nɛ ɛkandɩ tovenim yɔ nɛ pɛhɛyɩ-ɩ pɩ-maɣna (tʊmɩyɛ liidiye kɩhɛyɩyɛ sɔsɔyɛ sɩna takayasɩ 30).
Tɔm yɔɔ kandɩyaa hɔɔlʊʊ nakʊyʊʊ kaakɛ Hɛkʊ Alɩwaatʊ taa kpelaɣ taa tʊmɩyɛ laɖaa nɛ posuu tokonaa kɩkpɛda nɛ kɩɩkɛwɛ tʊmɩyɛ tɔɔlaɣ Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Tɔm yɔɔ lʊɖa ɖɩjaɣyɛ (ndɩ payaɣ se ordo) paɣzɩna Paarii paɣtʊ lɩzɩyaa kedizaɣ tɛ ɖʊtʊ pɩnaɣ 1302 nɛ tɔm yɔɔ lʊɖa tɛ kpata. Tɔbʊʊ se ɛyaa cɛŋga ŋga pɩha-kɛ waɖɛ se palʊ tɔm yɔɔ yɔ kpaŋ taa yɔ pɩnaɣ 1327 pɩlɩna Valois tɛ Philippe cɔlɔ. Mbʊ lɛ, kajalaɣ paɣtʊ yɔɔ ɖɔm paɣzɩ lɩɣ. Pɩnaɣ 1344 paɖʊ paɣtʊ natʊyʊ paɣtʊ lɩzɩyaa ketizaɣ taa kɛ Paarii kewiyaɣ taa nɛ pɩwɩlɩɣ mbʊ pɩwɛ se tɔm yɔɔ kandɩyʊ ɛla yɔ. Tʊmɩyɛ ndɩ ɖɩɩpɔzaɣ ɛyaa 51 pɩnaɣ 1340 taa.
Ɛyʊ weyi palɩza se ɛkɛ pɔnɔɔ ɖɛyʊ yɔ ɛkɛna tɔm yɔ kandɩyaa lɔŋ tasʊʊ ŋgbɛɛ ñʊʊtʊ. Ɛɖɔkaɣ ɖaʊ nakʊyʊ ɛ-tʊmɩyɛ labʊ taa kɛ Ɛsɔ tɛ kɩlaʊ ɖeɖe Hɛkʊ Alɩwaatʊ. Ɛ-tʊmɩyɛ kɛkɛ se ɛñɔɔzɩ ɛ-nɛ ɛ-tabala hɛkʊ taa yee tɔm ɛlaba yɔ. Tɔm yɔɔ lʊɖʊ tʊkaɣ tɔm yɔɔ kandɩyʊ nɛ samaɣ.


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Radɩyɔm
Radɩyɔm kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 88 nɛ yʊsaɣ ñɩŋa yɔ Ra. Pʊtʊ ɛnʊ ɛhʊlʊmaa paɖa paɖa kɛlɛ peyeba-ɩ helim taa yem kɔyɔ epiyuu. Radɩyɔm kɛ ɖʊʊyʊ ñɩɣlɩm tɛtʊ pɩyʊ weyi ɛtɔɖɔɔ ʊranɩyɔm ñɩɣlɩm tɛtʊ taa yɔ. Pɛcɛsaɣ pechblende, ʊranɩyɔm ñɩɣlɩm tɛtʊ lɛ Marie Curie nɛ ɛ-walʊ pana-ɩ pɩnaɣ 1898. Poluba radɩyɔm hɩɖɛ pɩlɩna latɛŋ kʊnʊŋ yɔɔ mbʊ se radius (cɛŋga), ɖɔɖɔ kpaagbaa mbʊ tɔmʊʊ cɛnzɩ tɔʊʊ.
Pana radɩyɔm lɛ pɩtɩŋna Marie Sklodowska-Curie nɛ ɛ-walʊ Pierre Curie saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 21 pɩnaɣ 1898 pechblende ñɩɣlɩm tɛtʊ natʊyʊ taa. Alɩwaatʊ ndʊ pɛkpɛlɛkaɣ ñɩɣlɩm pʊtʊ ɛnʊ ɛ-tɔm yɔ Curie waa kaatɛma huyuu ʊranɩyɔm tɩŋa, se pɩsa nɛ pana se kagasaɣ ŋga kaawɛ kɔtɔwaɣ cɛnzɩ siŋ. Hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ pɩnaɣ 1898 wɛɛ taa, palɩzɩ pechblende taa pʊtʊ nɔyʊ ɛwɛ ɛzɩ pɩsɩmʊtɩ yɔ, pʊwɛɛ ɛzɩ ɛlɩna pɔlɔnɩyɔm taa kɛnɛ.
Curie waa susi pɛ-tɛ natʊ tɔm lɛɣtʊ tʊmɩyɛ yɔɔ kandɩyaa saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 26 pɩnaɣ 1898. Pʊtʊ ɛnʊ paya-ɩ radɩyɔm kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 1899 cɔlɔ mbʊ yɔ. pama tɔmpiye nɖɩ latɛŋ taa mbʊ radius pʊ-tɔbʊʊ cɛnzɩ tɔʊʊ tɛ.
Paahuyuu radɩyɔm pʊɖɔʊʊ ŋnɔɔ, kpaɣ ɛzɩ pɩnaɣ 1918, Etaazuunii ɛyaa lakaɣ kikpeekpe lɛ pɩɩkɛ 13,6 g. Pɩnaɣ 1954, radɩyɔm 2,3 kg yeke ɖeke kaawɛna kedeŋga kpeekpe taa, nɛ mayaɣ kɛtɛlɛɣzɩ pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩna sɔnɔ. Ajɛyɛ wena akɩlɩɣ labʊ radɩyɔm yɔ ana yɔ Pɛlɩzɩkɩ, Kanadaa, Cɛɛkɩ ɛjaɖɛ, Silovakii, Kewiisi kpɛndʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ nɛ Ajɛyɛ kɩbɩna wena aawɛ Soviyetiki kɩkpɛndʊʊ taa yɔ.
Palaba tʊmɩyɛ nɛ radɩyɔm pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩ pɩnzɩ 1950, pɩlɩna mʊntʊsʊʊ tɔʊʊ wɛtʊ yɔɔ, tɔlɩm mbʊ palakɩ-pʊ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ alɩwaatʊ heyuu ñɩɣyʊʊ taa, palaba-ɩ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɛsɔdaa lɔɔɖa tʊma ɖeɖe nɛ wondu ndʊ tɩwɛ wazaɣ ñʊʊ yabɩtʊ ɖeɖe yɔ. Radɩyɔm kajalaɣ kɩlanaʊ ŋgʊ pɛlɛɣ naʊ ŋgʊ lɛ ɖɔkɔtɔ sɔsɔ George F. Kunz tɛ ñɩŋʊ, weyi ɛta ɛ-tɛ mɔntrɩ radɩyɔm tɔlɩm se pɩsa nɛ ɛpɩzɩ ɛna-zɩ cɩkpɛndʊʊ taa, kɛlɛ ɛsɩɩ takayaɣ nakayɛ pɩlɩna pʊ-tʊmɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩyɔɔ salaŋ fenaɣ taa pɩnaɣ 1903.


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Hydraulique
"Hydraulique" kɛna mbʋ payaɣ se physique yɔ pi-piliŋa nakɛyɛ. Piliŋa ŋ́ga kɔcɔŋnana mbʋ poyolaa nɛ pikpeŋ wɛlɛlɛ yɔ pʋ-yɔɔ, kɔzɩ kɔzɩ lɩm nɛ num.
"Hydraulique" kɛna pɩlʋʋ ŋgʋ kɩcɔŋna hɔɔlɩŋ naalɛ yɔɔ yɔ, paa tokaɣ ɛwɛ hɔɔlɩŋ ɛnʋ ɛ-naalɛ ɛ-hɛkʋ taa kɔyɔ. Hɔɔlɩŋ ɛnʋ, ɛnʋʋ yɔ :
- Kajalaɣ hɔɔlʋʋ kɔyɔ mbʋ payaɣ se lɩm tɛ "sciences" nɛ pɩ-tɛ "technologies" waa. Mba cɔŋnana ɛzɩma mbʋ pala lɩm nɛ tʋmɩyɛ yɔ.
Ɛzɩ mbʋ payaɣ se "hydrologie" nɛ mbʋ payaɣ se "hydraulique urbaine" nɛ mbʋ payaɣ se "hydrogéologie" yɔ (ɩ́cɔna mbʋ payaɣ se "Portail Eau" nɛ ɩna).
- Hɔɔlʋʋ naalɛ n̄ɩŋgʋ lɩm mbʋ pʋwɛ pompɩnaa taa yɔ pɩ-tɛ "sciences" nɛ pɩ-tɛ "technologies" waa.
Ɛzɩ mbʋ payaɣ se "hydromécanique" nɛ mbʋ payaɣ se "oléohydraulique" nɛ mbʋ payaɣ se "moteur hydraulique" nɛ mbʋ payaɣ se "pompe oléohydraulique" nɛ mbʋ payaɣ se "presse hydaulique" nɛ mbʋ payaɣ se "machine hydraulique" yɔ…
Ɖooo lɛ, "hydraulique" kɛkɛŋna piliŋa ŋga kawɩlɩɣ ɛzɩma mbʋ pamaɣzɩ lɩm nɛ ɛzɩma mbʋ lɩm ɛtɩŋɩ yɔ nɛ ɛzɩma mbʋ pakpazɩ lɩm yɔ. Pɔmpɩnaa pakpakaɣ nɛ palakɩna tʋma ana. "Hydraulique" cɔŋnana pɔmpɩnaa yɔɔ nɛ mba payaɣ se "plombiers" waa yɔ, papa n̄ɔcɔŋnana ɛzɩma mbʋ lɩm ɛtɩŋ nɛ pɩɖɛɛ pɔmpɩnaa taa yɔ.


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Tɩlɩyɛ alɩwaatʊ taa mʊsɩ
Tɩlɩyɛ soo yaa cɔlɩɩ minziiki pɩkɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa taa kiŋ tɩlɩyɛ tɩnaa minziiki ŋgʊ kɩlɩna ɛsɔ sɛtʊ aŋgba cɔlɔ, kɩwɛɛ ndɩ ɛyaa kpeekpe tɛ ŋgʊ kpaɣ ɖooo hɛkʊ alɩwaatʊ ŋkɔɔ ŋtalɩna sɔnɔ ɖa-kɩyakɩŋ. Paya-kʊ se cɔlɩyɛ minziiki kɔyɔ pɩlɩna mbʊ kɩlɩ cɔɔlɩyɛ alɩwaatʊ taa yɔ, kpaɣ kpaɣɖʊ 18 ŋtalɩ pɩnaɣ 1820 alɩwaatʊ. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (pɩnzɩ 1756 ŋtalɩ 1791) kaakɛna ɛyʊ weyi ɛɛkɩlɩ minziiki ŋgʊ kʊ-tʊmɩyɛ labʊ yɔ.
Kamaɣ ŋga kaawɛ yaa katʊkaɣ cɔlɩɩ minziiki (nabʊyʊ taa payaɣa ɖɔɖɔ se minziiki sɔsɔʊ yɔ) nɛ ɛyaa tɩŋa tɛ minziiki yɔ kaawɛ mɩzɩzɩ yaa taaɖɔɔ. Mbʊ lɛ hendu kalɩyaa nabayɛ ɛzɩ Jean-Philippe Rameau, Johann Sebastian Bach yaa Joseph Haydn maɣa pa-tʊma pɩcɛlɩna wɛɛ naayɛ keekee, (kujukasi cɔɔcɩ kɩlaŋ yaa wiyaʊ pɩɣa Esterhazy tɔɔnaɣ tɔɔʊ cɔlɔ mbʊ yɔ).
Paa nɛ nesi kɩbanzɩ yɔɔ yaa lɩmɩyɛ yɔɔ, kajalaɣ wulaɣu taa Claude Debussy, Gustav Mahler nɛ Serguei Prokofiev, naalɛ ŋgʊ Maurice Ravel, Jean Sibelius nɛ Igor Stravinski, naatozo ŋgʊ taa Maurice Ravel, Jean Sibelius nɛ Igor Stravinski.


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Sao Paolo
Sao Poolo kɛna Piresiili ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ natʊyʊ. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩwɛ Piresiili ɛjaɖɛ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ nɛ hadɛ kiŋ. Pɩnaɣ 2014 taa paakalɩ kigalʊʊ lɛ, ɛyaa mba pana tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-taa yɔ paakpɛnda ɛyaa miliyɔɔnaa 11 895 893 nɛ tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-walanzɩ landammm taa maɣna ɛkɩtaarɩnaa ɛzɩ 152 300 yaa kilomɛtanaa 1 523 yɔ. Mbʊ yebina nɛ pɛkɛdɩna tɛtʊ ndʊ nɛ lɛɛtʊ ndʊ tɩwɛ Preeziili ɛjaɖɛ taa kɔyɔ, tɩ-taa kɛ ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ nɛ yee pɩkɛna Amerika Latini hɔɔlʊʊ taa kɔyɔ, ndʊ kɛŋna natʊlɛ ñɩndʊ ɛyaa ɖɔʊ taa.
Keteŋa kpeekpe ta lɛ, Sao Poolo tɛtʊ taa ɛyaa kɩlɩɣ Pɔrɩtɩgɛɛ kʊnʊŋ kɛ yɔɔdʊʊ. Amerika kɩteŋa taa lɛ, tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɛyaa tɩkɩla ɖɔʊ yɔ ndʊ lɛ: Mɛkisiikoo, Niyuu Yɔrɩkɩ nɛ Sao Poolo ñɩndʊ. Pɩkɛ keteŋa kpeekpe taa kɔyɔ, Sao Poolo tɛtʊ kɛŋna kagbaanzɩ ndʊ kɛ kɛ ɛyaa ɖɔʊ taa. Preeziili ɛjaɖɛ taa lɛ, Sao Poolo tɛtʊ kɛlɛ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa tɔsʊʊ nɛ ɛsɩndaa wobu wɛɛ yɔ.
Ɛzɩ ajɛya lɛɛna taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ ñɩnɩɣʊ se tɩnɛ lɛɛna taa ñɩndʊ ɛlakɩ ɖama nɩnaʊ nɛ taabalɩyɛ tʊmɩyɛ yɔ, Sao Poolo tɛtʊ nɛ ajɛya lɛɛna taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ sakɩyɛ nina ɖma nɛ alaki tʊma kʊɖʊma. Tɛtʊ ndʊ, tɩwɛ keteŋa kpeekpe ajɛya nayɛ taa: Afrika taa, Amerika taa, Azia taa, Eerɔpʊ taa nɛ Oseyani taa. Ajɛya ana, akpɛnda 42 nɛ kacalaɣ tɛtʊ yɔ Miilaŋ, Itaalii ɛjaɖɛ taa ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1962 nɛ wayɩ wayɩ tɛtʊ lɛ, Alizee tɛtʊ, Alizeerii ɛjaɖɛ taa pɩnaɣ 2005.
Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-taa yaa komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa yɔ, ŋgʊlɛ, pɔrɩtɩgɛɛ. Payaɣ tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-tɛ maalika yɔɔ cɔnɩyʊ kɩfalʊ se.


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Kazakisitanɩ
Kazakisitanɩ kɛna ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ ɖɩhɔɔlʊʊ sɔsɔʊ wɛna Aazi ilemiye hɛkʊ taa nɛ hayʊ kiŋ pɩnɛ Erɔpʊ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa hɔɔʊʊ nakʊyʊ pɩkɩlɩna Urali Pɔsɩ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa.
Pamaza Kazakisitanɩ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ 27 244 900 km2 nɛ ɖenɖe lɩm wɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe takɩlɩ ɖɔʊ. Pakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ pana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 17 948 816 pʊtɔbʊʊ se papɩzɩɣ pana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 5,7 yɔ kɛ km2 yɔɔ. Saŋgayɩŋ fenaɣ 16 pɩnaɣ 1991 kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩmʊ ɖɩ-tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊ. Payaɣ ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊdʊ kɩfalʊ se Noursoultan Nazarbaïev nɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina ñʊʊdʊ kɩfalʊ payaɣ se Bakytjan Saguintaïev.
Kʊnʊmɩŋ weyi pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, ɩnʊʊ lɛ kazakɩ nɛ rusii. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Astana ɛlɛ ndʊ tɩkɩla walanzɩ yɔ ndʊ lɛ Almatii. Yee ɛyʊ ɛsɔɔlaa se ɛyaa nɔɔyʊ kɛ kaŋgalafu yɔɔ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa kɔyɔ, pɩkɛna-ɩ kɩjɛyʊʊ se ɛma +7 ɛ-tɛ kaŋgalafu kpata yɔɔ pʊcɔ ŋɛ ɛɛma pɩtɛ ɛyʊʊ kaŋgalafu nimaɣ mayaɣ kpata yɔɔ pʊcɔ nɛ ɛɛma pɩtɛ ɛyʊʊ kaŋgalafu nimaɣ mayaɣ. Pakpazʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ kɩɖaʊ kɛdɛɛka nɛ pɛtɛ lɛ, peteɣu wendu ndʊ yɔ, ndʊ lɛ se mɛntɛ Kazakisitanɩ. Liidiye nɖɩ pɔtɔkɩ-ɖɩ peeɖe yɔ payaɣ-ɖɩ se Teŋge.


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Pɔcɩwaanaa
Pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ 19 taa kɛ you sɔsɔʊ nakʊyʊ tuli Bɔɔcʊwaana ñɩma nɛ Ndebele cejewi ñɩma mba palɩna ɖooo Kalahari kañɩmbʊsaɣ ɛjaɖɛ taa yɔ hɛkʊ taa.
Pɩlaba mbʊ lɛ, laŋpɩyɛ sɔsɔyɛ naɖɩyɛ ñaɖaɣnlɩʊ alɩwaaatʊ ndʊ Poowɛɛrɩ hɔɔlʊʊ taa mba mba palɩna Transvaal taa pɔ;kɔɔ yɔ paɖʊ pɔ-nɔɔ lɛ. Kpaagbaa mbʊ lɛ, Bɔɔcʊwaana ñʊʊtʊ Khama III, Bathoen nɛ Sebele pama kobuka sɔsɔwa nɛ briitaaniiki ñɩma kpaɣ Pɔcɩwaanaa tɛtʊ nɛ pakandɩɩ ɖɩyɔɔ kpaɣ lakɩŋ fenaɣ 31 wiye pɩnaɣ 1885. Pɔcɩwaanaatɛtʊ ŋgʊ kʊhɔɔlʊʊ hayʊ kɩŋ ñɩŋgʊ pɩsɩna mbʊ payaɣ sɔnɔ se Pɔcɩwaanaa ɛjaɖɛ yaa kɛlɛʊ se Pɔɔcʊwaana yɔ. Piyele nɛ kɩ-tɛ hɔɔlʊʊ hadɛ ñɩŋgʊ lɛ kɩtamna Afrika nɛ kɩ-hadɛ kɩŋ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se l'Afrika Hadɛ kiŋ yɔ nɛ kɩwɛna peeɖe nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ nɛ hayɩ kɩŋ. Peeɖe ɛyaa yɔɔdɩɣ kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ payaɣ se setswana yɔ. Pɔcɩwaanaataa ɛyaa yɔɔdɩɣ Ɩŋglɩɩsɩ kʊnʊŋ nɛ cabɩ ñɔyɔɔdɩɣ cʊwaana. Ɛyaa mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ lɛ, 71 kɛ krɩstʊ ñɩma nɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ lɛ, 20 mbʊ yɔ ɛɛlakɩ cɔɔcɩ nakʊyʊ.
Mɩsɩkʊm fenaɣ 1964 kɛ Kiraandɩ-Pretaañɩ tɩsaa ndʊ Pɔcɩwaanaa komina kɔsɔɔla se kɩwɛɛ kɩtɩ-yɔɔ kpem yɔ. Pɩnaɣ kʊɖʊmaɣ wayɩ lɛ, powona kpelaɣ ŋga kaɖɩcaɣyɛ sɔsɔyɛ kɛ Afrika hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ taa; pɩñɔtɩna Gaborone tɛtʊ taa.
Pɩnaɣ 1965 taa kɛ pɔtɔ caca nɛ Pɔcɩwaanaa hiu kɩ-tɩ yɔɔ caɣʊ kɛ salaŋ fenaɣ 1966 nɛ weyi ɛɛkɩla lʊbʊ yɔ, pɔtɔ caca 1980 lɛ, samaɣ ñɔyɩ-ɩ nɛ palɩzɩ-ɩ se eɖɩ peeɖe samaɣ. Pɩnzɩ naanza wayɩ lɛ, paɖaɣnɩ tɔʊ caca nɛ palɩzɩ ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊdʊ kɩfalʊ nɛ ɛnʊʊ lɛ Quett Masire. Pɔtɔ cacana 1984, 1989, 1994 nɛ ɛnʊ pɛwɛ lɩzɩɣ yɔɔ nɛ pɩnaɣ 1998 lɛ, ɛmaɣmaɣ eyele kewiyaɣ nɛ ɛcaɣ se ɛhɛzɩ. Pɔtɔ caca 1999 lɛ, ñʊʊdʊ tɛɛ ñɩnʊ Ɖajaa Festus Mogae kpaɣ kewiitu nɛ patasɩ-ɩ lɩzɩɣ ɖɔɖɔ 2004. Ɛlɛ wayɩ lɛ kewiiu talɩna lotona-zeneraalɩ Seretse Ian Khama kɛ pɩnaɣ 2008. Wayɩ nɛ wayɩ ñɩnʊ ɛnɛ, ɛkɛ kacalaɣ peeɖe wiyao pɩyalʊ.


