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Mɔnsɔɔlaa se mankalɩ tɔm tʋnɛ %% kʋnʋŋ taa
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Yesu tɔmkpɛlɩkɩyaa pɩzɩɣ nɛ pakatɩ sɩm (1-4a)
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Fezuu kiɖeɖeu tʋmɩyɛ (4b-16)
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Tɔmkpɛlɩkɩyaa laŋwɛɛkɩyɛ kaɣ pɩsʋʋ taa leleŋ (17-24)
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Yesu wabɩ ɛjaɖɛ (25-33)
16 “Meheyi-mɩ tɔm ndʋ se pɩsa nɛ pitaatuuli-mɩ.
2 Ɛyaa kaɣ-mɩ ɖɔɔnʋʋ Sinaagɔɔgɩ taa. Toovenim taa lɛ, ñɩɣyʋʋ kɔŋ nɛ nɔɔyʋ kʋʋ-mɩ lɛ, ɛkaɣ maɣzʋʋ se tʋmɩyɛ kiɖeɖee naɖɩyɛ ɛlabɩ Ɛsɔ.
3 Ɛlɛ pakaɣ labʋ mbʋ, mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ patɩpɩzɩ nɛ patɩlɩ Caa nɛ patɩtɩlɩ-m ɖɔɖɔ.
4 Paa mbʋ yɔ, meheyi-mɩ tɔm tʋnɛ se pɩsa nɛ ñɩɣyʋʋ talɩɣ se tɩla lɛ, ɩtɔzɩ se maaheyi-mɩ tʋ.
“Mantaaheyi-mɩ tʋ kajalaɣ ɖeɖe, mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ maawɛ mɩ-cɔlɔ.
5 Ɛlɛ lɛɛlɛɛyɔ lɛ, mowoki Weyi etiyi-m yɔ ɛ-cɔlɔ; ɛlɛ mɩ-taa nɔɔyʋ ɛɛpɔzʋʋ-m se: ‘Le ŋwoki?’
6 Ɛlɛ ɛzɩma meheyi-mɩ tɔm ndʋ yɔ pʋyɔɔ lɛ, laŋwɛɛkɩyɛ su mɩ-laŋa taa.
7 Paa mbʋ yɔ meheyiɣ-mɩ toovenim, mɛnɖɛʋ yɔ, mɩ pɩwazɩɣ. Mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ ye mantɩɖɛɛ yɔ, sɩnɩyʋ ɛɛkaɣ kɔm mɩ-cɔlɔ; ɛlɛ ye mɛnɖɛwa yɔ, mankaɣ-ɩ mɩ tiyinuu.
8 Nɛ ɛlɛ kɔŋ lɛ, ɛkaɣ wɩlʋʋ ɛjaɖɛ kpayɩ kpayɩ mbʋ kɩwɛɛkɩm, siɣsiɣ wɛtʋ nɛ tɔm hʋʋ pɛkɛnaa yɔ:
9 kajalaɣ lɛ, ɛkaɣ wɩlʋʋ mbʋ kɩwɛɛkɩm kɛnaa yɔ, mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ pɛfɛyɩnɩ tisuu mɔ-yɔɔ;
10 pʋwayɩ lɛ, ɛkaɣ wɩlʋʋ mbʋ siɣsiɣ wɛtʋ kɛnaa yɔ, mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ mowoki Caa cɔlɔ nɛ ɩɩkaɣ-m tasʋʋ naʋ;
11 kɛdɛzaɣ lɛ, ɛkaɣ wɩlʋʋ mbʋ tɔm hʋʋ kɛnaa yɔ, mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ pahʋnɩ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-ñʋʋdʋ tɔm.
12 “Mantasɩ wɛnʋʋ tɔm sakɩyɛ se meheyiɣ-mɩ, ɛlɛ ɩɩpɩzɩɣ nɛ ɩɖɔkɩ-tʋ lɛɛlɛɛyɔ.
13 Ɛlɛ, alɩwaatʋ ndʋ ɛlɛ kɔŋ yɔ, toovenim fezuu, ɛkaɣ-mɩ ɖiyuu toovenim tɩŋa taa, mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ pɩtɩkɛ ɛ-maɣmaɣ ɛ-tɔm ɛkaɣ yɔɔdʋʋ, ɛlɛ tɔm ndʋ ɛnɩɣ yɔ ndʋ ɛkaɣ yɔɔdʋʋ, nɛ ɛkaɣ-mɩ heyuu mbʋ pɩkaɣ labʋ yɔ.
14 Ɛkaɣ-m sam, mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ tɔm ndʋ ɛkaɣ mʋʋ mɔn-cɔlɔ yɔ, ndʋ ɛkaɣ-mɩ heyuu.
15 Mbʋ payɩ Caa wɛna yɔ, matɩnɩ-pʋ. Pʋyɔɔ mɔyɔɔdaa se tɔm ndʋ ɛmʋʋ mɔn-cɔlɔ yɔ, ndʋ eheyiɣ-mɩ.
16 Pɩkazɩ pazɩ ɩɩkaɣ-m tasʋʋ naʋ, nɛ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, pɩkazɩ pazɩ ɩkaɣ-m naʋ.”
17 Peeɖe ɛ-tɔmkpɛlɩkɩyaa taa nabɛyɛ pɔzɩ ɖama se: “Ɛyɔɔdʋʋ se: ‘Pɩkazɩ pazɩ ɩɩkaɣ-m naʋ, nɛ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, pɩkazɩ pazɩ ɩkaɣ-m naʋ,’ nɛ ɛyɔɔdʋʋ ɖɔɖɔ se: ‘mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ mowoki Caa cɔlɔ’ yɔ, pʋ-tɔbʋʋ lɛ suwe?”
18 Nɛ pɛwɛɛ nɛ pɔtɔŋ se: “Ɛyɔɔdʋʋ se: ‘Pɩkazɩ pazɩ’ yɔ, pʋ-tɔbʋʋ lɛ suwe? Ðɩɩsɩŋ mbʋ pɩ-tɔm ɛyɔɔdʋʋ yɔ.”
19 Yesu kaanawa se pañɩnaɣ se pɔpɔzɩ-ɩ tɔm, peeɖe eheyi-wɛ se: “Ɩwɛɛ nɛ ɩpɔzʋʋ ɖama tɔm mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ mɔyɔɔdaa se: ‘Pɩkazɩ pazɩ ɩɩkaɣ-m naʋ, nɛ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, pɩkazɩ pazɩ ɩkaɣ-m naʋ’ yaa we?
20 Toovenim taa, toovenim taa, meheyiɣ-mɩ se, ɩkaɣ wiu nɛ ipeendiɣ, ɛlɛ ɛjaɖɛ kaɣ wɛʋ laŋhʋlʋmɩyɛ taa; ɩkaɣ wɛʋ laŋwɛɛkɩyɛ taa, ɛlɛ mɩ-laŋwɛɛkɩyɛ kaɣ pɩsʋʋ taa leleŋ.
21 Halʋ kaalʋlʋʋ lɛ, ɛwɛɣ siziŋ taa mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ ɛ-ñɩɣyʋʋ talaa, ɛlɛ alɩwaatʋ ndʋ ɛlʋlʋʋ pɩɣa yɔ, ɛɛtasɩɣ tɔzʋʋ kʋñɔŋ ŋgʋ ɛlaba yɔ kɩ-yɔɔ, mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ ɛ-taa lakɩ leleŋ se ɛlʋlɩ ɛyʋ ɛjaɖɛ yɔɔ.
22 Pʋyɔɔ lɛ mɩ ɖɔɖɔ, lɛɛlɛɛyɔ ɩwɛ laŋwɛɛkɩyɛ taa; ɛlɛ mankaɣ-mɩ tasʋʋ naʋ, nɛ ɩkaɣ wɛʋ laŋhʋlʋmɩyɛ taa, nɛ nɔɔyʋ ɛɛkaɣ mʋʋ mɩ-taa leleŋ.
23 Kɩyakʋ ŋgʋ ki-wiye lɛ, ɩɩkaɣ-m pɔzʋʋ tɔm natʋyʋ. Toovenim taa, toovenim taa, meheyiɣ-mɩ se, ye ɩpɔzɩ nabʋyʋ Caa yɔ, ɛkaɣ-mɩ pʋ cɛlʋʋ ma-hɩɖɛ taa.
24 Halɩ nɛ sɔnɔ ɩtɩpɔzɩ paa pʋyʋ kʋɖʋm ma-hɩɖɛ taa. Ɩpɔzɩ nɛ ɩkaɣ mʋʋ, se pɩsa nɛ mɩ-taa leleŋ wɛɛ pilim.
25 “Meheyi-mɩ tɔm tʋnɛ aduwa taa. Ñɩɣyʋʋ kɔŋ nɛ maakaɣ-mɩ tasʋʋ yɔɔdɩnʋʋ aduwa taa, ɛlɛ mankaɣ-mɩ heyuu Caa yɔɔ tɔm kpayɩ kpayɩ.
26 Kɩyakʋ ŋgʋ ki-wiye lɛ, ɩkaɣ pɔzʋʋ Caa ma-hɩɖɛ taa; mɔyɔɔdʋʋ tɔm tʋnɛ yɔ, pɩtɩwɩlɩ se mankaɣ pɔzʋʋ mi-lone taa.
27 Mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ Caa maɣmaɣ sɔɔlɩ-mɩ, mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ ɩsɔɔlɩ-m nɛ itisi se mɔnkɔm ɛzɩ Ɛsɔ lone taa caɣyʋ yɔ.
28 Mɔnkɔm ɛjaɖɛ yɔɔ ɛzɩ Caa lone taa caɣyʋ yɔ. Lɛɛlɛɛyɔ lɛ, mankʋyʋʋ ɛjaɖɛ yɔɔ nɛ mowoki Caa cɔlɔ.”
29 Ɛ-tɔmkpɛlɩkɩyaa heyi-i se: “Na! Lɛɛlɛɛyɔ lɛ ŋyɔɔdʋʋ kpayɩ kpayɩ nɛ ŋŋyɔɔdʋʋ aduwa taa.
30 Lɛɛlɛɛyɔ lɛ, ɖɩnawa se ŋsɩm pɩtɩŋa payɩ nɛ pɩtɩcɛyɩ se nɔɔyʋ ɛpɔzɩ-ŋ natʋyʋ. Pʋyɔɔ lɛ, ɖitisiɣ se ŋlɩnɩ Ɛsɔ cɔlɔ.”
31 Yesu kitini-wɛ se: “Lɛɛlɛɛyɔ lɛ, itisiɣ?
32 Ɩna! Ñɩɣyʋʋ kɔŋ, toovenim taa kɩtalaa, ŋgʋ kɩ-yɔɔ ɩmɩzɩɣ ɖama nɛ mɩ-taa paa weyi pɩsɩ ɛ-tɛ nɛ iyele men-ɖeke yɔ. Ɛlɛ pɩtɩkɛ men-ɖeke mɛwɛna, mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ Caa wɛ mɔn-cɔlɔ.
33 Meheyi-mɩ tɔm tʋnɛ se pɩsa nɛ pɩtɩŋnɩ mɔ-yɔɔ lɛ, ɩwɛɛnɩ laŋhɛzɩyɛ. Ɩkaɣ tɔɔʋ kʋñɔmɩŋ ɛjaɖɛ yɔɔ, ɛlɛ ɩɖɔkɩ kpam! Mawabɩ ɛjaɖɛ.”
Tayɩ
KRƖSTƲ MBA GRƐƐKƖ MASƖ. ƐJAƉƐ KƖFAƉƐ TƆM ƉƐZƲƲ
Yohanɛɛsɩ 16
Kabɩyɛ
Kalɩ Bibl intɛrnɛɛtɩ yɔɔ
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Tuurkii
Tuurkii (Turquie) kɛna Erɔpɩ nɛ Azii mɩŋŋ-mɩŋŋ taa ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ. Ɖɩnɛ ajɛya wena asɩ-ɖama nɛ kamas,i yɔ ana yɔ: Kɩrɛsɩ, Pulubaarii, Sɔɔrzii, Arimeenii, Azɛɛrɩbayɩjaŋ, Iraŋ, Irakɩ nɛ Siirii.
Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pɔyɔɔdɩɣ nɛ pawɩlɩɣ-kʊ ɖɔɖɔ sukkulinaa taa yɔ, ŋgʊ lɛ Turki. Turkii ɛjaɖɛ kpeekpe taa tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa ñɩm nɛ ɛsɩndaa wobu kɩlaa yɔ ndʊ lɛ Ankara nɛ teɛtʊ ndʊ tɩpɩsɩɣ mbʊ yɩ kpaɣ ɖooo aloma fenaɣ hiu nɛ naatozo pɩnaɣ 1923 taa.
Teŋu Kɩkpɛɛdɩɣ wɛna ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɛ ɖɩ-hayɩ kiŋ piyele nɛ ɖɩ-wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa lɛ, Ezee teŋgu wɛna. Ɖɩ-hadɛ kiŋ lɛ Mediteraanee teŋgu wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa ñɩŋʊ wɛna. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɛ ɖɩwɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ, Tɩrasɩ nɛ Anatoli pɛwɛna.
Sɔɖʊʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ se Mustafa Kemal Atatürk yɔ ɛ-yɔɔ kɛ pltɩŋgɩnaa nɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩñɔ ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1923.

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Kɛdɛsɩ labʋ
●○○ ÐƖCALƖƔ ƐYƲ KATƲƲ LƐ
Tɔm pɔzʋʋ: Ɛzɩma Bibl pɩzɩɣ nɛ kɩsɩnɩ halʋ nɛ ɛ-walʋ?
Bibl mayaɣ: Kol 3:12
Pɩsɩ nɛ ŋna-ɩ tɔm pɔzʋʋ: Ɛzɩma Bibl pɩzɩɣ nɛ kɩsɩnɩ lʋlɩyaa?
○●○ KAJALAƔ PƖSƖ NƐ ŊNA-Ɩ
Tɔm pɔzʋʋ: Ɛzɩma Bibl pɩzɩɣ nɛ kɩsɩnɩ lʋlɩyaa?
Bibl mayaɣ: Kol 3:21
Pɩsɩ nɛ ŋna-ɩ tɔm pɔzʋʋ: Ɛzɩma Bibl pɩzɩɣ nɛ kɩsɩnɩ evebiya nɛ pɛlaa?
○○● PƖSƖ NƐ ŊNA-Ɩ KƖLƐLƲƲ
Tɔm pɔzʋʋ: Ɛzɩma Bibl pɩzɩɣ nɛ kɩsɩnɩ evebiya nɛ pɛlaa?
Bibl mayaɣ: Adu 2:11
Pɩsɩ nɛ ŋna-ɩ tɔm pɔzʋʋ: Ɛbɛ yɔɔ Bibl lɔŋ tasʋʋ wazɩɣ paa ɛzɩmtaa?


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ÑƖM MBƲ PƖWƐ ƐSƆTƆM TAA YƆ | MAATIYEE 25
‘Ɩcaɣnɩ mɩ-ɛsa’
Eduuye nɖɩ Yesu tuu pɛlaa hiu yɔɔ yɔ, ɖitukuuni ɛ-wayɩ tɩŋɩyaa patam numwaa kajalaɣ ɖeɖe; ɛlɛ ɖɩ-taa tɔm tukuuni ɖɔɖɔ paa Krɩstʋ tʋ weyi. (w15 1/3 13-17) ‘Ɩcaɣ nɛ mɩ-ɛsa, ɩɩsɩŋ kɩyakʋ nɛ ñɩɣyʋʋ.’ (Mat 25:13) Ŋpɩzɩɣ nɛ ŋlɩzɩ Yesu eduuye nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa?
Asɛyʋ walʋ (kalɩtʋ 1)—Yesu
Pɛlaa lɔŋsɩnɖaa mba pɔñɔɔzɩ pa-tɩ yɔ (kalɩtʋ 2)—Patam numwaa mba pɔñɔɔzɩ pa-tɩ nɛ palakɩ pa-tʋmɩyɛ nɛ siɣsiɣ wɛtʋ nɛ pañɩlɩsɩɣ ɛzɩ mintʋsʋʋ yɔ nɛ pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩ ɛjaɖɛ tɛm wiye yɔ (Fil 2:15)
Kubuka nakɛyɛ maba se: “Asɛyʋ walʋ talaa kɛlɛ” (kalɩtʋ 6)—Mbʋ pɩwɩlɩɣ kaɣlaa se Yesu wɛʋ alɩwaatʋ paɣzaa yɔ
Pɛlaa kɩmɛlɛmɩŋ (kalɩtʋ 8)—Krɩstʋ mba patam numwaa mba powobi asɛyʋ walʋ katʋʋ ɛlɛ patɩcaɣnɩ pɛ-ɛsa nɛ patɩɖɔkɩ pe-siɣsiɣ wɛtʋ yɔ
Pɛlaa lɔŋsɩnɖaa kizaa se paahaɣ pa-kaɖasɩm (kalɩtʋ 9)—Patam numwaa mba pɛwɛ siɣsiɣ yɔ, pamʋʋ pɛ-kɛdɛzaɣ mayaɣ nɛ pɩtɛ lɛ, pɩɩkaɣ tasʋʋ sam se pasɩnɩ patam numwaa mba patɩɖɔkɩ pe-siɣsiɣ wɛtʋ yɔ
Asɛyʋ walʋ talaa (kalɩtʋ 10)—Pɩkazɩɣ pazɩ se kʋñɔŋ sɔsɔʋ ɛtɛ lɛ, Yesu kɔŋ se ɛhʋʋnɩ ɛyaa tɔm
Pɛlaa lɔŋsɩnɖaa nɛ asɛyʋ walʋ pasʋ kazandʋ kuduyuu tɛɛ nɛ paɖɩɣ tɛya (kalɩtʋ 10)—Yesu kpeɣliɣ patam numwaa mba pɛwɛ siɣsiɣ yɔ nɛ pakpa ɛsɔdaa, ɛlɛ mba pɛfɛyɩ siɣsiɣ yɔ, pelesiɣ ɛsɔdaa kpaʋ waɖɛ nɖɩ paawɛna yɔ


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Kɛdaɣ 68: Abalɩbiya Nzɩ Pefezaa Yɔ
Maɣzɩ se pɩɣa nakɛyɛ sɩba. Ɛzɩma pɩkɛɣnɩ ko-ɖoo ye pefezi-kɛ? Pɩtʋʋ fɛyɩ ɛ-taa lakɩ leleŋ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ! Ɛlɛ, ye ɛyʋ ɛsɩba ɛpɩzɩɣ efe na? Tɔm ndʋ tɩɩtɛm labʋ wiɖiyi na?
Cɔnɩ abalʋ ɛnʋ yɔ, nɛ halʋ ɛnʋ yɔ nɛ pɩɣa ŋga yɔ. Nayʋ Eliya lɛ abalʋ ɛnʋ. Nɛ halʋ ñaakɛ Sarfaatɩ tɛtʋ taa lelu nɔɔyʋ nɛ ɛ-pɩɣa kɛlɛ abalɩbɩɣa ŋga. Kɩyakʋ nakʋyʋ lɛ, abalɩbɩɣa ŋga kahɩnɩ kʋdɔŋ. Pɩkɔɔ pɩkɩlɩ-kɛ nɛ kasɩ. Peeɖe Eliya heyi halʋ se: ‘Cɛlɩ-m ña-pɩɣa.’
Eliya kpaɣ pɩɣa ŋga nɛ ɛkpazɩ ɛsɔdaa ɖaŋ taa nɛ ɛhɩzɩ-kɛ kaɖʋ yɔɔ. Nɛ ɛtɩm nɛ ɛtɔ se: ‘Hayɩ Yehowa, la nɛ pɩɣa fe.’ Nɛ pɩɣa paɣzɩ fezuu. Nɛ Eliya kpaɣ-kɛ nɛ etina nɛ eheyi halʋ se: ‘Ŋnaɣ! Ña-pɩyalʋ wɛ wezuu!’ Pɩ-yɔɔ ko-ɖoo taa pazɩ pɩla leleŋ mbʋ yɔ.
Payaɣaɣ Yehowa nayʋ sɔsɔ lɛlʋ se Eliizee. Ɛɛkɛ Eliya lɩmɖʋyʋ pʋcɔ nɛ ɛpɩsɩɣ nayʋ. Nɛ pɩkɔma lɛ, Yehowa tɩŋnɩ Eliizee yɔɔ nɛ ɛla maamaaci lakasɩ nasɩyɩ. Kɩyakʋ nakʋyʋ Eliizee wobi Sunɛm tɛtʋ taa lɛ, halʋ nɔɔyʋ mʋ-ɩ camɩyɛ. Pʋwayɩ lɛ, halʋ ɛnʋ ɛlʋlɩ abalɩbɩɣa.
Pɩɣa ŋga kapaɣlaa lɛ, tanaŋ nakʋyʋ tɛɛ katɩŋ ka-caa wayɩ hayɩm taa. Pɩkɛdaa lɛ, kapaɣzɩ kubusi mabʋ nɛ kɔtɔŋ se: ‘Ma-ñʋʋ holuu!’ Pakpaɣ-kɛ nɛ patanɩ ɖɩɣa lɛ, kasɩ. Pʋtɔdɩyɛ nɖɩ lɛ! Ko-ɖoo caŋ nɛ ɛɖɛɛ Eliizee wayɩ.
Eliizee talaa lɛ, ɛkpaɣ pɩɣa nɛ ɛsʋʋ ɖaŋ taa. Ɛtɩmnɩ Yehowa nɛ ɛpabɩ pɩɣa yɔɔ. Pɩlabɩ pazɩ lɛ, pisoŋ pɩɣa nɛ kacɩmɩsɩ tam lʋbɛ. Ko-ɖoo sʋwa nɛ ɛmaɣnɩ-kɛ kɛwɛ wezuu lɛ, ɛ-taa la leleŋ kamaɣ fɛyɩ!
Ɛyaa sakɩyɛ sɩba. Pɔ-hɔŋ taa mba nɛ pa-taabalaa wɛ wɩzasɩ sɔsɔsɩ taa. Đɩfɛyɩnɩ ɖoŋ se ɖifezi sɩɖaa. Ɛlɛ, Yehowa pɩzɩɣ efezi sɩɖaa. Điwokini ɛzɩdaa lɛ, ɖɩkaɣ kpɛlɩkʋʋ ɛzɩma ɛkaɣ fezuu ɛyaa sakɩyɛ cee wayɩ yɔ.
1 Awiya 17:8-24; 2 Awiya 4:8-37.
Tɔm Pɔzʋʋ
- Ɛyaa mba lɛ kɩlɛmʋʋ yɔɔ? Nɛ ɛbɛ laba abalɩbɩɣa cikpelaɣ ŋga yɔ?
- Adɩma wena Eliya labɩ abalɩbɩɣa ŋga yɔ, kɔ-yɔɔ? Nɛ pʋwayɩ lɛ ɛbɛ laba?
- Payaɣ Eliya lɩmɖʋyʋ suwe?
- Ɛbɛ yɔɔ paya Eliizee se ɛkɔɔ Sunɛm halʋ nɔɔyʋ ɖɩɣa taa?
- Ɛbɛ Eliizee laba? Nɛ ɛbɛ pɩtɛmnɩ pɩɣa ŋga kasɩba yɔ?
- Ɛbɛ Eliizee nɛ Eliya palaba nɛ pɩwɩlɩ ɖoŋ weyi Yehowa wɛna yɔ?
Tɔm pɔzʋʋ lɛɛtʋ
- Kalɩ 1 Awiya 17:8-24.
Ɛzɩma pɩtakɩ Eliya tisuu nɛ ɛ-Ɛsɔ ñamtʋ? (1 Aw. 17:9; 19:1-4, 10)
Ɛbɛ wɩlɩɣ se lelu weyi ɛɛwɛ Sarfaatɩ yɔ, e-tisuu kaapaɣlɩ siŋŋ? (1 Aw. 17:12-16; Luka 4:25, 26)
Ɛzɩma mbʋ pɩtalɩ Sarfaatɩ lelu ɛnʋ yɔ, pɩwɩlɩɣ se toovenim Yesu yɔɔdɩ Maatiyee 10:41, 42 taa? (1 Aw. 17:10-12, 17, 23, 24)
- Kalɩ 2 Awiya 4:8-37.
Lɔŋ weyi Sunɛm halʋ tɔm kpɛlɩkɩɣ-ɖʋ agɔma mʋʋ nʋmɔʋ taa? (2 Aw. 4:8; Luka 6:38; Rom. 12:13; 1 Yoh. 3:17)
Ɛzɩma ɖɩpɩzɩɣ ɖɩla kɩbandʋ Ɛsɔ sɛyaa sɔnɔ? (Tʋma 20:35; 28:1, 2; Gal. 6:9, 10; Ebr. 6:10)


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Sanfransiskoo
Sanfransiskoo wɛ Etaazuunii taa ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ se Kalifɔrnii yɔ ɖɩ-taa. Wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa lɛ,tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩwɛ Pasifiki Teŋgu cɔlɔ piyele nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ hɔɔlʊʊ taa Sanfransiskoo pɔɔ ñɛwɛna. Tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-walanzɩ taa maɣna ɛkɩtaarɩwaa 60 060 yaa 600,6 km2. Walanzɩ sɩnɛ sɩ-taa lɛ, 121,4 km2 (20,21 %) kɛŋna tɛtʊ pɩkazɩ 479,2 km2 (79,79 %) taa lɛ, lɩm wadɩna. Pɩnaɣ 2014 taa akalɩ ɛyaa kɛ tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-taa lɛ, paakpɛnda ɛyaa 852 469.
Payaɣ Sanfransiskoo tɛ maalika yɔɔ cɔnayʊ kɩfalʊ se Edwin M. Lee (D). Ɛzɩ tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ lɛɛtʋ ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, Ɔsɩloo tɛtʊ nɛ ajɛya lɛɛna taa tɛtʋ ɖʋ taabalɩyɛ nɛ palakɩ tʋm kʋɖʋma se tɔsʋʋ nɛ ɛsɩnda wobu ɛɖɛɛna poliŋ. Tɛtʋ ndʋ yɔ: Paarii (Fransɩɩ), Lisibooni (Pɔɔrɩtiigaali), Abiijaŋ (Kooti D'Iivʊwaarɩ) Asiizi nɛ Kartazirɔɔnɩ (Italii), Kɔrkɩ (Irilandɩ), Hayifa (Israayɛlɩ), Pelɛm (Pireezili), Maniyi (Filipini), Osaka (Sapɔŋ), Sewuli (Koree nɛ Hadɛ kiŋ), Saŋgayɩ (Siini), Piyonozɛrɩ (Arzantini), Sidinee (Ɔsɩtraalii), Tayɩpayɩ (Tayiwanɩ), Tesaaloniki (Krɛsɩ), Zurisi (Suwusi), Hɔsiminivili (Fɩyɛtɩnam), Paŋgaalɔrɩ, (Ɛɛndi), Kraakoovii (Polɔñɩ) nɛ Fladiivɔstɔkɩ (Ruusii).


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Guillaume le conquérant
Guillaume wabɩyʊ kɛ Anglɩtɛɛrɩ wiyaʊ nɛ paya-ɩ Guillaume Kajalaɣ tʊ, Normandii ɛyaa tɛ wiyaʊ sɔsɔ papa ya-ɩ se Guillaume 2, patasɩ-ɩ yaʊ ɖɔɖɔ se Bâtard Guillaume, palʊla-ɩ Falaise tɛtʊ taa pɩnaɣ 1027 yaa 1028 nɛ ɛsɩ Rouen salaŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 9 pɩnaɣ 1087, ɛɛkɛ wiyaʊ Anglɩtɛɛrɩ kpaɣ 1066 pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩ ɛ-sɩm pɩnaɣ kɛ 1087 nɛ Normandii waa tɛ wiyaʊ pɩnaɣ 1035 pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩ ɛ-sɩm ɖɔɖɔ.
Robert Magnifique nɛ Falaise Arlette (Herleva) pɩɣa kɛlɛ, Guillaume pɩsa Normandii ɛjaɖɛ tɛ wiyaʊ lɛ, ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 8, mbʊ lɛ, ɛ-caa kaasɩba. Yoŋ alɩwaatʊ sakɩyɛ wayi kɛ ɛpɩza ɛɖanɩ kpaʊ kewiyaɣ kpaɣ Val-ès-Dunes you wayi kɛ pɩnaɣ 1047 taa. Ɛla halʊ Flandre Mathide kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 1050, nɛ ɛpɩsɩ Normandii ɛjaɖɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖoŋ nɖɛ, ɛsɔndʊʊ Fransɩɩ wiyaʊ Henri 1 (pɩnaɣ 1031 ŋtalɩ 1060) nɛ Philippe 1 (pɩnaɣ 1060 ŋtalɩ 1108).
Fada Edouard sɩm wayi lɛ, ɛfana kewiyaɣ lɛɛzɩtʊ you nɛ ɛkpa ɛcaɣ Anglɩtɛɛrɩ kewiyaɣ ɛjaɖɛ yɔɔ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ ɛwaba Hastings you yɔ pɩnaɣ 1066. Wabɩtʊ ndʊ tɩpɩsɩ-ɩ ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊ tʊ weyi paakuluu nɛ-ɩ nɔɔ Eerɔpʊ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ ɛjaɖɛ taa yɔ nɛ pɩkɔna lɛɛzɩtʊ sakɩyɛ Aŋglɩtɛɛrɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa, ɛlɛ pɩtɩŋɛ payi mbʊ yɔ pʊmʊʊ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ Normandie sɔsaa tiba pɛ-ɛjaɖɛ taa.
Pʊwayi lɛ, ɛpaɣzɩ labʊ yoŋ nɛ e-koyondina sakɩyɛ, paa Aŋglɩtɛɛrɩ taa peeɖe maɣmaɣ yaa (kʊyɩnɩyaa mba paawɛ Edgar Atheling wayi yɔ, Danois ɛyaa nɛ Ecɔsɩ ɛyaa) yaa ɛjaɖɛ mba (Foulque Réchin kɩpaɣlʊ, Flandre kɩpaɣlʊ Robert 1, kɔzɩ kɔzɩ Fransɩɩ Philippe 1). Ɛyʊ ɛnɛyɔ ɛsɩ Rouen tɛtʊ taa pɩnaɣ 1087 alɩwaatʊ taa ndʊ ɛɖʊ Mante kabʊɣa taa, ewoba you nɛ Philippe 1kɛ Vexin tɛtʊ taa. Pepimi-ɩ Abbaye ɛzɩ Caen ɛyaa yɔ.
Robert Magnifique pɩsa Normand tɛ wiyaʊ pɩnaɣ 1027 kɩyɛɛna fenaɣ kɩyakʊ, alɩwaatʊ ndʊ ɛ-ɖalʊ sɔsɔ Richard 3 tʊ sɩba yɔ, mbʊ lɛ, ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 20 yeke. Ɛnɛ ɛnʊyɔ ɛlɛzɩ pa-caa Richard 2 tʊ lone taa, ɛlɛ sɩba puwoba ɛzɩ pɩnaɣ kʊɖʊmaɣ mbʊ yɔ. Richard 3 tʊ tɛ tuda sɩm waza Robert, weyi pahuna-ɩ tɔm pɩtɩŋna takayasɩ maya yɔɔ se ɛnʊ ɖʊna kɔyɛ ɛ-ɖalʊ. Richard yele evebupɩɣa nakayɛ kalɩmpaɣnɩ ñɩŋa, Nicola koposɩna kewiyaɣ ɖɩɣa.


