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1Yutɑ wulɑʋ Ahɑsiyɑ pǝyɑlʋ Sowɑsɩ kɑwulɑɣɑ pǝnɑɣɑ hiu nɑ tooso nyǝŋkɑ tɑɑ kɛ́, Yehu pǝyɑlʋ Sowɑkɑsɩ tɔɣɔ Ɩsɛɣɛlɩ kɑwulɑɣɑ kɛ Sɑmɑlii, kɛ pɩɩsɩ nɑɑnʋwɑ nɑ nɑɑtosompɔɣɔlɑɣɑ.
2Ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ ɩ lɑpɑ mpi pǝ tɑ mɑɣɑ Tɑcɑɑ tɔ. Ɩ kɛɛnɑ Solopʋwɑm wei ɩ tusɑ Ɩsɛɣɛlɩ nyǝ́mɑ kɛ lɑɑtʋ tɑɑ tɔ ɩ ɩsɑɣɑtʋ.
3Ɩlɛnɑ Tɑcɑɑ mʋ-wɛ nɑ pɑ́ɑ́nɑ́, nɑ ɩ́ tʋ-wɛɣɛ Silii wulɑʋ Hɑsɑyɛlɩ niŋ tɑɑ. Pǝ wɑɑlɩ, nɑ ɩ́ tɑsɑ-wɛɣɛ tʋɣʋ kɛ Hɑsɑyɛlɩ pǝyɑlʋ Pɛnɩ-Hɑtɑtɩ niŋ tɑɑ tɔtɔ, nɑ pǝ́ tɑɑŋɩ sɔsɔm.
4Amɑ Sowɑkɑsɩ sǝlǝmɑ Tɑcɑɑ sɩ ɩ́ kʋ ɩ pɑ́ɑ́nɑ́. Ɩlɛnɑ Ɩsɔ nyǝnɩ ɩsǝnɑ Silii wulɑʋ cɔɔsɑ-wɛ tɔ,
5nɑ ɩ́ kʋsɩ wɑɑsʋlʋ nɔɣɔlʋ nɑ ɩ́ hɛtɩ-wɛɣɛ pɑ niŋ tɑɑ. Pǝ kpɑɣɑʋ wɑɑtʋ ɩnɩ tɔɣɔ pɑ cɑɣɑnɑ hɛɛsʋɣʋ ɩsɩɩ too pɑɑ wɛʋ tɔ.
6Pɑɑ nɑ mpʋ, pɑ kɛɛnɑ Solopʋwɑm nɑ ɩ tǝyɑɣɑ nyǝ́mɑ pɑ tɩɩŋ lɑɑʋ, nɑ pɑ́ yele tʋɣʋ ɑlʋnyǝŋkʋ tesikɑ kʋlɑlɑɑɣɑ kɛ Sɑmɑlii ɩcɑtɛ tɑɑ.
7Silii wulɑʋ kɑ nɑŋɑ Sowɑkɑsɩ yoolɑɑ tǝnɑɣɑ, nɑ pǝ́ kɑɑsɩ-ɩ pǝcɔ tike. Kpɑɣɑnǝŋ cɑɣɑlɑɑ nɩɩlɛ nɑ nɑɑnʋwɑ, nɑ kɛɛkɛnɑɑ kɛ nɑɑnʋwɑ, nɑ yoolɑɑ kɛ iyisi nɑɑnʋwɑ (10000).
8Pɑ kɛɛsɑ Sowɑkɑsɩ tɔm lɛntǝnɑɑ, nɑ ɩ kʋlɑpǝm nɑ ɩ ɑpɑlʋtʋ tɔm kɛ Yutɑ ɑwulɑɑ tɑkǝlɑɣɑ tɑɑ.
9Wɑɑtʋ wei ɩ sǝpɑ, ɩlɛnɑ pɑ́ pimi-ɩ Sɑmɑlii nɑ ɩ pǝyɑlʋ Sowɑsɩ lɛɛtɩ ɩ lonte.
10Yutɑ wulɑʋ Sowɑsɩ kɑwulɑɣɑ pǝnɑɣɑ hiu nɑ nɑɑnʋwɑ nɑ nɑɑtosompɔɣɔlɑɣɑ nyǝŋkɑ tɑɑ kɛ́, Sowɑkɑsɩ pǝyɑlʋ Sowɑsɩ pǝsɑ Ɩsɛɣɛlɩ wulɑʋ kɛ Sɑmɑlii tɑɑ. Nɑ ɩ́ tɔɣɔ pɩɩsɩ nɑɑnʋwɑ nɑ nɑɑtoso.
11Ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ ɩ lɑpɑ mpi pǝ tɑ mɑɣɑ Tɑcɑɑ tɔ. Ɩ kɛɛnɑ Solopʋwɑm wei ɩ tusɑ Ɩsɛɣɛlɩ nyǝ́mɑ kɛ tɩɩŋ lɑɑʋ tɑɑ tɔ.
12Pɑ kɛɛsɑ Sowɑsɩ tɔm lɛntǝnɑɑ kɛ Ɩsɛɣɛlɩ ɑwulɑɑ tɑkǝlɑɣɑ tɑɑ. Pǝ kpɑɣɑ ɩ kʋlɑpǝm nɑ ɩsǝnɑ ɩ yoonɑ Yutɑ wulɑʋ Ahɑsiyɑ nɑ ɑpɑlʋtʋ tɔ.
13Wɑɑtʋ wei ɩ sǝpɑ, ɩlɛnɑ pɑ́ pimi-ɩ Sɑmɑlii kɛ Ɩsɛɣɛlɩ ɑwulɑɑ pǝlɑɑʋ tɑɑ. Ɩlɛnɑ ɩ pǝyɑlʋ Solopʋwɑm lɛɛtɩ ɩ lonte.
14Ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ kʋtɔŋ nɑkʋlɩ kʋ kpɑ Ilisee. Ɩ cɑɑkɑɣɑ sǝm, ɩlɛnɑ Ɩsɛɣɛlɩ wulɑʋ Sowɑsɩ polo ɩ wiiluɣu, nɑ ɩ́ luŋ ɩ tɔɔ nɑ ɩ́ wiiki, nɑ ɩ́ mɑ́ kɑpukɑ sɩ: Hɑɩ, mɑ cɑɑ, Ɩsɛɣɛlɩ kɛɛkɛ nɑ ɩ sɑɑlʋ.
15Ntɛnɑ Ilisee sɩ: Cɑɑ tɔɔʋ nɑ nyǝmɑ́. Ɩlɛnɑ wulɑʋ cɑɑ nɑ ɩ́ kɔnɑ.
16Ntɛnɑ Ilisee sɩ: Tʋlɩ ilim tǝlɩɩlɛ tɔɔ pǝtote. Ɩlɛnɑ wulɑʋ tʋlɩ. Ilisee sɩ: Kpɑɑsɩ nyɑ́ tɔɔʋ. Wulɑʋ kpɑɑsɑ ɩ tɔɔʋ ɩlɛnɑ Ilisee tǝnɩ ɩ niŋ kɛ wulɑʋ nyǝŋ tɔɔ, nɑ ɩ́ tɔmɩ-ɩ sɩ: Tɔ́. Wulɑʋ tɔwɑ, ɩlɛnɑ Ilisee mɑ kɑpukɑ sɩ: Nyǝmlɛ tǝnɛ tǝ hʋlǝɣǝnɑ ɩsǝnɑ ń kɑ́ kǝlɩ Silii yoolɑɑ nɑ ń kʋ-wɛɣɛ Afɛkɩ tɔ.
18Ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ Ilisee tɑsɑ wulɑʋ kɛ heeluɣu sɩ: Kpɑɣɑ nyǝmɑ́ lɛnnɑ. Wulɑʋ kpɑɣɑ nyǝmɑ, ɩlɛnɑ Ilisee sɩ: Tɔ́ ɑtɛ. Ɩlɛnɑ wulɑʋ tɔ́ ɑtɛɣɛ tɔm tooso, nɑ ɩ́ yele mpʋ.
19Ntɛnɑ pɑ́ɑ́nɑ́ kpɑ Ilisee nɑ ɩ́ tɔ sɩ: Aɑ, kɑsɑ, ye n kɑ́ tɔwɑ tɔm kɑkpɑsɩ, yɑɑ nɑɑtoso n kɑ́ kǝlɑ Silii nyǝ́mɑ ntɛ́ tǝnɑŋnɑŋ. Tɔʋ, tɔm tooso tike ńtɛ́ ń kɑ́ kǝlɩ-wɛ.
20Ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ Ilisee sǝpɑ nɑ pɑ́ pimi-ɩ. Pǝnɑɣɑ sikɑɑ, ɩlɛnɑ Mowɑpʋ yoolɑɑ ŋmɩɩlɑɑ sʋʋkɩ Ɩsɛɣɛlɩ tɛtʋ tɑɑ.
21Kʋyɑkʋ nɑkʋlɩ nɑpǝlɩ pɑ sǝɣǝlɑ pɑ sǝtʋ nɑ pɑ́ pukinɑ pim. Ɩlɛ pɑ sulinɑ ŋmɩɩlɑɑ mpɛ pɑ kpekǝle nɑtǝlǝɣǝlɛ. Ɩlɛnɑ pɑ́ lɔɣɔ pɑ sǝtʋ kɛ Ilisee pǝlɑɑʋ tɑɑ nɑ pɑ́ se. Sǝtʋ hotɑ Ilisee mʋwɑ tɔɔ, ɩlɛnɑ sǝtʋ fe nɑ ɩ́ kʋlɩ nɑ ɩ́ sǝŋ.
22Silii wulɑʋ Hɑsɑyɛlɩ kɑ ŋmɑkǝlɑ Ɩsɛɣɛlɩ nyǝ́mɑ kɛ Sowɑkɑsɩ kɑwulɑɣɑ wɑɑtʋ tǝnɑɣɑ.
23Amɑ Tɑcɑɑ nyǝnɑ pɑ pǝtɔɔtǝlɛ kɛ nɔɣɔ ŋkɑ ɩ nɑ Apǝlɑhɑm, nɑ Ɩsɑɑkɑ, nɑ Yɑkɔpʋ pɑɑ pɛɛlɑɑ tɔ kɑ tɔɔ, nɑ ɩ́ yele-wɛɣɛ kpiisuɣu. Wɑɑtʋ ɩnɩ tɔ, ɩ tɑ yelitɑ sɩ kolontunɑɑ ɩ́ kpɑ-wɛ nɑ pɑ́ ponɑ pooluŋ tiili.
24Silii wulɑʋ Hɑsɑyɛlɩ sǝpɑ, ɩlɛnɑ ɩ pǝyɑlʋ Pɛnɩ-Hɑtɑtɩ lɛɛtɩ ɩ lonte tɑɑ.
25Ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ Ɩsɛɣɛlɩ wulɑʋ Sowɑsɩ lɛɛkɑ Ɩsɛɣɛlɩ ɑcɑlɛɛ nnɑ Hɑsɑyɛlɩ kɑ tɔɣɔ Sowɑkɑsɩ tɔ. Tɔm toosoɣo Sowɑsɩ yoonɑ Pɛnɩ-Hɑtɑtɩ, nɑ ɩ́ lɛɛkɩ ɩ ɑcɑlɛɛɛ tǝnɑ.


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Nicolas Copernique
Palʊla Nicolas Copernic kɛ lɛlaɣ fenaɣ 19 pɩnaɣ 1473 kɛ Toruń, Prusse royale (Royaume de Pɔlɔɔñɩ) tɛtʊ taa nɛ ɛsɩ agoza fenaɣ 24 pɩnaɣ 1543 kɛ Frombork, Prusse royale (Royaume de Pɔlɔɔñɩ) ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛkɛ Pɔlɔɔñɩ tʊ nɛ ɛkɛ ɖakʊta, chanoine nɛ astronome. Ɛnʊ ɛñɩnɩna nɛ ɛna se wɩsɩ wɛ sɩ-ɖeɖe nɛ sɩɩcɩɣdɩɣ ɛlɛ tɛtʊ cɔʊna-sɩ nɛ tɩtaŋ. Ndʊ ndʊ ɛñɩnaa nɛ ɛna yɔ, pɛɖɛyʊ-pʊkɛlɛʊ se révolution copernicienne.
Palʊla Nicolas Copernic kɛ lɛlaɣ fenaɣ 19 pɩnaɣ 1473 kɛ Hanséatique tɛtʊ taa kɛ Toruń egetiye taa. Ɛ-ñɩma wɛ ñɩm kamaɣ fɛyɩ. Payaɣ ɛ-caa se Nicolas nɛ ɛkɛ Cracovie tʊ. Powoba pɛwɛɛ Thorn tɛtʊ taa pɩtakɩlɩ leɖuu nɛ Pɔlɔɔñɩ mba paɣzɩ-wɛɛ kpacayʊ. E-ɖoo kɛ Silésia tʊ nɛ payaɣ-ɩ se Barbara Watzelrode (yaa Watzenrode). Copernic caa sɩba pɩnaɣ 1483 mbʊ yɔ nɛ e-egbele weyi payaɣ-ɩ se Lukas Watzelrode (yaa Lucas Watzenrode) yɔ; ɛlɛ kɛ Varmie tɛtʊ taa eevɛkɩ.
Pɩwayɩ kɛ ɛma takayasɩ sɩnɛ:
- Nicolaus Copernicus-Gesamtausgabe : 1974
- Kacalaɣ taa lɛ, De Revolutionibus : Faksimile des Manuskriptes ; hrsg. von Heribert M. Nobis. Hildesheim : A. Gerstenberg, 1974. (ISBN 978-3-8067-0331-3).
- Nabʊlɛ taa lɛ, De Revolutionibus libri sex [kritischer Text] ; hrsg. von Heribert Maria Nobis und Bernhard Sticker. Hildesheim : Gerstenberg, 1984. (ISBN 978-3-527-28326-2).
- Naputozo taa lɛ ɛma, Kommentar zu De revolutionibus ; hrsg. von Heribert Maria Nobis und Felix Schmeidel. Berlin : Akademie Verlag, 1998. (ISBN 978-3-05-003123-1).
- Pɩwayɩ kɛ ɛtasa maʊ, Opera minora ; hrsg. von Stefan Kirschner und Andreas Kühne. Berlin : Akademie Verlag, 1994. (ISBN 978-3-05-003498-0).
Copernic tʊma taa wɛ ɛyʊ lɛlʊ sɔɔlɩm[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
E-egbele ɛnʊ ewona-ɩ sukuli nɛ pɩnaɣ 1491 lɛ, ɛsʊʊ Cracovie sukuli kɩ-tɛzɩɣ taa nɛ ɛpaɣzɩ kpɛlɛkɩɣ mathématiques nɛ astronomie (quadrivium), droit nɛ trivium. Copernic pɩsa Pɔlɔɔñɩ lɛ, ɛwɛɛ e-egbele weyi ɛkɛ evɛkɩ yɔ ɛ-tɛ kɛ Lidzbark Warmiński. Ɛtɛŋgaɣ e-egbele ɛnʊ kɛ ɛtʊma sakɩyɛ taa nɛ ɛsɩɣ-ɩ ɖɔɖɔ ɛyaa sɔsɔwa cɔlɔ; ɛlɛ wokaɣ Pɔlɔɔñɩ wiyau cɔlɔ ɖɔŋɖɔŋ. Mbʊ yebina ne ɛpaɣzɩ wiyau ɛnʊ e-tomnaɣ taa alafiya yɔɔ cɔnaʊ. E-gbele Lukas Watzelrode sɩm wayɩu ɖɔdɖɔ mbʊ yɔ, ɛɛwɛɛ nɛ ɛcɔŋ na fadaanaa lalaa(ɛzɩ Maurice Ferber nɛ Johannes Dantiscus) tomnasɩ taa alafɩya yɔɔ cɔnaʊ.

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Han Kewiyaɣ Kɩɖɛzaɣ
Sɔsɔ weyi payaɣ se Han yɔ, e-kewiyaɣ alɩwaatʋ. Ɛmʋ kewiyaɣ Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ pɩla pɩnzɩ 206 nɛ pʋcɔ palʋlɩ Yeesu-Krɩstʋ. Ɛtɔɔ kewiyaɣ nɛ pʋkɔɔ pɩsɩɩna pɩnaɣ 220 Yeesu-Krɩstʋ tɛ lʋlʋʋ wayɩ. Sɔsɔ Qin kewiyaɣ wayɩ Ɖajaa Han tɔɔ kewiitu. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se sɔsɔ Qin lɛɣna tɔɔʋ kewiyaɣ Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɖajaa Qin tɔɔ kewiyaɣ kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 221 nɛ puwolo pɩsɩɩna pɩnaɣ 206 taa nɛ pʋcɔ palʋlɩ ɖa-ñʋʋ yaɖʋ Yeesu-Krɩstʋ. Ɖajaa Han tɔɔ kewiyaɣ wayɩ lɛ, Siini ɛjaɖɛ tɛyɩ kewiisi naadozo taa.
Ɖajaa Liu Bang yebina nɛ Han kewiyaɣ ñɔ. Ɖajaa Liu Bang kɛkɛ you laɖaa ñʋʋdʋ. Ɛ-ñɩma kɛkɛ haɖaa. Ɖajaa Liu Bang kʋyɩ ɖajaa Qin kewiyaɣ yɔɔ nɛ ɛkʋsɩ-ɩ kewiyaɣ kpelaɣ yɔɔ. Han kewiyaɣ alɩwaatʋ taa ɛsɩ awiya nɛɛlɛ nɛ lutozo. Ɖajaa Han kewiitu kɩlɩna leɖuu kewiisi lɛɛsɩ. Ɖajaa Han tɛyɩ e-kewiyaɣ hɔɔlɩŋ naalɛ. Han wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʋyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ wɛɛ nɛ Han wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ ñɛwɛɛ. Han wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʋyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ payaɣ ɖɔɖɔ se wayɩ kiŋ Han. Hɔɔlʋʋ ŋgʋ, kɩ-tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ payaɣ se Chang’an. Payaɣ Han wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ ñɩŋgʋ se ɛsɩndaa Han. Han hɔɔlʋʋ kʋnɛ, kʋkʋ tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ yɔ, Luoyang. Han wayɩ hɔɔlʋʋ ñɔ pɩnaɣ 206 nɛ pʋcɔ palʋlɩ ɖa-ñʋʋ yaɖʋ Yeesu-Krɩstʋ. Kɩsɩ tɩnaɣ pɩnaɣ nakʋ ñɩŋa taa Yeesu-Krɩstʋ lʋlʋʋ wayɩ. Piyele Han wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ ñɔñɔ pɩnaɣ 25 pʋcɔ palʋlɩ Yeesu-Krɩstʋ nɛ kɩsɩɩ tɩnaɣ pɩnaɣ 220 ɖa-ñʋʋ yaɖʋ Yeesu-Krɩstʋ lʋlʋʋ wayɩ. Kewiisi naalɛ nzɩ sɩ-hɛkʋ taa lɛ, kewiyaɣ cikpelaɣ nakɛyɛ wɛɛ. Payaɣ kaka se Xin kewiyaɣ. Ɖajaa Wang Mang yebina nɛ kewiyaɣ ŋga kɔñɔ, ɛlɛ, keteleɖi.
Siini ɛjaɖɛ caanaʋ tɔm taa lɛ, Han kewiyaɣ alɩwaatʋ taa ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩkɩlɩ ɖɛʋna ɛsɩndaa. Halɩ paya alɩwaatʋ ndʋ se «Sika pɩnzɩ» (âges d’or). Halɩ nɛ sɔnɔ, samaɣ ŋga kalɩna Han kewiyaɣ taa yɔ, payaɣ pa-tɩ se « Han samaɣ ».


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Uranisi
Uranisi kɛna wɩsɩ cɔɔʊ taŋgalam tɩyɩŋga lʊbɛ ŋga wɩsɩ posinau taa nɛ naatozo ñɩŋga paɣlɩka taa nɛ yee yʊŋ hɩlɩmaɣ taa kɔyɔ tɩyɩŋga ŋga lɛ nanza ŋga. Tɩyɩŋga kanɛ ka-taa nɛ nikaɣ nɛ ɖombe ɛzɩ Nɛptini taa yɔ.
Payaʊ se Uranisi pɩlɩna roma mba tɛ sɩʊ nakʊyʊ hɩɖɛ, Uranisi, Satirini caa nɛ Siipitɛɛrɩ cɔzɔ. Weyi ɛcala naʊ kɛ wɩsɩ cɔɔʊ taŋgalam tɩyɩŋga Iiranisi yɔ ɛnʊ payaɣ se William Herschel nɛ pɩɩkɛ ɖomaɣ fenaɣ 26 pɩnaɣ 1781.
Tɩyɩŋga kanɛ ŋga kɛŋna kacalaɣ tɩyɩŋga ŋga panana ñɩɣyʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ se telesikɔpi yɔ. Tɩyɩŋga kanɛ ka-taa nɛ Hidrozɛɛnɩ, Heliyom, ɖombe, amoniyaki, meetani nɛ idrozɛɛnɩ nɛ karbɔɔnɩ tomnaɣ kpɛm ŋga. Peeɖe ɖɔ nɩkaɣ kɩlɩ wɛʊ wɩsɩ cɔɔʊ taŋgalam tɩyɩnzɩ kpeekp taa.
Pɩnaɣ 1986 taa panaa se Iiranisi tatasɩ lakasɩnasɩyɛ wɩlɩɣ ɖei ɖei ɛzɩ wɩsɩ cɔɔʊ taŋgalam tɩyɩnzɩ lɛɛsɩ yɔ nɛ heɣlimasi nzɩ sɩwɛ wɩsɩ cɔɔʊ taŋgalam tɩyɩnzɩ lɛɛsɩ yɔɔ ɖɔɖɔ yɔ. Ñɩɣyʊ kɩtakɩnaʊ ŋgʊ pamazɩna yɔ kʊkʊ wɩla se Tɩyɩŋga kanɛ kɛ-tɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa pamaza nɛ pana mbʊ. Wɩsɩ cɔɔʊ taŋgalam tɩyɩŋga Iiranisi cɔʊ taa lɛ katalɩ kɛ-ɖenɖe wɩsɩ nɛ ɖoo pɛwɛ kɩmaŋ yɔ Saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ 8 pɩnaɣ 2007.


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Rɩkɛɛ
Kpakpayaɣ sɔsaɣ nakɛyɛ payaɣ sɛ rɩkɛɛ. Kpakpasɩ ńzɩ, sɩkɛ nzɩ payaɣ se "cartilagineux" waa yɔ. Sɩ-n̄ʋŋ taa nɛ pɔŋ nɛ pɔŋ ɛnʋ ɛtalɩɣ ɛzɩ kakpaanzɩ yaa lʋbɛ mbʋ yɔ. Sɩwɛna keŋ si-siɣa taa nɛ sɩ-n̄ʋŋ cɔlɔ ɛzɩ kpakpasɩ lɛɛsɩ yɔ. Rɩkɛɛnaa wɛ paa lɩŋgamʋʋ ŋgʋ kɩ-taa. Kpakpasɩ ńzɩ, sɩwɛ ɖɔɖɔ pɔsɩ sɔsɔsɩ nasɩyɛ taa.
Pɔɖɔ rɩkɛɛnaa pɩlɩʋ ŋgʋ kɩwɛ rais naa taa yɔ. Paa nɛ mbʋ yɔ, rɩkɛɛnaa wɛ pɩlɩʋ cikpeluu ŋgʋ payaɣ se élasmobranche yɔ kɩ-taa; ɛzɩ Cladoselache nɛ Xenacanthus naa yɔ. Pana kajalaɣ rɩkɛɛnaa ɖooo Tɛfoniyɛɛ alɩwaatʋ taa, pɩlaba ɛzɩ pɩnzɩ 420 "Ma' mbʋ yɔ. Rɩkɛɛnaa kɛ Kɩrɛstasɩ nɛ ɖɩnaaʋ -sɩ sɔnɔ, pɩlaba ɛzɩ pɩnzɩ 100 "M" yɔ. Rɩkɛɛnaa wɛ ndɩ ndɩ. Sɩtala tindima 465 mbʋ yɔ. Pɛtɛyɩ-sɩ pɩlɩŋ 35 taa.
Rɩkɛɛnaa nabɛyɛ ɖɩma, ɛlɛ, patɩlɩ-wɛ nɛ pɔ-mɔɔ wena atapʋʋda yɔ. Rɩkɛɛnaa ɖaɣlakɩŋ talɩ ɛzɩ santimɛtɛnaa 17 mbʋ yɔ. Mba paɖaɣlɩ ḿbʋ yɔ, paba lɛ Etmopterus perryi n̄ɩma. Mba payaɣ paba se "rɩkɛɛ-baalɛɛnɩ" waa yɔ, paba ɖaɣlakɩŋ talɩ ɛzɩ santimɛtɛnaa 20 mbʋ yɔ. Paa mbʋ yɔ, "rɩkɛɛ-baalɛɛnɩ" tɔkɩ mbʋ payaɣ se planktɔŋ yɔ nɛ kɩcakɩ wezuu. Teŋgu tɛɛ kʋsʋʋ mɩɩɩ nɛ kihikiɣ kɩ-kʋtɔɔm. Rɩkɛɛnaa sakɩyɛ kɛ mba pɔtɔkɩ nandʋ yɔ. Pakpaɣ-tʋ ɖɔɖɔ kamaɣ fɛyɩ. Rɩkɛɛnaa wɛ paa teŋgu ŋgʋ lɛ kɩ-taa. Papɩsɩɣ petii teŋgu tɛɛ halɩ pɩtalɩ ɛzɩ mɛtanaa 2 500 mbʋ yɔ. Rɩkɛɛnaa tɔsɔɔlɩ caɣʋ lɩm mbʋ pʋwɛ leleŋ yɔ pɩ-taa, ɛlɛ, Rɩkɛɛnaa lɛlaa n̄acakɩ pɩ-taa, ɛzɩ mba payaɣ se "rɩkɛɛ-bouledogues" waa nɛ "rɩkɛɛ de rivière" waa yɔ. Kpakpasɩ sɩnɛ, sɩsɩ pɩsɩɣ sɩcaɣ teŋgu lɩm taa sɩtɛ sɩcaɣ lɩm mbʋ pʋwɛ leleŋ yɔ pɩ-taa.
Hɛɛnzɩ ɛzɩ kagbaanzɩ yaa lʋbɛ mbʋ yɔ wɛ rɩkɛɛnaa tamasɩ tɛɛ nɛ hɛɛnzɩ nzɩɩ pefeziɣna. Rɩkɛɛnaa wɛnɩ pɔɔyɩŋ nɩɩyɛ po-tomnasɩ yɔɔ nɛ pɩkandɩɣ pɔ-yɔɔ nɛ kʋdɔmɩŋ nɩɩyɛ ɛɛsʋʋ po-tomnasɩ taa. Pɔɔyɩŋ ɛnʋ ɖɔɖɔ ɛlakɩna nɛ payaɣ lɩm camɩyɛ. Rɩkɛɛnaa nɔsɩ taa kela pɩla yem pɩlaɣpɩlaɣ nɛ kɩbɩna holuu nɛ kɩfana n̄ɔn̄ɔʋ.


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Édith Piaf
Édith Piaf kɛ hendu teyu nɛ tanaʋ laɖʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ. Palʋla-ɩ saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ hiu nɛ nakʋ (19) ñɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1915 taaPaarii tɛtʋ taa. Paarii tɛtʋ kɛna Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ. Aloma fenaɣ kɩyakʋ hiu (10) ñɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1963 ñɩŋga taa ɛsɩba. Pɩwɩ-ɩ siŋŋ nɛ pʋcɔ ɛsɩkɩ. Grasse tɛtʋ ɛsɩba ɛ-pɩnzɩ nɩɩnaza nɛ lʋbɛ ñɩnzɩ taa. Ɖoɖoo Édith Piaf hɩɖɛ kɩsɛsɛyɛ kɛlɛ Giovanna Gassion. Ɖoɖoo ɛnɛ ɛ-nɔɔ taa kɩlɩ tʋŋ leleŋ.
Ɖoɖoo Édith Piaf hayɩsɩna ɖajaanaa panɛ nɛ papɩsɩ hendu luɖaa nɛ teyaa sɔsaa. Ɖajaanaa mba, pa-hɩla kɔyɔ : Yves Montand nɛ Charles Aznavour nɛ Georges Moustaki. Ɖoɖoo Édith Piaf tɛ minziki payaɣ se music-hall.
E-minziki mabʋ maɣmaɣ yɔɔ pakʋma-ɩ hɩɖɛ se ''la Môme Piaf''.
Ɛma takayɩsɩ nzɩ yɔ, sɩ-taa nasɩyɛ hɩla yɔ :
Wezuu caɣʋ pɛɛyɛɛ taa (La Vie en rose) nɛ Aayɩ maakpiɖiɣ nabʋyʋ yɔɔ (Non, je ne regrette rien) nɛ Sɔɔlɩm kɩɖaʋ wendu (Hymne à l'amour) nɛ Ma wataŋga taa tʋ (Mon légionnaire) nɛ Samaɣ (La Foule) nɛ Milord nɛ Mɛ-Ɛsɔ (Mon Dieu) yaa ɖɔɖɔ se L'Accordéoniste.
Ɖoɖoo Édith Piaf hɩɖɛ sɛ siŋŋ kedeŋa kpeekpe yɔɔ pɩlɩɩnɩ e-wendu tue yɔɔ.


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Paŋgii
Paŋgii kɛna tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩkɩla walanzɩ kɛ Santrafriki ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ cikpetu kpeekpe taa. Tɛtʊ ndʊ, ndʊ ɖɔɖɔ kɛŋna Santirafrika tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ. Ɛyaa mba pɛwɛ peeɖe yɔ pɛwɛʊ ɛzɩ ɛyaa miliyɔɔ kʊɖʊmʊʊ nɛ nasɩlɛ mbʊ yɔ (1 200 000). Purundi wɛ lɩm pɔɔŋga payaɣ se Ubaŋgi yɔ nɛ ke-nesi kɩpanzɩ yɔɔ kiŋ.
Pɔɔ ŋga, kɛwɛna Santirafrika nɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ payaɣ tobiɛ nɛ fransɩɩ taa se RDC yɔ pa-kamaɣ yɔɔ. Ubaŋgi pɔɔ ŋga, ka-lɩmɩyɛ yɔɔ kiŋ lɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ payaɣ-tʊ se Soŋgo yɔ nɛ tɩkɛ Kɔŋgo Kinsasa tɛtʊ yɔ ndʊ ñɛwɛna. Pɔɔ kanɛ keɖeke kañandʊna kpɛm ɛzɩma pɛtɛzɩna tadɩyɛ wondu kɛ Purundi tɛtʊ taa mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ lɩm wɛɛ nɛ pɩɩtɛŋ.
Ñɩɩtʊ kulubutu tʊma sɩm ndɩ ndɩ lu pɩsaŋ, tokonaa nɛ pantalaŋ, naakomnaa. Peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ pɔñɔɔzʊ tɔɔnasɩ kʊtɔɔsɩ nɛ pasɩɣ sɩɩwɛɛkʊʊ, patɩsʊ yaa pobuu kpalabanaa taa sʊlʊm nɛ pasaɣ fɔɔfɔɔnaa ɖɔɖɔ. Mbʊ pakɩlɩɣ pɛdʊʊ nɛ awayɩ yɔ lɛ tiyamaɣ, pɩsatʊ yaa yɔlɩtʊ, ɖasɩ, kɔfɩ nɛ taŋgbaka.
Ubaŋgi taa ɖɔɖɔ kɛ sukili sʊsɔʊ kɩtɛzʊʊ wɛɛ nɛ kʊkʊ ñɛkɛna mbʊ pɩkɛna tɔsʊʊ pɩyʊ kpem yɔ. Ɛzɩ Ubaŋgi ɛjaɖɛ kpeekpe taa yɔ, kʊnʊmɩŋ weyi pɔyɔɔdʊʊ komina tʊma taaa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, ŋgʊ lɛ saŋgo nɛ fransɩɩ.