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Teŋgu
Teŋgu kɛ lɩm wandamm kadaɣ sɔsɔɔ nakɛyɛ. Ɛyʋ ɛsɩŋa teŋgu lɩm wandamm kadaɣ kidiiliŋ nɔɔ nakʋyʋ yɔɔ kɔyɔ, ɛɛpɩzɩɣ elosi ki-kidiiliŋ lɛɛkʋ nɔɔ. Kedeŋa kpeekpe yɔɔ cɩnɛ lɩm wandamm kadasɩ sɔsɔsɩ naadozo wɛna.
Lɩm wandamm kadasɩ nzɩ, sɩ-hɩla yɔ : Lɩŋgamʋʋ (océan) nɛ teŋgu (mer) nɛ kujomuu (lac). Sɩ-naadozo sɩ-taa payɩ lɛ, lɩŋgamʋʋ tɛ lɩm wandamm kadaɣ kɩlɩna walʋʋ. Ka-wayɩ lɛ, teŋgu tɛ lɩm wandamm kadaɣ tɩŋɩna. Nɛ kaka wayɩ lɛ, kujomuu tɛ lɩm wandamm kadaɣ ñatɩŋ.
Teŋgu lɩm wandamm kadaɣ tɔm ɖɩkɛdɩɣ cɩnɛ. Teŋgunaa taa lɩm nabɩyʋ wɛ salala nɛ lalaa taa lɩm ñɛwɛɛ leleŋ. Kedeŋa kpeekpe yɔɔ cɩnɛ teŋgunaa tɩŋa taa payɩ lɛ Arabii teŋgu lɩm kadaɣ kɩlɩna walanzɩ nɛ cukaŋ pa-nʋmɔʋ taa. Teŋgunaa taa lɩm cukaŋ fɛyɩ kɩmaŋ kɩ-hɔɔlɩŋ tɩŋa taa. Hɔɔlɩŋ nɩɩyɛ limaa pɩkɩlɩ hɔɔlɩŋ lɛɛŋ.
Arabii teŋgu taa lɩm walanzɩ kɛ miiliyɔɔ waa 3,8 km2. Kɩ-hɔɔlʋʋ nakʋyʋ taa lɩm cukaŋ kɛ mɛtɛnaa 5.800. Arabii teŋgu payaɣ ɖɔɖɔ se Oman teŋgu.
Teŋgu kʋnɛ kɩ-wayɩ lɛ, Siini teŋgu tɩŋɩna walanzɩ nɛ cukaŋ pa-nʋmɔʋ taa. Payaɣ Siini teŋgu ɖɔɖɔ se Siini ɛjaɖɛ nɛ hadɛ kiŋ teŋgu. Kɩ-walanzɩ kɛ miiliyɔɔ waa 3,5 km2. Ku-cukaŋ ñɛkɛ mɛtɛnaa 1645 kɩ-hɔɔlʋʋ nakʋyʋ. Kɩ-hɔɔlʋʋ ŋgʋ kɩkɩlɩ liŋguu yɔ, ku-cukaŋ kɛ mɛtɛnaa 5015.
Siini teŋgu wayɩ lɛ, ‘’Sargasses’’ waa teŋgu tɩŋɩna walanzɩ nɛ cukaŋ pa-nʋmɔʋ taa. Kɩ-walanzɩ kɛ miiliyɔɔ waa 3,5 km2. Teŋgu kʋnɛ kɩ-wayɩ lɛ, Meditɛɛranee teŋgu tɩŋɩɣna. Kɩ-walanzɩ kɛ 2 969 000 km2. Ku-cukaŋ kɛ mɛtɛnaa 1 377. Ɛlɛ, kɩ-hɔɔlʋʋ ŋgʋ kɩkɩlɩ liŋguu yɔ, ku-cukaŋ kɛ mɛtɛnaa 4 399. Meditɛɛranee teŋgu taa lɩm lɛɣzɩɣ paa pɩnzɩ mɩnʋʋ nzɩɩ lɛ sɩ-wayɩ.
Meditɛɛranee teŋgu wayɩ lɛ, Wedɛɛlɩ (Weddell) teŋgu tɩŋɩna. Kʋkʋ walanzɩ kɛ 2 800 000 km2.


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Heelim
Heelim pɩkɛ pʋyʋ mbʋ pɩfɛtɩɣ kedeŋa yɔɔ nɛ pɩhaɣ ɛyʋ fezuu yɔ. Pɩkɛ mbʋ payaɣ se "gaazí" yɔ. Fefeku nakʋyʋ kɔŋnana heelim. Heelim yɔɔ patɩŋɩɣna nɛ palɩzɩɣ mbʋ pɩlakɩ payɩ yɔ pʋ-tɔbɩŋ. Mbʋ payaɣ se "dynamique des fluides " yɔ, pʋ-yɔɔ pɩtɩŋɩɣna nɛ heelim fɛtɩɣ.
Heelim wɛ ndɩ ndɩ. Nabʋyʋ fɛtɩɣ ɖoŋ, lɛɛbʋ n̄ɛfɛtɩ tɛmm. Pɩtɛkɛ pʋyʋ kʋɖʋm kɔŋnana heelim. Nabʋyʋ lɩɣna lɩm tɛɛ nɛ lɛɛbʋ n̄alɩɣna tɛtʋ yɔɔ. Papɩzɩ pamaɣzɩ heelim fɛtɩɣ ɖoŋ fɛtʋʋ mbʋ yɔ. Wonuu ŋgʋ payaɣ "anémomètre" yɔ, mbʋʋ pamaɣzɩna heelim fɛtɩɣ ɖoŋ fɛtʋ mbʋ yɔ. Ɛsɔmɩnʋʋ tɛɛ pʋdʋnaa mba pɛwɛɛ nɛ payaɣ-wɛ se "planètes" waa yɔ, pa-taa lɛ, Nɛptiini nɛ Satirini pɔ-yɔɔ kɛ heelim kɩlɩɣ fɛtɩɣ ɖoŋ.
Heelim yekina nɛ wondu ndɩ ndɩ pɩzɩɣ tɩcakɩ wezuu lɩm kamɩŋ tɛɛ nɛ pʋŋ sɔsɔŋ yɔɔ. Mbʋ lakɩna nɛ mbʋ payaɣ se "organiques" waa nɛ "minéraux" waa yɔ pamaɣ pɔɔ pɔɔ nɛ pɩpɩzɩɣ kaaŋ sɔsɔŋ. Heelim lakɩna nɛ tɛtɛn̄ɩtʋ cikpetu ndʋ tʋkʋyʋʋ fuɖuu fuɖuu yɔ tɩlɩɣzɩɣ lona. Mbʋ lakɩna ɖɔɖɔ ɖɔɖɔ nɛ sumasɩ ndɩ ndɩ kʋyʋʋ nɛ sɩlɩɣzɩɣ lona. Heelim yekina nɛ tɩŋ wɛɣna ɛ-wɛtʋ. Mbʋ lakɩna nɛ tɩŋ lɩɣ hɛtʋ nɛ ɛlʋlʋʋ e-pe ndɩ ndɩ.
Heelim wɛna wazaɣ siŋŋ kedeŋa tɔm taa. Pʋwɛ wazaɣ siŋŋ nʋmɔŋ wobu nʋmɔŋ taa. Halɩ pʋwɛ wazɣ ɖɔɖɔ yoŋ nʋmɔŋ taa. Heelim haɣ ɖoŋ nɩɩyɛ anɩsaayɩ n̄ɩɣtʋ natʋyʋ lubu nʋmɔŋ taa, ɖɩkpaɣ ɛzɩ mootinaa nabɛyɛ mbʋ yɔ, heelim lakɩna nɛ palakɩ tʋmɩyɛ. Heelim wɛ wazaɣ siŋŋ laatriki miŋ ɖʋʋ nʋmɔŋ taa. Halɩ pʋwɛ wazaɣ aleɣya ndɩ ndɩ nʋmɔŋ taa.
Heelim mbʋ pɩlɩɣna wɩsɩ cɔlɔ nɛ pɩfɛtɩɣ yɔ, payaɣ-pʋ se wɩsɩ tɛ heelim. Heelim mbʋ pʋpʋ lɩɣna ɛsɔmɩnʋʋ tɛɛ yem nɛ pɩofɛtɩɣ kedeŋa yɔɔ yɔ, payaɣ pʋpʋ se "vent planétaire".


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Yangzi Jiang pɔɔ

Yangzi Jiang (Sinuwa kɛlɛʊ taa lɛ: 扬子江, sɔnzɩ tɛ Sinuwa tɛ lɛ: 揚子江) kɛ pɔɔ ŋga kakɩlɩɣ ɖaɣlʊʊ Aazii kedeŋga taa yɔ. Ka-ɖalakɩŋ maɣna ɛzɩ kilomɛta waa 6.380. Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa lɛ, payaɣ pɔɔ ŋga se tɔlɩm kɩkpɛdɩm pɔɔ yaa Yaŋ-cɛ-Kɩyaŋ yaa Yaŋ-cɛ.
Pɔɔ hoɖe ɛzɩ 30 000 m3/s, kɛ ɖalakɩŋ kɩkɩlɩm taa lɩm pɔɔ natozo ŋga ɛjaɖɛ taa pɔɔsɩ kɩɖalasɩ taa Amazonii nɛ Niili pɔɔsɩ wayi. Kalɩna Tɩbɛtɩ nɛ mɛta waa 6621 kɛ Taŋkuula pʊŋ sɔsɔŋ taa ɛjaɖɛ ɛsɩndaa ɖɔmpɛ tɛ nɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ ɖɔmpɛ tiba tɩ-yɔ yɔ.

Kɛdɛzʊʊ kilomɛta waa 6380 pʊcɔ kɛkpɛndɩ Siini wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa teŋgʊʊ taa, Saŋkayi nɛ hayi kɩŋ Siini tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ. Kɛtɛzʊʊ na kinghai kewiyaɣ tɛtʊ taa nɛ Yunnan nɛ Sichuan nɛ Hubei nɛ Jiangxi nɛ Anhui nɛ Jiangsu nɛ kɛtɛzʊʊ ɖɔɖɔ Chongqing nɛ Nankin nɛ Caŋhayi agbeela sɔsɔna tɛtʊ.

Kɛ-tɛ kpeem taa lɛ, kamʊʊ pɔɔsɩ kɩkpɛdasɩ mɩnɩŋ lʊbɛ tɛ lɩm nɛ pɩpɩsɩ lɩm kajataɣ kpɛlɛkʊʊ fɛʊʊ kilomɛta waa miiliyɔɔ waa 1,8 kpɛɛ ko. Paa pɩnaɣ ŋga lɛ, kɛwɛna se kapɩyʊʊ lɩm megbaŋ kudoku Siini teŋguu taa nɛ pɩkɔŋna mʊʊzʊŋ sakɩyɛ pɔɔ nɔɔ yɔ.


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Iranɩ
Iranɩ kɛnɛ Aazii nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ patasɩɣ-ɖɩ yaʊ ɖɔɖɔ se Pɛrɩsɩ. Iranɩ nɛ ajɛya wena asɩ ɖama nɛ kamasɩ yɔ ana yɔ: Afganistani, Arimeeni, Azɛribayijani, Irakɩ, Pakisitaani, Turkimenisitanɩ nɛ Tuurikii. Iranɩ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ yɔ Teeraŋ nɛ pakalɩ ɛyaa kpeekpe kɛ aloma fenaɣ pɩnaɣ 2015 ɛlɛ pɛkpɛndɩ ɛyaa 80 096 604. Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pɔyɔɔdɩɣ yɔ ŋgʊ lɛ Pɛrɩsanɩ nɛ liidiye ŋɖɩ pɔtɔkɩ yɔ ɖɩɖɩ lɛ riyalɩ. Payaɣ pɛ-tɛ pɩnaɣ taa fenasɩ takayaɣ ɖɔɖɔ se Pɛrɩsanɩ.
Papazɩɣ yaʊ se Iranɩ yɔ pɩtakɩlɩ leɖɩɣ. Pɩnaɣ 1935 taa kɛ papaazɩ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩɩ yaʊ mbʊ. Ɖooo kiɖe tɛɛ lɛ payaɣ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ se Pɛrɩsɩ.
Iranɩ walanzɩ taa maɣna ɛzɩ 1 648 195 km2. Tɔsʊʊ hʊʊ taa lɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩkɛna keteŋa kpeekpe taa nɛɛlɛ nɛ nakʊ ñɩnɖɛ kɛ pinaɣ 2015 taa. Ɛlɛ yee pʊwɛɛ se pɔcɔna ɛyʊ kʊɖʊm ñɩm kɔyɔ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖwɛʊ hiu nɛ litoozo taa kedeŋa kpeekpe taa. Pɩnaɣ 2011 taa lɛ pɔcɔnaa se ɛyʊ kʊɖʊm ñɩm talɩɣ ɛzɩ tɔɔlarɩna 11 200.
Kedeŋa kpeekpe taa lɛ Iranɩ kɛna ɛjaɖɛ naalɛ ñɩnɖɛ ɛjaya wena a-taa kaɖazɩm wɛɛ yɔ nɛ ajɛya wena a-taa kaɖazɩm wɛɛ nɛ aɖʊ ŋgbɛyɛ nɛ payaɣ-ɖɩ se OPEP yɔ, Iranɩ kɛna kacalaɣ ñɩnɖɛ kaɖazɩm pɛdɩɣ taa.


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Kpou
Ɛzɩma pamaɣ kpou ? Pɛcɛzɩɣ kpɩnandʋ sakɩyɛ. Cʋʋ kɩsɛmʋʋ payaɣ se kpɩnandʋ. Pɛcɛzɩ-tʋ nɛ pokuu powona pohuti lone naɖɩyɛ taa. Pokuu-tʋ nɛ pʋɖɔɔ lɛ, pañɩŋ-tʋ, pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se pɔhɔɔyɩɣ tɩ-yɔɔ lɩm pazɩ pazɩ kɩyakɩŋ naadozo yaa naanza mbʋ yɔ.
Pʋwayɩ lɛ, pañɩnɩ pɩñɩtʋ. Ñɩtʋ cikpetu natʋyʋ payaɣ mbʋ. Ñɩtʋ ndʋʋ paɖʋʋ kpɩnandʋ taa nɛ ponuuti. Pɩñɩtʋ ndʋ tɩlakɩna nɛ kpou ɛɛyaɣ. Pesidiɣ pɩñɩtʋ ndʋ nɛ kpɩnandʋ lɛ, ponuuti pɩtɩŋa. Ponuutuu nɛ pɩpɩɩ camɩyɛ lɛ, pasɩɩ kpou tɔbʋʋ. Pɩyɛ tayɩ naɖɩyɛ yɔɔ pasɩɣ kpou tɔbʋʋ. Pamaɣ kpou pazɩ pazɩ. Paamaɣ kpou nɛ pakʋ-kʋ evemiye kʋɖʋmɖɩyɛ. Yee kpeɣa pamaɣ kɔyɔ, papɩzɩɣ pama-kɛ nɛ kpɩtaŋ naalɛ. Kpou cikpeluu payaɣ se kpeɣa. Ɛlɛ, yee pɩkɛ kpou sɔsɔʋ kɔyɔ, ɛyʋ kpakɩɣ fenaɣ mpilim nɛ ɛmana-kʋ.
Tam kʋɖʋmbʋ pamaɣ kpou evemiye taa. Ɛlɛ, yee kpɩnandʋ ɛwɛ tɛyɩɣ camɩyɛ kɔyɔ, papɩzɩɣ pama kpou tam naalɛ evemiye taa. Yee ɛyʋ ɛsɔɔlaa se ɛma e-kpou tam nabʋlɛ evemiye taa kɔyɔ, pʋpɔzʋʋ se pañɩŋ kpɩnandʋ ɖoo taa nɛ papazɩ-tʋ nuutuu tɛbɩyɛ. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se pʋwɛɛ se pama-kʋ lɔŋ nɛ pʋcɔ ninɖiyaa wɩsɩ talɩ. Pʋbʋ, matʋ pɩzɩɣ tɩwɩlɩ nɛ pʋcɔ wɩsɩ siɣ. Yee mbʋ, wɩsɩ siɣu wayɩ lɛ, papɩzɩ patasɩ tanaŋ tɛɛ matʋ yɔɔ tɩnɩʋ. Pamaɣ kpou nɛ pakʋ-kʋ nɛ pɩtɛ lɛ, paɖaɣnɩ ñɩnɩʋ pɩñɩtʋ nɛ pesidina kpɩnandʋ nɛ ponuuti pɩpɩɩ camɩyɛ nɛ pama kpɛndɛɛɖɛ. Kaaʋ kɩwalʋʋ yɔɔ pamaɣ kpɛndɖɛɛɖɛ. Pamaɣ-ɖɩ nɛ peseɣ-ɖɩ kpɩtaʋ mpilim wayɩ. Kpɛndɛɛɖɛ posuluu kpou yɔɔ nɛ tɛʋ ɛtaatii kpou taa. Pʋwayɩ lɛ, palʋʋ kpandɩ nɛ posuu-kʋ. Pʋbʋ wayɩ lɛ, palʋʋ hokuu nɛ papa kpɛndɛɛɖɛ yɔɔ nɛ tɛʋ ɛtaayele nɛ ɖɩyɔlɩ.
Kpoŋ wɛ ndɩ ndɩ. Kpoŋ cikpeŋ wɛɛ, ɛnʋʋ payaɣ se kpeɣsi. Kpoŋ sɔsɔŋ kɩmaɣnaŋ ñɛwɛɛ nɛ kpoŋnaalɛ ñɩŋ ñɛwɛɛ. Kpoŋnaadozo ñɩŋ wɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ. Halɩ kpoŋnaanza ñɩŋ ñɛwɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ.
Kpoŋ wɛ wazaɣ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ. Ɛ-taa kabɩyɛ tʋ ɖʋʋ ɛ-hayɩm taa tɔɔnasɩ ndɩ ndɩ. Kpou taa tɔɔnaɣ wɛ yoŋ pɩkɩlɩ saakɩnaa yaa piitɔɔnaa taa tɔɔnasɩ. Sɩsɩ wɛ kpooluu pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ.
Kabɩyɛ pɩɣa, taasɔɔ kpou yɔɔ kaʋ !


