text:
Kɛntuukii
Kɛntuukii kɛna Etaazunii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ cikpetʊ natʊyʊ. Nɛ Etazuunii ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ ajɛya cikpena naayɛ nɩɩnɩwa kpɛndɩna nɛ aɖʊ nɔɔ nɛ awɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ taa kpaɩ. Etaazunii tɔbʊʊ nɛ kabɩyɛ taa se ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ.
Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩcɔ ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ nɛ tɩta yɔ ndʊ yɔ: Wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ Firziinii, wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa kiŋ lɛ Misuurii ; piyele nɛ hayʊ kiŋ lɛ Ilnuwa, Ɛndiyaanaa nɛ Ohiyo. Louisville Kɛntuukii taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Frankfɔrtɩ nɛ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ yɔ ndʊ lɛ Luwiivil.
Pamaza Kɛntuukii ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ taa lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ 104 749 km2 nɛ ɖenɖe tɛtʊ ñabɩ wɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 102 989 km2 yɔ nɛ ɖenɖe lɩm ñɛwɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe ñɛwɛʊ ɛzɩ 1 760 km2 yɔ pʊtɔbʊʊ se pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 1,7 yɔ kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ. Ɛjaɖ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩkɛŋna 45 ñɩnɖɛ ɛyaa ɖɔʊ taa kɛ Etazuunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ kpeekpe taa.
Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɖɩ kɛŋna ɛjaɖɛ 15 ñɩnɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩsʊ Etaazunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊɣ ŋgbɛyɛ taa yɔ. Ɛlɛ pɩɩkɛ mɩsɩkʊm fenaɣ kɩyakʊ kacalaɣ ŋgʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 1792. Pɩnaɣ 2010 taa paakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ paana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 4 339 667 yɔ.
Payaɣ Kɛntuukii ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-ñʊʊdʊ se Matt Bevin (R) piyele nɛ komina ñʊndinaa kɔyɔ: Mitch McConnell (R) nɛ Rand Paul (R).
Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, ŋgʊ lɛ yɔ Eŋgilisi ɛlɛ siŋŋŋ taa lɛ.


c: text/html

text:
Ski
Ski kɛ aleɣya wena ɛyʋ tuu ɖombe naataŋgbala yɔɔ kutuu yɔ. Naataŋgbala wena etuu a-yɔɔ yɔ, a-tɛɛ nɛ ketu pɔpɔɖɛ lʋʋ lʋʋ nɛ pɩmakɩɣna weyi ɛlakɩ-yɛ nɛ aleɣya yɔ ɛ-nataŋ ɖalakɩŋ. Ɖooo lɔŋ pasɩma aleɣya anɛ yɔ a-labʋ.
Pɩtɛkɛ paa le palakɩ aleɣya anɛ yɔ. Papazɩ aleɣya anɛ yɔ labʋ anasaayɩ waa tɛ kiŋ pʋŋ n̄ɔŋ taa kpaɖʋʋ 19 n̄ɩŋgʋ taa ɖomba ɖɩwɛyɛ ɖɩwɛyɛ. Nɛ pʋpɔzʋʋ se lɩm ɛtɔyɩ lona ana a-taa. Ski amʋʋza anɛ yɔ, papɩzɩɣ ɖɔɖɔ palabɩ-yɛ lona wena wena a-yɔɔ tuu yɔ a-taa nɛ lona ana, awɛ camɩyɛ, yee lɩm yɔɔ pɔtɔŋ se nɔtiki yɔɔ tuu. Pɩpɩzɩɣ pɩkɛ kaaʋ yɔɔ yaa loniye nɖɩ ɖɩwɛ kpilaa se papɩzɩɣ pepilimi ɖɩ-yɔɔ yɔ. Ski amʋʋza anɛ yɔ, papazɩ-yɛ labʋ ɖooo lɔŋ. Pakpaɣ-yɛ ɛzɩ wazaɣ pʋyʋ siŋŋ yɔ ɛyʋ weziu caɣʋ taa. Asɩɣna ɛyʋ size ewolo ɖenɖe ɛsɔɔlaa yɔ, ɛtaaɖɔ kʋɖɔm yaa ɛtaasʋʋ lɔɔɖɩyɛ yaa ɛcaɣ kpokpo. Ɛyʋ weyi etuu mbʋ yɔ, ɛpɩzɩɣ ɛɖɔkɩ pʋyʋ yaa etuu pʋyʋ nɛ ewona ɖoli. Amʋʋza anɛ yɔ atɔya lɛɛlɛɛyɔ yem ajɛɛ sakɩyɛ taa.

robotstxt: allowed

filter: keep


text:
Alfred Nobel
Alfred Bernhard Nobel kɛ Sʊyɛdɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa tʋ. Ɛkɛ abalʋ tandʋʋ tʋ. Palʋla ɖajaa ɛnɛ aloma fenaɣ kɩyakʋ hiŋ naalɛ nɛ kʋɖʋmʋʋ (21) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye,pɩnaɣ 1833 n̄ɩŋga taa.
Sʋyɛdɩ (suède) ɛjaɖɛ taa peeɖe palʋla-ɩ saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ hiu (10) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1896 n̄ɩŋga taa. Itaalii ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʋ cikpetu ndʋ payaɣ tʋ size San Remo yɔ tɩ-taa ɖajaa Bernhard ɛnɛ ɛsɩba ɛ-pɩnzɩ hiŋ loɖo nɛ naadozo (63) ñɩnzɩ taa.
Ɖajaa Alfred Bernhard kɛ kpɛlɛ tʋmɩyɛ laɖʋ ɛtɛ ɛkɛ hɔzɩŋ luɖu.
Sɔsɔ Alfred Nobel lubina tɩm mbʋ payaɣna anasaayɩ kʋnʋŋ taa se 'dynamite' yɔ. Ɖajaa Alfred Nobel wɛna hɔzɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ nɛ tɩm ndɩ ndɩ wondu ɖuluɖe kuduyuu sɔsɔʋ nɛ payaɣ-kʋ se 'Bofors'.
Ɛtɛ cee tɔm takayaɣ taa lɛ, ɛmaa size, ɛ-n̄ɩm tɩŋɛ payɩ lɛ, pakpaɣ nɛ palɩzɩna samtʋ yaa nimiye mʋʋ takayasɩ. Ɖajaa Alfred Nobel kɛ samtʋ takayɩsɩ mayʋ. Ɛ-samtʋ nɛ ɛ-hɩɖɛ ɖʋʋ yɔɔ yɔ, pakpaɣ ɛ-hɩɖɛ 'Nobel' nɛ payaa se kpɛlɛ kpɛlɛkʋʋ ɖaɣ.
Ɖajaa Alfred Bernhard Nobel kɛ pɩɣa naadozo ñɩŋga ɛ-caa lʋlʋʋ taa. Ɛ-caa payaɣ size Immanuel Nobel, nɛ e-ɖoo kɛlɛ ɖoɖoo Andriette Ahlsell Nobel. Ɛ-ɖalʋ lɛ Ludvig Nobel.


text:
Payɛ
Payɛ kɛ ɛtyʋ tɩ ciɣduu. Ɛyʋ tomnaɣ yaa ɛ-yɔɔ pilinzi ciɣduu lakɩ nɛ pɩcɔlɩ minziiki mabʋ taa. Ɖɩpɩzɩɣ ɖɩkpaɣ ɛzɩ-ɩ peteu hendu yɔ taa yaa pamakʋ soo ndɩ ndɩ yɔ taa kɛ pɩlakɩ ɛyʋ size ɛpaɣ. Paʋ taa peɖe kɛ eciɣduu e-tomnaɣ.
Patʋ wɛ ndɩ ndɩ pɩlɩɩna soo mabʋ ɖeɖe yaa hendu teu taa mbɩ yɔ. Soo mabʋ wɛ ndɩ ndɩ nɛ mbʋ ɖɔɖɔ hendu ndʋ peteu yɔ, tɛwɛ ɖɔɖɔ ndɩ ndɩ. Mbʋ yebina nɛ patʋ wɛ ɖɔɖɔ ndɩ ndɩ pɩlɩɩna soo mabʋ nɛ hendu pɛkpɛndʋ taa.
Payɛ kɛna ɖɔɖɔ, ciɣduu kpɛm, pʋtɔbʋʋ size, ɛyʋ weyi ɛwɛ ɛpaɣ yɔ, ŋna-ɩ kɔ yɔ ŋna size e-tomnaɣ tɩŋkɛ woki kpɛm kɛ hɔlʋʋ kʋɖʋmʋʋ yaa hɔlɩŋ tɩŋkɛ yɔɔ. Alɩwaatʋ tɩŋkɛ taa ɖɔɖɔ mbɩ yɔ, payʋ pɩzɩɣ eciɣdi e-tomnaɣ pilinzi ɖɔɖɔ.
Yendu ndʋ pɛwɛ peteu tʋ yɔ ndʋ pewelesuu nɛ papaɣ yaa soo wena pɛwɛ pamakɩ yɛ yɔ, ana panɩʋ nɛ papaɣ ɖɔɖɔ. Ɛyaa com yaa sakɩyɛ payɛ wɛ nɛ payaɣ ɖɩ nɛ Fransɩ kʋnʋŋ taa size ballet. Anasaayɩ sɔnzɩ yaa wazasɩ payɛ wɛ ɖɔɖɔ.
Ɛyʋ pɩzɩʋ eciɣduu e-tomnaɣ pilinzi yem alɩwaatʋ ndʋ ɛsaŋ Ɛsɔ yɔ yaa ɛsiŋkʋ kumoɖe naɖɩyɛ tɛɛ lɛ mbɩ yɔ. Pɩkɛna ɖɔɖɔ payɛ. Pɩtɛ ɛyʋ ɛnʋ ŋnɩʋ eteu yendu natʋyʋ, ŋnɩʋ soo nayɛ taŋ. Pɩkɛna kaayɔɔdaɣ maɣzɩtʋ payɛ yaa kaayɔɔdʋtʋ tɛ maɣzɩm payɛ. Payɛ kɛna aleɣya yaa taɣ leleŋ pɩyʋ.
Kaayɔɔdʋtʋ maɣzɩm payɛ kɛ Aazii ɛjaɖɛ samaɣ kɩlɩʋ paʋ. Paya nabʋyʋ taa papayɛ naɖɩɩ size sɩɣgbelasɩ saɣʋʋ payɛ. Sɩɣgbelasɩ saɣyaa nɛ koosi maɖaa nabɛyɛ nɩ yatʋ siŋŋ kɛ payɛ yaa patʋ hɔɔlʋʋ taa.
Pataɣ nabɛyɛ hɩla kɔ yɔ : ɖajaa sɔsɔ Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux pɩlɩɩna payɛ nɖɩ paya ɖɩ nɛ Fransɩɩ kʋnʋŋ taa size Opéra Garnier kɛ Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ tɛ tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ ndʋ payatʋ size Paarii yɔ tɩ-taa.


text:
Togo
Togo kɛ tɛtʊ natʊyʊ, tɩɖaɣlɩ lɔɔɔ nɛ payaɣ-tʊ se Togo ɛjaɖɛ. Ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩwɛ Afrɩka wɩsɩɖɩɖʊyɛ taa. Ɖimʊ ɖɩ-tɩyɔɔwɛʊ kɛ ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 27 wiye pɩnaɣ 1960. Pɩnaɣ 2010 taa pakalɩ Togo kpeekpe samaɣ lɛ, pɛkpɛndɩ miliyɔɔwaa loɖo. Pakalɩ ɛyaa ɛzɩ kilomɛtakakɩ taa kɔyɔ, pɛwɛ ɛzɩ 95kɛ mbʊ yɔ.
Afrika ajɛya kpeekpe taa lɛ, Togo wɛ ajɛya wona adakɩlɩ walʋʋ yɔ a-taa. Kɩ-tɛ walanzɩ taa makɩɣna ɛzɩ 52785 km2 yɔ nɛ kɩ-ɖaɣlakɩŋ taa maɣna ɛzɩ kilomɛtanaa 700 yɔ. Kɩ-toboyuu tɛɖɛɛ kilomɛtanaa mɩnʋʊ yɔɔ. Hayu kiŋ lɛ, Togo ɛjaɖɛ sɩna kamaɣ nɛ Purkina Fasoo, hadɛ kiŋ lɛ teŋgu pɩsɩɩna wɩsɩɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ Togo nɛ Peenɛɛ pasɩnɩna ɖama'a kamaɣ. Piyele nɛ wɩsɩɖɩɖʊyɛ taa lɛ, Kana ɛjaɖɛ kɛ pɩsɩnaa.
Paa Togo tɛtʊ ɛtawalɩ wammm kɔyɔ, kedeŋga kpeekpe sɩma mbʊ se Togo ɛjaɖɛ wɛna ñɩm mbʊ ajɛya naayɛ tatɩɩ wɛnaʊ paaa nñɩɩɩ yɔ. Togo wɛna teŋgu ŋgʊ kiliŋga pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ yɔɔdʊ yɔ. Pɩtasɩ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, teŋgu ŋgʊ kɩ-nɔɔ kpɛɛɛ lɛ kañɩŋga kɩbaŋga wɛɛ nɛ pɔsɔ anasayɩkpaakpa pɩfɛyɩ yɔɔdʊ. Togo taa pʋŋ nɛ pɩyasɩ pɛwɛɛ. Fɛɛŋ nɛ kadanzɩ pɛwɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ. Togo nɛ ki-hayu kiŋ lɛ, teliŋ wɛ paale. Togo taa kʊnʊmɩŋ weyi pɔyɔɔdʊ yɔ ɩɖɔɔ.
Togo ɛjaɖɛ wɛ Afrika wɩsɩɖɩɖʋyɛ taa kɩgaʊ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩcɔŋna tɔsʋʋ ɛsɩnda wobu tʊmɩyɛ yɔɔ nɛ payaɣ-ɖɩ se CEDEAO yɔ ɖɩ-taa.
Kɩɖaʋ hendu: ɖɔ-cɔzɔnaa tɛtʋ[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Pɩnaɣ 1960, ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ 27 ñɩŋgʋ wiye, Togo laba sɔnzɩ nɛ ajɛya kpeekpe nɩɩ se kɩwɛ kɩ-dɩ yɔɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ wenɖi ɖɩwɛ ɖɩ-dɩ yɔɔ yɔ, ɖɩwɛna kɩɖaʋ wondu natʋyʋ nɛ ɖɩ nɛ naɖɩyɛ patakaa wondu tʋndʋ : kɩɖaʋ kɛdɛɛka, kɩɖaʋ hendu nɛ kɩɖaʋ tɔmʋʋ. Ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ 27 ñɩŋgʋ wiye pɩnaɣ 1960, pɩlaba pɩnzɩ 54 yɔ, pete Togo kɩɖaʋ hendu fransɩɩ taa nɛ ahʋna taa. Pɩ́sɩɩna sɔnɔ yɔ, tɩfɛyɩ ɖɔɖɔ yɔɔdaɣ nakɛyɛ taa nɛ pɩtasɩ.
Pʋyɔɔ malaba lɩmaɣza nɛ malɩzɩ-tʋ nɛ kabɩyɛ taa. Ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ 28 ñɩŋgʋ wiye pɩnaɣ 2012, mente-tʋ nɛ pɩnɩɩ Togo kpeekpe se pɩkpaɣʋna mbʋyɔ yɔ, paa anɩ, ɛpɩzɩɣ ɛkpɛlɛkɩ nɛ étee hendu tʋndʋ nɛ kabɩyɛ taa. Ɛkpaɣ-tʋ ɛcɛlɛ Kabɩyɛ Akademii se kʋcɔna kɩna se ɛlɩzʋʋ nɛ kabɩyɛ taa yɔ, pɩmaɣaa. Kabɩyɛ Akademii na, kɩtɛzɩ ñɔɔzʋʋ nɛ pɩcaɣ camɩyɛ.
Tindimiye 1 Ɖɩsɛɣ-ŋ ɖeu, ɖɔ-Cɔzɔnaa Tɛtʋ Ñɔ-yɔɔ paawɛ ɖoŋ, Hɛzɩyɛ’n’ Laŋhʋlʋmɩyɛ taa Ɖɩkandɩ kɩbandʋ nɛ abal’tʋ Pɔ-yɔɔ nɛ pɩtal’na ɖɛ-sɛyɩnaa Ɛyaanuutiyaa ɛɛkpaɣ-ŋ sɔɔndʋ Pɛɛyɛɛlila kam ña-laŋgɩyɛ taa Togo kʋyɩ ŋsɩŋ, Ɖʋlʋkɩ ñɔ-yɔɔ kaalɛyɩtʋ Paa ɖɩwaba yaa ɖɩdawa Ñɔ-yɔɔ ɖɩsɩkɩ sɩm kiya ‘Sɔ sɔsɔ ñe-ɖ’ke ŋseɣtiɣna-ɖʋ Se Togo ewobina ɛsɩndaa Togobɩɣa kɔɔ nɛ ɖɩma ɖɛ-ɛjaɖɛ
Tindimiye 2 Nɔɔkʋɖʋmaɣ taa ɖɩlakɩ ña-tʋmɩyɛ Mbʋ kɛna ɖɔ-sɔɔlɩm, Ɖɔ-sɔɔlɩm kɩkɩlɩm Ɖɩkpalɩ kubuka nɛ ɖʋtɔ ɖa-kɩɖaʋtɔmʋʋ Nabʋyʋ ɛɛpɩzɩɣ pɩcamɩ-kʋ Ɖe-ɖeke ɖ’kɛna ño-koboyaɣ Nɛ ñɛ-ɛsɩndaawobuyɔɔkandɩyaa Ɖɩcɛkɩ, paa le, P’daaladanwaañɩŋgbasɩ Ɖuɖukina Ɛsɔ Ɖɩwɛ ña-‘ayɩ paa ɖooye kpam Ɖɩsɔɔla-ŋ, ɖɩkpaɣ ɖa-tɩ ɖɩcɛlɛ-ŋ Nɛ ɖʋlʋkɩ ñɔ-yɔɔ kaahɛzaɣ se Togo, ŋɖe, nɛ ŋkɛ k’deŋga ñɩɣlɩm
Tindimiye 3 Sɛɛ ɖeu, sɛɛ ɖeu, kedeŋga kpeekpe, ɖɩsɛ-ŋ Ɖa-tɩŋgɛ ɖɩñaɣ pana Tʋmɩyɛ kɩbaɣlɩyɛ yɔɔ Nɖɩ Ɛyʋ Camɩyɛwɛt’ Kɩvatʋ Kaɣ ɖ’-cɔlɔ lɩnaʋ yɔ. Ɖenɖe kʋñɔndʋtʋ ɛwɛɛ lɛ, Ɖɩkɔna koboyaɣ maatɛŋ Ɖamamɔɔnseɣu Ɛɛdaatasɩ wɛʋ ‘jaɖɛ yɔɔ Yomiye nɛ pakpan’ɖoŋ Pɔ-tɔm tɛm’lɛɛlɛɛyɔ Tɩyɔɔwɛʋ tɩɩŋga ɛñɩlɩsaa’lɛ Ɖɩtɔzɩ ajɛya hɛkʋdaa Ɖamasɩnaʋ nɛ koobiye pɔ-tɔm yɔɔ.
Histoire[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Époque coloniale[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Togo caanaʊ tɔm ñɔ lila sɩŋŋŋ kɛ kɩ-kpacayʊʊ taa. Portugal calɩna Togo ɛjaɖɛ kpacaʊ ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1883 pʊcɔ nɛ Caama ñɩma kɔɔ nɛ pɩwayɩ lɛ Fransɩ mba paazɩ-kʊ kpacaʊ pɩnaɣ 1919 nɛ pʊcɔ nɛ pɩnaɣ 1960 lɛ kɩwɛɛ kɩ-tɩ yɔɔ.
Ntʊ tɩɩtɛma labʊ ɖooo caanaʊ taa yɔ
Ñɩnɩyaa ñɩnaa nɛ pana se Togo tɛkɛ ɛjaɖɛ kɩfaɖɛ. Pana Togo taa kɛ ɖooo caanaʊ taa wondu pɩkɩlɩna nama, nemaa, coka, cʊʊ-ñanzɩ kɩpɩnzɩ. Wondu ndʊ pakɩlɩ-tʊ naʊ Togo nɛ kɩ-hayʊ kɩŋ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, kɩ-hayʊ kɩŋ peeɖe tɛtʊ wɛ ñabɩ nɛ pɩmaɣza wɛʊ putooye.
Nabʊyʊ ɛɛsɩŋna camɩyɛ se pɛkɛdɩna Togo ɛsɛkuliye nɛ ajɛya lɛɛna camɩyɛ. Pañɩna ɖooo ndʊ tɩɩlaba yɔ ɛlɛ nabʊyʊ ɛɛkɩlɩɣ wɩlɩɣ kaɣlaa kɛ mbʊ mbʊ pɩɩlaba yɔ ɛlɛ ndʊ tɩwɛ yɔ ndʊ lɛ se panaa se ɖooo pakpakaɣ ñɩɩtʊ nɛ pɛɖɛʊna-tʊ Kano, Niigeria ɛjaɖɛ taa. Panaa ɖɔɖɔ se pama mɩŋ tɔɔŋ kɛ Baasɛɛ tɛtʊ taa nɛ pohuyuufɛɛrɩ nɛ polukina ñɩɩtʊ ndɩ ndɩ ɛzɩ hakɩŋ, kpacanaa, cɔŋga nɛ tɔŋ-ñɩma.
L’indépendance[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Gnassingbé Eyadema[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Faure Gnassingbé[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Politique[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Subdivisions[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Tɛtɛɛ ñɩm huyuu[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Togo wɛ ajɛya wena a-taa pakɩlɩɣ fɔsfaatɩ huyuu Afrika taa yɔ a-taa. Togo wɛnɩ ɖɔɖɔ tɛtɛɛ ñɩm lɛɛbʊ, ɛzɩ ñɩɣyʊʊ, marbrɩ nɛ somtu.
Togo kewiyaɣ sɔɔlaa se liidiye nɖɩ ɖɩlɩɣnɩ tɛtɛɛ ñɩm pʊnɛ pu-huyuu taa yɔ, pʊwazɩ samaɣ kpeekpe. Mbʊ labɩna nɛ 2009 pɩnaɣ taa, kewiyaɣ la tamaɣ se kasʊʊ ITIE ɛgbɛyɛ taa.
Lakɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 30 ñɩŋgʊ wiye ɖɛ-ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊdʊ kpaɣ paɣtʊ N° 2010-024/PR nɛ tɩtʊlʊʊ ITIE ɛgbɛyɛ tʊmɩyɛ Togo taa nɛ tɩyɔɔdʊʊ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩma pʊwɛɛ se tʊmɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩɖɔ nɛ mba pʊwɛɛ se pɛwɛɛ tʊmɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa yɔ pɔ-tɔm.
ITIE Ñʊndɩnaa kpeɣli pe-kedeɣzaɣ ɖeɖe Aloma fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 19 ñɩŋgʊ wiye 2010 pɩnaɣ taa lɛ petisaa se Togo ɛsʊʊ ITIE taa. Ɛzɩ ɛgbɛyɛ paɣtʊ kɩfatʊ ndʊ tɩpazɩ 2011 pɩnaɣ taa yɔ tɩyɔɔdʊʊ yɔ, paha Togo alɩwaatʊ se kɩñɔɔzɩ kɩ-tɩ nɛ kɩpɩzɩ kʊsʊʊ ITIE ɛgbɛyɛ taa pilim. Alɩwaatʊ ndʊ paha Togo yɔ, tɩtɛŋ Ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 18 ñɩŋgʊ wiye 2013 pɩnaɣ taa.
Ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 12 ñɩŋgʊ wiye 2012 pɩnaɣ taa Togo ɛjaɖɛ lɩzɩ ɖɩ-kajalaɣ ITIE takayaɣ ŋga kɔyɔɔdʊ liidiye nɖɩ tɛtɛɛ ñɩm huyuu tʊma hɛyɩ kewiyaɣ tʊma 2010 pɩnaɣ taa yɔ ɖɩ-tɔm.
Togo ɖɔŋ lɛɛlɛɛyɔ kɩ-tɩ ñɔɔzʊʊ se kɩlɩzɩ kɩ-takayaɣ naalɛ ñɩŋga ŋga kɔyɔɔdʊʊ liidiye nɖɩ kaɖasɩm tʊma, ñɩɣyɩŋ tʊma, lɩm tʊma nɛ nɩɣlɩm pɛdʊʊ tʊma hɛyɩ kewiyaɣ tʊma 2011 pɩnaɣ taa yɔ ɖɩ-tɔm. Pʊyɔɔ yɔɔ pama takayaɣ kanɛ. Agbaɣdaa aseɣɖe lɩzɩyʊ weyi Togo kewiyaɣ lɩzɩ-ɩ se ɛma takayaɣ kanɛ yɔ, ewilaa nɛ ɛna liidiye nɖɩ tɛtɛɛ ñɩm huyuu tʊma tɔm se ahɛyɩ kewiyaɣ tʊma yɔ nɛ nɖɩ kewiyaɣ tʊma ñetisaa se amʊ tɛtɛɛ ñɩm huyuu tʊma cɔlɔ yɔ. Tʊmɩyɛ ɖɩnɛ, ɛlabɩ-ɖɩ ɛzɩ ITIE paɣtʊ 10 ñɩndʊ pɔzʊʊ yɔ.
Démographie[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Ethnies[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Baasɛɛ mba, Tamberma mba nɛ Kabɩyɛ mba kacakaɣ pʊŋ taa pʊŋ taa. Nabɛyɛ yɔɔdɩɣ size palɩna Afrɩka ajɛya lɛɛna taa nɛ pɩɩkɛna alɩwaatʊ ndʊ anasayɩ kɔma nɛ ɛyakɩ ɛyaa nɛ ɛɖɛʊna tuuɖe taa nɛ ɛlakɩ-wɛ yoma yɔ. Ɛyakaɣ-wɛ nɛ sikiɖi, taba, fɩŋfɩŋnaa yaa malifanaa. Tada laɖaa mba pɔyɔɔdaɣ haoussa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, pɔkɔma ɖɔɖɔ nɛ pacaɣ Togo taa nɛ halɩ pakpaɣ tɛtʊ natʊyʊ natʊyʊ ɛzɩ Sansanen Mango, pʊtɔbʊʊ se maŋgʊnaa ɖeɖe yaa Gerin Kouka, pʊtɔbʊʊ kɛlɛ se teliŋ tɛtʊ. Pɩtasɩ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, Togo nɛ kɩ-hadɛ tɛtʊ kɩpɩndʊ natʊyʊ kpaɣ Haoussa mba hɩɖɛ: Ba Guida, pʊtɔbʊʊ kɛlɛ se ɛyaa fɛyɩ peeɖe.
Togo nɛ kɩ-hayʊ kɩŋ lɛ, papɩsa Gourma waa kɛ malɩŋ ppɩkazɩ nɛ Kotokoli mba ñacaɣ Sokoɖɛyɩ; nɛ Tyokosɩ mba yele pacaɣ Mangʊ tɛtʊ taa. Ɖahʊma mba mba yaɣ se Bariba waa yɔ pana mba palɩna Kana nɛ papaa lɛ Ashantɩ waa yɔ, pɔɖɔna caɣʊ Togo taa hɔɔlɩŋ hɔɔlɩŋ.
Mba mba paacaɣ pʊŋ taa mbʊ yɔ, paawɛ ɖɔŋ nɛ koyindu taapɩzɩ-wɛ yem nɛ ɛkʊ-wɛ. Mba papa ñaacaɣ Togo nɛ kɩ-hadɛ kɩŋ yɔ, ɛzɩ ahʊna ñɩma yɔ, palɩna ɖooo Egypti ɖooo pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ XV taa nɛ patɩŋgɩna Nigeria nɛ Ɖamʊma. Ahʊna mba nɛ pe-wiyaʋ Agɔkɔlɩ powolo pacaɣ Tado nɛ pama koloŋga sɔsɔɔ nakɛyɛ se pɩɖaŋ nɛ mba palɩɣna Togo nɛ kɩ-hayʊ kɩŋ yɔ, pataacɛyɩ-wɛ.
Kʋnʋmɩŋ[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Sukulinaa[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]


text:
Ɛsakuliye takayaɣ kɩkalaɣ
Ɛsakuliye takayaɣ kɩkalaɣ (pɩkɛ takayaɣ kɩkalaɣ yaa takayasɩ kɩkalɩsɩ nzɩ papɩzɩɣ pakalɩ-sɩ nee yɔɔ kʊyʊm naalɛ naatozo yɔ) pɩkɛ maɣzɩm tɛ takʊʊ nɛ wiluu tʊmɩyɛ se pɩtɩŋɛ pɩkpɛndɩ nɛ pɩkɛ tɩlɩyɛ tɔm ɛyaa kpeekpe cɔlɔ, nɛ ɖɩcɔna kɔyɔ pɩkɛ kpɛlɛkɩtʊ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ ɛsakuliye tɔm paa weyi ɛ-cɔlɔ.
Pɩkɛ tovonum takayaɣ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ ɖɩkpaɣ-kɛ yɔ kɛtɩtʊ ndɩ ndɩ wɛɛ ka-taa nɛ aseɣɖe tɔm sakɩyɛ wɛɛ ka-taa, nɛ pɩtɩŋɩɣna pɩlɩyɛ naɖɩyɛ yɔɔ yaa taabɩlɩ naa nabɛyɛ yɔɔ nɛ takayaɣ kɩkalɣ kpata naa yɔɔ. Tɔmʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩñɔ alɩwaatʊ kɩfatʊ tʊ nɛ yɔ tɩ-taa kpaɣ ɖooo ɛsakuliye takayaɣ kɩkalaɣ yaa tovonum lɛɣtʊ tɔm kpou, keɖeɣa laɣsɩ nɛ nesi tɛɛ tʊma lɩʊʊ pɩnzɩ 1751 ŋtalɩ 1772 alɩwaatʊ taa.
Keekee taa lɛ, ɛsakuliye takayaɣ kɩkalaɣ wɛ ndɩ nɛ tɔm kpou mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ tɔm kpou taa lɛ ɖɩnaɣ se palɩzɩ tɔmpee tɔmɩŋ nɛ pawɩlɩ paa nɖɩ lɛ ɖɩ ɖɩ-caɣyɛ tɔm loyaɣ taa nɛ paapɩzɩɣ patasɩ cɛtʊʊ ɖɩ-yɔɔ natʊyʊ, ŋgʊ ɛsakuliye takayaɣ kɩkalaɣ yɔ ñɔyɔɔdʊʊ pɩtɩŋa pʊ-tɔm pɩkɔzɩna ɛsakuliye tɔm. Woɖe yɔɔ woɖe yɔɔ lɛ ɖɩnaɣ kpaɣ hɛkʊ taa alɩwaatʊ nɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɖooo canaʊ alɩwaatʊ, Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ ɖɔɖɔ ceu cɔlɩɩ wɛɛ taa mbʊ takayaɣ ŋga kɛkɛ ɛsakuliye takayaɣ, kpɛlɛkɩtʊ pɩyʊ ɖama tamsɩnaʊ pɩyʊ.
Tɔmʊʊ ɛsakuliye takayaɣ kɩkalaɣ lɩna tɔmʊʊ encyclopædia, papɩsɩ-kʊ latɛŋ taa nɛ pɩwɩlɩɣ se pɩkɛ ɖanʊʊ lʊlʊʊ nɛ kɩlɩna Plutarque krɛkɩ tɔmʊʊ taa ἐYkύkλιoς πaιδeίa. Tɔmpiye enkyklios tɔbʊʊ se kɩcɔcɔʊʊ, pʊtʊ weyi ɛcɔʊʊ kpɛyɛɛ ɛzɩ kaapɔɖɛ wɛʊ yɔ, walaa taa lɛ pɩwɛna alɩwaatʊ, pɩwɛɛ ɛyʊ paa weyi cɔlɔ, ŋgʊ tɔmpiye paideía tɔbʊʊ se kpɛlɛkɩtʊ. Tɔmʊʊ ŋgʊ enkyklios paideia kɩtɩŋa kɩ-tɔbʊʊ se tɩlɩyɛ kpeekpe mbʊ pɩkɛ kpɛlɛkɩtʊ tɩŋa yɔ.