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Haɣ
Haɣ kɛ ɖiɣa taa kpɩnɛ. Kɛwɛ “Canis Lupus” pɩlɩʊ taa. Pɩlɩʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa ɖɔdɔ panaɣ kpemtɔyaɣ. Kpemtɔyaɣ ŋga ke-liɖe taa nakayɛ pitolosaa nɛ kapɩsɩ ɖɩɣa haɣ. Ɖɩnaɣ ɖɔɖɔ se “Dingo” ñaakɛ ɖɩɣa haɣ nɛ pitolosi-kɛ nɛ kaka ñasʊ kpaaŋ nɛ kasʊ ñɩtʊ. Pɩtɛkɛ sɔnɔ kɛ haɣ wɛ ɖɩɣa. Ɖooo “paléolitique” taa kɛ papaza haɣ ɖɔʊ.
Haɣ kɛna kacalaɣ ɖɩɣa kpɩnɛ nɖɩ ɛyʊ calɩ ɖɔʊ yɔ. Ɛna-kɛ palaɣkana lakʊ nɛ ŋga ɖaŋgana ɖɔɖɔɔ ɛ-ɖɩɣa yɔɔ. Pɩdɛ alɩwaatʊ taa lɛ ɛyʊ taasɩmda haɖaʊ yaa ɖɔɖɛ maamaɣ. Haɣ wɛ ntɩ nɛ kpemtɔyɔ kʊmʊlʊtaɣ , paa panɩɩzɩnɛ ɖamaa ɛzɩmaa yɔ. Panaʊ pɩtɛ tʊkaɣ yɔ pɩlaba pɩnzɩ kutokiŋ mɩnɩʊ kɔyɔ. Haɣ kpeziɣ. Kacalaɣ hasi nzɩ pɛlɛɣ ɖɔʊ yɔ, sɩ-tɛ mɔɔ wɛɛ. Mɔɔ ana alaba ɛzɩ pɩnzɩ 33 yɔ. Pʊtɔbʊʊ se haɣ wɛʊ ɛyʊ cɔlɔ yɔ pɩlaba ɛzɩ pɩnzɩ kutokiŋ hiŋ cabɩ pʊcɔ ɛyʊ paazɩ wondu lɛɛtʊ ɖɔʊ ɛ-ɖaɣ. Ɛyʊ nɛ haɣ paawɛ ɖooo canaʊ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ payaɣ se «préhistoire» yɔ tɩ-taa pʊcɔ pɔyɔɔdʊ haɖaɣ tɔm. Pɩtɛ alɩwaatʊ taa kɛ ɛyʊ paazi tɔʊ «amidon» pazɩ pazɩ nɛ tɔɔnasɩ nzɩ ɖɩnaɣ-si sɔnɔ se hayɩm taa tɔɔnasɩ yɔ. Ɖɔɖɛ nɛ haɖaʊ ŋgʊ ɛyʊ paazaa yɔ, piyebina nɛ ɛyʊ paazɩ caaʊ ɖoli kʊɖʊm. Ɛɛtasɩɣ yotu yem yem. Ɛ-tɛ ɖoli kʊɖʊm caaʊ wɛ ɛzɩ «canines» waa tɛ caaʊ yɔ. Haɣ kɛ tɛtɛ kpɩnɛ nɖɩ ɖɩwɛ ɛyʊ; wazaɣ sɩŋŋŋ yɔ. Kɛkɛ ɛyʊ ɛkpaadʊ ɖooo kioɖe tɛɛ. Kɛ-wɛɖɩɣ, ka-lakasɩ nɛ ɛzɩma kamalɩɣ nɛ ɛyʊ lɔŋ yɔ, pʊ yɔɔ kɛ paya-kɛ se «ɛyʊ ɛkpaadʊ kʊsɔɔlʊ».
Ɖɩcaɣyɛ kɩpanɖɛ nɖɩ haɣ wɛna yɔ, nɖɩ pɩzɩɣna nɛ ɖɩhaɣ ɛyʊ se ɛpɩzɩ ɛɖɔɔ mbʊ ɛsɔɔla yɔ nɛ kaalɛyɩtu nɛ kpemtɔyasɩ ɛɛcɛ-ɩ. Ɖenɖe ɛyaa sakɩyɛ kikaʊ kpɛndaa nɛ payaɣ se «Fédération cynoligique» yɔ, pɛwɛna paɣtʊ tɛtɛ wondu yɔɔ nɛ pañaŋ-tʊ ɖɔdɔ sɩŋŋŋ. Paakpɛŋgɛsʊ hasɩ, payaɣ-sɩ ɖɔdɔ nɛ ñamtʊ. Payaaʊ se anasayɩ haɣ yɔ, pɩlɩna ɖenɖe anasayi ɛnʊ ɛkacalɩ-kɛ ɖɔʊ yɔ. Ajɛya nayɩ taa lɛ pɩkɛna kɩcɛyʊ se paa weyi ɛsɔ ɛ-haɣ; Nayɛ taa lɛ, hasɩ nzɩ sɩwɛ ñaŋ yɔ, pʊwɛ se paɖɩ-sɩ kpasɩ. Ɛyʊ malasɩ haɣ nɛ pʊwɛna-kɛ kɩcɛyʊ se kaña dɩɣa taa wondu lɛɛtʊ ndʊ ɛɖɔʊ yɔ ɖeu. Kɛfɛyɩna waɖɛ wonu nakʊyʊ yɔɔ kaʊ. Pʊ yɔɔ kɛ Eerɔpʋ taa paa haɣ ŋga kɛwɛna takayaɣ ŋga kahaɣ-kɛ waɖɛ se kɛyɛlɩ yɔ. Mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, haɣ kɛ ɛyʊ ɛkpaadʊ kɩpanʊ.


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Komɔŋwɛltɩ ŋgbɛyɛ
Kedeŋa yɔɔ cɩnɛ, ajɛya naayɛ ɖʋ ŋgbɛyɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ payaɣ-ɖɩ se « komɔŋwɛltɩ » (Commonwealth). Ajɛya nɩɩnʋwa nɛ naalɛ (52) nɩŋna ɖama nɛ aɖʋ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ.
Komɔŋwɛltɩ ŋgbɛyɛ ɖʋ nesi siŋŋ ajɛya tɩ-yɔɔ wɛʋ nʋmɔʋ taa. Komɔŋwɛltɩ ŋgbɛyɛ ñɔ alɩwaatʋ ndʋ palaba kedizaɣ sɔsaɣ nakɛyɛ Lɔndrɩ tɛtʋ taa yɔ. Lɔndrɩ tɛtʋ wɛ Aŋgeletɛɛrɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Palaba kedizaɣ sɔsaɣ ŋga pɩnaɣ 1949 taa. Kedizaɣ ŋga ka-taa pɔtɔŋ se ajɛya wena awɛ Komɔŋwɛltɩ ŋgbɛyɛ taa yɔ, awɛ kɩmaŋ. Ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, paakpaɣ ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ ɖoŋ kɩkpaʋ se ɖɩwɛɛ Komɔŋwɛltɩ ŋgbɛyɛ taa.
Ɖoɖoo Élisabeth II kɛŋna Komɔŋwɛltɩ ŋgbɛyɛ nɔɔ yɔɔ ɖɛyʋ. Ajɛya naayɛ wɛɛ lɛ, awiya yaa abila ɖiyiɣna-yɛ. Ajɛya ana payaɣ se rʋwaayom (royaumes) waa. Ajɛya wena awɛ Komɔŋwɛltɩ ŋgbɛyɛ taa yɔ, a-taa lɛ, ajɛya hiu nɛ loɖo (16) kɛ rowaayom waa. Ɖoɖoo Élisabeth II kɛŋna ɖɔɖɔ rowaayom waa hiu nɛ loɖo mba, pɛ-tɛ Abiɖe. Piyele ajɛya niidozo nɛ kʋɖʋm (31) ñɛkɛ mbʋ repiibiliki (républiques) waa nɛ ajɛya kagbaanzɩ (5) ñɛkɛ monarsii (monarchies) waa.
Ajɛya wena akɛ monarsii waa yɔ, a-taa lɛ, ɛyʋ kʋɖʋm tɩɣyɩna ɖoŋ tɩŋa. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se ɛnʋ ajɛɖɛ ñʋʋdʋ, ɛkɛ ajɛɖɛ paɣtʋ lɩzɩyaa nɔɔ yɔɔ ɖɛyʋ, ɛtɛ ɛkɛ tɔm hʋʋ nɔɔ yɔɔ ɖɛyʋ. Ɛlɛ, ajɛya wena alɛ kɛ repiibiliki waa yɔ, alɛ taa lɛ, pɛtɛyɩ ajaɖɛ ɖoŋ hɔɔlɩŋ niidozo. Ɛjaɖɛ ñʋʋdʋ wɛɛ, kewiyaɣ ñʋʋdʋ ñɛwɛɛ nɛ tɔm hʋʋ nɔɔ yɔɔ ɖɛyʋ ñɛwɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ.
Ajɛya wena awɛ Komɔŋwɛltɩ ŋgbɛyɛ taa yɔ, awɛ a-tɩ yɔɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ fɛyɩna ɖoŋ lɛɛɖɛ yɔɔ. Komɔŋwɛltɩ ŋgbɛyɛ lʋkɩ se temokrasii nɛ ɛyʋ waɖɛ yɔɔ kandɩyʋʋ nɛ komina tɩ-yɔɔ wɛʋ pa-tʋma ɛɖɛɛna ɛsɩndaa. Temokrasii lʋkɩ se paa weyi ɛwɛɛna waɖɛ se ɛyɔɔdɩ mbʋ ɛnaɣ nɛ pɩfɛyɩ-ɩ ɖeu yɔ. Ajɛya wena awɛ Komɔŋwɛltɩ ŋgbɛyɛ taa yɔ, a-walanzɩ kedeŋa yɔɔ kɛ 29 958 050 km2. Komɔŋwɛltɩ ŋgbɛyɛ taa samaɣ ñʋʋ kɛ miiliyaarɩ waa 2,328.


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Thérèse Avila tʋ
Palʊla Thérèse d'Ávila kɛ Gotarandura, Ɛsɩpañ ɛjaɖɛ taa, lakɩŋ fenaɣ 28 pɩnaɣ 1515 nɛ ɛsɩ Alba de Tormes ɖoŋgiye taa , Ɛsɩpañɩ peeɖe kɛ aloma fenaɣ 14-15 pɩnaɣ 1582. Thérèse d'Ávila kɛna cɔjɔ kɛkpɛyaɣ ŋga kasʊ Karmɛlɩwaa tɛ kpaaŋ taa lɛ, ɛñɔɔzɩ payɩ mbʊ pɩtaawɛɛ ɖeu camɩyɛ yɔ. Thérèse d'Ávila kɛna krɩstʊ mba tɛ sɔdʊ sɔsɔʊ nakʊyʊ.
Paɖʊ Thérèse d'Ávila kɛ ɛyaa kiɖeɖema pɩlɩʊ taa kɛ ɛ-sɩm wayɩ pɩnsɩ 40 taa, pʊtɔbʊʊ se pɩnaɣ 1622. Pɔtɔkɩo ɛ-kasandʊ kɛ paa pɩnaɣ ŋga lɛ kɛ-tɛ aloma fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 15 wiye. Ɛnʊ kɛŋna kacalaɣ cɔjɔ kɛkpeyaɣ halɩñɩŋa ŋga kɛkɛ katolika ŋgbɛyɛ taa mbʊ payaɣ se tɔkɩtɛɛrɩ yɔ.
Ɛ-sɩm wayɩ e-tomnaɣ laba kʊñɔŋ: paa mba pañɩnɩɣ se pepim-kɛ pɛtɛ. Ɖenɖe palʊla-ɩ yɔ, 'Áviɩla, peeɖe cɔjɔ kɛkpeyɩsɩ ñɩnɩɣ se pepimi-i peeɖe, ɛlɛ Alba de Tormes, ɖenɖe ɛsɩba yɔ, peeɖe ñɩmba ñaatisiɣ. Pɩnaɣ 1760 taa kɛ pakpaɣ ɛ-tɛ aɖakaɣ nɛ powana-kɛ Alba de Tormes. Ɛsɩpañɩ cɔɔcɩnaa sakɩyɛ taa, pasɩ e-tomnaɣ hɔɔlɩŋ nɩɩyɛ pazɩ pazɩ. thérèse ɖo sɩba pɩnaɣ 1527,pʊtɔbʊʊ se Thérèse kawɛna pɩnzɩ 12 yeke. Mbʊ kɩlɩna pɩɣa peɣlaɣ kɛnɛ nɛ kakpaɣ ka-tɩ nɛ kɛcɛlɛ Maria kelekeletʊ se ɛkɛ e-ɖo.
Ɛlɛ ɛkɔma nɛ ɛpaɣzɩ takayɩsɩ ndɩ ndɩ kalɩɣ yem lɛ, ɛsɔɔ fezuu kiɖeɖeu ŋgʊ kɩɩwɛ ɛ-taa nɛ kizeɣtu-i yɔ kɩ-yɔɔ. Ɛkɔma nɛ ɛpaɣzɩ yelɩɣ nɛ ɛ-taabalaa lɛ, pɩkɔɔ pɩɖʊzɩ-ɩ acɛya tɔm taa nɛ ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 14 lɛ, ɛtɩlɩ abalʊ. Mbʊ yebina nɛ pɩla ɛzɩ ppiposina-i nɛ Ɛsɔ yɔ. Ɛ-caa na mbʊ lɛ, ɛkpeɣ lɩmaɣza se ewokina-i Santa María de Gracia kɛ Ávila pɩnaɣ 1531 taa. Thérèse tekizi se pʊyɔɔ ɛlɛ pɩɩcakɩ-ɩ camɩyɛ peeɖe mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, ɛ-ŋgbɛyɛ tɩnaa ɖɩɣna-ɩ lidiya hatʊ tiinau. Pɩwɛɛ mbʊ lɛ, ɛmaɣmaɣ ɛcɔŋna se liidiya fɛyɩna ɖɩcaɣyɛ ɛ-laŋɩyɛ taa, nɛ ɛwɛɛ pɩlɩʊ ŋgʊ kɩtaa pinaɣ pilim.
Ɛzɩma pɩcalaa nɛ Thérèse pɩsɩ cɔjɔ kɛkpɛyaɣ sɩŋŋŋ yɔ lɛ se, pɩkɔma lɛ pɩwɩ-ɩ siŋŋŋ nɛ ɛpɩsɩ ɛ-caa cɔlɔ. Ɛ-yɔɔ cɛba wayɩ lɛ, ɛ-caa wona-i ɛ-kɔɔ Marie de Cepeda cɔlɔ. Peeɖe ɛwɛɛ nɛ efemiye naɖɩyɛ ɛheyi ɛ-caa se ɛsɔɔla se ɛsʊʊ cɔjɔ kɛkpɛyɩsɩ pɩlɩʊ taa, ɛlɛ ɛtɛma naʊ se paa ɛ-caa eekizaa, ɛɛkɑɣ kitiu nɛ ɛ-wayɩ. Pɩla mbʊ ɖɔɖɔ. Ɛ-caa kizina-i mbʊ se pɩɩlakɩ-ɩ sɔnɔ nɛ cee.
Efemiye naɖɩyɛ yem (kamɩŋ fenaɣ 2 pɩnaɣ 1533 yaa 1535) kɛ Thérèse kʊyɩ ɛ-caa ɖɛɣa nɛ ewolo cɔjɔkɛkpɛyɩsɩ pɩlɩʊ taa kɛ Avila. Pɩlaba pɩnaɣ lɛ, ɛɖuu nɛ posu-i cɔjɔ kɛkpɛyɩsɩ toko. Ɛcaɣ peeɖe pɩnzɩ 27 nɛ ɛcɔŋna peeɖe tɛ paɣtʊ lɛ, pɩtacaɣ-ɩ camɩyɛ nɛ pɩwayɩ lɛ kɛ ɛkɔma ɛtʊʊzɩ-tʊ camɩyɛ. . Mbʊ piitukina ɛ-laŋiyɛ sɩŋŋŋ yɔ lɛ se, sakrɩmɩnɩʊ tɛɛ luŋgu efemiye naɖɩyɛ kɛ ɛna Yeesu kɛ sakrɩmɩnɩʊ taa nɛ ɛwɛɛ ɛnɩɣ sɩzɩŋ kɛ ɛyaa kɩwɛkɩm yɔɔ nɛ pɩlabɩ-ɩ pʊtrɔdɩyɛ.


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Aazii tɛtʋ wandamm
Tɛtʋ yɔɔ cɩnɛ, Aazii tɛtʋ wandamm kɩlɩna paɣlʋʋ nɛ walʋʋ. Aazii tɛtʋ wandamm samaɣ ñʋʋ kɛ miiliyaarɩ waa 4,3. Tɩ-walanzɩ kɛ km2 waa 43 810 582. Yee pɛtɛyɩ kedeŋa kpeekpe tɛtʋ nɛ pɩkpɛndɩna lɩm hɔɔlɩŋ tɩŋa payɩ hɔɔlɩŋ mɩnʋʋ kɔyɔ, Aazii tɛtʋ kɛ hɔɔlʋʋ 29,4. Yee pɛtɛ kedeŋa yɔɔ cɩnɛ tɛtʋ ɖeke nɛ pɩtɛkpɛndɩna lɩm hɔɔlɩŋ hɔɔlɩŋ mɩnʋʋ kɔyɔ, Aazii tɛtʋ wandamm kɛ hɔɔlɩŋ 8,6.
Ɛyaa ɖɔʋ nʋmɔʋ taa lɛ, Aazii tɛtʋ wandamm kɩlɩna ɖɔɖɔ. Kedeŋa kpeekpe ɛyaa mɩnʋʋ yɔɔ lɛ, Aazii tɛtʋ wandamm taa ɛyaa kɛ nɩɩnʋwa nɛ ɛyaa hiu. Kedeŋa kpeekpe pʋŋ sɔsɔŋ tɩŋa taa payɩ lɛ, Aazii tɛtʋ wandamm taa panaɣ pʋʋ sɔsɔʋ ŋgʋ kɩkɩlɩ kʋyʋʋ pʋŋ lɛɛŋ nɛ kʋkʋyɩmɩŋ yɔ. Aazii tɛtʋ taa pʋʋ ŋgʋʋ payaɣ se Everɛɛsɩ (Everest) pʋʋ. Pʋʋ ŋ́gʋ, kɩ-kʋkʋyɩmɩŋ kɛ mɛtɛnaa 8 848.
Kuduyiŋ sɔsɔŋ weyi ɛkɩlɩ kʋyʋʋ kedeŋa yɔɔ cɩnɛ ɛ-taa payɩ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, Aazii tɛtʋ wandamm taa pana kuduyuu ŋgʋ kɩkɩlɩ kʋyʋ yɔ. Payaɣ kuduyuu kʋkʋyʋʋ ŋ́gʋ se Burj Khalifa. Kɩwɛ Dubaï tɛtʋ taa. Kɩ-kʋkʋyɩmɩŋ kɛ mɛtɛnaa 828.
Kedeŋa kpeekpe yɔɔ tɛtʋ ndʋ tɩlɩna lɩm tɛɛ nɛ tɩkpa huuye lɩm kideŋ wayɩ yɔ, tɩ-taa payɩ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, Aazii tɛtʋ wandamm taa pana ndʋ tɩkɩlɩ posinaʋ lɩm kideŋ yɔ. Tɛtʋ ndʋ tɩwɛ Siini ɛjaɖɛ nɛ hayi kiŋ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʋyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ taa. Tiposina lɩŋamʋʋ ɛzɩ kilomɛtɛnaa 2648 mbʋ yɔ.


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Kaaɣ keɣye (Dôme du Rocher)
Kaaɣ keɣye kɛna Ɛsɔ Sɛtʋ Kuduyuu sɔsɔʋ nakʋyʋ. Nabʋyʋ taa ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, payaɣ-kʋ size Omar tɛ malɩŋ Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ kuduyuu. Malɩŋ Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ ŋgbɛyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ taa lɛ, kɩkɛna kɔɔnɔɔ kumoɖe nɖɩ ɖɩn̄ɩnaɣ se ɖɩkɛna keɖeya wonuu ŋgʋ patana kaʋ nɛ pana yɔ.
Kumoɖe ɖɩnɛ, ɖɩkɛna kɩlaʋ pɩyɛ sɔsɔyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-matʋ waɖɛ lɩna ɖajaa sɔsɔ calife Abd al-Malik ben Marwan cɔlɔ nɛ Jeruzalɛm egeetiye nɛ ɖɩ-wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ taa kiŋ cɔlɔ. Pɩɩkɛ Haram al-Charif lone taa. Lone nɖɩ, ɖɩkɛna lone kiɖeɖee naadozo ñɩnɖɛ kɛ malɩŋ Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ ŋgbɛyɛ taa n̄ɩma cɔlɔ.
Payaɣ Lone Haram al-Charif se malɩŋ lone kiɖeɖee naadozo ñɩnɖɛ, mbʋ pʋyɔ yɔ, lona kiɖeɖena, Maka nɛ Mediini (Médine) pɛtɛma wɛʋ. Haram al-Charif peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ ɖɩnaɣ malɩŋ Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ kuduyuu ŋgʋ payaɣ se al-Aqsa yɔ.
Kaaɣ keɣye kanɛ, kohuuzuu ka-tɩ yɔɔ nɛ kaaɣ tigiɖe. Lone nɖɩ, ɖɩkɛna malɩŋ Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ hɔɔlʋʋ sɔnzɩ taa kɛ lone nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa, paa pɩlaɣ ɛzɩma yɔ, pamaɣzɩɣ size pa-n̄ʋʋyaɖʋ Mahomet tɩŋɩna nɛ ɛtalɩ ɖooo lɔŋ kɛ Mɛɛkɩ yɔ, kɛ Isra alɩwaatʋ taa.
Malɩŋ Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ ŋgbɛyɛ taa ñɩma maɣzɩɣ ɖɔɖɔ size lone kaaɣ tigiɖe nɖɩ, ɛzɩma mbʋ payakaɣ ɖoho taa kɩyakʋ peeɖe yɔ, paa pɩɩla ɛzɩma yɔ, Mahomet ɖɛwaɣ nʋmɔʋ nɛ peeɖe yɔ, pɩtɩŋɩna pʋ-yɔɔ nɛ ɛtalɩ Ɛsɔ kewiyaɣ taa. Mbʋ yɔ, pɩɩkɛ sɔnzɩ nzɩ payaɣ-sɩ size Miraj yɔ sɩ-tɛ alɩwaatʋ taa. Alɩwaatʋ ndʋʋ lɛ, pasʋʋ ɖama taa lɛɛlɛɛ nɛ pɔn̄ɔɔzɩ kpɩnɛ nɖɩ palaɣ kɩlaʋ yɔ. Nɖɩɩ malɩŋ ya hɩɖɛ size Bouraq.
Krɩstʋ Ɛsɔ dɔm takayaɣ tɔm tɔbʋʋ lɩzɩʋ wɛ ɖɔɖɔ pʋʋ ŋgʋ payaɣ size Moriah yɔ kʋ-yɔɔ. Moriah pʋʋ ŋgʋ kʋ-yɔɔ ɖɔ-cɔzɔ Abrɩham kaɣ kpaʋ ɛ-pɩyalʋ ɛgbamɩyɛ, Isaakɩ se ewona nɛ ɛlaa Kɩpaɣlʋ kɩlaʋ. Nɛ Moriah pʋʋ ŋgʋ, kɩ-yɔɔ peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ keekee kɛ wiyaʋ sɔsɔ Salomon kaama Jeruzalɛm tɛ Ɛsɔ kuduyuu sɔsɔʋ.


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Himalaya pʊŋ
Pʊŋ nɩɩyɛ pɩlɩ ɖama lʊʊʊ nɛ paya-yɩ se Himalaya pʊʊ. Pʊŋ ɛnɩ ɛpɩlɩ kilomɛtanaa 2 400 yɔɔ. Ɛ-walanzɩ kɛ kpaɣ kilomɛtanaa 250 nɛ puwolo pɩtalɩ kilomɛtanaa 4000. Himalaya pʊŋ tɛyɩna Ɛndɩ ɛjaɖɛ nɛ Tibétain piyaɣ nɛ Aazii nɛ hadɛ kiŋ hɔɔlʊʊ taa. Himalaya pʊŋ pɩlaa, kpaɣ Nanga Parbat egetiye nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ hɔɔlʊʊ taa nɛ puwolo pɩsɩɩna Namche Barwa egetiye wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ hɔɔlʊʊ taa. Nanga Parbat egetiye wɛ Pakisitaanɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Piyele Namche Barwa egetiye ñɛwɛɛ Tibɛtii ɛjaɖɛ taa. Wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ hɔɔlʊʊ taa lɛ, Himalaya pʊŋ sɩ tɩnaɣ nɛ Indus pɔɔ kujomuu. Piyele wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ hɔɔlʊʊ taa lɛ, pʊŋ ɛnʊ ɛsɩɩ tɩnaɣ nɛ Brahmapoutre pɔɔ kujomuu. Pʊŋ ɛnʊ ɛwadɩ kilomɛtanaa 600 000 kaaree yɔɔ.
Kedeŋa yɔɔ cɩnɛ Himalaya pʊŋ kɩlɩma kʊkʊyɩmɩŋ. Pʊŋ hiu nɛ naanza kʊkʊyɩmɩŋ talɩ mɛtanaa 8 000 halɩ pɩɖɛɛ pʊ-yɔɔ. Pʊŋ hiu nɛ naanza ɛnʊ ɛ-taa lɛ, Everest pʊʊ kɩlɩna pʊŋ lɛɛŋ tɩŋɛ kʊyʊʊ. Ɛkʊyɩ kʊyʊʊ mbʊ yɔ yebina nɛ mba pasɩma pʊŋ kpaʊ lɛɣtʊ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ yɔ, palʊ kpem nɛ pakpa patʊlɩ ɖɔɖɔ ɛ-ñʊŋ taa.
Pʊŋ ɛnʊ ɛ-laŋ tɩŋ kʊkʊyɩmɩŋ kɛ mɛtanaa 3 900. Piyele ɛ-yɔɔ ɖomba mʊlʊm kʊkʊyɩmɩŋ ñɛkɛ mɛtanaa 5 000 nɛ pɩkpaɣ pɩkpa.


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Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart kɛ Caama ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʋ taa abalʋ nɔɔyʋ. Ɛkɛ soo lɩzɩyʋ nɛ wendu lubuyu sɔsɔ. Eteu nɛ ɛmakɩ nɛ pʋɖʋ pɩ-taa camɩyɛ. Palʋla-ɩ egeetiye nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ size Salzbourg yɔ ɖɩ-taa. Egeetiye nɖɩ, ɖɩkɛ ɛjaɖɛ wiyau pɩyalʋ waɖɛ yaa ɖoŋ lone ɖomuu tʋ lone kiɖeɖeye (Saint-Empire romain germanique).
Ɛ-lʋlʋkʋ alɩwaatʋ kaakɛ efemiye hiŋ naalɛ nɛ lʋbɛ (27) n̄ɩŋʋ wiye kɛ kɔlaɣ fenaɣ taa pɩnaɣ 1756 taa. Ɛsɩba egeetiye nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ size Fɩyɛɛnɩ yɔ ɖɩ-taa kɛ efemiye kagbanzɩ (5) n̄ɩŋʋ wiye saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ taa kɛ pɩnaɣ 1791 taa.
Ɛwɛna pɩnzɩ hiŋ naadozo nɛ kagbanzɩ yaa niidozo nɛ kagbanzɩ lɛ ɛsɩba. Ɛka laba tʋmɩyɛ siŋŋ nɛ pɩcɔ ɛsɩkɩ. Eyeba keveŋga nɛ maɣzɩm sɔsɔm ɛsɩm wayɩ. Ɛtʋma ɛzɩ 626 wɛ tɛlɛŋga yaa ɖaɖɛ taa kɛ pɩlʋʋ ŋgʋ payaɣ-kʋ size Köchel yɔ kɩ-taa. Ɛtʋma kpeekpe taa payɩ lɛ, ɖɩna se, eluba wendu ɛtɛ ɛlɩzɩ soo ɖɔɖɔ nɛɛtɛ alɩwaatʋ wɛɛ taa.
Ɛ-wɛɛ taa aseɣɖe lɩzɩyaa lɩza nɛ pawɩlɩ size, ɛkɛkɛ piyaanoo maɖʋ, ɛtɛ ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ keɖeɣya tʋmɩyɛ laɖʋ weyi pɩhayɩ yɔ, ɛkɛ siŋŋ ɖɔɖɔ fiolɔ (violon) maɖʋ. Ɖɩsɩma camɩyɛ mbʋ size, ɛtasa nesi ɖʋ siŋŋ kɛ kɔnserto, nɛ pɩtasɩna weŋgalaɣ loyisi sɩnɛ yɔ (symphonie nɛ sonate) pa-taa.