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Ajɛyɛ ñʊŋ yɔɔ caɣʊ tɔm ɖɩzʊʊ (Décolonisation)
Ajɛyɛ ñʊʊŋ yɔɔ caɣʊʊ tɔm ɖɩzʊʊ, pɩkɛ ɛsakuliye tɔm kpɛlɛkʊʊ mbʊ palaba Ampiiri pacaɣ ma-ñʊʊŋ yɔɔ waa tɛ kɛ ajɛyɛ ɖoŋ ñɩna wena akɔma nɛ acaɣa lɛɛna yɔɔ yɔ a-ɛsɩnda. Maɣzɩm mbʊ pɩtɩna nɛ ajɛyɛ pacaɣa ma-ñʊʊŋ yɔɔ waa hiɣ tɩyɔɔ wɛʊ tɛ sooci. Pɩpaɣzɩna caɣ pɩnaɣ 1775 Amerika ɛjɛɖɛ taa, ɛlɛ, kedeŋga kpeekpe you naalɛ ŋgʊ wayi tɔm ŋgʊ kʊñɔɔ. Kpɛɖɛɣɛ mbʊ lɛ, tɩ-tɩwalɩ kedeŋga kpeekpe taa pɩkpɛndɩna kajalaɣ ajɛyɛ lɩʊʊ tɛ ɖɔʊ kpaɣ kpaɣɖʊ 20 alɩwaatʊ taa. ONU maɣmaɣ ha waɖɛ takayaɣ se paɖɩzɩ tɔm ndʊ.
Tɩyɔɔ wɛʊ you Etaazuunii ɛjaɖɛ taa wɛ ɛzɩ kajalaɣ laɣsɩ nzɩ sɩtɩna ñʊʊ yɔɔ caɣʊ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ ɖɩzʊʊ yɔ, kɔzɩ kɔzɩ Amerika ɛyaa kʊɖʊma mba pañɩŋga siŋ se peseɣti tɩyɔɔ wɛʊ tɔm ajɛyɛ wena Erɔpʊ caɣ a-yɔɔ yɔ a-taa kɔzɩ kɔzɩ Ɛsɩpañɔɔlɩ ñna taa. Tovenim taa lɛ, Etaazuunii ɛjaɖɛ hiɣ tɩyɔɔ wɛʊ pɩtɩŋna yoŋ sɔsɔŋ nɩɩyɛ pa nɛ tɛtʊ ñʊʊŋ yɔɔ caɣyaa, pɩtɛkɛ pɛ-ɛjaɖɛ taa ɛyaa poyouna. Pɩlabʊ mbʊ lɛ, pɩfɛyʊʊ tɛtʊ tɩnaa yɔɔ nɛ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ pakʊ-wɛ, pɔtɔyɩtʊ-wɛ, ɛyaa mba lɛ, Erɔpʊ mba nɛ pehiɣ ɖoŋ siŋ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ pɛ-ɛyaa lɩna Erɔpʊ nɛ pɔkɔɔ pɔsɔzɩ pɔ-yɔɔ yɔ.
Ñʊʊ yɔɔ caɣʊ tɔmpiye tʊmɩyɛ labɩnaʊ tatʊzɩ camɩyɛ pʊtɔbʊ se ɖiyiduu yaa ɖɩfɛyɩ nɩɣʊ. Cɩnɛ lɛ ɖɩnɩɣ ɖɩ-tɔbʊʊ se ɛjaɖɛ ɖoŋ ñɩnɖɛ ndɩ ɖiyeba-ɖɩ, ɛlɛ ɖɩtalɩzɩ ɖɩ-nesi ɖɩ-nɛyɔ ɖɩ-tɔm taa, yaa ɖitikizi ɖɩ-nɛyɔ. Tɩyɔɔ wɛʊ mbʊ Amerika ajɛyɛ nʊʊŋ yɔɔ caɣa mʊwa yɔ, siɣe taa lɛ, pɩkɛ-wɛ ɖoŋ lɩmaɣza wena papɩzɩ nɛ pacaɣa ajɛyɛ lɛɛna yɔɔ yɔ. Pɩpɩsɩ-wɛ yoŋ Wɩsɩ Ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa kiŋ pa-nɛ Ɛsɩpanɔɔlɩ ɛyaa nɛ Fransɩɩ ɛyaa. Mbʊ pɩtɩna nɛ pɔtɔyɩtɩ ajɛyɛ tɛtʊ taa ɛyaa.
Kajalaɣ kedeŋga kpeekpe you alɩwaatʊ taa, Kewiyaɣ ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛ arabɩ politiki ŋgʊ kɩɩwɛ ɖooo hooho Egipiti ɛjaɖɛ taa yɔ, wala pɩtɩŋna kɩ-ɛyaa nabɛyɛ yɔɔ ɛzɩ Lawrence se pɩsa nɛ arabɩ ajɛyɛ lʊbɩna ottomanɩ Ampiiri. Lidau pazʊtʊ ndʊ palaba arabɩ ɛyaa yɔ palaba-tʊ ɖɔɖɔ Yuɖa ɛyaa nɛ Kurde ɛyaa se pɩsa nɛ pacamɩ koyondu Turki tʊ.
Pɩlɩna you ŋgʊ kʊyɔɔ lɛ, politiki ŋgʊ kiyele nɛ pɩtalɩ Sykes-Picot tɔm yɔɔ nɛ Khan Mayssaloun tɛ ɖama kpaʊ nɛ pɩɖɩzɩ arabɩ ajɛyɛ kpɛndʊʊ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ nɛ piyele patʊlɩ ajɛyɛ kɩfana Wɩsɩ Ɖɩlɩyɛ Cɔlɔ Kpam taa. Ajɛyɛ ana yɔ Siiri nɛ Irakɩ nɛ Transjordani wena acaɣa pazɩ ajɛyɛ kɩkpɛndʊʊ nesi tɛɛ yɔ nɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩwɛ Palesitini nesi tɛ nɛ palabɩ-ɖɩ Yuda ajɛyɛ mɩzaɣ yɔ pɩtɩŋna wiyaʊ pɩɣa Faycal tɔm yɔɔ, ɛnʊ weyi arabɩ ajɛyɛ ñʊʊ tʊ weyi ɛlʊbɩna Turki ɛyaa yɔ.


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Moozambiki
Moozambiki kɛna Afrika wɩsɩ rɩlɩyɛ taa ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ. Ajɛya wena acɔ Moozambiki nɛ ata yɔ, anaa yɔ: Afrika nɛ Hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ, Suwaaziilandɩ, Madakasɩkarɩ, Sɩmbaabuwe, Sambii, Malawii nɛ Tanzaanii.
Ɖooo lɛ Pɔrɩtiigaalɩ kakpacayaɣna-ɖɩ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩwɛ ajɛya wena anɩɣ nɛ ayɔɔdɩɣ pɔrɩtiigaalɩ kʊnʊŋ yɔ a-ŋgbɛɛ taa nɛ wena anɩɣ nɛ fransɩ kʊnʊŋ yɔ a-taa ɖɔɖɔ pɩtasɩna wena alɛ ñanɩɣ nɛ ayɔɔdɩɣ angilisi ɖɔɖɔ yɔ.
Pɔyɔɔdɩɣ se ɖooo lɔŋ taa lɛ Muwaayɛnaazɩ taa kɛ tada laɖaa ndɩ ndɩ kataɣ peeɖe nɛ pɛpɛdɩɣ po-wondu. Kpɩyʊʊ sayʊ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʊ, Ibn Shahriyar, ñeɖiu aseɖe se Aarabɩ tadɩyɛ-tʊ nɔɔyʊ, Lakis, na pɩnaɣ 945 taa kɛ kpɩyʊʊ nakʊyʊ tɩsa ɛyaa kutokiŋ kutokiŋ kɛ Moozambiki kidiiliŋ yɔɔ nɛ pɛkɛ Waa-Waa mba nɛ palɩna Siini hɔɔlɩʊ. Ɛyaa mba pañɩnaɣ kɔ nɛ Afrika taa yomaa.
Pɩkɔma nɛ pɩtalɩ pɩnaɣ 1498 ɛlɛ Pɔrɩtiigaalɩ-tʊ weyi payaɣ-se Vasco da Gama yɔ ɛtalɩ peeɖe. Nɛ pɩpaazɩ mbʊ hɛɛɛ hɛɛɛ nɛ Pɔrɩtiigaalɩ mba tɔyɩ pɛeɖe. Pakpacaya Moozambiki pɩtalɩ ɛzɩ pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ kagbaanzɩmbilim yɔ.
Kpaɣ pɩnzɩ 1976 nɛ 1992 taa yoŋ ɖeke wɛna nɛ ɛyaa ɛzɩ miliyɔɔ yɔ sɩ. Pʊwayɩ yɔ laŋhɛzɩyɛ paazɩ kɔm pazɩ pazɩ.


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Lugizamburi
Lugizamburi kɛna Erɔpʊ ilemiye snɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ tɔcɔɔ-ɖɩ nɛ pɩta. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɛ ɖɩ-wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa nɛ hayʊ kiŋ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖi se Pɛlɩziki yɔ ɖɩsɩna kamaɣ piyele nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ, Caama ɛjaɖɛ ñɛwɛna, pɩkazɩ hadɛkiŋ lɛ, Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ wɛna kamaɣ yɔɔ.
Pamaza Lugizamburi ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ 2 586,4 km2 nɛ ɖenɖe lɩm wɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe takɩlɩ ɖɔʊ. Pɩnaɣ 2017 taa pakala kɩgalʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ, pan ɛyaa ɛzɩ 590 667 yɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa yee pakalɩɣ ɛyaa km2 taa kɔyɔ, panaɣ-wɛ ɛzɩ 228,4 yɔ. Mɩsɩkʊm fenaɣ 9 pɩnaɣ 1815 kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩmʊ ɖɩ-tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊ. Payaɣ Lugizamburi ɛjaɖɛ Grand-Duc kɩfalʊ se Henri nɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina ñʊʊdʊ kɩfalʊ payaɣ se Xavier Bettel.
Kʊnʊmɩŋ weyi pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlɩɣ-ɩ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, ɩnʊʊ lɛ lugizamburzʊwa, fransɩɩ nɛ caama kʊnʊŋ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Lugiamaburi inɛ yee ɛyʊ ɛsɔɔlaa se ɛyaa nɔɔyʊ kɛ kaŋgalafu yɔɔ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa kɔyɔ, pɩkɛna-ɩ kɩjɛyʊʊ se ɛma +352 ɛ-tɛ kaŋgalafu kpata yɔɔ pʊcɔ ŋɛ ɛɛma pɩtɛ ɛyʊʊ kaŋgalafu nimaɣ mayaɣ. Pakpazʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ kɩɖaʊ kɛdɛɛka nɛ pɛtɛ lɛ, peteɣu wendu nɛ pɛtɛ lɛ pocosuu se Ɖɩsɔɔlaa se ɖɩkɛ mbʊ ɖɩkɛnaa yɔ.
Liidiye nɖɩ pɔtɔkjɩ-ɖɩ peeɖe yɔ payaɣ-ɖɩ se Eroo.


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Fɛɛlandɩ
Fɛɛlandɩ kɛna Erɔpɩ nɛ hayʊ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ ɖɩwɛ Erɔpɩ ajɛya kɩkpɛndɩɣ ŋgbɛyɛ taa ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1995. Palitiki teŋu wɛ Fɛɛlandɩ ɛjaɖɛ nɛwɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa pɩkazɩ hadɛ kiŋ lɛ Fɛɛlandɩ lɩm ɛwadɩyɛ nzʊlɩmɩyɛ. Fɛɛlandɩ kɛna Erɔpɩ nɛ hayʊ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ nɛ ɖɩfɛyɩ Scadinavie hɔɔlɩɣ taa.
Fɛɛlandɩ walanzɩ taa wɛ 338 145 km2 nɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩkɛ kɛŋna kakpanzɩ nɖɛ kɛ walanzɩ taa kɛ Erɔpʊ ajɛya kpeekpe kɩkpɛndɩɣ aŋgba taa. Ajɛya wena acɔ Fɛɛlandɩ nɛ ata yɔ ana yɔ: Rusi, wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa, hayʊ kiŋ lɛ Nɔrɩvɛzɩ nɛ Suyɛdɩ ɛjaɖɛ. Fɛɛlandɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa ɛyaa kpɛnda miliyɔɔnaa 5,3.
Erɔpʊ taa lɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ dɩ-taa kɛ ɛyaa takɩlɩ ɖɔʊ nɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩwɛ keteŋa kpeekpe taa ɛjɛya wena a-taa ɛyaa takɩlɩ ɖɔʊ ɖɔɖɔ. Fɛɛlandɩ ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Hɛlisinki nɛ kʊnʊmɩŋ weyi pɔyɔɔdɩɣ komina tʊma taa nɛ weyi pawɩlɩɣ sukilinaa taa yɔ ɛnʊ lɛ finuwa nɛsuyɛdʊwa.
Fɛɛlandɩ tɛtʊ ñʊʊtʊ kɩfalʊ payaɣ se Snauli Niinistö nɛ kewiyaɣ ñɩnʊ yɔ Juha Sipilä. Erɔpʊ taa payɩ lɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩkɛna kacalaɣ ñɩnɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩlɛɣ halaa waɖɛ haʊ se pɔtɔ cacanaa yɔ nɛ keteŋa kpeekpe taa lɛ peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ pɛlɛɣ halaa haʊ waɖɛ se papɩzɩɣ pasɩɩ pa-takayasɩ nɛ yee palɩzɩ-wɛ lɛ pɛkɛ tɛtʊ ñʊntɩnaa.