text:
Piyaanoo
Piyaanoo kɛna cɩmʊʊ wonuu ŋgʊ pamakɩ-kʊ nɛ petɛɣ liŋ ndɩ ndɩ yɔ nɛ kɩwɛ cɩmɩŋ weyi pamakɩ-ɩ nɛ nimasɩ yɔ ɛ-taa.
Weyi eluba-kʊyɔ, ɛɖʊ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ se ɛñɔɔzʋʋ cɩmɩŋ weyi pamakɩ-ɩ nɛ nimasɩ yem yɔ, pʊyɔɔ kɛ ɛlɩzɑ cɩmʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩwɛ ɛzɩ ñɩɣyʊʊ kɩmabʊʊ yɔ nɛ kɩpɩzɩɣ kɩlɛɣzɩ liŋ skɩyɛ wendu tɛu ytaa. Ñɩɣyʊʊ ŋgʊ pallɩza-kʊ ɖooo pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ hiu nɛ litoozo taa. Payaʊ se piyaanoo yɔ, kʊnʊŋ nakʊyʊ taa kɛlɛ nɛ pʊtɔbʊʊ se ɖɛfɛɛɛ ɛlɛ papɩzɩ ɖɔɖɔ pamabɩ-kʊ ɖɔɖɔ lɔŋ lɔŋ ɛzɩ ɛyʊ sɔɔlʋʋ ɖɔɖɔ yɔ.
Wondu ndʊ ndʊ ɖiteɣ yaa ɖɩnɩɣ yɔ, tɩtɩŋa tɩlɩna piyaanoo taa. Ɛlɛ ɖooo kɩbɩnjaazɩ wondu lɛ, pɔñɔɔzɩ-tʊ ɖɔɖɔ piyaanoo yɔɔ.
Wondu teu taa siŋŋŋ lɛ won-kalɩyʊ kaakalɩɣ lɛ yaa ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ paatisiɣ lɛ, pesidiɣ piyaanoo pɩ-taa nɛ pʊcʊkʊʊ camɩyɛ kʊʊnɩɩɩ. Pɩtɛkɛ nɔɔ-taa ɖeke papɩzɩɣ nɛ pesidina piyaanoo ɛlɛ paa ɛzɩ hamʊʊ tɛɛ cɩmʊʊ yaa paa wondu cɩmʊʊ ŋgʊ pesidiɣna nɛ pɩtasɩɣ wɛʊ leleŋ kamaɣ fɛyɩ.
Wondu teyaa sɔsaa tɩŋna piyaanoo yɔɔ pʊcɔ pɛkɛ mbʊ pɛkɛna yɔ, pʊyɔɔ kɛ pɔtɔŋ se piyaanoo kɛŋna wondu tewu yaa tɩ-wilɩɣ tɛ kacalaɣ lɔnzɩnɖʊ (pédagogue). Mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, kɩwɛ kɛlɛʊ kpɛlɛkɩɣ taa, kɩlɛɣzɩɣ lɩŋ sakɩyɛ, kɩhaɣ hʊnʊm welesɩɣ taa nɛ pawʊ taa, kɩtakɩlɩ liidiya nɛ kɩlakɩ mbʊ kɩ-maɖʊ sɔɔlaa yɔ.


text:
Ɛgandɩyɛ
Anasaayɩ ɛgandɩyɛ kɛna minziiki wonuu ŋgʋ pahʋlʋʋ-kʋ kʋhʋlʋ yɔ. Kwivri kelekele ñɩŋgʋ nɛ lɛɛtɔɔ ñɩɣlɩm wonuu polukina anasaayɩ ɛgandɩyɛ. Ɖɩwɛ hɔzʋʋ tɩyɛ. Anasaayɩ ɛgandɩyɛ ɖaɣlakɩŋ taa maɣna ɛzɩ mɛtɛnaa 1,50 yɔ mbʋ yɔ.
Anasaayɩ agandɛ wena polubina lɛɛtɔɔ ñɩɣlɩm wonuu yɔ, akɩlɩ ɖɔʋ kɛ wena polubina kwivri kekekele ñɩŋgʋ yɔ. Yee ɖɩkpaɣ anasaayɩ agandɛ mɩnʋʋ mbʋ yɔ yɔ, ɖɩnaɣ se poluba agandɛ hiŋ lʋbɛ nɛ lɛɛtɔɔ ñɩɣlɩm wonuu. Pʋcɔ ɛyʋ pɩzɩ ɛhʋlɩ anasaayɩ ɛgandɩyɛ lɛ, pʋpɔzʋʋ se feziŋ ɛtalɩ-ɩ ɖeu. Mbʋ payaɣ se didgeridoo yɔ, mbʋ kɛkɛŋna kajalaɣ ɛgandɩyɛ Ositraalii ɛjaɖɛ taa.
Egipiti ɛjaɖɛ taa pakɩlɩɣ anasaayɩ agandɛ lubu. Papazɩ-yɛ lubu yɔ, pɩlakɩ pɩnzɩ kudokiŋ naadozo mbʋ yɔ.
Paana anasaayɩ aganda naayɛ naalɛ Toutânkhamon pɩlaʋ tɛ kumoɖe taa. Poluba lɛɛɖɛ nɛ sika nɛ lɛɛɖɛ nɛ liidiye ñɩɣyʋʋ.
Anasaayɩ agandɛ wena pahʋlʋʋ Room ɛjaɖɛ taa yɔ, a-hɩla yɔ : cornu, nɛ buccin, nɛ pɩtasɩna lituus.


text:
Teniisi
Teniisi (yaa piyuu paalaɣ) kɛ aleɣya ŋgʋ kɩpɔzʋ kɩmabɩnaʋ yɔ. Kɩmabʋ pɔzʋ se kɩmaɖaa ɛwɛ hɔlʋʋ hɔlʋʋ yee pɛwɛ naalɛ yɔ (peeɖe lɛ payaɣ paleyaɣ ana se yem n̄ɩnaɣ) yaa ɛzɩ maɖaa ɛwɛ nanaaza yɔ pɛdɛyʋ ɖamaɣ hʋlɩŋ naalɛ kɛ naalɛ naalɛ nɛ pama (aleyaɣ ana payaɣ alɛ se nabʋlɛ n̄ɩnaɣ). Teniisi maɖaa wɛna kɩmabɩnaa mba yɔ, palʋ wɛ nɛ nimee kpaʋ yɔ nɛ tibu yɔ yem, nɛ pɩwɛ ɖoŋ ɛzɩ ɛyʋ sɔlʋʋ yɔ. Kɩmabɩnaʋ ŋgʋ, kɩwɔndʋ ndʋ palʋna yɔ tɩpɩzɩɣ tɩwɛ ndɩ ndɩ ɛlɛ, kɩwazɩɣ se pamabɩna paalɩ ketu ndʋ, kɩ-taa nɛ helim ɖo nɛ pataɣ kʋ tɔlɩm.
Kɩ-leyaɣ tʋbʋ kɛlɛ size paalɩ ŋgʋ, lɛlʋ ɛ-mabɩ kʋ lɛ, lɛlʋ ɛtaapɩzɩ nɛ ekitina kʋ kadaɣ kamaɣ taa, pʋtɔbʋ se paalɩ ɛtaalɩna kadaɣ ŋga pamakɩ ka-taa yɔ nɛ ka-waɩ. Nɔɔyʋ ɛmabaɣ nɛ pɩtɛlɛdɩ kadaɣ piyuu kɔyɔ, elesaɣ; weyi ɛmabaɣ nɛ pɩtɔlɩ kadaɣ waɩ yaa ka-kamasɩ waɩ elesaɣ ɖɔɖɔ. Pɩpɔzʋ toɖiye kɛ mabɩtʋ ɖeɖe nɛ pɩcɔ payaŋ se waɖʋ. Kadaɣ kamasɩ nɛ paɣtʋ ndʋ tɩyɔ pɔɖɔŋ nɛ pɩcɔ pamakɩ teniisi aleyaɣ ana yɔ, wɛ ndɩ ndɩ kɛ alɩwatʋ ndʋ naalɛ makɩ yaa nanaaza makɩ lɛ yɔ.


text:
Lada
Ladɩyɛ kɛna abalʊ tɛ abalɩtʊ kpou. Tɛtɛ kpɩna wɛna awɛna lada yɔ, atɩŋa awɛna ladɩyɛ naalɛ. Ladɩyɛ ana, a-taa kɛ abalɩtʊ ndʊ payaɣ se kɩjɛbɛyʊ yɔ, kɩñɔʊ. Pʊtɔbʊʊ se ladɩyɛ ana alʊlʊʊna kɩjɛbɛyʊ. Ɖooo kɩyakɩŋ 42 nɛ 45 taa kɛ mbʊ yɔ, alɩwaatʊ ndʊ ɛyʊ kɛʊ abalʊ lɛ, ɛ-ladɩyɛ taa wɛɣ kɩjɛbɛyʊ kpaagba. Ɛlɛ, kɩjɛbɛyʊ ŋgʊ kɩɩlakɩ tʊmɩyɛ, kɩɩpɩzɩɣ nɛ kʊlʊlɩ pɩɣa.
Abalʊ pɩɣa cɛkɩ lada lɛ, ɛ-tɛ abalɩtʊ ndʊ, tɩpɩzɩɣ tɩlʊlɩ pɩɣa; pɩwɛɛ mbʊ ɛna ɛ-akpadayɩtʊ. Ɛyʊ yaa paa nɛ tɛtɛkpɩna wena akɛ abalaa nɛ awɛna ladɩyɛ yɔ, ladɩyɛ ana awɛna awayɩ. Ɛlɛ lɩm taa kpɩna naayɛ ɖeke wɛŋna ladɩyɛ nɛ a-lotu taa. Abalʊ ladɩyɛ wɛ naalɛ nɛ awɛ ɛ-ladɩyɛ tɛɛ.
Pɩwɛɛ se ladɩyɛ nɛ lotu pataasaa miŋ kɛ kɩmaŋ. Ɛyʊ ladibiye naaʊ mbʊ yɔ, ɖɩ-ɖaalakɩŋ kɛ kpaʊ yɔɔ maɣna ɛzɩ santimɛtanaa naatozo, ɖaalakɩŋ kɩ-toboyuu yɔɔ lɛ, pɩwɛ ɛzɩ santimɛtanaa naalɛ yɔ, piyele liŋguu taa lɛ, pɩwɛsantimɛtanaa kagbaanzɩ. Ladibiye kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ tɛ yʊŋ maɣna kraammnaa nɛɛlɛ.


text:
1Ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ kʋyɑkʋ nɑkʋlɩ Sɑmsɔŋ polɑ Timnɑ, nɑ ɩ́ nɑ́ Filiisi pɛɛlɔ nɔɣɔlʋ nɑ ɩ luɣu sʋʋ-ɩ.
2Ɩ kpemɑ, ɩlɛnɑ ɩ́ heeli ɩ nyǝ́mɑ kɛ ɩ tɔm sɩ: Mɑ nɑwɑ Filiisi pɛɛlɔ nɔɣɔlʋɣʋ Timnɑ, mɑ cɑɑ sɩ ɩ́ cɑɑmɩ-ɩ.
3Mpʋɣʋlɛ ɩ nyǝ́mɑ cɔ-ɩ sɩ: Ɩsɩɩ n tɑ nɑ pɛɛlɔ ntɛ́ nyɑ́ piitim nyǝ́mɑ tɑɑ nɑ nyɑ́ yǝlɑɑ tɑɑ, nɑ ń puki sɩ n cɑɑkɩ Filiisi nyǝ́mɑ mpɑ pɑ tɑ nyɩ Ɩsɔ tɔ? Tǝnɑɣɑlɛ Sɑmsɔŋ sɩ: Ɩnɩ ɩ wɛnnɑ-m teu. Mɩɩ cɑɑmɩ-ɩ te.
4Amɑ ɩ nyǝ́mɑ nɑ́ tɑ́ nyɩ sɩ Tɑcɑɑ niŋ wɛ pǝ tɑɑ sɩ pɑ pǝyɑɣɑ ɩ́ hikinɑ Filiisi nyǝ́mɑ nɑ tǝnɑ. Mpi tɔ, pɛlɛ pɑɑ ŋmɑkǝlɑ Ɩsɛɣɛlɩ nyǝ́mɑ kɛ wɑɑtʋ ɩnǝɣɩ.
5Ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ Sɑmsɔŋ nɑ ɩ nyǝ́mɑ pɑ polɑ Timnɑ, pɑ kɔmɑ nɑ pɑ́ tɑlɑ ɩcɑtɛ nyǝ́mɑ lɛsɛŋ tɩɩŋ tɑwɑ, ɩlɛ tɔɣɔlɑɣɑ kʋfɑlɑɣɑ nyɩɩsɑɑ kɛlɛ nɑ ɩ́ hɛlɩ sɩ ɩ nɑɑkɩ. Ɩlɛnɑ kɑ́ tili ɩ wɑɑlɩ.
6Ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ Tɑcɑɑ Feesuɣu tii Sɑmsɔŋ tɔɔ nɑ ɩ́ kpɑ-kɛ, nɑ ɩ́ cǝlɩ tǝkpɩɩ ɩsɩɩ pinɑɣɑ. Pǝ́cɔ́ ɩ tɔŋɑɣɑ niŋ kpɛtɛ kɛ́. Ɩ tɑ heeli ɩ nyǝ́mɑ kɛ mpi ɩ lɑpɑ tɔ.
7Ɩlɛnɑ ɩ́ polo nɑ ɩ́ nɑ pɛɛlɔ pɑ́ lɑ́ fɑɑci. Pɛɛlɔ ɩnɩ ɩ kɑ wɛ-ɩ teu kɛ́.
8Pǝ lɑpɑ wɛɛ nɑɑlɛ, ɩlɛnɑ Sɑmsɔŋ mǝlǝɣɩ Timnɑ sɩ ɩ kpɑkǝɣɩ ɩ tɑŋ, nɑ ɩ́ hɛlɩ sɩ ɩ nɑɑkɩ tɔɣɔlɑɣɑ ŋkɑ ɩ kɑ kʋwɑ tɔ. Ɩlɛnɑ ɩ́ mɑɣɑnɑ tɩɩŋ sɛsɛkʋ kɛ tɔɣɔlɑɣɑ ŋkɛ kɑ tɑɑ nɑ sɛtɑsɩ.
9Ɩlɛnɑ ɩ́ cosi sɛtɑɣɑ kɛ ɩ niŋ tɑɑ nɑ ɩ́ tɔkɩ nɑ ɩ́ tɛɛkɩ nɑ ɩ́ kɑtɩ ɩ nyǝ́mɑ nɑ ɩ́ hɑ-wɛ nɑ pɑ́ tɔɣɔ. Amɑ ɩ tɑ heeli-wɛ sɩ tɔɣɔlɑɣɑ kʋsǝpɑɣɑ tɑɑ kɛ́ ɩ hikɑ tɩɩŋ ɩnɩ.
10Ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ cɛcɛ polɑ pɛɛlɔ tɛ, nɑ Sɑmsɔŋ lɑ ɑkpɑɣɑlɛ ɑcimɑ kɛ tǝnɑ, ɩsɩɩ ɩfepiyɑ lɑkɩ tɔ.
11Filiisi nyǝ́mɑ nɑ-ɩ, ɩlɛnɑ pɑ́ yɑɑ ɩfepiyɑ kɛ hiu nɑ nɑɑnʋwɑ sɩ pɑ́ nɑ-ɩ pɑ cɑkɩ.
12Mpʋɣʋlɛ Sɑmsɔŋ sɩ: Mɑ sɩɩkɩ-mɛɣɛ ɩsǝsɩɩlɛ. Ye ɩ́ pǝsɑɑ nɑ ɩ́ kpeɣe-tɛɣɛ ɑcimɑ kʋyɛɛŋ nɑɑtosompɔɣɔlɑɣɑ ɩnɛ ɩ tɑɑ, mɑɑ hɑ pɑɑ wei kɛ toko kʋcɑcɑɣɑnɑʋ nɑ ɑcimɑ nyǝŋ.
13Ye pǝ tɑɣɑ mpʋ pɑɑ mǝ tɑɑ wei ɩ kɑ hɑnɑ mɑɣɑ toko kʋcɑcɑɣɑnɑʋ nɑ ɑcimɑ nyǝŋ. Ntɛnɑ pɛlɛ pɑ́ cɔ-ɩ sɩ: Sɩɩ nyɑ́ ɩsǝsɩɩlɛ nɑ tǝ́ nɩɩ.
14Ɩlɛnɑ Sɑmsɔŋ sɩ: Kʋtɔtɔɣɔm lɩɩnɑ tɔɣɔlʋ tɑɑ. Nɑ leleŋ nyǝm lɩɩnɑ toŋ tʋ tɑɑ. Pepeɣelɛ? Hɑlǝnɑ kʋyɛɛŋ tooso siki ɩfepiyɑ tɑ nyǝntɑ kʋcɔcɔtʋ.
15Ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ pɑ tɔmɑ Sɑmsɔŋ ɑlʋ kɛ kʋyɑkʋ liɣiti nyǝŋkʋ wule sɩ: Puɣusi nyɑ́ pɑɑlʋ nɑ ɩ́ heeli-tʋɣʋ kʋkpekpeɣetʋ, tɔfɔ tɩɩ sɔ nyɑ́ nɑ nyɑ́ cɑɑ tǝyɑɣɑ nyǝ́mɑ kɛ kɔkɔ. Pǝ tɑɣɑ ɩ́ yɑɑ-tʋɣʋ sɩ ɩ́ hʋlǝsǝɣɩ-tʋ.
16Kɛlɛnɑ Sɑmsɔŋ ɑlʋ polo ɩ kiŋ nɑ wulɑ nɑ ɩ́ tɔmɩ-ɩ sɩ: Nyɑ́ luɣu tɑ sʋʋ-m. Pǝ́cɔ́ nn tɩɩ cɑɑkɩ-m. Pǝ tɔɔ kɛ́ n sɩɩ mɑ nyǝ́mɑ kɛ ɩsǝsɩɩlɛ nɑ ń tɑ́ heeli-m kʋkpekpeɣetʋ. Mpʋɣʋlɛ Sɑmsɔŋ sɩ: Hɑɩ, pɑɑ mɑ nyǝ́mɑ mɑɣɑmɑɣɑ mɑ tɑ heeli pɛlɛ, kɑcɑŋfɑnɑ nyɑ́ nɑ?
17Mpʋɣʋlɛ ɑlʋ mɩɩsǝnɑ-ɩ nɑ ɩsǝlʋm kɛ ḿpʋ́ɣʋ́ ɑcimɑ kʋyɛɛŋ tǝnɑ. Pǝ nɩɩ-ɩ, ɩlɛnɑ ɩ́ heeli-ɩ kʋyɑkʋ nɑɑtosompɔɣɔlɑɣɑ nyǝŋkʋ wule. Ɩlɛnɑ ɑlʋ nɑ́ɑ́ tɑɣɑsɩ ɩ tɛ ɩfepiyɑ kɛ kpɑkpɑɑ.
18Mpʋɣʋlɛ ɩfepiyɑ polɑɑ nɑ pɑ́ heeli Sɑmsɔŋ kɛ kʋkpekpeɣetʋ nɑ pǝ́cɔ́ ilim tʋ sɩ: Pepe kǝlɑ tɩɩŋ nim kɛ leleŋ? Nɑ pepe kǝlɑ tɔɣɔlɑɣɑ kɛ toŋ? Ɩlɛnɑ ɩ cɔ sɩ: Ye ɩ́ tɑɑ hɑlǝnɑ mɑ ɑlʋ kɛ nɑʋ nyǝm, ɩ́ tɑɑ nyɩ kʋkpekpeɣetʋ ntɩ.
19Tǝnɑɣɑlɛ Tɑcɑɑ Feesuɣu tii Sɑmsɔŋ tɔɔ nɑ ɩ́ tɛɛ Asǝkɑlɔŋ nɑ ɩ́ kʋ ɑpɑlɑɑ hiu nɑ nɑɑnʋwɑ nɑ ɩ́ wɔɣɔsɩ pɑ tokonɑɑ, nɑ pɑ ɑcimɑ wontu, nɑ ɩ́ cɛlɑ mpɑ pɑ kpeɣɑ ɩsǝsɩɩlɛ tɔ. Ɩlɛnɑ ɩ́ mǝlɩ ɩ cɑɑ tɛ nɑ pɑ́ɑ́nɑ́.
20Mpʋɣʋlɛ pɑ hɑ Sɑmsɔŋ ɑlʋ kɛ ɩfepu wei ɩ sǝnɑ Sɑmsɔŋ kɛ ɩ ɑkpɑɣɑlɛ tɑɑ tɔ.


text:
Joseph Staline
Joseph (Iossif) Vissarionovitch Djougachvili (géorgien kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ, იოსებ ბესარიონის ძე ჯუღაშვილი, Iosseb Bessarionis dze Djoughachvili, Rusii kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ, Иocиф BиccapиoHoBич ДжyraшBили), hɩɖɛ ɖɩnɛ pasɩmana-ɩ Joseph Staline (Иocиф CTaлиH) pɩtɩŋna ɛ-tɛ yɛlɩɣ yɔɔ lɛ, paya-ɩ se vojd (pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se ɖiyiyu), yaa ɛyaa samaɣ caa. Palʊla-ɩ saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 18 pɩnaɣ 1878 ɛlɛ, ɛjaɖɛ kewiyaɣ hɩɖɛ taa lɛ, saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 21 pɩnaɣ 1879 Gori (Ruusi Ampiiri taa, nɔɔnɔɔ Géorgie ɛjaɖɛ taa). Ɛsɩ lakɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 5 pɩnaɣ 1953 Moscou, ɛɛkɛ kpɛndɛ ñɩm lɩmaɣzɩyɛ lɛɛzɩyʊ nɛ soviyetiki ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊ tʊ ɛ-tɛ nɛ géorgienne kiŋ.
Ɛɛkɛ takayaɣ mayʊ Soviyetiki kpɛndɛ kewiyaɣ ŋgbɛyɛ taa kpaɣ nɛ pɩnaɣ 1922, e-ɖiya soviyetiki samaɣ kpɛndɛ ñɩm lɩmaɣza tɩnaa ŋgbɛyɛ kɩkpɛndɩyɛ (URSS) kpaɣ nɛ pɩnzɩ 1920 tɛmtʊ alɩwaatʊ taa pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩ ɛ-sɩm. Ɛlaba ñazʊʊ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ tɔm ɛ-maɣmaɣ. Tɔm kɛdɩyaa ha-ɩ kpaɖʊ yɔɔ kpaɖʊ yɔɔ maɣzɩm ndɩ ndɩ nabʊyʊ mbʊ se ɛnʊ tɩna ɛyaa miiliyɔɔwaa naatozo ŋtalɩ nɩɩlɛ tɛ sɩm tɔm.
Pakʊmɩ-ɩ hɩɖɛ se Sosso (Iossef yaa Iosseb tɔm pee yɔɔ patʊwa) ɛ-pɩjatʊ wɛɛ taa, pʊwayi lɛ, peyele payaɣ-ɩ se Koba (géorgien sɔdʊʊ ɛyʊ nɔyʊ tɔmna mbʊ) ɛ-tɛ mɛɛsaɣ tɛɛ politiki kajalaɣ pɩnzɩ taa nɛ ɛ-ɛgbaɣtɩnaa. Pʊwayi ɖɔɖɔ ɛɖaɣnɩ hɩɖɛ sɛʊ se Staline, Ruusi tɔmpiye cTaлb (stal) yɔɔ pama-ɖɩ, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se kaɖaɖa ñɩɣyʊ.
Staline caa, Vissarion Djougachvili, kaakɛ nataŋgbalaa ñɛyɩyʊ nɛ ehiɣ ñɩm camɩyɛ, ɛlɛ ɛkpaɣ ɛ-tɩ nɛ sʊlʊm. Ɛ-tɛ Géorgie nɛ Hayi yɔɔ haɖaa nabɛyɛ taa, Djougha (ɛ-hɩɖɛ lɛ, peeɖe). E-ɖoo Ekaterina Gavrilovna Gueladzé, ñaakɛ tɔɔlɩ ñɛyɩyʊ Ossétie tɛtʊ taa. Krɩstʊ tʊ siŋ, ɛ-walʊ kiza-ɩ, eseɣti ɛ-pɩyalʊ se ɛkɛ fada nɛ ɛɛpɩzɩɣ hɛyʊʊ e-sukuli yɔɔ. Staline evebutu taa, ɛ-ñɩma sʊʊ 10 Gori cɔjɔ naŋ habɩyɛ.
Agoza fenaɣ pɩnaɣ 1907 lɛ ewolo Londre ajɛyɛ samaɣ waɖɛ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ ñʊʊŋ tɩnaa kediizaɣ. Ɛpɩsaɣ lɛ, ɛtɩŋna Caama ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ ɛkatɩ Lénine Leipzig. Ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 7 pɩnaɣ 1908 taa lɛ, pakpa-ɩ Bakou, paɖʊyɩ salaka peeɖe pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩ pɩnaɣ 1908 nɛ pʊwayi lɛ, pɛkɛzɩɣ Vologda egeetiye. Pɩnaɣ 1908, pɛɖɛna-ɩ Solvytchegodsk tɛtʊ taa, pʊnɔʊ taa tomnaɣ yɔɔ takɩŋ takɩŋ kʊɖɔŋ kpayi. Ese lakɩŋ fenaɣ taa pɩnaɣ 1909. Agoza fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 5 pɩnaɣ 1912 pakpa-ɩ Saint-Pétersbourg. Pɛɖɛna-ɩ Sibérie, Narym tɛtʊ taa. Ese peeɖe salaŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 13 nɛ ɛpɩsɩ Moscou.


text:
Ɖoo cɩcɩka
Ɖoo cɩcɩka kɛna alɩwaatʊ taa alɩwaayʊʊ nakʊyʊ. Evemiye taa ɖanaɣ ñɩɩtʊ 12 makɩ lɛ, pɔtɔŋ se ɖoo cɩcɩka yaa ɖoo hɛkʊ taa. Ɛlɛ siŋŋŋ taa lɛ, yee pakpakɩɣ evemiye tɛʊ feŋguu yɔɔ yɔ, evemiye paɣzʊʊna tɛbɩyɛ nɛ ɖoo hɛkʊ tɛŋ lɛ, tɛbɩyɛ ñapaɣzʊʊ nɛ piwolo pɩsɩɩna wɩsɩ ɖʊʊ. Pʊtɔbʊʊ se pɛtɛyɩ evemiye kɛ nabʊlɛ taa: wɩsɩ taa nɛ ɖoo taa nɛ wɩsɩ siki lɛ pɩlaba evemiye tɛyɩ hɛkʊ nɛ hɛkʊ siŋŋŋ kɛlɛ nɛ ɖoo cɩcɩka lɛ, evemiye lɛɛɖɛ paɣzʊʊ siŋŋŋ kɛlɛ. Mbʊ ɖɔɖɔ saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ evemiye 31 wiye ɖoo; cɩcɩka makɩ lɛ, pɩnaɣ kɩfalaɣ paɣzaa ɖɔɖɔ kɛlɛ. Ɛlɛ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ pakɩlʊ kpaɣʊ se ɖoo cɩcɩka yɔ, ndʊ lɛ ñɩɩyʊʊ kpɛɖɛŋgʊ yɔɔ.