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Rugbii
Rugibi 15, kɛ patasɩɣ yaʋ size rugby union kɛ ajɛɛ wena ŋgilisi kʋnʋŋ yɔ. Pombo kʋnɛ, pamakɩ-kʋ paa hɔlʋʋ ŋgʋ lɛ maɖa hiu nɛ kagbanzɩ. Lɛzɩyaa n̄acakɩ kadaɣ nɛ kawayɩ. Labɩtʋ ndɩ ndɩ ndʋ rugibi lakɩ lɛ.
Tɔm piye Rugibi kɛna sɩpɔɖɩ hɔɔʋ taa mabʋ kpɛm piliŋa ŋga kalɩ kpaɖʋ 19 taa yɔ. Pamakɩ kʋnɛ nesi nɛ naŋgbanzɩ. Maɖa cɔɣʋ ɖamataɣ yem. Po-pombo wɛ ɛzɩ kelimiye yaɖɛ yɔ.
Kɩ-leeyuu patɣʋ siŋŋ kɔyɔ size, hɔlʋʋ lɛkʋ ɛcɛyɩ kɩ-tɩ nɛ kʋɖʋsɩ kpaɣla sakɩyɛ nɛ pɩkɩlɩ lɛkʋ. Lɛɛlɛɛyɔ alɩwaatʋ tʋnɛ tʋyɔ lɛ, rugibi pombo mabʋ taa, mbʋ paya se essais yɔ, ɛ-kʋɖʋmbʋ tɔkɩ kpaɣla kagbansɩ.
Nɛ yee pɛlɛɛzɩ lɛ ɛtɔɔ kpaɣla lʋbɛ. Penaliti tɔkɩ kpaɣla naadozo. Rugibi hiu nɛ kagbanzɩ n̄ɩŋgʋ kʋnɛ, kikiɖe lɩna ŋgilisi ɛjaɖɛ taa kiŋ. Nɛ kɩ-pazɩ tɔyʋ kpaɖʋ 19 taa ŋgilisi ajɛɛ kʋnʋmɩŋ taa (Ɔsɩtɩɖalɩ, nɛ Afrika hadɛ kiŋ, nɛ Nuvɛlɩ zelandi, nɛ Ŋgilisi ɛjaɖɛ, nɛ pɩtasɩna Fransɩ).
Wɩlɩtʋ natʋyʋ tɔŋ kaɖʋ kpaɣɩ size caanaʋ taa rugibi tʋ lɛ soule (suuli), Sɩpɔɖɩ ŋgʋ palakaɣ siŋŋ Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa hɛkʋʋ nɛ hɛkʋʋ wɛɛ taa. Sɔnɔ lɛ, tɔm piye ɖɩnɛ, ɖɩwɛna tɔbɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ. Kɩ-yɔ pɔsɔzɩɣ hɔlɩŋ mabʋtʋ tʋnɛ yɔ: -Rugibi maɖa hiu nɛ naalɛ ŋgʋ. -Rugibi maɖa lʋbɛ ŋgʋ pɩnaɣ 2016 taa. -mini Rugibi piɣa n̄ɩŋgʋ. .Rugibi 19 ɖoo pɩnaɣ 1895 taa.


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Ɛsakuliye
Payaʋ se "civilisation" yɔ, pɩlɩna latɛŋ kʋnʋŋ taa. Latɛŋ taa lɛ, payaɣ se "civis", pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se "citoyen", ɛyʋ. Paa samaɣ ŋga nɛ kɛ-tɛ "civilisation" yaa kɛ-tɛ sɔnzɩ. Mbʋʋ sɔsaa tɔma se "ajɛɛ kpɛndʋʋ so, aakpɛndʋʋ payɛ.
Panaɣ samaɣ nakɛyɛ tɛ civilisation yaa kɔ-sɔnzɩ pɩtɩŋna kɛ-lɛɣtʋ nɛ ka-fɩtɩyɩm nɛ kɛ-tɛ politiki labʋ nɛ kɔ-lɔŋ weyi kayaɣ yɔ. Samaɣ nakɛyɛ ɛɛpɩzɩɣ kɔtɔ se kɔ-sɔnzɩ kɩlɩ ɖeu samaɣ lɛɛka n̄ɩnzɩ. Yee ḿbʋ pʋwɛɛ se pama tɔmpiye "civilisation" sakɩyɛ taa, pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se pama se "civilisations" yaa sɔnzɩ ndɩ ndɩ. Toovenum lɛ, sɔnzɩ kɩbɩnzɩ wɛɛ nɛ sɔnzɩ kɩfasɩ n̄ɛwɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ.
Alɩwaatʋ ndʋ payawaɣ se "Mʋntʋsʋŋ alɩwaatʋ" yɔ, tɩ-taa lɛ, civilisation yaa sɔnzɩ kɛkɛ pʋyʋ mbʋ pɩkɩlɩ wazaɣ kpem yɔ. Pʋwɛ wazaɣ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ mbʋ payaɣ se "culture" yaa sɔnzɩ ɖɔɖɔ nɛ Ɛsɔ nʋmɔʋ (religion) nɛ Samaɣ (Société) yɔ. Ɖajaa weyi payaɣ se Victor Riqueti de Mirabeau yɔ ɛlɛyɩna tɔmpiye "civilisation" yaa sɔnzɩ hɩɖɛ yaʋ nɛ pɔɖɔkɩ-ɖɩ nɛ pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩna sɔnɔ. Ɛkɛ ɖajaa weyi payaɣ se Mirabeau yɔ ɛ-pɩyalʋ. Ɖajaa Mirabeau kɔsɔɔlɩ lɛɣzɩtʋ kɩfatʋ ɛwɛɛ ɛ-ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛma ɛ-takayaɣ ŋga ɛyaa se "Ɛyaa Taabalʋ" (L'Ami des Hommes) yɔ ka-taa se : "Ɛsɔ nʋmɔʋ kɛna kajalaɣ wonuu nɛ wonuu ŋgʋ kɩkɩlɩ wazaɣ mbʋ pɩpɩsɩɣna ɛyʋ nɛ wayɩ yɔ nɛ pɩkɩlɩ lɛɛbʋ. Pɩnaɣ 1758 n̄ɩŋga taa ɛma-tʋ. Ɛsɔ nʋmɔʋ yekina nɛ civilisation ɖɛɣna ɛsɩndaa. Ńdʋ ɖɔɖɔ ɖajaa Condorcet yɔɔdʋʋ ɛ-takayaɣ ŋga ɛya-kɛ se " Esquisse d'un tableau des progrès de l'esprit humain" yɔ ka-taa. Ɛtɔŋ se, ɛyʋ ɛsɩndaa ɖɛnaʋ payaɣ se "civilisation", se ɛyʋ yekuu tɛtɛ kan̄atʋ nɛ ɛtɩlʋʋ kpeyuu yɔ payaɣ se "civilisation. Ɛyɔɔdʋʋ se, ɛyʋ tɩlʋʋ lɔŋ yɔ payaɣ "civilisation.
Ɖooo waaɣ XIX n̄ɩŋga taa ɛyʋ cɔnaa se mbʋ payaɣ se sɔnzɩ yɔ, mbʋ kɩlɩna pɩtɩŋa payɩ wazaɣ kedeŋa yɔɔ cɩnɛ. Sʋsaa tuu eduye se pasɩŋ ɛyʋ nɛ ɛ-sɔnzɩ. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se paa samaɣ ŋga nɛ kɔ-sɔnzɩ. Yee mbʋ samaɣ nakɛyɛ sɔnzɩ takɩlɩ samaɣ lɛɛka n̄ɩnzɩ ɖeu yaa wazaɣ. Samaɣ nakɛyɛ fɛyɩ se kɛfɛɛnɩ kɔ-sɔnzɩ.


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Alɩkɔɔlɩ
Kpɛlɩ kpɛlɩkʊʊ tɛ lɛ, payaɣ mbʊ se alɩkɔɔlɩ yɔ pɩkɛ pɩyʊʊ nɩɩ weyi ɛ-taa wɛ lɩm hoka OH yɔ. Ɛnɛyɔ ɛwɛna karɩbɔnɩ tɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɩkʊʊ tɛ kɩɖaʊ tɩmʊʊ liɖe, alɩkɔɔlɩ waa tɛ ŋgʊ. Hɔɔlasɩ sakɩyɛ nzɩ kpayaɣ fɛyɩ nɛ sɩ-kiɖe num kpayaɣ kɩ-hɛɖaɣ cɛŋga ŋga kɩtɛtɛyɩ hɔɔlɩŋ sakɩyɛ tɛ matʊ yɔ CnH2n+1OH. Pɩkɛ kajalaɣ alɩkɔɔlɩ num kpayaɣ kɩ-hɛɖaɣ.
Kpɛlɩ kpɛlɩkʊʊ taa wɛ alɩkɔɔlɩ naa pʊɖɔɔ padaa kɔyɔ furfuryliki tɛ ŋgʊ nɛ benzyliki tɛ alɩkɔɔlɩ nɛ amyliki tɛ ŋgʊ nɛ coniféryliki ŋgʊ nɛ vératyle tɛ ŋgʊ nɛ paracoumaryliki tɛ ŋgʊ nɛ polyvinyliki tɛ ŋgʊ nɛ cétyliki tɛ ŋgʊ yaa hexadécanol tɛ ŋgʊ nɛ cyclohexyliki tɛ ŋgʊ nɛ pinacoliki tɛ ŋgʊ yaa panicol ŋgbaɣ nɛ ndɩ.
Payaɣ ɖɔɖɔ se alɩkɔɔlɩ lɛ pɩkɛ sʊlʊm ɖoŋ mbʊ nɛ pɩtaa wɛ pʊdʊʊ weyi payayɩ-ɩ se etanɔɔlɩ yɔ, ɛnʊ yekina se sʊlʊm ɛwɛ ɖoŋ siŋ. Ɛlɛ Eerɔpʊ kɔ lila ɖɩlaɖɛ taa lɛ, etanɔɔlɩ ŋgʊ kʊ-hoɖe sɩna 94 payaɣ-kʊ alɩkɔɔlɩ ŋgʊ etanɔɔlɩ mbilim lɛ payaɣ-kʊ etanɔɔlɩ.
Ɖɩpɩzɩɣ ɖɩtasɩ yaʊ alɩkɔɔlɩ se sʊlʊm ɖoŋ mbʊ nɛ sʊlʊm mbʊ pɔtɔŋ se pɩwɛ ɖoŋ yɔ pɩ-taa wɛ etanɔɔlɩ. Kɩ-haɖaʊ ɖɩlɩyɛ tɔm pakɩlɩɣ yɔɔdʊʊ. Siidiri tɛ alɩkɔɔlɩ yaa Calvados nɛ pɩyɛɛrɩ sʊlʊm nɛ malɩtɩ yaa wɩsɩkɩ nɛ ɔrɩgɩ sɩ ʊlʊm nɛ tɛtɛɛ hɛyɛ sʊlʊm yaa pee mʊlʊm ñɩnaa nɛ ŋvɛ sʊlʊm nɛ fɩŋfɩŋ sʊlʊm ɛzɩ rɔm nɛ mɔʊ sʊlʊm ɛzɩ Sapɔŋ tɛ saké.
Samɩla sʊlʊm nɛ pam sʊlʊm nɛ kpaakpa sʊlʊm nɛ tɩŋ pee tɛ sʊlʊm. Tɔmʊʊ alɩkɔɔlɩ kɛ tɔm piye kɩkɩndɩyɛ. Ɖɩlɩnɛ latɛŋ hɛkʊ pɩnaɣ taa pɩtɩŋna lɔŋ sɩnɖʊʊ alkohol nɛ romanɩ kʊnʊmɩŋ kɛ Ibériki tɛtɛ nzʊlɩmɩyɛ (Kasɩtɩllan yaa katalan alcohol lusitanien álcool), arabɩ tɛtɛ ɛwadɩyɛ الكحول al-kohol ɛlɛ nabʊyʊ taa patʊʊ ɖɩ-taa nɛ paya se al-kôl.


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Kedeŋa kpeekpe tɔm hʋʋ kʋjɔŋ
Kedeŋa kpeekpe wɛna tɔm hʋʋ kʋjɔŋ sɔsɔʋ nakʋyʋ. Tɔm hʋʋ kʋjɔŋ sɔsɔʋ ŋgʋ, kʋ-tʋmɩyɛ kɔyɔ se, kʋyʋʋ ɛyaa mba pakʋʋ ɛyaa sakɩyɛ ɛzɩ kelima kɩsɩkʋ yɔ nɛ mba pɔkɔŋna kedeŋa kigiluu yɔ nɛ mba pañazɩɣ lɛlaa nɛ ahola nɛ kɩmakʋ nɛ mba potuluu yoŋ kedeŋa kpeekpe yɔɔ yɔ, pɔ-tɔm.
Kedeŋa kpeekpe tɔm hʋʋ kʋjɔŋ maʋ nʋmɔʋ taa palaba Room tɛtʋ taa kedeŋa kpeekpe kedizaɣ sɔsaɣ nakɛyɛ. Room kɛ Itaalii ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ. Palaba kedizaɣ ŋ́ga, kpaɣ mɩsɩkʋm fenaɣ kɩyakʋ hiu nɛ kagbaanzɩ (15) nɛ puwolo pɩsɩɩna hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ hiu nɛ lʋbɛ (17) ñɩŋʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1998 taa.
Kedizaɣ sɔsaɣ ŋga palaba nɛ pañɩɣ nesi nɛ pɩha waɖɛ nɛ kedeŋa kpeekpe tɔm hʋʋ kʋjɔŋ ŋgʋ kɩñɔ. Ɛlɛ, kʋ-tʋma paɣzɩ ɖeyi ɖeyi hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ kajalaɣ kɩyakʋ ñɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 2002 ñɩŋa taa. Ajɛya nɩɩnʋwa nɛ hiu (60) calɩna tisuu nɛ añɩɣ nesi se kedeŋa kpeekpe tɔm hʋʋ kʋjɔŋ ɛwɛɛ nɛ pɩla se patʋlɩ kʋjɔŋ ŋgʋ kɩ-nɔnɔsɩ.
Patʋlɩ kedeŋa kpeekpe tɔm hʋʋ kʋjɔŋ, puwiye ńɖɩ, ɛlɛ, kɩfɛyɩna ɖoŋ se kʋhʋʋ ɛzaɣtʋ ndʋ ɛyaa laba kedeŋa yɔɔ nɛ pɩɖɛɛ yɔ, tɩ-tɔm. Ɛlɛ, kpaɣna puwiye nɖɩ patʋlɩ kɩ-nɔnɔsɩ nɛ pɩɖɛɛna ɛsɩndaa yɔ tɔm kɩpɩzɩɣ kʋhʋʋ.
Kedeŋa kpeekpe tɔm hʋʋ kʋjɔŋ tʋma ñʋʋ wɛ Peyibaa ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ taa. Peyibaa ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ payaɣ se La Haye. Ɛlɛ, papɩzɩɣ pahʋʋ sɩm yaa kigiluu sɔsɔʋ nakʋyʋ tɔm paa tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ ndʋ tɩ-taa.
Ajɛya 193 wɛna ONU ŋgbɛyɛ taa. Lakɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ naanza ñɩŋʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 2016 taa ONU ŋgbɛyɛ taa ajɛya 124 tisaa nɛ añɩŋ nesi se kedeŋa kpeekpe tɔm hʋʋ ŋgbɛyɛ ɛwɛɛna ɖoŋ tɩŋa ajɛya kpeekpe yɔɔ. Ɛlɛ, ajɛya naayɛ ñekisaa nɛ atañɩɣ nesi. Ajɛya ana, a-taa naayɛ yɔ : Ruusii nɛ Etaazuunii nɛ Siini nɛ Ɛɛndɩ. Ajɛya ana, a-taa lɛ, Siini nɛ Ɛɛndɩ pakʋyʋʋ kedeŋa kpeekpe tɔm hʋʋ kʋjɔŋ paɣtʋ yɔɔ.


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Paŋgɩladɛɛsɩ
Paŋgɩladɛɛsɩ ɛjaɖɛ wɛ Ɛndɩ tɛtʊ taa nɛ tɩwɛna Baŋgalɩ hɔɔlʊʊ ŋgʊ kʊsʊʊ nɛ teŋʊ taa yɔ kɩcɔlɔ kpam nɛ pɩwɛ Indɩ cɔlɔ. Paŋgɩladɛɛsɩ ɛjaɖɛ nɛ Pirmaanii pazɩna ɖama kamaɣ. Paŋgɩladɛɛsɩ ɛjaɖɛ lɛ, ɖɩñɔ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ Indɩ wɛ hɔɔlʊʊ ŋgʊ payaɣna fransɩ taa se Dominion du Pakistan yɔ ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1957.
Dominion du Pakistan ŋgʊ kɩpɩsɩna kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 1956 kɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ payaɣ sɔnɔ se Paakistaanɩ maliŋ ɛjaɖɛ yɔ. Paŋgɩladɛɛsɩ taa ɛyaa yɔɔdɩɣ kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ payaɣ se ourdou yɔ. Ɛndɩ nɛ URSS pasɩna Paŋgalɩ ñɩma mba pɛwɛ Pakɩstaanɩ yɔ nɛ pamʊ pa-tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊ kɛ pɩnaɣ 1971. Pɩlaba mbʊ lɛ, ɛsɩyɛ naɖɩyɛ sɛɛ nɛ you nakʊyʊ lɩɩ peeɖe nɛ ɛyaa ɛzɩ miliyɔɔnaa naatozo mbʊ yɔ hiu sɩm nɛ mba paba sewa yɔ pɛwɛɛ ɛzɩ miliyɔɔnaa hiu yɔ; piyele nɛ mba pakpa-wɛ nɛ pasʊ na-wɛ yɔ pɛwɛ ɛzɩ kutokiŋ nasɩlɛ yɔ.
Paŋgɩladɛɛsɩ taa ɖiu ɖiu caɣʊ nɛ laŋhɛzɩyɛ fɛyɩ: komina nɔsɩ ɖɛya tɛma talɩɣ hiu nɛ naanza nɛ paanɩ ɛñɩnɩɣ se ɛmʊ kewiyaɣ nɛ ɖoŋ; nɛ pɩtɛma talɩɣ ɛzɩ hiuy nɛ naanza ɖɔɖɔ mbʊ yɔ. Keteŋa kpeekpe taa taa lɛ, Paŋgɩladɛɛsɩ taa kɛ ɛyaa kɩla ɖama kpɩtɩnaʊ; nɛ kilomɛta naa agbaba naalɛ taa lɛ, ɛyaa wɛ ɛzɩ kutoku mbʊyɔ: 1 000 hab/km. Paŋgɩladɛɛsɩ wɛ aŋgba cabɩ taa; Commonwealth taa ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1972, ASACR, nɛ BIMSTEC taa. Paŋgɩladɛɛsɩ tɛ ɛjaɖɛ ñʋʋtʋ kacalaɣ ñɩnʋ kɔyɔ Sheikh Mujibur Rahman (1920-1975) nɛ wayɩ wayɩ ñɩnʊ kɔyɔ Abdul Hamid (1944-). Wayɩ wayɩ ñɩnʊ ɛnɛ ɛlɛɛzɩna Zillur Rahman (1929-2013).


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Emiraatɩ-Araabʊ Unii
Emiraatɩ-Araabʊ Unii kɛna ajɛya cɩkpena nayɛ kɩkpɛndɩɣ ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ ɖɩwɛ Moyen-Orient tɛtʋ taa. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩñɔ ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1971 taa.
Ɖɩwɛ Moyen-Orient tɛtʋ taa kɛ Kɔlɩfɩ-Pɛrɩsikɩ nɛ Omanɩ-Kɔlɩfɩ pɛ-hɛkʊ taa. Ajɛya cikpena wena akpɛnda nbɛ payaɣ se Emiraatɩ-Araabʊ Unii yɔ, ana ya:
- Abuu Dabi
- Ajimanii
- Sarija
- Dubayɩ
- Fujayira
- Ras ɛl Kayima Uumm al Qayiwayɩŋ.
Ajɛya anɛ cikpena kɩkpɛndɩɣ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ, ɖɩ-tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ kɛ payaɣ se Abuu Dabi.
Emiraatɩ-Araabʊ Unii tɛ kɩgaʊ aŋgba ɛnɛ awɛ kedeŋa kpeekpe ajɛya wena a-taa kaɖɩzɩm wɛɛ nɛ pɛpɛdɩɣ-pʊ nɛe ajɛya lɛɛna yɔ a-taa.
Emiraatɩ-Araabʊ Unii ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩwɛ ajɛya kpeekpe kɩkpɛndɩɣ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩcɔŋna tɛtɛɛ ñɩm mbʊ payaɣ se kaɖɩzɩm yɔ pɛ-ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se OPEP yɔ ɖɩ-taa. Pɩtasɩ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, peeɖɛ ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ se Abuu Dabi yɔ, ɖɩɖɩ ñaatɛma OPEP ŋgbɛyɛ taa wɛʊ pʊcɔ nɛ ɛjaɖɛ sɔsɔyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ sɔnɔ se Emiraatɩ-Araabʊ Unii yɔ ɖɩñɔʊ. Pɩwɛɛ mbʊ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, tɛtʊ yaa ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe nɖɩ payaɣ se Dubayɩ yɔ, ɖɩ-taa kɛ tɔsʊʊ nɛ ñɩm pakɩlaa.


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Walt Disney
Palʊla Walter Elias Disney kɛ saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ kagbaanzɩ 1901 kɛ Chicago nɛ ɛsɩ saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ 15 pɩnaɣ 1966 kɛ Puribanki, Kalifɔɔrɩnii tɛtʊ taa. Pasɩma-ɩ se ɛkɛ weyi eluki wondu nɛ ɛlɩzɩɣ tatasɩ nɛ lakɩ lakɩ waa mayʊ. Ɛ-tʊma ɖɔɔ: lɩzɩyʊ, luɖu, lakɩ lakɩ waa mayʊ, lakasɩ ndɩ ndɩ laɖʊ nɛ tɔmnaɣ taa hʊnʊm hayʊ pɩtasɩna se ɛkɛ Amerika taa kɩlɩzɩm kɛlɛm kɛlɛm waa taa tʊ. Ɛtʊla ŋgbɛyɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ ɛyaa-ɖɩ se Walt Disney Company nɛ ɛkɔɔ ɖɛfɛɛɛ ɖɛfɛɛɛ ɛkɛ mba palɩza filmwaa mba pakɩlɩ ɖeu yɔ.
Walt Disney kɛna kacalaɣ tʊ weyi ɛlɩza tɔm pii nɖi payaɣ se tɔm pɩlɩʊ. Walt kɛna ɛyʊ weyi ɛɛsɔɔla mʊya mʊyʊʊ ɖɔɖɔ yɔ nɛ ɛpawaɣ kɛlɛm kɛlɛmnaa taa. Waly Disne nɛ ɛtaabalaa poluba hɩla naayɛ nɛ payaa tatsɩ nzɩ palɩzaa yɔ sɩ-taa nɛ keteŋga taa ɛyaa kpekpe sɩma-wɛ. Pɛ-ɛyaa mba pa-taa nɔyʊ kɛ aseɣɖe tɔm heeyiyaa tɔŋ se ɛnʊ lɛ Mickey Mouse kɩlɩʊ kpem.
Mickey House ɛnɛ payawaɣ-ɩ se Mortimer House nɛ pʊcɔ Lillian Disney kɔɔ ɛpayaɣ-ɩ se Mickey House. Ɛyʊ ɛnɛ, Mickey House, paɣzɩ ɛ-tʊmɩyɛ kɛ kɛlɛm kɛlɛm waa cikpema labʊ nɛ ɛzɩ Walt Disney tɛ filimnaa taa yɔ, pɩwɛ tandamɩɩ tɛɛ yem ɖiu ɖiu. Ɛkɔma nɛ ɛyɩnɩɣ nɔɔyʊ se ɛpɛdɩ-ɩ e-filimnaa nɛ ɛɛnaɣ lɛ, ɛkɔɔ ɛna mbʊ se nabʊyʊ kazɩ pazɩ kɛ pa-taa se pɩtɛzɩ wɛʊ ɖeu.
Pɩnaɣ 1927 taa lɛ, Warner Bros ñañaɣ pana nɛ ɛlɩzɩ film nakʊyʊ, Wondu jass teyu, nɛ kɩtatasɩ kɛʊ ndamaa ñɩŋgʊ: kɩ-taa ɛyaa yɔɔdɩɣ. Disney ñɛwɛɛ nɛ ɛmakɩ kobusi se pasɩna-ɩ nɛ ɛlɩzɩ kɩlɩza kʊɖɔmaa kɛlɛm kɛlɛm waa taa ɛzɩ Mickey ŋgʊ taa ɛyaa yɔɔdɩɣ ɖɔɖɔ yɔ ɛlɛ nɔɔyʊ ɛɛnɩɣna-ɩ. Mbʊ yebina nɛ emaɣzɩ ɛ-ñʊʊtaa nɛ ɛpɛdɩ ɛ-lɔɔɖɩyɛ se ewiu piyee. Pɩlaba mbʊ lɛ, manzʊʊ malɩɩ nɔɔyʊ, Pat Powers, ha-ɩ mbʊ pɩsɩna-ɩ yɔ: mbʊ pɩsɩna-ɩ nɛ pewelesɩ kɛlɛm kɛlɛm waa mba palɩzaa yɔ.


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Caama kʊnʊŋ
Caama kʊnʊŋ payaɣna Caama taa se Deutsch [ˈdɔʏtʃ ] kɛ Ɛndɩ-Erɔpʊ kʊnʊŋ. Kɩ-tɛ nɛ Germanique hɔʊ piliŋa ŋga kalɩna wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa kɩŋ yɔ. Pɩlɩna kɩtɛ kʊnʊmɩŋ sakɩyɛ tɛ yɔɔdasɩ ndɩ ndɩ yɔ lɛ pʊwɛ ɛzɩ kɩwalɩ ɛjaɖɛ yɔ yɔ.
Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ kɩ-tɛ caanaʊ tɔm, kɩ-wɛ ndɩ Caama wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa kɩŋ kʊnʊmɩŋ mbʊ lɛ pɩpazɩna doo hayʊ wɛɛ cɩkpetʊ taa, matʊ lɛɣzɩtʊ naalɛ ndʊ.
Ɖeɖe nɛ sɔnɔ taa lɛ, mba panɩɩ-kʊ yɔ paya-wɛ se germanophone waa, pɛdɛ ɖama tɛyɩʊʊ taa lɛ padalɩ miiliyɔɔ waa mɩnɩʊ,mbʊ yebina nɛ Eerɔpʋ ɛjaɖɛ taa lɛ Caama kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlɩ yɔɔdʊʊ Ɛɖɔpa ajɛyɛɛ nɔɔ kʊɖʊmaɣ kɩgbɛndʊʊ taa.
Kedeŋga sɩm tɛyʊʊ taa, Eerɔpʋ taa lɛ Caama kʊnʊŋ kɛnɛ kʊnʊŋ sɔsɔʊ kɛ Caama Ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ Otirisi taa nɛ Lɩɛstɛnstɛɛnɩ taa nɛ [Wp/kbp/Suwiisi (Suisse)|Suwiisi]] taa nɛ Lukizambuuri taa, nɛ Pɛlɩzɩkɩ taa nɛ Itaalii hɔɔlʊʊ ŋgʊ payaa se Tɩɩrɔl (Tyrol) nɛ hadɛ kɩŋ yɔɔ.
Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ-kʊ ajɛyɛ naayɛ taa ɖɔɖɔ ana yɔ Fransɩɩ nɛ Taanemarki nɛ Cɛɛkɩɩ nɛ Sɩɩlɔvakii nɛ Pɔlɔñɩɩ nɛ Rumaanii, ɛlɛ komina tahaɣ waɖɛ se kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ kɩ-kɛ sɔsɔʊ kɛ ajɛyɛ ana a-daa.
Afrika kedeŋa taa lɛ ajɛyɛ naalɛ taa pɔyɔɔdʊʊ Caama kʊnʊŋ, Namibii nɛ Tanzaani. Amerika taa lɛ Amerika nɛ hayʊ kɩŋ ɛlɛ nabʊyʊ taa hɛkʊ nɛ pɩdɛ Caama mba mba pɛwɛna canaʊ lakasi ɛzi kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ paya se Pennsylvanien, ɛlɛ Amish cejewiye lakina-ɖɩ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ. Amerika nɛ hadɛ kɩŋ lɛ Paraguay nɛ Chili nɛ Arzantiini nɛ Brezilii nɛ Venezuela pɔyɔɔdʊʊ ɖɔɖɔ Caama tɔm. Caama tɛkɛ kʊnʊŋ sɔsɔʊ ŋgʊ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ ajɛyɛ kɩgbɛndʊʊ nɔɔ kʊɖʊmaɣ taa yɔ.


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Ɖama hɔm ɖoŋ (gravitation)
Mbʊ payaɣna fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa se « corps massifs » waa yɔ, pɛwɛna ɖoŋ nɩɩyɛ nɛ ɖoŋ ɛnɩ ɛlakɩna nɛ papɩzɩɣ pɔhɔŋ ɖama. Kedeŋa yɔɔ cɩnɛ ɖoŋ ɛnɩ ɛkpɛndɩ ɖoŋ naanza. Ɖoŋ naanza ɛnɩ ɛ-taa lɛɛŋ kɔyɔ mbʊ payaɣna fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa se « gravitaion » yɔ. Yee mbʊ kravitasiyɔɔ (gravitation) kɛ ɖoŋ weyi ɛlakɩ nɛ tomnasɩ sɔsɔsɩ (corps massifs) waa hɔŋ ɖama yɔ.
Tɛtʊ yekina nɛ ɖoŋ ɛnɩ ɛpɩzɩɣ ɛlakɩ nɛ tomnasɩ sɔsɔsɩ hɔŋ ɖama. Tɛtʊ wɛna ɖoŋ weyi ɛhɔŋ yɔ. Tɛtʊ ɖoŋ weyi ɛhɔŋ yɔ ɛlakɩ nɛ ɛyʊ pɩzɩɣ ɛsɩŋɩɣ tɛtʊ yɔɔ hiɣhiɣ nɛ ɛɛtɔlʊʊ. Ɖoŋ ɛnɩ ɛlakɩna ɖɔɖɔ nɛ ɛsɔtɔnʊʊ tɛɛ wondu ndɩ ndɩ hɔŋ ɖama. Ɖɩkpaɣ ɛzɩ mbʊ payaɣna fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa se « marée » nɛ mba pɔcɔʊ wɩsɩ nɛ pataŋ yɔ, ɛzɩ wɩsɩ cɔʊ taŋgalam waa (planètes) tɛ « orbite » nɛ ɛsɔdaa tomnasɩ yaa pʊdʊnaa sakɩyɛ tɛ mbʊ payaɣna fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa se «sphéricité » yɔ. Tɔm tobi taa se kedeŋa yɔɔ cɩnɛ mbʊ payaɣ se kravitasiyɔɔ yɔ mbʊ lakɩna nɛ ɛsɔtɔnʊʊ tɛɛ tomnasɩ yaa pʊdʊnaa ndɩ ndɩ cɔʊ nɛ pɔhɔŋ ɖama.
Ñɩnɩyaa sakɩyɛ lɩzɩ lɩmaɣzɛ ndɩ ndɩ pɩlɩɩna kravitasiyɔɔ yɔɔ. Lɩmaɣzɛ ndɩ ndɩ ana a-taa lɛ, ñɩnɩyʊ sɔsɔ weyi payaɣ se Albert Einstein yɔ, ɛ-lɩmaɣzɩyɛ labɩna nɛ paa weyi e-liu sɩ, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se paa weyi etisi ndʊ ɛyɔɔdaa nɛ pɩlɩɩna kravitasiyɔɔ yɔɔ yɔ. Pɩnaɣ 1915 ñɩŋga taa ɛlaba ɛ-lɩmaɣzɩyɛ nɖɩ. Payaɣ ɛ-lɩmaɣzɩyɛ nɖɩ nɛ fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa se « relativité générale ».