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Samaɣ tɛ maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ
Samaɣ tɛ maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkʊʊ pɩkɛ lɛɣtʊ tʊmɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩcɔŋna se ɖɩna ɛzɩma ɛyʊ maɣzɩm wɛɛ, ɛ-wɛtʊ nɛ ɛ-laɣsɩ pɩcɛlɩna mbʊ pɩwɛ ɛsɩndaa yɔ, mbʊ ɛmaɣzʊʊ yɔ nɛ lalaa. Lɛɣtʊ tɔbʊʊ nɩɣʊ mbʊ pɩ-taa, pɩcɛlɩɣ-ɖʊ se ɖɩpɩsɩ ɖooo kɩbɩnjaazɩ tɔm yɔɔ nɛ ɖɩtakɩ.
Samaɣ tɛ maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkɩyaa (Kurt Lewin, Harold J. Leavitt, Jean Maisonneuve, Serge Moscovici, nɛ ŋgbaɣ ŋɖɛyɛ mbʊ yɔ wɩlɩɣ-ɖʊ ɛzɩma ɖɩkpaɣna ɖa-tɩ ɖo-kobiyaa lalaa yɔ, nɛ papɩzɩɣ panaɣ ɖɔɖɔ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ laɣsɩ yaa wɛtʊ natʊyʊ naa lakɩ yɔ. Samaɣ tɛ maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ sɔɔlʊʊ ɖɩnaɣ ɛyʊ lɩmaɣza, ɛ-wɛtʊ ɛ-laɣsɩ ɛ-ɛyɩtʊ tɩŋa kpeekpe taa nɛ panaɣ ɛzɩma ɛyaa nɛ ɖama pɛ-wɛtʊ.
Ɛyaa mba pawɩlaɣ samaɣ maɣzɩm tɔm Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa ɖɩnaɣ pa-taa peeɖe Gustave Bon ñɩnʊ ɛlɛ ñɛkɛ samaɣ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ tʊ nɛ ɛma takayasɩ kisuzasi sakɩyɛ pɩnaɣ 1895 alɩwaatʊ taa, Gabriel Tarde. Pɩkɔma pɩnaɣ 1900 lɛ, pala ketizaɣ 4 ŋga nakayɛ Paarii tɛtʊ taa ketizaɣ kekpelaɣ ajɛyɛ kpeekpe pɩlɩna maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ yɔɔ kɛ Paarii tɛtʊ taa, Théodule Ribot kaaɖɛna kɔ-nɔɔ yɔɔ.
Etaazuunii ajɛyɛ taa lɛ William McDougall susina pɩnaɣ 1908 nɔɔ haʊ takayaɣ nakayɛ pɩlɩna samaɣ maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkʊʊ yɔɔ, takayaɣ keyebina se paɖʊ kamayʊ samaɣ maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ tɩnaa taa.


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Fernand de Magellan
Ɖajaa Fernand de Magellan kɛ Pɔrɩtɩgalɩ tʋ. Palʋla-ɩ Pɔrɩtɩgalɩ nɛ hayi kiŋ hɔɔlʋʋ taa. Palʋla-ɩ pɩnaɣ 1480 ñɩŋga taa.
Ɛsɩba Filipini ɛjaɖɛ taa ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ nɛɛlɛ nɛ lʋbɛ (27) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1521 n̄ɩŋga taa.
Ɖajaa Fernand de Magellan cɔ tɛtʋ kpeekpe ɛta. Mɛlɛ taa ɛcaɣa nɛ ɛcɔɔ-tʋ nɛ ɛta.
Salaŋ fenaɣ, pɩnaɣ 1522 n̄ɩŋga taa ɛtɛma tɛtʋ cɔʋ nɛ ɛta. Ɖajaa Fernand de Magella kpaɣ pɩnzɩ naadozo mpilim nɛ ɛcɔɔna tɛtʋ.
Ɖajaa Juan Sebastián Elcano cɔŋna Ɖajaa Fernand de Magellan nʋmɔʋ ɖɔm tɩŋa yɔɔ. Ɖajaa Fernand de Magellan kʋyɩ ɛ-ɛjaɖɛ taa lɛ, ɛpaɣzɩna wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ yɔɔlʋʋ taa nɛ ɛkɔɔ ɛtɛmna wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʋyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ taa.


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Samaɣ ñɩm lɩmaɣzɩyɛ
Samaɣ ñɩm lɩmaɣzɩyɛ pɩkɛ maɣzɩm sakɩyɛ nɛ politiki lɩmaɣza tɔm, ndʊ tɩkɛ se pañɩnɩ samaɣ tɛ nɩnaʊ tɔm nɛ tɔsʊʊ tɔm pɛwɛɛ siɣsiɣ yɔ. Lɩmaɣzɩyɛ kuɖum kɛlɛ ɛyaa tɩŋa ɛwɛɛ kɩmaŋ nɔɔyʊ ɛtatɔ se ɛkɩla lɛlʊ, kɔzɩ kɔzɩ ɛzɩ Karl Marx lɩmaɣzɩyɛ tɩnaa, nɔɔyʊ ɛtaakpaɖɩ lɛlʊ. Sakɩyɛ taa lɛ papɩzɩɣ palɩzɩ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-tɔbʊʊ pɩkɛ politiki tɔm, nɛ tɔm kɛdʊʊ taa lɛ ɖɩnɩɣ paasɩ-ɖɩ lɩmɩyɛ yɔɔ, nɛ ɛɩ-maɣzɩm keem kaakɛ paa anɩ ɛkpaɣ ɛjaɖɛ se ɖɩwɛ ɖeu. Ɛyaa pa nɛ yɔ palʊkɩna koomulum tɔm, nɛ pakandɩɣ samaɣ hɛkɩŋ taa nɩnaʊ tɔm yɔɔ.
Tɔmpiye nɖɩ ɖɩsʊʊ yɔɔdaɣ taa kpaɣ pɩnzɩ 1820 alɩwaatʊ taa, wɛɛ ana a-taa papaza kpɛlɩ tʊma sɔsɔna tʊmɩyɛ nɛ tɛtʊ naa lɩzʊʊ yaa pɩsɩtʊ tɔm. Pɩɩkɛ tɔm kuzuu nɛ ɖama kʊyɩnaʊ pɩlɩna ɛzɩma nesi tɛɛ tʊma laɖaa ɛwɛɛ weewee pe-fezuu caɣʊʊ taa yɔ, nɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɛyaa tɩŋa keŋkeŋ, mbʊ menɖeke mañɩm lɩmaɣzɩyɛ tɩnaa kaakɩla ɛyaa pa nɛ pɔyɔɔ caʊʊ.
Sukuli laɖaa sɔsaa Georges Bourgin nɛ Pierre Rimbert ñakpaɣ tɔm ndʊ ɛzɩ pɩkɛ samaɣ ŋga kalʊkɩ lɩmaɣza keem anɛ a-yɔɔ yɔ, paa anɩ ñɩm kpaɣ ɛzɩ haɖaʊ wondu yaa tʊmɩyɛ wondu, paa weyi ɛlakɩ tʊmɩyɛ wondu ɛzɩ ɛ-maɣmaɣ ɛtɩna-tʊ yɔ, pawɩlɩɣ ɖama tʊma ɛzɩma papɩzɩ pala nɛ samaɣ hiɣ hanaɣ yɔ. Tɔsʊʊ huuu nɔmɔʊ taa lɛ nɔɔyʊ ɛɛkɛyɩɣ pɩyʊ se eyeke ɛtɩna.
Tɔmpiye nɖɩ suwee ɖɩnɩɣ ɖɩ-tɔbʊʊ nɛ ɖɩlɩna le, Bertrand Russell lɩzɩ pɩnaɣ 1918 kpɛndɛ ñɩm lɩmaɣzɩyɛ tɔm, nɛ ɛtɔŋ nɛ pɩɣyɩyʊʊ tɔm pɩlɩna ɛzɩma pɩwɛɛ se tɛtʊ tiŋa ɛwɛɛ ɛyaa kpeekpe nesi tɛɛ nɛ ñɩm tɩŋa kɛ samaɣ tɩŋa pɩyʊ. Kɛlɛ tɔm ndʊ palakɩ-tʊ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa samaɣ nɩna ɖama se pɛkpeŋdɩ ñɩm yɔ a-taa kɛnɛ, naɖɩyɛ eesidiɣ.


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Sɩm
Palʊlʊʊ ɛyʊ nɛ ɛcaɣ wezuu. Alɩwaatʊ ndʊ ɛyʊ feziɣ, ɛtɔkɩ nɛ ɛñɔʊ yɔ, pɔtɔŋ se ɛcaɣ wezuu. Yee alɩwaatʊ natʊyʊ eyeba fezuu nɛ ɛ-tomnaɣ eeciidiɣ nɛ ɛ-ñamɩyɛ ɛɛñaŋ kɔyɔ, pɔtɔŋ se ɛsɩba. Kpaɣ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ palʊlʊʊ ɛyʊ nɛ powolo pɩsɩɩna alɩwaatʊ ndʊ ɛsɩba yɔ payaɣ se wezuu caɣʊ. Wezuu caɣʊ alɩwaatʊ taa ɛyʊ pɩzɩɣ ɛla mbʊ ɛsɔɔlaa yɔ, ɛtɔkɩ nɛ ɛñɔɔ. Ɛlɛ, alɩwaatʊ ndʊ ɛyʊ yeki fezuu, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se ɛ-ñamɩyɛ ɛɛtasɩɣ ñam, ɛ-kalɩzaɣ lɩ e-tomnaɣ taa yɔ pɔtɔŋ se ɛsɩba.
Toovenum lɛ, pʊdʊnaa naadozo kpɛndɩna nɛ pɩla ɛyʊ, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se ɛyʊ wɛ tam naadozo taa : tomnaɣ, fezuu nɛ ciyam yaa kalɩzaɣ. Ɛsɔ nuuti cʊʊ nɛ ɛmana ɛyʊ nɛ ehosi ɛ-nɔɔŋ tɛɛ nɛ ɛha-ɩ fezuu. Ɛsɔ ma ɛyʊ ɛ-lɛzʊʊ, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se ɛyʊ wɛna ciyam. Ciyam ŋgʊʊ lalaa yaɣ se kalɩzaɣ. Pʊdʊnaa naadozo mba pɛkpɛndɩna nɛ pacaɣ wezuu. Pʊdʊnaa naadozo mba pa-taa lɛ, tomnaɣ ɖeke panaɣna ɛsa pe. Alɩwaatʊ ndʊ ɛyʊ fezuu yɔ, pɔtɔŋ se ɛcaɣ wezuu. Alɩwaatʊ ndʊ ɛyʊ yeki fezuu yɔ, pɔtɔŋ se ɛsɩba. Ciyam lɩɣ tomnaɣ taa nɛ piyele pakpaɣ tomnaɣ pepi nɛ kapɩsɩ mʊzʊʊ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ ka-mayʊ kɔyɔɔdʊʊ. Ɛlɛ kɔyɔɔdaa se ɛyʊ kɛ mʊzʊʊ nɛ ɛkaɣ pɩsɩʊ mʊzʊʊ. Ciyam lɩɣ tomnaɣ taa mbʊ lɛ, kɩpɩsɩ kɩ-mayʊ cɔlɔ. Pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se ciyam ɛɛsɩkɩ.


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Pɩyɛ pɩnzɩ (Age de la Pièrre)
Pɩyɛ kɩsɛyɩyɛ wɛɛ yaa pɩnzɩ, pɩkɛ kɩbɩnjaazɩ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɛyaa lukaɣ wondu nɛ kaaŋ nɛ halɩ pɔkɔɔ patɩlɩ miŋ lubu yɔ.
Ɖasɩ nɛ mɔɔ palakaɣ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ ɛlɛ, pɩyɛ nɛ kɔzɩ kɔzɩ pɩcakpalamɩyɛ, palakanaɣ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ polukina wondu ndʊ tɩpɩɣɩɣ nɛ ɖɔɖɔ you wondu. Pɩyɛ wɛɛ ɖeɖe nɛ sɔnɔ pɩsa tɔmʊʊ kɩkpadɩyʊ nɛ pɔsɔɔlɩ nɛ patayɩ-ɩ hɔɔlɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ. Hɔɔlɩŋ ɛnʊ yɔ pɛɛ saɣʊ alɩwaatʊ nɛ pɛɛ wondu alɩwaatʊ nɛ pɛɛ wondu kɩfaatʊ alɩwaatʊ. Kɩbɩnjaazɩ wɛɛ ana pɛtɛyɩ-yɛ ɖɔɖɔ sakɩyɛ.
Pɩlʊʊ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa lɛɛzʊʊ pɩlɩna lone caɣyɛ cɔlɔ nɛ tɔmɩŋ weyi ɛyʊ ɖɔka yɔ ɛ-cɔlɔ. Paa ɛyʊ ɛpɩzɩɣ yɔɔdʊʊ pɩyɛ alɩwaatʊ tɔm kʊɖʊm taa kɔyɔ, ɛyaa nabɛyɛ sakɩyɛ taatɩlɩ kaʊ ñɩɣlɩm tʊmɩyɛ naɖɩyɛ halɩ pacaɣ pa-kɩsɩŋgɩlɩtʊ taa pʊkɔɔ pɩtalɩ ɛsakuliye kɩfam lɛɛzɩtʊ alɩwaatʊ. Ɛlɛ ɖɩpɩzɩɣ ɖɩtɔɔ kʊɖʊm taa wɛɛ ana apaza pɩtalɩ ɛzɩ pɩnzɩ miiliyɔɔ naa naalɛ nɛ hɔɔlʊʊ mbʊ yɔ. Alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa kɛ kajalaɣ ɛyaa paɣzɩ lubu wondu.
Ɖɩmaɣzɩ sakɩyɛ taa se wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ kɩmaɣnɩyɛ taa ajɛyɛ nɛ Azii nɛ hadɛ-wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa ajɛyɛ sʊ wɛɛ ana a-taa kɛ pɩyɛ alɩwaatʊ tɛmtʊ cɔlɔ ɛzɩ pɩnzɩ 6000 pʊcɔ palʊlɩ Yeesu-Krɩstʊ. Eerɔpʊ nɛ Azii hɔɔlʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩkazaa yɔ nɛ Afrika kedeŋga kɛ pɩnzɩ 4000 pʊcɔ palʊlɩ Yeesu-Krɩstʊ nɛ Amerika ɛsakuliye kɛ pɩnzɩ 2500 pʊcɔ palʊlɩ Yeesu-Krɩstʊ.


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Alɛkɩsandrii
Alɛkɩsandrii kɛna Egipiti ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔ natʊyʊ nɛ pɩnaɣ 2010 taa pakalɩ ɛyaa kɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa lɛ, pɛɖɛ miliyɔɔnaa 4 300 000 mbʊ yɔ. Ɛlɛ sɩŋŋŋ taa lɛ pɛkpɛnda ɛyaa 4 388 219 hab. Ɛyʊ weyi payaɣ-ɩ se Alexandre Sɔsɔ yɔ ɛnʊ kaalɛɣna peeɖe caaʊ ɖooo pɩnzɩ -331 taa pʊcɔ nɛ palʊlʊʊ Yeesu, mbʊ yebina nɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ pasʊʊ-tʊ hɩɖɛ se Alɛkɩsandrii.
Pʊcɔ nɛ ɖooo caanaʊ taa tɔm kɔŋ lɛ, Alɛkɩsandrii kaakɛna Egipiti tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ kacalaɣ ñɩndʊ. Peeɖe palakaɣ tadɩyɛ sɩŋŋŋ nɛ ɛsakuliye tɔm taa lɛ, peeɖe kɛ ɛyaa sakɩyɛ ɛzɩ Mediteranee mba yɔ pɛkpɛndaɣ nɛ palakɩ amʊʊza ndɩ ndɩ ɖɔɖɔ.
Sɔnɔ taa mbʊ yɔ tɛtʊ ndʊ payaɣ-tʊ se Kɛɛrɩ yɔ ndʊ kacalaɣ ñɩndʊ ɛyaa ɖɔʊ taa nɛ Alɛkɩsandrii tɛtʊ natʊlɛ ndʊ. Alɛkɩsandrii tɛtʊ wɛ Niili Pɔɔ ka-ɖɩyasɩyɛ cɔlɔ, lɩŋgamʊʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ-kʊ se Mareyotisi yɔ nɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ lɩm cɔ-tʊ nɛ pɩta nɛ payaɣ-tʊ Farɔsɩ yɔ tɩ-hɛkʊbtaa. Alɛkɩsandrii maalika ñʊʊtʊ payaɣ se Abdel Fattah Saïd Hussein Khalil al-Sissi.


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1 1 Apəlaham lʋlʋɣʋ tʋ ntɛ́ Tafiiti, Tafiiti lʋlʋɣʋ tʋ Yesu Kilisiti lʋlʋɣʋ looŋa ntɛ́ cənɛ. 2 Apəlaham lʋla Ɩsaaka, na Ɩsaaka náá lʋlɩ Yakɔpʋ, na Yakɔpʋ náá lʋlɩ Yuta na ɩ newaa. 3 Yuta ná lʋla Falɛsɩ na Sela. Pɛlɛ pa too kɛlɛ Tamaa. Falɛsɩ ná lʋla Hɛsəlɔŋ, na Hɛsəlɔŋ náá lʋlɩ Alam, 4 na Alam náá lʋlɩ Aminatapɩ, na Aminatapɩ náá lʋlɩ Naasɔŋ, na Naasɔŋ náá lʋlɩ Saləma. 5 Saləma ná lʋla Poosi, Poosi too kɛlɛ Lahapɩ. Poosi ná lʋla Opɛtɩ, Opɛtɩ too kɛlɛ Luuti. Opɛtɩ ná lʋla Sesee, 6 na Sesee ná lʋləna wulaʋ sɔsɔ Tafiiti. Tafiiti ná lʋla Salʋmɔŋ, Salʋmɔŋ too kɛlɛ Yulii alʋ. 7 Salʋmɔŋ ná lʋla Lʋpʋwam, na Lʋpʋwam náá lʋlɩ Apiya, na Apiya náá lʋlɩ Asafɩ, 8 na Asafɩ náá lʋlɩ Yosafatɩ, na Yosafatɩ náá lʋlɩ Yolam, na Yolam náá lʋlɩ Osiyasɩ. 9 Osiyasɩ ná lʋla Yowatam, na Yowatam náá lʋlɩ Akasɩ, na Akasɩ náá lʋlɩ Ɩsekiyasɩ, 10 na Ɩsekiyasɩ náá lʋlɩ Manasee, na Manasee náá lʋlɩ Amoŋ, na Amoŋ náá lʋlɩ Yosiyasɩ. 11 Yosiyasɩ ná lʋləna Cekoniyasɩ na ɩ newaa kɛ waatʋ wei pa kuu Ɩsɛɣɛlɩ nyə́ma na pá pona Papiloni tɔ. 12 Pa pona Ɩsɛɣɛlɩ nyə́ma kɛ Papiloni təna, ɩlɛna Cekoniyasɩ náá lʋlɩ Selatəyɛlɩ, na Selatəyɛlɩ náá lʋlɩ Solopapɛɛlɩ, 13 na Solopapɛɛlɩ náá lʋlɩ Apiyuti, na Apiyuti náá lʋlɩ Ɩliyakim, na Ɩliyakim náá lʋlɩ Asɔɔ. 14 Asɔɔ ná lʋla Satɔkɩ, na Satɔkɩ náá lʋlɩ Akim, na Akim náá lʋlɩ Ɩliyuti, 15 na Ɩliyuti náá lʋlɩ Ɩlasaa, na Ɩlasaa náá lʋlɩ Mataŋ, na Mataŋ náá lʋlɩ Yakɔpʋ. 16 Yakɔpʋ ná lʋla Yosɛɛfʋ wei ɩ kɛ́ Malɩ paalʋ tɔ, na Malɩ ɩnɩ ɩ lʋləna Yesu wei pa yaa sɩ Mesii tɔ. 17 Ye mpʋ, ɩsɩɩ pa kɛɛsʋɣʋ sɩ ɩnɛ ɩ lʋla ɩnɛ na ɩnɛ ɩ́lɛ́ ɩ lʋlɩ ɩnɛ tɔ, pə kpaɣaʋ hatoo Apəlaham haləna pə́ tala Tafiiti tɔ, lʋlʋɣʋ loosi kpɛnta naanʋwa na liɣiti. Na pə kpaɣaʋ Tafiiti haləna pə́ tala waatʋ wei pa kuu Ɩsɛɣɛlɩ nyə́ma na pa pona Papiloni tɔ, lʋlʋɣʋ loosi wɛ naanʋwa na liɣiti tɔtɔ. Na lʋlʋɣʋ loosi naanʋwa na liɣiti tɔtɔɣɔ pə kpaɣaʋ hatoo pa ponaʋ Ɩsɛɣɛlɩ nyə́ma kɛ Papiloni tɔ, haləna pə́ sɩɩna Mesii lʋlʋɣʋ. 18 Ɩsəna pa lʋla Yesu Kilisiti tɔɣɔlɔ. Ɩ too Malɩ wei ɩ kɛ́ Yosɛɛfʋ amʋsaɣa tɔ, ɩ haɣa hɔɣɔ na Feesuɣu Naŋŋtʋ toma na pə́cɔ́ ɩ́ saa. 19 Ɩ paalʋ Yosɛɛfʋ ka kɛ́ yʋlʋ kʋpaŋ kɛ́, ɩlɛ ɩ taa tisiɣi sɩ ɩ́ kuli Malɩ waalɩ kɛ́ yəlaa samaa taa. Ɩlɛna ɩ́ hʋʋ sɩ ɩ ká kisi-ɩ mukaɣa tɛɛ. 20 Ɩ hʋʋkaɣa ɩ taa kɛ́ mpʋ, ɩlɛna Tacaa ɩsɔtaa tillu kɔɔ ɩ kiŋ kɛ toosee taa, na ɩ́ heeli-ɩ sɩ: Tafiiti lʋlʋɣʋ tʋ Yosɛɛfʋ, taa nyana nyá amʋsaɣa Malɩ kpaɣaʋ. Pə taɣa pʋlʋ, hɔɣɔ ŋka ɩ haɣaa tɔ, Feesuɣu Naŋŋtʋ kiŋ kɛ ka lɩɩnaa. 21 Ɩ ká lʋlɩ apalʋ pəyaɣa, na ń yaa-kɛ sɩ Yesu. Pə taɣa pʋlʋ, pəyaɣa ŋkɛ kaa waasəna ka yəlaa kɛ pa ɩsaɣatʋ taa. 22 Pə tənaɣa mpʋ pə lapa na pə́cɔ́ tɔm nti Tacaa ka yɔɣɔtəna Ɩsɔ kʋyɔɣɔtʋtʋ tɛləsʋlʋ nɔɣɔ tɔ tə́ lá tampana sɩ: 23 Ɩ́ nyənɩ, pɛɛlɔ wei ɩ ta nyənta apalʋ tɔ ɩ ká haɣa hɔɣɔ, na ɩ́ lʋlɩ apalʋ pəyaɣa, na paa yaa-kɛ sɩ Ɩmaniyɛlɩ. (Hətɛ tənɛ tə yɔɣɔtəɣɩ sɩ Ɩsɔ wɛ tá kiŋ.) 24 Yosɛɛfʋ fema, ɩlɛna ɩ́ lá nti Tacaa ɩsɔtaa tillu ka heela-ɩ tɔ. Ɩ kpaɣa ɩ amʋsaɣa Malɩ. 25 Ama ɩ ta nyəmɩ-ɩ haləna ɩ́ tɛ pəyaɣa lʋlʋɣʋ. Na Yosɛɛfʋ yaa-kɛ sɩ Yesu.
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Kambɔjɩ
Kambɔjɩ kɛna Asii wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ nɛ hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ ɖɩ-taaɛyaa wɛ ɛzɩ miliyɔɔnaa hiu nɛ kagbaanzɩ yɔ. Peeɖe tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Phnom Penh. Kambɔjɩ nɛ ajɛya wena asɩ ɖam nɛ kamaɣ yɔ ana yɔ: wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa nɛ hayu kiŋ lɛ Tayilandi, hayʊ kiŋ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ Lawɔsɩ pɩkazɩ wɩsɩ ɖilɩyɛ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ nɛ haɖɛ kiŋ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ Fɩyɛtɩnaam ɛjaɖɛ wɛna.
Payaɣ Kambɔjɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa ɛyaa se Kambɔjɩ mba yaa Kimɛɛrɩ mba. Ɛjaɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa ɛyaa ɛzɩ 96 kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ lakɩ ɛsɔ sɛtʊ ndʊ payaɣ se Pudisiti Tɛravadaŋ yɔ nɛ ɛyaa naalɛ kɛ mɩnʊ yɔɔ kɛ malɩŋ pɩkazɩ ɛyʊ kʊɖʊm mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ kɛ krɩstʊ tʊ.
Pɩnaɣ 1975 taa mba payaɣ-wɛ se Kɩmɛrɩ Kɩsɛɛmaa yɔ, pakpaɣ kewiyaɣ kpelaɣ lɛ ñam ñam lakasɩ sɔsɔsɩ nasɩyɛ la nɛ ɛyaa kutokiŋ kutokiŋ hiu sɩm fala.
Haɖaʊ kɛŋna tʊmɩyɛ nɖɩ Kambɔjɩ ɛyaa kilɩɣ labʊ se pehiu nɛ pɔtɔɔ yaa pehiuna pa-tɩ yɔ, mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ ɛyaa ɛzɩ 57,6 kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ kɛ haɖaa. Peeɖe ɛsɩyɛ egbena sɩŋna ɖɔɖɔ nɛ ɛjaɖɛ hikɩɣ ɖɩ-tɩ ɖɔɖɔ. Pɩnaɣ 2005 taa pana kaɖzɩm nɛ gaz. Paa nɛ peeɖe kʊñɔntɩtʊ ɛɛwɛ ɛzɩma ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa kɔyɔ, ajɛya lɛɛna wɛɛ nɛ ateŋ-ɖɩ ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1990.
Kambɔjɩ wɛ Azii nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa ajɛya kɩkpɛndɩɣ ŋgbɛyɛ taa ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1999.
Cheng Heng kaakɛna Kambɔjɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa salakanaa yɔɔ cɔnɛyʊ nɛ ɛkɔɔ ɛkɛ paɣtʊ lɩzɩyaa ñʊʊtʊ nɛ ɛnʊ kɛŋna Kɩmɛrɩ ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊtʊ kacalaɣ-tʊ.


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Rood Ayilandi
Rood Ayilandi kɛna Etaazunii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ cikpetʊ natʊyʊ. Nɛ Etazuunii ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ ajɛya cikpena naayɛ nɩɩnɩwa kpɛndɩna nɛ aɖʊ nɔɔ nɛ awɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ taa kpaɩ. Etaazunii tɔbʊʊ nɛ kabɩyɛ taa se ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ. Rood Ayilandi taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Providence nɛ tɩ-taa ɖɔɖɔ kɛ ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ.
Pamaza Rood Ayilandi ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ taa lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ ɛzɩ 4 002 km2 nɛ ɖenɖe tɛtʊ ñabɩ wɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 2 706 km2 yɔ nɛ ɖenɖe lɩm ñɛwɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe ñɛwɛʊ ɛzɩ 1 295 km2 yɔ pʊtɔbʊʊ se pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 41,19 yɔ kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ. Ɛjaɖ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩkɛŋna 43 ñɩnɖɛ ɛyaa ɖɔʊ taa kɛ Etazuunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ kpeekpe taa.
Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɖɩ kɛŋna ɛjaɖɛ 13 ñɩnɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩsʊ Etaazunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndɩɣ ŋgbɛyɛ taa yɔ. Ɛlɛ pɩɩkɛ agoza fenaɣ kɩyakʊ nɛɛlɛ nɛ nakʊ ŋgʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 1790. Pɩnaɣ 2010 taa paakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ paana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 1 052 567 yɔ.
Payaɣ Rood Ayilandi ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-ñʊʊdʊ se Gina Raimondo (D) piyele nɛ komina ñʊndinaa kɔyɔ: Jack Reed (D) nɛ Sheldon Whitehouse (D).
Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, ŋgʊ lɛ yɔ Eŋglɩsɩ. Ɛlɛ siŋŋŋ taa lɛ, komina maɣmaɣ tatɩɩ hada nɔɔ camɩyɛ se Eŋgiɩsɩ kɛŋna kɩ-kʊnʊŋ.