text:
Kalɩyɔm
Kalɩyɔm kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 31 nɛ yʊsaɣ ñɩŋa yɔ Ga. Pʊtʊna caɣyɛ pɩlɩɣ kpata taa lɛ, ɛ-tɛ nɛ egbeliye 13 nɖɛ taa nɛ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, ɛ-tɛ ñɩɣlɩm wondu ndʊ tɩfɛyɩ ñɩm yɔ tɩ-tɛ. Ɛ-maɣmaɣ e-tomnaɣ kɛ ñɩɣlɩm pɩyʊ. Ɛjaɖɛ taa ɖeɖe mbʊ ɛpɩzɩɣ se eyoli yɔ lɛ 29,76 °C nɛ mbʊ lɛ paa nɖɔkɛ-ɩ nesi taa kɔyɔ ɛpɩzɩɣ ɛyɔlɩ yem. Pana-ɩ pazɩ pazɩ bɔkɩsɩtɩ taa nɛ zɛŋkɩ ñɩɣlɩm tɛtʊ taa.
Mendeleïev kaayɔɔda ɛ-tɔm ɛlɛ ɛya-ɩ hɩɖɛ se ekaaluminium, pɩnaɣ 1875 palɩ ɛ-yɔɔ, ɛ-hɩɖɛ nɖɩ ɛyʊ weyi ɛñɩna nɛ ɛtɩlɩ-ɩ yɔ hana-ɩ ɖɩ, ɛlɛ yɔ Fransɩɩ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkɩyʊ Paul-Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran. Lɩmaɣzɩyɛ naɖɩyɛ pɩzɩɣ tɔm se hɩɖɛ kalɩyɔm lɩna ɛ-nayʊ cɔlɔ (mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ coq latɛŋ kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ, pɔtɔŋ se gallus), ɛlɛ Lecoq Boisbaudran ñamaba ɛ-laŋɩyɛ taa nɛ ñɔtɔŋ ɛha hɩɖɛ pʊtʊ ɛnʊ Fransɩɩ hɩɖɛ ɖʊ yɔ. Pʊwayɩ lɛ, ɖama kpaʊ taa kɛ paya hɩla zermanɩyɔm nɛ sɩkandɩyɔm pɩlɩna ɛzɩma pɛ-tɛ ajɛyɛ hɩla yɔ Germani nɛ Scandi pɩtɩŋna ɛyaa mba papa ñɩna nɛ pana-wɛ pɔ-yɔɔ, Caama tʊ Clemens Winkler nɛ Sʊyɛdɩ tʊ Lars Fredrik Nilson.
Palakɩ tʊmɩyɛ piŋ nɛ kalɩyɔm laatriki wondu sakɩyɛ taa. Papɩzɩɣ patɩlɩ pa-taa peeɖe nabɛyɛ ɛzɩ arseniyuri kalɩyɔm tɛ ŋgʊ (GaAs), antimoniyuri kalɩyɔm tɛ (GaSb), kalɩyɔm fɔsɩfʊrɩ (GaP) nɛ kalɩyɔm siziŋ ɖɔm (GaN). Pa-taa payɩ lɛ, pʊtʊ weyi pakɩlɑ-ɩ labɩnaʊ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ yɔɔ lɛ arseniyuri kalɩyɔm tɛ ŋgʊ, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ ɛnʊ tɩŋɩɣna sɩlɩsɩyɔm wayi.
Kalɩyɔm nɛ etɛŋ nɛ ɩndɩyɔm pɛ-tɛ kpɛndʊʊ mbʊ payaɣ se kalɩnsɩtanɩ yɔ pakɩlaɣ labɩnaʊ tʊmɩyɛ miŋ saʊ kɩmaɣzɩnaʊ taa ɖooo ɛzɩ pekiziɣ mɛrɩkɩrɩ yɔ. Paana se kalɩyɔm fɛyɩ sʊtʊ pʊɖɔɔ mbʊ lɛ, ɛ-hɩɖɛ kʊyɩ mbʊ pʊ-yɔɔ ɛɛkɔŋna kaɖɛ tɔm natɩyʊ kedeŋga taa yaa ɖɔ-tɔɔnasɩ taa. Ɛlɛ pʊtʊ ɛnʊ ɛtɔkɩ ɛyʊ tomnaɣ yɔɔ nɛ halɩ pɩla heŋ.


text:
Kpɩnɛ hɩɖɛ ñɩnɖɛ
Kpɩnɛ hɩɖɛ ñɩnɖɛ, akɛ ɖɔɖɔ sɩlɛŋgbɛlɛm mɔɔ kpɩna. Kpɩna ana pasɩma-yɛ nɛ mbʊ yɔ kɛna se pamʊzʊʊ pe-piyaa cikpesi nɛ hɩlɩm. Piya nzɩ paɖʊʊ yɔ pɩpɔza piŋŋ sɩ-ɖoonaa nɛ sɩ-caanaa pɔcɔna sɩ-yɔɔ nɛ hɩlɩm mbʊ pʊyɔɔ si-lotu tɛcɛyɩta (kɛlɛ pɩkɛ kɩjɛyɩɣ se hɩlɩm pɔcɔna nɛ sɩ-yɔɔ). Wɛtʊ naa lalaa sakɩyɛ wɛɛ nɛ patɩlɩɣ nɛ kpɩnɛ lɛɛna, pɩkpɛndɩna tɛtɛɛ wondu kɩbɩndʊ.
Ɖɩcaɣyɛ kpɛlɛkʊʊ paɣtʊ paɣlʊʊ taa lɛ, kajalaɣ kpɩna hɩla ñɩna ana tɛtʊ yɔɔ aawɛɛ. Kpɩna ana acaŋ ahuu lɔŋ lɔŋ nɛ a-taa peeɖe ɖɩnaɣ kajalaɣ hɔɔlʊʊ nakʊyʊ (sɛmʊʊ) kʊkʊ ñakʊyʊʊ ɛsɔdaa. Tɩmɩŋ ɛnʊ ɛ-taa peeɖe sakɩyɛ pɩsɩ lɩm taa ñɩna hɔɔlʊʊ yɔ. Ñɩtʊ taa kpɩna hɩla ñɩna sakɩyɛ pɩlɩna pɩlɩna palɩzɩ paɣtʊ ndʊ se pakandɩ a-yɔɔ yɔ, sakɩyɛ wɛ takayasɩ kɩsɛmasɩ yɔɔ wena pañaŋasɩɣ-yɛ yɔ (kɔzɩ kɔzɩ wena atɔkɩ nandʊ) palakɩ a-taa lɛɛna nandʊ. Ɖɔɖɔ tiiye naayɛ taa kpɩna wena ɛyʊ ɖɔɣa yɔ kpaɣ ɖooo kpaɣɖʊ 19 alɩwaatʊ taa yɔ (pɩlɩna kpɩnɛ hɔm, nandʊ, naalɩm, kpɩnɛ nɖɩ pakʊwa yɔ tɔnʊʊ) mʊwa yaa pasa siŋŋ pɩlɩna pɔtɔza sakɩyɛ pɩcɛlɩna pɛ-tɛ lʊlʊʊ yɔɔ.
Po-tomnasi mɔɔ tɩŋa taa lɛ pe-kela kɩlana ɖoŋ, mbʊ labɩna nɛ patɩlɩ tɛtɛɛ kɩbɩnjaazɩ kpɩna hɩla ñɩna, pe-kela yɔɔ nɛ nabʊyʊ pɩkpɛdɩna tamasɩ yaa ñʊʊ pɔyɩŋ. Paa kpɩnɛ nɖɩ lɛ nɛ ɖɩ-kela kɛlɛ pɩsaŋ nɛ papɩzɩɣ patɩlɩɣ paa kpɩnɛ nɖɩ lɛ ɖɩ-tɔɔnaɣ. Ɖooo krɛtasɩ alɩwaatʊ, Maastrichti wɛɛ taa, pakalɩ kpɩna hɩla ñɩna lɛ aatalɩ 150 halɩ 300 kɛlɛ pekpeeli-yɛ tindima nɛɛlɛ nɛ lʊbɛ.
Pɩlɩna wɩyaʊ Maor kpɛlɛkɩtʊ natʊyʊ yɔɔ kɛ Tel Aviv sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ taa ndʊ posusa tɩ-tɔm yɔ yɔɔ lɛ, kpɩna hɩla ñɩna anɛ aakɛ cɩkpɛndʊʊ taa kpɩna ɖooo kiɖe tɛɛ nɛ papaɣzɩ labʊ pa-tʊma wɩsɩ kpaɣ nɛ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ kpɩna sɔsɔna wena atuu a-lotu apaɣza ɖɩm yɔ, alɩwaatʊ talɩ ɛzɩ pɩnzɩ miiliiyɔɔ naa 66 mbʊ yɔ. Kpɩna hɩla ñɩna ana a-taa lɛ ɖɩnaɣ sɔndʊ ñɩna, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se ɛyʊ cɔzɔnaa.


text:
Kela
Keɖe yaa kela kɛna dozi nzɩ pahayʊʊ yɔ. Papɩzʊ pehili-yɛ ɖozi pʊcɔ pɔtɔɔ yaa pɔtɔɔna lɛŋ. Pɔtɔkɩ kela tɩŋga pʊtɔbʊʊ se pɔtɔkɩ a-hatʊ yaa alʊlʊʊ kela lɛ, pɔtɔɔ yaa pehili. Kela ɖozi fɛyɩ sotu ɛzɩ mana yaa ɛzɩ hʊnʊm yɔ.
Ɛzɩ tɛztʊ wɛʊ ndɩ ndɩ yɔ, kela paɣlɩka taa talʊ ɛzɩ santimɛtanaa nɩɩnɩwa yaa mɛtanaa naalɛ yɔ. Kela taŋgʊʊ yɔ a-hatʊ liŋ tɛɛ kɛ hɛtʊ lɩʊ nɛ hɛtʊ ndʊ tʊhʊlʊma fadʊdʊʊ yaa nabʊyʊ taa lɛ tɛzɩʊ jaʊʊ tɩyɛ. Kela pee wɛ ndɩ ndɩ pɩlɩɩna kela wɛtʊ maɣmaɣ yɔɔ: naayɛ sɛ jaʊʊ, lɛɛna kɛ kɩkpɛda tɩyɛ, naayɛ kɛ sʊtʊ lɩm tɩyɛ nɛ awɛna wɛtʊ ndɩ ndɩ ɖɔɖɔ. Kela naayɛ lɔbɔɔɔ lɔbɔɔɔ ɛzɩ haɣlada yɔ, lɛɛna wɛ kpatatayaaa kpatayaaa nɛ naayɛ wɛ kʊŋgʊlʊm kʊŋgʊlʊ yaa wɛtʊ natʊyʊ yem.
Tʊkaɣ nakɛyɩ wɛ kela nɛ ɛzɩ tɛtɛɛ pɔm, kpɛɛnzʊ kpooyuu yaa ŋgʊ payaɣ-kʊ se kpoobesse yɔ yaa kpɛnzɩɖoŋga pa-taa. Ɖozi nzɩ paya mbʊ yɔ sɩtɩŋga sɩlɩna ilememiye kɩfaɖɛ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ se Amerika yɔ ɖɩ-taa. Ɖooo lɛ pɩɩkɛna ñɩyʊ taa tɔɔnasɩ nɛ pʊcɔ nɛ ɛyaa paɣzɩ-sɩ kpenaʊ ɖɩsɩ taa nɛ pahayɩɣ-sɩ.
Ɛlɛ Ɛndɩ nɛ Siini ajɛya taa pacala hayʊ kɛ kela nɛ alakɩ ɖɔɖɔ camɩyɛ peeɖe mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ peeɖe wɩsɩ yaa nikaɣ yaa mbʊ payaɣ se kevengaɣ yɔ pɩmʊna ɖozɩ nzɩ.
Ɛlɛ Ɛndɩ nɛ Siini ajɛya taa pacala hayʊ kɛ kela nɛ alakɩ ɖɔɖɔ camɩyɛ peeɖe mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ peeɖe wɩsɩ yaa nikaɣ yaa mbʊ payaɣ se kevengaɣ yɔ pɩmʊna ɖozɩ nzɩ.


text:
Bernard Clairvaux tʋ
Bernard de Clairvaux kɛna Clairvaux taa fada yaa layʊ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʊ. Palʊla-ɩ tɛtʊ ndʊ payaɣ-tʊ se Fontaine-lès-Dijon tɩ-taa kɛ pɩnaɣ 1090 yaa pɩnaɣ 1091 nɛ ɛsɔ ya-ɩ kɩyɛɛna fenaɣ kɩyakʊ nɛɛlɛ pɩnaɣ 1153, pɩnzɩ 63 taa. Bernard ɛnɛ ɛkɛna Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa mɩwanɩ yaa mba payaɣ-wɛ se maŋkʊyɩɖaɣ nɛ mantɩmʊna ɛsɔ yɔ. E-fezuu caɣʊ taa lɛ, ɛɛkɛna weyi ɛɛɖʊ lɛɛzɩʊ kɩfam kɛ ɛsɔ tɔm taa yɔ.
Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ se Cîteaux yɔ, ɖɩ-taa lɛ Bernard kaakɛna lɔntasɩyʊ nɛ nɛ ñʊʊtʊ nɔɔyʊ siŋŋŋ nɛ ɛtaaleeyu nɛ ɛ-tɩ cɛlɩɣ kɛ ɛsɔ sɛtʊ yaa atɩma. Ɛ-ɛsɔ sɛtʊ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa lɛ, ɛñɩnaɣ kpem se ɛ-taabalaa ɛcɛyɩ pa-tɩ nɛ pɔɖɔkɩ ɛsɔ sɛtʊ kpam nɛ pasɩna samaɣ kpeekpe nɛ posusi ɛsɔ tɔm camɩyɛ. Fontaine tɛtʊ taa Bernard ɛnɛ, ɛɛkɛna ɛsɔ sɛtʊ ŋgbɛyɛ taa mʊwanɩ weyi ɛɛcɛla ɛ-tɩ ɛsɔ siŋŋŋ yɔ nɛ ɛcɛyʊ ɛ-tɩ wɩsɩ nɛ ɖoo se ɛyaa ɛtaanɩna liidiye nɛ kewiyaɣ nɛ pɩwɛɛ se pɔsɔ ɛsɔ yɔɔ.
Fontaine tɛtʊ taa Bernard sɩba kɩyɛɛna fenaɣ nɛɛlɛ pɩnaɣ 1153 nɛ pɩlaba pɩnzɩ nɛɛlɛ nɛ kʊɖʊmaɣ lɛ (21) layaa sɔsaa ɖʊ-ɩ ɛyaa kiɖeɖema taa nɛ pɛwɛɛ ɛ-atɩma yɔɔ. Pɩlabɩ pɩnzɩ 677 kɛ ɛ-sɩm wayɩ lɛ, yaa pɩnaɣ 1830 taa lɛ, Papa weyi payaɣ-ɩ se Pix VIII yɔ, ɛkpa-ɩ kiɖeɖeu. Pɩsɩna mbʊ lɛ, Bernard de Clairvaux ɛnɛ papaɣzɩ-ɩ yaʊ se Clairveaux taa Bernard Kiɖeɖeu.


text:
Jean Piaget
Jean William Fritz Piaget, ɛyʊ ɛnʊ palʊla-ɩ kɩyɛna fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 6 pɩnaɣ 1896 Neuchatêl Suwisi ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ ɛsɩ salaŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 16 pɩnaɣ 1980 Geneve tɛtʊ taa, ɛyʊ ɛnʊ ɛkɛ wezuu kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ tʊ, ɛkɛ ɛyʊ maɣzɩm taa wiluu tʊmɩyɛ tʊ, cɔlɩyɛ tʊmɩyɛ tʊ, ɛkɛ tɩlʊʊ tɛ wazaɣ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ tʊ Suwisi ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛtʊsa mʊntʊsʊʊ ŋgʊ pɩlɩna ɛyʊ fetenum yɔɔ yɔ pɩsa pɩyʊ keem mbʊ pɩtɩlɩ ɛzɩma ɛyʊ nɛ e-lone pʊmʊna ɖama yɔ, pɩlɩna ɛnɛ ɛnʊ ɛ-tɛ palaka yɔɔ kpaɣ ɖooo ɛ-pɩjatʊ, ɛzɩma pɛkpɛlɛkɩ-ɩ nɛ ɛkɔɔ ɛpaɣlɩ yɔ.
Ɛkɛ Arthur Piaget pɩɣa sɔsɔ (kpaɣ pɩnzɩ 1865 ŋtalɩ 1952), ɛɛkɛ hɛkʊ nɛ hɛkʊ alɩwaatʊ taa matʊ wɩlɩyʊ, e-ɖoo ñɛkɛ Fransɩɩ tʊ ɛlɛ payaɣ Rebecca Jackson (pɩnzɩ 1872 ŋtalɩ 1942), William Fritz Jackson pɛlɔ (James Jackson sɛyɩ kɛlɛ).
Ɛwɛna pɩnzɩ hiu nɛ kʊyʊm lɛ, Jean Piaget ɛnʊ ɛkɛ sukuli pɩɣa Neuchâtel latɛŋ kɔlɛɛzɩ taa, ɛma ntɔnjɔɔlɩyɛ tɔmʊʊ nakʊyʊ pɛcɛlɩna yovo waa yɔɔ, ɛlɛ ɛɛna ɛyʊ ɛnʊ lakʊ nakʊyʊ taa. Tɔmʊʊ ɛpaɣzɩna ɛ-lɛɣtʊ tʊmɩyɛ.
Ɛlaba fenasɩ naatozo Zurich lɛ, tɛtʊ nddʊ tɩ-taa peeɖe ɛkpɛlɛka maɣzɩm taa wiluu tʊmɩyɛ (tʊmɩyɛ nɖɩ ɛ nɛ Sabine Spielrein palaba, nɛ mba tɛzɩna-ɖɩ ɖɔɖɔ, kɛlɛ ɛɖɛɛ nɛ ɛla pɩnaɣ kʊyʊmaɣ Paarii tɛtʊ, ɖɩnɛ ɛlaba tʊmɩyɛ Alfred Binet tɛ takʊʊ nɛ wiluu kuduyuu taa. Peeɖe ɛtɩlɩ nɔmɔŋ weyi pakpaɣna nɛ patɩlɩ ɛyʊ fitenum pʊ-tɔbʊʊ ɛyʊ lɔŋ ɖeɖe.


text:
Golden Gate kondoloko
Golden Gate kɛ Etaazuunii kondoloko nakʋyʋ. Payaɣ-kʋ size ñɩɣlɩm nɔnɔɔ kondoloko. Kondoloko kʋnɛ, kɩkɛna Kaliforinii tɛ kondoloko ŋgʋ kususa cɛlɛmɛɛɛ yɔ. Kɩwɛ Etazunii ɛjaɖɛ taa, Kaliifɔrnii tɛtʊ taa. Kondoloko kʊnɛ kʊ-yɔɔ lɔɔɖa tɩnaa, kpokpona sayaa, cɛɛcɛ tɩna nɛ naŋgbanzɩ tɩnaa pɩzʊ pɔɖɔ kʊ-yɔɔ. Kɩtamasɩna kɩ-tɩ nɛ Sanfransiskoo tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ ndʋ tɩwɛ nɔɔ cʋlʋcʋlʋ taa nɛ hayi kiŋ hɔɔlʋʋ taa yɔ. Ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ se WPA yɔ, nɖɩ ɖʋna liidiye nɛ papɩzɩ pama Golden Gate Kondoloko kʋnɛ.
Golden Gate Kondoloko tʋma paɣzɩ pɩnaɣ 1933 ñɩŋga taa nɛ pɛtɛ kʋ-tʋma tɩŋga pɩnaɣ 1937 taa. Pɩnaɣ 1964 ñɩŋga taa pɔcɔna payɩ kedeŋa kpeekpe yɔɔ lɛ, Golden Gate Kondoloko kɩlɩna ɖaɣlʋʋ. Golden Gate Kondoloko kʋnɛ, kɩpɩsa sɔnɔdaa Sanfransiskoo tɛ sɩʋkpelaɣ. Ñɩɩtʊ ndʊ tɩwɛ ɖoŋ kaɖaɖa nɛ payaɣ-tʊ se asiye yɔ tɩnɛ peetɔŋ kɛ pamana kondoloko kʊnɛ.
Kɩ-ɖaɣlakɩŋ taa maɣna mɛtanaa 2 737 nɛ kɩ-walanzɩ taa wɛ mɛtanaa 27 piyele kɩ- kʊyɩmɩŋ ñɛwɛ mɛtanaa 23. Papaɣzɩ-kʊ ɖʊ kɛ kɔlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 5 pɩnaɣ 1933 nɛ pɛm-kʊ agoza fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 26 pɩnaɣ 1947 nɛ tɛʊ fema ɛlɛ pɛsɛtɩ kɩ-kahanaʊ nɛ papaɣzɩ ɖɔm kɩ-yɔɔ. Ñɩɣlɩm nɔnɔɔ kondoloko kʊnɛ yaa Golden Gate kpɛnzelasi yɔɔ, pama sɔdɩŋ nɩɩyɛ hɩla. Sɔdɩŋ ɩnʊʊ yɔ: Joseph Strauss, Leon Moisseiff, Charles Ellis et Irving Morrow.


text:
Salif Keïta
Palʊla Salif Keïta kɛ Joliba tɛtyʊ taa, malii ɛjaɖɛ taa kɛ kɩyɛna fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 25 ŋgʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 1949. Ɛkɛna Malii ɛjaɖɛ taa hendu teyu sɔsɔ nɔɔyʊ. Salif Keïta liɖe taa mba yɔ ɖooo Maali kewiyaɣ ñazɩyaa taa mba tɛ cejewiye nɖɩ pa-anɩ ɛzɩma-ɖɩ nɛ payaɣ nɔɔyʊ se Soundiata Keïta yɔ. Ɛzɩma ɛnʊ ɛzɩ Salif Keïta kaakɛna kpaaja lɛ, nɔɔyʊ taatɩɩsɔɔlɩ ɛ-tɔm. Ɛbɛ yɔɔ kɛ pataasɔɔlɩ-ɩ, mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, pɛ-tɛ ɛsakuliye nɛ sɔnzɩ taa lɛ, pakpakaaɣ kpajana ɛzɩ pɛkɛna ɛyaa mba ɛzɩ pɛha-wɛ nɛ pɛwɛna ɖɔɖɔ feziŋ kɩdɛkɛdɩŋ sakɩyɛ yɔ.
Ɛtɛmsa e-sukuli lɛ, ɛsɔɔlɩ se ɛkɛna wɩlɩyʊ, ɛlɛ pekizi-i mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, pakpaɣ-ɩ se ɛkɛna kpaaja, ɛtaakɔɔ nɛ ɛɖɛzɩ e-sukuli pɩya. Peeɖe ɛmaɣza ɛ-ñʊʊtaa nɛ ɛkpaɣ lɩmaɣza se ɛpɩsɩ hendu teyu. Ɛlɛɛza lɩmaɣza ana mbʊ lɛ, e-cejewiye taa mba taa wɩzɩ pazɩ. Peeɖe tɛ sɔnzɩ taa lɛ, pɩtaha waɖɛ kɛ pa-anɩ lɛ se ete hendu yee ɛtalɩɩna keeɣsi maɖaa yaa weŋgaliyaa liɖe taa ɛyʊ kɔyɔ. Pɩtasɩ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, pasɩmna Keïta cejewetaa mba se pɛkɛna kewiitu taa ɛyaa.
Pɩla mbʊlɛ, ɛɖɛ ewolo Pamakoo tɛtʊ taa nɛ ɛcaɣ peeɖe pɩnaɣ 1968. Pɩla mbʊ nɛ ɛsʊ hendu teya ŋgbɛyɛ naɖɩyɛ taa. Pɔtɔma se Ɛsɔ ɛɛsɔʊ nɔɔyʊ yɔɔ. Pɩla mbʊ nɛ e-hendu teu taa pɩpazɩ pɩkɛna ɛyaa siŋŋŋ, mbʊ pʊyɔɔ ete e-hendu ndʊ nɛ esidina peeɖe sɔnzɩ nɛ hendu kɩfatʊ lɛɛtʊ taa. Pɩnaɣ 1973 kɛ ɛɖaɣna sʊʊ ŋgbɛyɛ kɩfaɖɛ lɛɛɖe taa nɛ ewolo ɛwɛɛ Abiijaŋ, Kotidiivuwarɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa.
Ɛ-pɛlɔ labɩ Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa takayaɣ nɛ pɩha-ɩ haɖɛ se ɛkɛna peeɖe-tʊ nɛ payaɣ-ɩ se Nantenin Keïta. Ɛzɩ peseɣu kolokasi kɛ mɛtanaa 400 kɛ mbʊ yɔ, pɛlɔ ɛnɛ nɔɔyʊ ɛɛɖɛɣʊ ɛ-yɔɔ. Tɩmʊʊ tɩŋgʊna liɖe, ɛlɛ ɖɔɖɔ mbʊ yɔ ɛkɛna kpaaja. Ɛlɛ pɩnzɩ 2008 nɛ 2016 kɛ mbʊ yɔ, ɛnʊ kɛŋna kolokaɣ seya taa kɔɔnaɣ-tʊ.


text:
Louis Armstrong
Palʊla Louis Armstrong kɛ Nʊvɛlɩ-Ɔɔrɩleansɩ, Luyiziyani tɛtʊ taa kɛ ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ naanzawiye pɩnaɣ 1901 nɛ ɛsɩ Niwu Yɔrkɩ tɛtʊ taa hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ taa kɩyakʊ looɖo ŋgʊ wiye.
Palʊla-ɩ Nʊvɛlɩ-Ɔɔrɩleansɩ tɛtʊ taa nɛ pɩɩkɛna hɔʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa nɛ tanɩm kpem yɔ. Kʊñɔŋ wayɩ lɛ pɩkɛna ɖɔɖɔ hɔʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa nɛ ñamñam lakɑsɩ nɛ acɛya wɛ yɔ. Payaɣ Louis Armstrong caa se William Armstrong (1881–1922) nɛ ɛlɛ lakaɣ tʊmɩyɛ kɛ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa pasaɣ sanzɩ nɛ kɔɔ wena palakɩna tɔlɩm ɖɩ ndɩ yɔ. E-ɖoo kɔyɔ Mary Mayann Albert (1886–1942) nɛ ɛlɛ nalakaɣ tɩzɩyʊ tʊmɩyɛ kɛ anasayɩnaa cɔlɔ. Louius Armstrong ɛnɛ ɛ-caa ɖoo Josephine cɔlɔ kɛ ecaɣ nɛ ɛpɩɩ.
Ɛ-hɩla kɩsɛsɛna ɖɔɔ nɛ a-taa kɔyɔ: Dippermouth, Satchmo nɛ Pops. Louis Armstrong kɛ weŋgalɩyʊ nɛ e-liɖe sɔsɔyɛ kɔyɔ Afrika ɛlɛ palʊla-ɩ Amerika tɛtʊ taa. E-wendu teu taa lɛ, ɛsɔ wendu nɛ sɔnzɩ, ñɩndʊ pezida nɛ ɖama. Wendu ndʊ ɛkɩlz sɔɔlɩʊ yɔ, ndʊ lɛ jazɩ nɛ eteu taa lɛ, ɛcɔʊ tɔm yaa ɛlmɩlɩtʊ tɔmbe sakɩyɛ. Louis Armstrong cɔ ajɛyaa sakɩyɛ nɛ ɛpɩsɩ jazɩ wendu teyaa taa sɔdʊ sɔsɔʊ.


text:
Albert Einstein
Palʋla Albert Einstein lakɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ 14 n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1879 taa Ulm, Wurtemberg tɛtʋ taa Caama ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛsɩba ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ 18 n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1955 taa Princeton tɛtʋ taa, Etaazuunii ɛjaɖɛ taa. Einstein laba mbʋ payaɣ se "Fiisiki" yɔ nɛ ɛtazɩ kɩ-taa kpayɩ kpayɩ.
Ɛkɛ Caama tʋ nɛ Apatriidi tʋ pɩnaɣ 1896 taa. Pʋwayɩ lɛ, ɛla Suwisi ɛjaɖɛ takayaɣ nɛ pɩha-ɩ waɖɛ se ɛkɛ Suwiisi tʋ, pɩnaɣ 1901 taa. Pʋbʋ wayɩ lɛ, ɛla ɖɔɖɔ Helivetiki nɛ Amerika pa-ajɛya takayaɣ nɛ pɩha-ɩ ɖɔɖɔ waɖɛ se ɛkɛ a-n̄ɩnʋ, pɩnaɣ 1940 taa.


text:
3
Zezi dwe Moyisi
1 A ko-biǝ-ba, abam yɩ Wɛ nɔɔna mʋ. DƖ ma bǝŋi abam sɩ á tɔgɩ á na ywǝǝni DƖ sɔŋɔ nɩ. Nan lwarɩ-na nɩ Zezi mʋ yɩ wʋlʋ Wɛ na tʋŋɩ, sɩ o ba o ji DƖ kaanɩm yuutu dɩbam Wɛ cwǝŋǝ tɔgɩm dɩm ŋwaanɩ. 2 Wɛ mʋ pɛ-o tɩtʋŋɩ dɩm kʋntʋ. O maa tʋŋɩ o pa Wɛ dɩ cɩga. Kʋ nan yɩ bɩdwɩ mʋ dɩ Moyisi dɩ dɛɛn na nii Wɛ nɔɔna bam baŋa nɩ dɩ cɩga te tɩn. 3 Zezi nan sɩɩnɩ o maŋɩ sɩ o na zulǝ o dwǝni Moyisi, bɛŋwaanɩ nɔɔnʋ wʋlʋ na lɔgɩ sɔŋɔ tɩn mʋ na zulǝ o dwe sɔŋɔ kʋm tɩtɩ. 4 Sɔŋɔ nan tǝrǝ yɩ kʋ daɩ nɔɔnʋ mʋ lɔgɩ-kʋ. Wɛ nan mʋ yɩ wʋlʋ na kɩ woŋo maama tɩn. 5 Moyisi dɛɛn yɩ tɩntʋŋnʋ mʋ, yɩ o tʋŋɩ dɩ cɩga Wɛ nɔɔna bam ŋwaanɩ. O ma da yigǝ o brɩ-ba Wɛ cɩga kalʋ na wʋ́ ba ka lwarɩ jaja tɩn. 6 Kʋ daarɩ Zezi Krisi mʋ yɩ sɔŋɔ kʋm tɩtɩ bu cɩga cɩga, yɩ o te sɔŋɔ kʋm. Dɩbam mʋ yɩ sɔŋɔ kʋm kʋntʋ, dɩ dɩ́ na zɩgɩ kǝŋkǝŋ dɩ pu-dɩa yɩ dɩ́ brɩ dɩ wʋpolo nɩ dɩ́ jɩgɩ tɩɩna Wɛ tee nɩ.
Wɛ na wʋ́ pa DƖ nɔɔna bam siun te tɩn
7 Kʋntʋ ŋwaanɩ sɛ-na Wɛ Joro kʋm na tagɩ te kʋ wɩ:
«Abam zɩm na ni Wɛ kwǝrǝ kam,
8 á yɩ zaŋɩ á digili á bɩcara,
nɩ á nabaara bam dɛɛn na vɩn Wɛ ni,
yɩ ba kwǝri ba maŋɩ-DƖ ba nii te maŋa kalʋ ba na wʋ kagʋa kam wʋnɩ tɩn.»
9 Wɛ maa wɩ:
«Abam nabaara bam dɛɛn nɛ amʋ na kɩ kʋlʋ maama dɩ ba bɩna fiinna tɩn,
yɩ ba daa ta tiini ba kwaanɩ ba maŋɩ amʋ sɩ ba nii.
10 Kʋntʋ ŋwaanɩ mʋ amʋ banɩ zaŋɩ dɩ nɔɔna bam kʋntʋ,
yɩ a ta a wɩ:
‹Kʋ yɩ ba paalɩ ba ywǝri mʋ maŋa maama,
yɩ ba vɩn sɩ ba tɔgɩ amʋ cwe sɩm.›
11 Amʋ ban-zɔŋɔ kʋm ma pa a ta a du dɩ ba a wɩ:
‹Amʋ brɩ a bá pa-ba cwǝŋǝ sɩ ba zʋ amʋ woro kʋm wʋ ba na siun.› »
12 A ko-biǝ-ba, cʋ-na á tɩtɩ sɩ abam wʋlʋwʋlʋ yɩ taá jɩgɩ wʋbʋŋ-lwaanʋ o bɩcarɩ nɩ, sɩ kʋ pa o yɩ kɩ o wʋ-dɩdʋa dɩ Ŋwɩa Tu Wɛ, sɩ o daarɩ o yagɩ Wɛ cwǝŋǝ tɔgɩm. 13 Nan taá zǝni-na daanɩ maŋa maama, sɩ kʋ pa á taá jɩgɩ pu-dɩa, nɩ Wɛ kwǝrǝ kam ta na ŋɔɔnɩ dɩ dɩbam zɩm te tɩn, sɩ abam wʋlʋwʋlʋ yɩ pa lwarɩm gan-o sɩ o pa o bɩcarɩ digili dɩ Wɛ. 14 Dɩbam nan tɔgɩ dɩ Zezi Krisi dɩ́ ji Wɛ biǝ mʋ, dɩ dɩ́ na zɩgɩ kǝŋkǝŋ, nɩ dɩ́ na puli dɩ́ kɩ dɩ́ wʋ-dɩdʋa dɩ Wɛ te tɩn, sɩ kʋ vu kʋ yi kweelim.
15 Kʋ yɩ nɩ Wɛ tɔnɔ kʋm na tagɩ te kʋ wɩ:
«Abam zɩm na ni Wɛ kwǝrǝ kam,
á yɩ zaŋɩ á digili á bɩcara,
nɩ á nabaara bam dɛɛn na vɩn Wɛ ni te tɩn.»
16 Balʋ dɛɛn na ni Wɛ kwǝrǝ kam yɩ ba vɩn DƖ ni tɩn yɩ bra mʋ? Ba yɩ balʋ maama Moyisi dɛɛn na tɔgɩ ba yigǝ o ja-ba o nuŋi Ezipi tɩʋ kʋm wʋnɩ tɩn mʋ. 17 Wɛ banɩ dɛɛn zaŋɩ dɩ bra mʋ bɩna fiinna tɩn? Kʋ yɩ nɔɔna balʋ na kɩ lwarɩm kagʋa kam wʋnɩ yɩ Wɛ pa ba tɩ da tɩn mʋ. 18 Wɛ na dugi DƖ wɩ, dɩntʋ brɩ DƖ bá pa-ba cwǝŋǝ sɩ ba zʋ DƖ woro kʋm wʋ ba na siun tɩn, kʋ yɩ bra mʋ DƖ tɛa? Kʋ yɩ balʋ na wʋ sɛ DƖ ni tɩn mʋ.
19 Kʋntʋ mʋ pɛ dɩ́ lwarɩ nɩ, Wɛ na wʋ pɛ-ba cwǝŋǝ sɩ ba zʋ DƖ woro kʋm wʋ tɩn, kʋ yɩ ba na wʋ kɩ ba wʋ-dɩdʋa dɩ DƖ tɩn ŋwaanɩ mʋ.