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Ilnuwaa
Ilnuwaa kɛna Etaazunii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ cikpetʊ natʊyʊ. Nɛ Etazuunii ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ ajɛya cikpena naayɛ nɩɩnɩwa kpɛndɩna nɛ aɖʊ nɔɔ nɛ awɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ taa kpaɩ. Etaazunii tɔbʊʊ nɛ kabɩyɛ taa se ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ. Tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Springfield nɛ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ yɔ ndʊ lɛ Chicago.
Pamaza Ilnuwaa ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ taa lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ ɛzɩ 149 998 km2 nɛ ɖenɖe tɛtʊ ñabɩ wɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 143 967 km2 yɔ nɛ ɖenɖe lɩm ñɛwɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe ñɛwɛʊ ɛzɩ 6 30 km2 yɔ pʊtɔbʊʊ se pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 4 yɔ kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ.
Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɖɩ kɛŋna ɛjaɖɛ 21 ñɩnɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩsʊ Etaazunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊɣ ŋgbɛyɛ taa yɔ. Ɛlɛ pɩɩkɛ saŋgayɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ naatozo ŋkʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 1818. Pɩnaɣ 2017 taa paakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ paana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 12 802 023 yɔ.
Payaɣ Ilnuwaa ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-ñʊʊdʊ se Bruce Rauner (R) piyele nɛ komina ñʊndinaa kɔyɔ: Dick Durbin (D), Tammy Duckworth (D).
Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, ŋgʊ lɛ yɔ Eŋgilisi.


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Luwiiziyaana
Luwiiziyaaana kɛna Etaazunii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ cikpetʊ natʊyʊ. Nɛ Etazuunii ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ ajɛya cikpena naayɛ nɩɩnɩwa kpɛndɩna nɛ aɖʊ nɔɔ nɛ awɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ taa kpaɩ. Etaazunii tɔbʊʊ nɛ kabɩyɛ taa se ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ. Luwiiziyaaana taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se New Orleans nɛ tɩ-taa ɖɔɖɔ kɛ ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ.
Pamaza Luwiiziyaana ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ taa lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ ɛzɩ 2 275 940 km2.Luwiiziyaana kɛna ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ se Ɛspañɔɔlɩ yɔ ɖɩhɔɔlʊʊ nakʊyʊ. Pɩnaɣ 1764 taa kɛ Ɛspañɔɔilɩ mba kpacayaɣ Luwiiziyaana tɛ pʊkɔɔ pɩsɩɩna pɩnaɣ 1800. Pɩkpaɣʊna pɩnaɣ ŋga yɔ, ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩwɛ Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ yɔɔ.
Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ kpaɣna hayʊ kiŋ puwolo pɩsɩɩna hadɛ yɔ, pɩpaazɩna Kanadaa nɛ Mɛkiziiki piyele wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ nɛ sɩ-ɖʊlɩyɛ lɛ Misisipii Pɔɔ nɛ pʊŋ nɩɩyɛ nɛ peeɖe ñɛwɛna kaaŋŋ ɖeke.
Kʊnʊmɩŋ weyi pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ,ɩnʊʊ lɛ yɔ fransɩɩ nɛ ɛspaañɔɔlɩ. Ɛlɛ siŋŋŋ taa lɛ, komina maɣmaɣ tatɩɩ hada nɔɔ camɩyɛ se aŋgilisi kɛŋna kɩ-kʊnʊŋ.


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Alimiiniyɔɔm
Kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ wonuu nakʊyʊʊ payaɣ se alimiiniyɔɔm. Kɩ-pʊyʊ ñɩɩɩ mayaɣ kɛ 13. Ki-kumoɖe kɛ Al. Pɛtɛyɩ ñɩɣlɩm mbʊ pɩ-taa takɩlɩ wɛʊ camɩyɛ yɔ hɔɔlɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ taa. Alimiiniyɔɔm wɛ tindimiye 13 ñɩnɖɛ taa.
Alimiiniyɔɔ kɛ ñɩɣlɩm wonuu ŋgʊ ɛyʊ pɩzɩɣ enuuti-kʊ yem kɛlɛʊ yɔ. Kɩwɛna ñɩɣlɩm wonuu ŋgʊ payaɣ se arɩzaɣ yɔ kɩ-tɔlɩm. Alimiiniyɔɔm ɛɛmʊʊ kalɩkɔdaɣ yem. Ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, kɩfɛyɩna kpɩndʊʊ (densité) pʊɖɔɔ. Ñɩɣlɩm wondu taa payɩ lɛ, ɔkɩsiizɛɛnɩ nɛ siliisiyɔɔm pa-wayɩ lɛ, alimiiniyɔɔm kɩlɩna tɔyʊʊ tɛtʊ yɔɔ cɩnɛ. Ɖɛ-tɛtʊ ilemiye ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-yɔɔ lɛ, yee pɛtɛyɩ ñɩɣlɩm wondu tɩŋa payɩ tam mɩnɩʊ kɔyɔ, alimiiniyɔɔm kpakɩɣ hɔɔlɩŋ lutozo mpilim.
Paapɩzɩɣ pakpaɣ alimiiniyɔɔm ɖeke nɛ palabɩna pʊyʊ, mbʊ yɔ kɩkɩlɩɣ yoluu. Pesidiɣ-kʊ nɛ ñɩɣlɩm wondu lɛɛtʊ ndɩ ndɩ nɛ pʊcɔ palabɩna-kʊ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ. Pesidiɣ-kʊ nɛ ñɩɣlɩm wondu ndʊ yɔ, tɩtalɩɣ 270 mbʊ yɔ. Ñɩɣlɩm tɛtʊ ndʊ payaɣ se pɔkɩsiti yɔ ndʊ kɩlɩɣna ɖɔʊ alimiiniyɔɔm taa. Alimiiniyɔɔm taa lɛ, pɔkɩsiti ŋgʊ kɩwɛɣ ɛzɩ kalɩkɔdaɣ wonuu nakʊyʊ yɔ. Kalɩkɔdaɣ wonuu ŋgʊʊ palakɩ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ palɩzɩ ñɩɣlɩm wonuu ŋgʊ payaɣ se alimiini yɔ. Papɩzɩɣ palɩzɩ alimiini ñɩɣlɩm wonuu ɖɔɖɔ ñɩlɩm wonuu ŋgʊ payaɣ se nefeliini (néphéline) yɔ kɩ-taa. Papɩzɩɣ palɩzɩ-kʊ ɖɔɖɔ ñɩɣlɩm wondu tʊnɛ tɩ-taa. Ndʊʊ yɔ : lesiiti (leucite) nɛ silimaniiti (sillimanite) nɛ andalusiiti (andalousite) nɛ misikoviiti (muscovite).


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Nɩyɔbɩyɔm
Nɩyɔbɩyɔm kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 41 nɛ yʊsaɣ ñɩŋa yɔ Nb. Nɩyɩbɩyɔm tomnaɣ yem kɛ ɖɛzʊʊ ñɩɣlɩm pɩyʊ, ɛ-tɔnʊʊ wɛ kpʊzɩyɛɛ nɛ ɛcaɣ tɛyɩŋ. Pɩnaɣ 1801 pɩna kajalaɣ kɛ nɩyɔbɩyɔm pɩtɩŋna tɛtɛɛ ñɩm tʊmɩyɛ kpɛlɛkɩyʊ, nɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkɩyʊ Charles Hatchett yɔɔ.
Pʊwɛɛ se ɖɩtɔzɩ se nɩyɔbɩyɔm wɛtʊ caɣ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ tantalɩ wɛtʊ. Berzélius kaaya alɩwaatʊ natʊyʊ taa kɛ pʊtʊ ɛnʊ Cb. Alɩwaatʊ natʊyʊ kɔɔ lɛ, Charles Hatchett lɛɛzɩ tʊmɩyɛ, kpɛlɩ tʊmɩyɛ tʊ kɩbɩnʊʊ ɛnʊ eyele ɛsʊ pasɩnja naa kpɛdɛtʊ tʊma sɔsɔna taa, ɖɔɖɔ mbʊ yɔ pʊsʊzʊʊ liidiye piŋ nɛ pɛkɛna wazaɣ siŋ, nɛ ɛlakaɣ lɔɔɖa pɔyɩŋ tʊmɩyɛ ɛ-ɖalʊʊ Hatchett tʊmɩyɛ sɔsɔyɛ.
Pama tɔm kpou ŋgʊ payaɣ se Larousse pɩnaɣ 1868 lɛ kɩ-taa kaawɛ Rose tʊma, nɛ petisi nɩyɔbɩyɔm anasaayɩ kʊnʊŋ taa. Kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 1905 mbʊ yɔ ñɩɣlɩm pʊtʊ ɛnʊ payaka-ɩ kpem mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ palakaɣ-ɩ nɛ laatriki miŋ weyi ɛɛwɛ pʊcɔ pɩnaɣ 1911. Ɛɛkɛ ɖoŋ sɔzɩyʊ kɔzɩ kɔzɩ ñɩɣyɩŋ ɖoŋ ñɩŋ taa.
Pɩɩwɛ se paɖaŋ kedeŋga kpeekpe you sɔsɔʊ wayi pɩnaɣ 1946 nɛ pʊcɔ papɩzɩ palɩzɩnɩyɔbɩyɔm ñɩɣlɩm tʊma sɔsɔna kuduyuu. Etaazuunii waa nɛ Ɛnglɩsɩ ajɛyɛ ɖooo pitihiɣ palakaɣ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ hɩɖɛ kɔlɔbɩyɔm ɛ-tɛ yʊsaɣ maya kɔyɔ Cb, nɛ halɩ nɛ sɔsɔ mbʊ yɔ ɛ-hɩɖɛ tɔyɩ tʊma sɔsɔna kuduyiŋ taa.


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PH
Mbʋ payaɣ se potansɩyɛɛlɩ Hɩdrɔzɛnɩ yɔ, pu-kumoɖe pamaɣ se ‘pH’. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se yee ɛyʋ ɛna ‘pH’ yɔ, pɩwɩlɩɣ se pɩkɛ potansiyɛɛlɩ Hɩdrɔzɛnɩ.
Pɩkɛ Hɩdrɔzɛnɩ H+ tɛ kpɛlɩkpɛlɛkʋʋ tɛ iyɔɔ waa tɛ kɩmaɣzɩnaʋ wonuu. Paɖʋʋ-wɛ lɩm taa lɛ, mba ɖɔɖɔ payaɣ se protɔɔ waa.
Yee paɖʋ-wɛ lɩm kɩñɩŋgɩm taa kɔyɔ, iyɔɔ waa mba, pɛwɛ ɛzɩ oksoniyɔm tɛ iyɔɔ yɔ. Mba ɖɔɖɔ payaɣ se idroniyɔm tɛ iyɔɔ.
Potansɩyɛɛlɩ Hɩdrɔzɛnɩ pakpakɩɣ nɛ pamaɣzɩna nɛ pana ɛzɩma mbʋ lɩm ñɩŋaa nɛ pɩsɩɩna yɔ. Potansɩyɛɛlɩ Hɩdrɔzɛnɩ ɖɔɖɔ paɖʋʋ lɩm kɩñɩŋgɩm taa nɛ pana pu-yuŋ.


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Ovide
Ovide kɛ Itaalii tʋ. Ɛkɛ abalʋ weyi ɛwɛna tandaʋ siŋŋ yɔ. Ɛ-hɩɖɛ nɖɩ-ɩ payaɣna Latɛŋ nsʋlʋmɩyɛ yaa yɔɔdaɣ taa size "Publius Ovidius Naso". Palʋla ɖajaa Ovide ɛnɛ kɛ pɩnaɣ 43 n̄ɩŋga taa nɛ pɩcɔ palʋlʋʋ kɩpaɣlʋ yesu krɩstʋ.
Egeetiye yaa kooka ŋga ka-taa palʋla ɖajaa Ovide ɛnɛ yɔ, ŋga payaɣ size Sulmone kɛ Itaali ɛ-ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʋ taa. Egeetiye sulmone kɛ payaɣna Itaali kʋnʋŋ taa size Sulmona. Ɛkɛ pɩɣa ŋga kamaɣzɩm ɖɔwa kpeɖem nɛ kaatɛŋ maɣzɩm wiɖi kaʋ yɔ. Ɛkɛ abalʋ pasamam nɔɔyʋ kɛ ɛ-ɛjaɖɛ taa peeɖe.
Egeetiye nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ size Sulmone mbɩ yɔ, ɖɩwɛ Itaali ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʋ hɛkʋ taa ɖeyi ɖeyi. Ɖajaa sɔsɔ Ovide ɛnɛ, ɛkɛ pɩya ŋga kaawɛ lɔŋ yaa lɛɣtʋ kpekpekaɣ siŋŋ yɔ kɛ ka-pɩcatʋ taa. Pasaŋga kɛ siŋŋ kɛ ka-tabalaa ɛsɩnda. Ɖajaa sɔsɔ ɛnɛ, ɛsɩba pɩtala pɩnaɣ 17 n̄ɩŋga yaa 18 n̄ɩŋga taa kɛ kɩpaɣlʋ yesu krɩstʋ lʋlʋkʋ wayɩ.
Pɔɖɔɔna-ɩ ɛ-jaɖɛ tɛtʋ taa lɛ, ɛdɛɛ nɛ ewolo ɛcaɣ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ size Tomis yɔ ɖɩ-taa. Tomis ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ, nɖɩ-ɩ payaɣ sɔnɔ alɩwaatʋ tʋnɛ tɩ-taa size "Constanţa en Roumanie". Ɖajaa sɔsɔ Ovide kɛ, laatɛŋ koowa maɖʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ. E-wezuu caɣʋ kpeekpee lɛ, ɛwɛɛ nɛ ɛcɔŋna ɛsɩma Ɖoma Ampiiri tikiɖe paɣza n̄ɔʋ yɔ.
Ɖajaa koowa maɖʋ sɔsɔ Ovide ɛnɛ, ɛ-tʋma sɔsɔna naayɛ hɩlaa yɔ : l'Art d'aimer, nɛ pɩtasɩna Métamorphoses. Ɛ-tʋma ana ɖɔɖɔ kpem kɛ pakɩla sɩm yaa tɩlɩʋ. Ɛ-hɩɖɛ naalɛ n̄ɩnɖɛ kɩsɛsɛyɛ yaa ɛ-hɩɖɛ nɖɩ pasʋʋyɩ yɔ, nɖɩ-ɩ lɛ Naso. Palʋla-ɩ ca pɩla pɩnaɣ nɛ pakʋ Jules César, ɛ-ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʋ taa n̄ʋʋdʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ.


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Tɔnɛ nɛ ɖɩhʋndʋ tɔɔla
Tɔnɛ nɛ ɖɩhʋndʋ tɔɔla kɛ payaɣ ɖɔɖɔ size, huyuu nɛ kɩhʋndʋ tɔɔla. Pɩkɛna tɛtɛ kpɩna tɔnɩŋ huyuŋ. Tɛtɛ kpɩna tɔnɩŋ yaa huyuŋ ɛnɛ, ɛkɛ tɔnɩŋ yaa huyuŋ weyi ɛ-yɔɔ nɛ hʋndʋ yɔ. Ɛlɛ, nabʋyʋ taa ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, hʋndʋ fɛyɩ ɖɔɖɔ tɔnɩŋ yaa huyuŋ ɛnɛ ɛyɔ.
Hʋndʋ ɛfɛyɩ tɔnɩŋ ɛnɛ ɛ-yɔɔ kɔyɔ, ŋna size kalɩhʋnʋŋ wɛna yaa mbʋ payaɣna Fransɩ kʋbnʋŋ taa size "duvet" yɔ pɛlɛzʋʋna hʋndʋ ɖeɖe nɛ kalɩhʋndʋ wɛɛ. Tɔnɩŋ nɛ ɛ-hʋndʋ tɔɔla yaa ɛ-kalɩhʋnʋŋ tʋnɛ, tɩwɛwɛna wazaɣ siŋŋ kɛ ɛyʋ wezuu caɣʋ taa.
Pɩzʋʋna ɛyʋ size ɛcazɩ yaa ɛn̄ɩnɩna mbʋ esuu yaa ɛhuuzɩna e-tomnaɣ yɔɔ yɔ. Pʋtɔbʋʋ size ɛyʋ pɩzʋʋ ɛkpa nɛ ɛlabɩna tokonaa yaa pɩsaŋ yaa ɛzɩ wondu lɛɛtʋ sakɩyɛ yɔ. Ɛyʋ pɩzʋʋ ɖɔɖɔ ɛlabɩnana kalɩhʋndʋ yaa tɔnɛ nɛ ɖɩhʋndʋ tɔɔla nɛ keɖeyaɣ wondu ajana n̄ɩndʋ sakɩyɛ ndɩ ndɩ.
Wondu ndɩ ndɩ ndʋ, palakɩna tɔna nɛ ahʋndʋ tɔɔla yaa kpɩna tɔnɩŋ yɔ, nɛ kalɩhʋnʋŋ nɛ pɛpɛdɩɣ yɔ pɩkɛ sakɩyɛ taa kpem kɛ tɛtɛ kpɩna tɔnɩŋ yaa huyuŋ. Ɛlɛ nabʋyʋ taa ɖɔɖɔ lɛ ɖaɣ kpɩna wondu huyuŋ yaa kalɩhʋndʋ.
Pɔn̄ɔɔzʋʋ kpɩna huyuŋ yaa hʋndʋ tɔɔla camɩyɛ nɛ palakɩna paa wondʋ ndʋʋ lɛ tɩwɛ ɖeu nɛ tileɖi ɖɔɖɔ alɩwaatʋ sakɩyɛ yaa cabɩ. Ɛyaa paɣzɩna kpɩna tɔnɩŋ yaa huyuŋ nɛ wondu ndɩ ndɩ labɩnaʋ sakɩyɛ kɛ ɖoo caanaʋ taa. Ɖoo Lɔn taa ɛya yaa kajalaɣ mba kaasɩma mbʋ size kpɩna huyuŋ yaa hʋndʋ nɛ atɛ kalɩhʋnʋŋ wazaɣ siŋŋ.


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Peliizi
Peliizi kɛna nɛ hɛkʊ taa ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩwɛ Mɛkɩziki ɛjaɖɛ nɛ ɖɩ-wɩsɩ ɖɩɖɩyɛ taa, nɛ nɖi payaɣ-ɖɩ se Kʊwatamala yɔ ɖɩ-wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖinɛ tɩ-taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Pɛlɩmopanɩ. Pakpazʊ kɩɖaʊ kɛdɛɛka nɛ pɛtɛ lɛ, pɔyɔɔdɩʊ se: kuzontuu taa kɛ mɛnɛɛdʊʊ; piyele kɩɖaʊ kɛdɛɛka wondʊ yɔ se: ɛyaa mba pɛwɛ pa-tɩ yɔɔ yɔ pɛ-ɛjaɖɛ. Liidiye nɖɩ pɔtɔkɩ-ɖɩ peeɖe yɔ payaɣ-ɖɩ se Peliizi tɔɔlaarɩ.
Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ sukulinaa taa yɔ ŋgʊ lɛ Ɛngilisi ɛlɛ ŋgʊ pakɩlʊ yɔɔdʊ yɔ ŋgʊ lɛ Ɛsɩpañɔɔlɩ. Hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ kacalaɣ wiye pɩnaɣ 2016 taa paakala ɛyaa kɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa lɛ, paakpɛnda ɛyaa 353 858.
Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-walanzɩ taa maɣna ɛzɩ 22966 km2 ɛlɛ ɖenɖe lɩm wɛɛ yɔ peeɖe ɖeke talɩʊ ɛzɩ 0,7 kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ yɔ. Salaŋ fenaɣ 21 pɩnaɣ 1981 kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩmʊ ɖɩ-tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊ.


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Tɛtʊ wondu cikpetu
Tɛtɛ wondu cikpetu wɛ wondu ndʊ tɩfɛyɩna mɔɔ yɔ tɩ-pɩlɩŋ taa. Tɛtɛ wondu cikpetu tʊnɛ tɩwɛna hɔɔlɩŋ sɔsɔŋ naatozo: ñʊʊ, laŋgɩyɛ nɛ lotu. Ñʊʊ yɔɔ lɛ, ɛsa naalɛ, ŋjʊyɛ nɛ hɩlɩŋ naalɛ sɛŋŋŋ sɛŋŋŋ. Laŋgɩyɛ yɔɔ lɛ acɩya looɖo wɛna, naatozo nʊwaŋ yɔɔ nɛ naatozo ɖɔɖɔ nɩmɩyɛ yɔɔ. Laŋgɩyɛ yɔɔ ɖɔɖɔ kɛ keŋ naalɛ wɛɛ nɛ nabʊyʊ taa lɛ kɛŋ ɩnʊ ɩtɩkɩlɩ ɖaalʊ. Piyele laŋgɩyɛ huuzina lotu yɔɔ kam.
Tɛtɛ wondu cikpena wena atɛma wɛʊ yɔ aɖɛ ɛzɩ miliyɔnaa 1,3 yɔ nɛ wena ɑɖɩɩna lɩuʊ efemiye efemiye yɔ, alɛ talʊʊ ɛzɩ kutokiŋ hiu (10 000) yɔ. Wondʊ ndʊ ndʊ tɩwɛ tataa cɩnɛ yɔ, tɩ-taa payɩ lɛ, tɛtɛ wondu cikpetu pɩlɩŋ kɩlɩna ɖɔʊ nɛ pɔtɔma se pakalɩɣ pɩlɩŋ ɩnʊ yɔ, ɩtalʊ pɩlɩŋ 80 mbʊ yɔ. Pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se mbʊ pifezuu ɛjaɖɛ yɔɔ cɩnɛ yɔ pɩtɩŋga pɩtaa lɛ, pakpaɣ-tʊ mɩnɩʊ kɔyɔ, tɛtɛ wondu cikpetu ndʊ tɩtala ɛzɩ 80 yɔ (80 %). Yee pakpaɣ tɛtɛ wondu tʊnɛ tɩ-tɛ pɩlɩŋ kpɛndʊ kɔyɔ, pɩwɛ ɛz ɩ ɛyaa tɛ tɔm 300 taa yɔ, nɛ naanza taa kɛ tɛtɛ kpɩna sɔsɔna taa yɔ. Tɛtʊ wondu cikpetu ndʊ tɩwɛna keŋ nɛ tɩkʊyʊ wɛ tiɖeke tɩtala mbʊ pifezu yɔ pɩtɛ hɔɔlʊʊ kɛ mɩnɩu yɔɔ. Tɛtɛ wondu cikpetu tʊnɛ, ndʊ kɛŋna ɖooo kacalaɣ wondu ndʊ tɩcala tɛtʊ yɔɔ wɛʊ yɔ. Ɖooo ɛzɩ tɩwɛʊ yɔ pɩlakɩ pɩnzɩ 400 yɔ.