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Faure Essozimna Gnassingbé
Faure Essozimna Gnassingbé, Ɖajaa ɛnɛ, palʋla-ɩ mɩsɩkʋm fenaɣ kɩyakʋ loɖo (6) ñɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1966 taa. Palʋla-ɩ Afagnan tɛtʋ taa Togo ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛkɛ Togo politiki ɛyʋ nɔɔyʋ.
Ɛpɩsɩ Togo ɛjaɖɛ Ñʋʋdʋ pɩnaɣ 2005 ñɩŋga taa. Kajalaɣ taa lɛ, ɛ-caa Eyadéma sɩba lɛ, Togo sɔɔjanaa sɩ-ɩ ɛ-caa kpelaɣ yɔɔ se ɛtɛzɩ ɛ-caa alɩwaatʋ ndʋ pɩɩwɛɛ se ɛlɛ ɛtɛzɩ nɛ pʋcɔ paaɖaɣnɩ tɔʋ caca kɩfalʋʋ nɛ palɩzɩ Togo ɛjaɖɛ Ñʋʋdʋ kɩfalʋ yɔ. Ɛcaɣ ɛ-caa lone ńɖɩ ɖɩ-taa, kpaɣna lɛlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ lʋbɛ (7) ñɩŋgʋ wiye nɛ puwolo pɩsɩɩnɩ kɩ-kɩyakʋ nɩɩlɛ nɛ kagbaanzɩ ñɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 2005 taa. Ɛ-caa pɩnzɩ ńzɩ sɩtɛmna nɛ pʋwayɩ pɔtɔ caca ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ nɩɩlɛ nɛ naanza (24) ñɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ kʋɖʋmaɣ ŋ́ga ka-taa se palɩzɩ Togo ɛjaɖɛ ɖiyiyu kɩfalʋ. Pɔtɔ-kʋ lɛ, Faure kʋɖʋm weyi ɛtɛza ɛ-caa pɩnzɩ yɔ, ɛnʋʋ palɩzaa se ɛtasɩ ɖiyiɣ Togo ɛjaɖɛ.
Eɖiyi Togo ɛjaɖɛ nɛ pɩtalɩ pɩnzɩ kagbaanzɩ wayɩ lɛ, paɖaɣnɩ tɔʋ caca kɩfalʋʋ lakɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ naanza (4) ñɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 2010 taa se pɛlɛɣzɩ Togo ɛjaɖɛ ɖiyiyu. Pɔtɔ-kʋ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, kʋɖʋm ɛnʋ ɖɔɖɔ patasɩ lɩzʋʋ se ɛtasɩ ɖɔkʋʋ Togo ɛjaɖɛ nabʋlɛ ɖeɖe.
Paɖaɣna-ɩ lɩzʋʋ nabʋlɛ ɖeɖe nɛ pɩnzɩ kagbaanzɩ tasɩ ɖɛʋ lɛ, patasɩ tɔʋ caca kɩfalʋʋ nabudozo ñɩŋgʋ ɛ-caa sɩm wayɩ se pɛlɛɣzɩ Togo ɛjaɖɛ ɖɔkɩyʋ. Pɔtɔ-kʋkʋ ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ nɩɩlɛ nɛ kagbaanzɩ (25) ñɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 2015 taa. Pɔtɔ caca kɩfalʋʋ ŋ́gʋ lɛ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, Faure Gnassingbé kʋɖʋm ɛnʋ ɖɔɖɔ patasɩ lɩzʋʋ sɛ eɖiyi Togo ɛjaɖɛ nabudozo ɖiyuu ɛ-caa sɩm wayɩ. Toovenum lɛ, Togo ɛjaɖɛ paɣtʋ pɔzaa se pɔtɔʋ caca nɛ palɩzɩ weyi se ɛkɛ ɛjaɖɛ Ñʋʋdʋ yɔ, ɛlakɩ pɩnzɩ kagbaanzɩ lɛ, ɛkʋyʋʋ kpelaɣ yɔɔ nɛ paɖaɣnɩ tɔʋ caca kɩfalʋʋ nɛ palɩzɩ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɔkɩyʋ kɩfalʋ. Ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, pɩtaha waɖɛ Togo ɛjaɖɛ Ñʋʋdʋ nɔɔyʋ se ɛtasɩ sɩʋ ɛ-takayaɣ se palɩzɩ-ɩ nɛ ɛkɛ ɛjaɖɛ Ñʋʋdʋ nabudozo ɖeɖe.
Ɖajaa Faure Essozimna Gnassingbé laba tɔsʋʋ sukuli nɛ ɛmʋ kɩ-takayaɣ kɩtɛzaɣ. Paarii-Dauphine tɛtʋ taa ɛlaba e-sukuli ŋ́gʋ. Ɛmʋ ɖɔɖɔ takayaɣ sɔsaɣ ŋga payaɣ se MBA yɔ George Washington sukuli sɔsɔʋ taa.
Ɖajaa Faure Essozimna Gnassingbé kɛkɛ paɣtʋ lɩzɩyʋ Blita egetiye taa. Ɛlʋkaɣ ɛ-caa Gnassingbé Eyadèma tɛ politiki ŋgbɛyɛ yɔɔ. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se ɛlʋkaɣ Togo politiki ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se RPT yɔ ɖɩ-yɔɔ.
Paɣtʋ lɩzɩyʋ wayɩ lɛ, ɖajaa Faure E. Gnassingbé kɛkɛ samaɣ tʋma labʋ nɛ tɛtɛɛ ñɩm nɛ aseɣɖe tɔm susuu tɛ Minisi. Hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ nɛɛlɛ nɛ nakʋ (29), waaɣ naza pɩnaɣ 2003 taa pakpa-ɩ se ɛkɛ Minisi ɛnʋ. Alɩwaatʋ ndʋʋ lɛ, ɖajaa Koffi Sama kɛkɛna Togo komina nɔɔ yɔɔ tʋ.
Paatɛma ñɔɔzʋʋ se ɖajaa Faure Essozimna Gnassingbé kɛɣna Togo Ñʋʋdʋ ɛ-caa Etienne Gnassingbé Eyadèma sɩm wayɩ. Waaɣ tozo, pɩnaɣ 2002 taa, Ñʋʋdʋ Eyadèma laba nɛ pɛlɛɣzɩ Togo ɛjaɖɛ paɣtʋ natʋyʋ. Paɣtʋ ndʋʋ yɔ se yee Togo pɩɣa ɛfɛyɩna pɩnzɩ nɛ sɩtalɩ hiu waa naanza nɛ kagbaanzɩ (45) yɔ, ɛɛpɩzɩ ɛsɩɩ ɛ-takayaɣ se palɩzɩ-ɩ nɛ ɛkɛ ɛjaɖɛ Ñʋʋdʋ yɔ.
Pɛlɛɣzɩ paɣtʋ ńdʋ. Paɖʋ kɩfatʋ nɛ tʋtʋ tɔŋ se, yee Togo pɩɣa nakɛyɩ ɛtalɩ pɩnzɩ niidozo nɛ kagbaanzɩ (35) yɔ, kapɩzɩɣ kɛkɛ Togo ɛjaɖɛ Ñʋʋdʋ. Ñʋʋdʋ Eyadèma laba nɛ paɖʋ paɣtʋ kɩfatʋ tʋnɛ yɔ, mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ, ɛ-pɩyalʋ Faure Essozimna kaawɛna pɩnzɩ nzɩɩ alɩwaatʋ ńdʋ. Lɛɛlɛyɔ, pɩha ɛ-pɩyalʋ ɛnʋʋ waɖɛ se ɛsɩɩ ɛ-takayaɣ waaɣ naza, pɩnaɣ 2003 taa se palɩzɩ-ɩ nɛ ɛkɛ Togo ɛjaɖɛ Ñʋʋdʋ, yee ɛnʋʋ Eyadèma ɛɛpɩzɩɣ se ɛtasɩ ɖɔkʋʋ kpelaɣ kɔyɔ.
Pɩtalɩ pɩnaɣ 2003 lɛ, Ñʋʋdʋ Eyadèma wɛ ɖoŋ se ɛtasɩ Togo kpelaɣ yɔɔ caɣʋ. Pʋ-yɔɔ ɛtasɩ sɩʋ ɛ-takayaɣ se palɩzɩ-ɩ nɛ ɛɖaɣnɩ ɖiyuu Togo samaɣ. Pɔtɔ caca ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, ɛnʋʋ palɩzaa se ɛɖaɣnɩ Togo samaɣ ɖiyuu pɩnzɩ kagbaanzɩ nzɩ sɩkɔŋ yɔ sɩ-taa. Pɔtɔʋ-kʋ yɔ, ɛyaa mɩnɩʋ yɔɔ lɛ, ɛyaa nɩɩnʋwa nɛ ɛyaa naalɛ (52) lɩzɩna-ɩ se ɛɖaɣnɩ ɖɔkʋʋ Togo samaɣ.
Toovenum lɛ, Ñʋʋdʋ Eyadèma kɛtɛma ñɔɔzʋʋ ɛ-pɩyalʋ Faure Essozimna se ɛcaɣ e-kpelaɣ yɔɔ ɛ-sɩm wayɩ. Pʋ-yɔɔ ɛsʋza-ɩ Togo komina taa se ɛtɩlɩ Togo komina politiki lɛɣtʋ.
Waaɣ naza, pɩnaɣ 1993 taa Anasaayɩnaa ajɛya ŋgbɛyɛ kɛcɛba taabalɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩɩwɛ ɖɩ nɛ Togo pɛ-hɛkʋ taa yɔ. Ɖɩcɛba-ɖɩ mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ, kiɖi kiɖi lakasɩ sɔsɔsɩ nasɩyɩ lakaɣ pɩnaɣ ŋ́ga ka-taa Togo taa pɩlɩɩna ɛyʋ waɖɛ yɔɔ fɛyʋʋ Togo taa yɔɔ.
Lɛlaɣ fenaɣ, waaɣ falaŋga pɩnaɣ 2005 taa Ñʋʋdʋ Eyadèma wona sɔsaa mʋlʋ. Pɩnaɣ ŋ́ga ka-taa Togo sɔɔjanaa sɔsaa ɖʋ nesi nɛ pɛlɛɣzɩ Togo paɣtʋ nɛ pɩha waɖɛ ɛ-pɩyalʋ Faure Essozimna se ɛcaɣ ɛ-caɣ kpelaɣ yɔɔ.
Togo politiki aŋgba wena abama Togo komina nɛ ɛsa yɔ nɛ Afrɩka ajɛya kɩkpɛndʋʋ ŋgbɛyɛ kizi tɔm ńdʋ. Pʋ-yɔɔ Faure Essozimna tɔma se ɛnʋ ɛɛtɛzɩɣ ɛ-caa pɩnzɩ nzɩ pɩzaɣ ɛlɛɛ kpelaɣ yɔɔ yɔ. Ɛlɛ, eyeki nɛ pɔtɔ caca fanasɩ naalɛ wayɩ nɛ palɩzɩ Togo ɛjaɖɛ Ñʋʋdʋ kɩfalʋ.
Ɖajaa Faure Essozimna kizaa se ɛɛtɛzɩɣ ɛ-caa pɩnzɩ kpelaɣ yɔɔ, ɛlɛ, etisaa se ɛsɩɣ ɛ-takayaɣ nɛ pɔtɔ caca kɩfalʋʋ lɛ, paalɩzɩ-ɩ nɛ ɛkɛ Togo ɛjaɖɛ Ñʋʋdʋ. Ɛlɛ, Togo sɔɔjanaa kizina-ɩ nɛ pakpa-ɩ nɛ ɖoŋ nɛ pasɩɩ-ɩ ɛ-caa kpelaɣ yɔɔ se ɛtɛzɩ ɛlɛ pɩnzɩ nɛ pʋcɔ paatɔ caca kɩfalʋʋ.
Toovenum lɛ, Togo paɣtʋ yɔɔdʋʋ se, yee ɛjaɖɛ Ñʋʋdʋ ɛfɛyɩ kɔyɔ, paɣtʋ lɩzɩyaa Ñʋʋdʋ cakɩna e-kpelaɣ yɔɔ nɛ pʋcɔ paatɔ caca nɛ palɩzɩ ɛjaɖɛ Ñʋʋdʋ kɩfalʋ. Alɩwaatʋ ndʋ Ñʋʋdʋ Eyadèma sɩba yɔ, ɖajaa Fambaré Ouattara Natchaba kɛkɛŋna Togo paɣtʋ lɩzɩyaa nɔɔ yɔɔ ɖɛyʋ. Yee ḿbʋ, pɩɩfɛɛ se ɛnʋ cakɩna Ñʋʋdʋ Eyadèma kpelaɣ yɔɔ.
Kɔyɩna alɩwaatʋ ndʋ Ñʋʋdʋ Eyadèma fɛyɩ yɔ, ɖajaa Fambaré Natchamba taawɛɛ Togo taa. Ɛnɩ Ñʋʋdʋ Eyadèma sɩm nɛ ɛkɔɔ se ɛsʋʋ Togo taa lɛ, Togo sɔɔjanaa ɖaŋɩ-ɩ Togo nɛ Ɖahʋma pa-ajɛyɛ naalɛ ana a-kamaɣ yɔɔ, ɛtapɩzɩ ɛsʋʋ Togo taa.
Pʋ-yɔɔ pasɩ Ɖajaa Faure Essozimna se ɛlɛ ɛtɛzɩ ɛ-caa pɩnzɩ kpelaɣ yɔɔ. Pɔkɔma pɔtɔ caca kɩfalʋʋ ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ nɛɛlɛ nɛ naanza ñɩŋgʋ (24) wiye, waaɣ falaŋga pɩnaɣ 2005 taa lɛ Togo sɔɔjanaa ɖʋ nesi siŋŋ nɛ pɩla se ɖajaa Faure Essozimna waba caca ŋ́gʋ kʋ-tɔʋ taa. Ɛyaa mɩnʋʋ yɔɔ lɛ, ɛyaa 60,6 lɩzɩna-ɩ se ɛkɛ Togo ɛjaɖɛ Ñʋʋdʋ.
Alɩwaatʋ ndʋ pɔtɔ caca ŋ́gʋ nɛ pɛtɛ nɛ posusi se ɖajaa Ñʋʋdʋ Eyadèma Pɩyalʋ, ɖajaa Faure Essozimna wabɩna yɔ, pɩtala ɛyaa mba papamɩ Togo komina nɛ ɛsɔ yɔ leleŋ. Pʋ-yɔɔ kiɖikiɖi lakasɩ laba siŋŋ Togo ɛjaɖɛ taa. Kiɖikiɖi lakasɩ ńzɩ sɩ-taa nabɛyɩ tɔŋ se ɛyaa 790 hiɣ sɩm mba papamɩ komina nɛ ɛsa yɔ pa-taa.
Ajɛya ndɩ ndɩ tiyina mba se pɔcɔna nɛ pana ɛzɩma caca ŋ́gʋ kʋɖɔma ɖɔm mbʋʋ Togo taa yɔ, paba ñɔtɔŋ se ɛyaa 154 lesina pe-weziŋ caca ŋ́gʋ kʋ-ɖɔm taa. Akɔma nabɛyɛ ñɔtɔŋ se ɛyaa mba pasɩba yɔ, patalɩ 400 mbʋ yɔ. Lalaa se patalɩ 500 mbʋ yɔ.
Kedeŋa kpeekpe ajɛya kɩkpɛndʋʋ ŋgbɛyɛ « ONU » Ñʋʋdʋ Togo taa, ɖajaa Fidèle Sarassoro Susini tɔm tʋnɛ. Esusi-tʋ nɛ ɛtɛ lɛ, Togo kaɖɩsɩ sʋsaa mba pɔñɔɔza caca tɔʋ nɛ kɩ-tɛm tʋma tɩŋa payɩ yɔɔ yɔ, pekizi tɔm ndʋ esusaa mbʋ yɔ. Toovenum lɛ, ɖajaa Fidèle Sarassoro kɛkɛ Togo ɛjaɖɛ samaɣ lɩm ɖʋyʋ tɛ Minisi taabalʋ nɔɔyʋ siŋŋ. Minisi ɛnʋ, ɛ-hɩɖɛ lɛ, ɖajaa François Boko. Minisi ɛnɛ, ekisi ɛ-tʋmɩyɛ labʋ kɩyakɩŋ cabɩ nɛ pʋcɔ pɔtɔʋ caca se palɩzɩ Togo ɛjaɖɛ Ñʋʋdʋ. Ɛtɔma se pɔñɔɔzɩ kiɖikiɖi lakasɩ nasɩyɛ se pɔkɔŋ labʋ caca tɔʋ mbʋ pɩ-taa. Ŋgʋ, ɛnʋ ɛɛpɩzɩ se ɛlʋbɩna pɩ-tɛ kiɖikiɖi lakasɩ ńzɩ.
Agoza fenaɣ kɩyakʋ naadozo ñɩŋgʋ wiye, waaɣ falaŋga pɩnaɣ 2005 taa mba pɔcɔna caca tɔʋ tʋma yɔɔ yɔ posusaa se ɖajaa Faure Essozimna Gnassingbé wabɩna. Kɩyakʋ ŋ́gʋ, kɩ-tɛʋ kifemuu ɖajaa Faure Essozimna ɖuu samaɣ ɛsindaa se ɛnʋ eɖiyiɣ Togo samaɣ siɣsiɣ nɛ toovenum pa-taa.
Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa laba leleŋ se Faure Essozimna Gnassingbé wabɩna. Pʋ-yɔɔ patɩsusaa se Faure Essozimna wabɩna lɛ, ɖɩ-ɛjaɖɛ tɛ Minisi weyi ɛcɔŋna Fransɩ nɛ ajɛya lɛɛna tɛ taabalɩyɛ yɔɔ yɔ, etiyini Togo Fransɩ sɛtʋ takayaɣ.
Ɛlɛ, Togo Minisiwaa nɔɔ yɔɔ ɖɛyʋ kɩbɩnʋ, ɖajaa Agbeyomé Kodjo ñɔtɔma se pɔtɔʋ caca ŋgʋ yɔ, pɩtɛkɛ Faure Essozimna Gnassingbé wabɩna. Ɛkaɖaa se pɔtɔʋ-kʋ yɔ, ɛyaa mɩnʋʋ yɔɔ lɛ, ɛyaa lʋbɛ ɖeke lɩzɩna Faure Essozimna se ɛkɛ Togo ɛjaɖɛ Ñʋʋdʋ. Ɖajaa Agbeyomé Kodjo kɛkɛ Faure Essozimna Gnassingbé caa, Ñʋʋdʋ Eyadèma taabalʋ pɩnɩɩ nɔɔyʋ. Ɛlɛ, ɛkɔma ɛsʋʋ Togo politiki aŋgba wena apama Togo komina nɛ ɛsa yɔ a-taa waaɣ naza, pɩnaɣ 2002 taa.


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Ñazɩyʊ sɔsɔ Gabriel
Ñazɩyʊ Gabriel kiɖeɖeu kɛna tiiyu weyi pɔyɔɔdɩɣ ɛ-tɔm kɛ Ɛsɔ tɔm takayaɣ kɩɖeɖeɣa taa nɛ Kooraŋ taa yɔ. Takayaɣ kiɖeɖeɣa taa lɛ, Ñazɩyʊ Sɔsɔ Gabriel kiɖeɖeu kɛŋna weyi Ɛsɔ tii Pɛlɛ Maria kelekele tʊ cɔlɔ se ehe-i se ɛkaɣ ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊ yaɖʊ lʊlʊʊ nɛ fezuu lakasɩ taa yɔ. Paa nɛ takayaɣ kiɖeɖɣa taa yaa kooraŋ taa paayaɣ-ɩ se Ñazyɩʊ sɔsɔ kɔyɔ, pasɩma-ɩ se ɛkɛna Tɔm Kɩpandʊ heeyu.
Nɔɔ haʋ kɩbɩnʋʋ taa lɛ, Ñazɩyʊ sɔsɔ Gabriel kiɖeɖeu kɛŋna weyi ɛlɩza nayʊ Daanɩɛlɩ kɛ e-ɖoziye nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa ɛna hɩyaʊ nɛ tʊlʊʊ mbɔɔ yɔ ɖɩ-tɔbʊʊ yɔ. Ñazɩyʊ sɔsɔ Gabriel kiɖeɖeu ɛŋɛ, ɛnʊ yɔɔdɩna nɛ nayʊ nɔɔ se kawɩlaɣ nakayɩ kaɣ wɩlɩɣ kpɩtaŋ 70 taa.
Ñazɩyʊ sɔsɔ Gabriel kiɖeɖeu tɔbʊʊ nɛ hebra taa kɛlɛ se Ɛsɔ Ɖoŋ yaa Ɛsɔ kɛna mɔnɖoŋ nɛ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ ɛwɩlɩɣ ɛ-tɩ kɛ nɔɔyʊ kɛ ɖom taa yaa ɖoziye taa yɔ, ɛtalɩ ɛyʊ saɖaɖaɖa (Dan 8:15; Dan 12:7). Ɛkɛ ɛzɩ weyi ɛwɛ Ɛsɔ nɩmɩyɛ yɔɔ yɔ.
Kooraŋ taa lɛ, Ala yɔɔdɩɣnɛ ɛ-nayaa nɛ tiiyaa nɔsɩ yaa ɖoza taa nɛ Ñazɩyʊ sɔsɔ Gabriel kiɖeɖeu.
Kulina kaɣlaa kɛ Ala tɔm yɔɔ nɛ ɛwili-tʊ e-Tiiyu Mohamet kɛ lone nɖi payaɣ-ɖɩ se Hiiraa yɔ ɖɩ-taa. Kooraŋ taa, Tiiyu Mohamet na Ñazɩyʊ sɔsɔ Gabriel kiɖeɖeu kɛ tɔm nabʊlɛ nɛ ɛkʊyɩ ñaba.


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Galilée
Lɛlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ 15 wiye, pɩnaɣ 1564 n̄ɩŋga taa palʋla Galilée Florensɩ tɛtʋ taa, Itaalii ɛjaɖɛ taa. Kɔlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ 8 n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1642 taa ɛsɩba Arcetri tɛtʋ taa. Arcetri tɛtʋ n̄ɔtɩna Florɛnsɩ n̄ɩndʋ kpam.
Galilée laba mbʋ payaɣ se Astronomie nɛ Cinématique nɛ Dynamique nɛ Héliocentrisme nɛ Mécanique yɔ. Galilée lɩzɩna ɛsan̄ɩnɩŋ astronomiki.
N̄ɩnɩyʋʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ payawaɣ se Copernic. Ɛnʋ lɛɣna n̄ɩnʋʋ nɛ ɛna se tɛtʋ cɔʋ tɩ-tɩ yɔɔ. Ɛyɔɔdɩ mbʋ lɛ, pakʋyɩ ɛ-yɔɔ, pɛkpɛzɩna-ɩ halɩ paɖʋ-ɩ sɩm ɛ-tɔm ndʋ tɩ-yɔɔ. Ɛ-sɩm wayɩ lɛ, Galilée tasɩnɩ n̄ɩnʋʋ nɛ ɛna se toovenim lɛ, tɛtʋ cɔʋ tɩ-tɩ yɔɔ.


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Newton ciiduu paɣtʋ ndɩ ndɩ
Lɔŋsɩnɖʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ payaɣ se Isaac Newton. Ɛma takayaɣ nakɛyɛ nɛ payaɣ-kɛ Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica. Pɩnaɣ 1687 taa ɛma ɛ-takayaɣ ŋ́ga.
Ɛma ɛ-takayaɣ ŋ́ga ka-taa paɣtʋ ndɩ ndɩ ndʋ tɩ-yɔɔ wondu tɩŋa yaa tomnasɩ tɩŋɩɣna nɛ ticiidiɣ yɔ. Sɔsɔ Newton caɣ nɛ ɛmaɣzɩ pɩŋŋ lɛ, ɛkaɖɩ kpayɩ se tomnasɩ tɩŋɩɣna paɣtʋ natʋyʋ yɔɔ nɛ pʋcɔ tɩpɩzɩɣ ticiidiɣ yaa tɩɖɔŋ. Newton tɛ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ ńɖɩ payaɣ sɔnɔ se Newton tɛ mekaniki.
Ɛ-lɩmaɣzɩyɛ ńɖɩ ɖɔɖɔ payaɣ ɖɔɖɔ se ɖoŋ tʋmɩyɛ weyi ɛmʋnaa nɛ pʋwɛɛ se paa weyi ɛña ɛ-paɣtʋ yɔ. Ciiduu paɣtʋ ńdʋ sɔsɔ Newton ñɩnaa nɛ ɛna paɣtʋ ndɩ ndɩ ndʋ tɩ-yɔɔ tomnasɩ yaa wondu tɩŋɩɣna nɛ tɩɖɔŋ yaa ticiidiɣ yɔ tɩ-wayɩ lɛ, ɛtasɩ ñɩnɩʋ nɛ ɛtɩlɩ paɣtʋ ndʋ tɩ-yɔɔ wondu tɩŋɩɣna nɛ tɩtɔlʋʋ yɔ. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se, ɛtɩlɩ mbʋ piyeki nɛ yee pɔlɔ wonuu nakʋyʋ nɛ hayi kiŋ nɛ peyele-kʋ yɔ kɩtɔlʋʋ yɔ.