text:
Kɛɛrɩ
Kɛɛrɩ kɛna Egipiti ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛʈʊ sʊzɔtʊ nɛ ndʊ ɖɔɖɔ kɩlɩnja walanzɩ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa. Pɩnaɣ 2015 taa pakala kɩgalʊʊ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa lɛ, pana ɛyaa 15 452 409. Mʊwayɛ-Oriyaŋ taa lɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa kɛ ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ nɛ yee pɩkɛ Afrika kpeekpe taa kɔyɔ, tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩŋgʊʊna Leegɔsɩ wayi. Pʊtɔbʊʊ se Legɔsɩ tɛtʊ kɛlɛ kacalaɣ ñɩndʊ ɛyaa ɖɔʊ taa kɛ Afrika tɛtʊ kpeekpe taa. Ɛlɛ pɩnaɣ 2014 lɛ ndʊ kaakɛŋna natʊlɛ ñɩndʊ ɛyaa ɖɔʊ taa kɛ keteŋa kpeekpe taa.
Kɛɛrɩ tɔbʊʊ nɛ Araabi taa se Waɖʊ. Kɛɛrɩ tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩwɛ Niili Pɔɔ ka-ñʊʊtaa kiŋ. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩwɛna Egipiti ɛjaɖɛ nɛ ɖɩ-hayʊ kiŋ, nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ nɛ hadɛ kiŋ lɛ Alɛkɩsandrii tɛtʊ ñɛwɛna nɛ piposinaa ɛzɩ kilomɛtanaa 220 yɔ; piyele wɩsɩ ɖɩɖuyɛ taa lɛ Suɛz Hɛŋa wɛna nɛ pɩmaɣna ɛzɩ kilomɛtanaa 150 yɔ. Kɛɛrɩ tɛtʊ walanzɩ landammm taa makɩɣna ɛkɩtaarɩnaa ɛzɩ 21 000 yɔ yaa kilomɛtanaa 210. Ɛlɛ yee pɛkpɛndɩna tɛtʊ tʊnɛ nɛ tɩ-tɛ ageeta wena acɔ-tʊ nɛ ataa yɔ, pɩ-walanzɩ taa wɛʊ ɛzɩ ɛkɩtaarɩnaa 149 200 yaa kilomɛtanaa 1 492.
Pɩnaɣ 641 taa kɛ malɩŋ woba Egipiti ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ pacaɣ nɛ ɖenɖe paawɛɛ yɔ, payaa tɛtʊ ndʊ se Fusitaatɩ nɛ pɔ-nɔɔ yɔɔ ɖɛyʊ yɔ Amru ben al-As nɛ tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tʊ-tʊ tɛ tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ yɔ Paabiiloni. Pɩnaɣ 969 taa kɛ papaazɩ Fusitaati tɛtʊ yaʊ se Kɛɛrɩ.
Ɛzɩ ajɛya lɛɛna taa tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ lɛɛtʊ yɔ, Kɛɛrɩ tɛtʊ nɛ ajɛyaa 36 taa ñɩndʊ paɖʊ nɔɔ nɛ palakɩ tʊma kʊɖʊma nɛ a-taa kɔyɔ: Atɛɛnɩ (Krɛɛsɩ), Roomi (Italii), Sao-Poloo Pireeziili), Sitaatigraadɩ nɛ Hamburigi (Caama), Tunisi nɛ Kayiruwanɩ (Tuniizii), Tokiyo (Sapɔŋ), Toronto (Kanadaa), Wasɩŋtɔŋ (Etaazuunii), Puyenezɛrɩ (Arzantiini), Amstɛrɩdam (Peyibaa), Peyiiruu (Liibaŋ), Aamaŋ (Yɔɔridani), Isitambuli (Turki), Pagidaadɩ (Irakɩ), Lɔndrɩ (Kewiyaɣ Kɩkpɛndaɣ).
Payaɣ Kɛɛrɩ tɛtʊ yɔɔ cɔnɩyʊ kɩfalʊ se Abdel Qawi Khalifa.


text:
Suu
Ñɩtʊ kʊtɔɔʊ yaa ñɩyʊʊ kʊtɔɔʊ yaa Suu kɛna tɩŋ tɔɔnaɣ ŋga pahayʊ-kɛ ka-hatʊ yɔɔ yɔ. Suu kɛna tɩŋ tɔɔnaɣ ŋga pahayʊ-kɛ ka-ñɩtʊ yaa ka-hatʊ yɔɔ yɔ. Ñɩtʊ kʊtɔɔtʊ tʊnɛ payaɣ-tʊ nɛ fransɩ taa se suu yɔ pɩtɛkɛ ñɩtʊ kʊtɔɔtʊ ndʊ tiɖeke kɛ pʊwɛɛ se payaa mbʊ.
Ñɩyʊ kʊtɔɔʊ kʊnɛ pahayʊʊ-kʊ yɔ kɩ-hatʊ yɔɔ pahayɩɣ-kʊ mbʊ pɔyɔɔ yɔ, pɩkɩlɩ ɛzɩ tɩŋ cɔka kʊtɔɔtʊ lɛɛtʊ yɔ pɩlɩɩna tɩ-taa anaɣm yɔɔ. Ñɩtʊ kʊtɔɔtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-wɛ camɩyɛ lɛfɩɩɩ nɛ papɩzʊ pɔtɔɔ-tʊ lɛŋ yaa pehili-kʊ ɖozi. Ñɩyʊ kʊtɔɔʊ yaa ñɩtʊ kʊtɔɔtʊ yaa ɖɔɖɔ suu wɛ huwa ndɩ ndɩ pɩlɩɩna tɩ-hɛtʊ wɛtʊ yɔɔ yaa tɩ-paɣlɩka yɔɔ.
Papɩzʊʊ pɔtɔɔ suu alɩwaaatʊ ndʊ pɛkpɛza-kʊ yɔ yaa papɩzʊʊ pasɩɩ-kʊ nɛ kileɖi cambɩ nɛ pʊcɔ pɔtɔɔ-kʊ. Yee pɩkɛ nikaɣ ŋgbaʊ taa ɛyʊ ɛsɔɔlaa se ɛzɩʊ kɔyɔ, pɩwɛɛ se ɛhɔkɩ-ɛ anwa huyuu taa nɛ ɛzɩ ɛlɛ pɩtaaɖɛ kɩyakɩŋ naalɛ yɔɔ se pʊcɔ ɛɛlɩzɩ-ɛ se ɛhilɩ.
Ɛlɛ ɛyʊ ɛfɛyɩna nikaɣ ŋgbaʊ kɔyɔ ɛpɩzʊ ɛsɩɩ ɖenɖe nɩkaɣ wɛ camɩyɛ yɔ nɛ pɩtaa wɩlɩ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, lɛŋ ɖeke pɔtɔkɩ. Papɩzʊ pesidi paa nandʊ ndʊ, lɩm ñɩndʊ yaa kuɖoŋgutu yaa ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ kpakpasɩ kɩwɩsɩ yaa lɩm ñɩnzɩ; sɔsɔsɩ yaa cikpesi. Ɛlɛ yee pɩkɛ nandʊ ndʊ poɖoŋga yɔɔ yɔ pɩkɩlɩ ɖeu.


text:
Azʊʊma lɩzɩyʊ
Azʊʊma lɩzɩyʊ fɔɔfɔɔ yaa nʊm mbʊ pasana kpɛlɩ kpɛlɩ wondʊ ndɩ ndɩ yɔ. Fɔɔfɔɔ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa nɛ kaɖazɩm. Kaɖazɩm mbʊ pɩ-taa nɛ nazɩyʊ ɖoŋ sakɩyɛ. Ɖoŋ ɩnʊ ɩlakɩna nɛ paahɩzʊ nabʊyʊ yɔɔ azʊʊma lɛ, pɩlɩʊ camɩyɛ. Azʊʊma hɩzʊʊ nɛ azʊʊma fɔɔfɔɔ kɛna mba pɩwɛna kɛzɛwa yɔ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ pɩzɩŋna nɛ ɛyʊ yaa nabʊyʊ yɔɔ azʊʊma nɛ kʊdɔmɩŋ sonzo wena acaɣ yɔ alɩʊ camɩyɛ. Azʊʊma lɩzɩyʊ fɔɔfɔɔ yɔlʊ lɩm taa yem nɛ pɩ-taa nɛ nʊm. Azʊʊma lɩzɩyʊ nʊm wɛ ndɩ ndɩ nɛ pɩ-taa kɔyɔ fɔɔfɔɔnaa mba pɔcɔtʊʊna yaa pañalʊna wondu yem yɔ ; fɔɔfɔɔnaa lɛba lɛ, ñɩɩtʊ ɖiluɖe yaa ɖakʊtanaa taa kɛ pañalɩɣʊna-wɛ.
Nʊm lɛɛbʊ lɛ, pɔsɔʊna lɩm yaa ɛyʊ pɩzʊ ɛtaa ɛyɔɔ nɛ ɛ-sɩntaa wɛɛ ɖeu camɩyɛ. Erɔpʊ paɣtʊ taa hɔɔlaɣ 648/2004 ñɩŋga ŋga papaazɩ kɔyɔɔ ɖɔm aloma fenaɣ taa pɩnaɣ 2005 yɔ, kɔdɔŋ se pɩkɛna kɩcɛyʊ se pataaɖɩ takayaɣ hayʊ kɛ paa azʊʊma lɩzɩyʊ pata ŋgʊ lɛ kɩ-yɔɔ nɛ pama kɔɔ ndɩ ndɩ wena pakpaɣa nɛ palabɩna nʊm mbʊ yɔ. Mbʊ yekina nɛ weyi ɛkaɣ yabʊ yɔ, ɛpɩzɩ ɛlɩzɩ azʊʊma lɩzɩyʊ kɩpaŋgʊ ŋgʊ ɛsɔɔla yɔ nɛ pɩsamɩ-ɩ ɖɔɖɔ nɛ ɛtɩlɩ ɛzɩma ɛlabɩna kʊyɔ. Mbʊ yekina nɛ fɛɖʊ nɔɔyʊ pɩzɩɣ ɛpɔzɩ fɔɔfɔɔ ŋgʊ kɩ-saya se patʊʊzɩ-ɩ yaa pɛcɛlɛ-ɩ kɔ wena pakpaɣ nɛ pasaana azʊʊma lɩzʊ fɔɔfɔɔ ŋgʊ. Mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ nɔɔyʊ pɩzʊ ɛtɔlɩ kʊdɔŋ pɩlɩɩna azʊʊma lɩzɩyʊ nʊm nabʊyʊ yɔɔ.
Pɩtasɩ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, tʊma sɔsɔna ndɩ ndɩ ñʊndɩna lɩza ɛzɩma pala takayɩsɩ hatʊ ndɩ ndɩ ndʊ tɩhɔŋ yaɖa yɔ yaa ndʊ tɩwɩlɩɣ camɩyɛ kɛ kɔɔ wena palabɩna azʊʊma lɩzʊ fɔɔfɔɔna yɔ nɛ paapɩzɩ pataaɖɩ patana ndɩ ndɩ yɔɔ. Pɩlɩɩna ɛzɩma ɛyaa sakɩyɛ yakɩ azʊʊma lɩzʊ fɔɔfɔɔnaa yɔ lɛ, kɔɔ anɛ aluɖa nɩna ɖama nɛ pana Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa komina nɛ kɩtʊʊ-wɛ kɔɔ wena pasaɣna azʊʊma lɩzʊ nʊm mbʊ yɔ a-yɔɔ. Mbʊ yebina nɛ pɩnzɩ 1998 taa lɛ pakpakaɣ azʊʊma lɩzʊ mʊʊlʊm kɩɖamnaa 150 nɛ pazaɣna ɛzɩ fuwa kʊɖʊmaɣ yɔ ɛlɛ pɩpɩsa mʊlʊim kɩɖamnaa mɩnɩʊ kɛ pɩnzɩ 2005 taa. Pɩnzɩ 2010 taa lɛ, kɔɔ mʊlʊm 70 yaa 60 kɛ pakpakʊʊ nɛ pasaɣna fuwa kʊɖʊmaɣ. Mba payakɩ azʊʊma lɩzʊ fɔɔfɔɔnaa yɔ pɛɖɛ ɛzɩ ɛyaa miliyaɖinaa kagbanzɩ ɛ pɩnaɣ taa yɔ, nɛ kɔɔ mʊʊlʊm mbʊ pakpakɩɣ nɛ pasaɣna yɔ atalʊ ɛzɩ tɔɔnɩnaa 500 000 yɔ.


text:
Fɩtɩyɩm
Ndʊ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ tɩ-tɔm cɩnɛ yɔ tɩkɛna ɛyʊ tɛ fɩtɩyɩm tɔm. Ɛyʊ tɛ fɩtɩyɩm nɛ tɛtɛ wondu lɛɛtʊ tɛ fɩtɩyɩm pacaɣ wɛm ɖeyi ɖeyi. Pɔyɔɔdʊʊ mbʊ, mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ ɛyʊ ɛcɔnaa kɔyɔ pɩlɩ ɖama. Ɖooo lɛ, ɛyʊ fɩtiyim taakɩlɩ paɣlʊʊ ɛzɩ lɛɛlɛɛ yɔ. Ɛyɔ wɛʊ kpem yɔ ɛ-fɩyɩm tɩna-ɩ, mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, ɛ-ñʊʊtaa maɣzɩm, ɛ-nɔɔtaa tɔm nɛ ɛ-lakasɩ tɩŋa lɩɣna ɛ-fɩtɩyɩm ɖɔm taa.
Tɛtɛ wondu tɩŋga taa payɩ lɛ, kpakpalikiyaɣ ŋga payaɣ-kɛ se paalɛnɩ yɔ, ka-fɩyɩm kɩlɩna yʊŋ nɛ ko-yʊŋ wɛ kilogramnaa 6,92 nɛ ɛyʊ tɛ ñamaɣna kilogramnaa 1,5. Paanɛ mbʊ yɔ, Ɛyʊ tɛ fɩtɩyɩm kɩlɩɣna ɖɔm camɩyɛ. Ɛyʊ tɛ fɩtɩyɩm kɩlɩna wɛʊ ɖoŋ kɛ tɛtɛ wondu kpeekpe taa nɛ pɩtala ɛzɩ tɔm lʊbɛ kɛmbʊ yɔ yɔ.
Ɛyʊ fɩtɩyɩm wɛna hɔɔlɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ nɛ paa hɔɔlʊʊ ŋgʊ lɛ, kɩwɛna kʊ-tʊmɩyɛ ɖɔɖɔ: hɔɔlɩŋ nɩɩyɛ wɛ nɛ ɛnʊ ɛtɩna lɔŋ nɛ lɛɛtʊ, lɛɛŋ wɛ nɛ ɛnʊlɛ yɔɔdaɣ, hɔɔlʊʊ nakʊyʊ ñañɩnɩɣna ndʊ ɛyʊ sɔwa yaa ɛɛna nɛ ɛnɩɩ pileɖaa nɛ ɛɛtasɩuɣ-tʊ tɔzʊ yɔ. Ɛzɩ ñɩɩyʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ-kʊ se ordinatɛɛrɩ yɔ, mbʊ ɖɔɖɔ ɛyʊ fɩtɩyɩm wɛɛ; ɛlɛ ɛyʊ tɛ ñakɩla mbʊ, mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, ɛyʊ lɩzɩna ñɩɣyʊ ŋgʊ. Ɛzɩ ñɔsɩ ɖɔʊ ɛyʊ ñʊʊta yɔ, mbʊ ɖɔɖɔ ɛyʊ fɩyɩm wɛna wazaɣ nɛ pɩfɛyɩ kalʊʊ.
Kʊtɔmɩŋ nɩɩyɛ wɛ nɛ ɛkpa ɛyʊ fɩtɩyɩm kɔyɔ, ɛyʊ ɛnʊ ɛɛtasʊ wɛʊ ɛyʊ wɛtʊ nɛ ɛ-taa kɔyɔ kpaaŋ, taba kʊyaɣ katadayaɣ yɔʊ, ñʊʊtaa cɔʊ. Canɩɩ canɩɩ kʊdɔŋ ɖɔɖɔ pɩzʊ pɩkpa ɛyʊ nɛ pɩcɔzɩ-ɩ; nabʊyʊ taa ɛɛyɔɔdʊʊ yaa ɛɛnɩʊ.
Ɖooo lɛ fɛɖaa taapɩzʊ se pawaa sɩŋŋŋ kɛ fɩrɩyɩm kʊdɔmɩŋ pʊɖɔɔ. Lɛɛlɛɛ taa lɛ fɛɖaa ñaɣ pana nɛ palɩzɩ ñɩɩtʊ natʊyʊ nɛ payaa-tʊ nɛ anasayɩ kʊnʊŋ taa se sikaanɛɛɖɩ. Sikaanɛɛɖɩ kʊnɛ kɩpɩzʊʊ nɛ kiwili ɛyʊ fɩtɩyɩm taa nɛ tɩlabʊ-tʊ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ paayasʊ ɛyʊ ñʊʊ fayɩɩ se pʊcɔ nɛ pʊcɔ se paañɛyɩ-kʊ.


text:
Tayilandɩ
Tayilandɩ kɛna Azii nɛ hɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ nɛ hadɛ kiŋ nɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-halanzɩ taa makɩɣna 514 000 km2. Pʊcɔ nɛ pɩnaɣ 1939 lɩɣʊ lɛ payawaɣ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ se Siyam Kewiyaɣ.
Tayilandɩ nɛ Birimanɩ pasɩnɛ ɖa-ma kamaɣ kɛ ɖɩ-wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ nɛ ɖɩwɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ nɛ hayi kiŋ ɖɔɖɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ nɛ ɖɩ-hadɛ kiŋ lɛ, ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se Maalɛɛzii yɔ ɖɩwɛna. Wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ Kambɔjɩ ñɩnɖɛ, piyele nɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɛ ɖɩwɩsɩ dɩlɩyɛ nɛ hayi kiŋ lɛ Lawosɩ wɛna.
Tayilandɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ nɛ ndʊ tɩkɩla pakɩlɩ-tʊ sɩm yɔ ndʊ lɛ Kuruŋŋ Teepi, ndʊ patasɩɣ yaʊ se Baŋgɔɔkɩ. Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlɩɣ yɔɔdɩɣ nɛ ŋgʊ pawɩlɩɣ komina sukulinaa taa yɔ, ŋgʊ lɛ tayii nɛ liidiye yɔ baatɩ.
Tayilandɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa lɛ, weyi ɛkɩlɩ caɣʊ kewiyaɣ yɔɔ yɔ ɛnʊ lɛ wiyao Rama IX, kpaɣ ɖooo 1946. Peeɖe lɛ, wiyao ɛnʊ ɛkɛna Ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊtʊ, Sɔɔjanaa ñʊʊtʊ, ɛsɔ sɛtʊ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se Buudiyism yɔ ɖɩnɔɔ yɔɔ ɖɛyʊ nɛ kʊɖʊm ɛnʊ lɛ ɛsɔ sɛtʊ aŋgba kpeekpe yɔɔ cɔnɩyʊ.


text:
Ɛyʊ waɖɛ
Ɛyʊ waɖɛ kɛ ɛyʊ yɔɔ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ tɛ tɔm yaa tɔm hʊʊ tɛ ɖoŋ yaa politiki tɛ tɔm pɩlɩna ɛyʊ weyi ɛwɛna kedeŋna taa waɖɛ ndɩ ɖɩfɛyɩ se pokuudi-ɖɩ yɔ, paa pɩkɛ waɖɛ ndɩ ɖɩwɛ ɖeʊ paɣtʊ taa yaa wɛtʊ naa ndɩ ndɩ ɛzɩ kʊnʊmɩŋ yaa ɛjaɖɛ tʊ tɛ tɔm yaa Ɛsɔ kɩlaʊ tɛ maɣzɩm.
Pɩtɩŋna lɩmaɣza a-naa a-yɔɔ lɛ, paa ɛyʊ weyi, ɛyʊ ɛzɩ weyi ɛwɛ ɛ-tɩyɔɔ kɛ samaɣ taa yɔ ɛwɛna ɛ-tɛ waɖɛ. Waɖɛ ndɩ ɖɩwɛ ɛ-maɣmaɣ ɛ-cɔlɔ nɛ pɩkɛ-ɩ pɩyʊʊ kiɖeɖem nɛ pɩha ɛ-sɛɛ nɛ samaɣ nɛ kewiyaɣ tɛ ɖoŋ. Ɛyʊ tɛ ndɩ pasɩma-ɖɩ paa ɛjaɖɛ ndɩ lɛ ɖɩ-taa nɛ ɖɩwɛ kɩmaŋ paa hɔɔlʊʊ ŋgʊ lɛ kɩ-taa nɛ pɩtasʊʊ wɛtʊ ndɩ ndɩ taa ɛzɩ sɔsɔtʊ yaa canaʊ tɔm taa ɛzɩ tindime naɖɩyɛ taa ɛyaa yaa ɛyaa nabɛyɛ yaa tisuu tɛ ɛyaa nabɛyɛ yaa ɛyaa nabɛyɛ yem ko mba pamazɩɣ se ɛyaa mba pakaadʊʊ lalaa yɔ palɩzɩɣ-wɛ ɛyaa taa yɔ.
Waɖɛ ndɩ ɖɩkɛ ɛyʊ pɩyʊʊ yɔ pasɩma-ɖɩ paa ɛsɛkuliye ɛjaɖɛ ndɩ ɖɩ-taa kɛ paɣtʊ takayasɩ taa yaa ajɛyɛ hɛkʊʊ taa nesi tabalɩyɛ aŋgbaa taa se pɩpɩzɩɣ nɛ pɩhaɣ ñamtʊ pɩkpɛdɩna ejaɖɛ maɣmaɣ. Waɖɛ tɛ ñɔʊ nɛ ɖɩ-tɛ wazaɣ kɛ pɩyʊʊ weyi ɛ-yɔɔ ndɔnjɔlɩyɛ paɣla siŋ ɛyʊ yɔɔ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ nɛ tɩlɩyɛ tɛ politiki nɔmɔʊ hɔɔlʊʊ taa yɔ.
Pɛrɩsɩ pamaɣzaɣ se kɩkɛ ɛyʊ waɖɛ ɖɩlɩyɛ kɛ kpaɣɖʊ lʊbɛ alɩwaatʊ taa pʊcɔ palʊlɩɣ Yeesu-Krɩstʊ Cyrus sɔsɔ tʊ kewiyaɣ alɩwaatʊ taa. Babylone you alɩwaatʊ wayɩ pɩnaɣ -539. Takayaɣ ŋga kawɩlɩɣna alɩwaatʊ ndʊ pʊcɔ pakpaɣ Babylone yɔ nɛ kawalɩwɩɣ keele Cyrus sɔsɔ tʊ tɛ lɩmaɣzaɣ Babylone mba tɛ.
Ɛ-tɛ kewiyitʊ kaalaba ɖeu mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ ɛɖʊwaɣ mba padaanɩɣ tɔm yɔ tʊma ɖoŋ ñɩnaa nɛ eyeki nɛ mba pakɛza-wɛ tɛtʊ yɔ papɩsɩɣ pa-ajɛyaa taa nɛ ɛpɩsɩna kɩlaʊ tɛ sɩʊkpelesi nzɩ paawona Babylone se papɩsɩna-zɩ pɛ-tɛ kiɖe tɛ Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ kpaŋ taa. Ɛhaɣ waɖɛ Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ ɛ-tɛ kewiyaɣ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Kajalaɣ ɛyʊ waɖɛ tɛ takayaɣ kaakɛ Virginie ɛjaɖɛ tɛ ŋga. Georges Mason manakɛ nɛ Virginie ɖama nɩnaʊ ŋgbɛɛ tisi pɩyɔɔ pɩnaɣ 1776 Mɩsɩkʊm fenaɣ kɩyaakʊ 12 –nɛ payaɣ nɛ Ɛnglɩsɩ taa se Bill of Rights américain.


text:
Sahara Wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ
Sahara Wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ kɛna ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-walanzɩ taa maɣna ɛzɩ 266 000 km2 yɔ nɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩwɛ Afrika nɛ hayi kiŋ. Ajɛya wena acɔ-ɖɩ nɛ ata yɔ ɑnɑ yɔ: hayi kiŋlɛ, Maarɔkɩ, hayi nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ Alizeerii, piyele kpaɣ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ nɛ ɖɩ-wɩsɩ taa nɛ ɖɩ-hadɛ kiŋ lɛ Moritanii ɛjaɖɛ, ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɛ ɖɩwɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ, Atɩlantiki, wɛna.
Sahara Wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩwɛ yem kpo, nɛ kedeŋa kpeekpe ajɛya kɩkpɛndɩɣŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ se ONU yɔ ɖɩtɔŋ size ɖɩfɛyɩna ɖɩ-tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊ paɣtʊ natʊyʊ kpaɣ ɖooo Ɛsɩpañɔɔlɩ waa kʊyʊʊ peeɖɛ kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 1976 yɔ.
Sahara Wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩɩkɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ Ɛsɩpañɔɔlɩ kpacayaɣ yɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-yɔɔ you nakʊyʊ wɛɛ nɛ kɩɩtɛŋ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ Maarɔkɩ ɛjaɖɛ nɛ Araabʊ Sarawii poyou nɛ lɛlʊ se ɛnʊ tɩna, lɛlʊ ɖɔɖɔ se ɛnʊ tɩna. Alɩzeerii ɛjaɖɛ ñaɖʊ ɖɩnɔɔ ɛlɛ ɖɩtɩnɩɣ Maarɔkɩ ɛɨaɖɛ yɔɔ kɛnɛ. Kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 1991 lɛ, Maarɔkɩ ɛjaɖɛ kandɩɣ Sahara Wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ ɛjaɖɛ yɔɔ ɛzɩ hiuwaa litoozo mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ yɔ.


text:
Yangzi Jiang pɔɔ

Yangzi Jiang (Sinuwa kɛlɛʊ taa lɛ: 扬子江, sɔnzɩ tɛ Sinuwa tɛ lɛ: 揚子江) kɛ pɔɔ ŋga kakɩlɩɣ ɖaɣlʊʊ Aazii kedeŋga taa yɔ. Ka-ɖalakɩŋ maɣna ɛzɩ kilomɛta waa 6.380. Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa lɛ, payaɣ pɔɔ ŋga se tɔlɩm kɩkpɛdɩm pɔɔ yaa Yaŋ-cɛ-Kɩyaŋ yaa Yaŋ-cɛ.
Pɔɔ hoɖe ɛzɩ 30 000 m3/s, kɛ ɖalakɩŋ kɩkɩlɩm taa lɩm pɔɔ natozo ŋga ɛjaɖɛ taa pɔɔsɩ kɩɖalasɩ taa Amazonii nɛ Niili pɔɔsɩ wayi. Kalɩna Tɩbɛtɩ nɛ mɛta waa 6621 kɛ Taŋkuula pʊŋ sɔsɔŋ taa ɛjaɖɛ ɛsɩndaa ɖɔmpɛ tɛ nɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ ɖɔmpɛ tiba tɩ-yɔ yɔ.

Kɛdɛzʊʊ kilomɛta waa 6380 pʊcɔ kɛkpɛndɩ Siini wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa teŋgʊʊ taa, Saŋkayi nɛ hayi kɩŋ Siini tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ. Kɛtɛzʊʊ na kinghai kewiyaɣ tɛtʊ taa nɛ Yunnan nɛ Sichuan nɛ Hubei nɛ Jiangxi nɛ Anhui nɛ Jiangsu nɛ kɛtɛzʊʊ ɖɔɖɔ Chongqing nɛ Nankin nɛ Caŋhayi agbeela sɔsɔna tɛtʊ.