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1Ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ wulɑʋ lɑɑkɑlɩ pǝsɑɑ nɑ ɩ́ kpɑɑkɩ ɑtɛ nɑ ɩsɔtɑɑ kutuluɣu tɑɑ nɑ ɩ́ wiiki nɑ ɩ́ yɔɣɔtǝɣɩ sɩ: Hɑɩ, mɑ pu Apǝsɑlɔm, mɑ pu Apǝsɑlɔm. Ye mɑɑ sǝpǝnɑ nyɑ́ lonte pǝ tɑɑ kǝlɩ teu? Mɑ pu Apǝsɑlɔm, hɑɩ, mɑ pu.
2Ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ pɑ polɑɑ nɑ pɑ́ heeli Sowɑpɩ sɩ wulɑʋ wiikinɑ ntɛ́ nɑ ɩ́ huɣutiɣi lotu kɛ Apǝsɑlɔm tɔɔ.
3Ɩlɛnɑ kʋyɑkʋ ŋkʋ kʋ lɑŋhʋlʋmlɛ pǝsɩ lǝyɑɣɑ kɛ yǝlɑɑ tɑɑ. Mpi tɔ, yǝlɑɑ nɩɩkɑɣɑ pɑ yɔɣɔtǝɣɩ sɩ wulɑʋ cɑɣɑ ɩ pǝyɑɣɑ lǝyɑɣɑ.
4Fɛɛlɛ lɑpɑ yǝlɑɑ nɑ yoou ŋku pɑ yoowɑ tɔɣɔ, ɩlɛnɑ pɑ́ sʋʋ ɩcɑtɛ tɑɑ tǝhɛɛ.
5Nɑ wulɑʋ nɑ́ɑ́ hɔkɑ ɩ ɩsɛntɔɔ kɛ́ sɑɑlɑɣɑ nɑ ɩ́ kiisiɣinɑ nɔɣɔ sɔsɑɣɑ sɩ: Hɑɩ, mɑ pu Apǝsɑlɔm, hɑɩ, mɑ pu, hɑɩ, mɑ pu.
6Ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ Sowɑpɩ sʋʋ wulɑʋ kiŋ kɛ nɑŋ tɑɑ nɑ ɩ́ tɔmɩ-ɩ sɩ: Sɑŋɑ n tʋɣɩ fɛɛlɛ kɛ nyɑ́ tǝmlɛ nyǝ́mɑ mpɑ pɑ yɑpɑ nyɑ́ nɑ nyɑ́ pǝyɑlɑɑ nɑ nyɑ́ pɛɛlɑɑ nɑ nyɑ́ ɑlɑɑ tɔɣɔ.
7Mpɑ pɑɑ cɑɑkɩ-ŋ tɔɣɔ n sɔɔlɑɑ nɑ nyɑ́ tɑɑ kpɑɑkǝnɑ mpɑ pɑ cɑɑkɩ-ŋ tɔ. N lɑkʋɣʋ ɩsǝntɔ tɔ pǝ hʋlǝɣɩ kɛ́ sɩ n nyǝnǝɣɩ nyɑ́ yoolɑɑ nɑ pɑ nyʋɣʋ nyǝ́mɑ kɛ yem. Pǝ lɑkɩ-m ɩsɩɩ ye tɑɑ sǝpǝnɑ nɑ Apǝsɑlɔm wɛnɑ ɩ weesuɣu pɩɩ kǝlɑ-ŋ teu.
8Mpʋ tɔ, kʋlɩ nɑ ń lɩɩ nɑ ń yɔɣɔtǝnɑ yǝlɑɑ nɑ pɑ lɑŋɑ hɛɛ. Mɑ tuukinɑ Tɑcɑɑ sɩ ye n tɑ lɩɩ pǝ kɑɑ kɑɑsɩ pɑɑ yʋlʋ kʋlʋm kɛ nyɑ́ kiŋ kɛ ɑhoo ɑnɛ. Nɑ mpi pǝ tɛmɑ-ŋ mɑɣɑnɑʋ kɛ hɑtoo nyɑ́ pǝcɑɑtʋ tɔ pɩɩ lɑ sɑnɑ nɑ nɔɔnɔɔ nyǝntʋ.
9Ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ wulɑʋ kʋlɑɑ nɑ ɩ́ cɑɣɑ nɔnɔɣɔ. Nɑ pɑ́ heeli yǝlɑɑ sɩ ɩ lɩɩwɑ nɑ ɩ́ cɑɣɑ nɔnɔɣɔ. Ɩlɛnɑ pɑ tǝnɑ pɑ́ polo ɩ kiŋ. Wɑɑtʋ ɩnɩ ɩ tɑɑ Apǝsɑlɔm nyǝ́mɑ kɑ tɛmɑ sewɑ nɑ pɑɑ wei ɩ́ mǝlɩ ɩ tɛ.
10Ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ Ɩsɛɣɛlɩ tɛtʋ yǝlɑɑ kpekɑ tǝnɑ lɑŋɑ tɑ hɛɛ nɑ pɑ́ tɔŋ sɩ: Wulɑʋ yɑpɑ-tʋɣʋ tɑ́ kolontunɑɑ nɑ Filiisi nyǝ́mɑ niŋ tɑɑ nɑ nɔɔnɔɔ ɩ́ seeki ɩcɑtɛ kɛ Apǝsɑlɔm tɔɔ?
11Apǝsɑlɔm wei tǝ lǝsɑɑ nɑ tǝ kpɑ wulɑʋ tɔ, ɩ́lɛ́ ɩ sǝpɑ yoou tɑɑ, ɩlɛ pepe tɔɔ kɛ́ tǝ kɑɑ mǝlǝnɑ Tɑfiiti?
12Ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ wulɑʋ Tɑfiiti nɩɩ tǝ tǝnɑ nti Ɩsɛɣɛlɩ nyǝ́mɑ yɔɣɔtǝɣɩ tɔ. Ɩlɛnɑ ɩ́ tili kɔtǝlɑɑ Sɑtɔkɩ nɑ Apiyɑtɑɑ sɩ pɑ́ pɔɔsɩ Yutɑ nyʋɣʋ nyǝ́mɑ sɩ: Pepe tɔɔ kɛ́ pɑ wɛɛ nɑ pɑ́ niɣitiɣi mɑ mǝlǝnɑʋ tɔm tɑɑ?
13Anɩ mɛɣɛlɛ mɑ yǝlɑɑ nɑ mɑ́ nɑ-mɛ tǝ́ kɑɑ cɑlǝm. Ɩlɛ pepe tɔɔ kɛ́ lɛlɑɑ ŋmɑɑkɩ tɑ tɔɔ?
14Ɩ́ heeli Amɑsɑ tɔtɔ sɩ mɑ́ nɑ-ɩ tǝ kɑɑnɑ cɑlǝm, nɑ ɩnɩ ɩ kɑ lɛɛtǝnɑ Sowɑpɩ lonte tɑɑ nɑ ɩ́ pǝsɩ yoolɑɑ wulɑʋ. Ye pǝ tɑ lɑ mpʋ Ɩsɔ ɩ́ kʋ-m.
15Ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ Tɑfiiti pǝsɑ Yutɑ nyǝ́mɑ tǝnɑ nɑ pɑ́ wɛɛ ɩsɩɩ yʋlʋ kʋlʋm. Ɩlɛnɑ pɛlɛ pɑ́ tili nɑ pɑ́ heelɩ-ɩ sɩ ɩ́ nɑ ɩ nyǝ́mɑ pɑ́ mǝlɩ.
16Ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ wulɑʋ mǝlɑɑ nɑ ɩ́ tɑlɑ Yɑɑtɑnɩ pɔɣɔ. Ɩlɛnɑ Yutɑ nyǝ́mɑ polo Kilikɑɑ nɑ pɑ́ sǝŋɩ-ɩ nɑ pɑ́ tɛsǝnɑ-ɩ Yɑɑtɑnɩ pɔɣɔ.
17Ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ Pɛncɑmɛɛ tʋ Simeyi wei ɩ kɑ́ tʋʋ wulɑʋ nɑ ɩ́ wɛ timpi pɑ yɑɑ sɩ Pɑhulim tɔ, ɩ lɔɣɔ ɩ tɩ nɑ ɩ́ nɑ Yutɑ nyǝ́mɑ pɑ́ polo wulɑʋ Tɑfiiti sǝŋʋɣʋ.
18Ɩ wɑɑlɩ kɑ wɛ Pɛncɑmɛɛ nyǝ́mɑ kɛ yǝlɑɑ iyɑɣɑ (1000) nɑ Sɑyuli tǝmlɛ tʋ Sipɑ, nɑ ɩ pǝyɑlɑɑ nɑɑnʋwɑ nɑ kɑkpɑsɩ, nɑ ɩ tǝmlɛ nyǝ́mɑ kɛ hiu, nɑ pɑ́ tɛsɩ Yɑɑtɑnɩ kɛ wulɑʋ ɩsɛntɑɑ.
19Kpɩɩlʋɣʋ ŋku pɑɑ cɛlɑ wulɑʋ sɩ ɩ tɛsǝnɑ tɔ kʋlɛ kʋ tɔŋnɑ ɩ tǝyɑɣɑ nyǝ́mɑ kɛ tɛsǝnɑʋ. Wɑɑtʋ wei Tɑfiiti cɑɑkɑɣɑ tɛsʋɣʋ, ɩlɛ Simeyi kɔmɑɣɑlɛ nɑ ɩ́ hǝntɩ-ɩ ɑtɛ.
20Nɑ ɩ́ tɔ sɩ: Hɑɩ, tɑ́ cɑɑ wulɑʋ, tɑɑ tɔkɩ ɩsɑɣɑtʋ nti mɑɑ lɑpɑ-ŋ kʋyɑkʋ ŋku n lɩɩkɑɣɑ Yosɑlɛm tɑɑ tɔ. Hɑɩ, kʋ-tǝɣɩ nyɑ́ tɑɑ.
21Mɑ nyǝ́mɑ sɩ mɑ wɑkǝlɑ-ŋ. Pǝ tɔɔ kɛ́ mɑ cɑɑlɑ lɩɩʋ kɛ Yosɛɛfʋ kpekɑ tɑɑ nɑ mɑ́ kɔɔ-ŋ sǝŋʋɣʋ.
22Ntɛnɑ Apisɑyi cɛ Tɑfiiti nɔɣɔ tɔɔ sɩ: Pǝ wɛɛ sɩ pɑ́ kʋ Simeyi kɛ́. Mpi tɔ, ɩ kɑ tǝŋsɑ Tɑcɑɑ kʋlǝsʋ kɛ mpusi.
23Ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ Tɑfiiti pɔɔsɑ Apisɑyi nɑ ɩ tɑɑlʋ Sowɑpɩ sɩ: Mǝ tɔm suwe? Pepe tɔɔ kɛ́ ɩ cɑɑlǝɣɩ-m mpʋ? Mɑ tɑɣɑnɑ Ɩsɛɣɛlɩ kɑwulɑɣɑ tɑɑ kɛ́ mǝlʋɣʋ kɛ́. Ɩlɛ pǝ fɛɩ sɩ pɑ́ kʋ nɔɣɔlʋɣʋ sɑŋɑ.
24Ɩlɛnɑ wulɑʋ heeli Simeyi nɑ tuunɑʋ sɩ: N kɑɑ sɩ.
25Ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ Sɑyuli sɑɑlɩ Mefipɑɑlɩ polɑ wulɑʋ sǝŋʋɣʋ tɔtɔ. Ɩ lɑŋlɛ kɑ wɑkǝlɑ Tɑfiiti sewɑ tɔɔ kɛ́, ɩlɛ ɩ tɑ pɑɑsǝnɑ ɩ nɔɔhɛɛ yɑɑ ɩ tɑntʋɣʋ. Pǝyele ɩ tɑ cɔtɔ ɩ wontu kɛ pǝ kpɑɣɑʋ kʋyɑkʋ ŋku wulɑʋ lɩɩ Yosɑlɛm ɩcɑtɛ tɑɑ nɑ pǝ sɩɩnɑ kʋyɑkʋ ŋku ɩ mǝlɑɑ tɔ.
26Wulɑʋ kɔmɑ, ɩlɛnɑ ɩ́ pɔɔsɩ-ɩ sɩ: Mefipɑɑlɩ, pepe tɔɔ kɛ́ n tɑɑ tǝŋɩ-m?
27Ɩlɛnɑ ɩ́ tɔ sɩ: Hɑɩ, tɑ cɑɑ, mɑ tǝmlɛ tʋ pǝntǝnɑ-m. Mɑ sɩ ɩ́ kpɛɛlɩ-m mɑ kpɑŋɑɣɑ sɩ mɑ kɛ́ ɩcɑm, nɑ mɑ́ cɑɣɑ-kɛ nɑ mɑ́ tǝŋɩ-ŋ.
28Ɩlɛnɑ ɩ́ lɑ-m kɔlǝmɔtɔ kɛ nyɑ́ kiŋ. Nyɑ́ tɩɩ wɛ ɩsɩɩ Ɩsɔ ɩsɔtɑɑ tillu kɛ́, lɑ mpi pǝ wɛ-ŋ teu tɔ.
29Pɔpɔtʋ fɛɩ leleŋ, mɑ cɑɑ tǝyɑɣɑ tǝnɑ mʋnɑ sǝm kɛ́. Pɑɑ nɑ mpʋ n yelɑɑ nɑ mɑ́ wɛɛ nyɑ́ nɑ mpɑ ɩ́ tɔkɩ tɔ pɑ hɛkʋ. Mɑ fɛɩnɑ mpɑɑʋ sɩ mɑ́ pɔɔsɩ nɑtǝlɩ se.
30Mpʋɣʋlɛ wulɑʋ sɩ: N kǝlǝɣɩ yɔɣɔtʋɣʋ. Mɑ tɛmɑ sɩɩʋ sɩ nyɑ́ nɑ Sipɑ ɩ́ kɑ́ tɑlɑ tɛtʋ ɩlɛ.
31Ntɛnɑ Mefipɑɑlɩ sɩ: Sipɑ ɩ tɩɩ kpɑɣɑ pǝ tǝnɑ. Mɑ cɑɑ wulɑʋ n mǝlǝɣɩ nyɑ́ tǝyɑɣɑ tɑɑ ɩlɛ mɑ pɑɑ ye.
32Ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ Kɑlɑɑtɩ tʋ Pɑɑsilɑyi kɔmnɑ Lokelim nɑ ɩ́ sɩɩ wulɑʋ nɑ pɑ́ tɛsɩ Yɑɑtɑnɩ.
33Pɑɑsilɑyi ɩnɩ ɩ pɩɩsɩ kɑ wɛ nɩɩnɑɑsɑ kɛ́. Ɩ kɑ sǝnɑ wulɑʋ kɛ wɑɑtʋ wei ɩ kɑ wɛ Mɑhɑnɑyim tɔɣɔ nɑ tɔɣɔnɑɣɑ. Mpi tɔ, ɩ kɑ wɛnɑ liɣitee kɛ sɔsɔm kɛ́.
34Mpʋɣʋlɛ wulɑʋ tɔmɑ Pɑɑsilɑyi sɩ: Mɑ nɑ-ŋ tǝ polo Yosɑlɛm nɑ mɑ́ tɔɔ-ŋ tǝnɑ.
35Tǝnɑɣɑlɛ Pɑɑsilɑyi pɔɔsɑ wulɑʋ sɩ: Pǝ kɑɑsɑ-m pɩɩsɩ ɩsǝnɑ nɑ mɑ́ sɩ́ nɑ mɑ́ tǝŋǝɣɩ-ŋ Yosɑlɛm?
36Sɑŋɑ tɑɑ, mɑ pɩɩsɩ wɛ nɩɩnɑɑsɑ kɛ́. Mɑɑ pǝsǝɣɩ nɑ mɑ́ nyɩ tɔɣɔnɑɣɑ yɑɑ kʋnyɔnyɔɔm leleŋ. Pǝyele mɑɑ nyǝŋ yonyoolɑɑ ɑpɑlɑɑ nɑ ɑlɑɑ pɑ yontu fɑɣɑʋ. Ɩlɛ pepe tɔɔ kɛ́ mɑɑ kɔɔ nɑ pǝ́ tʋɣʋ-ŋ sǝɣǝlɑ kɛ yem.
37Pepe tɔɔ kɛ́ n lɑkɩ-m kʋpɑntʋ ntɩ tǝ tɑkɑ? Mɑɑ tɑsɑ-ŋ sɩɩʋ nɑ mɑ́ tɛsǝnɑ Yɑɑtɑnɩ.
38Mpi mɑ cɑɑ sɩ ń lɑ-m tɔɣɔlɛ sɩ mɑ́ mǝlɩ nɑ mɑ́ sɩ mɑ ɩcɑtɛ tɑɑ timpi pɑ pimɑ mɑ cɑɑ nɑ mɑ too tɔ. Amɑ kpɑɣɑ mɑ pǝyɑlʋ Kimhɑm nɑ ɩ́ pǝsɩ nyɑ́ nyǝŋ nɑ ń lɑpɩ-ɩ kʋpɑntʋ nti n cɑɑkɩ tɔ.
39Ntɛnɑ wulɑʋ sɩ: Pǝ wɛ teu, Kimhɑm ɩ́ tǝŋɩ-m nɑ ń heeli-m pǝ tǝnɑ mpi n cɑɑnɑ-ɩ tɔ nɑ mɑ́ lɑpɩ-ɩ.
40Tɑfiiti yǝlɑɑ tǝnɑ tɛsɑ Yɑɑtɑnɩ pɔɣɔ, ɩlɛnɑ wulɑʋ nɑ́ɑ́ tɛsɩ nɑ ɩ́ wɑɣɑlɩ Pɑɑsilɑyi nɑ ɩ́ kooli-ɩ kʋpɑntʋ, nɑ ɩ́lɛ́ ɩ mǝlɩ ɩ tɛ.
41Ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ Yutɑ nyǝ́mɑ nɑ Ɩsɛɣɛlɩ hɔɣɔlʋɣʋ sɩɩ wulɑʋ nɑ ɩ́ nɑ ɩ yǝlɑɑ nɑ Kimhɑm pɑ́ tɛɛ.
42Ntɛnɑ Ɩsɛɣɛlɩ nyǝ́mɑ tǝnɑ kotinɑ wulɑʋ nɑ pɑ́ pɔɔsɩ-ɩ sɩ: Pepe tɔɔ kɛ́ tɑ́ tɛɛtʋnɑɑ Yutɑ nyǝ́mɑ ŋmɩɩlɑ nyɑ́ nɑ nyɑ́ yǝlɑɑ nɑ pɑ́ mǝlǝnɑ-mɛ?
43Mpʋɣʋlɛ Yutɑ nyǝ́mɑ tǝnɑ nɑ́ cɔwɑ sɩ: Mpi tɔ, tɑ yʋlʋ kɛ́. Ɩlɛ pepe mɑɣɑmɑɣɑ hɑŋǝɣǝnɑ-mɛɣɛ pǝ tɑɑ? Wulɑʋ tɑ tɔɔ-tʋ. Pǝyele ɩ tɑ hɑ-tʋɣʋ pʋlʋ.
44Tǝnɑɣɑlɛ Ɩsɛɣɛlɩ nyǝ́mɑ cɔwɑ sɩ: Pɑɑ ɩ kɛ́ mǝ nyǝŋ tɔ, tǝ kǝlɑ-mɛɣɛ tɔm nɑɑnʋwɑ. Mpi tɔ, tɑ́ cɑɑlǝnɑ mɑɣɑsʋɣʋ sɩ tɑ́ wulɑʋ ɩ́ mǝlɩ. Ɩlɛ pepe tɔɔ kɛ́ ɩ nyǝnɑ-tʋɣʋ yem kɛ́ mpʋ? Amɑ Yutɑ nyǝ́mɑ nɑ́ holɑɑ nɑ pǝ́ kǝlɩ Ɩsɛɣɛlɩ nyǝ́mɑ.


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Pasɩtɛkɩ
Pasɩtɛkɩ (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai, pɩnaɣ 1916), payaɣ ɖɔɖɔ se melon lɩm, kɔzɩ kɔzɩ Fransɩɩ hɔɔlʊʊ Kanadaa ɛjaɖɛ taa, kɩkɛ ñɩɩyʊʊ tɩŋ, kɩlɩnɛ kukurɩbɩtasɩ tɩmʊʊ lide taa. Kɩ-tɛ Afrika Wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa kiŋ nɛ pahayʊʊ-kʊ sakɩyɛ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ kɩ-pee paɣlaɣ, a-lozi, a-taa mʊtʊ sɛ cɩɩɩ, pʊwɛ ɖɔɖɔ sʊtʊ lɩm tɩyɛ, pɩwɛ tɩŋ hatʊ sɛmɩŋ, pʊhʊlɩmɩ nɛ pɩtaa pee cɩkpenaa wɛ kpɛdɩŋ yaa sɛmɩŋ. Kɩ-tɛ yatʊ wɩlʊʊ kɩ-maɣmaɣ kɩ-wɛtʊ nɛ kɩpɩɣʊʊ lɛ, kɩ-yuŋ maɣna ɛzɩ kilonaa kɩgbanzɩ nɛ nɛɛlɛ hɛkʊʊ taa mbʊ yɔ.
Pʊwɛ se ɛyʊ ɛɖʊ tʊkaɣ pasɩtɛkɩ ŋgʊ pɔtɔkɩ yɔ nɛ sikiri tɛ pasɩtɛkɩ yaa sitire (citre) ŋgʊ paatɔkɩ kpaagba yɔ. Pasɩtɛ ŋgʊ payaɣ se Courge gigérine yaa Courge barbarine Fransɩ nɛ hadɛ kiŋ taa yɔ. Itaalii ɛjaɖɛ taa lɛ, payaɣ-kʊ se anguria yaa cocomero, Turki ɛjaɖɛ taa lɛ, karpuz, Pɔritigaalɩ nɛ Piresiili ajɛyɛ taa lɛ, melancia, sandia kɛ Ɛsɩpaañɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa, watermelon kɛ Ɛnglɩsɩ ɛjaɖɛ yaa ɖɔɖɔ スイカ (suika) Sapɔŋ ɛjaɖɛ taa.
Réunion ɛjaɖɛ tɛ (Ɛndɩ lɩŋgamʊʊ taa Fransɩ kuduyuu tɛ) paya pasɩtɛkɩ se melon. Pɩtɛ yiiduu mbʊ pɩlɩnɛ mbʊ pʊcɔlɔ yɔ se pɩkɛ kajalaɣ taa kɛlɛ tɩŋ piye ndɩ paɖʊ-ɖɩ lɩm hɛkʊ taa ɛjaɖɛ taa pɩtɩŋnɛ Ɛnglɩsɩ mɛlɛ sayaa cɔlɔ kpaɣɖʊ 19 alɩwaatʊ taa. Pasɩtɛkɩ ŋgʊ payaɣ Ɛnglɩsɩ taa se watermelon, lɩm hɛkʊ taa tɛtʊ yɔ mba taatɩɩsɩnda ɖooo canaʊ alɩwaatʊ taa melon tɩtɩŋga lɛ, pɛkpɛndʊʊ payaɣ se pasɩtɛkɩnaa tɩŋnɛ se melon waa. Pʊwayɩ kpanɛ kpaɣɖʊ nɛɛlɛ alɩwaatʊ taa Fransɩ mba yeba nɛ patɩlɩ melon lɛ, yatʊ Fransɩ melon lɛ, petisiɣ. Paa ɛzɩ sɔnɔ yɔɔdaɣ taa yiiduu mbʊ papɩzaɣ pɔñɔɔzɩ-tʊ sakɩyɛ taa kɔyɔ, papɩzɩɣ paɖɩɩnɛ-tʊ nɩɩɩ ɖɔɖɔ Réunion mba tɔm pee kɩpɩnɛɛ taa.


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Kamɩyɛ
Kamɩyɛ kɛna tɩʊ ŋgʊ kʊlʊlʊʊ tɩŋ piye nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ ɖɔɖɔ se kamɩyɛ yɔ. Kamɩyɛ yaa kama wɛ ndɩ ndɩ: naayɛ sɛ kpaʊʊ ɛzɩ leemuu lɩm yɔ nɛ lɛɛna ñahʊlɩma kpalala. Ɛzɩ piye ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, mbʊ ɖɔɖɔ kamɩyɛ hatʊ wɛɛ pɩkɩlɩna alɩwaatʊ ndʊ ɖɩpʊwa yɔ.
Pahayʊ kamɩyɛ tataa nɛ ɖɩlɔkɩ peeɖe ɛzɩ tɩmʊ yɔ. Pʊcɔ nɛ kamɩyɛ lʊlɩ lɛ ɛyʊ ɛnaa ɛpɩzɩɣ ɛtɔ se tɩmʊʊ piye ñɔna. Ɛzɩ tɩŋ pee lɛɛna sakɩyɛ ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, kamɩyɛ tɩʊ nɛ mbʊ kʊlʊlʊʊ yɔ payaɣ pɩtɩŋga mbʊ se kamɩyɛ.
Kamɩyɛ wɛna wɛtʊ ndɩ ndɩ: naayɛ ɖaɣla lɔbɔɔ lɔbɔɔ nɛ lɛɛna wɛ kɔŋgʊlʊm kʊŋgʊlʊm. Kama tomnasɩ wɛ ndɩ ndɩ ɖɔɖɔ: naayɛ saʊ ɛzɩ sʊtʊ lɩm yɔ nɛ lɛɛna tomnasɩ wɛ ɛzɩ tɩŋ hɛtʊ yɔ. Tɩʊ kʊnɛ kɩ-hayʊ fɛyɩ kaɖɛ caaa.
Papɩzʊ pahayɩ-ɛ paale pɩkɩlɩna ɖenɖe mʊzʊŋ wɛɛ yɔ, ɛzɩ saŋ taa mbʊ yɔ. Papɩzʊ pɔtɔɔ kamɩyɛ nɛ lɛŋ yaa patɩzɩ nɛ pɔtɔɔna nʊm yaa pʊsa yaa cambaɣbaɣ. Papɩzʊ poɖoŋgɩ-ɖɩ yaa ɖɔɖɔ paɖʊzɩ nʊm taa. Kamɩyɛ lɩʊ sɔzɩŋ camɩyɛ. Palakɩ kamɩyɛ tɛ pɛtɛpɛtɛ papɩzʊ paɖʊ nandʊ kuɖoŋgɩtʊ yaa lɩm ñɩndʊ yaa waagasɩ.


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Laŋhɩzɩyɛ
Laŋhɩzɩyɛ, tɔmʊʊ ŋgʊ paya kɩ-hɩɖɛ pɩwɩlɩɣ se ɖiɣɖiɣ caɣʊ wɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ ñaŋga ñaŋga fɛyɩ, ɖama kʊyɩnaʊ fɛyɩ, you fɛyɩ nɛ ɖɔɖɔ tɔm fɛyɩ. Pɩwɩlɩɣ se samaɣ hɛkʊ taa nɩnaʊ wɛɛ nɛ politiki wɛ ɖɔɖɔ camɩyɛ. Ehoye ɖɔkʊ ɖɩ-nɔɔ yɔɔ Olivier piliŋga mbʊ wɩlɩɣna se laŋhɩzɩyɛ wɛɛ.
Samaɣ ɛsɩnda nɛ kɛ-tɛ paɣtʊ taa lɛ, laŋhɩzɩyɛ tɔmpiye wɩlɩɣ ɛzɩma nɩnaʊ wɛɛ ɛyaa hɛkʊ taa yaa samaɣ hɛkʊ taa kɛ ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ taa yɔ. Ɛlɛ pɩɩcoɖuu se paayou, ɛlɛ panɩna ɖama camɩyɛ ɖiɣɖiɣ nɛ paayeki se natʊyʊ ɛkɔɔ pɩcaɣ pɔ-yɔɔ ɖama hɛkɩŋ taa pɩtɩŋna kajalaɣ taa lɛ, ɖama yɔɔdɩnaʊ. Pɩlɩna pʊyɔɔ lɛ, laŋhɛzɩyɛ kɛ ajɛyɛ hɛkɩŋ taa kɛ ɛyaa sakɩyɛ lɩmaɣza nɛ aŋgba ndɩ ndɩ ɛzɩ ONU ŋgbɛyɛ ŋgʊ kɩlʊkɩ se laŋhɛzɩyɛ ɛwɛɛ paale ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩ-taa.
Ɛyʊ fetenum taa lɛ, laŋhɛzɩyɛ kɛ maɣzɩm taa mbʊ pɩwɛ kpayɩ kpayɩ yɔ pɩkɛ tɩ ɖɔkʊ pɩyʊ nɛ pɩtasɩ lɛ, leleŋ wɛtʊ nɛ camɩyɛ hɛɛɛ wɛtʊ. Pɩkɛ pɩyʊ mbʊ pɩwɛ ɛyʊ taa yɔ nɛ lɛlʊ yɔ, nɛ pɩkɛ ñʊʊ yabɩtʊ pɩyʊ mbʊ pɩha ɖoŋ se ɖɩpɩzɩɣ ɖɩsɛʊ ɖama Pax vobis Latɛŋ kʊnʊŋ taa, tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊ, Arabɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ, salaam, shalom Hɛbra kʊnʊŋ taa) yaa fezuu caɣʊ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ. Laŋhɛzɩyɛ yɔɔdɩtʊ nɛ ɛpaɖaɣ (you, ñaŋga ñaŋga laɣsɩ, tɔm, pana ŋgbaɣ nɖɛɛ mbʊ yɔ) kɛnɛ kɔɔnaɣ laɣsɩ nzɩ sɩtɩna Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ aŋgba ndɩ ndɩ nɛ politiki naa sakɩyɛ lɩmaɣza.
Wayi wayi pɩnzɩ sɩ-nɛ sɩ-taa, patʊlɩ laŋhɛzɩyɛ sukuli kɩtɛzɩŋ ɛzɩ ONU laŋhɛzɩyɛ sukuli Costa Rica (UPEACE), Brasilia sukuli kɩtɛzɩɣ (UNIPAZ) yaa Namur sukuli kɩtɛzɩɣ, kedeŋga kpeekpe samaɣ laŋhɛzɩyɛ tʊmɩyɛ ɖɩlaɖɛ Verdun.
Aŋgba sakɩyɛ ñɔɔ ajɛyɛ taa paale. Kpaɣ ɛzɩ Fransɩɩ mbʊ yɔ laŋhɛzɩyɛ ŋgbɛyɛ ñɔɔ pɩnaɣ 1948 lɛlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 22 taa. Ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ kɛnɛ kajalaɣ ONG Fransɩɩ taa, nɖɩ ɖɩhɛzɩɣ tɔm naa yɔ nɛ ɖiwiziɣ naa evebiyaa yɔɔ kɛnɛ. Hendu teyaa sakɩyɛ kpaɣ patɩ ɖɔɖɔ nɛ pɛcɛlɛ laŋhɛzɩyɛ tɔmʊʊ pɩlɩna pa-laɣsɩ nɛ pa-tʊma ɛzɩ Pablo Picasso nɛ ɛ-laŋhɛzɩyɛ ehoye, John Lennon nɛ ɛ-hendu ndʊ lɛ, maɣzɩ, yaa Carl Fredrik Reuterswärd nɛ ɛ-tɛ sɩɣkpeɣleɣ ŋga pasɩ Niyuu Yɔrɩkɩ ONU kuduyuu nɔnɔɔ taa mbʊ yɔ.


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Laʋ
Tɩŋ sɔsɔŋ ndɩ ndɩ nɛ tɩŋ kɩmaɣnaŋ nɛ tɩŋ cikpeŋ pɛkpɛndɩɣ nɛ pɛwɛɛ hɔɔlʋʋ kɩwalʋʋ nakʋyʋ yɔɔ nɛ payaa se laʋ. Laŋ sɔsɔŋ wɛɛ nɛ laŋ cikpeŋ ñɛwɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ.
Laʋ kɛ ñɩm sɔsɔm ɛyʋ wezuu caɣʋ taa. Ɛyʋ pɩzɩɣ ɛcaɣ wezuu laʋ taa. Ɛyaa paɣzɩ caɣʋ laŋ taa kpaɣ ɖooo kpaɖʋʋ nɩɩlɛ ñɩŋʋ taa. Ɛyaa ɛzɩ miiliyɔɔ waa taŋa mbʋ yɔ, halɩ pɩɖɛɛ pʋ-yɔɔ kaca laŋ taa. Halɩ nɛ sɔnɔ mbʋ yɔ, ɛyaa ɛzɩ miiliyɔɔ waa mɩnʋʋ nɛ nɩɩnʋwa caɣ laŋ taa.
Awayɩ kpɩna sɔsɔna nɛ cikpena nɛ sumasɩ sɔsɔsɩ nɛ cikpesi pɛwɛ laŋ taa. Laŋ sɔsɔŋ taa tuŋ nɛ tɔɔyɩŋ nɛ tudusi nɛ awayɩ naŋ nɛ kpoŋ nɛ awayɩ kpɩna sɔsɔna lɛɛna pacakɩ wezuu. Ɖɩnaɣ ɖɔɖɔ awayɩ kpɩna kɩmaɣna ɛzɩ namɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ nɛ ahuwa ndɩ ndɩ nɛ tɩkpayɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ. Awayɩ kpɩna cikpena wena ɖɩpɩzɩɣ ɖɩna laŋ taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, a-taa naayɛ hɩla yɔ : kozonzi nɛ puda naa nɛ fɔɔ naa nɛ yuŋ nɛ awayɩ kpɩna cikpena lɛɛna.
Sumasɩ sɔsɔsɩ ndɩ ndɩ nɛ sumasɩ kɩmaɣnasɩ nɛ sumasɩ cikpesi kudokiŋ ɛgbɔŋ ɛgbɔŋ cakɩ wezuu laŋ taa. Sumasɩ sɔsɔsɩ taa lɛ, ɖɩnaɣ tataa naa. Sumasɩ kɩmaɣnasɩ taa lɛ, ɖɩnaɣ makɩyɛ naa ndɩ ndɩ nɛ atenda ndɩ ndɩ nɛ kpeliŋ ndɩ ndɩ nɛ awayɩ suŋ nɛ lesi ajalɩ kɔkɔ naa nɛ hoomataŋ ndɩ ndɩ nɛ kpɩɩtɔlɩ naa nɛ abɛntɛ naa ndɩ ndɩ akpaŋnaŋcaʋ waa.
Sumasɩ cikpesi taa lɛ, ɖɩnaɣ pɩtɛɛyɩsɩ ndɩ ndɩ nɛ ahowa ndɩ ndɩ nɛ kpɛŋkpɛsɩ ndɩ ndɩ nɛ awayɩ halɩkuku naa ndɩ ndɩ nɛ kʋdɔkɔyɩŋ nɛ atɛwa ndɩ ndɩ nɛ pɩɩdʋ naa ndɩ ndɩ nɛ hɩmcɩʋcɩʋ naa ndɩ ndɩ.
Ɖʋma sɔsaa ndɩ ndɩ nɛ ɖʋma cikpema ndɩ ndɩ wɛ laŋ taa ɖɔɖɔ.
Kayɩmasɩ sɔsɔsɩ nɛ kayɩmasɩ cikpesi wɛ ɖɔɖɔ laŋ taa.
Ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ lɩm taa wondu ndɩ ndɩ paɣtʋ yɔ, mbʋ laŋ taa wondu lakɩ. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se kpɩna wena akɩlɩ ɖoŋ yɔ, atɔkɩ kpɩna wena alɛ fɛyɩ ɖoŋ yɔ nɛ apɩzɩ acaɣ wezuu.