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Liiberiya
Liiberiya kɛna Afrika wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-hadɛ kɩŋ lɛ, Atɩlantiki lɩŋgamʊʊ nɛwɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ nɛ hayʊ kiŋ lɛ Siyeera –Leyɔnɩ, pɩyele hayʊ kiŋ lɛ Kinee, wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ, Kootidivuwarɩ. Liiberia kɛna kacalaɣ ɛjaɖɛ Afrika kpeekpe taa se ɖɩmʊ ɖɩ-tɩ yɔɔ caɣʊ ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1847.
Kpaɣ ɖooo kɔlaɣ fenaɣ hiu nɛ looɖo pɩnaɣ 2006 kɛ palɩza Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf se ɛkɛ peeɖe ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊtʊ. Ɛnʊ kɛna kacalaɣ halʊ Afrika kpeekpe taa ɖɔɖɔ se ɛkɛ ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊtʊ. Pɩtasɩ ɛlɛ, ɛmʊ Lanŋhɛzɩyɛ samtʊ nimiye pinaɣ 2011. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩwɛ ajɛya wena keteŋa kpeekpe taa kʊñɔntʊtʊ wɛɛ sɩŋŋŋ yɔ a-tɛ hiu taa. Ɖɩwɛ CEDEAO ŋgbɛyɛ taa ɖɔɖɔ.
Ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1821 kɛ Amerika yoma mba peyeba-wɛ pacaɣ peeɖe nɛ pɩla se pɔsɔza mba paatɛma wɛʊ peeɖe pazɩ yɔ pɔ-yɔɔ.
Paatɔ caca lɛ, Amerika-tʊ kpaɣnaɣ kewiyaɣ nɛ Amerika mba mba palaba tɛɛ peeɖe yɔ, pɔtɔyɩtʊ ɛyaa kɩkpɛdaa. Tʊmɩyɛ kaakɩlɩ wɛʊ pɩlɩɩna ketu labʊ yɔ. Pɩnaɣ 1931 kɛ keteŋa kpeekpe ajɛya kɩkpɛndɩɣ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩpayaɣ se SDN yɔ ɖikizi tɔm ndʊ.
Pɔtɔʊ cacanaa yɔ ɛyaa kɩkpɛdaa ɛɛtɔʊ pɩkɔɔ pɩsɩɩna pɩnaɣ 1945 nɛpʊcɔ ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊtʊ William Tubman ha-wɛ waɖɛ se papɩzɩɣ papaazɩ tɔʊ caca.


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Igor Stravinsky
Igor Fiodorovitch Stravinsky kɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ size Ruusii yɔ ɖɩ-tɛtʋ taa tʋ. Palʋla-ɩ Ruusii ɛjaɖɛ taa mɩsɩkʋm fenaɣ taa efemiye hiu nɛ lʋbɛ (17) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye pɩnaɣ 1882 n̄ɩŋga taa. Egeetiye nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa palʋla-ɩ yɔ payaɣ size Oranienbaum. Ɛsɩba ɖomaɣ fenaɣ taa efemiye loɖo (6) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye pɩnaɣ 1971 n̄ɩŋga taa.
Etaazunii ɛjaɖɛ taa, tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ ndʋ payaɣtʋ sɩze New York yɔ, tɩ-taa ɛsɩba. Ɛ-pɩnzɩ nzɩ ɛwɛna nɛ pɩcɔ ɛsɩ yɔ, nzɩ lɛ hiŋ lutozo nɛ nakʋ (89). Minziiki tʋmɩyɛ ɛlakaɣ. Ɖajaa Igor Stravinsky kaakɛ wendu lɩzɩyʋ nɛ soo luɖu sɔsɔ siŋŋ. Ɛkɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ, Ruusii ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʋ taa soo tɩnaa ɖijaɣyɛ taa sɔsɔ.
Ɛlaba takayɩsɩ, nɛ ɛpɩsɩ Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʋ taa tʋ pɩnaɣ 1934 taa. Alɩwaatʋ ɖɔ pasɩ caŋŋ lɛ, ɛtasɩ takayaɣ lɛɛka labʋ nɛ ɛpɩsɩ Amerika tʋ pɩnaɣ 1945 taa.Pɩɩkɛ ɛjaɖɛ you sɔsɔʋ naalɛ n̄ɩŋgʋ kɛtɛza alɩwaatʋ taa. Ɛkɛ minziiki kɩfalʋ tʋ. Sɔsɔ Stravinsky pakpa kpaɖʋ hiŋ naalɛ (20) n̄ɩŋgʋ taa size ɛnʋ kɩlɩna ɖoŋ.
Ɛ-minziiki kakɩlɩna ɖɔɖɔ camɩyɛ, nɛ e-wendu kɩlɩzɩtʋ nɛ e-soo ku-luɖa kaawɛ ɖeu siŋŋ kɛ ɛ-kpaɖʋ taa. Ɖajaa sɔsɔ minziiki kɩfalʋ tʋmɩyɛ laɖʋ Stravinsky ɛnɛ, ɛ-tʋmɩyɛ alɩwaatʋ tala ɛzɩ pɩnzɩ hiŋ loɖo nɛ pɩyɔ kɛzɛyaa mbɩ yɔ. E-minziiki tɛ laɣsɩ ndɩ nɖɩ papɩzʋ patɩlɩna-ɩ. Tʋkaɣ nɛ minziiki tɩna lalaa kɛlɛ size ɛnʋ e-minziiki wɛna ndɩ ndɩ laɣsɩ sakɩyɛ pɩkɩlɩ.


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Fiyoolɔnsɛɛlɩ
Fiyoolɔnsɛɛlɩ kɛna minziiki wonuu kɩmabʋ. Wonuu kʋnɛ yɔ, palaba-kʋ nɛ nima kɛnɛ. Nɛ nima anɛyɔ, an̄ɔtɩna ɖama nɛ asɛyʋʋ na ɖama arɩchɛ (archet) lakɩna nɛ nima anɛyɔ pɩn̄amasʋʋ yɛ) yaa ɛzɩ a-kpɩtʋʋ na ɖama. Awɛ fiyoolɔɣ waa hɔʋʋ taa kɛnɛ. Hɔʋʋ ŋgʋ ɖɩna kɩ-taa ɖɔɖɔ kɛ minziikɩ wonuu kɩmabʋʋ hayuu nɛ hadɛŋgʋ nɛ ŋgʋ ɖɔɖɔl paya se alitoo yɔ.
Fiyoolɔnsɛɛlɩ, wonuu minziiki n̄ɩŋgʋ kʋnɛ, kɩmaɖʋ cakɩ kɩ-caɣʋ nɛ ɛ-makɩ-kʋ. Ɛ-kpɛkɩ-kʋ nɛ ɛ-naŋgbanzɩ pʋtɔbʋ size ɛ-ɖɔkʋ-kʋ nɛ ɛ-tala nɛ pɩcɔ ɛ-paɣzɩɣ-kʋ mabʋ. Maɖʋ ɛnɛ yɔ, pɩcɔ ɛ-paɣzɩ mabʋʋ ɛ-tɛ minziiki wonu fiyoolɔnsɛɛlɩ kʋnɛ lɛ, ɛ-cakɩ kpelaɣ kikpiyaɣ nakayɛ yɔ kɛnɛ.
Ɛlɛ ɛ-ɖɔkʋ kɩmabʋʋ kʋnɛ ɛ-tala taa mbʋ. Ɖɩtaasɔ size palʋʋyɩ nɛ nimasi nanaaza. Sɩwiluu taa ɖɩnɩɣ do nɛ sol, nɛ ré nɛ pɩtasɩna la ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ ɖɩnɩɣ alito taa yɔ. Fiyoolɔnsɛɛlɩ wɛna ɖɔɖɔ wilitu yaa tilitu ndʋ payadʋ size ɔktavɩ yɔ wayɩ n̄ɩŋgʋ tɛɛ, yaa ɛzɩ hiu nɛ naalɛ yɔ (ɔktavɩ ŋgʋ kɩ-kɩla pila kagbaanzɩ hɛkʋʋ n̄ɩŋgʋ yɔ) kɛ fiyoolɔɣ tɛɛ.
Minziiki wonuu kɩmabʋʋ kʋnɛ, kɩ-taa kɛlɛ ɖɔɖɔ se kɩwɛna tɛsitiiɖi kɩkɩlɩɣ. Kɩ-tɛɛ wilitu yaa tilitu kpaɣ pɩtalɩ ɛzɩ 65 Hz pɩsɩbna 1000 Hz (pɩpɩzɩɣ pɩtalɩ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ 2000 Hz mbɩyɔ yee maɖʋ ɛwɛna mabɩtʋ niye mʋyʋ nimiye kɔyɔ. Mbʋ yɔ ɛtɩlɩɣ mabʋʋ camɩyɛ). Pɔyɔɔdʋʋ nabʋyʋ taa kpem size, wonuu kɩmabʋʋ fiyoolɔnsɛɛlɩ kʋnɛ, ŋgʋ kɩlɩna n̄ɔtɩnaʋ wondu teyaa kpam.
Tɛyʋʋ taa siŋŋ lɛ, fiyoolɔnsɛɛlɩ lakɩna ɖonɖoŋ kɛ clé maya fa kɛ wiluu yaa tiluu ɖeɖe. Ɖɩtaasɔ size fiyoolɔnsɛɛlɩ kɛna minziiki wonuu ŋgʋ kɩ-hɔʋʋ sʋsɔʋ siŋŋ kɛlɛ fiyoolɔɔ yɔ. Kʋkʋ lɛya lɩɣ kɔɔnɔɔ taa kɛ Itaalii ɛjaɖɛ taa kɛnɛ. Pɩkɛ kpaɖʋ 16 taa. Alɩwaatʋ ndʋ tɩ-taa lɛ, minziiki wondu ndɩ ndɩ ɛzɩ rebec nɛ lira (Lira da braccio) kalɩwaa ɖɔɖɔ kɛlɛ.


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ÑƲƲ 6
Pɩɣa ŋga paayɔɔdɩ kɔ-tɔm yɔ
PƐPƐLƖ YESU NƐ PƲWAYƖ LƐ, POWONI-I KPAAŊ TAA
Yosɛɛfʋ nɛ Maarɩɩ patɩpɩsɩ Nazarɛɛtɩ, ɛlɛ pacaɣ Bɛtɩlɛhɛm. Palʋlɩ Yesu nɛ pɩla kɩyakɩŋ lutozo lɛ, pɛpɛlɩ-ɩ ɛzɩ paɣtʋ ndʋ Ɛsɔ kaaha Izrayɛɛlɩ samaɣ yɔ, tɩpɔzʋʋ yɔ. (Levitiki 12:2, 3) Kɩyakʋ ŋgʋ ki-wiye ɖɔɖɔ pahaɣaɣ hɩla piya nzɩ sɩkɛ abalɩbiya yɔ. Payaa pa-pɩyalʋ se Yesu ɛzɩ tiyiyu Gabrɩyɛɛlɩ kaapɔzʋʋ-wɛ se pala yɔ.
Palʋlʋʋ Yesu yɔ, pɩcɛzɩ fenaɣ, nɛ lɛɛlɛɛyɔ lɛ, ɛwɛnɩ kɩyakɩŋ 40. Le ɛ-lʋlɩyaa wokini-i lɛɛlɛɛyɔ? Powokini-i Yerusalɛm kpaaŋ ŋgʋ kɩñɔtɩnɩ ɖenɖe pɛwɛɛ yɔ, kɩ-taa. Paɣtʋ pɔzʋʋ paa halʋ weyi lɛ se, ɛlʋlɩ abalɩbɩɣa nɛ pɩla kɩyakɩŋ 40 yɔ, ewolo kpaaŋ taa nɛ ɛlaa kɩlaʋ nɛ pɩsa nɛ ɛwɛɛ kele kele.—Levitiki 12:4-7.
Pʋyɔɔ Maarɩɩ wobi kpaaŋ taa se ɛlaa kɩlaʋ. Ewoni sumasɩ cikpesi naalɛ, pɩwɩlɩɣ se ɛ nɛ ɛ-walʋ Yosɛɛfʋ paakɛ kʋñɔndɩnaa. Paɣtʋ pɔzaɣ se paha ɛyaʋ ŋgʋ kɩtɩcɛzɩ pɩnaɣ yɔ nɛ sumaɣ. Ɛlɛ ye halʋ nɔɔyʋ ɛɛpɩzɩɣ se ɛha ɛyaʋ kɔyɔ, ɛpɩzɩɣ nɛ ɛha hoomataŋ naalɛ yaa ahowa naalɛ. Maarɩɩ kaakɛ kʋñɔndʋ nɛ pɩ-yɔɔ lɛ, sumasɩ cikpesi ɛpɩzaɣ se ɛha.
Yosɛɛfʋ nɛ Maarɩɩ powobi kpaaŋ taa lɛ, abalʋ akpadɩyʋ nɔɔyʋ ñɔtɩnɩ-wɛ. Payaɣ-ɩ se Siimeyɔɔ. Ɛsɔ kaaheyi-i se ɛkaɣ naʋ Krɩstʋ yaa Mesiya weyi paayɔɔdɩ ɛ-tɔm yɔ, pʋcɔ nɛ ɛsɩ. Kɩyakʋ ŋgʋ ki-wiye lɛ, fezuu kiɖeɖeu sɩnɩ Siimeyɔɔ nɛ ewolo kpaaŋ taa. Ɛtalaa lɛ, ɛna Yosɛɛfʋ, Maarɩɩ nɛ pa-pɩyalʋ. Siimeyɔɔ mʋ pɩɣa nɛ ɛɖɔkɩ.
Siimeyɔɔ ɖɔkɩ Yesu e-nesi tɛɛ lɛ, ɛsa Ɛsɔ nɛ ɛyɔɔdɩ se: “Lɛɛlɛɛyɔ, hayɩ Kɩbaɣlʋ, yele nɛ ña-lɩmɖʋyʋ ɖɛɛnɩ laŋhɛzɩyɛ ɛzɩ ŋŋtɔm lɛ. Mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ mɛ-ɛza na ña-ñʋʋ yabɩtʋ, ndʋ ŋñɔɔzɩ ɛyaa kpeekpe yɔ, mintʋsʋʋ se kɩñandɩ ajɛɛ kpeekpe nɛ kɩkɛ Izrayɛɛlɩ samaɣ samtʋ pʋyʋ yɔ.”—Luka 2:29-32.
Yosɛɛfʋ nɛ Maarɩɩ panɩ tɔm tʋnɛ lɛ, pɩɖɩɣzɩ-wɛ siŋŋ. Siimeyɔɔ wazɩ pɔ-yɔɔ nɛ pʋwayɩ lɛ, eheyi Maarɩɩ se: “Pɩɣa kanɛ yɔ kɔ-yɔɔ, ɛyaa sakɩyɛ kaɣ lebu nɛ sakɩyɛ kaɣ pa-ñʋŋ yabʋ” nɛ ɛnʋ weyi ɛkɛ ko-ɖoo yɔ, ɛkaɣ nɩʋ wɩzasɩ ɛ-laŋɩyɛ taa ɛzɩ pɔsɔkʋʋ ɛyʋ laɣɖɛ yɔ.—Luka 2:34.
Nɔɔyʋ ɖɔɖɔ kaawɛ kpaaŋ taa puwiye. Ɛnʋ lɛ nayʋ halɩñɩnʋ Ana weyi ɛɛwɛnɩ pɩnzɩ 84 yɔ. Toovenim taa lɛ, ewoki kpaaŋ taa paa evemiye nɖɩ. Ɛlɛ ñɩɣyʋʋ kʋnɛ kɩ-yɔɔ lɛ, ɛɖɔm nɛ ewolo Yosɛɛfʋ, Maarɩɩ nɛ pɩɣa Yesu pɔ-cɔlɔ. Ana paɣzɩ sam Ɛsɔ nɛ eheyiɣ Yesu tɔm ɛyaa nɛ pewelisiɣ.
Maɣzɩ nɛ ŋna ɛzɩma Yosɛɛfʋ nɛ Maarɩɩ pa-taa labɩ leleŋ mbʋ pana kpaaŋ taa yɔ, pɩ-yɔɔ yɔ! Pɩtʋʋ fɛyɩ se mbʋ panawa yɔ, pɩwɩlɩ-wɛ kpayɩ kpayɩ se pa-pɩyalʋ kɛnɩnɩ Mesiya weyi paayɔɔdɩ ɛ-tɔm yɔ.


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Ski
Ski kɛ aleɣya wena ɛyʋ tuu ɖombe naataŋgbala yɔɔ kutuu yɔ. Naataŋgbala wena etuu a-yɔɔ yɔ, a-tɛɛ nɛ ketu pɔpɔɖɛ lʋʋ lʋʋ nɛ pɩmakɩɣna weyi ɛlakɩ-yɛ nɛ aleɣya yɔ ɛ-nataŋ ɖalakɩŋ. Ɖooo lɔŋ pasɩma aleɣya anɛ yɔ a-labʋ.
Pɩtɛkɛ paa le palakɩ aleɣya anɛ yɔ. Papazɩ aleɣya anɛ yɔ labʋ anasaayɩ waa tɛ kiŋ pʋŋ n̄ɔŋ taa kpaɖʋʋ 19 n̄ɩŋgʋ taa ɖomba ɖɩwɛyɛ ɖɩwɛyɛ. Nɛ pʋpɔzʋʋ se lɩm ɛtɔyɩ lona ana a-taa. Ski amʋʋza anɛ yɔ, papɩzɩɣ ɖɔɖɔ palabɩ-yɛ lona wena wena a-yɔɔ tuu yɔ a-taa nɛ lona ana, awɛ camɩyɛ, yee lɩm yɔɔ pɔtɔŋ se nɔtiki yɔɔ tuu. Pɩpɩzɩɣ pɩkɛ kaaʋ yɔɔ yaa loniye nɖɩ ɖɩwɛ kpilaa se papɩzɩɣ pepilimi ɖɩ-yɔɔ yɔ. Ski amʋʋza anɛ yɔ, papazɩ-yɛ labʋ ɖooo lɔŋ. Pakpaɣ-yɛ ɛzɩ wazaɣ pʋyʋ siŋŋ yɔ ɛyʋ weziu caɣʋ taa. Asɩɣna ɛyʋ size ewolo ɖenɖe ɛsɔɔlaa yɔ, ɛtaaɖɔ kʋɖɔm yaa ɛtaasʋʋ lɔɔɖɩyɛ yaa ɛcaɣ kpokpo. Ɛyʋ weyi etuu mbʋ yɔ, ɛpɩzɩɣ ɛɖɔkɩ pʋyʋ yaa etuu pʋyʋ nɛ ewona ɖoli. Amʋʋza anɛ yɔ atɔya lɛɛlɛɛyɔ yem ajɛɛ sakɩyɛ taa.