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Kinee-Ekwatoriyaaalɩ
Kinee-Ekwatoriyaaalɩ kɛna Afrika hɛkʊ n ɛ hɛkʊ nɛ hɛkʊ taa ɛjaɖɛ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩwɛna hɔɔlɩŋ naalɛ: lɛɛkʊ kɛ tɛtʊ maɣmaɣ nɛ lɛɛkʊ lɛ lɩm cʊ-kʊ kpɛɛ nɛ pɩta. Kacalaɣ hɔɔlʊ wɛ Kameruni nɛ Kaabɔnɩ pɛhɛkʊ taa nɛ naalɛ ñɩŋgʊ ñɛwɛna tɛtʊ ñabɩ ndʊ lɩm cɔ-tʊ nɛ pɩta nɛ payaɣ-tʊ se Piyoka nɛ Anoobonɩ yɔ tɩ-hɛkʊ taa.
Nabayɛ maɣ Kiinee-Ekuwatooriyalɩ ne paahɛʊ cɩŋga hɩla naalɛ ana ahɛkʊ taa. pamaɣ yerm se: Kiinee ekuwatooriyalɩ. Nabʊlɛ lɛ paamaɣna mayaɣ sɔsɔwa se pɩwɩlɩ se se pɩkɛna Hiɖɛ sɔsɔyɛ. Fransɩ cɔnaɣ nɛ ɛna mbʊ lɛ ɛtɔ se pɩfɛyɩ ɖɛu kɛ mbʊ nɛ ɛtɔ se pataama se: Kiinee ekʊwatooriyalɩ yem mbʊ pʊwɛɛ se paña ŋe pama nɛ pɛhɛɛ cɩŋga hɩla ana ahɛkʊ taa nɛ pamana ɖɔɖɔ mayaɣ sɔsɔwa mbʊ see: Kiinee-Ekʊwatoriyalɩ. Alɩwaatʊ ndʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩtaatɩɩ wɛtaa ɖɩt-tɩ yɔɔ yɔ payaɣ-ɖɩ Kiinee ɛsɩpañɔɔlɩ.
Yee pɩwɛɛ se pɔyɔɔdɩ Kiinee-Ekʊwatoriyalɩ caanaʊ tɔm natʊyʊ kɔyɔ, kɩhɔɔlɩŋ naalɛ ɛnʊ ɛ-tɔm kpem kɛ pɔyɔɔdɩɣ: kacalaɣ hɔɔlʊ nŋgʊ kɩwɛ Kameruni nɛ Kaabɔnɩ pɛhɛkʊ taa yɔ nɛ naalɛ ñɩŋgʊ lɛ ŋgʊ lɩm cɔ-kʊ ko nɛ pɩta yɔ. Pɔcɔnaa lɛ ɖooo pɩnaɣ 8000 pɩcɔ nɛ palʊlʊʊ Yesu lɛ lɩm cɔ Kiinee tɛtʊ ndʊ nɛ pɩta yɔ tɩɩtama nɛ ɖama nɛ pɩcɔ nɛ pɩwayɩ lɩm wadɩ-tʊ nɛ pɩtɛyɩ ɖama.Pañɩnaa nɛ pana se ɛyaa kɑwɛ Musumuu taa kɛ pɩnzɩ 30000 taa pɩcɔ nɛ palʊlʊʊ Yesu. Pɩtasɩ lɛ pana kpankuɖum waa naŋgbansɩ kɛ Paataa nɛ Riyoo Muuni kɛ pɩnzɩ 3000 taa kɛ mbʊ yɔ. Mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ pana nama yaa pɛ wena pasaɣ yɔ kɛ hɔɔlɩŋ ɛnʊ ɛ-taa.
Piyoko tɔm ñɛwɛna ndɩ kpem mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ ñɩnɩyaa kaɣ peeɖe tɔm lɛɣzɩɣ pazɩ. Pɩnaɣ 1960 taa pañɩna nɛ pana se peeɖe tɛtɛɛ ñɩm yaa kaaŋ wɛ naputozo taa nɛ weyi ɛna mbʊ yɔ ɛkɛ Ɛsipañɔɔlɩ eɨaɖɛ taa tʊ. Nabɛyɛ tɔŋ se Piyokoo taa pʊʊ-taa ñɩmba nabɛyɛ kaacaɣ pɩnzɩ 3500 taa nɛ pʊcɔ palʊlʊʊ Yesu ɛlɛ nabʊyʊ ɛwɩlʊ se tovonim yaa pɛcɛtɩɣ tɔm ndʊ. Ñɩnɩyaa mba pekpeela Timbaabe yɔ pawayɩ lɛ; nabayɛ wɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ; pa-taa kɔyɔ: Karbonera, Polawʊpi, Puyela nɛ Palombe. Ɛlɛ tɔm tʊnɛ yɔ tɩkɛ ɖooo canaʊ taa tɔm natʊyʊ.
Kiinee-Ekuwatoriyalɩ hɔɔlʊ naalɛ ñɩŋgʊ ŋgʊ kɩwɛna Kameruni nɛ Kaabɔnɩ pɛhɛkʊ taa yɔ, ñɩnɩyaa tatɩɩñɩnɩta nɛ pana nabʊyʊ ɛlɛ pɔtɔŋ se paapɩɩla wee yɔ peeɖe nɛ Kamerunɩ hadɛ kiŋ nɛ Liibeɖevili pɔ-tɔm lɩɣ ɖama.


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Peenɛɛ
Peenɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ kɛ payawaɣ ɖooo se Ɖahʊma nɛ kɩkɛ Afrika nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ. Ɖɩwalanzɩ kpayɩ taa lɛ, pɩmaɣna ɛzɩ 114 763 km2 nɛ ɖɩ-ɖalakɩŋ wɛ ɛzɩ kilomɛtana 670 yɔ. Pɩnaɣ 2013 taa lɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa ɛyaa kaawɛ ɛzɩ 10 008 749 yɔ. Wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa lɛ, Peenɛɛ sɩ kamaɣ nɛ Togo tɛtʊ, wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa lɛ pɩsɩna Najeeriya, nɛ hayi kɩŋ lɛ, Nigerɩ nɛ Purkina Fasoo. Peenɛɛ wɛ kɩ-tɩ yɔɔ kpaagba wɛʊ kɛ kɩyɛna fenaɣ kacalaɣ wiye pɩnaɣ 1960 nɛ payawaɣ-kʊ pɩtɛ alɩwaatʊ se Ɖahʊma.
Kɩmʊwaɣ kɩ-tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊ mbʊ lɛ, Fransi sɔsɔ weyi payaɣa-ɩ se Louis Jacquinot yɔ, ɛnʊ ɖʊsɩna kewiyaɣ kɛ Ɖahʊma nɔɔ yɔɔ ɖɛyʊ ɖa-caa Hubert Maga se ɛnʊ yɔ peeɖe tɛtʊ ñʊʊtʊ. Pɩlabɩ pɩnzɩ hiu nɛ naalɛ lɛ, Mathieu Kérékou mʊ kewiyaɣ kpelaɣ nɛ pɩnaɣ 1975 lɛ ɛlɛɣzɩ Ɖahʊma nɛ payaɣ se Peenɛɛ. Eɖiyaɣ ɛ-ɛjaɖɛ ɛzɩ Kɔmiinizim paɣtʊ pɔzʊ yɔ kɛ kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 1974. Ɛlɛ pɩkɔma ɛzɩ pɩnzɩ kagbanzi wayɩ lɛ Peenɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ sʊʊ kʊñɔŋ sɔsɔʊ nakʊyʊ taa nɛ pɩnaɣ 1990 lɛ, kɩlɛɛzɩ komina paɣtʊ tɩŋga. Pɔtɔ caca lɛ pawa Mathieu Kérékou nɛ ɛkʊyɩ kpelaɣ yɔɔ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ pipɔzɩɣ yɔ. Pɩnaɣ 1996 paɖaɣnɩ tɔʊ caca lɛ, samaɣ lɩzɩ Mathieu Kérékou se ɛɖaɣnɩ kɛʊ Peenɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊtʊ. Wayɩ mbʊpʊnɛ pɩ-taa lɛ ɛtatasɩ kɩñazɩɣ tɔm nɛ ɖoŋ tɔm ɖɩɩnaʊ pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩ 2006 pɩnaɣ taa.
Pɔɔrto-noovoo kɛŋna tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ ɛlɛ, Kotonu kɔyɔ tɔsʊʊ nɛ ɛsɩnda wobu tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ kpem. Fransɩ kɛ pɔyɔɔdɩɣ Peenɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ liidiye nɖɩ pɔtɔkɩ yɔ ɖɩɖɩ lɛ fraŋseefa. Yayi Boni kɔyɔ Peenɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊdʊ kɩfalʊ. Ɛnʊ wabina Mathieu Kérékou kɛ caca ŋgʊ paatɔ lakɩŋ fenaɣ hiu nɛ nakʊ pɩnaɣ 2006 yɔ; pɩwayɩ lakɩŋ fenaɣ hiu nɛ kʊɖʊmʊ pɩnaɣ 2011 ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, patasɩ-ɩ lɩzɩʊ se ɛtasɩ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɔkɩɣ kɛ pɩnzɩ kagbanzɩ mbilim. Ɛzɩ paɣtʊ pɔzɩɣ yɔ, Yayi Boni kaɣ kʊyʊʊ kpelaɣ yɔɔ ɖiu ɖiu kɛ pɩnaɣ 2016 nɛ ɛkazɩ kpeelaɣ kɛ lɛlʊ mbʊ pʊ-yɔɔ yɔ, peeɖɛ ñʊʊdʊ ɛɛɖɛʊ pɩnzɩ hiu kɛ kewiyaɣ yɔɔ lɩŋŋŋ. Kpaɣ ɖooo ɛzɩ Ɖahʊma pɩsɩʊ Peenɛɛ yɔ, Afrika wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa payɩ lɛ, Peenɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ wɩla kaɣlaa se temokraasii wɛ kɩ-ɛjaɖɛ taa.


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Astatɩ
Astatɩ, paasɩma-ɩ ɖooo alɩwaatu natʊyʊ taa nɛ hɩla anɛyɔ eka-iode yaa alabame, ɛkɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 85 nɛ yʊsaɣ ñɩŋa yɔ At. Palakɩ-ɩ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ piŋ kɛ ɖɔkɔtɔ nɔmɔʊ taa.
Astatɩ (Ɛnglɩsɩ kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ astatine, pɩtɩŋna krɛkɩ yɔɔ astatos pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se ɛfɛyɩ ɖiɣɖiɣ). Pɩnaɣ 1869, alɩwaatʊ ndʊ Dimitri Mendeleïv susaɣa ɛ-tɛ pʊtʊnaa tɛ caɣyɛ kpata lɛ, ɩyɔdɩ tɛ kaawɛ hooo. Pʊcɔ posusi keelee ɛ-tɛ natʊ tɔm lɛ, paaya-ɩ se éka-iode (eka-iodine Ɛnglɩsɩ taa), nɛ pɩwɩlɩɣ se ɛɛwɛ ɩyɔdɩ tɛɛ kɛnɛ. Lɛɣtʊ tɩnaa takɩ cɛyɩ pa-tɩ se paana-ɩ kedeŋga taa, ɛzɩma ɛtɔtɔyɩ yɔ, natʊ sakɩyɛ kɛ cɛtɩm tɔm.
Kajalaɣ pɩɣyɩɣ pɩlɩna éka-iode yɔɔ yɔ paalaba-tʊ pɩnaɣ 1932 pɩtɩŋna Fred Allison nɛ ɛ-ɛgbaɣdɩnaa mba paawɛ Alabama laɣsɩ sakɩyɛ sukuli taa (ŋgʊ pɩsɩna sɔnɔ Auburn sukuli sɔsɔʊ). Ɛyaa mba paha-ɩ hɩɖɛ se alabame (alabamine Ɛnglɩsɩ kʊnʊŋ taa) pɩlɩna Alabama nɛ yʊsaɣ mayaɣ kɛ Am, pʊwayɩ yɔɔ pɛlɛza nɛ pɩpɩsɩ Ab.
Yʊsaɣ mayaɣ Ab kaakɛ pʊtʊ 85 takayasɩ sakɩyɛ taa kedeŋga kpeekpe you sɔsɔʊ ŋgʊ alɩwaatʊ taa. Pɩnaɣ 1937 lɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkɩyʊ Rajendralal De yɔɔdɩ pʊtʊ 85 natʊ tɔm pɩtɩŋna monazite ŋgʊ ɛyaa se dakin yɔ (pʊwɛ ɛzɩ Dacca yɔ) nɛ dekhine.


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Wiyaʊ
Kiɖe tɛ lɛ, Kabɩyɛ ñɩma tafɛyɩna kewiyaɣ, ɛlɛ kɛ-nɛyɔ paɖʊ-kɛ ajɛyɛ pajaɣmañʊŋ yɔ alɩwaatʊ taa. Pɩpɩsɩ sɔnzɩ nɛ ɖeɖe nɛ sɔnɔ lɛ, paɖooye lɛ wiyaʊ wɛ pa hɔlʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa agbelaa wena pasɩmayɛ yɔ a-taa. Samaɣ taa ɛyaa lɩzɩna pa-wiyaʊ ɛlɛ, komina taa caɣyaa wɛ nɛ pɔcɔŋna pʊɖɔnɛ taa.
Samaɣ taa pa ɛyʊ weyi pɩzɩʊ ɛkɛ wiyaʊ ɛlɛ ŋwɛɣna nangbaŋgʊ hɔm takayaɣ nɛ ŋwɛɣna cɩɖɩ cɩɖɩ wɛtʊ tʊnɛyɔ ɛ-wɛʊ lɔŋ nɛ ɛ-wɛ hɛɛɛ nɛ ɛ-wɛ suɖuu mbʊ pʊyɔ yɔ ɛ-wɛtʊ samaɣ kpaɣkʊ. Pʊyɔɔ lɛ, ɛɖanɛ ɛpɩzɩɣ ɛkɛ wiyaʊ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ pʊwɛ se ŋwɛna nɛ ndɩlɩ ɖɔkʊʊ hɔʊ nɛ pʊcɔ ndɔkɩ samaɣ. Pʊyɔɔ poduu eduuye se ɛyaadʊ payaɣ wiyaʊ. Pʊdɔbʊ se wiyaʊ ɛnʊyɔ ɛwɛna ɛyaa sakɩyɛ.
Sɔnɔ kɩyakɩŋ ɛnɛ ɛtaa yɔ halʊ ɖɔɖɔ pɩzɩʊ ɛkɛ wiyaʊ. Alɩwaatʊ ndʊ patʊʊzʊɖʊ tɔm takayaɣ kanɛyɔ ka-da yɔ, halʊ kɛna Piya kantɔŋ wiyaʊ. Ɛyeke ɛsɩmɩna nɛ ɛ-kandʊ sɔŋzɩ. Ɛ-hʊʊ ɛyaa hɛkʊ taa ñɩm nɛ efeletu tɔm. Wiyaʊ hɔŋ ɛyʊ naŋgbaŋgʊ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ Togo ɛjaɖɛ paɣtʊ pɔzʊʊ yɔ. Ɛyeke koŋ ɛ-hana waɖɛ se pɛɖɛɛ kpɛzɩyɛ.
Wiyaʊ wɛna kɛsɛsɩ nasɩyɛ. Ɛwɛna waɖɛ se ɛcaɣ kewiyaɣ taa sɔsaa cɔlɔ kediisasi sɔsɔsɩ ɖɩlaɖɛ. Wiyaʊ pɩzɩʊ ɛyɔɔdʊʊ sɔsaa tɔm ɖʊhʊyɛ. Ɖooo taa lɛ ɛpɩzɩʊ ɛkpaɣ ɛyaa nɛ dɔŋ nɛ palakɩ tʊma ɖoŋ cɩna ɛ-hayim taa.
Wiyaʊ kewiyaɣ ɛtɛŋ ɛzɩ cɔjɔ ɛlɛ, yee natʊyʊ ɛkpaɖa ɛzɩ ɛ-sʊ kpaŋ yaa ɛ-yʊlʊma yaa ɛ-tɔm natʊyʊ ɛsʊ efeletʊ taa kɔyɔ pɩpɩzɩ piyele nɛ pamʊ kewiyaɣ ɛ-nesi tɛɛ. Ɛlɛ ɛmʊla yaa ɛ-mɩla kɔyɔ paapɩzɩ pɔ-hɔzɩ ɛ-tɛ kewiyaɣ toko.
Kabɩyɛ kantɔɔnaa awiya[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Kabɩyɛ kantɔɔnaa awiya hɩla nɛ pa-kaŋgalafunaa masɩ kɔyɔ :


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Utaa
Utaa kɛna Etaazunii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ cikpetʊ natʊyʊ. Nɛ Etazuunii ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ ajɛya cikpena naayɛ nɩɩnɩwa kpɛndɩna nɛ aɖʊ nɔɔ nɛ awɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ taa kpaɩ. Etaazunii tɔbʊʊ nɛ kabɩyɛ taa se ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ. Uta taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Salt Lake City nɛ tɩ-taa ɖɔɖɔ kɛ ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ.
Pamaza Utaa ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ taa lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ ɛzɩ 220 080 km2 nɛ ɖenɖe tɛtʊ ñabɩ wɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 212 988 km2 yɔ nɛ ɖenɖe lɩm ñɛwɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe ñɛwɛʊ ɛzɩ 7 092 km2 yɔ pʊtɔbʊʊ se pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 3.22 yɔ kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩkɛŋna 45 ñɩnɖɛ ɛyaa ɖɔʊ taa kɛ Etazuunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ kpeekpe taa.
Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɖɩ kɛŋna ɛjaɖɛ 45 ñɩnɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩsʊ Etaazunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊɣ ŋgbɛyɛ taa yɔ. Ɛlɛ pɩɩkɛ kɔlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ naaza ŋgʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 1896. Pɩnaɣ 2010 taa paakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ paana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 2 763 885 yɔ.
Payaɣ Uta ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-ñʊʊdʊ se Gary Herbert (R) piyele nɛ komina ñʊndinaa kɔyɔ: Orrin Hatch (R) nɛ Mike Lee (R).
Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, ŋgʊ lɛ yɔ Eŋgilisi.


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Neeyerɩlandɛ kʊnʊŋ
Neeyerɩlandɛ (Needɛrɩlandɩ, nɛ kɩyɔɔdʊʊ kɔyɔ se [ˈneː.dəɾ.ˌlɑnts]) kɛ Gɛrɩmanikii hɔʊ taa kʊnʊŋ, pɔyɔɔdʊʊ-kʊ keeke Peyibaa nɛ kɩ-tɛ outre mèr tɛtʊ nɛ Pɛliziki (Flamande nɛ Bruxelloise agetaa taa) nɛ tɛtʊ hɔɔlʊʊ cɩkpelʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-wɛ Fransɩɩ nɛ hayi kiŋ (Westhoek) nɛ Suriname ajɛyɛ taa.
Ajɛyɛ hɛɛkʊʊ kpɩyɩɖʊʊ ŋgbɛ, Neeyerɩlandɛ kʊnʊŋ nɔɔ kʊyʊmaɣ ŋgbɛ tɩna se ɖɩ-ɖʊʊ kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ kɩ-paɣtʊ. Neeyerɩlandɛ kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ nabʊyʊ taa payaɣ-kʊ se Holandɛ yaa Flamandɩ.
Neeyerɩlandɛ kʊnʊŋ lɩna Gɛrimanikii agnela Ɛndɩ-Erɔpʊ kʊnʊmɩŋ taa. Pɩkɛna Fransiki hadɛ kiŋ yɔɔdaɣ, yaa siiduu siiduu kʊnʊmɩŋ weyi pɩhayɩ waɖɛ se kɩ-kɛ ɛjaɖɛ taa kʊnʊŋ.
Samaɣ kʊnʊmɩŋ kpɛlɛkɩyaa saŋ Neeyerɩlandɛ kʊnʊŋ nɛ payaɣ-kʊ se kʊnʊŋ sɔsɔʊ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ pama-kʊ nɛ yɔɔdaasɩ sakɩyɛ nzɩ pɛgɛdɩna yɔ nɛ politiki ɖoŋ yɔ lɛ, kɩ-pɩsɩ wazaɣ pʊyʊʊ pɩŋ tɔm matʊ kʊɖʊmtʊ hɔɔlʊʊ taa.
Tɔmpiye Neeyerɩlandɛ lɩna Nedɛrɩlandɩ tɔm taa, Peeyibaa matʊ taa. Nedɛrɩlandɩ wɩlɩʊ Neeyerɩlandɛ kʊnʊŋ ɛjaɖɛ sɩm ɖɩlɩyɛ yaa lɩzʊʊ se kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ egetiye ŋɖɩ ɖɩ-taa. Nɛ ŋsɔɔla wɩlɩʊ Neeyerɩlandɛ abalʊ kɔyɔ ndɔŋ se Nedɛrɩlandɛrɩ nɛ halʊ lɛ, Nedɛrɩlandsɛ.


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Rusɩɩ kʊnʊŋ
Rusɩɩ kʊnʊŋ tɛ nɛ Sɩlavɩ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa kɩŋ Ɛndɩ-Erɔpʊ kʊnʊmɩŋ cejewiye taa, ɖeeɖe ɖɔɖɔ ukranien nɛ bielorusse pɛtɛ yɔ. Ɛyaa mba panɩʊ kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ ɛzɩ palʊla-wɛ kɩ-taa yɔ pɛcɛzaa miliiyɔɔ waa 280.
Kɩ-kɛ Rusɩɩ ajɛyaa kɩgbɛdʊʊ tɛ kewiyaɣ kʊnʊŋ nɛ kɩ-kɛ ajɛyaa anɛ yɔ Bielorussie nɛ Kazakhstan nɛ Kirghizistan tɛ kewiyaɣ kʊnʊŋ lɛɛkʊ. Rusɩɩ kɛ ɖɔɖɔ ajɛyɛɛ wena a-wɛ a-tɩ yɔɔ a-tɛ kɩgbɛndʊʊ taa kʊnʊŋ.
Rusɩɩ yɔɔdʊʊ ɖɔɔ siŋ Ukrɛɛnɩ agetaa naayɛ taa kɔzɩ haɖɛ yɔ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa yɔ kiŋ nɛ Kɩyɛvɩ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ taa. Rusɩɩ kɛ ONU taa kewiyaɣ kʊnʊŋ.
Rusɩɩ kʊnʊŋ lɩna Sɩlavɩ agbelaa kʊnʊmɩŋ taa nɛ kɩkpaɣ kɩ-tɩ nɛ Sɩlavɩ kɩbɩnʊʊ taa. Pɩlɩna Sɩlavɩ samaɣ kʊnʊŋ yɔ lɛ, Cɔɔcɩ kʊnʊmɩŋ lɩɩ, sɩlavɔnɩ Yeesu ŋgbɛɣɛ yaa kɩlaʊ kɩbɩnʊʊ nɛ ɛjaɖɛ tɛ kʊnʊmŋ sakɩyɛ lɩɩna Sɩlavɩ kʊnʊmɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ cɔlɔ.
Rusɩɩ kɩbɩnʊʊ pɔyɔɔdɔɔ kpaɣɖʊ kagbanzɩ nɛ kpaɣɖʊ hɩʊ nɛ naanza taa Sɩlavɩ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ agbelaa kʊnʊmɩŋ taa. Cɔɔcɩ taa Sɩlavɔnɩ pɩsa kɩcaɣ nɔnɔ tɛ Rusɩɩ yɔ pɩŋ.


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Irɩlandɩ
Irɩlandɩ kɛna Erɔpʊ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩwɛ Erɔpʊ ajɛya kɩkpɛndɩɣ taa ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1973. Irɩlandɩ wɛ Kewiyaɣ Kpɛndɩɣ taa nɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩwɛna tɛtʊ ñabɩ ndʊ lɩm cɔ-tʊ nɛ pɩta yɔ. Ɖooo mbʊ yɔ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩwɛ ɖɩtɔŋ se ɖɩwɛ Sɛlɩtɩ ajɛya taa.
Irɩlandɩ mayaɣ sɔsɔwa kɔyɔ sɛlɩtɩ cɩmʊ mayaɣ nɛ ŋga kɛwɛna ɖɔɖɔ pe-liidiya eeroo mayaɣ yɔɔ. Ɛlɛ mayaɣ nakayɩ wɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ nɛ kɛwɛ kacaɣ xɛʊ ɛzɩ maayʊʊ hayʊʊ yɔ nɛ ŋga peeɖe rugibii maɖa ɖɔkɩɣ.
Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ, tɔsʊʊ hʊʊ taa lɛ ɖɩɩleeyuu. Pɩnzɩ 1980 taa mbʊ yɔ paya-ɖɩ yɔ ɖɩsɛʊ. Ɛlɛ pʊkɔma pɩtalɩ pɩnzɩ 2007 nɛ 2010 lɛ, ɖɩtɔlɩ. Pɩnaɣ 2010 taa Irɩlandɩ tɔsʊʊ tiba ɛzɩ 32,4 kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ yɔ. Pɩtasɩ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, mba petehiɣ tʊma yɔ pɛɖɛ ɛzɩ ɛyaa hiu nɛ naanza kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ yɔ.
Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, ŋgʊ lɛ aŋgilisi ɛlɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖi-taa mba ñakɩ pana se pɛ-ɛjaɖɛ taa kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ payaɣ-kʊ se irilandɛɛ yɔ, kɩɖɛɛ nɛ ɛsɩndaa.


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Teŋgu kɩsɛɛmʊʊ
Teŋgu kɩsɛɛmʊʊ kɛna teŋgʊ kɩwɛ ilema naalɛ hɛkʊ taa yɔ: Afrika teŋgu nɛ Azii ñɩŋgʊ pɛ-hɛkʊ taa. Mba pɔcɔŋna keteŋa nɛ kɔ-yɔɔ ñɩm yɔɔ yɔ, laŋ, lɩm nɛ tɛtɛ wondu yɔɔ yɔ, pamaza teŋgu kɩsɛɛmʊʊ kʊnɛ lɛ, kɩ-walanzɩ taa maɣna ɛzɩ 450 000 km² yɔ. Kɩ-ɖaalakɩŋ taa wɛ ɛzɩ 1 1914 km yɔ pʊtɔbʊʊ se toboyuu taa ñamaɣna 300 km. Teŋgu kʊnɛ kɩ-tɛ liŋguu taa lɛ pɩmaɣna ɛzɩ mɛtanaa 500 yɔ nɛ ɖenɖe pɩkɩla cukaŋ yɔ, peeɖe pɩzʊʊ pɩtalɩ mɛtanaa ɛzɩ 3 040 yɔ.
Ajɛya wena acɔ Teŋgu kɩsɛɛmʊ kʊnɛ nɛ ata yɔ anaa yɔ: Egipiti, Suudaŋ, Eriitree, Cibutii, Arabii Sauditii nɛ Yemenii. Teŋg̀u kʊnɛ kʊ-yɔɔ kɛ tadaa laɖaa nɛ keteŋga yɔɔ cɔnɩyaa mba palɩɣna Mediteranee teŋgʊ hɔɔlʊʊ yɔɔ yɔ yaa mba palɩɣna Ɛndɩ Kujomuu taa yɔ se pɩtaaɖʊ-wɛɛ kʊñɔŋ se pɔcɔɔ Afrika ilemiye.
Ebeya mba cɔlɔ lɛ, Teŋgu kɩsɛɛmʊʊ kʊnɛ payaɣa-kʊ Edom teŋgu, pʊtɔbʊʊ se kɩsɛwa. Mbʊ ɖɔɖɔ Turk mba cɔnaa ɖɔɖɔ. Teŋgʊ kʊnɛ kɩ-hɩɖɛ siŋŋŋ lɩna Latɛŋ takayasɩ mayʊ weyi payaɣ-ɩ se Quinte-Curce yɔ ɛ-cɔlɔ. Ɛyɔɔdʊʊ camɩyɛ se wiyao sɔsɔ weyi payaɣ-ɩ se Erythrus yɔ, ɛnʊ yana-kʊ mbʊ. Ɛyɔɔdɩ mbʊ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ ebreya taa lɛ eriitrɔsɩ tɔbʊʊ se kɩsɛɛmɩm; pɩfɛyɩ se nabayɩ ɛmaɣzɩ se teŋgu kʊnɛ kɩ-taa lɩm sɛwa.


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Fransɩyɔm
Fransɩyɔm, alɩwaatʊ natʊyʊ taa lɛ, paasɩma-ɩ hɩɖɛ ɖɩnɛyɔ se eka-sɛzɩyɔm nɛ akɩtɩnɩyɔm K, ɛkɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 87 nɛ yʊsaɣ ñɩŋa yɔ Fr. Ɛkɛ ñɩɣlɩm wonuu ŋgʊ kɩwɛna pʊzʊʊ ɖoŋ yɔ nɛ ɛtɔʊʊ cɛnzɩ yɔ. Marguerite Perey yana-ɩ hɩɖɛ nɖɩ pɩlɩna Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ hɩɖɛ ɖʊʊ yɔ.
Kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ kpata taa lɛ ɛkɛ pʊtʊ naalɛ weyi ɛwɛ kɩlɩ kɛtɛɖaɣ yɔ kɛ pʊtʊnaa hiŋ nakʊ nɛ naalɛ mba pɛwɛ kpata ŋgʊ kɩ-taa yɔ astatɩ wayi. Ɛwɛɛ kpaagbaa ŋñɩɩ yem kɩɖam waa hiŋ niitozo mbʊ yɔ tɛtʊ pɔɔɖɛ taa. Ɛtɔtɔyɩ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ eeleɖiɣ, pɔyɔkʊʊ akɩtɩnɩyɔ pʊcɔ pana-ɩ. Astatɩ pɩza ɖɔɖɔ se kɩlɩna ʊranɩyɔm taa yaa tɔrɩyɔm taa.
Pana fransɩyɔm pɩnaɣ 1939 Curie sukuli taa Paarii tɛtʊ taa pɩtɩŋna Marguerite Perey, alɩwaatʊ nʊ ɛñalaɣa lantanɩ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa kaawɛ akɩtɩnɩyɔm. Kpaɣ pɩnzɩ 1870 alɩwaatʊ taa, kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkɩyaa ŋgbɛyɛɛ maɣzɩ nɛ pɔtɔŋ se ɖʊʊyʊ pʊtʊ nɔyʊ tɛɖɩɣ nɛ ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 87, sɛzɩyɔm tɛɛ kɛ pʊtʊnaa pɩlɩyɛ taa. Paasɩma-ɩ nɛ hɩɖɛ ɖɩnɛ yɔ eka-sɛzɩyɔm.
Pɩnaɣ 1930 alɩwaaatʊ taa wɩlɩyʊ Fred Allison, Alabama tɩlɩyɛ sukuli taa yɔɔda pʊtʊ 87 natʊ tɔm. Allison yɔɔdɩ se payaa pʊtʊ ɛnʊ virginium, ɛ-ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa palʊla-ɩ yɔ hɩɖɛ kɛlɛ, nɛ ɛtɔŋ se ɛ-tɛ yʊsaɣ masɩ kɔyɔ Vi nɛ Vm. Mbʊ lɛ, pɩnaɣ 1934, wɩlɩyʊ MacPherson, Californe Berkeley sukuli kɩtɛzʋʋ taa, tɔŋ se pʊtʊ ɛnʊ ɛ-tɔm kɛ cɛtɩm tɔm.