Kɛ-tɛ kpeem taa lɛ, kamʊʊ pɔɔsɩ kɩkpɛdasɩ mɩnɩŋ lʊbɛ tɛ lɩm nɛ pɩpɩsɩ lɩm kajataɣ kpɛlɛkʊʊ fɛʊʊ kilomɛta waa miiliyɔɔ waa 1,8 kpɛɛ ko. Paa pɩnaɣ ŋga lɛ, kɛwɛna se kapɩyʊʊ lɩm megbaŋ kudoku Siini teŋguu taa nɛ pɩkɔŋna mʊʊzʊŋ sakɩyɛ pɔɔ nɔɔ yɔ.


text:
Moore kʋnʋŋ
Moree kɛna Purkina Fasoo ɛjaɖɛ taa kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ egeetiye nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ se Mosi yɔ ɖɩ-taa samaɣ kʊnʊŋ. Egeetiye nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa lɛ, pɩnaɣ 2006 taa pakalɩ klɩgalʊ lɛ ɛyaa 14 017 262 taa lɛ mba panɩɣ-kʊ yɔ pɛkpɛnda ɛzɩ 6 363 975 yɔ. Pʊtɔbʊ se ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa lɛ ɛyaa ɛzɩ 45,4 kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔ nɩʊ moree kʊnʊŋ.
Ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa lɛ moree kɛ tada tɩna nɛ nʊmɔ woɖaa kɩlɩɣ yɔɔdʊʊ.
Moree kʊnʊŋ masɩ kpɛnda 25 nɛ nzɩ yɔ:
A ʼ B D E Ɛ F G H I Ɩ K L M N O P R S T U Ʋ V W Y Z a ʼ b d e ɛ f g h i ɩ k l m n o p r s t u ʋ v w y z


text:
Fransɩyɔm
Fransɩyɔm, alɩwaatʊ natʊyʊ taa lɛ, paasɩma-ɩ hɩɖɛ ɖɩnɛyɔ se eka-sɛzɩyɔm nɛ akɩtɩnɩyɔm K, ɛkɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 87 nɛ yʊsaɣ ñɩŋa yɔ Fr. Ɛkɛ ñɩɣlɩm wonuu ŋgʊ kɩwɛna pʊzʊʊ ɖoŋ yɔ nɛ ɛtɔʊʊ cɛnzɩ yɔ. Marguerite Perey yana-ɩ hɩɖɛ nɖɩ pɩlɩna Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ hɩɖɛ ɖʊʊ yɔ.
Kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ kpata taa lɛ ɛkɛ pʊtʊ naalɛ weyi ɛwɛ kɩlɩ kɛtɛɖaɣ yɔ kɛ pʊtʊnaa hiŋ nakʊ nɛ naalɛ mba pɛwɛ kpata ŋgʊ kɩ-taa yɔ astatɩ wayi. Ɛwɛɛ kpaagbaa ŋñɩɩ yem kɩɖam waa hiŋ niitozo mbʊ yɔ tɛtʊ pɔɔɖɛ taa. Ɛtɔtɔyɩ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ eeleɖiɣ, pɔyɔkʊʊ akɩtɩnɩyɔ pʊcɔ pana-ɩ. Astatɩ pɩza ɖɔɖɔ se kɩlɩna ʊranɩyɔm taa yaa tɔrɩyɔm taa.
Pana fransɩyɔm pɩnaɣ 1939 Curie sukuli taa Paarii tɛtʊ taa pɩtɩŋna Marguerite Perey, alɩwaatʊ nʊ ɛñalaɣa lantanɩ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa kaawɛ akɩtɩnɩyɔm. Kpaɣ pɩnzɩ 1870 alɩwaatʊ taa, kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkɩyaa ŋgbɛyɛɛ maɣzɩ nɛ pɔtɔŋ se ɖʊʊyʊ pʊtʊ nɔyʊ tɛɖɩɣ nɛ ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 87, sɛzɩyɔm tɛɛ kɛ pʊtʊnaa pɩlɩyɛ taa. Paasɩma-ɩ nɛ hɩɖɛ ɖɩnɛ yɔ eka-sɛzɩyɔm.
Pɩnaɣ 1930 alɩwaaatʊ taa wɩlɩyʊ Fred Allison, Alabama tɩlɩyɛ sukuli taa yɔɔda pʊtʊ 87 natʊ tɔm. Allison yɔɔdɩ se payaa pʊtʊ ɛnʊ virginium, ɛ-ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa palʊla-ɩ yɔ hɩɖɛ kɛlɛ, nɛ ɛtɔŋ se ɛ-tɛ yʊsaɣ masɩ kɔyɔ Vi nɛ Vm. Mbʊ lɛ, pɩnaɣ 1934, wɩlɩyʊ MacPherson, Californe Berkeley sukuli kɩtɛzʋʋ taa, tɔŋ se pʊtʊ ɛnʊ ɛ-tɔm kɛ cɛtɩm tɔm.


text:
Raphael
Raffaello Sanzio kɛ Roma tʋ. Patɩlɩɩ toni nɛ hɩɖɛ nɖɩ yɔɖɩɖɩyɔ Raphael. Palʋlɩ-ɩ Urbino kɛ Itaalii ɛjaɖɛ taa kɛ efemiye loɖo ŋgʋ wine kɛ ɖomaɣ fenaɣ taa kɛ pɩnaɣ 1483 taa. Ɖɩtaasɔ size Roma kɛna Itaalii ɛjaɖɛ tɛ tɛtʋ susɔtʋ. Ɛ-caa yaa ɛ-lʋlʋyʋ kɔyɔ Giovanni Santi. Santi Raffaello da Urbino sɩba ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kʋɖʋmaɣ ŋga ka-taa kɛ efemiye loɖo wine kɛɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ kɛpɩnaɣ 1520 taa kɛ Itaalii tɛ tɛtʋ susɔtʋ nɖʋ payaɣ-tʋ size Roma yɔ tɩ-taa. Ɛ-lakaɣ tʋmasʋ sɔ na pɩŋŋ, nɛ nayɛ kɔyɔ: sɛmɩŋ taʋʋ tʋmɩyɛ, matʋ sʋsɔtʋ tʋmɩyɛ ndʋ tɩ yɔ ɛsɔ saɣkpala huwa lʋʋ tʋmɩyɛ yɔ. Ɛ-hɩlaa lɛɣ na kɔyɔ: Raffaello Santi, Raffaello da Urbino, nɛ Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino. Ɛ-caa lakaɣ ɖɔɖɔ tʋma sena ɛlakɩŋ nɔyɔ. Pɩyalʋ ɛnɛ yɔ ɛkɛkpɛlɛkʋyʋ ɛ-tʋmaɖɩlaɖɛ, peeɖe ɛ-kaɣkpaɣlɩmaza nɛ sɔlɩmtʋ maanaɣayɔ.Ɛ-ɖoo sɩbaɣ pɩnaɣ 1494 taa nɛ ɛ-caa kɛpɩnzɩ naadozo waɩkɛpɩnaɣ 1491 taa.


text:
Nepaalɩ
Nepaalɩ nɛ hadɛ kiŋ lɛ Siini ɛjaɖɛ wɛna piyele kpaɣna wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ Ɛndɩ tɛtʊ wadɩna. Nepaalɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa nikaɣ wɛ camɩyɛ Terayɩ hɔɔlʊʊ pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩ ɖenɖe keteŋa kpeekpe taa pʊŋ kɩla kʊyʊʊ yɔ.
Keteŋa kpeekpe taa pʊŋ hiu weyi ɛkɩlɩ kʊyʊʊ yɔ ɛ-taa lɛ panaɣ litozo Nepaalɩɛjaɖɛ taa; ɛ-taa kɔyɔ Everɛstɩ, pʊ kʊnɛ nɛ Tibɛtɩ pasɩna ɖama kamaɣ. Nepaalɩ kɛna ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩwɛna kajʊka kpem ɛsɩyɛ ekpena tɔm taa pɩlɩɩna mbʊ pɩwɛ peeɖe yɔ.
Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ nɛ ndʊ tɩ taa :es:indaa wobu kɩlaa yɔ lɛ Katɩmandʊ. Tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ lɛɛtʊ yɔ: Pokara, Lalipiiri, Paktaapiiri, Pirandranaagaari, Hɛtoda, Piitiwaali, Paratipuuri, Sidaritanagari, Pirigaani, Sankipuuri, Nepaaligaani, Taraŋ, Taŋgadɩ nɛ Mahɛndranagaarɩ.
Nepaalɩ ɛjaɖɛ mʊ ɖɩ-tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊ pɩnaɣ 1768 nɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩñʊʊtʊ kɩfalʊ payaɣ se ɖo-ɖoo Bidhya Devi Bhandari, piyele kewiyaɣ ñʊʊtʊ yɔ Khadga Prasad Sharma Oli. Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pɔyɔɔdɩɣ komina tʊma taa yɔ lɛ Nepaalɩ nɛ liidiye yɔ nepaalɩ rʊpii. Kʊnʊmɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ tɩnaa ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa ɛyaa ɖɛ ɛzɩ 60 yɔ.


text:
Teŋgu Kɩsɩbʋʋ
Teŋgu Kɩsɩbʋʋ kʋnɛyɔ, ŋgʋ ɖɔɖɔ paya yaa pɛcɛlaɣ hɩlaɣ anɛyɔ: «Loth teŋgu» nɛ «Ɖɔm teŋgu». Teŋgu Kɩsɩbʋʋ kʋnɛ kɩ-kɛna lɩŋgamʋʋ ɖɔm n̄ɩŋgʋ ŋgʋ kɩ-wɛ Izrɛɛlɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Teŋgu kʋnɛ yɔ, Izrɛɛlɩ, nɛ Zɔɔrdaanii, nɛ pɩtasɩna Palɛsɩtɩnɩ pɛtɛɛyʋʋna-kʋ.
Kɩ-wayɩ yɔɔ hɔɔlʋʋ walanzɩ makʋna ɛzɩ 810 kɛ mɛtɛ waa kudoku mbɩ yɔ. Jurdɛɛ (Jourdain) ɛjaɖɛ taa lɩm sʋsɔm lɩɣʋna nɛ pikpeŋ pɩtalɩɣ teŋgu kʋnɛ yɔ kɩ-taa nɛ pɩhaɣ kʋ ɖoŋ. Ɖɩtɔzɩ ɖɔɖɔ mbʋ yɔ size, lɩm pʋnɛyɔ pʋwɛ ɖɔm siŋŋ pɩfɛyɩ naʋ. Teŋgu lɩm kpem wobuu nɛ kɔm talɩɣ ɛzɩ 2 nɛ 4 mbɩyɔ mɩnʋʋ yɔ.
Nɛ Teŋgu Kɩsɩbʋʋ tɛ lɩm kpem wobuu nɛ kɔm n̄amakʋna yaa talɩɣ ɛzɩ 27,5 mbɩ yɔ mɩnʋʋ yɔ(yaa 275 kɩɖam kɛ litiɖi kʋɖʋmʋ mbɩ yɔ). Nɛ pɩyɔ lɛ, kpakpkpaya nakayɩ yaa aɖɔnɖɔlɛ naɖɩ ɛɛpɩzɩɣ ɖɩwɛ yaa ɖɩcaɣ loniye nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa kɛ wɛtʋ ndu tɩ-taa. Pɩyɔɔ yɔ payaɩ yaa pɛcɛlɛyɩ hɩɖɛ ɖɩnɛyɔ size Teŋgu Kɩsɩbʋʋ.
Ɖɔɖɔ ɛlɛ, ɖɩɖɔkɩ size, tamaɣ ɖʋʋ aŋgba ŋn̄ɩɩɩ waa ŋn̄ɩɩɩ waa n̄ɩm n̄ɩɣnʋʋ (plankton, nɛ bactéries waa, nɛ halophiles waa, nɛ pɩtasɩna halobacteria) wɛɛ nɛ puhuku camɩyɛ yem yɔɔlɩɩ. Nɛ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, pɩnaɣ 2011 taa lɛ, n̄ɩnɩyaa n̄ɩna nɛ pana yaa pehiɣ Teŋgu Kɩsɩbʋʋ kʋnɛ kɩ-tɛɛ kɛ, lɩm kululum kɩpam kʋn̄ɔn̄ɔm nabʋyʋ ɖɩlɩyɛ.
Lɩm kʋn̄ɔn̄ɔm mbʋ, pɩzɩna nɛ tɛtɛ kpɩna ŋn̄ɩɩɩ wezɩŋ n̄ɩna wena a-tɛkɛ yaa afɛyɩ halofili (halophiles) yɔ a-huu. Teŋgu Kɩsɩbʋʋ kʋnɛ, kɩ-lɩm kɛna lɩm kifidim ɖɔm mbʋ. Ɛlɛ, lɩm fɛɛʋ ɖɔm tɛ kifidim ɖeɣi ɖeɣi wɛ ndɩ nɛ Teŋgu Kɩsɩbʋʋ n̄ɩmbʋ tɛ.


text:
Yuulee cɛzʊ sɛmɩŋ
Yuulee cɛzʊ sɛmɩŋ kɛna tomnaɣ wɛɖʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩwɛ sɛmɩŋ kpɛdaɣ sɛmɩŋ nɛ yuulee maɣmaɣ sɛmɩŋ yɔ pɛ-hɛkʊ taa.
Yuulee sɛmɩŋ nɛ sɛmɩŋ lɛɛŋ pa-tʊkaɣ kjɛlɛ se leemu tomnaɣ wɛdʊʊ nɛ sɛmɩŋ yuulee pɛkpɛndɩna nɛ pɩlɩɩ sɛmɩŋ ɛnʊ. Yuulee cɛzʊ sɛmɩŋ ɛnɛ pataatisi ɛ-yɔɔ ɖooo lɛ, ɛlɛ pɩnaɣ 1520 kɛ ɛyaa naa se tɔlɩm nabʊyʊ wɛɛ nɛ pɩwɛ yuulee cɛzʊ sɛmɩŋ tɩyɛ; ɛlɛ pɩlɩna wɩyaʊ Héliogabale tɛ cɛjɛyɛ yɔɔ yaa ɛ-sɔɔçlɩm taa.
Yuulee sɛmɩŋ ɛɛnaɣ poliŋ ɛzɩ sɛmɩŋ maɣmaɣ yɔ nɛ tɔlɩm kɩkpɛdɩm kɛ pesiduu sɛmɩŋ tɔlɩm taa nɛ pɩwɛɛ ɛzɩ yuulee tɔlɩm tɩyɛ yɔ. Tɩŋ pe naayɛ wɛɛ lɛ, apʊʊ lɛ asɛʊ yuulee.


text:
The Beatles
The Beatles kɛna Pritaaniiki wondu teyaa nabɛyɩ pɛkpɛndɩ naanza nɛ palɩna Livɛɛrpuli; mba yɔ: John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison nɛ Ringo Starr. The Beatles kʊnɛ kɩɩkɛna rock nɛ paa ɛzɩ kɩɩyɔka ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1970 kɔyɔ, kɩɩkɛna wondu teyaa ŋgbɛyɛ nɖi ɛyaa kaakɩla sɔɔlɩɣ keteŋa kpeekpe taa yɔ. Wondu teyaa ŋgbɛyɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩlɩwa lɛ ɖiteleɖi, pɩnzɩ hiu ɖeke ɖɩlaba (1962 nɛ 1970), ɛlɛ ɖi-taa wondu teyaa panɛ palɩza wondu tewu tatasɩ kɩfasɩ hiu nɛ naalɛ nɛ polu wondu mɩnɩŋ naalɛ. Ɛyaa panɛ po-wondu lubu taa caɣ kacʊka pɩnzɩ 1963 nɛ 1966. Pɔɖɔna yɛlɩɣ yɛlɩɣ nɛ palɩzɩ wondu tewu takayasɩ lʊbɛ, siŋili waa hiu nɛ naatozo nɛ EPS waa hiu nɛ naalɛ. Payaɣ Beatles wondu teyaa mba se Beatlemania.
Pinzɩ 1960 taa, Beatlemania wondu pakɩlaɣ ɖʊʊ paa le nɛ po-wondu ndʊ tɩmʊwaɣna patʊ ndɩ sakɩyɛ, kpaɣ ɛzɩ: jazz, salsa, reggae, soul yaa ɖoo lɔnda wondu nɛ parɔkɩ. Pɩkɔma pɩtalɩ pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ nɛɛlɛ nɛ kʊɖʊm taa lɛ papaɣzɩ Beatlemania wondu ɖʊʊ ɖɔɖɔ nɛ tɩɖaɣnɩ wɛu ɛyaa nɩŋgbaaŋ taa ɛzɩ kɩfatʊ yɔ. Wondu teyaa panɛ pa-naanza pa-taa lɛ Lennon nɛ McCartney kɛ ɛyaa kpaɣa se mba lɩzɩna The Beatles nɛ eyaa kpakʊɣ po-wondu nɛ nɛ pamaazɩɣna nɛ poluki pɛ-ndʊ.
The Beatles kɛna keteŋga kpeekpe yɔɔ wondu teya mba pakɩlɩ pɛ-tɛ wondu tewu tatasɩ kɛ pɛtɩɣ yɔ. Mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ EMI ñɩnaa nɛ pana se pɩnaɣ 1980 taa pɛpɛda CD waa pɩɖɛ ɛzɩ miliyaarɩ yɔ nɛ powolo Ɛɛndɩ pɩtalɩ ɛzɩ tam 78 yɔ. Pɩtalɩɣ nɛ sɔnɔ yɔ, wondu takayasɩ nzɩ pɛpɛda yɔ sɩɖɛ ɛzɩ miliyaarɩwaa naalɛ yɔ.
Po-wondu natʊyʊ payaɣ se Yesterday (pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se Ɖeɖe), tɩtala ɛzɩ kutokiŋ niitozo yɔ, nɛ pañɩnaa nɛ pala akɔntanaa lɛ, pana se paɖu-tʊ radiyoonaa taa kpem kɛ keteŋa kpeekpe taa paa pɩkɩlɩ ɛzɩma yɔ tam kʊɖumbʊ efemiye taa. The Beatles waa panɛ, pɩpazaa nɛ pɩsɩna keteŋa kpeekpe kɛ kɛ-ɛsɩnda wobu nʊmɔʊ taa pɩlɩna tɔm pee wena peteɣ yɔ, po-wondu suu taa, pa-ñʊŋ taa maɣzɩm taa, pɔ-nɔsɩ taa leleŋ taa nɛ pɔ-lɔŋ sɩnɖɛ taa.


text:
Tɩ-yɔɔ wɛʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ labʊ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ
Tɔm kɛdɩtʊ taa lɛ, tɩ-yɔɔ wɛʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ labʊ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ kɛ ɛyʊ yɔɔ politiki lɩmaɣzɩyɛ tɔm pɩlɩna ɛyʊ tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊʊ tɔm nɛ mbʊ patɩlɩ ɛyʊ kɛ pɩyʊ e-fezuu caɣʊʊ taa yɔ. Maɣzɩm mbʊ pɩ-tɛ kiɖe tɔm kɛlɛ paa weyi ɛtɩlɩ lɛlʊ wɛna ɖooo lʊlʊʊ taa waɖɛ pʊcɔ ɛlɩɩ nɛ ɛmaɣna ɛjaɖɛ yɔɔ ñɩndʊ, nɛ paɣtʊ natʊyʊ fɛyɩ se tɩpɩzɩɣ tɩñazɩ-ɩ, nɛ tɩsɔɔlɩ ɖɔɖɔ se paa pɩzɩɣ ɛyɔɔdɩ ndʊ ɛmaɣzʊʊ yɔ. Tɔsʊʊ huu nɔmɔʊ taa lɛ, tɩcaɣ paa anɩ ɛwɛɛ ɛ-tɩ yɔɔ nɛ ɛlakɩ mbʊ ɛpɩzɩɣ yɔ, ña-ñɩm ɛkɛ ña-ñɩm kɛlɛ ɖɩcɔŋna lɛ ɛ nɛ menɖeke mañɩm tɩnaa lɩmaɣzɩyɛ pacaɣ palɩɩ ɖama. Samaɣ ɛsɩnda nɛ politiki lɩmaɣza naa ndɩ ndɩ ɛsɩndaa pɩfɛyɩ paɣtʊ natʊyʊ ɛɖaŋ ɛyʊ yaa tɩma ɛyʊ.
Tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊʊ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ tɔbʊʊ nɩɣ tɔm wɛ ɛyʊ yɔɔ kandɩyʊ waɖɛ takayɩ hɔɔlaɣ 4 ŋga taa pɩnaɣ 1789, mbʊ lɛ pɔtɔŋ tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊʊ kɛ wɛtʊ kpeekpe ndʊ yee ɛyʊ lɛlʊ ɛlakɩ pɩyʊ yɔ pɩtaa cɛyɩ lɛlʊ yɔ yaa pɩtaa kayɩ-ɩ kaʊʊ, mbʊ lɛ tɩlabʊ taa fɛyɩ kamaɣ pɩyɛ naɖɩyɛ yee pɩtɛkɛ mbʊ se pɩkɛna lɛlʊ kɔyɔ. kɛlɛ mʊntʊsʊʊ alɩwaatʊ taa ɛyʊ maɣzɩm tʊmɩyɛ tɩnaa nabayɛ ñɔtɔŋ tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊʊ tɔm kɛ paɣtʊ ndʊ tɩtaha nɔmɔʊ ɛgɔm ñɩndʊ natʊyʊ kaʊʊ yɔ yee tɩtɛkɛ ndʊ mɔnsɔɔla yɔ. Kɛlɛ pɩ-tɛ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ tɩ-tɔm tɩcaɣ kpaagbaa kpem ɛyaa nabayɛ naalɛ, mba yɔ Jeremy Bentham nɛ John Stuart Mill.
Tɔmpiye tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊʊ lɩ Fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ, ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1818 wɛɛ taa kɛ Maine Biran tʊ cɔlɔ. Pɩtasɩɩna piyeke yʊsɩyʊ tɩ yɔɔ kaawɛɛ pʊcɔ tɔmɩŋ kɩfaŋ alɩwaatʊ nɛ ɖɩ-tɔbʊʊ kaakɛ se kpaɣʊʊ nɛ kpeɣuu lɩmaɣza kɛ Ɖooo kɩbɩnjaazɩ wɛɛ nɛ Hɛkʊ Hɛkʊ alɩwaatʊ taa, palʊkaɣ ɛyʊ waɖɛ tɔm yɔɔ nɛ kpɛŋgbɛzɛmɩtʊ tɔm yɔɔ kpaɣ mʊntʊsʊʊ kpaɣɖɩŋ wɛɛ taa.
Pɩkɔma kedeŋga kpeekpe you naalɛ ŋgʊ wayi lɛ, tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊʊ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ ɖaɣnaɩ ɖoŋ kpaɣʊʊ pɩtɩŋna Alain, Bertrand de Jouvenel, Raymond Aron yaa Karl Popper nɛ Benedetto Croce pɔyɔɔ. Mbʊ lɛ papaza-tʊ labʊ Erɔpʊ ajɛyɛ taa ɛzɩ pɩkɛ ɛyaa kpeekpe tɔsʊʊ kɩyakʊ, ɛzɩ Caama tʊ Wilhelm Röpke yɔ. Piritaniiki tɩ yɔɔ hɔɔlʊʊ taa lɛ William Beveridge kɛ Insurance and Allied Services laba lɩmaɣza piŋ mbʊ pasɩɩ Welfare State yɔ nɛ samaɣ yɔɔ kandʊʊ kɛ Erɔpʊ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ ajɛyɛ taa yɔ. Ɖeɖe nɛ sɔnɔ yɔ tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊʊ maɣzɩm wɛna seɣtiyaa piŋ ɛyaa mba pɛkɛ tʊsʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ tɩnaa pa-taa kɔyɔ Amartya Sen, samaɣ tʊmɩyɛ tɩnaa ɛzɩ Raymond Boudon, nɛ takayasɩ kɩkalasɩ mayaa ɛzɩ Mario Vargas Llosa nɛ Gabriel García Márquez.


text:
Haɖaʋ
Haɖaʋ tʋmɩyɛ yaa hayɩm tɔmɩyɛ payaɣna Fransɩ kʋnʋŋ taa size "agriculture". Haɖaʋ kɛna samaɣ paa ŋga lɛ ka-tʋmɩyɛ. Haɖaʋ kɛ tɛtʋ yɔ tʋmɩyɛ kajalaɣ nɖɛ. Ɛyʋ wezuu keekee wɛ haɖaʋ yɔɔ kɛnɛ. Hayɩm tʋmɩyɛ taa pehikuu wezuu caɣʋʋ tɔɔnaɣ.
Paa egeetiye nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa ŋtala kɔyɔ, ŋna size haɖʋ yaa hayɩm tʋmɩyɛ wɛɛ lone nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa peeɖe. Pɩkɛna tɛtʋ yɔ tʋmɩyɛ. Papɩsʋʋ tɛtʋ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɩ nɛ poɖuu yaa pɔsɔ tɔɔnaɣ kʋtɔwaa. Ɛjaɖɛ yaa kedeŋa n̄ɩm kɛna ɖɔɖɔ tɛtɛ kpɩna kɛ tɔɔnaɣ n̄ɩnʋʋ lone kajalaɣ nɖɛ.
Pahayʋ nɛ pehuu tɔɔnaɣ nɛ pɔcɔnana ɖɔɖɔ kɛ tɛtɛ kpɩna ndɩ ndɩ yɔɔ. Kedeŋa yaa ɛjaɖɛ yɔ n̄ɩm wazʋʋ ɛyʋ ɖɔɖɔ siŋŋ. Ɖɩkpaɣ ɛzɩ n̄ɩtʋ nɛ cɔka mbɩ yɔ, pɩkɛna mʋzʋŋ kɛ haɖaʋ hɔɔlʋʋ taa. Tɛtɛ kpɩna kpeekpee pɩndʋ ɖɔɖɔ kɛna mʋzʋŋ kɛ haɖaʋ yaa hayɩm tʋmɩyɛ taa.
Haɖaʋ kpɛlɛkʋʋ sukili kɛ hɔɔlʋʋ sɔsɔʋ ŋgʋ kɩ-taa nɛ tʋma yaa kɩkpɛndʋ kɩ-taa tʋma sakɩyɛ ndɩ ndɩ yɔ kɛ pɩkpaʋ nɛ ɖoo kpaɖʋ yaa wɛɛ hiu nɛ nakʋ (19) n̄ɩŋgʋ taa yɔ. Haɖaʋ sukili ŋgʋ kɩ-taa peeɖe pɛkpɛlɛkʋʋ haɖaʋ lɛɣtʋ, tɛtʋ mʋzʋŋ ɖʋʋ, tɛtʋ kɩ-pandʋ tɩlʋ nɛ tɩ-yɔɔ haɖaʋ.
Haɖaʋ kɛ tɔɔnaɣ paa ŋga kaɖɩn̄ɩnɩyɛ. Peyeba haɖaʋ kedeŋa yaa ɛjaɖɛ yɔɔ cɩnɛ kɔyɔ, nɔɔyʋ fɛyɩ size ɛpɩzʋ nɛ ɛ-danɩ caɣʋʋ yaa ɛwɛ wezuu. Tɔɔnasɩ kɩhayɩsɩ nasɩyɛ hɩla kɔyɔ : saamɩla, sona, mɔʋ, mɩsɩ, sooja, hɛɛ nɛ tɔɔnasɩ lɛɛsɩ sakɩyɛ.


text:
Tɩmaatɩ
Tɩmaatɩ kɛna ɖozi nzɩ sɩlɩna Amerika ilemiye taa nɛ hadɛ kiŋ hʊʊlʊʊ taa yɔ.Papɩɩzʊʊ pɔtɔɔ tɩmaatɩ nɛ lɛŋ yaa pehili. Tɩmaatɩ wɛɛ ndɩ ndɩ: natʊyʊ wɛ kpataaɖaa kpataɖaa nɛ payaa-tʊ se kabɩyɛ tɩmaatɩ, lɛɛtʊ wɛ lɔbɔɔ lɔbɔɔ nɛ payaɣ-tʊ se heu yaa haɣ ladɩyɛ, natʊyʊ wɛ kuŋgulum kuŋgulum nɛ natʊyʊ ɖɔɖɔ kɛ payaɣ se gbooboo yaa.
Tɩmaatɩ ndʊ tɩtɛsɛɛ yɔ ndʊ payaɣ se akoya nɛ paapɩzʊʊ pɔtɔɔ-tʊ yaa pehilina ɖozɩ. Ndʊ pehiluu yɔ pɩkɛna kɩjɛyʊʊ se tɩpɩɩcamɩyɛ nɛ tɩsɛɛ pɩtɛkɛ mbʊ tɩwɛʊ ñɩmɩŋ yaa siziŋ.Tɩmaatɩ ɖizi fɛyɩ sotu tɩwɛ yadaʊ nɛ tɔmbɔlʊ yaa mɔʊ kɛ pakɩlɩɣna ɖozi nzɩ tɔɔnaʊ. Pahayʊ-tʊ yɔ pamɩzʊ tɩ-pee añɔ pʊcɔ pɔsɔ-tʊ. Tɩŋ cikpeŋ weyi pɔsɔʊ yɔ, papɩsʊʊ pɔsɔ-ɩ ayaama taa yem yaa fɛɛnʊʊ taa yaa paa ɛzɩ kuzontu taa ɛlɛ pɩwɛɛ se heelim nɛ wɩsɩ pikeŋ pazɩ pazɩ. Tɩmaatɩ naʊ mbʊ yɔ, kɩɩwɛɛkɩɣ yem: papɩzʊ patɩzɩ-kʊ nɛ kɩpɩsɩ tɔɖɩɩɩ nɛ paɖʊ nʊm nabʊyʊʊtɩ-yɔɔ nɛ pasɩɩ fenasi cabɩ pɩɩwɛɛkʊʊ. Tɩmaatɩnaa wɛna pɩlɩŋ sakɩyɛ nɛ nɩɩyɛ pɩzɩɣ
ɩwɛɛ lʊlʊʊ yɔɔ pɩnzɩ sakɩyɛ nɛ nɩɩyɛ lɛ, pɩnaɣ kʊɖʊmaɣ ɖeke tɩlʊlʊʊ.