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1Wɑɑtʋ wei Akɑpɩ sǝpɑ, ɩlɛnɑ Mowɑpʋ nyǝ́mɑ kisi sɩ Ɩsɛɣɛlɩ nyǝ́mɑ ɩ́ tɑɑ tɑsɑ kɑwulɑɣɑ tɔɣɔʋ kɛ pɑ tɔɔ.
2Ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ kʋyɑkʋ nɑkʋlɩ, wulɑʋ Ahɑsiyɑ lɩɩ ɩ kɑwulɑɣɑ ɑtɛ nɑ ɩsɔ kutuluɣu nyʋɣʋ tɑɑ, nɑ ɩ́ hoti nɑ pǝ́ kʋ-ɩ sɔsɔm. Ɩlɛnɑ ɩ́ tili sɩ: Ɩ́ polo ɩ́ yɑɑ Ɩkoloŋ nyǝ́mɑ tʋɣʋ Pɑɑlɩ-Sepu. Ɩ́ pɔɔsɩ-kʋ sɩ mɑɑ sɩ yɑɑ mɑɑ kʋlɩ?
3Ntɛnɑ Tɑcɑɑ ɩsɔtɑɑ tillu nɔɣɔlʋ ɩ kʋsɩ Ilii sɩ: Polo nɑ ń pɔɔsɩ wulɑʋ tillɑɑ mpɛ sɩ, ɩsɩɩ Ɩsɛɣɛlɩ Ɩsɔ fɛɩ kɛlɛ nɑ ɩ́ puki Ɩkoloŋ nyǝ́mɑ tʋɣʋ kɛ pɔɔsʋɣʋ nɑ?
4Pǝ tɔɔ, ɩsɩɩ wulɑʋ sǝpɑ, ɩ kɑɑ kʋlɩ. Ɩlɛnɑ Ilii nɑ́ɑ́ polo ɩsɩɩ Tɑcɑɑ kʋsʋɣʋ-ɩ tɔ.
5Ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ tillɑɑ mǝlɑ kpɑkpɑɑ. Ɩlɛnɑ wulɑʋ pɔɔsɩ-wɛ sɩ: Ɩ́ mǝlɑɑ suwe?
6Ntɛnɑ pɛlɛ sɩ: Apɑlʋ nɔɣɔlʋ ɩ kɑtǝnɑ-tʋ sɩ, tǝ́ mǝlɩ nɑ tǝ́ heeli-ŋ sɩ Tɑcɑɑ pɔɔsǝɣɩ-ŋ sɩ: Ɩsɩɩ Ɩsɛɣɛlɩ Ɩsɔ fɛɩ kɛlɛ nɑ ń puki Ɩkoloŋ nyǝ́mɑ tʋɣʋ kɛ pɔɔsʋɣʋ nɑ? Pǝ tɔɔ tɔ, ɩsɩɩ n sǝpɑ n kɑɑ kʋlɩ.
7Kɛlɛnɑ wulɑʋ sɩ: Apɑlʋ wei ɩ heelɑ-mɛɣɛ tɔm ntɩ tɔ, ɩsǝnɑ tɔɔ kɛ́ ɩ wɛɛ?
8Ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ tillɑɑ mpɛ sɩ: Yooyoonɑɑ hʋntʋ toko kɛ ɩ suuwɑ, nɑ ɩ́ lǝlɑ tɑmpɑlɑ kɛ ɩ tǝnɑɣɑ tɑɑ. Ntɛnɑ wulɑʋ mɑ kɑpukɑ sɩ: Hei, Ɩsɔ kʋyɔɣɔtʋtʋ tɛlǝsʋlʋ Ilii kɛ́.
9Mpʋɣʋlɛ wulɑʋ kʋsɑ yoolɑɑ nɩɩlɛ nɑ nɑɑnʋwɑ, nɑ pɑ nyʋɣʋ tʋ sɩ: Ɩ́ kpɑ hɑtoo pʋɣʋ nyʋɣʋ tɑɑ, timpi Ilii kɑ wɛɛ tɔ, nɑ ɩ́ kpɑ-ɩ. Pɛlɛ pɑ tɑlɑ ɩ kiŋ, ɩlɛnɑ pɑ nyʋɣʋ tʋ tɔ sɩ: Ɩsɔ kʋyɔɣɔtʋtʋ tɛlǝsʋlʋ yoou, wulɑʋ sɩ ń tii lɔŋ.
10Ntɛnɑ Ilii sɩ: Timpi mɑ kɛ́ Ɩsɔ kʋyɔɣɔtʋtʋ tɛlǝsʋlʋ tɔ, mɑ sǝlǝmǝɣɩ sɩ, kɔkɔ ɩ́ lɩɩnɑ ɩsɔtɑɑ, nɑ kɑ́ nyɑɣɑ nyɑnɑ nyɑ́ yoolɑɑ. Ɩlɛnɑ kɔkɔ tiinɑ ɩsɔ, nɑ kɑ́ nyɑɣɑ-wɛ.
11Ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ wulɑʋ tɑsɑ kʋsʋɣʋ kɛ yoolɑɑ lɛlɑɑ nɩɩlɛ nɑ nɑɑnʋwɑ, nɑ pɑ nyʋɣʋ tʋ sɩ: Ɩ́ polo Ilii wɑɑlɩ. Ɩlɛnɑ nyʋɣʋ tʋ tɔmɩ-ɩ sɩ: Ɩsɔ kʋyɔɣɔtʋtʋ tɛlǝsʋlʋ yoou, wulɑʋ sɩ ń tii lɔŋ tǝcɑʋ.
12Ntɛnɑ Ilii sɩ: Timpi mɑ kɛ́ Ɩsɔ kʋyɔɣɔtʋtʋ tɛlǝsʋlʋ tɔ, mɑ sǝlǝmǝɣɩ sɩ kɔkɔ ɩ́ lɩɩnɑ ɩsɔtɑɑ, nɑ kɑ́ nyɑɣɑ nyɑnɑ nyɑ́ yoolɑɑ. Ɩlɛnɑ Ɩsɔ tisi kɔkɔ kɛ kpɑkpɑɑ, nɑ kɑ́ nyɑɣɑ-wɛ.
13Ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ wulɑʋ tɑsɑ yoolɑɑ nɩɩlɛ nɑ nɑɑnʋwɑ kʋsʋɣʋ kɛ tɔm tooso nyǝm, nɑ pɑ nyʋɣʋ tʋ. Nyʋɣʋ tʋ tɑlɑ Ilii kiŋ, ɩlɛnɑ ɩ luŋ ɑkulɑ nɑ ɩ́ wiinɑ-ɩ sɩ: Hɑɩ, Ɩsɔ kʋyɔɣɔtʋtʋ tɛlǝsʋlʋ, kenti mɑ́ nɑ mɑ yǝlɑɑ tɑ tɔɔ.
14Mɑ nyǝmɑ́ sɩ kɔkɔ lɩɩnɑ ɩsɔtɑɑ nɑ kɑ́ nyɑɣɑ yoolɑɑ kɑncɑɑlɑɣɑ nyǝ́mɑ nɑ pɑ nyʋɣʋ nyǝ́mɑ nɑɑlɛ. Ɩlɛ hɑɩ, tɑɑ kɔnɑ tɑɣɑ mpusi ɩnɩ.
15Ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ Ɩsɔ ɩsɔtɑɑ tillu heelɑ Ilii sɩ: Tǝŋ-wɛ, tɑɑ nyɑ́. Ɩlɛnɑ Ilii tǝŋ-wɛ nɑ ɩ́ tii.
16Nɑ ɩ́ tɔ wulɑʋ sɩ: Tɑcɑɑ yɔɣɔtɑɑ sɩ, timpi n kʋsɑ tillɑɑ sɩ, pɑ́ polo pɑ́ pɔɔsɩ Ɩkoloŋ nyǝ́mɑ tʋɣʋ Pɑɑlɩ-Sepu kɛ tɔm, ɩsɩɩ Ɩsɔ fɛɩ Ɩsɛɣɛlɩ tɑɑ tɔ, n kɑɑ kʋlɩ, ɩsɩɩ n sǝpɑ.
17Ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ Ahɑsiyɑ sǝpɑ tɑmpɑnɑ ɩsɩɩ Tɑcɑɑ kɑ heeluɣu Ilii tɔ. Amɑ ɩ tɑɑ fɛɩnɑ ɑpɑlʋpǝyɑɣɑ. Ɩlɛnɑ ɩ neu Solɑm lɛɛtɩ ɩ lonte. Yutɑ wulɑʋ Sosɑfɑtɩ pǝyɑlʋ Solɑm kɑwulɑɣɑ pǝnɑɣɑ nɑɑlɛ nyǝŋkɑ tɑɑ kɛlɛ.
18Pɑ kɛɛsɑ wulɑʋ Ahɑsiyɑ tɔm lɛntǝnɑɑ tǝnɑɣɑ Ɩsɛɣɛlɩ ɑwulɑɑ tɑkǝlɑɣɑ tɑɑ.


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Tɛʋ ɖɔmbɩyɛ
Tɛʋ ɖɔmbɩyɛ kɛna tomnaɣ nakɛyɛ. Pɩtɛ tomnaɣ ŋga, papɩzʋ pamaɣzɩ kɛ nɛ tɛʋ nɩʋ kɛ ɛsɔkaɣ alɩwaatʋ natʋyʋ taa. Tɛʋ ɖɔmbɩyɛ anɛ, awɛ ɛzɩ-ɩ ɖomba wena awɛ kulukulu tɩyɛ yɔ. Akɛ lɩm ɖomba wena awɛna, lɔɔ nɛ a-ɖalakɩŋ taa maɣna ɛzɩ-ɩ milimɛtrɩnaa kagbanzɩ (5) nɛ pɩsɩɩna hiŋ kagbanzɩ kɛ mbʋ yɔ.
Tɛʋ ɖɔmbɩyɛ tɛ aguda METAR kɛ GR. GR ŋgʋ patalɩʋna n̄ata size tɛʋ ɖɔmbɩyɛtɔm paca n̄ɔdʋʋ. Tɛʋ ɖɔmbɩyɛ anɛ, lona nayɛ taa kpem kɛ akɩla tɔʋʋ yaa wɛʋ. Pɩtɛ lona ana, anaɣ payaɣ size kumulonimbusi.
Mɩndʋ sɔsɔtʋ natʋyʋ walʋʋ siŋŋ kɛ tibu yɔɔ nɛ ɛsɔdaa kiŋ. Pɩtɛ alɩwaatʋ ndʋ tɩ-taa lɛ, paa pɩla ɛzɩmaɣ yɔ, tɛʋ ɖɔmbɩyɛ caɣna talɩʋ kɛlɛ mbɩ yɔ. Pɩtɛ lakasɩ nzɩ, sɩlɩna heɣlim fɛtʋʋ cɔlɔ nɛ ɛzɩma ɛnʋʋ sɩzɩ-ɩ, nikaɣ kpaɣ ɖoŋ kpaʋ yɔɔ yɔ. Peeɖe piniidiu tɛtʋ niuniu nɛ pɩpazɩ hɔkʋʋ tɛʋ ɖomba.
Tɛʋ ɖomba tɛ ɖombiye kʋɖʋmɖɩyɛ tɔlʋʋ lɛ, ɖɩcaɣ kpagbaɣ kɛ mbʋ payaɣna kumulonimbusi yɔ. Peeɖe ɖɩpaɣzʋʋ n̄ɔlʋʋ kakaa nɛ pɩkɔ pɩtalɩ soŋga yaa miŋ saʋʋ (température) kpɛɖɛ kʋkʋyɩmɩŋ taa (zéro dégré). Waaa tɛʋ ɖomba tɔlʋʋ tɛtʋ yɔɔ lɛ, aleɖu tɔɖɔɔ. An̄ɔlʋʋ lɔŋ, a-tɛ alɩwaatʋ size pɩcɔ an̄ɔlɩ tɔɖɔɔ.
Pɩtɛ tɛʋ ɖomba ana, a-tɛ walanzɩ ɖɩtalɩyɛ wɛna kamaɣ. Pɩtɛ tomnaɣ ɛɛtalʋʋ polinda, pɩn̄ɔlʋʋ pɩcɔlɔ peeɖe. Tɛʋ sɔsɔʋ ɛnɩwa siŋŋ kɔyɔ, tɛʋ ɖomba anɛ, apɩzʋʋ atii aɖɔɔ nɛ ahuzi egeetiye yaa tɛtʋ hɛkʋ hɔɔlʋʋ sɔsɔʋ nakʋyʋ. Nikaɣ alɩwaatʋ taa kɛ pakɩlʋʋ naʋ tɛʋ ɖomba ana. Nikaɣ lakɩ nɛ alakɩ nɛ aɖɔʋ siŋŋ kɛ tɛtʋ yɔ.


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Tayi Kʋnʋŋ
Tayi kɛna Tayi kadayi pɩlʊʊ taa kʊnʊŋ nakʊyʊ ŋgʊ pɔyɔɔdʊ Tayilandi ɛjaɖɛ taa yɔ. Kʊnʊŋ pawɩlʊ sukulinaa taa nɛ pɔyɔɔdʊ komina tʊma taa. Tayilandi ɛjaɖɛ taa lɛ mba payaɣ-wɛ se Tayi Siyamua yɔ pɛwɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-hɛkʊ taa nɛ pawɛ ɛzɩ ɛyaa miliyɔoɔnaa nɛɛlɛ nɛ nɛɛlɛ nɛ kakpanzɩ pɛ-hɛkʊ taa yɔ.
Mba wɛna kewiyaɣ yɔɔ nɛ mba kpaɣna pakʊnʊŋ nɛ paɖʊ se ŋgʊ pʊwɛ se pawɩlɩ sukulinaa taa nɛ pɔyɔɔdɩ komina taa nɛ pamaɣ-kʊ ɖɔɖɔ aseɣla tɔm heyu takayɩsɩ taa. Ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa lɛ pɔyɔɔdʊ kʊnʊmɩŋ lɛɛŋ ɖɔɖɔ nɛ ɩ-daa kɔyɔ: Isaŋ, Muwaŋ, Pak tayi. Ɛjaɖɩ nɖɩ ɖɩ tɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩ-lɩkyɛ nɛ hayʊ kiŋ kɛ pɔyɔɔdʊ-kʊ nɛ mba pɔyɔɔdʊ -kʊ pɛwɛ ɛyaa ɛzɩ miliyɔɔna 15 nɛ 20 pa-taapiyele nɛ muwaŋ lɛ Tayilandi nɛ hayʊ kɩŋ pɔyɔɔdʊ-kʊ nɛ hɔɔlʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa pʊŋ kɩlɩna wɛʊ.


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Pɩɣyɩyaa lɩmaɣzɩyɛ tɩnaa
Pɩɣyɩyaa lɩmaɣzɩyɛ tɩnaa, pɩkɛ Krɩstʊ piliŋa nakayɛ ka nɛ katoliki lɩmaɣzɩyɛ tɩnaa nɛ siuu siuu samaɣ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ tɩnaa. Walaa nɩɣ taa yaa ɛyaa sakɩyɛ nɩɣ taa lɛ, pɩkɛ ɛyaa sakɩyɛ mba pɛkɛ lɛɛzɩyaa nɛ pekiziɣ papa kewiyitu tɔm yɔ.
Lɛɛzɩtʊ lɩna ɛzɩma katoliki cejewiye lɩza paɣtʊ naa kɩfatʊ kpaɣ hɛkʊ taa alɩwaatʊ (ŋgʊ ɖɩcɔna kɔyɔ Rome paɣtʊ ndʊ tɩlɩna pɩlɩna kedizaɣ hiŋ naatozo ŋga lɩmaɣza tɛ). Lɛɛzɩtʊ lɩɩ pɩtɩŋna Ɛsɔ tɔm kpɛlɛkɩtʊ ɛyaa nabayɛ yɔɔ ɛzɩ Martin Luther, Ulrich Zwingli, Jean Calvin, Sébastien Castellion, nɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɛyaa sakɩyɛ cɔlɔ. Pierre Valdo, John Wyclif, Jan Hus, Lefèvre Etaples tʊ, ɛyaa mba pawɩlɩna lɛɛzɩtʊ tɔm.
Patɩla pɩɣyɩyaa lɩmaɣzɩyɛ tɩnaa pa-tʊmɩyɛ pazɩyɛ alɩwaatʊ nɛ pawɩlɩɣ se tɩkpaɣ nɛ aloma fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 31 pɩnaɣ 1517, Caama maacɔ Augustin nɛ ɖɔkɔtɔ Ɛsɔ Tɔm kpɛlɛkɩyʊ Martin Luther susi lɩmaɣza tɔm 95 ndʊ tɩwɩlɩɣ ɛzɩma Roma katoliki cejewiye pɛda paɣtʊ yɔ, nɛ pɔtɔŋ yeke koŋ Ɛsɔ Tɔm Takayaɣ tɩna tisuu lɩmaɣza. Saxe Jean Fréderic wɛɛ ɖoŋ tɔm ndʊ tɩ yɔɔ (pɩnzɩ 1503-1554), kɛlɛ Luther ñɔtɩ miŋ Domine paɣtʊ takayaɣ kɛlɛ pɛkpɛdɛsɩ-ɩ halɩ peyebi-ɩ Ɛsɔ tɔɔnaɣ cɛlʊʊ pɩnaɣ 1520.
Pɩnaɣ 1521 kaakɛna pɩnaɣ ɖoŋ ñɩŋa, kɔlaɣ fenaɣ taa Martin Luther Worms ɛyaa sakɩyɛ ɛsɩndaa, Luther kizi se ɛɛpɩna ɛ-tɩ, se koŋ Ɛsɔ Tɔm Takayaɣ tɛ yeke eluŋuu nɛ ɛ-maɣmaɣ ɛ-maɣzɩm lakɩ-ɩ tʊmɩyɛ, pɩtɛkɛ ɛ-kɩkpaɖaa tɔm lakɩna-ɩ tʊmɩyɛ kɛlɛ pekizina-ɩ Ɛsɔ Tɔɔnaɣ.


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Bahaullah
Palʊlɩ ɛyʊ weyi payaɣ se Mīrzā Ḥusayn-ʿAlī Nūrī yɔ kamɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ hiu nɛ naalɛ n̄ɩŋgʊ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1817 n̄ɩŋga taa. Palʊla-ɩ Iranɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa, Teheeraanɩ tɛtʊ taa. Ɛsɩba agoza fenaɣ kɩyakʊ nɩɩlɛ nɛ nakʊ n̄ɩŋgʊ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1892 n̄ɩŋga taa. Ɛsɩba Izrɛɛlɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa, Aakrɩ tɛtʊ taa. Mīrzā Ḥusayn-ʿAlī Nūrī kɛ Ɛsɔ lɔɔyaɣ tʊ nɔɔyʊ. Pakʊma-ɩ hɩɖɛ ɛ-tɛ Iiraanɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa se Bahāʾ-Allāh. Hɩɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-tɔbʊʊ lɛ se Ɛsɔ Ɖoŋ yaa Ɛsɔ n̄alɩmɩyɛ.
Bahāʾ-Allāh tɔŋ se ɛnʊʊ lɛ, Ɛsɔ lɔɔyaɣ tʊ kpaagbaa n̄ɩnʊ weyi Ɛsɔ tiyi kedeŋa yɔɔ yɔ. Ɛɔŋ se Ɛsɔ lɔɔyasɩ tɩnaa sʊsaa panɛ : Krishna nɛ Abrɩham nɛ Moïse, Bouddha nɛ Zoroastre nɛ Yeesu nɛ Muḥammad pa-wayɩ lɛ, ɛnʊ wɛna. Se ɛnʊʊ lɛ Ɛsɔ wɛtʊ yeli kedeŋa yɔɔ. Ɛyɔɔdɩ se kedeŋa kpeekpe ɛyaa kaɣ kpɛndʊʊ nɛ pɛkɛ ɛyaa kʊɖʊmaa. Se pakaɣ kpɛndʊʊ nɛ pala sɔnzɩ kʊɖʊmasɩ. Ɛyɔɔdɩ ɖɔɖɔ se ɛ-tɔm ɖooo lɔŋdaa Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ aŋgba kpeekpe kosusaa. Se ɛ-tɔm posusaɣ ɖooo lɔŋ se ɛkaɣ kɔm kɛdɛzaɣ alɩwaatʊ taa nɛ eyele nɛ siɣsiɣ tɔm wɛɛ kedeŋa yɔɔ nɛ ɛyaa tɩŋa wɛɛ laŋhʊlʊmɩyɛ nɛ laŋhɛzɩyɛ pa-taa yem fɛɛɛ.
Ɛɛkɛ weyi payaɣ se Bāb yɔ ɛ-wayɩ tɩŋɩyʊ pɩnaɣ 1819 nɛ puwolo pɩsɩɩna pɩnaɣ 1850 n̄ɩŋga taa. Bāb n̄ɔtɔŋaɣ se ɛkɛ weyi ɛkʊyʊʊ ɛsɔdaa yɔ. Patasaɣ-ɩ yaʊ ɖɔɖɔ se Imam Caché yaa Al-Mahdī, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se weyi pʊwɩla-ɩ nʊmɔʊ kɩbaŋʊ siŋŋ yɔ. Se ɛ-tɔm Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se Izilaam yɔ, ɖisusaɣ. Se ɛnʊʊ Malɩŋ kaɖaŋaa se ɛkɔɔ nɛ pʊcɔ Tɔm Hʊʊ Kpaagbaa Evemiye talɩ


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Wɩsɩ siɣʊʊ
Wɩsɩ siɣʊʊ kɛna alɩwaatʊ taa alɩwaayʊʊ nakʊyʊ. Evemiye taa ñɩɩtʊ 12 makɩ lɛ, pɔtɔŋ se wɩsɩ siɣaa. Ɛlɛ siŋŋŋ taa lɛ, yee pakpakɩɣ evemiye tɛʊ feŋguu yɔɔ yɔ, evemiye paɣzʊʊna tɛbɩyɛ nɛ piwolo pɩsɩɩna wɩsɩ ɖʊʊ. Pʊtɔbʊʊ se pɛtɛyɩ evemiye kɛ nabʊlɛ taa: wɩsɩ taa nɛ ɖoo taa nɛ wɩsɩ siki lɛ pɩlaba evemiye tɛyɩ hɛkʊ nɛ hɛkʊ siŋŋŋ kɛlɛ. Ɛlɛ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ pakɩlʊ kpaɣʊ se wɩsɩ siɣuu yɔ, ndʊ lɛ kpaɣ ñɩɩtʊ 12 nɛ pɩsɩɩna ñɩɩtʊ 14 yɔɔ.
Ɛzɩma kɛteŋa kpeekpe ajɛya fɛyɩna afema kʊɖʊma nɛ pɩlɩɩna paa ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ lɛ ɖi-lone taa nɛ pɩtasɩ pɩlɩɩna alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɩtalʊʊ ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, wɩsɩ eesiki paa le lɛ ñɩɩtʊ 12 yɔɔ. Kabɩyɛ-tʊ paaɣza wɩsɩ siɣuu kɛ yaʊ se miidii.


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ÑƲƲ 72
Yesu tiyi ɛ-tɔmkpɛlɩkɩyaa 70 se powolo posusi tɔm
YESU LƖZƖ Ɛ-TƆMKPƐLƖKƖYAA 70 NƐ ETIYI-WƐ SE POWOLO POSUSI TƆM
Pɩnaɣ 32 caɣ tɛm, nɛ pɩlakɩ ɛzɩ pɩnzɩ naadozo yɔ, pamɩyɩsʋʋ Yesu lɩm yɔ. Pitileɖi yɔ, ɛ nɛ ɛ-tɔmkpɛlɩkɩyaa paawobu kizinzikiŋ kazandʋ taa Yerusalɛm yɔ. Paa pɩɩla ɛzɩma, patɩlɩtɩ egeetiye nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa. (Luka 10:38; Yohanɛɛsɩ 11:1) Toovenim lɛ, fenasɩ loɖo nzɩ sɩkazaa yɔ, sɩ-taa Yesu kaɣ kpaɣʋ alɩwaatʋ sakɩyɛ nɛ esusuni tɔm siŋŋ Yudee egeetiye taa nɛ Pereya egeetiye nɖɩ ɖɩɩwɛnɩ Yɔɔrdaŋ Pɔɔ nɛ wayɩ yɔ, ɖɩ-taa. Pɩɩcɛyaa se esusi tɔm ageeta ana a-taa.
Yesu kaakpaɣ fenasɩ cabɩ nɛ esusuni tɔm Yudee nɛ Samaarɩɩ ageeta taa, alɩwaatʋ ndʋ pɔtɔɔ pɩnaɣ 30 tɛ Paska kazandʋ nɛ pɛtɛ yɔ. Pɩkɔm pɩnaɣ 31 tɛ Paska kazandʋ tɔɔʋ alɩwaatʋ taa lɛ, Yuda ñɩma mba paawɛ Yerusalɛm yɔ, pañɩnaɣ se pakʋ-ɩ. Pʋyɔɔ ɛkpaɣ pɩnaɣ nɛ hɔɔlʋʋ nɛ esusuni tɔm Galilee egeetiye nɖɩ ɖɩɩwɛnɩ hayo kiŋ yɔ, ɖɩ-taa. Piyeba nɛ ɛyaa sakɩyɛ pɩsɩ ɛ-tɔmkpɛlɩkɩyaa. Galilee peeɖe Yesu falɩsɩ ɛ-apostoloowaa nɛ etiyi-wɛ se powolo posusi tɔm nɛ eheyi-wɛ ɖɔɖɔ ndʋ pɔyɔɔdɩ yɔ se: “Ɩɖɔmnɩ susuu se ɛsɔdaa Kewiyaɣ talaa.” (Maatiyee 10:5-7) Lɛɛlɛɛyɔ lɛ, ɛcaɣ se pala tɔm susuu tʋmɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɔɖɔ Yudee egeetiye taa.
Ɛpaɣzɩ tʋmɩyɛ peeɖe lɛ, ɛtayɩ ɛ-tɔmkpɛlɩkɩyaa 70 naalɛ naalɛ nɛ eheyi-wɛ se powolo posusi tɔm. Pɩwɩlɩɣ se Kewiyaɣ tɔm susuyaa tindima 35 etiyaa se powolo nɛ pala tʋmɩyɛ egeetiye nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa “mɩla sɛwa nɛ a-kʋnɖaa tɩɖɔɔ” yɔ. (Luka 10:2) Pɩɩwɛɛ se pɛɖɛɛ nɔɔ nɛ powolo lona wena a-taa Yesu kaɣ ɖɔɖɔ wobu yɔ. Pɩwɛɛ se ɛ-tɔmkpɛlɩkɩyaa 70 waa mba, pawaa kʋdɔndɩnaa nɛ posusi Kewiyaɣ tɔm ndʋ Yesu kaawɛɛ nɛ esusuu yɔ.
Pɩtaapɔzɩ se pɔ-tɔm susuu ɛsɩɩnɩ Sinaagɔɔgɩwaa taa ɖeke. Yesu heyi-wɛ se powolo ɛyaa ɖɩsɩ taa. Eheyi-wɛ se: “Ɩsʋ ɖɩɣa ŋga ka-taa lɛ, ɩcalɩnɩ ka-taa mba sɛʋ se: ‘Mɩ nɛ laŋhɛzɩyɛ.’ Ye laŋhɛzɩyɛ tʋ nɔɔyʋ ɛwɛ ka-taa kɔyɔ, mɩ-laŋhɛzɩyɛ caɣ ɛ-yɔɔ.” Tɔm ndʋ pɩwɛɛ se posusi? Yesu heyi-wɛ se: “Iheyi peeɖe mba se: ‘Ɛsɔ Kewiyaɣ talɩ-mɩ.’”—Luka 10:5-9.
Tɔm ndʋ eheyi ɛ-tɔmkpɛlɩkɩyaa 70 yɔ, tɩnɩɣzɩnɩ ndʋ eeheyi ɛ-apostoloowaa 12 alɩwaatʋ ndʋ eetiyi-wɛ se powolo nɛ posusi tɔm, pɩlakɩ ɛzɩ pɩnaɣ mbʋ yɔ. Eheyi-wɛ se pɩtɩkɛ ɛyaa tɩŋa kaɣnɩ-wɛ mʋʋ camɩyɛ. Ɛlɛ pa-tʋmɩyɛ sɩɣnɩ laŋa kɩbana tɩnaa se papɩzɩ nɛ pɔñɔɔzɩ pa-tɩ nɛ pamʋ Yesu tɔm camɩyɛ, alɩwaatʋ ndʋ ɛlɛ kaɣ kɔm se ɛwɩlɩ-wɛ tɔm yɔ.
Pitileɖi lɛ, Kewiyaɣ tɔm susuyaa tindima 35 waa mba papɩsɩ nɛ pɔkɔɔ Yesu cɔlɔ. Nɛ peheyi mbʋ pɩlɩ pɔ-tɔm susuu taa yɔ nɛ taa leleŋ nɛ pɔtɔ se: “Kɩbaɣlʋ, feziŋ kɩdɛkɛdɩŋ ñaŋaɣ-ɖʋ ña-hɩɖɛ taa.” Pɩtʋʋ fɛyɩ se tɔm ndʋ peheyi Yesu yɔ, tɩkɛdɩnɩ-ɩ siŋŋ, mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ ecosi-wɛ se: “Mana Sataŋ lɩnɩ ɛsɔ nɛ ɛtɔlɩ ɛzɩ tɛʋ ñɩlɩsʋʋ yɔ. Mɩ yɔ, maha-mɩ ɖoŋ se ɩtɔyɩtɩ ɖʋmaa nɛ pɩjɩsɩ.”—Luka 10:17-19.
Yesu wɩlaɣ ɛ-tɔmkpɛlɩkɩyaa se pakaɣ wɛnʋʋ ɖoŋ se pawa kala sɔsɔna nɛ pɩwɛɛ ɛzɩ ɛyʋ ɖɔŋʋʋ ɖʋmaa yaa pɩjɩsɩ yɔɔ yɔ. Pɩtasɩ lɛ, paanɩ pɩ-taa se paa pɩɩla ɛzɩma yɔ, alɩwaatʋ takɩ lɛ, pakaɣ ɖɔɔnʋʋ Sataŋ ɛsɔdaa nɛ etii tɛtʋ yɔɔ. Yesu sɩnɩ tɔmkpɛlɩkɩyaa 70 waa mba ɖɔɖɔ se patɩlɩ mbʋ pɩ-tɔm kɩlɩ cɛyʋʋ siŋŋ yɔ. Ɛtɔm se: “Ɩtaamɛyɩ se feziŋ ñaŋ-mɩ, ɛlɛ ɩmɛyɩ se pama mɩ-hɩla ɛsɔdaa.”—Luka 10:20.
Yesu taa labɩ leleŋ siŋŋ nɛ ɛɖɛyɩ ɛ-Caa, ɛyaa ɛzɩdaa, mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ, eyeba nɛ ɛ-lɩmɖʋyaa mba patɩlɩɩ pʋyʋ yɔ, papɩzɩ pala tʋma sɔsɔna ana. Ɛpɩsɩnɩ ɛ-tɔmkpɛlɩkɩyaa yɔɔ nɛ eheyi-wɛ se: “Koboyaɣ tɩnaa kɛlɛ ɛza wena anaɣ mbʋ ɩnaɣ yɔ. Mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ meheyiɣ-mɩ se nayaa sakɩyɛ nɛ awiya, paasɔɔlaa se pana mbʋ ɩnaɣ yɔ, nɛ patɩna, se panɩɩ ndʋ ɩnɩɣ yɔ, nɛ patɩnɩɩ.”—Luka 10:23, 24.


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Ñʊʊ
Ñʊʊ kɛna ɛyʊ tomnaɣ yɔɔ piliŋa ŋga kɛwɛna ɛ-hayʊ kiŋ kpaagbaa yɔ. Payaaʊ se ñʊʊ yɔ, nabʊyʊ taa lɛ pɩcɛlɩɣna weyi ɛkɛ kacalaɣ-tʊ yaa nɔɔ-ɖɛyʊ yɔ.
Nabʊyʊ taa lɛ payaɣ weyi eɖiyu ɛjaɖɛ yɔ se tɛtʊ ñʊʊtʊ nɛ pɩwɩlɩ se ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa payɩ lɛ, ɛnʊ ɖɛɣna ɛyaa kpeekpe nɔɔ nɛ ɛla tʊmɩyɛ naɖɩyɛ yaa eɖi aseɣɖe naɖɩyɛ kɛ pa-hɩɖɛ taa. Mbʊ ɖɔɖɔ kɛ payaɣ ɛjaɖɛ taa ñazɩyaa nɛ ñɩm sakɩyɛ tɩnaa se ɛjaɖɛ taa ñʊŋ. Pɩwayɩ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, papɩsɩɣ payaa nɔɔyʊ se ñʊʊtʊ pɩlɩɩna ɛ-ñʊʊtaa lɔŋ yɔɔ yaa ɛ-tʊmɩyɩ labʊ taa.
Ɛyaa nabayɩ wɛɛ nɛ payaɣ-wɛ se ñʊŋ yɛlɩyaa nɛ pɔtɔbʊʊ se ɛyaa mba pañɩnɩɣ ñʊntaa lɔŋzɩnɖɛ tɩnaa yɔ. Natʊyʊ wɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ nɛ pɔyɔɔdɩɣ-tʊ se ñʊʊ yɔkʊʊ, nɛ pɔtɔbʊʊ kɛlɛ se weyi ɛlakɩ tʊmɩyɛ sɔsɔyɛ naɖɩyɛ eɖeke nɛ ɛɛpɩzɩɣ ɛlɛ ɛwɛɛ nɛ ehiliziɣ eyeke koŋ yɔ. Kabɩyɛ taa lɛ, yee pacaɣ se pɔyɔɔdɩ se akele kɛ mɛ-ɛyʊ yaa matɩnayɩ pilim kɔyɔ, pɔtɔŋ se: matɩna-ɩ ɛ-ñʊʊ nɛ ɛ-ñɔsɩ.
Pɩwɛ ɛzɩ ɛyʊ yʊʊ yɔ kɛ pilinzi sɔsɔsɩ kɩla wɛʊ kpem yɔ: peeɖe ñʊdaakaɣ wɛɛ, kɩ-yɔɔ nɛ ñɔsɩ, limaɣ ne kiɖe pɛwɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ; ñʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-yɔɔ ɖɔɖɔ kɛ ɛsɛ, lɩkpaɣzasɩ nɛ naŋgbaaŋ pɛwɛɛ; ñʊʊ kʊɖʊmʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-yɔɔ kɛ nɩŋgbaaŋ nɛ mɔɔŋ pɛwɛɛ, pɩtasɩnanɔɔ, tamaɣ nɛ ndoma pɛwɛɛ.