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Ositraali Lɩŋamʊʊ
Ositraali Lɩŋgamʊʊ kɛna lɩŋgamʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩwɛ Atilantiki lɩŋgamʊʊ, Pasifiki Lɩŋgamʊʊ nɛ Ɛndɩ Lɩŋgamʊʊ pɛhɛkʊ taa. Lɩŋgamʊʊ kʊnɛ, paayɔda kʊ-tɔm nɛ pasɩɩ kɩ-kamasɩ lɛ, pɩɩkɛ ɖama nɩnaʊ tɛ kediizaɣ nakɛyɛ ɖeɖe kɛ Antaritiki yɔɔ.
Lɩŋgamʊʊ kʊnɛ kɩwɛ ndɩ nɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖi se Ositraalii yɔ. Ositraali ɛjaɖɛ wɛ Oseyaanii keteŋa taa nɛ nɖɩ kɛna ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩkɩla walɩɣ peeɖe yɔ. Ositraali kɛna tɛtʊ ndʊ lɩm cɔ-tʊ ko nɛ pɩta yɔ; nɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖi-taa ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, lɩm ɖɔna tɛtʊ ñabɩ ñabɩ ndʊ ndʊ yebu yɔ, tɩ-taa kɔyɔ: Tasimaanii, Lɩŋamʊʊ nŋgʊ kɩwɛna wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa yɔ, Pasiifiki nɛ Indɩ. Ajɛya wena acɔ-ɖɩ nɛ ataa yɔ, a-taa kɔyɔ: hayʊ kɩŋ lɛ, Ɛndonezii, Timɔɔrɩ nɛ Papʊwaasi-Kiinee kɩfalʊʊ. Wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ nɛ hayʊ lɛ, îles Salomon, Vanuatu nɛ Kaledoonii kɩfalʋʋ; wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ nɛ hadɛ kɩŋ lɛ, Seelandɩ kɩfalʊʊ piyele nɛ îles Kerguelen (TAAF), Heard nɛ McDonald tɛtʊ ñɛwɛna wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa.
Ositraali lɩngamʊʊ ŋgʊ kɛŋna keteŋa kpeekpe lɩŋgamʊʊ lɩŋgamʊʊ nanza ŋgʊ nɛ ŋgʊ pɩɖɩɣna tɩlɩɣ se kɩkɛ lɩŋgamʊʊ. Kɩpɩsɩɣ mbʊ siŋŋŋ yɔ pɩnaɣ 2 000 taa nɛ payaɣ-kʊ ɖɔɖɔ se Antartiki lɩŋgamʊʊ. Tɔm tʊnɛ keteŋa kpeekpe taa mba palɩza-wɛ nɛ pɔcɔŋna lɩm yɔɔ yɔ mba lɩzɩna-tʊ. Ɛyaa pɛnɛ payaɣ ositraali lɩŋgamʊʊ hɩla ndɩ ndɩ: kacalaɣ lɛ, papɩzɩɣ payaa lɩŋ,gamʊʊ ŋgʊ se ositraali lɩŋgamʊʊ nɛ nabʊlɛ taa lɛ Antarkitiki lɩŋgamʊʊ yaa kpaagbaa taa lɛ payaɣ-kʊ ɖɔɖɔ se Antarkitiki teŋgu.
Teŋgunaa ndɩ ndɩ kpɛndɩna nɛ pɩla Ositraali lɩŋgamʊʊ kʊnɛ. Teŋgʊnaa mba pa-taa kɔyɔ: Amuindisɛni teŋgu, Pelinisihausini nɛ Dirakɩ hɔɔlɩɣ nakʊyʊ, Sikitiya teŋgu, Wedɛlɩ teŋgu, Wiyaʊ sɔsɔ Haakon VII teŋgu, Lazarev teŋgu, Riiser Larsen teŋgu, Cosmonautinaa teŋgu, Entente teŋgu, Davis teŋgu, Mawson teŋgu, Dumont d'Urville teŋgu, Somov teŋgu, Ross teŋgu.
Ositraali lɩngamʊʊ kɔnɛ kɩ-walnzɩ taa maɣna ɛzɩ 20 327 000 km2 yɔ nɛ kɩ-daalakɩŋ taa ñɛwɛ ɛzɩ kilomɛtanaa 17 968 yɔ.


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Toumani Diabaté
Toumani Diabaté kɛna Malii ɛjaɖɛ mʊsɩ laɖʊ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʊ peeɖe lɛ, pakpaɣ-ɩ ɛzɩ mba pakɩlʊ mabʊ pa-cɩmʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ-kʊ se kora yɔ. Palʊla-ɩ Pamako tɛtʊ taa, Malii ɛjaɖɛ taa kɛ kɩyɛna fenaɣ kɩyakʊ hiu wiye pɩnaɣ 1956. Ɛ-pɩyalʊ payaɣ se Sidiki Diabaté, ɛlɛ ɖɔɖɔ kɛna mʊsɩ laɖʊ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʊ. Afrika nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa payɩ lɛ, ɛnʊ pakpaɣ ɛzɩ cɩmʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ-kʊ se kora yɔ ki-wiyaʊ. Ɛ-ɖɛtʊ payaɣ se Mamadou Diabaté. Pʊtɔbʊʊ se se e-cejewiye kpeekpe taa mba kɛna mʊsɩ laɖaa.
Toumani Diabaté paɣzɩ kpɛlɛkʊ kɛ kora mabʊ lɛ, ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ kagbaanzɩ ɖeke. Ɛkɔma nɛ ɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 13 lɛ, ɛnɛ hendu teu ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ paɣ-ɖɩ se Koulikoro yɔ, powolo kɛgbɛyaɣ nakayɩ ɖeɖe Malii ɛjaɖɛ taa. Kɛgbɛyaɣ ŋga palakɩ-kɛ paa pɩnzɩ naalɛ nzɩ lɛ sɩ-wayɩ. Peeɖe mba mʊna kacalaɣ kʊjɔʊ. Kpaagba mbʊ lɛ pasʊzɩ-ɩ Malii ɛjaɖɛ kpeekpe taa mʊsɩ laɖa sʊsa ŋgbɛyɛ taa. Toumani Diabaté nɛ kora maɖa sʊsa sʊsa palaba amʊʊza ɛzɩ: Kandia Kouyaté, Taj Mahal nɛ Ali Farka Touré, weyi ɛna-ɩ palɩza tataɣ kɛ pɩnaɣ 2005 nɛ payaa-kɛ se In the Heart of the Moon.


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Alahaɖɩ yofo ‘aŋɔrɔ tǝb-n’ɩnyɩʊ kaja ‘ʊshilé akoo kʊja ʊ lee ka ʊshilé nɖee anii kǝbayarɩ ba wala ajɩ jɩŋgaarɩ ma. Jɩŋgaarɩ ɖe a kɔɔ wʊɖa acǝrá kajɩŋgaarɩ gboo. Anii kǝbayarɩ baganɔ gaɖǝn ga jɩ ka wàà : ARAKAA [ARACA]. Gaɖuu ba jɩ jɩŋgaarɩ ɖe ma na gǝŋ, Bashɩɖɩ ʊpacine nɩ kasukuru gɩcɩɩca kaja nɩ.
Bɛrɛɩ ba lee jɩŋgaarɩ ɖe akoŋkaarɩ ma, baŋono Ɖɔktɛɛ Ɖɔktɛɛ TAASƱ SAKARƖ Sulkifilu na Ɖin AƉAMU Jeriwo. Jɩŋgaarɩ ɖe nɩ, ataMiniisǝr AFO Safiu a ɖa ashee spɔɔr na bayifala na bapigii babaamaakɔ ma, a ɖa ŋkǝŋ. KƆFƐ Bashiiru a ɖa ashee ɖaɖaa kabaamʊ kaŋyɩɩ kʊceu ma, a ɖa ŋkǝŋ. A lee ka arɛ̀ nɖee a pɩ jɩŋgaarɩ ɖe nɩ na Miniisǝr nɖee a ɖa ashee ɖaɖaa kayɔkɔ ma, aganɔ. Acǝma asʊ̀rá asʊ̀rá anii kapá na kɔmin nɩ, ɩ ɖa jɩŋgaarɩ ɖe nɩ. Halɩ gakoloŋ acǝma ɩɖǝn ɩ ɖoo na Wakee kagʊsaʊ gboo apɩ atǝgaɖu Bashɩɖɩ atɩya. Ba cɩ ɩbobo gboo jɩŋgaarɩ ɖe nɩ. Ama naa ba ye sǝba ɩbobo ɖe, Alaaji AƉAM Abubakarɩ, Abusko a laa ɩbobo kɩmʊra afaŋa bɛrɛ naa gʊcǝrá gʊɖe nɩ nawɩya a pàá tɩ ɖa ncǝn na. Mbaɖee ba ci ɩbobo ɖe ma gǝŋ, Basǝɖa na Naagayili kǝbaja.
GʊGʊ kaŋkulo gboo n ɖoo jɩŋgaarɩ ɖe nɩ, aɖoo n’abʊpá asʊ̀rá asʊ̀rá. Abʊpá asʊ̀rá asʊ̀rá ɖe ɩ ɖoo ɖaa abʊpá ɩshɩnyɩʊ ma. GʊGʊ kaŋkulo n ɖoo na gaja k’ɩŋɔrɔ kagʊbɔ gaja kotoku-banyɩʊ-na-tǝb-n’ɩkolom kagʊja afaŋa bɛrɛ. Abʊpá ɖe ɩŋunii, na gɩkrǝ anii na gɩ ŋɔn na ɩ. Bɛrɛ baŋunii bɩcine ɩ ta kǝ̂r ɖaa atɩgɩkrǝ anii gɩ na ce ŋyɩɩ ma.
Anii kǝbayarɩ baɖe ba na lee koŋkaarɩ na, na yɛɛ anii kǝbapi ba wʊ̂ɖa ganɔ gaɖɔŋkɔnɔ, na lǝ na rǝŋǝ na bawor. Bayarɩ baɖe ba pa tǝb-na-ganaana, ama bayarɩ mbaɖee kǝ ba lee anii kǝbayarɩ na ma, ba pɩ jɩŋgaarɩ ɖe nɩ gboo.


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gɩ sǝba na wala anii kakɔ́lɩ nɖee ɩ yɔ ma, na nɖee k’ɩ yɔ na ma. Gaja ŋgaɖee ga fǝl wáá ma, nɩ na gʊfaŋa gʊ pɩ ashee atʊ. Na gɩ lǝ wàà, ɩ sim gɩ pâla akɔ́lɩ ɖe ɩ naa tǝ̂ anii kasamaa laŋ. Na gɩ sǝba na nɖee gɩ wʊɖa cei atasul ma.
Gacokol kaaja ŋgaɖee ga fǝl wáá ma, kaŋɔrɔ aboŋoka ‘ʊshilé akoo kʊja na gɩ ɖoo n’akɔ́lɩ ɖe gbagbaraa bayarɩ bʊwalʊ nɩ (ARAKAA). Ʊshilé ɖe nɔɔ na anii kǝbapi mbaɖee ba wʊɖa WasAp ma, ba sǝba na ŋǝ akɔ́lɩ ɖe. Ka gɩ na togo ɩ baɩ baɩ na, gɩ na pɛmpɛŋɛ ɩ na naa aye togo. Atɩnɖiyar Martɛɛŋ n’akar Stɛfani bakoŋkaarɩ laŋ na GʊGʊ kaŋkulo n sǝra na lee akɔ́lɩ ɖe. Martɛɛŋ a lee ka arɛ̀ nɖee a faŋa atʊ akɔ́lɩ ɩpɛmpɛŋɛka kʊyɔʊ ma. Gɩ ta bôŋo na ba na togo ɩ. Arɩsǝma baa apaŋa na gɩ na togo akɔ́lɩ ɖe na shee anii kǝbapi mbaɖee ba wʊɖa ɩnyipi ɩfɔlɩ nɖee ɩ ɖoo ba na yɩɖa wàà anɖroiɖ [android] ma, WasAp kɩja.
Ama, nnyǝmǝ k’ɩɩ lâl na mbaɖee ba wʊɖa ɩnyipi anɖroiɖ [android] ma, banɖǝnɖǝn na. Akɩ nɖee ʊ wʊɖa gɩnyipi gɩ na lee ɛntɛrnɛɛtɩ ma, ʊ taa sǝ̂ra na ŋǝ akɔ́lɩ ɖe gboo. Atakɔ́lɩ ɖe, anii kǝbapi mbaɖee ba ɖa Benɛɛ nɩ ma, na mbaɖee ba ɖa bʊtǝna bʊfɔlɩ nɩ ma, ba na togo akɔ́lɩ ɖe na shee atʊ atǝgatǝnleeɖu. Ɩ ta kpâ atasul, atʊ gɩ na yɛɛ foto nɖee a sîm na ŋkɔ́lɩ nɖee ba shee atʊ ma, aɖʊ na ma naa aye apɛmpɛŋɛ njɩ atoŋo.
Gɩ lee koŋkaarɩ awala anii kakɔ́lɩ ɖaa bʊsǝwa bʊnyɩʊ-na-gʊsaʊ (250) ma. Ama gɩ yɔ wàà, k’ɩ bon na ; ɩ ta wʊ̂ɖa ɩɖǝn, pàá ma lûgo ɩ anyɩnasul na, tôgo ma ɩ ashee atʊ. Anyɩn mbaɖee ɩ cee na lo WasAp ma, ɩ tɩ ŋǝ ɩ boŋo WasAp laŋ. Mbaɖee ba lee bafɔlɩ kǝ ba cee ɖa ncǝn ɖoo gacokol na ma, kǝ ba kana nyǝm akoɖǝn afǝl na. Ba tǝ ba sǝ̂ra aŋǝ akɔ́lɩ ɖe ɩŋunii atasit [site web] nɩ. Akɔ́lɩ bʊsǝwa bʊnyɩʊ-na-gʊsaʊ ɖe nɩ, ɩshɩnan-na-tǝb (90) na gɩ kpeɖe na yɛɛ gɩ tîne n’akɔ́lɩ kasit afɔlɩ bayarɩ bʊwalʊ nɩ (ARAKAA) Penesul, afɔnɔ ‘aŋɔrɔ tǝb-n’ɩnyɩʊ kaja ‘ʊshilé akoo-n’ɩnan kʊja gaja 2016.
Baɩ na atasit ɖe a ɖa ? Sit ɖe k’a sɔm na, ɩ ta naa yɛ̂ɛ ɩ ŋǝ̂ anii kakɔ́lɩ ɖe, kǝ̂ ma [revue-gugu.org/proverbes] ɩ tɩɩ ŋǝ̂ ɩŋunii. Nnyǝmǝ akɔ́lɩ ɖe kʊleu ʊ fǝlǝ na ɖaa ɩ cee na ŋǝ ɩ WasAp nɩ ma ; aɖʊwaa ɛntɛrnɛɛtɩ nɩ, ŋkɔ́lɩ baa mpaŋa n wʊɖa kaashɩ na kʊkʊɖʊ. Gǝŋci gɩ kʊɖa ɩ n’ɩkrǝ kulumi ɩfɔlɩ. Ɩkrǝ ɖe, ba tɩ faŋa kɩɖǝn atɩkoloji mana nɩ. Ɩni nɩ gǝŋ : gɩfɔŋkrǝ, gɩgɛɛshɩkrǝ, gɩjaamakrǝ, Ɛspaanyɩ kagɩkrǝ, Sʊwɛɖ kagɩkrǝ, Italii kagɩkrǝ na Nɛrlanɖ kagɩja. Ɩkrǝ ɖe gɩ kʊɖa n’akɔ́lɩ ɖe wáá ma, anii kǝbapi ba ɖa bʊtǝna bʊɖe nɩ naa asɔlɔ wàà, babapi mbaɖee ba na ŋʊm ŋkǝŋ ma, ba sǝ̂ra na tɩ kaashɩ bʊkɔ́ɩ akɔ́lɩ ɖe ɩ na lǝ ma.
K’ɩ lal n’ʊkʊɖʊ kanɖǝnɖǝn na ; ɩ ta kǝ̂ ŋkɔ́lɩ baa mpaŋa laŋ, ɩ tɩɩ ŋǝ̂ njɩ n’ɩkrǝ nɖee gɩ tam wáá ma, naa akɔɔ rǝŋǝ kʊtʊr n’anii. Ŋkulo nɖee n lee akɔ́lɩ ɖe kakoŋkaarɩ ma, n sǝŋkǝla, k’ɩ lee GʊGʊ kaŋkulo kanɖǝnɖǝn n na kʊɖa n’ɩkrǝ ɖe ɩŋunii na. Baɖǝn gboo ba ɖa bʊtǝna bʊɖǝn nɩ na kaŋa n’atʊ ashee ʊkʊɖʊ.
Akɔ́lɩ ɖe ɩŋunii ba na shee atʊ ma, amʊ IBRAHIM INUUSA Malookiya n lee ka kanɖiyar, amʊ n na kǝ ntala anyɩnakɔ́lɩ ɩŋunii. Amʊ n na laa nɖee ba togo ashee anyɩn arɩsǝma baa apaŋa na ma.
Bɛrɛɩ ba lee Sit ɖe kantǝma ma na gǝŋ : atɩnɖiyar Martɛɛŋ n’akar Stɛfani n’atʊpigii nɖee a ɖoo na Nɛrlanɖ ma, Ɛɩfatu na mbaɖee ba saa ma bakoŋkaarɩ. GʊGʊ kaŋkulo kakoŋkaarɩ la na ɩ na sǝra na tʊr akɔ́lɩ ɖe ɛntɛrnɛɛtɩ nɩ. Gɩ tɩ shee anyɩn nsala n’akɔ́lɩ ɩtʊrka ma.


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Ɖaa gɩ lee naa asǝba ʊtʊr gʊyá nɩ ashee bɛrɛ gʊyá kʊshilé ma :
Atana nɖee a lee ʊŋono aɖa ŋyɩɩ ashee atʊ ntǝma nɩ ma, a pɩ ka na gʊfaŋa gʊɖe ashee atʊ. Ʊshilé ɖǝn gɩ ɖa ntǝma nɩ ma, na wàà : « Gɩ tɩɩ sǝ̂ra na ɖoo alaarba baa apaŋa gʊyá nɩ na tʊr atabʊpá ɩjala na shee bɛrɛ aa ? » Na gɩ tǝlǝ n’ʊciŋkǝrka wàà : « Ɩɩŋ, gɩ tɩɩ sǝ̂ra. »
Gaɖuɩ gɩ tɔɔ niya ashee gʊyá kʊshilé kʊɖuú ma na gǝŋ. Gɩ na ɖoo gboo ma, gɩ ŋǝ wàà, ɩ lee ʊciŋkǝrka ʊbʊmbɔnɔ ashee atʊ GʊGʊ kaŋkulo na anii kǝbaja baŋunii mpá nɩ gboo. Gaja ga pêle atʊ ʊyɔʊ naa ashee atʊ sáà gɩ bôŋo ace n’atɩgɩkrǝ ŋyɩɩ.


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Amazonii Pɔɔ
Amazonii kɛna pɔɔ ŋga kɛwɛna Amerika nɛ kɩ-hadɛ kɩŋ yɔ. Kɩ-lɩm kpem taa wɛ ɛzɩ 209000 m3/s yɔ. Keteŋga kpeekpe taa lɛ, Amazonii taa lɩm kɩlɩna ɖɔʊ. Paa pɩkpɛnda ɛzɩ pɔsɩ looɖo kpem kɔyɔ, pɩtaatɩɩtalɩda Amazonii pɔɔ taa lɩm. Ka-ɖalakɩŋ taa wɛ ɛzɩ kɩlomɛtanaa 2992 yɔ. Ka nɛ Niili Pɔɔ nzɩ kɩlɩna paɣlʊ nɛ ɖɔʊ. Amazonii kɩlɩna walɩɣ kedeŋga kpeekpe yɔɔ. Yee pɛkpɛndɩna Tacontins pɔɔ kɔyɔ, Amazonii ɖeke kpakɩɣ ɛzɩ 6112000 km2 yɔ yaa Amerika nɛ kɩ-hadɛ kɩŋ 40% yɔ. Andɛɛzɩ waa taa kɛ Amazonii pɔɔ paɣzɩɣna kpem nɛ katɩŋna Peruu, Kolombi nɛ Breezil. Kɩlakɩ kilomɛtanaa 6000 nɛ kɩkɔɔ kekpeŋ Atlantiiki teŋgu taa.
Amazonii pɔɔ wɛna pɔsɩ cɩkpesɩ ɛzɩ 1000 mbʊ yɔ. Kɩwɛna lɩm salala ɛzɩ 18% yɔ keteŋga kpeekpe taa. Kɛtɛ pɔsɩ cikpesi nzɩ payaɣ se Madeira nɛ Rio Negro waa yɔ, sɩwɛ kedeŋga kpeekpe pɔsɩ hiu naa taa. Pɔyɔɔdɩɣ se Amazonia paalaa kamaɣ fɛyɩ pɩwɛ nɩʊ; mbʊ pɩyɔɔ ƴɔ, kilomɛtanaa sakɩyɛ wɛɛ nɛ ŋŋnaɣ kondoloko. Kpɩyɩŋ yeke pɛtɛzɩɣna. Yee ŋtatalɩ ɖooo Maranon nɛ Ucayali kɔyɔ ŋŋnaɣ ɖɩtɛzɩyɛ. Mbʊ pɩɖaŋgʊ se paɖʊ kondolokonaa yɔ pɩɖɔɔ: kɩ-tɛ walaŋzɩ, kɩ-tɛ cukaŋ kɩ-lɩm holo, tɛtʊ wɛ ñabɩ hɔɔlɩŋ hɔɔlɩŋ, ki-kidiiliŋ eelou pɩtasɩ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ tɛʊ nɩʊ keŋjem nɛ kɩɩfɛʊ. Halɩ nɛ sɔnɔ mbʊ yɔ, anasayɩ ñɩɩtʊ tatɩɩpɩzɩda nɛ pala tʊmɩyɛ naɖɩyɛ. Pɩyɔɔ kɛ aŋgba ntɩ ntɩ wena acɔŋna kondolokonaa yɔ, aɖʊ lɩmaza kɛ Rio Madeira nɛ Rio Xingu pɔsɩ tɔm ɖeɖe yɔɔ. Peeɖe kpaagba mbʊ yɔ lɛ, Amazonii taa kpɩyʊ saʊ takɩlɩ kaɖɛ ɖɔɖɔ. Koɩyɩŋ cɩkpeŋ ɖoɖɔ mbʊ yɔ, ɛsaɣ lɩm mbʊ pɩyɔɔ. Peeɖe nɛ pɩwayɩ mbʊ yɔ, mɛla naa cɩkpɛma kpaɣ nɛ petiki ŋkpaɣna Pongo de Mancheriche kɛ Maranon yɔɔ.
Amazonii pɔsɩ cɩkpesi kɔyɔ: Polivi, Kolombi, Ekuwatɛrɩ nɛ Fenezuyeelaa. Amazonii lɩm wadɩɣ ɛzɩ kedeŋganɛ ka-hayʊ n ɛ hɛkʊ nɛ hɛkʊ mbʊyɔ.
Tɔm keem
- 1 Ka-ɖɩlɩyɛ
- 2 Ka-lɩm ɖɔʊ
- 3 Ka-laʊ
- 4 Kohuu huu mbʊ nɛ kawadɩɣ yɔ
- 5 Teŋgu yɔɔ hɔɔlʊʊ
- 6 Kɔ-hɔɔlʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩfalʊʊ teŋgu taa yɔ
- 7 Kɩ-lɩm hola ɖoŋ
- 8 Awayɩ kpɩna wena awɛ kɔ-nɔsɩ yɔɔ yɔ
- 9 Ɛzɩma mbʊ Eerɔpʊ lakɩ-kɛ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ yɔ
- 10 Hɩɖɛ
- 11 Ɛzɩma mbʊ ɛyaa nɩɣzɩɣ kɔ-tɔm lɛɛlɛyɔ
- 12 Pɔsɩ cikpesi nzɩ sɩfalʊʊ ka-taa yɔ
- 13 ɩcɔna ɖɔɖɔ
- 14 Takayɩhayʊʊ tɛɛ tɔm nɛ ɖenɖe panaɣ-tʊ yɔ


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Sɔnɔ Krɛkɩ kʊnʊŋ
Sɔnɔ Krɛkɩ, Krekɩ taa lɛ, veo eλλnvιkή Yλώσσa / (neo)ellinikí glóssaa yaa yem se vέa eλλnvιkά / (néa) elliniká. Grɛkɩ kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ kɩ-kɛ ɛyaa miliiyɔɔ waa hiu nɛ kɩgbanzɩ tɛ lʊlʊʊ taa kʊnʊŋ, nɛ miliiyɔɔ waa 10,7 wɛ Krɛsɩ. Kɩ-kɛ Krɛsɩ nɛ Sipri ajɛya taa kewiyaɣ kʊnʊŋ. Krɛsɩ wɛna kʊnʊmɩŋ cɩkpeŋ nɩyɛ nɛ ɖɩnaɣ ɛlɛ Albanie nɛ Turki ajɛyɛ taa.
Kɩwɛ Krɛsɩ kʊnʊŋ pɩlɩŋga taa Ɛndɩ-Erɔpʊ kʊnʊmɩŋ cejewiye taa. Sɔnɔ Krɛkɩ lɩna koinè taa. Kɩ-maɣmaɣ kɩlɩna Krɛkɩ kɩbɩnɩʊ taa.
Ɖooo lɔŋ taa lɛ, ɛyaa nabɛyɛ yɔɔdɔɔ Krɛkɩ kʊnʊŋ Siirii nɛ Libaŋ ajɛyɛ taa kɔzɩ kɔzɩ Krɩstʊ mba tɛ pʊcɔ pɩnaɣ 1960. Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ kɩ-ɖɩma ajɛyɛ ana ada mbʊ pʊyɔ ɛsakuliye liwa. Sukuli wɩlɩtʊ ndɩ ndɩ wiziuu nɛ pɩñɩkʊʊ nice Arabɩɩ kʊnʊŋ yɔɔ. Pɩkɛ yʊsʊ lakayaɣ Fransɩɩ waɖɛ haʊ Siirii ɛjaɖɛ taa wayi nɛ Libaŋ pɩnaɣ 1943 pɩnɛ yem yem Arabɩ mba kɔmtʊ pɩnzi 1950 nɛ 1960.
Krɛkɩ kʊnʊŋ tɛ ɖɛzɩ kaawɛ Krɛsɩ ɛsɔ kɩlaʊ siuu siuu ŋgʊ taa. Egipiti taa pʊcɔ pɩnaɣ 1956 lɛ, Alexandrii egetiye taa ɛyaa sakɩyɛ nabɛyɛ nɩwaɣ Krɛkɩ tɔm. Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa peɖe lɛ, kɩ-kɛ kʊnʊŋ naanza ŋgʊ Arabɩ nɛ Fransɩɩ nɛ Englɛsɩ nɛ Italii kʊnʊmɩŋ wayi. Ɖeeɖe nɛ sɔnɔ Krɛkɩ ñima mba pɛwɛ peɖe yɔ pɛkɛ tadɩyɛ tɩna nɛ manzʊmalɩ waa.
Kpagba taa lɛ, ɖɩnaɣ Krɛkɩ ɛyaa kpaɖaŋ sakɩyɛ mɩza paale nɛ ɖɩkatʊwɛ Niyuu Yɔrɩkɩ nɛ Chicago nɛ Sanfransiskoo nɛ Melbourne nɛ Fransɩɩ nɛ Caama nɛ kewiyaɣ ɛjaɖɛ kpam ajɛyɛ taa.