text:
Hɔzʋʋ lotu
Hɔzʋʋ lotu kɛna malɩfa sɔsɔʋ nakʋyʋ. Malɩfa kʋnɛ, kɩkɛna malɩfa miŋ n̄ɩŋgʋ ŋgʋ kʋwɛ kɛŋgɛ tɩyɛ yɔ. Ŋna-kʋ ɖɔ, ŋnaɣ size kɩpaɣlɩ siŋŋ.
Malɩfa kʋnɛ, kɩwazaɣ siŋŋ kɛlɛ size, ɛzɩma ɛnʋʋ sɩzɩ pɔlɔʋ kʋ kʋlɔʋ yɔ yɔ, kɩtalɩ ɖoo poliŋ taa nɛ pɩcɔ kɩmɩzɩ kɩ-tɩ. Kɩ-taa paɖʋ pɩyɛ yuŋ n̄ɩnɖɛ nɖɩ pʋ-tɔʋ ɖɩ nɛ ɖɩ-mɩzɩ yɔ. Pɔtɔ hɔzʋʋ lotu malɩfa kʋnɛ kɩ-talɩɣ poliŋ siŋŋ.
Ɖoo kiɖe tɛ lɛ, payawaɣ malɩfa lotu n̄ɩŋgʋ kʋnɛ size pulee. Pulee tɔbʋʋ kɛlɛ kɛlɛʋ size putuuɖe. Ŋna-kʋ kɩwɛ putuuɖe tɩyɛ nɛ ŋɖɔka-ɖɩ nɛ ŋtɩ yebuɖi nɛ ɖɩtɔlɩ kɔyɔ, ŋna size ɖipilimuu.
Putuuɖe nɖɩ, ɖɩwɛ ɛzɩ n̄ɩɣyʋʋ yaa n̄ɩɣtʋ n̄ɩɣɖɛ tɩyɛ yɔ.


text:
Mahomet
Mahomet (ceu kʊnʊŋ taa محمد, paɖɩnɩɣ maʊ se Muḥammad), ɖɔɖɔ pɛɖɛyɩ se Muḥammad yaa Mohammed, ɛ-hɩɖɛ tɩŋa yɔ Abū al-Qāsim Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib ibn Hāshim, ɛkɛ Ɛsɔ tɔm mʊyʊ, ɛlakɩ politiki tɔm nɛ arabɩ sɔɔja, ɛ-tɛ nɛ Quraych kiŋ. Ɛnʊ tɩna malɩŋ Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ ŋgbɛyɛ kiɖe, pakpaɣ-ɩ ɛzɩ ɛkɛ nayʊ siŋ. Malɩŋ ɛyaa kpekiɣ se pʊwɛzɩ palʊla-ɩ Mecque pɩnaɣ 570 cɔlɔ mbʊ yɔ nɛ ɛsɩ Medine pɩnaɣ 632.
Malɩŋ tɛ ñɔʊʊ nɛ ɖɩ-wazaɣ pazaɣ pɩcaɣ ɛyaa fezuu caʊʊ yɔɔ piŋ pɩ-tɛ wɛɛ ana a-taa, yebina nɛ Mahomet pɩsɩ sɩʊʊ siŋ tɔm kɛdɩtʊ taa. Kɛlɛ ɛ-tɔm kɛdɩtʊ caɣ ntɔnjɔɔlɩyɛ, mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, aseeɖe tɔm natʊyʊ tɔɖɔɔ ɛ-yɔɔ siŋ, pɩwɛɛ kaɖɛ se pɔyɔɔdɩ ɛ-yɔɔ tɔm keeke ɛzɩ ɛkɛʊ Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ ŋgbɛyɛ sɔsɔyɛ ndɩ yɔ ɖɩ-nɔɔ yɔɔ tʊ. Ceu tɔm takayaɣ maɣmaɣ taa, pɔyɔɔda ɛ-tɔm ŋñɩɩ yem. Tɔm naananza yeke koŋ pɔyɔɔda ɛ-yɔɔ tɔm takayaɣ ŋga ka-taa ŋgʊ ɛnʊ ɛzɩ Yesuu weyi paya-ɩ se 'Īsā, yɔ pɔyɔɔda ɛlɛ tɔm halɩ tam hiu nɛ naalɛ taa mbʊ yɔ halɩ pacʊnɩ-ɩ kpem pɩkɩlɩ Mahomet tɩtɩŋa ɛzɩ pɛɖɛyɩ-ɩ se ɛkɛ Messi, ɖɔɖɔ lɛ se ɛkɛ Ɛsɔ Fezuu Kiɖeɖeu (sourate ñʊŋ 4 ŋtalɩ 91).
Ceu takayaɣ taa lɛ paya Mahomet se ummî, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se kɩsɩŋɩlʊʊ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ ɛtaatɩlɩ kalʊʊ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ ɛɛsɩŋ maʊʊ tɔm. Kɛlɛ paa mbʊ yɔ nabayɛ cɔlɔ lɛ, petekizi se ɛɛsɩŋ kɩbɩnjaazɩ tɔm nɛ kɩbɩnjaazɩ matʊ. Lalaa cɔlɔ hɩɖɛ nɖɩ se ummî tɔbʊʊ ɛ-tɛ nɛ ɛyaa mba pɛ-tɛ paasɩŋ kalɩtʊ nɛ matʊ yɔ yaa ɛyaa mba matʊ kiɖeɖetu yɔ. Pʊwayi payɩ yɔ, tɔm kɛdɩyʊ Mohamed Talbi tɔŋ se ɛɛsɩma kalɩtʊ piŋ nɛ matʊ nɛ ɛ-ɛsa kaakula camɩyɛ.
`Abdullâh ibn `Abd al-Muttalib nɛ Amina bint Wahb palʊlana-ɩ. `Abdullah kaakɛ `Abd Al-Muttalib pɩyalʊ, ɛlɛ maɣmaɣ kɛ Hachîm pɩɣa, Quraychite waa tɛ wiyaʊ pɩɣa, ɛnʊ kɛna Mecque komina ñʊʊ tʊ, ɛnʊ cɔnɩna Kaba ɖɩɣa ñɩm yɔɔ. Amina ñaakɛ Whab ibn `Abd Al-Manaf, ɛlɛ ñaakɛna tamaɣ tɔyʊʊ kɛ Banu Zuhrah cejewiye taa.


text:
Alɩpʊwaa
Pʊŋ sɔsɔŋ nɩɩyɛ pɩlɩ ɖama yɔɔ nɛ payaa-ɩ se alɩpʊwaa. Ɛwɛ kʊhʊlʊmaa tɛtʊ ilemiye taa, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se ɛwɛ Erɔpʊ tɛtʊ ilemiye taa. Ɛpɩlaa, kpaɣna Itaalii ɛjaɖɛ hayi kiŋ kamaɣ yɔɔ nɛ puwolo Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ nɛ hadɛ kiŋ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ hɔɔlʊʊ taa nɛ pɩɖɛɛ Monako nɛ Suwiisi nɛ Lisitɛnsɩtayɩnɩ nɛ Otirisi nɛ Caama nɛ hadɛ kiŋ nɛ Siloveni pa-ajɛya taa.
Alɩpʊ pʊŋ kʊyaa pɩtalɩ mɛtɛnaa 4 809 pʊʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ se Pʊʊ kʊhʊlʊmʊʊ (Mont Blanc) yɔ kʊ-ñʊʊ taa. Pʊŋ ɛnʊ ɛ-taa lɛ, papɩzɩɣ pakalɩ pʊŋ weyi ɛkɩlɩ kʊyʊʊ kpem yɔ pɩtalɩ pʊŋ nɩɩnʊwa nɛ niidozo nɛ pʊŋ naalɛ (82). Ɛ-kʊkʊyɩmɩŋ cɛzɩ mɛtɛnaa 4 000 yɔɔ. Suwiisi ɛjaɖɛ taa pʊʊ kʊkʊyɩmɩŋ kɛ mɛtɛnaa nɩɩnaza nɛ lutozo (48). Itaalii ɛjaɖɛ taa ñɩŋgʊ kʊkʊyɩmɩŋ ñɛkɛ mɛtɛnaa niidozo nɛ lutozo (38) nɛ Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa pʊʊ kʊkʊyɩmɩŋ ñɛkɛ mɛtɛnaa nɩɩlɛ nɛ naanza (24). Mbʊ pɩtamsɩna pʊŋ ɛnʊ nɛ kɛdɛnzɩ yaa ajɛya yɔ, pʊkʊyaa pɩcɛzɩ mɛtɛnaa kudokuŋ naalɛ (2 000). Kpaɣna Meditɛɛranee teŋgʊ nɛ puwolo Daniibi (Danube) pɔɔ lɛ, alɩpʊwaa hɔma pɩtalɩ kilomɛtɛnaa 1 200.


text:
Kpaŋ kʊdɔŋ
Kpaŋ kʊdɔŋ papɩzɩɣ paya-kʊ ɖɔɖɔ se maɣzɩm taa taa kʊdɔŋ yaa fitenum taa kʊdɔŋ, pɩkɛ ñʊʊ taa fitenum tɛ cɔʊ mbʊ pɩpɩzɩɣ nɛ pʊkɔna ɛyʊ tɩlasɩ sakɩyɛ yɔ. Pɩkɛ kʊñɔŋ nɛ ɛyʊ fezuu caɣʊ mbʊ pɩɩkɛɖʊʊ nɛ ɛyʊ yɔ.
kɩpɩzɩɣ kɩwɛ ɖoŋ yaa tuda nɛ kɩwɛ paa ɖoye. Ɛyʊ ɛnʊ ɛ-ɛyaa, ɛ-ñɩma yaa ɛ-cɔlɔ caɣyaa pɩzɩɣ nɛ potukuna fɛɖaa yaa ɛyʊ weyi ɛkpɛkɩ ñʊʊ taa maɣzɩm kʊdɔŋ fɛbɩtʊ yɔ yaa kpaŋ kʊdɔmɩŋ wazɩyʊ yaa maɣzɩm taa tazɩyʊ yɔɔ tɛlɩyʊ.
Akpatayɩtʊ yaa ɛyʊ tɛ hʊʊ yaa laŋgbɛzɩyɛ nɛ kpaŋ ŋgʊ kɩlɩna taba kʊyɔɔ cɔlɔ yaa sʊlʊm ɖoŋ mbʊ cɔlɔ, niɣzɩyɛ sɔsɔyɛ yaa sɔndʊʊ sɔsɔtʊ, tɔɔnasɩ taa wɛtʊ ndɩ ndɩ ndʊ tɩfɛyɩ camɩyɛ yɔ, fitenum taa cɔʊ nɛ yaa ñʊŋ naalɛ tʊ kɛ mbʊ ɛzɩ pɩwɩlɩɣ kpaŋ kʊdɔŋ tɔm yɔ.
Wɛtʊ natʊyʊ taa lɛ, pɩkɛ kɩjɛyʊ se pakpa pɩtɛ ɛyʊ ɛnʊ nɛ pasɩ-ɩ fɛɖaa tɛ paa ɛtɔsɔlɩ kɔyɔ yee paɣtʊ ɛpɔzɩɣ mbʊ yɔ kɔzɩ kɔzɩ kpaŋ tɩnaa ɖɔkɔtɔ naa taa. Ñʊʊ taa maɣzɩm taa takɩyaa wɩla nɛ pana, patɩŋna wɛtʊ naa sakɩyɛ yɔ, pʊtɔma tɔmpee pɔzɩtʊ yaa kʊdɔntʊ cɔnaʊ, nɛ pɩtɩŋna pɩyɔɔ nɛ pawazɩɣ kʊdɔndɩna sakɩyɛ pɩlɩna pɛ-tɛ kpaŋ yɔ.
Kpaŋ kʊdɔŋ tɛ alaafɩya tɛ nɩɣ wɛ ndɩ pɩlɩna alɩwaatʊ nɛ ɛsakuliye cɔlɔ. Ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ kɩ-tɛ tɔbʊʊ nɩɣʊ, kɩ-tɛ ɖɩjayɛ nɛ kɩ-yɔɔ ndɔnjɔlɩyɛ. Ɖama wayɩ lɩɣʊ ɛyaa taa nɛ ɖama tɛzɩtʊ sɔzɩɣ ɛyʊ kʊjɔŋ yɔɔ nɛ pɩtɩnɩɣ lɩmaɣza yɔɔ nɛ pɩpɩsɩɣ ɛyʊ kpaŋ tʊ. Pʊyɔɔ yɔ patʊlɩɣ aŋgbaa nayɛ ɛyaa hɛkɩŋ nɛ ketiizasi se palʊbɩna ɖooo lɔŋ maɣzɩm.
Kedenga kpeekpe ajɛyɛ lɩmaɣzaɣ yɔɔ lɛ, ɖɔkɔtɔ naa tɛ takayasɩ sakɩyɛ lakɩ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ tɔmpee kpaŋ kʊdɔŋ yaa fetenum taa kʊdɔŋ. Ɖeɖe nɛ sɔnɔ yɔ wɛtʊ natʊlɛ pasɩwaɣ nɛ palakɩna tʊmɩyɛ pɩlɩna kpaŋ kʊdɔmɩŋ.
Kedeŋga kpeekpe kʊdɔmɩŋ pɩlɩɣ (CIM-10), ndʊ OMS ŋgbɛyɛ nɛ kʊdɔŋ naɣʊ wonduu nɛ ɖiuu ɖiuu maɣzɩm taa kʊdɔmɩŋ (DSM-V) ndʊ Amerika taa maɣzɩm taa kʊdɔmɩŋ wazɩyaa ŋgbɛyɛ (APP) sʊzaa yɔ. Papɩzɩɣ pawazɩɣ kpaŋ kʊdɔŋ pɩlɩna kɩ-tɛ ɖoŋ cɔlɔ.


text:
Kɩyʋsʋnaʋ
Kʋnʋŋ maʋ paɣtʋ taa lɛ, kʋyʋsɩnaʋ kɛ tɔmpiye nɖɩ ɖɩsɔzʋʋ hɩɖɛ yɔɔ nɛ ɖɩsamna-ɖɩ yɔ. Kʋyʋsɩnaʋ yekina nɛ hɩɖɛ wɛɛna tɔbʋʋ nɩʋ tɔm loyaɣ taa.
Kʋyɩsɩnaʋ wɛ ɛzɩ tɔmbiye cɔlɩyɛ nɛ yʋsʋʋ tɔmbiye tɔm loyaɣ taa yɔ. Payaɣ kɩyʋsʋnaʋ ɖɔɖɔ se yʋsaɣ pʋyʋ alɩwaatʋ ndʋ ɛtʋŋ tʋmɩyɛ lɛɛɖɛ tɔm loyaɣ taa yɔ.
Kɩyʋsɩnɩyaa mba payʋsʋʋ yɔ, pa nɛ paɣtʋ loyisi pɛkpɛndɩɣ nɛ ɛyʋ pɩzɩ eɖizina yʋsɩyaa pɩlɩʋ. Kɩyʋsɩnɩyaa panɛ pɛwɛ ndɩ nɛ kɩyʋsɩnɩyaa lalaa.
Tɔmɩŋ kikpiyiŋ kʋnʋmɩŋ nɩɩyɛ taa lɛ, kɩyʋsʋnaʋ kpiliɣ. Yee kʋnʋmɩŋ ɛnɩ, ɛfɛyɩnɩ kazuyɛɛlɩ lakasɩ yɔ, pɔyɔɔdʋʋ se kɩyʋsɩnaʋ wɛtʋ lɩɣna hɩɖɛ nɖɩ kɩyʋsʋʋ yɔ kʋ-cɔlɔ. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se, kɩyʋsʋnaʋ ɖaɣnɩɣ wɛnaʋ tɔm maʋ paɣtʋ cáńzɩ ɛzɩ wɛtʋ yaa ñʋʋ.


text:
Mɛkɩsiiki (Ɛjaɖɛ)
Mɛkɩsiiki kɛna Amerika nɛ hayʊ nɛ hɛkʊ nɛ hɛkʊ taa ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ. Hadɛ kiŋ lɛ, ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩsɩna kamaɣ kɛ Kuwatemala nɛ Peelizi, hayʊ kiŋ lɛ Etaazuunii, wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ Mɛkɩsiiki lɩŋgamʊʊ nɛ Karayiibi teŋgu piyele nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa lɛ Pasɩfiki Lɩŋamʋʋ. Keteŋa kpeekpe taa lɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩkɛ hiu nɛ naanza ñɩnɖɛ kɛ walanzɩ taa. Ɖɩ-walanzɩ taa wɛ ɛzɩ 2 000 000 km2 yɔ nɛ ɖɩkɛ 11 ñɩnɖɛ kɛ ɛyaa ɖɔʊ taa.
Keteŋa kpeekpe liidiye koozaɣ sɔsɔwa tɔŋ se pɩnaɣ 2014 taa lɛ ɛyaa kpɛnda miliyɔɔna 123,8 nɛ pa-taa lɛ sakɩyɛ yɔɔdɩɣ ɛsɩpañɔɔlɩ. Mɛkɩsiiki taa ajɛya cɩkpena wɛ hiuwaa naatozo nɛ kʊɖʊm nɛ pɩtasɩna ɖenɖe tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ Mɛkɩsiikoo wɛɛ yɔ.
Ɖooo pɩnzɩ 1521 taa kɛ Ɛsɩpaañɩ paɣzɩ Mɛkɩsiiki kpacayʊʊ pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩ ɛzɩ pɩnzɩ 300 yɔ nɛ pɩkɔma pɩtalɩ pɩnaɣ 1810 ɛlɛ Mɛkɩsiiki ñɩnɩʊ kpem se kɩwɛɛ kɩ-tɩ yɔɔ. Pɩnaɣ 1813 taa lɛ, M;kɩsiiki se kɩwɛ kɩ-tɩ yɔɔ ɛlɛ pɩnaɣ 1821 taa kɛ pɔkɔma papɩzɩ nɛ pɛwɛɛ pa-tɩ yɔlɔ yelie.
Kpana mbʊ yɔ, yoŋ ɖeke wɛna nɛ ɖiuɖiu caaʊ fɛyɩ. Pɩkɔma pɩla se Porfirio Diaz kpaɣ kpelaɣ lɛ laŋhɛzɩyɛ nɛ ɖiuɖiu caaʊ wɛɛ. Pɩnaɣ 1910 taa kɛ pakʊ Porfirio Diaz.
Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩkɛna kacalaɣ ñɩnɖɛ kɛ Ameriki-latiini taa se ɖɩsʊʊ OCDE taa. Mɛkɩsiiki wɛ ONU taa, OMC taa, G20 taa nɛ keteŋa yɔɔ aŋgba sɔsɔna taa. Ɛsɩyɛ ekpena nʊmɔʊ taa lɛ, ɖɩkɛna hiu nɛ naatozo ñɩnɖɛ wena a-taa ɛyaa kɩlɩɣ wobu yɔ.


text:
Tɩɩŋa
Tɩɩŋa kɛna ɛsɔtaa tomnasɩ nzɩ sɩwwɛɛ nɛ sɩnɩlɩzɩɣ yɔ. Tomnasɩ nzɩ sɩwɛ heliminaɣ tɩyɛ nɛ sɩwɛɛ heelim taa yem. Tɩɩnzɩ wɛ ndɩ ndɩ nɛ sɩkɩla ɖama paɣlɩka nɛ sɔsɔtʊ ɖɔɖɔ. Nasɩyɛ ñɛkɛ kɩpɩnzɩ ɛlɛ, sɩwɛ ñɩɩɩ nɛ sɩtaapaɣlɩ, nɛ lɛɛsɩ lɛ, sɩkɛ kɩfasɩ nɛ sɩ-taa nasɩyɛ paɣlɩ yaa sɩwɛɛ ñɩɩɩ yaa sɩkɛ cikpesi. Cikpesi nzɩ sɩ-taa kɛlɛ tɩnzɩ kʊlʊmasɩ.
Tɩɩnzɩ wɛ ɛzɩ ɛyaa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ: nasɩyɛ kɛ kɩsɛmasɩ kpaŋ kpaŋ, lɛɛsɩ kɛ yuulee, nasɩyɛ ñɛkɛ kʊlʊmasɩ layɩ layɩ nɛ lɛɛsɩ ɖɔɖɔ ñesidi. Tɩɩnzɩ tomnasɩ wɛtʊ ndʊ tɩlɩna sɩ-yʊŋ cɔlɔ yaa sɩ-tɛ feveku cɔlɔ. Nabʊyʊ taa lɛ, pɩlɩna sɩ-tɩ ̃nɔtinaʊ nɛ wɩsɩ yɔ pʊ-yɔɔ. Tɩɩnzɩ nzɩ sɩwɛ pɩlɩʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ-kʊ heelim taa se Hertzsprung-Rusell kanaɣ yɔ, nzɩ kɩlɩna ɖɔʊ nɛ tɩɩnzɩ nzɩ sɩmaɣmaɣ silukina si-miŋ yaa sɩ-mʊntʊsʊʊ pɩlɩɩna idrozɛɛnɩ ŋgʊ sɩkpakɩɣ nɛ sɩpɩsɩɣ eliyomi yɔ. Tɩɩnzɩ lɛɛsɩ lɛ, sɩmʊʊ sɩ-mʊntʊsʊʊ yaa si-miŋ kɛ lɛɛsɩ cɔlɔ. Wɩsɩ kɛna tɩɩŋa ŋga kɛ-miŋ kɩla ɖoŋ tɩɩnzɩ lɛɛsɩ payɩ yɔ. Pɩwɛ mbʊ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, ɛyʊ maɣzʊ ɛ-taa se tɩɩnzɩ nasɩyɛ kilimuu yaa sɩcɔʊ nɛ lɛɛsɩ lɛ, sɩwɛ si-ɖeɖe nɛ siituu sɩɩkɛʊ. Ɛlɛ, pɩtɛkɛ mbʊ. Tɩɩnzɩ tɩŋa wɛ sɩ-ɖeɖe nɛ sɩ-tʊkaɣ kɔyɔ se sɩkɩlɩ ɖama yuŋ, paɣlɩka nɛ feveku yaa miŋ yaa ñalamɩyɛ.
Ɖooo caanaʊ taa kɛ ɛyʊ kaasɩma tɩɩnzɩ wazaɣ: tɩɩnzɩ pɔcɔŋaɣna nɛ pɑlakɩ pa-tʊma naayɛ naayɛ kɛ pɩnaɣ taa, nɛ pasɩma ɖɔɖɔ se yee tɩɩŋa kanɛ yaa kanɛ pɔɖɔŋna nɛ pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se pʊnɛ yaa pʊnɛ. Tɩɩnzɩ taa ŋga paakɩla kpaɣʊ se tɩɩŋa sɔsɔɣa yɔ, ŋgaa lɛ tɩmbalʊʊ. Lɔŋ taa ɛyaa mba pataatɩlɩ se tɩɩŋa wɛʊ yɔ, kaatuu kaakɛʊ, paamaɣza se ɖoo taa yeke kɛ tɩɩnzɩ lɩʊ. Ɛyaa wɛʊ ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, paa ɛyʊ weyi ɛ na ɛ-tɩɩŋa. Patɩlɩɣ tɩɩŋa yɔɔ tɔm siŋŋ yɔ, pɩtakɩlɩ leɖuu: pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ 16 taa kɛ sɔdʊʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ se Giordano Bruno yɔ, ɛnʊ calɩna-tʊ naʊ kɛ mbʊ se tɩɩŋa eetuu kaakɛʊ nɛ pʊcɔ fayɩɩɩ pɩnaɣ 1814 taa Joseph von Fraunhofer tasɩ ñɩɣʊ niye se mbʊʊ pɩlaba. Tɩɩnzɩ wɛna hɩla ndɩ ndɩ nɛ paa hɩɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩna ɖɩ-tɔbʊʊ: tɩmbalʊ wɛɛ, kalimuuduu pee wɛɛ, nɛ cɛlɛm mɔ-nɔ wɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ.


text:
Anne Brontë
Palʊla Anne Brontë kɛ kɔlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 17 ŋgʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 1820 kɛ Tɔmtonii tɛtʊ taa, Yɔrksiirii egeetiye taa nɛ ɛsɩ egeɣtiye kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa agoza fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 28 wiye pɩnaɣ 1849 ɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 29. Ɛzɩ ɛgɔɔnaa Emily Brontë nɛ Charlotte Brontë ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, Anne Brontë kɛ kakayɩsɩ kɩkalasɩ mayʊ. Ɛkɛ Piritaaniki ɛjaɖɛ taa-tʊ nɛ ɛma takayɩsɩ kɩkalasɩ nzɩ ɖɔɖɔ yɔ Eŋgilisi taa kɛ ɛmana-sɩ.
Ɛma takayaɣ nakayɩ nɛ ɛyaa-kɛ se Agnes Grey nɛ ka-taa lɛ ɛyɔɔdɩ hɔŋ weyi ɩwɛ ñɩm kamaɣ feyɩ ɩ-tɔm. Hɔŋ weyi ɩwɛ ñɩm kamaɣ fɛyɩ mbʊ yɔ ɩɩcɔŋna piya yɔɔ ɛzɩma pʊpɔzaa yɔ. Ɛ-takayaɣ aalɛ ŋga taa lɛ ɛyɔɔda Wildfell Hall tɔm. Takayaɣ kanɛ ka-taa ɛma ɛ-ɖalʊ Branwell tɔm. Branwell ɛnɛ ɛna ɛ-halʊ paya-ɖama nɛ halʊ yeke cɛyʊna ɛ-tɩ nɛ ɛcɔŋna ɛna ɛ-pʊwa pɔ-yɔɔ. Ɛ-takayaɣ kɛnɛ kɛwɛ takayasɩ kacalaɣ ñɩnzɩ nzɩ pama-sɩ halʊ waɖɛ kandayʊ yɔɔ yɔ sɩ-taa nɛ palɩzɩ takayaɣ ŋga mɩsɩkʊm fenaɣ taa pɩnaɣ 1848.
Ann kɛna tɩnɩʊ kɛ pɩya looɖo wayɩ. Ɛlɛ ɛ-kɔɔnaa naalɛ, Maria nɛ Elizabeth pasɩbɩna kpeziwɩlaɣ kʊdɔŋ. Grandɩ-Pretañɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa lɛ, pazɩma Brontë cejewiye se ɖɩ-taa ɛyaa tɩŋga kɛ takayɩsɩ mayaa siŋŋŋ. Pɩnaɣ 1821 taa kɛ e-ɖoo, Maria Branwell Brontë, sɩba Pɩcɛɣɖɛ kʊdɔŋ yɔ Haworth tɛtʊ taa. Pɩɩlaba pɩnaɣ kʊɖʊmaɣ paakpaʊ ɛ-caa, Patrick Brontë, se ɛkɛ layʊ sɔsɔ tɛɛ tʊ yɔ.


text:
Luganda
Luganda kɛna kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ Ugandaa ɛjaɖɛ taa yɔ. Kɩwɛ Pantʊ tɛ kʊnʊmɩŋ pɩlʊʊ taa. Ɛyaa mba panɩʊ kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ yɔ pɛkɛ liŋgala mba nɛ mba panɩʊ-kʊ yɔ patalʊʊ ɛzɩ miliyɔɔnaa lʊbɛ yɔ. Mba pɛtɛkɛ lugandaa mba nɛ panɩʊ-kʊ kɩnɩʊ yem yɔ patalɩɣʊ ɛzɩ miliyɔɔnaa 5,6 yɔ.
Luganda kʊnʊŋ masɩ kɔyɔ: a b c d e f g i j k l m n (ŋ ng ŋg ny) o p r s t u v w y z.
Luganga kʊnʊŋ masɩ sɩnɛ pakalɩɣ-sɩ se: /a, b, c, d, e, f, g, i, ɟ, k, l, m, n, ŋ, ɲ, o, p, r, s, t, u, v, w, j, z. Halɩ masɩ kpɛnda kagbaanzɩ: a e i o u. Tanda masɩ kpenda naalɛ: i u nɛ kiwiwaɣ kʊɖʊmaɣ nɛ ŋga lɛ: a. e nɛ o lɛ sɩwɛ hɛkʊ nɛ hɛkʊ.
Tɔm pee naayɛ tʊbʊ kɔyɔ:


text:
Katɔlɩnɩyɔm
Katɔlɩnɩyɔm kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 64 nɛ yʊsaɣ ñɩŋa yɔ Gd. Ɛkɛ lantanɩ waa tɛ pʊtʊ lɛlʊ. Ɛ-hɩɖɛ lɩna katɔlɩnɩtɩ cɔlɔ, pɩkɛ ñɩɣlɩm tɛtʊ lɛɛtʊ ndʊ tɩtaa palɩ ɛ-yɔɔ yɔ. Katɔlɩnɩyɔm kɛ ñɩɣlɩm pʊtʊ weyi ɛwɛ kɛtɛɖaɣ tɛtʊ naa taa yɔ. Ɛwɛ kpʊzɩyɛɛ liidiye tɩyɛ, ɛ-mɛɛdʊʊ nɛ ɛwɛ manɩɩ yee ɛjaɖɛ taa soŋaɣ ɛwɛ camɩyɛ kɔyɔ.
Katɔlɩnɩyɔm wɛ ɖiɣɖiɣ kɛ helim mbʊ pɩwɩɣ ɛyʊ mɔɔŋ tɛɛ yɔ. Kɔyɔ ɛɛladɩɣ mʊʊ kalɩkɔdaɣ niikaɣ helim taa. Yee paɖʊ-ɩ lɩm taa kɔyɔ pɩwasɩɣ ɖaa ɖaa kɛlɛ ɛyɔɔlʊʊ siziŋ lɩm naa mba paca pataa yɔ. Katɔlɩnɩyɔm tɛ ɔkɩsɩzɛnɩ wɛʊ yɔ pɩnaɣ 1880 wɛɛ taa kɛ Jean Charles Galissard Marignac tʊ lɩza-ɩ eyeke nɛ Paul Emile Lecoq Boisbaudran ñɩnʊ ñapɩsɩ-ɩ ñɩɣlɩm pʊtʊ keeke pɩnaɣ 1886. Fɛɛlandɩ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkɩyʊ yana-ɩ hɩɖɛ pɩtɩŋna ɛ-maɣmaɣ ɛ-hɩɖɛ Johan Gadolin.
Katɔlɩnɩyɔm wɛna sɔtʊ naa nabayɛ. Tovonum, ɛ nɛ kalɩsɩyɔm pahasɩɣ ɖama ɖenɖe kalɩsɩyɔm kɛ ɛyʊ tomnaɣ pɩyʊ (feziŋ, hɔyɛ ciidiɣ, nandʊ hola seletuu, calɩm kiɣu nɛ ŋgbaɣ nɖɛɛ) nɛ ɛpɩzɩɣ ɛkɔna kalaa sakɩyɛ pɩtɩŋna ɛ-tɛ ɖɔʊ yɔ.