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Keɖe
Keɖe kɛna ɛyʊ nɔɔtaa mɔɔyɛ naɖɛyɛ. Mɔɔyɛ nɖɩ nɖɩ kɩlɩna ɖoŋ kɛ ɛyʊ yaa tɛtɛ kpɩna mɔɔ kpeekpe taa. Ɛyʊ nɔɔtaa kela ɖɔɔ nɛ acɔ ɛ-kɩnandʊ kpɛɛɛ nɛ pɩta. Keɖe hʊlʊmaa nɛ nabʊyʊ taa lɛ, ɖɩpɩzɩɣ nɛ ɖɩwɛɛ hʊlʊmɩŋ yɔɔ tɩyɛ kɛnɛ.
Kela tosobi kusobu kɛ ɛyʊ yaa tɛtɛt kpɩnɛ nɔɔtaa yem. Hokasi nasɩyɛ wɛɛ nɛ nzɩ sɩtamna keɖe nɛ kɩnandʊ kpam nɛ pɩñɔɔ cɩŋcɩŋ. Ɛyʊ nɔɔtaa kele wɛ tɔm naputozo taa: nɔɔyɔɔ kela wɛɛ nɛ akpenda litozo (8), naanza hayʊ nɛ naanza hadɛ, ɛyʊ woŋgu lɛ ana pɩlɛkɩɣ naʊ; a-cɔlɔ kpam lɛ, naanza wɛɛ nɛ awɛ lɔŋ nɛ awɛ cɔŋŋcɔŋŋ, nɛ awɛ paa kalaaʊ ŋgʊlɛ kɩcɔlɔ; a-wayɩ lɛ kalaaʊ taa kela ñɛwɛna nɛ alɛ kpɛnda nɛɛlɛ (20). Pʊtɔbʊʊ se ɛyʊ sɔtʊyʊ nɔɔtaa nɛ kela hiuwaa naatozo nɛ naalɛ (32).
Pɛwɛ mbʊ lɛ, pɩtɛkɛ ɛyaa tɩŋga nɔsɩtaa awɛ 32, mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, nabayɩ nɔsɩtaa wɛ kela lɛɛtɩŋ nɛ pɩ-tɛ ɛya mba, pɔ-nɔsɩtaa kela ɖɛ 32 yɔɔ. Pɩtɛkɛ ɛyaa yaa tɛtɛ kpɩna tɩŋga nɔsɩ taa ɖɔɖɔ kɛ kela wɛɛ. Tɛtɛ kpɩna naayɛ nɔsɩ taa lɛ, kalaaŋ taa kela yeke wɛna.
Kela wɛna wazaɣ sakɩyɛ kɛ ɛyʊ nɔɔtaa yaa ɛyʊ wezu cagʊ taa. Nɔɔ kela sɩŋna-ɩ nɛ tɔɔnasɩ nzɩ ɛcaɣ tɔɔʊ yɔ, ɛsɛtɩɣ-sɩ keɖekeɖe nɛ yee pɩɩsaŋ kɔyɔ, e-kela wena alɛ ñɛwɛ kalaaʊ taa kela cɔlɔ yɔ, alɛ kɛ ɛcɩyʊɣna. Pɩkazɩ nɛ kalaaʊ taa kelɑ yɔ, alɛ kɛ ɛnaŋgʊna tɔɔnasɩ nzɩ. Pɩwɛɛ mbʊ lɛ, kela tɔsɔɔlɩ se nabʊyʊ ɛcɩɩ a-yɔɔ, mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, ɖipɩz:ɩɣ nɛ ɖɩlɔɔtɩ yaa ɖɩpʊtʊsɩ.


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Kpɔsɔdzanɩ
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ɛdɩ dʋ ka alʋ wanɩ anadʋ ʋvʋ nʋ ɛtʋ fue alʋ wanɩ ɛsɛmʋbɛ nɩɩ ɛsɛsʋdza mʋ. bʋa ɛdɩ ta ɔlɛ ka alʋ wanɩ aɣa ɛsɛmʋbɛ(suku). Mɩakʋtʋ tɛ ɔta tʋ ɛkʋ wanɩ bene-bene tʋ nʋ ɛfʋ nʋ, kɩmakʋtʋ yɔ nazadʋ. wʋatɛnʋ nʋ omeyǝdʋ nʋ Akpɔsɔ ɛdɩ nʋ ɛdɩ nʋ ɔlʋ ɛdɩ nʋ ɛdɩ bʋa kʋ afʋ ɩkpɔsɔdɩ yɛ nʋ inye yɛ li dza.
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Petro kajalaɣ tʊ
Petro kajalaɣ tʊ Petro kajalaɣ tʊ (Rusii kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ, ПëTp AлekceeBич PoMaHoB, Piotr Alekseïevitch Romanov), sakɩyɛ sɩma-ɩ nɛ hɩɖɛ ɖɩnɛ kɛnɛ Petro Sɔsɔ (Russii kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ, ПëTp Beлиkий, Piotr Veliki), palʊla-ɩ agoza fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 30 pɩnaɣ 1672 (Grégoir waa tɛ fenasɩ kpata lɛ pɩkɛ mɩsɩkʊm fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 9 pɩnaɣ 1672) kɛ Moscou tɛtʊ taa nɛ ɛsɩ kɔlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 28 pɩnaɣ 1725 (Gregoir ñɩma tɛ lɛlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 8 pɩnaɣ 1725), kɛ Pétersbourg Kiɖeɖeu tɛtʊ taa, ɛpɩsɩ Rusii tɛ tsar pɩnaɣ 1682 nɛ ɛmʊ kewiyaɣ Rusii ɛyaa kpeekpe tɛ pɩnaɣ 1721.
Ɛ-caa kɔyɔ Alexis kajalaɣ tʊ (pɩnzɩ 1629 ŋtalɩ 1676), ɛcaɣ kewiyaɣ kpelaɣ yɔɔ ɛ nɛ ɛ-pɩyalʊ cikpelu Ivan 5 ñɩnʊ kpaɣ e-kewiyaɣ hɔɔlʊʊ kajalaɣ ŋgʊ mbilim (pɩnzɩ 1682 ŋtalɩ 1696). Ɛnɛ ɛnʊ ɛsɩba lɛ, ɛnʊ pazɩ yɛlʊʊ siŋ Erɔpʊ ajɛyɛ taa, peeɖe ɛpɩza ɛna se ɛ-ɛjaɖɛ caɣ wayi piŋ nɛ Erɔpʊ ajɛyɛ lɛɛna. Kɛlɛ ɛkpaɣ lɩmaɣza mbʊ se ɛñɔtɩna ɛ-ɛjaɖɛ nɛ Erɔpʊ ajɛyɛ lɛɛna wɛtʊ, kɛlɛ ɛkʊyɩ ɛlaa ɛ-tɛtʊ kɩlʊlʊtʊ taa sɔnzɩ naa sakɩyɛ. Pɩlɩna ɛ-maɣmaɣ ɛ-sɔɔlɩm yɔɔ lɛ ɛkpaɣ lɩmaɣza se ɛɖɩzɩ sɔsɔtʊ nɛ kɩlɩtʊ pɔ-tɔm mbʊ lɛ ɛpɩsɩ ɛyaa kpeekpe lɩmaɣza sɩʊʊ, sɩʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩlɛza kpɛlɩ pɛ-ɛjaɖɛ yɔ, kɛlɛ pɩkpana mbʊ nɛ Rusii sʊʊ kʊyʊm kewiyaɣ wɛɛ taa.
Ɛsɩba lɛ, pɩnaɣ 1676 Alexis kajalaɣ tʊ wɛna piyaa naananza nzɩ yɔ Fedor 3 weyi ɛmʊ e-kewiyaɣ yɔ, Ivan nɛ Sophie Alexeïvna, patɩŋa payi mbʊ yɔ ɛ-kajalaɣ halʊ lʊlɩna-wɛ, Maria Miloslavskaïa, nɛ Pierre, halʊ naalɛ tʊ pɩɣa, Natalie Narychkina (pɩnzɩ 1651 ŋtalɩ 1694). Ivan kaawɛna pɩnzɩ 16 nɛ Pierre ñɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 10 lɛ Fedor 3 ñasɩba pɩnaɣ 1682, ɛlɛ ñɛfɛyɩna pɩɣa.
Moscou tɛtʊ taa ɛyaa ɖama kʊyɩnaʊ pɩnaɣ 1682 yeba nɛ kʊkʊʊ you sɔsɔʊ nakʊyʊ lɩɩ, nɛ halɩ kɩ-tɛ siziŋ tɔm caɣ Pierre yɔɔ piŋ pɩkɔna kaɖɛ e-fetenum. Halɩ pɩɣa Sophie Alexeïevna lɩzɩ Natalia pe-kewiyaɣ taa, kɛlɛ ɛ-maɣmaɣ ɛɖɔkɩ-kɛ kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 1682 ŋkɔɔ ŋtalɩ 1689. Peeɖe ɛñɩɣ nesi nɛ Pologne-Lituanie kɩkpɛndʊʊ ɛlɛ pɩkɛ nɩnaʊ maatɛŋ takayaɣ pɩnaɣ 1686, pɩtɩŋna pɩyɔɔ nɛ Rusii walanzɩ kɩ-ɛjaɖɛ nɛ halɩ pɩkpɛndɩna Otirisi, Pologne nɛ Vevise ɛjaɖɛ, mbʊ tɩnaa pa nɛ Turk waa you.


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Thomas Edison
Thomas Alva Edison kɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ size Amerika yɔ ɖɩ-tɛtʋ taa pɩɣa yaa ɖɩ-ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʋ taa tʋ. Thomas kɛ abalʋ weyi eyeba ɛ-tandaʋ ɛzɩ malɩŋ ɛsɔ sɛyaa yekiɣ yɔ. Palʋla ɖajaa Thomas kɛ kɔlaɣ fenaɣ taa kɛ evemiye yaa kɩyakʋ hiu nɛ kʋɖʋmʋ (11) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye kɛ mɩnaɣ 1847 n̄ɩŋga taa.
Egeetiye yaa lone nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa palʋla-ɩ yɔ, nɖɩ payaɣ size Milan, ɖɩwɛ tɛtʋ ndʋ payaɣ tʋ size Ohio yɔ tɩ-taa. Ɖajaa Thomas Alva Edison sɩba aloma fenaɣ taa kɛ evemiye yaa kɩoyakʋ hiu nɛ lutozo (18) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye kɛ pɩnaɣ 1931 n̄ɩŋga taa. Ɛsɩba pɩnzɩ hiŋ lutozo nɛ naanza (84) taa. Lone yaa tɛtʋ ndʋ tɩ-taa ɛsɩba yɔ, ndʋ payaɣ size West Orange.
West Orange tɛtʋ tʋnɛ, tɩwɛ New Jersey tɛ egeetiye tɛtʋ taa. Amerika pɩɣa Thomas Alva Edison kɛ luɖu yaa naʋʋ sɔsɔ kɔɔnɔɔ tʋ. Ɛnʋ kɛna ɖɔɖɔ, lɛɣtʋ n̄ɩnʋʋ yaa lɛɣtʋ kpɛlɛkʋʋ tʋmɩyɛ laɖʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ siŋŋ weyi patɩla-ɩ yaa pasɩma-ɩ hɔɔlɩŋ sakɩyɛ taa. Ɖajaa ɛnɛ ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ tʋma ndɩ ndɩ tʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ kɛ Amerika ɛjaɖɛ taa peeɖe.
Ɖajaa Alva Edison mana yaa lɩzana mbʋ payaɣna anasaayɩ taa size General Electric yɔ. Ɛlɩzɩtʋ tʋnɛ tɩkɛna kajalaɣ yaa kɔɔnɔɔ n̄ɩɣyʋ yaa nazɩyʋ ɖoŋ n̄ɩɣyʋ n̄ɩŋgʋ ŋgʋ kɩwaza siŋŋ kɛ ndɩ ndɩ tʋma ɖɩlaɖɛ ɖeɖe yɔ kɛ kedeŋa yaa ɛjaɖɛ kpeekpe yɔɔ yɔ.
Ɛkɛ luɖu weyi e-wendu kulubutu wɛ ɖoŋ siŋŋ yɔ. Ɛwɛna lubu takayaɣ. Ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ ndɔnjɔlɩyɛ tʋ weyi ɛsɩma ɛ-tʋmɩyɛ camɩyɛ. Ɖajaa ɛnʋ ɛkɛ kɔɔnɔɔ yaa kajalaɣ nazɩyʋ tʋmɩyɛ laɖʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ. Ɛkɛ yaɣyɩyʋ yaa mɩzɩyʋ sɔsɔ, nɛ ɛtɛ ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ, ɛyaa kpeekpe wɩlɩyʋ yaa pɛtɛ pɩsɩyʋ. Ɖajaa ɛnʋ ɛlɩzɩna kɛlɛm kɛlɛm yɔɔ tʋma, nɛ, maʋʋ tilitu yaa wilitu hɔɔlʋʋ.
Nabayɛ ɖanɛyɛ hɩɖɛ sʋʋʋ size Menlo Park tɛ efeluu (le sorcier de Menlo Park). Ɛ-hɩɖɛ ɖʋʋ yɔ pɛcɛlɩ tɛtʋ natʋyʋ ɛ-hɩɖɛ Edison kɛ pɩnaɣ 1954 n̄ɩŋga taa.


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OPEP ŋgbɛyɛ
Kedeŋa kpeekpe ajɛya naayɛ nɩna ɖama nɛ aɖʋ ŋgbɛyɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ payaɣ-ɖɩ se OPEP. Ajɛya wena awɛ OPEP ŋgbɛyɛ taa yɔ, añɩnɩɣ se a nɛ ajɛye wena a-taa kaɖazɩm wɛɛ yɔ, paɖʋ taabalɩyɛ kaɖazɩm pɛdʋʋ nɛ pɩ-lɩzʋʋ nʋmɔʋ taa.
OPEP ŋgbɛyɛ takayaɣ taa mayʋ sɔsɔ kɛlɛ ɖajaa Mohammed Barkindo. Kɩyɛɛna fenaɣ kɩyakʋ kajalaɣ ñɩŋʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 2016 taa palɩza-ɩ nɛ ɛkɛ OPEP takayaɣ taa mayʋ sɔsɔ nɛ pɩsɩɩna sɔnɔ. Ɖajaa Mohammed Barkindo kɛkɛ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se NNPC ɖɩ-ñʋʋdʋ. NNPC ŋgbɛyɛ kɛ Naajeeriya ɛjaɖɛ taa ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩcɔŋna tɛtɛɛ ñɩm mbʋ payaɣ se Hidrokaarɩbiiri yɔ pʋ-yɔɔ.
Salaŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ hiu nɛ naanza (14) ñɩŋʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1960 taa OPEP ŋgbɛyɛ ñʋwa. Kedizaɣ sɔsaɣ nakɛyɛ palaba Bagdad tɛtʋ taa nɛ ɖajaa Abdullah Tariki nɛ ɖajaa Juan Pablo Pérez Alfonso palɩzɩ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ se pʋwɛɛ se paɖʋ OPEP ŋgbɛyɛ. Ɖajaa Abdullah Tariki kɛ Arabii-Sahʊditi ɛjaɖɛ taa tʋ.
Piyele ɖajaa Juan Pablo Pérez Alfonso ñɛkɛ Fenezuyeelaa ɛjaɖɛ taa tʋ. Ɖajaa Juan Pablo Pérez Alfonse kɛkɛ Fenezuwelaa ɛjaɖɛ taa Minisi weyi ɛcɔŋna tɛtɛɛ ñɩm tʋma yɔɔ yɔ. Dajaanaa panɛ palɩzɩ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ ɖɩnɛ se ajɛya wena a-taa kaɖazɩm wɛɛ yɔ, alʋ siŋŋ nɛ kaɖazɩm toonoo liidiye ɛtaatii tibu yɔɔ, ɛlɛ, pɩkpa kpaʋ yɔɔ. Alɩwaatʋ ndʋ palakaɣ kedizaɣ sɔsaɣ ŋga se paɖʋ OPEP ŋgbɛyɛ lɛ, kaɖazɩm toonoo liidiye taatalɩ dollars waa kagbaanzɩ. Amerika ñɩma liidiye payaɣ se dollar.
Kiɖe tɛɛ lɛ, ajɛya kagbaanzɩ ɖeke kɛwɛna OPEP ŋgbɛyɛ taa. Ajɛya ana, a-hɩla yɔ : Arabii sawudiiti nɛ Iiranɩ nɛ Irakɩ nɛ Kowɛɛtɩ nɛ Fenezuwelaa.
Pʋ-wayɩ lɛ, ajɛya sakɩyɛ sʋʋ OPEP ŋgbɛyɛ taa. Ajɛya ana, alɛ hɩla yɔ : Qatar ɛjaɖɛ sʋ ɖɩ-taa pɩnaɣ 1961 piyele Ɛndoneezii nɛ Liibii paba ajɛya ñasʋ OPEP ŋgbɛyɛ taa pɩnaɣ 1962 taa. Ɛndoneezii ɛjaɖɛ lɩ OPEP ŋgbɛyɛ taa pɩnaɣ 2008 taa, ɛlɛ, kɩɖaɣnɩ ɖɩ-taa sʋʋ pɩnaɣ 2016 ñɩŋa taa. Abu Dabi ɛjaɖɛ ñasʋ ŋgbɛyɛ ńɖɩ ɖɩ-taa pɩnaɣ 1967 taa.
Alizeerii ɛjaɖɛ ñasʋʋ pɩnaɣ 1969 taa nɛ Naajeeriya ɛjaɖɛ ñasʋʋ pɩnaɣ 1971 ñɩŋa taa. Ekuwatɛrɩ ɛjaɖɛ sʋ pɩnaɣ 1973 taa, ɛlɛ, ɖɩlɩɩ ŋgbɛyɛ ńɖɩ ɖɩ-taa pɩnaɣ 1992 taa nɛ ɖɩɖaɣnɩ pɩsɩʋ ɖɩsʋʋ ɖɩ-taa pɩnaɣ 2007 ñɩŋa taa. Kaabɔɔ ɛjaɖɛ sʋ OPEP ŋgbɛyɛ taa pɩnaɣ 1975, ɛlɛ, ɖɩlɩɩ pɩnaɣ 1996 taa nɛ ɖikiti ɖɩɖaɣnɩ sʋʋ hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ taa, pɩnaɣ 2016 taa. Aŋgoola ɛjaɖɛ sʋ pɩnaɣ 2007 taa.
Ɖooo ɛzɩ OPEP ŋgbɛyɛ ñɔʋ yɔ, ɖɩ-tʋma ñʋʋ wɛ Jenɛɛvʋ (Genève) ɛjaɖɛ taa Suwiisi tɛtʋ taa. Ɛlɛ, pɛkɛzɩ ɖɩ-tʋma ñʋʋ salaŋ fenaɣ kajalaɣ kɩyakʋ ñɩŋʋ wiye nɛ pasɩɩ Otirisi ɛjaɖɛ taa Fiyɛɛnɩ (Vienne) tɛtʋ taa.


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Tɩlɩtʊ pɩzɩtʊ
Tɩlɩtʊ pɩzɩtʊ, pɩkɛ lɛɣtʊ ñɩnɩtʊ tʊmɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩñɩkɩɣ niiye lɩmaɣza yɔɔ nɛ pɔtɔŋ se ɖɩ nɛ tɔm heyuu palɩ ɖama, pɩkɛ tɔm ndʊ tɩkʊsa ɛyaa hʊzɩŋ kpaɣ pɩnzɩ 1950 alɩwaatʊ taa yɔ pɩlɩna ɛyʊ wɛtʊ tɔm yɔɔ. Lɩmaɣza tɩlʊʊ kaakɛna hɛkʊ taa tɔm keem.
Mbʊ pɛkɛdɩna yɔ pɩwɛɛ se pɩwɛɛ ɛyaa ɛsɩnda nɛ panaɣ, panaɣ ɛzɩ pɛdɩɣ yɔ pʊmʊna mbʊ pɩwɛɛ kedeŋa taa yɔ. Kpaɣ pɩnzɩ 1950 wɛɛ taa lɛ, tɩlɩtʊ yɔɔ ñɩnɩyaa laba tʊmɩyɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ ɖɩ nɛ ɛyʊ wɛtʊ patamʊna ɖama mbʊ yɔ ɖɩɖɩ ñɔcɔŋaɣ wɛtʊ yaa laɣsɩ yeke cɔlɔ nɛ patalakɩ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ fitenum.
Anasaayɩ ñɩɣyɩŋ yɔɔ tʊmɩyɛ kɔma pɩlɩɩ nɛ pɛɖɛʊna ɛsɩndaa piŋ lɛ, mbʊ pɩsɩnɩna nɛ patɩlɩ wɛtʊ kɩbandʊ pɩlɩna yɔɔdaɣ yɔɔ, tɩlɩtʊ pɩzɩtʊ yeba nɛ patɩlɩ ɛyʊ wɛtʊ pɩtɩŋna palakaɣ kpɛlɛkɩtʊ tʊmɩyɛ pɩlɩna ɛyʊ wɛtʊ kɩbandʊ yɔɔ. Eyeba nɛ ɛpɩsɩ lɩmaɣza kpeekpe tɛ ɛjaɖɛ kpaɣ nɛ pɩnzɩ 1970 pɩcɛlɩna tɩlɩtʊ lɛɣtʊ yɔɔ nɛ fitenum yɔɔ kpɛlɛkʊʊ yɔɔ.
Pɩfɛyɩ se peyidi tɩlɩtʊ pɩzɩtʊ tɔm nɛ kpɛlɩ tɩlɩtʊ tɛ tɔm, ndʊ tɩlɩ kpaɣ pɩnzɩ 1956 nɛ 1960 alɩwaatʊ taa yɔ kɛ lɛɣtʊ maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊma ɖeɖe yɔ, kɔzɩ kɔzɩ Jerome Bruner nɛ George Armitage Miller pa-tʊma cɔlɔ kpɛyɛɛ Harvard sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ taa. Pa nɛ ɛnʊ papa lɩza tɩlɩtʊ lɛɛtʊ pɩtɩŋna ñʊʊ taa lɔŋ kpɛlɛkʊʊ yɔɔ.


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René Descartes
Palʊla René Descartes kɛ lakɩŋ fenaɣ 31 pɩnaɣ 1596 kɛ La Haye, Fransɩɩ tɛtʊ taa nɛ ɛsɩ lɛlaɣ fenaɣ 11 pɩnaɣ 1650 kɛ Stɔkhɔlm, Sʊyɛdɩ taa. Ɛkɛ mathématicien, physicien nɛ filozofii tʋ. Pakpaɣ-ɩ sɩ weyi ɛlɩza mbʊ payɣ se Filozofii moderne yɔ; mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, tɔm natʊyʊ yɔɔdɩɣ ɛ-yɔɔ tɔm tʊnɛ yɔ, paanɛ tɩwɩzɩʊ ɛzɩma yɔ: « Hayɩ, Descartes talaa kɛlɛ ». Latɛŋ taa kɛ ɛlɩza mbʊ payaɣ se ɛyʊ-tʊ sɩŋŋŋ yɔ nɛ ɛyɔɔdɩɣ se alɩwaatʊ ndʊ ɛnʊ ɖɩna maɣzɩʊ yɔ, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se ɛnʊ wɛɛ. Physique taa lɛ, ɛwɛ ɛzɩ mba palɩza lakasɩ nzɩ piciidɩɣ yɔ nɛ payaɣ se mécanisme yɔ pa-taa nɔɔyɩ yɔ. Mathématiques taa lɛ, ɛlɩza mbʊ payaɣ se géométrie analytique yɔ.
Ɛ-tɛ méthode scientifique ŋgʊ ɛlɩza pɩnaɣ 1628 kɛɛ-takayaɣ ŋga ɛya se "Règles pour la direction de l'esprit" nɛ "Discours de la méthode" kɛ pɩnaɣ 1637 yɔ, sɩpazaa sɩɖɩzɩ mbʊ pawɩlaɣ sukili sɔsɔʊ taa kɛ scolastique taa yɔ. Ɛyɔɔda se, ɛyʊ wɛʊ mbʊ yɔ mbʊ ɛkɩlɩɣ tɛyʊ nɛ lalaa nɛ pɩkɩlɩ ɖeu yɔ, mbʊ lɛ ɛyʊ lɛlʊ wɩzasɩ nɩʊ.
E-evebutu[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Paya Descartes caa se Joachim Descartes. Palʊla-ɩ saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ naalɛ pɩnaɣ 1563 kɛ Sucé-sur-Erdre, nɛ ɛkɛ lɔŋ tasɩyʊ kɛ paɣtʊ lɩzɩya taa kɛ Rennes tɛtʊ taa nɛ e-ɖoo se Jeanne Brochard Bretagne. Palʊla ɛlɛɛ Indre-et-Loire taa kɛ pɩnaɣ 1566 nɛ peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ ɛsɩba. Palʊla Descartes kɛ e-egbelenaa tɛ kɛ La Haye tɛtʊ taa mbʊ pʊ-yɔɔ yɔ, ɛ-caa lakaɣ tʊmɩyɛ kɛ Rennes tɛtʊ taa nɛ ɛtaawɛna alɩwaatʊ se ɛcɔna ɛ-yɔɔ. Descartes kɛ naatozo-tʊ nɛ patɩŋga mbʊ yɔ, e-egbelenaa kɛ palʊla-wɛ. Palʊla-ɩ lakɩŋ fenaɣ 31 kɛ pɩnaɣ 1596 nɛ pɔsɔ-ɩ lɩm kɛ Saint-Georges cɔɔcɩ taakɛ ɖomaɣ fenaɣ naatozo wiye pɩnaɣ 1596. Pɩwɛɛ se pɩwɛɛ kɔyɔ, paasɔ-ɩ pʊ paroisse Notre-Dame taa ɛlɛ ɛzɩma papɩsa Protestant waa yɔ, pɩ-yɔɔ kɛ pɔsɔ-ɩ pʊ peeɖe. Ɛ-tɛ kacalaɣ kpaŋgbamʊʊ kɛ payaɣ se René Brochard des Fontaines, e-ɖoo caa; ɛlɛ kɛ tɔm hʊyʊ kɛ Poitiers tɛtʊ taa. Ɛ-tɛ kpaŋgbamʊʊ naalɛ ñɩnʊʊ payaɣ se Michel Ferrand, ɛlɛ kɛ e-neze ɖalʊ nɛ ɛkɛ sɔɔja sɔsɔ weyi paayaɣ se lieutenant-général yɔ nɛ ɛwɛɛ wiyau sɔsɔ Châtellerault tɛ. E-ɖoo sɩba agoza fenaɣ 13 pɩnaɣ 1597. Ɛsɩba lɛ, Descartes wɛna pɩnaɣ nɛ fenaɣ.