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Wɩsɩ kɔyɛ
Wɩsɩ kɔyɛ kɛ ñɩɣyʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩlɩna Aazii tɛtʋ wandamm taa yɔ ki-liɖe kɛ Zingiber nɛ kɩ-tɛ nɛ Zingiberaceae tɩmʊʊ liɖe taa. Palakɩ kililaa nɛ tʊmɩyɛ ɖɩtɩzɩyɛ taa nɛ kabɩyɛ kɔ tʊmɩyɛ ɖɩlaɖɛ taa. Pɩtɛ tɛtɛɛ liɖe ɖɩkɛ sɔzɩŋ pʊyʊʊ weyi paɖʊʊ ɖozi taa ɖɩtɩzɩyɛ taa kɛ Aazii tɛtʋ wandamm taa yɔ kɔzɩ kɔzɩ Ɛɛndɩ tɔɔnasɩ ɖɩlaɖɛ taa. Palakɩ-ɖɩ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ Wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ kɛ ginger ale ɖɩlaɖɛ nɛ cakam cakam naa ɛzɩ sɔzɩŋ kpɔnɔ. Wɩsɩ kɔyɛ kɛ sɔŋgaɣ ɛjaɖɛ ñɩɣyʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩɖazʊʊ lɔŋ nɛ kʊ-kʊkʊyʊmɩŋ maɣna mɛta naa 0,90 nɛ kɩñɔ liɖe yɔɔ kɛnɛ.
Hatʊ wɛ kpɩzɩŋ nɛ tɩwɛɛ kɩgbɛzɛŋ tɩyɛ nɛ piyuu tɩyɛ, tɩɖalɩɣ nɛ tɩwɛ sɔzɩŋ. Ɖɩ-hɛtʊ hʊlɩma nɛ tɩwɛ sʊtʊ sɛmɩŋ takɩŋ takɩŋ cɩɩɩ ndomaa yɔ. Hatʊ cikpetʊ ndʊ tuhuzuu hoka ŋga kagba nɛ ɛsɔ yɔ tɩwɛ tɩŋ hatʊ kpɛɖɩŋ nɛ sʊtʊ sɛmɩŋ. Ɖɩ-tɛŋ hɛtʊ lɩzʊʊ lɛ, ñʊʊ kobi nakʊyʊʊ lɩʊʊ kɩ-taa nɛ pee kɩkpɛdaa. Pee a-naa awɛ pɔyɩŋ weyi ɛwɩlɩɣ lɛ, ɛyaɣ yɔ ɛ-taa kɛ pɔyaa camɖɩyɛ yɔ. Ɖɩsɔɔlɩ wɩsɩ nɛ niikaɣ tɛtʊ. Ɖɩ-tɛ paɣlʊʊ wɛ lɔŋ lɔŋ nɛ puhukuu sakɩyɛ pɩtɩŋnɛ lilaa tɛ tɛyʊʊ cɔlɔ.
Ɛyʊ kaatɔkɩ wɩsɩ kɔyɛ ndɩ pɩwɛ ɛzɩ mɩŋ ñakɩŋ yɔ, pɩlɩnɛ shogaol nɛ paradol nɛ zingérone tɛ wɛʊ kɛ wɩsɩ kɔyɛ taa. Gingérol tɛ kpeɣluu kɛ pɩyʊʊ siŋ wɩsɩ kɔyɛ lɛɛŋ ndɛ taa ɛlɛ, ɛwɛ ñɩɩɩ kɛ kɩwɩlɩyɛ taa ɛlɛ, shogaol ñɔsɔzɩ. Wɩsɩ lilaa kɩfanaa (wenaa akɛ lilaa pʊtɔbʊʊ se akɛ tɛtɛɛ lilaa) taa wɛ leleŋ lɩm nɛ mʊtʊ nɛ pɩwɛ leleŋ camɩyɛ.
Sapɔŋ ɖɩtɩzɩyɛ taa lɛ, palakɩ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ wɩsɩ kɔyɛ kisidiye kɛ mɔʊ tɛ fɩnɛkɩrɩ nɛ gali padaa. Palakɩ-ɖɩ tʊmɩyɛ se pɛhɛzɩna agɔmaa ɖɩya sɔsɔɔ kɛ sushi nandʊʊ tɔʊ taa. Ɛɛndɩ ɖɩtɩyɛ ɖɩkɛ sɔzɩŋ pɩyʊʊ nɛ paɖʊʊ ɖozi ɛzɩ masala yaa vindalin. Siini ɖɩtɩzɩyɛ taa wɩsɩ kɔyɛ lilaa wazʊʊ se palʊbɩna sɔŋ nɛ mʊzʊŋ weyi ɛkɩlɩɣ ɖoŋ ɛzɩ kpakpasɩ teŋgʊʊ tɛ tɩŋ pee nɛ kelemaa nɛ heŋ (ɛ-nɛ yɔ, ouigour tɛ tɩzʊʊ ɖɔŋ yɔ lɛ, pɛlɛzɩɣ wɩsɩ kɔyɛ nɛ cumin).
Pɔtɔkɩ wɩsɩ kɔyɛ tɛ hatʊ nɛ ɖɩ-tɛ hosii nzɩ sɩñɔʊ lilaa. Paɖʊʊ tii taa nɛ pɩwɛʊ sɔzɩŋ kɛ Suwahilii nɛ Corée. Pɔyɔkɩ wɩsɩ kɔyɛ ɖɔɖɔ Afrika nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa ɛzɩ leleŋ lɩm kɩñazɩm (sikiri). Payaɣ-kʊ se gnammankoudji nɛ pamazʊʊ se pɩkɛ sʊlʊm mbʊ piseɣtuu ɛyʊ kʊzʊʊ hɔɔlʊʊ taa yɔ.
Wɩsɩ kɔyɛ tɛ anasaayɩ sʊlʊm (soda ŋgʊ kɩ-taa fɛyɩ sʊlʊm ɖoŋ mbʊ) palaba-pʊ nɛ Jamaique nɛ pasɩm-pʊ nɛ Ɛnglɩsɩ kʊnʊŋ taa se ginger beer. Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa, Jarnac taa, Charente kuduyuu tɛɛ palakɩ wɩsɩ kɔyɛ sʊlʊm nabʊyʊʊ nɛ payaɣ-pʊ se Domaine de Canton Ginger Liqueur .


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Nizɛɛrɩ Pɔɔ
Nizɛɛrɩ Pɔɔ kɛ Afrika wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa pɔɔ. Yee pɛkɛdɩɣ kɩ-ɖaɣlakɩŋ nɛ pɔsɩ lɛɛsɩ kɔyɔ, kɩkɛ naatozo ŋga. Ŋga tɩŋgʊna Niili Pɔɔ nɛ Koŋgo Pɔɔ wayɩ ɖaɣlakɩŋ taa. Nizɛɛrɩɩ Pɔɔ ŋga kapaazɩɣna Siyeeraa Leyɔɔnɩ. Peeɖe kʊyɩ cɛlɛɛmɛɛɛ nɛ pɩtalɩɣ ɛzɩ mɛtanaa 800 yɔ nɛ ɖenɖe payaɣ se Loma pʋŋ yɔ, peeɖe kapaazɩɣna. Katɩŋŋʊna Sahara nɛ pɔkɔɔ katalɩ Atɩlantiki teŋgu taa, Naajeeriya hɔɔlʊʋ taa. Nizɛɛrɩ Pɔɔ ŋga, katɩŋgʊ ajɛya looɖo nɛ kayaɣ-kɛ nɛ ajɛya naalɛ hɩlɑ.
Tɔm keem
Ɖenɖe tɔmpiye Nizɛɛrɩ lɩnaa yɔÑɔɔzɩ
Ɖenɖe kɛwɛɛ yɔÑɔɔzɩ
Tɔm ndʊ pɔyɔɔdɩ kɔ-yɔɔÑɔɔzɩ
Kɩ-lɩŋgamɩŋÑɔɔzɩ
Lemesi nzɩ kɩcɔlʊʊ yɔÑɔɔzɩ
Tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ ndʊ kɩ-lɩm falʊʊ tɩ-taa yɔÑɔɔzɩ
Ɖenɖe kɩ-lɩm lɩɣna yɔÑɔɔzɩ
Ɖenɖe kɩ-lɩm falʊʊ teŋgu taa yɔÑɔɔzɩ
Kewiyaɣ cɔŋna kɩ-yɔɔ cɔnaʊ mbʊ yɔÑɔɔzɩ
KondolokonaaÑɔɔzɩ
- Wiyaʋ Fahd tɛ kɔndɔlɩkʋ, Pamakoo tɛtʋ, Maalii ɛjaɖɛ taa.
- Martyrs tɛ kɔndɔlɩkʋ, Pamakoo tɛtʋ, Maalii ɛjaɖɛ taa.
- Taabalɩtʋ sino-malienne tɛ kɔndɔlɩkʋ, Pamakoo tɛtʋ, Maalii ɛjaɖɛ taa.
- Barrage à Markala tɛtʋ, Maalii ɛjaɖɛ taa.
- Wabaria tɛ kɔndɔlɩkʋ, Gao tɛtʋ, Maalii ɛjaɖɛ taa.
- Kennedy tɛ kɔndɔlɩkɛ, Niamey tɛtʋ, Nizɛɛrɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa.
- Taabalɩtʋ sino-nigerienne, Niamey tɛtʋ, Nizɛɛrɩ ɛjadɛ taa. Pamaɣ-kʋ 2012.
- Gaya Malanville tɛ kɔndɔlɩkʋ, Nizɛɛrɩ nɛ Peenɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ hɛkʋ taa.
- Barrage Kainji, Naajeeriya ejaɖɛ taa.
- Onitsha tɛ kɔndɔlɩkʋ, Naajeeriya ɛjaɖɛ taa.


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Ɖeɖe wondu kuduyuu Guggenheim
Bilbao tɛ ɖeɖe wondu kuduyuu Guggenheim kɛ payana anasaayɩ taa size musée Guggenheim de Bilbao Ɛsɩpaañɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɖeɖe wondu kuduyuu Bilbao n̄ɩŋgʋ kʋnɛ, kɩkɛna keɖeyaɣ kuduyuu ŋgʋ pama-kʋ nɛ sɔnɔ lɛɣtʋ nɛ lɔŋ pa-matʋ tɩyɛ yɔ.
Keɖeyaɣ wondu kuduyuu kʋnɛ, kɩwɛ Bilbao tɛtʋ taa Ɛsɩpaañɩ taa. Patʋlaɣ kʋ-nɔnɔsɩ pɩnaɣ 1997 ñɩŋga taa. Kedeŋa kpeekpe yɔɔ cɩnɛ kuduyiŋ naanza ɖeke kɩlɩna-kʋ kɛɖewa. Ɖajaa Solomon R. Guggenheim mana-kʋ.
Matʋ lɛɣtʋ kɩfatʋ yɔɔ patɩŋnaa nɛ pama kuduyuu ŋ́gʋ. Ɖajaa Frank Gehry lɩzɩna kɩ-kɩlɛmʋʋ nɛ pʋcɔ pama-kʋ. Ɛ-lɩzɩtʋ ndʋ tiyebina nɛ, ɛ-hɖɛ sɛɛ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ. Pʋ-yɔɔ pɩtɩŋnaa nɛ paha-ɩ kuduyiŋ sɔsɔŋ maʋ kɩlɛmɩŋ lɩzʋʋ samtʋ nimiye.
Keɖeyaɣ wondu kuduyuu kʋnɛ, kɩpɩsɩ sɔnɔ kuduyuu ŋgʋ pakɩlɩ sɩm kpem kedeŋa yɔɔ cɩnɛ. Kɩkɛna ñɩm sɔsɔm ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa pama-kʋ yɔ.


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Katɔlɩnɩyɔm
Katɔlɩnɩyɔm kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 64 nɛ yʊsaɣ ñɩŋa yɔ Gd. Ɛkɛ lantanɩ waa tɛ pʊtʊ lɛlʊ. Ɛ-hɩɖɛ lɩna katɔlɩnɩtɩ cɔlɔ, pɩkɛ ñɩɣlɩm tɛtʊ lɛɛtʊ ndʊ tɩtaa palɩ ɛ-yɔɔ yɔ. Katɔlɩnɩyɔm kɛ ñɩɣlɩm pʊtʊ weyi ɛwɛ kɛtɛɖaɣ tɛtʊ naa taa yɔ. Ɛwɛ kpʊzɩyɛɛ liidiye tɩyɛ, ɛ-mɛɛdʊʊ nɛ ɛwɛ manɩɩ yee ɛjaɖɛ taa soŋaɣ ɛwɛ camɩyɛ kɔyɔ.
Katɔlɩnɩyɔm wɛ ɖiɣɖiɣ kɛ helim mbʊ pɩwɩɣ ɛyʊ mɔɔŋ tɛɛ yɔ. Kɔyɔ ɛɛladɩɣ mʊʊ kalɩkɔdaɣ niikaɣ helim taa. Yee paɖʊ-ɩ lɩm taa kɔyɔ pɩwasɩɣ ɖaa ɖaa kɛlɛ ɛyɔɔlʊʊ siziŋ lɩm naa mba paca pataa yɔ. Katɔlɩnɩyɔm tɛ ɔkɩsɩzɛnɩ wɛʊ yɔ pɩnaɣ 1880 wɛɛ taa kɛ Jean Charles Galissard Marignac tʊ lɩza-ɩ eyeke nɛ Paul Emile Lecoq Boisbaudran ñɩnʊ ñapɩsɩ-ɩ ñɩɣlɩm pʊtʊ keeke pɩnaɣ 1886. Fɛɛlandɩ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkɩyʊ yana-ɩ hɩɖɛ pɩtɩŋna ɛ-maɣmaɣ ɛ-hɩɖɛ Johan Gadolin.
Katɔlɩnɩyɔm wɛna sɔtʊ naa nabayɛ. Tovonum, ɛ nɛ kalɩsɩyɔm pahasɩɣ ɖama ɖenɖe kalɩsɩyɔm kɛ ɛyʊ tomnaɣ pɩyʊ (feziŋ, hɔyɛ ciidiɣ, nandʊ hola seletuu, calɩm kiɣu nɛ ŋgbaɣ nɖɛɛ) nɛ ɛpɩzɩɣ ɛkɔna kalaa sakɩyɛ pɩtɩŋna ɛ-tɛ ɖɔʊ yɔ.


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Pɔritigaalɩ
Pɔritigaalɩ kɛna Erɔpɩ nɛ hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ nɛ ɖɩwɛ Erɔpɩ ajɛya kɩkpɛndɩɣ ŋgbɛyɛ taa. Pɔrɩtigaalɩ wɛna Ibeeriki nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa. Pɔrɩtigaalɩ tɛtʊ sʊsɔtʊ yɔ Lisibooni.
Erɔpɩ hɛkʊ taa ajɛya taa lɛ, Pɔritigaalɩ kɩlɩna wɛʊ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa nɛ ɖɩ-kamaɣ yɔɔ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ nɛ ɖɩ-wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ lɛ Ɛsɩpaañɩ ɛjaɖɛ wɛna; Hadɛ kiŋ nɛ ɖɩ-wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ ɛlɛ Atilantiki lɩngamʊʊ.
Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩñɔ pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ hiu nɛ naalɛ taa nɛ pɩtalaɣ mɩnɩŋhiu nɛ kagbaanzɩ ɛlɛ ɖɩpɩsɩ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-ɛsɛ kulɩ sɩŋŋŋ yɔ Erɔpɩ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ kpeekpe taa. Kpaɣ mbʊ lɛ, ɖɩwɛɛna ɛjɛya wena ɖɩñazɩɣ yɔ paale: Afrika taa, Azii taa, Oseyaanii taa nɛ Amerika nɛ hadɛ kiŋ taa ɖɔɖɔ.
Pʊkɔma pɩtalɩ pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ nɛɛlɛ ɛlɛ Pɔrɩtɩgaalɩ ɛjaɖɛ pazɩ nɛ ɖɩhiu ɖɩ-tɩ paa hɔɔlɩɣʊ ŋgʊ: tɔsʊʊ nɔmɔʊ taa, poliyiki taa nɛ samaɣ yɔɔ kandayʊʊ tɔm taa.
Pɔritigaalɩ wɛ ajɛya wena aaɖʊ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ se palɩzɩ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se OCDE yɔ ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1948 taa pɩnɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se OTAN yɔ pɩnaɣ 1949.
Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩwɛ ɖɔɖɔ ajɛya kpeekpe kɩkpɛndɩɣ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se ONU yɔ ɖɩ-taa ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1955, Erɔpɩ Lɔntasɩyaa ŋgbɛyɛ taa ɖooo 1976, Erɔpɩ ajɛya kɩkpɛndɩɣ ŋgbɛyɛ taa pɩnaɣ 1986. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩwɛ Erɔpɩ ajɛya kpeekpe wena atɔkɩ liidiye kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ nɛ payaɣ-ɖɩ Eero yɔ a-taa.


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Tajikistanii
Tajikistanii kɛna Azii ilemiye taa ɛjaɖɛ naɖaɖiyɛ nɛ ɖɩwɛna ilemiye nɖɩ ɖɩ-hɛkʊ taa ɖeyi ɖeyi. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ teŋgu nakʊyʊ tɔcɔɔ-ɖɩ nɛ kɩta. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɛ ɖi-hadɛ kiŋ lɛ, Afganisitanii ɛjaɖɛ wɛna; wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa lɛ, Siini ñɩnɖɛ ñɛwɛna piyele hayʊ kiŋ lɛ, ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se Kiirziisistaŋ yɔ ɖɩna-ɖɩ pazɩna ɖama kamaɣ pɩkazɩ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ lɛ Uzibekistanɩ ɛjaɖɛ wɛna.
Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖi-taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Tujambee nɛ yee ɛyʊ ɛsɔɔlaa se ɛyaa nɔɔyʊ kɛ kaŋgalafu yɔɔ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa kɔyɔ, pɩkɛna-ɩ kɩjɛyʊʊ se ɛma +992 ɛ-tɛ kaŋgalafu kpata yɔɔ pʊcɔ ŋɛ ɛɛma pɩtɛ ɛyʊʊ kaŋgalafu nimaɣ mayaɣ.
Pamaza Tajikistanii ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖi-walanzɩ lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ 143 100 km2. Pɩnaɣ 2016 taa pakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ pana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 8 330 946 yɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa yee pakalɩɣ ɛyaa km2 taa kɔyɔ, panaɣ-wɛ ɛzɩ 58,2 yɔ.Payaɣ Tajikistanii ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊdʊ kɩfalʊ se Emomalii Rahmon nɛ komina yʊʊdʊ kɩfalʊ ɖɔɖɔ yɔ Kokhir Rasulzoda. Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa yɔ, ŋgʊ lɛ Tajiki nɛ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ ɖɔɖɔ Ruusi.


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Kinee-Konakrii
Kinee-Konakrii (Guinée-Conakry)
Payaɣ se Kinee-Konakrii yɔ pacaɣ se paɖʊ tʊkaɣ kɛ Kiinee-Piisoo nɛ Kiinee-Ekʊwatɩralɩ pɛhɛkʊ taa. Pɩkɛna Afrika wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ. Kinee-Konakrii tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ ɖɔdɔ se Kinee-Konakrii. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩmʊ ɖɩ-tɩ yɔɔ caaʊ kɛ Fransɩ nesi tɛɛ kɛ ɖooo aloma fenaɣ kɩyakʊ naalɛ ŋgʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 1958. Ajɛya looɖo cɔna; Kinee-Konakrii nɛ ata, nɛ ana-yɔ: Kiinee-Piisoo; Senegaalɩ; Maalii; Kootidiivʊwaarɩ; Liiberiya; Siyera-Leyɔɔnɩ nɛ Atɩlantiki lɩŋgamʊʊ.
Kiinee-Pɩsaʊ taa pɔsɩ ɖɔwa nɛ sɩtala ɛzɩ 1300 kɛ mbʊ yɔ. Afrika kpeekpe taa lɛ, pɩwɛ ɛzɩ peeɖe lɩm lɩʊna yɔ mbʊ pɩyɔɔ yɔ ɖɩkpaɣ ɛzɩ Niizɛrɩ pɔɔ yɔ yaa Senegaalɩ ñɩŋga yɑa ɖɔɖɔ Kaambii ñɩŋga kɔyɔ peeɖe sɩlɩɣna. Pɔsɩ nzɩ sɩlɩɣna Kinee-Konakrii pʊʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ se Fʊʊta-Jalɔŋ yɔ kɩ-tɛɛ.
Fʊʊtaa-Jalɔŋ ŋgʊ kɩhaɣ kɩ-lɩm yɔɔ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩwɛna laatiɖiki mɩŋ kɛ ɖɩ-ɛjaɖɛ kamaɣ fɛyɩ. Lɩŋgamʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ se Kɔnkʊʊɖe nɛ kɩwɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ payaɣ se Maamʊ yɔ, yaa Kindiya nɛ Koonakiri yɔ, pɩkɛna Kinee-konakrii komina kɛ tʊmɩyɛ sɔsɔyɛ nɛ kɩñakɩ pana se pɩwɛ ɛzɩma yɔ pama lɩŋgamɩŋ pɩɖɔɔ. Pɩnaɣ 1992 lɛ pama lɩŋgamʊʊ nakʊyʊ nɛ pɩwayɩ yɔ pama lɛɛŋ ɛzɩ Kaleta yɔ nɛ halɩ nɛ sɔnɔ komina ɖɩɩna Sʊwapiti ñɩŋgʊ maʊ.


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Krɛsɩ
Payaɣ Krɛsɩ nɛ caanaʊ Krɛkɩ taa se «République hellinique». Payaɣ-kʊ se «Kr ɛkɩ démocratique» nɛ katharévousa kʊnʊŋ taa. Dhimokratía kɛ Eerɔɔpʊ nɛ hadɛ kiŋ tɛtʊ ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ. Ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩwɛ Eerɔɔpʊ ajɛya kpɛndʊʊ ŋgbɛyɛ taa. Krɛsɩ wɛ Balkans hɔɔlɩŋ nɛ hadɛ tɩnaa yɔɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se «Athènes».
Krɛsɩ walanzɩ kɛ kilomɛɛtɩ waa 131 957. Ɖɩ-samaɣ n̄ʊʊ kɛ nabʊyʊ fɛyɩ ɛyaa miiliyɔɔ waa hiu nɛ kʊɖʊm. Krɛsɩ nɛ ajɛya anɛ yɔ pasɩŋna ɖama kamasɩ. Ajɛya anaa yɔ : Alɩbanii nɛ Yukosɩlaavʊ ɛjhaɖɛ kɩbɩnɖɛ (Yukosɩlaavʊ ɛjaɖɛ wɛ Maseduwaanɩ tɛtʊ taa) nɛ Puligaarɩ nɛ Turikii. Teŋgu lɩm hɔɔlʊʊ taa lɛ, Krɛsɩ nɛ Alɩbanii nɛ Italii nɛ Liibii nɛ Egipiti nɛ Turikii.
Wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ hɔɔlʊʊ taa lɛ, Krɛsɩ sɩna Iyoniyɛɛnɩ teŋgu. Wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ hɔɔlʊʊ taa lɛ, Krɛsɩ sɩna Eejee teŋgu. Mediteraanii teŋgu lɩm cɔ Krɛsɩ kpɛɛɛ. Pɛtɛyɩ Krɛsɩ ɛjaɖɛ hɔɔlɩŋ kagbaanzɩ yɔ, hɔɔlʊʊ kʊɖʊmʊʊ wɛna tɛtʊ cikpetu cikpetu ndʊ tɩwɛ lɩm hɛkɩŋ taa yɔ sakɩyɛ. Tɛtʊ cikpetu cikpetu ndʊ tɩtala ɛzɩ kudokiŋ nakʊ mbʊ yɔ. Krɛsɩ wɛna ɖɔɖɔ tɛtʊ cikpetu ndʊ tɩkɩlɩ kɔzʊʊ kpem nɛ lɩm cɔɔ-tʊ ɖɔɖɔ nɛ pɩta yɔ sakɩyɛ. Tʊtʊ talɩ ɛzɩ mɩnɩŋ naalɛ mbʊ yɔ.
Ɛyaa wɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa. Pɛtɛyɩ Krɛsɩ ɛjaɖɛ tɔm mɩnʊʊ yɔ, hɔɔlɩŋ nɩɩnʊwa nɛ nɩɩdozo wɛna pʊŋ sakɩyɛ. Pʊŋ ɛnʊ ɛ-taa ŋgʊ kɩkɩlɩ paɣlʊʊ yɔ payaɣ-kʊ se Olimpɩ pʊʊ. Kʊ-kʊkʊyɩmɩŋ kɛ mɛtanaa 2917.
Ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1952 taa Krɛsɩ sʊ OTAN ŋgbɛyɛ taa. Krɛsɩ sʊ Eerɔɔpʊ tɛtʊ kpɛndʊʊ ŋgbɛyɛ taa pɩnaɣ 1981. Pɩnaɣ 2001 taa lɛ Krɛsɩ ɛjaɖɛ sʊʊ «Zone euro» ŋgbɛyɛ taa. Pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se ɖi-liidiye kɛ «zone euro».
Krɛsɩ ɛjaɖɛ caanaʊ tɔm wɛ huŋ camɩyɛ. Caanaʊ Krɛsɩ sɔnzɩ nɛ kɩ-lɩmaɣzɛ nɛ kɩ-tanaʊ yaa ɛzɩma mbʊ kɩcalɩzɩɣ ɛyaa ɛza yɔ piyeba nɛ Roma tɛtʊ lɛɣzɩ ɖɔɖɔ. Pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se Roma ɛjaɖɛ tɩŋna Krɛsɩ ɛjaɖɛ lakasɩ yaa ɖɩ-wɛtʊ natʊyʊ yɔɔ nɛ ɖɩlɛɣzɩ ɖɩ-lakasɩ nasɩyɛ ɖɔɖɔ. Halɩ pɩkɔma pɩla se Roma ɛjaɖɛ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ hɔɔlʊʊ pɩsɩ Krɛsɩ tɛtʊ natʊyʊ. Mbʊ ɖɔɖɔ pɩlaba hɛɛɛ hɛɛɛ nɛ Trebizɔɔndɩ nɛ Epiiri nɛ Misitra yaa Dorosɩ pɛ-tɛtʊ pɩsɩ Krɛsɩ n̄ɩndʊ.
Pɩnaɣ 1830 taa Krɛsɩ tɛtʊ pɩsɩ komina ŋgʊ kɩwɛ kɩ-tɩ yɔɔ yɔ. Ɛlɛ, kɩlaba you nɛ Otomanɩ ɛjaɖɛ nɛ pʊcɔ kɩpɩzɩ kɩwɛɛ kɩ-tɩ yɔɔ. Pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se Otomanɩ ɛjaɖɛ kpacayaɣna Krɛsɩ ɛjaɖɛ.


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Utaa
Utaa kɛna Etaazunii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ cikpetʊ natʊyʊ. Nɛ Etazuunii ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ ajɛya cikpena naayɛ nɩɩnɩwa kpɛndɩna nɛ aɖʊ nɔɔ nɛ awɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ taa kpaɩ. Etaazunii tɔbʊʊ nɛ kabɩyɛ taa se ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ. Uta taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Salt Lake City nɛ tɩ-taa ɖɔɖɔ kɛ ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ.
Pamaza Utaa ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ taa lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ ɛzɩ 220 080 km2 nɛ ɖenɖe tɛtʊ ñabɩ wɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 212 988 km2 yɔ nɛ ɖenɖe lɩm ñɛwɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe ñɛwɛʊ ɛzɩ 7 092 km2 yɔ pʊtɔbʊʊ se pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 3.22 yɔ kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩkɛŋna 45 ñɩnɖɛ ɛyaa ɖɔʊ taa kɛ Etazuunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ kpeekpe taa.
Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɖɩ kɛŋna ɛjaɖɛ 45 ñɩnɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩsʊ Etaazunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊɣ ŋgbɛyɛ taa yɔ. Ɛlɛ pɩɩkɛ kɔlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ naaza ŋgʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 1896. Pɩnaɣ 2010 taa paakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ paana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 2 763 885 yɔ.
Payaɣ Uta ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-ñʊʊdʊ se Gary Herbert (R) piyele nɛ komina ñʊndinaa kɔyɔ: Orrin Hatch (R) nɛ Mike Lee (R).
Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, ŋgʊ lɛ yɔ Eŋgilisi.


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Aristote
Aristote kɛna ɛyʋ yɔɔ lɩmaɣza n̄ɩnɩyʋ nɛ Krɛsɩ taa ñɩnɩyʊ weyi ɛñɩnɩɣ se ɛjaɖɛ ɛɖɛɛna ɛsɩnda yɔ. Palʊla-ɩ pɩnaɣ 384 taa nɛ pʊcɔ palʊlʊʊ Yeesu. Palʊla-ɩ Stagir, Macédoine ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ ɛsɩ pɩnaɣ 322 Chalcis, Eubée tɛtʊ taa. Ɛkɛ n̄ɩnɩyʋ weyi payaɣ se Platon yɔ ɛ-lɩmɖʊyʊ. Pɔcɔna-wɛ ɛzɩ mba kedeŋa kpeekpe tatɩɩnada se nɔɔyʊ pɩzaa ɛwɛɛna ñʊʊ taa lɩmaɣza camɩyɛ ɛzɩ ḿba yɔ. Ɛma takayasɩ 200 nɛ sɩ-taa lɛ 35 yɔɔdʋʋ lɔŋ tɔm.
Aristote ma takayasɩ pinzɩ XVIII taa nɛ pɩtɛ alɩwaatʊ taa lɛ, ɛyʋ yɔɔ lɩmaɣza labʋ nɛ sɩyansɩ pataawɛɛ ndɩ ndɩ camɩyɛ. Aristote cɔlɔ lɛ, filozofii kɛna lɔŋ ñɩnʋʋ nɛ camɩyɛ tɔm nɛ mbʊ sɩŋna ɛyʊ nɛ ɛtʊʊzɩ ɖeu. Sɩyansɩ tɔbʋʋ se toovenim ñɩnʋʋ nɛ mbʊ pɩcɛtɩɣ ɛyʊ yɔ pi-yebu. Aristote kɛ mbʋ payaɣ se "pragmatique" yɔ pɩkɩlɩ Platon, weyi ɛkɛ ɛ-tɛ wɩlɩyʊ maɣmaɣ yɔ. Ɛkɛza ɛ-sɛ toovenim ñɩnʋʋ nʋmɔʋ taa siŋŋ.
Tʊkaɣ nakɛyɛ wɛ kpayɩ kpayɩ ɖɔɖɔ pɛ-tɛ ñʊʊ taa lɔŋ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ taa ɖɔɖɔ. Aristote sɩm wayɩ lɛ, ɛ-hɩɖɛ tatasɩ sɛʊ kpaŋŋŋ ɛzɩ ɛkɛwɛʊ nɛ ɛ-ɛsɛ yɔ. Ɛlɛ, pɩpɔzɩɣ se ɛyʊ ɛɖaŋ Antiquité nɛ ɛ-hɩɖɛ ɖaɣnɩ tasɩɣ sɛʊ camɩyɛ. Yee tuuɖe tɛtʊ taa mba ɛɛlakɩ ɛ-lɩmaza nɛ tʊmɩyɛ camɩyɛ kɔyɔ, byzantin nɛ malɩŋ cɔlɔ lɛ, ɛ-tɔm kɛ nabʊyʊ. Krɩstʊ mba maamaɣ ɛɛlɔʊ ɛ-tɔm. Ɛlɛ kaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ wɛ pazɩ yee Krɩstʊ mba ɛlakɩ ɛ-tɔm nɛ tʊmɩyɛ kɔyɔ.