text:
Kpaŋ
Kpaŋ kʊdɔŋ (pama-ɖɩ nɛ krɛkɩ kʊnʊŋ taa ψuxή, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se fezuu, kalɩzaɣ, pɩkɛ sakɩyɛ yɔɔdaɣ taa tɔmpiye kɛ maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɩnaa tɛ tʊmɩyɛ ɖeɖe, nɛ pɩwɩlɩɣ se kpaŋ kʊdɔŋ nakʊyʊ yaa ñʊʊ taa cɔʊʊ nɛ kʊdɔŋ tʊ ɛnʊ mbʊ pɩwɛ ɖeu yɔ ɛɛlakɩ-pʊ.
Kpaŋ kʊdɔŋ kɔŋna yem yem yɔɔdaɣ, lalaa lɛ pɩwɛ-wɛ maɣnɛ kʊdɔŋ tɩyɛ. Ɛyʊ ɛnʊ ɛɛsɩŋ mbʊ pɩwɛ ɖeu nabʊyʊ naa taa kɛlɛ pɩcaɣ kaɖɛ piŋ se pɛlɛzɩ-ɩ wɛtʊ ndʊ.
Ɖɩcɔna piŋ kɔyɔ mɩnʊʊ yɔɔ ɛyaa ɛzɩ naatozo mba pɛkɛ sʊlʊm ñɔyaa yɔ wɛnɩna kpaŋ kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ alɩwaatʊ ɛñɔʊʊ ɖoŋ ñɩmbʊ nabʊyʊ yaa sʊlʊm kɩlɩ ɛnandʊ pɩɣʊ yɔ.
Ɛzɩma papɩzɩɣ pawazɩ kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ pɩlɩna ɛzɩma pana-kʊ yɔ nɛ pʊ-tʊ weyi pana-kʊ ɛ-yɔɔ yɔ. Kajalaɣ lɛ, papɩzɩɣ pahaɣ pɩ-tɛ ɛyʊ ɛnʊ maɣzɩm taa kɔɔ naayɛ (kiliba yaa pʊtɔma kɩsɔba) nɛ nabʊyʊ taa pɩkɛ kɩjɛyʊʊ se pasɩɩ pɩ-tɛ ɛyʊ ɛnʊ fɛɖaa cɔlɔ. Kɛlɛ nabʊyʊ taa lɛ kɔɔ a-tɛ kpaɣʊʊ kɔŋna kaɖɛ piŋ kpaŋ tɩnaa mba.


text:
Mɛ-ɛjaɖɛ yɔɔ lʊbɩyɛ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ
Mɛ-ɛjaɖɛ yɔɔ lʊbɩyɛ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ Mɛ-ɛjaɖɛ yɔɔ lʊbɩyɛ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ tɔm (Caama kʊnʊŋ taa lɛNationalsozialismus), pɩkɛ politiki lɩmaɣzɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩlʊkɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa samaɣ ñɩm yɔɔ yɔ nɛ pɩkɛ Caama ɛjaɖɛ taa tʊma laɖaa (NSDAP), pɩkɛ ɛjaɖɛ hɔɔlʊʊ nɩwaŋ yɔɔ ŋgʊ kɛ Caama taa palɩzɩ-ɖɩ pɩnaɣ 1920 nɛ Adolf Hitler kaakɛna ɖɩ-ñʊʊ tʊ. Politiki lɩmaɣzɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa peɖe lɛ, ɖɩnaɣ se ɛyaa kɩla ɖama tɛyʊʊ tɔm wɛ ɖɩ-taa pɩlɩna paa anɩ kɛ mbʊ yɔ, ɛyaa tɔndʊʊ wɛɛ peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ, kɔzɩ kɔzɩ yudaa mba, sɩlavɩ ɛyaa, tsigane mba, nɛ payaɣ-wɛ ɛyaa cikpema Caama kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ Untermensch.
Ɖɩcɔna ɖɩna yɔ yudaa mba kaɖɩnaʊ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ tɔm paɣtʊ takayaɣ lɩwa kalaa Caama ɛyaa tɛ lɛ, pɩlɩna se pakʊ ajama yaa pɩlabam waa, palɩzɩ mba paatisiɣ politiki ŋgʊ kɩ-yɔɔ weziŋ, pakʊ abala yeke yaa hala yeke halɩ kpayɛ tɩnaa, nɛ Room mba, ŋgbaɣ nɖɛ mbʊ yɔ pazɩ tɩlɩ keelee pɩnaɣ 1933, pɩlɩna ɛzɩma palɩza tɛyɩtʊ ɛyaa hɛkɩŋ taa yɔ pɩcɛlɩna kɔzɩ kɔzɩ mɩzasɩ yasʊʊ tɔm. Politiki tɔm nɖʊ tiseɣtina kedeŋga kpeekpe you sɔsɔʊ naalɛ ŋgʊ, alɩwaatʊ ndʊ sowaa malɩfa pɛɛ ŋgʊ lɩwa nɛ palɩzɩ lona wena taa pɔtɔyɩtɩɣ ɛyaa lalaa mba pɛtɛkɛ Caama mba yɔ, pɩkɔɔ pɩsɩna Caama sɔɔjanaa tɔlaa yɔ pɩnaɣ 1945. Pɩkpaɣʊʊ nɛ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ pɩkɔɔ pɩsɩna pɩnaɣ ŋga mbʊ yɔ pakʊ yudaa mba patalɩ miiliiyɔɔ loɖo halɩ pɩcɛzɩ pɩyɔɔ mbʊ yɔ pɩtɩŋna Caama ɛyaa yɔɔ nɛ pe-nesi ɖʊyaa yɔɔ. Caama azawaa kaamaza se po-politiki tɔm ndʊ tɩkaɣ ɖalɩɣ pɩtalɩ pɩnzɩ kudoku kɔyɔ hayi pɩsɩna pɩnzɩ hiu nɛ naalɛ yeke kɛlɛ pɩsaɣ Erɔpʊ halʊmɩ lalayɩ nɛ Caama nɛ kɩmɩyɛ mankazɩ.
Ɛjaɖɛ yɔɔ lʊbɩyɛ lɩmaɣɩyɛ tɔm Caama kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ Nazismus, ɛlɛ tobi matʊ taa kɛlɛ mbʊ yɔ pɩtɛkɛ mbʊ yɔ ɖɩ-kpeekpe maʊʊ taa lɛ pamaɣ se Nationalsozialismus, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se ɛjaɖɛ taa yeke ñɩm yɔɔ lʊbɩyɛ. Lɩmaɣzɩyɛ politiki ñɩnɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩha ɛsɛ nɛ ajɛyɛ kpeekpe ñɩm kpɛndʊʊ tɔm ɛzɩ Marx lɩmaɣzɩyɛ mbʊ yɔ, Hitler ñacaɣ mbʊ.
Caama politiki tɔm ndʊ tɩpalaɣ ɛyaa pɩlɩna calɩm pɔza mbʊ yɔ, Tzigane waa, Azii ɛyaa, nɛ kɔzɩ kɔzɩ ɛyaa kɩkpɛdaa, pa nɛ yɔ paaɖʊ-wɛ lone ndɩ ɖɩ-taa paasɩɣ ɛyʊ yɔ, pʊwayi yɔ yuda mba nɛ sɩlavɩ mba nɛ Afrika ɖooo hayi hayi ɛyaa pɔ-tɔbʊʊ lɩm ɛwadɩyɛ yɔɔ ɛyaa.


text:
Tɔɔnaɣ yɔlʊʊ
Tɔɔnaɣ yɔlʊʊ kɛna wɛtʊ ndʊ tɔɔnasɩ nzɩ ɛyʊ tɔwaa yɔ sɩlɛɛzʊʊ yɔ. Yɔlʊʊ mbʊ pɩlɩɣna ñɩɣtʊ ɖoŋ ñɩndʊ natʊyʊ naŋgɩɣna-sɩ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɩ kɛ ɛyʊ lotu taa. Palɩzʊ tɔɔnasɩ yɔ lʊʊ tɔbʊʊ camɩyɛ kɔyɔ, pɔtɔŋ se pɩkɛna ɖɔnɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-yɔɔ tɔɔnasɩ ndɩ ndɩ tɔɔʊ tɩŋgʊna nɛ sɩpɩsʊ ɛyʊ taa anaɣm ŋgʊ kɩcalʊ tomnaɣ kpeekpe yɔ. Tɔɔnasɩ yɔlʊʊ pʊnɛ pɩlakɩ tɔɔnaɣ yɔlʊʊ ajɔɔla taa,ajɔɔla ana a-taa nɛlɩm kabaɣ. Ɛyʊ tɛ lɛ, ɛlotu taa kɛ tɔɔnaɣ yɔ lʊʊ mbʊ pɩlakɩ pɩtɩŋga ɛlɛ tɛtɛkpɩna tɛ lɛ, pɩwɛ ndɩ. Mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, tɛtɛ kpɩna naayɛ wɛɛ lɛ, atɔkɩ atɛ lɛ ɑɖaɣnɩ hoowu a-nɔs i taa nɛ atasɩ tɔɔʊ mʊnʊnʊ. Tɔɔnaɣ yɔlʊʊ kɛna ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ tɔɔnasɩ keŋgelem keŋgelem naŋgʊ se pɩpɩsɩ mʊnʊnʊ camɩyɛ yɔ.
Pʊcɔ nɛ tɔɔnaɣ keem pɩsɩ anaɣm lɛ, pɩwɛɛ se pɩtɩŋna nʊmɔʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ-kʊ tɔɔnasɩ yɔlʊʊ yɔ. Kacalaɣ tɔɔnaɣ yɔlʊʊ paɣzʊna nɔɔ taa. Peeɖe lɛ, kela yɔtʊʊ yaa kpatʊ yɔbɩ yɔbɩ tɔɔnasɩ nzɩ sɩkaɣ tibu lotiu taa yɔ. Pʊcɔ nɛ tɔɔnasɩ nzɩ sɩtalʊʊ hiluu taa lɛ, ndaɣlɩm lakɩ pɩ-tʊmɩyɛ ɖɔɖɔ. Mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, ndaatʊ ndʊ tɩtaɣ tɔɔnasɩ lɛ, pɩsɩŋna nɛ sɩtɛzɩ yɔlʊʊ camɩyɛ lotu taa. Lotu taa lɛ, naŋgɩyʊ taa nɛ pɩdʊʊ nakʊyʊ nɛ kisiduu tɔɔnasɩ taa lɛ sɩnaŋgʊʊ camɩyɛ. Lotaa hɔɔlɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ ɖʊʊ i-tɛ ajɔɔla nɛ tɔɔnaɣ yɔ lʊʊ tɛzʊ labʊ ɖeu. Kʊlɔɔʊ tɔʊ kɩ-ajɔɔla wena awɛ kɔtɩɩɩ yɔ kɛ tɔɔnasɩ taa ɖɔɖɔ. Pɩtasɩ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, ajɔɔla naayɛ wɛ ñɩmɩŋ yaa leleŋ nɛ pɩtɩŋga pisidu nɛ tɔɔnaɣ taa anaɣmna tɩŋga lɩɩ nɛ pɩkaza asuluma wena yɔ, alɛ ñaalɩɩ.
Tɛtɛ kpɩna tɛ lɛ, paayɔɔdʊ tɔɔnasɩ t yɔlʊʊ tɔm mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, pɩtataana-yɛ. Pɩtɛlɛ, tɩŋ nɩɩyɛ ñɛwɛna pɩtɛ lakasɩ. Tɩŋ nɩɩyɛ sʊʊ lɛɛŋ yaa ɩkpaɣ lɛɛŋ nɛ ɩñɔʊ-ɩ. Tɩŋ ɩnʊ payaɣ-ɩ se nandʊ tɔɔyaa tɩŋ. I-taa kɔyɔ kpɛŋgbɛɛsɩ. Kpɛŋgbɛka sʊʊ tɩŋ ajɔɔla tɩna taa nɛ sɩñɔʊ kaɖɩbɔnɩ nɛ sɩ paɣlʊ pɩyele tɩʊ ñawɩlʊ nɛ kɩwɩlʊ.


text:
Kapʊvɛɛrɩ
Kapʊvɛɛrɩ kɛ Afrika tetʊ taa ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ ɖɩwɛna Afrika nɛ kɩ-wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa. Kapʊvɛɛrɩ walanzɩ taa wɛ ɛzɩ kilomɛtanaa kutokiŋ naanza yɔ. Kɩwɛ Moriitaanii, Kambii nɛ Seneegaalɩ pɛ-hɛkʋ taa.
Kapʊvɛɛrɩ kɛna tɛtʋ ñabɩ ndʊ lɩm cɔ-pʊ nɛ pɩta yɔ nɛ pɛtɛyʊ-tʊ tam sɔsɔm napʊlɛ taa: hadɛ kiŋ lɛ, tɛtʊ ndʊ payaɣ-tʊ se îles Sotavento yɔ nɛ ndʊ yɔ Brava, Fogo, Santiago nɛ Maio. Hayʊ kiŋ lɛ, îles Barlavento nɛ Bowa Vista, Sal, São Nicolau, Santa Luzia, São Vicente nɛ Santo Antão.
Tɛtʊ ndʊ payaɣ se Santiyago yɔ tɩ-taa kɛ ɛyaa kɩlɩ ɖɔʊ kɛ Kapʊvɛɛrɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ peeɖɛ ɖɔɖɔ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ wɛɛ ndʊlɛ Prayiya. Pʊcɔ nɛ keteŋa yɔɔ yɛlɩya mba palɩna Pɔɔrtiigaalɩ powolo peeɖe pɩnaɣ 1456 lɛ, ɛyaa taawɛɛ tɛtʊ ñabɩ ñabɩ ndʊ taa. Kapʊvɛɛrɩ taa kɛ ɛyaa tɩŋgaɣna nɛ pakpaɣa ɛyaa nɛ ɖɔŋ nɛ papɩsɩɣ wɛ yoma powokina-wɛ Amerika lɛ.
Sɔdɩŋ sɔsɔŋ nɩɩ woba peeɖe alɩwaatʊ natʊyʊ taa nɛ ɩ-taa kɔyɔ: Francis Drake pɩnaɣ 1580 taa, Charles Darwin kɛ pɩnaɣ 1832 taa. Pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ nɛɛlɛ taa ñɔɔsɩ sɔsɔsɩ nasɩyɛ lɩ peeɖe nɛ pɩkʊ ɛyaa sakɩyɛ. Kapʊvɛɛrɩ mʊ kɩ-tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊ kɛ pɩnaɣ 1975 nɛ pɩsɩŋa lɛ, kɩwɛɛ CEDEAO taa.


text:
Reyikzaavikii
Reyikzaavikii kɛna Islandii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩwɛ kilomɛtanaa ɛzɩ 250 yɔ nɛ tɛtʊ ñʊʊ hɔɔlʊʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ-kʊ se arktikii yɔ nɛKrowelandii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ ndʊ payaɣ tʊtʊ se Nuukii yɔ kilomɛtanaa cabɩ kɛ hayʊ kiŋ. Mbʊ yebina nɛ Reyikzaavikii tɛtʊ tʊnɛ ndʊ kɩlɩna wɛʊ ɖooo hayʊ kiŋ.
Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-taa nɛ tɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ nɛ tɩŋ hɛtʊ ñɛwɛ ndɩ ndɩ ɖɔɖɔ nɛ pɩwɛɛ ɖeu nɛ cɔnaʊ kamaɣ fɛyɩ. Mbʊ yebina nɛ keteŋga kpeekpe ajɛyaa kpeekpe taa lɛ, tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ tʊnɛ kɛ palɩzaa se tɩ-taa kɛ tɩŋ hatʊ kɩla wɛʊ ɖeu.
Ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1786 taa lɛ, peeɖe ɛyaa kaawɛ ɛzɩ ceeka 302 yɔ. Pɩnaɣ 1800 taa ɛyaa kaawɛ ɛzɩ 600 yɔ, pɩnaɣ 2008 taa lɛ pɛwɛɛ ɛzɩ 117 898 yɔ pa-taa lɛ abalaa kpɛnda 58 859 nɛ halaa ñɛwɛɛ 59 039.
Islandii ɛjaɖɛ tɩŋga taa lɛ, peeɖe ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ nɛ wayɩ nɛ wayɩ kɩgalʊʊ ŋgʊ pakalaa yɔ, pɛwɛ ɛzɩ 200 000 yɔ. Tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-taa kɛ palakɩ komina keediizasɩ sɔsɔsɩ, ñɩɩtʊ sɔsɔtʊ lʊbʊ; peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ ɛsɩyɛ ekpena nɛ hayɩsʊʊ kɩlɩ wɛʊ pɩnɛ tadɩyɛ nɛ tɔsʊʊ nɛ ɛsɩndaa wobu kɩla wɛʊ.


text:
Carmel paɣtʊ yɔɔ tɩŋɩyaa
Carmel paɣtʊ pɩkɛ Katoliki Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ maɣzɩm taa paɣtʊ natʊyʊ. Kɩ-tɛ ɛyaa payaɣ se Carme waa (ɛlɛ abalaa ñɩma) nɛ halɩñɩma payaa se Carmeliti waa. Pɛ-tɛ fata payaa se Elie. Palestine pʊʊ yɔɔ Carmel waa mba paawɛ peyeke lakʊ taa yɔ tʊlɩna-kʊ kpaɣɖʊ 12 tɛmtʊ alɩwaatʊ taa.
Kajalaɣ Carme waa kʊyɩ pa-lakʊ taa peeɖe kpaɣɖʊ 13 wɛɛ taa se powolo pɛmɛlɩ Erɔpʊ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Pɛ-tɛ yɛlʊʊ wayi yɔ, kʊyɩyaa mba pɛ-tɛ paɣtʊ lɛɛzɩ nɛ pɩpɩsɩ maacɔ waa wezuu caɣʊʊ tɛ paɣtʊ. Lɛɛzɩtʊ sakɩyɛ la kɔzɩ kɔzɩ ndʊ paya se Avila Tereziya tɛ ñɩndʊ yɔ kpaɣɖʊ 16 wɛɛ taa yɔ.
Sɔnɔ pɩlɩ pɩlɩŋ naalɛ, kajalaɣ lɛ, Carme waa sɔsaa (papa lɛ Avila tereziya tɛ ñɩnʊ lɛɛzɩtʊ totukina-wɛ) nɛ hɔɔlʊʊ ŋgʊ kʊkʊ tereziya lɛɛzɩtʊ paɣtʊ tukina yɔ, mba paalɛʊ naataŋkpala yɔ. Hɔɔlɩŋ ɛnʊ ɛ-naalɛ pɛtɛya-ɩ tam naatozo yɔɔ kɛnɛ, Carme waa kɛlɛ abalaa, Carmelite waa kɛlɛ halaa ñɩma, payaa-wɛ ɖɔɖɔ se paɣtʊ hɔɔlʊʊ naalɛ ŋgʊ (Carmel) mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ paalɩzɩ Carme waa tɛ paɣtʊ pʊcɔ palɩzɩ pa-ñɩndʊ.
Jerusalem caɣyɛ pɩnaɣ 1187, ndʊ tɩɖɩza Palestin ɖaɣnɩ you labʊ pɩtɩŋna Saladin yɔɔ, yɔ kaapɩsa kɩjɛyɩɣ tɔm Krɩstʊ mba mba paalɩna Wɩsɩ Ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa ajɛyɛ taa ɖama katɩɣ you wɛɛ taa yɔ se pɛɖɛɛ. Papɩsa Erɔpʊ taa lɛ pacaɣ tɛtʊ naa taa nɛ peeɖe palaba agbeela cikpena. Pɩnaɣ 1247 alɩwaatʊ taa lɛ, caɣyaa mba pɩkɛ Carmel ɛyaa yɔ, papa Innocent 4 tʊ kpɩɖɩ-wɛ nɛ ɛpɩsɩ-wɛ maacʊ wezuu labʊ tɛ ham ɛyaa.


text:
Mɛndɛlɛvɩyɔm
Mɛndɛlɛvɩyɔm kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 101 nɛ yʊsaɣ ñɩŋa yɔ Md (wɛɛ kɩbɩna taa lɛ pɩɩkɛ Mv pɩkɔɔ pɩsɩna pɩnaɣ 1957). Ɛ-tɛ agbele naa taa nɔɔyʊ fɛyɩ ɖiɣɖiɣ. Weyi ɛlɛ caɣ wɛʊ ɖiɣɖiɣ yɔ 158Md wɛna titiɖe fezuu caɣʊʊ pɩsɩna kɩyakɩŋ nɩnʊwa nɛ kagbanzɩ. Paalakɩ-ɩ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ naɖɩyɛ wezuu kpɛlɛkʊʊ ɖeɖe nɛ ɛwɛna tɩlasɩ sakɩyɛ x cɛnzɩ tɔʊ tʊmɩyɛ ɖeɖe yee palaba-ɩ ɛɖɔɔ sakɩyɛ kɔyɔ.
Ɛyaa pa nɛ yɔ paasɩma mɛndɛlɛvɩyɔm pɩnaɣ 1955, Albert Ghiorso, Bernard Harvey (de), Gregory Choppin (en), Stanley Thompson (en) nɛ Glenn Seaborg. Pʊtʊ ɛnʊ ɛwɛ ɖoŋ cɛnzɩ tɔʊ nɔmɔʊ taa mbʊ lɛ, palaba-ɩ pɩtɩŋna panazaɣ ayɩnstayɩnɩyɔm nɛ hɛlɩyɔm 4 tʊ hɛkʊ taa piye. Dmitri Mendeleïv hɩɖɛ ɖʊʊ yɔɔ paha-ɩ-ɖɩ, ɛnʊ kɛna kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ pʊtʊnaa caɣyɛ kpata caa.
Mɛndɛlɛvɩyɔm kɛ nakʊ tʊ weyi poluba-ɩ kulubu yɔ. Kajalaɣ taa lɛ Albert Ghiorso, Bernard G. Harvey, Gregory R. Choppin, Stanley G. Thompson nɛ Glenn T. Seaborg kaalɛna-ɩ labʊ pɩnaɣ 1955 Kaliforni sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ taa Berkeley tɛtʊ taa.
Nayaa kpaɣ lɩmaɣza mbʊ se paya pʊtʊ 101 tʊ ɛnʊ se mɛndɛlɛvɩyɔm pɩlɩna Ruusii kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkɩyʊ Dmitri Mendeleïev yɔɔ, ɛnʊ weyi ɛɖʊ nesi siŋ nɛ pama kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ pʊtʊnaaa caɣyɛ kpata yɔ. Pɩɩtʊzɩna niiikaɣ yoŋ alɩwaatʊ mbʊ lɛ, Seaborg peeziɣ Etaazuunii komina se hɩɖɛ nɖɩ payaɣ pʊtʊ ɛnʊ yɔ ɖɩlɩna Ruusii kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkɩyʊ yɔɔ.
Ajɛyɛ kpeekpe kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkɩyaa tʊma kɩkpɛndʊʊ ŋgbɛyɛ (UICPA) tisi hɩɖɛ mɛndɛlɛvɩyɔm pɩnaɣ 1955 pɩ nɛ yʊsaɣ mayaɣ Mv, ŋga pɛlɛza nɛ Md kɛ paɣtʊ lɩzɩyaa ketizaɣ lɛɛka ɖeɖe UICPA (pɩnaɣ 1957).


text:
Kanzɩ pɔɔ
Kanzɩ kɛ Ɛndɩ nɛ hayi kiŋ pɔɔ. Ka-ɖalakɩŋ lɩna kɛ-tɛ ɖɩñɔyɛ taa kpaɣ kilomɛtanaa 2500 nɛ pɩtalɩ kilomɛtanaa 3000. Ka-walanzɩ makɩɣna kilomɛtanaa 907000 nɛ kɛ-tɛ handala fɛɛʊ kɛ kʊyʊmʊ nɛ Bramaputra ñɩŋgʊ. Kanzɩ pɔɔ ŋga kɛkɛŋna pɔɔ kiɖeɖeya kɩlaʊ pɔsɩ lʊbɛ taa Ɛndɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa.
Pʊwayi lɛ, kɛtɛzɩɣ Haridwar pɔɔ. Kaka tɛ kʊkʋyʋmʋŋ taa maɣna mɛtanaa 300 nɛ kekpeŋ nɛ katɩŋɩɣna Ɛndɩ-Kanzɩtiki kɛdɛŋa taa. Kɛfɛyɩna kʊkʊyʊmɩŋ pʊɖɔɔ mbʊ lɛ, kɛwɛna pɔsɩ cɩkpesɩ. Pɔsɩ nzɩɩ yɔ nɛ sɩ-ɖalakɩŋ: Yamʊna pɔɔ ɖalakɩŋ maɣna kilomɛtanaa 1300 nɛ karnalɩ pɔɔ ɖalakɩŋ maɣna kilomɛtanaa 1080 Chapra tɛtʊ taa nɛ Gandak pɔɔ ɖalakɩŋ maɣna kilomɛtanaa mɩnɩŋ lʊbɛ Hajipuur tɛtʊ taa nɛ Ramganga pɔɔ ɖalakɩŋ kɔyɔ kilomɛtanaa 640 pʊcɔ ŋtalɩ Allahabad nɛ Sone ɖalakɩŋ kɔyɔ kilomɛtanaa 784 Patna tɛtʊ taa, nɛ Koshi ɖalakɩŋ maɣna kilomɛtanaa mɩnɩŋ lʊbɛ Bhagalpuur cɔlɔ nɛ Gomtɩ pɔɔ ɖalakɩŋ kɔyɔ kilomɛta waa 675 Varanasi cɔlɔ nɛ Damodar pɔɔ ɑlakɩŋ kɔyɔ kilomɛtanaa 541 Kalkuta nɛ haɖɛ kiŋ.
Kanzɩ pɔɔ woki nɛ kɛkpɛndɩɣ lɩm ɛwadɩyɛ nzʊlʊmɩyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se Bengale yɔ ɖɩ-taa nɛ pɩkpɛndɩɣ pɩpɩsɩ handala fɛʊʊ sɔsɔʊ. Fɛʊʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ se Sundarbans yɔ kɩ nɛ Brahmapoutre fɛɛʋ pesidiɣ ɖama taa yɔ. Ɛndɩ pɩlɩŋa nakɛyɩ, handala fɛʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa pɩsɩna Hooghly, ŋgʊ kɩtɛzɩɣ Kalikuta pɔɔ yɔ. Pɩlɩŋa sɔsɔɔ nakɛyɛ ŋga kekpeŋ Paŋgɩladɛɛsɩ taa yɔ, ka-hɩɖɛ lɛ Padma, pɔcɔ kɛkpɛndɩ kadɩ nɛ Brahmapoutre nɛ pɩpɩsɩ Meghna.


text:
Roald Amundsen
Roald Amundsen kɛ Nɔɔrɩvɛɛzɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa tʊnɛ palʊla-ɩ hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 16 pɩnaɣ 1872 kɛ Pɔrzɩ tɛtʊ taa. Ɛsɩba mɩsɩkʊm fenaɣ 18 pɩnaɣ 1928. Ɛ-hɩɖɛ maɣmaɣ kɔyɔ Roald Engelbregt Gravning Amundsen. Roald kɛna lɩm ɛwadɩyɛ yɔɔ ɖɔnʊ nɛ tɛtʊ putuuɖe ñʊʊŋ tɛɛ ñɩnɩyʊ, takayɩsɩ kɩkalɩsɩ mayʊ, ñɩnɩyʊ nɛ ɛsɔtaa lɔɔɖa sayʊ. Palʊla Roald Amundsen tɛtʊ ndʊ payaɣ-tʊ se Kristiania yɔ, ɖenɖe payaɣ sɔnɔ se Ɔsɩloo yɔ. Ɛ-caa kɛna lɩm ɛwadɩyɛ yɔɔ ɖɔnʊ nɛ ɛ-cɔlɔ lɛ, ɛnʊ kɛŋna pɩɣa naanza ŋga.
E-ɖoo ñɩnaɣ se Roald ɛtaala lɩm yɔɔ tʊmɩyɛ naɖɩyɛ ɛlɛ ɛpɩsɩ ɖakʊta. Pɩnaɣ 1889 kɛ Fridtjof Nansen ɖoma ɖomba mʊlʊm yɔɔ nɛ naataŋgbala kɛ Krowelandɩ nɛ ɛpɩsɩ ɛkɔɔna abalɩtʊ. Alɩwaatʊ ndʊ Roald kaawɛna pɩnzɩ 18 nɛ ɛsɔɔlɩ se ɛkɛna tɛtʊ putuuɖe ñʊʊŋ tɛɛ ñɩnɩyʊ, ɛlɛ ɛmɛsɩ-tʊ ɛ-ñɩma. Pɩnaɣ 1890 taa lɛ, ɛpaɣzɩ ɖakʊtanaa sukuli se pɩkɛdɩna e-ɖoo. Pɩnzɩ 3 wayɩ ɛlɛ sɩba nɛ ɛzɩma ɛɛwɛɛ ɛtɔlʊʊ lɛ, eyele-ku nɛ ɛpaɣzɩ lɩm ɛwadɩyɛ yɔɔ tʊmɩyɛ. Pɩla mbʊ nɛ ɛpaɣzɩ ɛ-caa mɛlɛna kpɛlɛkʊʊ.
Pɩnaɣ 1898 ewoba Pɛlɩziki hayɩsʊ mbʊ Adrien de Gerlache de Gomery ñɔɔza yɔ. Pɩɩkɛna kacalaɣ ñɩŋgʊ kɛ Antarkɩtikii yɔɔ. Roald kaawɛ sɔsɔ Frederick Cook nɔkɔyʊʊ taa kpam nɛ ɛlɛ wɩlɩ-ɩ lɔŋ weyi ɛkpaɣna nɛ ɛpɩzɩ ɛkɛ ɛwa yɔ. Pɩnaɣ 1905 taa ɛkɛna kacalaɣ-tʊ weyi ɛlɛɣ talɩʊ kanada hayʊ kiŋ yɔ, nɛ ɛtɩŋna Atɩlantikii lɩŋgamʊʊ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ nɛ hayʊ kiŋ nɛ ɛtalɩ Pasifikii. Pʊcɔ ɛkɛʊ nɔɔyɔɔ tʊ weyi ɛtalɩ tɛtʊ ñʊʊ putuɖe nɖɩ ɖɩwɛna hadɛ kiŋ yɔ kɛ saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ 14 wiye pɩnaɣ 1911 lɛ, ewoba ɖenɖe payayaɣ se Kpakpalikiyisi lɩm nzɔlʊmɩyɛ pɔɔ taa yaa baie des Baleines yɔ puwiye nɖɩ ɖeke.