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Luther lɩmaɣzɩyɛ tɩŋɩtʊ
Luther lɩmaɣzɩyɛ tɩŋɩtʊ, pɩkɛ Ɛsɔ tɔm kpɛlɛkɩtʊ ndʊ tɩñɔ ɛyʊ weyi paya-ɩ se Luther yɔ cɔlɔ, ɛ-lɩmaɣza taa nɛ ɛ-takayasɩ maʊʊ taa, ɛɛkɛ Ɛsɔ tɔm kpɛlɛkɩyʊ nɛ ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ macɔ kɛ Caama pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se ɛkɛ Caama ɛjaɖɛ tʊ nɛ paya-ɩ Martin Luther, kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 1517. Ɛyʊ ɛnʊ ɛ-tɛ maɣzɩm pʊtɔyɩ nɛ pʊñɔzɩ sakɩyɛ pɩɣyɩyaa tɛ ɛsɔ tɔm kpɛlɛkɩtʊ nɛ pɩɣyɩyaa tɛ cɔɔcɩ naa kpaɣ kpaɣɖʊ 16 alɩwaatʊ taa.
Luther ɛsɔ tɔm kpɛlɛkɩtʊ pɩsɩ pɩɣyɩyaa kpeekpe tɛ lɛɛzɩtʊ pɩyʊ. Paya mbʊ se pɩɣyʊʊ tɛ cɔɔcɩ yɔ pɩkɛ Luther piliŋa nakayɛ kɛlɛ mbʊ yɔ, kɛlɛ pɩkɛ ɖɔɖɔ Krɩstʊ tɩnaa. Kpaɣ kpaɣɖʊ 16 alɩwaatʊ ndʊ lɛ katoliki cejewiye yɔkɩ ɖɩ-paɣtʊ ɖoŋ ndʊ. Laɣsɩ nzɩ John Wyclif (pɩnzɩ 1320 ŋtalɩ 1384) nɛ Jan Hus (pɩnzɩ 1369 ŋtalɩ 1415 kaatɛma pʊ-tɔm yɔɔdʊʊ nɛ pawɩlɩ mbʊ pɩkaɣ kɛʊʊ yɔ. Pɩkɔma pɩnaɣ 1517 lɛ Martin Luther, ɛsɔ tɔm kpɛlɛkɩyʊ nɛ ɖɔɖɔ maacɔ weyi Augustin kaakpa cɔjɔtʊ yɔ kʊyɩ nɛ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ nɖɩ.
Luther ɛha ɛsɛ nɛ katoliki kɔyɔ pɩtɛkɛ pɩyʊ yɔɔ yem kɛna katoliki cejewiye kɩla yɔɔyʊʊ paɣtʊ sakɩyɛ pɩlɩna ɛsɔ tɔm kpɛlɛkʊʊ yɔɔ. Wittenberg hɔɔlʊʊ wɩlɩtʊ nakʊyʊ tɩna pɩɣyɩyaa lɛɛzɩtʊ tɔm ñɔ. Kɛlɛ pʊtʊnaa mba peyeba nɛ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩñɔ, lɩna ɛzɩma ɛyʊ ɛnɩ ɛsɔ tɔm tɔbʊʊ se ñʊʊ yabɩtʊ tɔm pɩcɛlɩna e-tisuu yɔɔ yɔ. Kɛlɛ Luther ñɩkɩɣ niiye tɩ-yɔɔ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ ɛɖanɩɣ kalʊʊ Roma mba takayaɣ ŋga kɛkɛ apostolo Paul ñɩŋa yɔ yɔɔ.
Pɩkɔma mɩsɩkʊm fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 15 pɩnaɣ 1520 lɛ, pekizina-ɩ se paatasɩ-ɩ Krɩstʊ tomnaɣ haʊʊ pɩlɩna ɛ-takayasɩ kɩmamasɩ yɔɔ. Pɔñɔtɩ ɛ-takayasɩ sakɩyɛ miŋ. Awiyaa sɔsaa piyaa sakɩyɛ tisi lɛɛzɩtʊ ndʊ tɩ-yɔɔ kɛ Caama nɛ hayi kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ. Pɩlɩna Cujus regio, ejus religio paɣtʊ yɔɔ lɛ, Ampiiri ageeta naayɛ taa ɛyaa pɩsɩ pɩɣyɩyaa tɛ ɛyaa.


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Suwiisi
Suwiisi kɛna Erɔpi nɛ hɛkʊ nɛ hɛkʊ taa ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ. Nabɛyɛ tɔŋ se ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩwɛna wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa nɛ cantɔŋnaa nɛɛlɛ nɛ looɖo kpɛndɩna nɛ pɩlɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ. Suwiisi tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Bɛɛrɩnɩ nɛ nabɛyɛ yaɣ-ɖɩ se Tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ kɩkpɛndɩɣ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɛ ɖ,i-ɩhadɛ kiŋ lɛ Itaalii ɛjaɖɛ wɛna piyele wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa lɛ Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ; hayi kɩŋ ñɛwɛna peeɖe.
Teŋu nakʊyʊ fɛyɩ Suuwiisi cɔlɔ kpam ɛlɛ pɔɔ ŋga payaɣ se Rɛŋ yɔ kɔ-yɔɔ lɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖihiku teŋu lɩm. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩxalanzɩ taa makɩɣna ɛzɩ 41 285 km2 mbʊ yɔ. Suwiisi ɛjaɖɛ taa ɛyaa ɖɛ miliyɔɔnaa kitoozo nɛ pʊŋ taa kɛ eyaa kɩlɩ wɛʊ nɛ pɔŋ ɛnʊ ɛ-taa kɔyɔ Suurisɩ nɛ Zeenɛɛvɩ. Tɛtʊ natʊlɛ tʊnɛ tɩ-taa kɛ ɛsɩntaa wobu nɛ tɔsʊʊ kɩlɩ wɛʊ nɛ ketŋa kpeekpe taa ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, tɩkɛ tetʊ sɔsɔtʊ kpem ɖɔɖɔ.
Suwiisi taa ajɛya cikpena naayɛ kaawɛ cabɩ cabɩ nɛ atɩŋa anɩɩna ɖama nɛ akpɛndɩ kpɛm nɛ awɛɛ kewiyaɣ kʊɖʊmaɣ tɛɛ. Kɩkpɛndɩɣ ŋgʊ kɩwɛ ɖooo kɩyɛna fenaɣ kacalaɣ pɩnaɣ 1291 nɛ paa kɩyɛna fenaɣ ŋga lɛ, pɩkɛna ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ kasandʊ sɔsɔtʊ. Suwiisi ɛjaɖɛ paafɛyɩna politiki yaa sɔɔjɛtʊ tɔm nɛ pɩnaɣ 2002 taa kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩsʊʊ keteŋga kpeekpe ajɛyaa kɩkpɛndɩɣ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se ONU yɔ ɖɩ-taa.
Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa kɛ Krʊwaa-Ruuzi ñɔɔ. Kʊnʊmɩŋ weyi pɔyɔɔdɩɣ Suwiisi yɔ ɛnʊ yɔ: Caama, Fransɩ, Itaalii nɛ Romansɩ. Kʊnʊmɩŋ niitozo kɛna weyi pɔyɔɔdɩɣ komina taa nɛ pawɩlɩɣ ɖɔɖɔ sukulinaa taa yɔ. Pʊtɔbʊʊ kɛlɛ se Roomansɩ ɖeke fɛyɩna pɩ-taa. Kedeŋa kpeekpe taa lɛ, Suwiisi ɛjaɖɛ kɛna naalɛ ñɩnɖɛ kɛ ɖenɖe ɛyaa kɩlɩɣ kpadɩyʊʊ yɔ. Ɛsɩyɛ ekpena nʊmɔʊ taa lɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa ɛyaa kɩlɩɣna tʊmɩyɛ nɖɩ labʊ. Keɖeŋa kpeekpe taa lɛ Suuriisi nɛ Senɛɛvɩ tɛtʊ wɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ ndʊ tɩkɩlɩ keɖewa yɔ tɩ-taa.


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Aɖaɖa
Aɖaɖa kɛna kpɩnɛ nɖɩ ɖɩwɛna hɩila yɔ pʊtɔbʊʊ se pɩkɛna kpɩnɛ nɖɩ ɖɩlʊlʊʊ kʊlʊlʊ yɔ, ɖɩɩɖʊʊ yala kʊɖʊ. Aɖaɖa wɛna kpakpakɩŋ naalɛ kinziiye wayɩ nɛ kpakpakiŋ ɩnʊ ɩ-kʊkʊyɩmɩŋ taa talʊʊ ɛzɩ mɛta tɛ mɩnɩʊ hɔɔlaɣ 75 yɔ (75 cm). Kpɩnɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-kʊkʊyɩmɩŋ taa talʊʊ ɛzɩ mɛta 1,85 yɔ (1,85 m) nɛ yee pakpaɣna kɩ-naŋgbanzɩ nɛ pɩkpɛndɩna kɩ-kpakpakɩŋ kɔyɔ pɩtalɩɣ mɛtanaa naalɛ. Aɖaɖa pɩzɩɣ kɩkpadayɩ pɩtalɩ ɛzɩ pɩnzɩ 60 yaa 70 mbʊ yɔ. Kpɩnɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩɩpɩzɩɣ seu siŋŋŋ ɛzɩ kɔŋgɔmʊʊ yaa aɖaɖa ŋgʊ kɩwɛna kpakpakʊ kʊɖʊmʊʊ yɔ (dromadaire).
Aɖaɖa pɩzɩɣ kise ɛzɩ kilomɛtanaa nɛɛlɛ yɔ kɛ ñɩɩyʊʊ kʊɖʊmʊ nɛ kɩpɩzɩɣ kɩsɛ ɖoŋ ɖoŋ kɛ kilomɛtanaa hiu kɛ ñɩɩyʊʊ kʊɖɔmʊʊ yɔɔ nɛ kɩɩsɩŋgʊʊ. Aɖaɖanaa mba pɛwɛna kpakpakɩŋ naalɛ yɔ patatalɩ paalɩka kɛ aɖaɖa ŋgʊ kɩwɛna kpakpakʊ kʊɖʊmʊʊ yɔ nɛ kɩtatalɩ-kʊ ɖɔɖɔ ninvila ɛlɛ kɩkɩla-kʊ hʊndʊ pʊndʊlʊm wɛnaʊ.
Aɖaɖana lɩna Azii keteŋga hɛkʊ taa nɛ ɖooo kacalaɣ mba kaakɛ ñɩtʊ taa kpɩna nɛ paawɛ Kobi kañɩmbusaɣ taa. Azii hɛkʊ taa kɛ pakɩlɩɣ aɖaɖa labɩnaʊ tʊmɩyɛ ɛlɛ Azii hadɛ kiŋ taa nɛ Azii cikpeluu taa lɛ aɖaɖana mba pɛwɛna kpakpakɩŋ kʊɖumʊʊ yɔ, mba palakɩna tʊma. Ɛya maɣzʊʊ se aɖaɖana mba pɔyɔɔdʊ pɔ-tɔm cɩnɛ yɔ, pɛwɛ Afrika taa ɛlɛ pɩtɛkɛ mbʊ. Aɖaɖana mba pɛwɛ Afrika taa yɔ, pawɛna kpakpakʊ kʊɖʊmʊʊ.


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Cambridge sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ
Cambridge sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ kɛ sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩwɛ Cambridge tɛtʊ taa Angleterre ɛjaɖɛ taa yɔ. Patʊlɩ-kʊ pɩnaɣ 1209 pɩlɩna kewiyaɣ paɣtʊ yɔɔ pɩtɩŋna wiyaʊ Henri 3 tʊ Ɛnglɩsɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa peeɖe pɩnaɣ 1231, Cambridge sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ kɛ naalɛ ŋgʊ kɩkɩlɩ pɩnɩɣʊ yɔ Ɛnglɩsɩ ajɛyɛ taa nɛ kɩkɛ naananza ŋgʊ ŋgʊ kɩkɩlɩ pɩnɩɣʊ kedeŋga kpeekpe taa yɔ. Sukuli ŋgʊ ɛyaa nabɛyɛ cabɩ tʊlɩna-kʊ, palɩna Oxford sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ taa pɩlɩna pa nɛ-wɛ patanɩna ɖama camɩyɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa. Sukuli kɩtɛzɩŋ ɛnʊ ɛ-naalɛ paakpɛnda wɛtʊ kʊyʊmtʊ tɩyɛ mbʊ lɛ, nabʊyʊ taa pɛkpɛndʊʊ-wɛ nɛ payaɣ se Oxbridge.
Cambridge taa wɛ sukuli naa ndɩ ndɩ nɛ pa-taa wɛɛ kɔlɛzɩ waa 31 nɛ nzʊlɩmɩyɛ yɔɔ kandɩyaa hɔɔlɩŋ 100, pɛkpɛndɩ pɩtɩŋga sukuli naa 6. Pɩkɔma pɩnaɣ 2015 lɛ sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩwɛna sterling takayasɩ miiliyaarɩ waa 1,64 nɛ pa-taa wɛɛ takayasɩ miiliyɔɔ waa 398 papa lɩna ɛyaa haɖɛ cɔlɔ nɛ ajɛyɛ lɛɛna taa nɛ ñɩnɩɣ ɖama nɩnaʊ paɣtʊ naa yɔɔ.
Cambridge sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ kɛ weewe ñɩŋʊ kedeŋga kpeekpe taa. Sukuli ŋgʊ kɩcɛyɩ kɩ-tɩ nɛ kɩkpɛlɛkɩ sukuli piyaa kɩbɩnzɩ sɔsɔsɩ sakɩyɛ kɔzɩ kɔzɩ hɔɔlɩŋ ɛnɛ yɔ ɛ-taa, lɛɣtʊ tɔm, akɔnta labʊ, politiki tɔm, tɔm yɔɔ kandɩyaa, ɛyʊ yɔɔ lɩmaɣza tɔm, takayasɩ mayaa, ajɛyɛ ñʊŋ tɩnaa ɛzɩ , Stephen Hawking, Charles Darwin, James C. Maxwell, Ernest Rutherford, Bertrand Russell nɛ Alan Turing.
Patʊlɩ Cambridge sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ pɩnaɣ 1209 pɩtɩŋna Oxford sukuli piyaa nzɩ sɩsewa yɔ sɩ-yɔɔ, pɩlɩna mbʊ pa nɛ pa-ñʊŋ tɩnaa patanɩna ɖama. Kɛlɛ paa ɖooye lɛ, kɔlɛzɩ kɩbɩnʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩwɛ Cambridge yɔ ŋgʊ lɛ Peterhouse, patʊlɩ-kʊ pɩnaɣ 1284. Cambridge tɔbʊʊ se Cam kondoloko, ŋgʊ kɩkɛ lɩm pɔɔ ŋga katɩŋɩɣna tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa yɔ. Mbʊ pɩtɛyɩ kɩ nɛ Oxford ŋgʊ kɩɩwɛ pɩcɔ sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ wɛɛ yɔ, Cambridge taawɛda alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa pʊcɔ patʊlɩ sukuli ŋgʊ.


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Cɔlɩyɛ yaa laɣsɩ tɩnaa ŋgbɛyɛ
John Wesley sɩɣʊ kpeleɣ Wesley Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ kpaŋ nɔnɔɔ taa, ɛ-maɣmaɣ ɛlabɩna-kɛ pɩnaɣ 1778 se pɩkɛ ɛ-tɛ kajalaɣ kiɖe Londre tɛtʊ taa. Sɩɣʊ kpelesi tɛ laɣsɩ kuduyuu nakʊyʊ kaawɛ ɛ-tɛ tɛtɛɛ kuduyuu tɛɛ. Pɩkɛ ɛsɔ sɛtʊ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩtʊɣʊʊ ɖɩ-tɩ nɛ aŋglɩkan cɔɔcɩ yɔ, cɔlɩyaa lɩmaɣzɩyɛ tɩnaa ŋgbɛyɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩkɛ pɩɣyɩyaa ŋgbɛyɛ ɖikpeɣluu cɔɔcɩ naa ndɩ ndɩ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa kiŋ, kɛlɛ patɩŋɛ payi mbʊ yɔ pa-maɣzɩm lɩna John Wesley cɔlɔ ɖooo kpaɣɖʊ 18 wɛɛ taa. Pɩkɛ cɔɔcɩ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ tɩnaa mbʊ lɛ, cɔɔlɩyɛ ŋgbɛyɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩkpaɣzɩ ɖooo kpaɣɖʊ 18 alɩwaatʊ pɩtɩŋna Ɛŋglɩsɩ nayʊ George Whitefield yɔɔ, kɛlɛ John Wesley kaakɛna ŋgbɛyɛ ɖɩ-tʊma yɔɔ cɔnɩyʊ, ŋgʊ Ɛnglɩsɩ ɛjaɖɛ cɔɔcɩ ŋgʊ paasɩma kʊkʊ yɔ kizi ŋgbɛyɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ laɣsɩ kpeekpe.
Ŋgʊ George Whitefield kaawɛ ŋñɩɩ lɛ e-tisim kɛ ɛsɔ yɔɔ kaapaɣla piŋ, nɛ ɛ-tɛ ɛsɔ sɛtʊ tʊmɩyɛ wɛɛ camɩyɛ nɛ pʊmʊna-ɩ. Ɛɖɛɛ ewolo Etaazuunii tɔm susuu nɛ halɩ ɛtamaɣzɩ ɛ-maɣmaɣ ɛ-ñʊʊ yabɩtʊ tɔm, papazɩ pɩkɛtɩna-ɩ piŋ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ ɛpɩsanaɣ ɛ-nɔmɔʊ ŋgʊ yɔ, pɩlɩna Mooravi Ɛsɔ tɔm susiyaa mba pɛyɛlɩɣ yɔ tɛ tisuu yɔɔ kɛ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ helim sɔsɔm nabʊyʊ kaamakaɣ. Ɛyʊ ɛnʊ nɛ Mooravi ɛyaa mba paɩsɩ ɛgbaɣdɩnaa nɛ piseɣti-ɩ kɛlɛ pɩnaɣ 1738 lɛ, piɖiyi-ɩ nɛ ɛkatɩ Ɛsɔ, kɛlɛ ɛpaɣzɩ yɛlʊʊ nɛ kpaŋnʊ ɛjaɖɛ tɩŋɛ taa nɛ esusuu Ɛsɔ Tɔm, ekpeɣluu ɛyaa sakɩyɛ sakɩyɛ awayi nɛ ɛyɔɔdʊʊ nɛ-wɛ, kɛlɛ aŋglɩkan ñɩŋʊ ŋgʊ kɩɩtɛma wɛʊ ɛjaɖɛ taasɔɔlɩ ɛ-tʊma.
John Wesley kekeŋaɣ ɛyaa cɔlɔ lɔŋ nɛ pɩlɩna pʊyɔɔ nɛ ɛtʊlɩ tʊma sakɩyɛ nɛ sukuli naa sakɩyɛ kʊñɔndɩtʊ ageeta taa nɛ ɛñɔtʊna-wɛ paa ɛzɩmtaa. Ɛkɛ kajalaɣ ɛyaa nɔɔyʊ weyi ɛlʊba nɛ ɛɖaŋ yomtu tɔm yɔ. Cɔɔlɩyaa yaa laɣsɩ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ hɩɖɛ ɖɩ nɛ yɔ ɖɩñɔɔ pɩlɩna mbʊ Wesley kaawɛ Ɛsɔ susiyaa sukuli nakʊyʊ taa, ɖenɖe ɛkpɛlɛka ɛyaa sukuli atɩma laɣsɩ nasɩyɛ nzɩ siyeki se Krɩstʊ cejewiye ehuu nɛ ɛyaa kɩfama tisim kpa ɖoŋ yɔ.