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Praagɩ
Praagɩ kɛna Cɛɛkɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ naqtʊyʊ nɛ ndʊ kɩlɩna walanzɩ ɖɔɖɔ. Pɩnaɣ 2017 taa pakalɩ ɛyaa kɛ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-taa lɛ pana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 1 280 508 yɔ. Pamaza Praagɩ tɛtʊ tʊnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ 49 600 km2. Payaɣ tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-taa maalika ñʊʊdʊ kɩfalʊ se Adriana Krnáčová (ANO 2011).
Ɛzɩ tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ lɛɛtʋ ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, Praagɩ tɛtʊ nɛ ajɛya lɛɛna taa tɛtʋ ɖʋ taabalɩyɛ nɛ palakɩ tʋm kʋɖʋma se tɔsʋʋ nɛ ɛsɩnda wobu ɛɖɛɛna poliŋ. Tɛtʋ ndʋ tɩ-taa natʊyʊ kɔyɔ: Kasaablanka, Pɛɛrɩlɛɛ, Siikaagoo, Fransɩ, Frankɩ Fɔrtɩ, Hambuuri, Kiyoto, Mɔɔsɩkʊʊ, Norambɛrgɩ, Paarii, Fonikisi, Tunisi, Niimi, Tiijɔni, Fiyɛɛnɩ, Hɛlɩsinkii, Pudaapɛstɩ, Yeruzalɛm, Riiga, Roterdam, Pratisilava, Lisboni, Pirmiŋgam.


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Rwanda azɛyʋʋ tɔm
Ruwandaa tɛ asɛyʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩlaba yɔ, pɩkpaɣna ɖomaɣ fenaɣ lʊbɛ pɩsɩɩna hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ naanza wiye pɩnaɣ 1994. Payaa asɛyʋ kʋŋgʋ se kʋgʋʋlɩwa yaa ɖagʋʋlɩwa. Pɩkɛna ɛyaa mba payaɣ-pɛ se Tutsiwaa yɔ, pa-kʋʋ tɔm. Ruwandaa kɛ Afrika keteŋga taa wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ. Asɛyʊʊ kʊnɛ kɩlɩna peeɖe tɛ komina taa ñɩmba wemba payaɣ-wɛ se Hutuwaa yɔ nɛ ɛyaa mba payaɣ-wɛ se tutsi nɛ pɛwɛ Front Patriotique Rwandais (FPR) taa yɔ, pɔ-cɔlɔ; yem mbʊ se pʊyɔɔ kɛ pɛkɛ Tutsiwaa. Ɛlɛ ɛbɛ calaa: aloma fenaɣ kacalaɣ wiye pɩnaɣ 1990 kɛ mba paakɛ pɔɖɔɔnamwaa nɛ pɛwɛ ajɛya lɛɛna taa yɔ, paɖʊna nɔɔ nɛ pekpe Ruwandaa tɛtʊ taa se pamʊ kewiyaɣ nɛ malɩfanaa. Kpaagbaa'lɛ. Peeɖe komina kpaɣ lɩmaazɩyɛ se papɩzɩ nɛ pakaɖɩna-wɛ. Kacalaɣ lɛ, kɩkaɖɩɣ kɩdɩ yɔɔ nɛ koyindu weyi ɛwɛ FPR taa yɔ; nɛ nabʊlɛ taa lɛ, kɩɖɩzɩɣ Ruwandaa taa peeɖe samaɣ ŋga payaɣ-kɛ se Tutsi yɔ kadɩŋga. Ruwandaa tɛ komina takpaɣ nabʊyʊ FPR ɛsɩnda ɛlɛ, kɩñaɣ pana nɛ kɩtɛ kɩ-taa nɛ kɩɖɩzɩ Tutsiwaa mba pɛwɛ peeɖe ɛjaɖɛ taa yɔ.
ONU ŋgbɛyɛ kala mba pasɩba fenasi nasitozo nzɩ sɩ-taa mbʊ yɔ lɛ, patala ɛzɩ ɛyaa 8oo ooo mbʊ yɔ; pɩkɩlɩna Tutsiwaa. Hutuwaa mba paawɛɛ nɛ paakʊʊ Tutsiwaa yɔ, komina kpaɣ-wɛ ɛzɩ pɛkɛ ɛyaa wayɩ lɩyaa yɔ nɛ mba ɖɔɖɔ mbʊ yɔ pɔtɔyɩtɩ-wɛ payɩ. Kɩyakɩŋ mɩnɩʊ taa kpaagbaa mbʊ yɔ, ɛyaa mba pasɩba yɔ, pɩfɛyɩ yɔɔdʋʋ nɛ pɔcɔna se ɖooo mbʊ yɔ, wiɖiye ɛyaa tɔyɩtʋʋ nabʋyʋ tatalɩ mbʊ. Mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, pɔtɔyɩta ɛyaa tɔyɩtʋʋ mbʊ evemiye taa yɔ, pɩfɛyɩ yɔɔd̀ʋʋ.
Payaaʊ se génocide yaa ɛyaa tɔyɩɩtʋʋ, yaa ɖagʋʋlɩwa (kʋgʋʋlɩwa), pɩdɛkɛ sɩɖaa ɖɔʊ yɔɔ, ɛlɛ pɩlɩɣna sɩm mbʊ pasɩkɩ yɔ pɩ-cɔlɔ. Nɛ ONU lɩzɩnɑ paɣtʊ ntʊ kɛ saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ nakʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 1948 nɛ kɩyɔɔdʋʋ se ɛyaa tɔyɩtʋʋ (Ɖagʋʋlɩwa) kɛna ɛzɩma paɖɩzɩɣ samaɣ nakayɛ yaa ŋɣbɛyɛ naɖɩyɛ taa mba yɔ.
Tɛyɩtʊ ndʊ tɩwɛ Hutuwaa nɛ Tutsiwaa hɛkʊ taa yɔ, pɩlɩna ɛzɩma ɖooo Ruwandaa tɛtʊ taa ɛyaa samaɣ kɛwɛɛ yɔ, pɩ-cɔlɔ; pɩtasɩ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, tɛyɩtʊ ndʊ tɩwɛ Hututwaa nɛ Tutstiwaa hɛkʊ taa yɔ. Pɩtasɩɩna mbʊ ɖeke; anasayɩnaa kakpacayaɣ-wɛ nɛ ndʊ tɩɩwɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ yɔ tɩwɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ. Ruwandaa tɔm tʊnɛ, tɩtɔzʋʋ ɖɔɖɔ ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1894, alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tuuɖe ɛjaɖɛ taa ñɩmba nɛ Ruwandaa ñɩnɖɛ taa mba paaɖa katʋʋ yɔ; pɩkɔɔ pɩsɩɩna pɩnaɣ 1962, alɩwaatʊ ndʊ Ruwandaa ɛjaɖɛ taa mba wɛ padɩ yɔɔ yɔ nɛ 1994 tɔm kɔŋ pɩtalʋʋ yɔ.


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Ñɩm
Ñɩm, pɩkɛ pʊyʊ nɔɔyʊ tɩyʊʊ, pɩpɩzɩɣ pɩkɛ ñɩm kɩkpaɣm yaa ɛsɔdaa kuduyuŋ sakɩyɛ ɖɩɣa yaa ɖɔɖɔ ñʊʊ taa lɔŋ, pɩkɛ ùbʊ paa anɩ sɩma yɔ nɗ pakandʊʊ pɩyɔɔ pɩtɩŋna ɛyʊ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʊ yɔɔ (pɩpɩzɩɣ pɩkɛ ɛsɔ nɔɔyʊ yaa ɛyʊ maɣmaɣ), samaɣ, paɣtʊ, kpeekpe tovonum tɔm yaa ɛyaa tɩŋa sɔɔlʊʊ yɔɔ. Mbʊ Pierre-Joseph Proudon tɔŋ se pɩkɛ ɖoŋ wɛnaʊ pɩyʊ.
Fransɩɩ kpɛlɩ lɛɣzʊʊ tɔm pazɩ kɩsa siŋ ñɩm waɖɛ tɔm, paapɩzɩ pakʊyɩ nɛ tʊ halɩ pakandʊʊ tɩ-yɔɔ kɩkandʊʊ, pɩtɩŋna ɛyʊ waɖɛ yɔɔ kandɩyʊ tɔm takayɩ hayʊʊ hɔɔlaɣ 17 pɩnaɣ 1789 paɣtʊ yɔɔ.
Ñɩm, pɩkɛ pɩyʊ mbʊ ɛyʊ tɩyaa yɔ, pɩpɩzɩɣ pɩkɛ wonuu mbʊ ɛyʊ naɣ yɔ yaa pɩtɛkɛ mbʊ ɖɔɖɔ. Yee ɖɩkpaɣ mbʊ panaɣ kɔyɔ pʊpʊ ñɛkɛna kajalaɣ lɔŋ weyi ɛfɛyɩ ciidiɣ yɔ, nɛ pɩwɩlɩɣse pɩkɛ mbbʊ ɛyʊ tɩyaa ɛ-maɣmaɣ ɛ-tɩ yɔɔ nɛ ɛ-nɛ nɔɔyʊ paatɛyɩɣ-pʊ yɔ, nɛ yee ɖɩkpaɣ ɛzɩ ñʊʊ taa ñɩm hɔɔlʊʊ, ɖɩnaɣ se hɔɔlʊʊ kʊkʊ taa lɛɛzɩtʊ kɩfatʊ kɔŋna tʊ, kpaɣ ɛzɩ takayasɩ kɩmamasɩ taa tɔm yaa tʊmɩyɛ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛmtʊ takayaɣ yaa radiyoo tatasɩ, hendu kitetetu mbʊ yɔ pɩkɛ ñɩm ɖɔɖɔ.


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Fritawnɩ
Fritawnɩ kɛna Siyeeraa Leyɔɔnɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩkɩla walazɩ yɔ ɛ ndʊ ɖɔɖɔ tɩkɛna peeɖe tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ ɖɔɖɔ. Fritawnɩ kɛna Englɩsɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa yatʊ nɛ tɔbʊʊ nɛ kabɩyɛ taa se tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩwɛ tɩ-tɩ yɔɔ yem yɔ. Teŋnu ɣʊ kɩwɛ peeɖe yɔ kɩwɛna tɛtʊ ndʊ nɛ tɩ-hayʊ kɩŋ. Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa kɛ tɔsʊʊ nɛ ɛsɩnda wobu, poliyiki kpelasi kutuyiŋ nɛ peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ palakɩ pɩ-tɛ kediizasɩ sɔsɔsɩ payɩ, tɩ-taa ɖɔɖɔ kɛ palakɩ amʊza nɛ aleya ndɩ ndɩ.
Mba patʊla tʊma ndɩ ndɩ nɛ pɛwɛ pa-tɩ yɔɔ yɔ nɛ ajɛya lɛɛna taa sɩnɩyaa mba patʊla tʊma ndɩ ndɩ yɔ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɖɔɖɔ kɛ patʊla pa-tʊma ana. Fritawnɩ tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-tɔsʊʊ lɩna teŋu ŋgʊ kɩwɛ peeɖe yɔ nɛ keteŋa kpeekpe taa lɛ, teŋu ŋgʊ ki-kidiiliŋ wɛ kidiiliŋ weyi ɛkɩla liŋgu yɔ. Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-walanzɩ landammm taa maɣna kilomɛtanaa 357. Pɩnaɣ 2004 taa pakalɩ kɩgalʊ lɛ ɛyaa mba paanaa yɔ pɛkpɛnda 1 070 200.
Peeɖe ɛyaa ɖɔ pɩtɩɩfɛyɩ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ pɛlaa nɛ efebiya peseɣ pʊŋ ndɩ ndɩ taa nɛ powoki pacakɩ peeɖe se paahiu tʊma pala nɛ pe-wezu caaʊ lɛɛzɩ pazɩ. Tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-tɛ kidiiliŋ ŋgʊ kɩkɩla liŋgu yɔ ŋgʊ lɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa Abiɖe nɖɩ payaɣ se Elizabeth Naalɛ tʊ yɔ. Payaɣ tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-tɛ maalika yɔɔ cɔnɩyʊ se Herbert George-Williams.


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Tɔʋ
Tɔʋ kɛ you wonuu yaa lakʋ tʋmɩyɛ wonuu ŋgʋ kʋlɔʋ n̄ɩma yɔ. Tɔʋ wɛ kotaɣ nɛ kɩwɛna nimiye, nɛ nimiye nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa paɖʋ n̄ɩmɩyɛ nɛ pɔhɔŋ nimiye lɛ n̄ɩmɩyɛ lɩɩ fɩyaʋ ɛzɩ pɔlɔʋ pɩyɛ yɔ. Patʋʋzɩna mbʋ yɔ, mbʋ n̄ɩmɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩyakɩ. Tɔʋ ɖaʋ wɛ tanɩɩ tanɩɩ wɛtʋ.
Ɛyʋ yaa weyi ɛtɔʋ tɔʋ ŋgʋ yɔ, ɛnʋ payaɣ size sɔɔja tɔʋ n̄ɩnʋ yaa tɔʋ yoyu abalʋ n̄ɩnʋ. Ɛlɛ, yee halʋ ɛtɔʋna tɔʋ kɔyɔ, payaɣ ɛlɛ size, sɔɔja tɔʋ n̄ɩnʋ yaa tɔʋ yoyu halʋ n̄ɩnʋ. Tɔʋ yoyu yaa sɔɔja tɔʋ tʋ kɛna tɔm piye nɖɩ, ɖɩ-tɔbʋʋ kɛna nabʋyʋ taa kɛ ɛyʋ weyi ɛlʋkɩ pɩtatɩɩ fɛyɩ naʋ yɔ yaa ɛkɛ ɛyaa waɖɛ yɔ yoyu yɔ.
Pɩtɛ ɛyʋ ɛnʋ, ɛ-malɩfa yaa ɛ-hɔzʋʋ kɛlɛ tɔʋ n̄ɩma ŋgʋ. Ɖoo lɔnda yen kɩyɛɛna fenaɣ taa evemiye yaa kɩyakʋ nɛɛlɛ nɛ loɖo (26) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye kɛ pɩnaɣ 1346 kɛ paalaba tɔŋ you nakʋyʋ kɛ Iŋglɩsɩ kʋnʋŋ ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʋ taa.
Tɔŋ you ŋgʋ, kɩwɩla tɔŋ waza. Pɩwɛ kaɖɛ yaa pɩcaa kaɖa size ɖeɖe tɔm n̄ɩnɩyaa ɛtɩlɩ alɩwaatʋ ndʋ keekee palɩza yaa poluba tɔʋ nɛ kɩ-n̄ɩma yɔ. Mbʋ piyeba nɛ, paapɩzʋʋ size patɩlɩ kɛlɛʋ kɛ tɔʋ nɛ kɩ-n̄ɩma palɩ pɩnaɣ yɔ, mbʋʋ lɛ size tɔʋ nɛ kɩ-tɛ n̄ɩma pɛwɛkʋ lɔŋ kpeɖem.
Tɔʋ ŋgʋ pɛlɛya kʋʋnaʋ yɔ, Caama ɛjaɖɛ taa pana kʋ pɩnaɣ 10800 n̄ɩŋga taa nɛ pɩcɔ palʋlʋʋ yesu krɩstʋ. Ɛlɛ, ɖɩtaasɔɔ size nabɛyɛ n̄ɔtɔŋ size, panaʋ tɔʋ ŋgʋ yɔ, pɩlaba pɩnzɩ kudokiŋ nɛɛlɛ (20 000) kɛ mbɩ yɔ.


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Kuwarɩtɩsɩ
Payaɣ ñɩɣlɩm tɛtʊ natʊyʊ se kuwarɩtɩsɩzɩ. Ñɩɣlɩm tɛtʊ wɛ huwa ndɩ ndɩ taa. Silikatɩ waa huuye taa kuwarɩtɩsɩzɩ wɛɛ. Silikatɩ waa huuye wɛ ñɩɣlɩm tɛtʊ ndʊ payaɣ se tɛkɩtoosilikatɩ waa yɔ pa-pɩlɩʊ taa. Mbʊ payaɣ se dioxyde de silicium yɔ pʊwɛ ñɩɣlɩm tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa. Dioxyde de silicium mayaɣ kɛlɛ SiO2. Ñɩɣlɩm tɛtʊ ndʊ payaɣ se silisi (silice) yɔ pʊwɛ ɖɔɖɔ kuwarɩtɩsɩ taa. Ñɩɣlɩm wondu cikpetu lɛɛtʊ ndɩ ndɩ wɛ ɖɔɖɔ kuwarɩtɩsɩzɩ taa ; Ndʊʊ yɔ : Al, Li, B, Fe, Mg, Ca, Ti, Rb, Na nɛ OH.
Nabʊyʊ taa kɔyɔ, kuwarɩtɩsɩ wɛʊ ɛzɩ ɖɔmbɛ sɔsɔna wena afɛyɩna tɔlɩm nabʊyʊ yɔ. Nabʊyʊ taa lɛ, kuwarɩtɩsɩzɩ wɛɛ ɛzɩ ɖɔmbɛ sɔsɔna wena awɛna tɔlɩm nabʊyʊ yɔ. Nabʊyʊ taa ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, kuwarɩtɩsɩzɩ wɛ ɛzɩ ɖɔmbɛ sɔsɔna wena ñɔsɩ sʊ-yɛ yɔ. Nabʊyʊ taa ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, kuwarɩtɩsɩ yele kɩwɛɛ ɛzɩ ɖɔmbɛ cikpena yululu waa wena añɩlɩnzɩɣ yɔ.
Pɛ pɔɔɖɛ (lithosphère) yuŋ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ lɛ, kuwarɩtɩsɩsɩ yuŋ talɩ kiiloo waa hiu nɛ naalɛ. Ñɩɣlɩm tɛtʊ ndɩ ndɩ ndʊ tɩwɛ pɛ pɔɔɖɛ taa nɛ tɩkɩlɩ wazaɣ nɛ ɛyʊ kɩlɩ-tʊ ɖɔɖɔ sɩm camɩyɛ kpem yɔ, tɩ-taa lɛ, Ɔkɩsɩzɛnɩ ɖɛna nɔɔ. Pʊwayɩ lɛ, pɩtɩŋ siilisiyɔɔm (silicium). Nɛ siilisiyɔɔm wayɩ lɛ, pɩtɩŋ kuwarɩtɩsɩsɩ (quartz). Kuwarɩtɩsɩ wɛ pee kaaʊ yaa pee ɛwaɣ (granite) taa sakɩyɛ. Kɩwɛ wazaɣ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ pee kaaʊ taa.


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Tiibaa
Tiibaa kɛna minziiki wonuu kɩhʋlʋʋ. Ɖɩcɔna kɔyɔ ɖɩnaɣ size kɩwɛɛ hɔʋʋ yaa kɩhɔʋʋ kɛlɛ kuwiviɖi hɔʋʋ. Ɛsɩma ɛnʋzɩ ɛ-saɣʋʋ wɛ ndɩ nɛ ɛ-wɛtʋ wɛ ɖɔɖɔ ndɩ yɔɔ lɛ, ɛ-kɛ kuwiviɖi hɔʋʋ cikpeluu tʋ. Tom piye tiibaa ɖɩnɛ, ɖikiɖe keɣke lɩna Laatɩnɩ kʋnʋŋ taa kɛnɛ. Wɛɛ wɛɛ ɖoomuu n̄ʋʋ ŋgʋ kɩ-taa lɛ, tiibaa kaɣkɛ ŋgandɩyɛ sʋsɔyɛ siŋŋ.
Ŋna-ɖɩ ndɔ, ŋna size ɖɩ-kotaa. Nɛ palakɩna-ɖɩ kpem yaa pa-hʋlʋʋ ɖɩ-kpem kɛ sɔɔjanaa pɩlʋʋ taa. Kɛlɛm kɛlɛm yɔɔ hɩla ɖɩmayɛ ɖɩɖʋyɛ tɛ hɔlʋʋ taa lɛ, «tiibaa» wonuu minziiki n̄ɩŋgʋ kʋnɛ, ki-kpeluu kɩ-taa kɛ sɔnɔ alɩwaatʋ tʋnɛ tɩ-taa kɛ soo wonduu ndɩ ndɩ.
Ɛlɛ tɩ-wɛna tʋkaɣ ɖɔɖɔ nɛ patɩlɩɣna tʋ camɩyɛ, yaa papazɩɣ pasɩŋ-tʋ lɔŋ tɩ-mabʋʋ taa yaa tɩ-tɛyɩtʋ taa. Yʋsaɣ keɣleee naʋʋ kɩjaʋ yɔɔ kɩmaɣzɩnaʋ kpɩtɩna labʋtʋ ndʋ tɩ-taatɩ caɣʋ ɖoo kiɖe tɛɛ yɔ. Tiibaa lubutu lɩna yekuyu nɔɔyʋʋ cɔlɔ. Wɛtʋ lɛɛɣzɩtʋ hɔlʋʋ taa lɛ, wonuu kʋnɛ kɩ-hɔʋʋ kwivri kɛ kɔɔnɔɔ n̄ɩŋgʋ kpaɖʋ 19 kʋnɛ taa.
Pɩ-kpaʋ nɛ ɛzɩ pɩnaɣ 1835 taa lɛ, ɖa-caa Wieprecht, weyi ɛ-kɛkɛ minziiki wondu tʋmɩyɛ yɔɔ cɔnayʋ sʋsɔ kɛ Prussie ɛjaɖɛ taa yɔ, ɛpɔzaɣ tamaɣ lɩzʋyʋ caama tʋ ɖa-caa sʋsɔ Johann Gottfried Moritz size ɛlabɩ tʋmɩyɛ naɖɩ.
Tʋmɩyɛ nɖɩ yɔ size ɛcɔlɩ minziiki wondu ndʋ palaba kuwiviɖi yɔ camɩyɛ pa ndʋ lɛ ti-wilitu yaa ti-tilitu taa. Nɛ paɣ pɩla ɛzɩma yɔ, paɣbɩzɩ pɛwɛna tʋkaɣ kɩpaŋga nakayɩ kɛ wilitu yaa tilitu taa. Nɛ tɩ-tɛ tɩ-wɛna ɖɔɖɔ matʋ kʋyʋmtʋ tɩ-kɛnayʋ taa.
Hɔlʋʋ lɛɣkʋ taa ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, ɖɩnaɣ size, pɩɩwɛ ɖɔɖɔ se sʋsɔ ɖa-caa W. Schuster ɛ-cɔlɩ pɩkpaɣʋ nɛ ɛzɩ pɩnaɣ 1830 nɛ 1835 mbɩyɔ kɛ tiibaa ŋgʋ kɩwɛna kɔŋgɔŋ cikpeŋ naadozo yɔ. Ɖɩtaasɔ ɖɔɖɔ size soo wondu luɖu wɛna wɛtʋ ndɩ ndɩ lɛɣtʋ ndʋ tɩ-pɩzɩɣ tɩsɩna ɖɔɖɔ nɛ lubutu nʋmɔʋ taa yɔ.