text:
Pamakoo
Pamakoo kɛŋna Maalii ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʊ sʊsɔtʊ nɛ tɩ-taa kɛ komina nɛ politiki tʊma sɔsɔna wɛɛ. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩwɛ Nizɛɛrɩ Pɔɔ cɔlɔ kpam nɛ payaɣ-tʊ se Joliba pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se Calɩm pɔɔ. Pamakoo tɛtʊ wɛ piyisi nasɩyɛ hɛkʊ taa nɛ tɩɖaalakɩŋ taa wɛ ɛzɩ kilomɛtanaa 22 nɛ topoyuu taa lɛ pɩmaɣna ɛzɩ kilomɛtanaa 12 piyele kɩ-walanzɩ taa talɩɣ ɛzɩ kilomɛtanaa agbaba 267.
Pamakoo tɛtʊ taa lakʊ sʊsɔʊ nakʊyʊ wɛɛ nɛ payaɣ-kʊ se Kuluba. Pakalɩ ɛyaa kɛ pɩnaɣ 2009 taa lɛ, pɛkpɛndɩ 2 009 109. Ɛlɛ pɩnaɣ 2014 taa lɛ ɛyaa kpɛnda 3 007 122. Afrika ajɛya tɛtʊ sʊsɔtʊ kpeekpe taa payɩ lɛ, Pamakoo tɛtʊ taa kɛ ɛyaa kɩlʊʊ ɖɔʊ nɛ pɩkɛ keteŋa kpeekpe yɔɔ kɔyɔ, ndʊ lɛ looɖo ñɩndʊ.
Pamakoo tɛtʊ wɛna ageeta ndɩ ndɩ nɛ tɛtʊ tɩ-yɔɔ cɔnɩyʊ kɩfalʊ payaɣ se Adama Sangaré.


text:
Platɩnɩ
Platɩnɩ kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 78 nɛ yʊsaɣ ñɩŋa yɔ Pt. Platɩnɩ kɛ ñɩɣlɩm pʊtʊ weyi pamakɩ-ɩ nɛ hama yɔ, palaka-ɩ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ pʊcɔ Kolombii wɛɛ kɛ Amerika ɛjaɖɛ taa. Paa ɖoye taa lɛ, kajalaɣ kɩkɛdɩnaʊ ŋgʊ kɩlɩ Erɔpʊ taa pɩnaɣ 1557 wɛɛ taa kɛ ɛyʊ nɛ ɛ-tʊma yɔɔ maɣzɩm tɔm taa Jules César Scaliger takayasɩ taa (1484 - 1558) kɛtʊʊ ɛ-tɔm nɛ ɛtɔŋ se ɛkɛ hama ñɩɣlɩm pʊtʊ weyi ɛlɩna Ɛndɩ Wɩsɩ Ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa kiŋ yɔ nɛ keeke lɛ ɛwɛɛ Darién (Panama) nɛ Mexico hɛkʊ taa.
Ɛsɩpañɩ ɛyaa paawokaɣ Amerika ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊ yɔɔ caɣʊʊ yɔ caŋ patɩ ya-ɩ se plaɩna pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se liidiye cikpeɖe, alɩwaatʊ ndʊ palɩ ɛ-yɔɔ ɛzɩ kɩlʊlʊʊ yɔ nɔnɔɔ Kolombii ɛjaɖɛ taa. Lɔnsɩɖaa maɣzɩ ɛ-tɔm se ɛcaɣa ɛkɛ liidiye ɛlɛ pɩtɛkɛ mbʊ, pɩcaɣ pɩwɛɛ ɛzɩ liidiye cikpeɖe nɖɩ ɖɩñɩlɩsɩɣ yɔ nɛ peniŋgiyi-ɩ.
Ɛsɩpañɩ kewiyaɣ taa sɔsaa, mba paatɩna ɖoŋ ñɩɣlɩm kɛtɛɖaɣ tɛtʊ naa nɛ wondu naa yɔ kpaɣ-ɩ ɛzɩ wonuu mɛfɛyɩ wazaɣ yɔ nɛ pɔtɔŋ pɔlɔ-ɩ pɔɔ taa mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ sɔndʊ kpaɣa-wɛ se mɩlɩm ndɩ ndɩ, ɛzɩ ɖɩkpaɣ se pamazɩna-ɩ nɛ poluki liidiye pɔɔyɩsɩ kɛtɛkɛsɩ. Ɛndɩ nɛ Kolombii ɛyaa kaawɛ ñʊʊ taa maɣzɩm siŋ (nɛ pɔtɔŋ se ñɩɣlɩm pʊtʊ weyi paapɩzɩ pɛlɛzɩ-ɩ yɔ, ɛlɛ papɩzɩɣ pamabɩ-ɩ nɛ ɛwɛ ɖɔɖɔ tɛyɩŋ piŋ) kɛlɛ palakɩ-ɩ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ piŋ ɛzɩ ɖɩtɩsɩyɛ wondu sakɩyɛ mbʊ yɔ, malɩfa pɛɛ nɛ malɩfa naa taa kaŋ.
Platɩnɩ weyi paa anɩ ñɩnɩɣ se ɛna yɔ, keeke lɛ palaba ɛ-yɔɔ tʊmɩyɛ lɛ sɔɔja nɛ tɩnzɩ yɔɔ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ tʊ Antonio Ulloa tʊ (1716 - 1795), ɛ nɛ Jeorge Juan y Santacilia (1713 - 1773), mba wiyaʊ Philippe 5 tʊ Ɛsɩpañɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa kaaɖʊwa powolo Fransɩɩ lɛɣtʊ tɩnaa tʊmɩyɛ ɖeɖe Peruu (1735 - 1745). Wondu naa lalaa mba patatɩɩ nata yɔ, Ulloa na platina del pinto, pɩkɛ ñɩɣlɩm pʊtʊ weyi patatɩɩ huyita-ɩ yɔ pana ɛ nɛ sika ñɩɣlɩm.


text:
̩Ñɩmɩyɛ
Ñɩmɩyɛ kɛ ñɩɣyʊʊ ɖoŋ ñɩŋgʊ nakʊyʊ. Poluki-kʊ nɛ kʊ-nɔɔ wɛɛ cʊŋŋ. Ñɩmɩyɛ wɛ azaɣ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ. Ɛgbamɩyɛ taa lɛ, payaɣ se ñɩmɩyɛ, peyele sakɩyɛ taa lɛ, payaa se ñɩma. Ñɩma pakaŋna kancɩ. Anaa palakɩna kpelasɩ ndɩ ndɩ. Ñɩma wɛ wazaɣ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ.
Mesopotami egetiye taa pacalɩ naʊ kajalaɣ ñɩma. Ñɩma ana pakaŋkaɣna hatʊ ndʊ palabɩna ñɩɣyʊʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ se kwivri yɔ sɩʊ kpelesi yɔɔ. Kuwivrɩ hatʊ ndʊ palaba-tʊ nɛ pɩla pɩnzɩ 3.500 nɛ pʊcɔ palʊlɩ Yeesu Krɩstʊ. Toovenum lɛ, ɖooo canaʊ taa polubi ñɩmɩyɛ. Ɖajaa Homère tɔma se ñɩmɩyɛ kɛ ɖaʊ cʊŋŋ ŋgʊ kɩtamsʊʊ kpoŋkpolonaa naalɛ yɔ. Roma ñɩma ñɩma nɛ ñɩɣtʊ ɖoŋ ñɩndʊ. Ñɩma ana paɖʊwaɣ pɔ-sɔɔjanaa naakoma yɔɔ kpɛɛɛ.
Ɖooo lɛ, ɛyʊ lukaɣ ñɩma nɛ e-nesi. Ɛlɛ nɔɔnɔɔ yɔ, anasaayɩ ñɩɣtʊ lukana-yɛ. Ɖooo lɛ, ñɩma kakɩlɩna liidiye mbʊ a-wazaɣ ɖɔ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ. Pañɩnaɣ-yɛ pɩkɩlɩ mbʊ payaɣ se ceviiyi (cheville) waa yɔ.
Pɩnaɣ 1786 taa anasaayɩ ñɩɣtʊ calɩ lubuu ñɩma. Etaazunii tɛtʊ taa pajalɩ-yɛ lubu nɛ anasaayɩ ñɩɣtʊ. Ɖajaa Ezekial Reed calɩna-yɛ lubu. Pʊwayɩ lɛ, ɖajaa Thomas Clifford ñolubi-yɛ pɩnaɣ 1790 ñɩŋga taa. Kewiyaɣ Kɩkpɛndaɣ tɛtʊ taa ɛlɛ lubi-yɛ.
Sɔnɔ Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa anasaayɩ ñɩɣdʊ ndɩ ndɩ lubu pɩlɩŋ kagbaanzɩ taa poluki ñɩma ndɩ ndɩ. Poluki ñɩma atalɩ ɛzɩ tɔɔnɩ waa 20. 000 mbʊ yɔ pɩnaɣ taa. Ñɩma ɛ ndɩ ndɩ kpem Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa. A-wɛtʊ ndɩ ndɩ talɩ ɛzɩ 300 taa mbʊ yɔ. Siini ɛjaɖɛ ɖɔɖɔ luki ñɩma pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ.
Ñɩma lubu tʊmɩyɛ ɖɛ nɛ ɛsɩndaa pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ Lorɛɛnɩ (Lorraine) ɛjaɖɛ taa. A-lubu tʊmɩyɛ ɖɛ nɛ ɛsɩndaa ɖɔɖɔ Fosijɩ (Vosges) egetiye taa.
Ɛzɩma ñɩmɩyɛ kpɩtɩɣ yaa kpoŋkpolonaa naalɛ nɛ ɖama ?[ñɔɔzɩ | ñɔɔzɩ wikicode]
Ñɩmɩyɛ nɔɔ wɛ cʊŋŋ. Pasɩɣ-ɖɩ ɖɩ-nɔɔ yɔɔ kpoŋkpolo kajalaɣ ñɩŋgʊ yɔɔ. Pʊwayɩ lɛ, pakpaɣ hama nɛ paka ɖɩ-tɔbʊʊ yɔɔ nɛ ɖɩ-nɔɔ sʊʊ kpoŋkpolo kajalaɣ ñɩŋgʊ taa mɩɩɩ. Pɛwɛɛ kam yɔɔ nɛ ñɩmɩyɛ tɩŋa sʊʊ kajalaɣ kpoŋkpolo ŋgʊ nɛ ɖɩlɛdɩ. Ɖɩlɛdɩɣ lɛ, ɖɩtalɩ ɖɩsʊʊ kpoŋkpolo naalɛ ñɩŋgʊ taa ɖɔɖɔ mɩɩ. Pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se pakama kpoŋkpolo naalɛ ñɩŋgʊ kajalaɣ ñɩŋgʊ yɔɔ. Pɩlaba se kpoŋkpolonaa naalɛ mba patamnɩ ɖama lɛ. Ñɩmɩyɛ tɔʊʊ wala tayɩ. Yee mbʊ ɖɩ-tɔbʊʊ ɛɛsʊʊ kpoŋkpolo kajalaɣ ñɩŋgʊ taa nɛ pɩɩcandɩnɩ naalɛ ñɩŋgʊ. Ɖɩ-tɔbʊʊ ŋgʊ ki-ɖeke panaɣ kpoŋkpolo kajalaɣ ñɩŋgʊ yɔɔ.


text:
Fiyoolɔɔ
Fiyoolɔɣ kɛna mʊsɩ labʊ wonu kɩmabʋʋ. Palaba-kʋ nɛ nimasi n̄ɩʋ n̄ɩʋ nɛ sɩkpɩtina ɖama ɖɔɖɔ camɩyɛ. Kʋ-yɔ nɛ wondu 71, tɩ-wɛ ɖasɩ tɩyɛ. Pɛkpɛnda wondu ndʊ nɛ ɖama. Wonuu fiyoolɔɣ kʋnɛ kɩ-wɛna nimasi nanaaza, nɛ hɛkʋʋ nɛ hɛkʋʋ lɛ pila kagbaanzɩ. Nimasi sɩnɛ yɔ, sɩ-yɔɔ kɛ fiyoolɔɣ tʋ yaa maɖʋʋ kpɩtʋʋna nɛ e-nee yaa. Ɛ-kpɩtʋʋ nɛ eyeki mbʋ lɛ, kɛ wilitu yaa tilitu lɩʋ.
Mʊsɩ labʊ wonu mabʋʋ kpɛlɛkʋ ɖeɖe yaa cɔlʋtʋ ɖeɖe ɛzɩ katɔr(quatot) nimasi n̄ɩŋgʋ ɖeɖe yaa mʋsɩ tɩnaa ɖɩjaɣyɛ sɛmfoniiki hɔlʋʋ taa lɛ, fiyoolɔɣ mʊsɩ labʊ wonu wonuu kʋnɛ kɩ-kɛna kɩklɩ kɛʋ cikpeluu yɔ. Kɩ-tɛ witu yaa sɛʊ polindaa kɩlɩna wɛʋ ɖɔɖɔ wilitu taa yaa tilitu hɔlʋʋ taa fɩɩnɩnɩ ɛ-hɔʋʋ taa. Kɩ-na alɩto pɔ-hɔʋʋ kɛ kʋɖʋmʋʋ. Panɛ pa-taa peɖe ɖɔɖɔ pʋtɔbʋ pɔ-hɔʋʋ ɖɔɖɔ taa mba kɛlɛ fiyoolɔnsɩyɛɛlɛ nɛ kɔntrebassɩ. Palɩza mʊsɩ labʊ wonu wonuu kɩmabʋʋ kʋnɛ kɛ kpaɖʋ 16 taa kɛnɛ. Ɖɩtɩlɩ kpakpa size wonuu kʋnɛ kɩcaŋga kʋtɔyɩ ɛjaɖɛ yɔɔ lɔŋ kpem.
Fiyoolɔɣ wonuu mʊsɩ labʊ wonu n̄ɩŋgʋ kʋnɛ, kɩ-paza kʋwɛ fefeɖe kɛ mʊsɩ labʊ wonu kʋcɔlʋʋ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʋyɛ kiŋ hɔlʋʋ taa. Soo lɩzɩyɩyaa sʋsaa sakɩyɛ maɣ tɔm coɣ kɛ wonuu fiyoolɔɣ ŋgʋ kɩ-yɔ (concertos yɔ, nɛ mʊsɩ labʊ wonu kuduyuu tɛ n̄ɩŋgʋ yɔ, nɛ pɩtasɩna sɛmfoniki hɔlaɣ yɔ ɖɔɖɔ). Pamakaɣ pamaɣma kɛ(Vivaldi, nɛ Bach, nɛ Mozart ɖɔɖɔ). Fiyoolɔɣ maɖaa nabɛyɛ mba paawɛ kpaɖʋ 19 taa yɔ, pa-hɩlaɣ ka-wilaɣ yaa kaɣsɛna kedeŋa kpeekpe siŋŋ. Pɩlɩna po-soo tɩlɩtʋ mabʋ yɔ. Pa-taa nɔɔyʋ hɩɖɛ kɛlɛ Paganini.


text:
Ɛrbɩyɔm
Ɛrbɩyɔm kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 68 nɛ yʊsaɣ ñɩŋa yɔ Er. Ɛrbɩyɔm kɛ ñɩɣlɩm pɩyʊ kɛtɛɖaɣ tɛtʊ naa taa. Ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ lantanɩdɩ waa lalaa yɔ ɛrbɩyɔm wɛ sɛmɩŋ kpʊzɩyɛɛ liidiye tɩyɛ, ɛwɛɛ cʊndʊlʊm nɛ ɛwɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ manɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa helim taa. Ɛwɛ helim taa yem kɔyɔ ɛmʊ kalɩkɔdaɣ pazɩɩ yem.
Payaɣ-ɩ se ɛrbɩyɔm yɔ pɩlɩna lone nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa palɩ ɛ-yɔɔ yɔ, Ytterby pɩñɔtɩna Stockholm Sʊyɛdɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa, egeetiye nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa pana pɩ-tɛ ñɩɣlɩm tɛtʊ, peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ pana kɛtɛɖaɣ tɛtʊ naa sakɩyɛ. Ɛzɩ payaʊʊ hɩla anɛ yɔ ɩtrɩyɔm, tɛrbɩyɔm nɛ ɩtɛrɩbɩyɔm yɔ mbʊ ɖɔɖɔ pakpaɣna nɛ paya-ɩ ɖɔɖɔ.
Pɩnaɣ 1789 alɩwaatʊ taa kɛ Fɛɛlandɩ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkɩyʊ Johan Gadolin na ɔkɩsɩdɩ kɩfalʊʊ (yaa tɛtʊ) kɛ ɩtɛrbɩtɩ cɛbɩyaɣ nakɛyɛ taa (nɛ pʊwayɩ paya-ɩ se katɔlɩnɩtɩ pɩlɩna ɛ-hɩɖɛ yɔ). Ɛwaɣa kɩfalaɣ ŋga paatɛma-kɛ naʊ ɖooo pɩnzɩ naalɛ pɩtɩŋna sɔdʊʊ sɔɔja Carl Axel Arrhenius yɔɔ pɩñɔtɩna Ytterby haɖaa tɛtʊ kɛ Sʊyɛdɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Petisi ɛ-tʊma yɔɔ pɩnaɣ 1797 ɛlɛ pɩtɩŋna Anders Gustaf Ekeberg yɔɔ ɛnʊ weyi ɛya ɔkɩsɩdɩ kɩfalʊ ŋgʊ se yttria.
Pɩkɔma pɩnaɣ 1870 taa lɛ, mʊntʊsɩŋ weliŋ tʊma laɣsɩ wɩlɩɣ se ɛrbɩnɩ kɛ lɩm kisidim mbʊ papɩzɩɣ patɩŋna pɔyɔɔ nɛ pana pʊtʊnaa lalaa yɔ. Pʊtʊnaa mba yɔ sɩkandɩyɔm, hɔlɩmɩyɔm nɛ tʊlɩyɔm (pɩnaɣ 1879), pʊwayɩ kɔyɔ tɩsɩprɔsɩyɔm (pɩnaɣ 1886) nɛ kpaagba ɖeɖe kɔyɔ lʊtɛsɩyɔm (pɩnaɣ 1907). Georges Urbain nɛ Charles James papɩzɩna palɩzɩ-ɩ eyeke pɩnaɣ 1905.


text:
Cannes silimaɣ ciŋgaayi
Paa pɩnaɣ ŋga palakɩ kedeŋa kpeekpe sinimaɣ ciŋgaayi. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se pɔcɔŋna nɛ pana se pɩnaɣ mpilim taa lɛ, akɩlɩ silimaɣ waa kɩbama lɩzʋʋ. Pañɩnɩɣ nɛ pana weyi ɛkɩlɩ lɩzʋʋ silimaɣ waa kɩbama lɛ, palabɩ-ɩ kedeŋa kpeekpe kʋjɔʋ sɔsɔʋ.
Pɩnaɣ 1946 ñɩŋga taa papazɩ kedeŋa kpeekpe silimaɣ waa ciŋgaayi ŋgʋ labʋ. Ɖajaa Jean Zay labɩna kedeŋa kpeekpe silimaɣ waa ciŋgaayi tɛ tamaɣ.
Ɖajaa Jean Zay kɛ Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ minisi weyi ɛcɔŋna sukulinaa nɛ nesi tɛɛ tʋma yɔɔ yɔ. Ɖooo lɛ, payaɣa kedeŋa kpeekpe silimaɣ waa tɛ ciŋgaayi se, kedeŋa kpeekpe fiilim waa tɛ ciŋgaayi. Kpaɣna pɩnaɣ 2002 nɛ pʋkɔɔ pɩsɩɩna sɔnɔ yɔ peyeba yaʋ se kedeŋa kpeekpe fiilim waa tɛ ciŋgaayi nɛ payaɣ se kedeŋa kpeekpe silimaɣ waa tɛ ciŋgaayi. Kɩyakɩŋ hiu nɛ kagbaanzɩ mpilim palakɩna ciŋgaayi ŋgʋ.
Pɩlaba pɩnzɩ cabɩ yɔ, kedeŋa kpeekpe silimaɣ waa tɛ ciŋgaayi pakɩlɩ sɩm tɛtʋ yɔɔ cɩnɛ, kɔzɩ kɔzɩ pɩnaɣ taa alɩwaatʋ ndʋ patʋlʋʋ silimaɣ waa tɛ ciŋgaayi nɔnɔɔ yɔ. Alɩwaatʋ ndʋʋ pakpazɩ kɛdɛɛka kɩsɛmaɣ nakɛyɛ ɛsɔdaa. Kedeŋa kpeekpe tɩlɩ kedeŋa kpeekpe silimaɣ waa ciŋgaayi ŋgʋ, ɛlɛ, pama takayɩsɩ ndɩ ndɩ nasɩyɛ taa nɛ pakʋyʋʋ kedeŋa kpeekpe silimaɣ waa tɛ ciŋgaayi ŋgʋ kʋ-yɔɔ.
Paa pɩnaɣ ŋga, agoza fenaɣ ɖɩtɛnɖɛ taa, kedeŋa kpeekpe silimaɣ waa laɖaa nɛ wendu teyaa nɛ mba pɛtɛyɩɣ yaa pɛpɛdɩɣ silimaɣ waa ajɛya kpeekpee taa yɔ nɛ aseɣɖe tɔm susuyaa kudokiŋ ɛgbɔŋ ɛgbɔŋ pakʋyʋʋ nɛ powoki Cannes tɛtʋ taa. Toovenum lɛ, Cannes tɛtʋ taa palakɩ kedeŋa kpeekpe silimaɣ waa tɛ ciŋgaayi ŋgʋ. Cannes tɛtʋ wɛ Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa.


text:
Teluuri
Teluuri kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 52 nɛ yʊsaɣ ñɩŋa yɔ Te. Teluuri pʊtʊ ɛnʊ pamaɣzɩ ɛ-tɔm pɩkɩlɩ pana-ɩ yɔ kɛ pɩnaɣ 1782 pɩtɩŋna Franz-Joseph Müller von Reichenstein kɛ Transylvan ñɩɣlɩm sika tɛtʊ taa, kɔzɩ kɔzɩ sylvanite. Pɩtɩŋna Pál Kitaibel weyi ɛlaba tʊmɩyɛ nɛ miŋ nzʊlɩmɩyɛ, palɩza-ɩ ndeke lɛ pɩtɩŋna Martin Heinrich Klaproth, ɛnʊ weyi ɛya-ɖɩ latɛŋ kʊnʊŋ se tellurium pɩnaɣ 1798. Pʊtʊ ɛnʊ paya-ɩ nɛ Ɛnglɩsɩ kʊnʊŋ taa ɖɔɖɔ se Tellurium. Hɩɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩlɩna latɛŋ halɩñɩŋʊ kʊnʊŋ taa se tellus, telluris, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se Tɛtʊ.
Yee ŋfeza teluuri helim kɔyɔ pʊkɔŋnaŋ ɖonɖomuu kʊdɔŋ, ñʊʊ holuu nɛ ɖakʊʊ nɛ pɩkpɛndɩna ndoma wɩlɩɣ nɛ pɩlakɩŋ ñɩɣlɩm sɔɔlʊʊ tɩyɛ. Pʊtʊ ɛnʊ ɛyʊ efeza-ɩ ŋñɩɩ, ɛ-tɛ feziŋ alɩwaatʊ lɛ, e-tomnaɣ lɩɣ sɔŋ ɛzɩ ayoo yɔ. Etukina ɛsɩyɛ kɔyɔ, ɛsɩyɛ sɛʊ cɩɩɩ nɛ ɛsa wɩɣ. Ɛyʊ eliba yɔ e-lotu wɩɣ, pusuyu-ɩ nɛ pɩtamna tɔtʊ.
Pɩsa nɛ ɛpɩzɩ ɛwazɩ ɛyaa lɛ, ɛ-tɛ ɖɔʊ makɩna 0,1 mg/m3 helim taa (ACGIH 1999). Ɛ-tɛ wondu sakɩyɛ wɛ sɔtʊ, nɛ pɩkɔŋna kaɖɛ hɔyɛ nɛ ɛyʊ hɛkʊ taa fitenum. Palakaɣ pʊtʊ ɛnʊ pɩtalɩ tɔnɩ waa 250 pɩnaɣ taa nɛ tɔnɩ waa 1000 pɩnaɣ taa, ɛlɛ pʊlɔŋ nɛ kuwiviri nɛ sɛlɛnɩyɔm cajaasɩ taa palɩza-ɩ.
Pɩnzɩ 1990 taa lɛ, ajɛyɛ naanza cɔŋanaɣ teluuri tʊma labʊ yɔɔ, ana yɔ Etaazuunii, Kanadaa, SJapɔŋ nɛ Peruu. Pɩnaɣ taa kɩlabɩm yee pɩkpɛndɩna sɛlɩnɩyɔm kɔyɔ, pɩlʊʊ taa ɖɩnaɣ se pɩtalɩ tɔnɩ waa 1000, ɛlɛ tɔnɩ kʊyʊmʊ yakaɣ liidiye 1200. Kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ yɔɔ lʊɖaa, Elias Anton Cappelen Smith wayi tɩŋyaa, papa lɩza-ɩ kuwiviri nazɩyʊ peɣɖe ahʊya ñɩɣlɩm tɛtʊ mununu taa.


text:
Sɩlɩsɩyɔm
Sɩlɩsɩyɔm kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ taa pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 14 nɛ yʊsaɣ mayaɣ kɔyɔ Si. Ɛkɛ ɖɔmbɛyɛ liɖe taa pʊtʊ. Ɛkɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɔkɩsɩzɛnɩ wayi lɛ, ɛtɔyɩ sakɩyɛ tɛtʊ pɔɔɖɛ taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ ɛ-tɛ hilimiye kɔyɔ 25,7%, ɛlɛ tʊʊzʊʊ hɔɔlʊʊ taa lɛ, ɛtapazɩ ɛkɛ kɩjɛyɩɣ pʊtʊ nɔyɔ fezuu tɔm taa.
Ɛzɩ ɖɔmbɩyɛ kɩɩkpayʊ tɛ lɛ, pɩcakpalɩmɩyɛ (SiO2) nɖɩ ɖɩlɩna tɛtʊ fekediŋ naalɛ tʊ tɛ yɔ, palakana-ɩ tʊmɩyɛ ɖooo pitihiɣ kɛ ñɩɣlʊʊ ɖeɖe. Ɖooo kpaɣɖʊ 20 alɩwaatʊ hɛkʊ taa lɛ, nazɩyʊ pee kpɛlɛkʊʊ kɩfam lɩɩ (hɔɔlʊʊ ɖɛzʊʊ ñɩɣyʊʊ), pɩsa nɛ pala wondu lɛɛtʊ ɛzɩ sɩlɩsɩyɔm naa wondu yaa ɛzɩ palabɩna laatriki miŋ weyi ɛlakɩ tʊmɩyɛ wɩsɩ yɔ.
Hɩɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩlɩna latɛŋ kʊnʊŋ taa kɛnɛ silex, silicis nɛ ɖɩ-tɔbʊʊ se kaʊʊ yaa pɩcakpalɩmɩyɛ. Pɩpɩzɩɣ piyiiduu, Ɛnglɩsɩ kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ, silicon wɩlɩɣ se pɩkɛ sɩlɩsɩyɔm, silicone wɩlɩɣ sɩlɩsɩyɔm wonuu nɛ silica wɩlɩɣ se pɩkɛ pɩcakpalɩmɩyɛ. Sɩlɩsɩyɔm ŋgʊ ɖɩyɔɔdʊʊ kʊ-tɔm yɔ pɩnaɣ 1824 palɩ kɩ-yɔɔ pɩtɩŋna Berzelius yɔɔ.
Yee ɛjaɖɛ taa soŋgaɣ nɛ ɛsɔkaɣ ñɩɣyʊʊ ɛwɛ camɩyɛ kɔyɔ sɩlɩsɩyɔm wɛɣ kpeŋgeyem, nɛ pʊcɔ ɛpɩzɩ eyoli lɛ, ɛtalɩɣ 1414°C nɛ wasɩɣ ɖeɖe kɔyɔ 3265°C. Ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ lɩm yɔ, ɛnʊ ɛkpɩndɩɣ lɩm ɖeɖe pɩkɩlɩɣ ɖenɖe ekpeŋela yɔ, ŋgʊ lɩm wondu lɛɛtʊ fɛyɩ mbʊ. Mbʊ yebina nɛ ɛkɛ wonuu ŋgʊ kɩhaɣ soŋgaɣ camɩyɛ yɔ.


text:
Kɩlabɩm
Kɩlabɩm Tʊzʊʊ nɔmɔʊ taa lɛ payaɣ se kɩlabɩm pɩyʊ lɛ pɩkɛ akɔnta labɩtʊ tɔm ndɩ ndɩ ndʊ pɛkpɛnda se pɩha pɩyʊ weyi ɛwazɩɣ yɔ pɩtɩŋna kiɖe mbʊ paasɩma yɔ pʊyɔɔ. Kɩlabɩm mbʊ pɩpɩzɩɣ pɩkɛ nɔmɔŋ wɩlɩɣ takayaɣ kɩɖʊɖaɣ kɛ anasaayɩ ñɩɣtʊ taa. Wiluu nɛ takɩɣ hɔɔlʊʊ taa lɛ, pɔyɔɔdʊʊ pʊ-tɔm lɛ pɩkɛ ñʊŋ kalɩtʊ pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se paa ɛzɩmta lɛ panaɣ ñʊʊ.
Wiluu nɛ takɩɣ nɔmɔʊ keekee taa lɛ, kɩlabaa wɛna lɛɛzɩyaa keekee, kɛlɛ ñʊŋ nɩɩyɛ wɛɛ paapɩzɩɣ palabɩ-sɩ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ keekee nɛ payaa-sɩ se pekizina-m waa. Ɖɩcɔna kɔyɔ sɩ-taa kɔyɔ mayaɣ kpɛɖɛ ñɩŋa mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ paapɩzɩɣ pɛtɛyɩ mayaɣ ŋga nɛ mabʊyʊ.
Papɩzɩɣ nɛ palɩzɩɣ tɔmʊʊ ŋgʊ kʊ-tɔbʊʊ pɩtɩŋna Leibniz yɔɔ ɖooo kpaɣɖʊ 17 tɛmtʊ wɛɛ taa. Pɩɩkɛ se paɖʊ paa lone nɖɩ lɛ ɖɩ-yɔɔ kɛ pɩyʊ, ɛzɩ ɖoli kʊyʊm tukunayʊ. Mbʊ se patɩlɩ paa lone nɖɩ mbʊ yɔ kɛ Jean Bernouilli nɛ Euler paɖanɩɣ tɔbɩŋ lɛɛŋ lɩzɩɣ keekee.