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1A ɑ, Ɩsɔ tǝsɛɛlɛ wʋlɑ teu sǝpɑ. Wʋlɑ kʋpɑŋ ɩnɩ ɩ cɔɔlɑɑ. Ɩsɔ tǝsɛɛlɛ pɛɛ yɑwɑ yem yem kɛ́ hɑpɛɛ nɔɔsɩ.
2Wɑɩyo Siyɔŋ piyɑ mpɑ pɑɑ tewɑ ɩsɩɩ wʋlɑ kʋpɑŋ tɔ, pɑ pǝsɑ ɩsɩɩ cʋɣʋ wontu nti cʋɣʋ ŋmɑlɑɑ lɑpɑ tɔ?
3Ɩ́ nyǝnɩ, tɑɑlɛ hɑsɩ, nɑ cɛlǝɣɩ sɩ piyɑ kɛ hǝlǝm. Amɑ mɑ yǝlɑɑ nɑ́ kɛ́ ɑsɑɣɑɑ kɛ́, pɑ fɛɩnɑ pǝtɔɔtǝlɛ ɩsɩɩ tɑɑtɑɑ kɛ wʋlɑɣɑ tɛtʋ tɑɑ.
4Lʋkɔtʋ pɩɩ ɑhʋlʋmnɑɑ, pɑ nsǝmɑ mɑtǝnɑ pɑ tɑntɑhɑɑŋ. Piyɑ nɑ́ wiiki tɔɣɔnɑɣɑ tɔɔ. Ɩlɛ nɔɣɔlʋ ɩɩ hɑɑkɩ-sɩ.
5Mpɑ pɑ tɔkɑɣɑ teu kɛ lɔŋ tɔ pɑ lɑŋɑɑ. Pɑ fiɣiniɣi nɑ pɑ́ sǝkɩ hɑpɛɛ tɔɔ. Mpɑ pɑɑ wɛ toŋtʋnɑɑ tɛɛsɩ tɑɑ tɔ, pɑ cɑlǝsǝɣɩ tɔɣɔnɑɣɑ kɛ hulɑ tɑɑ.
6Mɑ yǝlɑɑ kpekǝle nyǝ́mɑ pǝntɑ kʋpǝntʋɣʋ. Kʋ kǝlɑ tɔɔʋ kɛ Sɔtɔm nyǝ́mɑ mpɑ pǝ wɑkǝlɑ tɔm kʋlʋm ɩsɩɩ ɩsɛ cǝpǝlʋɣʋ tɔ. Yʋlʋ niŋ fɛɩ pǝ tɑɑ.
7Tɑ ɑwulumpiyɑ kɑ teekɑɣɑ kɔkɔ kɛ́, ɩsɩɩ tɛʋ tɔmpɛɛ. Hɑlɩ pɑ hʋlʋmǝŋ kɑ tɛɛwɑ nɑɑlǝm. Pɑ tɔnǝŋ kɑ wɛ ɩsɛɛʋ kɛ́ ɩsɩɩ kɔŋkɔlǝmǝlɑ pɔɣɔlǝŋ. Nɑ pɑ ɩsɛntɑɑ lɩɩwɑ ɩsɩɩ liɣitee pǝlɛ pooku nyǝntɛ.
8Pɑ mǝlɑ kʋkpɛɛtɑɑ tǝkilikili nɑ pǝ́ kǝlɩ nyɔɔm kɛ pǝnɛntɛ. Nɔɣɔlʋ ɩɩ tɑsǝɣɩ-wɛɣɛ nyǝm kɛ hɑpɛɛ tɔɔ. Pɑ tɛmɑ tɑɑsɩ kɛ́ tǝkɔŋɔkɔŋɔ. Yʋlʋ pǝsǝɣɩ ɩ́ kɑlɑ pɑ mʋwɑ. Pɑ tɔnǝŋ wʋlɑɑ kɛ́ ɩsɩɩ tɑɑsɩ.
9Mpɑ lɑɣɑtɛ kʋwɑ tɔ pɑ kǝlɑ nyʋleleŋ kɛ mpɑ nyɔɣɔsɩ kʋwɑ tɔ. Nyɔɣɔsɩ nuɣutuɣu-ŋ kɛ́ nɑ sɩ cɑɑmɩ-ŋ. Mpi tɔ, tɑwɑ kʋlʋlʋm lɑŋɑɑ.
10Nyɔɣɔsɩ pɩɩ mɑ yǝlɑɑ. Hɑlɩ totonɑɑ tǝsɩ pɑ piyɑ kʋlʋlɑsɩ, nsi pɑ sɔɔlɑ teu tɔ, nɑ pɑ́ tɔɣɔ.
11Tɑcɑɑ n mʋwɑ nyɑ́ pɑ́ɑ́nɑ́ sɔsɔɔnɑ nɑ ń tɑlɑ ɑ tǝnɑɣɑ. N pǝlɑ nyɑ́ pɑ́ɑ́nɑ́ sɔsɔɔnɑ. N mʋsɑ kɔkɔ kɛ Siyɔŋ tɑɑ. A nyɑɣɑ Siyɔŋ ɩcɑtɛ nɑ ɑ́ kpɛnnɑ tǝ kite.
12Antulinyɑ ɑwulɑɑ, nɑ ɑtɛ yǝlɑɑ tɑɑ tʋ pɑ tɑɑ sɩ kolontu ɑkɑ ɩnɛ ɩ kɑ́ sʋʋnɑ Yosɑlɛm nɔnɔɔsɩ.
13Ɩsɔ kʋyɔɣɔtʋtʋ tɛlǝsǝlɑɑ mǝ kʋpǝntǝŋ tɔɔ kɛ́. Ɩsɑɣɑtʋ nti kɔtǝlɑɑ mɛ ɩ́ lɑpɑ tɔ tǝ tɔɔ kɛ́. Mǝ kʋnɑ tɑmpɑnɑ tǝŋlɑɑ kɛ ɩcɑtɛ tɑɑ.
14Ɩ́ tutɑɣɑ ɩcɑtɛ tɑɑ kɛ́ ɩsɩɩ yʋlʋmɑɑ. Mǝ tǝnɑ nɑ cɑlǝm. Nɔɣɔlʋ ɩɩ pǝsǝɣɩ nɑ ɩ́ tokinɑ mǝ wontu mɑɣɑmɑɣɑ.
15Ye ɩ́ kɔŋ, yǝlɑɑ kiisiɣi kɛ sɩ: Ɩ́ hɛlɩ, ɑsilimɑ nyǝ́mɑ. Ɩ́ hɛlɩ, ɩ́ tɑɑ kpǝtǝnɑ. Pɑ seeki mpʋ nɑ pɑ́ cɔɔkɩ yem ɩlɛnɑ piitimnɑɑ yɔɣɔtɩ sɩ: Pǝ fɛɩ sɩ ɩ́ cɑɣɑ tɑ tɛ.
16Tɑcɑɑ nyɑ́ mɑɣɑmɑɣɑ n yɑsǝnɑ-wɛ. Nn cɑɑ ń tɑsɑ-wɛɣɛ nɑʋ. Pɑɑ tʋɣʋnɑ kɔtǝlɑɑ. Pɑɑ nyɑŋnɑ ɑkpɑtǝlɑɑ.
17Tɑ́ ɩsɛ kɑnɑ nyǝnʋɣʋ sɩ yɑɑ nɔɣɔlʋ kɑ́ kɔɔ tɑ́ wɑɑsʋɣʋ kɛ́, kpɛtɛ. Tǝ tɑŋɑɑ ɩsɩɩ tǝ tɑŋɑɑ sɩ piitimnɑɑ nɑpǝlɩ pɑ́ wɑɑsɩ-tʋ. Pɑ tɑ kɔɔ.
18Kolontunɑɑ feŋiɣi-tʋɣʋ, pɑɑ cɑɑ tǝ́ mǝlɩ tɑ́ tɛ. Tɩɩ pǝsǝɣɩ nɑ tǝ́ tɔ tɑ hɑpɛɛ tɔɔ. Tɑ́ wɑɑtʋ tɛmɑ, tɑ́ tǝnɑɣɑ wʋsɑɑ. Tɑ́ kʋyɛɛŋ tɛmɑ. Tɑ́ tǝnɑɣɑ kɔŋ.
19Tɑ́ wɑɑlɩ selɑɑ pǝsɑ lɔŋlɔŋ lɑpʋ kɛ́ ɩsɩɩ hɛkǝlɛnɑɑ. Pɑ tɔɣɔnǝɣɩ-tʋɣʋ pɔ́ɔ́ŋ tɑɑ. Pɑ nyǝkɩ-tʋɣʋ kɑtɔsɩ kɛ wʋlɑɣɑ tɛtʋ tɑɑ.
20Tɑ́ wulɑʋ wei Tɑcɑɑ lǝsɑɑ nɑ ɩ́ pǝlɩ-ɩ nim tɔ. Wei ɩ hɑɑkɑɣɑ-tʋɣʋ weesuɣu tɔ, pɑ kpɑ-ɩ pɑ kɑtɔsɩ tɑɑ. Pǝyele tɑ́ yɔɣɔtɑɣɑ sɩ: Ɩnɩ ɩ kɑ́ kentinɑ tɑ tɔɔ kɛ́ piitimnɑɑ tɑɑ.
21Ɩtɔm nyǝ́mɑ mɛ, ɩ́ nɔkɑɑ mǝ lɑŋɑ ɩ́ hʋlʋmɩ nɑ ɩ́ pɑɑ. Usi nyǝ́mɑ mɛ, Tɑcɑɑ kɑ́ mʋ-mɛ nɑ pɑ́ɑ́nɑ́. Mǝ ɩsɛ kɑ́ pili nɑ ɩ́ lɩɩ kpɛtɛ tǝyǝlǝyǝlɩ.
22Siyɔŋ nyǝ́mɑ mɛ, mǝ ŋkpɑŋʋɣʋ hɔm tǝnɑɣɑ ntɔ. Pɑ kɑɑ tɑsɑ-mɛɣɛ kuuu nɑ pɑ́ tɛɛnɑ. Amɑ Ɩtɔm nyǝ́mɑ mǝ ŋkpɑŋʋɣʋ kɛ pɑɑ hɔ mǝ ɩsɑɣɑtʋ tɔɔ. Ɩsɔ kɑ́ kuli mǝ kɑwɑlɑɣɑ tɔɔ kɛ́.


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Akropɔɔlɩ
Kaaŋ piyaɣ payaɣ size Akropooli. Kɛwɛ Atɛnɩ tɛtʋ taa. Kaaŋ piyaɣ ŋ́ga, kɛwɛ Atɛnɩ tɛtʋ hɛkʋ taa ɖeyiɖeyi. Kakʋyɩ siŋŋ. Tɔmpiye 'Akropooli' tɔbʋʋ kɛlɛ se 'tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ'.
Ɖooo pɩkpaɣʋ nɛ caanaʋ alɩwaatʋ taa yɔ, kaaŋ piyaɣ kanɛ, kɛkɛ nɔɔ lɔʋ wonuu. Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ kuduyuu tɛɛ pɔlɔwaɣ nɔɔ ŋga. Nɛ pɔlɔwaɣ nɔɔ ŋga ɛsɔ sɛtʋ kuduyuu tɛɛ peeɖe kɩlaŋ laʋ alɩwaatʋ kpeekpe. Palawaɣ kɩlaŋ ɛnʋ ɛgɔlɔmɩyɛ halɩ n̄ɩnɖɛ naɖɩyɛ yɔɔ. Ɛgɔlɔmɩyɛ ńɖɩ, ɖɩ-tɛɛ pakɩlaɣ luŋuu Atɛnɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa peeɖe.
Atɛnɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa ɛyaa luŋaɣ agɔlɩma ndɩ ndɩ sakɩyɛ tɛɛ. Ñɩɣlɩm Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ aŋgba kuduyiŋ ɖɔ ɖɔɖɔ sakɩyɛ Atɛnɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa peeɖe.
N̄ɩɣlɩm Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ aŋgba kuduyiŋ sɔsɔŋ ɛnʋ, ɛ-taa nɩɩyɛ hɩla yɔ: Erɛkɩteyɔɔ (Érechthéion) nɛ Atɛnɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa kuduyuu sɔsɔʋ Nɩɩkɛ (Nikè). Partenɔɔ kɩbɩnʋʋ paɣlʋʋ Ɛsɔ kuduyuu sɔsɔʋ. Kɩkɛ n̄ɩm sɔsɔm pɩŋŋ Atɛnɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa.
Cee yɔɔ wondu ndʋ paatɔzɩ tɩyɔɔ yɔ, tɩ-taa natʋyʋ hɩla yɔ: Propylées, nɛ caanaʋ amʋʋza (théâtre antique) nɛ Dionysos nɛ pɩtasɩna odéon d'Hérode Atticus. Atɛnɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa kaaŋ piyaɣ kanɛ, halɩ nɛ sɔnɔ kɔ-yɔɔ ɛyaa kɩlɩɣ wobu ɛsɩyɛ egbena kedeŋa kpeekpe yɔɔ cɩnɛ.


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Maarɩsɩ
Maarɩsɩ kɛna wɩsɩ cɔɔʊ taŋgalam tɩyɩŋga nɛ tɩyɩŋga kanɛ ŋga kɛŋna naanza ŋga nzɩ sɩñɔtɩna wɩsɩ yɔ. Wɩsɩ cɔɔʊʊ taŋgalam tɩyɩnzɩ litoozo kpeekpe taa lɛ Maarɩsɩ kɛŋna naalɛ ŋga yʊŋ hɩlɩmaɣ tɔm taa nɛ paɣlɩka ɖɔɖɔ.
Wɩsɩ cɔɔʊ taŋgalam tɩyɩŋga kanɛ koposina wɩsɩ ɛzɩ 1,381 nɛ 1,666 UA (pʊtɔbʊʊ se pɩtalɩɣ kilomɛtanaa miiliyɔɔnaa 206,6 nɛ 249,2. Maarɩsɩ kpayaɣ hɛkʊ cɔʊ taa talɩ ɛzɩ afema 686,71 yɔ.
Ɛzɩ Mɛɛrkiiri, Feniisɩ nɛ Tɛtʊ yɔ, tɩyɩnga kanɛ kɔ-yɔɔ nɛ tɛtʊ. Wɩsɩ cɔɔʊ taŋgalam tɩyɩŋga ŋga payaɣ se Tɛtʊ yɔ, tɩkɩla Maarɩsɩ kɛ yʊŋ hɩlɩmaɣ ɛzɩ tam hiu yɔ ɛlɛ tɩyɩŋga kanɛ kakɩla fenaɣ hɩlɩmaɣ ɛzɩ tam hiu ɖɔɖɔ.
Ɖooo ɛzɩ pɩkpaɣʊ yɔ ñɩnɩyaa mba pɔsɔɔla wɩsɩ cɔɔu taŋgalam yɔ pɩ-tɛ wɛɖɩʊ nɛ pɩlakasɩ yɔ paha tɩyɩŋga Maarɩsɩ nɛ ɛsɛ pɩkɩlɩ tɩyɩnzɩ lɛɛsɩ nzɩ paa-anɩ ɛzɩma yɔ. Tɩyɩŋga kanɛ kanɛ tɛtʊ cɔɔʊ taŋgalam tɩyɩŋga ŋga ɛyaa wɛ ka-taa yɔ, Tɛtʊ, pɛwɛna ɖama kpaɣʊʊ mbʊ yɔ pɩɖɔɔ pɩtɩɩfɛyɩ.
Pɩnaɣ 2008 taa ñɩnɩyaa loyuu kiluzuu ŋgʊ pañɩnɩʊna lɩm nɛ cukaŋ yɔ, kɩwɩlaa se tɩyɩŋga Maarɩsɩ taa wɛ lɩm ɖomba pɩtɛɛ nɛ pɩtakɩlɩ cukaŋ. Panɛ ɖomba ana kɛ Fasititasɩ Poriyalisi tɛtʊ taa.
Salaŋ fenaɣ 28 pɩnaɣ 2015 Naza ñɩna nɛ kɩna se wɩsɩ cɔɔʊ taŋgalam tɩyɩŋa Maarɩsɩ taa nɛ anaam nabʊyʊ nɛ payaɣ-pʊ se Soomiirɩ nɛ kɩ-taa nɛ ñɩm ndɩ ndɩ ɛzɩ Kloratɩ nɛ Pɛrɩkloratɩ mbʊ pɩwɛ mañeziyɔmɩ taa yɔ pɩtasɩna pɛɗikɩloratɩ ŋgʊ kɩwɛ sodɩyɔmɩ taa yɔ nɛ pizidina lɩm pazɩ.


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Rʊwɛntɩgɛnɩyɔm
Rɔwɛntɩgɛnɩyɔm kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 111 nɛ yʊsaɣ ñɩŋa yɔ Rg. Ɛlɩ ʊnʊnʊnɩyɔm (Uuu) pɩlɩna IUPAC yatʊ yɔɔ, nɛ patasɩ-ɩ yaʊ ɖɔɖɔ se pʊtʊ 111 ñɩnʊ kɛ matʊ hɔɔlʊʊ taa.
Saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ pɩnaɣ 1994 alɩwaatʊ taa palaba-ɩ kajalaɣ labʊ pɩtɩŋna pɛkpɛnda ɛ nɛ 209Bi(64Ni,n)272Rg Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung (GSI) Darmstadt tɛtʊ taa Caama ɛjaɖɛ taa, kɛlɛ IUPAC tisi ɛ-yɔɔ kɔlaɣ fenaɣ taa pɩnaɣ 2003. Paha-ɩ ɛ-hɩɖɛ kpaagbaa nɖɛ kamɩŋ fenaɣ taa pɩnaɣ 2004 pɩlɩna Wilhelm Röntgen hɩɖɛ ɖʊʊ yɔɔ, ɛnʊ weyi ɛlɩza X cɛnzɩ yɔ.
Ɛkɛ pʊtʊ weyi palaba-ɩ kɩlabʊ yɔ nɛ ɛtɔʊ cɛnzɩ siŋ yɔ, a-agbele ɖiɣɖiɣ ñɩnʊ weyi pasɩma-ɩ yɔ lɛ 282Rg, nɛ ɛ-tɛ cɛnzɩ tɔʊ caɣyɛ tatalɩ cɛjɛsɩ 2,1. Ɛwɛ ɔrɩ tɛɛ kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊnaa caɣyɛ kpata taa, kɛlɛ ɛ-tɛ nɛ pilimiye d nɖɛ tɛ nɛ ɛkɛ ñɩɣlɩm pʊtʊ kɩɖɛzʊʊ.
Rɔwɛntɩgɛnɩyɔm (ɖooo lɛ payaɣ-ɩ se ʊnʊnʊnɩyɔm), palaba-ɩ nɛ pasɩmɩ-ɩ lɛ pɩɩkɛ saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 8 pɩnaɣ 1994 wɛɛ taa, pɩtɩŋna Peter Armbruster nɛ Gottfried Münzenberg kɛlɛ Sigurd Hofmann kaa ɖɛna-wɛ nɔɔ kɛ Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung, GSI sukuli taa Darmstadt tɛtʊ taa Caama ɛjaɖɛ taa.