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Eeboolaa
Eeboolaa kɛ kʋdɔŋ piye.Kʋdɔŋ pe wena payaɣ se "filovirus" yɔ, a-taa lɛɛɖɛ.
Kʋdɔŋ piye Eeboolaa ɛsʋ ɛyʋ calɩm taa yɔ, anɩza calɩɣna-ɩ kpaʋ. Ɛnɩzɩɣ lɛ, pɩ-taa piyi kɔdɔ kɔdɔ. Pʋwayɩ lɛ, pʋdʋ nɩzɩɣ nɛ calɩm. Kpezuu nakʋyʋ kpa-ɩ kɩfɛyɩ tɛm. Ɛ-yɔɔ lɩɩ pe takɩŋ takɩŋ. Halɩ nɛ sɔnɔ patanada Eeboola kʋdɔŋ piye kɔyɛ. Ɛlɛ, n̄ɩnɩyaa sɔsaa ɖɔŋ maɣzʋʋ kɔ naayɛ yɔɔ se pana se awaɣ kʋdɔŋ piye nɖɛ yaa aawaɣ. Kɔ wena pɔɖɔŋ-yɛ maɣzʋʋ yɔ, ana yɔ "ZMapp" nɛ "favipiravir". Sɛmɩŋ cɔʋna kɔdɔŋ piye nɖɩ nɛ ɖɩtɔyʋʋ kedeŋa kpeekpe.
Kʋdɔŋ piye nɖɩ ɖɩ-wɛtʋ wɛ ndɩ kpem nɛ ɖɩ-tɔm cɛɣ kaɖɛ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ. Paapɩzɩɣ poɖukuna-ɖɩ se pana ɖɩ-wɛtʋ tɩŋa ɖɔkɔtɔnaa tɩŋa taa yem. Ɖɔkɔtɔnaa sɔsaa mba pɛwɛna ɖɔkɔtɔ wondu sɔsɔtʋ nɛ kɩfatʋ yɔ pa-taa papɩzɩɣ patazɩ camɩyɛ nɛ pana Eeboolaa kʋdɔŋ piye wɛtʋ nɛ mbʋ ɖɩkɛnaa yɔ siŋŋ. Ɖɔkɔtɔ kuduyiŋ sɔsɔŋ weyi ɛ-tɛɛ papɩzɩɣ patazɩ poɖukuna kʋdɔŋ piye Eeboolaa nɛ pɩɩpɩzɩɣ pɩɖɛɛ ɖ;pokɔtɔnaa yɔ, ɛnʋʋ lɛ "laboratoires P4" yaa "BSL-4".
Pɔɔ nakɛyɛ hɩɖɛ paha kʋdɔŋ piye Eeboolaa. Pɔɔ ŋga kɛɖɛɣna Yambuku tɛtʋ taa. Yambuku tɛtʋ ndʋ tɩwɛ Koŋo ɛjaɖɛ nɛ hayi kiŋ hɔɔlʋʋ taa. Koŋgoo ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩɩ payaɣ lɛɛlɛɛyɔ se Zaayiiri ɛjaɖɛ. Ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-tɛ ɖɔkɔtɔ nakʋyʋ taa pacalɩ naʋ kʋdɔŋ piye Eeboola kʋdɔndʋ nɔɔyʋ calɩm taa salaŋ fenaɣ taa pɩnaɣ 1976 taa. Ɖɔkɔtɔ sɔsɔ Peter Piot nana kʋdɔŋ piye nɖɩ. Ɛnʋ nana se kʋdɔŋ piye nɖɩ ɖɩkaɣ sʋʋ ɛyaa 318 calɩm taa nɛ ɖɩkʋ pɩtalɩ ɛyaa 280.
Kʋdɔmɩŋ pe wena payaɣ se "Ebolavirus" yɔ, a-taa lɛɛɖɛ payaɣ se Eeboolaa. Kʋdɔmɩŋ pe ana awɛ kʋdɔmɩŋ pe "filovirus" pɩlɩʋ taa.
Kʋdɔmɩŋ pe ana awɛ huwa kagbaanzɩ taa. Pʋwɛ kaɖɛ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ se ɛyʋ ɛpɩzɩ ɛtɩlɩ tokaɣ ŋga kɛwɛ kʋdɔmɩŋ pe ana a-hɛkʋ taa yɔ mbʋ yɔ alɩ ɖama siŋŋ.
Kʋdɔmɩŋ pe wena awɛ kʋdɔŋ piye Eeboolaa tɩyɛ yɔ, anaa yɔ:
- Kʋdɔŋ piye Eeboolaa tɩtɩŋɛ, paya-ɖɩ ɖɔɖɔ se "EBOV". Ɖooo lɛ, payawaɣ-ɖɩ se "ZEBOV" yaa "Eeboolaa Zaïre". Pɩnaɣ 1976 taa pana kʋdɔŋ piye nɖɩ Koŋgoo ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ payaɣ nɔɔnɔɔ se Zaayiiri. Kʋdɔŋ piye nɖɩ ɖikɩlɩ kaɖɛ kʋdɔmɩŋ pe lɛɛna wena awɛ ɖɩ-tɩyɛ yɔ. Nɖɩ lɩna pɩnaɣ 2014 taa Afrɩka nɛ wɩsɩ ɖʋɖʋyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ taa nɛ ɖɩkʋ ɛyaa sakɩyɛ.
- Eeboolaa wayɩ lɛ, ɖɩnaɣ kʋdɔŋ piye nɖɩ payaɣ se Suudaanɩ (SUDV) yɔ. Ɖooo lɛ, payawaɣ ɖɩɖɩ se SEBOV yaa Eeboolaa soudan. Suudaanɩ nɛ hadɛ kɩŋ hɔɔlɩŋ taa nɛ Uugandaa pɛ-ajɛɛ taa kʋdɔŋ piye nɖɩ ɖɩlɩwa.
- Eeboolaa suudaanɩ wayɩ lɛ, ɖɩnaɣ ɖɔɖɔ kʋdɔŋ piye nɖɩ payaɣ se, Rɛɛsɩtɔɔnɩ yɔ (RESTV). Ɖooo lɛ, payawaɣ-ɖɩ se REBOV yaa Eeboolaa Rɛɛsɩtɔɔnɩ. Pɩnaɣ 1983 taa pana kʋdɔŋ piye nɖɩ Rɛɛsɩtɔɔnɩ egeetiye taa Etaazuunii ɛjaɖɛ taa.
- Eeboolaa Rɛɛsɩtɔɔnɩ wayɩ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, ɖɩnaɣ kʋdɔŋ piye nɖɩ payaɣ se Fɔɔrɛɛ de Taayii (TAFV) yɔ. Ɖooo lɛ, payawaɣ-ɖɩ se Eeboolaa Fɔɔrɛɛ de Taayii yaa se Eeboolaa "Côte d'Ivoire". Pɩnaɣ 1994 taa pana kʋdɔŋ piye nɖɩ Taayii egeetiye taa wondu kaɖaɣ taa Côte d'Ivoire ɛjaɖɛ taa, Giinee nɛ Liibeeria pa-kamasɩ yɔɔ.
- Eeboolaa Fɔɔrɛɛ de Taayii wayɩ lɛ, ɖɩnaɣ kʋdɔŋ piye nɖɩ payaɣ se "Bundibugyo (BDBV) yɔ. Ɖooo lɛ, payawaɣ-ɖɩ se BEBOV yaa Eeboolaa Bundibugyo. Pɩnaɣ 2008 taa pana-ɖɩ Bundibugyo egeetiye taa Uugandaa ɛjaɖɛ taa.
Kʋdɔŋ piye nɖɩ payaɣ se Eeboolaa Rɛɛsɩtɔɔnɩ yɔ, pana-ɖɩ pɩnaɣ 1989 taa Filipiini ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɖɩwɛ ɖɔɖɔ Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛyaa kamaɣzaa se kʋdɔŋ piye nɖɩ ɖɩsʋʋ ɛyʋ calɩm taa. Ɛlɛ, pɩnaɣ 2009 taa lɛ, pana se afa ɖɛzɩ kʋdɔŋ piye nɖɩɩ ɛyʋ nɔɔyʋ.
Pana Eeboolaa Bundibugyo pɩnaɣ 2008 taa. Ɖɩ nɛ Eeboolaa Fɔɔrɛɛ de Taayii palɩ ɖama siŋŋ. Ɛlɛ, Eeboolaa Bundibugyo tɔm kɩla kaɖɛ Eeboolaa Fɔɔrɛɛ de Taayii.
Kʋdɔŋ piye Eeboolaa wɛ ɛzɩma wɛtʋ?[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Eeboolaa kʋdɔŋ piye wɛ ɛzɩ ɖalʋ yɔ. Ɖɩwɛ kʋdɔmɩŋ pe wena payaɣ se "Mononegavirales" yɔ a-pɩlɩʋ taa. Kʋdɔmɩŋ pe wena payaɣ se "virus à ARN monocaténaire" waa yɔ, awɛ pɩlɩʋ ŋgʋ kɩ-taa ɖɔɖɔ. Ɖooo lɛ, pakpaɣ-yɛ se awɛ "rhabdovirus" pɩlɩʋ taa. Sɔnɔ yɔ, ɛyʋ naa se kʋdɔmɩŋ pe Eeboolaa waa nɩɣzɩna kʋdɔmɩŋ pe wena payaɣ se "paramyxovirus waa" yɔ. Kʋdɔmɩŋ pe ana a-taa lɛ, ɖɩnaɣ kʋdɔmɩŋ pe wena ayeki nɛ nɩŋgbatiŋ nɛ kpizim pakpaɣ ɛyʋ yɔ.
Kʋdɔŋ piye Eeboolaa ɖaɣlaa ɛzɩ 0,8 yaa 1 um mbʋ yɔ. Ɛlɛ, naɖɩyɛ pɩzɩɣ ɖɩɖaɣlɩ pɩtalɩ 14 um mbʋ yɔ. Kʋdɔŋ piye nɖɩ ɖɩwalɩɣ pɩtalɩ 80 nm mbʋ yɔ. Ɖɩ-taa wɛ mbʋ payaɣ se "nucléoprotéines NP et VP30 waa yɔ. Mbʋ payaɣ se, "matrice hélicoïdale" yɔ, ɖihuuzi ɖɩ-yɔɔ. "Matrice hélicoïdale" ɛnʋ ɛwalaa pɩtalɩ ɛzɩ 40 yaa 50 nm mbʋ yɔ. Pa-taa wɛ " protéines VP24 et VP40 waa". Tɔnʋʋ nakʋyʋ, kɩwɛ lɛfɩɩɩ, ŋgʋ huuzina pɩ-tɩŋa payɩ mbʋ yɔ pʋ-yɔɔ. Kɩ-taa wɛ mbʋ payaɣ se "glycoprotéines GP waa" yɔ.
Kʋdɔŋ piye Mbʋ payaɣ se"ARN" pɩ-ɖaɣlakɩŋ "GC" ɖɔ ɛzɩma yɔ.
Kʋdɔŋ piye nɖɩ payaɣ se "Marburg" yɔ, ɖɩ-taa n̄ama n̄ama naa ɖaɣlaa ɛzɩ 19,11 kb mbʋ yɔ. Mbʋ payaɣ se "GC" yɔ pʋwɛ pa-taa pɩtalɩ 38,8 % mbʋ yɔ. Ŋgʋ, kʋdɔŋ piye nɖɩ payaɣ ɖɩɖɩ se "Lloviu yɔ, ɖɩɖɩ-taa n̄ama n̄ama naa n̄aɖaɣlaa ɛzɩ 18,93 kb mbʋ yɔ nɛ "GC" n̄ɛwɛɛ pa-taa pɩtalɩ 46,0 % mbʋ yɔ.
Sɛmɩŋ kɔŋnana kʋdɔŋ piye Eeboolaa. Kɔzɩ kɔzɩ Egipiti ɛjaɖɛ taa sɛmɩŋ kɩsɛmɩŋ. Pana mbʋ pʋwɛɛ pɩkaɖɩɣna kʋdɔŋ piye Eeboolaa Zaayiiri yɔ sɛmɩŋ naadozo calɩm mbʋ payaɣ se seerɔɔm yɔ pɩ-taa. Sɛmɩŋ ɛnʋ ɛ-hɩla yɔ: Hypsignathus monstrosus nɛ Epomops franqueti nɛ Myonycteris torquata. Ŋgʋ ɖooo mbʋ yɔ patana kʋdɔŋ piye Eeboolaa sɛmɩŋ ɛnʋ ɛ-calɩm taa kaʋ. Pɩtɛkɛ sɛmɩŋ taa ɖeke kʋdɔŋ piye Eeboolaa wɛɛ. Kʋdɔŋ piye nɖɩ ɖɩwɛ ɖɔɖɔ yuŋ nɛ n̄ɛya nɛ kɩlɩndɩyɩŋ nɛ n̄ɩtʋ taa nandʋ natʋyʋ natʋyʋ ɛzɩ tɩkpayɩŋ nɛ ahuwa pa-taa.
Ɛlɛ, sɛmɩŋ kɩlɩɣna yɛlɩnaʋ kʋdɔŋ piye eeboolaa kpem. Ɖooo lɛ, ɛyaa kasɩmaa sɛmʋʋ ɖɛzɩɣ kʋdɔŋ piye nɖɩɩ n̄ɩtʋ taa nandʋ natʋyʋ nɛ alɩwaatʋ ndʋ ɛyʋ tɔkɩ tɛtɛ kpɩnɛ nɖɩ pɩɖɛ-ɖɩ yɔ pʋcɔ pɩɖɛɛ-ɩ .Yazɩ pɩtɛkɛ mbʋ. Sɛmʋʋ pɩzɩɣ kɩɖɛzɩ kɩudɔŋ piye nɖɩɩ ɛyʋ kpaakpaa.
Ɖɩɣa afanaa taa pɩzɩɣ pʋwɛɛ kʋdɔŋ piye Eeboolaa. Alɩwaatʋ ndʋ kʋdɔŋ piye Eeboolaa sʋʋ afa calɩm taa lɛ, afa mooyom kpeŋ n ɛ pʋwɛɛ ɛzɩ afanaa kʋdɔmɩŋ lɛɛŋ kpaɣʋ-wɛ nɛ pɛwɛɣ yɔ.
Écoépidémiologie[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Ɛzɩma pɩtɩŋʋʋ nɛ Eeboolaa sʋʋ ɛyʋ calɩm taa?[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
- Eeboolaa cɔʋ cɔʋ mbʋ kedeŋa yɔɔ yɔ, ɛyʋ tatɩɩtɩlɩda camɩyɛ. Ɛlɛ, ɛyʋ nawa se Sɛmɩŋ cɔʋna Eeboolaa kʋdɔŋ piye kedeŋa yɔɔ paa le. Sɛmɩŋ ɖɛzɩɣ kʋdɔŋ piye nɖɩ tɩkpayɩŋ. Ɛyʋ n̄ɛyɛlɩɣ lakʋ taa nɛ ɛkʋʋ awayɩ nandʋ. Awayɩ nandʋ ndʋ, yee Eeboolaa ɛtɛma sʋʋ tɩ-calɩm taa yɔ, alɩwaatʋ ndʋ ɛyʋ tɔkɩ-tʋ yɔ, kʋdɔŋ piye nɖɩ ɖɩɖɛɣ-ɩ kpaakpaa. Eeboolaa sʋʋ ɛyʋ calɩm taa kpaakpaa alɩwaatʋ ndʋ ɛtɔkɩ Sɛmʋʋ nandʋ yɔ, kɔzɩ kɔzɩ sɛmʋʋ ŋgʋ payaɣ se "Hypsignathus monstrosus" yɔ.
Eeboolaa sʋʋ ɛyʋ calɩm taa lɛ, alɩwaatʋ ɛzɩma ɛnaɣna?[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Eeboolaa kʋdɔŋ piye ɛsʋ ɛyʋ calɩm taa yɔ, kɩyakɩŋ naalɛ yaa kɔyɔ kɩyakɩŋ nɛɛlɛ nɛ kʋɖʋmʋʋ wiye ɛnaɣna. Ɛlɛ, kɩyakɩŋ naanza yaa kɔyɔ kɩyakɩŋ nakʋ wayɩ ɛyʋ kɩlɩɣ naʋ se Eeboolaa sʋ ɛ-calɩm taa. Eeboolaa sʋʋ ɛyʋ calɩm taa lɛ, kpɩtaʋ mpilim wayɩ kɩpaɣzɩɣ kʋ-tʋmɩyɛ labʋ ɛ-calɩm taa. Kʋdɔŋ piye nɖɩ ɖɩtɔkɩ ɛ-hʋyɩŋ tɛɛ, ɖɩtɔɔ ɛ-hʋzɩŋ nɛ pʋdʋ paɣzɩ anɩza nɛ calɩm. Piileɖiɣ nɛ pʋdʋ sɩ, mbʋ yɔ pɩlakɩ mbʋʋ lɛ, pɩɖɩkɩ e-feziŋ.
Eeboolaa sʋʋ ɛyʋ calɩm taa lɛ, kʋcɔʋ ɛyʋ nandʋ kpeekpe kɩta. Kʋtɔkɩ ɛ-mɔɔ taa n̄ɩm tɩŋa payɩ kɩsɔyɩ ɛ-calɩm. Kɩcɔʋ ɛ-fɩtɩyɩm taa, kʋsʋʋ ɛ-hʋzɩŋ tɛɛ, kɩtɔɔ ɛ-hɔyɛ nɛ e-yozaɣ, kɩsʋʋ ɛ-ladɩho tɛɛ, kɩcɔɔ e-tomnaɣ tɩŋa taa, kʋsʋʋ e-loyuu taa. Ɛyʋ ɛnʋ ɛtɛŋna sɩm mbʋ calɩm fɛyɩ ɛ-yɔɔ, feziŋ n̄aakpaɣ.
Kʋdɔŋ piye Eeboolaa wɛ ndɩ kpem nɛ kʋdɔmɩŋ pe lɛɛna mbʋ yɔ, kʋsʋ ɛyʋ calɩm taa yɔ, kɩtɩŋɩɣna tɔɔʋ ɛ-taa mbʋ mbʋ pʋwɛɛ nɛ pʋdʋ caɣ wezuu yɔ pɩtɩŋɛ. Pʋdʋ ɛnʋ ɛ-yɔɔ lɩɣ pe kɩsɛma naayɛ, anɩza naayɛ kpayɩ, ɛnɩzɩɣna calɩm. Pʋtɔkɩ ɛ-tɔnʋʋ yɔɔ, pʋtɔɔ ɛ-tɔnʋʋ tɛɛ. E-tomnaɣ ɛɛtazɩɣ wɛʋ ɖoŋ, kɛwɛɣ yem ɖɔfɩɩɩ. Ekpeziɣ nɛ e-tomnaɣ cɩyɩɣ.
Ɛzɩma Eeboolaa ɖɛʋ ɛyaa[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Alɩwaatʋ ndʋ ɛyʋ ɖukuuna weyi Eeboolaa kpa-ɩ yɔ ɛ-calɩm yaa ɛ-hɩm yaa ɛ-kɩjɛbɛyʋʋ yaa ɛ-ndaatʋ yaa ɛ-mʋʋna yaa e-soŋaɣ yɔ, kʋdɔŋ piye Eeboolaa ɖɛɣ-ɩ kpaakpaa. Ɖɔkɔtɔnaa pɩkɩlɩɣ ɖɛʋ alɩwaatʋ ndʋ paacɔŋna weyi Eeboolaa kpa-ɩ yɔ ɛ-yɔɔ yɔ. Pʋ-yɔɔ pʋwɛɛ se cɩɖɩcɩɖɩ wɛtʋ nʋmɔʋ ɛkpa ɖoŋ ɖɔkɔtɔnaa tɩŋa taa. Pʋwɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ se wondu ndʋ palakɩna-tʋ nɛ tʋmɩyɛ yɔ, pɔhɔ-tʋ miŋ ɖeu yaa pɔn̄ɔɔzɩ-tʋ camɩyɛ nɛ pʋcɔ palana-tʋ nɛ tʋmɩyɛ. Ɖɔkɔtɔnaa sakɩyɛ sɩba pɩtɩŋna kaakendu ndʋ tɩ-yɔɔ nɛ piyele nɛ Eeboolaa tɛzɩɣ tɔyʋʋ kʋtɔyʋ.
Eeboolaa ɛkpa ɛyʋ yɔ, piileɖiɣ nɛ pʋcɔ kɩɖɛɛ ɛ-cɔlɔ n̄ɩma. Alɩwaatʋ ndʋ ɛyʋ ɖukuuna weyi Eeboolaa kpa-ɩ yɔ ɛ-calɩm yaa ɛ-ndaatʋ yaa ɛ-mʋʋna yaa e-soŋaɣ yaa ɛ-halɩtʋ yaa ɛ-abalɩtʋ taa lɩm yɔ, pɩɖɛɛ-ɩ kpaakpaa. Weyi Eeboolaa kpa-ɩ yɔ, paa ɛkɔma ɛsɩ yɔ, pʋfɛyɩ se ɛyʋ eɖukuna-ɩ yem nɛ ɛtɛlɛɛ nesi huyuu ŋgʋ kiyeki se kʋdɔŋ piye naɖɩyɛ ɛtaaɖɛɛ-ɩ yɔ. Afrɩka hɔɔlɩŋ nɩɩyɛ taa sɔnzɩ pɔzʋʋ se, ɛyʋ ɛsɩba yɔ, pʋwɛɛ se pɔsɔ-ɩ lɩm, pɔn̄ɔɔzɩ-ɩ camɩyɛ nɛ pʋcɔ pepimi-i. Pɛtɛŋɩ-ɩ pim lɛ, pɔcɔ kɔyɛ sɩɖʋ ɛnʋ ɛ-nɔnɔɔ taa nɛ pasɩɩ n̄anaɣ nakɛyɛ taa nɛɛ paa anɩ ɛsaŋ-pʋ e-nesi nɛ pʋcɔ ekpe ɛ-tɛ. Pɩdɛ lakasɩ nzɩ siyeki nɛ Eeboolaa kʋdɔŋ piye ɖɛɣ ɛyaa tɩŋa. Koŋgoo ɛjaɖɛ taa nabɛyɛ tɔɔ tɩkpayʋ natʋyʋ nɛ Eeboolaa kpa-wɛ. Pʋ-yɔɔ pɩfɛyɩ ɖeu se ɛyaa eleɣyina tɩkpayɩŋ yem yaa pɔtɔɔ ɛ-nandʋ. Ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, sɛmɩŋ cɔlɔ pɩlɩɣna nɛ Eeboolaa tɔyʋʋ kedeŋa kpeekpe. Abiijanɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa sɛmɩŋ kɩlɩ tɔyʋʋ.
Ɛzɩma pawaɣ Eeboolaa?[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Halɩ nɛ sɔnɔ patanada Eeboolaa kɔyɛ hayʋʋ. Ɛyaa mba eeboolaa kpawa yɔ, mɩnʋʋ yɔɔ lɛ, ɛyaa 90 sɩba. Mbʋ wɩlɩɣna se Eeboolaa kɛ kʋdɔŋ ŋgʋ kʋ-tɔm caɣ kaɖɛ siŋŋ Afrɩka tɛtʋ taa yɔ. Ɖɔkɔtɔnaa fɛyɩna wondu yaa kɔ wena pʋpɔzʋʋ se pawaa yaa palʋbɩna Eeboolaa yɔ. Ɛlɛ, papɩzɩ patɩŋna mbʋ payaɣ se "Traitements symptomatiques" yɔ pʋ-yɔɔ nɛ pɩɖaŋ se kʋdɔŋ tʋ ɛtaasɩ. Un vaccin vivant atténué expérimental donne des résultats encourageants chez le singe51. Il a été administré en mars 2009 à une chercheuse travaillant sur le virus, après une possible contamination accidentelle. L'évolution en a été favorable52.
Paa mbʋ yɔ, lakɩŋ fenaɣ pɩnaɣ 2009 n̄ɩnɩyʋ halɩn̄ɩnʋ nɔɔyʋ laba tʋmɩyɛ nɛ kɔyɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ ɛla nɛ tɩkpayʋ nɔɔyʋ yɔɔ cɛ, Eeboolaa kakpa-ɩ.
Pɔɖɔŋa maɣzʋʋ kɔ naayɛ tɛtɛkpɩnɛ yɔɔ se pana se alakɩ tʋmɩyɛ naa aalakɩ. Ɛsɔ ɛsɩna pɩdɛ n̄ɩnɩyaa mba. Kɔ ana a-taa yɔ " l'ARN polymérase". Ɖɔkɔtɔnaa maɣzɩ seerɔɔm ŋgʋ payaɣ se "ZMapp" yɔ nɛ papɩzɩ pawaa Ameriika tɛtʋ taa kʋdɔŋ tɩnaa naalɛ mba Eeboolaa kpa-wɛ yɔ. Kɛyɩna fenaɣ pɩnaɣ 2014 taa pamaɣzɩ seerɔɔm ŋgʋ. Seerɔɔm ŋgʋ, palaba-kʋ nɛ taba hatʋ. Jaapɔɔnɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ taa n̄ɩma ɖɔɖɔ n̄an̄ɩnaa nɛ pamaɣzɩ kɔ naayɛ kɛ holaa mba Eeboolaa kpawa yɔ. Pɩkpa-wɛ nɛ pɩla kɩyakɩŋ loɖo lɛ, palaba pɔ-yɔɔ tʋmɩyɛ.
Ɛzɩma pʋwɛɛ se ɛyʋ ɛla nɛ Eeboolaa ɛtaakpa-ɩ?[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Pʋwɛɛ se :
- ɛyʋ esuu e-nesi huyuu nɛ ehuuzi ɛ-tɩŋa yɔɔ nɛ wonuu nakʋyʋ nɛ pʋcɔ ɛkʋ tɛtɛkpɩnɛ nɖɩ Eeboolaa kpawa yɔ. Pʋwɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ se ɛyʋ epiŋ tɛtɛkpɩna wena ɛkʋ-yɛ mbʋ lɛ, ɛla ɖɛfɛɛɛ nɛ ɛtaaɖukuni-yɛ yem. Pʋwɛ ɖeu ɖɔɖɔ se ajɛɛ n̄ʋʋdɩnaa ɛlʋ nɛ tɛtɛkpɩna ɛtaacɔʋ ajɛɛ tɩŋa nɛ ataŋ yem.
- ɛyʋ ɛtɩzɩ paa calɩm yaa nandʋ ndʋ pɩpɩɩ camɩyɛ siŋŋ nɛ pʋcɔ ɛtɔɔ.
- ajɛɛ wena a-taa Eeboolaa tɛma lɩʋ yɔ akɛdɩ ajɛɛ lɛɛna taa n̄ɩma mbʋ Eeboolaa lakɩ nɛ ɛzɩma mbʋ palakɩ se paɖɩɣ-kʋ kaʋ yɔ, pɩkpɛndɩna lesi labʋ taa mbʋ yɔ. Ɛyaa mba pasɩbɩna eeboolaa yɔ, pʋwɛɛ se, pataasɩ-wɛ, pepimi-wɛ kpaakpaa. Pe-ɖipimiye pʋwɛɛ se ɛyaa ɛtɩlɩ labʋ nɛ Eeboolaa ɛtaaɖɛɛ-wɛ.
- ɛyʋ eposi ɛ-tɩ nɛ mba Eeboolaa kpa-wɛ yɔ. Pɩkɩlɩ ɖeu se ɛyʋ ɛtaayɛlɩ yem se ewoki ɖɔkɔtɔnaa taa. Pʋwɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ se ɖɔkɔtɔnaa ɛtɩlɩ camɩyɛ ɛzɩma mbʋ pʋwɛɛ se pɔcɔna mba Eeboolaa kpawa yɔ pɔ-yɔɔ yɔ. Pɩkɩlɩɣ ɖeu se pɛkɛzɩɣ mba Eeboolaa kpawa yɔ kɩjaʋ nɛ patɩlɩ ɛzɩma mbʋ pɔcɔna pɔ-yɔɔ yɔ ɖeu. Pʋwɛɛ se pɔsɔ mba pasɩbɩna Eeboolaa yɔ miŋ kʋsɔbʋ. Pʋwɛɛ se ɖɔk;potɔnaa esuu mbʋ payaɣ se "filtre à air" yɔ pʋcɔ pɔcɔna mba Eeboolaa kpawa yɔ pɔ-yɔɔ.
- ɖɔkɔtɔnaa ehoyisi miŋ n̄ɩɣtʋ ndʋ pakpakɩɣ se palana tʋmɩyɛ yɔ tɩtɩŋa.
Pɩnaɣ 2000 taa Eerɔɔpʋ tɛtʋ ha waɖɛ kɩ-tɛ ɖɔkɔtɔnaa se patazɩ nɛ pana kʋdɔŋ piye Eeboolaa kɛ mbʋ yɔ. Ɖɔkɔtɔ kuduyuu ŋgʋ kɩ-tɛɛ palakɩ n̄ɩnʋʋ tʋmɩyɛ yɔ, kɩ-tɛɛ pʋwɛɛ se patazɩ nɛ pana mbʋ Eeboolaa kɛwa yɔ. Lyon egeetiye taa, Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa ɖɔkɔtɔ kuduyuu ŋgʋ payaɣ se "laboratoire P4 Jean Mérieux" yɔ, kɩ-tɛɛ palaba Eeboolaa yɔɔ tʋmɩyɛ.
Pɩnaɣ 2012 taa Ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se "NIH" yɔ, ɖɩwɛ Etazuunii ɛjaɖɛ taa; ɖɩpaɣzɩ cɛlʋʋ liidiye "Albert Einstein College of Medicine" ɖɔkɔtɔ se kɩn̄ɩnɩ nɛ kɩna mbʋ pʋwɛ Eeboolaa taa kpem yɔ nɛ ɛzɩma mbʋ kʋdɔŋ piye nɖɩ ɖɩcɔʋ kpɩnɛ calɩm taa yɔ.