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Faure Essozimna Gnassingbé
Faure Essozimna Gnassingbé, Ɖajaa ɛnɛ, palʋla-ɩ mɩsɩkʋm fenaɣ kɩyakʋ loɖo (6) ñɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1966 taa. Palʋla-ɩ Afagnan tɛtʋ taa Togo ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛkɛ Togo politiki ɛyʋ nɔɔyʋ.
Ɛpɩsɩ Togo ɛjaɖɛ Ñʋʋdʋ pɩnaɣ 2005 ñɩŋga taa. Kajalaɣ taa lɛ, ɛ-caa Eyadéma sɩba lɛ, Togo sɔɔjanaa sɩ-ɩ ɛ-caa kpelaɣ yɔɔ se ɛtɛzɩ ɛ-caa alɩwaatʋ ndʋ pɩɩwɛɛ se ɛlɛ ɛtɛzɩ nɛ pʋcɔ paaɖaɣnɩ tɔʋ caca kɩfalʋʋ nɛ palɩzɩ Togo ɛjaɖɛ Ñʋʋdʋ kɩfalʋ yɔ. Ɛcaɣ ɛ-caa lone ńɖɩ ɖɩ-taa, kpaɣna lɛlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ lʋbɛ (7) ñɩŋgʋ wiye nɛ puwolo pɩsɩɩnɩ kɩ-kɩyakʋ nɩɩlɛ nɛ kagbaanzɩ ñɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 2005 taa. Ɛ-caa pɩnzɩ ńzɩ sɩtɛmna nɛ pʋwayɩ pɔtɔ caca ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ nɩɩlɛ nɛ naanza (24) ñɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ kʋɖʋmaɣ ŋ́ga ka-taa se palɩzɩ Togo ɛjaɖɛ ɖiyiyu kɩfalʋ. Pɔtɔ-kʋ lɛ, Faure kʋɖʋm weyi ɛtɛza ɛ-caa pɩnzɩ yɔ, ɛnʋʋ palɩzaa se ɛtasɩ ɖiyiɣ Togo ɛjaɖɛ.
Eɖiyi Togo ɛjaɖɛ nɛ pɩtalɩ pɩnzɩ kagbaanzɩ wayɩ lɛ, paɖaɣnɩ tɔʋ caca kɩfalʋʋ lakɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ naanza (4) ñɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 2010 taa se pɛlɛɣzɩ Togo ɛjaɖɛ ɖiyiyu. Pɔtɔ-kʋ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, kʋɖʋm ɛnʋ ɖɔɖɔ patasɩ lɩzʋʋ se ɛtasɩ ɖɔkʋʋ Togo ɛjaɖɛ nabʋlɛ ɖeɖe.
Paɖaɣna-ɩ lɩzʋʋ nabʋlɛ ɖeɖe nɛ pɩnzɩ kagbaanzɩ tasɩ ɖɛʋ lɛ, patasɩ tɔʋ caca kɩfalʋʋ nabudozo ñɩŋgʋ ɛ-caa sɩm wayɩ se pɛlɛɣzɩ Togo ɛjaɖɛ ɖɔkɩyʋ. Pɔtɔ-kʋkʋ ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ nɩɩlɛ nɛ kagbaanzɩ (25) ñɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 2015 taa. Pɔtɔ caca kɩfalʋʋ ŋ́gʋ lɛ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, Faure Gnassingbé kʋɖʋm ɛnʋ ɖɔɖɔ patasɩ lɩzʋʋ sɛ eɖiyi Togo ɛjaɖɛ nabudozo ɖiyuu ɛ-caa sɩm wayɩ. Toovenum lɛ, Togo ɛjaɖɛ paɣtʋ pɔzaa se pɔtɔʋ caca nɛ palɩzɩ weyi se ɛkɛ ɛjaɖɛ Ñʋʋdʋ yɔ, ɛlakɩ pɩnzɩ kagbaanzɩ lɛ, ɛkʋyʋʋ kpelaɣ yɔɔ nɛ paɖaɣnɩ tɔʋ caca kɩfalʋʋ nɛ palɩzɩ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɔkɩyʋ kɩfalʋ. Ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, pɩtaha waɖɛ Togo ɛjaɖɛ Ñʋʋdʋ nɔɔyʋ se ɛtasɩ sɩʋ ɛ-takayaɣ se palɩzɩ-ɩ nɛ ɛkɛ ɛjaɖɛ Ñʋʋdʋ nabudozo ɖeɖe.
Ɖajaa Faure Essozimna Gnassingbé laba tɔsʋʋ sukuli nɛ ɛmʋ kɩ-takayaɣ kɩtɛzaɣ. Paarii-Dauphine tɛtʋ taa ɛlaba e-sukuli ŋ́gʋ. Ɛmʋ ɖɔɖɔ takayaɣ sɔsaɣ ŋga payaɣ se MBA yɔ George Washington sukuli sɔsɔʋ taa.
Ɖajaa Faure Essozimna Gnassingbé kɛkɛ paɣtʋ lɩzɩyʋ Blita egetiye taa. Ɛlʋkaɣ ɛ-caa Gnassingbé Eyadèma tɛ politiki ŋgbɛyɛ yɔɔ. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se ɛlʋkaɣ Togo politiki ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se RPT yɔ ɖɩ-yɔɔ.
Paɣtʋ lɩzɩyʋ wayɩ lɛ, ɖajaa Faure E. Gnassingbé kɛkɛ samaɣ tʋma labʋ nɛ tɛtɛɛ ñɩm nɛ aseɣɖe tɔm susuu tɛ Minisi. Hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ nɛɛlɛ nɛ nakʋ (29), waaɣ naza pɩnaɣ 2003 taa pakpa-ɩ se ɛkɛ Minisi ɛnʋ. Alɩwaatʋ ndʋʋ lɛ, ɖajaa Koffi Sama kɛkɛna Togo komina nɔɔ yɔɔ tʋ.
Paatɛma ñɔɔzʋʋ se ɖajaa Faure Essozimna Gnassingbé kɛɣna Togo Ñʋʋdʋ ɛ-caa Etienne Gnassingbé Eyadèma sɩm wayɩ. Waaɣ tozo, pɩnaɣ 2002 taa, Ñʋʋdʋ Eyadèma laba nɛ pɛlɛɣzɩ Togo ɛjaɖɛ paɣtʋ natʋyʋ. Paɣtʋ ndʋʋ yɔ se yee Togo pɩɣa ɛfɛyɩna pɩnzɩ nɛ sɩtalɩ hiu waa naanza nɛ kagbaanzɩ (45) yɔ, ɛɛpɩzɩ ɛsɩɩ ɛ-takayaɣ se palɩzɩ-ɩ nɛ ɛkɛ ɛjaɖɛ Ñʋʋdʋ yɔ.
Pɛlɛɣzɩ paɣtʋ ńdʋ. Paɖʋ kɩfatʋ nɛ tʋtʋ tɔŋ se, yee Togo pɩɣa nakɛyɩ ɛtalɩ pɩnzɩ niidozo nɛ kagbaanzɩ (35) yɔ, kapɩzɩɣ kɛkɛ Togo ɛjaɖɛ Ñʋʋdʋ. Ñʋʋdʋ Eyadèma laba nɛ paɖʋ paɣtʋ kɩfatʋ tʋnɛ yɔ, mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ, ɛ-pɩyalʋ Faure Essozimna kaawɛna pɩnzɩ nzɩɩ alɩwaatʋ ńdʋ. Lɛɛlɛyɔ, pɩha ɛ-pɩyalʋ ɛnʋʋ waɖɛ se ɛsɩɩ ɛ-takayaɣ waaɣ naza, pɩnaɣ 2003 taa se palɩzɩ-ɩ nɛ ɛkɛ Togo ɛjaɖɛ Ñʋʋdʋ, yee ɛnʋʋ Eyadèma ɛɛpɩzɩɣ se ɛtasɩ ɖɔkʋʋ kpelaɣ kɔyɔ.
Pɩtalɩ pɩnaɣ 2003 lɛ, Ñʋʋdʋ Eyadèma wɛ ɖoŋ se ɛtasɩ Togo kpelaɣ yɔɔ caɣʋ. Pʋ-yɔɔ ɛtasɩ sɩʋ ɛ-takayaɣ se palɩzɩ-ɩ nɛ ɛɖaɣnɩ ɖiyuu Togo samaɣ. Pɔtɔ caca ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, ɛnʋʋ palɩzaa se ɛɖaɣnɩ Togo samaɣ ɖiyuu pɩnzɩ kagbaanzɩ nzɩ sɩkɔŋ yɔ sɩ-taa. Pɔtɔʋ-kʋ yɔ, ɛyaa mɩnɩʋ yɔɔ lɛ, ɛyaa nɩɩnʋwa nɛ ɛyaa naalɛ (52) lɩzɩna-ɩ se ɛɖaɣnɩ ɖɔkʋʋ Togo samaɣ.
Toovenum lɛ, Ñʋʋdʋ Eyadèma kɛtɛma ñɔɔzʋʋ ɛ-pɩyalʋ Faure Essozimna se ɛcaɣ e-kpelaɣ yɔɔ ɛ-sɩm wayɩ. Pʋ-yɔɔ ɛsʋza-ɩ Togo komina taa se ɛtɩlɩ Togo komina politiki lɛɣtʋ.
Waaɣ naza, pɩnaɣ 1993 taa Anasaayɩnaa ajɛya ŋgbɛyɛ kɛcɛba taabalɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩɩwɛ ɖɩ nɛ Togo pɛ-hɛkʋ taa yɔ. Ɖɩcɛba-ɖɩ mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ, kiɖi kiɖi lakasɩ sɔsɔsɩ nasɩyɩ lakaɣ pɩnaɣ ŋ́ga ka-taa Togo taa pɩlɩɩna ɛyʋ waɖɛ yɔɔ fɛyʋʋ Togo taa yɔɔ.
Lɛlaɣ fenaɣ, waaɣ falaŋga pɩnaɣ 2005 taa Ñʋʋdʋ Eyadèma wona sɔsaa mʋlʋ. Pɩnaɣ ŋ́ga ka-taa Togo sɔɔjanaa sɔsaa ɖʋ nesi nɛ pɛlɛɣzɩ Togo paɣtʋ nɛ pɩha waɖɛ ɛ-pɩyalʋ Faure Essozimna se ɛcaɣ ɛ-caɣ kpelaɣ yɔɔ.
Togo politiki aŋgba wena abama Togo komina nɛ ɛsa yɔ nɛ Afrɩka ajɛya kɩkpɛndʋʋ ŋgbɛyɛ kizi tɔm ńdʋ. Pʋ-yɔɔ Faure Essozimna tɔma se ɛnʋ ɛɛtɛzɩɣ ɛ-caa pɩnzɩ nzɩ pɩzaɣ ɛlɛɛ kpelaɣ yɔɔ yɔ. Ɛlɛ, eyeki nɛ pɔtɔ caca fanasɩ naalɛ wayɩ nɛ palɩzɩ Togo ɛjaɖɛ Ñʋʋdʋ kɩfalʋ.
Ɖajaa Faure Essozimna kizaa se ɛɛtɛzɩɣ ɛ-caa pɩnzɩ kpelaɣ yɔɔ, ɛlɛ, etisaa se ɛsɩɣ ɛ-takayaɣ nɛ pɔtɔ caca kɩfalʋʋ lɛ, paalɩzɩ-ɩ nɛ ɛkɛ Togo ɛjaɖɛ Ñʋʋdʋ. Ɛlɛ, Togo sɔɔjanaa kizina-ɩ nɛ pakpa-ɩ nɛ ɖoŋ nɛ pasɩɩ-ɩ ɛ-caa kpelaɣ yɔɔ se ɛtɛzɩ ɛlɛ pɩnzɩ nɛ pʋcɔ paatɔ caca kɩfalʋʋ.
Toovenum lɛ, Togo paɣtʋ yɔɔdʋʋ se, yee ɛjaɖɛ Ñʋʋdʋ ɛfɛyɩ kɔyɔ, paɣtʋ lɩzɩyaa Ñʋʋdʋ cakɩna e-kpelaɣ yɔɔ nɛ pʋcɔ paatɔ caca nɛ palɩzɩ ɛjaɖɛ Ñʋʋdʋ kɩfalʋ. Alɩwaatʋ ndʋ Ñʋʋdʋ Eyadèma sɩba yɔ, ɖajaa Fambaré Ouattara Natchaba kɛkɛŋna Togo paɣtʋ lɩzɩyaa nɔɔ yɔɔ ɖɛyʋ. Yee ḿbʋ, pɩɩfɛɛ se ɛnʋ cakɩna Ñʋʋdʋ Eyadèma kpelaɣ yɔɔ.
Kɔyɩna alɩwaatʋ ndʋ Ñʋʋdʋ Eyadèma fɛyɩ yɔ, ɖajaa Fambaré Natchamba taawɛɛ Togo taa. Ɛnɩ Ñʋʋdʋ Eyadèma sɩm nɛ ɛkɔɔ se ɛsʋʋ Togo taa lɛ, Togo sɔɔjanaa ɖaŋɩ-ɩ Togo nɛ Ɖahʋma pa-ajɛyɛ naalɛ ana a-kamaɣ yɔɔ, ɛtapɩzɩ ɛsʋʋ Togo taa.
Pʋ-yɔɔ pasɩ Ɖajaa Faure Essozimna se ɛlɛ ɛtɛzɩ ɛ-caa pɩnzɩ kpelaɣ yɔɔ. Pɔkɔma pɔtɔ caca kɩfalʋʋ ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ nɛɛlɛ nɛ naanza ñɩŋgʋ (24) wiye, waaɣ falaŋga pɩnaɣ 2005 taa lɛ Togo sɔɔjanaa ɖʋ nesi siŋŋ nɛ pɩla se ɖajaa Faure Essozimna waba caca ŋ́gʋ kʋ-tɔʋ taa. Ɛyaa mɩnʋʋ yɔɔ lɛ, ɛyaa 60,6 lɩzɩna-ɩ se ɛkɛ Togo ɛjaɖɛ Ñʋʋdʋ.
Alɩwaatʋ ndʋ pɔtɔ caca ŋ́gʋ nɛ pɛtɛ nɛ posusi se ɖajaa Ñʋʋdʋ Eyadèma Pɩyalʋ, ɖajaa Faure Essozimna wabɩna yɔ, pɩtala ɛyaa mba papamɩ Togo komina nɛ ɛsɔ yɔ leleŋ. Pʋ-yɔɔ kiɖikiɖi lakasɩ laba siŋŋ Togo ɛjaɖɛ taa. Kiɖikiɖi lakasɩ ńzɩ sɩ-taa nabɛyɩ tɔŋ se ɛyaa 790 hiɣ sɩm mba papamɩ komina nɛ ɛsa yɔ pa-taa.
Ajɛya ndɩ ndɩ tiyina mba se pɔcɔna nɛ pana ɛzɩma caca ŋ́gʋ kʋɖɔma ɖɔm mbʋʋ Togo taa yɔ, paba ñɔtɔŋ se ɛyaa 154 lesina pe-weziŋ caca ŋ́gʋ kʋ-ɖɔm taa. Akɔma nabɛyɛ ñɔtɔŋ se ɛyaa mba pasɩba yɔ, patalɩ 400 mbʋ yɔ. Lalaa se patalɩ 500 mbʋ yɔ.
Kedeŋa kpeekpe ajɛya kɩkpɛndʋʋ ŋgbɛyɛ « ONU » Ñʋʋdʋ Togo taa, ɖajaa Fidèle Sarassoro Susini tɔm tʋnɛ. Esusi-tʋ nɛ ɛtɛ lɛ, Togo kaɖɩsɩ sʋsaa mba pɔñɔɔza caca tɔʋ nɛ kɩ-tɛm tʋma tɩŋa payɩ yɔɔ yɔ, pekizi tɔm ndʋ esusaa mbʋ yɔ. Toovenum lɛ, ɖajaa Fidèle Sarassoro kɛkɛ Togo ɛjaɖɛ samaɣ lɩm ɖʋyʋ tɛ Minisi taabalʋ nɔɔyʋ siŋŋ. Minisi ɛnʋ, ɛ-hɩɖɛ lɛ, ɖajaa François Boko. Minisi ɛnɛ, ekisi ɛ-tʋmɩyɛ labʋ kɩyakɩŋ cabɩ nɛ pʋcɔ pɔtɔʋ caca se palɩzɩ Togo ɛjaɖɛ Ñʋʋdʋ. Ɛtɔma se pɔñɔɔzɩ kiɖikiɖi lakasɩ nasɩyɛ se pɔkɔŋ labʋ caca tɔʋ mbʋ pɩ-taa. Ŋgʋ, ɛnʋ ɛɛpɩzɩ se ɛlʋbɩna pɩ-tɛ kiɖikiɖi lakasɩ ńzɩ.
Agoza fenaɣ kɩyakʋ naadozo ñɩŋgʋ wiye, waaɣ falaŋga pɩnaɣ 2005 taa mba pɔcɔna caca tɔʋ tʋma yɔɔ yɔ posusaa se ɖajaa Faure Essozimna Gnassingbé wabɩna. Kɩyakʋ ŋ́gʋ, kɩ-tɛʋ kifemuu ɖajaa Faure Essozimna ɖuu samaɣ ɛsindaa se ɛnʋ eɖiyiɣ Togo samaɣ siɣsiɣ nɛ toovenum pa-taa.
Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa laba leleŋ se Faure Essozimna Gnassingbé wabɩna. Pʋ-yɔɔ patɩsusaa se Faure Essozimna wabɩna lɛ, ɖɩ-ɛjaɖɛ tɛ Minisi weyi ɛcɔŋna Fransɩ nɛ ajɛya lɛɛna tɛ taabalɩyɛ yɔɔ yɔ, etiyini Togo Fransɩ sɛtʋ takayaɣ.
Ɛlɛ, Togo Minisiwaa nɔɔ yɔɔ ɖɛyʋ kɩbɩnʋ, ɖajaa Agbeyomé Kodjo ñɔtɔma se pɔtɔʋ caca ŋgʋ yɔ, pɩtɛkɛ Faure Essozimna Gnassingbé wabɩna. Ɛkaɖaa se pɔtɔʋ-kʋ yɔ, ɛyaa mɩnʋʋ yɔɔ lɛ, ɛyaa lʋbɛ ɖeke lɩzɩna Faure Essozimna se ɛkɛ Togo ɛjaɖɛ Ñʋʋdʋ. Ɖajaa Agbeyomé Kodjo kɛkɛ Faure Essozimna Gnassingbé caa, Ñʋʋdʋ Eyadèma taabalʋ pɩnɩɩ nɔɔyʋ. Ɛlɛ, ɛkɔma ɛsʋʋ Togo politiki aŋgba wena apama Togo komina nɛ ɛsa yɔ a-taa waaɣ naza, pɩnaɣ 2002 taa.


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Jorge Luis Borges
Jorge Luis Borges Arɩzantini (Argentin) ɛjaɖɛ taa tʋ. Ɛ-hɩɖɛ tɩŋɛ kpeekpe kɛlɛ kɛlɛʋ kɛlɛ size Jorge Francisco Isidoro Luis Borges Acevedo. Ɛkɛ abalʋ weyi ɛfɛyɩ felendu kpataa yɔ.
Palʋla ɖajaa ɛnɛ kɩyɛɛna fenaɣ taa, kɩyakʋ hiŋ naalɛ nɛ naanza (24) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1899 n̄ɩŋga taa. Palʋla-ɩ Puyenezɛrɩ tɛtʋ taa. Ɛkɛ n̄amtʋ pɩɣa ɛ-taabalaa nɛ ɛ-samaɣ taa ñɩma cɔlɔ.
Ɛ-pɩjatʋ taa ɛɛkɛ pɩɣa ŋga kɛwɛ lɛɣtʋ siŋŋ yɔ. Ɛsɩba mɩsɩkʋm fenaɣ taa, kɩyakʋ hiu nɛ naanza (14) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1986 n̄ɩŋga taa. Ɛsɩba Senɛɛvɩ tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ taa Suwisi ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛsɩkaɣ lɛ, ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ hiŋ lutozo nɛ lʋbɛ (87).
Ɖajaa Jorge Luis Borges kɛ Arɩzantini ɛjaɖɛ tɛ takayasɩ mayʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ siŋŋ. Ɛma ɛ-takayasɩ ndɩ ndɩ sakɩyɛ. Ɛma ɖɔɖɔ keɣsi takayɩsɩ sakɩyɛ.
Ɛma ɛ-takayɩsɩ taa takɩm ndɩ ndɩ tɔm nɛ ɛtɛ ɛma aseɣɖe tɔm. Arɩzantini tʋ, ɖajaa Jorge Luis Borges takayasɩ mayʋ ɛnɛ, ɛ-caa payaɣ size Jorge Guillermo Borges. Ɛ-caa kɛ tɔm hʋyʋ sɔsɔ kpimkpi. Ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ sukuli wɩlɩyʋ. Ɛyʋ fɩtɩyɩm taa maɣzɩm ndɩ ndɩ lɛɣtʋ piliŋa sukuli ɛwɩlaɣ.


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Kana
Kana kɛ Afrika nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩlyɛ taa ɛjaɖɛ nɛ ɖɩwɛ Kiinee kolɩfɩ cɔlɔ. Ajɛya wena acɔ Kana n,e ata ytɔ ana yɔ: wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ Togo, wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa lɛ, Kootidivʊwaarɩ, hayɩ kɩŋ lɛ, Purkina Fasoo.
Kana tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Akra nɛ Kana wɛ ɖama nɩnaʊ nɛ tɔsʊʊ hʊʊ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se CEDEAO yɔ ɖɩ-taa. Englɩsɩɩ kʊnʊŋ pɔyɔɔdɩɣ nɛ kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ peeɖe ɛyaa kɩlɩɣ yɔɔdɩɣ yɔ lɛ Twi, pɩkazɩ nɛ liidiya ŋɖɩ pɔtɔkɩ yɔ lɛ Seedi. Frankofonɩ tɔm taa lɛ, Kana eeleyuu mbʊ pɩ-yɔo yɔ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩkɛ ajɛya wena alʊkɩ kpem se Frankofoni ɛwogina nɛɛsɩnda yɔ a-taa.
Ɖooo lɛ, payawaɣ Kana se Côte d'Or (Gold Coast) nɛ kɩkɔma nɛ kɩhɩɣ kɩ-tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊ lɛ, pɛlɛdɩ nɛ paya-kʊ se Kana se paɖʊna hɩɖɛ kɛ peeɖe sɔdʊ sɔsɔʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ se Ɖajaa Kwame Nkruma yɔ.
Kana taa lɛ, sɔdɩŋ sɔsɔŋ weyi ɛlʊba se laŋhɛzɩyɛ nɛ ɖiu ɖiu caaʊ ɛwɛɛ yɔ ɛ-taa kɛlɛ Kwame Nkruma ɛnʊ. Ɛbɛ kaalaba nɛ payaɣ se Côte d'or, mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ ɖooo lɛ pɩcɔ nɛ Caama mba, Angɩlɩsɩ mba, Peyibaa mba nɛ [[Fransɩɩ mba kpacayɩɣ Kana lɛ, Azantɩ kpakaɣ sɩkasɩ nɛ palakɩ lɩtʊ nɛ pɩɩkɛ-wɛ ɛzɩ sɔnzɩ kpataa yɔ. Pɩtasɩ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, peeɖe sika ŋga payaɣ se oorɩ yɔ kɛwɛ kpem.
Pɩnaɣ 2004 taa ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, peeɖe ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊtʊ kɩpɩnʊ weyi payaɣ-se John Agyekum Kufuor yɔ patasa tɔʊ cacalɛ, ɛnʊ palɩza. Pɩkɔma saŋgayɩŋ fenaɣ pinaɣ 2008 lɛ, patasaɣ caca tɔʊ lɛ, nɛ pɩtaatasɩ John Agyekum Kufuor kɛ warɛ se ɛsɩɩ ɛ-takayɩsɩ ɛlɛ, ɛkʊyɩ kpelaɣ ɖɔɖɔ ɖaaa. Pɔtɔ caca lɛ, palɩzɩ John Atta-Mills se ɛkɛ peeɖe ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊtʊ kɩfalʊ.


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Sudaanɩ Hadɛ Kiŋ
Sudaanɩ Hadɛ Kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ kɛna Afrika nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ.
Ajɛya wena acɔ Sudaanɩ Hadɛ Kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ nɛ ata yɔ ana yɔ: Sudaanɩ Hayi Kiŋ, wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ, Etiyoopi, hadɛ kiŋ lɛ ajɛya naatozo: Keniiya, Ugandaa nɛ Kɔŋgo Kinsasa piyele nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ, Sentiraafriki ɛjaɖɛ.
Sudaanɩ Hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖi-taa pɔsɩ nasɩyɛ tɩŋuna nɛ sɩ-lɩm haɣ -ɖɩ mʊzʊŋ; ɛzɩ pɔɔ ŋga payaɣ se Niili Kɩhlʊmʊʊ pɔɔ yɔ.
Aloma fenaɣ naalɛ wiye pɩnaɣ 2015 taa Suudanɩ Hadɛ Kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-ñʊʊtʊ Salva Kiir maɣza ɛ-ñʊʊta sɩŋŋŋ nɛ ɛtɔ se pʊwɛɛ se pɛtɛyɩ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɛzɩ tindima 28 pɩtaakɛ hiu ɖeke mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, nabayɛ wɛɛ nɛ paahikiɣ mbʊ pʊpɔzaa yɔ. Ɛɛsɔɔla se paa hɔɔlʊʊ ŋgʊ lɛ kɩwɛɛna ɖɔŋ kɩ-tɩ yɔɔ nɛ kɩ-sɩndaa wobu nɔmɔʊ taa.
Ɛlɛ ɛ-lɩmazɩyɛ nɖɩ, ɖɩtacaɣna nabɩyɛ, pɩkɩlɩna kewiyaɣ tɛɛ cayʊʊ kɩpɩnʊ Riek Machar. Mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ mba pakaɖaɣ nɛ kewiyaɣ nɛ pɛkɛ ɛtɛlɛm waa yɔ pɩɩwɛɛ se pakpakɩɣ Suudanɩ hɔɔlɩɣʊ sɔsɔʊ naalɛ ñɩŋgʊ.
Pʊcɔ nɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩmʊʊ ɖɩ-tɩ wɛʊ kɛ hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ nakʊ pɩnaɣ 2011 lɛ, Caama ɛjaɖɛ kaatɛma-ɖɩ sɩm mbʊ kɩyakʊ litoozo wiye fenaɣ kʊɖʊɣ ŋga nɛ pɩnaɣ kʊɖʊmaɣ ŋga. Kpɩtaʊ kʊɖumʊʊ wayɩ lɛ, pʊtɔbʊʊ se hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ 14 pɩnaɣ 2011 lɛ, paɣtʊ lɩzɩyaa ñʊʊtʊ weyi payaɣ se Joseph Deiss yɔ, ɛyɔɔdɩ kaɣlaa se Suudaanɩ Hadɛ Kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩkɛ ɛjaɖɛ 193 ñɩnɖɛ kɛ kedeŋa kpeekpe ajɛya kɩkpɛndɩɣ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se ONU ŋgbeye yɔ.


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Taakarɩ
Taakarɩ kɛnɛ Senegali ɛjaɖe taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ ndʊ tɛt-taa komina tʊma sʊsɔna wɛɛ yɔ nɛ peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ palakɩ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-tɛ politiki kediizasɩ sɔsɔsɩ payɩ.Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-walanzɩ taa makɩɣna kilomɛtanaaagbaba 83. Pɩnaɣ 2011 lɛ, pakalɩ ɛyaa kpeekpe kɛ Taakarɩ tɛtʊ tunɛ tɩ-taa lɛ, pɛkpɛndɩ ɛyaa miloyɔɔna 3 215255.
Ɖooo Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ kaawɛɛ nɛ ɖɩkpacayʊʊ Afrika wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa ajɛya lɛ, Taakarɩ tɛtʊ Fransɩɩ mba kaalɩza se tɩkɛna tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa palakɩ ketiizasi sʊzɔtʊ yɔ. Pɩtɛ alɩwaatʊ taa, pɩnaɣ 1970 paakalɩ kɩgalʊ lɛ ɛyaa kaakpɛnda kutokiŋ 400 000. Mbʊ pɩlaba nɛ ɛyaa pazɩ pohuu kpem yɔ mbʊ lɛ se kacalaɣ taa lɛ, ɛyaa lʊlʊʊ nɛ nabʊlɛ taa lɛ se ɛyaa evebiya nɛ pɛlaa pakʊyʊ ageeta ndɩ ndɩ taa nɛ pʊŋ taa nɛ powoki Taakarɩ tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-taa se paahiu tʊma nɛ pala.
Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩcɔ Taakarɩ ñɩndʊ nɛ tɩta yɔ ndʊ yɔ: hadɛ kiŋ lɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ lɩm cɔ-tʊ nɛ pɩta nɛ payaɣ-tʊ se Goree yɔ ndʊ wɛna, hayʊ kiŋ lɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ lɩm cɔ-tʊ nɛ pɩtaa ɖɔɖɔ nɛ payaɣ-tʊ se Ŋgori yɔ piyele nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa lɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ lɩm cɔ-tʊ pɩta ɖɔɖɔ nɛ payaɣ-tʊ se Madelɛnɩ yɔ ndʊ ñɛwɛna kamaɣ yɔɔ.
Taakarɩ nɛ ajɛyaa nayɛ taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ natʊyʊ paɖʊ taabalɩyɛ nɛ palakɩ tʊma se pɛ-tɛtʊ ɛɖɛ nɛ ɛsɩnda. Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa kɔyɔ: Yerusalɛm nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa tɛtʊ, Pakʊ (Azɛrbayɩjanɩ), Pamako (Maalii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ, ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1974), Panzuli ([[Kambii (Gambie)|Kambii), Pisawo (Kinee-Pisaʋ), Pɩrazaviili (Koŋgo), Kazabalnka (Marɔkɩ), Tuwala (Kameruni), Kinsasa (Koŋgo Temokiratiki ɛjaɖɛ), Marisɛyɩ (Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1978)Milanɩ (Itali), Oranɩ (Alizeeri), Niyame (Nizɛrɩ) Pirayiya (Kapʊ-Vɛrɩ), Sifakɩsɩ (Tunizi, ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1965), Tɛpeyi (Tayiwani).


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Ɖoŋ
Mbʊ payaɣ se ɖoŋ nɛ payaɣna fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa se « force » yɔ, pʊwɛna tɔbʊʊ lɩzʊʊ ndɩ ndɩ. Ɛyʊ tomnaɣ taa ɖoŋ wɛɛ. Ɖoŋ ɛnʊ payaɣ ɖɔɖɔ se hoɖe. Mbʊ payaɣna fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa se « athlétisme », pʊbʊ ɖoŋ ñɛwɛɛ. Pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se tomnaɣ taa ɖoŋ wɛ tam nabʊlɛ taa. Ɖoŋ kakasɩɩ wɛɛ nɛ lɛɣtʊ ɖoŋ ñɛwɛɛ.
Ɛyʊ weyi ɛwɛna ɖoŋ kakasɩɩ ɛpɩzɩɣ eseɣ kaaʊ ŋgʊ lalaa ɛɛpɩzɩɣ peseɣ-kʊ yɔ. Ɛpɩzɩzɩɣ ɖɔɖɔ ɛma wonuu ɖoŋ ñɩŋgʊ nakʊyʊ nɛ kʊkʊ pɛlɩ. Ɖooo petewaɣ aleewa lɛ, evebu weyi pɩha-ɩ ɖoŋ kakasɩɩ yɔ, ɛpɩzɩɣ e-ɖeke ɛhɔ ɛyaa naadozo yaa naanza nɛ ewoŋna ɛ-yɔɔ kiŋ. Tɛʊ sɔsɔʊ nakʊyʊ ɛnɩna heelim sɔsɔm nabʊyʊ nɛ tɩŋ kpɛzɩ nɛ ɛtɔlɩ yɔ, tɛʊ feŋ lɛ, ɛyaa mba Ɛsɔ ha-wɛ tomnaɣ taa ɖoŋ kakasɩɩ yɔ, mbaa payaɣ nɛ powolo pakʊsɩ tɩŋ weyi ɛlɛ tɔlaa nɛ ɛkaɣ nʊmɔŋ taa yɔ.
Nɔɔyʊ pɩzɩɣ ɛwɛɛna tomnaɣ taa ɖoŋ kakasɩɩ, ɛlɛ, ɛɛpɩzɩɣ nabʊyʊ labʊ. Pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se ɛ-mɔɔyɛ wɛna ɖoŋ, ɛlɛ ɛɛsɩŋ ɛzɩma ɛlabɩna ɛ-mɔɔyɛ ɖoŋ ɛnɩ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ yɔ. Nɔɔyʊ ñapɩzɩɣ ɛwɛɛna ɖoŋ se ɛɖɔkɩ ɛ-tɩ paa wɩzasɩ nzɩ sɩ-taa. Ɖoŋ weyi eyeki se ɛyʊ ɛpɩzɩ ɛɖɔkɩ ɛ-tɩ wɩzasɩ yaa tʊmɩyɛ ɖoŋ ñɩnɖɛ naɖɩyɛ taa yɔ, payaɣ ɖɔɖɔ se abalɩtʊ. Ɖɩkpaɣ ɛzɩ mbʊ payana fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa se « athlétism » kɔyɔ, ɖɩnaɣ kaɣlaa. Ɛyaa kpakɩɣ seɣa nɛ Kayaɣ halɩ pɔkɔɔ patalɩ Kɩgbafrʊ (Bafilo) paahɛzɩɣ. Pɩnɩɣ-wɛ, ɛlɛ, pɔɖɔkʊʊ pa-tɩ. Nabɛyɛ lɛ, cɛɛcɛnaa pasaɣ, kpaɣ cɩnɛ nɛ ŋwolo ŋtalɩ Kpalɩma, paasɩŋɩɣ ɖoli se pɛhɛzɩ.
Ɖoŋ nɩɩyɛ ñɛwɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ nɛ payaɣ-ɩ se kalɩzaɣ taa ɖoŋ. Ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ tomnaɣ taa ɖoŋ yɔ, pɩtɛkɛ ɛyaa tɩŋa Ɛsɔ ha kalɩzaɣ taa ɖoŋ ɛnɩ. Kalɩzaɣ taa ɖoŋ wakɩna eleeu. Pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se yee nɔɔyʊ ɛwɛna kalɩzaɣ taa ɖoŋ kɔyɔ, eleeu ɛɛpɩzɩɣ ɛlabɩ-ɩ ɛzaɣtʊ natʊyʊ kaʊ. Ɖɩcɔna ɖa-Kɩpaɣlʊ Yeesu-Krɩstʊ lakasɩ yaa e-wezuu caɣʊ tɩŋa yɔ, ɖɩnaɣ kalɩzaɣ taa ɖoŋ wazaɣ.


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Senegaalɩ
Seneegaalɩ kɛna Afrika nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ ajɛya ; wena acɔ-ɖɩ nɛ ata yɔ ana yɔ : ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩhayi kiŋ ŋe ɖɩ-wɩsɩ ɖilɩyɛ taa ɖɔɖɔ lɛ Moritaanii nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa lɛ Atɩlantiki Lɩŋgamʊʊ piyele nɛ hadɛ kiŋ lɛ, Maalii, Kinee Konakrii nɛ Kinee Pɩsaʊ.
Pɔɔ ŋga payaɣ se Kambii yɔ ka-lɩm kpeŋ Senegalɩ tɛtʊ taa. Payaʊ se Senegaalɩ yɔ, pɩlɩna pɔɔ sɔsɔwa ŋga kekpeŋ peeɖe nɛ payaɣ-kɛ se Senegaalɩ Pɔɔ yɔ nɛ pɔɔ kanɛ kakpakɩɣ nɛ Kinee pʊʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ se Futa-Jalɔŋ yɔ kɩ-taa. Peeɖe lʊŋgɩyɛ nɛ yolim pɛtɛyɩ ɖama.
Senegaalɩ wɛ Afrika ajɛya kɩkpɛndɩɣ ŋgbɛyɛ nɛ tɔsʊʊ hʊʊ nɛ liidiya kɩkpɛndɩɣ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se CEDEAO yɔ ɖɩ-taa. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩwɛ ɖɔɖɔ Afrika ajɛya kɩkpɛndɩɣ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ ɖɩɖɩ se UA yɔ ɖɩ-taa ɖɔɖɔ, pɩtasɩna kedeŋa kpeekpe ajɛya wena akpɛnda nɛ ayɔɔdɩɣ faransɩɩ nɛ payaɣ se Frankofonii a-ŋbgɛyɛ taa.
Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-ñʊʊtʊ kɩfalʊ payaɣ se Mackɩ Sall nɛ palɩza-ɩ ɖooo ɖomaɣ fenaɣ naalɛ pɩnaɣ 2012 taa.