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Timbaalɩ
Timbaalɩ waa kɛna minziiki wondu. Minziiki wonuu Timbaalɩ kʋnɛ, kɩkɛ kɩ-mabʋʋ kɛnɛ. Tɩʋ tiku pasaɣ nɛ pɩbɩsɩ wonuu ŋgʋ, pʋtɔbʋ size tɩʋ tiku palakɩna kʋ. Nɛ pabama kʋyɔ kuwiviɖi tɔnʋʋ. Minziiki wonuu Timbaalɩ kʋnɛ, kɩ-maɖʋ makɩ kɩ-tɔnʋʋ yɔ nɛ ɖaʋ cikpeluu. Timbaalɩ maɖʋ paya size Timbaalɩye.
Timbaalɩ waa wɛtʋ siŋŋ kɛlɛ size, pabɩzʋʋ pɛkpɛdʋ wilitu yaa tilitu nɛ pɩnɩɣ ɖoŋ sʋsɔŋ camɩyɛ. Naŋgbaŋgaɣ kɩsanaʋ yaa n̄ɩmɩyɛ kʋtʋlɩyɛ sɩɣ-nɩʋnaʋ nɛ wiluu yaa tiluu lɩʋ camɩyɛ. Naŋgbaŋgaɣ kɩsanaʋ ŋga ka-sɩʋnana nɛ kekeɖii wɛtʋ kɩwɛʋʋ tɔnʋʋ pɩzɩ pɩkpa yaa pitii.
Pɩlakɩ ɖɔɖɔ size pi-ɖoŋ ɛwɛna waɖɛ tilitu yaa wilitu ndu Timbaalɩ cɛlʋʋ yɔ. Pa Timbaalɩ ŋgʋ lɛ, kɩ-wɛna hɛkʋʋ taa faɣʋʋ cɛŋga ndɩ ŋga. Nɛ ŋga lakɩna nɛ ɛyʋ yaa maɖʋʋ pɩzɩɣ ehiku suye sʋsɔyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-ɖalayɔ. Timbaalɩ tʋ pɩzɩɣ ɛlɛzɩ pʋpʋtaa kɛ pazɩ kɩmamam lɔŋ lɔŋ mbʋ. Peeɖe lɛ ɛcɛyʋ ɛ-tɩ nɛ lɔŋ lɔŋ mbʋ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ ɛmakɩ Timbaalɩ ŋgʋ nɛ lɛkʋ alɩwaatʋ kʋɖʋm trʋ taa.
Kpakpa mbʋ taa ɖɔɖɔ kɛ ɛn̄ɔzʋʋ pazɩ kɩmamam naŋgbaŋga ŋgʋ ŋgʋ kɩ-kɔŋ yɔ. Ɛzɩ paɣtɩ kpaɣʋ yɛ se sɔɔjana soo yɔ (pamakɩ yɛ Tuurkii ɛjaɖɛ taa kɛ you wonuu tɛ taa tɔʋʋ sɛɣtʋ ɖeɖe). Timbaalɩ minziiki wonuu kɩmabʋʋ kʋnɛ, pɩsa mʋsɩ tɩna ɖɩjaɣyɛ taa wonuu pikpaɣʋ nɛ kpaɖʋ 17 yɔ. Palakɩna wonuu kʋnɛ kpem kɛ sɔnzɩ n̄ɔɔzɩtʋ ndɩ ndɩ taa.


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You sɩɣa
You sɩɣa kɛna mbʋ pʋwɛ tɛlɛm tɩyɛ yɔ. Sɩɣa kanɛ, kɛkɛ you sɩɣa sɔsaɣ nakɛyɛ. Kɛkɛ you wonuu ŋgʋ kɩwɛna tɔlɩm kʋʋlʋmʋm yɔ. You sɩɣa yaa wonuu kʋnɛ, nabɛyɛ yaɣ kʋ size hɔzʋʋ yaa malɩfa. You sɩɣa kanɛ, kɛwɛna nɔɔsɩ naalɛ kɛ cemiŋ ce.
You sɩɣa kanɛ, kɛwɛ lɔŋ cemiŋ ce nɛ kɔ-nɔsɩ nzɩ sɩ-naalɛ. Kɛwɛ ndɩ nɛ you sɩɣa lɛɛka yaa nesi you sɩɣa. Payaɣ kaka nɛ Fransɩ kʋnʋŋ taa size "sabre". Kanɛ kaka fɛyɩ lɔŋ cemiŋ ce ɛzɩ lɛɛka yɔ. Kɛwɛna kɛtɛ nesi kɩpanzɩ hɔɔlʋʋ yɔɔ kiŋ kɛ kpeŋgbeluu yaa huyuu.
Huyuu ŋgʋ, ŋgʋʋ pohuuza you sɩɣa ŋga kɔtɔbʋʋ yɔɔ. Payaɣ kɔtɔbʋʋ size toɖe. Peeɖe pɔɖɔkʋʋ nesi nɛ palabɩna you. Tɔm biye yaa hɩɖɛ size "You sɩɣa" wɛna tɔbɩŋ sakɩyɛ ndɩ ndɩ.
You sɩɣa kanɛ, kɔtɔbʋʋ pɩzʋʋ pɩkɛ size kɛkɛ you sɩɣa lɔŋ ŋga yaa kɩbɩbɩwaɣ.
You sɩɣa kanɛ, kɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɖoo kpaɖʋ nɛɛlɛ (20) n̄ɩŋgʋ taa kɛ sɩɣa ŋga kɔhɔʋ kɛ you sɩɣa hɔʋ yɔ.


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Béla Bartók
Palʊla Béla Viktor János Bartók kɛ lakɩŋ fenaɣ 25 wiye pɩnaɣ 1889 kɛ Panat tɛtʊ taa Otirisii-Hɔŋgrii ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ ɛsɩ salaŋ fenaɣ 26 wiye pɩnaɣ 1945 ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 64. Béla Viktor János Bartók sɩba Niwu-Yɔrkɩ tɛtʊ taa, Etaazunii taa. E-fezu caɣʊ taa lɛ, tʊma sɔsɔna wena ɛlaba yɔ akpɛnda naatozo: hendu lʊɖʊ, caanaʊ taa wendu kpɛlɛkɩyʊ nɛ tɩtɩlʊ nɛ piyano maɖʊ.
Sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa pawɩlʊ soo mabʊ nɛ payaɣ-kʊ se Franz Liszt yɔ kɩ-taa ɛlaba e-sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ nɛ ɛna weyi pakɩlaɣ tʊma labʊ yɔ ɛnʊ yɔ Zoltán Kodály. Ɛ-cɩcaanaa kɔyɔ István Thomán nɛ László Erkel Hans von Koessler. Béla Bartók kɛŋna kacalaɣ-tʊ weyɩ ɛñɩna ethnomusicologie yɔ nɛ e-fezu caɣʊ nɛ ɛ-tʊma taa payɩ lɛ etotuu ɛtɛkɛɛ, Hɔŋrii tɛtʊ taa kɛ ɛwɛɛ.
Payaɣ Béla Viktor János Bartók ɖoo se Paula Bartók nɛ ɛkɛ wɩlɩʊ sukuli cikpeluu nakʊyʊ taa nɛ ɛ-caa ñɛkɛ haɖaʊ sukuli cɩkpelu nakʊyʊ yɔɔ cɔnɩyʊ nɛ e-neu kɔyɔ Elza Bartók (1885–1955). Ɛ-ñɩma mba paakɛ ɖɔɖɔ hendu teyaa. E-ɖoo paɣza-ɩ piyano kpɛlɛkʊʊ lɛ Béla kaawɛna pɩnzɩ kagbaanzɩ.


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Sagrada Família
Sagrada Família, kɛ payana katalan kʋnʋŋ taa tobi size Temple Expiatori de la Sagrada Família. Yaa Ɛsɩpaañɔlɩ kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ Templo Expiatorio de la Sagrada Familia. Kɩ-hɩɖɛ kɛlɛʋ kɛlɛ Fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa size Kɩwɛɛkɩm yɔɔ kʋn̄ɔŋ yaa siziŋ nɩʋ tɛ Hɔʋ kiɖeɖeu kuduyuu sɔsɔʋ (temple expiatoire de la Sainte Famille).
Sagrada Família kɛna paasiliki, ŋgʋ laʋ sɔsɔ papʋ Ɖajaa Benoît XVI kpaɣ-kʋ nɛ ɛɖʋzɩ Ɛsɔ nesi tɛɛ evemiye lʋbɛ ŋgʋ wiye kamɩŋ fenaɣ taa kɛ pɩnaɣ 2010 taa. Pɩkɛna wɛɖʋ nakʋyʋ ŋgʋ pakɩla kʋʋ sɩm yɔ, Katalan wɛtʋ kɩfatʋ yaa lɛɛlɛɛ yɔ taa.
Kɩkɛ sɩɣgbelaɣ ŋga, kɛwɛ kɩlɛmʋʋ yaa kumoɖe tɩyɛ yɔ peeɖe tɛtʋ taa. Pɩkɛna ɖajaa mayʋ sɔsɔ Antoni Gaudi tʋmɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-tɛtɛ yɔ. Sagrada Família wɛna kooka ŋga ka-hɩɖɛ kɛ ɖɔɖɔ se yaa paya-kɛ size Eixample yɔ. Mayʋ luɖuu ɛnʋ, ehiu n̄ɔzɩtʋ kɩpandʋ camɩyɛ pɩŋŋ nɛ ɛn̄ɔzɩna kuduyuu ŋgʋ. Maya ŋga ke-yebina nɛ kuduyuu sɔsɔʋ kʋnɛ, kɩ-pɩsɩ keɣa sʋsɔ hama n̄ɩŋga. Mayʋ sɔsɔ ɛnʋ, ɛwɩlaɣ ɖɔɖɔ kalaɣ nɛ abalɩtʋ, matʋ sɔsɔtʋ tʋnɛ, tɩ-matʋ kele kele wɛtʋ.
Wɛɖʋ ŋgʋʋ pʋmʋnaɣ se patɩlɩna tɔʋ wɛɖʋ, ɛzɩ kpaɣsɩ yɔ yaa sɩɣgbelasɩ saɣtʋ ɛzɩ pɩmaʋ ɖoo kiɖe tɛɛ yɔ nɛ, pɩtasɩna kuduyuŋ sɔsɔŋ ɖeke lɩzʋʋ. Pɩlɩɩna n̄ʋʋ yaa kalɩtʋ ndʋ palaba tʋ kɛ pɩnaɣ 2004 tɛ alɩwaatʋ taa mbɩ yɔ lɛ, pehiwa nɛ patɩlɩ size, Sagrada Família kɛna kumoɖe yaa sɩɣgbelaɣ ŋga Ositraalii ɛjaɖɛ taa lɛ, ɛsɩyɛ gbena yaa agɔma kɩlɩ wobi se ka-naʋ siŋŋ yɔ.
Agɔma woki Sagrada Família kumoɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩnaʋ pɩkɩlɩ kumola lɛɛna anɛyɔ : Alhambra de Grenade nɛ pɩtasɩna Prado keɖeyaɣ wonduu kuduyuu ŋgʋ kɩwɛ Maadiriidi tɛtʋ taa. Pɩnaɣ 2012 alɩwaatʋ taa mbɩ yɔ lɛ Sagrada Família kumoɖe ɖɩnɛ, ɖɩ-hɔma agɔma ɛzɩ miiliyɔɔ waa 3,2 mbɩ yɔ. Ɖajaa mayʋ sɔsɔ Antoni Gaudí, yebina nɛ pɔtɔɔ yesu krɩtʋ lʋlʋʋ nɔnɔ tʋlʋʋ tɛ kazandu.
Ɖajaa ɛnʋ ɛmana ɖɔɖɔ Ɛsɔ kuduyuu tɛɛ pɩlaŋ. Ɛ-tʋma sɔsɔna anaa ŋgbɛ nɖɩ paya se UNESCO, ɖɩ-ya pɩnaɣ 2005 taa size, ɛyʋ matʋ yaa wɛʋ tɛ n̄ɩm (patrimoine de l’humanité). Ɛzɩma ɛnʋ sɩzɩ, kuduyuu sɔsɔʋ kʋnɛ kɩkɛ kʋwɛɛkɩm yɔɔ kʋn̄ɔŋ tɔʋʋ yaa siziŋ nɩʋ kuduyuu mbɩ yɔ lɛ, ɖɩnɩɩ mbʋ size kʋn̄ɔŋ tɩna haɖɛ sɩnana nɛ palabɩna kuduyuu ŋgʋ kʋtʋma kpeekpe payɩ.
Ɖɩ-taɣsɔɔ size kumoɖe ɖɩnɛ, ɖɩ-maʋ taakɛ ceɣka tʋmɩyɛ. Pataapɩzɩɣ kɩ-kɩlɔmɩŋ maʋ kɛlɛʋ. Ɛlɛ, ɖoo pɩkpaʋ nɛ pɩnzɩ 1990 waa taa kɛ mbɩyɔ yɔ, agɔma sakɩyɛ kpeɣluu kumoɖe nɖɩ ɖi-lone taa nɛ kumoɖe nɖɩ, ɖɩ-hɩɖɛ sɛʋʋ yaa ɖɩ-hɩɖɛ tɩlʋʋ kedeŋa yɔ yeba nɛ ɖi-kosaɣ n̄ɩm huu siŋŋ.
Barselone egeetiye tɛ cɔjɔ sɔsɔ kewiyaɣ kpeŋgbelaɣ yaa ɖɩjaɣyɛ yaa ɛzɩ kpelaɣ kɛ payaɣ size Eulalie kiɖeɖeu Ɛsɔ kuduyuu sɔsɔʋ (cathédrale Sainte-Eulalie). Kuduyuu sɔsɔʋ ŋgʋ, pama-kʋ hɛkʋ nɛ hɛkʋ wɛɛ alɩwaatʋ taa. Nɛ kɩwɛ kooka ŋga payaɣ kɛ se gothique yɔ kɛ-hɛkʋ taa.


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Paɣtʊ (Loi)
Ɛyʊ waɖɛ tʊmɩyɛ nʊmɔʊ taa lɛ, mbʊ payaɣ se paɣtʊ yɔ, ɛyaa maɣmaɣ cakɩna nɛ paɖʊ-tʊ. Paɖuu-tʊ nɛ pɩtɛ lɛ, tɩwɛɛ paa weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ yɔɔ. Pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se paa weyi ɛwɛ paɣtʊ tɛɛ. Paɣtʊ makɩ paa anɩ. Paa ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊdʊ, paa kewiyaɣ ñʊʊdʊ, paa paɣtʊ lɩzɩyaa maɣmaɣ ñʊʊdʊ, paɣtʊ makɩ-ɩ. Ɖɩkpaɣ habɩyɛ yɔɔ ɖɔm paɣtʊ nɛ ɖɩnaɣ. Pesiɣ haba nʊmayasa taa tilima nɛ paɖʊ a-yɔɔ laatriki miŋ ndɩ ndɩ nɛ paɣtʊ tɔŋ se yes laatriki miŋ kɩsɛmɩŋ ɛlɩna kɔyɔ, pʊwɛɛ se lɔɔɖa sayaa nɛ kpokpo sayaa nɛ cɛɛcɛ sayaa pasɩŋ nɛ naŋgbanzɩ ɖɔna ɖɛɛ. Yes laatriki miŋ weyi ɛwɛ ɛzɩ hatʊ tɔlɩm yɔ ɛlɩna kɔyɔ, pʊbʊ payaɣ nʊmɔʊ lɔɔɖa sayaa nɛ kpokpo sayaa nɛ cɛɛcɛ sayaa se pɛɖɛɛ.
Yee mbʊ, paa ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊdʊ yaa kewiyaɣ ñʊʊdʊ yaa paɣtʊ lɩzɩyaa maɣmaɣ ñʊʊdʊ ɛɖɛɣ nɛ laatriki miŋ kɩsɛmɩŋ lɩɩ kɔyɔ, ɛsɩŋɩɣ. Ɛtasɩŋ kɔyɔ, habɩyɛ yɔɔ polisiwaa mba pasɩwa se pefeŋ nɛ pakpa mba paañaŋ habɩyɛ yɔɔ ɖɔm paɣtʊ yɔ, pakpaɣ-ɩ ɖɔɖɔ.
Toovenum lɛ, paɣtʊ yɔɔ pɩtɩŋnaa nɛ ɛyʊ waɖɛ lɩɩ. Ɛjaɖɛ taa lɛ, ɖoŋ naadozo ñazɩɣna. Kajalaɣ lɛ, mba pɔɖɔka kewiyaɣ yɔ, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊdʊ nɛ kewiyaɣ taa caɣyaa lalaa, paba lɛ minisi waa. Ɖoŋ naalɛ ñɩŋ kɛlɛ ɛjaɖɛ paɣtʊ lɩzɩyaa. Paba payaɣ se tepitee waa (députés). Ɖoŋ naadozo ñɩŋ kɛlɛ tɔm hʊʊ ñʊŋ tɩnaa.
Ɛjaɖɛ ñɩma lɩzɩɣna ɛjaɖɛ paɣtʊ lɩzɩyaa. Paɣtʊ lɩzɩyaa mba pacakɩna nɛ palɩzɩ ɛjaɖɛ paɣtʊ ndɩ ndɩ ndʊ tɩ-yɔɔ pʊwɛɛ se paa ɛjaɖɛ tʊ weyi ɛtɩŋna nɛ laŋhɛzɩyɛ wɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ taa yɔ. Ɛlɛ, ajɛya naayɛ taa lɛ, samaɣ tɩŋa cakɩna nɛ palɩzɩ ɛjaɖɛ paɣtʊ ndɩ ndɩ.


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Karayiibɩ Teŋgu
Karayiibɩ Teŋgu kɛ patasa yaʋ yaa paya ɖɔɖɔ size Antiiyiwaa Teŋgu. Karayiibɩ Teŋgu kʋnɛ yɔ, kɩ-kɛna lɩm fɛɛʋ Atɩlantiki Lɩŋamʋʋ. Kɩ-wɛna yaa panaɣ kʋnɛ Ameriki hɛkʋ nɛ hɛkʋ hɔɔlʋʋ taa kiŋ.
Nɛ paɣpɩzɩɣ pana kʋ ɖɔɖɔ nɛ Mɛkɩsiiki kɔlfɩ nɛ kɩ-hadɛ hɔɔlʋʋ taa kiŋ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ kiŋ. Teŋgu kʋnɛ yɔ, kɩ-walanzɩ taa maɣkʋna yaa talɩɣ ɛzɩ 2415 kɛ mɛtɛ waa kudoku mbɩ yɔ. Ɛ-walanzɩ kpaɣna wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ taa mbɩ yɔ, pɩkɔ pɩsɩna wɩsɩ ɖʋɖɩyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ ɖɔɖɔ taa mbɩ yɔ.
Pamaza ɛ-walanzɩ taa lɛ, ɛ-talɩɣ ɛzɩ 2640002 kɛ mɛtɛ waa kudoku kaare mbɩ yɔ, kɛ ɛ-hɛkʋʋ nɛ hɛkʋʋ walanzɩ taa pɩkpaɣʋ nɛ hayuu kiŋ hɔɔlʋʋ taa nɛ pɩkɔ pɩtalɩ hadɛ kiŋ hɔɔlʋʋ taa yɔ. Karayiibɩ Teŋgu kʋnɛ yɔ, kɩ-hɩɖɛ lɩna yaa nɛ ɛzɩ yɔ ɖɩ-hɩɖɛ tikiɖe wɛ Karayiibɩ taa.
Karayiibɩ kʋnɛ yɔ, kɩ-kɛna samaɣ ŋga kaawɛ peɖe yɔ yaa ŋga kɛ-tɛ kaawɛ peɖe hɔɔlʋʋ taa kɔcɔlɔ. Samaɣ kanɛɛ yɔ, kaawɛ peɖe nɛ pɩcɔ Ɛsɩpaañɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa mba talɩɣ, kpaɖʋ 15 kʋnɛ kɩ-taa. Lɩm kan̄aɖaɣ kpɛlɛkʋʋ cɔɔlʋʋ ajɛɛ ndɩ ndɩ hɛkʋʋ taa nesi tʋmlaɖa kpeekpe ŋgbɛ, ɖʋna Karayiibɩ Teŋgu kʋnɛ yɔ kɩ-kamasɩ ɛzʋ nɔ yɔ:
Cɛŋga miŋ n̄ɩŋga nakɛyɛ kpɩtɩna nɛ cap Catoche kɛ lɩm kiteŋ Yucatan,nɛ hayuu kiŋ hɔɔlʋʋ taa pɩsɩna wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ taa kiŋ.
Wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ taa kiŋ lɛ, pɩkpaɣna cabeza Chiquita nɛ hayuu kiŋ hɔɔlʋʋ taa, nɛ pɩtɩŋ cɔlɩɩ kɛ kapɩ ŋgʋ tɛ meridiyɛ(méridien).
Hadɛ hɔɔlʋʋ taa kiŋ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖʋɖɩyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ taa lɛ, punta Baja pɩkpaɣna pɩɖɛ pʋwolo, Fenezuyeelaa pɩkɔ pɩtalɩ Ameriki hadɛ ŋgʋ kiŋ.