text:
Kedeŋa kpeekpe you kɩlɛlʋʋ
Kedeŋga kpeekpe you kɩlɛlʋʋ lɩ salaŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ kajalaɣn̄ɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1939 taa. Poyo-kʋ nɛ pɩkɔɔ pɩsɩɩna salaŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ naalɛ n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1945 taa. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se, kedeŋga kpeekpe sɔɔjanaa kpaɣ hɔzɩŋ ɖama yɔɔ pɩnzɩ loɖo mpilim. Kedeŋga kpeekpe ajɛya tɛyɩ a-tɩ huwa naalɛ taa nɛ ayou nɛ ɖama. Payaɣ kajalaɣ huuye se "Alliés" waa nɛ naalɛ n̄ɩnɖɛ se "Axe" ajɛya.
Atulisa kedeŋga kpeekpe you kɩlɛlʋʋ ŋ́gʋ?'Modifier
Pɩdacalɩ yem, mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ, kedeŋga kpeekpe kajalaɣ you sɔsɔʋ kalaba nɛ kɩtɛ lɛ, pana se "Axe" ajɛya kotulisina you ŋ́gʋ. Pʋ-yɔɔ Ajɛya kpeekpe Kɩgbɛndʋʋ Ƞgbɛyɛ, "SDN", ɖʋ paɣtʋ se "Axe" ajɛya ɩn̄ɔɔzɩ mbʋ mbʋ you ŋ́gʋ kɩlaba nɛ pɩwɛɛkɩ yɔ pɩtɩŋga payɩ. Pɛpɛlɩ-yɛ ɖɔɖɔ'ɔ kɩma ndɩ ndɩ sakɩyɛ. Paɖʋ-yɛ paɣtʋ ɖoŋ n̄ɩndʋ ndɩ ndɩ ɖɔɖɔ. "Axe "ajɛya ana, akizi paɣtʋ ndʋ paɖʋ-yɛ mbʋ yɔ tɩ-yɔɔ ɖɔm. Pɩtasɩ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, Caama, Itaalii nɛ Sapɔŋ pa-ajɛya n̄ʋŋdɩnaa kɔsɔɔla kpem se pamʋ ajɛya lɛɛna tɛtʋ nɛ pawalanzɩ pa-n̄ɩna. Peeye you paɣzaa.
Ɖooo hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ, kɩyakʋ hiu nɛ lutozo (18) pɩnaɣ 1936 taa you paɣzɩ Ɛsɩpaañɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ lʋbɛ (7) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1937 taa lɛ, you lɩɩ Siini nɛ Sapɔŋ pa-ajɛya hɛkʋ taa. Salaŋ fenaɣ kajalaɣ kɩyakʋ n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1939 taa lɛ, you lɩɩ Pɔlɔɔñɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Pɔlɔɔñɩ you ŋ́gʋ kɩlɩna nɛ ajɛya sɔsɔna sʋʋ you taa. Ajɛya sɔsɔna ana, ana'a yɔ: Fransɩ nɛ Kewiyaɣ Kɩkpɛndaɣ nɛ ajɛya cikpena kpeekpe wena ajɛya sɔsɔna naalɛ ana acɔŋna a-yɔɔ yɔ. Salaŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ naadozon̄ɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1939 taa ajɛya sɔsɔna anɛ asʋ you sɔsɔʋ ŋ́gʋ kɩ-taa. URSS ɛjaɖɛ n̄asʋ kɩ-taa pɩnaɣ 1941 taa, mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ, Caama kʋyɩ ɖɩ-yɔɔ. Etaazuunii n̄asʋ kɩ-taa saŋgayɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ lʋbɛn̄ɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1941 taa ɖɔɖɔ. Pɩlaba se you taɣna kedeŋa kpeekpe ajɛya tɩŋga lɛ.
You ŋ́gʋ kɩpaɣzɩ hɛʋ pazɩ pazɩ agoza fenaɣ kɩyakʋ lutozo n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1945 taa. Ɛlɛ, Caama ɛjaɖɛ pɩnɩ siŋŋ nɛ ɖɩlɔ ɖise nɛ pɩla se you paɣzɩ hɛʋ. Salaŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ naalɛ n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1945 taa hɔzɩŋ ko siŋŋ "Asie Pacifique" hɔɔlʋʋ taa nɛ Sapɔŋ ɛjaɖɛ hoo nɛ ɖɩlɔ ɖise. Mbʋ labɩna nɛ you tɛzɩ tɛm kpaakpaa.
Ɛbɛ kedeŋa kpeekpe you kɩlɛlʋʋ kʋnɛ kɩwɛɛkaa?Modifier
Ɖooo ɛzɩ kedeŋ wɛʋ yɔ, wiɖiyi ɛyʋ tana you nakʋyʋ ɛzɩ you kʋnɛ yɔ. You kʋnɛ kɩtaɣna kedeŋa kpeekpe ajɛya ɛzɩ hiŋ loɖo nɛ kʋɖʋm yɔ. You laɖaa n̄ɛwɛɛ ɛzɩ ɛyaa miiliyɔɔwaa mɩnʋʋ mbʋ yɔ nɛ pɩɖɛɛ pʋ-yɔɔ. Ɛyaa ɛzɩ miiliyɔɔwaa hiŋ loɖo nɛ naalɛ mbʋ yɔ. Pa-taa lɛ, sɔɔjanaa tɔɖɔɔ pɩtalɩ mba pɛtɛkɛ sɔɔjanaa yɔ.
Kedeŋa kpeekpe you kɩlɛlʋʋ kʋnɛ kiyeba nɛ ɛyaa lɩmaɣzɛ lɛɣzɩ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ hɔɔlɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ nʋmɔʋ taa. Kɩwɛɛkɩ tɛtɛɛ n̄ɩm sakɩyɛ nɛ ajɛya ndɩ ndɩ tɔsɩŋ pɩsɩna wayɩ siŋŋ. Kɩlɛɣzɩ ɛyaa lɩmaɣzɛ politiki labʋ nʋmɔʋ taa. Mbʋ mbʋ you kʋnɛ kɩwɛɛkaa yɔ, ɛyʋ ɛɛpɩzɩɣ ɛtɩlɩ pʋ-n̄ʋʋ ɖeyi ɖeyi. Ɖooo ɛzɩ kedeŋa wɛʋ yɔ, wiɖiyi ɛyʋ tanada ḿbʋ. Kiliɣti ɛyaa n̄ʋŋ taa siŋŋ. Sɔɔjanaa kʋ ɛyaa tɛtɛ kʋʋ. Wiɖiyi ɛyʋ tana ḿbʋ nɛ ɛna. Caama nɛ Sapɔŋ pa-ajɛya taa sɔɔjanaa kɩlɩna ɛzaɣtʋ ndʋʋ labʋ kpem. Ajɛya ana a-taa sɔɔjana ku ɛyaa ɛgbɔŋ ɛgbɔŋ nɛ powona pa-pɩlɩŋ taa nɛ ponuutuu-wɛ nɛ paɖʋʋ-wɛ tʋma ɖoŋ n̄ɩna. Pʋwayɩ lɛ, pakʋʋ-wɛ tɛtɛ kʋʋ. Pa-pɩlɩŋ lɛɛŋ n̄ɛwɛɛ nɛ paɖʋ tɩŋ ɛ-taa. Pɩlɩŋ ɛnʋ ɛ-taa poku Yuudaa nɛ Slaves nɛ Tziganes pa-n̄ɩma nɛ powona nɛ pɔtɔyɩtɩ-wɛ nɛ paɖɩzɩ pe-lila taa n̄ɩma tɩŋa, pɩtakazɩ paa kʋɖʋm. Nabʋyʋ taa kɔyɔ, pokuu ɛyaa mba pasʋʋna ɖama ɛzɩ halʋ nɛ abalʋ yɔ nɛ powokina pɩlɩŋ ɛnʋ ɛ-taa nɛ pakʋʋ-wɛ kʋɖʋm kʋɖʋm. Mbʋ ɖɔɖɔ palaba halaa mba papa sʋʋna ɖama ɛzɩ halʋ nɛ abalʋ yɔ. Paɖɩzɩ patɩŋa, pɩtakazɩ paa kʋɖʋm.
Ɖooo ɛzɩ kedeŋa wɛʋ yɔ, wiɖiyi pɔtɔtɔ hɔzʋʋ ŋgʋ payaɣ se "Bombe atomique" yɔ. Ɛlɛ, kigiluu you kʋnɛ kɩ-taa pɔtɔ-kʋ Sapɔŋ ɛjaɖɛ, Hiroshima nɛ Nagazaki pɛ-tɛtʋ taa. Kedeŋa kpeekpe you kɩlɛlʋʋ kʋnɛ kiyeba nɛ Etaazuunii nɛ URSS pa-ajɛya tɔsʋʋ ɖɛɛna ɛsɩndaa pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ. Ajɛya sɔsɔna ana awabɩna kigiluu you kɩlɛlʋʋ kʋnɛ. Ajɛɛ naalɛ ana akɩlɩna ɖɛʋnɛ ɛsɩndaa tɔsʋʋ nɛ tɛtɛɛ n̄ɩm nɛ hɔzɩŋ lubu nɛ politiki labʋ nɛ n̄ɩnʋʋ lɛɣtʋ kpeekpe pa-nʋmɔŋ taa. Ajɛya naalɛ ana apɩzɩɣ an̄azɩ kedeŋa kpeekpe ajɛya lɛɛna pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩ pɩnzɩ 45 mbʋ yɔ. Ajɛya sɔsɔna naalɛ ana alʋbɩna nɛ Aazii tɛtʋ taa Aaraabɩ ajɛya hiɣ a-tɩ yɔɔ wɛʋ. Ana lʋbɩna ɖɔɖɔ nɛ Afrɩka ajɛya hiɣ a-tɩ yɔɔ wɛʋ pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩ pɩnaɣ 196à n̄ɩŋga taa. Alʋba ɖɔɖɔ nɛ kedeŋa kpeekpe ajɛya wɛɛna ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩkandɩɣ laŋhɛzɩyɛ nɛ ɖiɣɖiɣ caɣʋ nɛ ajɛya kpeekpe ɖama nɩnaʋ yɔɔ yɔ. Alʋkɩ ɖɔɖɔ se ɛyʋ waɖɛ yɔɔ kandɩyʋ ɛɖɛɛna ɛsɩndaa paa ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa. Ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se ONU. Ajɛya ana, alʋba ɖɔɖɔ nɛ kedeŋa kpeekpe ajɛya ɖʋ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩlʋkɩ liidiye lubu ɛsɩndaa wobu nʋmɔʋ taa yɔ. Payaɣ ŋgbɛyɛ ɖɩɖɩ se "FMI".
Kigiluu you sɔsɔʋ kɩlɛlʋʋ kʋnɛ kiyeba nɛ "Eerɔpʋ" tɛtʋ taa ajɛya wena awɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʋyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ taa yɔ, a-tɔsʋʋ huu nɛ pɩkɩlɩ ɛzɩ ɖooo lɛ yɔ.


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Kɔŋgo Pirazaaviili
Ɖooo lɛ payawaɣ Kɔŋgoo -Pɩrazaaviili se Kɔŋgoo kɩmaɣnaʊ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩwɛ Fransɩ nesi tɛɛ lɛ.
Kɔŋgɔo-Pɩrazaaviili wɛ ndɩ nɛ Kɔŋgoo-Kiŋsasa. Payawaɣ Kɔŋgoo-Kɩŋsasa se Kɔŋgoo-Bɛlɩzɩ pɩnzɩ 1908 nɛ 1960 taa nɛ patasɩ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ yaʊ ɖɔɖɔ se Zayiiri kpaɣ pɩnzɩ 1971 nɛ 1997. Ŋgʊ ɖɔɖɔ payaɣ se Kabindaa.
Kɔŋgoo-Bɛlɩzɩ kɛna lɛlɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ payaɣ se Kɔŋgoo-Kɩŋsasa yɔ. Payaɣʊ kpem se Kɔŋgoo yɔ, pɩkɛna tɔm piye nɖɩ ɖɩwɩlɩɣ ɛyʊ weyi ɛkɛ ɛyʊ kɩkpɛdʊ tʊmlaɖʊ weyi poholay-ɩ nɛ yomiye taa yɔ.


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Ɖaakuɖe pombo
Ɖaakuɖe pombo kɛ papaŋna yaɣʋ fɩɖansɩ taa tobi yem size ɖaakuɖe ɖɔɖɔ. Nɛ tɩ-wɩlɩɣ ɖʋ kpakpa size pombo n̄ɩŋgʋ payaɣ mbʋ. Kɩ-kɛna kpɛndʋ tɛ spɔɖɛ, nɛ kɩ-pɔzʋʋ tɛyɩtʋ hɔlɩŋ nɩɩlɛ, nɛ maɖaa kagbaazɩ hɔlʋʋ hɔlʋʋ. Kadaɣ ŋga pamakɩ ka-taa yɔ, kawalana ɖalakɩŋ taa kiŋ.
Paɣ hɔlʋʋ ŋgʋ lɛ pʋwɛna kʋ size kɩ-cɛyɩ kɩ-tɩ nɛ, kɩ-ɖɛzɩ paalɩ nɛ kʋɖʋzɩ caciboo ŋga palʋ kɛ nɛ kawalaŋzɩ wɛna 46 sentimɛter (centimètre) yɔ ka-taa. Nɛ posusi kɛ nɛ kpenzelaɣ nakɛyɛ. Kana tɛtʋ poposɩna ɖama ɛzɩ 3,05 mɛta yɔ : koli. Hɔlʋʋ ŋgʋ kɩcɛɣʋ kɩ-tɩ nɛ kʋɖʋzɩɣ paalɩ ɖaakuɖe nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa yɔ, kɩ-kɛʋ waɖʋ. Mba paɖʋsʋ ɖaakuɖe nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa pombo lɛ, pɛwɛna kpaɣla (kɩyaɖɛ) naadozo kpakpa kɛlɛ mbɩyɔ pɔ-hɔlʋʋ taa.
Ɖaakuɖe pombo kʋnɛyɔ, nesi ɖeke koŋ kɛ pamakɩna-kʋ, nɛ pombo maɖaa ɖɔkʋ-kʋ pe-nesi tɛɛ nɛ payakɩ-kʋ nɛ tɛtʋ nɛ pɔcɔʋ ɖama taa. Hɔlʋʋ ŋgʋ kɩ-taa mba nesi tɛɛ pombo wɛ yɔ, kɩ-tɛ (ɖaakuɖe taa pombo ɖʋzɩyaa) mba lakɩ ɖɛfɛ ɖɛfɛ se paɖʋzɩ pombo ɖaakuɖe taa se pehiu kpaɣla.
Ɖʋzɩyaa panɛyɔ, pɛ-lɛɣtʋ ndʋ paɖʋzʋ na pombo ɖaakuɖe taa yɔ : lɔʋ pombo, nɛ ɖama ɖɛzʋ pombo camɩyɛ, nɛ naŋgbanzɩ kpɛzʋ lɔŋ lɔŋ nabʋlɛ nabʋlɛ. Pʋpʋ taa mbɩyɔ lɛ, hɔlʋʋ ŋgʋ pombo fɛyɩ kʋ-cɔlɔ yɔ, ɖaŋʋʋ lɛlaa mba pɔɖɔka pombo yɔ.
Pɔlɔʋ nesi hɔlɩŋ tɩŋkɛ taa payɩ se pamʋ pombo. Pɔlɔʋ pombo ɛsɔdaa nɛ kɩ-taɖʋ ɖaakuɖe taa lɛ, paa hɔlʋʋ ŋgʋ lɛ kɩ-maɖaa cɛɣʋ pa-tɩ se pakpa pombo kidiɖe se kɩya tɛtaa.
James Naismith kɛ lɔŋ sɩɣzʋʋ spɔɖɛ wɩlɩyʋ. Ɛnʋ lɩzana ɖaakuɖe pombo kɛ pɩnaɣ 1891 taa kɛ Massachusetts ɛjaɖɛ taa (Etaazuunii). Ɛlɩmaɣzɩ kɛlɛ size pɩ-ɖɔkɩ e-sukili piya tomnasɩ ɖoŋ kɛ nikaɣ alʋwaatʋ taa. Spɔɖɛ kʋnɛyɔ, sakɩyɛ tɩ-pazɩɣ kɩlabʋ nɛ kɩ-tɩ ɖɛʋ nɛ ɛsɩnda kɛ sukilinaa cikpema nɛ sʋsa pa-taa kɛ Amerika nɛ hayi kiŋ. Pɩkɛ kpaɖʋ paasɩtʋ taa.
Cejewiye nɖɩ ɖɩɖɔkʋ ɖaakuɖe pombo kʋnɛ kɩ-paɣtʋ yɔ paya size (FIBA). Palɩsɩ kʋ pɩnaɣ 1932. Nɛ pɔsɔzɩ kʋ Olɛmpiki amʋʋza yɔ kɛ pɩnaɣ 1936.


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Najib Mahfouz
Najib Mahfouz kɛ Egipiti tʋ. Pʋtɔbʋʋ size ɛkɛ malɩŋ ajɛɛ tɛtʋ taa pɩya. Palʋla ɖajaa ɛnɛɛ saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ taa kɩyakʋ hiu nɛ kʋɖʋmʋ (11) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye pɩnaɣ 1911 n̄ɩŋga taa.
Ɖajaa sɔsɔ Najib Mahfouz ɛnɛ, ɛkɛ pɩya ŋga kaawɛ lɔŋ nɛ lɛɣtʋ kpekpekaɣ siŋŋ yɔ kɛ ka-pɩcatʋ taa. Pasaŋga kɛ siŋŋ kɛ ka-tabalaa ɛsɩnda. Ɖajaa sɔsɔ ɛnɛ, ɛsɩba kɩyɛɛna fenaɣ taa kɩyakʋ hiŋ naadozo (30) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye pɩnaɣ 2006 n̄ɩŋga taa. Pɩlaba size ɛwɛna pɩnzɩ hiŋ lutozo nɛ kagbanzɩ (85) lɛ ɛsɩba.
Tɛtʋ lone nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa ɛsɩba yɔ patatɩlɩ ɖɩ keekee. Ɖajaa sɔsɔ Najib Mahfouz kɛna ɛ-ɛjaɖɛ Egipiti tɛtʋ taa maɣzɩm takayasɩ kɩkalɩsɩ mayʋʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ. Ɛmaɣ ɛ-takayasɩ kɩkalasɩ sɩnɛ nɛ ɛ-kʋnʋŋ arabɩ taa. Ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ abalʋ lɔŋ tʋ yaa lɛɣtʋ tʋ ma-hɩɖɛ sɛwa tʋ nɔɔyʋ Egipiti tɛtʋ taa nɛ kedeŋa yɔɔ.
Pɛcɛla ɖajaa sɔsɔ Najib Mahfouz Egipiti tʋ ɛnɛ, maɣzɩm takayasɩ kɩkalasɩ maʋ samtʋ takayaɣ pɩnaɣ 1988 n̄ɩŋga taa. Ɛmaɣzɩm takayasɩ kɩkalasɩ maʋ tʋmɩyɛ kaatʋzɩna ɖɔɖɔ, wɛɛ kɩfam nɛ caanaʋ tɔm alɩwaatʋ taa.
Ɖajaa Najib ɛnɛ, ɛ-hɔʋ wɛ n̄ɩm pazɩ. Pʋyɔɔ pɩsɩna-ɩ siŋŋ nɛ ɛla ɛyʋ yɔɔ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ tʋmɩyɛ kpɛlɛkʋʋ sukuli kɩtɛzʋʋ taa.


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Lɩm wadʋʋ
Lɩm wadʋʋ kɛna lɩm ɛwadɩyɛ yaa lɩm tɛɛ nabʋyʋ sʋsʋʋ. Pʋtɔbʋʋ size, lɩm kɩlɩʋ ɖɔʋʋ kpem kɛ lone naɖɩyɛ taa lɛ, piyele nɛ pɩwadɩʋ pɩtalɩʋ lone wena a-taa lɩm ɛɛtɩ-ɩ cakɩ yɔ. Pɩ-tatasɩ pɩwɛ piɖikpenɖe lone taa ɛzɩ payaɣʋ size lɔʋʋ taa yɔ ɖeke.
Lɩm wadʋʋ tɔm biye ɖɩnɛ, pakpakʋ-ɖɩ nɛ paɖʋʋ lɩm hɔɔlɩŋ nʋmɔŋ sakɩyɛ taa. Pɩkɛna lɩm kpem mbʋ pɩɖɩzʋʋ lɩm lɔŋ yɔ. Pɩtɛ lɩm kɩwadɩm mbʋ, pusuu pɔɔ kɛ nabʋyʋ taa, nɛ alɩwaatʋ natʋyʋʋ lɛ, pɩ-tɛ lɩm mbʋ, pɩpasʋʋ kɩpasʋ nɛ pɩɖɛʋ tɛtʋ hɔɔlɩŋ lɛɛŋ yɔ.
Lɩm pʋnɛ, pɩwalanzɩ talɩʋ hɔɔlɩŋ sakɩyɛ taa. Hɔɔlɩŋ ɛnʋ ɛ-taa nɩyɛ hɩla kɔyɔ : talwegs waa taa mbɩ yɔ, nɛ lona lɛɛna sakɩyɛ ndɩ ndɩ taa. Lɩm kpodosuu yaa lemeɣa tɩyɛ kpodo kpodo kpemtu wɛ feveɖe siŋŋ kɛ, tɛtʋ kɩhayɩtʋ taa yaa hayɩm tɛtʋ taa. Pɩsɩʋna ɖɔɖɔ nɛ tɛtʋ ndʋ tɩwɛ cʋsɩɩ nɛ tɩ-hakɩ lɩm kaʋ yɔ, tɩ-haɣ lɩm.
Lɩm wadʋʋ kpaɖʋ kpem yeba nɛ pɩkɔŋna tɩlasɩ sakɩyɛ ndɩ ndɩ. Pʋnʋmɔʋ taa peeɖe n̄ɩnɩyaa lʋba nɛ pan̄ɩnɩ nʋmɔŋ weyi pawabɩna lɩm nɛ pɩtaabɩzɩ pɩwɛɛkɩ nabʋyʋ yɔ. Kajalaɣ taa lɛ, pehiu koloŋga yaa kamanaʋ size paɖaŋgɩna lɩm kɩwaadɩm se pitaakpeŋ yem kɛ paa le. Fransɩ kʋnʋŋ taa lɛ payaɣ pɩtɛ kamanaŋ ɛnʋ size "digues" waa.
Palakaɣ ɖɔɖɔ lɔɔŋ ɖʋʋ yaa palaazaɣ lɔɔŋ size lɩm ehiu ɖikpenɖe camɩyɛ. Pɩkɛna mɛlɛ waa ɖɩɖɔnɛ n̄ɔɔzɩtʋ yaa ɖaɣnɩtʋ. Payaɣ lɩm kɩwadɩm pʋnɛ pɩtɛ lakasɩ sɩnɛɛ yɔ nɛ fransɩ kʋnʋŋ taa size "canalisations". Pɩtɛ lɩm mbʋ, pɔn̄ɔɔzʋʋ pʋʋ lɛ, papɩzʋʋ pɔn̄ɔɔ yaa palabɩna haɖaʋ tʋmɩyɛ.
Lɩm wadʋʋ kɛna asɛyʋ yaa kɛgbɛdɛsaɣ kɛ kedeŋa hɔɔlɩŋ kpeekpe taa. Ɖɩgbaɣ ɛzɩ Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ, nɛ kʋlʋmaɣ ilemiye ɛjaɖɛ nɛ ajɛɛ sakɩyɛ lɛɛna kɔyɔ, ɖɩnaɣ size lɩm wadʋʋ kɛna asɛyʋ sɔsɔʋ ŋgʋ kɩwɛɛkʋʋ siŋŋ yɔ kɛ kedeŋa yɔ cɩnɛ. Paaleɣyʋna lɩm wadɩtʋ, pɩkɛna pɩyʋ kisem.


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Everest pʋʋ
Everest pʊʊ wɛ Himalaya pʊŋ hɛkɩŋ taa; kpaɣna Nepaalɩ, ɖenɖe payaɣ se Sagarmatha yɔ nɛ ŋkɔɔ ŋsɩɩna Siini hɔɔlʊʊ ŋgʊpayaɣ se Tibet yɔp. Eerɔpʋ mba na-kʊ pɩnaɣ 1847 nɛ pamaazɩ-kʊ lɛ pana se kʊ-kʊkʊyɩŋ taa maɣna mɛtanaa 8848; nɛ ŋgʊ kɩlɩna kʊyʊʊ keteŋga kpeekpe taa. Pʊʊ ŋgʊ, pɩnaɣ 1865 taa kɛ paya-kʊ kɩ-hɩɖɛ nɖɩ nɛ kpaɣna pɩnaɣ 1920 taa lɛ papaɣzɩkʊ-yɔɔ kolokaɣ seu.
Ɛlɛ, pʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-nikaɣ yɔɔ lɛ, ɛyaa nabɛyɛ sɩkɩ paa ɛsɩmtaa. Pɩnaɣ 1924 taa mba payaɣ se George Mallory nɛ Andrew Irvine yɔ, pakpawaɣ pʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa yɔ pehiu sɩm nɛ nɔɔyʊ ɛɛsɩŋ se papɩzaa patalɩ kɩ-taa yaa patatalɩ. Pɩnaɣ 1950 taa kɛ Népal ha nʊmɔʊ se weyi ɛsɔɔla se ɛkpaɣ kɩ-taa ɛpɩsɩɣ ɛkpa yem faaa. Paakpaɣ kɩ-taa lɛ, papɩzɩɣ patɩŋgɩna pɩtɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ nɛ pɩhadɛ kɩŋ; ɛlɛ pɩcaɣ kaɖɛ ɖɔɖɔ se ɛyʊ ɛtʊlɩ kɩ-taa. Kpaagbaa mbʊ yɔ mlɛ, pɩnzɩ nasɩtozo wayɩ lɛ, Edmund Hillary nɛ Tensing Norgay papɩzaa nɛ pakpa kɩ-taa nɛ patʊlɩ.
Kpaɣ nɛ mbʊyɔ, kɩ-yɔɔ kpaʊ wɛɛ nɛ pɩkpaɣ ɖoŋ n ɛ pɩkpaɣ. Ɛlɛ pɩnaɣ 1996 taa kɛkpɛtɛsaɣ sɔsɔwa nakɑyɛ laba nɛ ɛyaa sakɩyʒe hiu sɩm; nɛ kpaʊ nɛ mbʊ nɛ sɔnɔyɔ ɛyaa ɛzɩ mɩnɩŋ naalɛ sɩba. Paa nɛ mbʊ yɔ ɛyaa eeyeki kɩ-taa kpaʊ se pala ɛsɩyɛ egbena. Ɛyaa ɛzɩ kudokiŋ hiu nɛ naanza taka se pakpa kɩ-taakpaɣ pɩnaɣ 1922 taa nɛ pa-taa lɛ, kudokiŋ naanza pɩzɩna nɛ patʊlɩ kɩ-taa hem; ɛlɛ sherpas mba wɛna nɛ pasɩŋna-wɛ nɛ patʊlɩɣ kɩ-taa.
Pɩnaɣ 1847 taa anasaayɩnaa nabɛyɛ lɩ kʋ-yɔɔ. Pɩnzɩ cabɩ wayɩ lɛ, pamaɣzɩ kɩ-kʋkʋyɩmɩŋ nɛ pana se kɩtalɩ mɛtɛnaa 8 848. "Everest" pʋʋ kɩlɩna kʋyʋʋ kedeŋa yɔɔ cɩnɛ. Pʋ-yɔɔ kɩpɩsɩ ɛsɩyɛ egbena lone nɛ paa pɩnaɣ ŋga lɛ, anasaayɩnaa sakɩyɛ , kɔzɔ kɔzɩ "iŋkilisi" n̄ɩma, powoki nɛ pakpaɣ kʋ-yɔɔ. Ɛlɛ, ɛyaa ɛzɩ 200 mbʋ yɔ hiɣ sɩm pʋʋ ŋgʋ kɩ-kpaʋ nʋmɔʋ taa mbʋ yɔ pɩcaɣ kaɖɛ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ nɛ pʋcɔ ɛyʋ tʋlɩ kʋ-n̄ʋʋ taa. Pɩnaɣ 1924 taa ɖajanaa panɛ George Mallory nɛ Andrew Irvine pakpaɣ nʋmɔʋ se powoki nɛ pakpa kʋ-n̄ʋʋ yɔɔ nɛ halɩ nɛ sɔnɔ patapɩsɩ, ɛyʋ tana mbʋ pɩtɛmna-wɛ yɔ.
Everest pʋʋ wɛ Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa, Neepalɩ tɛtʋ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ taa, Xigazê egeetiye taa ɖeyi ɖeyi. Ɛyʋ ɛtalɩ Neepaalɩ tɛtʋ taa nɛ ɛkpaɣ "Col Sud" nʋmɔʋ yɔ, ɛlɩɣ kʋ-yɔɔ tobi. Kaaŋ sɔsɔŋ weyi payaɣ se "roches sédimentaires" yɔ, ɛnʋ wɛnɩ kʋ-n̄ʋʋ yɔɔ nɛ weyi payaɣ ɛlɛ se "roches métamorphiques" yɔ, ɛlɛ n̄ɛwɛɛ ki-liu tɛɛ.


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Kpɩnɛ laɣsɩ
Kpɩnɛ laɣsɩ pɩkɛ kɩɖɛzɩtʊ pɩyʊ yaa mbʊ palɩʊlɩna ɛyʊ, nɛ laɣsɩ kpeekpe wɛɛ ɛzɩ kpɩnɛ lakʊ yɔ. Tɩwɛ paa kpɩnɛ nɖɩ lɛ, ɖɩ-cɔlɔ nɛ paa nɖɩ lɛ nɛ ɖɩ-lakasɩ ɖɔɖɔ. Tɩ-kpɛlɛkɩtʊ pɔzɩ lɛɣtʊ sakɩyɛ. Ɖɩkpaɣ ɛzɩ kpɩnɛ wezuu kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɔm (kpɩnɛ ɖɔnɛ kpɛlɛkʊʊ nɛ tomnasi liɖe ñɩnʊʊ), maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkʊʊ, kpaŋ kʊdɔmɩŋ kpɛlɛkʊʊ, ɛyʊ kpɛlɛkʊʊ nɛ ɛyʊ yɔɔ maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkʊʊ.
Ɖɩlɩzɩ kpɩnɛ laɣsɩ tɔbʊʊ, pɩlɩna ɛzɩma sakɩyɛ taa palakɩ tɔmʊʊ ŋgʊ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ yɔ, laɣsɩ nasɩyɛ wɛɛ ɛyʊ taa nɛ sɩkɛ ɖooo kiɖe tɛɛ wɛtʊ e-tomnaɣ taa. Kpɩnɛ laɣsɩ tɛ tɔbʊʊ se ɖooo kiɖe tɛɛ, pɩcɔ lɩzɩɣ kɛlɛ ɛ nɛ mbʊ pɛkpɛlɛkʊʊ yaa pɔsɔzʊʊ yɔ palʊkɩna ɖama ɛyʊ cɔlɔ.
Lɛɣtʊ tʊmɩyɛ kɛlɛ se pañɩnɩ nɛ patɩlɩ kpɩnɛ wɛtʊ ɖɩ-lone taa, kiɖe tɛɛ tʊma ana Konrad Lorenz pɩnzɩ 1903 ŋtalɩ 1989, Nikolaas Tinbergen pɩnzɩ 1907 ŋtalɩ 1988 nɛ Karl von Friesch pɩnzɩ 1886 ŋtalɩ 1982 ɛyaa pa nɛ palabɩna tʊma ana kɛ kpaɣɖʊ 20 hɔɔlʊʊ kajalaɣ ŋgʊ taa. Patɩŋga pɛkpɛndɩ mʊʊ Nobel liidiye kɩhɛyʊʊ pɩlɩna ajɔɔla tʊmɩyɛ kpɛlɛkʊʊ yɔɔ pɩnaɣ 1973.
Pɩkɛ kɩjɛyʊʊ se ɖɩnɩɩ se paɖʊ-tʊ tɔm ndʊ ɛyʊ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ taa yɔ kɛ tɩgbayɩŋ kpɛlɛkɩtʊ tɔm, palaba tʊmɩyɛ nɖɩ kɛ kpaɖʊ 20 hɛkʊ hɔɔlʊʊ naalɛ ŋgʊ taa pɩtɩŋna pʊ-tʊmɩyɛ tɩnaa pa nɛ yɔ pɔ-yɔɔ Louis Leakey (1903-1972), Jane Goodall (palʊla-ɩ pɩnaɣ 1934), Dian Fossey (1932-1985), Desmond Morris4 (palʊla-ɩ pɩnaɣ 1928) nɛ Birutė Galdikas (palʊla-ɩ pɩnaɣ 1946).


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Rap
Rap kɛ yɔɔdaɣ nɛ payɛ cɩmʊʊ, kɩkɛ kagbanzɩ mʊsɩ taa mʊsɩ lɛɛsɩ nzɩ sɩtɩna hɩpɔpʊ ɛsɩnda ɖɛʊʊ yɔ, ɖɩlɩ pɩnzɩ 1970 pazɩyɛ alɩwaatʊ taa kɛ Etaazuunii Yuda ɛyaa tɛ ageeta taa. Pasɩma payɛ ndɩ ɖɩ-tɛ yɔɔdaɣ wɛtʊ nɛ ɖɩ-tɛ nantaŋ ɖʊyʊʊ. Minziiki naa lalaa kaawɛ ɛwayɩ kpaɣ rege, blu, jazz nɛ rɔkɩ mbʊ lɛ, kʊ-nɛ yɔ ɛyaa sɔɔlʊʊ-kʊ sakɩyɛ kpaɣ pɩnzɩ 1980 wɛɛ taa.
Tɔmpiye rap lɩna Ɛnglɩsɩ kʊnʊŋ mbʊ se to rap, pɩkɛ lakaɣ nɛ kɔ-tɔbʊʊ se kɔkɔɖɛ yabɩtʊ, ɛyaa yɔɔ caɣʊʊ. Enzo Gonçave ñaɖanɩ lɩzɩɣ kpaɣ ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1541 alɩwaatʊ tɔbʊʊ lɛɛkʊ nɛ ɛtɔŋ pɩkɛ kañatʊ yɔɔdɩtʊ yaa tolom tolom yɔɔdɩtʊ. Amerika ɛyaa tɛ tɔm kpou American Slang de Wentworth nɛ Flexner taa lɛ pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se yɔɔdɩnaʊʊ nɛ nɔɔyʊ, sɩmtʊ, pawɩlɩɣ ɛyʊ nabʊyʊ yɔ, pɩnaɣ 1931 lɛ pɔtɔŋ se pɩkɛ kaŋ yɔɔdaɣ yaa keelee yɔɔdʊʊ.
Payaɣa se rap lɛ pɩɩkɛ ɖooo pɩnzɩ 1971 alɩwaatʊ taa yɔɔdasɩ nzɩ paaɖʊ-sɩ Isaac Hayes, Black Moses kɛlɛmɩŋ takayaɣ taa yɔ, kɔzɩ kɔzɩ ñʊŋ ɛ nɛ ɛ-yɔɔ Ike's Rap, Ike's Rap II, Ike's Rap III, nɛ pɩkpaɣ pɩɖɛɛ mbʊ. Pɩɩkɛ keekee taa lɛ yɔɔdaɣ pɩtaakɛ hendu kitetetu, pɔyɔɔdaɣ pɩlɩna nabʊ yʊ yɔɔ. Kajalaɣ ɛyʊ weyi ɛmakaɣ nɛ ɛpaɣ rap yɔ ɛnʊ yɔ Herc, ɖɩcɔnaɣ pʊwɛ ɛzɩ rap lɩna Afrika ajɛyɛ taa kɛnɛ kajalaɣ ɖeɖe. Mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔɔdaɣ ŋga kaapɔza cɩmʊʊ tʊ, keɣa tʊ.